E1400 department of HANOI PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION v 4 HANOI URBAN TRANSPORT DEVELOPEMENT PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT REPORT ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS SUBPROJECT: CT1 AND CT6 RESETTLEMENT SITE PROJECT PROJECT: HANOI'S URBAN TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT Hµ Néi - 2006 department of HANOI PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION HANOI URBAN TRANSPORT DEVELOPEMENT PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT REPORT ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ON CT1 AND CT6 RESETTLEMENT SITE PROJECT PROJECT: HANOI'S URBAN TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT INVESTOR CONSULTOR HANOI PUBLIC Center for Environmental TRANSPORTATION Engineering of Towns department and Industrial Areas Hµ Néi - 2006 EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Chapter I Introduction 1.1 THE AIM OF THE EIA REPORT In order to construct completely the transportation network in Hanoi city and strengthen the management ability of transportation institutions, Hanoi People's Committee is planning to implement the Hanoi's Urban Transportation Development Project (HUTDP) for the city. The project will make more 1000 people displace their homes in the areas. Therefore, it is necessary to have resettlement sites for that household in the case of implementation of HUTDP. Hanoi Urban Planning and Architectural Department issued Official Document No. 1544/QHKT-P1 dated 31 July 2004 on introducing the resettlement site of the Hanoi Transportation Project Management Unit with the recommended position at CT1 and CT5 in the Culturally Communicated City. On 25 August 2004, the HPC issued an Official Document No. 3038/UB-XDDT on that CT1 and CT6 sites in the Culturally Communicated City are accepted as the resettlement sites for the UTDP. Deploying the Decree No. 175/CP issued by the Government on providing Guidelines for implementation of Law on Environment Protection, the EIA report for CT1 and CT6 resettlement sites is made in the aims to identify and estimates any affect of project and evaluate their significance on the natural environment and socioeconomics. On the base of this, EIA will propose methods for appropriately compromising the conflicts between social - economics development and environment protection, mitigating environment pollution, and giving contributions of scientific documents for authorities to make correct and comprehensive decisions on project development and environment protection. The Investor makes the EIA report "Investment project of CT1 and CT6 resettlements construction" with the goals as follows: Based on scientific backgrounds, we analyze, assess and forecast the positive and negative, direct and indirect, and short-term and long-term impacts caused by the project implementation on natural resources and environment. Providing measures for mitigating the negative impacts and enhance the positive impacts of the project to protect the environment and develop sustainable. 1.2 LEGISLATIVE BASIS FOR PREPARATION OF THE EIA REPORT 1 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t The EIA report for the project of CT1 and CT6 settlement sites is prepared based on the following legislative documents: Vietnamese Law on Environment Protection dated 27/12/1993 issued by Vietnam National Assembly and the promulgation decree for implementation has been signed on 10/1/1994 by the Chairman; Governmental Decree No. 175/CP dated 18/10/1994 providing Guidelines on implementation of Law on Environment Protection; Governmental Decree No. 121/2004/ND-CP dated 12-5-2004 providing the regulations on settlement of violations on Environmental Protection (in replacement of the Decree No. 26/CP dated 26/4/1996). Circular No. 490/1998/TT-BKHCNMT dated 29/4/1998 of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment providing Guidelines on preparation and appraisal of EIA reports of investment projects; Circular No. 10/2000/TT-BXD of the Ministry of Construction dated 8/8/ 2000 providing Guidelines on preparation of EIA on Construction Planning projects; Decree No. 143/2004/ND-CP dated 12/7/2004 on adjustment and amendment of the Article 14 Decree No. 175/CP providing Guidelines on implementation of Law on Environment Protection; The EIA report for Construction of resettlement of CT1 and CT6 is based on the following engineering materials: The detailed planning of the urban area of the North Co Nhue ­ Chem in the scale of 1:2000 is approved by the Chairman of the Hanoi City People's Committee in Decision No. 74/2004/QD-UB dated 18/5/2004 issued by Hanoi City's PC. The detailed planning of Tu Liem District in the scale of 1:500 is approved by the chairman of the Hanoi City People's Committee in Decision No. 14/2000/QD- UB dated 14/2/2000 issued by Hanoi City's PC. The map with the scale of 1:2000, issued in May 2002 by Land Survey and Study Company belonging to DONREH, is provided by PU of investment and construction, the Hanoi Urban Planning and Architecture Department. Vietnamese Standards on Environment, TCVN 1995, TCVN 2000, 2001. Memorandums of electric supply, water supply, drainage, and fire precautions and extinguishment signed by relevant parties for the project. Guiding Documents of WHO and WB on preparing EIA report. 2 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Decision No. 30/2002/QD-UB dated 01/5/2002 issued by Hanoi City's PC on approving the detailed plan of the new urban area of the Culturally Communicated City in scale 1/2000. Official Document of the Hanoi City's PC No. 2319/UB-XDDT dated 08/07/2004 on the place recommended by the PMU for constructing the settlements. Official Document No. 1544/QHKT-P1 dated 31/07/2004 issued by the Hanoi Urban Planning and Architecture Department on the recommended place by the PMU for constructing the resettlements . Official Document No. 3038/UB-XDDT dated 25/08/2004 issued by the Hanoi Urban Planning and Architecture Department on the recommendation of the place for constructing the resettlements for the Transportation Development Project. Announcement No. 53/TD-XD dated 13/1/2005 issued by the Hanoi Civil Engineering Department on informing the assessment of expense estimation for implementing the project of CT1 and CT6 settlements construction. Official Document No. 1360/UB-XDDT dated 13/4/2005 issued by the Hanoi City's PC on the agreement of the total space planning of CT1 and CT6 settelements, in scale of 1/500, which are under the urban plan of the Culturally Communicated City, serving settlements of the Hanoi Transportation Development Project. Official Document No. 1707/QHKT-P1 on planning the total space of preliminary architecture for High-rises building located at CT1 and CT2 sites of the urban area of the Culturally Communicated City. Official Document No. 428/UB-XDDT dated 07/02/2006 issued by the Hanoi City's PC on the boudary setting and agreement of the master plan of CT1 and CT6 settelements, in scale of 1/500, which are under the urban plan of the Culturally Communicated City, serving settlements of the Hanoi Transportation Development Project. 1.3 METHODS USED FOR ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT Statistic method: this method aims to collect and analyze the meteorology- hydrographic and socio-economic data gathered at the planed area for assessment of socioeconomic development Social survey method: this is used when interviewing leaders and people of Districts, Communes and Villages within the area of project. 3 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Sampling-at-site and sample examination Method.: this method aims at determining the parameters and the current quality of air, water, land, etc at the area of the project Comparison method: this method is used for the environmental impact assessment based on the Vietnamese Standards on Environment as TCVN 1995, TCVN 2000, and TCVN 2001. Analysis and synthesis Method to make the report: analyzing and synthesizing all the impacts of the project on the natural environment and the socio-economics. 1.4 ARRANGEMENTS AND PROCEDURES OF EIA REPORT IMPLEMENTATION Implementation arrangement: - The EIA report for Project of the investment and construction of CT1 and CT6 resettlements is carried out under the Governmental Decree No. 175/CP; - The EIA report is established by PMU with the Consulter of CEETIA. Members of the implementation group: - Prof. Dr. Sc. Pham Ngoc Dang : CEETIA Director - Dr. Nguyen Duc Toan : Coordinator of the group, CEETIA - MSc. Ung Thi Thuy Ha : Secretary, CEETIA - Dr. Nguyen Quynh Huong : Member, CEETIA - Dr. Le Hien Thao : Member, CEETIA - BEng. Tran Hieu Da : Member, CEETIA - BEng. Nguyen Quoc Hoa : Member, CEETIA The group also includes the other members of PMU and CEETIA in cooperation with Co Nhue Commune's People Committee. Steps of implementation : The EIA report is consulted by CEETIA's experts specializing in several fields of study such as air pollution control, noise ­ vibration, water pollution control, solid wastes, poison wastes, and ecology and natural resources. This EIA report is implemented in the beginning phase of the project, and its procedures are as follows: 4 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t - Investigating the report on detailed planning of the Urban Area of Communication City. - Investigating the Report on CT1 and CT6 resettlement site Project. - Collecting socioeconomics conditions, meteorological, hydrographic and environmental data at the area of Project - Surveying and assessing the current status of environment in the area - Analyzing the collected data and assessing the impacts under its aspects - Proposing solutions to mitigating environment pollution. - Setting up a monitoring program, and analyzing and monitored the parameters during the project implements. - Synthesizing to making the report Preliminary EIA in detail Supervising the EIA executing handles Research of the Investment Constructing the project planning Report 1/2000 Supervising the measures in the operation of Project Screening Comparison environme and nt Purposing to develop the adjustment Project in operation project Figure 1.1 EIA report and monitoring environment during the project deployment 1.5 CONTENTS OF THE EIA REPORT The report focuses on the main contents as follows: Summarizing the Master Planning of the Culturally Communicated City and the Project Reviewing the natural and socio-economic conditions in the area of Project Assessing the current status of the environment of the project area. 5 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Evaluate the impacts of the project on the environment during the construction and operation of the project Proposing general solutions and specific techniques to mitigating the adverse impacts on the environment during the implementation of project and enhance benefit of the project at once. 6 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Chapter 2 General Description of the Project 2.1 PROJECT NAME The name of the project: CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Project, belonging to the Hanoi's Urban Transportation Development Project. The project is a part of the Culturally Communicated City Project implemented in Co Nhue Commune, Tu Liem District, Hanoi City. 2.2 INVESTOR Higher authority of the investor: Hanoi Public Transportation Department Investor: the Management Unit of the Urban Transportation Project 2.3 BOUNDARY AND SCALE OF THE PROJECT Boundary · The project is placed in CT1 and CT3 sites belong to the Culturally Communicated City. Those sites have been determined in the planning profile of the City in scale 1/2000 which is approved by the Hanoi City's PC with Decision No. 30/2002/QD-UB dated 01/03/2002. · The region for building the Culturally Communicated City is in the West of Hanoi City. It belongs to areas of Co Nhue and Cau Dien Communes, Tu Liem District, and Mai Dich Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi City. · The proposed Land for detailed planning of Culturally Communicated City has an area of 108,23 ha with the boundary as: · The North of Land is bounded by the irrigation canal of the City · The South of Land is bounded by Hoang Quoc Viet street · The East of Land is bounded by Pham Van Dong street · The West of Land is bounded by Nhue river. The location of the Culturally Communicated City in the master plan of Tu Liem district is shown in Figure 2.1. 7 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Figure 2.1 The location of the Culturally Communicated City. · CT1 location: · The North border on the planned road of 40m in Culturally 8 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Communicated City. · The South border on the planned road of 21m in Culturally Communicated City. · The East borders on METRO CASH & CARRY GMBH company · The West borders on the area planned for high school, denoted by THPT · CT6 location: · The West borders on the land planned for combined works, denoted by HH3 · The East and the North border on planned road of 21.5m in the Culturally Communicated City. · The South borders on the extending sequence of Hoang Quoc Viet street The specific location of CT1 and CT6 planned in the Culturally Communicated City is presented in Figure 2.2. Figure 2.2. The location of CT1 and CT6 in the Culturally Communicated City 9 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Scale · CT1 and CT6 resettlement site project with the design of 4-5 persons/apartment 1,250 apartments in average, serves 4000 displaced people from the HUTDP · Under the standard TCXDVN 323:2004 entitled "high-rise buildings ­ standard of design", the area of an apartment is about 75 m2 in average. So the total area of floor is about 140,000 m2. · CT1 site is constructed in the area of 2.09 ha. CT6 site is constructed in the area of 1.54 ha. 2.4 THE BACKGROUND AND THE NEED OF INVESTMENT 2.4.1 General of the HUTDP The HUTDP has been implementing. According to the schedule, in the year 2006, the second component of the project will be invested, including the opening the Second Ring Road (from Cau Giay street to Nhat Tan) such as Cau Giay-Buoi "transport Point", the extension road of Hoang Quoc Viet street to the Ring road III to the South Thang Long industrial zone, exclude Phu Dien ­transport Point. In order to carry out the site clearance for the component of the project, it is necessary to arrange a resettlement site for about 1000 households. So the Hanoi Architectural and Planning Department issued Official Letter No. 1544/QHKT-P1 dated 31/07/2004 on recommending CT1 and CT6 sites in the Culturally Communicated City for constructing resettlements. On 25/8/2005, the Hanoi City's PC issued Official Letter No. 3038/UB-XDDT on acceptation of the recommendation of the Hanoi Architectural and Planning Department. In the Governmental Document No. 221/CP-QHQT, the Prime Minister approved that HUTDP belongs to the series of projects allowed to be supported by WB in the period of 2004 to 2006. Now, the preparation steps of the project are carrying out. As scheduled, in April 2006, the Feasible Research Report will be submitted to the Prime Minister and WB for consideration. Based on the report, WB and the Government would sign a Memorandum for deploying the project. If the Memorandum is signed in 2006, an amount of fund can be supported for implementing the BRT component in advance. In general, the project is expected be completed in 2010. The Hanoi City's PC has issued a Decision on establishment of the organization for project preparation and another Decision on approval of the preparation tasks for investment. In the preparation phase, Consultant Companies will investigate on items of the project such as the Consultant Company MVA investigates on reorganizing the buses system, and the Consultant Company Padeco investigates 10 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t on the roads for only buses, etc. Except the expenditure for preparing the project, the other funds are included by the recommendation of WB. Such the funds, consist of 998.000 USD funded by the Japanese Budget on Policy and Human Resource Development and 350.000USD by Global Environment Fund 2.4.2 The demand for the Investment of CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site To develop the economics of the City, the quality of the transportation system of the City is much improved with many projects. After the 10th Congress of the Socialist Party of Vietnam successed, a number of investment projects increased in Hanoi; so the infrastructure of the City would need to be developed and upgraded to serve other kinds of project. Construction of resettlement site is an important factor to facilitate implementation of projects . As mentioned above, resettlement site in Hanoi City is lacked and getting worse, especially in the year of 2006. On 03/05/2005, World Bank replied a Letter to Hanoi City's PC on agreement of disciplines to consider funds for construction of resettlement site of the HUTDP. Therefore, it is the time to complete the project of resettlement site construction that HUTDP need to take advantage of the WB's support. On 06/1/2006, in the meeting on discuss of the progress of preparation phase of the HUTDP between WB and the Hanoi City's PC, WB considered the issue of resettlement site construction. Also, WB suggested that the Hanoi City's PC needs to direct, conduct and urge the construction process of the CT1 and CT6 resettlement site. According to WB policies, project is considered just only its resettlement site for the project is prepared and its application is submitted. So the application for fund submitted to WB is only considered when the project of CT1 and CT6 resettlement site construction in the Culturally Communicated City is prepared completely. For the development of the infrastructure of Hanoi City and to full advantage of ODA fund, investment of CT1 and CT6 resettlement sites is urgently special need currently. 2.5 PLANNING OF THE CULTURALLY COMMUNICATED CITY IN GENERAL The Culturally Communicated City project is planed to be placed in Co Nhue, Cau Dien and Mai Dich Communes with the area of 108.23 ha. The project was started in 1996. The investor of the project is the Joint ­ Venture International Construction Co. Ltd. VIC (a joint venture Company cooperated with 11 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Cuba) .This project aims at developing an area of 108.23 ha located in Tu Liem District to become an international City in the North of Hanoi City. The project had expected to start in 2001. On 25/7/2001, the Hanoi City's PC issued Decision on changing the investor to Joint Stock Company of International Investment and Construction ­ VIGEBA (it consists of VIC, Import and Export Co, Ltd. and Vietnam Insurance Corporation). On 28/8/2002, the Hanoi City's PC issued Decision on acquiring a land area of 108.23 ha in Co Nhue Commune, Cau Dien Town (Tu Liem District) and Mai Dich ward (Cau Giay District). The land acquired is handed over to VIGEBA. This will be a new urban region including a synchronous infrastructure under international standard. It consists of low buildings and high buildings (up to 24 floors), high-tech Park, trade center, financial center, hotels, schools, and hospitals. On 01/3/2002, the Hanoi City PC issued Decision No. 30/2002/QD-UB on approval the planning of the Culturally Communicated City. In the planning, the CT1 and CT6 sites with the area of 3.63 ha are planned for resettlements construction. Now the investor VIGEBA is performing a plan in scale of 1/500. 2.5.1 Planning ­ Architecture space arrangement · The area of the Culturally Communicated City is divided into main functions of land such as the lobby and constructing technical complexes denoted by CL, the combined denoted by CL, the public area denoted by CC, and so on. · The planning ­ architecture space of the Culturally Communicated City is investigated and designed according to the drawing of the planning and utilization of land which is based on the disciplines of space arrangement as well as the technical economic criteria. - The space of high-rise buildings is adjacent to the main road of the City and they are the architectural face of the road. The lower buildings space is arranged inside the City in combination with the area space of Villas and trees, high schools and nursery schools, and the Nhue River. The high-rise buildings are arranged along the main road. - Villas (2 to 3 floors) occupies with 30% of the total area which are constructed in the green trees space. The Villas are arranged in circular shape to form common used areas as car parks, sport fields, etc. - Buildings of the school (main classroom buildings are constructed with 3 floors and administration buildings are constructed with 2 floors) are constructed in the 12 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t central area of the science park for convenient communication with other areas. - Other buildings for leisure activities can be constructed in the green trees space and lake sides. - The public construction sites as bank buildings, office buildings and trade buildings can be organized in the central square. This is to connect with the cultural space in the lake space to symbolize the City as "the Culturally Communicated City". 2.5.2 Technical Infrastructure Planning * Traffic + The city has a convenient traffic system. According to Tu Liem district programming, the project is surrounded by the traffic system of such route as: Pham Van Dong , Hoang Quoc Viet lengthen to Phu Dien station, Xuan La - Co Nhue ­ Xuan Phuong and Nhue river's surroundings. Moreover, the crossroads between Pham Van Dong and Hoang Quoc Viet, Pham Van Dong and Xuan La-Co Nhue-Xuan Phuong and Hoang Quoc Viet are also public traffic points of the city. +Inside traffic. · The local separation and branch road network assures the connection among public works such as kindergartens and schools, the local and the city's houses and links to the road system of the surrounding area. · The surface of local separation road has roads with horizontal side of 21.5 to 30.0 m, road width of 11.5 - 15 m and each side pavement of 5-6 m. · The surface of branch network: use roads with total width of 15.5 m, road-way of 7.5 m and each side pavement of 4 m. · Parking-lot o Public parking area: the total surface of this area of the urban centre is 1.0 ha; high-floor garage is also planned. o Public works: parking requirement should be included in the design of buildings and villas. Besides some railways station are also planned to build along extension road of Hoang Quoc Viet and Pham Van Dong route (3). 2.5.3 Flood and water drainage Planning *Flood 13 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t - Height is limited from 6.5 to 7.6m sloping down to the North with coefficient i = 0.003 ­ 0.004. Sand is planned to use for the floor with Coefficient of compressibility k= 0.85. - The total volume for leveling: 729.537m3. - The total volume for digging water reservoir and trench: 435.480m3. * Rainwater drainage + Rainwater and waste water drainage is designed as two different systems. Rain water is drained through its sewer system built along programming routes into trenches, passing Co Nhue water-pump station to Nhue river. + The surface of water reservoir is 15 ha. + Rain water does not run into the water reservoir directly. Deposit tanks at the entrance of the water reservoir prevent first rain water from flowing into it. + The water drains mainly through the North of the urban centre and Co Nhue pump-water station into Nhue River. Waste water drainage and environmental sanitation. * Waste water drainage system of the project is built separately along programming routes and waste water flows automatically into water-pump station (which is planned to build in the Northwest of the urban centre). Then it is pumped into waste water processing station (Co Nhue station). · Waste water is absolutely not allowed to run into the water reservoir. · Processing capacity: Q = 3,905 m3/day · Inside waste water drainage system of each lot will be designed later depending on its scale, nature and works built on. · For buildings, force-resistant reinforced concrete sewer with diametre of 300mm will be built under the roadway and terminals will connect the inside and outside waste water drainage sewers. · Rubbish collecting system: · For buildings area: rubbish collecting system should be built upside down for every unit. · For office and public works, rubbish is collected as contracted with Hanoi urban environmental Company. 14 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Water supply System * Required flow: Qaverage= 5,324m3/day, Qmax= 6,176m3/day. * Water source: get the water directly from the city's water supply through pipes d800 and d400 which are located along programming route in the north, east and south of the urban center. Plan to choose option 2. * Pipeline network - Water supply pipe network in the urban center is the connection between circle and lopped branch pipe. - Buildings of 5 floors up are supplied directly with water through water-pump station and local tanks , which depends on the design of each building. -Inside water pipe network of each lot will be considered later. This plan concerns only about the main pipe network among different lots 2.6 SUMMARY OF CT1 AND CT6 RESETTLEMENT SITE PLANNING 2.6.1 Master Plan for CT1 Site · Architecture planning Functional areas of CT1 include housing, parking and green trees estate. CT1 lot with total surface of 20,900 m2, shape in a trapezium of 138 x 142 m, the building density of 18.7%; total construction area of 3.911 m2. 3 buildings named from CT1a to CT1c can be arranged with area of 1.151-1,380 each. Buildings are located accordingly at center points of 3 sides. Having a look at this from the main road (42m width), tower shaped building of CT1b with 17 floors is located alternately with green trees. The space is closed by block building CT1a,c with 14 floors. · Traffic system arrangement Traffic system includes local roads with the width of 6m surrounding all buildings, making it easy-to-move for people, ambulance and fire extinguisher in case of emergency. Indoor traffic system is set up in the basement and first floor. A part for guests' vehicle is placed at the corner of the lot. · Green trees and landscape arrangement 15 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Green trees and landscape are now important factors of housing areas. At CT1 area, beside lines of green trees surrounding buildings, flower gardens of 2.900m2 each will be placed among such buildings. Each flower garden is divided into places for old people and children with lawns, flower-beds, water-towers and small sculptures. Various trees are built including grass, flowers and especially tropical large leaf canopy trees like flamboyant, · Planning features of CT1: Features for planning CT1 site as listed below: Total land area 20.900.00 m2 Construction area 4,810.00 m2 Total floor area 88,616.00 m2 Construction density 18.7 % Land use coefficient 4.24 Times Number of floors in average 18.42 Floors 2.6.2 Master Plan for CT6 Site · Architecture planning - The main function of CT6 is for resident as shown in the plan in scale of 1/2000 approved. So the support sites of the area include the car parks, the green areas, etc. - The shape of CT6 is a 120x122m rectangle with the area is 15,400 m2. As described in the plan in the scale of 1/2000, the construction density is 24%, the total construction area is about 3,708m2. Thus, four buildings denoted by CT6a to CT6d are constructed with the construction area of each building is 660-1,010m2. - To take full advantages of the construction site, the buildings are arranged in conners of the square of the site. The buildings can be viewed in the direction of prolonged sequence of Hoang Quoc Viet Street. This is to create a good view of the site from viewpoint. The architecture of the buildings CT6A, B, C, and D is in tower shape to create a close space with 4 different approaching directions. This solution is appropriate since it makes a good ventilation from the main natural wind direction of the Southeast. - All the buildings are constructed with CT6C,D of 13 floors and CT6A,B of 9 floors. · Transportation system arrangement The dynamic transportation system consists of the internal roads with the width of 6m which connect all the buildings inside for convenient usage of people. 16 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Moreover, this is to make easy to move for the public services such as emergency service, fire-fighting service, etc if any problems may rise. The static transportation system is constructed almost inside the buildings; only a part of it is outside the buildings near the sides of the internal roads. · Green trees and landscapes arrangement Green trees and landscapes are of importance in residents today. Except the green tree clusters dispersing around high-rise buildings of CT6 site, flower gardens with area of 2,900m2 each are arranged in the middle area of the buildings. Flower gardens are arranged with grass cover, benches, water taps and small sculptures for the elderly and children's leisure activities. The trees planted in the gardens are diversified. · CT6 planning features: Total land area 15,400.0 m2 Construction area 3,670.0 m2 Total floor area 40,370.00 m2 Construction density 23.83 % Land use coefficient 2.2 Times Number of floors in average 11.00 Floors 2.6.3 Architecture Solution and Apartment Structure Space arrangement The considering space is arranged as follows: - The basement is used for cars parking. - The first floor is used for technical places and public activities. - Typical floor is structured as units with completely apartments including + 2 lifts of which one is for carrying goods up and down, + 1 staircase and 1 exist gate, + Width of corridor is 2m, and + Technical box system. Structure of apartment The buildings are designed in tropicalizing approach. The apartment structure is divided into three types: A, B and C of which the areas are listed in the tables 17 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t below, respectively. Table 2.1 Structure of apartments CT1B Inde Number of Rooms/Buildi x Type Area (m2) bedrooms Rooms/floor ng 1 A 80 2 4 64 2 B 66 2 4 64 3 C 55 2 4 64 Total 12 192 Table 2.2 Structure of apartment CTA,C Inde Number of Rooms/Buildi x Type Area (m2) bedrooms Rooms/floor ng 1 A 90 3 2 26 2 B 75-79 2 10 130 3 C 58 2 2 26 Total 14 182 Table 2.3 Structure of apartments CT6A, and C Inde Number of Rooms/Buildin x Type Area (m2) bedrooms Rooms/floor g 1 A 82-85 2 1 8 2 B 77 2 5 40 3 C 58 2 4 32 Total 10 80 Tabble 2. 4 Structure of apartments CT6B, and D Inde Number of Rooms/Buildi x Type Area (m2) bedrooms Rooms/floor ng 1 A 100 3 1 12 2 B 65-73 2 4 48 3 C 59-61 2 2 24 Total 7 84 18 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Vertical section solution - The architecture value of the construction is featured at the uniform of the general framework, the internal part of the buildings as well as the art of solid- empty complexes. - The depth of the basement is 2.8m, the height of the first floor is 3.9m, and the height of the other floors is 3.3m. 2.6.4 Electric Supply for the Works · Diagram of the electric supply system Transformer Master Distributi Rooms Additional 1..2MVA electric on box charge box 10 KV Under- ground Lifts cables Breakdowns Public servies area Generator Pump machine · Solution to electric supply - The power source is connected to the electric system of the Culturally Communicated City. For the time being, it is jointed with the medium line 10 KV in the East of Pham Van Dong Street. - The provision power source is the diesel generator. 2.6.5 Lightning-conductors System - The buildings are equiped with the lightning-conductors system at level C2. - The general solution comprises of the lightning-rods equiped in the high density of people to resist the 3th level thunder. · Ground contact system The system consists of lightning-rods D16 with the length of 1m, ground contactor L63x63x6 with the tength of 2.5m, lightning-rod D10, cable D16, etc. The distance between the ground and the lightning-rods is 2m or higher. The cables system is arranged in net shape. The resistance of the ground contactor is less than 10 . 19 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t · Hillock - The hilock is designed with 8 copper stakes 18, length 2.5 m; the minimum distance among the stakes is 3m, 15 boxes GEM25 is used for reducing the ground resistance. After competing, make sure that the resistance R 10 . The lightning- lines is the special one of three layers E2/50mm A2/OL. The lines are connected to land board with cable M95x2 having insulator covers. - The action hilock consists of 19 copper stakes 18 and length of 2.5m; the distance among the stakes is 3m; they are connected toghether with cable m95 of no cover; the connection points are proccessed with thermo-chemical welding technology; 10 boxes GEM25 is used for reducing the ground resistance. After competing, make sure that the resistance R 4 . The lines are connected to land board with cable M95 having insulator covers. - Connection between the two hilocks: TEC equipment is used for connecting the hilocks to avoid the different potential between the hilocks. This is to enhance the safety for users. 2.6.6 Water Supply Solution · The water supply connects to the main supply source of the Culturally Communicated City. However, a temporary water supply is used since CT1 and CT6 construction sites are carried out before the others. The temporary one is connected to D160 source running along Pham Van Dong street. · Diagram of water supply system Local Using Provisio Pump Water Equip- net of pipe n tank machine supply ments water 65 150m3 for using supply residents water Pump Supply for firefighting machine 2.6.7 Drainage System · Rain water drainage The rain water on the roofs of the buildings is gathered by the Xeno pipe system, and then the water is irrigated down through pipes D110 to drains around the buildings. Principle diagram: 20 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Surface Drains Free Gates for Common Local water around flows drainage gate sewer the buildings · Dirty water drainage Waste water is treated with septic tank, and then it is leaded through pipes to the common pipes of the site. Principle diagram: Waster Three D200 Common Drainage Local water sections station sewer sewer septic tank D200 2.6.8 Firefighting Solution · Firefighting equipments as eject tips, pipes, pots, etc under standard is distributed in the buildings. A typical system consists of a firefighting pot, pipes, eject tips, vales, warning table, and sentry's orders. · The firefighting system using water: equipments of water ejecting are located near staircases. · Box of equipments includes soft suspension hooks, vale, soft pipe with the minimum length of 20m. 2.7 Total Investment and Progress of the Project Implementation Total investment · The total amount of the investment budget is 591,446,000,000 VND The details of the investments can be listed as below: 1. Construction cost 327,417,000,000 VND 2. Equipment cost 37,992,000,000 VND 3. Site clearance 90,698,000,000 VND 4. Management cost and others 32,691,000,000 VND Sub total 488,798,000,000 VND VAT 48,880,000,000 VND Total minus VAT 537,678,000.000 VND 21 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t 5. Provision 53,768,000,000 VND Total 591,446,000,000 VND · Source of capital : - Governor budget : 292,180,000,000 VND for investment of CT6 site - Favor loan : 299,266,000,000 VND for investment of CT1 site · Progress of the project implementation - Preparation for investment period is from 4/2005 to 8/2006. - Progress of investment is from 8/2006 to 10/2010 2.8 Project Management · The management of the investment process for constructing CT1 and CT6 sites follows the construction investment regulations of the state, government, and City's PC. · Investor: PMU · Higher authority of the investor: Transportation and Urban Public Work Department. · Responsibilities of the investor · Doing the job with full responsibilities and authorities following Decree No. 16/2005/ND-CP dated 07/02/2005 issued by the Government on management of construction investment. · Being in charge of the progress, quantity, quality, safety, clean environment during project implementation according to current regulations. · Guiding, supervising, and monitoring the consultant and executive units to ensure that the project is implemented as planned at high quality and safety. · The higher authority of the investor, Hanoi Transportation and Urban Public Work Department, co-operated with other management institutions leads and supervises the investor in terms of finance, personnel, and professional management if necessary. 22 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Chapter 3 Physical and Social Economic Conditions of Project Area 3.1 PHYSICAL CONDITIONS 3.1.1 Geographic Location of Project Area Project area belongs to "the Culturally Communicated City" project which located on the West of Hanoi City, at Co Nhue commune, Cau Dien Town ­ Tu Liem district ; Mai Dich Ward ­ Cau Giay district, Hanoi City. The land of "Culturally Communicated City" is with the area of 108.23 ha. · The North of land is bounded by drainage canal of the city · The South of land is bounded by the lengthen sequence of Hoang Quoc Viet street · The East of land is bounded by Pham Van Dong Road (Ring Road No.3) · The West of land is bounded by Nhue River Location of CT1: - The North and South is bounded by the planned road of Culturally Communicated City - The East is bounded by the METRO CASH & CARRY GMBH - The West is bounded by the high secondary school, with sign THPT Location of CT6 - The West of CT6 is bounded by the mixed land area, with sign HH3 - The East and North of CT6 are bounded by planned road of Culturally Communicated City - The South of CT6 is bounded by the lengthen sequence of Hoang Quoc Viet street 3.1.2 Climate Characteristics The climate conditions in project areas belonging to Hanoi climate. The data below is collected in Hanoi Year Book Statistics 2005 23 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t 3.1.2.1 Temperature From May to October, the weather is hot and humid, average temperature is 30oC. Rainy season drag out from April to October. From November to April, the weather is cold with temperature from 10oC to 15oC. The monthly temperature, maximum and minimum temperature in Hanoi at Lang Meteorological Monitoring Stations are shown in Figure 3.1; Figure 3.2; Figure 3.3. T r ¹ m L ¸ n g 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 II III IV V V I V II V III IX X X I X II Figure 3.1 Diagram of average Monthly Temperatures in Hanoi T r ¹ m L ¸ n g 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 II III IV V V I V II V III IX X XI XII Figure 3.2 Diagram of maximum average temperature in Hanoi T r¹ m L ¸ n g 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 II III IV V V I V II V III IX X XI XII Figure 3.3 Diagram of minimum average Temperature in Hanoi 3.1.2.2 Humidity + Annual average humidity: 83.0 % 24 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t 88 86 84 82 80 78 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII 1) + Average relative humidity of months in Hanoi is showed in Figure 3.4 Figure 3.4 Average relative humidity of months in Hanoi 3.1.2.3 Solar Radiation + Total annual sunny hours: 1,464.6 h/year + Total annual solar radiation: 109.4 kcal/ha + Total annual foggy days: 11.7 days/year Monthly average sunny hours are showed in Figure 3.5. 25 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Figure 3.5 Monthly average sunny hours in Hanoi 3.1.2.4 Wind At project area + The main direction of wind flows in Winter: North-East, + The main direction of wind flows in Summer: South-East, There are two major factors influence the wind direction: air pressure form and topographical features. When the high air pressure system highly operates, seasonal wind penetrates from the North direction. In January, this direction represents the probability of 40% - 50%. Meanwhile, the South - South East represents for that of 20% - 30%. In the end of winter, the North probability begins going down. In April, the probability from Northwest to Northeast is no more than 10% - 15%, whereas, the East and Southeast dominates with the probability of 50% - 60%. At the same time, the South direction shares 10% - 20%. The average wind speed in Hanoi is given in Figure 3.6. 26 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t I 4 XII II 3 XI 2 III 1 X 0 IV IX V VIII VI VII Figure 3.6 Diagram of Monthly Average Velocity of Wind in Hanoi 3.1.2.5 Tropical Storm Storms occur frequently in Hanoi from June to October. The maximum wind velocity can attain 20m/s, sometimes 40 m/s. Storms bring about generally rains during 1-2 days, sometimes 5-6 days. Rainfall can be more 200mm. Storm frequency in Hanoi is indicated in Figure 3.7. Figure 3.7 Diagram of The storm frequency in Hanoi 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 Hanoi 0 IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII 3.1.2.6 Rainfall and Evaporation The rain season in Hanoi is from April to October. Annual average rainfall is 1676.2 mm. The total rainy days are 142 in a year (Figure 3.8). The total average evaporation in Hanoi is showed in Figure 3.9 27 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t 400 300 200 100 0 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Figure 3.8 Yearly and monthly average rainfall in Hanoi Figure 3.9 Total Mean monthly evaporation in Hanoi 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII 3.1.2.7 Stability of Atmosphere Stability of atmosphere determinates by wind speed and solar radiation in day and cloudiness at night. In the project area, annual average cloudiness is approximate of 7.5/10. The most cloudy period is in the end of winter, among most cloudy month is Mars with average cloudiness of 9/10, less cloudy months is 4 months at the end of year, so minimum cloudy months is October and November with their cloudiness is 6/10. Classification of Stability Atmosphere is shown in Table 3.1 Table 3.1 Classification of Stability Atmosphere (Pasquill) Solar Radiation Cloud at night Strong (The Medium The Low The height of height of height of Few cloud Much cloud the sun > the sun 35 the sun 15 (< 4/8) ( > 4/8) 60) - 60) - 60) < 2 A A ­ B B - - 2 ­ 3 A ­ B B C E F 28 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t 3 ­ 5 B B ­ C C D E 5 ­ 6 C C ­ D D D D >6 C D D D D Note: A: Instability D: Neutral B: Instability at medium level B: Stability at medium level C: Instability at low level F: Stability A, B, C level occur in instability atmosphere condition. Thus, it doesn't need to calculate and design the pollution treatment system for the stability and unfavorable atmosphere condition (F). For proposed project area, the stability atmosphere is E, F at night. In sunny day and wind speed, the stability atmosphere is A-B, B and the cloudy day is C. 3.1.3 Geological and Topography Conditions 3.1.3.1 Topography Conditions 1) The topography of "The Culturally Communicated City" area is rather flat. The height of CT1 is changed from 5.2 to 6.4 and 6.04 to 7.04 for CT6. This is the low, flat delta which is separated by small canals. 3.1.3.2 Geological Features According to the Report on Geology prepared by Hanoi Urban Development Investment Consultation Stock Company in July, 2006, the geology of the sites could be described as follows: CT 1 sites: Layer 1: the depth of 0.6~0.8m, consist of soil mixed leaft and substances, then not sampling for examination Layer 2: the depth of 5.3~7.5m, mainly consist of mixed clay and tiny of oxide residues, color of yellow-grey and spotted brown-red, viscous and hard status. The limited stress Ro = 1.0 kg/cm2 Total module of deformation Eo = 185 kg/cm2 Layer 3: the depth of 6.0~7.9m, mainly consists of mixed clay, pink bronze and spotted yellow, haft - hard status. The limited stress Ro = 1.4 kg/cm2 Total module of deformation Eo = 210 kg/cm2 29 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Layer 4: the depth of 6.0~7.2m, mainly consists of dusty sand with color of brown- grey and yellow-grey mixed gray, rather hard status. The limited stress Ro = 1. 3kg/cm2 Total module of deformation Eo = 100 kg/cm2 Layer 5: the depth of 8.9~12m, consists of grit mixed light sand, grey-yellow grey, hard status. The limited stress Ro = 1.8 kg/cm2 Total module of deformation Eo = 135 kg/cm2 Layer 6: the depth of 2.1~3.1m, consists of mostly grit, sand-mixed-gravel, multicolor, tight status. The limited stress Ro = 5.0 kg/cm2 Total module of deformation Eo = 400 kg/cm2 Layer 7: the depth of 1.5~3.9m, consists of pebbles mixed sand, yellow-grey and brown-grey, tight and very tight status. The limited stress Ro = 3.0 kg/cm2 Total module of deformation Eo = 270 kg/cm2 Layer 8: depth of 0.9~2.5m, consists of gravel mixed sand, multicolored, very tight status. The limited stress Ro = 5.0 kg/cm2 Total module of deformation Eo = 400 kg/cm2 Layer 9: the depth of 1.9~3.5m, consists of almost pebble mixed medium sand, grey-yellow and brown-yellow, tight status The limited stress Ro = 2.3 kg/cm2 Total module of deformation Eo = 200 kg/cm2 Layer 10: the depth of 4.9~5.8m, consists of almost pebble mixed sand, multicolor, very tight status The limited stress Ro = 5.0 kg/cm2 Total module of deformation Eo = 400 kg/cm2 Layer 11: the depth of 0.8~2.8m, consists of almost minimum sand, grey-yellow 30 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t and brown-yellow, tight and very tight status The limited stress Ro = 2.8 kg/cm2 Total module of deformation Eo = 220 kg/cm2 Layer 12: none of determine the depth, consists of almost pebble mixed sand, multicolor, very tight status The limited stress Ro = 5.0 kg/cm2 Total module of deformation Eo = 400 kg/cm2 CT6 site Layer 1: the depth of 1~1.3m, consist of soil mixed leaft and substances, then not sampling for examination Layer 2: the depth of 4.2~7.5m, mainly consist of oxide residues mixed clay, color of grey-brown, grey-yellow and grey-green, viscous and hard status. The limited stress Ro = 1.0 kg/cm2 Total module of deformation Eo = 185 kg/cm2 Layer 3: the depth of 10.1m, mainly consists of mixed clay, grey, grey-brown and bronze, soft plastic - flexible plastic status. The limited stress Ro = 0.4 kg/cm2 Total module of deformation Eo = 30 kg/cm2 Layer 4: the depth of 6.9~16m, mainly consists of sand mixed clay, brown-grey, yellow-grey, green-grey and spotted red brown, soft plastic and hard plastic status. The limited stress Ro = 1. 3kg/cm2 Total module of deformation Eo = 210 kg/cm2 Layer 5: the depth of 11.4~13.1m, consists of fine sand, grey, grey-black, hard status. The limited stress Ro = 2.0 kg/cm2 Total module of deformation Eo = 165 kg/cm2 Layer 6: the depth of 1.6~2.3m, consists of mostly grit, gravel mixed medium sand, grey, grey-white, very tight status. 31 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t The limited stress Ro = 3.0 kg/cm2 Total module of deformation Eo = 270 kg/cm2 Layer 7: the depth of 2.9~3.0m, consists of pebbles mixed sand, multicolored, very tight status. The limited stress Ro = 5.0 kg/cm2 Total module of deformation Eo = 400 kg/cm2 Layer 8: depth of 1.5~1.7m, consists of gravel mixed minimum sand, grey, grey- whitr, very tight status. The limited stress Ro = 3.5 kg/cm2 Total module of deformation Eo = 300 kg/cm2 Layer 9: none of determination of depth, consists of almost pebble mixed sand, multicolor, very tight status The limited stress Ro = 5.0 kg/cm2 Total module of deformation Eo = 400 kg/cm2 3.1.4 Hydrographic Features The area of project is nearby Nhue river on the South and Red river on the North. So the area is influenced by the hydrographic features of both the rivers. The features can be described as follows. · Red river: Red river is the biggest one in the North of Vietnam. The hydrographic features of the river are as: - Area: 143,600 km2, - Water capacity: 118 km3, - Average output of the flow: 2,685 m3/s, - Annual rate of the flow: 26 l/s/km2, - Minimum output is in March and April. - Annual sediment output: 125 million tons. According to the data collected from 1957 onwards by the Hanoi Hydrographic Station, the Hydrographic Agency, the flow output of the Red river during dry season (from May to October) is 20-30% of the annual output. The maximum 32 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t speed of flood is not over 3m/s. It is about 2-2.5 m/s in average which usually occurs in July and August. In general, the water level of Red river at Hanoi is fluctuated very much between rain season and dry season. - In rain season, especially from July to September, the water level can be risen up to 10-12m. In particular, when the flood rate is 1%, the water level rises up 14m. This is a danger for Hanoi. - In dry season, the minimum water level is 2m usually occurring in March and April. · Nhue river is an irrigative system for inter-provinces including Hanoi, Ha Tay, Ha Nam (Tam Ha). The North of Nhue river borders with Red river, the West with Day river, the South with Chau Giang river. The total natural area of the basin is 107.530ha; the total population is three million people in 2000, and the all the rain water and waste water drain to the river. - According to the Announcement No. 557/TB-HCTN dated 14/12/1976 issued by the Ministry of Irrigation (now it is the Ministry of Agriculture and Countryside Development), the Nhue river system needs to carry out the following tasks: + Irrigating for the agricultural area in the irrigation system of Nhue river under the normal climate and weather; draining for Hanoi with the scale of 10 l/s/ha. + Resisting the waterlog in the years diverging freshets of Day river. + Supplying water for residents, industrial zones and improving the environment. - Nhue river is also the receipt of waste waters from Hanoi City, Ha Dong District, Van Dien, and residents locating along the banks of the river. - The flow output of the river is 150m3/s in rain season and 41m3/s in dry season. Water level of Nhue river in rain season at Ha Dong dam is about 5.20-5.77m. The hydrographic mechanism of Nhue river at area of Project is the same as the mechanism of the whole system of rivers. The height of the rice-field beside the banks of the river is 5.4 m. In rain season, when the water level rises up more 5.5 m, the overflow may occur in the area. 3.2 EXISTING LAND USE AND RESIDENT Land Use in the Culturally Communicated City. The total area is 108.23 ha. The status of the utilization is presented in the table as below. 33 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Table 3.2. Land Use Ind. Description Area Total area 108.23 (ha) 100 (%) 1 Road 1.07 0,98 2 Ponds, canals 6,41 5,92 3 Industrial enterprises 2,99 2,77 4 Fresh vegetables Company 5,26 4,86 5 Army base 0,52 0,48 6 Hostels 2,67 2,46 7 Residents 3,75 3,47 8 Brick-kiln 0,80 0,74 9 Trees fields 14,91 13,78 10 Rice field 67,40 62,28 11 Water station 0,014 0,012 12 Cemetery 1,16 1,07 13 Others 1,276 1,178 Land using status in CT1 and CT6 - The land of CT1 site is now a rice field. - The land of CT6 site has many small houses. The land utilization of CT1 and CT6 is shown in Fig. 3.1 and Fig. 3.2. 34 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Fig. 3.10 Land use of CT1 35 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Fig. 3.11 Land use of CT6 Residents As surveyed 6/2006, there are 210 households living in the area of the Culturally Communicated City area. Residents almost located in Dong Xa field of Mai Dich ward. 3.3 Existing Infrastructure of the Planned Area 3.3.1 Transportation System Because the progress of the Culturally Communicated City Project is slower than the CT1 and CT6 project, then it is necessary to build the a temporary road of 11 KW from Pham Van Dong Street to CT1 and CT6 sites 3.3.2 Electric Supply It is mentioned to construct a power line connecting Pham Van Dong Street to the sites since the progress of the Culturally Communicated City Project is slower than the CT1 and CT6 project. 3.3.3 Wastewater Drainage System and Water Supply System There are mostly not any water supplies, drainage system in the area of Project. - The households in the area almost use shallow well water. - None of rain water drainage and rain water flows naturally in irrigation systems. - Wastes are almost agricultural garbage which is burned and none of any garbage collection system. When getting start to construct CT1 and CT6, it needs to build a water supply line connecting from D200 in Pham Van Dong street to CT1 and CT6. 3.4 CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL RELICS There are no cultural and historical relics in this area. 3.5 SOCIAL-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Co Nhue Commune is located in the Southeast of the Nam Thang Long Urban Area, with the area of 615.2 ha and the population of 30,345 persons. Average income of 500,000 VND per month, minimum of 150,000 VND and maximum of 850,000 VND 36 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t As for the economics management, economic structure is progressively transferred in the direction of development of handicraft industry ­ trade and services ­ agriculture. The proportion is 63.5% - 28.4% - 8.1%. · Handicraft production Handicraft product value is estimated about 73.6 billion VND, in which the garment products are 51 billion VND. There are 50 garment shops and 300 shops trading on garment products in the Commune. The value of other handicraft industries is estimated as 22.6 billion, taking 29% of total value of the handicraft production. There are 200 woodworking shops, mechanical shops, etc. · Commerce and services: In 2005, trading activities have fast grown. Almost the households acquired agricultural land have been moving to service business, so the numbers of households doing small businesses are increasing as compared with the year 2005. There are 200 households doing businesses at central market, Hospital E market, and other market. There are about 300 households trading at bazaar, groceries, etc along Pham Van Dong and Hoang Quoc Viet streets. There are 500 households taking part in electronic equipments services, bicycles, motor bicycles, etc. The total trading value is about 32.9 billion VND that is 17.5% greater than that of the year 2003. · Agricultural production: In 2005, agricultural production copes with difficulties since 39.62 ha agricultural land has been acquired for implementing 5 projects. Other areas of agricultural production are affected by mousses, bird flu, etc. Paddy Rice: 100.8 ha Aquatic production: 21.56 ha Vegetables, flowers: 85.91 ha Others: 7.22 ha Average productivity is: 46,700 kg/ha The value of agricultural production is estimated as 9.24 billion VND that is 12.9% cut-off as compared with 2003. · Social culture: 37 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t - Training and education: The development of schools located in the area is maintained with the movement "training well and studying well ". In the academic year 2004-2005, there are 100% children going to schools. At primary schools: 100% of pupils pass grades. Both the school Co Nhue A and Co Nhue B hold the title "the national standard". There are 95% of the pupils passing the secondary schools in which 60% of them go to the state high schools. · Population ­ Family and Children * Population: In 2004, 349 babies was borned which is 1.15%, 0.34% less than that in 2003, of the total population of the area. * Children health care - 9.9% of the total children is malnourished that is 0.1 % less than 2003. - In 2004, the Commune has focused on health care program for disability children (163 children). Summer games and picnic trips for the children are organized to help the children to fall in line with each others. · Cultural ­ sporty activities: - The Commune radio works well with two programs in 90 minutes daily. The radio programs concentrate on propagation of the state policies, laws, and other political or international news. - Tens of films and music programs as well as popular music games are organized - Music clubs, soccer clubs, table tennis clubs, etc are managed and run well. Several popular movements are also organized. - The movement of all people united to build a new cultural life is developed widely. There are 98% of households registering for applying the modern living style and cultural household. · Security and defend - The movement of all people joined to preserve the nation is much considered. The Commune security unit are reinforced and improved. The co-operation 38 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t between security units of Communes in the region is to ensure the secure of the region. - The local defending activities are improved. The militia of the region is reinforced day by day to meet the tasks in the future. · Land management and sequences of construction In 2004, it has difficulties in the issuing the certificates for land use. However, 904 households are provided with the certificates and 500 with the adjustment of land map - In the year, there have been 113 illegal cases, in which of 97 unauthorized constructions, 12 no permission construction. 83 cases were punished. - The Commune's PC tries to invest in constructing the infrastructure and cultural sites which are used for residents. 4 construction sites was completed. 15 small construction projects are invested. In brief: - The climate features in the area of the project are the same as the Hanoi climate. - Structure of geology is quite stable. This is an advantage for constructing. - Hydrographic mechanism is influenced by the Red river and Nhue river. - The area of Project is agriculture land acquired by VIGEBA. - Socio-economics: the area is the suburb of Hanoi City with the mainly agriculture production. The profit from that is still low. For recent years, the economics of area is developed quickly so the living standard of people is improved. The infrastructure is invested to develop. - There are no historical relics in the region. - The water supply system is not completely built. The water supplied for resident is mainly explored from underground water source.. - There is no water drainage and wastes treatment system. The water drainage system is mainly based on the irrigation system. The agricultural irrigation system is quite good. 39 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Chapter 4 Existing Situation of Environmental Quality To have data support the environmental assessment at proposed project area, Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas (CEETIA) conducted monitoring the parameter such as air quality, water quality, noise and vibration quality, and survey public health at the proposed project area. 4.1 EXISTING SITUATION OF WATER ENVIRONMENT Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas conducted monitoring the existing water environmental situation at project area in June 2005 4.1.1 Monitoring contents · Surveying and studying the existing water sources in the area, hydrography features, water harvesting and water using, etc. · Studying and determining discharge sources · Selecting water sample position, analyzing water quality following water supply and wastewater standard. · Evaluating water quality based on the collecting and analyzing data 4.1.2 Method and Equipment to Analyze Water Quality The sampling, preserving and analysing of water and wastewater quality were followed present regulations in TCVN and ISO. Apart from parameters which can be defined at sites by portable equipment, analysis of other biochemical parameters are carried out in labs in accordance with present regulations of TCVN and ISO 40 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Table 4.1 Equipment for water monitoring and analyzing No Parameter Unit Equipment 1 Temperature, - Device of PHOX-930, Firm ELLE (England) turbidity, electrical Water sampler, Firm ELLE (England). conductivity (EC) 2 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l Oxygen-92, Firm WTW (Germany) (DO) 4 Heavy metal mg/l Atomic absorption spectrum equipment AAS-320, Firm PERKIN ELMER (USA). 5 pH - Device of UC-203, Firm CKC, Japan. 6 Biochemical mg/l Analysis box BOD5, Firm WTW, Germany. Oxygen Demand (BOD) 7 Chemical Oxygen mg/l COD Analyzer Model HC307, Firm CKC, Japan and Demand (COD) COD Reactor, Firm HACH USA 8 CH oil mg/l Spectrophotometer DR/2000, Firm HACH 9 Other chemical mg/l Palin Test ­ England parameters Chronomatographic device Model HP-6890, Firm HP-USA 10 Suspended Solid mg/l Warm Cabinet, Hinn Elektro, Germany; Electric scale Denver Instrument, American 11 Total Coliform MPN/ Warm cabinet ­ PAQUALAB 100ml Coliform countering facility SUNTEX, Model 560 Colo Microorganism growing cabinet Telstar, Model PV-100, Espana Analysing facility total Coliform, HACH US 4.1.3 Results of analyzing water quality · Analysis parameters: temperature, pH, SS, DO, COD, NO3, SO4 , Fe, etc. The 2- equipment using for monitoring is shown in Table 4.1. The sampling, preserving and analysing of water and wastewater quality were followed present regulations in TCVN and ISO 4.1.3.1 Surface water quality The results of sample analyzing is shown in Table 4.2 41 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Table 4.2 Analyzing results of surface water Place of sampling: SW1: Water sample in the field in CT1 SW2: Water sample in the pond in CT6 Time of sampling: 25 July, 2006 No Parameter Unit SW1 SW2 TCVN 5942-1995 (class B) 1 Temperature oC 23,5 22,5 Class A Class B 2 pH - 6,5 6,1 6,0 ­ 8,5 5,5 - 9 3 DO mg/l 5,5 5,9 6 2 4 SS mg/l 16 12 20 80 5 TDS mg/cm 231 206 - - 6 BOD5 mg/l 18 15 <4 < 25 7 COD mg/l 27 24 <10 < 35 8 Total nitrogen mg/l 6,1 6,6 - - 9 Total phosphogen mg/l 1,23 1,18 - - 10 Turbidity mg/l 245 227 - - 11 Coliform MPN/ 68 x 43 x 103 5.000 10.000 100ml 103 Note: TCVN 5942: surface water standard The results in table 4.2 show that some parameters of surface water quality SW1 and SW is higher class A, but lower class B compared as standard, only Coliform in both samples higher than allowance standard, class B. The reason of that surface water pollution is affect by the domestic wastewater around households in the area. 4.1.3.2 Underground Water Quality The analyzing results is shown in Table 4.3 Table 4.3 The results of analyzing underground water quality o Place of sampling : Figure 4.10, 4.11 42 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t + GW1: Shallow well water at CT1, Nguyen Van Cao, Dong xa, Co Nhue - Tu Liem, + GW2: Shallow well waterat Nguyen Van Chien, Dong Xa, Co Nhue - Tu Liem. +GW3: Shallow well water at CT6, Mr Nguyen Ngoc Sa, No304, Wood processing Hostel, Cau Dien - Tu Liem. +GW4: Shallow well water at CT6, Ms Van Thi Hoa, No314, Wood processing Hostel, Cau Dien - Tu Liem. o Time of sampling : 25/7/2006 N Parameter Unit GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 TCVN o 5944-1995 1 Temperature oC 20,6 20,7 19,4 19,6 - 2 pH - 6,1 6,15 5,8 5,75 6,5 - 8,5 3 SS NTU 4 4,6 3 3,2 20 4 TDS mg/l 124 127 110 112 750 - 1500 5 Hardness mg/l 63 62 51 52 300 - 500 CaCO3 6 DO mg/l 2,03 1,98 1,5 1,53 - 7 NO3 - mg/l 0,0096 0,0094 0,008 0,008 45 8 NH4 + mg/l 0,6 0,72 0,4 0,38 15 9 Turbidity mg/l 1,89 1,83 1,75 1,8 - 10 Fe mg/l 0,91 0,87 0,61 0,62 1 - 5 11 Mangan mg/l 0,62 0,68 0,7 0,72 0,1 - 0,5 12 Asen mg/l 0,005 0,0053 0,003 0,003 0.01 13 Coliform MPN/ 18 18 16 16 3 100ml Note: TCVN 5944-1995: ground water quality standard The survey results said that the underground water quality at the proposed project area has not polluted yet comparing with TCVN 5944-1995. This area has good underground water quality. But water sources have been polluted by Mn and coliforms. Thus, underground water at the area has to protect in operation period of the project 4.1.3.3 Wastewater o Place of sampling : + WW1: sample of discharge draignage in CT1. 43 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t +WW2: sample of discharge draignage in CT6, adjacent of Pham Van dong street, - Tu Liem o Time of sampling : 25, July, 2006 WW1 TCVN No Parameter Unit WW2 5945:1995 (CT1) (CT6) (class B) 1. pH - 6,8 7,3 5,5 ­ 9 2. TDS mg/l 524 578 - 3. BOD5 mg/l 125 144 50 4. COD mg/l 197 201 100 5. DO mg/l 1,73 1,89 2 6. SS mg/l 67 68 100 7. Total phosphogen mg/l 3,21 3,35 6 8. Total nitrogen mg/l 25,9 17,1 60 9. Cianua (CN) mg/l 0,087 0,08 0,1 10. Hg mg/l 0,041 0,046 0,05 Total coliforms MPN/ 78.000 72.000 10.000 11. 100ml TCVN 5945-1995: Industrial wastewater-discharge standard. The result present that most of parameter reach the standard except BOD5 and COD, DO, coliforms exceed standard. Through the survey, we find that the pollution caused by the wastewater of industry and dosmestic activities without treatment. 44 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Fig. 4.1 Location of water sampling 45 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t 4.2 AIR QUALITY AND NOISE SITUATION 4.2.1 Air Quality 4.2.1.1 Pollution Sources and Parameters Monitoring Air Pollution Sources in the project area including: - Dust and toxic gases emission from transport activities. - Dust and toxic gases emission from domestic activities of citizens (cooking). The assessment the air quality situation in the project area was conducted by investigate the emission sources, the topography of the area. SENA was monitored and measured to evaluate the air quality at project area in Nov 2005. The parameter of air quality is monitored including: · Microclimate parameters · SPM, toxic gases: CO. SO2. NO2 4.2.1.2 Method and Equipments for Monitoring Air Quality · Monitoring method - Meteorological parameters (t, v. p. wind direction), suspended particle matters and toxic gases is monitored in the day time - The taking sample following Vietnamese Standard TCVN 1995 (dust ­ TCVN 5067- 1995; SO2- TCVN 5971-1995; CO - TCVN 5972-1995; NO2 - TCVN 6137-1995). Monitoring equipments are shown in table 4.4 Table 4.4 Air Quality Monitoring and Analysing Equipment No Parameter Unit Equipment 1 Temperature oC Thermo anemometer Type 4500. TESTO (Ph¸p-§øc) 2 Humidity % Thermo hygrometer Type 4510. TESTO (Ph¸p - §øc) 3 Wind velocity m/s Thermo hygrometer Type 4510. TESTO (v) Thermo anemometer Type 4500. TESTO 4 Atmosphere mmbar Atmosphere Equipment of Russian and Germany (Pkq) 5 SPM mg/m3 Digital dust Measure: Digital Dust Indicator ModelP5- 46 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t H2.SIBATA (Japan); Low Volum Air Sampler. Model SL-30. SIBATA (Jp) Air Sampler Anderson. Model AN-200. SIBATA.; Gelman (USA); Filtered Paper Gelman USA 6 CO. SO2. NO2 mg/m3 Air sampling pump: Model MP-6037. SIBATA; Air measure CO2 : Model RI-411A. RIKEN KEIKI (Japan); Toxic gas measure: Model GX-86. RIKEN KEIKI (Japan); UV-VIS Spectrophotometer. Model HP-8453. HEWLETT PACKARD (USA); Chronomatographic device: Model HP-6890. HEWLETT PACKARD (USA); Atomic absorption spectrum equipment (AAS); PERKIN ELMER (USA); Sampling equipment CASELLA. Model AFC 124; air sampling equipment H5-7. Japan; Toxic gases absorption cabinet, LABCONCO (USA). 4.2.1.3 The results of monitoring · The monitoring results is shown in table 4.5 Table 4.5 The Climate parameters at the project area Time Wind Wind Velocity Temperature Humidity P Direction V (m/s) t (oC) (%) (mbar) CT1 08h00 - 09h00 NE 2,12 34,6 65,4 1034 09h00 - 10h00 NE 2,50 35 65,7 1034 10h00 - 11h00 NE 2,14 35,4 66,1 1034 11h00 - 12h00 NE 1,42 36 66,3 1034 Average NE 2,05 35,3 65,8 1034 CT6 08h00 - 09h00 SE 0,5 31,2 60,9 1034 09h00 - 10h00 SE 0,48 31,5 61,4 1034 10h00 - 11h00 SE 0,53 31,8 62 1034 11h00 - 12h00 SE 0,56 32 61,5 1034 Average SE 0,52 31,6 61,5 1034 The monitoring results of air quality and toxic gas concentration at the project area (CO. SO2. NO2and SPM) are shown in table 4.6 Table 4.6 Average concentration of toxic gases · Location of monitoring 47 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t A1 ­ The North of the project area A2 ­ In the East of the project area A3 ­ The West of the project area A4 ­ Centre of the project area A5 ­ The North of the project area A6 ­ In the centre of the project area A7 ­ The West of the project area A8 ­ In the South of the project area Time of location: 26 July, 2006 CO Dust Location NO2 SO2 NH3 (mg/m3) (mg/m3) (mg/m3) mg/m3 (mg/m3) CT1 A1 0,01 0,01 2 1,0 0,009 A2 0,01 0,01 1,98 1,0 à0,032 A3 0,01 0,01 1,97 0,98 0,01 A4 0,01 0,01 2 1,0 0,009 CT6 A5 0,01 0,01 0,01 2 0,092 A6 0,009 0,01 0,012 2 0,01 A7 0,011 0,01 0,015 1,97 0,014 A8 0,01 0,01 0,014 1,96 0,09 TCVN 5937- 1995 0,4 0,5 40 - 0,3 TCVN 5938 ­ - - - 0,2 - 1995 Note: TCVN 5937-1995: standard of Ambient air quality. TCVN 5938 ­ 1995: allowed Maximum concentration of the toxic gas in the air - At the all monitoring location, the parameters is lower than the permissible values - The concentration of dust at A7, A8 is approximately permissible values because the locations is nearby the road then it is affected by the dust of transportation. In general, the air quality at the proposed project area is relatively clean. 4.2.2 Noise 4.2.2.1 Noise sources 48 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t The major noise source in the proposed project area was emitted from living activities and transportation activities. 4.2.2.2 The Parameters, Method and Monitoring Equipments · The parameter The following parameters were measured for noise levels are as follows: 1 Equivalent noise level. LAeq. dBA. 2 Median noise level. LA50 . dBA. 3 Maximum noise level. LAMax. dBA. · Monitoring Method and equipment TCVN 5964 - 1995 and ISO used measure method of noise level. The high of measured point is 1.5m. Monitoring frequency was carried out three times per one hour LAeq (dBA). The monitoring and analyzing equipments are shown in Table 4.7 Table 4.7 The monitoring and analyzing equipments No Parameter Unit Equipment 1 LAeq. LAmax. LA50 dBA Integrating Sound Level Meter. Type NL- 04. RION Co.. Ltd. Japan. 2 LAeq. LAmax. LA50 dBA Sound Level Meter. RION Co.. Ltd. Japan. 4.2.2.3 Monitoring Result of Noise Levels The average noise value at the project area is shown in table 4.8 Table 4.8 The average noise value at the project area Monitoring location Noise level (dBA) LAeq LAmax LA50 N1- The North of the project area, CT1 56,9 63,5 54,8 N2- The East of the project area, CT1 72,5 87,3 60,9 N3- The West of the project area, CT1 54,8 61,2 52,3 N4: The Central of the project area, CT1 55,2 62,3 53,6 N5- The North of the project area, CT6 46,5 55,7 42,3 49 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t N6- Center of the project area, CT6 45,7 54,5 41,1 N7- The West of the project area, CT6 46,3 55,4 42,1 N8: The South of the project area, CT6 46,4 55,5 42,4 Table 4.9 Vietnamese Standard TCVN 5949 -1998 (Max permissible level in public and residential areas) Unit: dBA Area Location From From From No. 6:00 ­ 18:00 ­ 22:00 ­ 18:00 22:00 6:00 Special areas where required 1 very quite: Hospitals, Library, Health care centers, 50 45 40 Kindergartens, Schools... 2 Residents, Hotels, Restaurants, Office buildings ... 60 55 50 3 Residential areas mixed commercial areas and industries 75 70 50 Base on the data and Vietnamese Standard, the noise level at monitoring location compare with standard as follow: N1,3,4: Equivalent noise level is lower than permissible value following Vietnamese Standard TCVN 5949-1998 for resident area (area 2) N2: Equivalent noise level is higher than permissible value following Vietnamese Standard TCVN 5949-1998 with 72,5 - 60 = 12,5 dBA, Because that location is nearby Pham Van Dong street then it is affected by the noise from transport. At the location has high density transportation activities, the noise level is higher than permissible value N5,6,7,8 : Equivalent noise level is lower than permissible value following Vietnamese Standard TCVN 5949-1998. 50 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Fig. 4.2 Location of air and noise sampling CT1 51 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Fig. 4.2 Location of air and noise sampling CT1 4.3 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT As the statistic data, the solid waste sources of Hanoi and Tu Liem district is variety. Quantity of solid waste is increased from the industrial development and population growth. The main source of solid waste is domestic waste, industrial waste, hospital waste and solid waste from agriculture activities. The density of solid waste sources in Hanoi is 0,195/km2 and has increased 20 times comparing with the average level of country. It said that the amount of solid waste of Hanoi is increased very fast from 8% to 10%/year. In recent two years, the domestic waste is generated daily about 1.700 ton/day and equivalent with 3000m3, in which the project areas occur from 3.8 to 4.0 ton/day with their content vary every season, every day. Recently, the plastic content is increased and this is challenged to protect environment. Now, the amount of solid waste per person is from 0.4 to 0.6kg/day. The collection of solid waste is implemented by Hanoi Urban Environmental Company for urban area. In suburban districts, solid waste is collected by enterprise which is controlled under District People Committee. The solid waste in the project area is collected by Tu liem Urban Environmental 52 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Enterprise and then solid waste is transported from Hanoi to Nam Son landfill - Soc Son 4.3.1 Domestic solid waste The quantity of domestic solid waste in the project area depends on households and be determined as follow · In Commune and hamlet The volume of solid waste per day is about 0.4kg/day.per. The fresh waste is 0.423-0.53 ton/m3. In domestic solid waste has large organic content and high moisture with sand, gravel, and brick. · In office The volume of solid waste per day is about 0.3kg/day.per. The fresh waste is 0.22 ton/m3. The component and characteristic of solid waste is shown in table 4.11 Table 4.10 Measure and analyzed equipments of solid waste Parameter Equipment Solid waste analysis Incinerator, Model 51LM-312. LINN. Electric Scale YS-110. CHYO-YMC. Temperature, moisture equipment. Model SK-RHG. SATO. Japan Grinder, LINN. Ger. Table 4.11 Physical Composition the Domestic Wastes in the project area Location of sampling: Place of garbage disposal in CT6 Time of sampling: 26 July, 2006 No. Composition Content 1 Organic waste 50.3 % 2 Paper 2.70 % 3 Timbers, rags 6.30 % 4 Plastics, Rubbers, leather 0.70 % 5 Bones, shells 1.00 % 6 Glass 7.70 % 7 Bricks, stones 7.40 % 8 Metal, tin cans 1.00 % 53 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t 9 Sand and Dust Size<10mm 22.6 % 10 Moisture content 50 % 11 860 kcal/kg The analysis results said that the component and characteristic of solid waste in the project area is rural characteristics. Ratio of organic waste is high with 50-60%. Solid waste is moisture with high natural waste from 0.42-0.45ton/m3 and has hazardous matters such as: battery, metal, and pesticide. There are high ratio of construction waste in the solid waste. Domestic waste has water content with 50%. Presently, almost domestic waste has not treatment 4.3.2 Solid Waste at Market In the project area, there is one market in each commune or hamlet. In market the solid waste is collected separately. However, the market solid waste is thrown into pond or lake in the area. Total of solid waste collection per day is 17.5 - 40 m3/day. The composition is the same with domestic waste. 4.3.3 Agriculture and Road waste Road waste including: + Erosion and the matter is eroded from surface of road + Paper and remain cigarette, excrement of cattle etc. + Leaves + Solid waste from agriculture activities Wastes from road are estimated from 0.5-1.8 m3/day. This solid waste is incinerated. Beside, in the project area there are double vault that make environmental pollution. 4.4 ECOSYSTEM · Flora The project area is suburban district where major life activities depend on agriculture. The flora in the project area clearly shows artificial features and occupy about quantity, variety and area. The agriculture plants are paddy and vegetable. This is the main flora and value plant. There are no special features on quality, productivity and quantity comparing with the other areas. However, the kind of this system is variety. Beside 54 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t of that the next area there is domestic ecosystem, and shadow tree system. The flora expresses the characteristic of "agriculture plant". In total 390 kind found in the project area there are 212 kinds belong crop plants with 60% of kind that is popular. The vegetation layer here is no special features on quality, productivity and quantity. Thus, it is replaced by high-rise building so there are no impacts on economic-environment of the area. For this reason, the urbanization of this area should create green area such as shadow tree, and flower etc in terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic system to respond the needs of economic-environment development. · Composition and Distribution of Micro-arthropoda - Collembola is representative of group lives in grass and soil (there are 13/49 species with 26.35% in total). In this area Lobella perfusuonides. Frisea sublimis. Folsomides exiguus. Dicranocentrus indicus are major and typical species. In the vacant land, the major species is Neanridae and Iotomidae with representative are: Brachystomella parvulla. Pseudachorutella sp. Proisotoma tenella. Cryptopygus thermophylus. Cryptopgus orientalis and Sphaeridia ap Average density of Collembola group is high. There are 50,000 insect/m2 in vacant land and field. In the garden the density of the insect is lower with 38,650 insect/m2. The density of insect in this area is higher than the other area in Red river delta (Hai Duong, Hung Yen, etc). - Acarina The different of species in the area is low. In general, the quantity of Acarina is high and distribute equal (from 12,350 insect/m2 to 35,750 insect/m2). The highest density is garden and lowest is vacant land. · Composition and distribution of earthworm and mesofana There are 20 kinds of Earthworm with 6 families and 11 species. The major is Meg¸colidea (11/20 in total) and major specie is Phererima (7/11 in total). The difference of quantity is distributed clearly, in garden of the households is highest (14 species); cultivated land is lower (11 species) and in vacant land is lowest (8 species). In which Pherentima posthuma and Dichogaster bolaui are two species that are distributed largely and found in every survey field. The earthworm distribution expresses the close relation with area' ecosystem. In the garden, there are many advantages condition to earthworm development. The density of earthworm is high with 175 and typical earthworm species are Ph. 55 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Elongata. Ph. Morrisi. Ph. Posthuma. In vacant land the species are fewer comparing with two other ecosystems. In this ecosystem there usually are Ph. Elongata. Ph. Posthuma. D. Bolaui. Larva group and insect group in soil (including variety representative of species, group and family) are not large (from 3850-5022 per m2). Because of lack data we have not classified the family, species but it only the quantity of species in ecosystem. · Insect species Insect in vegetation layer and soil of this area is Red river delta features. However the insect species are rich and difference with other area base on crops plants, garden and cultivated system. According to assessment, the insect system in this area has 158 species with 63 families and 10 groups. In which the harmful insects are 32 species with 13 families (Pyraiidae. Hesperridae. Noctuidae. Pentatomidae. Coreidae. Acrididae. Dictyphoridae. Jasidae. Delphacidae. Curculionidae. Phloeothripidae. Lymantridae. Eumolpidae). 6 sets (Lepidoptera. Hemiptera. Orthoptera. Homoptera. Coleoptera. Thysanopera). · Terrestrial vertebrate animal It is the same with flora system; the feature of fauna in the proposed project area is simple and poor. In which the major is small size animal such as rats and Muridae mouse family. There are no valuable animals that need to protect 4.5 PUBLIC HEALTH In general, the public health in project area has been concerned well by local authority. All clinics have one doctor and many experience nurses. This doctor is also the head of clinic. The clinics examine for 5416 people and give emergency aid for 54 patients. The xamine and treat medically are conducted well. There is not unfortunate case in this year. - 100% children and pregnant have been vaccinated. Organizing campaign for children under 5 years old taken A vitamin. - Examining the gynecology for women with 1,750 people, manage the pregnancy with 302 people (100%), take care after delivery with 286 (94%). - Managing and take care 25 patients of mental illness and 8 patients of tuberculosis. 56 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t - Cordinating to inspect environmetal sanitation and check the food safety for 60 trader in the area. Maintain the health examine program. Spraying chemicals to prevent birth flu. Conclusion: Environement quality in the area is quite clean, simple agriculture ecology. The underground water quality is good. However, the suface water quality is polluted by domestic waste with organic and nutrient. 57 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Chapter 5 Assessment of Environmental Impacts Caused by the Project 5.1 ASSESSMENT METHOD For this report, we have used the below method to assess environment. - Comparative method: use for to assess the impacts based on Vietnamese standard such as TCVN 1995, TCVN 1998 and TCVN 2001. - Synthetic method: use for assessment of environmental impacts on physical and social-economic conditions of the project following the decree No.175/CP - Conjecture method: Based on the data, experience and essence of project activities to physical and social ­ economic conditions to assess. - Test table: Based on the project features, the test table is constructed to determine impacts as well as the mitigation measure negative impacts. - Rapid assessment: The rapid assessment is proposed by WHO and applied in below cases: + Assess pollutant concentration in air emission and wastewater of the project + Assess the effect of preventative measures - Using synthetic method - Using experts and interview method 5.2 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE PROJECT CT1 and CT6 resettlement site project is a component of the HUTDP. This is an urban infrastructure project that brings the large significant for economic development in macro level. Therefore, this project has important role in education and social economic development for the area. The construction of resettlement site in "the Culturally Communicated City" is an initial preparation step for relocation of the DPs of HUTDP to support their life and work in peace and contentment before returning the land for City. This project is equality social characteristic and consensus in people. 58 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t However, in the process of implementation of the project, the negative impacts on environment is unavoidable. Thus, these impacts must be treated from setting up proposal period, investment report, planning design, and construction period to operation period in order to ensure the Resettlement Site is sustainable development. The environmetal impacts of the project are considered in this report including: - Impact on people activities because of changing land use - Impact on physical conditions such as: soil, water and air quality - Impact on drainage system for the proposed project area. - Impact on landscape - Impact on ecosystem - Impact on culture These impacts will be considered, analyzed and assessed with polluted level in each period of the project. It is the basis to propose mitigation measures. 5.3 THE POSITIVE IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT 5.3.1 Economic Benefits As mentioned above, CT1 and CT6 resettlement site project is a component of the HUTDP. This is an urban infrastructure project that brings high significant for economic development. In addition, with priority loan of IDA (if successful negotiation), this project will get an economic benefit with differential interest compared with loan from development support fund (4.8%/year) and priority fee of IDA 0.75%. The differential minimum is 27.3 billion VND. 5.3.2 Social Benefits In the same to developing coutries, the upgrading infrastruture to attract investment is the important and urgent requirement. Some transportation development and urban infrastruture projects may not be progressed or slowly progressed because of the resettlement problems. Therefore, the infrastruture and urban transportation are improved slowly lead to limit the investment. HUTDP is one of important project to develope and fulfilment transportation system of Hanoi City. Therefore, in order to contribute the success of the HUTDP project, it should be the completeness of CT1 and CT6 resettlement site Project 59 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t In addition, the possitive impact of the CT1 and CT6 project create an equitableness and consensus of the displaced people. 5.3.3 Improve Quality of life and Promote Economic Development HUTDP will affect 9 wards (Cong Vi, Vinh Phuc, Ngoc Khanh; Mai Dich, Nghia Do; Buoi, Xuan La, Nhat Tan and Phu Thuong), belonged to 3 districts Ba Dinh, Tay Ho and Cau Giay, and 3 communes/town (Mai Dich, Cau Dien, Phu Dien), belonged to 2 district (Tu Liem and Thanh Tri) of Ha Noi City and 2,534 households including: loss of shelter; loss a part of land tenure and farm land. When the HUTDP is implemented, 1,211 households must move (report no.24/VMPB on 03 Aug 2005 of Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development). The amount of residents is about 1/2 population of average ward. The creation of new resident area lead to arise many services in the area, create job and promote economic development. The resettlement site will be constructed synchronously with confortable apartment, fresh environemtn, and convenient transportation that is an improve quality of life for resettlement resident. 5.3.4 Political Significant of the Project Urban transportation developement is pratical activities to build a spacious, prosperous and contribute to completing the construction and devlopment planning of Capital in order to celebrate 1000 years foundation and carry out the Capital' ordinace on 28 Dec 2000 of National Assembly. The CT1 and CT6 project provides for the resettlement target of HUTDP which is big contribution for Capital target. The CT1 and CT6 resettlement project creates the stability, improve quality of life for a part of urban residents, guaruntees security for Capital. This project strengthen the urban resident beliefs with Communist Party and Government as well as Hanoi Authority and against the enemy sabotage Taking full advantage of the help of international friends, the support of NGOs and giant economic orgnizations is the practical activities in order to connect Vietnamese and international friend. As well as it is preparation step and lobby for creation Vietnamese role in the World. 5.3.5 Contribute for Hanoi City The constrution of the CT 1 and CT6 resettlement site for HUTDP at "the Cutrually Cmmunicated City" area meet the requirement as follow: Contribution for fulfillment of the urban infrastructure works and the plan of building the Capital following Master plan to year 2020. 60 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t The needs of housing, people activities and stable life of a part of urban resident, contribute to build a civilized resettlement site, elegant as the Hanoi traditional. Development of the housing fund of Hanoi city with 120,000 m2 Implementation of the initial step of "the culturally communicated city" project, that has progressed slowly 5.4 EVALUATE ARCHITECTURE PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION STANDARD 5.4.1 Selection of CT1, CT6 location for Project Advantage: - Having the natural condition with advantage on topography and meteorology - Locate in the area of high class urban with completely synchronous planning - None of any infrastructures then it will be easy to build new one with comprehensive facilities - The site clearance is a challenge in the building project, but CT1 site was presently moved out residents. Disadvantage: - CT6 has large amount of residents living then the site clearance will be prolong and delay the progress of project - Need the policies to support the resident in CT6 such as resettlement and training occupation because they have been changed the lifestyle caused by the urbanization including the building project. - Area of project has not yet infrastructures, thus it need to build prior to the connection pipeline to city's systems for most of water supply and drainages for project. 5.4.2 Evaluate planning and space development: 5.4.2.1 Evaluate layout planning and architecture landscape: - Master plan of the project area met the functions as: apartment, parking lot and green layer. - Construction density occupies 18,17-24% that is suitable with housing design standard 61 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t - Planning of building between green layers that creates a modern high rise building with open space, and fresh air Evaluate transportation system The transportation system will be organized well. Active transportation gives comfortable doe residents as well as ambulance, firefighting if there are problems. Inside building will be designed a static transportation to saving space and meet the required of buildings. Evaluate landscape and green layer This project asserts that green area is an important aspect of quality of life and landscape. Beside of green belt are located around building, the flower gardens are planted between buildings, and park is built for relax including grass, water tower and statue. Evaluate apartment This is design structure of a self - contained flat, adequate technique system to meet the domestic activities. The flat is designed according to trivialize with all the rooms is contacted with sunny. All the flat comply with Vietnamese construction standard TCXDVN 323:2004 "high-rise building - design standard" Evaluate vertical plane solution The vertical plane of the CT1 and CT6 resettlement site is studied with overall of the area and ensure the harmony. This work is designed with modern architecture style high tech social characteristic. The part of work is considered the aestheticisms and harmonization. The CT1 and CT6 resettlement site will create the highlight points for space of prolong passage of Hoang Quoc Viet Architecture style of this work is unification with all components of the project as well as the solid - empty combination art. 62 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Figure 5.1. Perspective of the CT1 and CT6 Resettlement site 5.4.2.2 Technic supporting works planning: Transport arrangement The dynamic transportation system consists of the internal roads with the width of 6m which connect all the buildings inside for convenient usage of people. Moreover, this is to make easy to move for the public services such as emergency service, fire-fighting service, etc if any problems may rise. The static transportation system is constructed almost inside the buildings; only a part of it is outside the buildings near the sides of the internal roads. · Green trees and landscapes arrangement Green trees and landscapes are of importance in residents today. Except the green tree clusters dispersing around high-rise buildings of sites, flower gardens with area of 2,900m2 each are arranged in the middle area of the buildings. Flower gardens are arranged with grass cover, benches, water taps and small sculptures for the elderly and children's leisure activities. The trees planted in the gardens are diversified. · Electric supply network - The power source is connected to the electric system of the Culturally Communicated City. For the time being, it is jointed with the medium line 10 KV in the East of Pham Van Dong Street. - The provision power source is the diesel generator. 5.5 ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS ON THE HUMAN LIFE: Environment impacts on human life mainly come from the site clearance. It cause the lost of land, change the human's lifestyle. Impact of project from the changing land use Because the change of land use from the agriculture to urban, many people lost their cultivation land lead to change in their occupation and lifestyle. That is the change which deeply affect on their life. Change on the ecosystem Change on the natural surfact: The area had used for agriculture then there are a lot of low lying land which have capacity to restrict water. When the project carry out with the construction of many works as concrete road, 63 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t building..., it means the land will not still be original status and easily lead to running off, watering log and flooding out the area. However, the project in operation with the new completely draignage will reduce that effects. Compensation policy and ocupation training: The base of the compensation policy for displaced people is regulated in the Decision 3528/QD-UB dated 13/9/1997 of Hanoi City's PC. The legal land if withdraw will be compensated according to regulation of State. The owners will be considered to receive new land and pay for cost based on the regulation. - For the agriculture land, people will be receive the compensation according to regulation of Hanoi city. Besides, the investor and Hanoi City's PC will support the freely occupation training to help them earn living with suitable job for their lives. - The displaced people who have legal home will be move to resettlements. Prior to resettlement-at- place to limit the change of their life. In sum, the compensation solution with the equality policy will make satisfy affected resident and in harmony with people. 5.6 ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE 5.6.1 Environmental Polution Sources Pre-construction phase - Impacts of site clearance - Dust pollution impacts directly on worker and around environment (residents, transportation, etc.) - Pollution generate from activities of worker who will work in construction site and construction machines (solid waste, wastewater). - Noise and vibration pollution generate from activities of vehicles and construction machines in site. - Labour safety: working at high level, transport, loading and uploading machines, electric using for construction, etc are risk of accident at work. 64 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t - Heating pollution by warming up bitum, transportation activities and construction machines, especially in hot weather. This pollution impacts on workers who work directly in site. - Gases emission from vehicles, construction machines. This pollution is not big but disperses in to around environment impacts on residents. - Public and worker health. This matter relates to working condition, working intensity, weather condition and environment quality However, during this period, the number of worker and working intensity in site are not much. Main problems are the impacts of clearance site, changing land use target, and air pollution by construction activities. These problems will be considered in detail in below chapter Construction phase - In construction phase, the major pollution sources are the same with the pre- construction phase, but the level is higher because of the quantity of worker, amount of materials, machines, and vehicles will increase in the site. However, by feature of construction building is not long, thus these impacts occur in limited area and temporary (these impacts will be disappeared after the project is in operation phase). The detail evaluation in scale and level of impact will be shown in below chapter. 5.6.2 Impact on Water Environment The construction period of the project the impacts on water environment may be excavation operation, cleaning water from construction machinery and transport vehicles, piling and grilling, etc. The sources impact on surface water and underground water. 5.6.2.1 Domestic Wastewater Workers at construction sites normally have to stay in temporary houses with insufficient infrastructure and necessary sanitation conditions. Therefore, wastewater and domestic waste badly affect on the living environment and surrounding water environment. Temporary camps are needed in the during construction period. For this project estimates 200 people working on site so this is the sufficient pollution source if not arrange the suitable solution. Domestic wastewater contents are residuals, suspended solids (SS), organic compound (BOD/COD), nutrients (N, P) and microorganism. On the basis of discharge standard per capita per day, pollution load can be calculated for all the workers on the sites as in the Table 5.1 65 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Calculation results show that if the temporary collection and treatment system are not provided, on a daily basis, there is a large amount of pollutants discharged into the environment. This is one of the major pollution sources that affect the living environment of the workers and surrounding residents resulting in epidemic diseases and ground water and surface water environment. Table 5.1 Pollution loads per day Pollutant Value Micro-organism Total load (kg./c/d) (g/c/d) (MPN/100ml) 200 people BOD5 45 - 54 9- 10,8 COD 72 - 102 14,4 - 20,4 TSS 70 - 145 14 - 29 Total N 6 - 12 1,2 - 2,4 Ammonia 2,4 - 4,8 0,48 -0,56 Total P 0,8 - 4,0 0,16 - 0,8 Total Coliform 106 - 109 2.108 - 2.1011 Feacal - 105 - 106 2.107 - 2.108 Helminth eggs - 103 2.105 A comparison between the cases where temporary wastewater collection and treatment systems (septic tanks) are/are not provided is present below. On the basis of pollution load and wastewater flow, concentration of pollutants in the domestic wastewater can be calculated as shown in the Table 5.2 Compared with concentration of major pollutant discharge into the river, lake (column B), domestic wastewater once treated in septic tanks show the excessive concentration of BOD5 of 1.7 -2.1 times, TSS of 1.3- 2.8 times. In case where wastewater is collected but not preliminarily treated, the content of BOD5 and TSS is 4.5 - 5.4 and 5.8 - 12 times higher respectively. As such, in case the flow is collected and directly discharges into rivers and channels, domestic wastewater discharged in construction period would be a pollution source of nutrients, organics and microorganism to surface water. In case all the black water is collected and transported to other places for treatment, it would be an ideal solution as it can help to minimize the impact of domestic wastewater to the water environment. Table 5.2 Concentration of pollutant in domestic water Pollutant Concentration (mg/l) 66 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Without Treatment in TCVN 6772 ­ 2000 treatment Septic Tanks (level 4) BOD5 225 - 270 85.5 - 102.6 50 SS 350 - 725 133 - 275.5 100 Total N 30 - 60 17.4 - 34.8 - Total P 4 - 20 2.32 - 11.6 - Micro-organism Concentration (mg/l) (MPN/100ml) Total Coliform 106 - 109 Feacal Coliform 105 - 106 Healthminth eggs 103 5.6.2.2 Runoff Runoff is the one of considerable pollution sources during construction. The amount of soil, sand, residuals, oil and grease grit, and scattered domestic waste is considerable. The content as well as kind of pollution depend upon on the features of the surface layer. Impacts from runoff conclude: - Oil grit is discharged freely, oil and grit mixed with runoff and dispersed to surrounding areas, affecting on the ecological system and causing pollution to water and land environment. - The surface layer is eroded casing accumulation in irrigation canals, ditch. - Content of nutrients, organics in the runoff is considerable, easily causing eutrophication and organic pollution in channels and lakes, especially the eutrophication. However, pollution level and features of the runoff can be controlled by the suitable organization, management and construction methods. 5.6.2.3 Wastewater from Construction Activities Wastewater generated during construction comprises grit, sand, and construction materials. Wastewater from construction activities contained lime, cement, and mortar will cause in the increase of pH, eutrophication, leading the impacts to aquatic life and polluting surface water. 5.6.2.4 Impacts on Underground Water Quality due to Piling and Grilling The required drilling and piling for exploitation of supply water may impact to the strata and ground water quality. Moreover, if technical measures are not followed 67 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t and progress cannot be pushed up, wastewater and runoff would infiltrate and cause bad impacts to groundwater. Especially, this will be also the water supply source for water supply factory and for resident around area in future. The level of impacts depends on the compliance with the executing methods for works and would be minimized if those comply with strictly treatment solution 5.6.3 Impacts on Air Environment During the construction, the site clearance and infrastructures construction such as: electric system, water supply and drainage system, road system, and material loading and unloading, all will cause dust air born. These works are implemented by manual or combine using modern machines The above activities produced dust and gases emission from construction machines and vehicles 5.6.3.1 Dust Pollution in Construction phase Dust produced by construction suspends in the air, if it is inhaled by constructors and surrounding residents, will caused all kinds of diseases on respiratory tract. A large quantity of disease-spreading bacteria in dust will infect other diseases and seriously affect on health of constructors and surrounding residents. Moreover, dust can stick on trees that prevents the photosynthetic and growing of trees. In construction phase, for level and intensity impacts, the dust is major cause of air pollution. Dust generates during construction and infrastructure construction activities, especially in level the ground, foundation works, road works, excavated and install water pine and drainage system, etc. The volume of dust is different and changed under wind direction and velocity in the area, the moisture of soil, temperature, and progress and construction activities in the site. Based on technique aspect, the dust pollution sources in this period are surface pollution source, with high fluctuation, cause of pollution air environment. It is very difficult to control and treatment, and determine the polluted concentration. However, this source is the low dispersion and far resident area. Thus, the dust pollution impacts on worker and people on the road. The level impact depends on the construction organization and comply the construction standards. 5.6.3.2 Polluted gases emission of construction machines There are many types of equipment and machines operating in the construction site. Beside of that, the numbers of materials transport will increase transport flow in the project area. Operation of the equipment and vehicles generate pollutants such as: dust, SOx, NOx, CO, CO2, THC, RHO, and noise, etc. 68 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t The transportation pollution level depends on road quality, density, flow of vehicles, vehicles quality and their fueling volume. Concentration of pollutants are calculated on the base of "polluted coefficient" set up by US EPA and World Health Organization are shown in Table 5.3, 5.4, 5.5 Table 5.3 Pollutant concentration of vehicles using gasoline when travel 1km Concentration (g/km) Pollutant Engine < 1400 cc Engine < 1400-2000 Engine > 2000 cc cc Dust 0.07 0.07 0.07 SO2 1.9 S 2.22 S 2.74 S NO2 1.64 1.87 2.25 CO 45.6 45.6 45.6 VOC 3.86 3.86 3.86 Pb 0.13 P 0.15 P 0.19 P Note: - S content of sulfur in gasoline (%) - P content of lead in fuel (gasoline: max 0,4 g/l. oil: 0 mg/l) Table 5.4 Pollutant concentration of motorbike using gasoline when travel 1km Concentration (g/km) Pollutant < 50 cc, 2 strokes > 50 cc, 2 strokes 50 cc, 4 stroke Dust 0.12 0.12 0.12 SO2 0.36 S 0.6 S 0.76 S NO2 0.05 0.08 0.3 CO 10 22 20 VOC 6 15 3 Note: - S: content of sulfur in gasoline (%) - A car consumes gasoline with 1000 litters generates into environment: 291 kg CO, 11,3 kg NOx, 0,4 kg Aldehyde, 33,2 kg Hydrocarbon (THC), 0,9 kg SO2, 0,25 kg Pb. In construction process, it is estimated total materials and equipment are carried with 1.000 ton/day. Using the truck with capacity 12 ton and 16 ton that will 69 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t transport 14 ton/time and there are 70 times vehicles enter and exit in the site per day. Concentration of dust, SO2, NOx and THC are generated at site including: Dust : 0,03 kg CO : 0,09 kg SO2 : 0,04 kg VOC : 0,024 kg NO2 : 0,04 kg Table 5.5 Pollutant concentration of truck when travel 1km Pollutant concentration with loading capacity (g/km) Pollutant Loading capacity < 3.5 ton Loading capacity 3.5 - 16 ton Inside Outside Inside Outside city City Highway city City Highway Dust 0.2 0.15 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.9 SO2 1.16 S 0.84 S 1.3 S 4.29 S 4.15 S 4.15 S NO2 0.7 0.55 1.0 1.18 1.44 1.44 CO 1.0 0.85 1.25 6.0 2.9 2.9 VOC 0.15 0.4 0.4 2.6 0.8 0.8 The gases emission sources are low source, the dispersion capacity is less, thus the pollution scale is limited and the major impact on workers who are working in the site and people on the road. 5.6.3.3 Gases Emission from other Activities Beside of dust pollution by operation of machines and vehicles, there are pollution from welding and metal cut. The major pollutants of the welding is welding smoke, gases as CO and NOx, etc. Impacted scale of this source is small. It impacts directly on worker. The polluted level is inconsiderable if it is complied strictly with labour protection regulations. Table 5.6 Polluted coefficient of welding gases or metal cut by gas (g/Fe2O3/ lit O2) Type of gas welding The thickness of metal Polluted coefficient plate Axetylen < 5 mm 3 > 5 mm 5 Propane < 5 mm 2 5-20 mm 3 > 20 mm 4 70 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Table 5.7 Polluted coefficient of electric welding Pollutants Welding diameter(mm) (mg/welding rod) 2.5 3.25 4 5 6 Welding gas 288 508 706 1.100 1.578 CO 10 15 25 35 50 NOx 12 20 30 45 70 In addition, the worker activities will impact on air quality directly or indirectly. The direct activities are oil, coal and waste burning. The indirect activities are disposal pf solid waste and domestic waste into the environment. Disintegration of waste generates bad smell and polluted gases such as NH3, H2S, etc. 5.6.3.4 Noise and Vibration Impacts In this phase, there are the big amount of worker, vehicles and construction machine that operate in the construction site. Noise source generates from truck activities, bulldozer, excavator operation, and worker activities, etc. However, the major of noise source are vehicles activities in the site (table 5.8) Table 5.8 Maximum permissible of vehicles No Name of vehicles Maximum value 1 The truck capacity with 3.5 ton 85 2 The truck capacity over 3.5 ton 87 3 The heavy truck with power over 150 KW 88 4 Bulldozer, heavy-duty truck 90 Source: Vietnamese Standard - Volume II - 1995. - During the construction phase the operation and gather of vehicles will create the noise pollution. However, the around construction site is empty so the noise pollution doesn't affect residents. The noise pollution only impacts on workers who are working directly in the site. - The vibration generates from activities of construction machines, the major source is piling activity. However the number of machines that create vibration is less and not continuous. Beside of that, there are not sensitive receptors around the site, so the vibration pollution can be inconsiderable. . - During the fill piling period can be create vibration that damage around works nearby the site. As the experience, in the drilling time the put steel and concrete generate small vibration without impact on around area. But the plug and withdraw 71 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t drilling orient tube can be create big vibration and impact on near by works. The time to plug this tube is about 230 seconds and withdraw is 150 seconds. Therefore, in construction phase should concern this problem to avoid around area. 5.6.4 Impact of solid waste The construction process creates big amount of solid waste as sand, gravel, bottle, box cover, plastic bag, iron, wood, etc. These are the difficult disintegrated waste so the time affect is long. These wastes make soil pollution and can be cause of accident at work. Furthermore, there is the volume of domestic waste from camps. The domestic waste is not big in amount but they are easy break up that impact on environment. In fact, almost worker are less awareness of environmental protection. They always discharge solid waste without control that will make themselves environmental pollution and disease sources 5.6.5 Environmental Incident and Accident at Work Environmental incident In construction phase the danger of explosion and fire from matrerials such as: paint, fuel, oil etc, can be occured. If incident happens it will be the cause of loss person and property Accident at work - In construction time, because of harmful climate condition, high intensity of workers can impact on their health such as tired, dizzy, and faint - Installation, construction, and load of material with high density of vehicles can cause the accident at work, especially the working in high level. - The temporary electric system can cause of fire, electric shock. etc. - The high density of labour forces can cause the diseases for worker and impact on around area. Althought the possibility of environmental incident and accident at work are not high, its affects are very serious and relate to property and worker's life. 5.6.6 The other impacts During the construction phase, because of gather materials, capital and labour force with many kind of people will be easily lead to negative behaviors such as: thief, insecurity, etc. In addition it also generate the drinking, gambling situation and other social evils in construction camps and around area. 72 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t 5.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT DURING OPERATION PHASE 5.7.1 Pollution Sources during Operation Phase In operation phase of the project the major environmental sources are wastewater, air emission, smell and solid waste. Wastewater - Domestic wastewater: major pollutants are: SS, organics, N, P, BOD, bacterium - Runoff consists of organics, nutrients, especially the construction material drop or existing in the air is swept away by the rain water. Air emission and noise - It is generated from vehicles; wastewater treatment plan and wastewater pump station. Solid waste - The major source is domestic waste 5.7.2 Waste Water Impact on Environment 5.7.2.1 Domestic Wastewater Flow Domestic wastewater: major pollutants are: SS, organics, N, P, BOD, bacterium The resettlement site has 1,250 plat with total resident is about 5,000 people and average 4 people/flat. Domestic wastewater standard is 150l/person.day so volume of the resettlement is about 7500m3/day Content and pollution load The calculation of pollution load based on the discharge standard is shown in Table 5.1. The results of pollution load for the area is shown in table 5.9 and polluted concentration is shown in table 5.10 Table 5.9. Pollution loads per day Pollutant Value Micro-organism Total load (g/c/d) (MPN/100ml) (kg./c/d) BOD5 45 - 54 225 - 270 73 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t COD 72 - 102 360 - 510 TSS 70 - 145 350 - 725 Total N 6 - 12 30 - 60 Ammonia 2,4 - 4,8 14 - 24 Total P 0,8 - 4,0 4 -2 Total Coliform 9.109 - 9.1012 Feacal - 9.108 - 9.109 Helminth eggs - 9.106 Table 5.10 Concentration of pollutant in domestic water Concentration (mg/l) Pollutant Without treatment TCVN 5945 - 1995(column B) BOD5 225 - 270 50 SS 350 - 725 100 Total N 30 - 60 60 Total P 4 - 20 6 Micro-organism Concentration (mg/l) (MPN/100ml) Total Coliform 106 - 109 Feacal Coliform 105 - 106 Healthminth eggs 103 Impact levels The above data said that the wastewater is only collected without treatment so the polluted concentration is rise from 3-7.25 times comparing with allowance standard. Thus the wastewater impacts seriously on surface water, underground water and ecosystem. In addition, the wastewater without treated is cause of organic pollution, over nutrient and affect to water body receiver. However, this project will build the drainage system and centralization treatment station. All wastewater are collected and treated to reach Vietnamese Standard TCVN 5945-1995 (column B). Therefore, the domestic wastewater and wastewater impact on environment will be limited and met Vietnamese Environment Law required. 5.7.2.2 Impact on runoff 74 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t General evaluation Runoff is polluted sediment, organic, nutrient and bacterial. The runoff can be deposit and impact negatively on surface water quality, underground water, aquatic life and crops plants. The major pollutant of runoff is nutrients. In the project area (operation phase) the runoff is collected by separate system and discharge into lake and canal and then pump into Nhue River. Evaluate the nutrient situation when receive runoff The problem of runoff discharging into receiver water body is eutrophication. Normally, we use total phosphorus to evaluate the nutrient level (table 5.11). Nitrogen and phosphorus are determined the amount of runoff by data shown in table 5.11 Table 5.11 Parameters assess nutrient level Parameter Oligotrophic Mesotrophic Eutrophic (less nutrient) (average (rich nutrient) nutrient) TP. mg/m3 <10 10-20 >20 Total of Chlorophyl a. <4 5-10 >10 mg/m3 Transparency of Secchi. m >4 2-4 <2 Staturation of oxygen >80 10-80 <10 bottom.% Table 5.12 Nitrogen and Phosphorus in runoff kg/ha.year Substances Forest Agriculture Urban Rain water Nitrogen 3 (1.3 - 10.2) 5 (0.5 - 50) 5(1 -20) 24 Phosphorus 0.4 (0.01 - 0.5 (0.1 - 5) 1(0.1 - 10) 1 (0.05 - 5) 0.9) The project area is urban so the quantity of phosphorus and nitrogen is determined amount with 5 kg/ha and 1kg/ha. Therefore the quantities of Phosphorus and Nitrogen in runoff of the project area are: - Phosphorus : 3.63 hax1kg/ha.year = 3.63 kgP/year - Nitrogen : 3.63 hax 5kg/ha.year = 18.15 kgN/year. 75 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t The required of drain off water in Nhue river is 11.5m3/s, the quantity of P in Nhue river is less than 10 mg/m3. Therefore the runoff of the project area doesn't effect on Nhue River. However, the lake in the project area with amount of P is about 10mg/m3. In tropical condition, high radiation that is the cause of etrophication occurs in July yearly. 5.7.3 Noise and Vibration Impacts If get in contact with noise in long time and high level, it will impact on hearing ability of person. Noise pollution also effect on other part of people body such as nervous disorder, headache, and dizziness or uncomfortable. The noise pollution makes harmful effect on circulation system and digestion. In the resettlement site, beside of noise from domestic activities the noise generates from vehicles on the road that pass the area. The noise on the road is generated from the engine, horn and break of vehicles. Additionally, the noise is generated from friction between tire and surface of road, especially the vehicles increase or decrease speed. The noise intensity is increased by vehicles speed, and spread depends on distance to receptors and relative height of surface road. App. precise calculation of equivalent noise level LAeq (dBA) is based on the following equation: LAeq = LA + L Ai [dBA] of which: LA - equivalent of the vehicle flow in the standard condition (Standard condition comprise asphalt concrete road. straight. even. distance from nearest lanes from the center is 7m and is 1.2...1.5m from the ground; 50m from monitoring site. with no houses or reflex surface). L Ai - noise level adjustment coefficient in the actual condition which is different from standard condition. The results said the noise level is from 75-79 dBA and higher than permissible value TCVN 5949-1998 with 70 dBA for urban area. 76 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t 5.7.4 Impact on Air quality 5.7.4.1 Transportation activities The development of urban transportation is major of air pollution in this area. The transportation activities create pollutants such as: dust, noise, lead and toxic gases CO, SO2. NO2. At present, the gasoline lead is prohibited so the lead pollution is inconsiderable. Total people pass on this area forecast is 3,600 per/h. The vehicle flow enters or exit the site is 3000 times/h with motorbike; 100 times/h with bus; 200 times/h with bicycle; 200 times/h with car; and 100 times/h with truck. During the operation phase, the pollution level is calculated based on data in below table and calculation model applying for cross section of road. The pollutants are considered as: carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and hydro carbon. According to the decree 175/CP on 18/10/1994 of Government on enforce the Environmental Protection Law, the gas emission standard apply for vehicles are shown in below table. Table 5.13 Table 5.13 Gas Emission Standard for engine vehicles Pollutants Passenger Bus Truck Motorbike car CO (g/km) 65.0 87.0 67.0 12.0 NO2 (g/km) 8.5 10.2 10.5 2.5 HC (g/km) 6.0 7.1 7.1 5.0 Average concentration of gas generates from continuous source and perpendicular with wind direction that is calculated by Sutton: C = 0.8 E{exp [-(z + h)2 / 2z ] + exp[-(z - h)2 / 2z ]} / (zu) 2 2 In which: C ­ Concentration of pollutant (mg/m3) E ­ Volume of vehicle (mg/m.s) z ­ The height of impacted point (m) h ­ The height of surface road comparing with around area (m) z ­ Diffusive coefficient (m) u ­ Wind velocity (m/s) 77 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Calculation method based on the divide coordinate point with 3 m on vertical axis and 0.5 m on horizon axis. The concentration of pollutant is determined on the coordinate points. Selection the road study at the resettlement site is West East direction. In summer, main wind direction is the East South and in winter is the East North. The wind direction angle is 450 and velocity is 2.4m/s. The stability atmosphere is B level. Diffusive coefficient z depends on the diffusion of atmosphere. The initial diffusion is assumed ejection. The value of diffusive coefficient as horizon direction is calculated following Slade with the B level of stability atmosphere and distance with X(m) to pollution source: z = 0.53 X0.73 As the monitoring results the concentration of pollutants is low, except dust. The results said that concentration of CO and NO2 is lower than permissible value with TCVN 5937-1995 is corresponding 40 mg/m3 and 0.4 mg/m3. The sulfur dioxide gas is generated from combustion fuel contain S. The monitoring results said that sulfur dioxide emitted from car using gasoline is with 0.5 g/km, bus is with 0.775 g/km truck is with 1.8 g/km. For vehicle using diesel this gas is small. As a result, the concentration of sulfur dioxide is smaller tha other pollutants and their impacts in the study is inconsiderable The suspended particular matter (SPM) cannot calculate by any model because in fact SPM can accumulate on road or dispersion following wind direction. The dust pollution is generated from gases emission and vehicles operation. According to data from DRI Th¸i Lan (1992) said that vehicles using gasoline emit dust with 2.47 g/km at any speed and vehicles using diesel emit dust with 4.48g/km. The monitoring results said that the SPM on the urban road is approximately permissible value TCVN 5937-1995 with 0.3mg/m3. 5.6.4.2 Polluted Air Quality by Air Conditioner The using air conditioner to ensure the comfortable and need of people life activities but it creates the negative impacts on environment including: + Destroying aesthetic of the architecture building because of the disorder and not follow planning + Gas emission into environment increase temperature lead to heat pollution. + The leak out of gas from air condition lead to pollute atmosphere and impact on ozone layer. 78 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Therefore, EA group will propose mitigation measures for the designer to avoid negative impact when using air condition in this project (see below chapter). 5.7.5 Solid Waste Impacts The impacts of urban solid waste depend on 3 aspects: Collection capacity solid waste, if the amount of solid waste cannot collect it will be discharge into canal, pond, lake, and vacant land, etc. lead to pollute water environment, and air quality. Whether selection and treatment technology are suitable. Classification of solid waste complies with standard or not Composition of solid waste including: organic waste, papers, plastic, metal, other waste, etc. Solid waste comes from dormitory and resident houses. If the solid waste doesn't collect and treat appropriately it is harmful for environment. In environment solid waste is disintegrated or agglomerated lead to increase concentration of toxic organics and pollute water environment. This is the cause of bacteria development and diseases. According to planning of Hanoi city to year 2010 forecast the daily load of solid waste per person is 1 kg/per.day and 1.2 kg/per.day to year 2020. Therefore, during the operation phase, in the project area discharges about 6,000 kg/day. The amount of solid waste is colleted, treated and transported to Nam Son landfill in closed cycle by Hanoi Urban Environment Company. In addition the collection and transportation solid waste period will create bad smell and pathogen. There is the other solid waste source that is sludge of treatment station. If this solid waste doesn't treat and manage appropriately it is cause of pollution surface water, underground water and air quality. 5.7.6 Impact on Ecosystem It has not value flora and fauna and conservation area in the project scale. According to the document of the area, the ecosystem is North delta agriculture characteristic (as shown in chapter 3). Thus it doesn't have the value vegetation and animal to protect. The project operation will create positive impacts on ecosystem by green layer; park and open space that will be more developed. 5.7.7 Impact on Historical and Cultural Relics There are not any historical and cultural relics in the project area so the operation of the project does not relate this aspect. 79 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t 80 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Chapter 6 Mitigation Measures for Environmental Protection in the Project Area 6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION MITIGATION MEASURES IN PRE- CONSTRUCTION PHASE 6.1.1 Compensation for displaced people: CT1 site has been cleared by VIGEBA, CT6 has still amount of people living. In this phase, the change of land use, compensation and clearance site are very important and impact on social and peopele life. In order to mitigate the negative impacts, investor will implement below measures: 6.1.1.1 Compensation measures to agriculture land acquisition: The VIGEBA compensated the agriculture land acquisition following Hanoi people Committee policy. - Compensation for land - Compensation for farm products - Compensation for house and building materials - Payment for moving cost - Other expenses · Compensation for land CT6 has 12.015m2 housing land and 3.385m2 other civil land belong to Co Nhue Commune, Tu Liem District. The cost of compensation is determined based on the Decision 99/2004/QD-UB issued in 29/12/2004 as follows: - 6,000,000 VND for the land on the boundary of District, position of class II and road of class III - 3,250,000 VND for the non-agriculture land on the boundary of District, position of class II and road of class III 81 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Housing land 9.240 m2 x 6,000,000 VND/m2 Other civil land 6.160 m2 x 3,250,000 VND /m2 Support to development of 15.400 m2 x 200,000 VND /m2 infrastructures in local - Objectives of that compensation are the ones who have legal land owner - The Committee of Compensation and Site clearance will handle that compensation · Compensation for farm products: According to Decree of Government No197/2004ND-CP dated 03/12/2004 and Circular oF Ministry of finance No16/2004/TT-BTC dated 07/12/2004, cost of compensation for perennial plant in acquired land is 30,000 VND Cost for compensation of farm product present as follows Fruit tree 3.850 trees x 30,000 VND/m2 x 0,50 Cutting tree 3.850 trees x 10,000 VND/m2 x · Compensation for house and building materials: CT6 has about 4.670 m2 class II and IV class house. The value of that houses is calculated by 80%. Cost of compensation determined for all of house class is 2,000,000 VND/m2. The depreciation will be supported under Decision of Hanoi City's PC No 6/2005/QD-UB issued in 18/02/2005 Cost of compensation for house and building materials: Houses and building materials 4.679 m2 x 2,000,000 VND/m2 x 80% Support to Decree 197/2004ND-CP 4.679m2 x 300,000 VND/m2 x 60% Compensation policy : Based on Decision of Hanoi City's PC No 26/2005/QD- UB dated in 18/02/2005 Payment for moving cost Support to moving 205 x households x 3,000,000 VND x 80% Recompense for handover land on 185 x households x 300,000 VND x 60% schedule Support for beneficiary of social welfare 82 x people x 2,000,000 VND Total of compensation is 90.698.400.000 VND 6.1.1.2 Resettlement policy: 82 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Wholly displaced people in the CT6 will be resettled in new place under the policy of city. 6.1.2 Mitigate Negative Impacts in Site Clearance Phase Site clearance work Bomb and mine checking - In order to guarantee safety for the site, the investor will hire sappers to check bomb and mine in the area before conduct ground leveling. - Investor will comply strictly the technique regulation on the bomb and mine checking. Preparation the alternative options if the worst case occur. Ground leveling - The limited height of planning road is determined based on the elevation of drainage system in order to collect all rain water in the area. To determine the elevation of road at intersection, using the method that is the same with the water level at discharge mouth and hydraulic slope of sewerage combining with existing ground of resident area and other project. - The average elevation of ground in the project area is 7.03m. The elevation of project ground is 7.5m. Before to build foundation, the soil layer will dredge with 20 cm. The volume of soil excavation in project area is 2000m3. The volumne of soil to build foundation in the project area is 3000m3. - All the soil excavation will be collected and transported to landfill. The soil using for build foundation is sand that is explore from Red river. - The transportation of materials for excavation and buildding of foundation is transported by vehicles with cover and by URENCO. This issue must be given in the contract between Investor and Constructor that is the compulsory rule for Constructor. 6.2 THE MITIGATION MEASURES TO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE 6.2.1 Mitigation Measures for Temporary Camp of Worker in the Site During one year of construction period, the mitigation measures for temporary settle of worker in the site are very important. The project will apply all solutions in technique, management and education to minimine the negative impacts on social and environment. Improve the sanitation and environment condition of worker camp 83 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t - Investor requires the constructor build temporary camping for worker. The camp have to met the requirement such as: strength, airy, width, with bathroom and toilet. - Supply the fresh water for worker during the construction phase. - Hire the mobile toilet for worker. The black water is collected and treated by URENCO regularly. - Install temporary drainage sytem for camp. The grey water (bathing, washing, and kitchen water, etc.) is collected and discharge into canal. Avoid the stagnant around the camp. - Supply dustbin for worker camp, collected garbage and transported to land fill from 2-4days/time by URENCO regularly. - In each camp has the guidline on sanitation. All workers in the site are instructed for keep sanitation and comply with the rules Public health and safety labour - During the construction period, the medical worker and safety engineer are always in the site to guide, control and warn worker on sanitation, safety labour, and give emergency aid to the injured worker, etc. - Spray of disinfection for worker camp 2 - 4 weeks regularly - The safety labour options accompany with construction options. - The technique guidline is checked regularly - Equip the safety working clothing, safety gloves, safety helmet, safety belt, etc. - Equip the necessary equipment in incident case such as: water cabin, oxygen cylinder, etc. - Worker is classified following the career before working and guided on labour safety based on career. - Before working day, worker is checked and warned on safety at work. Worker have to sign commitment to implement strictly labour safety such as: wear safety belt when working at high possition, no pour solid waste into the ground, etc. - Install the sign light, alarm fire. It must check the leak of technique pile, and paint color to distinguish between fuel pile and steem pile, etc. - Install fan to prevent the danger area such as: transformer station, location of explosive materials, to light the areas have construction at night time. 84 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Management and mitigation measures to social problems - After receiving the land, it should install fan and light to protect the project area. Set up the security force. - Each worker has the ID card using for this project. - To forbid steal, drinking and gambling, and drug at site. - To combinate with local authority to check the security at site. 6.2.2 Mitigation Measures to Water and Soil Pollution during Construction Phase Minimization of pollution from construction activities shall be: - Pushing up the construction progress and organization under the scientific way; - Selecting sand and clean soil as the materials for backfill ; the discharge of pollutants into lakes is prohibited and pollutants are also not allowed to be used for backfill ; - Fuel waste from machines and equipment must be discharge into dedicated bins and transported outside for treated. Freely discharge into the environment is not allowed; On access into the sites and construction sites, zoning method should be applied like preparing fence with sand bags, clearing the flow to avoid erosion and floods; Strictly follow the drilling, piling techniques to avoid the infiltration into surface and ground; the drilling holes will fill up following technique requirement. Wastewater from construction activities should be preliminary settled in settling basin before enter into the environment to avoid deposit accumulation in drainage system. After completing the project, the irrigation canal will be dredged to return into the backward. 6.2.3 Mitigation Measures to Solid Waste Pollution The construction process creates big amount of solid wastes as sand, gravel, bottle, box cover, plastic bag, iron, wood, etc. these wastes cause the obstruction in construction phase, transportation and accidents. Proposal solution for reducing the solid waste pollution from construction activities shall be: - Mimize solid wastes during construction phase by accurate calculation of materials, strictly materials management, warning for worker to save on 85 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t materials.. - Employ the construction wastes on ground leveling such as: brickbat, redundant soil, etc. - Collect the cover of cement, bottles, redundant iron, etc. to recycle and reuse. 6.2.4 Mitigation Measures to Air Pollution To reduce the impact of dust and gases emission from vehicles and construction machines and conform to the HPC regulation No.02/2005 QD. The investor will implement the below measures: - No use the old vehicles to transport material and old machines to construct - No transport material over load. - In the time of preparation and construction, spraying water 3 times per day to control dust - Covering the transportation vehicles that carrying gravel, sand, and brick. Vehicles don't transport at pick hour and move correctly in the right road - Reducing the construction, and transportation from 22 pm to 6 am - Using suitable transportation method like conveyor belt, baffles around sites; watering, planting buffer zone and leave space between the sites and residential area which seem to be the most effective method. Workers should be provided with mufflers and glasses for protection. Wind direction should be considered to avoid sand and dust going to residential areas. 6.2.5 Control the Noise and Vibration during the Construction Phase - Strengthen construction management, with orderly construction activities, and arrange working time reasonably and sensitively. - Avoid conducting construction operation with strong noise and vibration at night wherever possible; - Use the construction equipment with lower noise and vibration as much as possible during construction; - Control the noise and vibration to set up a suitable construction schedule to reach the permissible value according TCVN 1995. 6.3 THE MITIGATION MEASURES TO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION DURING THE OPERATION PHASE 86 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t 6.3.1 Prepare for resettlement: In an effort to reduce the impact of inhabitant and resettlement of people, we carry out a lot of activities to solve the problem impacted on displaced people life. Some of activities are survey, interviews, public consultation with the residents living in Project area. We also gather the people's overview, opinion and their desires about the resettlement. Proposal solutions for as follows: - Announcement to people about the resettlement sites as place, architectures, planning... - Organize the meeting with people in area to collect more overview and desires for resettlement - Survey on the resident area to deeply understand their lifestyle then plan out right policy - Discussions about regulation and policy with displaced people. - To ensure that local authorities, as well as representatives of DPs, will be included in the planning and decision-making processes. The PMU will work closely with the City's People's Committee and the District's People's Committees during project implementation. DPs involvement in implementation will be continued thereafter by requesting each district to invite DPs' representatives to be a member of the DRCs and take part in the resettlement activities (property evaluation, compensation, resettlement, and monitoring). - To fully share information about the proposed project components and activities with the DPs. - Make all potentially affected parties, organizations and individuals aware the CT1-CT6 project in particular and Hanoi Urban Transport Development Project in general, the reasons for it, and the requirements and purpose of the EIA for the Project - Describe potential impacts of the project, developed mitigation measures and remaining impacts to the communities, organizations ­ who are directly affected during project implementation; - Listen to public opinions and concerns about the project, especially the direct impacts to daily activities of the communities; - Provide opportunities so that they would express and propose solutions to help affected people; - Improve the acceptability of the public to mitigation measures; - Settle disputes in public proposals to environmental issues and delays in 87 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t implementation plan of the authorities; - Confirm the appropriateness and legality of authority' decision to meet legal requirement of the public, consider the proposal of the communities and authorities; - Understand the major difficulties that are public concerns and their values. Target of planning of the resettlement site is the considerration of environment as a center of development and guarantee of life quality. Therefore, all environmetal standard in architecture is abided strictly. However, the operation of the building and environmental problems always come together. In order to mitigate negative impacts, the investors will implement the below measures: 6.3.2 Mitigation Measures to Air and Noise Pollution In the operation phase of the project, the major pollution source is the transportation activities and the urban work operation. To mitigate pollution, the below measures should be conducted 6.3.2.1 Reducing pollution from Transportation Activities To comply with road standards in the width of road and pavement. To forbid strictly the transgress the road and pavement. To ensure the road clear, avoid traffic jam in order to limit dispersion pollutants. Asphalt surface roads and regular cleaning and watering in sunny days to minimize dust; Transport system should be arranged in good manner to minimize the number of motorbikes and environmental pollution Trees are planted on both sides of the roads for prevention of dust and reduction of noise for houses and building along side. Around each building has flower garden with area is 2,900 m2. Thus, the green density in the area is 15%. In addition, in the separate lane should plant grass and decorative plant cluster with distance 2m/cluster. In pavement it should plant trees with large shade, firm root, and every 5-7m has one trees. Plants can help to reduce noise. Power of transmission wave would be reduced when going through the green buffer zone 6.3.2.2 Control Pollution Inner Building The major source pollution inner building generates from people activities and machine operation. Thus, the best measures to control heat pollution are mitigation 88 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t at emission sources. The mitigation measures can apply for building such as: · Ventilation Conducting the technique solutions in order to minimize pollution inner building by combining air conditioner system with ventilation for the building. The ventilation system is installed for ground floor and toilet. At ground floor is installed the ventilation to ensure the clear for building. The toilet use natural ventilation and has the air exchange multiple that ensure the sanitation standard of Vietnamese TCXD-BXD · Mitigation noise and vibration from machines Inside building always has the machine operation that generates noise and vibration pollution. The investor requires constructor install the mitigation measures for the building as soon as construction phase. Pollution sources, impacts and mitigation measures of noise and vibration generate from machines are shown in table 6.2 Table 6.2 Mitigation of noise and vibration emitted from machines Pollution Impact of Mitigation measures Application sources noise and vibration Heat Structure of - Soundproofed wall The rubber exchange room - Preventable acoustic door plate to prevent equipment - Preventable acoustic rubber sound Structure of - Soundproofed wall - Frame to Pump room - Preventable acoustic door prevent - Preventable acoustic floor vibration Pipeline - Soundproofed floor - Spring - hang - Soundproofed materials for pipeline - Rubber plate to avoid vibration - The floor - Preventable pile vibration prevent Structure - Attenuation of sound vibration AHU and Inertial force - Treatment absorption inside - Fixed fan equipment to Pipeline sound prevent move - Sound absorption room the horizon direction 89 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Structure - Reduce vibration for machines Coolant Pipeline - Mitigate vibration for connection - Install spring Tower of pipeline and flexible - Consider the location and splice direction to install Vertical Pipeline - Equipment prevent vibration - Anchor the pipe - Washer between pipes flexible splice pipeline Straight Pipeline - Attenuation of sound set Install the pipe - The tight pipeline Attenuation of sound 6.3.3 Mitigation Measures of Water Pollution The drainage system in the resettlement site is a part of drainage system of the culturally communicated city. All wastewater of the area will be collected and treated at Co Nhue Waste Water Treatment Plant, then discharge into Nhue River. However, the resettlement site is constructed before the culturally communicated city, thus it needs to build the preliminary treatment plant for the resettlement site. 6.3.3.1 Wastewater Drainage and Treatment System As presented in Chapter 2, the project installs the separate drainage system. The principle of drainage as follow: The rainwater is collected into the rainwater sewerage system that located along the road then discharge into the canal in the West of the project area and run to Co Nhue Pump Station. In addition, in the West of the site intend to build a city drainage canal to Co Nhue Pump Station with capacity is 12-15m3/s. In case of river water level is higher than 5.5m rainwater is pumped coersively into river. All wastewater is collected and treated at the wastewater treatment plant. The drainage network is designed to meet with smallest slope, runoff velocity, and ensure sediment is not deposited and disintegrated in the system. Diagram of drainage and treatment of wastewater at resettlement site is shown in Figure 6.2 90 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Rain water Rain water drainage system TB Pumped coersively into river when river Wastewater from water level is higher than 5.5m CT1, CT6 Prilimary t t t 995 CVNT -1 Wastewater from the C, 5945 Sewrage system TCVN culturally communicated WWT plant 6772 - 2000 city Figure 6.2 Wastewater drainage and treatment system for resettlement site 6.3.3.2 Waste water Treatment Technology The volume of wastewater The capacity of Wastewater treatment plant is 10,000 m3/day. The wastewater of the resettlement site is 750 /day. 3 The characteristic of wastewater and treatment requirement The pollutants have to remove out of domestic wastewater are organic and inorganic sediment, dissolved organic substances, bacteria, and P, N, etc. The quality of wastewater and treatment requirement are shown in table 6.3 Table 6.3 The characteristic inlet wastewater and outlet requirement Parameter Inlet wastewater Outlet wastewater pH 5-9 5,5-9 Temperature , C o < 30 < 30 SS, mg/l 200 100 BOD5, mg/l 100 50 COD, mg/l 400 100 TN mg/l 60 60 TP, mg/l 1 0,5 Coliform, MPN/100 ml a 104 b 108 MPN/100 ml 10.000 a,b=1 9. 91 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t The wastewater treatment technology option The option of appropriate wastewater treatment technology is signification for investment and environmental protection. The selection of technology and design has to concern the aspects as below: - The capacity of wastewater - Wastewater discharge mode - Composition and characteristic of wastewater - The condition of receiver source - Geological, hydrography and climate conditions - Kinetic study of wastewater treatment process Based on the features of area, physical and social economic conditions, the technology of wastewater treatment by biological method in artificial condition with the wastewater capacity Q = 10.000 m3/day is shown in figure 6.3. Technology presentation The wastewater is pumped into treatment station. At here the net detains solid waste. The solid waste is moved to sludge tank or transport to landfill with domestic solid waste. Sand settling tank: Almost sediment is deposited at this tank. The target of this process is reduce the volume of tank and separates inorganic sediment to avoid impact on micro treatment later. Sediment is made dry at the sludge bed. The sediment can use to ground leveling Settling tank 1: the organic sediment is preliminary deposited. The sediment is treated at the stable sludge tank As the results the organic and inorganic sediment is detained at the sand settling tank and settling tank 1 Aeroten tank: The aeroten and biofill tank are used for treatment with the capacity of wastewater. However, it should use aeroten tank because of the Hanoi climate conditions and treatment process. The absorption process of the aerobic microorganism removes the dissolved organic substances. Settling tank 2: the function of this tank is the settling the volume of sediment 92 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t that created from aeroten tank. The sludge of this tank is treated at the stable tank (about 50%), the other part return to aeroten tank (active sludge). Chlorination tank: to remove harmful bacterial in wastewater before discharge into receiver water body. The chemical substances are ozone or chlorine. The contact time between chemical and bacteria is 30 minutes. The wastewater after chlorination reach standard and discharge into receiver water body. Discharge wastewater: To limit the impacts of wastewater on waster quality and strengthen refresh ability of water, it can be applied the simple techniques as follow: TB Reciever Tanhk Sand settling tank Settling tank 1 Aeroten Tank ge eisr Ground leveling slude Sand drying bed Sludge Activ lveup stability Settling tank 2 tank waste lidoS ate Press inro sec Mixing area Composting sludge sustan landfill Chll machine Contact tank Reuse to water plant Figure 6.3 Wastewater technology - Put the discharge outlet is far from the bank to increase the dilution ability of post treatment wastewater in to water body. - Put outlet under water level - Location of the outlets is distance as far as possible to avoid concentrate wastewater. Install urgent pipeline by-pass the station. In urgent case, it should chlorinate wastewater first and then discharge, to minimize wastewater impact on environment Sludge treatment: All sludge in tank 1 and 2 are treated at stable tank by anaerobic ferment. The fresh sludge is disintegrated sediment with moisture 98%. Then, the sediment is dried and transported to landfill or composting. To reduce the pollution from sludge treatment (this is the major pollution source in 93 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t wastewater treatment plant), the station is designed closely and the sludge compress machine replace for sludge bed. Reuse the post treatment wastewater: In the wastewater has nutrient that is useful for vegetation grown. Therefore, the wastewater reuse to water of the plants. This is the solution to save water and reduce pollution load for Nhue river. 6.3.3.3 Mitigation Measures Eutrophication at Lake in the Project Area As presented in chapter 5, the lake belongs to overall area and the culturally communicated city. However the impacts of CT1 and CT6 on the lake is considerable. In order to mitigate pollution in lake and canal, we suggest some solutions to prevent the eutrophication. Reduce the pollution source at bottom layer and sediment There are sediment and sludge deposited in bottom layer of canal and lake, it is the pollution source for water. Thus it should to dredge canal and lake regularly 2 years/time Strengthen oxygen by architecture works such as: water spray tower, water reeling machine, etc. Using biology method - Plant floating vegetation, however, it has to clean to avoid pollution the second time. - Plant the trees at edge canal and lake to absorb nutrient. - Increase floating species, floating creatures, fish and bottom fauna comprise larva insects, shrimps, crab, oysters and nails to stabilize lake ecosystem. Control water level in lake by block plate. The post treatment gray water is added into lake in dry season. 6.3.4 Solid Waste Treatment Methods Type of solid waste: According to planning of Hanoi city to year 2010 forecast the daily load of solid waste per person is 1 kg/per.day and 1.2 kg/per.day to year 2020. Therefore, during the operation phase, in the project area discharges about 6,000 kg/day. Collection and treatment methods - Collection solid waste at building by vertical collection tube system. At the end of tube there is the container with solid waste compress equipment. This is the close 94 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t container and prevents dispersion of bad smell and leachate. The solid waste collection tube has diameter with 300-900 mm and smooth. The structure of the solid waste collection tube is shown in the figure 6.4 - The solid waste is collected and transported to Nam Son landfill by URENCO - The classification of solid waste is conducted at sources. Solid waste is classified into 3 types: + Recycle solid waste such as paper, box cover, etc. are collected and sold + Organic solid waste is composted or fixed in the ground + Hazardous solid waste is special fix in the ground - The dustbin has two sections for organic and inorganic solid waste - Install the dustbin in public space along the roads and in the park. - Sludge of the wastewater treatment plant is collected to compost and landfill Figure 6.4 the solid waste collection tube 6.4 PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL INCIDENTS 6.4.1 The lightning-conductors System The buildings are equipped with the lightning-conductors system; the lightning-rods are assembled at the highest points of the buildings. The resistance of the ground contact of the system is less than or equal to 10 where the resistance portion of the ground < 50.000 /cm2; otherwise, the resistance of the ground contact of the system is 10 where the resistance portion of the ground > 50.000 /cm2. The lightning-rods are manufactured with the newest technology. The Triax cable covered with three insulator layers is used that can be assembled inside the buildings. The safety system connecting to the ground for protecting the electronic 95 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t equipments is not put together with the lightning-rods system. The resistance of the safety system is not over 4. 6.4.2 Fire Prevention and Firefighting System The fire can be caused by the electric system or by thunders. So the project uses the following methods for preventing and fighting the fire if it may rise. Together with constructing the water supply for resident, constructing a pressure water system serving for fire prevention and firefighting net. The system is built under the standard TCVN 2622-78. The system needs to satisfy the following requirements. - The water tank capacity is big enough for 3 hour firefighting. - Firefighting pump - Firefighting boxes including eject tap and hamp cloth pipe are arranged in distance of 200m/box. The boxes are located along corridor of the buildings. - Along roads, firefighting throats are arranged; the distance between every pair of them is 100-150m. Either on ground or underground style of the equipment can be used. - Except the water firefighting system, the gas firefighting vases are also equipped in the buildings and other public places. 6.5 RESETTLEMENT MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION Because of the features of the resettlement, the environment management and education play an important role. To make the resettlement become a modern, good manner, civilized resident area, the following activities will be carried out: - Establish a Managing Board each building. The Board is responsible in operating, repairing, and maintaining the equipment system inside the building. Other functions of the Board are security, environment protection, etc. - Organizing a hot line connecting police station with resident - Providing a table of regulations, especially the regulations for environment protection. - Education is implemented during the meetings of resident and at households. - Resident themselves undertake in classifying the wastes and keeping clean environment, etc. 96 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t - Scheduling a weekly cleaning program. - Together with other institutions located in the area, participating in movements of natural resources protection. - Providing a mail box for collecting feedbacks of people in resident. 6.6 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM On the route of economic development of Vietnam and Hanoi, in particular, environment protection and environment pollution prevention is considered as a significant problem currently. Developing the economic without anticipating and taking care of its negative impacts on the human will cause serious and unpredictable problems. This is a big lesson of several industrial countries which should be avoided in Vietnam. 6.6.1 Methods for Environment Management and Protection Monitoring the environment in the area during construction process. The environmental institutions of the state will be in charge of monitoring the environment when the project gets started. Supervising the quality of the air quality and noise during the construction phase. Supervising the quality of water including surface water, underground water and waste water during the construction phase Supervising the waste collection, classification, and the solid waste transportation. Responsibilities for every partner in the environment of project will be presented in the Table 6.6.2 Objectives of the Monitoring Environment Quality Program The master of the project is responsible for monitoring the environment during the construction period. Other state offices on environment are responsible for the monitoring when the project is taken into operation. Therefore, the major goal of the monitoring program is to control the varying of the environment quality continuously during the construction process. This is to recognize immediately negative impacts on environment and to propose respective solutions to mitigate the impacts. On the other hand, supervising the environment quality is also to guarantee the quality of air and water environment under the standard TCVN. The target of monitoring air quality are: 97 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t - Monitoring the concentration of pollutants at construction site and the around resident areas. - Monitoring the meteorological parameters affect on the dispersion of pollution- - Evaluate and forecast the increase of pollutant concentration that emit from construction activities to propose pollution mitigation measures. The purposes of monitoring water quality are to: - Monitoring the pollutant content in the project area; - Providing forecast to the encroachment of pollution flow into the aquifers in the area; - Monitoring locations: + During construction: at the drilled wells in the affected areas (including the wells monitored in the EIA); + During operation: location surrounding head-end terminals (four locations at each terminal). The following requirements need to be satisfied in monitoring process: The accuracy of the data monitored: the accuracy is evaluated by the bias of the real values and the monitored values. The specific factor of the data: the data monitored must be specific at certain time and space. The comparable property: the data monitored at different times and points can be compared all together. The synchronous property: the size and the information of the data monitored is rich and big enough. Environmental monitoring network Monitoring the air quality at resident areas, roads that is impacted in construction phase. Environmental monitoring is divided into 2 types: - Monitor the emission source - Monitor the water, air, soil environment - Location of air quality monitoring points Location of air quality monitoring points including: 98 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t + Construction site (construction phase) + Resident area located end of the main wind direction + The road in the project area Location of water quality monitoring points including: + Well with ground layer + Surface water as river, pond... + Waste water in gate of disposal... ... 6.6.3 The Content of Environmental Monitoring Program The content of environmental monitoring program of project area is: Monitoring the air quality and noise level in the construction phase. Monitoring the water environment including: surface water, underground water and wastewater during the construction phase Supervising the collection, classification, and treatment solid waste in the construction phase. 6.6.4 Legal Framework to Monitoring Environment Quality Monitoring the environment quality in construction phase based on below regulation and technique standard: - Environmental protection law and relative legal documents - Environmental Vietnamese Standards (TCVN) - Standard and regulation on design the architecture space - Existing environmental quality of the project area - The environmental pollution treatment and mitigation measures that will be apply in construction phase 6.6.5 Monitoring program in Project 6.6.5.1 Monitoring Air Quality The parameters: The air quality parameter monitoring including: + Suspended particular matters (SPM). 99 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t + PM 10 + Toxic gases: CO, SO2, NO2, + Noise : LAeq (dBA), LAmax (dBA), LA50 (dBA) Monitoring frequency: The parameter such as: toxic gases, dust, heavy metal, noise, etc. are taken sample during the construction phase. Monitoring frequency is every three months during construction Monitoring and analysis methods are in accordance with TCVN. 6.6.5.2 Monitoring Water Quality Groundwater monitoring: - Monitoring locations: - Ground water in well in the resident area nearby - Ground water in well in the Project area identified by EIA - Monitoring parameters: Water temperature, CaCO3, pH, SS, DO, COD, BOD5, Cl-, NH4 , Total of nitrogen,+ phosphogen, Fe, Pb, Cd and Coliform. - Monitoring frequency: every 3 months during construction every 6 months during operation. - Monitoring methods are in accordance with TCVN. - Compared standard: TCVN 5944-1995 Monitoring the supply water: - Monitoring locations: Input point of the supply water at every building - Monitoring parameters: Temperature, pH, SS, TDS, turbidity, COD, NH4 , NO3 Pb, Cd, Fe, Cu, E.Coli, + Coliform. - Monitoring frequency: every 6 months during operation. - Monitoring methods are in accordance with TCVN. - Compared standard: TCVN 5091-1991 100 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Monitoring the quality of wastewater and surface water: - Monitoring locations: The monitored locations in EIA of the project. Wastewater discharge points during construction of project items. Input and output of the WWTP Surface water ­Nhue river where receive the wastewater after treatment. - Monitoring parameters: Temperature, pH, SS, TDS, turbility, oil, DO, COD, BOD5, NH4 ,total N, total P, Pb, + Cd, and Coliform. - Monitoring frequency: every three months during construction every 6 months during operation. - Monitoring methods are in accordance with TCVN. - Compared standard: TCVN 5945-1995, TCVN 5942-1995, TCVN 6984-2001 6.6.5.3 Monitoring Solid Waste In the construction phase, the solid waste is monitored and classified as these types: - Hazardous solid waste - Solid waste - Recycle solid waste - Reuse solid waste. 6.6.6 Supervise the Implementation of the Environmental Protection Measures Supervise the implementation the environmental protection in urban planning: supply and drainage system, transport system, green layer, and solid waste collection system of the project Time of complete of environment treatment works: Wastewater treatment and drainage system will be completed before the Project comes into operation 101 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t 6.6.7 Estimated Cost for Monitoring and Supervising the Implementation - The estimated cost for environmental supervise and monitor in the construction and operation phase of the resettlement project is + Construction phase : 60 million VND/year + Operation phase : 20 million VND/year (Cost for analyzing sample based on the Circular of Ministry of finance 83/2002/TT/BTC dated 25/9/2002 on regulation of expense for measurement and examination and not conclude sampling cost and vehicles) - When conduct sub project, the investor and construction have to comply the pollution mitigation measures in the EIA report. - The monitoring cost is paid by investor - Department of Natural Resources and Environment combine with PMU and resident to supervise the sub-project and constructor in the implementation of commitments Table 6.3 : Environment supervising and supervising responsibility Content Executi Content of Environmen Master of Environmental of works ng Unit environment tal environmental Supervise al monitoring Supervisor supervising management 1 Constructi Construct - Environ Environment Investor Department of on phase or mental Consulter Natural protection resources and solutions ( Environment 6.1.2, 6.1.3). - Environ ment monitoring (6.5.5) 2 Operation Investor - Environ Environment Investor Department of phase mental Consulter Natural protection resources and solutions ( Environment 6.1.2, 6.1.3). Environment monitoring (6.5.5) Conclusion The pollution mitigation measures are requirement of the project that is conducted by stakeholders. The proposed measures are comprehensive to mitigate the 102 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t pollution sources from construction phase to operation phase. 103 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Chapter 7 Conclusions and Recommendations 7.1 CONCLUSIONS The EIA report for CT1 and CT6 resettlement site project based on the assessment of the current status of the environment and the project's impacts on environment provide the methods for mitigating the environmental pollution during the period of project implements. Resettlement for affected people is prior to sites preparing for construction, thus presently; this project is important factor in construction process of many main- point projects. Constructing CT1 and CT6 resettlements yields a lots of socioeconomics profits to realize the industrialization and modernization strategy of Hanoi City towards 2020 and to force Hanoi City deserve as the political, economic, cultural and trading center of the nation. The resettlement sites are located in the agricultural region belonging to the suburban of Hanoi City, Tu Liem District, of which the nature and environment are advantageous. There are no wild and rare plants and animals, and natural reserve zones need to be considered. In general, the quality of the environment under consideration is still quite good. However, the percentage of dirty content in air and noises caused by vehicles measured at some places are greater than the allowable value under the standard. The quality of the underground water is quite good. The quality of the surface water is currently polluted. As for the project, the environment is considered as a central factor in architecture planning, space planning, land planning, support complexes arranging, and so on. So the environmental requirements are met in planning to aim at building a green, clean and beautiful urban area which is ideal for residents. The project is suitable with the Master Planning of Hanoi City, Tu Liem District, and the Culturally Communicated City, without effects on any historical and 104 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t cultural monuments. The project does not cause any serious problems in terms of environment protection and natural resources. However, impacts on environment cannot be avoided during the implementation process of the project. Based on the impacts assessment and quantification, solutions are provided to mitigate the negative impacts caused by the project. Such the solutions can be mentioned as the solution in planning, managing, training, and engineering in all phases of project preparation and implementation. The PMU pledges to strictly follow the planning in the scale of 1/2000 approved, and apply all the mitigating methods revealed in the EIA report to mitigate, reduce, master and control the environment pollution caused by the project such that the quality standard of environment is taken into account according to regulations of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources. 7.2 RECOMMENDATIONS To facilitate the deployment of the project as scheduled, we suggest that the Environment, Natural Resources and Housing Department should consider, evaluate and approve the EIA report written for the project. In implementation process, the pledges and contents related to environment protection will be discussed and putted into the contract signed with contractors. This is important criteria for the Department of Natural Resources and Environment and People to monitor the project implementation. The PMU in co-operation with the Department and People should have a plan to supervise and take full care of the project actions. This is to recognize problems immediately and give optimal solutions to the problems. Also, this is to apply all the methods presented in this report to mitigate, reduce, master and control the environment pollution caused by the project such that the quality standard of environment is taken into account according to regulations on environment protection of Hanoi City. 105 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t References Vietnam Law on Environment Protection dated 27/12/1993 issued by Vietnam National Assembly and the promulgation decree for implementation has been signed on 10/1/1994 by the Chairman. Guide lines for implementation of Vietnam Law on Environment Protection ­ Governmental Decree No. 175/CP dated 10/9/1994. Guide lines for writing EIA report No. 490/1998/TT-BKHCNMT dated 29/4/1998 issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. Vietnam Standard on Environment ­ TCVN 1995, 1998, 2000 and 2001. Guide lines for assessing the environmental impacts for projects issued by CEETIA, November 1999. Standard of urban planning design TCVN 4449-87. Report of current status of Hanoi environment in 2002. The Department of Science, Technology and Environment. 7/2002. The EIA report for the project of housing development in Tu Liem District and the South of Van Tri, and new urban area of Hanoi. 2003. The EIA report for the project of the universities urban area in the Westsouth of Hanoi City. 2005. The EIA report for the project of the urban area development in the North of Co Nhue and Chem. 2005. The EIA report for the project of the urban area development in Co Nhue and Chem. 2005. Data monitored at the urban area in the North of Co Nhue and Chem. 2005. CEETIA. 11/2004. Tran Hieu Nhue, Waste Water Treatment. Science and Engineering Publisher. 1996. Methods for controlling pollution and waste management. The Environment Bureau. 2/1998. 106 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t CONTENT TABLE Chapter I Introduction...................................................................................... 1 1.1 The Aim of the EIA Report........................................................................... 1 1.2 Legislative Basis for Preparation of the EIA Report ........................................ 1 1.3 Methods Used for Environment Impact Assessment....................................... 3 1.4 Arrangements and procedures of EIA report implementation.......................... 4 1.5 Contents of the EIA Report.......................................................................... 5 Chapter 2 General Description........................................................................... 7 2.1 Project Name............................................................................................. 7 2.2 Investor..................................................................................................... 7 2.3 Boundary and Scale of the Project ............................................................... 7 2.4 The Background and the Need of Investment ..............................................10 2.4.1 General of the HUTDP..........................................................................10 2.4.2 The demand for the Investment of CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site.........11 2.5 Planning of the culturally Communicated City in general ...............................11 2.5.1 Planning ­ Architecture space arrangement...........................................12 2.5.2 Technical Infrastructure Planning..........................................................13 2.5.3 Flood and water drainage Planning .......................................................13 2.6 Summary of CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Planning...................................15 2.6.1 Master Plan for CT1 Site.......................................................................15 2.6.2 Master Plan for CT6 Site.......................................................................16 2.6.3 Architecture Solution and Apartment Structure.......................................17 2.6.4 Electric Supply for the Works................................................................19 2.6.5 Lightning-conductors System................................................................19 2.6.6 Water Supply Solution..........................................................................20 2.6.7 Drainage System.................................................................................20 2.6.8 Firefighting Solution.............................................................................21 2.7 Total Investment and Progress of the Project Implementation.......................21 2.8 Project Management..................................................................................22 Chapter 3 Physical and social economic condition of project area........................23 3.1 Physical Conditions....................................................................................23 3.1.1 Geographic Location of Project Area......................................................23 3.1.2 Climate Characteristics.........................................................................23 3.1.2.1 Temperature.................................................................................24 3.1.2.2 Humidity.......................................................................................24 3.1.2.3 Solar Radiation..............................................................................25 3.1.2.4 Wind............................................................................................26 3.1.2.5 Tropical Storm ..............................................................................27 3.1.2.6 Rainfall and Evaporation ................................................................27 3.1.2.7 Stability of Atmosphere..................................................................28 3.1.3 Geological and Topography Conditions..................................................29 3.1.3.1 Topography Conditions..................................................................29 3.1.3.2 Geological Features.......................................................................29 3.1.4 Hydrographic Features.........................................................................32 107 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t 3.2 Existing Land Use and Resident..................................................................33 3.3 Existing Infrastructure of the Planned Area..................................................36 3.3.1 Transportation System.........................................................................36 3.3.2 Electric Supply.....................................................................................36 3.3.3 Wastewater Drainage System and Water Supply System.........................36 3.4 Cultural and Historical Relics.......................................................................36 3.5 Social-economic Development ....................................................................36 Chapter 4 Existing Situation of Project ..............................................................40 4.1 Existing Situation of Water Environment......................................................40 4.1.1 Monitoring contents.............................................................................40 4.1.2 Method and Equipment to Analyze Water Quality...................................40 4.1.3 Results of analyzing water quality.........................................................41 4.1.3.1 Surface water quality.....................................................................41 4.1.3.2 Underground Water Quality............................................................42 4.1.3.3 Wastewater ..................................................................................43 4.2 Air Quality and Noise Situation....................................................................46 4.2.1 Air Quality...........................................................................................46 4.2.1.1 Pollution Sources and Parameters Monitoring...................................46 4.2.1.3 The results of monitoring...............................................................47 4.2.2.3 Monitoring Result of Noise Levels....................................................49 4.3 Solid Waste Management...........................................................................52 4.3.1 Domestic solid waste...........................................................................53 4.3.2 Solid Waste at Market..........................................................................54 4.3.3 Agriculture and Road waste..................................................................54 4.4 Ecosystem ................................................................................................54 4.5 Public Health.............................................................................................56 Chapter 5: Assessment of Environmental Impacts Caused by the Project.............58 5.1 Assessment Method...................................................................................58 5.2 Potential Environmental Problems of the Project...........................................58 5.3 The Positive Impacts of the Project.............................................................59 5.3.1 Economic Benefits...............................................................................59 5.3.2 Social Benefits.....................................................................................59 5.4 Evaluate Architecture planning and Construction Standard............................61 5.4.1 Selection of CT1, CT6 location for Project..............................................61 5.4.2 Evaluate planning and space development:............................................61 5.4.2.1 Evaluate layout planning and architecture landscape:..........................61 5.4.2.2 Technic supporting works planning: ...................................................63 Flower gardens are arranged with grass cover, benches, water taps and small sculptures for the elderly and children's leisure activities. The trees planted in the gardens are diversified.................................................................................63 5.5 Environment Impacts on the human life:.....................................................63 5.6 Environment Impacts during Construction Phase..........................................64 5.6.1 Environmental Polution Sources............................................................64 5.6.2 Impact on Water Environment..............................................................65 5.6.2.1 Domestic Wastewater....................................................................65 5.6.2.2 Runoff..........................................................................................67 5.6.2.3 Wastewater from Construction Activities..........................................67 108 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t 5.6.2.4 Impacts on Underground Water Quality due to Piling and Grilling......67 5.6.3 Impacts on Air Environment.................................................................68 5.6.3.1 Dust Pollution in Construction phase...............................................68 5.6.3.2 Polluted gases emission of construction machines............................68 5.6.3.3 Gases Emission from other Activities...............................................70 5.6.3.4 Noise and Vibration Impacts...........................................................71 5.6.4 Impact of solid waste...........................................................................72 5.6.5 Environmental Incident and Accident at Work........................................72 5.6.6 The other impacts ...............................................................................72 5.7 Environmental Impact Assessment during Operation Phase...........................73 5.7.1 Pollution Sources during Operation Phase..............................................73 5.7.2 Waste Water Impact on Environment....................................................73 5.7.2.1 Domestic Wastewater....................................................................73 5.7.2.2 Impact on runoff...........................................................................74 5.7.3 Noise and Vibration Impacts.................................................................76 5.7.4 Impact on Air quality ...........................................................................77 5.7.4.2 Polluted Air Quality by Air Conditioner.............................................78 5.7.5 Solid Waste Impacts............................................................................79 5.7.6 Impact on Ecosystem...........................................................................79 Chapter 6 Mitigation Measures for Environmental Protection in the Project Area...81 6.1 Environmental Pollution Mitigation Measures in Pre-construction Phase..........81 6.1.1 Compensation for displaced people:......................................................81 6.1.1.1 Compensation measures to agriculture land acquisition:...................81 6.1.1.2 Resettlement policy:......................................................................82 6.1.2 Mitigate Negative Impacts in Site Clearance Phase................................83 6.2 The Mitigation Measures to Environmental Pollution during Construction phase 6.2.1 Mitigation Measures for Temporary Camp of Worker in the Site...............83 6.2.2 Mitigation Measures to Water and Soil Pollution .....................................85 6.3 The Mitigation Measures to Environmental Pollution during the Operation Phase .....................................................................................................................86 6.3.1 Prepare for resettlement:.....................................................................87 6.3.2 Mitigation Measures to Air and Noise Pollution .......................................88 6.3.2.1 Reducing pollution from Transportation Activities.............................88 6.3.2.2 Control Pollution Inner Building ......................................................88 6.3.3 Mitigation Measures of Water Pollution..................................................90 6.3.3.1 Wastewater Drainage and Treatment System...................................90 6.3.3.2 Waste water Treatment Technology................................................91 6.3.3.3 Mitigation Measures Eutrophication at Lake in the Project Area .........94 6.3.4 Solid Waste Treatment Methods ...........................................................94 6.4 Prevention of Accidents and Environmental Incidents ...................................95 6.4.1 The lightning-conductors System..........................................................95 6.4.2 Fire Prevention and Firefighting System.................................................96 6.5 Resettlement Management and Environment Education................................96 6.6 Environment Management Program ............................................................97 6.6.1 Methods for Environment Management and Protection ...........................97 6.6.2 Objectives of the Monitoring Environment Quality Program.....................97 6.6.3 The Content of Environmental Monitoring Program.................................99 109 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t 6.6.4 Legal Framework to Monitoring Environment Quality..............................99 6.6.5 Monitoring program in Project ..............................................................99 6.6.5.1 Monitoring Air Quality....................................................................99 6.6.5.2 Monitoring Water Quality .............................................................100 6.6.5.3 Monitoring Solid Waste................................................................101 6.6.6 Supervise the Implementation of the Environmental Protection Measures ................................................................................................................101 6.6.7 Estimated Cost for Monitoring and Supervising the Implementation.......102 Chapter 7 Conclusions and Recommendations.................................................104 7.1 Conclusions.............................................................................................104 7.2 Recommendations...................................................................................105 110 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t Appendices appendix 1 relevant documents 111 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas EIA Report -CT1 and CT6 Resettlement Site Projec t appendix 2 Monitoring results 112 Center for Environmental Engineering of Towns and Industrial Areas