77324 2011 ANNUAL REPORT MISSION The Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) is a global knowledge and technical assistance program administered by the World Bank. It provides analytical and advisory services to low- and middle-income countries to increase their know-how and institutional capacity to achieve environmentally sustainable energy solutions for poverty reduction and economic growth. ESMAP is funded by Australia, Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, as well as the World Bank. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: HELPING TO SHAPE THE ENERGY FUTURE 1 A Changing Energy Landscape 1 Reorienting for Results 3 New Initiatives and Partnerships 6 Chapter 2: ACCELERATING THE TRANSITION TO CLEAN ENERGY AND LOW CARBON DEVELOPMENT 9 Renewable Energy Market Transformation: India, Mexico, and Peru 10 Harnessing the Sun: Concentrating on CSP 11 Low Carbon Studies: Roadmaps for Sustainable Growth 11 Tools for Mitigation and Adaptation Planning 12 Chapter 3: FIGHTING ENERGY POVERTY 19 Focusing on Household Energy 20 AFREA 21 Expansion of Access to Rural and Poor Urban Communities 25 Chapter 4: HELPING DEVELOP THE NEXT GENERATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY 29 Public Procurement 30 Building Codes 33 Developing Low Carbon Cities 33 Chapter 5: DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE ENERGY SECTOR POLICIES, PRACTICES, AND INSTITUTIONS 37 Mitigating Energy Vulnerabilities in a Volatile World 38 Institutions, Governance, and Market Structures 39 Chapter 6: FINANCIAL REVIEW 45 ANNEX I: PROCEEDINGS OF Consultative Group MEETING, 2011 50 ANNEX II: STATUS OF PROGRAM OUTPUTS, FY2009–11 55 ANNEX III: WORLD BANK GROUP LENDING OPERATIONS INFLUENCED BY ESMAP ACTIVITIES, FY2009–11 70 ANNEX IV: COMPLETED, NEW, AND ONGOING ACTIVITIES, FY2011 73 ANNEX V: PUBLICATIONS, FY2011 77 Acronyms 81 CHAPTER 1 Helping to shape the For almost 30 years, the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (esmap) has energy future helped low- and middle-income countries develop and implement sustainable energy policies, strengthen institutions and invest in infrastructure to support poverty reduction and economic growth. By virtue of its location in the World Bank, esmap plays a unique role at the nexus of energy and development. Esmap helps its clients achieve access to reliable, affordable, and modern energy services by connecting global experts with policymakers, carrying out in-depth energy sector assessments at the national and regional levels, and building an ever-growing body of knowledge on effective responses to energy challenges. At the same time, esmap informs a wide range of the World Bank’s lending and technical assistance in the energy sector. Through this work, esmap has had a lasting impact on energy regulations, institutions, and programs in developing and transition countries around the world. A changing energy landscape The world is facing a quickly changing energy landscape shaped by volatile prices for fossil fuels, uncertain supply, fast-paced technological change, and climate risks. A key development priority for the global community is to achieve significant progress on the combined challenge of eliminating energy poverty, providing increased energy security, and effecting major reductions in, or avoiding future, greenhouse gas emissions. 2 0 1 1 annual report 1 box 1.1 Developing countries’ interest in and investments toward renewable energy and energy efficiency CONSULTATIVE GROUP have grown by leaps and bounds in recent years. Access to energy has become a critical challenge ESMAP is governed by a Consultative Group for national governments, which face the (CG) made up of representatives from prospect of failing to achieve many of their contributing donors and chaired by the Director development goals due to energy shortages and of the Sustainable Energy Department of the unreliable provision of energy services. World Bank, on behalf of the Vice President of the Sustainable Development Network. The CG meets annually to review the strategic The past decade has seen a significant increase in directions of ESMAP, its achievements, and its World Bank energy lending — from under US$1 use of resources and funding requirements. billion in Fiscal Year (FY) 2001 to over US$8 billion in FY2011. At the same time, the World Bank ESMAP’s donors are: portfolio is becoming more diverse, with a growing emphasis on low carbon growth and cleaner and Australia more efficient energy to the 2.7 billion people Austria who rely on traditional biomass fuel for cooking Denmark and heating, in addition to interventions that bring Finland electricity access to the 1.3 billion people France worldwide who currently are in the dark. Germany Iceland Lithuania The substantial growth in the size and complexity Norway of the World Bank’s energy portfolio has been Sweden accompanied by increasing demand from clients The Netherlands for more analytical work and technical assistance United Kingdom to help define policy options and program The World Bank priorities as well as to build institutional capacity. ESMAP has expanded its operations in response to these evolving needs, with a corresponding growth in what the program has been able to box 1.2 accomplish. In the past three fiscal years TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP (FY2009–11), ESMAP activities contributed to the identification and design of approved World Bank A Technical Advisory Group (TAG) of energy lending of US$11.75 billion.1 In FY2011 international experts provides independent alone, ESMAP supported over 130 analytical and opinions to the CG about the purpose, strategic advisory activities to inform energy policies and direction, and priorities of ESMAP. The TAG investments and improve sector governance, with also provides advice and suggestions to the CG over US$16 million in grants disbursed. on current and emerging global issues in the energy sector that are likely to impact ESMAP’s Key ESMAP achievements in FY2011 include the client counties. following: In FY2011, the TAG members were: n Supported Lighting Africa, which has reached Judi Wakhungu close to 1.5 million people with cleaner, Winfried Rijssenbeek Wolfgang Mostert 1 For details, please see Annex III. 2 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram quality-certified off-grid lighting products in Reorienting for Results Sub-Saharan Africa To meet growing demand from clients, ESMAP is n Informed World Bank lending for the scale up adjusting its work program and areas of focus, of concentrated solar power (CSP) in the while maintaining the thematic priorities from its Middle East and North Africa that is expected current Strategic Business Plan. This reorientation to accelerate local manufacturing, is based on five “core principles� for ESMAP’s entrepreneurship and job creation work going forward: n Produced Low Carbon Growth Studies for Help shape the future: ESMAP’s focus will be on South Africa, India and Poland that identify research and analysis that influences the strategic greenhouse gas mitigation opportunities direction of the energy sector. ESMAP’s current and the financial, technical, and policy portfolio should be a leading indicator of the requirements for transition to a low carbon World Bank’s future investment portfolio in the development path energy sector. n Delivered country-specific “market transformation� Scale up to respond to increased client demand: strategies to help plan for large-scale integration ESMAP will scale up in areas of increasing client of renewable energy for India, Mexico, and Peru focus and rapidly rising demand, including household energy, municipal energy efficiency, n Through the Energy Efficient Cities Initiative and results-based financing for clean energy access. (ECCI), informed World Bank lending operations by synthesizing best practices and Measure results and demonstrate impacts: implementation lessons on public procurement ESMAP will invest greater resources in measuring of energy efficiency services and building the performance of its programs. Accountability energy efficiency codes from around the world for outputs and outcomes will be critical elements of ESMAP’s monitoring and evaluation processes. n Launched HEAT, the Hands-on Energy Adaptation Toolkit, which provides step-by-step guidance Maintain relevance to the World Bank’s for practitioners as they conduct a risk regional operations: The strength of ESMAP as a assessment of climate vulnerabilities and global program has been its strong links to adaptation options for a country’s energy sector country clients through the World Bank’s regional operations units. ESMAP-managed analytical and n Integrated gender-sensitive approaches to knowledge activities will be targeted to and improving access to energy services into aligned with country-level needs. World Bank-financed energy projects in Mali, Kenya, Senegal, Benin, and Tanzania Working across teams: ESMAP’s teams will be increasingly cross-cutting, drawing on the expertise of n Demonstrated positive results from the use of staff working across different programs and initiatives. TRACE, the Tool for Rapid Assessment of City Energy, which offers cities a quick and user- New Framework for Program Areas and Grants friendly way to assess their energy efficiency and identify key areas for improvement, in A newly-formed Clean Energy team has incorporated Indonesia, Turkey, the Philippines, and Vietnam the work of the Renewable Energy Market Transformation Initiative (REMTI) as well as work being done by ESMAP on low carbon development and climate change. The Pro-Poor Energy Access Technical Assistance Program (PEA-TAP) has 2 0 1 1 annual report 3 been subsumed into the work of a new Energy projects. Examples of such best practices include Access team, which will also support the Africa the appointment of a gender focal point in the Renewable Energy Access Program (AFREA). The rural energy agency in Mali and an assessment of Energy Efficient Cities Initiative (EECI ) and the a livelihood activity in Benin that led to engagement Energy Assessments and Strategies Program with local communities to spread the benefits of (EASP) will continue to focus on sector issues — the program to women. such as utility performance, governance, and credit-worthiness, as well as strengthened energy There is mounting evidence that strong energy sector planning — with adjustments for changing sector performance is underpinned by effective client needs. This reorganization more clearly and transparent governance. Poorly designed delineates ESMAP focus areas while allowing and administered regulatory institutions can teams to continue to work together closely to adversely affect the provision of energy services support the World Bank’s regional units and to the poorest of society. A recent survey in South collaborate on cross-cutting themes. Asian countries found that power consumers faced endemic petty corruption. More than 60 To improve its operational leveraging, ESMAP has percent of the electricity users surveyed reported also made enhancements to its Annual Block Grants irregular connection processes and direct payment (ABGs) to the World Bank’s regional energy to utility office staff. In view of the considerable sector units. Going forward, these grants will importance of improving regulatory and market- include a variable performance-based allocation oriented governance in the energy sector, ESMAP determined by: (i) the amount of energy lending is encouraging clients to submit proposals of the regional units; (ii) the disbursement through the ABGs to strengthen the corporate performance of prior years’ ESMAP grants; (iii) governance of public utilities; help client regional cofinancing budget contributions to ESMAP- governments and state agencies establish open supported activities; and (iv) World Bank lending and fair legal, regulatory, contractual and fiscal influenced by the region’s ESMAP-supported frameworks; systematically collect governance data; activities. To initiate country dialogue on ‘frontier’ and make information regularly available to both sector issues, incentives will also be included in the public at large and sector stakeholders. the ABGs for the regional units to undertake more cross-cutting activities, such as those in the A number of countries face a professional skills urban, water, transport, and environment sectors. gap that impedes the development and effective running of their power sectors. Emerging economies Cross-Sectoral Themes require an ever-growing number of skilled personnel to meet increasing energy demands, while small- In both its global analytical work and in its and low-income developing countries may lack support to the work of the regional units, ESMAP trained professionals across entire competencies. is devoting increasing resources to such In Africa, ESMAP activities include training in the cross-cutting themes and frontier issues. design, installation and management of solar systems, as well as an assessment of the needs of To integrate gender considerations into energy Economic Community of West African States projects, ESMAP is developing a gender “toolkit� (ECOWAS) countries in hydropower development. for World Bank task teams. Based on ongoing work In South Asia, a comprehensive study reviewed on gender and energy in Mali, Senegal, Benin, the skills gap in the power sector in India. In the Tanzania, and Kenya (see Chapter 3), the toolkit Middle East, an ESMAP study looked at the includes best practices and guidelines for potential for skills development as CSP is assessments, indicators, and monitoring that can developed in North Africa (see Chapter 2). be used to ensure that both men and women benefit from, and are empowered by, energy 4 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram M&E and Communications n Expanding the dissemination of ESMAP knowledge products to ensure they reach In line with the core principles above, a new policymakers, practitioners, World Bank monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system for operational staff and other key audiences ESMAP was implemented in FY2011. The new system goes a step beyond measuring the delivery n Improving the packaging of ESMAP of outputs, focusing on specific development knowledge products — including technical outcomes. Since July 2010, when the new M&E reports, guidance notes, toolkits and planning results framework became operational, several tools — so that they are accessible, consistent, enhancements have been implemented, including and easy to use more robust rules for the identification and measuring of outcomes, assigned reviewers for n Enhancing the quality of core communications monitoring of specific activities, and use of data products — including brochures, the monthly collected through the M&E system for ESMAP bulletin, the program website, and social management decision making. media channels — to better deliver key messages and information about ESMAP As ESMAP’s portfolio grows and demand increases findings, achievements, and results for its services and knowledge products, it faces substantially greater needs for communication n Supporting the communications needs of and dissemination support. ESMAP is developing new ESMAP initiatives and partnerships, a new communications strategy and is putting in including outreach about the program’s work place an integrated communications, publications, to new audiences and web team. The team is focused on: 2 0 1 1 annual report 5 Building on Lessons Learned multi-year activities under AFREA were found to be particularly effective, especially in scaling up The realignment of focus areas and strengthening renewable energy and to address complex of operational functions demonstrate ESMAP’s energy access issues. At the same time, AFREA commitment to respond to client needs. The global has found that its recipient-executed grants are analytical and advisory work done by ESMAP’s core much more effective if channeled through national team is developed based on feedback from client rural energy agencies, reducing administrative countries as well as from the regional units, which costs for both the World Bank and recipients. work closely with client countries on their energy policy needs. Proposals for ESMAP support for regional work through the ABG process are required New Initiatives and Partnerships to be based on demand from client countries and demonstrate a close relationship with these ESMAP is also taking on new initiatives that will countries’ and regions’ energy sector priorities. expand ESMAP’s operational leveraging impacts; increase the focus on energy access, particularly Institutionally, ESMAP has continuously improved in Africa; scale up results-based financing in the its processes and capacities as it incorporates energy sector; and respond to client needs in lessons learned. Over the past two years, in pursuit of low carbon, climate-resilient energy response to recommendations from the Technical sector development. Advisory Group, donors, and clients, ESMAP has: Special Initiative for Africa: AFREA II n Integrated its funding with the World Bank’s budget cycle so that funds are available to the ESMAP and the World Bank’s Africa Energy Unit regional units at the beginning of the fiscal year have proposed a new special initiative for Africa: the second phase of AFREA, to support n Improved the grant approval process so that sustainable energy solutions for improved access proposals can now be approved in a matter of to modern energy services in Sub-Saharan Africa. days and weeks, rather than months This follows on the success of the original AFREA program financed by the Netherlands (see n Strengthened the program’s capacities in Chapter 3). energy poverty and renewable energy by hiring new expert staff AFREA II would promote increased access to energy, with an emphasis on the development of renewable n Met the growing demand for studies on low energy, meeting basic household energy needs, carbon growth at the country level and low carbon energy sources. The initiative would also support the creation of an enabling environment n Developed new initiatives and helped the for regional cooperation and private sector World Bank develop a stronger presence in the participation in energy generation, transmission areas of household energy and cooking fuels and distribution. Specific activities would include: On the operational level, lessons learned from n Support to rural energy agencies and utilities analytical and advisory activities are incorporated directly into new ESMAP activities and into World n Continued support to Lighting Africa (see Bank lending operations. One example is the Chapter 3) experience of AFREA (see Chapter 3), which has n The Africa Clean Cooking Initiative, a new demonstrated the value of having a flexible initiative drawing on the Lighting Africa model, source of funding available for both World piloting and promoting improved cook stoves, Bank-executed and recipient-executed activities, improving sustainability of wood-fuel supply, with pilot projects that complement lending inter-fuel substitution, and development of operations in Sub-Saharan Africa. Programmatic, biomass energy strategies 6 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram n Disseminating information and building CDKN is a United Kingdom-based alliance of six capacity among stakeholders to improve private and not-for-profit organizations, launched access and scale up renewable energy in March 2010. Given the commonality of interest at CDKN and ESMAP in supporting research, n Low carbon development, energy efficiency, advisory services, knowledge management, and and climate change adaptation programs capacity building for climate-compatible development, the two organizations have agreed n Building private-public partnerships (PPPs) for to link the FY2012 ESMAP call for proposals with the delivery of sustainable energy services. CDKN’s program through matching grants. A particular objective is to deliver the analytical Program on Results-Based Funding for Energy work and technical assistance necessary for Sector Development ESMAP’s clients to position themselves for future climate finance. Results-based funding refers to development assistance that is provided in response to verified Support to Small Island States results, rather than providing funding up-front for inputs. There is increasing interest in results- The United Nations Development Programme based approaches from both client and donor (UNDP), the World Bank, and ESMAP, in close countries, but their deployment in the energy consultation with the Alliance of Small Island States sector has been limited in comparison to other (AOSIS) and the Government of Denmark, have sectors such as health, information and established a program to support the Small Island communication technology (ICT), and transport. Developing States (SIDS) to transition to low carbon economies through development and deployment In response, ESMAP has initiated a two-year work of renewable energy and energy efficiency. program that aims to assess how, and under what circumstances, results-based approaches can be The program, known as SIDS-DOCK, is expected to used to improve outcomes and scale up financing achieve the following outcomes in the near term: for energy sector development. It will support the design, implementation, and assessment of n Creation of enabling legal and institutional results-based funding approaches — with a environments in SIDS to remove barriers and particular focus on opportunities under the implement renewable energy and energy Climate Investment Funds (CIF) and Energy+ efficiency policy reforms based on (an international initiative to accelerate efforts international best practice towards universal access to energy, energy efficiency, and low carbon development). n Implementation of projects that develop, deploy, and demonstrate renewable energy ESMAP will work with the Global Partnership on and energy efficiency initiatives for potential Output-Based Aid (GPOBA), as well as the CIF and scale-up through climate finance and other Energy+ to develop a broad range of results-based sources of funding activities, with a focus on market expansion, private sector investment, and innovation. ESMAP will be responsible for the overall management of the program’s activities, which Partnership on Low Carbon and Climate would be carried out by the World Bank’s regions Resilient Energy Strategies with counterparts at the country level to ensure that activities are incorporated into clients’ ESMAP and the Climate and Development development strategies. Knowledge Network (CDKN) have partnered to offer clients the opportunity to leverage additional funds for low carbon and climate resilient strategies in the energy sector. 2 0 1 1 annual report 7 8 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram CHAPTER 2 ACCElerating the box 2 transition to clean ESMAP Achievements in FY2011 under the Clean Energy Program energy and low carbon development n Delivered country-specific “market transformation� strategies to help plan for large-scale integration of renewable energy for India, Mexico, and Peru n Produced the flagship report Climate Impacts on Energy Systems, a comprehensive look at the potential impacts of climate trends and weather variability on energy resources, infrastructure, and demand n Contributed to international efforts to scale up concentrated solar power in the Middle East and North Africa that are expected to accelerate local manufacturing, entrepreneurship, and job creation n Produced Low Carbon Growth Studies for South Africa, India, and Poland that identify greenhouse gas mitigation opportunities and the financial, technical, and policy requirements for transition to a low carbon development path n Launched HEAT, the Hands-on Energy Adaptation Toolkit, which provides step-by- step guidance for practitioners to conduct risk assessment of climate vulnerabilities and adaptation options for a country’s energy sector 2 0 1 1 annual report 9 Global investment in clean energy has undergone FY2011: a quantum leap in the last decade. Middle- Highlights & Achievements income and developing countries are becoming the largest markets for renewable energy investments. Facing substantially increased Renewable Energy Market energy demand from economic growth and rapidly Transformation: India, Mexico, expanding urban populations, volatile prices for and Peru traditional fuels, and energy security concerns, these countries are increasingly putting greatere ESMAP’s Renewable Energy Market Transformation emphasis on the transition to renewable sources Initiative (REMTI) was designed to help developing of energy in national development planning. countries manage this transition through market transformation strategies, renewable energy ESMAP is directly engaged in helping countries deployment roadmaps, and exchange between to develop the new policies, institutions, and countries on best practices. The work under regulations that support this transition. The REMTI has led in turn to more ambitious requests program’s analytical work takes best practices for assistance, particularly in developing PPPs and from around the world and demonstrates how they mobilizing concessional financing. As ESMAP is can be adopted for specific country and regional reorienting to meet these new demands, REMTI circumstances. Toolkits and handbooks build has been subsumed into ESMAP’s new Clean upon a large spectrum of international Energy program. experience to address specific renewable energy issues, helping clients identify, develop and In FY2011, notable examples of renewable energy implement investments and policies. ESMAP’s market transformation studies were completed advisory work helps to build consensus around for India and Mexico. The work in India was well low carbon growth plans and prepares clients to received at the highest levels of government and access sources of concessional financing. facilitated follow-up support by the World Bank 10 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram (see Box 2.1). In Mexico, the project team worked Energy Authority, and the results of the study closely with the Secretariat of Energy on a broad were disseminated at a workshop in Morocco in range of assistance, including an economic June 2011, attended by national renewable evaluation of renewable expansion in power energy agencies, as well as representatives of the generation, a study on the design of renewable private sector and the donor community. energy auctions, and a national renewable energy inventory. The economic evaluation estimated This work has informed international efforts to that by 2030 hydropower could make up 12 finance the scale-up of CSP in North Africa, percent of the installed capacity in the country’s involving the World Bank, the African power sector, with wind and geothermal Development Bank, and donor agencies from providing substantial additional generation. Europe, the Middle East, and Japan. Much of the funding for this effort will come from a Clean ESMAP also assisted Peru in reassessing the role Technology Fund investment plan that leverages of hydropower in the energy mix and building an both public and private investments. operational framework to manage the hydropower sector. Coming at a time when the country was The first project in this program is Ouarzazate I, a trying to meet rapidly increasing demand for 500 MW complex in Morocco that will be one of electricity, this assistance focused on strengthening the largest CSP installations in the world. In line the government’s role in sector planning, pricing with the objectives of Morocco’s Solar Plan and policy, concessions and licensing, and project the findings of the ESMAP assessment, Ouarzazate I financing. A report, Peru: Opportunities and encourages local research and development, Challenges of Small Hydropower Development, skills development and training. In November published in March 2011, found that there was 2011, the World Bank approved US$297 million in considerable potential for small hydropower in financing for the project. Other CSP plants in the country, estimated at 1,600 MW. North Africa are now in the pipeline, including the 100 MW Kom Ombo plant in Egypt and a 50 MW CSP project in Tunisia. Harnessing the Sun: Concentrating on CSP The World Bank in June 2011 published an ESMAP-supported discussion paper that reviews Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) is becoming a international CSP efforts to date to draw lessons growing area of focus for ESMAP as governments on regulatory and financial incentives to press ahead to mobilize large-scale investments accelerate further expansion. The paper to tap the potential of this technology to deliver recommended establishing policy incentives for utility-scale reliable electricity. In FY2011, ESMAP local manufacturing of CSP components and supported work on CSP scale-up in South Africa suggested a combination of reverse auctions and and in India, including analysis of the economics of feed-in tariffs as an effective combination of local production and sourcing of CSP components. incentives for developing countries that are just entering the CSP market. The most significant work in this area to date, however, has been carried out in the Middle East and North Africa. In FY2010, ESMAP supported an Low Carbon Studies: Roadmaps assessment of the potential for local manufacturing for Sustainable Growth to enable CSP scale-up in this region. The report, released in July 2010, makes the case that the Through its low carbon development studies, region can generate substantial income and ESMAP works with countries to assess the employment from CSP deployment at scale. The potential for greenhouse gas mitigation report was presented at a regional workshop in consistent with their national development Cairo cohosted by Egypt’s New and Renewable strategies and identify the policies and financing 2 0 1 1 annual report 11 necessary for the transition to sustainability, Tools for Mitigation and particularly in the energy sector. Adaptation Planning To date, ESMAP has supported Low Carbon The low carbon studies point to a new direction Growth Country Studies in seven major emerging of economic development, and demonstrated the economies: Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, importance of planning tools to help design the Mexico, Poland, and South Africa. Given the policies and investments needed to move differing country contexts, the findings of these towards green growth. studies have varied widely. The Poland report describes a transition to a low carbon economy ESMAP has contributed significantly to the that is attainable provided early abatement development of knowledge tools to guide decision- measures are taken, and focuses the attention of making about climate change mitigation and low policymakers on energy efficiency in the transport carbon growth. EFFECT — the Energy sector. The India study examines a range of Forecasting Framework & Emissions Consensus potential “carbon futures� for that country, and Tool — developed largely while preparing the helps prioritize policy measures to reduce energy India low carbon study, analyzes greenhouse gas intensity in large industries. The study also helped emissions growth for a range of development inform follow-on work by the World Bank to scenarios. By looking at both energy demand and support India’s efforts to transition to renewable supply, EFFECT develops 25-year emissions energy (see Box 2.1). forecasts in a transparent way to help build consensus on emissions growth reduction The potential catalytic effect of ESMAP’s work in interventions and investment plans. this area was clearly demonstrated in Mexico. The ESMAP-supported study Low Carbon MACTool — the Marginal Abatement Cost Tool — Development for Mexico (known by its Spanish developed through the Brazil Low Carbon acronym, MEDEC) evaluated possible interventions Country Case Study, gives planners the ability to in five sectors: electric power, oil and gas, quickly compare the costs and benefits of stationary energy end-use, transport, as well as mitigation options by measuring their marginal agriculture and forestry. Recommendations abatement cost, the cost per ton of carbon included development of a bus rapid transit emissions avoided. system, expansion of efficient lighting and appliances programs, and the scale-up of wind ESMAP has also developed a new initiative to test energy. The study found that Mexico had great measures and investments for mitigating the potential for low carbon growth — that if the exposure of the energy sector to climate risk. MEDEC recommendations were followed, Mexico Climate vulnerability, risk and adaptation by 2030 could experience significant growth in assessments for the energy sectors of Albania gross domestic product (GDP) and per capita and Uzbekistan were conducted in 2009 and 2010. income while still keeping emissions at 2008 HEAT, the Hands-on Energy Adaptation Toolkit, levels. Following the release of the report, the builds on the lessons from these assessments. World Bank’s engagement in Mexico’s planning HEAT is now available to other countries and process has increased substantially, with a provides a step-by-step guidance framework to US$400 million Low Carbon Growth Development lead energy practitioners through a risk Policy Loan approved in November 2010. Two assessment of climate vulnerabilities and other loans by the World Bank and the Clean adaptation options. Technology Fund, for sustainable transport and energy efficient appliances, drew heavily on the findings of the MEDEC study. 12 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram highlights of New ESMAP- Climate Change Implications for Growth in the Supported CLEAN efficiency Non-Oil Sector in Nigeria Activities by the World Bank’s This project evaluates the potential threats and opportunities posed by climate change to Regional Units Nigeria’s economic growth, with a focus on India: Understanding Private Sector potential impacts on the Lagos Metropolitan Participation in Hydropower Area from the present out to 2050. This work This study reviews the underlying policy and will include development of reference and other regulatory framework for private sector climate change scenarios for Nigeria, modeling participation in hydropower at both the national potential impacts and the effectiveness of and state level. A comprehensive inventory of adaptation options, and development of policy private sector hydropower initiatives is intended and investment recommendations to enhance to capture comparative information about the climate resilience. characteristics of these projects, highlighting specific tariff determination methods and Geothermal Risk Mitigation Framework in approaches to financing. These in turn will be Indonesia compared with experience from other countries Indonesia’s geothermal power potential is with similar resource endowments, particularly estimated at 27 GW, roughly 40 percent of the in Latin America, to provide recommendations world’s resources. Despite this potential, so about the sustainable development of far less than 4 percent of the total geothermal hydropower in India. resources in Indonesia have been developed to produce power. The World Bank is helping Assessment of Smart Grid Application to Pertamina Geothermal Energy (PGE), the Jordan’s Transmission System leading public sector developer, to improve Jordan has embarked on a plan to boost its operational and managerial capacity to renewable energy to 10 percent of total meet industry and international standards. electricity generation by 2020. This starting This study reviews the lessons learned during point is expected to exploit the country’s the preparation of two major PGE projects to location as a future gateway through which draw out good practices for the development of renewable electricity could be exported to geothermal resources around the world. Europe either from Jordan itself or from other countries in the Middle East. The present status Serbia Low Carbon Energy Path and operations of Jordan’s electricity grid This study supports the development of a will be reviewed, with a view to deployment of strategy note to help policymakers in Serbia smart grid technologies, including increased improve the sustainability of power generation, automation, demand management systems, and facilitate investment, and allow the national increased access of renewable electricity to the power sector to effectively compete in the grid. This activity also includes a review of the regional power market. A particular focus is best practices of other countries in deploying possible linkages between gas, district heating, smart grid programs. and renewable generation. The strategy note assesses the impact of regional developments and the prospect of electricity markets for the Western Balkans. 2 0 1 1 annual report 13 BOX 2.1 A Warm Reception for Renewables in India An ESMAP-backed report, Unleashing the Potential of Renewable Energy in India, created a splash when it was released in India in February 2011. The launch generated significant media attention, with articles highlighting a central point of the report: if the government is to meet its target of expanding renewable installed capacity by 40 GW by 2022, substantial financial and regulatory barriers will have to be addressed. Access to grid power in India remains low, leaving about 400 million people without coverage. At the same time, demand for electricity is expected to grow rapidly, and generation capacity will have to expand five- fold in the next 25 years to keep pace. Development of renewable energy sources can help meet this demand while mitigating fuel price volatility and increasing energy security. The report estimates that India has 150 GW of renewable energy potential, of which only 10 percent was being realized as of 2009. Most of the remainder — including 90 percent of the renewable capacity in wind, biomass, and small hydropower — is economically feasible when the environmental premiums on coal are brought into consideration. To improve the operating environment for renewable energy, the report recommends streamlined, market-based government interventions to take the place of a number of current incentive programs, the establishment of a national renewable energy fund, and the creation of dedicated renewable energy parks. It highlights the lack of adequate grid interconnections as one of the largest obstacles and recommends making the expansion of transmission infrastructure for renewable energy a top priority. In April 2011, India’s Environment Minister at the time, Jairam Ramesh, sent a letter to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, drawing attention to the report. At the same time, World Bank engagement with India on the scale-up of renewables has intensified. ESMAP’s low carbon country growth study for India was published, helping India prepare for US$750 million in financing for environmentally sustainable growth activities through the Clean Technology Fund. An assessment of India’s regulation of renewable energy was carried out, with a comparative analysis of the country’s use of feed-in tariffs, renewable purchase obligations, and renewable energy certificates. A study has also been undertaken to better understand risk perceptions of solar developers for CSP projects in India, which is expected to contribute towards the successful implementation of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission announced in January 2010. 14 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram A global flagship report Climate Impacts on FY2012–13: Energy Systems was published in FY2011. The Targeting Resources report is a compendium of what is known about climate trends and weather variability, and to Client Needs takes a comprehensive look at the potential impacts of these changes on energy resources, infrastructure, and demand. The report argues To respond to the requests for support from that the energy sector must weigh emerging client countries to mainstream long-term green climate conditions and their impacts on design, growth promotion, low carbon development construction, operation, and maintenance on planning, and the immediate needs related to par with other business risks. It recommends an renewable energy investments and policies integrated risk-based planning approach to design and implementation, ESMAP has address these risks while operating in an consolidated its efforts under a new Clean environment of uncertainty. Energy Program. 2 0 1 1 annual report 15 BOX 2.2 Winds of Change across Asia The Winds of Change report focuses on sustainable energy development in East Asia’s middle-income countries: China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. The study, supported by ESMAP along with the Governments of Australia and Japan, was published as a flagship report for the World Bank’s East Asia region and followed an unprecedented ramp-up in renewable energy deployments across the region in the late 2000s. The study proposes a strategic direction for the region to move to a sustainable energy path over the next two decades, and presents policy tools and financing mechanisms to get there. The main conclusion is that large-scale deployment of energy efficiency and low carbon technology could stabilize the region’s greenhouse gas emissions by 2025, significantly improve the environment, and strengthen energy security without compromising economic growth. The report was presented in December 2010 at the Philippines’ Renewable Energy Forum. Following the forum, Philippines Energy Secretary Jose Almendras invited World Bank experts to join a roundtable in Manila to advise the Philippines government on implementation of the Renewable Energy Act, passed in 2008. The roundtable brought together the heads of major Philippines government agencies concerned with renewable energy and industry representatives. The World Bank experts advised the Department of Energy on how to best implement renewable portfolio standards and feed-in tariffs based on international experience. Successful consultations on the flagship report were also held with the governments of China, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Participants in these consultations endorsed the findings of the report and stressed the importance of rationalizing energy pricing, as well as the potential for regional cooperation and knowledge exchange, particularly on energy efficiency and low carbon technologies. 16 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram The Clean Energy Program will target its analytical Clean energy technologies training. In view of work and the development of tools and toolkits to growing demand from client countries for the needs of clients, particularly as they prepare assistance in the demonstration, deployment, for climate and low carbon development financing. and transfer of low carbon technologies, ESMAP Several activities are being identified to support proposes to reinforce and expand the knowledge clean energy scale-up and to systematically base of staff at the World Bank and other address issues from renewable energy resource multilateral development banks by developing identification to investment planning, policy and offering a clean energy technologies training design, and skills development. Among the program. The program would be accompanied by activities planned for FY2012–13 are: a series of guidebooks on clean energy technologies and an updated and expanded, Renewed focus on geothermal energy. The web-based Renewable Energy Toolkit targeted to demand for baseload electricity has never been World Bank technical staff and project greater, and countries are taking a fresh look at developers. geothermal and next-generation hydropower as cleaner sources of reliable supply. ESMAP will publish a landmark Handbook on Planning and Financing Geothermal Power Generation in mid 2012 to provide advice to practitioners and investors on how to design, finance, and implement geothermal projects. The handbook is designed as a global knowledge product, drawing on lessons from around the world, and is already being utilized by World Bank teams in Ethiopia and Kenya. Another 2012 ESMAP study will focus specifically on a region with high geothermal potential: Central America. This assessment looks at the barriers that have prevented the region from exploiting its geothermal resources, and how to overcome those barriers and manage up-front risks. Grid integration and smart grids. Continuing on the work it has done to assist clients with technical issues as they scale up renewable energy generation, ESMAP will carry out analytical work and targeted technical assistance to facilitate grid integration with renewable sources of power and the deployment of smart grids. Current work underway includes a study of storage and integration issues for systems combining renewables and natural gas, and a global project to enhance the ability of World Bank staff to advise clients on smart grid technologies. 2 0 1 1 annual report 17 18 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram CHAPTER 3 Fighting Energy box 3 Poverty ESMAP Achievements in FY2011 under the Energy Access Program n Supported Lighting Africa, which has reached close to 1.5 million people with cleaner, quality-certified off-grid lighting products in Sub-Saharan Africa n Partnered with the Global Alliance for Clean Cook Stoves, an international PPP formed with the goal of adoption of clean and efficient stoves and fuels in 100 million homes by 2020, and launched a global mapping study on cook stove programs n Through AFREA, assisted Liberia to establish a renewable energy agency and explored the potential for CSP in southern Africa n Integrated gender-sensitive approaches to improving access to energy services into World Bank-financed energy projects in Mali, Kenya, Senegal, Benin, and Tanzania n Continued to support the Africa Electrification Initiative (AEI), a dynamic platform for representatives from African energy ministries, utilities, regulatory entities, research centers, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to share practical information on ground-level implementation issues 2 0 1 1 annual report 19 Improving access to modern energy services for FY2011: the poor has been at the heart of ESMAP’s work Highlights & Achievements for almost 30 years. More recently, this issue has come to the forefront for many countries, with the recognition that key national development goals Focusing on Household Energy will remain out of reach without a concerted effort to fight energy poverty. Pressure is increasing on Over 2.7 billion people around the world continue governments and their development partners to to rely on traditional biomass fuels for their expand the delivery of reliable energy services, cooking and heating needs. For people in these and to do so in a sustainable manner. Energy communities, the absence of affordable, reliable access has also moved to the top of the energy has significant consequences for human international agenda. The United Nations has health, welfare, and economic development. declared 2012 the Year of Sustainable Energy for Women and girls are particularly affected, as All, and a campaign by the same name, led by the they are usually responsible for collecting UN Secretary General, calls for universal access to firewood and cooking. Smoke inhalation from modern energy services by 2030. traditional stoves and open fires is a major cause of respiratory disease. The World Health ESMAP is responding to these new demands by Organization estimates 1.9 million deaths annually producing globally applicable analytical work that result from indoor air pollution. will inform new programs, testing results-based approaches for improved energy access, and Helping to address this multidimensional building new partnerships to combat energy household energy challenge has become one of poverty on a broad front. the primary focus areas for ESMAP in recent 20 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram years. The report Household Energy Access for products designed to address specific needs in Cooking and Heating: Lessons Learned and Way the region. Forward provides recommendations on how the World Bank can scale up investments in household A toolkit on solar photovoltaic (PV) energy for energy projects, based on lessons learned from community service facilities, produced in FY2011, previous work. A total of 31 projects from 1989 provides guidance on how hospitals, schools, and through 2010 were surveyed. Among the findings local government agencies can ensure the were that a holistic approach to household long-term sustainability and maintenance of energy issues was necessary, and needs and their off-grid solar PV installations. Such systems preferences of end-users should inform the can be difficult to maintain and repair, especially design and dissemination of cooking devices. for poor and remote communities. The toolkit argues for putting as much attention on In late 2010, ESMAP joined the Global Alliance for organizational frameworks, maintenance, and Clean Cook Stoves, an international PPP formed operations in the post-project period as on with the goal of adoption of clean and efficient initial budgeting and procurement. stoves and fuels in 100 million homes by 2020. The partnership has benefits for both ESMAP and A core element of AFREA’s work is technical the Alliance, which can build on the numerous assistance and advisory work targeted to the scoping studies and pilot projects on cook stoves needs of specific countries and sub-regions within that ESMAP has supported. ESMAP has since Africa. In FY2011, AFREA assisted Liberia to set up participated in the development of the Alliance’s a renewable energy agency (see Box 3.2), and Strategy for Universal Adoption of Clean Cook supported work exploring the potential for CSP in Stoves and Fuels, published in November 2011. southern Africa. ESMAP and the Alliance have also jointly launched a global study to map existing stove AFREA also provides grants directly to governments programs and identify priorities in scaling up in the region to carry out activities that complement their promotion. existing World Bank operations. These grants are based on specific demands from clients as they ESMAP is now in the process of developing a expand the use of renewable energy technologies. suite of analytical studies that will inform In FY2011, these included scale up of solar and household energy interventions globally (see the biofuels, village mini-grids in Mali, small grants for FY2012–13 section below for details). innovative proposals for delivering affordable micro-energy services to rural areas in Tanzania, and building the capacity of two universities in AFREA Ghana and Burkina Faso to provide renewable energy education. A key pillar of ESMAP’s energy access work is AFREA, the Africa Renewable Energy and Access The Biomass Energy Initiative for Africa, under Program. AFREA was established in 2008 as a AFREA, has funded the implementation of nine special ESMAP program for Sub-Saharan Africa, biomass pilot projects in eight Sub-Saharan reflecting the pressing need to develop scalable, African countries. In Rwanda and Tanzania, innovative solutions to close the region’s energy charcoal producers have been trained in more access gap. AFREA finances multi-year activities efficient and sustainable techniques of focused on new ways of expanding access, such production. In Uganda, a pilot project has been as Lighting Africa (see Box 3.1) and the commissioned to generate electricity from Sector-Wide Approach (SWAp) for Energy biodegradable waste. Planning. It also develops studies and knowledge 2 0 1 1 annual report 21 BOX 3.1 Lighting Africa Lighting Africa is a World Bank/ International Finance Corporation (IFC) initiative, supported by ESMAP, which seeks to accelerate the adoption of clean off-grid lighting technologies by households and businesses throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. The goal is to provide cleaner, more affordable lighting to 2.5 million people by 2012 and 250 million people by 2030. The program consists of five basic components, designed to address specific market barriers: n Quality Assurance: Establishing quality specifications and developing testing methodologies to promote the manufacturing and distribution of quality products n Market Intelligence: Informing the design of suitable products for the African market n Business Support and Access to Finance: Assisting manufacturers and distributors in achieving their business goals and supporting new business models to deliver low-cost and high-quality off-grid lighting, and supporting distributors and consumers to locate potential sources of funding n Consumer Education: Generating awareness about and building demand for modern off-grid lighting products n Policy and Regulation: Engaging governments to create an enabling policy and regulatory environment and supporting them in integrating modern off-grid lighting in their electrification plans To date, 18 products from 12 companies have met Lighting Africa’s quality standards, and their manufacturers and distributors now receive support from the program. The products range from small task lamps to larger battery pack, multi-light systems, retailing between US$20–80. Nearly all of them charge mobile phones in addition to providing light. The program has been piloted in Kenya and Ghana. Since 2010, close to 1.5 million people in Africa have acquired access to cleaner, safer, better lighting with Lighting Africa quality-certified off-grid lighting products. Over 300,000 quality-certified systems have been sold since 2010 (when Lighting Africa started monitoring sales), and it is almost certain that Lighting Africa’s target of 500,000 systems by 2012 will be surpassed. A comprehensive consumer awareness program was rolled out in Kenya and Ghana, educating consumers about off-grid lighting alternatives to enable them to make informed purchasing decisions. The campaign reached 11 million people in rural Kenya and 675,000 people in Ghana. A separate AFREA activity in Tanzania, developed in cooperation with the Lighting Africa program, is providing support to the Rural Energy Agency in providing innovation grants to 10 local organizations for piloting sustainable business models to bring clean, quality, and affordable lighting to remote rural areas in Tanzania. Lighting Africa is now expanding as a pan-African program. The lessons learned from the pilot countries of Kenya and Ghana are being packaged and adapted to other countries in the region. Lighting Africa has designed a scale-up plan targeting three sub-regions — East Africa, Anglophone West Africa, and Francophone West Africa. Apart from Kenya and Ghana, Lighting Africa is active in Ethiopia, Liberia, Mali, Senegal, and Tanzania. 22 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram BOX 3.2 Building a New Foundation for Renewable Energy in Liberia Liberia has been rebuilding from a series of civil wars that damaged much of the country’s energy infrastructure. At the end of 2011, only 1.5 percent of the people living in the capital Monrovia had access to publicly provided electricity, and no access was available in areas outside of Monrovia. Most people rely on small gasoline and diesel generators, kerosene, candles, firewood and charcoal to meet their energy needs. Even if Liberia is able to provide electricity to its people in line with its National Energy Policy, which calls for 30 percent of the population to have access to electricity by 2015, the majority will remain off the power grid for a long time to come. Modern renewable energy sources will be crucial in making a difference in people’s lives. To this end AFREA support has been key in helping establish Liberia’s first ever dedicated Rural and Renewable Energy Agency (RREA). AFREA provided strategic, technical, and legal support to Liberia’s Ministry of Lands, Mines and Energy to set up the agency, as well as training for its new staff on renewable energy technologies and annual plan development. “Without AFREA, the setting up of Liberia’s RREA would have probably taken many more years,� says Augustus Goanue, RREA’s Executive Director. AFREA financing is also helping to leverage two specific types of renewable energy — micro-hydropower and solar energy. The construction of a pilot micro-hydropower plant is well under way in Lofa County, which is to demonstrate how village-owned and operated micro-hydropower plants can be put in place in Liberia. In parallel, the introduction of affordable, high-quality solar systems is being fostered. The RREA itself will have a solar system installed on its roof to serve as a demonstration project. Women and girls are disproportionately affected of the SWAp program, with SWAp work by a lack of access to modern energy services. ongoing in Ethiopia. AFREA’s Gender and Energy program is a cross-cutting initiative that attempts to integrate n Establishment of the Africa Electrification gender considerations into the work not only of Initiative to create a body of practical knowledge AFREA but of rural energy agencies in the region for practitioners in the region (see below). (see Box 3.3). However, energy needs in Sub-Saharan Africa remain The original objective for AFREA in 2008 was to complex, diverse, and urgent. Over 650 million implement activities that directly support and people in the region still lack access to modern create enabling conditions for increased energy services. While AFREA has had successes renewable energy investments and expanding to date, it is clear that its work is just beginning. access to modern energy. In looking at three examples of activities under AFREA, it is clear AFREA’s first phase, financed by the Government that this objective has been met and surpassed: of the Netherlands, is now winding down, and ESMAP and the World Bank’s Africa Region have n 1.5 million people provided with access to designed the next phase, AFREA II, focused on safe, clean lighting through Lighting Africa sustainable energy access expansion, renewable energy and energy efficiency scale-up, and n US$1.75 billion mobilized for expanded regional cooperation on generation and electricity access in Kenya and Rwanda as part transmission. See Chapter 1 for details. 2 0 1 1 annual report 23 BOX 3.3 Gender and Energy in Africa In Kenya, Mali, Senegal, and Tanzania, the groundwork is being laid for a new vision of energy access that addresses the needs of both men and women. Since 2010, AFREA’s Gender and Energy Program has been applying a gender-sensitive approach to energy project design and policy dialogue in African countries. Productive feedback is now being provided on these issues as trainers and policymakers visit villages and collect direct accounts from men and women. This feedback is integrated into the World Bank’s operations, research, and policy dialogues with client countries. In Mali, work on gender is already integrated into the International Development Association and AFREA cofinanced Household Energy and Universal Access Program. A key intermediate outcome of this work is the appointment of a gender focal point within the rural energy agency, AMADER — a first of its kind in the region. Based on the agency’s work in hundreds of villages in the past few years, a full gender and energy needs assessment has been carried out for Mali, which will be used to develop training and capacity building activities for rural communities. “Already, improving domestic energy access, changing woodfuel use, modernizing cook stoves, and powering up rural health centers, has enormously improved women’s quality of life and income generating ability. Now, much of the work needs to focus on getting cheaper technologies to reduce electricity prices,� says Madame Niang, AMADER’s gender focal point. 24 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram Expansion of Access to Rural Maputo, Mozambique in 2009, practitioners have and Poor Urban Communities been able to access an online database of discussion papers and idea forums, available Complementing its work on household and through the AEI website. community energy, ESMAP in FY2011 continued to carry out activities to support the expansion of Urban poor populations in South Asia and modern energy services to underserved Sub-Saharan Africa are projected to grow by 50 populations, such as poor communities on the percent by 2025. This will put tremendous outskirts of fast-growing cities, poor and remote pressure on cities in these regions as they work to rural areas, and urban slums. provide energy and other municipal services to poor communities. ESMAP in FY2011 carried out In Nepal, less than 30 percent of the rural a study on best practices for delivering energy countryside is connected. An ESMAP-funded services to the urban poor in developing study — Power and People: The Benefits of countries. The study found that factors, such as Renewable Energy in Nepal — argues that collaborative stakeholder engagement and decentralized renewable energy such as solar and community empowerment, were critical in micro-hydropower can fill the gap in rural areas, enabling better service delivery and promoting helping to meet the government’s targets of microenterprises as energy providers. In generating 10 MW from micro-hydropower Bangladesh, a system was established to projects and providing access to electricity to 12 distribute liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinders percent of the population through off-grid systems. through the training of mobile dealers, improving local energy security and livelihoods at the same In Africa, the ESMAP-AFREA financed Africa time. In Brazil, electricity service in a slum Electrification Initiative (AEI) has become a community in Salvador was expanded from 6,000 dynamic platform for representatives from African households to 200,000 after the power energy ministries, utilities, regulatory entities, distribution company made a multi-year effort to research centers, and NGOs to share practical reach out and engage community members information on ground-level implementation through trusted local agents and NGOs, and set issues relating to rural, peri-urban, and urban up a social fund by reinvesting part of the electrification. Since the original meeting in earnings from new connections. 2 0 1 1 annual report 25 Highlights of New ESMAP— Strategic Development of Household and other Supported Energy Access Energy Sectors in Haiti Activities by the World Bank’s Even before the 2010 earthquake, less than 30 percent of households in Haiti were connected Regional Units to electricity, and coverage in the countryside Capacity Building for Productive Uses of was extremely low. Over 80 percent of the Energy in Peru population depends on traditional biomass The Government of Peru is committed to improving fuels for cooking. This project aims to help the the rate of rural electrification, increasing coverage Government of Haiti develop technical and from an estimated 55 percent at the end of 2010 managerial capacity in the energy sector, in to 88 percent by 2020. This work looks at the order to coordinate the design and potential productive uses of electricity in rural implementation of policies and sector areas based on pilot projects under the national investment operations post- earthquake. This electrification program. Activities include an includes a household energy investment assessment of the needs of local businesses and program and the design and preparation of a entrepreneurs, marketing and promotion about program on energy access for the poor with an productive uses to local communities, and coordi- emphasis on productive uses. nation with the electricity distribution company. Over 4,700 small businesses and cooperatives Performance of Improved Cook Stoves in are covered under the first three pilot projects. Central America There is a concerted effort in Central America The Road to Durban: Africa Energy Ministers’ Event to improve the performance of cook stoves and This activity supported a conference of African to promote these stoves in communities using Energy Ministers prior to the UNFCCC’s 17th traditional cooking methods. ESMAP is Conference of the Parties (COP-17) in Durban, supporting the development of a toolkit that will South Africa, in December 2011. The conference facilitate decision-making around cook stoves intended to enhance African countries’ ability to for developers, donors, and governments. The develop low carbon growth strategies and to toolkit will assess the technical performance of raise awareness about climate negotiations and various cook stoves and look at socioeconomic Africa’s energy sector challenges among the and cultural aspects around adoption of ministers and potential negotiators. improved stoves. 26 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram FY2012–13: As part of its continuing partnership with the Global Knowledge World Bank’s Africa Region, ESMAP will support the launch of the Africa Clean Cooking Initiative Products and (ACCI), a market transformation program to Partnerships promote enterprise-based, large-scale dissemination and adoption of clean cooking solutions in Sub-Saharan Africa. In the initial As part of its commitment to addressing the growing stages, ACCI involves the design of country demand from clients for technical assistance on programs that will help identify target market energy access, ESMAP is planning a series of segments and the identification and knowledge products in FY2012 that will address implementation of pilot programs. global aspects of the household energy challenge. ESMAP is building on its work on urban energy A guidance note on household energy will be access issues by convening a community of prepared for World Bank operational staff and practice that will bring together government their clients to capitalize on the World Bank’s representatives, energy practitioners, and existing knowledge and experience in this area to community members to develop a technical help inform new interventions. Among the topics assistance program to support policies for the covered will be ensuring a sustainable biomass urban poor. On the rural side, ESMAP is fuel supply, stove performance and selection undertaking a study to explore emerging issues, and the treatment of subsidies and carbon methods of delivering power subsidies to finance. There is a lack of economic studies that farmers in India — such as ICT tools and smart cover both the supply and demand chains of meters — that do not jeopardize the health of household fuels for cooking and lighting. An power utilities or the sustainability of upcoming ESMAP report on the economics of groundwater resources. household energy is expected to fill this gap by assessing the costs and benefits of household ESMAP’s strong track record in energy access — energy interventions. its analytic work and support to investment projects — is now being leveraged through an ESMAP will work in partnership with a number of expanding set of international partnerships. The other organizations, such as GIZ, UNDP, UNIDO, program is working with the CIF and the Energy+ IEA and Practical Action, on a framework for partnership to develop innovations in defining and measuring access to energy that results-based approaches for improving energy builds on and enhances work done by these access and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. organizations. The goal is the establishment of an ESMAP is also participating in the UN’s Sustainable approach to defining and measuring energy Energy for All initiative, and is expected to play a access that is adopted by the World Bank and key role in accelerating energy access pilot partner agencies. An approach that takes into programs in support of the initiative’s goal of account “tiers� of access could help demonstrate universal access to modern energy services by 2030. the linkages between different dimensions of energy access and aspects of poverty alleviation. 2 0 1 1 annual report 27 28 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram CHAPTER 4 helping develop the box 4 next generation of ESMAP Energy Efficient Cities Initiative (EECI) Achievements in Energy Efficiency FY2011 n Informed World Bank lending operations by synthesizing best practices from implementation of public procurement of energy efficiency services, building energy efficiency codes from around the world, and dozens of new case studies on successful city energy efficiency policies and programs n Provided operational support to a number of investment lending activities, such as low carbon city projects in Beijing and Shanghai focusing on transport and buildings, an urban development project in New Delhi targeting public buildings, and municipal building retrofit programs in Armenia and Macedonia n Expanded analytical work into urban sectors with substantial potential for efficiency gains, including water and wastewater utilities, and public bus fleet operations and maintenance practices 2 0 1 1 annual report 29 FY2011: However, developing countries face significant Highlights & Achievements challenges as they try to scale up energy efficiency: a lack of supportive policies and institutions, the absence of tailored approaches Cities in the developing world lie at the heart of to fit their needs, and limited access to financing. the contemporary energy challenge. Almost all urban population growth between 2010 and The Energy Efficient Cities Initiative (EECI) was 2030 — 94 percent — is expected to come from launched by ESMAP in October 2008 to address developing country cities, which will account these needs. The initiative is designed to for 81 percent of urban energy growth during promote sustainable growth of cities by helping the same period. This rapid urbanization is city planners and administrators make creating heavy demands in terms of energy better-informed decisions, focusing on six key consumption and access, as well as increasing sectors — buildings, water, transport, public environmental impacts. lighting, solid waste, and heating/power. EECI has so far informed and influenced US$700 million in One of the primary responses to this challenge World Bank financing. has been a concerted push for energy efficiency and campaigns to reduce energy intensity. For officials, there are clear benefits to increasing the Public Procurement efficiency of transport, buildings, and city services. These efforts help alleviate short-term ESMAP published a guidebook on using public energy supply constraints and improve access procurement schemes to support public facility and affordability for the poor, while enhancing renovations, building on the flagship report of 2010. energy security and the long-term fiscal outlook. The report stresses the importance of focusing on 30 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram the public sector, which is often the largest energy facilities. This work has led to the development of efficiency market in a country, and how energy the first World Bank procurement scheme for waste can be reduced through incremental using energy savings performance contracts in a adjustments to budgeting and procurement project in Armenia to renovate public service procedures. Such savings can be substantial. The buildings, such as schools, kindergartens, report estimates that up to 40 percent of the orphanages, and hospitals. This guide was shared energy used in public office buildings could be widely with World Bank regional and country saved if efficiency measures were incorporated, teams, procurement staff, partners, and other allowing budgetary savings to be used for other multilateral and bilateral donors. As part of this socioeconomic development needs. work, an e-learning course on public procurement of energy efficiency services has been developed The guidebook provides operational in conjunction with the World Bank Institute. The recommendations, specific procurement and World Bank procurement department also held a financing options, and details on how to hire seminar for procurement staff across the Bank to service providers to save energy in public share these findings and recommendations. BOX 4.1 Identifying Energy Efficiency Options in Asian Cities The Tool for Rapid Assessment of City Energy (TRACE) offers cities a quick and easy way to compare their energy use with peer cities, identify key sectors for improvement, and provide actions they can take. TRACE consists of two principal components: (i) a city energy benchmarking tool; and (ii) a decision tool to help rank actions from a “playbook� of tried and tested energy efficiency interventions. This unique ability to both assess the current situation and recommend actions for improvement fills a void in the suite of available tools. TRACE prioritizes sectors with significant energy saving potential: urban transport, public buildings, public lighting, water and wastewater, power and heating, and solid waste. Recommendations in each priority sector are quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated based on key data, including energy savings potential and institutional requirements. Those recommendations carried forward are supported by implementation options, case studies, and references to tools and best practices. TRACE was initially field-tested with positive results in Quezon City, Philippines. The tool has since been deployed in four other cities: Surabaya, Indonesia; Gaziantep, Turkey; Cebu, the Philippines; and Da Nang, Vietnam. The expansion of TRACE in Asia was conducted with the support of the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID). The tool has been very well received from city officials, helping them understand clearly how they compare to their peer cities, assess energy performance, prioritize under-performing sectors, and identify actions to be taken to lower their energy bills and save money. Recommendations have ranged from improved land use and transport planning and traffic demand management in Da Nang, to methane capture from landfills and wastewater in Cebu, to public procurement and lighting in Surabaya. Demand for TRACE is growing quickly and is expected to be deployed in cities in Africa and Latin America in FY2012-13. As new cities use TRACE, additional city benchmark data will be added to the tool, as well as more case studies, making it even more effective in the years ahead. 2 0 1 1 annual report 31 HIGHLIGHTS OF New ESMAP- including an analysis of structure, ownership, Supported Energy Efficiency technologies, and energy consumption, to identify what barriers exist to scaling up Activities by the World Bank’s energy efficiency in the industrial sector. Regional Units This will be complemented with a review of existing legislation and regulations to assist Egypt Energy Efficiency Strategy Uzbekistan’s Ministry of Economy to develop In order to streamline energy efficiency a strategy to systematically target energy efforts nationwide, Egypt in 2009 created efficiency savings in manufacturing. an Energy Efficiency Unit, reporting to the Prime Minister’s Office. This activity Modernization of District Heating in Ukraine builds on the work supported by ESMAP While neighboring countries have upgraded to develop an institutional, regulatory, and district heating systems to make them implementation framework for promoting and financially sustainable, Ukraine has kept implementing energy efficiency. The resulting regulation, ownership, and operation of recommendations are expected to help clarify district heating companies in the hands of local the roles and responsibilities of various governments, and kept tariffs well below the stakeholders so that the institutional structure levels needed to provide good quality service. for scaling up energy efficiency is clearly This study examines the obstacles that have defined and better adapted to the needs of kept district heating reforms from taking place. Egypt. Energy efficiency investment programs The objective is to help the Government of that could be implemented in the short- to Ukraine draft a plan for reform, recognizing medium-term will also be identified. Ukraine’s fiscal and social constraints. Lebanon: Support for Thermal Building Cairo Congestion Study Standards With a population of 17 million and rising, The Government of Lebanon has adopted an Cairo is one of the world’s fastest-growing action plan to increase the reliable availability megacities. Traffic congestion is a serious of cost-effective electricity in the country. problem in the metropolitan area, adversely Buildings consume 40 percent of Lebanon’s affecting air quality, public health, business electricity but it has proven difficult to operations, and quality of life. This study will implement thermal building standards. This establish a baseline for traffic congestion in activity will review existing standards, identify Cairo, with analysis of its causes and locations, barriers to implementation, provide advice as well as its associated cost. The second on international best practices, and develop phase of the study involves prioritizing and a roadmap for implementation of standards, recommending a package of specific fiscal, as well as follow-up through training and regulatory, and investment measures, such as awareness building. congestion pricing schemes, vehicle inspection standards, public transport upgrades, and Energy Efficiency Strategy for Industrial traffic management systems. Enterprises in Uzbekistan This work involves a comprehensive survey of manufacturing enterprises in Uzbekistan, 32 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram Building Codes DEVELOPING LOW CARBON CITIES Introducing energy efficiency into the building ESMAP continued to address the needs of its city sector offers one of the greatest opportunities clients in FY2011 through analytical work, for reducing or avoiding greenhouse gas knowledge dissemination, and technical emissions currently available. However, energy assistance. TRACE was launched in 2010 and has efficiency building codes are often loosely and since been deployed in five cities in Indonesia, inconsistently enforced, and there is often a lack Vietnam, the Philippines, and Turkey (see Box 3.1). of support to improve enforcement from The program also expanded its support to the government and local industry. World Bank’s lending operations, including low carbon city projects in China and India focusing The ESMAP report Mainstreaming Building Energy on transport and buildings. In Shanghai, ESMAP Efficiency Codes in Developing Countries surveys helped identify low-carbon transportation the extensive literature about implementing options and strategies, and provided technical efficiency codes. It takes an in-depth look at the assistance on international best practices in experience of four developing countries — China, commercial building retrofits. In New Delhi, Egypt, India, and Mexico — and one US state, ESMAP supported a rapid market assessment for California, to assess actual experience with code energy efficient retrofits to public buildings, as compliance and implementation, and identifies well as stakeholder consultations on program lessons for client countries. The report was design and implementation strategies. presented at a meeting of the Asia Pacific Energy Research Center in Bangkok in September 2010, At the same time, ESMAP has expanded its as part of an Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation analytical work into new areas with substantial (APEC) process among Asian countries to reduce potential for efficiency gains, such as water and the energy intensities of their economies. sanitation, and public transport. Key “primers� on energy efficiency for municipal water and wastewater utilities, and on operations and maintenance practices for city bus fleets, have been developed and will be published in 2012. 2 0 1 1 annual report 33 FY2012–13: EECI is working with the International New Cities, Sectors, Benchmarking Network for Water and Sanitation Partnerships and the World Bank’s Water and Sanitation Program on a new global report on efficiency in this sector, to be published in early 2012. ESMAP One of the most important means to meet the is also developing a new report on public UN Sustainable Energy for All goal of doubling procurement for energy-efficient products, which of the rate of implementation of energy will inform governments on how to create sustainable efficiency worldwide by 2030 is through actions purchasing programs and offer recommendations at the city level, as cities will be the major on how the World Bank can better ensure efficient drivers of energy demand and carbon emissions equipment in its operational procurements. growth in the years to come. There are also strong linkages between increased efficiency ESMAP proposes to expand its outreach to cities and expanding access to modern energy to support their utilization of its analytical work services. For example, programs to improve the and knowledge products, including TRACE, by efficiency of lighting and appliances can also fostering partnerships with municipal government help to bring down the cost of access to associations, such as the C40 and ICLEI. It is electricity for urban poor populations. envisaged that ESMAP could eventually deliver a complete program of services for cities and To support these efforts, ESMAP plans to expand sub-national governments through such networks its work in energy efficiency, both geographically that would include technical support in energy and in the sectors it covers. assessments and low carbon development planning, training and capacity development, and preparation for financing. 34 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram BOX 4.2 Reviving the District Heating System in Moldova Temperatures in the capital city of Moldova, Chisinau, reach below -15°C in the winter. The city has depended on the municipal district heating company, Termocom, to meet essential heating needs for the capital’s residents. However, heating tariffs were set below cost recovery in the past, which resulted in Termocom accumulating debt for heat purchased from combined heat-and-power plants and for natural gas suppliers. As a result, Termocom no longer had funds to maintain its system, leading to significant deterioration of infrastructure, and heat losses exceeding 22 percent. By 2008, Moldova’s arrears on natural gas reached 3.5 percent of GDP, leading to gas supplies from Russia to be cut off. The Government of Moldova approached the World Bank for technical assistance to address the crisis. This technical assistance, funded by ESMAP, resulted in a policy note in 2009 calling for the national and city governments to set prices to cost-recovery levels; consider a debt-to-equity swap for gas assets owned by the Government; and help citizens meet heating costs by establishing a targeted social safety net. A subsequent ESMAP activity provided detailed recommendations to the government to address the long-term debt of Termocom through corporate and financial restructuring. Following these recommendations, the tariff setting responsibilities were transferred to a national agency and heat tariffs were increased to cost-recovery levels. The successful implementation of the restructuring has put the municipal district heating system on a financially sustainable path, designed to ensure continued supply of heating for the residents of Chisinau. These reforms have also created a more positive environment for the private sector to finance cost-effective energy efficiency investments. These investments are expected to reduce the cost of heat and improve access for the city’s poor. 2 0 1 1 annual report 35 36 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram CHAPTER 5 Developing EFFECTIVE box 5 Energy Sector Highlights of ESMAP Work in FY2011 under the Energy Policies, Practices, Assessments and Strategy and institutions Program n Carried out assessments of the impact of the global financial crisis on the power sectors in South Asia and low-income countries in Europe and Central Asia, with specific recommendations for policy actions n Supported a systematic review of India’s power sector, covering service delivery, private sector participation, policy implementation, as well as operational and financial performance n With the League of Arab States, launched work towards a Master Plan for the development of electricity trade among Arab countries n Published a comprehensive study of international experiences in electricity auctions, focusing on how developing countries can procure long-term contracts for new generation capacity 2 0 1 1 annual report 37 The Energy Assessments and Strategies FY2011: Program (EASP) has formed the core of ESMAP’s Highlights & Achievements engagement with clients since ESMAP’s establishment. The work performed under EASP has immediately applicable implications for the Mitigating Energy Vulnerabilities energy sector of client countries and has had a in a Volatile World measurable impact on World Bank lending. A review of the ESMAP portfolio completed in A core role for ESMAP in recent years has been February 2011 estimated that upstream EASP working with clients to identify vulnerabilities in activities in FY2008 through FY2010 informed their power sectors and to help map out World Bank lending operations worth a total of courses of action to mitigate these threats. US$6.8 billion. These vulnerability assessments encompass work on volatile fuel prices, financial crises, and Energy assessments help countries take stock of climate change. their resource endowments, review the strengths and weaknesses of national policies and market One of the highest profile of these assessments structures, build capacity for improved sector was a survey completed in FY2011 of the impact performance and governance, and develop and of the 2008-09 global credit crisis on the power enhance energy sector institutions. A key sector in South Asia. The study found that while objective is to distill best policies and practices the region had managed to weather the from around the world and adapt them for financial storm, large-scale investment was still specific national and regional contexts, as well as needed to meet the growing electricity demand for practical toolkits which can be used globally. (see Box 5.1). BOX 5.1 Assessing the Impact of the Financial Crisis on South Asia’s Power Sector The recent global financial crisis had a relatively moderate impact on the flow of funds to South Asia’s power sector, according to an ESMAP study released in September 2010. However, the region still needs up to US$150 billion in investment by 2015 to meet a rapidly growing demand for electricity. The region was cushioned from the crisis in large part because of its limited integration with global financial markets, according to the report Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Investments in South Asia’s Electric Power Infrastructure, which covered India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Most of the financing for the power sector during this period came from domestic commercial banks in India, multilateral lending institutions in Pakistan, and government budget allocations in Bangladesh. Strong and timely policy interventions also helped minimize impacts. However, the report noted that the power sectors in these countries still face important challenges, including financial losses at the utility and distribution level, and the implementation of short-term and expensive solutions to meet the supply-demand gap. To accelerate the modernization of the power sector and to increase its resilience as the region integrates with the global economy, the study recommended the rationalization of tariffs, transparent administration of subsidies, enhancing the efficiency and commercial viability of distribution entities, and removing impediments to ensure speedy implementation of generation projects. The findings of the study were disseminated at events in New Delhi and Dhaka, and the report received substantial policy and media attention in the three countries. 38 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram The situation was quite different for low-income Institutions, Governance, and countries in the Europe and Central Asia region. Market Structures The global financial crisis hit that region harder than any other, and in countries such as Ukraine Complementing the vulnerability assessments is and the Kyrgyz Republic, industrial production ESMAP’s longstanding work on strategy and plummeted. As a result, according to an FY2011 governance: helping countries develop the ESMAP assessment, electricity demand dropped institutions, policies, and market structures and governments postponed tariff increases, needed for an effective energy sector. compounding an already bleak financial and investment landscape for the power sector. In the A June 2011 World Bank paper, Revisiting Policy case of the Kyrgyz Republic, this resulted in a Options on the Market Structure in the Power severe winter energy shortage because of Sector, jointly supported by ESMAP and the insufficient baseload capacity. The report Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility recommended urgent power plant rehabilitation reviewed the structure of power markets around and efficiency measures to increase generation the world. It compared market structures based and a series of emergency policy actions to on four performance indicators: operational strengthen the financial performance of the efficiency, financial efficiency, environmental power sector. sustainability, and residential access to electricity. 2 0 1 1 annual report 39 HIGHLIGHTS OF New ESMAP- electricity and suffers from disruptive power Supported Energy ASSESSMENTS cuts sometimes lasting up to 16 hours a day. The country is expanding its power sector AND STRATEGIES Activities by the investments to include cross-border energy trade World Bank’s Regional Units with India with support from the World Bank. This activity focuses on developing capacity in areas The India Power Sector: A Stocktaking and that are central to energy sector development in Directions for the Future Nepal but that are not being addressed by other This comprehensive review looks at the Indian donors. This includes workshops on the Indian power sector from a number of perspectives: power market and Indian regulation, helping to access and affordability of services; private develop cross-border electricity trade strategies, sector participation; implementation of policy, and training on procurement mechanisms. institutional and regulatory reforms; and This activity also supports the Nepal Electricity operational and financial performance. Data from Authority in its roll-out of a Demand-Side all (more than 100) utilities in the country will be Management program. combined with information from focus groups and informant interviews. The goals include Developing a Regulatory Framework for the identifying Indian states with successful power Maldives’ Energy Sector sectors and learning from their experience, and The Maldives relies heavily on imported fuel to building a knowledge base that can support the meet its energy needs, leading to an adverse World Bank’s operational engagement with the impact on its trade and balance of payments. Indian power sector going forward. This activity is designed to help the government to develop and implement a sustainable Assessment of Institutional and Regulatory regulatory regime for the energy sector, in Framework for Electricity Trade in the support of the country’s goals of reducing Arab World dependence on diesel-powered electricity and Conducted in partnership with the League moving towards carbon neutrality. The work of Arab States, the objective of this work is involves an assessment of current policies and to establish a strategy and master plan for legislation, an analysis of alternative regulatory the development of electricity trade among options along with recommendations, and Arab countries. The study will look at the design of workable regulatory framework of legal and regulatory framework governing the preferred option. the power sectors and attempts to identify barriers to efficient energy trading and the Armenia: Study of Demand-Side Management development of a better integrated regional Tools energy market. It will assess the general This work supports the Public Services terms under which electricity could be traded Regulatory Commission of Armenia to and proposes an action plan for negotiation implement regulatory measures to reduce of treaties and agreements. The study will lay overall energy use by assessing the feasibility out a path towards market integration in four of using Demand-Side Management tools in stages: (i) implementation of a transitional the country. This work includes analyses of market design, (ii) focus on unbundling and the structure of electricity and gas demand for introducing competition, (iii) moving toward various groups of customers. The study will a comprehensive market design, and (iv) recommend load management tools to influence achieving a fully integrated market and the size and the timing of demand for electricity interconnected electricity network. and gas for various categories of end-users, based on detailed cost-benefit analysis, the Nepal: Support to Strategic Energy analysis of the demand for electricity and gas, Sector Development and international best practices. Despite having substantial energy generation potential, Nepal has extremely low access to 40 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram A particular focus was whether “vertical Regional integration has often been difficult to unbundling� — disaggregating electricity achieve in the past, due to divergences in national services into component parts, such as regulatory environments, investment capacities generation, transmission, and distribution — was and development goals. Interest in integration beneficial for developing countries. The report schemes has only continued to grow, however, concluded that unbundling was not always due to their clear advantages in terms of appropriate — especially for small countries with investment and operating cost savings and low per capita income — and that unbundling greater energy security. ESMAP’s Regional delivered the best results when used as an entry Energy Integration Strategies Program (REISP) point to implement broader reforms. drew in-depth policy lessons from a wide range of bilateral and multilateral energy markets and For many developing countries, the challenge of regulatory regimes. meeting electricity demand is not only an issue of market structure, but of cost-effective While REISP was satisfactorily completed in procurement of generation. The situation is FY2010, those efforts continue to inform and particularly difficult in countries with volatile load direct ESMAP-supported work underway by the growth rates and limited access to financing. World Bank’s regional units on power integration. Electricity Auctions: An Overview of Efficient In the Middle East and North Africa, a study has Practices, published in mid-2011, takes a been completed on the institutional and comprehensive look at international experiences regulatory aspects of a regional electricity market in electricity auctions, focusing on how for 22 Arab countries (see section on developing countries can procure long-term ESMAP-supported regional activities). In Latin contracts to foster new generation capacity. America, ESMAP supported studies on electricity Auctions have gained wide interest in recent demand and generation, and on regional power years due to their ability to attract both local and integration in FY2011. They concluded that international power producers, and the chance to electricity demand in the region is expected to obtain contracts that draw on multiple double in the next 20 years, and lays out options technologies and sources of generation. for the power sector, including reform of regulatory and licensing processes, expansion of Regional power integration is another option for non-hydropower renewables, and greater many countries as they try to more efficiently regional electricity trading. meet demand and utilize their energy resources. 2 0 1 1 annual report 41 FY2012–13: account. Full-scale, site-specific assessments will Electricity Policy and be carried out for data from India, the United Technology Options States, and Romania to demonstrate application of the model in real world cases. Selection of appropriate electricity technology is The assessment model will be posted on the critical for designing new power projects and ESMAP website and will be updated over two associated transmission and distribution facilities. more years based on global user feedback. These choices are increasingly complex, however, due to fast-paced technological change, rapid ESMAP is also looking more closely at an area of shifts in equipment and fuel prices, and climate critical interest to its clients: the substantial change imperatives. In FY2012, EASP will financing gap for transmission and distribution complete a flagship activity, Electricity systems created by the strains of rapidly growing Technology Options Assessment Guide, which economies. A study being carried out in FY2012 is intended to help planners select between looks specifically at different modalities of private competing electricity technology options. sector participation in power grids, and the design and implementation challenges of open The primary objective of this global knowledge access to transmission and distribution to foster product is to develop a user-modifiable, competition and increase efficiency. This work will internet-based spreadsheet model for the be used to advise World Bank staff and clients on comparative assessment of economic (levelized) options for private sector participation and open costs of all generation options, including access, drawing on lessons gained from renewable energy. The model will also cover international experience while taking into account transmission and distribution technologies, and specific country conditions. take major environmental externalities into 42 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram BOX 5.2 Can National Oil Companies Create “Social Value� for Developing Countries? As part of its work on energy sector governance and market structure, ESMAP sponsored a study on a critical but understudied element of the energy sector environment: national oil companies (NOCs). NOCs control approximately 90 percent of the world’s oil reserves and 75 percent of production. However, research until recently has not focused on these institutions, other than to point out the efficiency gaps in labor and capital between NOCs and private companies. The resulting report, National Oil Companies and Value Creation, fills this gap by assessing whether NOCs create “social value� — benefits for society that go beyond the financial return of investment from exploitation of resources. The study carried out a statistical analysis on data from 20 countries to learn what drives value creation. Detailed research was conducted on 12 NOCs. Among the conclusions were that internal government mechanisms were more critical to success than ownership structure, and that the pursuit of national mission objectives did not necessarily hamper the creation of “social value� by NOCs. It was also pointed out that NOCs in countries with large resource endowments often found it more difficult to create value than their counterparts in countries with more limited endowments. The study has generated interest from a number of countries. Inquiries about the report have come from government officials and practitioners in countries that are in the process of reforming their energy sector, including Uganda, Mexico, Timor Leste, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. 2 0 1 1 annual report 43 44 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram CHAPTER 6 Financial Review box 6 Contributions Received ESMAP received a total of US$22 million from donors in FY2011. Total receipts for FY2011 include the contribution for the AFREA program from the Government of the Netherlands (US$11.2 million). Seven donors, in addition to the World Bank, made cash transfers to the program through trust funds. ESMAP received support from a new donor country, Lithuania, which signed into the new ESMAP Core Multi-Donor Trust Fund. Table 6.1 shows actual receipts from individual donor for the period FY2009–11 and receipts and pledges for FY2012. 2 0 1 1 annual report 45 Table 6.1: ESMAP Funding FY2009–11 and Receipts/Pledges FY2012 (US$ Thousands) Total 2012 Receipts Country 2009 2010 2011 Receipts Pledges 09–11 % Australia – 453 1,067 3,030 1,520 2.2% Austria 588 424 2,680 – 3,692 5.3% Canada 396 100 – – 496 0.7% Denmark 1,762 1,849 3,913 7,093 2,087 7,524 10.8% Finland – 741 – 741 1.1% France 885 – – 646 885 1.3% Germany 4,801 2,185 1,993 1,292 8,979 12.9% Iceland 300 200 356 – 500 0.7% Lithuania – – 27 – 27 0.0% Netherlands 23,890 – 11,286 2,900 2,900 35,176 50.7% Norway 750 750 839 853 2,339 3.4% Sweden – – – 1,569 741 – 0.0% United Kingdom 4,615 1,961 – – 6,575 9.5% World Bank 280 437 272 300 989 1.4% Grand Total 38,268 9,100 22,077 15,801 7,966 69,444 100% Notes: Actual receipts for FY2009 and FY2011 from the Netherlands and the United Kingdom include contributions made to ESMAP’s Multi-Donor Trust Fund (MDTF) for the Clean Energy Investment Framework (CEIF), which includes the AFREA Program. Disbursements Disbursements in FY2011 totaled US$18.2 million, a decrease of US$2.35 million over disbursements in FY2010. The decrease in disbursements was the result of phasing out ESMAP’s previous core multi-donor trust fund, plus two other thematically restricted trust funds and phasing in a single multi-donor trust fund, as well as substantial one-off disbursements in FY2010 under a special program, the Low Carbon Growth Country Studies, funded by the UK’s Department for International Development. 46 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram Table 6.2: ESMAP Disbursements, FY2009–11 (US$) FY09 FY10 FY11 Project Cost $18,630.20 93% $18,569.26 90% $16,211.90 89% Africa $3,176.14 $4,045.70 $6,317.98 East Asia $1,408.04 $1,365.88 $934.69 Europe & Central Asia $780.38 $1,350.60 $537.59 Latin America & $2,793.76 $2,082.50 $1,278.87 Carribean Middle East & North $1,718.66 $1,227.06 $1,020.48 Africa South Asia $1,183.13 $1,946.30 $726.00 ESMAP Global $7,570.09 $6,551.23 $5,396.28 Programs Program Management $1,495.84 7% $2,036.90 10% $2,040.18 11% & Administration* Total $20,126.04 100% $20,606.16 100% $18,252.08 100% Of which: Funded by Donors $19,414.09 $19,629.16 $17,388.56 Funded from World $283.45 $437.00 $272.72 Bank budget Funded from Fee $428.50 $540.00 $590.80 Income * Includes M&E, Communications, and governance. Notes: n ESMAP global programs cover global analytical and advisory activities and include activities managed by the ESMAP core team, as well as activities managed by the Sustainable Energy Department, the Environment Department, and other units of the World Bank’s Sustainable Development Network. n Disbursements to the World Bank’s regional units in FY2009-11 include ABGs through the ESMAP MDTF and disbursements from the CEIF MDTF, which includes the AFREA program as well as grants for low carbon development, climate change mitigation, and climate change adaptation activities. n The increase in disbursement in the Africa region is from the AFREA program — notably under recipient-executed activities: Disbursements for recipient-executed activities were FY2009: US$0.18 million, FY2010: US$ 0.12 million, and FY2011: US$2.95 million. n The only recipient-executed activities under the ESMAP portfolio in FY2009-11 took place as part of the AFREA program. 2 0 1 1 annual report 47 BREAKDOWN BY PROGRAM AREA The following table shows total ESMAP spending for FY2011 by program area: n Energy Assessments and Strategy Program n Energy Efficient Cities Initiative n Energy Access n Clean Energy Table 6.3: ESMAP Disbursements By Program Area, FY2011 (US$) ESMAP AFR EAP ECA LCR MNA SAR Global TOTAL Programs non- AFREA AFREA EASP 87,692 588,642 387,738 611,626 262,655 397,129 2,804,124 5,139,605 EECI 1,124,854 1,124,854 Energy 118,288 6,112,002 150,784 64,004 673,587 7,118,665 Access Clean 195,269 149,851 603,240 757,828 328,874 793,713 2,828,775 Energy 205,980 6,112,002 TOTAL 6,317,982 934,695 537,589 1,278,870 1,020,483 726,003 5,396,278 16,211,899 World Bank Regions | AFR – Africa | EAP – East Asia and Pacific | ECA – Europe and Central Asia | MNA – Middle East and North Africa | LCR – Latin American and the Caribbean | SAR – South Asia Notes: n The EASP category includes renewable energy, energy efficiency, and low carbon development activities as part of energy sector assessments and strategy work. n Of the funding for the World Bank’s regional units in FY2011: n 39% came through the ABG process under the ESMAP MDTF n 57% came as funding for the AFREA program under the CEIF MDTF n 4% came through the CEIF MDTF for low carbon development and climate change mitigation and adaptation activities n ESMAP global programs cover global analytical and advisory activities and include activities managed by the ESMAP core team, as well as activities managed by the Sustainable Energy Department, the Environment Department, and other units of the World Bank’s Sustainable Development Network. Figures 6.1 and 6.2 display the division of ESMAP spending by program area in FY2011, for the entire program and for ESMAP own-managed activities, respectively. 48 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram Figure 6.1: ESMAP Spending By Program Area, Figure 6.2: ESMAP Spending By Program Area, FY2011, Entire Program FY2011, ESMAP Own-Managed Activities Only Clean Clean Energy Energy 17% EASP 14% 32% EASP Energy Access 39% 15% EECI Energy Access 7% 44% EECI 32% Notes: Note: n The EASP category also includes renewable n The EASP category also includes renewable energy, energy efficiency, and low carbon energy, energy efficiency, and low carbon development activities as part of energy development activities as part of energy sector assessments and strategy work. sector assessments and strategy work. n The Energy Access category includes monies spent under the AFREA program. PROGRAM MANAGEMENT SPENDING Table 6.4 gives a breakdown for ESMAP program management and administration. These funds support the core ESMAP program itself, and are not distributed to the World Bank’s regional units. Table 6.4: ESMAP Program Management and Administration Costs, FY2011 Only (US$ Thousands) Program Management Administration Cost Governance (CG, TAG) 69,758 Portfolio Management (M&E) 253,659 Communication and Outreach (Publications, Website, and Other Dissemination) 425,979 Knowledge Forums 48,431 Program Management 988,437 Resource Management/Trust Fund Administration 253,915 Total 2,040,179 2 0 1 1 annual report 49 ANNEX I Proceedings of CG Consultative Group Meeting for Energy Trust Funded Programs | Meeting, 2011 ESMAP, AFREA, and ASTAE 18 March 2011, Washington DC (updated 7 April 2011) Draft Minutes. 1. The Consultative Group (CG) meeting for the World Bank-managed Energy Trust Funded Programs was held in Washington, DC on March 18, 2011. The meeting was chaired by Mr. Hartwig Schafer, Director of Strategy and Operations in the Bank’s Sustainable Development Network. 2. The CG meeting comprised of eight sessions: (i) an opening session; (ii) Report on ASTAE and new Business Plan for FY12-15; (iii) Technical Advisory Group (TAG) report to the CG; (iv) update on ESMAP’s Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Framework; (v) ESMAP’s Work Program and Annual Budget for FY2012-13; (vi) Report on the Africa Renewable Energy Access Program (AFREA); (vii) Terms of Reference (TOR) for the External Evaluation of ESMAP; and, (viii) a closed session. 3. As requested by CG members at their 2010 meeting, these proceedings document the main agreements and/or conclusions for each of the open sessions. For more details 50 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram regarding each topic, please refer to the CG urban and water sectors in its program, workspace for all relevant documents noting that the emerging global challenges (www.esmap.org/cg). required integrated solutions. The TAG also noted achievements in ESMAP’s efforts to 4. The following represents a summary of the implement the M&E system, adopt quality meeting’s proceedings. assurance guidelines, foster partnerships with other programs and agencies, bring in Opening Session new and potential donors, and create stronger teams and work programs in 5. The Chair welcomed CG members and made energy access and clean energy. introductory remarks to highlight ESMAP’s achievements over the past year. The Chair n TAG also noted that ESMAP is initiating thanked CG members for their generous interesting and novel external partnerships, support to ESMAP and welcomed Lithuania as and advised that ESMAP continue to a new donor to ESMAP, as well as several other develop such partnerships, particularly countries, which joined the meeting as observers. those of a cross-sectoral nature. ASTAE (Asia Sustainable and Alternative n As areas requiring more attention, the Energy Program) TAG highlighted the need for: (i) a clear communications strategy, particularly for 6. Participants agreed on the effectiveness of ESMAP’s knowledge products; (ii) the ASTAE in promoting sustainable energy in simplification of program names and structure; Asia and Pacific regions, and agreed that and (iii) client perspectives in the governance there is an urgent need for new funding. of the energy trust funded programs. These views were validated by the TAG assessment report that recognized ASTAE’s n The TAG also advised the CG on the potential contributions to low carbon, green importance of timely payment of pledged growth, energy access, regional cooperation, funding to ESMAP and continuing to and cross sectoral [issues] such as urban channel funds through the core Multi-Donor energy in the fast growing countries of Asia. Trust Fund established in 2009, in order to ensure the effective implementation of the 7. An outline of the proposed business plan, Strategic Business Plan. which recognizes the need to accommodate increased interest from the South Asia region, n The TAG welcomed the proposal to was presented at the meeting. Representatives implement a phase two of AFREA (AFREA from the Netherlands, Sweden, and the II) as an ESMAP special initiative for Africa, United Kingdom expressed interest in the with the program team leader located in ideas presented, and were requested to the Africa Energy Unit, but the program confirm their respective governmental being part of the ESMAP trust fund. commitments as soon as possible. 9. In response to the TAG’s observations TAG Report to the CG regarding ESMAP’s communication strategy, Mr. Rohit Khanna, ESMAP Program Manager, 8. The TAG highlighted their assessment of the informed the CG that the recruitment of a approach and directions taken by ESMAP, as Communication Officer is currently underway, detailed in their report to the CG: specifically to address the need for a more n The TAG commended ESMAP for taking a comprehensive and coordinated cross-sectoral approach by including the communications and knowledge dissemination 2 0 1 1 annual report 51 strategy. He also suggested that there be 12. Mr. Khanna also elaborated on two other more regular and frequent communication issues raised by CG members: and interaction between the TAG and the n Alignment of ESMAP’s indicators with the ESMAP team. indicators on the World Bank’s Energy Strategy | Mr. Khanna agreed that ESMAP’s 10. The discussion then focused on the mix of indicators will need to align with the ESMAP’s client countries and thematic areas. indicators adopted in the World Bank’s Some CG members stressed the need for Energy Strategy as relevant. ESMAP to ensure that low-income countries are the main recipients of ESMAP support and n Clarification on the categories of those to increase its activities that focus on ESMAP activities that have not demonstrated promoting renewable energy. Others noted results | Mr. Khanna indicated three that ESMAP’s operations in middle-income categories as follows: (i) weak indicators, countries serve an important function, not baseline information or target values that only in supporting these governments to be make it difficult to assess results; (ii) “first movers� in renewable energy and energy generally uncertain outcomes of ESMAP- efficiency practices, but, equally important, in managed country level work (as distinct providing cross-learning opportunities for from those implemented by the World low-income countries. In this context, there is Bank’s regional operations units); and (iii) a need to mobilize additional resources to activities that have been recently completed launch AFREA II and place more emphasis in and in which it is too early to determine impacts. low-income countries without cutting back on middle-income countries (however, several 13. The CG welcomed the preliminary set of CG members stated that countries excluded portfolio reviews, particularly the strong focus from the OECD-DAC list of Official on results, and encouraged ESMAP to Development Assistance countries should no develop reports that communicate the higher longer receive ESMAP support). level outcomes effectively to senior officials in donor agencies. ESMAP’s M&E Framework | Program Manager’s Report ESMAP’s Work Program and Annual Budget | Program Manager’s Report 11. Mr. Khanna updated the CG on ESMAP’s M&E activities and plans to further improve the 14. Mr. Khanna presented his update on ESMAP’s implementation of the M&E framework. He business plan and work program for FY12, noted that ESMAP will invest resources and highlighting the following: management attention to measuring the n ESMAP’s continued focus will be on performance of its programs. Accountability research and analysis that influences the for outputs and outcomes will be critical strategic directions of the energy sector. elements of ESMAP’s M&E processes. This The program should help shape the future means more consistent reporting on the by generating new knowledge; drawing on baseline and target values, more robust lessons learned across regions and sectors; indicators, and more results-oriented helping apply these lessons in the design of programming. Mr. Khanna indicated that the new energy policies, institutions, and portfolio review, which will be carried out programs; anticipating opportunities and annually, is a first step in accounting for how challenges; and promoting innovation. ESMAP’s activities have achieved results in terms of its goal and purpose. n Strengthening ESMAP’s overall effectiveness (operational leveraging, knowledge 52 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram clearinghouse, and think tank function) by acknowledged the importance of ESMAP’s replicating the business model used under work in promoting energy efficient cities, the Energy Efficient Cities Initiative (EECI) to given global urbanization trends. CG other program teams. A new Clean Energy members indicated that planning and team—combining the activities of the analytical tools developed by the Covenant of Renewable Energy Market Transformation Mayors in Europe could be usefully transferred Initiative, Climate Change, and energy to ESMAP client countries. technologies—will be established. Report on AFREA n Placing greater emphasis on Africa through AFREA II within ESMAP’s Multi-Donor 16. Mr. Vijay Iyer, Sector Manager, Africa Energy Trust Fund. Unit of the World Bank (AFTEG), made a presentation on the status of the AFREA n Supporting a new initiative for the Small program to the CG, highlighting the major Island Developing States (SIDS), in the areas energy challenges faced by Africa and noting of renewable energy and energy efficiency. critical emerging opportunities for governments, donors, and regional organizations to address n Strengthening the Annual Block Grants energy issues. Mr. Iyer presented the three through performance-based allocations to energy objectives for Africa: reducing energy the Bank’s regions and the use of incentives poverty, developing energy for green growth, for client engagement in cross-cutting and making biomass energy sustainable. activities (urban, transport, forestry), new 17. Ms. Dana Rysankova, AFREA Program areas (climate change mitigation and Coordinator, outlined the rationale for adaptation), and household energy. continued support for AFREA and the scope of proposed activities in AFREA II. n Creating new partnerships with the Global Partnership on Output-Based Aid, Public- 18. The CG agreed that it was important to build Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility, and on what has been achieved with the generous Climate and Development Knowledge support of the Government of the Network to leverage additional resources. Netherlands. The CG supported integrating AFREA II into the core ESMAP trust fund and 15. The CG observed that there is a clear vision at work program, and noted that this would ESMAP for moving forward and appreciated effectively link global and regional renewable the integrated approach proposed for energy access activities. The CG requested ESMAP’s teams. The CG also indicated that that the M&E framework for AFREA II should ESMAP’s think tank function gave it a be aligned with that of the overall ESMAP comparative advantage in looking ahead, program. CG members cautioned that there “thinking outside the box,� and helping to are a number concurrent activities related to shape the future. CG members welcomed the improved cook stoves. Mr. Khanna SIDS program and called on ESMAP to foster acknowledged the importance of knowledge collaboration with the International exchange and coordination among all Renewable Energy Agency’s work with these implementing groups, and noted that the countries. CG members endorsed the greater Global Alliance on Clean Cook Stoves (which emphasis on energy access in ESMAP’s work ESMAP has joined) was established for this program and, in this context, requested purpose. CG members also pointed to a ESMAP to play a proactive role in events and number of international and regional activities related to the International Year for initiatives with whom AFREA could partner, Sustainable Energy for All. The CG such as the Regional Center for Renewable 2 0 1 1 annual report 53 Energy and Energy Efficient (ECREEE), Africa-EU partnership, and Dutch-German partnership Energizing Development (EnDev). TOR for External Evaluation of ESMAP 19. The suggestions and conclusions on the draft TOR for the external evaluation of ESMAP are as follows: n The CG suggested including gender and social aspects, as well as participation of beneficiaries, in evaluating ESMAP activities. n In order to accommodate a more thorough review and discussion of the TOR, it was agreed that the period for written comments on the draft TOR would be extended by three weeks, to Friday, April 8, 2011. n It was also agreed that the current CG workspace will be maintained as a common web-space where CG members are able to share their comments on the TOR with each other. n CG members are invited to participate in the selection of consultants, by indicating their interest to ESMAP, also by April 8, 2011. It is envisaged that up to two members of the CG would be involved in the process, which will follow the Bank’s procurement policies and guidelines for international competitive bidding. Closed Session 20. The closed session was chaired by Mr. Schafer and attended by principals of the CG, the ESMAP Program Manager, and AFREA staff. Separate minutes have been prepared for this session. 54 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram ANNEX II Status of Program The following tables summarize the status of outputs and deliverables under each of the Outputs, fY2009–11 ESMAP programs and initiatives according to the M&E system introduced in 2010. This listing of outputs and deliverables is extracted from the logical framework matrices developed under the M&E system2. For each output, a planned value is given and compared with an actual achieved value for each indicator across the three fiscal years: 2009, 2010 and 2011. World Bank Regions AFR – Africa EAP – East Asia and Pacific ECA – Europe and Central Asia MNA – Middle East and North Africa LCR – Latin American and the Caribbean SAR – South Asia 2 Development outcomes and observed results in connection with the delivery of these outputs are presented in detail in ESMAP Portfolio Review FY2009–11 (April 2012). Please visit www.esmap.org for details. 2 0 1 1 annual report 55 Program Component 1 | Energy Assessments and Strategy Programs (EASP) Program 1A | Country Energy Sector Vulnerability Assessments (CESVA) Objective | To assist ESMAP client countries to reduce energy sector vulnerability to interlinked global crises. CESVA is a large-scale vulnerability initiative aimed at identifying existing and emerging vulnerabilities, focusing on the impact of the global financial crisis, fuel price and climate change on the energy sector of developing economies. Output 1 | Carry out Power Sector Vulnerability Assessments (PSVAs) in client countries to estimate short- to medium-term impacts of the credit crisis on the power sector and to inform potential strategic response from the World Bank n Indicator | Number of PSVAs carried out in client countries 2009 Planned | 3 Actual | 3 n Country Energy Sector Vulnerability Assessment: Assessing the Impact of Recent Credit Constraints on Power Sector Investment Requirements in Indonesia, Philippines and Vietnam 2010 Planned | 14 Actual | 10 n Country Energy Sector Vulnerability Assessment: Assessing the Impact of Recent Credit Constraints on Power Sector Investment Requirements in Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia (MNA) n Country Energy Sector Vulnerability Assessment: Assessing the Impact of Recent Credit Constraints on Power Sector Investment Requirements in Colombia, Jamaica, Peru (LCR) n Country Energy Sector Vulnerability Assessment: Assessing the Impact of Recent Credit Constraints on Power Sector Investment Requirements in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh (SAR) 2011 Planned | 4 Actual | 5 n Country Energy Sector Vulnerability Assessment, “Financial Crisis: Threat or Opportunity for Power Sector in ECA Countries� - Armenia, Kyrgyz Republic, Romania, Serbia and Ukraine (ECA) Output 2 | Carry out Oil Price Vulnerability Assessments (OPVAs) in selected regions to examine measures of oil price volatility and evaluate policy instruments to cope with oil price volatility n Indicator | Number of OPVAs carried out in client countries 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | n/a 2010 Planned | 1 Actual | 0 2011 Planned | OPVA Actual | 0 for Central n The OPVA for Central America and Caribbean region (“Managing High & America and the Volatile Oil Prices: Central America and the Caribbean�) is currently in the final Caribbean stages and delivery to client and dissemination will occur in third quarter Region FY2012. Output 3 | Carry out Climate Vulnerability Assessments (CVAs) in the Europe and Central Asia Region to develop a framework for decision-making to support adaptation of energy infrastructure to climate change; develop a toolkit documenting the approach and methodology of pilot assessments n Indicator | Number of CVAs carried out in ECA 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | n/a 2010 Planned | 2 Actual | 1 n Albania Climate Vulnerability Assessment: An Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability, Risk, and Adaptation in Albania’s Power Sector 2011 Planned | 0 Actual | 0 NOTE | The Uzbekistan Climate Vulnerability Assessment is in final stages and delivery to client and dissemination will occur during third quarter FY2012. 56 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram n Indicator | Number of toolkits developed 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | n/a 2010 Planned | 1 Actual | 1 n Hands-on Energy Adaptation Toolkit (HEAT) developed, launched and disseminated 2011 Planned | 0 Actual | n/a n Indicator | Conduct AAA/TA in support of the joint task force between ESMAP and the Global Expert Team for Adaptation 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | n/a 2010 Planned | 1 Actual | 0 2011 Planned | 0 Actual | 1 n Report “Climate Impacts on Energy Systems� delivered and published Program 1B | The Regional Energy Integration Strategies program was satisfactorily completed in FY2010 Program 1C | Low Carbon Growth Country Studies Program (LCGS) Objective | To assist ESMAP client countries achieve low carbon growth by identifying opportunities and related financial, technical, and policy requirements to move towards a low carbon growth path. Country-specific studies help to assess developmental goals and priorities, in conjunction with greenhouse gas mitigation opportunities, and estimate incremental costs and benefits of lower carbon growth. Output 1 | Conduct Low Carbon Growth (LCG) country-specific studies to examine pathways and interventions to support low carbon growth to 2030 n Indicator | Number of LCG studies developed and fully completed 2009 Planned | 1 Actual | 1 n Mexico Low Carbon Growth Study 2010 Planned | 3 Actual | 3 n Brazil Low Carbon Growth Study n China Low Carbon Growth Study n India Low Carbon Growth Study 2011 Planned | 3 Actual | 3 n Indonesia Low Carbon Growth Study n Poland Low Carbon Growth Study n South Africa Low Carbon Growth Study Output 2 | Develop and pilot learning-by-doing activities within an analytic framework to facilitate country-specific assessment of low carbon power system development paths n Indicator | Number of country-specific analytic frameworks applied and tested 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | n/a 2010 Planned | Actual | Concept note approved (Apr 2010) Concept note for analytic framework 2011 Planned | Draft Actual | 0 Framework n Project initiated in Nigeria to explore low carbon options for the power sector (output due FY2012) n Project initiated in Morocco, but subsequently adapted to focus on power sector system planning in response to client needs (output due FY2012) 2 0 1 1 annual report 57 Output 3 | Develop an e-learning front end for selected analytic and / or modeling tools developed under LCGS and placed in public domain n Indicator | Number of e-learning front end and/or modeling tools developed 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | n/a 2010 Planned | 1 Actual | 2 activities initiated activity initiated n E-learning and help facilities for EFFECT tool n User-friendly front-end and interface for Marginal Abatement Cost Curve Tool (MACTool) 2011 Planned | Actual |1 activity completed; 2 ongoing Complete n EFFECT tool made public and e-learning package developed through World activity/tools Bank Institute web portal n Work continuing on EFFECT tool, with railways component to be added as part of the Macedonia project n Work continuing on MACTool, which is likely to be made public in FY2012 Output 4 | Develop knowledge exchange products (brochures, internal workshops, and external forums) on global best practices n Indicator 1 | Number of Brochures produced & disseminated in connection with LCGS pilot studies 2009 Planned | 1 Actual | 1 n Introductory brochure of LCGS published: “Low Carbon Growth Country Studies Program: Mitigating Climate Change Through Development� 2010 Planned | 2 Actual | 3 n Low Carbon Growth Country Studies – Getting Started: Experience from Six Countries n Brazil Low Carbon Country Case Study n Low Carbon Development for Mexico 2011 Planned | 5 Actual | 0 n Work started on 4 briefing documents during FY2011 with publication in FY2012: 1. Best Practices for Market-Based Power Rationing: Implications for South Africa 2. Energy Intensive Sectors of the Indian Economy: Path to Low Carbon Development 3. Implementing Energy Efficiency and Demand Side Management: South Africa’s Standard Offer Model 4. Transition to a Low Carbon Economy in Poland n Indicator 2 | Number of internal workshops and learning events delivered in conjunction with WBI and CCDP 2009 Planned | 1 Actual | 1 n Energy Learning event – Low Carbon Development (April, 2009) 2010 Planned | 3 Actual | 5 n Low Carbon Growth Country Studies: Emerging Lessons and Results (Sep 2009) n Low Carbon Growth Studies: Getting Started (Jan 2010) n Low Carbon Development Hands-on Workshop (April 2010) n Low Carbon Training ECA PREM Country Teams (May 2010) n Low Carbon Growth Seminar ECA Regional Management Team (May 2010) 2011 Planned | 2 Actual | 3 n Brown Bag Lunch on TAMT for WB participants (Jul 2010) n LAC/ESMAP session on low carbon development during SDN week (Mar 2011) n Client-delivered presentation on low carbon development in Mexico during ESMAP CG meeting (Mar 2011) n Indicator 3 | Number of external forums delivered by ESMAP and/or in cooperation with WBI/CCDP to disseminate lessons and share information with global energy practice 2009 Planned | 1 Actual | 1 n UNFCCC Meetings in Bonn, Germany 58 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram 2010 Planned | 7 Actual | 9 n Carbon Expo, Cologne n UNFCCC Meetings: Bangkok n UNFCCC Meetings: Barcelona n UNFCCC Meetings: Copenhagen n Nigeria Technical Discussions on Low Carbon Development in the Power Sector n SIDA-WB Energy Dialogue n Morocco Country Dialogue on Low Carbon Development n Vietnam Dialogue on Climate Change and Low Carbon Growth n Brazil Launch of the Low Carbon Study 2011 Planned | 1 Actual | 3 n Africa Forum training session on Building Consensus for Low Carbon Development (Jul 2010) n Training on Low Carbon Development and EFFECT in Hanoi, Vietnam (Oct 2010) n LCD/ EFFECT training and outreach activities by WBI at Carbon Expo (May 2011) Program Component 2 | Energy Efficient Cities Initiative (EECI) Program / Initiative 2 | Energy Efficient Cities Initiative (EECI) Objective | To assist cities in ESMAP client countries enhance energy efficiency in the delivery of city services. EECI is a flexible, cross-cutting, demand-driven program that identifies innovative ways to improve the energy efficiency of major cities and reduce the costs and environmental impacts of energy use. Output 1 | Conduct city-specific Energy Efficiency Assessments n Indicator | Number of Tool for Rapid Assessment of City Energy (TRACE) assessments conducted for evaluating EE opportunities across all key city sectors 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | 0 2010 Planned | 1 Actual | 1 n Field testing and validation (Quezon City, Philippines) 2011 Planned | 2 Actual | 4 n TRACE deployed in four cities (Gaziantep, Turkey; Da Nang, Vietnam; Surabaya, Indonesia; and Cebu, Philippines) Output 2 | Design programmatic EE interventions for urban sector development n Indicator 1 | Number of TA activities on EE provided to cities to complement Cities Alliance’s City Development Strategy grant 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | 0 2010 Planned | 2 Actual | 1 n Quezon City – Philippines (Jan 2010) 2011 Planned | 2 Actual | 1 n Zarqa City, Jordan (Sep 2010) n Indicator 2 | Number of AAA and project preparation support provided to client countries to design and/or incorporate programmatic EE measures into WB Urban Sector lending operations 2009 Planned | 1 Actual | 1 n Energy Chapter for East Asia Eco2 2 0 1 1 annual report 59 2010 Planned | 3 Actual | 8 n Public Procurement of Energy Efficiency n Energy Efficient Cities: Assessment Tools and Benchmarking Practices n West Bank - Assistance to Develop a Municipal Energy Efficient Retrofit Pilot n WB/GEF China Tianjin Eco-city Project: Assistance in design and preparation of the green building component (approved by Board in Jul 2010) n WB China Ningbo New Countryside Development Project: Assistance in design and preparation of the small township building energy efficiency pilot and demonstration (approved by Board in Feb 2010) n GEF Macedonia Sustainable Energy Project: Assisted in project restructuring to include municipal EE component and development of national buildings program. n Energy Efficiency Indicators: Best Practice and Potential Application in Developing Countries n Implementing Energy Monitoring and Targeting at Lusaka (Zambia) Water and Sanitation Company 2011 Planned | 3 Actual | 9 n Public Procurement of Energy Efficiency Services-Getting Started n Public Procurement of Energy Efficiency Services-WBI E-Learning Course n Mainstreaming Building Energy Efficiency Codes in Developing Countries- Global Experience and Lessons from Early Adopters n Developing an Energy-Efficient Urban Transport Plan for Zarqa City (Jordan) Downtown Area n A Primer on Energy Efficiency for Municipal Water and Wastewater Utilities n Best Operational and Maintenance Practices for City Bus Fleets to Maximize Fuel Economy n Ukraine Energy Efficiency Project: Assisted in project appraisal; project includes municipal EE component n Green Energy Schemes for a Low carbon Shanghai (China) n Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings Market Assessment Report for New Delhi (India) Output 3 | Conduct knowledge exchange products (brochures, internal workshops, and external forums) on global best practices n Indicator 1 | Number of case studies and/or tools developed to share lessons and best practices on EE achievements 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | 0 2010 Planned | 12 Actual | 9 n Performance contracting for street lighting in Akola (India) n Water pressure management in Emfuleni (South Africa) n Landfill gas recovery in Tianjin (China) n Rapid bus transit system in Bogota (Colombia) n Energy efficiency in public buildings in Kiev (Ukraine) n LEDs for traffic signals in Portland, Oregon, (USA) n Solid waste compositing in Lahore, (Pakistan) n Water and energy efficiency in Monclova & Border Frontera (Mexico) n Taxi scrapping and recycling in Cairo (Egypt) 2011 Planned | 5 Actual | 8 n Energy management systems in public buildings in Lviv (Ukraine) n Low-energy building standards through sale of city-owned land in Muenster (Germany) n Enforcement of residential building energy efficiency codes in Tianjin (China) n Congestion charges for urban transport in London (UK) n Energy management in the provision of water services in Campinas (Brazil) n Water and sewerage management contract in Yerevan (Armenia) n Post-conflict water and sewerage rehabilitation in Mostar (Bosnia & Herzegovina) n Municipal energy efficiency fund in Ann Arbor, Michigan (USA) 60 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram n Indicator 2 | Database of case studies developed 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | n/a 2010 Planned | 1 Actual | 1 n Database launched in Oct 2009 2011 Planned | 0 Actual | n/a n Indicator 3 | Virtual Panel established to inform the development of TRACE 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | n/a 2010 Planned | 1 Actual | 1 n Virtual panel established (Oct, 2009) 2011 Planned | 0 Actual | n/a n Indicator 4 | Number of practitioners’ workshops 2009 Planned | 2 Actual | 1 n Practitioners’ Roundtable (Oct 2008; Washington, DC) 2010 Planned | 3 Actual | 4 n International Workshop on Mainstreaming Building Energy Efficiency Codes in Developing Countries (Washington, DC) n Financial and Technical Solutions for Sustainable Cities (Brasilia, Brazil) n Implementing Municipal Energy Efficiency Programs (Kazan, Russia) n International Roundtable on Energy Efficiency Metrics and National Energy Efficiency Assessments in Developing Countries (Washington, DC) 2011 Planned | 2 Actual | 0 NOTE | Two workshops were proposed (India and South Africa) but were postponed by the region due to competing priorities n Indicator 5 | City awards for EE implementation launched and operational 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | 0 2010 Planned | 1 Actual | 1 n City Awards launched in Jan 2010 (first round of awards ceremony scheduled for April 2011) 2011 Planned | 0 Actual | n/a n Indicator 6 | Number of internal and external outreach events to disseminate lessons and share information on EE 2009 Planned | 5 Actual | 7 n ICLEI Local Government climate Session side event at COP-14 (Dec 2008; Poznan) n Energy Efficiency in Cities session at the World Bank’s Energy Week (Mar 2009; Washington DC) n Energy Efficiency Global Forum (Apr 2009; Paris) n Senior policy seminar on Climate Change, Housing and Liveable Cities in Asia and Africa (Jun 2009; Singapore) n Two parallel sessions at the World Bank’s 5th Urban Research Symposium — Cities and Climate Change: Responding to an Urgent Agenda (Jun 2009; Marseilles) n International Roundtable : Energy Efficiency Indicators and National Energy Efficiency Performance Assessment (Jun 3-4, 2010; Washington, DC) 2 0 1 1 annual report 61 2010 Planned | 4 Actual | 5 n International Workshop: Mainstreaming Building Energy Efficiency Codes in Developing Countries (Nov 2009; Washington, DC) n The EE Public Procurement training session at the World Bank’s SDN Week (Jan 2010) n BBL: Energy Efficiency in West Bank Municipalities (held during CG meetings sessions; Mar 2010) n The West African Regional Workshop on Energy Efficiency (Apr 2010; Ouagadougou) n The Energy Efficiency Global Forum (May 2010; Washington, DC) 2011 Planned | 3 Actual | 13 n APEC Cooperative EE Design for Sustainability (Sep 2010; Bangkok) n 21st World Energy Congress (Sep 2010; Montreal) n BBL: Launch of RAF (TRACE) Tool (Sep 2010; Washington, DC) n BBL: Mainstreaming Building Energy Efficiency Codes in Developing Countries (Oct 2010; Washington, DC) n BBL: Public Procurement of Energy Efficiency Services-Getting Started (Nov 2010; Washington, DC) n Sustainable Buildings Network Conference (Nov 2010; Paris) n BBL: Urban Climate Tools-A Joint Discussion on Synergy and Comparability (Dec 2010; Washington, DC) n APEC CEEDS Workshop (Jan 2011; Hong Kong) n BBL: The Future of Cities (Feb 2011; Washington, DC) n BBL: Green Financial Incentives for the District of Columbia (cosponsored with Eco2 Program; Mar 2011; Washington, DC) n World Bank Energy Week ’11: Sustainable Energy and Cities Session (Mar 2011; Washington, DC) n Seminar for World Bank procurement staff: Public Procurement of Energy Efficiency Services (Mar 2011; Washington, DC) n World Bank Africa SDN Staff Training (Mbuyu) Event: What will Africa’s Cities Look Like in the Future? (Mar 2011; Washington, DC) Program Component 3 | Renewable Energy Market Transformation Strategy (REMTI) Program / Initiative 3 | Renewable Energy Market Transformation Initiative (REMTI) Objective | To assist ESMAP client countries diversify their energy supply mix and scale up deployment of renewable energy technology. REMTI aims at helping countries to address the preparatory work needed in the upstream stages of program development by providing technical assistance, knowledge sharing, and capacity building to facilitate access to financing. Output 1 | Conduct country-specific Market Transformation Strategies to scale up deployment of grid-tied RE systems n Indicator | Number of strategies completed and deployed 2009 Planned | 2 Actual | 2 n Market Transformation Strategy – Iran n Market Transformation Strategy – Slovakia 2010 Planned | 2 Actual | 4 n Market Transformation Strategy – Colombia n Market Transformation Strategy – Bulgaria n Renewable Energy Development – Philippines n Evaluating Renewable Energy Targets – China 62 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram 2011 Planned | 2 Actual | 4 n Unleashing the Potential of Renewable Energy in India n Belarus Renewable Energy Legal and Regulatory Framework Harmonization with EU n Mexico Renewable Energy Technical Assistance Program n Turkey Smart Grids (AMAG) Technical Assistance Program – Summary Report Output 2 | Develop country/regional roadmaps for scaling up RE technology deployment for accelerated utilization of RE resources (CSP, geothermal, wind, hydro) for grid-tied power supply n Indicator | Number of country /regional road maps adopted by client countries 2009 Planned | 4 Actual | 1 n Egypt Commercial Wind Development Framework 2010 Planned | 1 Actual | 2 n North Africa Regional CSP Initiative n Overcoming Barriers to Hydropower Investment - Peru 2011 Planned | 2 Actual | 4 n Regulatory and Financial Incentives for CSP n Design and Performance of Policy Instruments to Promote Renewable Energy in Developing Countries n Retrospective Review of Mini-Hydro Facilities on Irrigation Dams and Canal Drops In India n Peru Opportunities and Challenges of Small Hydropower Development Output 3 | Design a market support mechanism to facilitate grid-tied deployment of RE technologies for power generation by low-income client countries n Indicator | Mechanisms for an Output-Based Revenue Support Mechanism developed and accepted for implementation by donors and client countries 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | n/a 2010 Planned | Basic Actual | Completed OBA design n Concept Paper (draft) and presentation on “Market Development Support Mechanisms for Scaling Up Renewable Energy� (Presented to DFID in Jan 2010) 2011 Planned | OBA Actual | Completed concept shared n New work program on Results-Based Funding (building on earlier OBA/AMC and reviewed by concept and discussions) endorsed by CG meeting donors and other n ESMAP/GPOBA/PPIAF window launched to support African RBF design and stakeholders piloting n Work started on the concept note for the RBF work program leading to engagement with internal and external stakeholders, including participants in the Scaling-up Renewable Energy Program (SREP) and the Energy+ partnership Output 4 | Conduct knowledge exchange products (brochures, internal workshops, and external forums) on global best practices n Indicator 1 | Number of Policy Notes to share ESMAP lessons, results and best practices on country-specific Strategies and/or Road Maps 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | n/a 2010 Planned | 2 Actual | 0 2011 Planned | 3 Actual | 0 NOTE | There are four notes under development – Peru hydro, Mexico, India hydro, Philippines n Indicator 2 | Number of internal workshops and learning events to share experience within WBG 2009 Planned | 3 Actual | 0 2010 Planned | 5 Actual | 1 n CSP Action Planning Workshop (Oct 2009) 2 0 1 1 annual report 63 2011 Planned | 5 Actual | 2 n BBL with Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF) on renewable energy investment trends in India, China, and Brazil n Subscription for the regional units to Bloomberg New Energy Finance information services on renewable energy n Indicator 3 | Number of external forums to disseminate lessons and share information with global energy practice (in partnership with external organizations such as REEEP, IRENA) 2009 Planned | 1 Actual | 0 2010 Planned | 1 Actual | 2 n Knowledge Exchange Forum — CG meeting (Mar 2010) n CSP Workshop, Mozambique 2011 Planned | 1 Actual | 5 n REMTI presentation at DIREC conference in India (Oct 2010) n Turkey Smart Grids (AMAG) training/workshops for Power Grid Company (TEIAS) n Regional geothermal training workshop: Geothermal policies and project development (sponsored by AU; Dec 7-11, 2010; Kigali, Rwanda) n Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Aug 20, 2010: Geothermal project development in Ethiopia n Panama Geothermal Workshop, Geothermal power for Central America (May 2010, Panama City) n Indicator 4 | Number of best-practice case studies prepared 2009 Planned | 1 Actual | 0 2010 Planned | 2 Actual | 1 n Best Practice Guidelines for Mesoscale Wind Mapping Projects for the World Bank (Nov, 2009) 2011 Planned | 2 Actual |3 n Electricity Auctions: An Overview of Efficient Practices n Mexico Renewable Energy Least Cost Planning and Targets Study n Transmission Expansion for Renewable Energy Scale-up Program Component 4 | Pro-Poor Energy Access TA Programs (PEA-TAP) Program 4A | Africa Electrification Initiative (AEI) Objective| To develop and sustain a living body of practical knowledge and a network of Sub-Saharan Africa practitioners in the area of planning and implementation of rural, peri-urban and urban electrification programs. Outputs | Conduct knowledge exchange products (website, blog, discussion papers, policy notes, workshops, web sites, external forums, blogs, etc.) on global best practices n Indicator 1 | Number of case studies published and disseminated under AEI 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | 0 2010 Planned | 2 Actual | 7 n 5 Discussion Papers completed: 1. Ongrid and Off-grid Small Power Producers in Africa: Key Implementation Questions For Electricity Regulators 2. Carbon Finance: Challenges and Opportunities in the Electrification Sector in SSA 3. Offgrid: Hybrid Models 4. Pico PV 5. Productive Uses (developed with GIZ and EU Energy Initiative Partnership Dialogue Facility (EUEI-PDF)) n 2 Technical/Research Papers: 6. Access to Electricity in SSA 7. Subsidy Matrix 64 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram 2011 Planned | 2 Actual | 4 n Discussion paper completed: 1. Microfinance for Off-grid Electrification n Technical/Research Papers: 2. On-Grid and Off-Grid Small Power Producers in Africa: Key Implementation Questions for Electricity Regulators 3. Grid Extension in Rural Benin: Micro-Manufacturers and the Electrification Trap (AEI in Cooperation with GIZ) 4. Impact Evaluation of Productive Use – An Implementation Guide for Electrification Projects (AEI in cooperation with GIZ) n Indicator 2 | Number of thematic BBLs / mini-workshops organized 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | 0 2010 Planned | 0 Actual | 1 n Support provided to Rwanda Electricity Company (RECO) to identify speakers for the regional mini-workshop on Access to Electricity and Development of Local Industries in East Africa (Apr 2010) 2011 Planned | 0 Actual | 3 n Symposium on Small PV-Applications, Rural Electrification and Commercial Use (Jun 6-7, 2011; University of Applied Sciences Ulm, Germany) n World Bank Energy Week 2011 – panels on Institutional Approaches to Electrification and Innovative Financing for Rural Electrification (Mar 14-16, 2011; Washington, DC) n Seminar on Small Power Producers in Tanzanian Villages (Nov 19, 2010; Washington, DC) n Indicator 3 | Development of a web site 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | ESMAP/AEI website initiated 2010 Planned | 0 Actual | AEI website completed and launched http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/EXTAFRR EGTOPENERGY/0,,contentMDK:22404873~menuPK:6613283~pagePK:34004173~pi PK:34003707~theSitePK:717306,00.html n The proceedings and the presentations of the AEI workshop have been posted on the WB website - Energy in Africa n Development of an online archive of operational documents for electrification in partnership with PPP in Infrastructure Resource Center for Contracts, Laws and Regulation (PPPIRC); some of the documents have been translated to English and French 2011 Planned | 0 Actual | Website reorganized and updated n Events space included in the website n Additional operational documents uploaded to the “Practitioners’ Documents� archive n Indicator 4 | Development of the Online Social Collaborative Network 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | 0 2010 Planned | 0 Actual | AEI Online Social Collaborative Network completed n AEI Blog mail@africaelectrificationinitiative.ning.com; n 130 participants up to date; n Online discussions on: 1. Ongrid and Off-grid Small Power Producers in Africa: Key Implementation Questions For Electricity Regulators 2. Carbon Finance: Challenges and Opportunities in the Electrification Sector in SSA 3. Hybrid mini-grids 4. Pico PV 5. Microfinance and Rural Electrification 2 0 1 1 annual report 65 2011 Planned | 0 Actual | AEI Online Social Collaborative Network expanded n 187 participants reached n Online discussions on: 1. Different Institutional Approaches to Electrification 2. Energy Access for the Urban Poor (with ESMAP) 3. Strategies for Promoting Productive Uses of Electricity (with EUEI-PDF) n Call for Papers announced for the member community Program 4B | Energy SME Development Strategies (ESMED) — Energy Access for the Urban Poor Objective | To create and sustain a network of energy practitioners to support development of SMEs as users and providers of modern energy services for urban slum upgrading programs. Output 1 | Develop and implement community-adapted Energy Access Programs for households and SMEs in client countries aligned with Cities Alliance-sponsored nationwide Slum Upgrading Action Plans n Indicator | Number of Energy Access Programs implemented for households and SMEs in client countries 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | 0 2010 Planned | 3 Actual | 1 n One program implemented in Ghana. In Uganda, the procurement process was cancelled. It has been re-activated. The program in Vietnam, the third country, was cancelled due to budgetary constraints. Milestones should be revised to 2. 2011 Planned | 0 Actual | 1 n The program implemented in Ghana was a scoping study of three slum communities. This was completed, with the resulting report published on the ESMAP website. The findings were presented at the African Electrification Initiative conference held in Dakar in November 2011 (with cofinancing by EUEI PDF). Output 2 | Conduct demand-responsive capacity building support for community energy institutions and community-based institutions n Indicator | Number of capacity building activities conducted to support institutions and higher learning community-based organizations 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | 0 2010 Planned | 1 Actual | 3 n Program planning workshop in Ghana resulted in the input of all stakeholders to enhance the objectives of the program. n Project kickoff meeting was held in Ghana to introduce the project to government institutions and service providers. Their feedback was instrumental in shaping the research areas. n Training of Energy Center staff and enumerators supplied by the communities in survey design and techniques, questionnaire administering, and design of database CS Pro, which will be used for data collection and analysis. 2011 Planned | 3 Actual | 0 n A review of the program was undertaken in FY11. The review resulted in a change in program design to better reflect ESMAP’s strategy in energy access. Output 3 | Conduct knowledge exchange products (policy notes, internal workshops, and external forums) on global best practices n Indicator 1 | Conduct two practitioners’ forums in partnership with Cities Alliance to promote knowledge exchange among (a) community-based energy access working groups 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | 0 2010 Planned | 2 Actual | 0 NOTE | The Cities Alliance program is still at the program design stage in Ghana and Uganda. 66 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram 2011 Planned | 0 Actual | 0 n Indicator 2 | Conduct twp practitioner’s forums in partnership with Cities Alliance to promote knowledge exchange among (b) SME energy service providers 2009 Planned | 1 Actual | 0 2010 Planned | 2 Actual | 0 2011 Planned | 2 Actual | 1 n ESMAP is currently organizing several multi-stakeholder virtual forums and a physical workshop to support energy access practitioners. The forums are expected to gather insights from energy practitioners who have had success in implementing energy access projects for the urban poor. Their input and expertise will provide a basis for designing ESMAP’s energy access work for urban and peri-urban communities. The forums will also draw on previous ESMAP initiatives in this area, particularly the recent scoping study commissioned in Ghana, and a report of 8 case studies of successful energy access for the urban poor initiatives compiled by The Energy Research Institute of India (TERI). The forums are expected to be completed by June 2011. n Indicator 3 | Publish and disseminate two brochures to share lessons, results, and best practices 2009 Planned | 1 Actual | 0 2010 Planned | 4 Actual | 0 NOTE | A brochure for the project , case studies documenting best practices in energy access for the urban poor, and report for scoping study in Ghana will be published during third quarter of FY2011. 2011 Planned | 1 Actual | 2 n The energy access brochure has been finalized and is ready for printing. n The best practice case studies on “Improving Energy Access to the UrbanPoor in Developing Countries� comprised 8 cases of successful energy access initiatives in India, Bangladesh, Colombia and Brazil. The report aims to inform the energy access community (including practitioners, civil society groups, project planners, end users) about best practices of successful energy access initiatives targeted at slum dwellers. This report is now available on the ESMAP website. The cases include: 1. The Ahmedabad Slum Electrification Project (India) 2. Provision of Electricity to Pavement Dwellers in Mumbai: An Urban Poor Community’s Initiative to Get Energy Access (India) 3. Sulabh Biogas Plants Fuelled by Human Excreta (India) 4. Safe and Legal Connections for Consumers in Slum Communities: A Case in New Delhi (India) 5. Natural Gas Distribution for Low�Income Families in the Caribbean Coast and South West Regions of Colombia (Colombia) 6. Commercialization of Improved Cook Stoves (ICS) for Reduced Indoor Air Pollution in Urban Slums of North�West Bangladesh (Bangladesh) 7. Mobile Retail Dealers (MRDs) for Distributing LPG Bottles in Bangladesh by TOTALGAZ (Bangladesh) 8. COELBA Community Agent Project (Brazil) Program 4C | Gender and Energy Development Strategies (GEDS) Objective | To create and sustain a team of energy practitioners to support gender-sensitive approaches to energy sector development. Output 1 | Develop energy-specific Gender Strategies for regions and thematic programs to enhance gender in the Energy Sector based on gender analysis and action research n Indicator | Number of Gender Strategies carried out and completed 2 0 1 1 annual report 67 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | n/a (GEDS program launched in Jul 2009) 2010 Planned | 2 Actual | 2 strategies initiated n Africa Gender & Energy Program n Gender and Youth in Extractive Industries Program 2011 Planned | 2 Actual | 2 strategies under implementation n Africa Gender & Energy Program – activities being initiated and carried out in 6 countries (Mali, Tanzania, Senegal, Kenya, Liberia, Benin) n Gender and Extractive Industries Program – gender sensitive approach being carried out in 8 countries (Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Mongolia, DRC, Tanzania, Uganda, Malawi) Output 2 | Conduct capacity building programs/forums and establish platforms of dialogue between Gender & Energy experts and client counterparts n Indicator 1 | Number of regional workshops on gender and energy organized 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | n/a (GEDS program launched in July 2009) 2010 Planned | 1 Actual | 1 n Mainstreaming Gender Equality in Infrastructure Projects , Workshop in Peru, 2009 2011 Planned | 2 Actual | 4 n ESMAP Knowledge Exchange Forum n Energy Week – presentations during various sessions n Extractive Industries Sector Week – gender session n Gender and Energy experts group established • Indicator 2 | Number of Gender and Energy training events 2009 Planned | 1 Actual | n/a (GEDS program launched in July 2009) 2010 Planned | 1 Actual | 1 n Workshop: Energy & Gender Capacity Building in South Asia (Jun 2010; Bangladesh) 2011 Planned | 2 Actual | 3 n The Experience of the AFREA Gender Mainstreaming Program and Learning from Tanzania: Africa Regional Workshop on Mainstreaming Gender Equality in Infrastructure Policies and Projects (Mar 2011; Ethiopia) n Gender Equality and Access to Energy Services: the Experience of the Rural Electrification Agency of Mali: Africa Regional Workshop on Mainstreaming Gender Equality in Infrastructure Policies and Projects (Mar 2011; Ethiopia) n Introduction to Gender and Energy Concepts (Rural Energy Agency, Tanzania) — Gender Awareness Training Output 3 | Conduct knowledge exchange products (brochures, tools, templates internal workshops, and external forums) on global best practices n Indicator 1 | Number of guidance notes/issues papers developed to share ESMAP lessons, results, and best practices on gender-specific Strategies and/or Road Maps 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | n/a (GEDS program launched in July 2009) 2010 Planned | 1 Actual | 3 n Gender and Energy Issues Paper for WB Energy Strategy n Gender Disaggregated Questionnaire for Bangladesh Rural Electrification Impact Assessment n Background Note on Gender and Climate Change 68 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram 2011 Planned | 3 Actual | 4 n Draft of Methods and Approaches on Integrating Gender in Africa Energy Programs and Projects Toolkit n ESMAP Gender and Energy webpage designed, developed and launched (www.esmap.com/esmap/energyandgender) n Corporate Reviews and Contributions to WDR Gender and Development 2012 n Contribution to the Biomass Energy Initiative in Africa (BEIA) n Indicator 2 | Number of Energy and Gender tools, templates, or best-practice case studies 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | n/a (GEDS program launched in Jul 2009) 2010 Planned | 0 Actual | n/a 2011 Planned | 2 Actual | 3 n Making Energy Work for Women and Men: Tools for Task Teams n Lighting Africa Report: Expanding Women’s Role in Africa’s Modern Off-Grid Lighting Market n IFC Smart Lessons: Striking Gold: Women in Mining Initiative in Papua New Guinea n Indicator 3 | Number of internal workshops and learning events carried out to share experience within the World Bank Group 2009 Planned | 1 Actual | 1 n Gender & Energy Learning Days during Energy Week 2009 (Washington, DC) 2010 Planned | 1 Actual | 1 n Energy, Gender and Climate Change Session during SDN 2010 Week (Washington, DC) 2011 Planned | 1 Actual | 3 n ESMAP Knowledge Exchange Forum n Energy Sector Week n Extractive Industries Sector Week n Indicator 4 | Number of external forums carried out to disseminate lessons and share information with global energy practice 2009 Planned | 0 Actual | 3 n SAWIE Conference – South Asia Women in Executive Exchange (Apr 2009; Washing ton DC) n Women’s Rights and Gender Equality Seminar (Apr 2009; Tanzania) n Gender and Energy Solutions Workshop (May 2009; Mozambique) 2010 Planned | 0 Actual | n/a 2011 Planned | 1 Actual | 3 n Africa Regional Workshop on Mainstreaming Gender Equality in Infrastructure Policies and Projects (March 2011; Ethiopia) n Launch of BEIA pilots event (Dec 2010; Nairobi, Kenya) n Introduction to Gender and Energy Concepts (Oct 2010; Rural Energy Agency, Tanzania) 2 0 1 1 annual report 69 ANNEX III WORLD BANK GROUP LENDING OPERATIONS INFLUENCED BY ESMAP ACTIVITIES, FY2009-11 Over the past three fiscal years (FY2009-11), ESMAP activities have contributed to the identification and design of approved World Bank Group energy lending of US$11.75 billion. The following is a list of lending operations influenced by ESMAP activities during this period. WBG Lending Operation Region Country Energy Access Project AFR Burkina Faso Energy Sector Development Project AFR Cameroun Democratic Republic Growth with Governance in the Mineral Sector AFR of the Congo Energy Development and Access Project (GEDAP) AFR Ghana Electricity Expansion Project AFR Kenya Energy Sector Project AFR Malawi Household Energy and Universal Access Project (Additional AFR Mali Financing) Energy Development and Access Project (EDAP) AFR Mozambique Southern African Power Market Project (Adjustable Programmatic AFR Regional Loan 1) Regional and Domestic Power Market Development Project AFR Regional Mozambique-Malawi Transmission Interconnection Project AFR Regional (Adjustable Programmatic Loan 2) Electricity Access Scale-up and Sector Wide Approach AFR Rwanda Development Project Sustainable and Participatory Energy Management Project II AFR Senegal (PROGEDE II) Sustainable Management of Mineral Resources AFR Tanzania Energy Development and Access project AFR Tanzania Rural Electrification and Transmission Project EAP Cambodia Guangdong Green Freight Demonstration Project EAP China 70 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram WBG Lending Operation Region Country Global Environment Facility Tianjin Eco-city Project EAP China Global Environment Facility Provincial Energy Efficiency Scale-up EAP China Program Shangdong Province Energy Efficiency EAP China Ningbo New Countryside Development Project EAP China Climate Change Development Policy Loan EAP Indonesia Rural Electrification Project of the Rural Electrification Program, EAP LAO Phase I (Adaptable Program Loan) Rural Electrification Project, Phase II EAP LAO Mining Sector Technical Assistance Project EAP Mongolia Mining Sector Institutional Strengthening Technical Assistance, II EAP Papua New Guinea Clean Technology Fund (IFC) EAP Philippines Kunming Urban Rail Project EAP Regional Vietnam Transmission and Distribution (Additional Financing 2) EAP Vietnam Poverty Reduction Strategy Credit 9 for Vietnam EAP Vietnam Electricity Supply Reliability Project ECA Armenia Global Environment Facility Sustainable Energy Project ECA Macedonia Energy Project II (Additional Financing) ECA Moldova Energy Efficiency Development Policy Loan ECA Poland South Eastern Energy Community of South East Europe (Adaptable Program Loan) ECA Europe Programmatic Electricity Sector Development Policy Loan ECA Turkey Energy Community of South East Europe (Adjustable Programmatic ECA Turkey Loan 6) Private Sector Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Project ECA Turkey Environmental Sustainability and Energy Sector (Development ECA Turkey Policy Loan 2) Energy Efficiency Project ECA Ukraine Decentralized Infrastructure for Rural Transformation Project (IDTR) LAC Bolivia Energy Investments and Technical Assistance LAC Jamaica Rural Electrification Project I LAC Peru Rural Electrification project II LAC Peru Electrobras Distribution Rehabilitation Project LCR Brazil Power Sector Efficiency Enhancement Project (PROMEF) LCR Honduras Framework for Green Growth Development Policy Loan LCR Mexico Low Carbon Development Policy Loan LCR Mexico Global Environment Facility Wind Umbrella Project III LCR Mexico 2 0 1 1 annual report 71 WBG Lending Operation Region Country Global Environment Facility Energy Efficiency Lighting and LCR Mexico Appliances GEF Project Rural Electrification Project LCR Peru Giza North Power Project MNA Egypt Ain Sokhna Power MNA Egypt Wind Power Development Project MNA Egypt Helwan South Power Project MNA Egypt Urban Transport Sector Development Policy Loan MNA Morocco Energy Sector Development Policy Loan MNA Morocco Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Investment Project MNA Tunisia Municipal Development Program, Phase I MNA West Bank Clean Air Sustainable Environment (CASE) Project SAR Bangladesh Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development (RERED; SAR Bangladesh Additional Financing) Kabeli Transmission Project SAR India IFC Loan for Maharashtra State Electricity Transmission Corporation SAR India Limited (MSETCL) Haryana Power System Improvement Project SAR India Coal-Fired Generation Rehabilitation SAR India Coal-Fired Generation Rehabilitation II SAR India Electricity Distribution and Transmission Improvement Program SAR Pakistan Project World Bank Regions | AFR – Africa | EAP – East Asia and Pacific | ECA – Europe and Central Asia | MNA – Middle East and North Africa | LCR – Latin American and the Caribbean | SAR – South Asia 72 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram ANNEX IV Completed, new, and ongoing activities, fY2011 COMPLETED ACTIVITIES Country/Region Activity Task Manager ENERGY ASSESSMENTS AND STRATEGY PROGRAMS Bulgaria, Latvia, Impact of Financial Crisis on Power Sector Edon Vrenezi, Ani Balabanyan Ukraine Chile Support for Development of National Energy Efficiency Lucia Spinelli Program China Power Dispatch Energy Efficiency Improvement Beatriz Arizu de Jablonski EAP East Asia Regional Energy Flagship Study Xiaodong Wang Global National Oil Companies Case Studies Silvana Tordo Global Country Energy Efficiency Performance Indicators Feng Liu LCR Programmatic Approach in Support of the Power Sector Xiaoping Wang in Central America LCR A Strategic Overview on Energy Procurement and Best Luiz T. A. Maurer Practices in Energy Auctions LCR Environmental Action Plan, Phase II (Energy, Environ- Alonso Zarzar Casis ment & Population) SAR South Asia Regional Energy Sector Vulnerability Assess- Mohua Mukherjee ment Turkey Capacity Building for Electricity Market Operations Sergio Augusto Gonzalez- Coltrinari Vietnam Fuel Efficiency, Trade Facilitation Moustafa El-Hefnawy ENERGY ACCESS Global Gender and Energy Development Program Nilufar Ahmad Global Household Energy Access | Lessons Learned and Koffi Ekouevi Scaling-Up Opportunities Laos Stimulating Small and Medium Enterprises for Produc- Jie Tang tive Uses of Electricity Yemen Economic Benefits of Electricity Supply Pierre Audinet 2 0 1 1 annual report 73 Country/Region Activity Task Manager ENERGY EFFICIENT CITIES China Energy Efficiency in Government Facilities in China Alberto Ugalde Ang Co Egypt Cairo Congestion Study Ziad Salim EL Nakat Global Building Energy Efficiency Codes Compliance Feng Liu Global Rapid Analytical Framework (Tool for Rapid Assessment Ranjan Bose of City Energy – TRACE) Global Urban Mobility Strategies Ranjan Bose Global International Benchmarking Network Energy Monitoring Feng Liu & Targeting Pilot Technical Assistance CLEAN ENERGY Brazil Low Carbon Study Christophe De Gouvello EAP Capacity Building for Renewable Energy Beatriz Arizu de Jablonski Global Contribution to Carbon Footprinting Marcelino Madrigal Global External Panel, Energy Supply, Access, and Climate Change Jane Ebinger Global Concentrated Solar Power | Regulatory and Financial Nataliya Kulichenko Incentives India Renewable Energy Investment Climate Ashish Khanna India Strategies for Low Carbon Growth Kwawu Gaba Mexico Low Carbon Development Study Todd M. Johnson Mexico Renewable Energy Assistance Program Leopoldo Montanez Peru Overcoming Barriers to Hydropower Susan Bogach Poland Low Carbon Growth Study Erika A. Jorgensen South Africa Low Carbon Growth Study Xiaodong Wang NEW ACTIVITIES Country/Region Activity Task Manager ENERGY ASSESSMENTS AND STRATEGY PROGRAMS Armenia Study of Demand-Side Management Tools Ani Balabanyan Black Sea Region Regional Energy Sector Note Salvador Rivera Bulgaria Bulgaria Gas Sector Study Peter Johansen Global Cost of Delivering Demand-Side Management, Energy Ashok Sarkar Efficiency Activities Global Private and Public Sector Roles Maria Vagliasindi India The Indian Power Sector | A Stocktaking and Directions Sheoli Pargal for the Future LCR Central America Programmatic Study Module #6 | Diver- Xiaoping Wang sification of the Energy Matrix Maldives Developing a Regulatory Framework for Maldives Abdulaziz Faghi Energy Sector MNA Assessment of Institutional and Regulatory Framework Husam Mohamed Beides for Electricity Trade in the Arab World 74 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram Country/Region Activity Task Manager Egypt Egypt Energy Efficiency Strategy Jianping Zhao Moldova Moldova District Heating and Electricity Restructuring Shinya Nishimura Nepal Support to Strategic Energy Sector Development Michael Haney SAR South Asian Regional Energy Assessment Mohua Mukherjee Ukraine Reforming Energy Pricing in Ukraine Yadviga Viktorivna Semikolenova Uzbekistan Energy Efficiency Strategy for Industrial Enterprises in Franz Gerner Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Uzbekistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan Regional Electricity Sunil Kumar Khosla Supply and Trade ENERGY ACCESS AFR Road to Durban | Energy Ministers Event Varadarajan Atur Haiti Strategic Development of Household and other Energy Karen Bazex Sectors Global Direct Delivery of Power Subsidy to Rural Areas Mohinder Gulati Global Just in Time Technical Assistance with Local/Global Adriana Eftimie Gender & Energy Experts LCR Central America Programmatic Study Module #7 | Per- Xiaoping Wang formance of Improved Cook Stoves in Central America Peru Capacity Building for Productive Use of Energy in Peru Susan V. Bogach ENERGY EFFICIENT CITIES South Eastern Climate-Friendly Energy Efficiency Policies across South Jas Singh Europe Eastern Europe Global EECI Small Grants (Zarqa) Ranjan Bose Global Energy Efficiency for Water and Sanitation Utilities Feng Liu Lebanon Support for Thermal Building Standards (Energy Efficiency) Simon J. Stolp CLEAN ENERGY India Understanding Private Sector Participation in Hydro- Kwawu Mensan Gaba power Development Jordan Assessment of Smart Grid Application to Jordan Trans- Husam Mohamed Beides mission System Global Low Carbon Development in the Power Sector Venkata Ramana Putti Nigeria Climate Change Implications for Growth in the Non-Oil Raffaello Cervigni Sector in Nigeria Yemen Yemen Renewable Energy Framework Jianping Zhao Global Scaling Up the Deployment of Grid-Connected Renew- Cindy Suh able Energy Technologies in Developing Countries Global Adaptation Knowledge Dissemination Jane Ebinger Global Adaptation Country Briefs Jane Ebinger China Evaluation of Incentive Mechanisms (Taxation and Pric- Yanqin Song ing) for Wind Power in China Global Geothermal Handbook Magnus Gehringer Serbia Serbia Low Carbon Energy Path Arturo S. Rivera 2 0 1 1 annual report 75 ONGOING ACTIVITIES Country/Region Activity Task Manager ENERGY ASSESSMENTS AND STRATEGY PROGRAMS Belarus Belarus Energy Efficiency Pekka Kalevi Salminen China China Heat Regulation Phase II Gailius J. Draugelis Global Power Sector Market Structure Maria Vagliasindi Global Flagship Electricity Technology Options Assessment Guide Istvan Dobozi Global Review Design Performance Renewable Energy Policy Gabriela Elizondo Azuela LCR Managing High & Volatile Oil Prices Ariel Yepes Pakistan Support for the Development of Large-Scale Energy Efficiency Ashok Sarkar Vietnam Vietnam Gas Master Plan Richard Jeremy Spence Vietnam Vietnam Energy Reform Dissemination and Outreach Beatriz Arizu de Jablonski ENERGY ACCESS AFR Africa Electrification Experience Dana Rysankova Global Work on Gender and Youth in Extractive Industries Adriana Eftimie Global Evaluation of Rural Electrification Shahidur R. Khandker Global ESMED Energy Access for Urban Poor Koffi Ekouevi ENERGY EFFICIENT CITIES China Urban Transport Climate Change Strategy Ke Fang Global EECI Small Grants Jas Singh Global EECI Good Practice Awards Jas Singh Global EECI Outreach & Dissemination Jas Singh Global EE Cities Project Support Facility Feng Liu Global EECI Rapid Analytical Framework 2 Ranjan Bose CLEAN ENERGY Global Rehabilitation of Hydropower Infrastructure Caroline Van Den Berg Global Low Carbon Development Knowledge Products Jane Ebinger Global Electricity Transmission Planning Marcelino Madrigal Global REMTI Coordination & Outreach Cindy Suh Global REMTI Knowledge Exchange Cindy Suh India India Concentrated Solar Power Initiative Ashish Khanna Indonesia Indonesia Low Carbon Growth Strategy Josef Lloyd Leitmann Indonesia Geothermal Risk Mitigation Framework in Indonesia Migara Jayawardena LCR Geothermal Assistance Component Xiaoping Wang MNA North Africa Regional Concentrated Solar Power Initiative Chandrasekar Govindarajalu Philippines Renewable Energy Development Beatriz Arizu de Jablonski World Bank Regions | AFR – Africa | EAP – East Asia and Pacific | ECA – Europe and Central Asia | MNA – Middle East and North Africa | LCR – Latin American and the Caribbean | SAR – South Asia 76 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram ANNEX V Publications, FY2011 ISBN, Pub. No., Country/ Title Author(s)/PTL/Program Or Project ID Region Energy and Mining AFR Household Energy Access for Cooking Koffi Ekouevi, Sector Board Discussion and Heating | Lessons Learned and the Voravate Tuntivate Paper No. 23 Way Forward AFREA Toolkit AFR Photovoltaics for Community Service Anil Cabraal, Kate Steel Facilities | Guidance for Sustainability (English & French) Lighting Africa Rpt 02/ AFR Solar Lighting for the Base of the Dalberg Global Oct 2010 Pyramid | Overview of an Emerging Development Advisors Consultant Report Market P105702 Brazil Brazil Low carbon Country Case Study Christophe de Gouvello, Britaldo S. Soares Filho, Andre Nassar, Roberto Schaeffer, Fuad Jorge Alves, Joao Wagner, Silva Alves P120481 Brazil Good Practices in City Energy Efficiency | Feng Liu Campinas, Brazil –Energy Management in the Provision of Water Services (case study) P112532 Chile Diseño e Implementación de un Programa Fundación Chile for Sergio Piloto de Capacitación en Eficiencia Taricco Mackay Energética para Municipalidades Chilenas Reporte Final P099544 China China’s Envisaged Renewable Energy Ximing Peng, WB Policy Note Target | The Green Leap Forward Noureddine Berrah Two-Pager China Quexon City Energy Efficiency Summary Ranjan Bose Report | Field Testing and Validation of an Early Version of the RAF P120983 EAP Stimulate Small and Medium Enterprises Jie Tang (SMEs) In Productive Uses of Electricity (presentation) P103315 EAP Winds of Change | East Asia’s Sustainable Xiaodong Wan, Noureddine World Bank Energy Future Berrah, Subodh Mathur, 978-0-8213-8486-2 Ferdinand Vinuya 2 0 1 1 annual report 77 ISBN, Pub. No., Country/ Title Author(s)/PTL/Program Or Project ID Region Consultant Rpt ECA Crisis Within a Crisis? | How the Financial Ani Balabanyan, Edon Crisis Highlights Power Sector Vrenezi, Lauren Pierce, Vulnerabilities in Europe and Central Denzel Hankinson Asia Region P118724 ECA Financial Crisis | Threat or Opportunity for Ani Balabanyan, Edon Power Sectors of ECA Countries? Vrenezi, Denzel Hankinson, Lauren Pierce P118724 ECA Outage | Investment Shortfalls in the Ani Balabanyan, Edon WB Directions in Power Sector in Eastern Europe and Vrenezi, Lauren Pierce, Development Central Asia Denzel Hankinson 978-0-8213-8738-2 P114517 ECA Transition to a Low-Emissions Economy in Erika Jorgensen, Poland Leszek Kasek P116227 Global A New Slant on Slopes | Measuring the Margaret Wilson, WB Report No. Benefits of Increased Electricity Access in John Besant Jones, 53963-GLB Developing Countries Pierre Audinet A World Bank Study Global Climate Impacts on Energy Systems | Key Jane Ebinger, Walter 978-0-8213-8697-2 Issues for Energy Sector Adaptation Bergara, Irene Leino ESMAP Toolkit Global HEAT | Hands-On Energy Adaptation Jane Ebinger Toolkit ESMAP Two-Pager Global HEAT | Hands-On Energy Adaptation Vanessa Lopes Toolkit Energy and Mining Global Impacts of Transmission and Distribution Marcelino Madrigal, Randall Sector Board Discussion Projects on Greenhouse Gas Emissions | Spaldin-Fecher Paper No. 21 Review of Methodologies and a Proposed Approach in the Context of World Bank Lending Operations P119673 Global Issues Paper on Gender and Energy Nilufar Ahmad, Mark Blackden, Megumi Makisaka, Vanessa Lopes, Koffi Ekouevi, Adriana Eftimie, Robert Bacon P114056 Global Mainstreaming Building Energy Feng Liu, Anke S. Meyer, WB Working Paper No. Efficiency Codes in Developing John F. Hogan 204 Countries | Global Experiences and 978-0-8213-8534-0 Lessons From Early Adopters P109169 Global National Oil Companies and Silvana Tordo, Brandon S. WB Working Paper No. Value Creation Tracy, Noora Arfaa 218 978-0-8213-8831-0 ESMAP Briefing Note Global Public Procurement of Energy Efficiency Jas Singh, Dilip R. Limaye, 009/10 Services | Getting Started Brian Henderson, Xiaoyu Shi ESMAP Two-Pager Global Rapid Assessment Framework | A Ranjan Bose Practical Tool for Instituting Urban Energy Efficiency P115793 Global Rapid Assessment Framework | An Ranjan Bose WB Report No. 57685 Innovative Decision Support Tool for Evaluating Energy Efficiency Opportunities in Cities 78 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram ISBN, Pub. No., Country/ Title Author(s)/PTL/Program Or Project ID Region Energy and Mining Global Regulatory and Financial Incentives for Natalia Kulichenko, Sector Board Discussion Scaling Up Concentrating Solar Power in Jens Wirth Paper No. 24 Developing Countries ESMAP Formal Report Global Tools for Improving Air Quality Todd M. Johnson, 339/11 Management | A Review of Top-down Sarath Guttikunda, Source Apportionment Techniques and Gary J. Wells, Paulo Artaxo, their Application in Developing Countries Tami C. Bond, Armistead G. Russell, John G. Watson, Jason West Energy and Mining Global Transmission Expansion for Renewable Marcelino Madrigal, Steven Sector Board Discussion Energy Scale-Up | Emerging Lessons and Soft Paper No. 26 Recommendations Consultant Report India Report on Barriers for Solar Power Prepared by Ashish Kulkarni Development in India for Ashish Khanna, Gevorg Sargsyan, Natalia Kulichenko, Chandrasekeren Subramaniam, Anjali Garg, Ruchi Soni P099005 India Unleashing the Potential of Renewable Gevorg Sargsyan, Mikul A World Bank Study Energy in India Bhatia, Sudeshna Ghosh 978-0-8213-8780-1 Banerjee, Krishnan Raghunathan, Ruchi Soni P120587 SAR Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Mohua Mukherjee, WB Report No. Investments in South Asia’s Electric Power Kumar V Pratap 56849-SAS Infrastructure | The Experience of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh P120983 Lao Powering Up Productivity in Rural Voravate Tig Tuntivate Lao PDR | Stimulating Small and Medium Enterprises to Use Electricity for Income Generation P110201 LCR Central America Regional Programmatic Fernando Lecaros, WB Report No. Study for the Energy Sector | General Juan Miguel Cayo, 55418-LAC Issues and Options (English & Spanish) Manuel Dussan WB Report No. 63875 LCR Electricity Auctions | An Overview of Luiz T. A. Maurer, A World Bank Study Efficient Practices Luiz A. Barroso WB Directions in LCR Gender-Sensitive Approaches for the Bernie Ward, Development Extractive Industry in Peru | Improving John Strongman 978-0-8213-8208-0 the Impact on Women in Poverty and Their Families P110201 LCR Managing an Electricity Shortfall | A Pierre Audinet, Martín WB Report No. Guide for Policymakers (English & Rodriguez Pardina 52106-LAC Spanish) WB Directions in LCR Meeting the Balance of Electricity Rigoberto Ariel Yépez- Development Supply and Demand in Latin America Garcia, Todd M. Johnson, 978-0-8213-8819-8 and the Caribbean Luis Alberto Andrés P110201 LCR Regional Power Integration | Structural David Reinstein, Almudena WB Report No. and Regulatory Challenges (English & Mateos, Alberto Brugman, 58934-LAC Spanish) Todd Johnson, Laura Berman 2 0 1 1 annual report 79 ISBN, Pub. No., Country/ Title Author(s)/PTL/Program Or Project ID Region P113684 MNA Middle East and North Africa Region Ernst & Young et Associés WB Report No. 63218 Assessment of the Local Manufacturing for Chandrasekar Potential for Concentrated Solar Power Govindarajalu, Philippe (CSP) Projects Roos, Fowzia Hassan A World Bank Study Nepal Power and People | The Benefits of Sudeshna Ghosh Banerjee, 978-0-8213-8779-5 Renewable Energy in Nepal Avjeet Singh, Hussain Samad ESMAP Special Report Peru Peru | National Survey of Rural Household Peter Meier, Voravate 007/10 Energy Use Tuntivate, Douglas F. Barnes, Susan V. Bogach, Daniel Farchy P109969 Peru Peru Opportunities and Challenges of Peter Meier, Eduardo H. ESMAP Formal Report Small Hydropower Development Zolezzi, Susan V. Bogach, 340/11 Terence Muir, Karen Bazex P118724 Serbia Outage | Power Sector Investment DHInfrastructure Economics Consultant Report Shortfalls in Serbia & Finance, Inc. ESMAP Briefing Note South Best Practices for Market-Based Power Luiz Maurer 008/11 Africa Rationing | Implications for South Africa ESMAP Briefing Note South Implementing Energy Efficiency and Dilip Limaye 007/11 Africa Demand Side Management | South Africa’s Standard Offer Model P118724 Urkraine Outage | Power Sector Investment DHInfrastructure Economics Consultant Report Shortfalls in Ukraine & Finance, Inc. P120481 Vietnam Report on Benchmarking Study on Feng Liu Urban Water Supply Utility Performance in Vietnam for the Period 2007–2009 (case study) World Bank Regions | AFR – Africa | EAP – East Asia and Pacific | ECA – Europe and Central Asia | MNA – Middle East and North Africa | LCR – Latin American and the Caribbean | SAR – South Asia 80 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram ACRONYMS AAA analytical and advisory activities EAP East Asia and Pacific (World Bank ABG annual block grant region) ACCI Africa Clean Cooking Initiative EASP Energy Assessments and Strategy AEI Africa Electrification Initiative Program AFR Africa (World Bank region) ECA Europe and Central Asia (World Bank AFREA Africa Renewable Energy Access region) Program ECOWAS Economic Community of West African AFTEG Africa Energy unit (World Bank unit) States AMADER Agence Malienne pour le ECREEE ECOWAS Regional Centre for Développement de l’Energie Renewable Energy and Energy Domestique et de l’Electrification Efficiency Rurale EE energy efficiency AMC advanced market commitment EECI Energy Efficient Cities Initiative AOSIS Alliance of Small Island States EFFECT Energy Forecasting Framework & APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Emissions Consensus Tool ASTAE Asia Sustainable and Alternative EnDev Energizing Development Energy Program ESMAP Energy Sector Management AusAID Australian Agency for International Assistance Program Development ESMED Energy Small- and Medium-Sized BBL brown bag lunch Enterprise Development Strategies BEIA Biomass Energy Initiative in Africa EUEI-PDF European Union Energy Initiative — C celsius Partnership Dialogue Facility C40 C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group FY fiscal year CCDP Climate Change for Developmental GDP gross domestic product Professionals GEDS Gender and Energy Development CDKN Climate and Development Knowledge Strategies Network GEF Global Environment Facility CDS City Development Strategy GIZ Gesellschaft für Internationale CEEDS Cooperative Energy Efficiency Design Zusammenarbeit for Sustainability GPOBA Global Partnership on Output-Based CEIF Clean Energy Investment Framework Aid CESVA Country Energy Sector Vulnerability GW gigawatt Assessments HEAT Hands-on Energy Adaptation Toolkit CG Consultative Group ICLEI ICLEI — Local Governments for CIF Climate Investment Funds Sustainability COP Conference of the Parties ICS improved cook stoves CSP Concentrated Solar Power ICT information and communication DFID Department for International technology Development (UK) IEA International Energy Agency 2 0 1 1 annual report 81 IFC International Finance Corporation Efficiency Partnership LCGS Low Carbon Growth Country Studies REISP Regional Energy Integration Strategies LCR Latin America and the Caribbean Program (World Bank region) REMTI Renewable Energy Market LPG liquified petroleum gas Transformation Initiative M&E monitoring and evaluation RREA Rural and Renewable Energy Agency MACTool Marginal Abatement Cost Tool SAR South Asia (World Bank region) MEDEC México: Estudio sobre la Disminución SDN-VP Sustainable Development Network de Emisiones de Carbono (World Bank Vice Presidential unit) MNA Middle East and North Africa (World SIDA Swedish International Development Bank region) Cooperation Agency MRD mobile retail dealer SIDS Small Island Developing States MW megawatt SSA Sub-Saharan Africa NOC national oil company SWAp Sector-Wide Approach OECD-DAC Development Assistance Committee TA technical assistance of the Organization for Economic TAG Technical Advisory Group Cooperation and Development TAMT Transportation Activity Measuring OPVA Oil Price Vulnerability Assessments Toolkit PEA-TAP Pro-Poor Energy Access Technical TRACE Tool for Rapid Assessment of City Assistance Program Energy PGE Pertamina Geothermal Energy UN United Nations PPP public-private partnerships UNDP United Nations Development PREM Poverty Reduction & Economic Programme Management Network (World Bank unit) UNFCCC United Nations Framework PSVA Power Sector Vulnerability Convention on Climate Change Assessments UNIDO United Nations Industrial PTL program team leader Development Organization PV photovoltaic WB World Bank RBF results-based funding WBI World Bank Institute RE renewable energy WDR World Development Report REEEP Renewable Energy and Energy 82 E nerg y S ector M anagement A ssistance P rogram Copyright © 2012 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK GROUP 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing April 2012 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, or its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use. The Boundaries, colors, denominations, other information shown on any map in this volume do not imply on the part of the World Bank Group any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The material in this publication is copyrighted. 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