Document of The World Bank FOR OMCIL USE ONLY ReF72 tN. P-4158-BT .7- REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED LOAN IN AN AMOUNT EQUIVALENT TO US$26.0 MILLION TO THE REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA FOR A FOURTH EDUCATION PROJECT November 20, 1985 Thb disaeumt bm a reiuletd dhrb&udsa mud my be =We by redpiefts only in thme peifeasmmesof ther ladWi dude 3 cga= my nO sihewie be dlsd widtm Wel Bak auhoihmu. CU REC IM TS US$1.00 = Pula 1.95 Pula 1.00 = US$0.51 ABBREVIATIOES ALDEP - Arable Lands Development Program EEC - European Economic Community CJSS - Community Junior Secondary Schools NDB - National Development Bank NDP - National Development Plan ITTC - Industrial Training and Trades Testing Center TGLP - Tribal Grazing Lands Policy VTC - Vocational Training Center Covernment Fiscal Year April 1 - March 31 :' , .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY UILIC OF BOMAR& FOUR EDUCAO ON PROCT L" AMD PROJCT S W Borrower: Republic of Botswana. Amount: US$26.0 million. Terms: Payable in 17 years, including 4 years of grace, with standard variable interest rate. Purpose: The project would support the Government's educational reform program and its prime goals of improving access to primary and secondary education and making the system more responsive to the needs of Botswana's economy. The project would provide 500 primary school classrooms and 31 new, replacement or upgraded junior secondary schools, especially in rural areas where school facilities are often inadequate and overcrowded, besides textbooks and library books. Through the financing of two new vocational training centers and an industrial trade testing center, the project would provide timely support for the establishment of a national program of apprenticeship training and trades testing with which most of the major agencies and private enterprises wilil progressively be involved. Benefits: The project would provide 20,000 primary school places, 11,100 junior secondary school places, and about 900 places in the new vocational training centers and trade testing center. The introduction of new curricula, and ongoing donor-assisted programs for quality improvements, would be enhanced by the project's upgrading, replacement and expas ion of facilities, particularly for the teaching of science and practical subjects. Through its focus on relatively neglected rural areas, the project would support the Government's plans to improve equity in the access to education and equalize a fees burden at present borne disproportionately by parents in rural areas. The project's support for vocational training and trades testing will be pivotal to the creation of a national apprenticeship program that is expected eventually to meet about 80 percent of the country's skills needs. I This document bas a restrited dstribution and may be used by recipients only in the p-rformance of | their ofFacial duties. Its oontest may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. - li - Risks: The usefulness of one of the project's vocational training centers will depend on the successful development of the remote north-west region in which it is located. Although the region's economic potential has yet to be realized, it has been given priority by the Government, and a number of important investments have already been made or are under preparation. Estimated Cost US$ Million Local Foreign Total 1. Primary Education 2.8 5.6 8.4 2. Junior Secondary Education 4.0 10.8 14.8 3. Vocational and Technical Training 1.5 3.9 5.4 4. Studies 0.1 0.3 0.4 5. Project Administration 0.1 0.1 0.2 Base Cost 8.5 20.7 29.2 Physical Contingencies 0.8 1.8 2.6 Price Contingencies 5.0 7.2 12.2 Total Project Cost 14.3 29.7 44.0 Taxes and Duties (0.7) - (0.7) - ~ US$ Million Financing Plan Local Foreign Total IBRD 0.0 26.0 26.0 Government 14.3 3.7 18.0 Total 14.3 29.7 44.0 Estimated Disbursements: US$ Million IBRD Fiscal Year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 Annual 1.51/ 6.3 7.5 6.0 3.4 1.3 Cumulative 1.5 7.8 15.3 21.3 24.7 26.0 1/ USS1.5 million retroactive financing. - ili - Economic Rate of Return: Not appllcable. Appraisal Report: No. 5748-BT. Map: IBRD No. 19108. lINTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED LOAN TO THE REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA FOR A FOURTH EDUCATION PROJECT 1. I submit the following report and recommendation on a proposed loan to the Republic of Botswana for the equivalent of US$26.0 million to help finance a Fourth Education Project. The loan would have a term of 17 years, including 4 years of grace, with a variable interest rate. PART I - THE ECONOMY 2. The last economic memorandum on Botswana (Report No. 5238-BT) was distributed to the Executive Directors in November 1985. This description is based on that memorandum and information obtained on subsequent missions. 3. Botswana is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, bordered by the Republic of South Africa, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe. With an area of 570,000 sq km and an estimated population of just over one million (aid-1985), it is for the most part sparsely populated. Over 80 percent of the population is concentrated along the relatively fertile eastern third of the country, as two thirds of the country is covered by the Xalahari Desert. Rainfall is erratic and drought frequent. 4. The 1970s was a decade of rapid economic growth and budgetary and balance of payments stability. The mining of diamonds and nickel/copper, which started in the early 1970s, led to real increases in GDP of over 10 percent a year during the decade. Exports of meat also contributed to economic growth. Per capita GNPl/ rose from US$110 in 1970 to about US$910 by 1984. Increased receipts from the Customs Union2/, direct taxes and mineral royalties caused recurrent revenue to rise nearly 33 percent a year, which was substantially in excess of the growth in recurrent expenditure. Recurrent budgetary surpluses, together with grants, covered nearly half of the steadily growing capital expenditures, and since external borrowing exceeded requirements, the Government became a net creditor of the banking system. The economy also showed overall surpluses in the balance of payments due primarily to the rapid rise in exports and to large private capital inflows associated with mining investments. 1/ Calculated by the Bank Atlas method. 2/ The Southern Africa Customs Union, comprising Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland and South Africa, is administered by South Africa. Import duties and excise taxes are levied and collected by South Africa, deposited into a common pool and then distributed to the members based on each country's share in production and trade. 5. During 1931, the slump in world demand for diamonds and falling metal prices had major repercussions on Botswana's mineral-led, export-dependent economy. Real growth in GDP declined in 1981/82, and exports and foreign exchange reserves fell sharply as the diamond mines began stockpiling part of their production. An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in 1981 led to a drop in meat axports to the European Economic Community, which exacerbated the situation. As a result of sharply lower export receipts, Botswana recorded an overall balance of payments deficit for the first time in over a decade. Foreign reserves fell to 3.4 months of imports by the end of 1981 from 4.7 months two years previous. 6. The Botswana Government introduced a number of measures designed to cope with the economic strains of reduced mineral exports and revenues. The Government sought to control the growth of aggregate demand by raising interest rates, restraining domestic credit expansion, imposing a general wage freeze, devaluing the pula, and cutting the Government's development budget. By mid-1982 the prospects fer Botswana's economy started to improve again following the opening of a third diamond mine. Although Botswana still stockpiles part of its total diamond production, the opening of the new mine at Jwaneng led to higher export quotas and earnings. By the end of 1982, a surplus in the overall balance of payments was restored- and foreign reserves covered almost 4+ months of imports. 7. The increased revenue from diamonds led to improvements in the Government's budget picture and substantial overall surpluses in 1983/84 and 1984/85. While the Government originally projected a small overall budget deficit for 1985J86, recently revised estimates show that actual mineral revenues will once again exceed earlier estimates, and the budget will show a substantial surplus. Balance of payments data show a continuous improvement in the current account since 1981, the peak year of the deficit, and in 1984 Botswana recorded a current account surplus for the first time since 1979. Since the overall balance of payments has been in surplus for the past three years, Botswana had, by end August 1985, accumulated foreign reserves to cover over seven months of imports. Both the strengthened international diamond market and the weakness of the pula against the US dollar (resulting from the recent fall of the South African rand, to which the puld is closely tied) contributed to the recent budgetary and current account surpluses. Since diamonds are priced in US dollars, pula revenues increase when the value of the pula declines against the dollar. However, as persistent strengthening of the pula vis-a-vis the rand made the Botswana economy acutely vulnerable to South Africa competition, the Government in January 1985 officially devalued the pula by 15 percent against the currency basket to which it is pegged. With only minor adjustments since that time, the pula has continued to fall with the South African rand against the US dollar and other currencies. This will further increase Government revenues flowing from this sector. 8. Over the past four years long-term development issues have been considerably overshadowed by the prolonged drought. The Government has alleviated the adverse effects of the drought through a relief program which includes the provision of supplementary food supplies to 376,000 recipients (or 37 percent of the population). This is over and above the more than 200,000 primary school children who receive food rations. The - 3 - drought relief programs include labor projects which offer short-term jobs for 15,000, provision of fodder for cattle and 20 kg of free seed to all farming households. Farmers also receive grants for de-stumping and draft power for ploughing. There was relief from the drought in scattered areas of the country in 1985, but the drought was severe enough for the Government's relief programs to continue during this year. 9. Botswana's economy is still at an early stage of development. The mineral-led development has not encouraged the building up of linkages within the economy and only modestly increased the number of employment opportunities for Botswana's labor force. Historically, Botswanxa's economy has been centered on livestock and, until today, traditional agriculture and cattle raising have remained the main economic activity for about 80 percent of the population. However, an increasing concentration of cattle ownership, partly resulting from the drought which affected mainly owners of emall herds, has reduced the options for about 50 percent of the population to make a reasonable living from agriculture alone. 10. The major challenge for the Government in the present decade is to provide the infrastructure and services required by the more labor- intensive productive sectors, to foster linkages and to create lasting employment opportunities for Botswana's labor force, which is growing at over 3 percent a year and is vulnerable to reductions in employment oppor- tunities in South Africa. 11. One of the most serious constraints on growth of the productive sectors is the severe shortage of skilled technical, managerial and profes- sional manpower, which greatly impairs the country's absorptive capacity, encourages the use of capital intensive technology, raises production costs, and stifles investment. A high proportion of skilled and profes- sional positions are filled by expatriates and many posts in Government (particularly in local government) and the private sector are inadequately staffed. The manufacturing sector is further constrained by the small domestic market, the country's limited raw materials base and landlocked position, and competition from South Africa and Zimbabwe. 12. The agricultural sector, particularly arable farming, is looked upon as an important source of fu t xe employment. Crop farming, however, is circumscribed by the limited availability of surface water, sparse and erratic rainfall, and frequent drought. The sector's ability to support additional labor may therefore always remain limited. Ecological conditions render most parts of the country more favorable to livestock than crop production. However, the system of communal' grazing and associated traditional values have contributed to overstocking and progressive land degradation. 13. The Government is moving ahead with programs to deal with these constraints. Botswana's Sixth National Development Plan (1985-1991) accords high priority to education as a means of alleviating the country's manpower constraint. During the previous plan heavy emphasis was placed on the development of primary education. The Sixth Plan maintains the support to basic education by placing greater emphasis on upgrading junior secondary schooling and increases attention to manpower development through -4- provision of technical and vocational training. Industry is being supported through promotional activities by the Botswana Development Corporation and the National Development Bank, through preferences given to local industry in bidding for Government contracts, and by the Financial Assistance Policy (FAP) which includes the provision of tax holidays, favorable interest rates, seed-capital for investors, and payroll and training grants. The Tribal Grazing Lands Policy (TGLP) was introduced in 1975 as a step to control overstocking and range degradation while increasing incomes from cattle-raising by improving land quality, enhancing range management and boosting operation efficiency. The Arable Lands Development Program (ALDEP), a multi-faceted operation designed to raise productivity in crop farming, was introduced in 1979. This program's full effect is yet to be felt since the drought has kept agricultural production at such low levels. Both ALDEP and TGLP are expected to permit more labor-intensive use of the land. A new program, Accelerated Rainfed Arable Program (ARAP), was announced in September 1985 and is designed to provide incentives for medium-sized farmers for plowing, row planting, weeding and applying fertilizer. Agricultural production on a larger scale is dependent upon the availability and utilization of water for irrigation purposes. Under the auspices of the Bank, irrigation potential studies are being carried out to identify the best areas for irrigation development, while a proposed water use master plan will identify investment priorities in the sector. Population Status 14. Botswana's population has been growing at an estimated 3.4 percent a year. This growth rate may increase toward 3.8 percent as the crude death rate declines from a level that is already among the lowest in Sub-Saharan Africa. Total fertility3/, which is close to a rate of 6.2, has resulted in almost half of the population being under the age of 15. Even if fertility declines, natural increase will remain high as these children reach reproductive age. Projections show that Botswana's 1985 population of just over one million could in the next 30 years reach levels ranging from 3.5 million (if fertility remains constant) to 2.0 million (if there is a significant decline in fertility). To this end, an ongoing Bank-financed Family Health Project is helping to establish a comprehensive family planning program. Botswana's urban population more than tripled during the 1970s and now represents over 20 percent of the total population. Over the current Plan period, the urban population will almost double, with the urbanization percentage exceeding 32 percent. Development Assistance 15. Multilateral and bilateral agencies have extended substantial assistance to Botswana on highly coucessional terms. The Bank Group has been the main multilateral source, but the EEC, the CDC, the African Development Bank and OPEC sources have also been active. Bilateral 31 The total fertility rate represents the number of children that would be born per woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children at each age according to prevailing age-specific fertility rates. - 5 - assistance has come from numerous sources. In 1978 almost two-thirds of Botswana's outstanding bilateral debt was converted into grants. At the end of 1984, total external debt outstanding (disbursed only) was estimated at US$276 million, debt service payments were US$28 million and the debt service ratio 4.4 percent. Botswana's future external capital requirements wlll depend on the state of the world mineral market and the outlook for diamonds in particular. While Botswana is expected to continue to receive substantial assistance from bilateral and multilateral sources on grant or concessional terms, these may have to be supplemented by loans from commercial sources should current account deficits rise. However, diamond exports should remain strong and Botswana should remain creditworthy for the required borrowing. PART II - BANK GROUP OPERATIONS IN BOTSIANA 16. The Bank Group began operations in what was then Bechuanaland in 1964, and has approved 18 loans (US$214.4 million, less cancellations) and six credits (US$15.9 million) for a total of US$230.3 million (less cancellations). These loans and credits have financed five roads projects, three education projects, three livestock (including land tenure) projects, two urban projects, three water supply projects, two development finance projects, one thermal power project, a health and population project and three operations to help provide infrastructure for mining development. IFC has had one investment in Botswana: an equity participation of US$370,000 in the Botswana Development Corporation, approved in March 1979, was increased by US$481,000 in 1983. Summary statements of Bank Group Operations in Botswana are provided in Annex II. 17. The Bank Group's share of Botswana's external debt (disbursed and outstanding) at the end of calendar year 1984 was about 42.6 percent (IBRD - 37.1 percent, IDA - 5.5 percent), and its share in debt service was about 38.4 percent. The Bank's exposure in Botswana increased sharply following the conversion of external debt into grants in 1979. Since then, it has fallen and is likely to contirue to decline, as the Government's borrowings from both official and commercial sources have been increasing sharply during the past three years. 18. Botswana's project planning and execution have been good. and Bank-assisted projects have encountered relatively few complications. Botswana's overall disbursement performance has been quite good, its annual rate of disbursement averaging 24.5 percent during 1981-84. 19. A problematical operation with which the Bank has been associated is the Shase copper/nickel mining complex based at Selebi-Phikwe, the infrastructure for which was financed with the help of Bank loans totaling US$37.5 million (loans 776-BT and 776-2-BT). Although the infrastructure works were completed on schedule in 1976, the mining operation itself has experienced a prolonged financial crisis, caused mainly by depressed metal prices. This has resulted in four financial restructurings of the mining company, BCL Limited, which is owned by the Anglo-American Corporation of South Africa Limited and AMAX Incorporated of the United States. with a 15 - 6 - percent equity holding by the Botswana Government. The latest restructuring was approved by the Bank's Executive Directors in July 1985 (Memorandum R85-238). 20. Bank Strategy. The Bank's strategy for its lending program and economic and sector work in Botswana aims to support the Government's increased -umphasis on generating greater and more equitable economic oppor- tunity outside the capital-intensive mining enclaves. This will require project support for greater diversification of the economy, especially into industrial enterprises linked to livestock and arable agriculture, and assistance for helping arable agriculture overcome considerable climatic and marketing constraints. A Bank-generated study is due to begin on Botswana's potential for irrigated agriculture. In the livestock subsector, ongoing Bank assistance is seeking to increase productivity and extend ranching opportunities to a wider range of farmer, while supporting Government reforms to reverse degradation of the country's grazing lands and strengthen the whole apparatus for land-use planning and land management. Because population pressures on the fragile land resources and small modern-sector industrial base threaten in the long run to overwbelm economic progress, the Bank proposes to continue to support the comprehensive and enlightened family planning program introduced recently by the Government with the help of a Bank-financed project. 21. The Ba.- and the Government are also in agreement on the need to accelerate manpower development and *mprove the range and quality of employment-oriented training so that Botswana's high dependence on expatriates can be reduced. We expect lending for infrastructure to be reduced considerably from previous high levels, which were justified in view of the scant nrovision of infrastructure in Botswana before Independence. Future infrastructure lending and sector studies will emphasire least-cost solutions (as in energy and road transportation), defining long-term strategies (as in water supply) and institution- building. The Bank is currently preparing a study of Botswana's public sector investment program. PART III - THE EDUCATION SECTOR The Skills Gap 22. Botswana's progress in meeting employment and manpower development needs has been uneven. An impressive degree of localization of senior civil service positions has not been matched by localization of senior specialist, scientific and technical posts, especially in the parastatals, with the result that some 4,700 expatriates are employed in the public and private sectors. Although the expatriates are skillfully deployed and managed, the Government accepts the need to replace them as soon as is prudently possible within the framework of its ongoing Localization Program. As regards the labor force, the Sixth National Development Plan (NDP VI) estimates that formal employment will grow by 11,500 each year, thereby doubling formal sector employment in 10 years, while the increase in the labor force each year will be 21,000. Thus a significant surplus of sc'.ooi leavers who will remain dependent on the informal and traditional agri:ultural sectors and on specific employment- creating programs under the Financial Assistance Policy and ALDEP (para. 13). This surplus coincides with an unmet demand for primary and 4unior secondary graduates with additional training; a recent Government study indicates that about 82,000 such school-leavers will need to be trained by 1991 to close the skills gap. These perceived manpower imbalances are considered to be a crucial problem by the Government, which plans a major reorientation in the education system to make it more responsive to manpower needs (paras. 25 to 32). Under Government plans now being implemented, institutions and programs will increase full-time training from about 9,000 trainees a year in 1985/86 to 14,000 in 1990/91, thus meeting about 80 percent of the need. While these advances will significantly ease manpower shortages at the skill and semi-skill levels, the Government is faced with the longer-term problem of developing manpower in specific, higher-level skills. The proposed project will carry out studies to help identify investment options for training at such levels (para. 49), complementing an ongoing Bank-financed study to identify assistance needs for management training in Botswana. Expansion of Education 23. The consistently high priority accorded to education by the Botswana Government since Independence in 1966 is demonstrated by the remarkable expansion of enrollments, especially at primary and secondary levels. By 1984 primary school enrollments had almost tripled, from some 72,000 to 210,000, representing a participation rate of 83 percent of the relevant school age population. During the same period, secondary level enrollments increased more than seventeen-fold, from 1,565 to 27,325 students, 86 percent of these places being in the junior secondary cycle. More recently, during the period of the Fifth National Development Plan (1979-84), important advances were made in the quality of education. New curricula were formulated for primary and junior secondary schools; new learning and teaching materials were developed and distributed; and the proportion of trained teachers was increased from 63 percent to 69 percent of total staff in primary schools and 72 percent to 81 percent at the secondary level. Rates of progression from primary to junior secondary levels increased during the Plan period from 27 percent to 40 percent, and from junior secondary to senior secondary from 38 percent to 41 percent. There were also Impressive improvements in the pass rates of students graduating from secondary schools, notably at the higher levels. Enrollments at the University of Botswana went up from 990 to 1,405, with new programs included in primary teacher education, librarianship, science and educational administration and supervision. Students entering vocational and technical training increased almost four-fold, while the self-help youth labor Brigades maintained about 700 trainees in addition to 1,000 workers ew)loyed by the movement. At present there are 19 Government - 8 - secondary schools covering junior and senior levels, four Government-aided mission schools at the same level, one independent secondary school, 19 community junior secondary schools financed by the community with Government assistance, 518 Government primary schools and nine independent primary schools. A fourth Primary Teacher Training College and an advance College of Education were opened in 1985, and the annual output of trained primary teachers increased from 330 to 580. Remaining Deficiencies 24. Despite these substantial achievements, the education system is deficient in a number of important aspects. An acute shortage of classrooms hampers the quality of primary education, specifically the introduction of the revised primary school curriculum, while many classes are taught in makeshift quarters or in the open. The proportion of untrained teachers (para. 33) needs to be reduced further, with more equitable distribution of qualified teachers; and teaching and learning materials are still in short supply in many areas. Apart from the general shortage of secondary school places, there is a wide disparity in physical and educational standards between the better-off Government-run schools and Government-assisted mission secondary schools, on the one hand, and the large number of small community junior secondary schools maintained to a greater extent through tuition fees and voluntary labor. In particular, the curriculum has inadequately prepared secondary graduates for skilled employment or additional technical training, while vocational and technical education has been seriously lacking. Educational Reform Program 25. The educational objectives set out in the Sixth National Development Plan (1985-91) amount to a series of long-range reforms to achieve a balance between equitable access by all groups to general education while making the educational system more responsive to the manpower needs of the economy. Improved coordination among the various educational activities is emphasized, as well as between the education system and the community. To support this policy, the following priorities have been set: (a) substantial improvement in primary school facilities and gradual achievement of universal primary education (compared with the present participation rate of about 83 percent); (b) increased access to secondary and technical/vocational training, and growth of university enrollments mainly oriented to manpower needs; (c) quality improvement of education with particular reference to mathematics, practical subjects and science; and (d) expansion of complementary non-formal education, including implementation of an industrial apprentice training system. 26. Primary Education. The main focus of improved universal primary education will be on the rural areas, where some 85 percent of all primary students attend school in often overcrowded and inadequate conditions. Although universal primary education is the ultimate goal, the Government's present plans seek to provide about 2,400 additional classrooms, or 60 percent of the assessed need, thus enabling enrollment of 165,000 in 1991. Many of the schools would have one of two classrooms and use multi-grade teaching. Improvement in the quality of primary education will be enhanced through the proposed extension of the USAID-supported Primary Education Improvement Program, which has helped develop new curricula and provided supplementary In-service training for teachers, principals and administrators. 27. Secondary Education. Access of primary graduates to junior secondary education will be increased from 40 to 70 percent, thus doubling the number of studente entering junior secondary schools from almost 11, 000 at present to 23,000 in 1991. The schools will be small, low-cost utilitarian establishments (three-quarters will have enrollments below 240) and most will be located in rural areas. They have been designed for Intensive use, yet will afford facilities for science, practical subjects and libraries. Assisted by an ongoing USAID-sponsored Junior Secondary Education Improvement Project, the Government proposes to introduce in the near future a new junior secondary curriculum and associated learning materials more relevant to manpower needs. 28. At the same time, it is proposed to expand senior secondary education sufficient to maintain progression from junior to senior secondary at the current level of about 40 percent. A restructuring of the secondary system is proposed, so that senior secondary education will be extended from two to three years, requiring a reduction of primary schooling from seven to six years. The rationale is to increase substantially the number of secondary graduates available for further training and provide greater depth and a better structure in courses at this level. Although the proportion of students progressing to the senior level will remain the same, the expansion of junior secondary enrollments and the extension of senior secondary education to three years will result in a significant increase in senior level enrollments from 3,700 to about 17,000 in 1991. Under the restructuring, the 23 Government-aided schools, which at present combine all five grades of secondary education; will in due course be converted to three-year senior secondary establishments. Arrangements for a phased introduction of the system are being considered. 29. Equity Considerations. Equity will be served by the Government's intention to: (a) abolish the costly boarding facilities in the Government-run and Government-assisted junior secondary schools, a system which reserved school places for those able to pay boarding fees, and instead put enrollments on a catchment-area basis; (b) introduce a common fee structure for all junior secondary schools (para. 36); (c) award bursaries and education grants for junior secondary students through a means test, while standardizing grants for textbooks and learning materials; and (d) equalize the distribution of qualified and specialist teachers to remove a bias in favor of the Government-aided schools compared with community schools. The boarding facilities will be phased out progressively for junior secondary students commensurate with the pace of expansion of day schools in the rural areas. Eventually, boarding facilities will be reserved only for senior secondary students, as they often need to attend schools some distance 'rom home. - 10 - 30. Technical and Vocational Training. The technical and vocational traini.ng system in Botswana trains about 9,000 students a year in formal, out-of-school and on-the-job programs, most of which are at the 500-student BoLswana Polytechnic, the Automotive Trades Training School, the Agricultural College, the Institute of Administration and Commerce, the National Health Institute and the Institute of Development Management. These are supported by the training activities of the labor Brigades, individual ministries, and by the private sector and parastatals, notably the mining industry, commercial banks and other financial institutions, and utility companies. The present system has failed to produce sufficient trained manpower to meet Botswana's rapidly developing economy because of a lack of facilities and of specialist teachers and trainers of such teachers; poor organization and coordination among the 70 or so public agencies and private enterprises concerned; inadequate testing facilities and personnel; overcentralization; and, importantly, lack of recognized training and testing standards. 31. The recently-enacted Apprenticeship and Industrial Training Act will achieve radical changes in the training of artisans and craftsmen. It will replace the existing institution-managed system, based on the London City of Guilds curricula and examination standards, with a nationally- integrated, industry-based apprenticeship training system and three-step testing, to be reinforced by a greater variety of courses for trainees at various levels. The system will be supported by advisory committees representing different trades. These structural changes will help the Government introduce a system based on competency rather than qualification, capable of responding to actual manpower needs in industry, business and Government; regionalize vocational training and direct new activities to centers with adequate industrial backing; and progressively increase the involvement and financial contribution of employers to training, especially through a tiatning levy required under terms of the apprenticeship legislation, and which the Goverment intends to negotiate with employers when the national training system is fully commissioned. 32. To support these objectives, the Government proposes to create an Industrial Training and Trades Testing Center, to be financed by the proposed project,and four vocational training centers. The vocational centers will be located in regions designated by the Government as existing or potential growth poles. The centers would provide basic training = courses and skills upgrading for apprentices employed in local trades or industries, the programs to be flexible and responsive to manpower needs. With the expansion of such facilities, supported by the Bank and other agencies, it is estimated that 14,000 trainees will attend courses each year 1990/9L, thus closing about 80 percent of the skills gap (para. 22). 33. Provision of Teachers and Managers. The provision of teachers will be increased in Botswana with the recent establishment of a fourth primary teacher training college and a higher-level College of Education, and planned expansion of teacher training at the University of Botswana and the Luyengo (Swaziland) Teacher College. This expansion will more than compensate for the expansion of enrollments, so that the percentage of officially qualified primary teachers will be increased from 69 percent of - 11 - the total to 77 percent by 1991, while the percentage of qualified Batiwana teaching in secondary schools, as opposed to expatriates, will increase from 52 percent to 66 percent. Although the Botswana Polytechnic's training wing will increase the numbers of local teachers being trained in technical subjects, the Government's proposed rapid expansion of tecknical and vocational training will depend heavily in the foreseeable future on expatriates who are likely to be funded by the several donor agencies already active in providing teachers and technical assistance to the education sector in Botswana. An acceptable staffing plan for these centers would be a condition of disbursement in regard to this component (para. 52). Management capacity in the sector will be strengthened by degree courses and other training being offered in school administration and supervision for existing and aspiring principals and educational managers, thus complementing assistance by USAID. Under its Junior Secondary Education Improvement Project, USAID is providing 50 staff-years of fellowships for Ministry of Education personnel in addition to in-country seminars aad administration training. Organization and Administration 34. Overall responsibility for education is vested in the Ministry of Education, which oversees education planning, curriculum development, teacher training and school administration and supervision of public schools, and ensures the application of Government regulations in the small number of private schools. Local elected councils have statutory respons-.bility delegated to them by the Ministry of Local Government and Lands for. primary education facilities, including school construction maintenance. Agricultural and health education are administered by the Ministries of Agriculture and Health respectively. The Rural Extension Coordinating Committee, an interministerial body within the Ministry of Finance and Development Planning, coordinates non-formal education with the various ministries and departments. The Department of Labor of the Ministry of Home Affairs is the executing agency for industrial training programs and testing. Overall direction of the new apprenticeship and industrial training program is the responsibility of an inter-ministerial National Council, the executive agency of which is the Directorate of Industrial Training within the Ministry of Home Affairs. A national advisory board and advisory committees for key trades will advice the directorate and sponsor curriculum development. Women in the Education System 35. Women have long occupied a prominent role in education in Botswana. Female enrollments at primary and junior secondary levels have consistently exceeded those of males. At the senior secondary and vocational/technical levels women account for between 33 percent and 40 percent respectively of enrollments. Similarly women teachers predominate in primary schools (76 percent of Botswana staff) while they represent 40 nercent of Batswana secondary school staff. Salary scales do not distinguish between sexes. The prcgressive increase of womenus involvemeut in secondary education is expected to continue, and will be supported by the aims of the proposed project. - 12 - Education Financing 36. Primary education in Botswana is free. Government-aided secondary schools receive between 86 percent and 90 percent of their financial support from the Government, while the community junior secondary schools cover all but 38 percent of their costs from tuition and other fees. This system is in the process of being dismantled for a more equitable one, in which all secondary schools will receive the same level of Government assistance, although there will be no net increase in the average per capita subsidy. This will reduce the present disproportionate burden on the usually poorer parents of children attending the community schools, most of which are located in rural areas. In addition, a student bursary scheme currently limited to Government-assisted schools is being expanded to embrace community junior secondary schools. 37. To finance the planned education expansion, the Government has agreed to increase total education expenditures from US$63 million to about US$100 million (in constant 1985/86 values) by 1991, thus increasing the Ministry's share of total budget resources from 17 to 22 percent. The Ministry's recurrent budget over the period will grow from 22 percent of the Government's total recurrent budget, which is comparable to average expenditure levels in other African countries, to 28 percent, wbich is relatively high. In the Bank's view, such an increase is justified because of the existing deficiencies and inequities in the educational system, Botswana's commitment to a reform program in the sector and the heavy financial burden that will be imposed initially in establishing a new system of technical and vocational training. The absolute level of planned educational expenditures is sustainable in view of the country's economic and budgetary prospects. Bank Sector Operations and Strategy 38. Previous Lending in Sector. The Bank has helped finance three previous education projects in Botswana, with loans totaling US$40.5 million approved in 1976, 1980 and 1982. The projects have provided wide-ranging assistance in the sector, mainly for primary and junior secondary education, teacher training, development of the labor-intensive training Brigades, and various informal training programs in the public sector. They have also achieved a high level of localization of project administration staff. Implementation has been good in all three projects except for some now-resolved problems with the role of the Brigades. A Project Performance Audit Report (No. 4876 of December 1983) has been issued for the first project, while the other two projects are ongoing. The Bank has progressively incorporated lessons learnt in regard to continuity in the staffing of project management, auditing, low-cost school construction and cost-effectiveness of vocational and skills training. In addition to the above education projects, the last five projects financed by the Bank in Botswana (in the health and population, power, land management and livestock, water supply and DFC sectors) have included sector-based training components, most of which will eventually benefit from the Government's proposals for coordinating vocational training. - 13 - 39. Bank Strategy. Botswana's economic growth has far outstripped the country's ability to provide the educated and trained manpower for continued expansion of the economy. The Bank, through its lending and economic and sector programs, supports the Government's increased emphasis on technical and vocational training and on realigning the secondary school structure and curricula to enable school-leavers to be better prepared for additional employment-oriented training. In particular, the Bank views the planned national apprenticeship program and the complementary improvement in coordination among the various training institutions and private sector industries as a well-conceived and timely initiative, deserving of Bank and other donor support. In the sphere of management training, the Bank is currently carrying out a study of Botswana's needs in the context of sub-regional training coordination. The Bank endorses the Government's policies for a more equitable distribution of education and training opportunities through the rural areas; and for equalizing the fees burden so that a bias in favor of urban residents is removed. The Bank sees merit in the Government's interim proposal to upgrade, convert or replace seriously sub-standard schools as a prerequisite to the ongoing quality improvements. The Bank envisages a continued presence in the sector, with possible future assistance for higher education, advanced technical training and management and accountancy training. PART IV - THE PROJECT Background 40. The project has evolved from the Bank's long-standing presence in the education sector in Botswana, and responds to some of the main needs of the Government's current educational reform program. Although there is no direct cofinancing, the project's objectives are consistent with the extensive assistance for education in Botswana p-ovided by other donors, notably: USAID (projects for quality improvements); the African Development Bank (which has signed a loan to help finance two vocational training centers apart from substantial assistance for junior secondary education); the German Agency for Technical Assistance Cooperation (apprenticeship and industrial training programs); and well-established assistance programs by SIDA, ODA and DANIDA. The project was appraised in May 1985. Negotiations were held in Washington, DC between October 28 and 31, 1985. The Botswana delegation was led by Mr. Kenneth Matambo, Director of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance ane Development Planning. Annex III contains Supplementary Project Data. Project Objectives 41. The project would give direct support to the Government's noteworthy educational reform program, which seeks to combine greater equality of educational opportunity with major initiatives to make the system more responsive to the manpower needs of the economy. The project would especially support the Government's goals of: (a) replacing inadequate or makeshift primary school accommodation; (b) improving and expanding junior secondary education in the rural areas with a series of - 14 - small, low-cost schools; (c) achieving extensive quality improvements, particularly in the teaching of science, mathematics and practical subjects; (d) enlhancing equity in the payment of fees and access to schooling and bursaries; and (e) establishing a national program of apprenticeship training and trades testing backed up by an expansion of vocational training activities. Project Description 42. The project would provide for: (a) 500 primary school classrooms and primary school teaching/learning materials; (b) 31 new, replacement or upgraded junior secondary schools, and improved library services at this level; (c) an Iadustrial Training and Trades Testing Center and two vocational training centers; (d) studies related to manpower development, future investments in higher education and cost-savings; and 'e) technical assistance for project management. Detailed Features 43. Primary Education. The project would construct and equip 500 classrooms and related facilities (e.g. offices, stores and housing), providing places for some 20,000 students. It would give immediate relief to the present situation, in which there is a shortfall of some 1,700 classrooms, apart from the teaching of about 1,600 classes in makeshift circumstances, e.g. in village halls and under trees. Also, the project would provide the primary school system with new textbooks and teachers' guides developed for the revised curriculum. 44. Secondary Education. The project would construct and equip 13 new junior secondary schools, similarly replace 10 schools in temporary or inadequate quarters, and upgrade 8 other schools, mainly with the addition of a multi-purpose block offering science, practical subjects and library facilities. These schools would be small, low-cost establishments with enrollments initially of between 160 or 240, and would be part of an expanding network of such facilities in rural areas. Local communities will be responsible for some teacher housing and some administrative expenditures. The project would provide new or improved junior secondary facilities for about 11,100 students, and library reference books and resource materials for some 68 junior secondary schools where these are lacking. The Government has agreed to establish by December 31, 1986, a program for the training and placement of teacherllibrarians in all project-supported junior secondary schools. This training will be carried out by the Department of Curriculum Development and Evaluation in the Ministry of Education. - 15 - 45. Vocational and Technical Training. To support the Government's major initiatives to expand antd improve vocational and technical training,the project would establish an Industrial Training and Trades Testing Center and two vocational training centers. The proposed testing center will be pivotal to implementation of the new legislation creating a national program for apprenticeship training. It would be responsible for developing national standards for industrial training, testing and certification, and achieving an institutional capacity for research into manpower-related fields and for evaluation of training activities. The center, located in the capital of Gaborone, will serve as the headquarters of the Directorate of Industrial Training (para. 34), which will coordinate all industrial training carried out by some public and private sector agencies. The center will also provide facilities for 240 trainees undertaking courses in skill upgrading and instructor training. 46. The project's vocational training centers would be established at Palapye in the north-east quarter of Botswana and at Naun in the far north-west. Palapye is characteristic of one of Botswana's large, semi-urban villages, and serves as a focus for a population of close to 100,000 in an area that includes the substantial settlement of Serowe. Economic activity in the area has expanded with the growth of the nearby Morupule Colliery and the current construction of a power station, which will serve as the center of a national power grid. Services and various commercial enterprises are being established or expanded to serve the coal mining-electric power complex. The other Bank-financed vocational training center would be at Haun, which is a marketing center in the remote northwest, serving a regional population of about 40,000. Kaun has become important to the cattle industry with the recent opening of an abattoir in the town, and is located in an area in which the Government has given priority to irrigated agriculture, tourism and fisheries in the Okavango Delta and nearby riverine areas. 47. The project's vocational traini-ig centers would provide 312 trainee plans at Palapye and 290 at Maun, and promote flexible apprenticeship training programs and short courses in skill-training and skill-upgrading in a wide range of trades (e.g. construction and carpentry, electrical fitting, plumbing, machinery and welding, bookkeeping and other commercial subjects, hotel employment and fisheries). Similar training centers are being supported by the African Development Bank in the copper/nickel-mining town of Selebi-Phikwe and the diamond mining center of Jwaneng. All the new vocatioual training centers will depend heavily on existing industrial and other enterprises (e.g. coal, copper/nickel and diamond mining, abattoir production, electric power generation and railway maintenance) for providing apprenticeship-linked employment in various skills that could be marketed by the trained personnel elsewhere in Botswana. 48. Studies. To support the Government's adjustments to the education system in favor of employment-related education and training, the project will finance a study to identify specific investment options for higher and higher technical education, including a review of financing needs and cost-recovery for higher education. The role of the private sector in financing industrial training would also be examined. Other - 16 - studies to be financed by the project would: (a) recommend ways of improving the cost-effectiveness of vocational training; (b) assess the correlation between education/training and employment; and (c) investigate alternative construction techniques (e.g. compacted soil for brickmaking) to enhance low-cost schools construction. Outlines describing the objectives of the studies have been reviewed by the Bank, and are satisfactory. Detailed terms of reference are currently being cleared by the various Government agencies concerned. 49. Technical Assistance would also be provided for Project Execution (para. 51). Cost and Financing 50. The project's total costs, including contingencies and excluding taxes of US$700,000, are estimated at US$44.0 million, of which US$29.7 million are foreign. Costs of construction, equipment and materials account for 92 percent of base costs; and are based on an analysis by local chartered surveys of contracts awarded for similar items. Professional services, technical assistance and studies account for remainder of costs. Physical contingencies have been estimated at 9 percent of base cost. Price contingencies, reflecting local, South African and international inflation rates, are estimated at 10 percent for FY86, 9 percent for FY87 and 7.8 percent for FYs88-89, and 4.8 percent for 1991. The Bank loan of US$26.0 million would finance 88 percent of foreign exchange costs (or 60 percent of total project costs net of taxes), while the Government's contribution of US$18.0 million would finance the remainder of foreign costs and all local costs. For primary schools, the average construction unit cost per square meter of US$160 compares with similar costq in 1984 of $110 in Ethiopia and $174 in Lesotho. The average square meter cost of US$197 for junior secondary schools also compares well with regional averages. When fully implemented, the project is expected to generate recurrent expenditures equivalent to about six percent of the Ministry of Education's recurrent expenditures prevailing at the time. Project Execution and Monitoring 51. Overall coordination of the project would be carried out by the Project Implementation Unit maintained in the Ministry of Education for the three previous Bank-assisted education projects. The unit consists of a director, procurement manager, accountant and support staff. All positions except that of the project director were localized during the previous Bank-assisted projects. Any change in the above key personnel would be subject to the Bank being satisfied with qualifications and terms of reference of appointees. As the aid-financed contract of the unit's director will expire in February 1990, the project provides for continued financing of the position for one year until completion of the project. To reduce costs, the supervision of the construction of the junior secondary schools will be performed by the Project Implementation Unit instead of consultants. Therefore, the project provides the unit with 16 staffyears of clerk of works services, as well as vehicles. There is also provision for 9 staffyears of accounting in the Ministry of Local Government and Lands to assist primary school expansion; and 2 staffyears of specialists - 17 - for architectural services and prainvestment studies. The Ministry of Local Government and Lands would, as is customary, be responsible for construction and administration of primary school facilities, delegating detailed implementation to the district councils. 52. The Ministry of Local Government and Lands would provide the Project Implementation Unit and the Bank before each fiscal year: (a) an annual development plan and budget, satisfactory to the Bank, for the construction of the primary school facilities; and (b) annual reports on completed work as compared with the plan. Contracts for primary schools would be awarded by the district councils and work supervised by them through the works departments of the district councils. Although the Project Implementation Unit will be responsible for construction and establishment of the trades testing center, the system will be administered by the Labor Department of the Ministry of Rome Affairs, working in conjunction with the recently-established National Council on Technical Education and Vocational Training, and national and industry-based advisory councils. The Project Implementation Unit would also supervise implementation of the project's studies by the appropriate agencies. As a condition of disbursement for the civil works for the vocatina"l training and trades testing centers, the Government will submit a satisfactory staffing plan for the institutions, including technical assistance expected from the various donors who intend to support the program. The Government has also given assurances that it will formally establish all key positions at the institutions by April 30, 1987, i.e. about six months before the estimated completion of construction. The positions of principals of the vocational training centers have already been established. 53. Status of Preparation. Designs and bid documents for all primary and secondary schools are completed and have been reviewed and found satisfactory by the Bank. The construction of eight junior secondary schools, to replace seriously inadequate quarters, has begun and is subject to retroactive financing not exceeding US$1.5 million for expenditures incurred after June 1, 1985, and prior to loan signing. Designs for the testing center and the project-financed vocational training centers are in an advanced stage and are expected to be ready for tender by February 1986. Sites for the primary classrooms would be selected by District Councils following agreed Government guidelines; and satisfactory sites exist for the project's junior secondary schools. The sites for the testing and vocational training centers have already been transferred to the Ministries concerned . The project would provide for local consultants to perform the pre-contract architectural work 'or the project. Procurement 54. Procurement and appointment of consultants and specialists would be according to Bank guidelines. Contracts for civil works, furniture, equipment, vehicles and textbooks would be awarded on the basis of international competitive bidding except as follows: (a) due to the small size and the remote and scattered locations of the primary school facilities to be provided by the project, the contracts for civil works and furniture would be awarded by competitive bidding advertised locally and in - 18 - accordance with standardized local procedures satisfactory to the Bank. As there will be about 200 small Lontracts for this component, the Ministry of Local Government and Lands would use agreed Statement of Expenditure procedures for reimbursement. (b) As about half of the junior secondary schools wili be scattered in remote areas and constructed over a period of a few years, individual contracts for civil works estimated to cost less than US$600,000 may be procured (up to an aggregate of US$7.0 million) through local competitive bidding in accordance with procedures satisfactory to the Bank. (c) Textbooks for primary education are being developed in close cooperation between the government and selected publishers and would be procured on a negotiated basis satisfactory to the Bank. (d) Library books for the junior secondary schools would be procured on a negotiated basis, satisfactory to the Bonk, either directly from the various publishers or through specialized book procurement agencies. (e) Furniture, and equipment costing less than US$50,000 equivalent each would be awarded by competitive bidding, advertised lacally and in accordance with local procedures satisfactory to the Bank. The total value of items procured by this method would not exceed US$500,000. International Competitive Bidding would cover 51 percent of the loan amount. Standardized sketch designs, draft tender documents and master lists for coustruction, furniture, equipment, vehicles and textbooks, indicating proposed grouping and estimates of costs, would be reviewed by the Bank. Items would be grouped to the extent practicable to encourage competitive bidding and to permit bulk procurement. Review of tender evaluation documents, prior to award, would be required only for contracts above US$250,000 equivalent for civLl work3 and US$50,000 equivalent for furniture, equipment, textbooks and vehiclese Disbursements 55. Disbursement would be made on the basis of: 60 percent of expenditures for civil works; 100 percent of foreign expenditures, 100 percent of local expenditures (ex-factory cost) and 60 percent of local expenditures for items procured locally in respect of furniture, equipment, vehicles and textbooks; and 100 percent of foreign expenditures and 60 percent of local expenditures for professional services and studies. All disbursements would be fully documented except those for primary classroom construction and contracts valued below US$20,000 equivalent. These would be made against statements of expenditures, docutentation for which would be subject to an annual audit by auditors acceptable to the Bank. The Borrower would not submit applications for reimbursement valued below US$20,000 equivalent. Based upon experience in previous Bank projects, and because the project provides for accountants (para. 56) to monitor the accounts of the primary school components, the Ministry of Local Government and Lands and the Project Implementation Unit would have satisfactory institutional capacity to use statements of expenditure. Disbursement for civil works of the vocational training component is subject to satisfactory staffing arrangements (para. 52). Reporting and Evaluation 56. Following procedures established under the Bank-assisted Second and Third Education Projects, semi-annual reports on implementation progress wotld be submitted each year during project implementation to the - 19 - Bank not later than May 31 and November 30 respectively. Not later than five months after the project Closing Date, the Project Implementation Unit would provide to the Bank a report evaluating the execution, initial operations, costs and benefits of the proposed project and the performance of the Government and the Bank including lessons learned during project implementation. Auditing 57. Auditing would be required on an annual basis for all expenditures, including statements of expenditure financed. The accounts pertaining to primary school expansion under the Ministry of Local Government and Lands and the districts would be prepared with the assistance of three accountancy specialists currently employed and whose continuation would be financed by the project. Accounts pertaining to the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Ministry of Education would be prepared by the Project Implementation Unit. All audit reports would be submitted to the Bank within nine months following the end of the Borrower's fiscal year, synchronized with the Government's audit cycle. Auditing would be performed by independent auditors acceptable to the Bank, and applying satisfactory auditing procedures. Maintenance 58. Primary school maintenance is the responsibility of the District Councils; maintenance of the other facilities included in the project would be the responsibility of the management boards of the institutions concerned. Local communities provide free labor for school and housing maintenance programs in their areas. Adequate budgets for maintenance are provided both at district and central government levels. School maintenance is usually satisfactory, although SIDA is financing a study to examine ways to improve the system. Benefits 59. The project's direct quantifiable benefits include the provision of 20,000 primary school places, 11,100 junior secondary school places, and about 900 places in the new training and testing institutions. The main impact of schools expansion and upgrading will be felt mainly in the rurral areas, where some 80 percent of the population lives and vhere primary and junior secondary schools are lacking or housed in unsatisfactory quarters. Parallel action by the Government to equalize secondary school fees throughout the system will remove an advantage enjoyed by urban dwellers over their rural counterparts. The project's assistance for vocational training and testing would be pivotal to the Government's creation of a national system for apprenticeship training and standardized testing and certification. The program, complemented by ongoing measures to improve overall quality of education, will make the entire education system in Botswana more balanced and responsive to the manpower needs of the expanding economy. The project vould ensure the Bank's continued presence in the sector at a time of important reorientation and restructuring. The Bank's involvement in the project is serving as a catalyst for extensive donor assistance likely to be integrated with the project's objectives. - 20 - Risks 60. While three of the four vocational training centers being financed by the World Bank and the African Development Bank are located in economically highly active areas, the center at Maun would be in an area where promising growth potential is yet to be realized. However, the Government has given priority to the provision of resources for such development, with the recent commissioning of an abattoir, a proposed surface road to serve the region, expanded tourist facilities and a number of ongoing or proposed programs for irrigated agriculture and fisheries. PART V - RECOMMENDATIONS 61. I am satisfied that the proposed loan would comply with the Articles of Agreement of the Bank and recommend that the Executive Directors approve the proposed loan. A. W. Clausen President Washington, D.C. November 20, 1985 - 21 - ANINEX 7 T^";I' 2A Page i of 6 ZTWIUI~~~~SOIA - "rm m c117^T ta=-A""l- MSTT (HOT 1sawr ISTTIATH) II iumotk 19 70th. oT A,:LA I"NCU * DDL I1NMW I 1dh sia a-ruTg AFC S. or SA" . ^AIRcA G tn s" ANA cm11mamD go. m) rurAL xol000. *00.6 e.4. A:RIONLTOJRAL 424.7 639.7 433.. s CAPITA ( .. .. (lu.V 1062. 11s.9 SbUsv lh8SflIflU 131 CT 't Lik&A-1 OF OIL EquIVALENT) 157.0 251.0 337.0 34.5 * I.9 nMu101 AM VITS.L nmmTw POPUAnTflNJUM- AR (THODMSDn) 445.0 577.0 9911.0 Uass POPUiATIUN (S OF TOTAL) 1.7 9.5 22.6 32.0 49.0 POP WATOGN 1tOAlClCTONS POPULATIO IN WAR 2000 (ItLL) 1.3 STATIOIABV POPULATION (MILL) 5.6 POCULATION WHI mS 1.9 POPULATIN OSNEIT na sQ. in. 0.7 1.0 1.7 65.1 3' a P SQ. IN. MAQ. LIMO 1.0 1.3 2.1 124.3 470.1 POPULATION ACE 5TCTURB C2) 0-14 URS 65.8 46.7 47.6 45.6 43.5 1544 3rs 51.4 "A 67.9 51.5 3e.0 6S An1AIM 2.4 2.6 4.4 2.7 3.3 POPtLATION CRUMI RATE (t) TOTAL 2.1 2.6 6.2 2.9 La URA 16.1 19.3 11.1 5.1 4.4 CRUM NIATH bn (PEIIR TU0S) 51.7 52.2 4.2 47.0 40.0 CRUDE DEATH RATE CMPER iNOs) 12.7 10.6 9.6 35.0 11.3 03S0 REPROUETON RAIT 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 2LS FALM PAWaW ZCC51PO5. ANNUIL (THOUS) .. .. 11.3 iC. Qs5 or 1A1Leb wom ) .. .. .. 6.4 21. mm AMNiTna %XEM or l!OO nou OR CxctA C1969-.1-lW;) 91.0 96.0 70.0 82.9 95.1 MR CAnt SUPLT or CALOIuES a OF RIQUIRIUS) g9.0 100.0 9.0 93.5 118.2 lRDIUS (CAM PER DAY) 30.0 0.0 69.0 55.4 nJ. Of INICH AIAL AND PULSE 40.0 37.0 34.0 /c 16.5 17.8 an tAGS 1-4) OaLT uRnT 22.6 16.7 13.3 16.6 12.8 LIEr musa- AT Kinl CTEaS) 534. 57.9 61.0 52.0 57.8 DWNT alRT. ATZ (PE ImNsM) 114.6 1I0.1 74.Z 106.6 96.3 aCCSS TO SAFE WATER (POP) TOTAL .. 29.0 .. 42.4 67.2 URBAN .. 71.0 100.0 /a 67.5 93.6 RURAL 260 .. 35.3 45.3 ACCESS TO maru DISPOSA CZ OF POPUlATnoN) TOrAL .. .. .. 2.9 45.9 ORBAN .. .. .. 57.7 03.0 RU . .. 20.7 21.6 POPLATIMON Pet PUSCN 22250.0 14070.0 .. 11791.7 4*31.u POP. PE 1sue1 1 PERSON 479O.0 la 1140.0 .. 2459.6 1345.0 POP. PER HOSPITAL MM TorAL 4o.o 350.0 340.0 ff 931.1 *21.8 Ba .. .. 60.0 361.8 545.0 RURAL ,. .. 4230.0 [f 4371.9 2511.3 ADKISSIONS PE2 hOSPrIAL RED .. 15.3 .. 27.2 25.7 aumm AVERSE SJZE OF NOUSENOLD TOTAL . .50f 5.0 , RURAL .. .. seZ .. AVERaZ N. OF MRSONS/R00% TOTAL .. .. URA .. RuRL .. .. . .. PCTAE or WILSuws SaC!. nre .. .. . .. u ,... . .. .. -22 - ANNEX I TAILK 34 Page 2 of 6 RSWANA - SOCIA TNINICATORS DATA SWEET YnTsWANA REFERENCE GUPS c(Inia AVEACS) /a inST (mnST RECEIT zsT5AT2 ) Ab RECENT dIDDLE 14CO1 nUDDrn IIOE 19601/b 1970/bL ESTrIA,.r/b AFRICA S. OF SAIiaA M. AFRCA 6 tED EAST ADJUSTED ENROLIJ4ENT 3ATLos PRIHARY: TOTAL 12.0 69.0 102.0 95.7 b9.U MALE l5.0 6S.0 94.0 OU.O 103.7 FDIALE 48.0 73.0 110.0 83.2 75.2 SECONDARY: TOTAL 1.0 7.0 23.u 17.3 42.9 MALE 1.0 8.0 21.0 25.0 5U.9 FEMALE 1.0 7.0 25.0 14.8 34.6 VOCATIONAL (2 OF SEODARY) 4.2 19.4 7.8 5.9 10.0 PUPL-tEAQ3ER RATIO PRDIA 31.0 36.0 32.0 41.1 79.7 SECNDARY 12.0 15.0 16.0 25.5 18.8 camsurn PASSENGER CARWTHOUSAND POP 2.9 3.1 8.7 /d 20.8 17.8 RADIO RECEIVERIS/ITHOUSAND PO 4.7 34.7 103.5 107.8 175.9 TV RECEIVERS/TIHOUSAND POP .. .. .. 20.8 51.2 NEWSPAPER ("AILY GENERAL INTEREST") CIRCULATION PER THOUSAND POPULATION .. 22.5 19.7 18.4 37.2 CUIERA ANNUAL LTUDACEI'CAPITA .. 0.2 .. 0.4 2.4 TOTAL LABOR FORCE (TmOOS) 227.0 270.0 435.0 FEMALE (PERCENT) 49.8 52.6 50.1 36.2 11.0 SRIaJLTURE (ERCRNT) 92.0 87.0 78.3 /d 54.5 42.4 INDUSTSR (PERCENT) 3.0 4.0 7.7 7d 18.3 27.9 PAIIPATION RATE (PERCENT) TOTAL 50.9 46.7 43.6 3m.8 26.2 MALE 53.2 47.7 46.6 47.1 f6.2 FEMALE 48.9 45.9 41.8 27.2 5.8 ECONOM DEENDENCY RATIO 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.8 -lc D}S=DIISlBll PERCENT OF PRIVAE INCIU RECEIVED Br RICEEST SOF I3OUSEI3LDS - 28.1 /. w.amiab ZI OF H0USESlLDS .. 60.3 7W .. TALEST 20S Of USEl0ioLDS .. 1.6 l. LOUEST 40S OF OUSELDS .. 7.6 W .. ESTIAMAE ABSOLUTE POVERlY INCOME LEEL CUSS PER CAPITA) URBAN .. .. 284.0 Id 590.7 226.3 RAL .. .. 154.0 7;d 275.3 134.0 EST1A RELATlVE lOEI 1100 LEVEL (05$ PER CAPIA) URBAN ,, ,, 303.0 Id 545.6 431.5 RURAL .. .. 303.0 7; 201.1 326.0 ESTIeATED POP. ELW ABSOtLTE POVERTY INCOME LEVEL (Z) URBAN .. .. 40.0 /d RURAL .. .. 55.0 /d .. 29.0 Not AVAIILAE NOr APPLICABLE NOT E S /. The grap aeraege for each indicator are pOPulatLon-welt$ed arithmetic m*. Wrerage of coetrim song the indicatore dependa on avaflablity of data and La not uniform. /b Unleas othendie noted, "Data for 1960' refer to auy year between 1959 and 1961; "Data for 1970" betwee 1969 and 1971; and data for 'Most Recet Estimate betneen 1981 nd 1983. /c 1977: /d 1980; ie 1962; /f 1976; J 1978; h Economica1y active population. JUNE, 1905 - 23 - ANNEX I Page 3 or 6 DEFlNITIONS OF WOCIAL INDICATORS I Noe; Although thedata ae drawn from smurc gmllyjud the mot autortatveand bl It should also bhnotad that they may unentllom lly ! wnfpurb bluow of the lack nr standadIsd dfllniomns and wnapsu ud by diffaet counuil In collecting the dua. no data ar nhelcs., useul to dscrh orihn of manilude Inolcaue raids, and chatrcne cntzain maJor dalfrimna betwen countries The r-ence groups ar (lI the me cwntry group of the subjet country and (2) * country group with mnehat higher avee Income than tde country group of theaubject country (mapt or'ig Income Oil Expon" group whem Middle Income North Afrca and MUddle Eat" it chosen baun sronger snom-cultural mftleal. In the rfen grup dau th avarpa am population welgihted arithmetic meas for ck Indkicor and thoun only when majority or the counui In aL group haa data for that Iodicator Since thecourge of cosuntlries mnmi the Inator depends on shebavailabIliy of data and not llrm. caudon must be crcldsd In relatIng averap of one Indicator to nothr Thee aea are only usfl In comparng the vWlue of one Inicator al a time among Ike comiry and reerenc pFoups. AREA (thotisand iq.km.) Crd*eD Re R (pe r/heuavd-Numberorlive birtbs in the year Teed-Totial surracc area comprising lnd area and inind watrs; per thouand or mid-yar populatdon: 1960. 1970. and 1933 data. 1960. 1970 and 1913 data Crnde Dea RAW (pr trhmsnad)---Nuumber or deaths in the year Aplaeuiral--Etimate of agricultural ae used temporrily or per thousand ormid-year population: 1960. 1970, and 1933 data. permanently for crops, pastures, market and kitchen gardens or to Gro Reprodw Reth-Avergc number ordaughters a woman lic fallow. 196I. 1970 and 1932 data. wiU bear in her normal rcproductive period if she expericnces present age-speclic fertility rates; usually five-year aveage ending GNP PER CAPITA (USS)-GNP per capita esimates at cunrent in 1960. 1970, and 1933. maiket prices. cakulated by same conversion method as Wrlid F&Aa Pmwig-Awpnen, Awma (rtrsusdaj- Annual nun- Bank .Aghz,u11981-33 basis): 1933 data. ber of cceptors ofbirth-control devices under auspices ornational ENERGY CONSUMPrION PER CAPITA--Annual apparent family planning program. consumption of commercial primary energy (coal and lignite. Fkdy PAmntsq-Llern (piervetaofmaie mnw,ear-The peren- petroleum. natural gas and hydro-. nuclear and geothrmal dee- tage of maried women of child-bearing age who are practicing or tricity) in kilograms of oil equivalent per capita: 1960. I 970. and whose husbands are practicing an> form cf contraception. Women 19112 data of child-bearing age are generally women aged 1549. although ror some countries contraceptive usage is measurd for other age POPUn ATION AND VITAL STATISTICS groups. T4otalPepuhzui.ea,Md-Yesr ( Jhousansds-As ofJuly 1;1960.1970. FOOD AND NUTRITION and 1913 data. :ads ofFeed Prdwi Per Capita (1969-71 - IOOJ-Index of per Urban Popultion (perceno r roel-Ratio of urban to total capita annual production of all food commodities Production population; different definitions of urban areas may affcct compar- excludes animal feed and seed for agriculture. Food commodities ability of data among countries; 1960. 1970. and 1983 data include primary commodities (eg. sugarcane instead or sugar) Popuation A_jecious which are edible and contain nutrient (e.g. coffee and tea are Pbpulation ir year 2000-The projection of population for 2000, xcluded) they comprie creals. root crops, pulses. oil seeds, made for each economy separately. Starting with information on vegetabes, fruits. nuts, sugucane and supr beets, livestock, and total population by age and sex. fertility rate mortality rates. and livestock products. Aggregate production of each country is based international migration in the base year 1930. these parameters on national average producer price weights: 1961-65. 1970. and were projected at five-year intervals on the basis of generalized 1982 data. assumptions until the population became stationary. Per pita Suply ofC&aeies (pernt nireqiemnet-Comput- Stationary populaion -Is one in which age- and sex-specific mor- ed from calorie equivalent of net food supplies available in country taliy rates have not changed over a long period. while age-specific per capita per day. Available supplies comprise domestic produc- fertility rates have simultaneously remained at replacment level tion. imports less exports, and changes in stock. Net supplies sace reproduction rate- 1). In such a population. the birth ate is exdude animal feed. seeds for use in agriculture, quantities used ma constant and equal to the death rate. the age structure is aLso food processing, and losses in distribution. Requirements were constant. and the growth rate is zero. The stationary population estimated by FAO based on physiological needs for normal activity size was estinatcd on the basis of the projccted characteristics of and health considering environmental temperature. body weightt the population in the year 2000. and the rate of decline of fertility age and sex distribution of population. and allowing 10 percent ft. rate to repLacement lcvde waste at household level 1961. 1970 and 1982 data. Population Momentum ---ls the tendency for population growth to Per Capita Supply of Proein (gron per duf)-Protein content of continue beyond the time that replacement-level fertibity has been per capita net supply of food per day. Net supply of rnd is definL"i achieved. that is. even after the net reproduction rate has reached as abovc. Requirements for all countries established by USDA1 unity. The momentum of a population in the year t is measured as provide for minimum allowances of 60 grams of total protein per a ratio of the ultimate stationary population to the population in day and 20 grams of animal and pulse protein. of which 10 grams the year z. given the assumption that fertlity remains at replace- should be animal protein. These standards.are lower than those of mcnt level from year I onward. 1985 data. 75 grams of total protein and 23 grams of aninmal protein as an Popuatio Denity average for the worid. proposed by FAO in the Third World Food Per sq km.-Mid-year population per square kilometer (100 bec- Supply; 1961. 1970 and 1982 data. tar-n) ot toLtal area; 1960. 1970. and 1983 data. Per Cyaita A-rabs SWpply from Aubsd nd Puke- --Protein supply Per sq.Arn:. rgnaltural land-Computed as above for agricultural of food derived from animals and pulss in grams per day: 1961-65. land only. 1960. 1970. and 1982 data. 1970 and 1977 data. PoplatiEs Age Structure (percent)-Children (0- 14 years). work- CAh (aqes 1-4) Death Rte frr thousand)- -Number of deaths or ingage(15-64 years). and retired (65 years and over) as percentage children aged 1-4 years per thousand children in the same age of mid-year population; 1960. 1970. and 1983 data. group in a given year. For most developing countrie data derived Popuian Grw tA Rare (pericentr--tro -Annual growth rates of from life tables 1960. 1970 and 1983 data. total mid-yeai population for 1950-60. 1960-70. and 1970-83. HEALTH Population Growth Rare (percenti--raan-Annual growth rates Life E&pectawy at Sil ()years-Number of years a newborn of urban population ror 1950-60. 1960-70. and 1970-83 data. infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality for all people - 24 - ANNEX I Page 4 01 @ at the time of of its birth were to stay the same throughout its lire: Pupll-earher Ratio - primarr and serondwr-Total students en- IS60, 1970 and 1983 data. rolled in primary and secondary levels divided by numbers of loit Matalit Rate (pgr tilhszed)-Number of infants who die teachers in the corresponding levels. before raching one year of age per thousand live births in a giveri year 1960. 1970 and 1983 data. CONSUMMFION Aerms to Safe WRe (pecao 4 IUAm.)-mUIEL rbth, adi Pasweger Cars (per thauand popeldadee---iPassenger cars com- ravel-Number of people (total, urban, and rural) with reasonable prise motor cars seating less than eight pemons excludes ambui- access to safe water supply (indudes treated surface waters or anc, hearses and military vehicles untreated but uncontaminated water such as that from protected Riio Receirs (per r_ls pepl -AII types of recoivers boreholes. springs and sanitary wells) as percentages of their respec- for radio broadcasts to general public per thousand of population: tive populations. In an urbn area a public fountain or standpost exdudes un-licensed recovers in countries and in years when located not more than 200 meters from a house may be considered mgistration Or radio scts was in effet data for reent years way as being within reasonablc access of that house. In rural arcas not be comparabdi since most countries aboished liyeasing. reasonable access would imply that the housewife or members of the houselhold do not have to spend a disproportionate part or the day TVReceirs (per rhomsud pep& etore- -TV receivers for broadcast in fetching the family's water neds. to enaeral public per thosand population: exdudes unftcensed TV Acces a. xcret Disosal percnt ofpepaetiba-tetl. ~receivers in countries and in years when registration of TV set weas Ae toEereta Didpsa (pfe of pepumr-tJ id aeelrban i efct. ea rural-Number of people (total. urban, and rural) served by m ect. exemrta disposal as percentages of their respective populations. uper Civeelan (per shausnaldpopautae)-Shows the aver- Excreta disposal may indcude the collection and disposaL with or age circulation of -daily general interest newspaper. ddeinod a, a without treatment. of human exereta and waste-water by water- periodical publication devoted primarily to recording general news. borne systems or the use of pit privies and similar installations. It is considered to be -daily" if it appears at least four times a week. PopulerMr Poyidaw-Flpulation divided by number of prac- Cme A_ml AWndIe per Capita Year-Based on the tising physicians qualified from a nedical school at university level. number of tickets sold during the vear. induding admissions to fieu per Narsig Persow-F1pulation divided by number of drive-in cinemas and mobile units. practicing male and female graduate nurses, assistant nurses. LABOR FORCE prmctical nurses and nursing auxiliaries. Posadl per failoispe Red-tota, urba, and rwal-fopulation Trae/ Labor force (trhaiseedr-Economically active persom. in (total, urban, and rural) divided by their respective number of duding armed forces and unemployed but excluding housewives hospial bds aviLiWin pulic nd prvate gewa andstudents. etc.. covering population of all ages Definitions in hospital beds avaibleinpublicand private genealandbspcalized various countries are not comparabic 1960. 1970 and 1983 data. h ospitals and rehabilitation centers. Hospitals arce stablislnents pemanently sercd by at kast one physician. Estabislnts prcv- Fex (percsf)-Female labor force as pecente of total labor iding principally custodial care are not included. Rural hospitals, force. however. include health and medical centers not permanently staffed Agiriabne (perentr-Labor force in farming. forstry. hunting by a physician (but by a medical assistant, urse, midwifc. ctc.) and fishing as percentage of total labor force; 1960. 1970 and 1980 which offer in-patient accommodation and provide a limited range data. of medical facilities. inAwry (percet)-Labor forec in mining, constructonL manu- Ad.siias per Heps! Bed-Total number of admissions to or facturing and elctricity. water and gas as percentage of total labor discharpes from hospitals divided by the number of beds force 1960. 1970 and 1980 data. AWmridpate RPe (perear,J--eer4ak.sdaium pale-r pation HOUSING or activity rates are computed as totaL mal and female labor force Aere SirE 4r Househbod (pers per hosbkf)-eorad. whew. as percentages of total. male and female population of all ages anarsa--A household consists of a pgoup of individuals who share respectively: 1960. 1970. and 1983 data. These are based on ILOas living quarters and their main meals. A boarder or lodger may or participation rates reflecting age-sex structur of the population. and may not be included in the household for statistical purposes. long time trend. A few estimates are from national sources. Aerawge Nubr of Ps pe Rooneratol ub. ar d nwa'- Ecewemie Dependesuy Rdrta-Ratio of population under IS. and Average number of persnns per room in .dl urban. and rural 65 and over. to the working age population (those aged 15-4). occupied conventional dwe0lings. rspecivdy. Dwellings exdude non-permanent structures and unoccupied parts. INCOME DISTRIBUBtON Percrage ef DelSirs wit Elerrieiy-t-roal. whea, - rural- ercetage of Totel Disahle laca/ (baJth cas and hind)-- Conventional dwellings with eklctricity in living quarters as percen- Accruing to percentile groups of households ranked bv total house- tae of total. urban, and rural dwellings respectively, hold income. EDUCATION POVERTY TARGET GROUPS A gusrA Ed ueler Ratis The following estimates are very approximate measures of poverty Afinwry srhool - rotal. mank and fenro-Cmross total, male and levels. and should be interpreted with considerable caution. female cnrollment of all ages at the primary level as percentages of Esimaed AbsolAte Poverty luconwevel d(TSS per capirta )-u an mspective primary school-age populations. While many countries ad rest-Absolute poverty income level is that incnme levd consider primary school age to be 6-11 years. others do not. The below which a minimal nutritionally adequate diet plis cssential differences in countty pracices in the ages and duration of school non-food requirements is not affordable. are reflected in the ratios given. For some countries with universal Eimated Relative Poverty Jom Level (USi per capka)-arhe education, gross enrollment may exceed 100 percent since some a nerw-Rural relative povcrty income level is one-thiard of pupils are beow or above the country's standard primary-school average per capita personal income of the country. Urban level is age- derived from the rural level with adjustment for higher cost of Secondar school - total, mae andfemai-Computed as above: living in urban areas. secondary education requires at least four years of approved pn- nir ated bppaiess Beow Absohlte lonver lme Lert! (per- mary instructon provides geeral. vocationaL or teacher training cent-urban and rare-- Percent of population turban and rural instructions for pupils usually of 12 to 17 years of age: correspond- who are "absolute poor.- cne courses are generally excluded. Vocatioei Enrolmeni (percenr of secondan.j-Vocational institu- Comparative Analysis and Data Division tions include technical. industrial, or other programs which operate Economic Analysis and Projections Departmcnt independently or as departnents of secondary institutions. June 1985 - 25 - ANME I Page 5 of 6 BCM nD ESfA GM NATIAL FROM= IN 19B2/83 ARL RAE OF M (% contant prices) US$ fn. 1982/83 GNP at Market Prices 818.0 +18.0 gross lhfestic Investment 282.9 Oross NaticEil Saving 124.7 Oirrent Accmunt Balance +1.9 Exports Ef Goods, NFS 748.3 +26.3 liports of Goods, NS 802.5 40.1 Irr, IAB(R FtC AND Value Aded IaIlr Forcea V.A. Per WOer llWCIlVflY IN 1982/83 US$ Ifln. % MLO. % US$ Z of Ave. Agriculture 67 7.4 0.300 62.4 223 11.8 Iadustry 402 44.2 0.034 7.1 11,824 625.6 Services 440 484 0.147 30.5 2,993 158.4 Total/Aerage 909 100.0 0.481 100.0 1,890 100.0 -3X4 FnWNX Gentral Gueuimnet (P. Mn.) 2 ofE GP 1983/84 1983/84 1980181 - 1982/83 Qarrent Receipts 514.8 51.6 40.1 Chrrent Ejxenditures 272.6 27.3 26.5 Oirrent Surplus 242.2 24.3 13.6 Captal Expenditures 136.3 1317 16.5 External Assistance (net) 34.3 3.4 3.9 MEY, CREDIr and P S 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984b (Milla P Oustadig Ekd Period) My and Qasi Mlrey 236.9 226.5 245.8 321.1 366.1 Bark Credit to Pablic Sector (net)C -92.1 -67.4 -105.9 -185.0 -353.2 Bar Crndit to Private Sectr 97.3 144.4 148.4 177.1 239.3 (Percentage or Index Numbers) -4e and 7Qsi*xmey as Z E GOP 33.9 29.4 31.8 43.0 29.1 General Price Iex (Agust 1980= 100) 100.0 116.0 130.2 142.5 1537 Anl peentage cbhages in: Baok Credit to Pablic Sector -17.3 +26.8 -57.1 -74.7 -90.9 Bik Credit to Private Sector 12.7 48.4 2.8 19.3 35.1 a LaTe force is defined as persons of 14 years ard over engaged either in farLily agriculture or iD cash employment. Nigrant workers in Scxth Africa are erluded. b As of end November. C Exdies parastatals. .. Not available. EASA Not applicalie. April 1985 - 26 - AdWR I i6Tof 6 TUDE PAMW AID CAPL FnA BAN CF PAMM (AVE 1982-84) 1981 1982 1983 1984 JS$t MI. I 3WIiiionaiii)0 Eaports of £xds8 403.1 464.2 640.7 681.5 Nht and met products 64.9 11.1 iwzorwo of ljob 690.0 584.2 615.6 575.5 Dimoid. 376.6 64.4 Bale of Trde (deficitu -) -26.9 -1ZLO -25.1 1C6.05 pper/uLdel 5.7 10.0 AU other dmditie 84.7 14.5 Km-factor Sevices (nec) -79.3 -8.8 -79.3 -158. Tot1 585.0 100.0 Factor Services (net) 21.1 11.6 -69.1 Net Transfers 139.6 12D.0 125.2 102.0 Balance m Owrent Acacmt -205.5 -5.2 +1.9 49.9 T M, DEC. 31, 1984 U;SSMEn. Direct Foret4w Ivsment 112.6 52.8 4L6 .. Bat 14 Borwing 22.6 52.9 24.5 .. tibiic Debt, iml. ausrarea 276.1 Disbaramas 24.6 56.6 35.7 ..IN.!e Prtivate Debt hwrtizatian 2.0 3.7 11.1 .. Total Ozatding & Dshised 2761. Capital Grants .. .. Other Capital (net) 9.2 4.9 45.1 .. I T SMIVIC RATD FRR 19g4e ncrease to Reserves(-) 61.1 -43.5 -120.1 .. Z Piblic Deit, iwai. partee 4.4 Gross Raserves (end year) 271.1 304.9 419.2 553.9 e Private Dbt. Toa Qiamdi & Dishlse 4.4 Euel and Belated baterlals rgq,ortsd 101.0 96.9 93.0 75.8 of hdich: Petrolen 92.8 88.3 8D.8 68.2 MD/MI UR=E (Felruay 28, 1985) Export d - - - of uich: Petroleun - - (MMIc US$) RATEOF 0 Otstmdirg & Dishrsed 112.6 15.0 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 lkishzre 62.2 O-tsta1n5 incl. US$1.00 = P 0.815 0.777 0.833 1.022 1.096 1.284 ldishlrsed 174.8 15.0 P 1.O = USS 1.228 1.287 1.200 0.979 0.912 0.779 a Recorded asrs stises adiusted for tLn1g and coera. b Recoded cars statistics adjusted for valuatton (exclusive of duties, inswance aid freight) and coverage. C Includes factor services (net). d TkadJusted trade fi2ures. e Ratio of debc service to e s Of Mods and serfices. f Ammal averages. Not available FAISA Not applicable. November 1985 - 27 - a 21 Pap 1 of 2 SIAIt (F BMX GaP CATERZ6 IN BO3YIA A. SYAIW OF BI ILMI AND IDA CJflSa *(as at S-teii 30, 1985) hAamt (Le CBUladmus) Bi.k OL~ Umliaxbemd NWe Year Baoe aps Tbe loans and six credlts fully disbirsed 96.4.2 15.91 1584 1978 Botswaa Sew Urbe Project 8.00 1.53 I82 198) BA:swana. Sm= Eduaticrj Pcoject 10.00 6.53 2)57 198 Botsina 7bired FAxtim 11.50 3.80 22)9 Be8 B,tsmina Power Pmject 32.50 21.58 2333 198 Btuuna Thtcd WJater Sipp1y 22.00 5.54 2384 1984 BDtuAma secxxxir tfC1230 12.27 2413 1984 Botmina Fainlly Bal±h 11.00 10.96 Total. 2M3.72 15.91 62.21 of utdhid bas bemn repaid 29.00 1.00 Total xuv outstaedig 174.72 14.91 Amounrts sold 8.82 of u*dic bas been repaid 8.LM M3tal. no beld by B.*Jk/T a 174.72 14.91 of ubich Is undisbhirsd 0.00 62.21 a Pd.or to ewdbange ajsios (Imun af tS$10.7 uWlion for National ta Mxeei and Livestock Project approved but not yet effective). - 28 - ANNEU II Page 2 of 2 B. STATEMENT OF IFC INVESTMENT (as at September 30, 1985) US$ Million Equivalent Year Borrower Type of Business Loau Equity Total 1979) Botswana Development Finance - 0.61 0.61 1984) Development Company - - - Corporation Total Gross Investments - 0.61 0.61 leBS Cancellations, terminations, repaymeut and sales - - Total now held by IFC - 0.61 0.61 September 1985 - 29 - Annex III Page 1 of 1 REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA FOURTH EDUCATION PROJECT SUPPLEMENTARY PROJECT DATA SHEET I. Timetable of Key Events (a) Time taken to prepare project: 6 months. (b) First Presentation to Bank : August 1984. (c) Appraisal Mission : May 1985. (d) Negotiations : October 1985. (e) Planned Date of Effectiveness: February 1, 1986. II. Special Bank Implementation Action None. III.. Special Conditions (a) Special Conditions of Effectiveness None. (b) Other Special Conditions (i) Program introduced for supply of teacher/librarians (para. 44). (ii) Annual development plans and status reports for primary schools construction (para. 51). (iii) Key teaching staff available for vocational training centers and trades testing center (para. 52). ISRD lO A NG0 O LA * - IqJZ A M 5 A _;__-;5 F OURTH EDUCATION PROJECT IT un US | ' K A Il A H A R I \ E- R~~~~~~~~~~~~~ N.U~ a4-X >e WAIU I \ s 8|AL,.1 | I X I XAI | ,/ \ / K 'W T \\> XGt J 3£'iL2 lb _ANG!_AFIA as. U Sr~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~AII