E4170 v1 MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED MASINDI – WAKI - BULIISA AND NKONGE - KASHOZI 33kV POWER DISTRIBUTION LINE AND ASSOCIATED LOW VOLTAGE NETWORKS FINAL REPORT CONSULTANT: Date: March 2013 i TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................... I MEASURES AND UNITS: ......................................................................................................................... VI LIST OF KEY PERSONNEL ........................................................................................................................ X EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... XI ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES.......................................................................................................................... XIV SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES: - ............................................. XVI 1 CHAPTER 1: - INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................................................. 2 1.4 NAME, TITLE AND ADDRESS OF THE DEVELOPER ...................................................................................... 2 1.5 COST OF THE DEVELOPMENT .................................................................................................................. 3 1.6 OBJECTIVE OF THE REPORT.................................................................................................................... 3 1.7 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.8 PROJECT LOCATION .............................................................................................................................. 4 1.9 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................... 7 1.10 MATERIALS AND METHODS (TECHNICAL CONSIDERATION) .................................................................... 7 1.10.1 Overhead Power Lines Route ................................................................................................. 7 1.10.2 Voltage Levels ......................................................................................................................... 7 1.10.3 Three-Phase Versus Single-Phase............................................................................................ 8 1.10.4 Conductors ............................................................................................................................. 8 1.10.5 Poles ....................................................................................................................................... 8 1.10.6 Insulators ................................................................................................................................ 8 1.10.7 Line Construction .................................................................................................................... 9 1.10.8 Transformers .......................................................................................................................... 9 1.10.9 Connections to Consumer’s Premises ................................................................................... 10 2 CHAPTER 2: PREPARATION OF THE PROJECT BRIEF (METHODOLOGY) ...................................... 11 2.1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................... 11 2.2 PROJECT STRATEGY ............................................................................................................................ 11 2.3 SITE SURVEYS ............................................................................................................................... 12 2.4 SOCIAL, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................... 12 2.5 LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................................................................................... 12 2.6 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .................................................................................................................. 12 2.7 IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................. 14 2.4 DISCLOSURE PROCESS ................................................................................................................... 16 3 CHAPTER 3: - POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ................................................. 17 3.1 POLICY FRAMEWORK.......................................................................................................................... 17 3.1.1 The National Environment Management Policy, 1994 .......................................................... 17 3.1.2 Uganda’s Vision 2025 ............................................................................................................ 17 3.1.3 The Energy Policy, 2001 ......................................................................................................... 17 3.2 LEGAL FRAMEWORK ...................................................................................................................... 17 3.2.1 The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda (1995) ............................................................. 18 3.2.2 National Environment Act, Cap 153....................................................................................... 18 3.2.3 The Land Act, 1998 ................................................................................................................ 18 3.2.4 The Workman’s Compensation Act, 2000 ............................................................................ 18 3.2.5 The Occupational Safety and Health Act (2006) .................................................................. 19 ii 3.2.6 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 1998 ......................................................... 19 3.2.7 The National Environment (Wetlands, River Banks and Lakeshores Management) Regulations, 2000 19 3.2.8 National Environment (Waste management) Regulations, 1999 ......................................... 19 3.2.9 Historical Monument Act, 1967 ................................................................................................. 19 3.2.10 National Forestry and Tree Planting Act, 2003 ....................................................................... 20 3.2.11 Towns and Country Planning Act, 1964 .................................................................................... 20 3.2.9 National Environment (Conduct and Certification of Environmental Practitioners) Regulations, 2003 20 3.2.10 The Uganda Wildlife Act, Cap 200, 2004 ............................................................................... 20 3.2.11 The Roads Act, Cap 345 ......................................................................................................... 20 3.3 THE WORLD BANK’S SAFEGUARD POLICIES ...................................................................................... 21 3.4 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK.......................................................................................................... 23 3.4.1 Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development (MEMD) ........................................................ 23 3.4.2 The Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERA) .......................................................................... 23 3.4.3 The National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) ............................................... 23 3.4.4 Local Government Administration Structures ..................................................................... 24 4 CHAPTER 4: ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL SETTING ..................................................................... 26 4.1 PHYSICAL COMPONENT ...................................................................................................................... 26 4.1.1 Bunyoro Zone: ...................................................................................................................... 26 4.1.1 ANKOLE ZONE .............................................................................................................................. 30 4.2 ECOLOGICAL COMPONENT.............................................................................................................. 32 4.1.2 Bunyoro Zone ....................................................................................................................... 32 4.1.3 Invasive Plants in the Project Area ....................................................................................... 34 4.1.4 Ankole Zone ......................................................................................................................... 36 4.2 SOCIAL – ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS .............................................................................................. 41 4.2.1 Bunyoro Zone ....................................................................................................................... 41 4.2.2 Social Economic Activities .................................................................................................... 48 4.2.3 Detailed social analysis (Bunyoro Zone) ............................................................................... 51 4.3 ANKOLE ZONE .............................................................................................................................. 56 4.3.1 Administrative Units ............................................................................................................. 56 4.3.2 Land Tenure .......................................................................................................................... 56 4.3.3 Population ............................................................................................................................ 56 4.3.4 Ethnic Composition............................................................................................................... 57 4.3.5 4.4.5 Community livelihood .................................................................................................. 58 4.3.6 Detailed social analysis (Ankole Zone) .................................................................................. 59 5 CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .................................................................................. 64 5.1 MULTI – CRITERIA ANALYSIS (MCA) FOR THE OPTIMUM CHOICE ............................................................ 66 6 CHAPTER 6: ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES 69 6.1 POSITIVE IMPACTS.............................................................................................................................. 69 6.1.1 Positive Biophysical Impacts ................................................................................................. 69 6.1.2 Positive Social Impacts ......................................................................................................... 70 6.1.3 Summary of measures to Enhance Positive Impacts for the 33kv line ................................. 74 6.2 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AT DESIGN STAGE ............................................................................................ 75 6.3 POTENTIAL IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION ................................................................................... 75 6.3.1 Biological Impacts ................................................................................................................. 75 6.3.2 Physical Impacts ................................................................................................................... 77 6.3.3 Negati ve Social Impacts during construction of the 33kv Distribution Line ........................ 80 iii 6.4 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AFTER CONSTRUCTION ..................................................................................... 86 6.4.1 Biophysical Impacts .............................................................................................................. 86 6.4.2 Negative Social Impacts during the operation of the 33kv Distribution line ........................ 88 6.4.2 Occupational Health and Safety ........................................................................................... 90 7 CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN (ESMMP)93 7.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 93 7.2 POLICY, LEGAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK IN UGANDA ....................................... 93 7.3 ENVIRONMENTAL PLAN ................................................................................................................. 93 7.4 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND INTER-AGENCY CO-OPERATION IN MONITORING ........................................ 94 7.5 CONTRACTOR'S OBLIGATIONS VERSUS DEVELOPER'S OBLIGATIONS ..................................................... 94 7.6 COST OF IMPLEMENTING OF THIS ESMMP ....................................................................................... 94 7.7 DISCLOSURE PROCESS ........................................................................................................................ 97 8 PLAN FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MITIGATION/ENHANCEMENT MEASURES .............. 98 9 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................. 105 10 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................. 106 ANNEX 1: LINE DIAGRAM FOR THE MASINDI -WAKI – BULIISA INTERCONNECTOR .............................. 107 ANNEX 2: LINE DIAGRAM FOR THE –NKONGE - KASHOZI INTERCONNECTOR ...................................... 108 ANNEX 4: SCHEDULE OF SENSITIZATION AND CONSULTATIVE MEETINGS FOR THE EA AND RAP IN RESPECT OF – NKONGE - KASHOZI 33KVDISTRIBUTION LINE .................................................................................... 111 ANNEX 4: SCHEDULE OF SENSITIZATION AND CONSULTATIVE MEETINGS FOR THE EA AND RAP IN RESPECT OF THE THE PROPOSED –MASINDI – WAKI - BULISA AND –NKONGE - KASHOZI 33KV DISTRIBUTION LINE AND ASSOCIATED LOW VOLTAGE NETWORKS .................................................................................................................. 111 iv AAAC All Aluminium Alloy Conductor AAC All Aluminium Conductor ACSR Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced CFR Central Forest Reserves DEO: District Environment Officer EA Environmental Assessment EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment EMF: Electromagnetic fields ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMMP Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan ESMP: Environmental and Social Management Plan ERA: Electricity Regulatory Authority ERT: Energy for Rural Transformation HV: High Voltage LC: Local Council LOU Laws of Uganda LV Low Voltage MEMD: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development MLHUD Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development MWE Ministry of Water and Environment NEMA: National Environment Management Authority NFA National Forestry Authority NHTF Natural Tropical High Forest OHS: Occupational Health and Safety PAP: Project-affected person(s) PB: Project Brief POP Persistent Organic Pollutants PPE Personal Protection Equipment RAP: Resettlement Action Plan REA: Rural Electrification Agency REF Rural Electrification Fund RGC Rural Growth Centres RTI Respiratory Tract Infections ROW: Right-of-Way SWER Single-Wire Earth Return TC Trading Centres TWNR Two Wire Neutral Return UETCL: Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited WB World Bank v Measures and units: km: Kilometre (= 1 000 metres) kv: Kilovolt (103 volt) KVA: Kilovolt Amperes m: Meters vi ABOUT THE CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES The land on which the project will be located. It includes the Construction Distribution power line route, and tracks as well as any other area Area/Site affected or disturbed by construction activities. ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT The surroundings within which people exist. The environment is made up of: the soil; water and atmosphere; fauna; flora; any part, Environment combination or interrelationships among these; and all the physical, chemical, aesthetic and cultural properties and conditions of the foregoing that influence human health and well being. Environmental , A detailed plan of action prepared to organise and co-ordinate Social environmental mitigation, rehabilitation and monitoring so that Management positive impacts are enhanced and negative impacts and damage and Monitoring to the environment are avoided, minimised or rectified where Plan (ESMMP) required. The effect of an activity on the environment, whether desirable or undesirable. Undesirable or negative environmental impacts will Environmental result in damage and / or pollution of, or detriment to the Impact environment or in danger to the public, whether immediate or delayed. Natural and / or human associated dust becoming airborne due to Fugitive Dust the forces of wind or human activity. Flora and Fauna Any individual or group of micro-organisms, plants or animals. General Waste It includes waste paper, board, cardboard, benign organic and and domestic waste and uncontaminated construction debris such as Construction used paint tins, unused conductors and earth wires, insulator sets, Rubble nuts, bolts and unused subsoil. vii Heritage sites and artefacts can be defined as any object or site of cultural, historical, archaeological or paleontological significance found in or on the land. Historical objects with architectural, historical, scientific, cultural, social, spiritual, linguistic, technological or aesthetic value. For example, buildings or parts thereof, graves or burial sites, milestones, numismatic and military Heritage Sites objects. and Artefacts Archaeological objects include material remains resulting from human activity which are over 100 years old and which are in a state of disuse, such as tools, artefacts, human and hominoid remains and artificial features and structures. Paleontological objects include any fossilised remains of animals or plants Potentially dangerous substances that may affect human health and / or environmental health and / or have inherent chemical and physical composition, which could be toxic, poisonous, flammable, explosive, carcinogenic or radioactive. Hazardous waste includes, but are not limited to: human excrement, the by products and wastes associated with the use of hazardous substances (i.e. used Hazardous fuel, oil, lubricant and solvents), as well as items such as spent Substances batteries, old oil filters, light bulbs, tyres, circuit boards, etc. which require special collection and handing. When left abandoned, even substances such as scrap metal, wire, tins, broken glass and plastic could be harmful to people, wild and domestic animals. For example: plastic could be ingested by animals; people and animals could be injured by broken glass or metal objects; and animals could get trapped in drums, tins and bottles and get entangled in viii plastic or metal wiring. Even if buried, such objects may become exposed over time due to wind erosion, scavengers or future human activities. Because of the sensitive nature of the area, these substances are all regarded as ‘hazardous waste’ for the purposes of this EMP. For the purposes of this EMP, hydrological features include, but are Hydrological not limited to: wetlands; open water; vegetated drainage channels; Features subterranean water; marine environments and estuarine environments. Environmental management measures designed to avoid, limit or Mitigation remedy undesirable environmental impacts. Structured observation, measurement and evaluation of Monitoring environmental data over a period of time to assess the efficiency of environmental mitigation and rehabilitation measures. Rehabilitation Measures implemented to restore a damaged environment. Environmentally sensitive sites include but are not limited to: o Areas with high conservation value due to the presence of important plant specimens, pristine habitats, high biodiversity, important water resources or heritage features and artefacts; Sensitive Sites o Areas particularly prone to erosion once disturbed (steep slopes); o Vulnerable areas with low potential for rehabilitation / slow rate of recovery (rock outcrops, steep slopes); and o Areas in close proximity of sensitive receptors, such as farm homesteads, viewpoints or tourist stopovers. ix List of Key Personnel List of Key Individuals involved in conducting the Environmental Assessment and preparation of the project brief for the proposed Masindi - Waki 33kv Distribution Line and related low Voltage Networks Key Personnel whose details are listed below have prepared this Project brief: - NAMES RELEVANT QUALIFICATIONS Mr. S. A. K. Magezi Certified Environmental Practitioner and Auditor: BSC (Physics-Hons), Pgd. (Met), Msc. (PP Ass.), Pgd. (Team Leader) (Environ. Management), Cert. in EIA, Cert. Consultancy Development Skills, and over 20 years experience in Environment Management. Apohia Atukunda, She is a NEMA Certified Environmental Practitioner and Auditor with over 15 years of experience in the Environment and Natural Resources (ENR) Sector. She has a Bsc. Forestry, Msc Agriculture in addition to targeted courses in Environmental Resources Management including Environment and Sustainable Growth, EIA training and Participatory Rural Appraisal certificate. Hillary Beinomugisha Certified Environmental Practitioner: BSc (Forestry), MSc (environmental Science), Inter. Cert. in International Environmental Studies. 15 years in Environment management, training and Research. Ass. Lecturer Makerere University. General Secretary, Ecological Society for Eastern Africa. Ms. Gertrude B Magezi Sociologist and Certified Environmental Practitioner: BA (Social Sciences), PG cert. in Planning and Devlp. Pgd in Planning, Housing and Building, Pgd in Devlp. and Gender, Cert. Consultancy Devlp. Skills Key: Pgd. = Post Graduate Diploma, Pdd. = Post Doctoral Diploma, PG cert = Post Graduate certificate, Cert = Certificate, Devlp. = Development, PPAss = Pollution Potential Assessment. x EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background The Government of Uganda has received financing from the World Bank (WB) towards the cost of the Energy for Rural Transformation (ERT) Project Phase II and has asked for Consultancy Services to Undertake an Environmental Assessment (EA) and prepare a Project Brief (PB) detailing the potential impacts of the project for the proposed 33kv –Masindi-Waki- Buliisa and –Nkonge-Kashozi 33kv Distribution Lines (352Km). This is expected to cover the 33kv electricity distribution grid – extension lines and the associated low voltage networks inclusive of transformers of various capacities (25KVA, 50KVA, 100KVA, 315KVA). The Principal Developer of the project is the Rural Electrification Agency (REA) while the principal consultant who has been mandated to conduct the Environmental Assessment is RESCO. This statement comprises the Project Brief for the Environmental Assessment for the proposed 33kv Masindi-Waki-Buliisa and –Nkonge-Kashozi 33kv Distribution Lines and the associated low voltage networks (415/240V) project in the Districts of Masindi, Hoima and Buliisa as well as of Sembabule, Kiruhura and Ibanda. In preparing this Project Brief, the potential environmental concerns have been identified and appropriate mitigation measures have been proposed. As part of the EA methodology, Consultations with key stakeholders have been done, in addition to the relevant literature review as well as site visits. The study area has been subdivided in two zones. The first zone is the so called Bunyoro zone which includes the districts of Masindi, Hoima and Buliisa. The second zone is the Ankole zone which covers the Districts of Sembabule, Kiruhura and Ibanda. Description of the Project The total length of the proposed power line is 352 Km which is in two parts. These are: -  Masindi – Waki – Buliisa (177Km) in Masindi, Hoima and Buliisa Districts;  Nkonge-Kashozi (175km) in Sembabule, Kiruhura and Ibanda Districts. The proposed overhead electricity distribution grid-extension power lines route for the Bunyoro zone covers the Districts of Masindi, Buliisa and Hoima. As for the Ankole zone, the main impacted Districts are Sembabule, Kiruhura and Ibanda.. During the construction phase, a number of activities will be done some of which will have socio environmental implications. These will include the following: -  Line route survey, profiling & production of final construction design;  Clearing of Right-Of-Way (ROW) as necessary along the road reserve, especially clearing trees and bushes;  Construction of line structures, accessories and conductors; xi  ;  Construction of the low voltage reticulation for the covered Rural Growth Centres and upcoming Towns;  Possible Construction of storage facilities for the project materials;  Transport operations supporting the facilities above. While conducting the EA for the Project Brief, the Policy, Legal and Institutional set up within which the electrification project will be managed was reviewed and discussed. This is necessary to enable the project comply with the Environmental law. Existing Environmental and Social Economic Conditions of the Project Area The EA baseline information has been based on both a review of the available secondary information, discussions with a cross section of stakeholders and field findings which were conducted at various times since March 2012. Biophysical Environment: - The project area has been divided into two zones which are the Bunyoro and Ankole zones. The line in the Bunyoro zone covers three distinct sections. From Masindi through the Budongo CFR in Buliisa District up to the edge of the Rift Valley beyond Biiso, the line passes through rolling terrain with rich agricultural lands interspersed with patches of High tropical forest. There is 3.7 kilometre stretch along the Budongo CFR in Buliisa district which presents a different ecology but the terrain remains hilly and rolling. From Nyamasoga (after Biiso) to the base at Butiaba junction is the escarpment which is characterised by a steep almost vertical slope with a drop of over 300 metres. The Rift Valley runs up to the end of the proposed line at both Butiaba and Wanseko on Lake Albert. There are a number of perennial rivers that drain into Lake Albert which include the Waki, Kanyanyara, Sonso, Weisoke, and Waiga Rivers. Within The Bunyoro Zone, the project area encompasses the whole range of ecological zones falling under two major ecosystems (the agro-ecosystem- which consists of planted woodlots, agriculture, domesticated plants and exotic species) and a mixture of forest remnants, wetlands riverine/swamp forests, woodland, bush lands and grassland savannah mosaic. As for Buliisa the vegetation along the proposed Distribution line is characterised as Dry Hyparrhenia Grassland Savanna. Dominant species are Hyparrhenia filipendula and Hyparrhenia dissoluta. The dominant woody species include Acacia hockii, Acacia sieberiana, Balanites aegyptiaca, Borassus aethiopicum, Erythrina tomentosa, Kigelia africana and Piliostigma thonningii. Part of the line passes through a section of the Budongo CFR where the most impacted species will be the fast growing species mostly of the genera Funtumia, Markhamia, Maesopsis and Antiaris. These are not expected to significantly affect the ecology of the forest. xii The line in the Ankole zone passes through the districts of Ibanda, Kiruhura and Sembabule. Most of the Ankole Zone is characterized by short and undulating hills with wide valleys. Due to the fairly dry climate (Kiruhura and Sembabule are part of Uganda’s cattle corridor), the valleys are mostly dry and the wetlands there in are mostly seasonal. Although the drainage is mostly towards Lake George and Edward further South in Kasese and Bunyaruguru districts, the area can be described as water stressed. Within the Ankole zone, Acacia gerrardii dominates faunal communities which are considered to have been derived from a thicket climax by burning and grazing. Grazing is evident in most of the study area. The woody cover is mostly between 20 and 40 percent and consists overwhelmingly Acacia and Combretum species. There are numerous instances of thicket regeneration following a reduction in the intensity of the annual fires, and small thickets on anthills are a feature of this region. Grasses and herbs layer on the anthills is dominated by Panicum maximum, Brachiaria brizantha, Digitaria diagnosis, Hyparrhenia diplandra, Eragrostis racemosa, Imperata cylindrica, Asparagus africana, Lantana camara and Vernonia amygdalena Socio Cultural environment: Within the Bunyoro Zone, the Distribution lines run through the Districts of Hoima, Masindi and Buliisa passing through the sub counties of Budongo in Masindi District, Kyabigambire in Hoima District and the sub counties of Budongo, Biso, Kigwera, Butiaba and Buliisa Town council in Buliisa District. In all these areas the dominant land tenure is customary land tenure system. Most of the project area is within a rural setting with the majority of the houses being either temporary or semi permanent. There are a number of Trading Centres and Rural Growth Centres that will benefit from the grid extension. The main centres to benefit include Biiso Town Council, Butiaba landing site, Bugoigo landing site, Buliisa Town council as well as Wanseko landing site. Housing within the towns, (Biiso, Buliisa) tend to be permanent houses with some acceptable western/Indian architectural concepts. Within the rural set up prior to Biiso, most of the homesteads are widely scattered. A survey conducted for this study, showed that electricity is welcome in the project area and that the majority of respondents (81.8%) strongly needed electricity for lighting their houses and work places as well as for providing security lighting. Very few people expect to use it for cooking while about 12.9% will use it for operating workshops/ industrial purposes such as welding, manufacturing and grains milling if it were to be provided. These were followed by 2.8% of respondents who needed electricity for cooking. The dominant economic activity within the project area is subsistence agriculture. Beyond Biiso in Buliisa District, livestock is also a major source of livelihood. Goats and sheep are also a source of income especially within Buliisa District. The major agricultural crops in Hoima xiii District (which are also a source of income to many of the communities) include bananas, beans, Soya beans, rice, sweet potatoes, cassava, ground nuts, and maize as well as Fruit trees which include jack – fruits and mangoes. The traditional cash crops include cotton, tobacco, tea and coffee. Within the Ankole Zone, the Distribution lines run through the Districts of Ibanda, Kiruhura and Sembabule, passing through the sub counties of Ishongororo and Nyamarebe in Ibanda District as well as the sub counties of Buremba, Rwemikoma, Burunga and Kinoni in Kiruhura District and through the Sub County of Lwemiyaga in Sembabule District where the dominant land tenure system is customary with an increasing number of dairy farmers beginning to have their land leased. The dominant ethnic composition in Kiruhura and Ibanda Districts are the Banyankole with an increasing number of Bakiga in both Ibanda and Kiruhura most of whom have come as workers on farms. In all the three Districts, firewood continues to be the main power source for cooking and heating. An increasing number of houses had solar energy for lighting with the majority depending on kerosene. There are a number of Milk cooling centres that use thermal generator for provision of electric power. Such milk coolers will benefit from the power project. Nevertheless, housing in Kiruhhura district is well developed with most of the dairy farms having good permanent residential structures. These are the type that can use electricity easily. In Ibanda, there is a mixture of settlements with some being clustered and those on dairy farms being scattered. There are a number of Trading Centres and Rural Growth Centres that will benefit from the grid extension. The main centres to benefit include Kashozi, Bihanga, Kanyarigiri, Buremba, Nkungu, Migina, Buhembe, Kijuma, Rwemikooma and Burunga. In Sembabule District the Sub county to be impacted is Lwemiyaga and the parishes of Lwensakale and kakoma will be impacted. The RGCs of Lwemiyaga, Kyera, and Kakoma, and Mpumudde will benefit from the grid extension. All these will have transformers of 50KVA or above. Access to safe water within the area is good with the majority of the respondents getting their domestic water from boreholes (37%) followed by those who collect from protected wells (24%) and 5% get harvested rain water contributing to a total of 66% of good portable water Analysis of alternatives xiv As the distribution line was poised to traverse a section of the CFR (albeit along the demarcated Road Reserve), it was imperative that a number of alternatives are considered to arrive at the most optimum alternative. In order to do this, a multi-criteria analysis approach was adapted. The results are shown in table 0.1 below. From these findings option A and B were the preferred choices. Option A was recommended. show that the lowest score is the most optimum while the highest score is the least desired (where Option A = Passing along the Road reserve with overhead conductors, Option B = Passing along the road reserve with underground cables, Option C = By passing around the CFR, Option D = Connecting from two different Sources without going into the CFR and the do nothing option E). xv Table 0-1Multi-Criteria Analysis for the five Options for the Masindi - Waki, Hoima - Bulindi and Rushere – Rwemikoma - Kabagole 33KV Distribution line Project Variable Impact Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Removal of Biodiversity of conservation value 0.4 0.2 0.35 0.2 0.1 Ease of maintenance of the line 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.4 0 Cost of construction of the line 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.8 0 Actual distance covered by the line 0.027 0.027 0.3 0.78 0 Providing additional services to communities 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.9 Impact on wetlands across the line 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.1 Benefit to the economy due to grid extension 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.9 Impact on Infrastructure 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 Ease of dealing with Impacted communities 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.2 Impact on Burial grounds / cultural sites 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 Impact on Trading Centres 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.8 Disruption of Communities 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.1 Estimated Compensation Costs 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.1 Total score 3.227 3.227 5.65 6.48 3.5 From the MCA above, it is surprising that Option A and B are comparable and the more preferred options based on the selected Environmental and social indicators and taking into consideration the negative environmental / social Impacts of the Distribution Line construction, Option D is the least preferred choice. As a result of this analysis, the client will have to make a choice between Option A and Option B. Significant Environmental Impacts and proposed Mitigation measures: - The Environmental Assessment mainly relied on expert judgment of the team and information derived from, existing literature, field observations and records as well as Information from consultations with key stakeholders in the project area. A number of potential Impacts were identified for both the construction and the operational phases of the power distribution Project. Apart from the negative impacts, there were also positive Impacts. These would mostly be observed after the construction phase although there are some short term benefits during the actual construction. Positive impacts include: - xvi  Reduced environmental degradation (future potential) due possible reduction in cutting of trees for firewood and the burning of charcoal;  Job Creation mainly for casual workers during construction;  Improved general life skills for those locals who may get employed on the project;  Improved quality of production and work after the power has become operational and possible work satisfaction and increased efficiency;  Improved standards in schools which have hitherto not had electricity; The Tables 0.2 and 0.3 below provide a summary of the identified impacts during both construction and operation of the line respectively. Table 0.2: Environmental Impacts during Distribution Line Construction Ite Environmental Mitigation Measures m Impacts during Line Construction 1 Land take and loss of  Ensure that land take is minimized by following the road crops along the ROW alignment for the distribution line. and access points  Compensate all crops and trees at the going rates and in line with the latest specific District Compensation rates 2 Impact on Water  Only the existing roads will be used and no construction of sources due to Soil roads will be encouraged; erosion  No poles will be constructed within drainage lines;  Excavations within drainage canals will not be allowed even if of a temporary nature 3 Although the  Clearance for construction work and inspection shall be wetlands to be limited to the necessary extent. crossed are few,  At completion of construction works areas not needed for there are potential the distribution process will be replanted as long as the impacts in the vicinity security of the line is not impeded ensuring that indigenous of the wetlands species are used in the replanting; within the  When relevant, the holes for poles in wetland areas shall be construction corridor back filled using imported suitable gravel material in such for the Power line: quantities that will be just enough to stabilize the hole with no extra soil to silt the wetland. Excess soils will be evacuated;  H and/or M – member structures (thus long span length) shall be used in wetland areas in order to avoid/minimise the impact on wetland areas 4 Impact on loss of  Ensure that the habitats are not disturbed by limiting the vegetation and Line along the road reserve of the existing road alignment. habitats  Limit clearance for construction work and inspection to the necessary extent.  Remove as much vegetation as possible by hand and avoid the use of heavy machinery, especially in sloping areas and sensitive areas xvii Table 0.2: Environmental Impacts during Distribution Line Construction Ite Environmental Mitigation Measures m Impacts during Line Construction 5 Noise , Vibration and  Where necessary, Promote dust abatement measures such fugitive dust and as control of construction traffic speed limits; emissions - Increased  Maintain and inspect all equipment and machinery to ensure Dust and air that they are in good working order and do not produce pollution; excessive fumes and noise,  Workers who can make a lot of noise will be cautioned so that they do not make unnecessary noise during construction;  Maintain safety measures in order to ensure the health and well-being of the workers.  All workers will be required to wear full PPE especially those operating cranes and those adjacent to such noise emitters.  Vehicles transporting materials will be required to observe speed limits especially within population centres in order to reduce dust levels;  During extremely dry conditions when dust becomes a major hazard, dust suppression measures will be undertaken near working areas especially if they are close to settlements. Such suppression measures include water spraying using water sprinkler vehicles to sprinkle the road networks leading to the locations under construction regularly; 6 Possible Population  The Project Management will closely work with leadership influx especially the LCs to hire local people to do most of the casual jobs at the project in response to numerous calls by respondents;  Identification tags / uniform will be provided to all the workers supposed to be working on the project sites and such identifications which will be property of the Project management will be withdrawn from workers when not engaged in the project work;  Good public relations will be maintained between the local community, the Local leadership and the Contractor / Developer; 7 Security of  The Project Management will sensitise the community about Construction the negative effects of stealing and vandalising electrical materials installation through radio announcements and at community meetings.  During construction the developer to hire only those workers who have been vetted by their local LC councils/Chairpersons;  Equipment to be guarded during construction and all xviii Table 0.2: Environmental Impacts during Distribution Line Construction Ite Environmental Mitigation Measures m Impacts during Line Construction workers will be provided with identification tags to reduce intruders to working areas;  Identification tags will be provided to all the workers supposed to be working on the project sites and such identifications which will be property of the Project management will be withdrawn from workers when not engaged in the project work;  Registered Security Guards should be recruited to specifically guard project property.  Work hand in hand with local security officials including the Secretary for Defence at the local level (LC); 8 Settlements and  The design of the distribution lines will pass along the road structures reserve which are devoid of settlements  The communities to be sensitised regarding the dangers of high voltage overhead conductors.  In the event a pole or any structure targets a house, then changes will be made in the design to avoid disrupting such a house / structure; 9 Hazardous materials  REA will adhere to their stated procurement guidelines and waste which ensure that all their transformers shall conform to latest edition of appropriate EC specifications and/or other recognized International Standards in particular: IEC 60060, IEC60071, IEC60076, IEC, IEC 60137, IEC 60156, IEC 60126, IEC60354, IEC 60529, IEC60551, IEC60606, IEC60616, IEC60722, IEC60733, B.S. 148 and BS5493; and  All transformers shall be filled to the required level with new, unused, clean, standard mineral oil in compliance with IEC296 and shall be free from traces of polychlorinated biphenyl (PBCs) compounds.  Poles should be pre-treated or impregnated with creosote at a designated facility to ensure chemical fixation and prevent leaching into the soil among others. 10 Impacts due to  The workers camp should not be constructed, although construction and equipment storage areas will be necessary. operation of a  Land take related to the equipment storage areas will be workers camp; fully and promptly compensated for in accordance with the Law or they will rent the land and pay in line with current established rates.  Proper sanitation facilities will be put in place at the campsite/Equipment Storage Area;  The Contractor shall be required to submit a Waste Management Plan for the equipment storage area. Other xix Table 0.2: Environmental Impacts during Distribution Line Construction Ite Environmental Mitigation Measures m Impacts during Line Construction bio-degradable domestic waste will be dumped in a pit while polythene and plastic materials will be collected and recycled. There are a number of factories which have specialised in recycling plastics.  Hazardous waste such as torch batteries will be containerized and later disposed off through established waste disposal agencies;  Other hazardous waste arising out of chemicals at the camp or equipment storage areas will be discharged in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions;  Oils and other petroleum products will be containerised so that they are not allowed to sip into the ground and into the water bodies. Instead they will be sold off or reused as appropriate;  Bins for solid waste collection to be placed at the contractor’s camp and or equipment storage area to ensure that any hazardous waste (Torch Batteries, Oils, and polythene papers etc) are separately collected and disposed off in accordance with the law.  Separate bins for recyclable materials to be provided. 11  Safety of workers  Put in place Warning Signs on approaches to the working and community areas (especially at corners/ bends, or stringing across the road) to warn bona fide travellers so that they do not get involved in related incidents since the operational areas are near the roads  Fence off equipment storage areas and camp sites to discourage idlers to the sites and put in place fire safety measures;  Sensitise the community through the media and meetings at local levels;  Workers on project activities will be supplied with full Personnel Protection Equipment (PPE) particularly with respect to boots gloves and helmets;  Warn School children through education and sensitisation about the likely dangers of loitering within the construction zone area.  A First-Aid kit to be provided at every active working site and at the equipment storage area / camp. It should be supplied and managed by the Contractor;  The Contractor will partner with some of the key NGOs in the area to sensitise communities about HIV/AIDS;  During the construction phase, workers should be sensitised xx Table 0.2: Environmental Impacts during Distribution Line Construction Ite Environmental Mitigation Measures m Impacts during Line Construction about HIV/AIDS while condoms (both male and female) will be distributed among the workforce. Table 0.3: Environmental Impacts during Distribution Line Operation Ite Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures m during Line Operation 1 Bio- physical concerns  Ensure that there is a gap of at least 4.0 metres during operation of the between energised lines and ground line equipments/earthling. In this way the potential for electrocuting ground based animals will be reduced.  Design the line with auto-reclosers at certain points. These reclosers are designed to detect fault on the line and switch it off and try to reclose it after a certain period say 3minutes. The recloser will make three attempts and then leave the line open for someone to physically come and investigate.  Ensure the power cables are properly spaced so that colliding of birds with power cables is minimised; 2  Potential for  In liaison with the Local Government Authorities, the electrocution during Developer will sensitise communities about the dangers operation of the Line of exposed high voltage live wires. This may be done through schools and publication of relevant pamphlets in the local language. Sensitization meetings shall be conducted in major load centres.  Prominent warning signs will be affixed at all installations to warn the intending intruders from touching the lines or fixtures. Warning signs will be in Bright colours such as red or yellow/amber;  Communities will be sensitised to report immediately they observe a sagging wire or one that has fallen to the ground;  Maintenance personnel will be vigilant inspecting the lines regularly; 3 Bush Burning Impacts  Communities be sensitised against bush burning;  The Local Government should enforce the law against bush burning;  The developer or the appointed agent to operate the power distribution may be encouraged to give incentives to people who report those responsible for starting bush fires;  The developer to put in place surveillance mechanisms to reduce this impact. xxi The EA Project Brief statement also provides a time and action bound work plan showing who will address the different impacts and how they will be addressed. The cost of implementing mitigation measures has been estimated at Uganda shilling 46 Million excluding the estmates for RAP and its implementation. Conclusion This Project Brief report highlights the potential impacts to the environment particularly as they relate to the 33kv Masindi – Waki – Buliisa, and –Nkonge - Kashozi 33kv Distribution Lines and the associated low voltage networks (415/240V) project in the Districts of Masindi, Hoima and Buliisa as well as of Ibanda, Kiruhura and Sembabule. A number of benefits have been highlighted and this Project Brief proposes measures to enhance these benefits as they affect the stakeholder community. Mitigation measures and a proposal to put in place implementation plan have been proposed to ensure that the development is done within the confines of the law with minimum damage to the environment. The cost of implementing the RAP excluding RAP and those amounts to be included in the BOQs is UGX 99,200,000/= xxii ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESMENT FOR THE PROPOSED MASINDI – WAKI - BULIISA, AND –NKONGE - KASHOZI 33KV DISTRIBUTION LINE AND ASSOCIATED LOW VOLTAGE NETWORKS 1 Chapter 1: - INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview This Project Brief (PB) Statement is based on the findings of the preliminary survey as well as the detailed survey that was conducted during the months April and May 2012. It also is compliant with the terms of the contract agreement signed between the Government of the Republic of Uganda represented by the Rural Electrification Board of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development on one hand and appointed consultant - RESCO on the other hand to provide consultancy services in Environment Assessment (EA) and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the proposed 33 kv Masindi - Waki -Buliisa and Nkonge - Kashozi Rural Electrification Projects Under Energy For Rural Transformation Phase II. This project brief for the Environment Assessment, presents the findings of an assessment of the environmental and social implications of the proposed Masindi – Waki - Buliisa, and –Nkonge - Kashozi 33kv Distribution Lines projects in the Districts of Masindi, Hoima, Buliisa, Ibanda, Kiruhura & Sembabule and the associated low voltage networks (415/240V). A screening exercise was conducted by the Rural Electricity Agency (REA) prior to this study from whose findings they concluded that a Project Brief would be adequate to mitigate the potential environmental impacts which will arise as a result of the implementation of this electrification project. This Project Brief therefore, is expected to inform the overall project planning and design process for the proposed development. In addition, this PB is further intended to provide information that will facilitate decision-making by the Executive Director of NEMA on the developer’s application. 1.2 Background In order to implement this program, the Government of Uganda has received financing from the World Bank (WB) towards the cost of the Energy for Rural transformation Project Phase II and has asked for Consultancy Services to Undertake An Environmental Assessment (EA) and prepare a Project Brief (PB) detailing the potential impacts of the project for the proposed 33kV Distribution line Lines of Masindi – Waki - Buliisa, and –Nkonge - Kashozi. This is expected to cover the 33kV electricity distribution grid – extension lines and the associated low voltage networks. The project area is in western Uganda in the Districts of Masindi, Buliisa, Hoima, Ibanda, Kiruhura and Sembabule. The project consists of 33kV lines of at least a total route length of 352km and associated low voltage networks at a number of 1 Trading Centres (TC) and Rural Growth Centres (RGC). It is in two parts as outlined below and shown in Annex 1a and 1b as Line Maps showing the RGCs and proposed transformers: =  Masindi – Waki – Buliisa (177Km) in Masindi, Hoima and Buliisa Districts;  Nkonge-Kashozi (175km) in Sembabule, Kiruhura and Ibanda Districts. Government is currently in the process of implementing rural electrification projects in priority areas under the Energy for Rural Transformation Project Phase II. This consultancy assignment is financed from the Rural Electrification Fund (REF) under the Rural Electrification Agency (REA). An Environmental Assessment (EA) for the proposed development is a prerequisite for the construction of the proposed lines. This report therefore is the Project Brief for the EA for the proposed construction of the Power Distribution Lines and associated low Voltage Networks in selected Trading Centres (TC) and Rural Growth Centres (RGC) within the project affected Districts of Masindi, Buliisa, Hoima, Ibanda, Kiruhura and SembabuleA separate RAP has been commissioned to which this project brief will contribute. In order to minimise resettlement concerns, the lines have been designed to move along the existing road alignments and where the grid structures coincides with a building or cukltural site (grave) the structure will be shifted to a nearby location. 1.3 Project Objective The main objective of this project is to provide electricity to rural areas in parts of Western Uganda which have hitherto not been on the Grid. The affected districts are Masindi, Buliisa, Hoima, Ibanda, Kiruhura and Sembabule. In this regard, Trading Centres and Rural Growth Centres along the road will be supplied with transformers of different capacities based on the projected power consumption of the area. Furthermore, prominent farmers, service providers such as those operating Milk Cooling centres in Kiruhura and Sembabule districts as well as some light industries will also be targeted by this grid extension. This is to be done in the context of the Energy for Rural Transformation Project (Phase II) under the Rural Electrification Agency (REA) in the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development (MEMD). 1.4 Name, Title and Address of the Developer The developer is a designated Agency of the following details: - Rural Electrification Agency Plot 10, Windsor Loop, House of Hope, 2nd Floor (Behind City Oil Kamwokya) P.O.Box 7317 Kampala- Uganda. Tel: 0312 264095/264103/4/4 Fax 04141 346013 Email: rea@rea.or.ug website: www.rea.or.ug 2 1.5 Cost of the development The project construction costs are estimated to be US $ 7,044,333.13, (US Dollars Seven Million forty four thousand three hundred thirty three dollars and thirteen cents, broken down as follows:  Masindi – Waki – Buliisa line = US $ 3,545,606.54; and  Nkonge – Kashozi line = US $ 3,498,726.59. 1.6 Objective of the Report This EA report is presented in form of a detailed Project Brief which has been compiled in accordance with National Environment Act Cap 153, guidelines for conducting an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) and the World Bank’s (WB) Operational Safeguard Policies in particular and Donor safeguards in general. The purpose of this Project Brief is to identify the potential impacts that the proposed Masindi – Waki – Buliisa and Nkonge – Kashozi 33kv Distribution Line projects in the six Districts of Masindi, Buliisa, Hoima, Ibanda, Kiruhura and Sembabule will have on both the bio–physical and social environments. During this study, potential impacts of all proposed project components have been assessed. These mainly relate to construction impacts, Land take for the Right of Way (ROW), wetland management in affected areas, impacts on fragile ecosystem and social impacts on both the workers and the general community including issues related to HIV/AIDS prevalence and prevention, ., the construction of workers camps (should it be necessary) and storage facilities for project material (especially wooden poles and materials) during the construction phase of the Distribution Lines projects. In order to achi9eve the above mentioned objective, this Project Brief:  documents the baseline biophysical and social environmental conditions;  highlights how the proposed project complies with Uganda’s applicable National Environmental and Social Legal Requirements as well as those of the World Bank and other appropriate Multilateral Lenders and Development Partners;  details the potential negative and positive impacts of the said 33kv Distribution line Project;  proposes recommendations for the mitigation of the identified potential environmental and social impacts; and  establishes a link between the EA and supporting Resettlement Action Plan (RAP); 1.7 Project Justification The proposed 33kv Masindi - Waki - Buliisa and –Nkonge - Kashozi Distribution lines project is in line with the National Rural Electrification Programme. Currently the affected parishes have no source of electricity apart from occasional generators and solar power among a few rich people and entertainment centres. In a place like 3 Kiruhura district where there is a relatively high number of Milk Cooling plants, the generators are the only sources of energy to operate the milk cooling plants. Most of the people in the Bunyoro zone use paraffin for lighting with a significant number still using fuel wood to provide lighting. Although in the Ankole zone, there is an increasing population using solar energy for lighting, the general situation is not that different. The project falls in two distinct zones where the first zone covers the so called Bunyoro axis comprising the districts of Masindi, Hoima and Buliisa. The second zone covers the Ankole axis which is located in the districts of Ibanda, Kiruhura and Sembabule. The community in the Bunyoro axis is mixed with increased migrations due to the ongoing petroleum related activities. The immigrants and the new oil related opportunities are going to increase the demand for grid electricity in the region. Within Kiruhura, the main activity is dairy cattle rearing which has generated a lot of milk requiring milk cooling plants that operate on electricity. Subsequently this project will be critical to concretising the developments which have been planned in both zones by providing sustainable power to the area. It will enhance implementation of the Rural Electrification Program, and improve the living conditions of the affected people. 1.8 Project location As stated above the project falls in two major zones which are the Bunyoro and Ankole zones. Within the Bunyoro zone, it covers the Districts of Masindi, Buliisa and Hoima. As for the Ankole zone, the main impacted Districts are Kiruhura and Sembabule. A small part of Ibanda District is also impacted within the Sub Counties of Ishongororo and Nyamarebe covering one Parish in each. However the immediate impact of this project will be along the entire length of the proposed power lines which is approximately 352km in both zones of Bunyoro and Ankole. The Line Diagram for the Bunyoro zone 33kv Interconnector is attached as Annex 1a while that for the Ankole zone interconnector is attached as Annex 1b. The respective maps are shown in Fig 1-1 and fig 1-2. Fig 1-1: Map of Masindi – Buliisa - Hoima zone 4 Mr Balindas Team Please insert Maps If not possible to insert here, please attach maps as annex/ appendix Source: 5 Fiog 1-2: Map of Ibanda – Kiruhura (Ankole Zone) Mr Balindas Team Please insert Maps If not possible to insert here, please attach maps as annex/ appendix 6 1.9 Project Description The total length of the proposed power line is 352 Km. Running from Masindi –Waki- Buliisa (177Km) and Nkonge - Kashozi (175Km) The Masindi-Waki-Buliisa RE project involves construction of a 177 km long 33 kV overhead line using AAAC100 mm2 conductor from Bulindi to Wanseko and Environs and installation of associated distribution substations and low voltage networks. The Nkonge-Kashozi section involves construction of about 175 km long 33kV overhead line using AAAC100 mm2 from Nkonge substation to Mugore Trading Centre with spurs to Tangiriza (5.2km), Keintanturegye (33.5km), Kabagole (8.6km) and Kashozi (48.9km) trading centres and installation of associated distribution substations and low voltage networks. The key activities associated with the construction of the two sets of Distribution lines is associated with: -  Construction of line structures, accessories and conductors;  Construction of the 33 kV Distribution Lines  Clearing of Right-Of-Way (ROW) as necessary along the road reserve;  Construction or renting storage area/ facilities for the project materials 1.10 Materials and methods (Technical consideration) 1.10.1 Overhead Power Lines Route The proposed overhead 33kv power Distribution Line will be constructed along the existing road reserves so as to minimize the negative environmental and social impacts. The main drive for this power route was to serve the villages and upcoming Rural Growth Centres together with other institutions such as schools, hospitals, Milk cooling centres and upcoming industries and entertainment centres among others. 1.10.2 Voltage Levels Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Ltd (UETCL) uses voltage levels of 132kV and 66kV at transmission. UMEME the electric power distribution company uses 33kv and 11kV at Sub-transmission/distribution, and 415/240V for low voltage distribution. The proposed power line length for the entire two zones is approximately 352Km the reason why a voltage level of 33kvV was selected for sub-transmission and 415/240 for LV distribution. 7 The proposed 33kv power line shall be 3-phase throughout with three line conductors in horizontal flat formation and a continuous earth wiring running along above the three conductors. 1.10.3 Three-Phase Versus Single-Phase Three phase sub-transmission is favoured mainly because of its advantage in terms of conductor size for a given load. This criterion applies when the conductor requirement due to the load is higher than the requirement for the mechanical resistance of the line. Usually in these Rural Electrification Schemes, the loads are initially very light and the criterion would not apply. Therefore, single phase line would be indicated either as Two Wire Neutral Return (TWNR) or Single-Wire Earth Return (SWER). This could offer considerable cost reductions as compared to three phase lines. However, from the consumer side, the single-phase schemes do not allow three-phase loads to be supplied and the cost savings have to be balanced against the possible drawbacks to the large consumers who may have to procure large single phase motors at higher prices. A three phase 33kv line was therefore selected and considered more suitable. 1.10.4 Conductors The conductor selected is AAAC100 (100m2 All Aluminium Alloy Conductor) for the main line and AAAC50 for short spurs, transformer T-Offs and all LV distribution networks. The size was selected as the most economical for anticipated loads taking into account line losses. The type AAAC as compared to ACSR (Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced), and AAC (All Aluminium Conductor) was selected because it does not find a ready market with the Aluminium Hallow-ware manufacturers who normally buy vandalized ACSR and ACC Conductors. 1.10.5 Poles Creosote treated wooden poles were selected because of their availability, cost as well as the technical skills available to handle such poles. Concrete and Mild steel poles were considered as the second option and mainly because of cost and non- availability of concrete ones, these two poles have not been used in Uganda. Creosote was selected for treatment in preference to Tanalith due to the poor experience in Uganda of Tanalith treated poles. There seems to be a problem with Tanalith treated poles since they seem to start rotting after a short time as short as two years. 1.10.6 Insulators Pin type porcelain insulators will be generally used rigidly mounted on a steel cross- arm on top of the pole. These are passive materials without any effect on the 8 environment. The design takes into account wind gusts of up to 80 knots. The insulators a rigidly mounted but the conductors can swing in the wind. The design has allowed for swings at maximum loads without the conductors touching. 1.10.7 Line Construction The 33kv power lines will be constructed mainly with 12m high creosote treated wooden poles, with an average spacing of 110m. The holes for the wooden poles will be of diameter 350mm and depth of 2000mm. The holes for poles in wetland areas shall be back filled using imported suitable gravel material. In water logged areas, metallic drums shall be used to house the poles. Steel wire (7/4.00) stay sets will be installed at intermediate angle poles, section poles, T-offs and terminal structures. The stay wires shall be anchored by a stay block buried at depth of 2.0m and about 3m from the base of the pole. The stay block shall consist of 1000mm long creosote treated woodblock or 300mm x300mmx300mm concrete block. In addition to that, H-type or M-type section poles shall be erected every 1.5km and each H-type or M-type pole consists of two/three poles respectively erected 2m or 1m respectively apart with one cross-arm together with four stay sets installed along the line corridor. At heavy angles, the stay wire will be installed at 45 degrees angle from the pole. It is estimated that more than 700, 12m wooden poles will be required for the 33kv line. The minimum clearance required for the 33kv line from the ground or highest water level will be 6.0m and 3m from the nearest point on a building. The clearance from the edge of the road shall be a minimum of 2m. The LV distribution network will require approximately 1000, 10m wooden poles. The distance between poles for the LV distribution is 50m maximum. 1.10.8 Transformers At each load centre, a sub-station of appropriate capacity say 25KVA, 50KVA, 100KVA, 315KVA, shall be established to distribute power to the local consumers. Each sub- station consists of a transformer which will step down the voltage from 33kv to 415V 3phase or 240 single phase. Most of the consumers will require a single phase supply. In future, when larger consumers (such as those with motor loads and heavy machinery such as those used for stone quarying and coffee processing plants), are established these will require 3 phase supply. The transformers shall be mounted on poles depending on the size. 25KVA will be mounted on a single pole. 50KVA, 100KVA and 315KVA will be mounted on an H-pole. This consists of two poles with the transformer mounted on a steel platform between the two poles. 9 The transformers are made of a steel tank with copper coils immersed I mineral oil in the tank. Possible impacts are oil leakage, transformer burning due to overloads, possible vandalisation to steal the oil. 1.10.9 Connections to Consumer’s Premises Connections to Consumer’s premises shall be by an overhead solidal cable. The connection for a consumer in the trading centres where the power line passes may require no pole; whereas for those consumers further away from the distribution network one or more additional pole may be required. The premises to be connected will have to be properly wired and inspected by an authorized person for safety. All consumer connections shall be through a pre-paid energy meter. Rural Electrification Agency (REA) will put in place an Institutional arrangement to take charge of the operation of the line and the consumers. 10 2 CHAPTER 2: PREPARATION OF THE PROJECT BRIEF (METHODOLOGY) 2.1 Background In general, the proposed EA will be in line with the provisions governing ESIA procedures as contained in the National Environment Act Cap 153, The Environment Impact Assessment Guidelines, 1997; the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 1998 as well as Safeguard Policies of the WB. A team of environmental practitioners was dispatched to the project area covering the six districts of Masindi, Buliisa and Hoima in the Bunyoro zone, and the Districts of Ibanda, Kiruhura and Sembabule in the Ankole zone. This was done so as to physically document the baseline characteristics, identify and assess the likely impacts and determine their magnitude resulting from the construction activities of the line. In addition a number of key stakeholders were consulted to discuss the likely impacts and potential mitigation options. During this survey the following were undertaken:  Identification of key components of the existing physical and biological and socioeconomic environment of the project area were identified;  Description of all project activities to be carried out during the lifespan of the project was done;  Identification of the social and environment concerns;  Recommendations for mitigation and monitoring measures to be implemented during both the construction and operation of the 33kv distribution line in order to avoid or minimize the negative impacts; Specifically, the following approach was adopted: - 2.2 Project Strategy In accordance with guidelines for Environmental Assessment, this Environmental Assessment was conducted by a multidisciplinary team to ensure that the emerging concerns have been addressed. Subsequently, a number of specialists including the Team Leader (An experienced environmental assessment specialist), Sociologist of many years experience in social and environmental assessment and among others a Plant Ecologist were each assigned to collect information in accordance with their specialisations. The methods which were used in identification of environmental issues included consultations with civic leaders and local communities, physical inspection of the proposed power line site and professional judgment by the Consultant. 11 2.3 Site Surveys The entire length of the Distribution Line was inspected from the beginning to the end, including areas where Tee-Offs and the associated low voltage networks have been plotted. This was done to enable the consultant assess the potential environmental impacts that may be caused by the grid extension activities. 2.4 Social, Physical and Biological Environment The EA team inspected the physical environment and the state of the biodiversity in the project area. It also surveyed the prevailing status with respect to the social environment (particularly employment, livelihood and health). With respect to social concerns, a questionnaire was served to the likely to be impacted people in order to determine their social characteristics. This project does not envisage relocation or large amounts of land take since most of the works will be along or within the Road Reserve; and the project is not mandated to acquire land. Nevertheless, the social-economic aspects of the project have been adequately covered in this assessment for the Project Brief. 2.5 Literature Review Appropriate literature review was carried out. It covered the relevant Environmental Laws, Environmental Guidelines, and existing State of the Environment Reports for Masindi, Hoima, Buliisa, Ibanda, Kiruhura and Sembabule Districts. In addition, the team took note of the Donor Safeguards and Guidelines particularly the World Bank Assessment Source Book and its updates. Any existing research data such as the population statistics for the area was accessed and analysed accordingly. 2.6 Public Participation During the study, the EA team consulted key stakeholders including those identified in Table 1 below. Moreover the project impacted people were also sensitised as shown in the sensitisation schedule shown in Annex 2 to this brief. The List of contacted people is shown under Annex 3 to this report. Table 1: Stakeholder Analysis for Masindi - Waki, Hoima - Bulindi and Rushere – Rwemikoma - Kabagole Distribution lines Stakeholder Relevance Opportunity Threat Link 1 Ministry of Energy and Provides Policy Supports energy Failure to implement Electricity Mineral Development guidelines on activities within National Policies on Act Energy Uganda Power Production production, Use, and and management Transmission/Distrib in Uganda. ution 2 Rural Electrification Construct and Well prepared to Limited resources to Electricity Agency (REA) distribute power distribute the buy and distribute Act 12 to the rural areas power in the the power to rural not served by the rural areas areas. UEDCL 3 National Environment Ensures Will support Blind application of National Management Environmental environmental the law without Environment Authority (NEMA) Compliance and compliance for considering Act regulates the benefit of all mitigation factors activities that stakeholders affect the environment; 4 Local Governments of Administrative Has capacity to The Local Local the Districts of Units to provide mobilize Government Government Masindi, Buliisa, enabling communities as displeasure can s Act 1997 Hoima, Ibanda, environment for well as translate to project Kiruhura, & the project at overseeing any failure Sembabule local level grievance that might arise Distribution line project from LCV to LC1s 5 Ministry of Lands, Survey and Facilitates land Can overestimate orThe Land Act Housing and Urban Valuation of transfer and underestimate the Cap 227, Development; properties and or compensation if Constitution, values distorting the compensation necessary market and Compensati on Policy 6 Ministry of Water and Responsible for Supports Blind application of National Environment the environmental the law without Environment environmental compliance for considering Act Cap 153 concerns the benefit of all mitigation factors including stakeholders wetlands, water bodies and Natural resources; 7 The National Responsible for Responsible for Failure to corporate The National Forestry Authority Central Forest all Central will block passage of Forestry and Reserves (CFR) Reserve forests distribution lines Tree such as the in Uganda through the CFR Planting Act Budongo CFR in the project area 8 Project Affected This includes all The PAPs could PAP may threaten Project is People (PAP) along the PAPs who will improve workforce for lack within their the proposed line in be impacted to livelihood by of public relations. area. the Impacted Districts some degree; taking advantage of Masindi, Buliisa, of the project. Hoima, Ibanda, Kiruhura & Sembabule 13 9 The Uganda Wildlife Responsible for Responsible for Failure to corporate Wildlife Act Autirty (UWA) Wuildlife within the Bugungu may expose the the gazetted Wild Life reserve wildlife to nefgative Game / wildlife whose boundary impacts. reserves. coincides with the line. 2.7 Impact Assessment Methodology The impact assessment mainly relied on expert judgment of the team and information derived from existing literature, field observations, records and Information from consultations with key stakeholders in the project area. The potential impacts were analyzed according to the impact assessment methodology outlined below, with significance ratings (from insignificant to very high) assigned to each potential impact. The methodology considered the standard characteristics of potential impacts, including extent, intensity (or magnitude), duration and probability (likelihood of the impact occurring). The significance of an impact is defined as a combination of the consequence of the impact occurring and the probability that the impact will occur. The criteria used to determine impact consequence are presented in Table 2-2 below Table 2-1: Criteria used to determine the consequence of the impact Rating Definition of Rating Score A. Extent– the area in which the impact will be experienced Local Confined to project or study area or part thereof (e.g. site) 1 Regional The region, which may be defined in various ways, e.g. 2 cadastral, catchment, topographic (Inter) Nationally or beyond 3 national B. Intensity– the magnitude or size of the impact Low Site-specific and wider natural and / or social functions and 1 processes are negligibly altered Medium Site-specific and wider natural and / or social functions and 2 processes continue albeit in a modified way High Site-specific and wider natural and / or social functions or 3 processes are severely altered C. Duration– the time frame for which the impact will be experienced Short-term For the duration of project activities / up to 2 years 1 Medium- 2 to 15 years 2 term Long-term More than 15 years 3 14 The combined score of these three criteria corresponds to a consequence rating, as set out in Table 2 -3below. Table 2-2: Method used to determine the consequence score Combined 3–4 5 6 7 8–9 Score (A+B+C) Consequence Very Low/Minor Medium/minor- High Very Rating low/Negligible moderate high/Major Once the consequence is derived, the probability of the impact occurring is considered, using the probability classifications presented in Table 2- 4 below. Table 2-3: Probability classification Probability of impact – the likelihood of the impact occurring Improbable < 40% chance of occurring Possible 40% - 70% chance of occurring Probable > 70% - 90% chance of occurring Definite > 90% chance of occurring The overall significance of impacts is determined by considering consequence and probability using the rating system outlined in Table 2- 5 below. Table 2-4: Significance Rating Significance Rating Consequence Probability Insignificant Very Low & Improbable Very Low & Possible Very Low Very Low & Probable Very Low & Definite Low & Improbable Low & Possible Low Low & Probable Low & Definite Medium & Improbable Medium & Possible Medium Medium & Probable Medium & Definite High & Improbable High & Possible High High & Probable High & Definite 15 Significance Rating Consequence Probability Very High & Improbable Very High & Possible Very High Very High & Probable Very High & Definite Finally the impacts are considered in terms of their status (positive or negative) and the confidence in the ascribed impact significance rating is noted. The classification for considering the status of impacts and the confidence in assessment is presented in Table 2- 6 Table 2-5: Impact Status and Confidence Status of impact Indication whether the impact + (positive – a is adverse (negative) or ‘benefit’) beneficial (positive). – (negative – a ‘cost’) Neutral Confidence of assessment The degree of confidence in Low predictions based on available Medium information, the High environmental consultant’s judgment and / or specialist knowledge. 2.4 Disclosure Process The draft final Project Brief will be shared with Stakeholders especially key Lead Agencies and the respective local Governments in the directly impacted districts of Masindi, Hoima and Buliisa for the Bunyoro zone and Ibanda, Kiruhura and Sembabule for the Ankole Zone. Through this disclosure, a feedback will be obtained. 16 3 CHAPTER 3: - POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTUTIONAL FRAMEWORK The purpose of this section is to set out the legislative, regulatory, and policy context in which the transmission lines being proposed and with which the project must comply. It discusses policy, legal and institutional framework within which the study was conducted. Relevant policies have also been reviewed and the relevance highlighted as in subsequent sections below. 3.1 Policy Framework 3.1.1 The National Environment Management Policy, 1994 The overall goal of this policy is promotion of sustainable economic and social development mindful of the needs of future generations and EIA is one of the vital tools it considers necessary to ensure environmental quality and resource productivity on long-term basis. Therefore, this study is aimed at establishing environmental and social concerns of the planned projects and charting out measures to ensure that, the projects are implemented along a sustainable path. 3.1.2 Uganda’s Vision 2025 In ‘Vision 2025’ Ugandans set themselves many goals to achieve by the year 2025. The goals range from political, economic, social, environmental, and cultural among others. Concerning the environmental goals, Ugandans aspire to have a sustainable social- economic development that ensures environmental quality and the resilience of the ecosystem. As far as the quality of life is concerned, electricity is one of the key ingredients in the quality of life as it facilitates development and industrialization process. 3.1.3 The Energy Policy, 2001 The policy goal is to meet energy needs of Uganda’s population for social and economic development in an environmentally sustainable manner. The policy recognizes linkages between the energy sector and other sectors such as economy, environment, water resources, agriculture, forestry, industry, health, transport, education, decentralization and land use. Since energy development and environmental damage are related, the policy recognizes need to mitigate both physical and social environmental impacts of energy projects. 3.2 Legal Framework This section presents a summary of the legal and institutional frameworks governing the construction and operation of electrical transmission lines. It also summarizes the relevant lead agencies and departments that administer and monitor issues related to the proposed investment. 17 3.2.1 The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda (1995) The importance of environment in Uganda is recognized by the Constitution of the Republic of Uganda of 1995. This is a supreme law in Uganda. The Constitution provides for inter alia, matters pertaining to land, natural resources such as rivers and lakes and the environment. Article 245 refers to protection and preservation of the environment. This Project Brief is prepared to ensure environmental and settings in the project area are protected. Therefore, under the Constitution, the activities of this Project have to be implemented in a manner that ensures that, environmental and social settings are utilized in a sustainable manner. 3.2.2 National Environment Act, Cap 153 The National Environment Act Cap 153 provides the legal framework for the sustainable management of Uganda’s environmental resources. Section 20 makes it a legal requirement for every developer to undertake an environmental assessment for projects listed in the third schedule of the Act. Electrical transmission lines are listed in paragraph 10 (b). The implementation of the Project will further be guided by the Approval Conditions that shall be issued by NEMA. 3.2.3 The Land Act, 1998 The Land Act provides for the tenure, ownership, and management of land in Uganda. The Act should be read together with the 1995 Constitution that restored all private land tenure regimes, divested the state and vested it directly to the citizens of Uganda. The Act also stipulates that land acquisition can be through private treaty with the owner/lawful occupant or compulsorily in public interest. Although no land take is envisaged in this project, the Act is relevant because of its reference to compensation, in addition to the access and use of the road reserve for infrastructure developments as well as provision for acquisition of land in the interest of the Public/Government should be mentioned. 3.2.4 The Workman’s Compensation Act, 2000 The law requires that compensation be paid to a worker who has been injured or acquired an occupational disease or harmed in any way in the course of his work. Sections 6 and 7 provide for the compensation for fatal injury and 46 months of earning. For any permanent incapacity compensation will be paid in the equivalent of 60 and 72 months earning respectively. Section 15 puts medical examination for an injury to be the Employer’s responsibility and prescribes a form of notification of injury to the Commissioner for Labor. The implementation of the project must of necessity provide and ensure that the safety and the health of the workers is not compromised and matters of injuries, accidents and death while at work are all adequately addressed. 18 3.2.5 The Occupational Safety and Health Act (2006) The Act provides for the prevention and protection of persons at all workplaces from injuries, diseases, death and damage to property. Employers must provide for the protection of workers from adverse weather, provision of a clean and healthy work environment, sanitary conveniences, washing facilities, First Aid and facilities for meals. The Act provides for safe access to the workplaces and safe work practices which applies to this project as well. 3.2.6 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 1998 The procedures for conducting EIAs and guidelines for EIA practitioners and regulatory bodies are stipulated in this document. The guidelines stipulate that the EIA process should be participatory, that is the public should be consulted widely to inform them and get their views about the proposed investment. The developer has the legal obligation to seek the views of the public, persons that may be affected by the proposed project, as well as all other stakeholders. In this case, key stakeholders have been consulted in the course of the study and their views have been integrated into the study. It also provides a framework for the preparation of a Project Brief which has been the case in this case. 3.2.7 The National Environment (Wetlands, River Banks and Lakeshores Management) Regulations, 2000 These provide principles for sustainable use and conservation of wetlands, riverbanks and lakeshores. The relevance of these regulations in this study is embedded in the following requirements and institution of measures for protection of wetlands in the implementation of the project in wetland systems in the areas to be traversed by the project. 3.2.8 National Environment (Waste management) Regulations, 1999 The National Environment (Waste Management) Regulations, 1999 apply to all categories of hazardous and non-hazardous waste and to the storage and disposal of hazardous waste and its movement into and out of Uganda. The regulations promote cleaner production methods and require a facility to minimize waste generation by eliminating use of toxic raw materials; reducing toxic emissions and wastes; and recovering and reuse of waste wherever possible. 3.2.9 Historical Monument Act, 1967 This act provides for the preservation and protection of historical monuments and objects of archaeological pale-ontological ethnographical and traditional interests. Under this Act the Minister has wide ranging powers to protect any of the above objects and under Section 8, no person whether owner or not shall cultivate or plough the soil so as to effect to its detriment any object declared to be protected or preserved, and no alteration is permitted on any object declared to be protected or preserved; 19 And under section 11, any person who discovers any object which may reasonably be considered to be a historical monument or an object of archaeological, pale- ontological, ethnographical, and traditional interests is required to report it to the Conservator of antiquities within 14 days of the discovery. 3.2.10 National Forestry and Tree Planting Act, 2003 Among others, this Act provides for the sustainable use of forest resources and the enhancement of the productive capacity of forests and provides for the promotion of tree planting. 3.2.11 Towns and Country Planning Act, 1964 This Act aims at consolidating the orderly and progressive development of land, towns and other areas whether urban or rural. The Act provides for planning areas and regulation on compensation regarding properties within planning areas among others. Both Extension and Distribution Lines have an impact on the Towns and Country Plans of the area considering that the proposed distribution line corridor passes upcoming RGC and Trading centres. Although none of the affected TC and RGC have in place a structural plan, there will be a need to anticipate their introduction in the near future. For this reason this Act is relevant to the proposed project. 3.2.9 National Environment (Conduct and Certification of Environmental Practitioners) Regulations, 2003 Section 35 (1) requires that every Environmental Practitioner who has been certified and registered under these regulations shall be subject to the code of Practice and the Professional Ethics prescribed in the Fifth Schedule. REA used certified EIA practitioners who have to comply with this requirement. 3.2.10 The Uganda Wildlife Act, Cap 200, 2004 Section 16 of the Uganda Wildlife Act, Cap 200, mandates that Developers who intend to undertake projects with potential impacts on wildlife must carry out an EIA. The Act defines “wildlife� in broad terms to include both animal and plant species. Under this Statute, an EIA is carried out in accordance with the provisions of the NEA, Cap 153, and EIA Regulations, 1998. REA will respect this law while implementing the project. 3.2.11 The Roads Act, Cap 345 The Act creates a road reserve, which is bounded by parallel imaginary lines no more than fifty feet from the centre of any road. All Developers of proposed projects must acquaint themselves with the provisions of this Act so that they do not risk prosecution or structure demolition should construction take place within the road reserve. Although the Act predates the NEA (Cap 153), it is clear that any Developer 20 must undertake an EIA of any project that is likely to affect the road reserve. REA will respect this law while implementing the project. 3.3 The World Bank’s Safeguard Policies The Bank has ten environmental and social safeguard policies, a brief description of which is presented in Table 3-1. The operational policy most relevant to ERT projects is that for environmental assessment (EA), contained in Operational Policy 4.01 Environmental Assessment. Where involuntary resettlement may occur with a project, Operational Policy 4.12 will be relevant. The Bank requires an EA of projects proposed for Bank financing to ensure that these projects are environmentally sound and sustainable. In general, most ERT sub-projects would fall within the World Bank Category B or GoU Category II project categorization. Uganda’s environmental requirements are herewith assumed to largely have been to cover the Bank's requirements. On the other hand, by and large, it can be summed that, the requirements of these policies have been taken care of in the provisions of the various national environmental legal frameworks such as; the Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, the National Environment Act Cap 153 as well in the various regulations formed under this Act such as the EIA Regulations of 1998 the amongst others. Other line legal instruments that take care of World Bank Safeguard Policies include; the Land Act Cap 227, the National Forestry and Tree Planting Act Cap 8/2003 amongst others. Table 3-1: World Bank’s Safeguard Policies and their Applicability in the Project No. Safeguard Policy Summary of Core Policy Policy Triggered? Requirements Yes No 01. OP 4.01 Environmental Screen early for potential impacts Assessment and select appropriate instrument to √ assess, minimize, and mitigate potentially adverse impacts. 02. OP 4.04 Natural Habitat The conservation of natural habitats is essential for long-term sustainable X development. The Bank support and expects borrowers to apply, a precautionary approach to Natural resources management to ensure opportunities for environmentally sustainable development. The Bank does not support projects that involve the significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats. 03. OP 4.09 Pest Management Support integrated approaches to pest management. Identify X pesticides that may not be financed under the project and develop appropriate pest management plan to address risks. 21 05. OP 4.10 Indigenous Peoples Screen to determine presence of Indigenous Peoples in project area. X Policy triggered whether potential impacts are positive or negative. Design mitigation measures and benefits that reflect Indigenous Peoples cultural preferences. 04. OP 4.11 Physical Cultural The Bank supports the preservation Resources of cultural properties which includes X sites with archaeological, paleontological, historical, religious or unique natural values. It seeks to avoid impacts on such sites. 05. OP 4.12 Involuntary For those who are affected by Resettlement projects, avoid or minimize X involuntary resettlement where feasible, exploring all viable alternative project designs; assist affected persons in improving their former living standards, income earning capacity, and production levels, or at least in restoring them; encourage community participation in planning and implementing resettlement; and provide assistance to affected people regardless of the legality of land tenure. 06. OP 4.36 Forests The Bank does not finance projects that, in its opinion, would involve X significant conversion or degradation of critical forest areas or related critical natural habitats. If the Bank determines that forest areas and natural habitats are not critical and that there are no feasible alternatives to the project and its siting, and that overall benefits substantially outweigh the environmental costs, the Bank may provide project financing provided that appropriate mitigation measures are incorporated. 07. OP 4.37 Safety of Dams For large dams, technical review and periodic safety inspections by X independent dam safety professionals. 08. OP 7.50 Projects on Ascertain whether riparian international water ways agreements are in place, and ensure X that riparian states are informed of and do not object to project interventions. 09. OP 7.60 Projects in disputed Ensure that, claimants to disputed 22 areas areas no objection to the proposed X project 3.4 Institutional Framework The institutional framework under which the planned project will be implemented will involve the following agencies. They are: 3.4.1 Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development (MEMD) The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development (MEMD) is the lead agency for all energy projects in Uganda. However, its interests are represented in different capacities by the Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERA) which issues licenses, and by the Rural Electrification Agency (REA), which was established to initiate and bring ERT projects to fruition. REA is the FI (in its case, providing subsidies to sponsors) to which environmental monitoring and evaluation responsibilities have been delegated for the ERT programme. 3.4.2 The Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERA) The Electricity Regulatory Authority is a corporate body established to oversee the implementation of the electricity Act 1999. Under the Act, ERA is mandated to review proposed investments in the energy sector and guide the promoters through implementation. ERA will ensure that, the operations costing of energy from the planned line project will be in accordance with its set standards and tariffs. 3.4.3 The National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) NEMA is, in terms of the National Environment Act of 1995, is the principal agency for the management of the environment and shall coordinate, monitor and supervise all activities in the field of the environment. NEMA has a cross-sectoral mandate to ensure that proper environmental safeguards are observed in the planning and execution of all development projects, which means that it reviews and approves all environmental impact assessment reports, referred to in its terminology as Environmental Impact Reviews (ETRs), and monitors project implementation. NEMA has prepared a set of EIA guidelines for the energy sector and sponsors and potential sponsors should use these guidelines as supporting documentation to this framework. The Environmental Monitoring and Compliance Department is responsible for the review and approval of EIAs, post-implementation audits and monitoring of approved projects. Although project sponsors have a responsibility for monitoring their own activities, NEMA carries out its own monitoring largely through District Environment Officers and Environmental Inspectors. (The Act also states that NEMA may delegate some of its functions to a Lead Agency, which in the ERT programme may be the REA with respect to project monitoring). 23 3.4.4 Local Government Administration Structures The Administrative Framework covering the entire 33kv Distribution lines is covering a wide area. For the purpose of this study, the area has been divided into two zones. The first zone is the Bunyoro zone which covers the Districts of Masindi, Hoima and Buliisa. The second zone is the Ankole zone. This zone covers the Districts of Ibanda, Kiruhura and Sembabule. Each of these Districts, like all the other Districts in Uganda has a five tier administrative structure from the Local Council 1 at the village level to Local Council 5 at the District Headquarters, each headed by an elected Chairperson. However, the relevant sub counties for this power distribution project are shown under Table 3-2 below. While the study team visited all the sub counties, it is imperative that the construction team takes advantage of the subsequent relationship for ease of their operations. The construction and operation of the proposed Masindi - Hoima –Waki - Buliisa and the Kiruhura 33kv Distribution lines as well as the associated low voltage networks will be in cooperation with the said Districts and sub county Political and Administrative Leadership. This is most helpful in case of possible conflicts and interactions with the communities. This is why during the preparation for this study, both the leadership and communities have been mobilized and sensitized to lay ground for ownership of the project and future cooperation across all stakeholders. Other administrative stakeholders as they relate to the environment include the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), the Local Government especially the District Environment and Community Development Offices of Masindi, Hoima and Buliisa in the Bunyoro zone as well as the Districts of Ibanda, Kiruhura and Sembabule in the Ankole zone and Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE), Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development (MLHUD), Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development (MEMD), the project developer as well as the Development Partners who may be responsible for the financial support. Table 3-2 shows the directly affected sub counties and parishes in the project area. 24 Table 3-2: Administrative Units showing the directly affected Sub Counties Zone District Sub County Bunyoro Zone Masindi Budongo Buliisa Kihungya Biiso Butiaba Buliisa Town Council Kigwera Hoima Kyabigambire /Bulindi Ankole Zone Ibanda Ishongororo Nyamarebe Kiruhura Buremba Rwemikoma Sembabule Lwemiyaga Source: Field work 2012 25 4 CHAPTER 4: ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL SETTING 4.1 Physical Component 4.1.1 Bunyoro Zone: The Masindi, Hoima and Buliisa Districts Project Area lie in western Uganda and is characterised by the Great Rift Valley through which the Uganda DRC boundary passes. The distribution line covers the main towns of Biiso, Butiaba, Buliisa and Wanseko with a number of Rural Growth Centres (RGC) in the districts. About 5% of the distribution line lies in Masindi District, 15% in Hoima District and the rest (about 80%) lies within Buliisa District. Because this line is proposed to pass through a part of Budongo CFR, there is a need to consider a number of possible alternatives so that the most optimum is selected. Otherwise the topography is defined by rolling hills prior to the Escarpment to the Western Rift Valley. After a drop of over 300 metres to the floor of the rift valley the terrain leads to fairly flat land with severely restricted drainage. Briefly the sections along this stretch are as follows: -  The rolling terrain from Masindi to the edge of the rift valley beyond Biiso in Buliisa District in addition to the small section between Bulindi and Masindi in Hoima District;  The 3.7km stretch the road reserve across the Budongo CFR in Buliisa District;  The escarpment from Nyamasoga to the base at the Butiaba Junction; and  The floor of the rift Valley from Butiaba Junction to both Butiaba and Wanseko 4.1.1.1 Physical Status of the Project Area The main Distribution Line passes through three distinct sections. From Masindi through the Budongo CFR in Buliisa District up to the edge of the Rift Valley beyond Biiso, the line passes through rolling terrain with rich agricultural lands interspersed with patches of High tropical forest. There is 3.7 kilometre stretch along the Budongo CFR in Buliisa district which presents a different ecology but the terrain remains hilly and rolling. From Nyamasoga (after Biiso) to the base at Butiaba junction is the escarpment which is characterised by a steep almost vertical slope with a drop of over 300 metres. The Rift Valley runs up to the end of the proposed line at both Butiaba and Wanseko on Lake Albert. 4.1.1.2 Topography The Topography of the project area (Masindi, Hoima and Buliisa) is part of the dissected African surface (Hoima and Masindi Districts Wetland’s Inventory Reports). It is characterised by broad flat-topped ridges of about 1,000 to 1100 meters in height, whose formation is given as upper cretaceous (65-135 million years ago). The surface rises to a plateau, which ranges between 600-800 metres above mean sea level. Subsequently the project area may be divided into 3 main topographic 26 zones which are the Dissected Plateau, the Escarpment Stretch and the Rift Valley described in the following paragraphs: -  Dissected plateau This is the main dominant landscape in Most of Masindi, Hoima and Buliisa. The topography is flat topped and capped with lateritic duricrust or rounded and deeply weathered. The hills generally rise 30 to 50 metres or more above the valleys tending to have a rolling effect. They are the remnants of the ancient Buganda surface which experienced a slow up lift during the mid-tertiary period and later dissected by a rejuvenated drainage system, resulting in an elevated dissected plateau. There are hill masses capped by remnants of Buganda lower surface (Wayland 1934). On the Masindi side however, the hills are sharper with steep slopes which could increase soil erosion in working / exposed areas.  Escarpment stretch This zone covers a watershed running throughout its length from the south to the north approximately parallel to Lake Albert. It has been affected by the Rift Valley faulting. The topography is deeply incised by streams and rivers. Most of the rivers leading into Lake Albert flow off the escarpment. Steep slopes occur along fault lines.  The Rift Valley Lake Albert occupies the area lying in the Rift Valley. Early Pleistocene represents this. It is essentially a flat area of sand beaches with gradients of less than 1%. The plateau suddenly drops off into a Rift Valley with altitude falling from above mean sea level to 650 metres. 4.1.1.3 Geology and Soils The Atlas of Uganda (1) (1962) maps the Rift Valley area from Kaiso area to Wanseko as being underlain by mostly Cainozoic Rock Formation that is dominated by Pleistocene (approximately two million years ago) to recent sediments. These are separated from the Bunyoro series comprised of shales, tillites and arkoses by a ridge of the Precambrian basement complex of mainly undifferentiated acid gneisses that forms the escarpment. At a coarser scale most of the Rift Valley is shown to have two major geological formations; the Rift Valley sediments: soils and marines and undifferentiated gneisses. The geology of the Hoima- Buliisa to Wanseko area is made up of mainly the Bunyoro and Kyoga series composed of Shales, arkoses and quartzites with tillitelike rocks in Hoima towards Kigorobya. From Kigorobya onwards to Biiso, Undifferentiated gneisses are encountered. From about the Butiaba junction through Buliisa on to Wanseko, geology is made up of Pleistocene rift valley sediments.  Soils 27 The area is composed of ferrallitic soils. From Hoima, Shallow brown and reddish brown sandy loams, into yellowish red clay loams occasionally shallow over phyllite are encountered. Around Biiso, the soils are reddish and reddish brown gritty clay loams as well as shallow dark brown or black sandy loams-often very stony. From the junction to Butiaba towards Wanseko, reddish-brown sandy loams with occasional ironstone as well as black clays and sands are encountered. 4.1.1.4 Hydrology and Water Resources (Status of the Drainage system in the Project Area) The proposed Distribution Line runs through districts of Masindi, Hoima, and Buliisa. The perennial rivers draining the project area include the Waki, Kanyanyara, Sonso, Weisoke, and Waiga, and they all drain into L. Albert. A series of erosion valleys and gullies cut the escarpment and discharge runoff to the Valley – a major reason why most of the soils in the Rift valley are mostly sediments 4.1.1.5 Excavations and Disposal of soils There are no preliminary works and no excavations of soils have taken place. Apart from ongoing agricultural activities, for the most part the ground remains intact. 4.1.1.6 Climate The project area receives a bimodal rainfall pattern with totals ranging from about 800mm per annum in the Lake Albert flat area (Rift Valley floor) to between 1250- 1500mm per annum further away East above the Escarpment. Upstream catchments receive more rain annually as compared to downstream catchments. Peak periods are between March-May and the second peak between August and November this being higher than the earlier peak. This presents a very important potential for agricultural development. Major agricultural crops in Hoima and Masindi Districts include cassava, sweet potatoes, beans, groundnuts, cow peas and maize. The cash crops include bananas, coffee, tobacco, trees, pines, fruit trees. Major agricultural enterprises in Buliisa include; maize, beans, cotton, coffee, tobacco, cassava and some bananas. The cash crops in the district include sisal, aloe vera, sim sim, millet and fruits. 4.1.1.7 Climate Outlook Global Circulation Models (GCM) indicate that Lake Victoria as well as parts of Western Uganda (including the project area) may experience a temperature increase of up to 2.00C in the next 20-25 years due to Global Warming. The intensity of severe heavy rains and frequency of flush floods may also increase affecting the entire Lake System (Victoria, Kyoga and Albert) as was the case in the 1961 heavy rains. Most GCMs are predicting an increase of up to 15% in rainfall; the instantaneous rainfall is expected to be much higher due to the increase in the severity and frequency of severe weather and climate events. The system of rivers and wetlands along the road will also be impacted. These are important considerations for the design of the Distribution line which will have to be taken into account. For this reason therefore it 28 will be important to limit locating poles right at the core of potential drains. Where it will be inevitable, then the earth base should be well raised to withstand potential future flooding (in the drainage restricted areas especially along the floor of the Rift Valley). 4.1.1.8 Air Pollution and Noise The project is within a village setting with minimal vehicular movement that could lead both to noise and vehicular emissions from fast moving vehicles. However a number of heavy sand carrying trucks were observed on the roads which are the significant sources of both vehicular noise and emissions. These emissions include oxides of carbon and nitrogen. Lead has been removed from fuels in Uganda and is therefore not a major pollutant from vehicular traffic. Apart from that, the air within the project area is fairly fresh and there have been no reports yet of poor air quality due to atmospheric pollution 4.1.1.9 Air Pollution Potential (Air and Noise) Although no measurements were done for this Project Brief, the noise levels at the time of the study were consistent with the village environment and should have been within permissible levels as there was no obvious source of excessive noise. During construction however the potential for noise will increase due to the Lorries that will carry construction materials / equipment and the presence of a crane in case it is used. Cranes can make a lot of noise and could easily exceed 90Decibels. Construction workers especially casual workers (the type to plant electric poles etc) are known to make a lot of nuisance noise. This noise if unchecked has potential to disrupt activities in places such as schools and hospitals. Air pollution may be another concern for the project implementers. The major source of air pollution will be the dust raised by heavy vehicles that will carry construction materials. Otherwise earlier studies in the region (S A K Magezi, 1985) indicate that the ventilation coefficient within western Uganda is high such that the pollution potential is relatively low. The potential sources of air pollution for the time being are few and far in between (not significant). 4.1.1.10 Wastes Most of the waste in the project area is biodegradable as is consistent with peasant communities. However, the hazardous waste could be brought in by packaging materials in use by the contractor. It is important to note however that all the RGC did not have a waste management program / policy. This has been a concern raised by UNRA as the tendency is to damp waste in the road drains hence blocking drainage. In this case there is potential for dumping waste at electrical installations (Poles) which could lead to fires. 29 4.1.1.11 Infrastructure No major infrastructure was observed that is likely to be affected by the distribution Line. 4.1.1 Ankole Zone The Ibanda, Kiruhura and Sembabule Districts Project Area lie in Central western Uganda and is characterised by short and undulating hills with wide valleys with expansive savannah. The majority of the Distribution line falls within Kiruhura district. A smaller portion lies in the districts of Ibanda and Sembabule. For Ibanda a parish in each of the sub counties of Ishongororo and Nyamarebe will be impacted while in Sembabule only the Sub County of Lwemiyaga will benefit from the grids extension. 4.1.1.12 Physical Status of the Project Area The main Distribution Line passes through the district of Ibanda in the sub counties of Ishongororo and Nyamarebe where it touches the parishes of Kashozi and Bihanga respectively. There after it goes through Kiruhura District and ends in Lwemiyaga Sub county in Sembabule District. 4.1.1.13 Topography Most of the Project area is characterized by short and undulating hills with wide valleys. Due to the fairly dry climate (Kiruhura and Sembabule are part of Uganda’s cattle corridor), the valleys are mostly dry and the wetlands there in are mostly seasonal. These wide valleys have greatly provided opportune water catchment for construction of dams and valley tanks. On average the district of Kiruhura with a total area of 4,608 sq.kms lies at about 1800 metres above sea level. On the other hand, the District of Sembabule has two counties of Mawogola and Lwemiyaga with a total area of 2,319.2 square kilometres. 4.1.1.14 Soils Along the proposed line, the soils are characteristic of Ankole soils which are mostly loamy with proportions of sand. In places they are rocky especially further west towards Kyenjojo and Sembabule Districts in Buremba Sub County. 4.1.1.15 Hydrology and Water Resources The project area is a water stressed area with no major rivers crossing the proposed line. There are a number of seasonal wetlands. The drainage is mostly towards Lake George and Edward further South in Kasese and Bunyaruguru districts. 30 4.1.1.16 Excavations and Disposal of soils There are no preliminary works and no excavations of soils have taken place. Apart from ongoing agricultural activities, for the most part the ground remains intact. There is however noticeable degradation due to overgrazing in several places which has exposed the land to increased soil erosion during the rainy season. 4.1.1.17 Climate The project area receives a bimodal rainfall pattern with totals ranging from about 800mm per annum to 920mm. The rain seasons normally occur from March to May and mid-August to October both of which are erratic and often short lived as is characteristic of the cattle corridor. Subsequently, Kiruhura District is affected by very long dry periods with a temperature range of 17c-30c 4.1.1.18 Climate Outlook Global Circulation Models (GCM) indicate that North Eastern Districts of Uganda as well as the entire cattle corridor may experience a temperature increase of up to 2.00C in the next 20-25 years due to Global Warming. Unlike else where in Uganda where the total rainfall may increase by up to 15%, in this area, there is a likely hood for the total rainfall to decrease. Since the models used were course, it advisable for this project to assume the same total rainfall in the future so that the integrity of the physical structures is not undermined by possible high intensity rains. 4.1.1.19 Air Pollution and Noise The project is within a village setting with minimal vehicular movement that could lead both to noise and vehicular emissions from fast moving vehicles. However the area is rapidly developing and there were plans to upgrade the road network in the district. This will in the future increase motor vehicle based emissions including dust, noise and oxides of carbon and nitrogen. Lead has been removed from fuels in Uganda and is therefore not a major pollutant from vehicular traffic. Apart from that, the air within the project area is fairly fresh and there have been no reports yet of poor air quality due to atmospheric pollution 4.1.1.20Wastes As was the case in the Bunyoro zone, most of the waste in the project area is biodegradable as is consistent with peasant communities. However, the hazardous waste could be brought in by packaging materials in use by the contractor. It is important to note however that all the RGC did not have a waste management program / policy. This has been a concern raised by UNRA as the tendency is to damp waste in the road drains hence blocking drainage. In this case there is potential for dumping waste at electrical installations (Poles) which could lead to fires. 4.1.1.21 Infrastructure No major infrastructure was observed that is likely to be affected by the distribution Line. 31 4.2 Ecological Component The section below provides the ecological findings in both the Bunyoro and Ankle zones. 4.1.2 Bunyoro Zone 4.1.2.1 Flora and fauna Within The Bunyoro Zone, the project area encompasses the whole range of ecological zones falling under two major ecosystems (the agro-ecosystem- which consists of planted woodlots, agriculture, domesticated plants and exotic species) and a mixture of forest remnants, wetlands riverine/swamp forests, woodland, bush lands and grassland savannah mosaic. The general biological environment within the project area has been greatly modified in many places due to human settlements and agricultural activities. It may be divided into several subsections starting from Masindi, Buliisa and Hoima through the rift valley down to Wanseko Landing site. This is described in the sections below: - Masindi district The vegetation of Masindi District is varied as the different ecological zones that characterise the area. The vegetation distribution lies in zones between 670m and 1500m above sea level. The five broad categories of the vegetation include tropical forest; savanna grassland and savanna woodland; swamps; communities on site with impeded drainage and post cultivation communities. The largest land use cover is woodland (41.2%), followed by savanna grasslands and bushlands (24.6%). There is also significant clearing of natural vegetation for agriculture and often covered by various post-cultivated vegetation communities. Sugar cane is a prominent commercial crop within the project area in Masindi. The crop is grown mostly by Rugazi estate supplemented by out-growers. Buliisa district According to Lang-dale Brown, 1964, the vegetation along the proposed Distribution line in the district of Buliisa is characterised as Dry Hyparrhenia Grassland Savanna. Dominant species are Hyparrhenia filipendula and Hyparrhenia dissoluta. The dominant woody species include Acacia hockii, Acacia sieberiana, Balanites aegyptiaca, Borassus aethiopicum, Erythrina tomentosa, Kigelia africana and Piliostigma thonningii. Budongo Central Forest Reserve (CFR) 32 The proposed Distribution line passes through the Budongo CFR for a distance of 3.7 kilometers. There are a number of trees along this route which will be affected by the line (Fig 4-1). The most impacted species will be the fast growing species mostly of the genera Funtumia, Markhamia, Maesopsis and Antiaris. While these would not significantly affect the ecology of the forest, it is important to note this potential loss. Fig 4-1: Part of the Budongo CFR where the p-proposed line will dissect for a distance of 3.7km and in the savannah woodlands, Bush fires are a common hazard within the project area. Escapement The vegetation here is mainly dry savannah woodland consisting of mixture of grassland and savannah trees. The top of the escarpment has been modified through cultivation and the dominant crops planted include; sisal, millet, Sim sim, cassava, tobacco and maize with few remnant of Albizzia, Combtretum as well as planted trees of Mangifera indica (Mango), Senna siamea and Melea azedarach. The proposed Distribution line will run parallel to the Budongo conservation area which is generally characterized by savannah wooded grasslands interspersed with thickets and grassland. This area in particular and many places within the project area are a victim of bush burning (Fig 4-1). During the dry season, the risk of fire is high and this could affect the wooden distribution line poles. The dominant tree species include; Balenites aegyptiaca, Terminalia brownie, Combretum collinum, Combretum molle, Acacia, Albizia zygia, Zanthoxylum chalybeum, Ficus mucuna and Acacia sp. The area also has thorny bushes interspersed within a layer of grass species such as Hyparrhenia filipendula, Themeda triandra Hyparrhenia dissolute and Cissampelos micronata. Escapement – Wanseko town 33 The stretch along the Wanseko road (starting from the escarpment) is relatively settled where the original vegetation has been modified by anthropogenic activities. The visible Tree species include; Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jack Fruit), Ficus natalensis woodlots of Sena siamea (cassia), Euphorbia tirucalli (hedge around woodlots of Cassia), and Euphorbia candelabrum as well Cactus species. There are also relics of the original vegetation dominated by trees species (Table 4-2) represented by Kigeria Africana (sausage tree), Balenites aegyptiaca (Mutete), Tamarindus indica, Acacia and combretum sp. Table 4-2: Some Types of Common Indigenous Trees Class Scientific Name Local Name (Runyoro) Mimosaceae Albizia coriaria Nongo Zygophyllaceae Balenites aegyptiaca Mutete Rutaceae Zanthoxylum chalybeum Entale yedungu Combretaceae Combretum collinum Mukora Combretaceae Combretum molle Murama Caesalpiniaceae Termarindus indica Munondo Caesalpiniaceae Piliostigma thonningii Mugare Mimosaceae Acacia hockii Cassia Caesalpiniaceae Erythrina abyssinica Kiko Palmae Phoenix reclinata Lukindu Anacardiaceae Lannea barteri Mubengeya Moraceae Ficus natalensis Mutooma Mimosaceae Acacia polycanthus Cassia Rhamnaceae Maesopsis eminnii Musizi Bignoniaceae Kigeria africana Muikya 4.1.3 Invasive Plants in the Project Area As observed in an earlier study (EIA for the Hoima Butiaba Wanseko road -2011), there are a number of invasive plants in the project area. These include both perennial and annual plants. Figure 4-1: Riverine vegetation along river Figure 4-3: Water hyacinth at Wanseko Waiga. Landing site 34 The perennial plants do in most cases form thickets and include among others Lantana camara, Solanum incunum Psidium cattlelena, Chrysobalanus icaca,Chridemia hita and Leuacaena Prospolis juiriflora, Mimosa pigra and Caesaliphinia decapetala. These are common in the disturbed riverine vegetation such as River Waiga (Figure 4.2). The water hyacinth (Figure 4.3) was found in the lake water near Wanseko landing site. However, it was observed that these invasive plants cover a relatively small area but are strong invaders with the potential to colonize large parts if left uncontrolled. Agricultural vegetation In Masindi and Hoima districts the commonly grown crops include food crops and cash crops. The major food crops grown are cassava, sweet potatoes and maize. Kinyara Sugar works Limited dominates commercial growing of sugar cane for sugar production. The crop whose demand for moisture is relatively high has been grown in seasonally flooded wetlands or wetland edges. This has resulted into over dependence on wetlands resulting into their degradation. It is also evident that some traditional food crops have been transformed to cash crops. This is because of high demand and to some extent having recommendable market value. However, initially and observed from old fallows, cotton was taken as the sole cash crop but now other food crops have been grown to provide cash. These include rice, sweet potatoes, cassava, maize and sorghum. In Buliisa district fishing is a significant economic activity in addition to agricultural as well as livestock rearing activities. Cotton is encouraged as the main cash crop. Cassava is mainly grown for subsistence. Wetlands Along the proposed Distribution line a few wetlands in form of riverrine vegetation exist. The dominant vegetation include Polyscias fulva, Pennnisetum purpureum and phoenix reclinata. The Riverine vegetation (Figure 4.2 above) is threatened by agricultural extension, tree cutting and grazing. However, in the course of carrying out these activities, a number of consequences have arisen which have affected the wetlands ecosystem. These consequences have impeded on the capacity of wetlands to provide goods and services to the population. Other key activities / resources harvested from wetlands include brick making and collection of water for domestic use and livestock. 35 Avifauna (Birds and bats) The section along the Waki Buliisa line is close to the RAMSAR site at the Nile Delta and it is well known to be rich in birds (both in terms of variety and numbers of individuals). The birds in the area included; Great Blue Turaco, Grey Heron, Swallow, African Green Pigeon, African Mourning Bird, Weaverbirds, Kingfisher, and Hornbills, Eagles, Crows Ring Naked Dove, Cattle Egrets, Apus Affins (Little Swift), Speckled Mouse Bird, Long Tailed Starling the Marabou Stock patched on Mvule trees in some parts of the project area as well as on palm trees at Butiaba Fishing Village. In the Ankole region, the main large bird at risk is the crested crane. It is not known to normally perch on power lines, but the potential for collision could be there. In particular large predatory birds including night active birds such as bats are the ones most affected by High Voltage transmission cables. These will be because of physical clearance and hazard to birds especially in the area between Butiaba and Wanseko through Waki where birds are likely to migrate through. Protected areas For the Masindi – Waki portion, the lines pass close to the Bugungu Wiuld Life reserve and if care is not taken there is a high potential for interaction with wildlife. Howver the design ensures that along the entire strch of the line, the line is limited to the LHS of the road. This part is outside of the protected area. Nevertheless wildlife is known to cross freely from the protected area to the open public area. The other protected area is the Budongo CFR. Here a Multicriteria anlysis has been conducted which has left the line to pass through the CFR. These two areas are shown the map described as in Annex 7 attached to this report. 4.1.4 Ankole Zone 4.1.4.1 Flora and fauna Within the Ankole Zone, the project area is characterized by beautiful scenarios of various plant species, wetlands and subsequent hills mainly covered by farms and grazing field. The general natural vegetation is characterized as Acacia savanna with semi-deciduous thicket on anthills. The main type of land use is mainly pastoralism and subsistence agriculture practiced on small scale with banana cultivated as the main type of food crop and cassava cultivated on a small scale. 36 Ibanda District The proposed Distribution line starts from Ibanda at Kashozi Trading centre. It only covers a relatively small part of the district and is limited to Nyamabare sub county, Bihanga Parish and Ishongororo Sub County Kashozi parish. This part of the project is dominated by agricultural activities and the original vegetation has been modified from mostly the dominating Acacia gerrardii. Kiruhura District Most of the project (over 70%) lies in Kiruhura district covering the sub counties of Buremba, Nkungu, Rwemikoma and Burumba. Most of this area is dominated by either agriculture or dairy farming. Sembabule District Tye Sub County of lwemiyaga will benefit from the grid extension. The main activity in Lwemiyaga is either agriculture or dairy farming. Cattle keeping is a major economic activity in Lwemiyaga. Agricultural vegetation Like any other rural districts in Uganda, agriculture is the dominant economic activity in Ibanda, Kiruhura and Sembabule districts. However, along the proposed Distribution power line observation reveals that while in Ibanda residents are more into crop farming, in Kiruhura and Sembabule pastoralism dominates. Within Semabuble and parts of Kiruhura, up to 60-70% of the homesteads are either doing purely livestock farming or mixed farmering. Overall, almost every household is involved in subsistence agricultural activities. In particular, it is found that for Nyamarebe sub-county in Ibanda District. Banana (Figure 4-4) is the main subsistence crop but is also a cash crop for many families. Further more many of the traditional food crops have been transformed to cash crops. This is because of high demand and to some extent having recommendable market value. Although, according to residents, initially bananas were taken as the sole cash crop but now other food crops have been grown to provide cash. These include millet, sweet potatoes, cassava, ground nuts and millet. Some vegetables and fruits are equally produced for cash i.e. tomatoes, cabbage, onions, yams, sugar cane and are commonly grown along the wetland edges especially during dry season. Due to the scarcity of fuel wood as well as the need for construction poles, Eucalyptus tree planting is becoming a significant economic / agricultural activity. Many of these woodlots are grown very close to the road and will be impacted by the proposed line in some of the cases. 37 Figure 4-4 : Banana Plantations in Nyamabale Sub County, Ibanda District many of them within the Road Reserve where the line will pass Flora The majority of the distribution line lies within Kiruhura District where Acacia gerrardii dominates faunal communities. Acacia gerrardii is considered to have been derived from a thicket climax by burning and grazing. Grazing is evident in most of the study area. The woody cover is mostly between 20 and 40 percent and consists overwhelmingly Acacia and Combretum species. There are numerous instances of thicket regeneration following a reduction in the intensity of the annual fires, and small thickets on anthills are a feature of this region. Grasses and herbs layer on the anthills is dominated by Panicum maximum, Brachiaria brizantha, Digitaria diagnosis, Hyparrhenia diplandra, Eragrostis racemosa, Imperata cylindrica, Asparagus africana, Lantana camara and Vernonia amygdalena. Woody species include Euphorbia candelabrum, Ficus exasperate, Acacia hockii, A. Senegal, Mytenus senegalensis and Entanda abyssinica. Table 4-3 below shows the most common indigenous species along the entire stretch of the proposed Distribution Line in Kiruhura District. Table 4-3: Some Types of Common Indigenous Trees Class Scientific Name Local Name (Runyankore) Mimosaceae Albizia zygia Musebega Moraceae Ficus exasperata Musomoro Moraceae Ficus sycomorus Euphorbiaceae Sapium ellipticum Musana Combretaceae Combretum molle Mukora Fabaceae Erythrina abyssinica Kiko Caesalpiniaceae Piliostigma thonningii Mimosaceae Acacia hockii Ruganda Mimosaceae Acacia gerardii Mutongore Moraceae Euphorbia canderabrum Moraceae Ficus natalensis Mutooma Palmae Phoenix reclinata Mimosaceae Acacia senegal Bignoniaceae Markhamia lutea Mushambya 38 Rutaceae Teclea nobilis Muzo Source: Field Survey 2012 Wetlands In general, most of the wetlands inland in the Ankole zone of the project area are small, closed and seasonal with most of them just developing in valleys every other rainy season. The proposed line will cross some of these mostly seasonal wetlands within Kiruhura and Sembabule Districts. Some of the wetlands have been degraded due to agricultural activities. The main activities / resources harvested from wetlands include grazing (Figure 4-6), cultivation, brick making and water for domestic use and livestock. In the course of carrying out these activities, the ecological status and capacity of wetlands to provide goods and services to residents have been affected. While some of the above undesirable outcomes have been gradually taking place over time others have come up at short time interval. There has also been a marked reduction of vegetation cover (grass and trees) and a considerable wetland area has dried and can no longer hold water. As the wetlands dry, a number of spring wells are reported to have dried up. As a result of the widespread drying of wetlands; coupled with siltation, the valley dams are equally silting (due to erosion from ploughed areas) and a good number have gradually dried. The aquatic fauna that have been supported by the wetlands have diminished (as the habitats - wetlands get destroyed). The seasonal wetlands such as the one in Kiruhura (shown in Fig4- 5 below) is home to few of the remaining Grey Crowned Crane (Balearica regulorum). The Grey Crowned Crane, which is also the National Symbol for Uganda is categorized as endangered (Byaruhanga et al., 2001) because it breeds in swamps that are facing destruction and are decimated in Uganda. The distribution line however will pass along the designated Road Reserve and will not have a big impact on the wetlands. It is important to note however that some other consequences that have arisen as a result of human use of wetlands include:  Scramble for wetlands for cultivation - conflicts  Extermination of cattle access routes to grazing and watering areas  Reducing crop yields even in the wetlands : 39 Figure 4-5: A seasonally-flooded wetland in Kiruhura. In Figure4-6: In the background, cows graze at the background are the Grey Crowned Cranes. Kabagole train station. The once popular station until early 1970s is the end-point of a Tee-off from the main Distribution line. Environmental concerns Through observation loss of woodlands, overgrazing (Figures 4-7 and 4-8), de- vegetation and soil degradation are the major environmental concerns along the proposed project area. Clearing of woodlands for daily farming and settlements poses a big threat to woodlands. This is common in the districts of Kiruhura district and Konge parish, Lwemiyaga sub-county, Sembabule district. A few planted eucalyptus woodlots were observed along the proposed line. In the absence of natural forests, as stated above, eucalyptus plantations are a source of fuel wood and building poles. Figure4-8: Overgrazed rangeland is Figure4-7: Free-ranging cattle are a common characteristic of most landscape along the sight in Kiruhura district. project areas, especially in Sembabule District. Another cause of encroachment on woodlands is human immigrations from other highly populated districts such as Mbarara, Isingiro and Kabale districts among others. With increase in population, demand for land for agricultural use increases. Others impacts associated with loss of tree cover include loss of habitat for animals and birds, soil erosion, reduced agricultural production, reduction water catchment areas and loss of other environmental functions. 40 Figure4-10: b: Overgrazed savanna woodlands in Lwemiyaga sub-county. Figure4-9: Eucalypts plantation along the road edge in Burmeba S/C Lastly, unsustainable harvesting of woody biomass for energy is so high especially for wood fuel. This is because of high costs of other alternative sources of energy as compared to that easily and readily obtained from woody biomass. Harvesting of woody biomass has affected trees cover of mostly species belonging to genera Acacia, Albizia, Combretum. Subsequently, there are a number of newly introduced tree species some of which are designed to plug the Fuel wood deficit gap. These will be impacted by the distribution line when they lie along the design path of the line. The most common newly introduced species across the project area include those listed in table 4-4 below. Table 4-4: Introduced Tree Species Common Name Scientific Name Local Name Musisi Maesopsis emisrii Musisi Markhamia lutea Eucalyptus Eucalyptus saligna Mango Mangifera indica Umbrella Termilonius Neem Melia azedarach 4.2 Social – Economic Developments As stated above the project falls in two zones of Bunyoro and Ankole. This section outlines the overall set up regarding the social, economic and cultural environment. This is necessary because an understanding of these variables is a prerequisite for analysing the benefits, threats and relevant mitigation options for the proposed distribution lines within the two sub regions. The following paragraphs describe specific socio economic concerns in the context of this Project Brief. The Distribution Line project will operate closely with the Local Government Units (at both Districts Headquarters and Sub county levels) within the project area to ensure smooth operations and a sense of ownership for the Power distribution Project by the Local Governments. This process has already been initiated by the EA team through briefing sessions as well as consultations with some of the key stakeholders. 4.2.1 Bunyoro Zone 41 4.2.1.1 Administrative Units Within the Bunyoro Zone, the Distribution lines run through the Districts of Hoima, Masindi and Buliisa covering the following sub counties as shown under Table 4-12 below: - Table 4-5: The sub counties and parishes through which the distribution lines will pass in the Bunyoro sub region DISTRICT Sub County/Town Contact person(s) and Tel. Nos. Council/ Parish/Ward & Municipality Masindi Budongo Kabango Mr. Byaruhanga (0772862041) Kasongoire Nyabyeya Kasenene Nyantonzi Buliisa Biiso Nyamasoga Kabagambe Edward (0787853817) Biiso Bubwe Busingiro Kigwera Wanseko Ndandamire Kigwera Kisansia Buliisa Town Council Ward 1 Deo Ndimu Ward 2 Ward 3 Butiaba Bugoigo Mujuni Richard (0772393042) Walukuba Booma Piida Hoima Kyabigambire Bulindi Charles Kabiri (0782744758) Buraru Kibugubya Kisabagwa 4.2.1.2 Land Tenure Discussions with the Local Government Authorities indicated that the dominant land tenure in the project area is customary land tenure system. Within the project area, it is the practice that for communal land owners and Bibanja holders, inheritance of land is usually passed on to a male heir. Earlier studies (EIA for the Hoima Butiaba Wanseko road project) indicated that “Most land in the rift valley after the escarpment is under communal land tenure system. It is owned communally the major clans of Basimo, Basansye and Bagana among others. In recent times there are upcoming Communal Land Associations 42 which have recently registered land. Even within Buliisa Town Council, 90% of the land is communal. Those who possess leasehold land in the Town Council bought it from clans and then leased it�. 4.2.1.3 Population Within the Bunyoro zone, the Power distribution line project area falls within the Districts of Masindi, Hoima and Buliisa. The different Sub counties and parishes together with their populations are shown in Table 4-5 below. These are the directly affected Sub counties traversed by the proposed road project. 43 Table 4-54: Population Distribution in the Directly Affected Parishes within Project area ( estimates for 2012) District County Sub County Parishes Male Female Total Pop Pop Masindi Bujenje Budongo Kabango 9,600 9,000 18,600 Kasongoire 2,800 2,600 7,200 Nyabyeya 5,100 4,700 9,800 Kasenene 3,700 3,500 7,200 Nyantonzi 6,700 6,800 13,500 Hoima Bugahya Kyabigambire Bulindi 5,100 5,100 10,200 Buraru 8,400 7,900 16,300 Kibugubya 6,200 5,900 12,100 Kisabagwa 4,800 4,700 9,500 Buliisa Buliisa Biiso Biiso 6,300 6,600 12,900 Butiaba 7,400 7,200 14,600 Kihungya 5,100 5,600 10,700 Buliisa Kigwera 6,100 6,600 12,700 Kisiabi 7,800 8,400 16,200 Ngwedo 6,300 7,400 13,700 Total 91,400 92,00 185,200 Source: Adapted from the estimates for the 2012 Population by UBOS From Table 4-5, the affected population within the directly affected parishes is 185,200 of which 91,400 are male and 92,000 are female (2012 Population Estimate by UBOS). Apart from Trading Centres, most of the homesteads are widely scattered and the majority of houses are constructed using mud or wattle, with grass-thatched roofing, an indication of poor housing conditions. 4.2.1.4 Ethnic Composition Although the districts of Masindi, Hoima and Buliisa comprise a cross section of ethnicities, which include the Banyoro, Bagungu, Banyoro and Alur the most dominant tribe vary according to the district. While in Hoima and Masindi, Banyoro are the dominant ethnic group, within Buliisa District which was formally part of Masindi District, the characteristics of the population tend to change such that the dominant tribes can be described as Bagungu, Banyoro and Alur. Until recently there were significant numbers of migrant pastoralists of Bahima and Banyarwanda origin who were reported by the Local Authorities to have been evicted / moved out of the area. The other migrants into the area are, Lugbara and some tribes from Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It is significant to note that these ethnic groups are a mixture of Bantu origins (Banyoro, Bahima, Bakiga and Banyarwanda) and the rest being of Nilotic origin. Despite the differences the two groups tend to live in harmony except in the recent past when political tensions were high pitting the indigenous against the recent 44 migrants particularly pastoralists commonly known as Bafuruki. All the same they are all patrilineal with men dominating the decision making process. Government affirmative action, however, has enabled some of the women to be part of the decision making machinery. 4.2.1.5 Community livelihood Housing and settlements In general, settlement patterns within the area are not planned and none of the RGC had a structure plan. Most of the project area is within a rural setting with the majority of the houses being either temporary or semi permanent. There are a number of Trading Centres and Rural Growth Centres that will benefit from the grid extension. The main centres to benefit include Biiso Town Council, Butiaba landing site, Bugoigo landing site, Buliisa Town council as well as Wanseko landing site. Housing within the towns, (Biiso, Buliisa, tend to be permanent houses with some acceptable western/Indian architectural concepts). Within the rural set up prior to Biiso, most of the homesteads are widely scattered. The exception is within the Rural Growth Centres (RGC) where settlements are linear in pattern along the entire length of the road. Beyond Biiso most of the settlements are nucleated. The houses are constructed using mud or wattle, with grass-thatched roofing, an indication of poor housing conditions. This pattern of settlements originates from the Nilotic Cultures further North of Masindi. On a promising note, all the way to Buliisa, there are piles of bricks along the road indicating that the local people have a lot of confidence in the future of the project area. Most of the land especially after Biiso is under communal land tenure system. Within Hoima and Masindi however, there is a mixture of leasehold land as well as communal land. Some of the institutions do have freehold land. During the survey, different infrastructures and land uses were identified. Most of the land is either fallow or under subsistence agriculture. This is most common within Hoima and the Eastern part of Buliisa (Biiso Sub County). Livestock rearing is a major economic activity in the rest of Buliisa in addition to fishing within Lake Albert. Energy As else where in Uganda, Firewood is the main power source for domestic needs in across the entire project area. Due to population pressure, however access to firewood is becoming difficult. Within Budongo Sub County there was evidence that most of the nearby impacted people get firewood from the CFR. Heaps of firewood were seen along the forest edge as evidence of the source of fuel wood. A few homes were seen to have solar panels which panels are used to light homes at night 45 and operate simple radios. Within Buliisa, the Bugungu Wildlife Reserve is also a source of firewood while within Hoima there are many families with eucalyptus woodlots. Otherwise kerosene/paraffin is the main source for lighting for most households in the project area. A survey conducted for this study, showed that electricity is welcome in the project area and that the majority of respondents (81.8%) strongly needed electricity for lighting their houses and work places as well as for providing security lighting. Very few people expect to use it for cooking while about 12.9% will use it for operating workshops/ industrial purposes such as welding, manufacturing and grains milling. These were followed by 2.8% of respondents who needed electricity for cooking. Fig 4-11 shows the likely uses for electricity within the project area. Fig 4-11: Proportion of respondents according to their likely use of the electricity. Series1, Series1, Other, Industry/Worksh 0.1%, 0% op, 12.9%, 13% Series1, Ironing, Electricity Purpose 2.2%, 2% Lighting Ironing Series1, Cooking Series1, Lighting, 81.8%, Cooking, Industry/Workshop 82% 2.8%, 3% Other Source: Field Data, 2012 Recreational facilities/Eco tourism For the most part there are no well organized recreational facilities for the community. These are limited to bars and drinking joints within the RGCs. The major Pubs are in the larger towns of Biiso, Butiaba, Bugoigo landing site, Wanseko landing site and Buliisa town Council. The Town council of Buliisa has a desire to start nature walks and eco tourism opportunities. The numerous landing sites could also be an 46 opportunity for leisure and recreational opportunities especially that of Butiaba, Wanseko and Bugoigo. These are yet to be exploited. Most of the respondents indicated that the cost of electricity was likely to be very high. They wished that Government could intervene to enable them meet the costs of using electricity. The results of the field survey indicate that the majority of the respondents (71%) requested that the government pays 50% of the electricity cost while (18.9%) suggested that the government needed to provide free electricity in order to make it affordable to everyone. Only 8.8% of respondents were comfortable with the price and would not mind if the price was left at the current level.  Health Services In Hoima District, there is only one referral hospital with about 200 beds, to facilitate curative, preventive, disease control, surveillance and other health services. Otherwise the District is divided into two health sub districts, Buhaguzi and Bugahya, with 53 health units, 38 owned by government and 15 by Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Areas which are severely underserved are parishes along Lake Albert namely; Kigorobya, Kabwooya, Buseruka and Kyangwali. Poor physical accessibility to these areas is mainly due to the escarpment as these areas are found within the Western Rift Valley. Most of Buliisa District falls within the Rift Valley which means that the health services there are much poorer. Moreover, due to the perceived remoteness of Buliisa it has been difficult to attract qualified staff in the district with health centres highly understaffed. There is also no major hospital within the areas where the Distribution line will pass in Budongo sub county of Masindi District. The main challenge for the health centres in the project area is lack of grid electricity. This has made storage of medicines especially vaccines difficult. Otherwise the disease burden is dominated by Malaria. The survey among respondents showed that Malaria (75.3%) was the most common disease that affected households followed by diarrhoea (11.2%). On the other hand about 10.7% of respondents reported Coughs/Respiratory Tract Infections as their most common threat. Table 4-6 below shows the perception by respondents regarding the most common diseases in the project area. Table 4-6: Project Affected perceptions regarding proportion of the common diseases faced by households Type of disease Frequency Percentage (%) Malaria 510 75.3 Diarrhoea 76 11.2 Coughs/RTI 73 10.7 47 Worms 10 1.5 HIV/AIDS 8 1.1 Hernia 1 0.1 Total 677 100 Source: Field data, 2012 Regarding treatment for the different ailments among the impacted population, Majority of the respondents reported to be receiving their treatment from Health Centre III (40.6%) followed by those who sought treatment from Health Centres II (38.8%). 17.3% of respondents received their treatments from Hospital/Health-IV while 3.1% reportedly received their medical treatments from clinics followed by the minimum of 0.1% who received their treatment from other sources such as traditional healers and herbalists among other traditional measures. Although the health facilities do lack grid electricity, the distance to the nearest health facility is not bad for many of the impacted people. As shown in Fig 4-12 below, the majority of the respondents reported they received treatment from a distance between 0-1km (36.5%) followed by (23.1%) who sought treatment between 1-2km. Fig 4-12 Project Affected People perceptions regarding distance covered by the households to the health facilities line. Series1, 0-1km, 36.5% Series1, 1-2km, % of Respondents 23.1% Series1, Over-4km, 17.3% Series1, 2-3km, 12.9% Series1, 3-4km, 10.3% Distance to the health facility Source: Field data, 2012 4.2.2 Social Economic Activities The dominant economic activity within the project area is subsistence agriculture. Beyond Biiso in Buliisa District, livestock is also a major source of livelihood. Goats and sheep are also a source of income especially within Buliisa District. The major 48 agricultural crops in Hoima District (which are also a source of income to many of the communities) include bananas, beans, Soya beans, rice, sweet potatoes, cassava, ground nuts, and maize as well as Fruit trees which include jack – fruits and mangoes. The traditional cash crops include cotton, tobacco, tea and coffee. Forestry is an important industry in Hoima district and along the project road; there are numerous woodlots of pine and eucalyptus trees. Similarly, the major agricultural crops in the Masindi part of the project area (Budongo Sub County) include banana, sugarcane, Soya beans, rice, sweet potatoes, cassava, ground nuts, and maize From the field survey, it was established that Banana was the most common food crop grown within the households (especially in Hoima and Masindi) with 55.2% of the respondents reporting bananas followed by Sweet-potatoes (17.6%) and Cassava (11.8%) respectively. Other respondents preferred growing beans (6.6%), ground nut growers were (1.6%), (1.4%) grew maize, (1.1%) grew vegetables while those who had grown Irish potatoes on the affected land were 0.5%. As for cash crop growing, it was established that the majority of the respondents grew fruits (39%) as their major cash crop followed by those who grew coffee (27%). Others grew Sugar canes (11.7%), 7.7% grew pine trees, 6.6% grew other cash crops, Eucalyptus tree growers were (5.1%), while 2% grew tobacco and 0.5% grew cassava with a minimum of 0.3% of respondents who grow maize. This is shown in Fig 4- 13below. Table 4-13: Percentage distribution of different cash crops grown by respondents Type of Cash Crop Series1, Others, 6.6%, 7% Coffee Tobacco Series1, Coffee, 27.0%, Sugarcane 27% Cassava Series1, Fruits, 39.0%, 39% Maize Series1, Sugarcane, 11.7%, 12% Pine-trees Series1, Tobacco, Eucalyptus-tree 2.0%, 2% Fruits Others Series1, Cassava, 0.5%, Series1, Maize, 0% Series1, Series1, Pine- 0.3%, 0% Eucalyptus-tree, trees, 7.7%, 5.1%, 5% 8% Source: Field data, 2012 Fishing as an Economic Activity 49 Although the fishing industry is on the Lake Albert, it has a major impact on the activities offshore, and Power distribution project will benefit fishing industry at the shores of Lake Albert especially the landing sites. Overall, the annual holistic potential for Lake Albert is estimated at between 11,000 – 13,000 metric tons thus giving a potential productivity of 40 – 55 kg/Ha/ year. In recent years, the fish catch has been reported to be diminishing due to unsustainable fishing practices over the lake. Largely open access policy is practiced while fishing over Lake Albert with about 3000 fishing boats (Congo barque over 90% and Kabalega (Ssese type) less than 10%). There are about 60 landing sites over the lake including Butiaba, Bugoigo and Wanseko which sites will directly benefit from the electricity distribution. 4.2.2.1 Sources of Income In order to assess the sources of income, a survey was conducted among the potentially project affected people. It was found that the majority of the households earned their income through agriculture on the project affected land (39.7%) and that 19.9% earned their salaries from business which they carried out on the project affected land. These were followed by those who practiced agriculture on land elsewhere (17.4%). 7.8% reportedly collected their salaries from business located elsewhere whereas 5.8% of the respondents depended on monthly salary. There were other side incomes which were determined by the survey. These included puoltry (42.4%) and fishing activities (28.3%). 4.2.2.2 Communication and accessibility The project area can be accessed by road from Masindi through Budong Forest, or through Hoima via Bulindi which again leads to either Masindi or Biiso in Buliisa. There are two main roads which lead into the area; these are the Masindi – Biiso – Butiaba – Wanseko road and the Hoima Bulindi – Biiso road. There are several secondary roads branch off to get to the different villages in the project area. Although commuter taxis are few deep in the villages, the boda bodas are common and they have eased transport. The area can also be accessed by lake via the various landing sites including those which will benefit from the power which are Butiaba, Bugoigo and Wanseko. All the telecommunication companies are well represented in the area and the mobile telephone is a handy tool for ease of communication. 4.2.2.3 Cultural sites There are no cultural sites directly affected by the project. No graves were identified at the time of the study. However discussions with the survey team indicated that if the line / pole is targeting a grave, adjustments will be made so that the grave is not disturbed. For this reason, it is not likely that graves and burial sites will be impacted by this grid extension. 50 4.2.3 Detailed social analysis (Bunyoro Zone) After receiving the data sheets from the field covering the project area, the data was edited, and coded before it could be analyzed. The data entry screen and questionnaire file were designed with the help of EpiData Version 3.1 software. Data from the field questionnaires were entered, checked for inconsistencies and validated and finally exported to the improved version of the SPSS Software version 16 for data analysis. Epi Data software was chosen because it is the best software for data entry since it designs a data entry screen to appear like a questionnaire itself, it provides an option for range and consistency checks and it is excellent in double entry and validation for the same data and comparison of any differences. Two levels of analysis were performed. Univariate analysis involved the use of frequency distribution tables, bar graphs and pie-charts. Various measures of central tendency and dispersion like the mean, mode, median, maximum, minimum and range were also done for easy interpretation of the findings. Secondly, Bivariate analysis was performed with the use of cross tabulations like Pearson chi square ( � ) to establish the relationship between the dependent and 2 independent variables. The Pearson chi Square ( � ) was derived as follows. 2   Oij Eij 2 � r k   2 � Eij i 1 j i ………………………………………………………………. (i) With (n-1) degrees of freedom Where, Oij is the observed frequency in row i and column j Eij is the expected frequency in row i and column j. 4.3.2.1 Population Characteristics / Dynamics All the respondents interviewed were adults as there was no child-headed household found among the selected groups who were interviewed. The majority of the people interviewed were males (about 80.5% while the rest were women). In the local community, males are the decision makers and will be the ones to make the decision whether to use the electricity in their homes or not. This is expected because of the society which is mostly patrilineal. Otherwise most of the respondents were within the working age bracket (19 – 60 years) at about 80%. There was a fairly significant number of aged people (above 60 years) whose proportion was about 18.3%. From the analysis most of the respondents fall in the category of 30 to 50 years. This is a fairly youthful population which can indulge in productive work and are therefore not vulnerable. 4.3.2.2 Education and marital status The majority of the respondents were married (80.8%) followed by those who were widowed (7.7%). The least were those who are single at 4.8% as shown in Fig 4-14 below. 51 Fig 4-14: Percentage distribution respondents according to their marital status Series1, Widowed, Series1, 7.7%, 8% Separated, 6.6%, Series1, Single, 6% 4.8%, 5% Marital Status Married Series1, Married, Single 80.8%, 81% Widowed Separated Source: Field data, 2012 The majority of the respondents had attained primary education (56%) followed by those with at least secondary education at (27%) (See fig 4.8). This level of education is just modest although with adequate sensitisation, they will be able to use grid electricity. A significant number of respondents had had totally no education (12.6%) and the minimum number of respondents had acquired tertiary education with 4.3%. Fig 4-15: Percentage distribution respondents according to their highest level of education. Source: Field data, 2012 52 4.3.2.3 Religious composition Like in most parts of Uganda, most respondents professed to belong to some established faith. The majority of the respondents confessed to Christianity. The majority of the respondents were Protestants (56.1%) followed by Roman Catholics (33.1%). Moslems were (4.9%) and a small proportion of the respondents were Pentecostals (3.8%). The other faiths were in the minority at 2.1% as shown in Fig 4-16 below. Most of these religious institutions have prayer houses /places which will potentially benefit from the grid power. Fig-16: Percentage Distribution Respondents According To Their Religion. Series1, Protestant, 56.1% % of respondents Series1, Catholic, 33.1% Series1, Muslim, Series1, 4.9% Series1, Others, Pentecostal, 3.8% 2.1% Religion Source: Field data, 2012 4.2.3.1 Incomes As stated above, for most of the respondents, most of their income was from agriculture either on the land where they live or from land elsewhere. Up to 39.7% of the income is directly from agriculture. Followed by earning from salaries at 19.9% from business which they carried out on the affected land. These were followed by those who practiced agriculture on land elsewhere (17.4%). The analysis of the monthly income estimate among households indicated that (41.2%) of the respondents earned between Uganda Shillings 10,000-50,000 followed by (20.4%) who earned between Uganda Shillings 50,000-100,000. While 17.4% of respondents were earning from 100,000-300,000 (15.1%) earned above 300,000 Ugandan shillings whereas the least (5.9%) were earning below 10,000/= per month as shown in Fig 17 below. 53 Fig 4-17: Percentage distribution of households according to their monthly earnings (Bunyoro Zone) Series1, 10,000- 50,000/=, 41.2% % of Respondents Series1, 50,000- 100,000/=, 20.4% Series1, 100,000- 300,000/=, 17.4% Series1, Over- 300,000/=, 15.1% Series1, Below- 10,000/=, 5.9% Household's income Source: Field data, 2012 4.2.3.2 Land Ownership Issues The biggest proportion of 98.7% of the residents indicated that they owned the land where they stayed, followed by tenants at 0.7%. Other proportions of residents were land co-owners (0.4%) while the least of 0.1% of the respondents were living on their pieces of land by licenses. Fig 4-18: Percentage distribution respondents’ means of acquiring land Series1, Bought, 53.9% Series1, Inherited, % of Respondents 35.9% Series1, Just Series1, Renting, Series1, Given as settled, 7.1% 1.6% a gift, 1.5% Way of acquiring land Source: Field data, 2012 54 The majority of the respondents owned the land where they stayed. They had either bought it or inherited it as shown in Fig 4.11 above. Very few of the potentially impacted people had land titles. The majority of the respondents (60.6%) had agreements for the land they occupied, these were followed by (34.7%) of the respondents who reported that they never had any documentation for their living areas. Only 3.1% of the respondents possessed land with land titles whereas 1.6% had tenancy agreements. 4.2.3.3 Distribution of respondents according to household size According to the housing structure in the area where the families live in clustered family units, the household size tends to be big. Subsequently the majority of the respondents in households (64.5%) live in household having 9 people and below. These are followed by those living with 10-19 people (31%) A smallest number of the respondents (2.7%) lived in households with a size of between 20-29 people followed by respondents living 30-39 (1%) in a single household. 4.2.3.4 Functional Analysis of Housing structures The potentially impacted houses / structures had a variation of functions. Table 4- 7below shows that most of the houses that are likely to be encountered will be residential houses at almost 73.4%. Residential / Commercial structures follow at 21.1%. Table 4-75: Percentage distribution on the function of the households’ houses Function of the house Frequency Percentage (%) Residential 497 73.4 Commercial 30 4.4 Rent 4 0.6 Residential/Commercial 143 21.1 Others 3 0.4 Total 677 100 Source: Field data, 2012 4.2.3.5 Water sources and Access Access to safe water within the area is good with the majority of the respondents getting their domestic water from protected wells (52.3%) and those from boreholes are 34.2% . The rest of the respondents got their domestic water from Piped water (7.3%), Rivers/Swamps (5.1%) while 0.9% of respondents have other sources of water and lastly, 0.1% of respondents get their water from Rain. For most people the water source is close to their household with 87% living within a kilometre of their water source. 55 4.3 Ankole Zone 4.3.1 Administrative Units Within the Ankole Zone, the Distribution lines run through the Districts of Ibanda, Kiruhura, and Sembabule covering the following sub counties as shown under Table 4-8 below: - Table 4-8: The sub counties and parishes through which the distribution lines will pass in the Ankole Sub Region DISTRICT Sub County/Town Council Parish/Ward Ibanda Ishongororo Kashozi Nyamarebe Bihanga Kiruhura Buremba Bigutsyo Kijooha Nkungu Nshunga Rwemikoma Migina Rwemikoma Kijuma Bugarihe Burunga Magondo Bitsya -Rwigi Kiguma Kinoni Rwetamu Kaitanturegye Sembabule Lwemiyaga Lwensakale Kakoma 4.3.2 Land Tenure Discussions with the Local Government Authorities indicated that the dominant land tenure in the project area is customary land tenure system. Otherwise most of the dairy cattle farmers have started to lease their land and do have lease hold title deeds. 4.3.3 Population Within the Ankole zone, the Power Distribution Project area falls within the Districts of Ibanda, Kiruhura and Sembabule. The different Sub counties and parishes together with their populations are shown in Table 4-9 below. These are the directly affected Sub counties traversed by the proposed road project. 56 Table 4-9: Estimated 2012 Population Distribution in the Directly Affected Parishes within Ibanda, Kiruhura and Sembabule Districts District County Sub County Parishes Male Female Total Pop Pop Ibanda Nyamarebe Nyamarebe Bihanga 6,200 4,100 10,300 Ishongororo Kashozi 4,700 4,900 9,600 Kiruhura Buremba Burunga Bitsya-Rwigi 1,700 1,500 3,200 Kiguma 2,500 2,300 4,800 Magondo 1,600 1,500 3,100 Buremba Buremba Kijooba 3,400 3,400 6,800 Bigutsyo 2,500 2,500 5,000 Nshunga 3,300 3,300 6,600 Nkungu 5,900 5,800 11,700 Rwemikoma Rwemikoma Kijuma 2,300 2,100 4,400 Migina 2,100 2,000 4,100 Rwemikoma 2,300 2,100 4,400 Bugarihe 2,000 1,900 3,900 Kinoni Kinoni Kaitanturegye 2,100 1,900 4,000 Rwetamu 1,900 1,800 3,700 Sembabule Sembabule Lwemiyaga Lwensakale 2,000 2,000 4,000 Kakoma 1,800 1,800 3,600 Total 48,300 44,900 93,200 Source: Adapted from the estimates for the 2012 Population by UBOS From Table 4-9, the affected population within the directly affected parishes is 93,200 of which 48,300 are male and 44,900 are female (UBOS estimates for 2012 Population statistics). Apart from Trading Centres, most of the homesteads are widely scattered on large Dairy cattle farms apart from the Ibanda side where there are more agriculturalists. 4.3.4 Ethnic Composition The dominant ethnic composition in Sembabule, Kiruhura and Ibanda Districts are the Banyankole. There is an increasing number of Bakiga in both Ibanda and Kiruhura most of whom have come as workers on farms. Within Lwemiyaga in Sembabule District the number of Banyankore is lower with Baganda providing over 40% of the population. It is significant to note that these ethnic groups are mostly homogenous and speak the same language; there being little difference between Rukiga and Runyankole dialects. Those in Lwemiyaga have become bi-lingual with most Luganda Speakers 57 freely speaking Runyankore and vice versa. They are all patrilineal with men dominating the decision making process. 4.3.5 4.4.5 Community livelihood Housing and settlements In general, settlement patterns within the area are not planned and none of the RGC had a structure plan. Nevertheless, housing in Kiruhhura district is well developed with most of the dairy farms having good permanent residential structures. These are the type that can use electricity easily. In Ibanda, there is a mixture of settlements with some being clustered and those on dairy farms being scattered. There are a number of Trading Centres and Rural Growth Centres that will benefit from the grid extension. The main centres to benefit include Kashozi, Bihanga, Kanyarigiri, Buremba, Nkungu, Migina, Buhembe, Kijuma, Rwemikooma and Burunga. All these will have transformers of 50KVA or above. Housing within these RGC’s is mixed and in many ways contrasts with the rather executive housing at dairy farms. Most of the houses are made of bricks and iron sheet roofs. Most of the land especially is customary although many people have recently acquired leasehold titles for the lands where their farms are located. Most of the land is under dairy cattle farms or planted with Matoke plantations and some subsistence crops. 58 Fig 4-19 Starting from left bottom a) Buremba RGC b) Upcoming Residential House in Kashozi c) Overlooking Bihanga barracks that will benefit from the Power Project; Energy In both Ibanda and Kiruhura Districts, firewood continues to be the main power source for cooking and heating. An increasing number of houses had solar energy for lighting with the majority depending on kerosene. There are a number of Milk cooling centres that use thermal generator for provision of electric power (Fig 4-20). Such milk coolers will benefit from the power project. Fig: 20 A milk cooling centre (of 12,000 litre capacity) that uses a thermal generator in Kiruhura 4.3.6 Detailed social analysis (Ankole Zone) As was the case for the data from the Bunyoro zone, various social indicators were analysed and are outlined below. 59 4.3.6.1 Population Characteristics / Dynamics All the respondents interviewed were adults as there was no child-headed household found among the selected groups who were interviewed. The majority of the people interviewed were males (about 84.1% while the rest were women). As was the case in the Bunyoro zone, in the local community, males are the decision makers and will be the ones to make the decision whether to use the electricity in their homes or not. Also traditionally the land and its ownership are biased towards the male gender. This is expected because of the society which is mostly patrilineal. Otherwise most of the respondents were within the working age bracket (30-60 years) at about 71%. There were a fairly significant number of aged people (above 60 years) whose proportion was about 19.9%. From the analysis most of the respondents fall in the category of 30 to 50 years at 52.8%. The average age among all the respondents was 46.38 and most of the respondents were aged 40 years. The median age of the respondents was 45 years. The oldest person according to the survey was aged 91 years while the youngest was of age 18 leading to a wide range of 73 years. Overall however, this may be described as a fairly youthful population which can indulge in productive work and are therefore not vulnerable. 4.3.6.2 Education and marital status The majority of respondents were married (88.8%) followed by those who were single (7%). Few of the respondents were widowed (4.5%) and the least were separated at (0.2%) as shown in Fig 4-21below. This is a major indication that the families in the region are highly stable. Fig 4-21: Percentage distribution of respondents according to their marital status Percentage,Percentage, Percentage, Single, Widowed, Missing, 7.0%, 7.0% 4.5%, 4.5% 0%, 0.2% Percentage, Seperated, 0.2%, 0.2% Percentage, Married, 88%, 88.0% Source: Field data, 2012 60 The biggest percentage of respondents had attained primary education (47%) followed by those with at least secondary education and those that never attended (21%) and the minimum number of respondents had acquired tertiary education with 8% (See Fig 16). These results are consistent with what is expected in the rural set up where fewer respondents have acquired relatively higher educational levels. Although this level of education may be considered as just modest it is expected that with adequate sensitisation, they will be able to use grid electricity. Interestingly, unlike in the Bunyoro zone, a larger number of respondents had had totally no education (21%). Table 4-22: Percentage distributions of respondents according to their highest level of education. Percentage, Primary, 47% Percentage, Percentage, Never Secondary, attended, 21% 21% Percentage, Tertiary, 8% Percentage, Missing, 3% Source: Field data, 2012 4.4.6.3 Religious composition Like in most parts of Uganda, most respondents professed to belong to some established faith. The majority of the respondents confessed to Christianity. Under religious affiliations of respondents, Protestants merged out with the majority of overall number of respondents (74.1%), these were followed by the Roman Catholics (17.3%). Traditionalists followed with 3.0%, Born again with 1.1% and others like the Adventists accounted for only 0.7%. 4.3.6.3 Incomes As stated above, for most of the respondents, most of their income was from farming (67.3% - either from dairy farming or agriculture). These were followed by traders (17.0%) and public servants at 3.6% of the respondents were civil servants. The 61 majority of the respondents are in the income bracket of from Uganda shillings 100,000/= to 200,000/= as shown in Fig 4-23. There is a significant number of people earning above 300,000/= (26%) which is a sign of wealth in the area. Fig 4-23: Percentage distribution of households according to their monthly earnings Percent, Up to Percent, 100,001 - 50,000, 43% 200,000, 56% Percent, 50,001 - Percent, Above 100,000, 29% Percent, 200,001 - 300,001, 26% 300,000, 18% Percentage Income Source: Field data, 2012 4.3.6.4 Land Ownership Issues The biggest proportion of 98.2% of the residents indicated that they owned the land where they stayed, followed by licensee’s at 0.7%. Other proportions of residents were land co-owners (0.5%) while the least of 0.2% of the respondents were living on their pieces of land by tenancy agreements. Fig 4-24: Percentage distributions of respondents’ means of acquiring land Means of Aquiring the land 70.00 60.00 Proportin in category 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 - Bought Enherited Gifted Others How acquired Source: Field data, 2012 62 As stated above, the majority of the respondents owned the land where they stayed. They had either bought it or inherited it as shown in (Fig 18) above. The majority of the respondents (65.9%) had bought land, followed by (26.4%) who inherited, (4.8%) of the respondents got land as gifts, (1.8%) had just settled on the land on which they stay and the rest of 0.9% of the residents were renting. 4.3.6.5 Distribution of respondents according to household size Many of the respondents were cattle keepers the majority of whom have fairly large household units. Subsequently the majority of the respondents in households (81.4%) live in household having 9 people and below. These are followed by those living with 10-19 people (17.3%) A smallest number of the respondents (0.2%) lived in households with a size of from 20-29 and beyond. Most of the houses are residential houses. 4.3.6.6 Water sources and Access Access to safe water within the area is good with the majority of the respondents getting their domestic water from boreholes (37%) followed by those who collect from protected wells (24%) and 5% get harvested rain water contributing to a total of 66% of good portable water. Only 13% of the respondents get their water from swamps. Most people (63.9%) get their domestic water at water sources less than 1km away followed by those who got their water from between 1 - 2km (19.8%) from their households. The rest of the respondents got their domestic water from a distance of 2-3km (8.2%), 3-4km (2.5%) while the remainder collected their water from over 4km away from their households (2.3%). 63 5 CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES Bunyoro Zone During the initial survey, there appeared to be a concern regarding the short stretch of 3.7 kilometres that crossed the Budongo Central Forest Reserve. From the onset therefore it became necessary to consult widely with various stakeholders (especially the NFA and REA) on the potential alternatives in order to minimize the likely environmental impacts. Among others, a meeting conducted at the REA headquarters on Windsor Loop, Kamwokya, Kampala, on 24th May 2012 to discuss the likely alternatives and to try and arrive at an optimum alternative. There was a fear that passing the line through Budongo Central Forest Reserve (Figure 19) was likely to lead to a number of environmental impacts to the CFR. Subsequently a number of alternatives shown in Table 5.1 were considered. As shown in Fig 19 below, the line length to pass through the CFR is approximately 3.7 km in the Buliisa side of Budongo Central Forest Reserve. Else where the line passes at the edge of the CFR and would not directly impact it. Fig 5-1: The proposed line will pass along the section of the Road reserve that is located in the CFR The distance crossed by the line within the CFR is 3.7km 64 Table 5-1: Results of a meeting conducted at REA headquarters on 24th May 2012 to consider the alternatives Alternative Action Impacts and challenges A This alternative is the one which  A number of trees and other allows the line to follow the species will be cut/impacted present road alignment along the from the right of way, in addition road reserve. Although UNRA has to selectively cutting tall ones not yet acquired the Road Reserve, it is known that the road that are likely to fall during reserve is at least 15metres on maintenance periods. either side of the road from the centre. B This alternative envisages the use  The cost per kilometer is of an underground cable. While prohibitive the cable will limit biodiversity  After 1 kilometer of cabling, the loss, some trees and shrubs will benefits are reported to go be destroyed during the down making the UGC not installation. It is not as much as feasible; the initial case in Alternative A.  Breakdowns are more common with a cable and when they occur they could be difficult to trace unless very elaborate and costly ICT based measures for detecting faults are put in place. C The Line is recommended to pass  The proposed area is sparsely around the CFR so that it can populated, while the total avoid the 3.7km stretch. This distance is over 30 km. alternative would live the CFR intact. It would also lead to  It also crosses a number of extending power to more people wetlands which would increase within the rural areas as per the the cost of the project beyond mandate of REA. the targeted budget of the developer.  The estimated cost per kilometer is about 50,000 USD which would increase the cost appreciably. D Getting power from two  The distance involved is 45km different sources such that each which will push up the cost. The side of the CFR gets from the 65 nearest centre. In this case the other option is to get the power Masindi side of the CFR would from the WAKI Mini-Hydro get the power from Masindi. The Station which will soon be Bulindi side would have to get it online. from Hoima or Waki. In the case of Hoima, there will be need to  The challenge here is that there extend the 33KV grid line from will still be a need to construct a Hoima to Biso so that the power 33KV grid to Hoima from whence can be extended to the Buliisa side of the CFR. the power can now be extended to the CFR. E This is the do-nothing alternative  However the community has whereby there is no 33KV power been waiting for the power and extension. This alternative will development in this area is leave the CFR intact. hinged on the presence of grid electricity.  This alternative was not favored. Preferred alternative and mitigations: Alternative A is the most preferred both on the economic and environmental view points. This alternative would entail clearing a minimum road reserve of 10 metres on one side of the road, resulting in at most a total loss of forest area of 3.7 hectares (10m x 3700m). Considering from the environmental viewpoint a loss of forest generalists, forest edge bent, and fast growing species mostly of the genera Funtumia, Markhamia, Maesopsis and Antiaris would not significantly affect the ecology of the forest. Even then the loss of ecological services would easily be mitigated by planting an equal or more forest area outside but near Budongo Central Forest Reserve (CFR). 5.1 Multi – Criteria Analysis (MCA) for the Optimum Choice In order to determine the most optimum choice for the Distribution line through the CFR, the following has been done. On a scale of 0.00 to 1.00, the negative impact is estimated and then the total is provided. A comparison of the total score gives the likely choices regarding the options. The worst case scores zero while the better (no impact) case scores 1. The relevant data has been analyzed using an Excel spread sheet. 66 Table 5-2Multi-Criteria Analysis for the five Options for the Masindi - Waki - Buliisa, and Nkonge - Kashozi 33KV Distribution line Project Variable Impact Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Removal of Biodiversity of conservation value 0.4 0.2 0.35 0.2 0.1 Ease of maintenance of the line 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.4 0 Cost of construction of the line 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.8 0 Actual distance covered by the line 0.027 0.027 0.3 0.78 0 Providing additional services to communities 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.9 Impact on wetlands across the line 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.1 Benefit to the economy due to grid extension 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.9 Impact on Infrastructure 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 Ease of dealing with Impacted communities 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.2 Impact on Burial grounds / cultural sites 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 Impact on Trading Centres 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.8 Disruption of Communities 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.1 Estimated Compensation Costs 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.1 Total score 3.227 3.227 5.65 6.48 3.5 From the MCA above, it is surprising that Option A and B are comparable and the more preferred options based on the selected Environmental and social indicators and taking into consideration the negative environmental / social Impacts of the Distribution Line construction, Option D is the least preferred choice. As a result of this analysis, the client will have to make a choice between Option A and Option B. However, it should be noted that option B is technically more expensive because of the initial investments and operational costs. For Option A, any cut trees will be compensated for. If this is done, the NFA will do enrichment planting within the forest to substitute for any loss. Enrichment planting will be done using the same indigenous species as those which have been removed. Having had discussions with the Officials from the National Forestry Authority (NFA) – the EIA & Planning Specialist, who say that the compensation for the removed trees would be in order, this study proposes that Option A should be preferred. This Project Brief therefore has prioritised Alternative A. Ankole Zone: 67 In the Ankole area, only two alternatives were considered since the line will go along the present road alignment. There are no impediments which were noticed. The no project alternative was considered however. While this will be of no direct cost to the Client (REA), it is observed that it will be costly to the local community. For example many milk processing plants were encountered which were relying on thermal generators which are very costly. In addition these generators emit a lot of Green House gases in addition to other polluting emissions such as sulfur oxides. For these reasons this option / alternative was not taken. 68 6 CHAPTER 6: ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Chapter4 above describes the environmental setting for the proposed Masindi - Waki - Buliisa, and –Nkonge - Kashozi 33KV Distribution lines Project and has direct bearing on the legal and institutional framework (see Chapter 2 of this report). While the power lines construction will lead to some environmental impacts, the future operation of the power system could also lead to yet a different type of impacts. It is noted that the construction of the 33kv Distribution Line has potential to impact on the sensitive ecological areas such as Forests, wetlands in addition to possible disruption of a number of socio economic activities due to cutting of crops and trees and limiting use in the land that is within the Right of Way of the Distribution line. Fortunately, construction of the distribution line does not require a large labour force that could lead to community disruption. The workforce at its peak may be about 20 to 40 people. Although small there is possibility that such a construction labour force could introduce a few community related impacts (both positive and negative). This chapter therefore, serves to assess the identified potentially significant environmental impacts associated with the proposed extension of the power grid and proposes recommendations for the mitigation measures of these impacts. The purpose of identifying significant impacts is to inform the decision-makers such that an informed and robust consent decision can be made. The detailed description of each of the identified impacts for the different phases of the project cycle is described in the following subsections. The impacts are classified as impacts during the design/survey stage, the construction phase and during the operational phase. 6.1 Positive Impacts The positive Impacts will mostly be observed after the construction phase although there are some short term benefits during the actual construction. There are those benefits of a social nature while a few will benefit the biophysical environment. 6.1.1 Positive Biophysical Impacts Reduced environmental degradation: The main positive biophysical impacts will be manifested in the reduced environmental degradation throughout the project area. They are indirect positive impacts. These will include the reduction in cutting of trees for firewood. Presently charcoal was not a major activity in the project area although it is potentially likely to be a major concern with increased development coming up in the area. In the long term the use of electricity will ease the pressure on use of fuel- wood and charcoal and forest destruction may stop if the power generated is affordable to the population. The catch however here is that the power must be 69 affordable and that is why the majority of the respondents have called for a government subsidy to enable more people access the grid electricity. 6.1.2 Positive Social Impacts The 33kv distribution line will generate some positive social impacts as well. The major positive impact will be job creation and improvement of skills for the local communities. These impacts are described fully in the following paragraphs. Job Creation: During construction, the local community is likely to be employed as casual workers and service providers (e.g. food vendors etc). This is a direct impact of the development. During operation more power will be available through the distribution lines to boost job creation further. This will lead to new and in some cases additional industries which depend on the use of electricity. The other direct positive impacts include the extension of small scale industries such as metal fabrication, milling, furniture workshops, hair and beauty saloons and Battery Charging deeper into the villages which has hither to not been the case. Already the Milk industry is experiencing high production costs due to the use of thermal generators. The introduction of grid electricity will remarkably reduce the use of thermal generators which is both economically and environmentally beneficial. Table 6-1: Enhancement options regarding Impact on Improved Skills in Local Communities Extent Intensity Duration Consequence Probability Significance Status Confidence Short- With no Local Medium Low term Definite LOW + Medium mitigation 1 2 1 4 Key optimisation measures:  Maximise the hiring of unskilled workers from the local communities and semi-skilled workers from the region;  Design mechanisms in order to ensure that the hiring and recruitment procedures are carried out in a transparent and fair way, co-ordinated with the community;  Ensure employment opportunities on an equal footing between women and men;  Identify those goods and services required by the project as may be supplied locally (for example food, cleaning), and encourage and support local enterprises in the production of these goods and services. Short- With Regional High Medium term Definite MEDIUM + Medium mitigation 2 3 1 6 Impact on Improved Skills for Local Communities 70 Unskilled labourers from the local communities employed on the project would benefit not only from increased income but also general life skills development (e.g. safety awareness), as well as from technical skills training. This will improve their ability to obtain employment in the future, with associated benefits to their families and dependants, resulting in a long-term benefit. These are indirect positive impacts of the development which could be enhanced by putting in place appropriate enhancement measures. The potential positive impact of improved skills in local communities is assessed to be of low significance without optimisation and medium with optimisation. Table 6-2: Enhancement options regarding Impact on Improved Skills in Local Communities Duratio Probabilit Confide Extent Intensity Consequence Significance Status n y nce Short- With no Local Medium Very Low Insignifican term Possible + Medium mitigation t 1 2 1 4 Key optimisation measures:  Maximise the employment of unskilled labour from local communities.  Maximise the hiring of unskilled workers from the local communities and semi-skilled workers from the region.  Carry out capacity-building and training programs for the unskilled workers so that they can increase their employability for other similar jobs Long- With Local Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM + Medium mitigation 1 2 3 6 Other Positive Impacts specific to the 33kv Distribution Lines include the following: - Improved quality of production and work: When the power is introduced at the different health centres, schools and respective administrative headquarters (e.g. at Buremba, Rwemikoma, and Nkungu Sub County H/Qs in the Ankole Zone and at Trading Centres of Biiso, Butiaba, Buliisa in the Bunyoro zone among others) and other working areas such as workshops, the quality of work is expected to improve as well as the comfort of the working community. This is especially true with respect to the Milk cooling plants across the entire district. For example in Rushere Town Council where the grid has reached, the daily milk collection is 300,000 litres. The same will happen further inland with the provision of grid power. This may lead to work satisfaction and improved 71 efficiency. In Bunyoro zone where agriculture is the main economic activity, the provision will lead to increased agro-based industries. Table 6-3: Enhancement options regarding Impact on Increased Opportunities for Small Business Development and Entrepreneurs Extent Intensity Duration Consequence Probability Significance Status Confidence short- With no Regional Medium Low term Possible Very LOW + Medium mitigation 2 2 1 5 Key optimization measures:  Put priority on Local and Ugandan contractors and suppliers of goods and services.  Encourage and support firms from the locality in producing the goods and services required. Short- With Regional High Medium term Probable MEDIUM + Medium mitigation 2 3 1 6 Impact on Education To date the schools in the project area cannot fully exploit their potential due to lack of grid electricity. The introduction of electric power would enhance school standards enabling village schools to compete with their counterparts in urban centres. This is true for stakeholders in both the Bunyoro and Ankole zones of the project area. Table 6-4: Enhancement Options regarding impacts on Education Extent Intensity Duration Consequence Probability Significance Status Confidence long- With no Regional Medium Low term Possible LOW + Medium mitigation 2 2 1 5 Key optimisation measures:  Reduce initial connection fees to institutions of learning.  Sensitise Schools and other end-users on the use of electricity so that they can reduce costs and waste Short- With Regional High Medium term Probable MEDIUM + Medium mitigation 2 3 2 7 72 Impact on Agro-based Industries: As stated above, the main economic activity in the Ankole Zone of the project area is dairy farming. This will greatly benefit from grid electricity. In Ibanda part of the project, the community have to take what they produce to mill closer to Ibanda town, a distance of about 20km which is costly. The same challenge is manifested across the project area within the Bunyoro Zone. For these communities it will be possible to add value to agricultural produce using electricity supported technology and thereby improving the overall standard of living in the area. Table 6-5: Enhancement Options regarding Impact on Agro-based industries Extent Intensity Duration Consequence Probability Significance Status Confidence short- With no Regional Medium medium term Possible Medium + Medium mitigation 2 2 2 6 Key optimisation measures:  Reduce initial connection fees to newly established agricultural industries.  Sensitise industries , Local Government and other end-users on the use of electricity so that they can reduce costs and waste Medium- With Regional High Medium term Probable MEDIUM + Medium mitigation 2 3 2 7 Impact on Existing Infrastructure: - The 33 kv Distribution Line when fully operational will improve the existing social facilities (schools, water, and health units) in areas which have hitherto been without grid electricity. The proposed development of Infrastructure like schools, workshops, hospitals, recreational facilities such as playground and places of entertainment among others are some of the positive impacts that would be realised in the project area. This will improve the quality of life for the affected communities in particular and the overall population in general. Table 6-6: Enhancement options regarding Impact on existing infrastructure 73 Extent Intensity Duration Consequence Probability Significance Status Confidence short- With no Regional Medium Low term Possible Very LOW + Medium mitigation 2 2 1 5 Key optimisation measures:  Government funded facilities such as administrative units, health facilities, and school should be prioritised among those to be connected to the grid.  Sensitise end-users on the use of electricity so that they can reduce costs and waste Short- With Regional High Medium term Probable MEDIUM + Medium mitigation 2 3 1 6 Overall improvement in Quality of Life: - Through night time lighting within residences and the use of electrical appliances in the home, it is possible to greatly enhance the quality of life. This will also affect the services provided by health facilities such as immunization and blood transfusion. It was observed that within Kiruhura district there is rapid development such that most farms have fairly modern buildings and structures which will benefit from grid electricity. It is anticipated therefore that full scale utilization of electrical energy will be almost immediate for most of these affluent dairy farmers in the project Area. Apart from urban areas, the immediate use of electricity within the Bunyoro zone will take some time. In the long term, however, all communities will benefit. 6.1.3 Summary of measures to Enhance Positive Impacts for the 33kv line The main challenges to electricity consumption are the following: -  High tariffs (including the initial connection fee);  Bureaucracy making it difficult for the ordinary person to connect to the power;  A complicated billing system;  Wastage of electricity due to misuse and wastage; In order to minimize these and encourage communities to benefit from the newly introduced power in the sub counties it is proposed as follows: -  End-Users should be sensitized on the use of electricity so that they reduce waste which could otherwise have discouraged them from enjoying the facility. For example they could be encouraged to use energy saving techniques including energy saving bulbs, efficient technologies, and only switching on when the power is in use. 74  The billing system should be explained to end users to avoid abrupt disconnections and loss of faith in the system;  Prepayment metres should be installed so that the user can monitor consumption easily  The Service provider should reduce on bureaucracy and hire the services of a public relations officer for effect;  The project should reduce initial connection fees to entice end-users to connect; 6.2 Potential Impacts at Design Stage During the design stage, the likely impacts will be minimal, except the need to sensitise and conduct consultations ensuring that the different stakeholders have made their input. This will be most appropriate in preparation for a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) which has been done due to the anticipated removal of some crops, trees and putting limitations on the use of the ROW/Way leave. It is important to note that during the sensitisation many people’s expectations may have been raised beyond what the project can deliver in the short term. Mitigation measures at Design Stage: -  The main measure is to ensure that all stakeholders have been contacted and their concerns incorporated in the design. Secondly adequate consultations regarding the state of the social environment must be made and have been done.  It will be necessary to ensure that the Local Government who provide the enabling environment are fully contacted at the design stage, an act which has been accomplished.  Additional sensitisation and sharing of correct information is a recommended way of harmonising people’s expectations with the project progress on the ground. 6.3 Potential Impacts during Construction It is during construction when a few more impacts are likely to be encountered. The paragraphs below highlight these impacts as well as the potential mitigation measures starting with the Biological impacts. 6.3.1 Biological Impacts Impacts on Flora In the case of the Bunyoro zone, Clearance along the Right of Way/Way Leave and for access roads will impact on vegetation cover especially within the CFR of Budongo 75 and other private forest areas. In all a total of about 3.7 km will be impacted. The most intense effect will be during the construction phase, when the ROW will be cleared and during operational phase when the ROW has to be maintained. Within the wetland areas, the line will pass within the road reserve such that wetland ecology will be protected. In Ankole zone, the main concern is the likely impact on private woodlots which in many cases have been planted right to the road edge. These will be removed. Impact on loss of vegetation / habitat Table 6-7: Mitigation options regarding Impacts on Flora Intensit Duratio Conseque Probabilit Extent Significance Status Confidence y n nce y Long- Without Local High High term Definite Medium – Medium mitigation 1 3 3 7 Key mitigation measures:  Ensure that the habitats are not disturbed by limiting the Line along the road reserve of the existing road alignment.  Limit clearance for construction work and inspection to the necessary extent.  Remove as much vegetation as possible by hand and avoid the use of heavy machinery, especially in sloping areas and sensitive areas  Compensate for the trees and crops lost/cut down during power line construction. Short With Local Low Very Low term Definite Low – Medium mitigation 1 1 2 4 Impact on Wetlands Within Ankole zone, the wetlands are seasonal while in the Bunyoro zone many are permanent. Wetlands are often the few areas that have remained with remnants of the original biodiversity despite massive encroachment. Fortunately the line will not pass through these wetlands because the design of the Distribution Line is such that it will pass along the present road alignment. Nevertheless it will be important that care is taken not to silt wetlands further. 76 Table 6-8: Mitigation options regarding Impacts on Wetlands Consequenc Probabili Statu Confidenc Extent Intensity Duration Significance e ty s e Medium- Without Regional Medium Medium term Probable Medium – Medium mitigation 2 2 2 6 Key mitigation measures:  Clearance for construction work and inspection shall be limited to the necessary extent.  At completion of construction works areas not needed for the distribution process will be replanted as long as the security of the line is not impeded ensuring that indigenous species are used in the replanting;  The holes for poles close to wetland areas shall be back filled using imported suitable gravel material in such quantities that will be just enough to stabilize the hole with no extra soil to silt the wetland. Excess soils will be evacuated;  H/M member structures shall be used in wetland areas to avoid/minimise impact on wetlands. short- With Regional Low Very Low term Probable Low – Medium mitigation 2 1 1 4 6.3.2 Physical Impacts Alteration to Public Health due to noise, vibration and fugitive dust and other emissions Due to the nature of distribution lines which use wooden poles, the excavations will be minimal. However there will be a slight increase in the movement of vehicles used in ferrying construction materials such as poles, distribution wires (conductors) and transformers which may impact on people living close to the construction corridor /zone. Ordinarily, the noise levels within the project area are those consistent with a rural setting such that any unusual noise would be easily noticed by the community. The main sources of noise will be any cranes if and when used to lift heavy equipment and heavy vehicles used in transporting the equipments and other construction materials. The characteristic noise levels for a crane are up 95dB which is already in excess of the limit as described in the Regulations. The likely impacts will be on the workers, and nearby community. There was no measurement of noise levels in this village rural setting as it was obvious that there were no sources of noise beyond the limits as set up in the Regulations. The noise levels were consistent with a rural setting. The time of study coincided with the onset of the rains so that the dust levels were low (in the case of the Bunyoro Zone). Within the Ankole zone, dust is more likely as 77 the area is prone to drought and there some exposed patches of land due to overgrazing. However from the Climatological considerations and the nature of the soils, the roads can be dusty during dry seasons in both zones. During the dry season, vehicles transporting materials as well as the construction workers are likely to raise considerable amounts of dust. Although these impacts will be moderate and of a short term nature they will need to be mitigated against. Dust does have a tendency to alter the air quality which can have a negative indirect impact on the well-being of the neighbouring communities, possibly altering people’s health status. This impact is rated as of medium significance in the absence of mitigation and very low with mitigation. It should be noted that this impact is largely confined mainly to the construction phase of the project and is likely to affect people very close to the road and near the construction zone only. Table 6-9: Mitigation Options for the Impact on the Alteration of Public Health Extent Intensity Duration Consequence Probability Significance Status Confidence Long- With no Local Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM - Medium mitigation 1 2 3 6 Key mitigation measures:  Promote dust abatement measures such as control of construction traffic speed limits;  Maintain and inspect all equipment and machinery to ensure that they are in good working order and do not produce excessive fumes and noise,  Workers who can make a lot of noise will be cautioned so that they do not make unnecessary noise during construction;  Maintain safety measures in order to ensure the health and well-being of the workers.  All workers will be required to wear full PPE especially those operating cranes and those adjacent to such noise emitters.  Vehicles transporting materials will be required to observe speed limits especially within population centres in order to reduce dust levels;  During extremely dry conditions when dust becomes a major hazard, dust suppression measures will be undertaken near working areas especially if they are close to settlements. Such suppression measures include water spraying using water sprinkler vehicles to sprinkle the road networks leading to the locations under construction regularly; Medium- With Local Low Low term Potential LOW . Medium mitigation 1 1 2 4 Impacts on soil The risk of erosion would be higher where there is an increase in land slope. This could occur in the area where the hills are steep. Within the Bunyoro zone, this is most likely across the escarpment and in some parts of Budongo Sub County where the hills are fairly steep. Elsewhere the drainage is restricted. In Ankole zone the 78 steep hills are within Ibanda District where erosion could be of concern. In most of Sembabule and Kiruhura, the hills are undulating and the slope is gentle. Erosion will be of concern where the soil is exposed due to overgrazing, especially in Sembabule District. The nature of the construction will not lead to serious excavation such that little soil will be exposed. Clearing of vegetation to make way for the ROW will also be limited to cutting grass/ vegetation above ground and not by excavation. Subsequently erosion due to excavations will be minimal or non-existent. Nevertheless it is recommended that any areas which will be exposed for any reason should be rehabilitated as soon as possible to prevent possible soil erosion. Rehabilitation will be by replanting the area, or returning the top soil so that grass can naturally grow. Impacts on Drainage and Water Resources The nature of works will not lead to serious impacts on the drainage and water sources. This is because wooden poles will be used which do not require deep excavation. Although not significant, earthworks do have the potential to release suspended particles into water, which could have temporary detrimental effects on water organisms. This can happen close to wetlands. Table 6-10: Mitigation options regarding Deposition into wetlands and waterways etc. Consequenc Probabili Statu Confidenc Extent Intensity Duration Significance e ty s e Long Local Medium Medium Without term Probable Medium - Medium mitigation 1 2 3 6 Key mitigation measures:  Only the existing roads will be used and no construction of roads will be encouraged;  No poles will be constructed within drainage lines;  Excavations within drainage canals will not be allowed even if of a temporary nature Long With Local Low Low Term Probable Low - Medium mitigation 1 1 3 5 Hazardous Materials and Waste The issue of POPs and PCBs should not arise because the Transformers procured and used by REA do not have the said pollutants. It is noted that REA procures transformers filled to the required level with new, unused, clean, standard mineral oil 79 in compliance with IEC 296 and free from all traces of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds. REA will procure and ensure delivery and use of 33Kv Transformers using the following specifications: “The transformers procured shall conform to latest edition of appropriate EC specifications and/or other recognized International Standards in particular: IEC 60060, IEC60071, IEC60076, IEC, IEC 60137, IEC 60156, IEC 60126, IEC60354, IEC 60529, IEC60551, IEC60606, IEC60616, IEC60722, IEC60733, B.S. 148 and BS5493. The specifications cover oil immersed, naturally air cooled (type ONAN), outdoor type, three phase, 50Hz, 33/0.433 KV step down distribution transformers of all capacities�. For this reason, it is therefore not likely that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) which has high health risks will arise. Other hazardous materials in this sector include sulphur hexafluoride as well as other fuels in addition to chemicals for wood preservation (such as Creosote and or Tanalith that are mostly used in the region) especially for the 33kv Distribution line (Table6-11). . Table 6-11: Mitigation options regarding Impacts due to Hazardous Materials and Waste Consequenc Probabili Statu Confidenc Extent Intensity Duration Significance e ty s e Short Local Medium Low Without term Probable Low - Medium mitigation 1 2 1 4 Key mitigation measures:  The Stockholm Convention is a global treaty to protect human health from Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) of which PCBs are one of them. REA will adhere to their stated procurement guidelines ( as stated above) ensuring that all their t ransformers shall conform to latest edition of appropriate EC specifications and/or other recognized International Standards in particular: IEC 60060, IEC60071, IEC60076, IEC, IEC 60137, IEC 60156, IEC 60126, IEC60354, IEC 60529, IEC60551, IEC60606, IEC60616, IEC60722, IEC60733, B.S. 148 and BS5493; and  Poles should be pre-treated at a designated facility to ensure chemical fixation and prevent leaching into the soil among others.  Workers shall be provided with all the relevant PPE to avoid direct contact with creosote from treated poles. Properly seasoned poles shall be procured. Short With Local Low Very Low Term Probable Very Low - Medium mitigation 1 1 1 3 6.3.3 Negati ve Social Impacts during construction of the 33kv Distribution Line Apart from the negative physical and biological impacts stated above, the project will also lead to some negative social impacts. These require mitigation as well. This Social Impact study provides some of the proposed measures to minimize the adverse impacts. 80 Land Take and loss of crops and trees along the ROW and Access points: As stated above, the 33kv Distribution line will pass along the current road alignment and within the road reserves all the way in both the Bunyoro and Ankole zones. There will be no land take and the project is not mandated to take land. However trees, perennial crops and other crops like fruit trees which fall within the ROW will be removed leading to losses to the individuals affected. Table 6-12: Mitigation Options regarding land take. Extent Intensity Duration Consequence Probability Significance Status Confidence Long- With no Local Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM - Medium mitigation 1 2 3 6 Key mitigation measures:  Ensure that land take is minimized by following the road alignment for the distribution line;  Compensate all crops and trees at the going rates and in line with the latest Respective District Compensation rates;  A RAP has been conducted to ascertain the extent of compensation for each affected individual; Short- With Local Low Low term Possible VERY LOW - Medium mitigation 1 1 1 3 Population Influx: The workforce at the project during the peak of construction will be composed of a limited number of skilled workers with about twice that number for non-skilled workers. Maximum workforce will be at most 40 people. The non- skilled workers are likely to be recruited from the local neighbourhood. On the other hand the total workforce will not be sedentary in one place as they will move along the line as they progress. This impact therefore is likely to be minimal as there will be no external people working at the site for a prolonged length of time. 81 Table 6-13: Mitigation options regarding Population Influx Extent Intensity Duration Consequence Probability Significance Status Confidence Long- With no Regional Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM - Medium mitigation 2 2 3 7 Key mitigation measures:  The Project Management will closely work with leadership especially the LCs to hire local people to do most of the casual jobs at the project in response to numerous calls by respondents;  Identification tags / uniform will be provided to all the workers supposed to be working on the project sites and such identifications which will be property of the Project management will be withdrawn from workers when not engaged in the project work;  Good public relations will be maintained between the local community, the Local leadership and the Developer; Short- With Local Low Low term Possible VERY LOW - Medium mitigation 1 2 1 4 Security of Construction Materials The concern about security is in respect of vandalism whereby electricity transformers are emptied of transformer oil as well as other conductors. This is bad for the project and dangerous to the lives of the would be vandals. This impact may affect the 33kv Distribution line. The impact may be described as Negative and moderate to serious. Table 6-14: Mitigation options regarding security Extent Intensity Duration Consequence Probability Significance Status Confidence Long- With no Regional Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM - Medium mitigation 2 2 3 7 Key mitigation measures:  The Project Management will sensitise the community about the negative effects of stealing and vandalising electrical installation through radio announcements and at community meetings.  During construction the developer to hire only those workers who have been vetted by their local LC councils/chairmen;  Equipment to be guarded during construction and all workers will be provided with identification tags to reduce intruders to working areas;  Identification tags will be provided to all the workers supposed to be working on the project sites and such identifications which will be property of the Project management will be withdrawn from workers when not engaged in the project work;  Registered Security Guards should be recruited to specifically guard project property.  Work hand in hand with local security officials including the Secretary for Defence at the local level (LC); 82 Short- With Local Low Low term Possible VERY LOW - Medium mitigation 1 1 1 3 Equipment Storage Area and Workers Camp: Due to the nature of work in laying a distribution line it may not be necessary to have a workers camp. When worker’s camps are built they can present social problems due to the high numbers of people within a rural setting which could lead to various social conflicts. The camp may also generate waste that could lead to environmental degradation. The current practice is not to build camps for the construction of distribution lines. Table 6-15: Mitigation Options regarding the Impacts due to Equipment storage areas as appropriate / workers camps Extent Intensity Duration Consequence Probability Significance Status Confidence Long- With no Local Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM - Medium mitigation 1 3 3 7 Key mitigation measures:  The workers camp will not be constructed, but instead there will be Equipment storage areas as appropriate.  Proper sanitation facilities will be put in place at the Equipment storage areas;  The Contractor shall be required to put in place a waste management plan for the equipment storage area. Other bio-degradable domestic waste will be dumped in a pit while polythene and plastic materials will be collected and recycled. There are a number of factories which have specialised in recycling plastics.  Hazardous waste such as torch batteries will be containerized and later disposed off through established waste disposal agencies;  Other hazardous waste arising out of chemicals at the storage area will be discharged in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions;  Oils and other petroleum products will be containerised so that they are not allowed to sip into the ground and into the water bodies. Instead they will be sold off or reused as appropriate;  Equipment storage area shall be decommissioned at the end of the project.  Short- With Local Low Low term Possible VERY LOW - Medium mitigation 1 1 1 3 Safety of the Community and that of Workers: During the construction of the Distribution Line as well as during the haulage of heavy construction materials (poles) there is the possibility that both construction and haulage traffic will pose danger to the bona fide travellers including school children as well as to the project staff themselves. Further workers by the nature of the construction works do face possibility of accidents and exposure which is hazardous to the health of the 83 workers. The community especially children who may be anxious to watch the construction activities could be exposed to possible accidents due to the works. Secondly, the concentration of workers with excess liquidity among the poor can lead to the spread of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS. This is a potential impact which could start during construction and will be there long after the construction. Measures will be taken to minimise the potential spread of HIV/AIDS during construction and after. Table 6-16: Mitigation Options regarding the Impacts on Community and workers safety Extent Intensity Duration Consequence Probability Significance Status Confidence Long- With no Regional Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM - Medium mitigation 2 2 3 7 Key mitigation measures:  Put in place Warning Signs on approaches to the working areas to warn bona fide travellers so that they do not get involved in related incidents since the operational areas are near the roads  Fence off storage areas / sites to discourage idlers to the sites;  Sensitise the community through the media and meetings at local levels;  Workers on project activities will be supplied with full Personnel Protection Equipment (PPE) particularly with respect to boots gloves and helmets;  Warn School children through education and sensitisation about the likely dangers of loitering within the construction zone area.  A First-Aid kit to be provided at every active working site and at the equipment storage area. It should be supplied and managed by the Contractor;  During the construction phase workers should be sensitised about HIV/AIDS while condoms (both male and female) will be distributed among the workforce; Short- With Regional Low Low term Possible VERY LOW - Medium mitigation 2 1 1 4 Settlements: - As discussed above, the distribution line will pass along the road reserve following the current road alignment and will not affect any of the settlements. This impact will be minimal. Table 6-17: Mitigation Options Regarding Settlements 84 Extent Intensity Duration Consequence Probability Significance Status Confidence Medium- With no Local Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM - Medium mitigation 1 2 2 5 Key mitigation measures:  The design of the distribution lines passes along the road reserve which are devoid of settlements  The communities to be sensitised regarding the dangers of high voltage overhead conductors.  In the event a pole or any structure targets a house, then changes will be made in the design to avoid disrupting such a house / structure; Short- With Local Low Low term Possible VERY LOW - Medium mitigation 1 1 1 3 Community Stress due to failure to directly benefit from the project: From the discussions which were held at the time of sensitisation, it was clear that the community is expecting some direct benefits from the project including subsidies to the cost of electricity. There is a high likelihood that the project will not meet the inflated expectations of the local community. Such disappointment can translate into local anger and stress leading to interference or even vandalizing of other resources within the project premises. This impact may be described as Negative and slight. Table 6-18: Mitigation Options Regarding increased Electricity demand Extent Intensity Duration Consequence Probability Significance Status Confidence Long- With no Regional Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM - Medium mitigation 2 2 3 7 Key mitigation measures:  In liaison with the District Administration the Developer will extend some benefits to the neighbouring community. This will be through the project extending power to schools and community centres such as health centres;  The developer will maintain a good corporate image by enhancing public relations between the community and the developer; and  Sensitisation and community education is recommended; Short- With Regional Low Low term Possible VERY LOW - Medium mitigation 2 1 1 4 85 6.4 Potential Impacts after Construction 6.4.1 Biophysical Impacts Most of the impacts after construction and during the operation of the lines will be of a social nature. The main concern after construction will be the tree species that may grow within the ROW. Secondly, it was observed that some of the trees in both the CFR and the private Forest Reserve are tall (over 30 metres) and are likely to fall on the line in case of heavy winds or termite action. The 10m way leave that is to be maintained may not be sufficient even though the trees themselves are out of the ROW. Thirdly termites were common within the project area, and these could be a threat to the wooden poles. Furthermore, during the operational phase, the birds might collide with the power lines and become electrocuted. This is likely within the close proximity of the CFR and the extensive wetlands towards the lake. Table 6-19: Mitigation Options regarding Biophysical Impacts Extent Intensity Duration Consequence Probability Significance Status Confidence Long- With no Regional Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM - Medium mitigation 2 2 3 7 Key mitigation measures: It is recommended as follows: -  Ensure that there is a gap of at least 4.0 metres between energised lines and ground equipments/earthling. In this way the potential for electrocuting ground based animals / humans will be reduced.  Use properly treated poles, preferably creosote impregnated poles to withstand termite attack and other boring insects.  Design the line with auto-reclosers at certain points. These reclosers are designed to detect fault on the line and switch it off and reclose it after a certain period say 3minutes. The recloser will make three attempts and then leave the line open for someone to physically come and investigate.  In areas with high bird population, string conductors in a horizontal alignment in order to minimise bird collision and thus elecrocution;  If during the clearance operations a location of important species is established (so far none was observed during the survey) that are likely to be affected/ destroyed then measures to preserve or relocate them will be undertaken; Short- With Regional Low Low term Possible VERY LOW - Medium mitigation 2 1 1 4 86 6.4.2 Avifauna (birds and bats) As discussed above, the section along the Waki Buliisa line is close to the RAMSAR site at the Nile Delta and it is well known to be rich in birds (both in terms of variety and numbers of individuals). In the Ankole region, the main large bird at risk is the crested crane. It is not known to normally perch on power lines, but the potential for collision could be there. In particular large predatory birds including night active birds such as bats are the ones most affected by High Voltage transmission cables. These will be because of physical clearance and hazard to birds especially in the area between Butiaba and Wanseko through Waki where birds are likely to migrate through. In fact a combination of the height of transmission poles and distribution poles as well as the electricity carried by the transmission and distribution lines can cause potentially fatal risks to birds and bats through collisions and electrocutions. Birds of large wing span are most likely to be affected by the electrocution while small ones could easily perch on a live wire without much problem. Moreover the clearing of the right of way will also increase the loss of livelihood for the birds. The follwing measures are therefore recommended: - Table 6-20: Mitigation Options regarding Avifauna (Birds and bats) 87 Extent Intensity Duration Consequence Probability Significance Status Confidence Long- With no Regional Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM - Medium mitigation 2 2 3 7 Key mitigation measures: It is recommended as follows: -  Fit with bird warning spheres (coloured balloons) in addition to fitting of flapper devices on the shield wire for lines passing towards the Waki – Wanseko area as well as within the Budongo forest reserve area.  While constructing the line and during maintenance of the lines, the REA will closely coordinate with UWA to ensure that sensitive wildlife is not negatively impacted in the vicinity of the Wild life reserve;  Similarly the REA will closely coordinate with the NFA while constructing and or maintaining the lines through the Budong Central Forest Reserve;  In the Ankole zone, the warning sepheres may be placed only at the few places where the wetlands are identified (although the likelihood is much lower)  Sensitise community against tempering with electricity poles and put warning signs;  Systematically register (monthly) dead animals (in particular birds) by accidents (e.g. electrocutions, being hit by maintenance vehicles) along the line.  Ensure that there is a gap of at least 4.0 metres between energised lines and ground equipments/earthling. In this way the potential for electrocuting ground based animals / humans will be reduced. Short- With Regional Low Low term Possible VERY LOW - Medium mitigation 2 1 1 4 6.4.3 Negative Social Impacts during the operation of the 33kv Distribution line After the construction of the 33kv Distribution Line, a number of impacts related to utilization are likely to arise. These need to be handled since they can be vicious and direct to human well-being. Specifically the following are likely to arise: - Electrocution of people in case of line breakages or illegal access: - If people are not sensitized about the dangers of live high voltage wires they could easily expose themselves to them when they are broken or sagging. This can lead to electrocution 88 of individuals or groups of people in the neighbourhood. This impact may be described as Negative and serious. Table 6-21: Mitigation Options Regarding Possible Electrocution Extent Intensity Duration Consequence Probability Significance Status Confidence Medium- With no Local Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM - Medium mitigation 1 2 2 5 Key mitigation measures:  In liaison with the Local Government Authorities, the Developer will sensitise communities about the dangers of exposed high voltage live wires. This may be done through schools and publication of relevant pamphlets in the local language, sensitization meetings in major load centers, radio talk shows and adverts, etc.  Prominent warning signs will be affixed at all installations to warn the intending intruders from touching the lines or fixtures. Warning signs will be in Bright colours such as red or yellow/amber;  Communities will be sensitised to report immediately they observe a sagging wire or one that has fallen to the ground;  Maintenance personnel will be vigilant inspecting the lines regularly; Short- With Local Low Low term Possible VERY LOW - Medium mitigation 1 1 1 3 Bush Burning: - Bush burning was a serious concern in Bunyoro zone and some parts of Kiruhura and Sembabule. Such bush fires can burn the wooden poles and may disrupt the transformers. High temperatures are also known to affect the conductivity characteristics of the overhead conductors. This impact is usually applicable to the Distribution Lines and is expected to be Negative and Minimal. Table 6-22: Mitigation Options Regarding the Impacts of Bush Burning Extent Intensity Duration Consequence Probability Significance Status Confidence Long- With no Regional Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM - Medium mitigation 2 2 3 7 Key mitigation measures:  Communities be sensitised against bush burning;  The Local Government should enforce the law against bush burning;  The developer or the appointed agent to operate the power distribution may be encouraged to give incentives to people who report those responsible for starting bush fires;  The developer to put in place surveillance mechanisms to reduce this impact; 89 Short- With Regional Low Low term Possible VERY LOW - Medium mitigation 2 1 1 4 6.4.3 Occupational Health and Safety Electric and Magnetic fields: Although there is little evidence to suggest resultant negative effects on human health and safety, exposure to Electro Magnetic Fields (EMF) may be viewed as potentially harmful. However, the EMF decrease very rapidly with distance from the source and there should be no potential health risks for people leaving near the distribution line considering that this is a 33kv line which is considered as low. For Electricity workers, however the EMF exposure could be higher leading to possible health risks to the utility worker. Table 6-23: Mitigation Options regarding the impacts of of Electric and Magnetic Fields Extent Intensity Duration Consequence Probability Significance Status Confidence Medium- With no Local Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM - Medium mitigation 1 2 3 6 Key mitigation measures:  In the workplace, when conducting maintenance works, the main power will be switched off all the time; In other words, it will be necessary to deactivate and properly ground live wire distribution lines before work is performed on or close to the live lines.  In places which have been identified as vulnerable, workers should use personal monitors during working or routine maintenance routines.  Workers should be trained in the identification of occupational EMF levels and hazards;  Workers shall be provided and use all relevant PPE while at work. Short- With Local Low Low term Possible VERY LOW - Medium mitigation 1 1 1 3 Live Power lines: During operation, impacts are related mainly with electrocutions and possible induced effects from electromagnetic fields. The placement of low slung lines or line near human activities also increases the risk of electrocutions. Therefore the lines should be checked regularly, whether they are low slung, so that immediate measures would be taken on time to avoid the risks along the road and residential places. Moreover workers may be exposed to occupational hazards from contact with live power lines especially during maintenance and operation activities. 90 Table 6-24: Mitigation Options regarding the impact of Live Power Wires Extent Intensity Duration Consequence Probability Significance Status Confidence Long- With no Regional Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM - Medium mitigation 2 2 3 7 Key mitigation measures:  Only allow trained and certified workers to install , maintain or repair electrical equipment.  Deactivate and properly ground live wire distribution lines before work is performed on or close to the live lines.  Ensure that live wire work is conducted by trained workers with strict adherence to specific safety and insulation standards. Short- With Local Low Low term Possible VERY LOW - Medium mitigation 1 1 1 3 Working at heights on Poles and structures: Workers may be exposed to occupational hazards when working at high elevations during especially maintenance activities with a high potential for accidents. Table 6-25: Mitigation Options regarding the impact of Working at Heights on Poles and Structures Extent Intensity Duration Consequence Probability Significance Status Confidence Long- With no Local Medium Medium term Probable MEDIUM - Medium mitigation 1 2 3 6 Key mitigation measures:  Poles will be tested for integrity prior to undertaking work  Develop a protection program which includes training in climbing techniques and use of fall protection measures  Regularly inspect fall protection equipment and replace those that are likely to fail  Approved Safety Belts, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and tool bags should be provided to maintenance workers prior to climbing any poles and transformers; Short- With Local Low Low term Possible VERY LOW - Medium mitigation 1 1 1 3 91 6.4.4 Visual Impacts on sensitive landscape From the top of the Rift valley just beyond Nyamasoga, the landscape falls to the floor of the rift Valley through a height of over 400 metres exposing scenic l;andscape overlooking lake albert. This scenary is likely to be impacted negatively by the electricity transmission lines. On the other hand very little may be done to reduce this impact. The follwing mitigation measures are proposed: -  As much as possible the transmission lines will approach the contour lines at a small angle to reduce the contrast;  The Lines along the escarpment will be limited to the RHS of the Road to eliminate the possibility of their intwefering with panoramic view of the Lake Albert and Rift valley below;  Within the Ankole zone, the lines will minimise the potential to cross the contour lines sharply. 92 7 CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN (ESMMP) 7.1 Introduction It is imperative that the contractor takes note and implements this management and monitoring plan during the execution of the project to its conclusion. This provisional Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan (ESMMP) for the 33kv Masindi - Waki - Buliisa, and –Nkonge - Kashozi power Distribution lines project, provides a critical link between the mitigation measures specified in this project brief. Almost all of the negative impacts which were identified in the Project Brief can be minimized by implementing appropriate measures during all phases of the project. The objective of this EMMP is to provide a time bound program covering implementation of proposed environmental mitigation measures and subsequent monitoring of the emerging environmental issues during both the progress and operation of the Power distribution Project. 7.2 Policy, Legal and Environmental Management Framework in Uganda This EMMP is in line with the Policy, Institutional and legal frame which have been highlighted under Section 3 of this Project Brief. It provides a time bound program covering implementation and monitoring of the environmental issues relevant to the 33kv Masindi - Waki - Buliisa, and –Nkonge - Kashozi Power Distribution line Project. 7.3 Environmental Plan This EMMP includes schedules and methods for implementation of mitigation measures during the construction of the distribution line and during the operation of the line. This plan further recommends that, during the operational phase of the project the Developer will assign an Environmental Specialist who will ensure that the identified negative impacts are mitigated and the positive impacts are enhanced. It is recommended that in as far as possible, such a specialist or Environmental Specialist will closely monitor the project so that he/she can provide continuous guidance in line with the Certificate of Approval that will have been provided by the National Environment Management Authority. Environmental impact monitoring will be carried out regularly at least once every month during the construction and line inspection will be carried out every six months at the minimum during operations. Line inspection should be conducted before the commencement of the rain season to check whether the structures and nearby trees are safe enough in case of severe weather events 93 as is common especially at the commencement of the seasons. As may be seen from the EMMP Table 8-1, implementation (including monitoring) of the management plan under this contract falls under the responsibility of the Developer, the Contractor and the Environmental Specialist appointed by REA. 7.4 Public Involvement and Inter-Agency Co-Operation in Monitoring For resettlement activities such as compensation and removal of crops/ trees and other properties that fall within the ROW, it is imperative that Community Leaders are involved in the monitoring process. This will be accomplished for example through the Local Council 1 Executive. This is necessary to ensure effective sensitisation and reduce costs of monitoring through community involvement. The other stakeholders who will be involved in the monitoring include REA, NEMA, and the Local Governments. 7.5 Contractor's Obligations versus Developer's Obligations The National Environment Act empowers the Authority (NEMA) to issue a Restoration Order (section 67 sub section 1) requiring any person in respect of any matter relating to the management of the environment and natural resources. Subsequently, the Contractor will be the one to whom such an order would be issued in case of environmental damage during construction. This obliges the REA to institute contractual clauses that compel the contractor to take care of the environment during the 33kv Distribution line construction exercise. In brief, the Contractor shall execute the Contract in compliance with the National Environmental Requirements applicable to the project. The Contractor under instruction from the Client through the Environmental Specialist will initiate mitigation measures as specified in this project Brief. 7.6 Cost of Implementing of this ESMMP The cost of implementing the ESMMP is estimated taking into account restoration of any exposed soils/surface, planting of grass and enrichment planting where necessary, supervision costs including the support to a an Environmental specialist. The cost of implementing the ESMMP excluding the RAP and those amounts to be included in the BOQs is UGX 99,200,000/= A Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has also been conducted. 94 Table 7-1: Estimated costs for implementing the ESMMP Item Area Rate per unit in UGX Total cost in Remark or UGX unit Removal of storage area facilities Demolition, Lump sum 8,000,000 Estimated cost to be included in the BOQs and any other temporary structures Transport and removal of waste Introduction of safety measures 4,000 15,000 60,000,000 Estimated cost to be included in the BOQs (Warning signs,) Radio announcements and Notices 280 30,000 8,400,000 Estimated cost to be included in the BOQs (about 100 Notices and 40 Radio Announcements ) PPE for at most 40 people 80 400,000 32,600,000 Estimated cost to be included in the BOQs Provision of condoms for three 1,200 packets 1,000 2,400,000 Estimated cost to be included in the BOQs months for 80 people of 3 pieces each First AID Kits 12 100,000 1,200,000 Estimated cost to be included in the BOQs 2 Environment Specialist for 12 12 months for 3,000,000 72,000,000 Since the two zones are far from each other and moths each there is a possibility of having two contractors two EA specialists are proposed Monitoring Plan (ESMP) inclusive of Perdiem for 2 5 days per 15,600,000 institutional collaboration - Lump sum monitoring month for 12 The collaborating Institutions include officers months at NEMA, District Environment Offices, 130,000 per day as well as the WB Fuel costs 40 litres per day 9,600,000 per vehicle Communicatio Lumpsum 2,000,000 95 n and report production Total Compensation to PAPs in 1 292,241,738 292,241,738 As derived from the draft RAP report Bunyoro Zone Total Compensation to PAPs in 1 309,143,575 309,143,575 As derived from the draft RAP report Ankole Zone Total 700,585,313 This Total includes the RAP package The cost of implementing the ESMMP excluding the RAP and those amounts to be included in the BOQs is UGX 99,200,000/= 96 7.7 Disclosure Process This Project brief as has been stated above, will be disclosed at several levels. The first disclosure is through seeking comments from stakeholders and lead agencies by NEMA. The second if the Lead agencies consider it controversial then a Public hearing will be arranged before a certificate of approval is considered (however this is deemed to be most unlikely since the initial screening established that the project did not warrant a full EIA. The third disclosure shall be done by the funder, World Bank in accordance with their Social Safeguards and disclosure requirements. Following the approval by the Authority, copies of the project brief will be kept at the Masindi. Buliisa, Hoima, Kiruhura, Ibanda and Sembabule Local Government offices with the District Environment Offices, with the developer/contractor and any other stakeholder who may wish to ensure that the mitigations as approved are being implemented. 97 8 Plan for the Implementation of the Mitigation/enhancement Measures These implementation measures must be read in the context of the mitigation measures discussed in the previous paragraphs. Table 8-1: Plan for implementation of Mitigation/Enhancement measures Item Environmental Mitigation Measures Responsible Site of Optimal Timing Monitoring Monitoring (Who) Impacts Party/implementer Implementation for Indicators (Who) (Where) Implementation (When) 1. Land take  Make sure that there is no  Contractor  Along the  During design  Actual land taken  LC executive; land take by following the distribution line; and  No. of Complaints  REA road alignment for the construction from PAP  Contractor distribution line and remaining within the Road Reserve. 2. Population  Working with LC  Contractor  Along the  During  No of local people  REA influx leadership, hire local distribution line; construction hired;  Local Leaders people to do most of the  Number of identity  Contractor casual jobs; cards/uniforms  Provide project specific given out; Identification tags / uniform to all workers on site;  Maintain Good public relations between the local community, the Local leadership and the Developer; 3. Impact on  Ensure that houses and  Contractor;  Along the  During  No of complaints  REA 98 Item Environmental Mitigation Measures Responsible Site of Optimal Timing Monitoring Monitoring (Who) Impacts Party/implementer Implementation for Indicators (Who) (Where) Implementation (When) Human structures are not  designer distribution line; construction; recorded  Settlements impacted by passing the and  Frequency of  Contractor line through the road  During design; sensitisation; reserve;  Sensitise communities on dangers of high voltage;  Poles to be guided away from buildings or graves; 4. Security of  Sensitise the community  Contractor  Along the  During  No of sensitisation  REA Construction about the negative distribution line; construction messages given  Contractor materials effects of stealing and out; vandalising electrical  Number of identity installation; cards/uniforms  Local workers to be given out; vetted by the LC executive;  Guard equipment and limit intruders onto working sites;  Cooperate with local security officials including the Secretary for Defence at the local level (LC); 5. Community  Put in place Warning  Contractor;  Along the  During  No of sensitisation  REA and workers Signs on approaches to  REA distribution line; construction messages given  health the working areas to out;  Contractor warn bona fide travellers  Number of warning  Fence off storage areas signs and camp sites to  No and types of discourage idlers to the PPE; 99 Item Environmental Mitigation Measures Responsible Site of Optimal Timing Monitoring Monitoring (Who) Impacts Party/implementer Implementation for Indicators (Who) (Where) Implementation (When) sites;  Presence of First  Provide full Personnel AID Kits Protection Equipment (PPE) to workers;  Sensitise community and schools about construction hazards as well as HIV/AIDS;  A First-Aid kit to be provided at every active working site; 6. Issues of  The workers camp will  Contractor  At the campsite or  During  No of bins at site  REA Equipment not be constructed  REA equipment storage construction  Presence of storage areas/  However, equipment area; sanitation camps storage areas top be facilities;; provided;  Compensate or promptly lease land / space for Equipment storage;  Provide adequate Proper sanitation facilities at Equipment Storage Areas;  Segregate waste into biodegradable, non biodegradable and hazardous and dispose appropriately; 7. 6 Air Quality  Limit construction traffic  Contractor  Construction sites  During  Occurrence of dust  REA (Increased speed; and work areas; construction in the air. Dust and air  Keep all equipment and  Along the haulage and  Complaints from 100 Item Environmental Mitigation Measures Responsible Site of Optimal Timing Monitoring Monitoring (Who) Impacts Party/implementer Implementation for Indicators (Who) (Where) Implementation (When) pollution) machinery in good route especially in transportation other residents working order to limit the vicinity of of construction excessive fumes and settlements ; materials; noise,  Maintain safety measures (PPE) for the health and well-being of the workers.  Ensure workers use full PPE. 8. Deposition  No construction of other  Contractor  Close to wetlands  During  Number of  Contractor and REA into wetland roads will be permitted and other sensitive construction depositions if any; and sensitive  Use existing roads to ecosystems  Existence of poles ecosystems ferry ; in drains;  No poles will be planted within drainage lines;  No excavations within drainage canals will t be allowed; 9. Hazardous  REA will adhere to their  REA for standards  At Policy level for  Before  Existence of policy  REA materials and stated procurement enforcement; program; commenceme document; waste guidelines ( as stated  Contractor for pole  At pole treatment nt of works  Existence of above) ensuring that all treatment and plant for poles; and during treatment plant their transformers shall importation of construction; offsite; conform to latest edition insulating materials;  Even during  Number of poles of appropriate EC maintenance treated specifications and/or after other recognized construction International Standards in for pole particular: treatment;  Do not accept PCB as part 101 Item Environmental Mitigation Measures Responsible Site of Optimal Timing Monitoring Monitoring (Who) Impacts Party/implementer Implementation for Indicators (Who) (Where) Implementation (When) of the working materials; otherwise replace them environmentally acceptable insulators.  Pre-treat Poles at a designated facility to ensure chemical fixation and prevent leaching into the soil among others. 10. Visual Impacts  As much as possible, the  Contractor  Along the  Duiriong  Actual line on  REA along the lines to approach the escarpment construction ground Escarpment contour lines at a smnall angle to reduce contrast,  Limit the line to the RHS of the Road to remove them from panaromic view; 11. DURING OPERATION OF THE LINES  12. Impact on  Fir lines with bird  Contractor  Waki – Wanseko  During  Number of flappers  REA Avifauna and warnong spheres areas, and construction or warning shperes bats (coloured ballons)in Budongo CFR and ioperation addition to fitting flapper devisces on the shield wire along Waki – Wanseko areas;  Cordinate with key lead agencies (NFA and UWA) during construction and manatiamce;  Ensure a gap of at least 102 Item Environmental Mitigation Measures Responsible Site of Optimal Timing Monitoring Monitoring (Who) Impacts Party/implementer Implementation for Indicators (Who) (Where) Implementation (When) 4.0 metres between energised wires; 13. Potential for  Sensitize communities  REA  In project area  During  Frequency of  REA electrocution about the dangers of  Operator construction sensitization;  Operator in case of line exposed high voltage live and after  No of warning breakages wires; signs;  Provide prominent warning signs at all installations to warn the intending intruders from touching the lines or fixtures.  Sensitize Communities to report a sagging wire or one that has fallen to the ground;  Vigilance of Maintenance personnel essential; 14. Bush Burning  Sensitise and enforce the  REA  In project area  During  Frequency of  REA law against bush burning;  Operator construction sensitization;  Operator  Propose incentives to and after  No of warning those reporting a fire; signs; 15. Occupational  Switch off and fully  Operator  At installations;  During  Records of  REA health deactivate the main construction maintenance  Operator power while maintenance and after (maintenance log works are on; book) ;  Use personal monitors in vulnerable areas to detect EMF;  Use only well trained 103 Item Environmental Mitigation Measures Responsible Site of Optimal Timing Monitoring Monitoring (Who) Impacts Party/implementer Implementation for Indicators (Who) (Where) Implementation (When) Workers; 104 9 Conclusion and Recommendations This Project Brief report highlights the potential impacts to the environment particularly as they relate to the 33kv Masindi - Waki Buliisa, and –Nkonge - Kashozi Distribution Lines. A number of benefits have been highlighted and this Project Brief proposes measures to enhance these benefits as they affect the environment and stakeholder community. Mitigation measures and implementation plan have been proposed to ensure that the development is done within the confines of the law with minimum damage to the environment. The cost of implementing the resulting Environment Management and Monitoring Plan has been proposed. If the proposed mitigation measures are implemented, the development may go on without significant long-term impacts to the neighbouring communities and environment. 105 10 References 1. Byaruhanga A., Kasoma P. M. B., Pomeroy D. E. (2001). Important Bird Areas in Uganda. Nature Uganda: The East Africa Natural History Society. 2. Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 1998 3. Langdale-Brown, I., Osmaston, H. A. and Wilson, J. G. (1964). The Vegetation of Uganda and Its Bearing on Land-use. 159 pp. Government Printer, Entebbe. 4. Local Government Act, 1997 5. Kiruhura District Five Year Development Plan (2011-2015) 6. Kiruhura Statistical Abstract 7. NEMA, 1997. Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment in Uganda. 8. NEMA, 2001. State of the Environmental Report for Uganda. Print Dynamix, South Africa. 9. The Investment Code, 1991 10. The National Environment (Waste Management) Regulations, 1999 11. The National Environment (Wetlands, River Banks and Lake Shores Management) Regulations, 2000 12. The National Environment Act Cap 153 13. The Public Health Act, 1964 14. The Water Act, Cap 152 15. World Bank, 1991. 16. Workers’ Compensation Act, 2000 17. The Statistical Abstract , 2010 – Uganda Bureau 18. Occupational Health and Hygiene Department “Annual Report� 1994 (The Department was restructured into the now Department of Occupational Safety and Health) 19. Environmental Impact Assessment - Reference Manual August 2002, Republic of Uganda, NEMA 20. The National Environment Act Cap 153 106 21. The Environment Impact Assessment Regulations, S.1.No. 13/1988 22. Urban Air Pollution Potentials with Emphasis on Tropics, University of Reading, Magezi, SAK, 1985 23. Environmental Assessment Source Book, World FUND Technical Papers #139 &140 , WB, 1991 Annex 1: Line Diagram for the Masindi -Waki – Buliisa Interconnector 107 Annex 2: Line Diagram for the –Nkonge - Kashozi Interconnector 108 Annex 3: Schedule of sensitization and consultative meetings for the EA and RAP in respect of Masindi - Waki - Buliisa 33KVDistribution Line, . District Sub county Parish Village Venue Time/Date Contact Person HOIMA KIGOROBYA Kiganja Kyeramya Kibengeya 30th/04/2012 at Masiga Job Kyamukwenda 10:00am Babuwiisa Parish Chief 0782083496 Kapapi Kibengeya Kapapi Kapapi Traiding 30TH/04/2012 Bitamale Isaac- Centre 2:00PM CDO-0782166885 BIISO Nyamasoga Sub county H/Q 1ST/5/2012 2:PM Wandera Semu- Biiso Parish Chief 073/0772-336207 Buliisa Busingiro Misizi Sub county H/Q 1st/05/2012 Wandera Semu 2pm Butyaba Booma & pida Pida a LC3 Chairman 2nd/5/2012 Mulimba office 9:00am SeSeremonth-LC3 Chairman 0773- 462604 Walukuba Walukuba Walukuba hall 2bd/05/2012 Businge Kaijakubi 12:00noon Godgrey parish chief-0774-952425 Bugoigo Bugungu Bugoigo T/C 2ND/5/2012 ODONGO Serule A Michael-SEC FOR Serule B Educ -0758847593 BULISA TOWN Buliisa Town Council Buliisa Town 3rd/5/2012 Deo Ndino-Town COUNCIL Council 10:00am Clerk 0772- H/Quarters 684878 BULIISA Kigoya Kigoya Kibolwa Kigoya trading 3rd/05/2012 12:00 Mugonzebwa Kijanji centre noon Esau-Subcounty Chief 0782/0752-875754 109 KIGWERA SUB Kinsansya Wanseko trading 3rd/5/2012 Ayebare Robert- COUNTY Kigwera centre 2pm LC3 Chairman Ndandamire Matyansi 0782- Wanseko 556559 Wasisaki Dison- Sub county Chief 0752 320062 KIHUNGYA Waki Nyeramya 5th/5/2012 Bamuturaki Nyeramya primary School 2 pm Kagoro LCIII 0783- Garasoya 480402 Odubi James LC Chair 0782- 658587 HOIMA KIGOROBYA Kibiro Waki Waki landing site 6/5/2012 Byarufu Andrea 0784810000 MASINDI BUDONGO Nyabyeya Bwinamira 1 Budongo S/C 7th/5/2012 Kigenyi Frank headquarters 0701120015/ 0772- “ 3 315000 Nyabyeya and Nyantonzi Karongo Karongo T/C 7TH/5/2012 12:00am Kasenene Katugo Nyantonzi 7th/5/2012 2pm Katanga Primary School Kasenene HOIMA Kyabigambire Kibugubya Kyabigamibre 8th/5/2012 Kisabagwa Primary School 10.00am Bulyango HOIMA Kitoba Bulyango Kiraira Mbaraara Bulyango Parish 10th/5/2012 pm Parish Chief Headquarters Kahwa Boniface 0774-551525 110 Annex 4: Schedule of sensitization and consultative meetings for the EA and RAP in respect of –Nkonge - Kashozi 33KVDistribution Line Annex 4: Schedule of sensitization and consultative meetings for the EA and RAP in respect of the The Proposed –Masindi – Waki - Bulisa and –Nkonge - Kashozi 33kv Distribution Line and Associated Low Voltage Networks Meeting Sub county Parish Villages/cells Venue & time Contact person(s) day/date KIRUHURA DISTRICT Thursday Bigutshyo Health centre, Mukasa Fulgensio, Buremba Bigutshyo Bigutshyo 17/05/12 11.00am 0711202069 Buremba Centre Buremba S/C HQ, Mr. Mugisha, Kijosha 17/05/12 Bwizi 03.00pm 0775724740 Friday Esau Bagamoyo, Nkungu Nshunga Kashasa 18/05/12 Rutabo TC, 10.00am 0714883524 Nkungu II C.O.U, Esau Bagamoyo, Nkungu II TC 18/05/12 02.00pm 0714883524 18/05/12 Mazima Remegio, Nkungu Nkungu Nkungu Market, 4pm 0713400423 18/05/12 Nkungu Market, 4pm Mazima Remegio, Omukatojo 0713400423 18/05/12 Nkungu Market, 4pm Mazima Remegio, Omuntebe 0713400423 111 Annex 4: Schedule of sensitization and consultative meetings for the EA and RAP in respect of the The Proposed –Masindi – Waki - Bulisa and –Nkonge - Kashozi 33kv Distribution Line and Associated Low Voltage Networks Meeting Sub county Parish Villages/cells Venue & time Contact person(s) day/date IBANDA DISTRICT Saturday Kashozi Health Centre II, Tukashomwe Ishongororo Kashozi Kashozi 19/05/12 10.00am Johnson 19/05/12 Kashozi Health Centre II, Tukashomwe Kategyeta 10.00am Johnson 19/05/12 Kashozi Health Centre II, Tukashomwe Rwetweka 10.00am Johnson 19/05/12 Kanyarugina Market , Ruhinda Ben, LC C- Nyamarebe Bihanga Kanyarigina 2.00pm man, 0776543166 19/05/12 Kanyarugina Market , Ruhinda Ben, LC C- Omukada 2.00pm man, 0776543166 19/05/12 Kanyarugina Market , Ruhinda Ben, LC C- Bihanga I 2.00pm man, 0776543166 19/05/12 Kanyarugina Market , Ruhinda Ben, LC C- Bihanga II 2.00pm man, 0776543166 KIRUHURA DISTRICT Sunday Rwemikoma Migina Migina 20/05/12 Migina TC, 2.00pm Nuwamanya Kikoni Migina TC, 2.00pm Arthur C/M, 0703 Rugeya Migina TC, 2.00pm 910217 112 Annex 4: Schedule of sensitization and consultative meetings for the EA and RAP in respect of the The Proposed –Masindi – Waki - Bulisa and –Nkonge - Kashozi 33kv Distribution Line and Associated Low Voltage Networks Meeting Sub county Parish Villages/cells Venue & time Contact person(s) day/date Akatongore I Migina TC, 2.00pm Dauda Rwemikoma Bitsya 20/05/12 Bitsya TC, 4.00pm Kaburahoona, CM LC2, 0702339356 Monday Kijuma Kijuma 21/05/12 Kijuma TC, 2.00pm Rwbutwadi W, Kyenturegye 0715459844 Mugore 21/05/12 Mugore TC,4.00pm Tuesday Tayebwa benon Burunga Magondo Kabagore 22/05/12 Kabagore TC, 12.00pm PC, 0702343311 Musasizi Y, CM Kidama 22/05/12 Kabagore TC, 12.00pm 0703730825 Buhembe 22/05/12 Buhembe TC, 3.00pm Kikanga 22/05/12 Wednesday Asiimwe Kiilet, LC3 Burunga Burunga 23/05/12 Burunga SC HQ, 12.00pm CM 0700483438 Kiraga 23/05/12 Musinguzi Seezi, Kiguma Kiguma 23/05/12 Kiguma TC, 3.00pm 0703585077 Thursday 113 Annex 4: Schedule of sensitization and consultative meetings for the EA and RAP in respect of the The Proposed –Masindi – Waki - Bulisa and –Nkonge - Kashozi 33kv Distribution Line and Associated Low Voltage Networks Meeting Sub county Parish Villages/cells Venue & time Contact person(s) day/date Kinoni Rwetamu Nyakayaga 24/05/12 Nyakayaga TC, 11.00am Tugume Seith Bugwiraro 24/05/12 Parish Chief, Kibani 24/05/12 0753050218 Byamukama Happy Keitanturegye Kyawanyana 24/05/12 Kyawanyana TC, 2.00pm CM, 0775799845 Keitanturegye TC, Tumwine Nathan Keintaturegye 24/05/12 4.00pm CM, 0782768327 SEMBABULE DISTRICT Tuesday Byarugaba J B LC3 Lwemiyaga Lwensankale Kazooba A 28/08/12 Lwemiyaga SC HQ CM 0788409244 Lwemibu Byarugaba J B LC3 Kasanka 30/08/12 Kyera health Centre II CM 0788409244 Kazooba Byarugaba JB LC3 Kakoma Lwembwera 31/08/12 Kakomo TC CM, 0788409244 Kalema G CM, Byabazungu LC1 31/08/12 Mpumudde TC 0789233532 114 Annex 5: Selected List of Contacted Officials and People 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 Annex 6: Minutes of the sensitization and consultative meetings along the proposed Distribution Line for both EA and RAP MINUTES FOR SENSITAIZATION MEETINGS ON NKONGE – KASHOZI POWER LINE The team that facilitated the Consultative and Sensitization meetings for the proposed Nkonge –Kashozi power line was composed of the following: Mr. Litta James Wayleaves Officer/Team Leader Mr. Oule Herbert Environmental Specialist Mr. Muhangi Richard Surveyor Ms. Cynthia Kamukama Public Relations Assistant Ms. Natoolo Esther Valuer Mr. Tusiime Vincent Technician The Consultative and sensitization meetings for the proposed Nkonge- Kashozi Power line started with meetings that took place at Sembabule District Head Quarters, on Tuesday 28/8/2012 and Wednesday 29/8/2012. During the consultative meetings, the following officials were met: the District Chairperson, the Chief Administrative Officer, the District Environment Officer, and the District Community Development Officer. The District Leadership was pleased to have the project and pledged their total commitment in ensuring successful implementation of the project. The proposed Nkonge – Kashozi Power line spans the villages in Lwemiyaga Sub County, in Sembabule District. The Lower Local Government meetings also began on Tuesday 28/8/2012 at Lwemiyanga Sub County Headquarters where the following officials were met: The LC.III Chairperson, the Sub County Chief, the Assistant Community Development Officer, the Sub County Councillors and Parish Chiefs. During this meeting, the project was introduced to the Sub County Officials, and together drew a Community Mobilisation and sensitization programme. The respective area S/C Councillors and LC.I Chairpersons agreed to carry out Community Mobilisations for the Consultative and sensitisation meetings. The main objective of the Consultative and sensitisation meetings was to introduce the project to the Communities, the related project activities and in particular the EIA and RAP processes. The specific focus was on the EIA baseline assessments, the social-economic surveys, identification of PAPs and property valuation component. In addition the following highlights were given: the surveyor would demarcate the 33 kV Distribution Line on the ground; the names picked by the surveyor would be the same names picked by the valuation team to ensure that all the data on PAPs is harmonized; PAPs should provide their full names and must sign both consent and compensation assessment forms. The five Community Consultative meetings took place from Thursday 30/8/2012 and ended on Friday 31/8/2012. At the sensitization meetings, the Team Leader Mr. Litta James would introduce his team and the subject matter to be covered. The language used was always Luganda, with some interjections in English. The list of the people consulted is attached as Annex …… In all the Consultative & sensitization meetings, the following information was given as a way of project introduction: v The Line shall as much as possible be within the Road Reserve or along the present road alignment; 245 That once pegs and or mark stones are put in place, they are not to be removed for any purpose; That both customary and registered title owners would be asked to identify their land where the proposed 33 kV Distribution Line will pass; That the Valuation Survey Team was going to value all properties within the 33 kV Distribution Line ROW which property was mostly crops and trees; That while conducting the valuation, updated Respective District Compensation Rates and Current market values would be used; That seasonal crops will be considered because construction is beginning in October this year That 15% disturbance allowance to the PAPs would be paid for a notice of more than 6 months while 30% for less than 6 months; That Disclosure and Identification will be done prior to payment; That property valuation and identification of PAPs is always effected before execution of the project but at times it is done concurrently; That there would be a grievance committee to be set up to deal with complaints from the PAPs; That failure to resolve issues at local levels would lead to appeal to Courts of law; and That transparency will be paramount in all our activities for the RAP and EIA. That those who will miss out on 1st Phase can apply for a Solar Loan Scheme that is also one of the products they have. That there is also community scheme where the government pays 70% and the community pays 30% for power supply. That with the completion of Bujagali Dam, power is going to be enough for the country. There are small dams to be constructed in places like Kigagati, Buseruka, Ishasha and many others. That people will be given prepaid meters (card system). That power will be paid like air time loaded on our mobile phones. No bills. The community was also cautioned not to pay any money to contractors that may ask for pole erection of the LV lines supplying power to individual houses. They were advised to report any such occurrence to the local leaders and Police for further action. That more detailed sensitization meetings shall be arranged by REA’s Public Relations Section to tackle issues of safety, installations, and wiring for 246 those who will need to use power, and many others that the community may require addressed. In summary, while conducting the study, the methodology used had a number of approaches that were used which are as follows: - Consultations with the Local Government Officials as well as local leaders at the District, Sub county and Parish/Village levels. Census: An actual census of the PAP will be conducted. The two teams will include the Survey team and the Valuation team. The survey team will move ahead delineating the areas to be impacted and providing markings that will be used by the valuers. The valuation team will count and value all the affected properties mostly crops and trees. MINUTES FOR THE SENSITIZATION MEETINGS OF NKONGE – KASHOZI POWER LINE - LWEMIYAGA SUB-COUNTY. ISSUES, COMMENTS AND RESPONSES Meeting at Lwemiyaga Sub County Headquarters on Thursday 30/8/2012 at 12pm. Names Comments, issues raised Responses Mr. Ibrahim You are saying you will be REA shall divert the line Munyagwa capturing coffee and trees, from the houses and it is the Lwemiyaga Cell what if the line touches my low voltage line that spans in house or the wires pass above trading centres. Mr. Ahamed Yiga You have talked of many Those areas will be covered Lwemiyaga cell places like Nkonge, Kyera, by different projects. The Mpumudde. How about current power line under places like Ntuusi and Bigo construction from Rakai- Byamugenyi? Lyantonde-Sembabule- Lwemiyaga will cover Ntuusi. Any additional scope like Bigo-Byamugenyi cannot be covered by this project because World Bank Projects have fixed scope. However, it is possible to cover any additional scope through other projects under REA, namely the Solar System projects Loans, and Community Schemes where GoU pays 70% and the Community pays 30% of the project costs. 247 Guloba Peter You are talking of a high You have a transformer at the Lwemiyaga Cell voltage line passing in our Lwemiyaga trading centre, land. How are we going to which will be used to benefit from it? distribute power in your area. Ddumba Evaristo Where the power bills are too You are going to be supplied Lwemiyaga Cell high and sometimes charged prepaid meters (card system). for what not used. How are What you pay is what you you going to handle that? use. Secondly, power is going to When power is not there, be charged in card form what your units remain on your if there are power cuts, will card. the metre keep on counting Guloba Peter What are the procedures or There Banks that REA use for Lwemiyaga Cell steps followed to get this facility include FINCA, connected to solar loans. Post Bank and registered SACCOs are also used. You should be within 15 to 20 kilometres from the main What assurance can you give road. us, that there will not be With the completion of loadsheding? Bujagali Dam and more dams to be constructed like in Kikagati, Buseruka, Karuma, power is going to be enough and in excess. Karuma is also coming on board. Edrisa Kabanda If the transformer is in the The transformer can supply a Lwemiyaga Cell trading centre and my home traiding centre in the range of is far? Is it your work to 1km depending on the bring it to my house? capacity beyond that, it is your own expense. Money asked for poles by Poles are for free. Contact the Contractors. What do you nearest Police Post in case say? you fall a victim. Senkonto Francis Power line affecting Yes, but you will be served a Lwemiyaga Cell undeveloped plots. Will power budget, how much is needed lines be shifted in future to shift the line and you meet when I am ready to develop the costs. my plot? Meeting at Kazooba Trading Centre on Thursday 30/8/2012 at 3pm. Names Comments, issues raised Responses Kibombo Patrick Are buildings, land going to Buildings will be avoided; Kazooba cell be compensated for? land will not be compensated for. It is only crops and trees affected by the project that will be compensated for. Luwaga Jamil If my banana plantation You are free to do so, there Kasaana cell affected, I am I allowed to procedures for that. We can reject your project? negotiate but when we fail, the Government can act in 248 the interest of the public. Is one allowed to continue using that lost land for Yes, you are free to cultivate cultivation? anything that can not disturb wires. No tall trees are Shall we get jobs? allowed. Yes, potters will be got from the project area but technical staff may be brought from elsewhere. Byamugisha Erias Will you compensate for Yes we shall. Kazooba T/C properties in the road reserve? Meeting at Kyera Health Centre II on Thursday 30/8/2012 at 5pm. Names Comments, issues raised Responses Nuwagaga Frank How are we going to be paid Those with accounts will be Kyera cell our money? Will it be through paid in banks and those banks or cash? without will be paid in cash and at an agreed place. Kintu Kassim Who does the wiring and You will be introduced to a Kyera Cell connection of power into my company(s) that will do that house? work for you but you will be the one to pay. Mbaine Silver We have our sons and Yes, they are allowed. If you Kyera Cell daughters who can help us to also have registered groups, do the wiring. Can’t we use associations can also work them? but there are guidelines that are followed. Barigye Herbert Have my own money. Can Yes, REA can give you power. Kyera Cell you supply me power? Tumwine Charles Power passes in my farm and No. Those poles are firmly Kyera Cell my animals interfere with fixed and they cannot be your poles. Will you not come interfered by anything and and arrest me? are not harmful. You are only asked to be cautious not to touch any loose live wire and report as soon as possible. Meeting at Kakoma Trading Centre on Friday 31/8/2012 at 12pm. Names Comments, issues raised Responses Segoya Godfrey My house is far from the If within the range of the Kakoma cell power line. How much is transformer, poles are free needed to take power to my and charging begins at the house? service pole up to your metre. But if not within the range of the transformer (1 km) given, you can apply for solar loan or you wait for another phase. Mutunzi Emmauel We shall be required to sign We shall avoid buildings but 249 Kakoma cell your consent forms but my at times these buildings are building is under the power constructed after line. How I am going to be construction of the power treated? line. Meeting at Mpumudde Trading Centre on Friday 31/8/2012 at 3pm. Names Comments, issues raised Responses Musoke James Are you going to compensate We shall avoid your plots, but Makole cell our plots in case affected? where inevitable valuers assess and you get paid. Secondly, your people use We shall continue to sensitise vulgar language. Is that the and require contractors to way you do your work? live in harmony with the local people and respect your values. Use of vulgar language is one of the issues we instruct contractors to avoid. Please report such cases to us thru the local authorities. Damiano Kato Are you going to compensate We shall avoid plots, Makole cell our plots and buildings when buildings but at times for affected? buildings are constructed after construction of the power line. KIRUHURA DISTRICT Date and place held 2/2/2012, CAO,S office Name and designation Summary of discussion and comments raised Mr Maira Mukasa Joseph It was explained that the project was a REA project CAO with the primary objective of extending grid power Mr Nkwasibwe James to those areas which had hitherto not been Vice chairperson connected from Ibanda through Kiruhura Disatricts to Lwemiyaga in Sembabule District. Mr Balinda , the team leader, explained to the CAO how we deal with the community starting with meetings at the sub county level. He inquired about the current compensation rates and the CAO responded that they had been updated. Mr Balinda remarked that one of the challenges is the locals not allowing us to enter their farms. The CAO inquired about the beginning of the actual work and Mr Balinda responded that work will begin in a period of( 3-4) weeks. Mr Balinda said that the purpose of the study is to allow the financiers to release the money. Feasibility was already carried out now needed the 250 RAP and the EIA. The CAO said that the land tenure is customary with freehold and leasehold. The sub counties in the district include Burunga, Buremba, Rwemikoma, Kinoni,kabagore. The CAO said that the challenges to the project include  compensation  people wonder if they will benefit from the project  homes are scattered from ranches in Nyabushozi unlike Kazo county He further said that most of the homes have solar power which justifies their ability to afford power He said that there is Radio five FM for announcements in Rushere which is 33km from Mbarara road and 10km from Kiruhura District headquarters KIRUHURA DISTRICT Date and place held 2/2/2012, District Land Office Name and designation Summary of discussion and comments raised Mr Ndyabawe Evans Black He said that land in Kiruhura was being converted to District surveyor and acting lands officer freeholds with titles. He said that an acre costs around 2million. Mr Gayiya remarked about the danger of converting ranches into freeholds because it was communal land He said that sub counties in Kiruhura include Kenshunga, kinoni, Burunga, Kabagore, and Rwemikoma KIRUHURA DISTRICT Date and place held 2/2/2012, Burunga sub county offices Name and designation Summary of discussion and comments raised Asimwe Killet The subcounty chief was not in office but we met Chairman LC3 the LC3 Chairman. The parishes in Buruga along the Rumari Sam road include Burunga, Bulemba, Migina and nkungu F/O Burunga SACCO Mr Balinda inquired about the ability of the locals Kamara Sene affording power bills and the Chairman responded Retired concillor that it was needed urgently for coolers because Nayebare Koozi sometimes milk is sold at a very low price so that S/C Concillor they can get rid of it before it goes bad. He said that a litre can be sold at 400shs. Mr Balinda said that we shall be back for sensitization meetings KIRUHURA DISTRICT Date and place held 2/2/2012, Rwemikoma sub county offices Name and designation Summary of discussion and comments raised Mr Katongana.s The parishes in the sub county include Mugole LC3 Chairman ,Nkoma and Kijuma . The land tenure system is Mr Baine James customary without titles. The chief said that his 251 S/C Chief people had complaints of the compensation rates. Abaho Fortunate There was misinformation about the compensation C.D.O of poles passing in a given piece of land. Mr Gayiya remarked that if sensitization starts many of the questions will be answered. He further noted that this was a recon cense tour for the inception report Mr. Patrick Kamanda, Uganda National Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA) is Roads Authority (UNRA) Kampala Cell concerned that REA is extending power lines phone: 0772982900 through the road reserve, yet road reserves are for tree planting as well. This development may interfere with the planned tree planting along the roads reserves. Environmental Assessment Team advised UNRA that along some roads short tree species could be planted and regularly pruned to avoid touching the electric wire. BUREMBA SUB COUNTY Date and place held / Thursday 18/5/2012, Bugutsyo Trading Centre Names Comments, issues raised Mr. Mwebaza Julius You are saying you will be capturing coffee and Bugutsyo Cell trees, what if the line touches my house or the wires pass above? Mr. Muhangi Obed Since, we are not equal, what if I have a small piece Bugutsyo Cell of land and use it for cultivation, what will you do for me? Ainebyona … You are talking of a high voltage line passing through Bugutsyo Cell our land are we going to benefit from it? Gerald Matokye You are saying the power is in card form what if Kibwera Cell there are power cuts, will the meter keep on counting? Wilson Begira Your electricity strikes people, won’t it be dangerous Bugustyo Cell to us? Mukasa Firigensio If the transformer is in the trading centre and my Bugutsyo Cell home is far away is it your work to bring it to my house? Ahereza Nathan You are saying the power is in card form and we are Bugutsyo Cell used to Umeme, what if I have five thousand can’t I work? Muhangi Obed Is it you doing the wiring in our houses or not? Bugutsya Cell Mukasa Firigensio What of people who stay far away from their farms, Bugutsya Cell who will sign for them? Ibrahim Nkabi The health centre belongs to government, so will Gugutsya Cell you bring power to the health centre? Date and place held / Thursday 17/5/2012, Buremba Sub-County headquarters 252 Names Comments, issues raised Mutegyenza Jackson Buremba trading I thought disturbance allowance, comes after center interrupting my work while digging holes, putting poles and wires. Mr. Tigakara James Buremba cell Can’t we negotiate for the disturbance allowance of 30%? Are there two companies doing the sensitization since you do n’t touch wiring in the houses? Do you give lunch to those who attend the meetings? Mr. Justus Rwakishaija Buremba T/C You have said you don’t compensate seasonal crops what if I borrowed a loan and used it for seasonal crops won’t you compensate me? Fred Rwakishaija You have said that for fruit trees it is councilors and forest officers who determine the compensation rates, so is it your company that determines the compensation values? Mr. Mugiza Vita The chief made more elaboration on the Buremba Subcounty Chief compensation rates and said you can make a self assessment and compare with the report of the valuers, he further said that the disturbance allowance is fixed. Mr. Muhimbura You have talked of the assessment forms and Buremba Trading centre consent forms what do you mean? Mr. Mugiza Vito When you refuse to sign the consent forms, the Sub-County Chief government valuer comes and assesses the land and the government acts in favor of the public interest and for houses there is room for negotiation. Mr. Tugume Godson What if I have 3km of land and I am not around will Buremba trading centre you give me the disturbance allowance? Mr. Baguma Godfrey My land is at the road side and there are trees I want Buremba trading centre to use for timber in 10 years time, will you compensate me? NKUNGU SUB COUNTY Date and place held / Friday 18/5/2012, Kashasha Trading Centre Names Comments, issues raised Byaruha Justus I have been needing power more than the road Nshunga Parish because many things can be done, but I am scared of the card form, shall we really benefit Mpirirwe Francis There is power in Isingiro and it is in card form and it Kashasha Cell is very okay. Ovia Tumuhairwe Since we have phones and buy air time will power be Kashasha Cell sold in many units? Mr. Kakuru Yasin I have come to know that you are talking of damages Migina Cell but you don’t know how the card form will work I saw the card form in Wakiso district and the peasant may not benefit from the card form especially 253 computer businesses, it is beneficial to home use but we prefer the meter type especially the 3-phase for light industries. Mrs. Stella How long will the power take to come after the Kashasha Cell sensitization meetings? Rwanyamitanga Silvano You have said you need a 10m corridor; can I use it Chairman LC I for beans and maize? Nwagira Amon In case a pole passes in my house what will you do Kashasha Cell for me? Irumba Fred In case the wires fall and damage my trees will I be Kashasha Cell compensated? Nyorokamu Nkoru You have said you will not compensate seasonal Nshunga Parish crops what if I have one acre used for cultivation and pasture will you compensate me? Nuwagaba Amon How long will the transformer supply especially for Kashasha cell towns far away from the trading centre? Irumba Fred Are you known or you have fraudulent deals from Kashasha cell conmen? Mr. Remegio Mazima What if my land is in the road reserve, do you Chairman Central cell compensate me? Kalinda Mbabazi We have been taught well, if one has a land title and Nkungu Central another does not have, is the compensation the same? Mr. Muramuzi Dan Since we are using our money, are you going to Sub-County Speaker install for us security lights in the town? Garisia Kinombe You have said you have taken 10m from the road, is Kigaga I cell the land our or the government? Innocent Kabaireho If my home is far from the transformer do I access Parish Chief the power? Musinguzi Robert Since you don’t compensate plots, what if the pole Akengyeya P/S headmaster kills my plot and I can’t build, do you compensate farms where the lines will pass? Mr. Muramuzi Dan In case you find a person who is an obstacle to the Sub-County Speaker project? How can the government help us so that the work goes on smoothly? Iramba Amooti How much do I pay in case I want to bring power in Kasasa cell my house? Rev. Muramuzi If the high voltage line passes near my house I am Nyondo cell allowed to bring power in my house? John Mugarura You have said you can tether a goat on the pole, Lay reader aren’t you electrocuted when you touch the pole? Kashenyanku ISHONGORORO SUB-COUNTY Date and place held / Saturday 19/5/2012, Kashozi Health Center II Names Comments, issues raised 254 Kato Ben You have said you will pay perennial crops, what if Kashozi cell you pass through my plot and nothing is damaged? Katugunda Regina Since you are not paying for my land why don’t you Kashozi cell bring power to my home? Ntoreine Aggrey Mr. James Litta said the contract has already been Rwetweka cell given and you have said money will be paid before the contractor starts work. What will happen if the contractor starts before money is paid? What distance can the transformer serve from the centre, Nyamarebe has 3 transformers and Kashozi only one, we need more transformers in Kashozi. Turyahabwe Emmanuel Why don’t they give us a transformer in Katwe since Katwe II the line that passes in our centre goes to the Kashozi masts but there is no low voltage network supplying our town? Murumba Enas You have talked of valuers assessing damages and Kashozi T/C the compensation rates are known at the district, Defence will I be around or not? Bosco Kdima You have said, you don’t pay for lands what if I have Kashozi cell put manure in my garden will you compensate me? Mbabazi Julius If I have my land having coffee trees and rent it out Kashozi cell for seasonal crops, who will be compensated? Rubambira Buriho If I have my land and I don’t want poles to pass Rwetereka there? What will you do for me? Kwesiga Moses If my land has nothing can’t I get disturbance Kashozi cell allowance? Mary Bakyokwita If a person is not around are we allowed to write for Kashozi cell that person? Bikorwomuhangi You have said you don’t pay for plots, what if I Kashozi cell bought my land for cultivation won’t I lose my plot? Mr. Akankunda James What if the pole touches my plot where I want to Katengere cell build want you compensate me? NYAMAREBE SUB COUNTY Date and place held / Saturday 19/5/2012, Kanyarugyeyo Trading Centre Names Comments, issues raised Twesigye Nelson You have talked of the power in card form, does it Kanyarugyeyo T/C go off? Mr. Ruhinda Benon You have talked of signing the consent forms; what Chairman LC I if I refuse does the line stop? Katushabe Gertrude What if I want to build and poles pass through my Kanyarugyeyo cell plot, won’t I be losing? Gideon Musinguzi If six poles pass in my plot plus support wires and I Chairman NRM wanted to build in that plot how will I be helped? We have Rushango town council, Nyamarebe sub- county headquarters and the seed school which were not included in the design and they need 255 power urgently. Mr. Ruhindi Ben In most cases the contractor starts before Kanyarugyeyo cell compensation is made. Kakuru Francis What if I have a lease for 99 years and you pass your Manimba cell poles in my land and there is nothing to destroy? KAGORO Sam Since transformers are located in trading centres, Karama cell What is the distance the transformers can supply? Mr. Ruhindi Ben What if I supply someone with power from my house, and it is billed on me, is it a crime? Turyomumari Bernard We need the power but you are targeting trading Kanyarugyeyo cell centres and institutions what if a person needs the power and is far from the trading centre? Kayondo David Some companies bring power to a place but the Kanyarugyeyo cell prices become high for connections and bills so where shall we get the money? Solar is cheaper so we may resort to it and abandon electricity. Rwemikoma Sub County Date and place held / Sunday 20/5/2012, Migina Trading Centre Names Comments, issues raised Mr. Bananuka Girisoma When the power is here and the hospital is far, does Vice Chairman T/C the electricity reach there? What if someone is far and wants to take electricity, what can I do? What if my house is in the corridor what will you do for me? Katungume John Are we going to pay for the transformer since earlier Migina II cell we had to pay for them? Arinitwe Agustus If you put a pole in my farm and I am not allowed to Migina cell grow trees in the 10m corridor, are you going to pay me? Aturanze Innocent If a town is 1km and beyond or between two trading Migina cell centers, can’t the transformer be put in the middle? Mugarura Nathan We are going to be paying for electricity, can’t you Migina cell help institutions since they belong to the government? Nkwesha Nathan I have not got the background of electricity, how Migina cell shall we benefit? Mugisha Steven You have said you compensate permanent crops, Migina cell what if you pass through my farm, won’t you compensate me? Mpairwe Eridard Do you have security for your poles? Date and place held / Sunday 20/5/2012, Bitsya Trading Centre Names Comments, issues raised Bainomugisha Steven if you are measuring the 10m corridor and it touches Bitsya cell my house, will it be demolished? 256 Turinabye Musa You have said you don’t buy land, what if a wire hits Bitsya cell me when I am cultivating who will pay me? Dauda Kaburahuna You have said the line passes at the left hand side, Bitsya cell what if it crosses to the other side? Kyosabire Joy You have taught us well about rural electrification, if Bitsya cell I am far away from the main line, how can I be helped? Byaruhanga Samuel The line that goes to Rwemikoma seed school from Bitsya cell Kazo is far from my house, will i be included in this new line? Twehaireyo Kelen What kind of power are you bringing and is it at a Bitsya cell low price so that we can benefit, it may come expensive so that we may not afford? How come you don’t pay for land, and what if we are far from the transformer? Ngwera John Will you do the wiring in our house or it is our cost? Bitsya cell Kazoora Patrick Since we bought our land with money can’t you Bitsya cell request REA to bring a strong transformer so that it can supply long distances from the trading centre? Komuhangi Dinavensi Suppose two people refuse the project to pass Bitsya cell through their land, will the project come to a standstill? Date and place held / Monday 21/5/2012, Kijuma Trading Centre Names Comments, issues raised Ndimunda Wilson You have said you will be counting perennial crops, Kijuma cell won’t you damage my land you will be using, why don’t you assess me for the damages George Kinyahamugisha There is barbed wire and a hedge in my farm, are you Kijuma cell going to asses them for damages? William Rwabuhindi I am I allowed to connect from the distribution line Kijuma cell into my house? Masiko You have said that for institutions, you write the Kijuma cell name of the church for example, is the leader of the institution concerned? Betimbira Francis You have said in trading centres the distribution line Kijuma cell passes in front and the high voltage behind could you shed more light on that? How long is the distance from the road to the pole and from one pole to another? When is the power coming? Ndeba Samwiri Are you putting transformers in every trading Kyentwegye cell centre? If you are far away does it mean you won’t receive power? James Kakokiro Won’t the poles be dangerous to the cows? Kijuma cell 257 Ndumurinda Wilson Who is responsible for the security lights? Kijuma cell Betimbira Francis You have said REA gives power in card form, could Chairman LC I Kijuma cell you elaborate on it? Kigundu I am a farmer and want to use the electricity, in case Kijuma cell you destroy my crops, how shall I benefit? Date and place held / Friday 21/5/2012, Mugore Trading Centre Names Comments, issues raised Mr. Tayebwa Sorry, the parish chief did not give us information Chairman LC I Mugore can you organize for us another meeting? Edward Tumushabe People have different understanding. If you pass, Kenshunga cell people think you will cut the trees first before compensating them, and who will pay since the government process is slow? George Rwasande How will the card system work and where will the Mugore cell cards be sold? Ndyabagye Winter Where is the line ending and how long will it take the Mugore cell contractor to start the work? Mutamba Richard Since it is the town people benefiting what distance Mugore cell can the transformer supply from the trading center? Mugisha Lawrence Mugore cell Will you bring power deep down the villages? BURUNGA SUB-COUNTY Date and place held / 22/5/2012 Buhembe Church of Uganda Names Comments, issues raised Musasizi Josua If I want to take power to my house, what will I do? Buhembe LC I cell What determines the size of the transformer? Natukunda Frank Since you are giving us power, what do we need to Buhembe cell bring it in our houses? Mwebaze Wycliff You have said poles are free, what if I am far away? Buhembe cell Musasizi How long will it take before power comes? Chairman LC I How will the power be costed? Soweti Turyatemba You have talked of cards how can we assess them? Buhemba cell Musasizi What will happen if one person refuses to sign the Chairman LC I consent form? Supriano Byarugaba If you don’t damage anything, do you compensate Buhembe cell me? Robert Mbaiha Since you compensate perennial crops will my Buhembe cell matooke grow again or not? Mr. Katwire Dan Who will be paid when community things are damaged? Date and place held / 22/5/2012 Kabogore trading centre Names Comments, issues raised 258 Mugisha Erias There are government programmes that are political Rwabihera I so you say power is coming yet there is nothing is the power you are bringing industrial or for domestic use? Gumizamu You have said power is coming from Nkonge, why Kidama cell don’t you tap from the line going to Kasese? Mukiga Richard Kabagore cell What is the distance from the transformer in which the service line stops? Mugoha James Will the power be coming in every house whether Kabogore cell permanent or not? Arinaitwe Rodgers Kabigore cell You have said that you pay the people who are alive what If someone dies? Gladys Nakakento Kabogore cell You have said that you will be paying first before you bring the power how much do you actually use? Nyakatembe Is it free to bring the power from the transformer to Kabimba cell the house? Kyomuhendo Lona Kabogore cell In case you cut some one’s tree do you compensate that person? Gumisiriza There are people along the 132km from Nkonge to Kabagora cell Kabagore and they will not have access to the power so how can we benefit? Mable Kyakatema Is the line going on one side or both sides of the Kabagore cell road? Kamule Annet How will the power be measured? Kabagore cell Date and place held / 23/5/2012 Kiguma Trading Centre Names Comments, issues raised Sezi Musinguzi If the poles pass through my farm, what provision do Councilor Burungu S/C you have for electricity not to strike my cattle? Are the cards like air time or not? In case we are far from the transformer can we get power? Rev. Tumusiime Frank What of trees which we use for poles in the farm? Kiguma cell You have said you don’t pay for land when you put poles in my land haven’t you disturbed me? Rwakaro Yosam If we are ten people and refuse to sign consent forms what will you do? Tukamuhabwa Nathan We have heard of power cuts, will there be load Kiguma cell shedding or not? Samwiri Tumuhairwe We are rural people, un educated about power, since Kiguma cell you are different teams, why don’t you come at once? Since there are illegal connections how shall we avoid it? Levis Nuwamanya There are many electricity companies, the line from Kiguma cell Kinoni and Nkonge is not yours, where is your power coming from? 259 You have talked of rural electrification and since in future you will not be compensating the damages, will the power also be free? Burama trading centre was not included in the design so it should not be considered. KINONI SUB-COUNTY Date and place held 24/5/2012 Nyakayaga trading centre Name & Cell Issues, comments raised Izaki Kwikiriza If you give someone to plant for you trees who will Rwetamu Parish be compensated? Sam Nabimamya Since there are many trees in the farms shall they be Rwetamu Parish compensated? Rubagemera George You are passing poles in my plot aren’t you paying Nyakayega cell me? Are you giving me free poles? Bashaija John Since you are passing near the road, there is a church Speaker and a school for away, will they access power? Mityana Ephraim If someone refuses poles to pass in his land what will Rwetamu parish happen? Is not the power line dangerous to the children or cows? What happens if the line ends in my house? In case of any encumbrances where does one take his complaint? Does the land title or Agreement have a special consideration in the assessment? Date and place held: 24/5/2012 /Kyawanyana trading centre Name & Cell Issues, comments raised Grace Baija You have said REA targets villages, if a person needs Kyawanyana cell four poles away from the trading center, does he pay it alone or government subsidizes? Shaban Museta Who does the connections inside the house? Kyawanyana cell How far from the trading centre can the transformer supply? Byamukama Happy Can the owner of the land stop the project? Kyawanyana cell Kasangwa Antony If I wanted to build a house, how far should it be Kyawanyana cell from the line? Godffrey Ntono If a building is half way and the line passes in it, what Kyawanyana cell will you do for me? Laban Museta When I don’t put money on the card does it mean I Kyawanyana cell won’t access the electricity? Kasangwa You said you don’t buy land what will you do for Kyawanyana cell those who refuse the project to pass in their land? Kamatenesa Naume If someone is near the road will he get power? Kyawanyana cell 260 Asiiwme Paul Sometimes the power becomes dim and you can’t Kyawanyana cell do anything so that machines cannot work. How shall that be handled? Twesigye Muhamood You have said poles are free, how much is it to bring Kyawanyana cell power to my house? Baya Grace You have said the line passes on the left hand side Kyawanyana cell from Burunga, is it a rule? Date and place held : 24/5/2012 Keintanturegye trading centre Name & Cell Issues, comments raised Fred Kankiriho You have said the power line will be on the left hand Keitantaregye cell side, won’t it cross to another side on the corners? Bonabantu Joseph What will you do when the poles end up in a Kutanturegye cell building? Josua Kabende Do you continue grazing in the 10m corridor? Keitanturegye Benon Kakoza In case a trading centre is 1km inside, can we access Keintaturegye cell power? Nyangoma Joseline Who pays money for connections to the house and Keintaturegye cell how much? Kankiriho Who signs for institutions since you don’t take Keintaturegye cell names of the leaders? Butema In case you don’t destroy anything do you Keintaturegye retired councilor compensate me? Are payments once or every year? John Kakundirayo How long will it take before the contractor starts? Keintaturegye cell If the line passes near my house how can I access the power? SENSITIZATION MEETINGS FOR MASINDI, WAKI, HOIMA AN BULIISA POWER LINE (EA and RAP) Kibengeya-Kiganja Parish KIGOROBYA SUB-COUNTY -HOIMA Date & Place held 30th/04/2012-Kibengeya Trading Centre Name&Designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised Tinkasimire Jackson Parish Chief Team members around were Annet Kobusinge, Kisakye Ivan and 0782012659 Musinguzi Pauline. Wandera Boniventure Chairman We introduced the project to them and they welcomed it LCI 0784072972 Issues raised & responses Kasangaki Dismas What if I have plots in different villages? You will be given separate forms. Barugahare Innocent What if the pole lands in my house or is near my house? Poles will be diverted to avoid destroying houses. Tinkasimire Jackson People fear high voltage lines passing above their houses. 261 Houses will be avoided. The line is only 33kv therefore power is not dangerous. Namujumbi Margartet What if the pole falls on my houses and it gets burnt, will I be paid? REA will look into it in case something goes wrong. Bahemuraki Chris Who is going to compensate us, REA or the contractor? It’s REA (government to pay). Kyamanywa Will you pass before UNRA or after? These are two different government projects and any of them can come first. Agaba Francis If I planted a tree within the road reserve, will I be paid for it? You will be paid for it. Joseph Rubongeza How will you pay me if poles are passing through my land? Government only pays for trees and perennial crops. Fred Where is power coming from? From Bulindi on Hoima-Masindi road. Barugahara Why is power ending at Kyeremya? Other areas will be planned for in the next phase. Agaba Francis Won’t there be load shedding? Bujagali will soon open in addition to other dams thus power will soon increase. Mrs. Mary Barongo Will you mark the areas with stars like for UNRA or poles? It will depend on the surveyors but small poles are likely to be used. Ben How shall we know that you are from REA? We have a map and also went through local leaders. Kapapi Parish-Kigorobya Sub- HOIMA county Date & Place held 30th/04/2012 Kapapi Trading Centre Designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised Bamuturaki William chairman LCI Team members present, kobusenge Annet Ivan Kisakye and Kapapi 2 0787-055338 Musinguzi Pauline. We explained the purpose of the visit which Nyakahora Mudede chairperson they appreciated. Kapapi I Issues raised. Bamuturaki William REA & UNRA, which one is coming first? These government projects are coordinated and will go hand in hand. Katende Alfred We are already affected by UNRA; can’t you push power backwards because we shall be disturbed? These programmes are meant to benefit the people. We shall coordinate with UNRA to see the way forward. Okeng Joseph UNRA already has a design for the road wont your programmes disorganize us? This power is only 33KV therefore it will not be dangerous and houses will not be affected. Tibita You teach people well but when it comes to payment you 262 change. Where shall we go in case we are not satisfied? They are always lawyers on the team to look into those issues. You can as well get your personal valuers to compare with that of government. Asiimwe Belton We have heard that you force people to sign like those in Buseruka? We don’t know whether that is true but we shall not force anyone to sign. The rates for compensation are provided by your district land board and we shall go by that. Paulo Samula People in high authorities cheat those on ground. For example in 1993 the power line to Congo passed without compensating some people. Since 2008 government passed land reforms therefore you will be considered. Katende Alfred District land board rates are not fair; they should leave us to determine the rates. Those who sit on the land board are qualified and therefore they know the purpose of every tree in your area. Muzei Oneg Moses Is the line on the right or on the left? The main power line is on the right as you go to Kigorobya but in every trading centre it’s on both sides. There is a low voltage line to supply power to houses. Edison Meeya What if power passes near our houses and they get burnt, how can we protect ourselves? This power is only 33KV its not dangerous there will also be transformers to step down power before it goes to your houses through low voltage lines. Oneg Moses He advised that it’s better to pay cash instead of taking the money to the bank. That will depend on what the individual wants either cash or bank. Okongo Joseph Those to pay should be transparent in order to pay people promptly. He welcomed the project. The parish chief of the area advised us to avail people with compensation rates to avoid doubts when payment begins. BUSINGIRO PARISH-BIISO SUBCOUNTY Date & Place held 1st/05/2012 MISIZI TRADING CENTRE Designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised Tinkasimire Jackson Parish Chief Team members around, Kobusinge Annet, Ivan Kisakye and 0782012659 Pauline Musinguzi. Wandera Batueture Chairman Team leader introduced the project to the people which they LCI 0784072972 welcomed. Issues raised and responses Eriya Orijabu If, I am the one who planted the trees and sold my land, will I be paid for the trees? You sold the land therefore we consider the current owner. 263 George Gahwera What if I sold my land and the owner has not developed it at all? We shall pay the current owner. For trading centres if one’s plot is affected by many supporting electric wires, REA will consider that person and pay for the plot. Jaa Luyi You are not compensating for seasonal crops and yet these crops are very beneficial to us? By the time the line passes you will have harvested the crops. BIISO PARISH-BIISO SUB- BULIISA COUNTY Date & Place held 1st/05/2012 Biiso sub county headquarters Name & Designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised Wandera Semu Team members around, Kobusinge Annet, Ivan Kisakye and Parish Chief- 0772-356207 Pauline Musinguzi Okech Peter We introduced the project to the people which they welcomed. Chairman LCIII - Biiso 0782333379 Issues raised and responses. Francis Kitakule How will you pay me for my multipurpose tree? Rates are given by your district land board (Buliisa). What if my tree is cut before production stage? The valuer will ascertain the cost and add a disturbance allowance. Alinda William How far will power be from the road? Power moves in a line but varies where there are corners. Mulumba Mathias You talked of how one’s plot can be affected in the trading centre, how will you pay? We know the valve of land therefore we shall consider the location of the land. Musinguzi Will you give us jobs when actual work starts? Contractor will give you except for technical jobs like Engineers. Francis Kitakule Sometimes there is neglect and lines fall on people’s houses and no one cares, how shall we go about it? The lines will be maintained and in case the lines fall be responsible and call those concerned. Alinda William Is this company (REA) the same as that at waki? No REA does transmission and at waki they are generating power. Wandera Semu Where is our power coming from? Bulindi but from Owen falls dam. Francis When will the project start? After these meetings, we shall survey and value for compensation. Okech Peter Won’t there be load shedding like in Kampala? Power stations are increasing like Bujagali is soon opening therefore load shedding will reduce. Mr. Okech Peter (LCIII) Chairman welcomed the project because power has been a dream in their district. He also raised the issue of compensation especially on the new road. According to the people rates are very low and yet the cost of living is very high. 264 He advised REA to take this matter seriously. PIDA A& BOOMA BUTIABA SUB BULIISA COUNTY Date & Place held 2nd /05/2012 LCI Chairman’s Office Pida A Designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised Team members around, Kobusinge Annet, Ivan Kisakye and Jeremoth Mulimba Pauline Musinguzi. Chairman Lc3/Lc1 We introduced the project to the people which they welcomed. 0773462604 Issues raised and responses Kaijakubi G. Businge Parish chief -0774952425 Mulindwa Patrick When is the project starting? Immediately after sensitization meetings. Kyamanywa David Won’t there be load shedding? It will reduce with the completion of Bujagali dam and other projects like Karuma. Nabimanya Anamiah Why isn’t the government compensating for land yet they keep clearing bananas and trees within the power corridor? Government (REA) will pay for the trees and bananas within the power corridor and after you will not be allowed to plant such crops or trees again because they will be dangerous to you but you can plant seasonal crops like beans, maize, ground nuts etc. Musinguzi K William We request REA to give us jobs as work begins. You will be given casual jobs not technical. What you going to add in the transformers to prevent the stealing of the oil? REA will look into that. Mulumba Joremoth He appreciated our coming and said they really need power since their area has been lagging behind, people will be able to start businesses like wielding, saloons, among others. Walukuba-Butiaba sub county BULIISA Date & Place held 2nd /05/2012 Walukuba landing site Name &Designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised Okello Charles Team members around, Kobusinge Annet, Ivan Kisakye and Chairman LC I 0775-363792 Onen Pauline Musinguzi. Richard Vice Chairman We introduced the project and were people excited to hear 0782-746652 power is coming to their area. Issues raised and responses Buneno sylivia Welcomed the project and said people don’t know how power looks like. You said you are paying for trees and crops, how about the plots because we also buy them? REA does not pay for land except where one’s plot in the trading centre is affected by many supporting wires, that person will be considered. Byaruhanga Enos Will you pay cash or put money in the bank? You will decide on what you want whether cash or bank. 265 Sulaiman Waramu Can power be put in grass thatched houses? Yes you can but let the technicians do it for you. Jagwok Steven Will power be paid for or it is for free? You will pay something for it though not much. Owaki Gil Mekyon Will you compensate us before power comes or after? REA will pay you before bringing power. Kyomya Happy Why are you not paying for seasonal crops? By the time the project starts you will have harvested the crops, but after harvesting don’t plant in the 10m corridor till the power line is in place. Job When is this power coming? Work will begin after compensating you. Phiona How about paying for houses & boreholes ? REA will not pay because this is only 33KV line and the power is not dangerous. Sulaiman Waromu Sometimes power burns people’s houses, does government come in to help? Transformers will be put in place to step, down power for use. You should also avoid illegal connections and also report emergency cases to offices to be put in place immediately. Wanok Richard How will power reach my house since I am far from the road? Another team will advise you on that. They will make sure you get it since they have brought it for you. Bugoigo (Serule A) Butiaba sub BULIISA county Date & Place held 2nd /05/2012 Biiso sub county headquarters Name&Designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised Kibaro Julius Team members around, Kobusinge Annet, Ivan Kisakye and Chairman LCI 0774-264206 Pauline Musinguzi Serule A We introduced the project to them and they appreciated it. Bagonza Nerbart Issues raised and responses Chairman LC I Serule B 0759048143 0779-048143 Mr. Kalisa When you bring power, who will wire our houses and when is power coming? This work is in phases and it has begun. There is another team coming to handle that. Tunirwot Charles What if the pole touches my house? They will make sure the poles don’t touch houses but if poles are near this power is low voltage and won’t be dangerous. Bagonza Nebart What if my tree is medical, how will I be paid? The rates are determined by the district land board who know the purpose of all trees in the district. Kibaro Julius Can I put power in a grass thatched house? Yet it’s ok but get a technician to connect it. 266 Safi Mawa If power does not reach my house, how much shall I pay for the pole? Distribution will be done by another company and they will tell you how much to pay. Reuben Razul How shall we protect ourselves from power since we are not educated? Another team will teach you how to connect it and use it in your houses. BULIISA TOWN COUNCIL BULIISA BULIISA DISTRICT Date & Place held 3rd /05/2012 Buliisa sub county headquarters Hall Name & Designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised Bazaire John Mayer Team members around, Kobusinge Annet, Ivan Kisakye and 0784149369 Pauline Musinguzi. Mugungu K. Julius We introduced the project and they received it with joy since it LCI Chairperson would bring development in their area. 0784863842 Issues raised and responses North ward (Kakindo) Musinguzi Robert LCI Central ward (Kizongi) 0783209266 Friday Norbert LCI-Eastern ward (Kizikya) 07777512665 0752667755 James Bigobwa Won’t the poles affect our cows and goats since we are cattle keepers? Measures will be put in place to avoid danger. Agaba Meshak What if government takes my small plot not necessarily in the trading centre? The surveyor will make sure the pole is at the extreme end power is for you to use therefore you will not be displaced. Rose Mary Rwamukaga What if my fence is affected? You will be paid. Jackson Lwamasa In the Town Council if the street light is within my land will government pay for the power? For the town council lights, the mayor will take care of that. Byenkya Joseph Can you clarify for me on the disturbances allowance? If the government gives you a short time to clear the crops and trees it will be 30% and if it gives you a long period, it pays 15%. Umeme has failed to perform, wont it be the same case here? We shall address the issue to REA to look into it. Musinguzi Robert What kind of jobs will people get? You will be given casual jobs. Asiimwe Maxwel Is power also going to Kabolwa and Karakaba since these are busy places? 267 There is a tee off to Kabolwa landing site. Agaba Mashak Won’t the corridor of 10m stop me from growing crops in my land? The corridor of 10m is small and after the power line has been put in place you will be allowed to grow seasonal crops. How about the weekly load shedding and yet the bill remains the same? Power is increasing due to many substations being put in place. There is also a new system of using cards which will enable you buy power that you can afford. Bizaire John In his concluding remarks, he requested us to come and do the work quickly so that they can get power and develop their areas. Kigoya-Buliisa Sub county BULIISA Date & Place held 3rd /05/2012 Kigoya Trading Centre Name & Designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised Kasangaki Tom Team members around, Kobusinge Annet, Ivan Kisakye and LCI Chairman Pauline Musinguzi 0773-468976 We introduced the project to the people which they welcomed. Businge William Issues raised and responses LCI Defence 0785134246 Moses Wandera Welcomed the project and requested that power should be extended to Gwendo. He also said they had a problem of low rates when valuation was done sometime back but REA should try to be fair. Rates are determined by the district land board and we shall go by what they will give us. Kikobwa Lawrence Does power come with problems or not? Power can be dangerous if you decide to illegally connect it to your houses. Also when lines fall, you should report immediately to offices that will be in place to avert danger. Transformers will also be put in place to step down for use in houses. Kamanyire Ponsiano How long will you take to reach here? It will depend on people’s cooperation otherwise we shall be fast. Mulindwa What if I refuse the line to pass through the land? We are asking you to cooperate so that power can be taken to other people who need it. How about trees for example young and old, how will they be valued? Valuers are experienced and will categorize trees according to size and purpose. Simon Balikyenda Will you value our crops like how Tullow did? For example compensating after the line is in place. 268 No we shall value first, pay and then the line will be put in place. Why is there load shedding? Power was enough but now there are substations being put in place and power is likely to increase in the shortest time possible. Kasangaki sam He said compensation rates from the district are low. He also appreciated the fact that valuation will be done before the line is in place because Tullow first destroyed crops and paid people after. Valuation and assessment for compensation will be done in presence of the chairman who will show us people’s individual plots. Lawrence How Will I get power if my house is far from the road? There is another team coming after us who will let you know how to go about it. Gerald How long will the project take and will there be jobs? It will depend on your cooperation. Jobs will be given to you except for those that are technical. Kasangaki How far will poles be from the road? They will be within the road reserve except where there are corners they can go further inside. WANSEKO-KIGWERA SUB BULIISA COUNTY Date & Place held 3rd /05/2012 Wanseka Trading Centre Name&Designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised Ayebare Robert Matyansi Team members around, Kobusinge Annet, Ivan Kisakye and LC3 Chairamn Pauline Musinguzi. 0782-556559 We introduced the project to the people which they welcomed to Wendi Patrick their area. LCI-0787042965 Issues raised and responses Kisansya East Dramadri Alfred Parish Chief (Kigwerra) 0778826684 Kusimma Gilbert How are you going to compensate us since our trees are not fruit trees? REA will compensate for all trees not only fruit trees. Anthony If the corridor is shared by 2 people in a trading centre, how will you compensate us? We request you to settle your conflicts before and establish the right owner of the trees before we come. Mbabazi Fredrick People from Kaiso Tonya were undervalued; won’t it be the same case with us here? Compensation rates are from your district land board therefore you have the right to accept or refuse them. Bikalema Vincent Will you distribute power to the whole trading centre since this is 269 a government programme? There is a transformer and low voltage lines supplying power to the whole trading centre. Gife Brassio We have been longing for power, will it be for paying? Yes you will pay but the rates will be low since this is a rural area. How soon is this programme? We have already started the work and need your cooperation to speed up the process. Isingoma Lukuma What if a pole passes through my Kiosk or a drinking joint? The kiosk will be avoided but it’s advantageous for the pole to be near because you can easily connect power compared to those who are far. Alex Kaijakubi Advised that we should come up with a modality whereby termites will not affect the poles. Poles are treated first and therefore they are very strong. NYERAMYA (GARASOYA) BULIISA KIHUNGYA SUB COUNTY- BULIISA Date & Place held 5th /05/2012 Nyeramya Primary School Name&Designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised Bamuturaki Kagoro Team members around, Kobusingye Annet, Ivan Kisakye and LCIII Chairman- 0783-480402 Pauline Musinguzi Babyenda Fred We introduced the project to the people which they welcomed in Vice Chairman their area. Issues raised and responses Ezera Okumu What if the line passes over my house? Power line is only 33KV and therefore not dangerous. Muhumuza Will I be paid if my tree is within the power line? Yes you will. Babyenda Fred Will I pay to connect power to my house or government will pay? You will pay but it will be cheaper and affordable. Edesi Kaikara Where shall we get money as elders to pay for power? There is a new system where cards will be used therefore you will buy the power which you can afford. Sabiiti Makondo How many meters are there in between the poles? Its 100m or more especially where there are corners or swamps. They pledged to cooperate since power will develop their area. They also requested to be given jobs when the project starts. WAKI-KIGOROBYA SUB COUNTY HOIMA Date & Place held 6th 05/2012 Waki landing site Name & Designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised Byarufu Andrea LCI Chairamn- Team members around, Kobusinge Annet, Ivan Kisakye and 0784810000 Pauline Musinguzi. Adru Christopher We introduced the project to the people which they welcomed in Defence their area. 0777661502 Issues raised comments. Oryema H. Okello Is power free and if we are to pay how much? 270 You will pay but not much. Tumusiime Bintu Will you give us jobs especially for digging holes and other casual ones? Yes the contractor will give you except those which are technical. Harmagi Eirsa Can our houses have power when most of them are grass thatched? Yes you will be advised on how to go about it. Byarufu Andrew Our houses don’t last for more than 10 years how will you handle this? The team concerned next will advise on what to do. Muhereza Babyenda The government after signing might turn against us by taking our land. The government when bringing power does not acquire land therefore you should not worry. Karamagi Erisa There is a major general who made people to sign that he is bringing solar and ended up taking people’s land forcefully. This will not happen because the government’s interest is to bring for you power not to take land. MASINDI-BUDONGO SUB- COUNTY NYABYEYA PARISH Date & Place held 7th /05/2012 Budongo sub county headquarters Designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised Pimondo Charles Chairman LCI Team members around, Kobusinge Annet, Ivan Kisakye and Bwimanira I Pauline Musinguzi. 0784-804767 We introduced the project to the people which they appreciated. Okecho S. Chairman LCI Issues raised and Reponses Bwinamira III 07773-52912 Muhamed Onyango What if the pole is put in my house, will I be paid? Houses will be avoided. Also if the pole is near your house, you can easily connect power. Bikoko Richard Is it hydro electric or solar? It is hydro electric power. People understood and welcomed the government project. Nyantonzi&Nyabyeya-Budongo Sub- county MASINDI Date & Place held 7th /05/2012 Karongo Trading Centre Name &Designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised Okumu Miria John Team members around, Kobusinge Annet, Ivan Kisakye and LCI Chairman -Karongo Pauline Musinguzi. We introduced the project to the people which they appreciated since they did not know when would come to their area. Ramathan Uzungu Are you compensating us before or after the project? We are paying first then the project will take off. David Mayanja Will you pay me for the delay period as I wait for power to be put in place? You will continue growing crops except in that small corridor of 10m where the power line will pass. Adriko Simon Which crops are payable and which ones are not/ 271 REA will pay for perennial crops like coffee, Bananas, sugarcane among others. Ismail Droma Appreciated the project and expressed concern that deforestation is finishing the forests and power will help save them. Nyatonzi&Kasenene-Budongo Sub-county MASINDI Date & Place held 7th /05/2012 Nyantonzi Trading Centre Name &Designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised Opra Simon Team members around, Kobusinge Annet, Ivan Kisakye and LCI Chairman Pauline Musinguzi. Katugo I-0782-582073 We introduced the project to the people which they welcomed Yidri Boaz and promised to cooperate. LCI Chairman Issues raised and responses Nyantonzi-0757-968033 Jackson Watum It is our first time to hear that power is coming to our area. Is it a government programme or not? Yes it’s a government programme through rural electrification agency. Why can’t government pay for land where power is passing? Government is not interested in the land and on the other hand when poles pass through your land, it gets more value compared to land without power. Gideo Kango Which side of the road is the line passing and why take photos if some of us will not be compensated. The line is on both sides in your trading centre. The photos are for purposes of accountability to prove that we reached on ground and sensitized the people. Drai Emmauel Appreciated our coming and endured when the project will start. We have already started by sensitizing you and the rest will follow soon. Kiwanuka Vincent Are you bringing hydro power or solar? It is hydro-electric power. Gati Emmanuel If my house is far from the road will i be paid for the trees? If the (poles) divert and pass through your land. Okot Joseph How long will government take to pay us? After we have made the report and handed it to government. Dramati Boniface What is the cost of the pole? The contractor will let you know. What is the distance in between the poles? Its 100m but varies where there are corners. Where will workers come from? You will be given casual jobs. Sunday Are you from the ministry, REA or Bulindi? We are from REA; we have letters of introduction from all your district leaders. We also have a map which you can look at. Nsubuga Yosan What if the pole is between land for 2 people? In case there is a tree, solve those conflicts before we come. 272 Adega Godfrey What if I refuse the pole to be put into my land? We are asking you to cooperate so that other people can benefit by getting power. Yama Mugistine Electricity has many uses, is this for cooking or lighting? It depends on what you want to use it for but it has many uses. KITOBA SUB -COUNTY-HOIMA BULYANGO PARISH Date & Place held 10th /05/2012 Bulyango Trading Centre Name&Designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised Kahwa Boniface - Parish Chief Team members around, Kobusinge Annet, Ivan 0774-551528 Kisakye and Pauline Musinguzi. Odra Emmanuel LCI Chairman We introduced the project to the people which 0784-806546 they welcomed since power stops in Bulyango Byakuhambya Vincent before you reach Kiraira and Mbaraara. They Kiraira promised to work with us. Chairman LCII Issues raised and responses 0783-918809 Bakuhambya Vincent How many meters are the poles from one another? It is 100m but varies where there are corners and swamps. Byarugaba Christopher Can they use compensation money to buy poles to connect people? It’s better to receive money first then you plan to get poles. Kiiza Eriab What if the land is large and has no trees? The person will benefit by getting power. Vincent Is this power coming from Buseruka? No its coming from Owen falls dam. Kyabigambire Central-Kyabigambire Subcounty Hoima Date&place held 8th/5/2012 Kyabigambire primary School Name&designation Summery of discussion&Issues, comments raised. Mwesigwa Aloni Team members around,kobusinge Annet,Ivan Mayor-0774047759 Kisakye and Pauline Musinguzi. Kiiza Joseph- Secretary for information We introduced the project which they welcomed (Kihoro) )0783772631 in their area. Issues,responses and comments raised Isingoma Edward Why are not compensating for cassava yet it also takes more than a year in the garden? We shall be considerate when valuing by looking at the size. Joseph Kiiza Are you starting from Bulindi or Wanseko? We are starting from Bulindi. Asiimwe Sulaiman We were promised power longtime ago,how come it has delayed? We have come and we are on ground now. Agaba kaheru Will power go to both sides of the trading Centre 273 at Kibugubya. Yes it will be on both sides. Mwesigwa Aloni Can’t we be considered to sell poles to government? You talk to your leaders to guide you on how to go about it. Kabagambe Patrick What if the pole lands in my house? The Surveyor will make sure the poles are diverted to avoid destroying houses. Katusabe John Will people far from the road get power? Yes but you will be guided by those coming to distribute power. Gertrude How about lazy chairmen who fight government Programmes? We shall work with other committee members around. MASINDI DISTRICT Date and place held CAO’s office 25/1/2012 Name and designation Summary of discussion and comments raised Mr jack Byaruhanga He welcomed the project Deputy CAO And was inquisitive to know if the community will benefit from the project He hinted on the war in Buliisa district by the locals with tullow over the compensation rates He emphasized the need for community meetings and radio programmes to sensitize the local people Mr magezi hinted on the need to engage NFA because of the thick forest in kanyege and musisi Date and place held Chairman LC5’s office 25/1/2012 Name and designation Summary of discussion and comments raised Chairman LC5 He welcomed the project Mr isingoma Mugimba He cautioned us how he was confronted by locals over the incomplete power project. He said that the main challenge is the black fly along river Waki Date and place held Budongo subcounty Headquarters 26/1/2012 Name and designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised Mr Charles Kigenyi It consists of five parishes namely; Kabango, Subcounty chief Nyabyeya, Kasenene,Kasoingoire,and Nyantonzi The neighbouring parish is Kinyara and sugarcane growing goes around the area. BULIISA DISTRICT 274 Date and place held LC5’s office 25/1/2012 Name and designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised Chairman LC5 He thought power would never reach Buliisa Lukoma fred because it is far from the grid RDC He noticed that the project involves a lot of things Ms Beyingo Florence e.g bush clearing The technical team said that the road from Masindi to Biiso was not planned Mr Balinda inquired about the current compensation rates Chairman said that the rates came at a bad time when the government has to re-imburse expenses incurred by Tullow The team emphasized the need for the compensation rates to be fair and consistent and an element of speculation should not come into play. Date and place held CAO’s office 25/1/2012 Name and designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised CAO Mr Magezi asked of his view of the compensation rates in the district CAO said that Tullow had an idea of compensating people but the valuer reduced the costs and they were irregularities in the compensation Compensation did not reflect because of the temporary crops grown in the area There were no land demarcations because of the communal land tenure system Mr Magezi inquired of the idea of compensating people with large sums of liquid money above 200 thousand The CAO said that the people have been enlightened about savings through sacco’s but the people have resorted to their rudimentary methods. Date and place held Kigwera sub county 25/1/2012 Name and designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised Name and designation The chairman was not in office, but we talked to the NAADS coordinator and the secretary They told us that Kigwera consists of four parishes namely; Wanseko.Kigwera,Kisansya and Nandamire Date and place held Butiaba sub county headquarters 26/1/2012 275 Name and designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised Sub county chief The headquarters are housed in the former East Mr Mujuni Richard African Railways co-operation strucutres Mr Gayiya enquired about Butiaba port becoming a town council Butiaba is made up of four parishes namely; Bugoigo,Walukuba,Boma and Pida Date and place held Biiso sub county headquarters 26/1/2012 Name and designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised Sub county Chief This lies at the boarder between Bullisa and Mr Kabagambe Edward Masindi Mr Magezi said that our coming is to clarify issues that are pending Mr Balinda said that we shall return any time for more discussion and there will be compensation for the affected people Mr magezi emphasized the need to go to Bubwe and Kigorobya parishes since there are the last place of the power line He also inquired of the lightening challenges in the sub county The chief said that it was mainly in Walukuba and wanseko parishes Mr magezi also inquired about the effect of cutting down the mvule trees at the sub county headquarters He also inquired about the capacity of local people paying for the power The sub county chief said that those with permanent houses may afford but those with temporary houses may not. Land had a communal tenure but now it is customary and very few people have titles. Date and place held Kihungya subcounty headquarters 26/1/2012 Name and designation Summary of discussion and comments raised Mr Katusabe Rawlings It lies a few kilometers from Biiso along the Subcounty chief Hoima road It consists of five parishes namely; Nyeramya,Garasoya,Kagera,and Waki HOIMA DISTRICT Date and place held Deputy CAO’S office 27/1/2012 Name and designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised George Ntulume Mr Balinda introduced the team and the project 276 Deputy CAO especially in Kyabigambire Subcounty Mr Ndozere F Complaints were raised about feedback from the Secretary discussions Mr Ndozere remarked that firewood is being depleted so the demand of electricity would increase with time Mr Balinda inquired about the compensation rates especially the updated ones and we were given a copy of the current rates Mr Gayiya said that there is bureaucracy in setting up the rates and it is entirely the role of the District Land Board to approve the rates Mrs Magezi remarked that the mad and wattle houses are not rightly accessed and the people are left in worse conditions than they were. The land tenure system is mainly customary with a lot of freeholds Date and place held Kyabigambire subcounty Headquarters 27/1/2012 Name and designation Summary of discussion and issues, comments raised Acting Subcounty chief He was not in office but we talked a worker who Kabiri Charles availed the information we needed. It is made up of five parishes namely; Barugahara, Bulindi,Buraru,Kibugubya and Kisabagwa Buliindi trading center is where the proposed power line starts from. 277 Annex 7: Map showing the protected area and the lines along the Masindi – Waki line. 278