GENDER EQUALITY IN THE ENERGY SECTOR Pantone 115 Pantone 289 CMYK 2 4 100 0 CMYK 93 39 0 73 RGB 255 229 0 RGB 0 35 69 Pantone 656 Process Cyan Pantone 433 2020–21 CALENDAR CMYK 1 0 0 9 CMYK 100 0 0 0 CMYK 82 65 65 79 RGB 235 241 241 RGB 0 173 228 RGB 2 23 25 Gender Equality in the Energy Sector Energy issues often affect women and men differently owing to  Designing approaches to closing gender gaps through World their different roles and responsibilities in households, communi- Bank policy dialogue and lending. ties, and markets. The World Bank Group strives to empower men  Capturing and disseminating lessons learned from the know­ and women equitably as energy users and providers of energy ser- ledge work to improve the design of energy projects. vices by integrating a focus on gender equality into energy opera- tions, knowledge development, and technical assistance. The World  Building a network of strong partnerships across sectors Bank’s Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) and external stakeholders to enhance impact of work on has played an important role in moving gender issues beyond advo- gender equality. cacy to influencing project design, on-the-ground actions, and the This Gender Equality in the Energy Sector generation of tangible results. Through its Gender and Energy Pro- Calendar (2020–21) depicts some of the gram, ESMAP is helping to strengthen women’s roles as consumers, key gender-equality challenges in the energy leaders, employees, and entrepreneurs in the energy sector. sector. We hope that the creativity and humor Aligned with the World Bank Group’s Gender Strategy (FY16–23), of these visuals bring home the point on the ESMAP works with countries to design interventions and generate issues that remain and stimulate actions in crucial knowledge of actions needed to close gender gaps in the energy interventions across data collection, energy sector and improve development outcomes. To achieve such project design, and policy decisions. Such results, ESMAP combines global knowledge work with support for actions can ensure progress on closing country activities, as follows: gaps between women and men and providing energy services  Collecting and generating data on key gender gaps to strengthen for all. We extend our very special thanks to analysis and design of actions and indicators; examples include the talented artists from around the world energy-access rates by household heads and rates of labor-force who helped craft these critical messages. participation. Wishing you a successful year!  Testing innovative approaches and providing technical support for advancing women’s employment and productive energy uses. The ESMAP Team Boosting women’s participation in the energy-sector workforce as utility employees can be good for a company’s bottom line.1, 2 Women are often responsible for paying electricity and other household bills. Evidence suggests that employing women as bill collectors can increase bill payment rates, reduce illegal connections, and strengthen the utility’s relationship with communities.3 MARCH 2020 February 2020 April 2020 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 26 27 28 29 30 S U N D AY M O N D AY T U E S D AY W E D N E S D AY T H U R S D AY F R I D AY S AT U R D AY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Pantone 115 Pantone 289 CMYK 2 4 100 0 CMYK 93 39 0 73 RGB 255 229 0 RGB 0 35 69 Pantone 656 Process Cyan Pantone 433 CMYK 1 0 0 9 CMYK 100 0 0 0 CMYK 82 65 65 79 RGB 235 241 241 RGB 0 173 228 RGB 2 23 25 The need to close gender pay gaps is widely recognized, as emphasized by the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8.5, which calls for “equal pay for work of equal value.” Yet women in the energy sector continue to face a 31 percent wage gap.4–6 This not only devalues women’s contributions and reduces lifetime earnings and engagement, which can impact their families and communities; it also costs companies and utilities in terms of performance, retention, and reputation.7 APRIL 2020 March 2020 May 2020 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 29 30 31 24 /31 25 26 27 28 29 30 S U N D AY M O N D AY T U E S D AY W E D N E S D AY T H U R S D AY F R I D AY S AT U R D AY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Pantone 115 Pantone 289 CMYK 2 4 100 0 CMYK 93 39 0 73 RGB 255 229 0 RGB 0 35 69 Pantone 656 Process Cyan Pantone 433 CMYK 1 0 0 9 CMYK 100 0 0 0 CMYK 82 65 65 79 RGB 235 241 241 RGB 0 173 228 RGB 2 23 25 Women often have less access to finance owing to sociocultural norms, lack of land or property title (often registered in the name of a man) and other traditional collateral, and lower income relative to men. Some financial institutions are unable or unwilling to design appropriate products and services to reach women.8–13 Globally, 65 percent of women have a bank account compared to 72 percent of men.14 Lack of access to finance can inhibit women’s access to energy services, which can further marginalize them socially and economically.15–17 MAY 2020 April 2020 June 2020 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 26 27 28 29 30 28 29 30 S U N D AY M O N D AY T U E S D AY W E D N E S D AY T H U R S D AY F R I D AY S AT U R D AY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 30 Pantone 115 Pantone 289 CMYK 2 4 100 0 CMYK 93 39 0 73 RGB 255 229 0 RGB 0 35 69 Pantone 656 Process Cyan Pantone 433 CMYK 1 0 0 9 CMYK 100 0 0 0 CMYK 82 65 65 79 RGB 235 241 241 RGB 0 173 228 RGB 2 23 25 Access to reliable energy is critical for healthcare services, including good-quality maternal care and safe childbirth. However, a 2013 study in Sub- Saharan Africa found that 26 percent of the health facilities surveyed were without electricity; among those with access, only 28 percent had a reliable power supply while most experienced frequent blackouts.18 Round-the-clock electricity should be available to supply power for child delivery and emergency night-time care, as well as medical devices, including sterilization and obstetric equipment and refrigerators for blood and vaccine storage.19–21 JUNE 2020 May 2020 July 2020 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 1 2 3 4 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 24 /31 25 26 27 28 29 30 26 27 28 29 30 31 S U N D AY M O N D AY T U E S D AY W E D N E S D AY T H U R S D AY F R I D AY S AT U R D AY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Pantone 115 Pantone 289 CMYK 2 4 100 0 CMYK 93 39 0 73 RGB 255 229 0 RGB 0 35 69 Pantone 656 Process Cyan Pantone 433 CMYK 1 0 0 9 CMYK 100 0 0 0 CMYK 82 65 65 79 RGB 235 241 241 RGB 0 173 228 RGB 2 23 25 In many countries, girls’ pursuit of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields drops after high school.22 Worldwide more women than men enroll in and graduate from universities; however, women are less likely to major in STEM-specific fields.23 Barriers to their participation include non-supportive gender norms within families and from teachers or male peers.24 The public and private sectors can foster a more robust talent pipeline of women through outreach on the importance of and opportunities for girls in STEM and by raising awareness of existing barriers women and girls may face.25–28 JULY 2020 June 2020 August 2020 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 28 29 30 23/30 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 S U N D AY M O N D AY T U E S D AY W E D N E S D AY T H U R S D AY F R I D AY S AT U R D AY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Pantone 115 Pantone 289 CMYK 2 4 100 0 CMYK 93 39 0 73 RGB 255 229 0 RGB 0 35 69 Pantone 656 Process Cyan Pantone 433 CMYK 1 0 0 9 CMYK 100 0 0 0 CMYK 82 65 65 79 RGB 235 241 241 RGB 0 173 228 RGB 2 23 25 Utility companies increasingly recognize the value of hiring more women and thus improving performance, innovation, efficiency, and community relations.29–34 To realize these benefits, utilities not only need to improve outreach to potential female employees. They also need to ensure that facilities, policies, and the work environment support both male and female employees.35–37 AUGUST 2020 July 2020 September 2020 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 26 27 28 29 30 31 27 28 29 30 S U N D AY M O N D AY T U E S D AY W E D N E S D AY T H U R S D AY F R I D AY S AT U R D AY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23/30 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 Pantone 115 Pantone 289 CMYK 2 4 100 0 CMYK 93 39 0 73 RGB 255 229 0 RGB 0 35 69 Pantone 656 Process Cyan Pantone 433 CMYK 1 0 0 9 CMYK 100 0 0 0 CMYK 82 65 65 79 RGB 235 241 241 RGB 0 173 228 RGB 2 23 25 Childcare, which is more often women’s responsibility, can be a determinant in women’s ability to work outside the home.38–40 Companies that offer leave for both parents can appeal to applicants since it could help support a more balanced division of labor at home. SEPTEMBER 2020 August 2020 October 2020 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 1 2 3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 23/30 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 S U N D AY M O N D AY T U E S D AY W E D N E S D AY T H U R S D AY F R I D AY S AT U R D AY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Pantone 115 Pantone 289 CMYK 2 4 100 0 CMYK 93 39 0 73 RGB 255 229 0 RGB 0 35 69 Pantone 656 Process Cyan Pantone 433 CMYK 1 0 0 9 CMYK 100 0 0 0 CMYK 82 65 65 79 RGB 235 241 241 RGB 0 173 228 RGB 2 23 25 Electricity access for agricultural activities is key to improving food security, as well as income generation and poverty reduction.41 However, women are less likely to benefit since the costs of electricity uptake and appliance adoption can pose insurmountable financial barriers.42, 43 OCTOBER 2020 September 2020 November 2020 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 27 28 29 30 29 30 S U N D AY M O N D AY T U E S D AY W E D N E S D AY T H U R S D AY F R I D AY S AT U R D AY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Pantone 115 Pantone 289 CMYK 2 4 100 0 CMYK 93 39 0 73 RGB 255 229 0 RGB 0 35 69 Pantone 656 Process Cyan Pantone 433 CMYK 1 0 0 9 CMYK 100 0 0 0 CMYK 82 65 65 79 RGB 235 241 241 RGB 0 173 228 RGB 2 23 25 In many cultures, women and girls are traditionally responsible for collecting and carrying fuelwood, sometimes over long distances. This arduous chore can expose them to the risk of gender-based violence and cause health issues, as well as force girls to miss out on education or homework time.44–47 Moving the agenda forward on access to modern energy cooking services is key to promoting gender equality. NOVEMBER 2020 October 2020 December 2020 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 27 28 29 30 31 S U N D AY M O N D AY T U E S D AY W E D N E S D AY T H U R S D AY F R I D AY S AT U R D AY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Pantone 115 Pantone 289 CMYK 2 4 100 0 CMYK 93 39 0 73 RGB 255 229 0 RGB 0 35 69 Pantone 656 Process Cyan Pantone 433 CMYK 1 0 0 9 CMYK 100 0 0 0 CMYK 82 65 65 79 RGB 235 241 241 RGB 0 173 228 RGB 2 23 25 Men and women often differ in their household responsibilities and priorities, with men usually in charge of energy access and other major financial decisions.48, 49 However, in areas where men and women have equal voice in decisions about electricity access and appliance purchases, the benefits can be significant for women and families. These include reallocating women’s time spent on arduous household tasks to income-generating opportunities and enabling young people to pursue their studies, even after dark.50, 51 DECEMBER 2020 November 2020 January 2021 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 29 30 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 30 S U N D AY M O N D AY T U E S D AY W E D N E S D AY T H U R S D AY F R I D AY S AT U R D AY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Pantone 115 Pantone 289 CMYK 2 4 100 0 CMYK 93 39 0 73 RGB 255 229 0 RGB 0 35 69 Pantone 656 Process Cyan Pantone 433 CMYK 1 0 0 9 CMYK 100 0 0 0 CMYK 82 65 65 79 RGB 235 241 241 RGB 0 173 228 RGB 2 23 25 Street lighting in public spaces plays a key role in reducing violence and other crimes and creating an improved perception of safety. It can also increase women’s economic and social engagement and mobility, benefiting women, families, and communities.52–54 JANUARY 2021 December 2020 February 2021 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 27 28 29 30 31 28 S U N D AY M O N D AY T U E S D AY W E D N E S D AY T H U R S D AY F R I D AY S AT U R D AY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 30 Pantone 115 Pantone 289 CMYK 2 4 100 0 CMYK 93 39 0 73 RGB 255 229 0 RGB 0 35 69 Pantone 656 Process Cyan Pantone 433 CMYK 1 0 0 9 CMYK 100 0 0 0 CMYK 82 65 65 79 RGB 235 241 241 RGB 0 173 228 RGB 2 23 25 As households adjust to higher energy prices, important gender dynamics emerge. In many households, men decide on electricity spending, yet men and women often differ in their energy-use patterns and priorities. Evidence shows that stay-at-home women, in an effort to minimize their energy bills, may suffer from cold weather by refraining from heating their house during the day when other family members are out. When designing and implementing new electricity tariff increases, mitigating measures should be considered to prevent harmful effects on the poor and other vulnerable population groups, including women.55, 56 FEBRUARY 2021 January 2021 March 2021 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 30 28 29 30 31 S U N D AY M O N D AY T U E S D AY W E D N E S D AY T H U R S D AY F R I D AY S AT U R D AY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Pantone 115 Pantone 289 CMYK 2 4 100 0 CMYK 93 39 0 73 RGB 255 229 0 RGB 0 35 69 Pantone 656 Process Cyan Pantone 433 CMYK 1 0 0 9 CMYK 100 0 0 0 CMYK 82 65 65 79 RGB 235 241 241 RGB 0 173 228 RGB 2 23 25 Sources 1 United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Engendering Utilities: Improving 17 ENERGIA, “Supporting Last-mile Women Energy Entrepreneurs: What Works and What Does Gender Diversity in Power Sector Utilities (Washington, DC: USAID, 2016). https://pdf.usaid.gov/ Not,” 2019. https://www.energia.org/cm2/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Supporting-Last-Mile- pdf_docs/PBAAF230.pdf Women-Entrepreneurs.pdf 2 Ernst & Young, Women in Power and Utilities: Index 2016. https://www.ey.com/Publication/ 18 H. Adair-Rohani, K. Zukor, S. Bonjour, S. Wilburn, A. C. Kuesel, R. Hebert, and E. R. Fletcher, vwLUAssets/ey-talent-at-the-table-women-in-power-and-utilities-index-2016/$FILE/ey- “Limited Electricity Access in Health Facilities of Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review talent-at-the-table-women-in-power-and-utilities-index-2016.pdf of Data on Electricity Access, Sources, and Reliability.” Global Health: Science and Practice 1(2): 249–61, 2013. 3 Bhuma Shrivastava, “The Army of Women Battling India’s $10 Billion Power Problem,” Bloomberg Businessweek, October 3, 2017. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-10-03/army-of- 19 World Health Organization (WHO) and World Bank, “Access to Modern Energy Services for Health women-tackle-electricity-thieves-in-indian-slums Facilities in Resource-constrained Settings: A Review of Status, Significance, Challenges and Measurement” (Geneva: WHO, 2015 [reprint with changes]). https://apps.who.int/iris/ 4 International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), Renewable Energy: A Gender Perspective handle/10665/156847 (Abu Dhabi: IRENA, 2019). https://irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2019/Jan/ IRENA_Gender_perspective_2019.pdf 20 Jem Porcaro, Sumi Mehta, Matthew Shupler, Sarah Kissel, Michaela Pfeiffer, Carlos Francisco C. 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Nov-15.pdf https://financialallianceforwomen.org/download/economics-banking-women-2018-edition/ 26 Shamika Sirimanne, “How Can We STEM the Tide of Women Graduates Leaving Science?,” 12 World Bank, Women Entrepreneurs and Access to Finance: Program Profiles from Around the September 20, 2019. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/09/stem-women-gender- World (Washington, DC: World Bank Group, 2017). http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/ equality-science-technology-engineering-mathematics/ en/434111484644430498/Women-entrepreneurs-and-access-to-finance-program-profiles- 27 Kamila Kabo-Bah, “5 Ways to Promote Women in STEM: Lessons from the Science Festival in from-around-the-world Ghana” (Geneva: Group on Earth Observations, July 22, 2019). https://www.earthobservations. 13 Anup Singh and Christine Wanjiru Gachui, “Enhancing Access to Finance for Women org/geo_blog_obs.php?id=368 Entrepreneurs—What Should Financial Institutions Do?” Next Billion, August 16, 2017. https:// 28 Stephenie Foster, “Women in STEM: Critical to Innovation,” Global Policy, January 10, 2019. https:// nextbillion.net/enhancing-access-to-finance-for-women-entrepreneurs-what-should-financial- www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/10/01/2019/women-stem-critical-innovation institutions-do/ 29 United States Agency for International Development (USAID), “Advancing Gender in the Environ- 14 Asli Demirgüç-Kunt, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, Saniya Ansar, and Jake Hess, The Global ment: Making the Case for Women in the Energy Sector,” AGENT Thematic Energy Brief Series Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution (Washington, DC: (Washington, DC: USAID, 2018). https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1865/ World Bank, 2018). doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1259-0. 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Sanders, “Under the Cover of Darkness: Using Daylight Saving Time to en/multimedia/videos/traga-sua-filha-para-o-trabalho Measure How Ambient Light Influences Criminal Behavior,” SIEPR Discussion Paper No. 12–004 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University, 2012). 38 Namita Datta, “The Invisible Door: Three Barriers Limiting Women’s Access to Work,” March 8, 2018. http://blogs.worldbank.org/jobs/invisible-door-three-barriers-limiting-women-s-access- 54 Ronald V. Clark, “Improving Street Lighting to Reduce Crime in Residential Areas: Problem- work Oriented Guides for Police,” Response Guides Series, No. 8 (Washington, DC: United States Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, Center for Problem- 39 International Finance Corporation (IFC), Tackling Childcare: The Business Case for Employer- Oriented Policing, 2008). supported Childcare (Washington, DC: IFC, September 2017). https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/ connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/gender+at+ifc/priorities/employment/ 55 Rebosio Calderon, P. Michelle, and Sophia V. Georgieva, Toward Gender-informed Energy Subsidy tackling_childcare_the_business_case_for_employer_supported_childcare Reforms: Findings from Qualitative Studies in Europe and Central Asia (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2015). https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/22100?locale-attribute=es 40 World Bank, “Energizing Growth: Closing Gaps between Men and Women in Ethiopian Energy Sector,” Feature Story, May 3, 2019. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2019/05/03/ 56 World Bank, Energy Vulnerability in Female-headed Households: energizing-growth-closing-gaps-between-men-and-women-in-ethiopian-energy-sector Findings from the Listening to Citizens of Uzbekistan Survey (Russian), Energy Sector Management Assistance Program 41 Olivier Dubois, Alessandro Flammini, Ana Kojakovic, Irini Maltsoglou, Manas Puri, and Luis Rincon, (ESMAP) (Washington, DC: World Bank Group, Energy Access: Food and Agriculture, State of Electricity Access Report (Washington, DC: World 2019). http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/ Bank Group, 2017). http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/417941494928698197/Energy- en/788261580802110878/Energy-Vulnerability-in- access-food-and-agriculture Female-headed-Households-Findings-from-the- Listening-to-Citizens-of-Uzbekistan-Survey 42 World Bank, Lao PDR—Power to the People: Twenty Years of National Electrification (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2012). http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/850691468027854018/ Lao-PDR-Power-to-the-people-Twenty-years-of-national-electrification 43 ENERGIA, “Unlocking the Benefits of Productive Uses of Energy for Women in Ghana, Tanzania and Myanmar,” November 9, 2018. https://www.energia.org/cm2/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/ RA6-Unlocking-the-benefits-of-productive-uses-of-energy.pdf 44 World Health Organization (WHO), Burning Opportunity: Clean Household Energy for Health, Sustainable Development, and Wellbeing of Women and Children (Geneva: WHO, 2016). https://www. who.int/airpollution/publications/burning-opportunities/en/ 45 Safe Access to Fuel and Energy (SAFE), “Protection and Gender,” 2020. https://www. safefuelandenergy.org/issues/protection-gender.cfm 46 Clean Cooking Alliance, “Women Spend 374 Hours Each Year Collecting Firewood in India, Study Finds,” 2015. https://www.cleancookingalliance.org/about/news/05-05-2015-women-spend- 374-hours-each-year-collecting-firewood-in-india-study-finds.html Credits Ajie Mandiri (March, May, July and October). Ajie is a consultant cartoonist This calendar was developed under the Energy Sector Management Assis- and illustrator with more than 15 years of experience, who lives in Depok tance Program (ESMAP) Gender and Energy Program. The work was led City near Jakarta, Indonesia. His international awards include first prize by Nicolina Angelou (Senior Gender and Energy Consultant, World Bank) in the 2016 Comic and Cartoon Competition on Gender Equality held by and Inka Schomer (ESMAP Gender and Energy Program Lead/Operations UN Women and the European Union as part of the Planet 50–50 by 2030 Officer, World Bank). Contributors included Katherine Heller (Senior Gender campaign. The following year, he won first prize in the 24th International Specialist Consultant, IFC), Adriana Maria Eftimie (Senior Operations Cartoon Festival “Ricardo Rendón” Colombia in the General Issue category. Officer, IFC), Jennifer Scott (Senior Gender Ajie is a member of the global Cartoon Movement. Specialist Consultant, IFC), Elisabeth Maier (Senior Operations Officer, World Bank), Victor Ndula (June, August and December). Victor is an award-winning Emmanouela Markoglou (Senior Com- editorial cartoonist who lives and works in Nairobi, Kenya. Having drawn munications Officer, World Bank), cartoons for the past decade, Victor continues to lend his voice to social Daniella Van Leggelo Padilla (External commentary through his cartoons. A member of the global organizations Affairs Officer, World Bank), and Cartoon Movement and Cartooning for Peace, he has exhibited his work Marjorie Araya (Program Assistant, World at cartoon festivals in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Peru, Qatar, Bank). Norma Adams (Consultant Writer/ Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. In 2012, he won first prize in the Editor, World Bank) edited the text. Ranan Lurie International Cartoon Competition. The next year, he won Special thanks to Rohit Khanna second prize at a cartoon competition commemorating the 50th anniver- (Practice Manager, ESMAP) for his sary of the founding of the Organization of African Unity/African Union. guidance and advice. Elena Ospina (April, September, November, January and February). Elena ESMAP is a global knowledge and tech- is a Colombian cartoonist and illustrator. She has worked on editorial, edu- nical assistance program administered by cational, and advertising projects, and has been awarded more than 50 the World Bank. It provides analytical and international and national awards in advisory services to low- and middle-income graphic humor and illustration. Her countries to increase their know-how and work has been published in books, institutional capacity to achieve newspapers, and maga- environmentally sustainable energy zines. She is a member solutions for poverty reduction and of the Federation of economic growth. ESMAP is funded by European Cartoonists Australia, Austria, Canada, Climate- Organisations (FECO), Works Foundation, Denmark, the Cartooning for European Commission, Finland, France, Peace, and the Pantone 115 CMYK Germany, Pantone 289 2 4 100 0 CMYK Iceland, 93 39 0 73 Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Cartoon Movement. RGB 255 229 0 RGB 0 35 69 Norway, the Rockefeller Foundation, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the World Bank. Pantone 656 Process Cyan Pantone 433 CMYK 1 0 0 9 CMYK 100 0 0 0 CMYK 82 65 65 79 RGB 235 241 241 RGB 0 173 228 RGB 2 23 25 Cartoons Published in the Calendar March 2020 April 2020 May 2020 June 2020 July 2020 August 2020 September 2020 October 2020 November 2020 December 2020 January 2021 February 2021 Pantone 289 CMYK 93 39 0 73 RGB 0 35 69 Process Cyan Pantone 433 CMYK 100 0 0 0 CMYK 82 65 65 79 RGB 0 173 228 RGB 2 23 25