HEALTHY OCEANS • HEALTHY ECONOMIES • HEALTHY COMMUNITIES 2021 ANNUAL REPORT PROBLUE is an Umbrella 2.0 program administered by the World Bank; it supports the development of integrated, sustainable, healthy marine and coastal resources. PROBLUE Members Australia Canada Denmark European France Germany Iceland Ireland Norway Sweden USA Commission Cover: Bangladesh / © iStock / Tarzan9280 Inside cover: © Shutterstock / Thinker360 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T HEALTHY OCEANS • HEALTHY ECONOMIES • HEALTHY COMMUNITIES 2021 ANNUAL REPORT PROBLUE, 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C., 20433, U.S.A. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose without the prior written consent of the PROBLUE Secretariat. All images remain the sole property of the copyright holder and may not be used for any purpose without written permission from the copyright holder. The fiscal year covered in this report (FY21) runs from July 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021; the financial contribution and expenditures reported are reflected up to June 30, 2021; all amounts are in U.S. dollars ($) unless otherwise indicated. 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T CONTENTS FOREWORD VII ACRONYMS IX 1. BUILD BACK BLUER: THE BLUE ECONOMY AS KEY TO AN INCLUSIVE RECOVERY 1 COVID-19 RESPONSE AND RECOVERY 2 INTEGRATION 4 ADDING VALUE 6 BUILDING BACK BLUER 7 2. ABOUT PROBLUE 9 SUMMARY OF PROGRESS 9 CROSS-CUTTING THEMES 10 Gender Equality 10 Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation 11 Mobilizing Finance for Development 13 3. PROGRESS REPORT FOR FY21 15 PROBLUE BY THE NUMBERS 15 4. PROBLUE WORK BY REGION 21 GLOBAL ADVISORY SERVICES AND ANALYTICS 21 Blue Economy Development Framework 23 Marine Spatial Planning 24 Offshore Wind Energy 24 Sustainable, Resilient Tourism on Small Islands and in Coastal Destinations 26 AFRICA 28 EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC 32 EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA 37 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 39 MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA 40 SOUTH ASIA 41 PARTNERSHIPS 43 5. RESULTS AND MONITORING 47 OUTPUTS 48 Capacity building 48 Tools 48 Knowledge products 49 PROPOSALS 50 LEVERAGE 51 Beneficiaries and leverage ratio 51 Leverage of Design 52 Leverage of policy reforms, MFD, and regional cooperation 56 iii CROSS-CUTTING THEMES 57 Climate Change 57 Gender 57 Mobilizing Finance for Development 58 Fragility, Conflict, and Violence 59 Private Sector 60 Capacity Building 61  OMMUNICATIONS AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 6. C 65 WEBPAGES 65 PUBLICATIONS AND MEDIA 65 ASSETS 66 EVENTS 66 VIDEOS 66 SOCIAL MEDIA 66 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 67 7. FINANCIAL OVERVIEW AND ADMINISTRATION 69 PROBLUE FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 69 PROFISH FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 70 ANNEX 1 – LIST OF PROBLUE-SUPPORTED ACTIVITIES 72 ANNEX 2 – LIST OF PROFISH-SUPPORTED ACTIVITIES 86 BOXES BOX 1. Supporting policies and investments to reduce ocean plastics in vietnam 25 BOX 2. Sustainable, Resilient Tourism on Small Islands and in Coastal Destinations 29 BOX 3. COVID-19 Response in Nigeria 31 BOX 4.  Charting a Blue Economy Path for Indonesia 33 BOX 5. Banking on Protected Areas 38 Responding to COVID-19: Bangladesh Environmental Sustainability and BOX 6.  Transformation Project 42 Responding to COVID-19: Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Interventions in Fish BOX 7.  and Aquaculture 45 iv 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S v Zanzibar / © Shutterstock / guenterguni vi 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T Caribbean Sea / © Shutterstock / Damsea FOREWORD The crisis that COVID-19 has wrought has affected us all, especially the world’s poorest. The global pandemic has shone a harsh light on the vulnerability of communities, livelihoods, and the global socioeconomic fabric. It has strained blue ecosystems, with a surge in single-use plastics reaching waterways and oceans, and disproportionately affected the lives of coastal and island communities. PROBLUE was launched in 2018 in part because the world was recognizing the unique role oceans play as engines of development—supporting livelihoods, curbing climate change, and providing biodiversity. In 2021, as countries look for ways to rebuild economies that the pandemic has devastated, sustainable ocean development is more important than ever. In the face of these challenges, the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation, with support from PROBLUE, have continued to build on our record of promoting a blue economy and to advance a knowledge agenda to “build back bluer.” Despite the complexities of ocean resource development and the need for integration that lies at the heart of the blue economy approach, in fiscal year (FY) 21 alone, PROBLUE has supported 31 new activities totaling $17.5 million across 21 countries. As of FY21, the overall PROBLUE portfolio has increased to a total of $60.3 million to support 85 activities across 71 countries. Integration with the World Bank’s key priorities is the cornerstone of PROBLUE’s work. The health of our oceans depends heavily on a series of interlocked, cross-cutting factors, including climate change, gender equality, and mobilizing financing for development. We are pleased that, in FY21, there was an increase in proposals addressing these areas, as well as greater involvement with regional partners. The program has provided support for activities across the World Bank Group while building the Bank’s communication and knowledge management capabilities. Sustainable ocean management and development are critical to curbing climate change, and investments in areas such as the circular economy and sustainable fishing increase climate resiliency, drive job creation, and support economic stability in coastal communities. Investments in critical coastal and marine ecosystems—from an array of partners that include governments and the private sector—is vital for a blue economy to flourish and to help rebuild devastated coastal communities. To that end, as of FY21, PROBLUE has added value to 76 investments totaling more than $7.4 billion. As PROBLUE completes its second full year of operation, this report illustrates that a blue recovery drives sustainable ocean development, tangible progress toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, and, most importantly, economic recovery for vulnerable coastal populations HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S vii around the world. Together, we stand ready to help drive a blue recovery and make real, tangible progress toward sustainable development that offers a healthier, more prosperous future for people and planet. KARIN KEMPER UNNI KLØVSTAD Global Director, Environment, Deputy Director General, Head of Section for Natural Resources, and Blue Economy Oceans and Private Sector Development The World Bank Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway Co-chair of the PROBLUE Partnership Council Co-chair of the PROBLUE Partnership Council viii 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T ACRONYMS ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations BEDF Blue Economy Development Framework BEST Bangladesh Environmental Sustainability and Transformation Project ESMAP Energy Sector Management Assistance Program FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FCV Fragility, conflict and violence FiTI Fisheries Transparency Initiative FY Fiscal year FY21 Fiscal year 2021 GHG Greenhouse gas GP Global Practice IFC International Finance Corporation IMO International Maritime Organization MFD Mobilizing Finance for Development M&E Monitoring and evaluation MozAzul Mozambique PROBLUE Program MSP Marine spatial planning NDC Nationally determined contributions OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development SDG Sustainable Development Goal SIDS Small island developing states UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNEP United Nations Environment Programme WASH Water, sanitation, and hygiene WBG World Bank Group WTO World Trade Organization HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S ix x 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T Kiribati / © Shutterstock / Kyung Muk Lim  UILD BACK BLUER: 1. B THE BLUE ECONOMY AS KEY TO AN INCLUSIVE RECOVERY The COVID-19 crisis has laid bare the vulnerabilities of large swathes of the global economy, with impacts especially pronounced for the world’s poorest people and coastal and island communities. Coronavirus-related disruptions are especially acute in global food supply chains (including seafood supply chains) and the tourism industry, with crucial small and medium enterprises in these sectors particularly vulnerable. Women are disproportionately affected in some of the ocean-economy activities hardest hit by the COVID-19 crisis; for example, women form the majority of the work force in the fisheries and aquaculture post-harvest sector. As we work with countries to build back their economies and strengthen their communities, it cannot be business as usual; sustainability must be fully built into the recovery. A more holistic and inclusive recovery, which economies for healthy communities in healthy embraces both blue and green recovery, aligns oceans. A multi-donor trust fund administered fully with the Bank’s goal of achieving Green, by the World Bank, PROBLUE supports the Resilient and Inclusive Development (GRID) in development of integrated, sustainable, healthy client countries. The pandemic has struck at a marine and coastal resources. time when oceans are under increasing threat from myriad impacts—from the warming effects Launched in the fall of 2018, PROBLUE’s current of climate change to pollution caused by coastal contributions now amount to more than $151 run-off and marine litter, overfishing, and coral million, with support from Australia, Canada, reef and biodiversity loss. Denmark, the European Commission, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, As the world recovers from COVID-19, and the United States. The program was set up investment in ocean development under a in response to demand from client countries, blue recovery is more important than ever— and this demand continues to grow in terms of especially for vulnerable coastal peoples who support for work in individual sectors—ranging rely on oceans for their livelihoods. from the challenges that marine pollution and plastics present to challenges specific In its second full year of operation, PROBLUE to fisheries and coastal management—and has maintained its focus on developing healthy requests for more integration of these sectors. HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 1 PROBLUE’s efforts are fully aligned with key To counter these economic and social World Bank priorities, including achieving impacts, many countries have initiated gender equality, mitigating climate change, recovery packages and are seeking ways to mobilizing financing for development, and rebuild greener—or bluer. As of June 2020, focusing on the most vulnerable people in the International Monetary Fund reported fragile and conflict-affected situations. As a that governments had spent $10 trillion on result, PROBLUE activities strengthen not only fiscal actions with a view to repairing and ocean health, but also the wellbeing of those rebuilding the global economy. According to most in need, thus aligning with the World the United Nations Conference on Trade and Bank’s broader goals. Development (UNCTAD), the pandemic offers the opportunity to shift resources allocated to In fiscal year (FY) 21, PROBLUE efforts proved vessel over-capacity in sectors such as fisheries vital to ocean development; progress toward and maritime transport toward a variety of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); and policy tools and instruments that encourage most importantly, recovery from COVID-19 for ecosystem restoration or increase sustainability, vulnerable coastal populations around the world. traceability, and digitalization in the sector. The blue economy presents an economic The World Bank, with support from opportunity to support recovery from COVID-19. PROBLUE, is uniquely positioned to help its By 2030, the Organisation for Economic Co- client countries as they chart their course operation and Development (OECD) estimates to rebuilding by assisting with prioritizing that the economic value of oceans will be $3 and mobilizing new investments for a blue trillion, although how much and how fast the economy—defined as the sustainable and ocean economy grows will ultimately depend integrated development of oceanic sectors entirely on how it is managed as a whole. That in healthy oceans. This includes increasing is why PROBLUE’s work in FY21 focused on support for the health and safety of front-line three main objectives: lay the groundwork for workers in coastal communities (including the a blue recovery, strengthen the blue economy overwhelmingly female workers in the tourism into the World Bank Group’s (WBG’s) portfolio, industry) and supporting required policy and and continue to inform the design of new WBG institutional reforms. operations and add value to existing operations during implementation across the WBG’s For example, in FY21, PROBLUE supported blue portfolio. key blue recovery projects in small island developing states (SIDS) and small coastal nations in the tourism sector, as well as COVID-19 RESPONSE AND RECOVERY activities focused on water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions in fisheries and Globally, the impact on the ocean economy aquaculture and their value chains. of the pandemic is significant and on-going. Countries that rely on marine industries such According to the UNCTAD Division on as fisheries, shipping, and tourism are facing International Trade and Commodities, SIDS earn significant challenges and are seeking to $30 billion annually from travel and tourism, combine short-term relief with long-term driven by their coastal and marine resources. solutions. For example, Lloyd’s List Intelligence Consequently, the impacts of COVID-19 estimates that maritime shipping has dropped have been particularly devastating for these by up to 30 percent in some regions. destinations from economic and environmental 2 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T Gambia / © Shutterstock / Damian Pankowiec perspectives,1 especially for women, who for enhanced competitiveness of tourism—a account for more than half of those employed in foundational element of the blue economy in the accommodations and food service sectors. these countries. This work aims to help mitigate Emerging research from the Inter-American adverse environmental impacts of adaptation to Development Bank, World Economic Forum, COVID-19 health standards, and its results will and Surfrider Foundation suggests that health be shared through a regional event and other and hygiene measures to address COVID-19 dissemination channels to promote uptake of will increase consumption of water, single-use project deliverables and lessons that SIDS in plastics, and cleaning chemicals harmful to other regions have learned. delicate island ecosystems. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, As SIDS engage on a path toward recovery, Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) they face a key development challenge in how interventions have become even more critical to develop their tourism industry sustainably to the safe operation of fishing, aquaculture, while managing the environmental impact of and related activities—small and large scale. the COVID-19 crisis, including greater fresh Although representative data are not available, and purified water use and land and marine anecdotal evidence suggests that WASH pollution. With an initial focus on the Gambia, opportunities are often lacking, particularly Cabo Verde, and São Tomé and Príncipe, along the smaller-scale fish value chains. the PROBLUE activities supported in FY21 The lack of WASH interventions is much included knowledge development, guidelines associated with rural communities and as a and digital training, and supporting innovation factor contributing to poverty. Ensuring good, 1 A decline in tourism receipts by 25 percent will result in a $7.4 billion (7.3 percent) fall in GDP, according to UNCTAD. UNWTO estimates tourism will decline between 58 and 78 percent in 2020. HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 3 consistently applied WASH and waste-water communities. Following the effects of COVID-19 management practices along the fish value on the economic wellbeing of coastal economies chain is important to prevent human-to-human and the growing impacts of climate change, transmission of COVID-19. Also, improving PROBLUE’s integrated approach across people aquaculture waste-water management and planet is vital to reimagining a better, and investing in long-term antimicrobial- bluer world. resistance strategies reduces environmental contamination, disease, and a vicious cycle of antibiotic overuse. Otherwise, those involved INTEGRATION in the fishing sector or living and working near aquaculture facilities are at greater risk Oceans—their physical properties, the life of infectious disease, including COVID-19, they sustain, their economic activities—are and contribute to antimicrobial resistance. interconnected, with a change in one affecting Therefore, in FY21, PROBLUE initiated activities the others. Harm to one element of this focused on WASH, with the aim of developing interlinked network has knock-on effects. diagnostic tools and guidance to increase health and food safety, reduce the spread of For example, overfishing one species can affect COVID-19, and reduce antibiotic resistance. the entire food chain, surrounding ecosystems, and related economic activities. The impacts of In addition to its impact on vulnerable climate change add a layer of stress on marine populations, the pandemic prompted a species and ecosystems. For instance, increases noticeable surge in plastic consumption, in ocean acidity lead to coral bleaching, posing difficult short-term choices between depleted stocks of some species, disrupted health and the environment and resulting in biodiversity, and declining tourism revenues. If greater use of single-use plastics and more offshore energy projects are sited in unsuitable medical waste, which tend to end up in oceans. locations, renewable energy enterprises can PROBLUE is uniquely positioned to address disrupt breeding and feeding grounds and this because of its ability to provide and migration patterns, with impacts on fishery and finance the analytics that inform investments tourism revenues. in policy reform and the infrastructure that is critically lacking to handle the marked The opposite is also true; planting mangroves increase in single-use plastics. In FY21, in the right location can lead to biodiversity PROBLUE financed improvement of solid waste recovery, benefiting coastal economies by management, identification of opportunities buffering against flooding and sea-level rise and and bottlenecks for recycling markets, baselines increasing carbon dioxide uptake by creating a and assessments of the sources of single-use potent carbon sink. plastics and their impacts on the environment and economic sectors, and possible policy Oceans are at the heart of sustainable reforms and investment needs for plastic development and poverty reduction. Covering pollution prevention. PROBLUE also helped more than two-thirds of the planet, oceans are improve medical waste management, for a source of food, recreation, climate regulation, example in Nigeria and Bangladesh. and livelihoods for billions of people. Oceans provide the medium through which 85 percent Ultimately, PROBLUE applies a blue lens to to 90 percent of global trade is transported. recovery efforts to facilitate ocean-smart Billions of people worldwide—especially the investments, policy reform, and support for world’s poorest—rely on healthy oceans, 4 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T underscoring the urgent need to sustainably effective financing to its client countries, in use and protect this natural capital. combination with the technical expertise required to best direct investment and support Working within this vast, complex, inextricably successful implementation of activities. linked ocean ecosystem poses a unique challenge, in that the stress of these uses PROBLUE works across a complex web is shared between sectors—old (fishing, of actors, beneficiaries, and infrastructure shipping) and new (offshore renewable to weave together a holistic approach to energy generation, desalination, marine sustainable development for the oceans—and it bioprospecting)—which is why PROBLUE is working. In Sri Lanka, for example, a cross- is designed to cut across themes, pillars, sectoral World Bank team, suported through and issue areas to provide a holistic view of PROBLUE, invested in an improved knowledge oceans spanning ecosystems, sectors, and base for prioritizing investments, institutional infrastructure. Using a two-pronged approach, changes, and policy actions in the blue PROBLUE focuses on creating an enabling economy, specifically fisheries. environment for sustainable development for the oceans and then catalyzes investment from Integration between different oceanic sectors players from a variety of sectors. is a focus for PROBLUE and blue recovery because it aligns with the World Bank’s mission Through PROBLUE’s efforts, conditions to reduce poverty, increase shared prosperity, are created for the proper investments and and promote sustainable development. The sustainable development of oceans, including PROBLUE Secretariat collaborates with through marine spatial planning (MSP), blue colleagues in regions and global practices to financing, and assessments. These efforts lay influence, inform, and shape the World Bank’s the groundwork for investments, informing approach to development in oceans—sharing decisions with a holistic view of the blue expertise internally; generating demand for economy—looking across many industries to ocean-focused activities; and strengthening view how decisions affect the oceans overall. proposals for funding to PROBLUE through consultations, knowledge sharing, research After having focused on building an enabling dissemination, and guiding colleagues on environment for ocean development, PROBLUE ocean-specific development to inform and is now working to catalyze investments strengthen the design and implementation of for ocean-focused projects. Investments in World Bank operations. Additionally, PROBLUE different sectors also influence and shape resources, along with other trust-fund programs each other. Everything is interrelated, which as relevant, can be strategically deployed to is why integrated work across industries with leverage other resources within the World PROBLUE is so important. This dual approach Bank and, where appropriate, at other public fosters the WBG’s ability to provide cost- stakeholders, as well as the private sector. HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 5 © Shutterstock / David_Maddock ADDING VALUE national and regional levels by helping develop baselines, including filling data and knowledge PROBLUE is enhancing the WBG’s mission gaps that then help client countries find the and amplifying its strengths in support of best opportunities and determine next steps to sustainable development. build a comprehensive, scalable blue economy. PROBLUE’s technical assistance, capacity A dual focus on analytical work and technical building, and knowledge products directly support to regional teams is being used to add value and inform the design, preparation, build on the World Bank’s strengths and will and implementation of investment projects. ultimately increase the size of its portfolio As of FY21, PROBLUE is adding value to 76 of sustainable blue operations and thus our investments totaling more than $7.4 billion, a 49 impact. Considering investments and policy percent increase from $3.6 billion over FY20. reforms in all oceanic sectors, including those influenced by PROBLUE, in FY21 the World PROBLUE aims to help client countries Bank’s ocean economy portfolio exceeded mainstream a blue economy approach as $9 billion. This portfolio includes projects they develop their ocean economies and shift such as sustainable fisheries and aquaculture, from single investments in individual ocean integrated coastal and marine ecosystem sectors to more systematic, integrated, holistic management, circular economy and improved management of seascapes by identifying solid waste management of marine plastics, constraints, opportunities, and trade-offs sustainable coastal tourism, maritime transport, between sectors at every phase of policy and offshore renewable energy. planning, investment-project design, and implementation. This shift requires moving PROBLUE has supported capacity building beyond business as usual and focusing on new and creating an enabling environment at the practices and approaches that can enhance 6 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T the sustainability of these sectors and limit the for developing countries with large renewable damage they do to ocean health. energy resources, this could mean tapping into an estimated $1 trillion or larger future PROBLUE support has helped implement a fuel market while modernizing their own blue economy approach at the national level, domestic energy and industrial infrastructure. with activities in areas that include the circular As a result, many countries—developed and economy, decarbonization, fisheries governance developing—could become zero-carbon bunker and aquaculture, offshore renewable energy, fuel producers for the first time, especially given sustainable maritime transport, government the projected growth of these fuel options in the capacity to manage marine resources, nature- coming decades. based solutions, and plastic waste reduction. For example, in East Asia, PROBLUE has helped BUILDING BACK BLUER identify operations through blue economy activities. One such example is Cambodia, PROBLUE’s efforts continue to help guide which received analytical and advisory support investments that will contribute to development from the PROBLUE Secretariat, to improve of ocean sectors in a sustainable, integrated solid waste management, understand the fashion to secure the best outcomes for World magnitude of plastic pollution, and identify Bank client countries. possible solutions and policy reforms to manage plastics and solid waste overall. This work has Many blue economy and build back bluer led to preparation of a $60 million International efforts are under way and can be enhanced, Development Association credit operation. under a shared common goal, with common recognition of the importance of oceans In FY21, a series of PROBLUE-funded reports and their vulnerability and ultimately will be were produced that identified green fuels implemented by different groups within the (ammonia and hydrogen) as the most promising World Bank. This is true not only in a number of zero-carbon bunker fuels for the shipping traditional sectors of the ocean economy such industry. Global maritime transport plays a as fisheries, shipping, and waste management, crucial role in facilitating trade and fostering but also in more innovative sectors such as economic development internationally, although offshore renewable energy and desalination. the sector also contributes to global climate In the case of the former, reform is necessary, change and local air pollution, producing around whereas in the latter, countries have a chance 3 percent of global greenhouse gas (GHG) to get it right from the outset. emissions and emitting an estimated 15 percent of some of the world’s major air pollutants. The A blue economy approach that builds back series of reports highlighted that decarbonizing bluer supports the facilitation and financing maritime transport offers a unique business of this transition to support sustainable ocean and development opportunity for countries, development; progress toward the SDGs; and including developing and emerging economies. most importantly, recovery from COVID-19 for According to the International Energy Agency, vulnerable coastal populations around the world. HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 7 8 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T Indonesia / © Shutterstock / Zoe Mongey 2. ABOUT PROBLUE PROBLUE is an Umbrella 2.0 program administered by the World Bank's Environment, Natural Resources and Blue Economy Global Practice. It is dedicated to helping client countries transition to a blue economy approach, seeking to achieve integrated, sustainable economic development in healthy oceans. The PROBLUE program comprises a multi-donor trust fund and several associated trust funds, including the various PROFISH trust funds, and a separate PROBLUE single-donor trust fund. PROBLUE resources, along with other trust fund programs as relevant, can be strategically deployed to leverage other resources within the Bank and, where appropriate, other public vehicles and the private sector. PROBLUE is organized around four pillars: 1) building the Bank’s communications on oceans improved fisheries governance and sustainable and knowledge-management capabilities. The aquaculture; 2) marine litter and pollution numbers support this claim; in FY21 alone, management; 3) the blueing of oceanic sectors; PROBLUE approved proposals amounting to and 4) integrated seascape management. more than $17.5 million. These figures illustrate Support for these pillars, and for important the impact that PROBLUE is having, not only in cross-cutting topics such as gender equality, moving the global conversation on sustainable climate change, and mobilizing finance for growth in oceans forward, but also for the development (MFD), allows for comprehensive benefit of World Bank client countries and their responses to the challenges facing our oceans. communities. PROBLUE is structured to provide analysis and knowledge platforms for stakeholders, helping PROBLUE relies on strong partnerships with resolve problems including overfishing, pollution, national and regional implementing teams to and unsustainable coastal development. support operations of the highest quality for PROBLUE and these stakeholders come client countries. In FY21, around 77 percent together to interact and collaborate with least- of accepted proposals will directly support developed countries, middle-income countries, activities at the national and regional levels in 21 and SIDS to co-create solutions. countries across all regions. This was the result of constructive dialogue about the submitted proposal and country priorities and drew from SUMMARY OF PROGRESS the latest trends and available science. In FY21, PROBLUE provided material support for activities across the WBG while also HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 9 CROSS-CUTTING THEMES different needs of women and men, girls and boys, and the different ways in which they Gender Equality interact with the marine environment. Women and men often use and manage marine and coastal ecosystems and resources Progress in terms of PROBLUE’s gender- differently and have different knowledge, equality achievements in FY21 are highlighted capabilities, and needs, and environmental throughout this report. They include: changes tend to affect them differently, but these differences are routinely ignored or Gulf of Fonseca: With the governments underestimated in policy and planning. Globally, of Honduras, El Salvador, and Nicaragua, women are economically active in coastal PROBLUE is piloting a social-protection zones, but their contributions are often neither system to support female entrepreneurs in the registered in official records nor recognized artisanal fishing and aquaculture value chains. by society, and they are often marginalized This regional effort is also supporting female in decision making. Women contribute entrepreneurship by identifying constraints significantly to sectors such as fisheries on gender-equal access to blue economy jobs and aquaculture and to the processing and (fisheries and tourism). This work is primarily trading of marine products, as well as to waste focused on the Build Back Bluer approach to management, coastal tourism, conservation support coastal communities’ recovery after measures, and coastal disaster-risk reduction. hurricanes Eta and Iota and the COVID-19 PROBLUE seeks to address some of these pandemic. inequalities by closing gender gaps and promoting women’s empowerment in ocean Tanzania: PROBLUE is supporting women in development activities. business training related to seaweed production, ecotourism linked to fisheries, and plastic Throughout FY21, the PROBLUE Secretariat pollution management. This country-level work collaborated with other teams to identify and is centered on marine pollution and will develop enhance opportunities to integrate gender guidelines for job opportunities that address into activities. Implementing a blue economy gender-equality actions with respect to plastic approach without focusing on gender and pollution and waste management. social inclusion would be short-sighted and preclude any hope of achieving long-term Bangladesh: The gender study that PROBLUE sustainability. Exclusion of women and other financed is identifying job opportunities marginalized people from decision-making for women in retrieving abandoned, lost, or processes contributes directly to the growing otherwise discarded fishing gear and is raising threats confronting oceans, and ignoring them awareness and introducing ideas for business also ignores key solutions to these problems. opportunities at the community level. The government will pilot the gender-equitable net In FY21, 90 percent of activities approved recycling activities in two sites. included gender-sensitive elements in their proposals, indicating that the proposals had Haiti: PROBLUE is working with the identified the gap the activity is trying to government on a gender analysis to understand address or narrow, what action(s) are needed how coastal ecosystem degradation affects to do so, and how action(s) are measured women. This analysis will ensure that (indicators). In nearly all PROBLUE-financed contrasting vulnerabilities of men and women activities, the World Bank considers the are taken into account for all analyses and 10 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T Philippines / © Shutterstock / danstin hideo muraoka fully integrated into development of the flood 2050. Without improvements in solid waste reduction roadmap, specifically in the planning management, it is anticipated that solid waste’s of blue livelihoods, and coastal nature-based contribution to climate change will increase to solutions. 2.6 billion tons of carbon dioxide-equivalent by 2050 (from 1.6 billion tons generated in 2016). Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Litter and waste clogging drains directly affect The effects of climate change on oceans are resilience in coastal areas. becoming better understood as climate impacts continue to grow. Some of these effects are In recognition of these challenges, PROBLUE- already acutely felt, with coral bleaching a funded activities are aligned with the WBG particularly visible and documented effect 2021-2025 Climate Change Action Plan, of increases in water temperatures, but which lays out commitments and targets, as climate change is also causing changes in fish well as concrete actions to help countries migration patterns, mostly from tropical areas address current and future climate risks and toward the poles, and in fish stock biomass opportunities. The launch of the new Country due to increased temperatures, acidification, Climate Development Reports provides another and deoxygenation. These changes, in turn, opportunity to ensure that oceans, blue natural have severe economic impacts on the often- capital, and their interaction with climate impoverished communities that are among change are fully incorporated into the strategic the most vulnerable. According to the World process that guides partnerships with World Economic Forum, adaptation and mitigation Bank client countries. are also intertwined with the marine plastics agenda; under a business-as-usual scenario, In FY21, 90 percent of the activities approved the plastics' share of the carbon budget could considered the impact of climate change in grow from 1 percent in 2014 to 15 percent by their proposals, indicating that the activities will HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 11 help build resilience. PROBLUE’s climate change addition, the PROBLUE-supported activity adaptation and mitigation achievements in FY21 will inform plastic waste recycling and market are highlighted throughout this report. They creation in Lagos with less material and energy include: use and will in turn reduce GHG emissions. Pakistan: PROBLUE is supporting the revised Sri Lanka: PROBLUE-funded activity will nationally determined contribution (NDC), increase the understanding of the impact which includes the blue carbon (the carbon of climate change on fisheries, fishing stored in coastal and marine ecosystems) rapid communities, and the ecosystems that sustain assessment to help the government enhance them, notably with regard to coastal erosion, its commitments in the revised NDCs through loss of beaches and fish-landing sites, increased blue carbon ecosystems and prepare for the storm surges damaging anchorages and fishery next round of revisions toward mitigating harbors, destruction of coastal habitats such climate change. More specifically, national and as reefs and mangroves, and damage to fish provincial review of blue ecosystem climate stocks. Ecosystem and habitat conservation change mitigation and adaptation policies and measures would contribute to adaptation to regulation finds that, in Pakistan, blue carbon sea-level rise, flood protection, and climate has great climate change mitigation and mitigation from mangroves and seagrasses, adaptation value and should be integrated into where applicable. the upcoming NDC revision. The blue carbon assessment has provided model language and Marine Spatial Planning: Changing oceans policy recommendations to the Ministry of can influence MSP considerations, and MSP Climate Change on the NDC revision. initiatives that are designed and implemented with explicit climate-related objectives can Nigeria: There are direct linkages between decrease climate impacts, support climate plastic and waste management and the climate adaptation and mitigation actions, and change agenda. Solid waste burning leads to promote sustainable use and conservation of GHG emissions and air pollutants (inhalable oceans. Climate-induced changes in ocean particulate matter, nitrogen dioxides, sulpher conditions and in the structure and functioning dioxides, ozone) that are toxic to human health of marine ecosystems will lead to changes in and the environment. Dumping of waste, the distribution and intensity of ocean-related especially plastics, clogs the already insufficient human uses, which will lead to new potential storm water drainage system, increases flood use–use and use–environment conflicts and risk, and releases methane and GHGs into the governance challenges, which are at the core environment. To address these challenges in of MSP processes. PROBLUE is supporting Nigeria, PROBLUE is supporting the assessment the development of a guidance note, which of baseline GHG emissions and air pollution includes the nexus between climate change and linked to plastics and mismanaged waste, MSP that will evaluate past experiences and including measurement of GHG emissions and make recommendations for a climate-informed air pollution levels in waste disposal locations MSP process that can incorporate these and dumpsites. The output of the assessment challenges and dynamics to support climate will be a technical note that will recommend adaptation and mitigation and implementation better solid waste management practices, of SDG 13—Climate Action. supporting climate change mitigation. In 12 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T Mobilizing Finance for Development sector and thereby increasing revenues and The private sector has a critical role to play in job opportunities, the activity will create helping prevent marine pollution by leading and opportunities for the private sector. financing innovation or financially contributing through fiscal and regulatory mechanisms. Recycling and Plastics: Market studies in The areas of intervention vary depending on Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, and the segment of the value chain and include Vietnam have helped foster dialogue between waste management companies that can the International Finance Corporation (IFC) implement waste management solutions and and the private sector on plastic recycling foster technological innovation through public– and alternatives that has helped unlock the private partnerships to reduce, reuse, or recycle potential for private sector investments. The plastics before they become waste, and also market studies were conducted in partnership include consumer goods companies and plastic with IFC to determine opportunities for and producers and manufacturers, who can drive barriers to private sector engagement in innovation in new materials and alternatives to plastics. IFC arranged a landmark $300 million single-use plastics. financing package in Thailand in November 2020 for Indorama Ventures to help the In line with the World Bank’s corporate company increase its plastic recycling capacity mobilizing finance for development approach, in Brazil, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, PROBLUE aims to leverage private sector and Thailand. This first-ever blue loan to a partners to promote sustainable investment in global plastic resin manufacturer will lead ocean sectors by helping client countries enact to the recycling of 50 billion polyethylene financial policies that provide a supportive terephthalate (PET) bottles globally per year climate for investment. by 2025. Other similar investments are being explored in China, Indonesia the Philippines, In FY21, 55 percent of activities approved and Vietnam. included MFD as a cross-cutting theme in their proposals, indicating that the proposals Blue Economy Industries: PROBLUE-funded encourage private sector investment in the activities have substantially contributed to MFD oceans. by providing recommendations on PROBLUE- funded activities that have influenced the PROBLUE’s MFD achievements in FY21 are design of two World Bank investment project highlighted throughout this report and include: financing operations. Pillar 4 (seascape management) engaged several private sector Aquaculture: Reducing disease risk in actors from diverse blue economy sectors, aquaculture by investing in health management including tourism, mining, and fisheries. As a (see Section 4) can lower the risk profile of result of engagement under Pillar 4, a project in aquaculture investments and thus attract partnership with the company Nacala Logistics private equity in an MFD model that will is expected to be funded under the South West directly address the global knowledge objective Indian Ocean Fisheries Governance and Shared of developing sustainable aquaculture by Growth Project, including activities linking improving biosecurity. By addressing the fishers to the company’s catering service and under-capitalization of the aquaculture promotion of mangrove protection. HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 13 São Tomé and Príncipe /© Shutterstock / Pascale Gueret 14 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T Indonesia / © Shutterstock / kataleewan intarachote 3. PROGRESS REPORT FOR FY21 PROBLUE BY THE NUMBERS Marking only its second full fiscal year of are supporting regional or national operation, PROBLUE mobilized significant engagements. funding despite the significant challenges that the COVID-19 pandemic posed. The figures y Because the blue economy covers multiple below illustrate the program’s commitment to sectors, about 61 percent of PROBLUE integrated multisector work, as well as targeted activities are in collaboration with teams strategic engagements in single sectors, with a outside the Bank's Environment, Natural strong emphasis on the cross-cutting themes of Resources and Blue Economy practice. gender equality, climate change adaptation and This includes teams from the Urban, Social, mitigation, and private sector involvement. Tourism, Agriculture, Transport, Health, Energy, Climate Change, Gender, and other y The PROBLUE portfolio has grown global practices (GPs) and practice groups, significantly. In FY21, 31 proposals were as well as joint teams with IFC. accepted, increasing the total number of approved proposals to 85. The proposals y PROBLUE has continued to champion accepted in FY21 amounted to more than cross-cutting areas such as gender equality, $17.5 million, increasing PROBLUE’s total climate change adaptation, and MFD; 90 portfolio to $60.3 million. percent of funded activities have a gender component, 90 percent are focused on y So far, PROBLUE has supported design climate change, and 55 percent are focused and implementation of 76 active and on MFD collaboration. pipeline lending operations amounting to more than $7.4 billion, with every $1 y Disbursements in FY21 totaled more than of PROBLUE funding influencing $215 in $20 million, up from $5.2 million in FY20. lending operations. In FY21, $7.6 million, or 43 percent of total approved funds for National or in-country activities accounted PROBLUE proposals, directly supported for 71 percent of accepted proposals, global design and implementation of 14 active activities for 23 percent, and regional activities and pipeline lending operations totaling for 6 percent. These figures indicate a strategic $1.4 billion. focus on effective country-level engagements. y In FY21, PROBLUE emphasized applying emerging lessons from global products to inform regional and national work; 77 percent of approved activities HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 15 FIGURE 1. PROBLUE Portfolio by Region a) PROBLUE FY21 Portfolio MENA, $485,000 ECA, $500,000 3% 3% Global, $1,593,000 EAP, $4,900,000 9% 28% SAR, $2,172,000 12% LAC, $3,300,000 AFR, $4,553,000 19% 26% b) Total PROBLUE Portfolio as of FY21 MENA, $2,025,000 ECA, $900,000 3% 1% SAR, $5,487,000 9% EAP, $24,280,000 40% LAC, $7,000,000 11% Global, $10,908,000 18% AFR, $10,755,000 18% Note: AFR is Africa; EAP is East Asia and the Pacific; ECA is Europe and Central Asia; LAC is Latin America and the Caribbean; MENA is Middle East and North Africa; SAR is South Asia. 16 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 17 India / © Shutterstock / Sapsiwai MAP 1.  Map of PROBLUE Activities All PROBLUE–Supported Activities (Ongoing and Closed) as of June 30, 2021 PROJECT COUNTRIES X NUMBER OF PROJECTS IN FY19 and FY20 X NUMBER OF PROJECTS IN FY21 Caribbean Inset ANTIGUA & UKRAINE BARBUDA ST. KITTS MOLDOVA AND NEVIS DOMINICA GEORGIA ALBANIA ST. LUCIA TURKEY CHINA ST. VINCENT AND TUNISIA THE GRENADINES GRENADA LEBANON MOROCCO WEST BANK PAKISTAN AND GAZA NEPAL A.R. OF EGYPT MYANMAR INDIA HAITI MAURITANIA LAO CABO BANGLADESH P.D.R. JAMAICA VERDE HONDURAS THAILAND VIETNAM FEDERATED STATES SENEGAL MARSHALL PHILIPPINES OF MICRONESIA ISLANDS EL SALVADOR THE GAMBIA GUINEA NIGERIA CAMBODIA COSTA RICA SRI LANKA GUYANA CÔTE SIERRA LEONE D’IVOIRE BRUNEI PALAU LIBERIA BENIN MALDIVES MALAYSIA DARUSSALAM SINGAPORE KIRIBATI GHANA TOGO NAURU ECUADOR SÃO TOMÉ INDONESIA PAPUA SOLOMON AND PRÍNCIPE TANZANIA NEW ISLANDS SEYCHELLES GUINEA TUVALU PERU BRAZIL SAMOA MOZAMBIQUE VANUATU TONGA FIJI SOUTH AFRICA IBRD 45304 | AUGUST 2021 This map was produced by the Cartography Unit of the World Bank Group. The boundaries, colors, denominations and any other information shown on this map do not imply, on the part of the World Bank Group, a  ny judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. IBRD 45304 | AUGUST 2021 18 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T HEALT HY O CEANS • HEALT HY ECO NO M I ES • HEALTH Y COMMUNITIE S 19 20 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T Equatorial Guinea / © Shutterstock / Jan Ziegler  ROBLUE WORK BY REGION 4. P GLOBAL ADVISORY analytics are not ends in themselves but rather SERVICES AND ANALYTICS are meant to lead to action on the ground, by demonstrating both the costs of inaction and PROBLUE’s global work supports two main the benefits of blue investment by improving goals: influencing the international agenda and the quality of operations. drawing attention to the foundational aspects of the blue economy and the root causes of In FY21, PROBLUE supported the following the degradation of ocean health. To that end, global analytical work: PROBLUE’s global work focuses on improving and developing innovative tools, guidelines, An analysis that outlines pathways for and methodologies to enhance operations and meaningful engagement between the fisheries support governments in their decision-making sector and social protection systems is well process. The global work that PROBLUE under way. This analytical work aims to identify supports is designed based on demand and policy measures and instruments that can be lessons learned from countries. One of the best leveraged to address losses resulting from examples of this work is the Blue Economy temporary or long-term reductions in fishing Development Framework (BEDF), which activity and to generate wider blue economy provides a structure under which various policy benefits at the community level. Specifically, analyses, capacity assessments, planning tools, it will strengthen fisheries management and and financing instruments are organized to help build resilience in communities that rely on countries design a blue economy roadmap that fisheries. In view of the final deliverable—a is unique to their needs. toolkit for practitioners and related knowledge- management products—a stock-taking report PROBLUE supports limited but crucial targeted that forms the basis for a conceptual framework advocacy work to draw attention to the for how various social-protection and labor drivers of unsustainability while maintaining a instruments are used to address covariate pragmatic approach and identifying high-level risks and vulnerabilities in the fisheries sector solutions to these drivers. Our work on fiscal has been completed. The team is coordinating reforms and restructuring public expenditures closely with the Food and Agriculture has been organized around World Trade Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Organization negotiations on reforming fishing which is working on complementary initiatives subsidies, and we continue to support an at the interface between social protection international coalition to establish blue natural and fisheries. capital accounting standards. PROBLUE work on decarbonization of shipping feeds into Another cross-GP initiative is development of internal policy processes at the International diagnostic tools and guidance to inform WASH Maritime Organization (IMO). As illustrated interventions in fisheries, aquaculture, and above, PROBLUE’s global advisory services and their value chains to increase health and food HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 21 South Africa ./.© Shutterstock / RUBEN M RAMOS safety, reduce the spread of COVID-19, and field teams and country counterparts to collect reduce antimicrobial resistance. This work has relevant data and information. In spite of these been undertaken in collaboration with the FAO, delays, work has been completed remotely, and which has been contributing technical guidance data have been collected in virtual sessions with and been involved in the review of deliverables. key contacts and informants. In addition, the (See Box 6 on page 42.) team has engaged with the private sector in the selected countries to encourage collection of Also related to health, safety, and antimicrobial relevant data. The private sector will be further resistance is the cross-GP activity on improving engaged once the stakeholder roundtables the quality and sustainability of investments have been carried out and will be part of the in the aquaculture sector by promoting and target audience for the external elements of the facilitating adoption of best-in-class disease- communications strategy. control and health-management practices. Four streams of activities are included: cost- In marine litter and pollution management, benefit analyses, stakeholder roundtables, PROBLUE’s global strategy aims to fill the technical assistance, and communication gaps on knowledge and methodologies and and dissemination. Five countries have been develop decision-making tools to help countries included for cost-benefit analysis case studies and practitioners, including Bank task teams, covering a range of biosecurity interventions: understand and design effective, efficient, Madagascar, Mozambique, Peru, Sri Lanka, implementable projects, policies, and packages and Vietnam. The conceptual model and of interventions to prevent plastic pollution. methodology have been developed and aligned To that end, PROBLUE supports innovative with the Global Burden of Animal Diseases work to develop tools to help countries initiative. COVID-19 has challenged the original identify Pathways out of Plastic Pollution, implementation plan, limiting the ability to reach which is the name of the analysis set to launch 22 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T next year. This work will provide three missing solid waste. A report was prepared and it methodologies and guidelines to support the provides practical information, guidance, and critical junctures in plastic pollution prevention advice to inform and complement the work of and assist the World Bank teams, including the national and local authorities and practitioners IFC, in policy dialogue and project preparation: to reinforce the need for integrated waste a model that helps establish targets for management systems at all levels of reduction and substitution by estimating government. It contains numerous country the external costs and benefits of 10 plastic and city examples from unitary and federal products commonly found in the environment states and exemplifies differences in sector and their substitutes; guidelines and lessons governance across institutional tiers, as well as learned that help harness the experience in low-, middle- and high-income economies of other jurisdictions in implementing and to highlight potential solutions in contexts enforcing plastic pollution management that differ in capacity, resources, services, and policies and learning lessons that are relevant objectives. Finally, in FY21, PROBLUE started in a country context; and a plastic policy to develop another global analytical piece impact simulator that helps multiple national (Behavior Change in Waste Management) stakeholders negotiate a comprehensive set that will help draw global attention to the of policy reforms to create viable market role and nuances of behavior change in waste incentives for households and firms to reduce, management by increasing understanding of reuse, recycle, and safely dispose of plastic potential behavior change solutions that can products. This work will help countries rebuild influence how waste is managed and how to better and bluer, because it will consider reduce waste at the source. opportunities for job creation along the plastic value chain, setting targets for reduction and Blue Economy Development Framework substitution of plastic items and simulating The BEDF has been instrumental in fostering the effects of policy reforms to create viable a better understanding of the ocean economy incentives (for households, the private sector, and identifying the steps required to effect a and governments) to address plastic pollution transition to a blue economy. It consists of three at each stage of the value chain, in line with core components: knowledge management; the principles of a more circular economy. At policy, institutional, and fiscal reforms; and the end of FY21, the three tasks are under way, fostering investment in the blue economy. A developed with pilots and case studies in 14 suite of tools, including guidance notes on blue countries. The Bank is planning to implement public expenditure reviews, national ocean these models in FY22 in additional countries accounting, and MSP, has been developed to as indicated by the high interest expressed by enable client countries to design and implement World Bank teams. Because this analytic work strategies for blue economy development is designed to feed into operations, PROBLUE’s tailored to their particular circumstances. analytical work will ultimately increase the size The BEDF was piloted in Vietnam, India, and and sustainability of the World Bank’s portfolio Kiribati, and lessons from these pilots have led of ocean operations. to a broader understanding of the use of the BEDF toolkit to develop integrated seascape The analysis that PROBLUE supported on management. As a result, PROBLUE has Bridging the Gap in Solid Waste Management observed an uptake in interest in and uptake of has been completed in FY21, contributing to the BEDF, and support has expanded from the the body of knowledge and experiences in original three pilot countries to 15 countries: organization and management of municipal Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guinea, Indonesia, HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 23 Jamaica, Mozambique, Myanmar, Peru, blue economy goals, including MSP, which is Tanzania, and in Central America, the Eastern the process of designing roadmaps for a blue Caribbean, and the Pacific Islands. economy, and to help countries build back bluer. PROBLUE is leading a global effort aimed at National and regional BEDF efforts include illustrating the potential for MSP to strengthen diagnostic analyses and tools to inform the the WBG’s ocean economy portfolio. As part development of a blue economy approach, of this effort, a knowledge package is being including natural capital valuation in Kiribati generated that includes three guidance notes on and Vietnam and socioeconomic assessments MSP to support client countries transitioning to in Guinea, Indonesia, and Tanzania. Central a blue economy approach. One note illustrates America, Indonesia, Mozambique, Tanzania, and how MSP can help prevent and address user Vietnam are also developing comprehensive conflicts between current and emerging sectors, strategies that include blue financing schemes account for climate change, and address (including payment for ecosystem services environmental and social challenges. The other and private sector engagement), as well as two notes on the economic case for MSP and institutional, regulatory, and fiscal assessments, guidance on data and tools complement the to support development of blue economy broad guidance note. This focus on MSP aligns action plans linked to MSP activities and with the recommendations of the High Level ensure sustainable allocation and use of marine Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy (HLP), resources and space. More detail on FY21 which includes the development of Sustainable achievements in individual countries is included Ocean Plans. These plans are designed to foster in the regional sections. integration between the oceanic sectors on which economic recovery and resilience depend. PROBLUE has initiated a collaborative effort with the Finance and Markets team to Offshore Wind Energy identify sustainable, replicable blue financing The Energy Sector Management Assistance instruments. This initiative will build on the Program (ESMAP) is leading a global effort World Bank report Mobilizing Private Finance to include offshore wind in the energy sector for Nature, which identified monetizing cash policies and strategies of World Bank client flows from the provision of ecosystem services countries and the upstream work needed to (financing green or blue) and driving better build a pipeline of bankable projects. PROBLUE management of biodiversity risks (greening collaboration with ESMAP is focused on or blueing finance) as two key channels development of an environmental and social for private finance mobilization. Options framework for offshore wind spatial planning, considered include coastal ecosystem insurance which supports planning of offshore wind instruments to enhance climate resilience and by incorporating environmental and social restore biodiversity and ecosystem services considerations at an early stage. PROBLUE’s (financing green or blue) and financing funding has been deployed strategically to schemes for transitioning to a decarbonized supplement the offshore wind program’s main, shipping industry (greening or blueing finance). but limited, funding from ESMAP by appointing expert consultants to advise on environmental Marine Spatial Planning and social factors in the earliest stages of The World Bank is developing financial and planning and ensure that these are priority technical tools to help its clients reach their topics for World Bank client governments. 24 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T BOX 1. Supporting Policies and Investments to Reduce Ocean Plastics in Vietnam According to McIlgorm, the cost of ocean plastics to the tourism, fishing, and shipping industries in Asia- Pacific Economic Cooperation countries alone was estimated to be $1.26 billion in 2008, and according to Jambeck and colleagues, Vietnam has the fourth highest rate of mismanaged plastic waste worldwide, producing 0.28 million to 0.73 million tons of plastic marine debris per year. Plastic waste floating in coastal areas or washed ashore on beaches directly affects major tourism areas such as Halong Bay, Da Nang, and Nha Trang, and the Mekong River, which runs through Vietnam, is among the most polluted rivers in the world. With support from PROBLUE, the World Bank has been supporting the Vietnam Administration of Seas and Islands under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, advising on implementation of the National Action Plan on Marine Plastic Debris Management. As chair of the Association of Southeast Asian National in 2020, Vietnam had a high-visibility opportunity to promote and advance reduction of ocean plastic pollution in the region. The PROBLUE-supported work has three components, the first of which is finalized. 1) Diagnostics on Plastic Waste: Over the past year, the World Bank has supported field surveys of selected riverbanks and coastal sites to determine the extent of plastic pollution and the top 10 polluting items, integrated plastic transport monitoring and analysis (through remote sensing and drone surveys) at selected rivers to monitor plastic waste in waterways that flow into the ocean, and a preliminary analysis of alternatives to Vietnam’s most-polluting plastic items. The surveys' results provide an analytical basis for the government (at the national and selected subnational levels) to identify priority plastic items (e.g., the top 10 polluters) to target with policies and investments. This work also developed and piloted an integrated plastics transport monitoring concept for rivers for potential expansion. Components two and three are nearly complete. 2) Supporting the Government of Vietnam with a Plastics Policy Roadmap and Solid Waste Management Investment and Reform Analysis: Under this component, options, recommendations, and a roadmap for plastic policies targeting identified plastic items prioritized for policy measures based on diagnostic work under the first component are reported on, and investment and reform options for solid waste management and plastic waste reduction in three priority municipalities are being identified. 3) Value Chain and Market Study: The International Finance Corporation and World Bank have finalized a plastics value chain diagnostic and market study on plastic circularity, with a focus on the recycling sector. The study helped prioritize and drive private sector solutions and investments with a view to promoting management of used plastics as a valuable resource rather than waste. It will be released soon. Vietnam /© Shutterstock / Andreas Rose HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 25 In FY21, IFC assessed several potential and stakeholders on previously unrecognized nearshore wind farm investments in Vietnam environmental constraints that will exclude and noticed that these investments would development in some areas. This is also helping not meet IFC’s performance standards, which to inform the design of recipient-executed define client responsibilities for managing their downstream work to gather offshore data and environmental and social risks. This experience establish the characteristics of potential sites. helped shape our PROBLUE-funded advisory and assessment activities. In addition to developing these roadmaps, this offshore wind effort held sessions on Findings from this work include that a typical environmental and social impacts and MSP 1 gigawatt offshore wind project takes 6 to 8 during the program’s virtual study tour in years to develop and costs around $3 billion. 2020, which some 400 delegates from 24 International financing is therefore required client country governments and private because local banks cannot be expected to bear sector organizations attended. These included the financing volume and risks alone. prerecorded videos from World Bank staff, government officials, and private sector experts In addition, the first ESMAP offshore wind and meet-the-expert sessions with question- roadmap was developed for Vietnam, and-answer opportunities. During FY21, and PROBLUE-supported activities led to country workshops were held with eight client inclusion of two key recommendations in the governments (Azerbaijan, Brazil, Colombia, study: that Vietnam establish development India, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Turkey, zones through MSP and clear environmental Vietnam). These were the first engagements and social impact assessment procedures with these governments on offshore wind and that adhere to international standards. The were precursors to commencing roadmap roadmap also estimated that offshore wind studies. In each workshop, environmental and development in Vietnam could create 700,000 social factors were presented as important full-time years of employment between now topics in the proposed roadmap scope, and all and 2035, add $50 billion to the economy, governments subsequently agreed to include and avoid $217 million metric tons of carbon environmental and social factors as topics of dioxide emissions. The government of Vietnam investigation in their roadmaps. is beginning work to incorporate offshore wind into a country-wide MSP supported by The ESMAP team leading this effort is also part the BEDF and ESMAP. This could be the first of the steering group of the PROBLUE-led MSP. time the Bank implements the Environmental Their engagement ensures dynamic cross- and Social Framework for Offshore Wind fertilization of offshore wind energy and MSP Spatial Planning, which could also generate programs and maintains an active relationship significant knowledge-sharing opportunities for through mutual support. Two PROBLUE replicability in other developing countries. webinars have been delivered in collaboration, including the Climate-Informed MSP, held in The biodiversity assessment carried out for June 2021. the Turkey offshore wind roadmap found that many areas that were thought to be well suited Sustainable, Resilient Tourism on Small Islands to offshore wind actually pose a high risk and in Coastal Destinations of harm to critical habitats and endangered PROBLUE is improving understanding of how species. Findings that will be presented in SIDS and small coastal nations can increase the final roadmap will inform the government their tourism competitiveness in the wake 26 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T Tanzania / © Shutterstock / Mahmoud Ghazal of COVID-19 through more sustainable and topics from waste management to nature- resilient tourism practices. Findings from based solutions to coastal management as the analytical and research activities are the basis for a digital platform that will be expected to help public and private sector developed in FY22 (with co-funding from other stakeholders understand key topics of new global donors). The platform will make these demand trends, circular economy, blue tourism, resources available to governments, businesses, and sustainability efforts. In FY21, this global civil society, and all relevant stakeholders. The analytical effort has generated: guidance note provides short-, medium-, and long-term recovery pathways that will help Capacity building in SIDS: Under the blue SIDS develop more competitive and sustainable tourism in SIDS guidance note work that tourism sectors. PROBLUE funded, an inventory of 400 tools and resources relevant for stakeholders in Consumer market research: This effort SIDS and coastal nations is being developed, provides governments, national tourism as well as a gap analysis comparing its organizations, and the private tourism contents with stakeholder knowledge needs. sector with a deeper understanding of Recommendations on how to design and host a how COVID-19 has affected psychographic digital platform that will deliver these resources behaviors of consumers, including risk profiles, to stakeholders and how to build their capacity preferred destination types, and activities. to implement sustainable blue tourism will The research focuses on three priority tourism accompany this inventory. markets (Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) to examine trends in core and Blue economy best practice for SIDS: This emerging markets for SIDS. The research initiative includes an inventory of tools, provides information on their demographic resources, policies, and best practices on characteristics and decision-making process HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 27 when selecting a holiday destination in the decisions can be better understood. Doing this context and aftermath of COVID-19. Profiles of for neighboring countries, like Liberia and Sierra consumers and findings will allow the World Leone, will also facilitate regional collaboration. Bank to support governments and national Likewise, funding is provided for these two tourism organizations in developing specific, countries for technical assistance to help update, implementable marketing recommendations to finalize, and most notably, implement national support short-term recovery and medium-term plans of action to combat illegal, unreported and market diversification. unregulated fishing, building on the data and on previous collaboration with the FAO. Work also Assessment of tourism sector circular economy includes assessing impacts of potential fisheries and plastic waste: Concrete recommendations management measures on local value chains, are being produced on the design of public including on fish supply and employment (not policy and private sector interventions to enable least for women), as well as a targeted public a shift toward a more circular economy in the expenditure review to assess the impact of a three target countries, focusing on the sectors shortfall in licensing fees. The results of these and the public–private infrastructure (water, efforts are feeding into the development of energy, transportation, waste, wastewater fisheries investment in Liberia and dialogue with management) that can most positively affect the the government of Sierra Leone on a potential tourism sector. investment. For Liberia, PROBLUE-supported activities extend to cross-pillar work on marine litter reduction and prevention, including for AFRICA determining inland plastic pollution hotspots and marine litter composition in selected coastal PROBLUE’s engagement in Africa is focused areas, complemented by an assessment of on building country capacity and meeting the plastic value chain and the potential for fundamental needs in many sectors requiring reduction, reuse, and recycling in key sectors, urgent attention, from lack of adequate waste including abandoned, lost, or otherwise collection in many coastal cities, to the need for discarded fishing gear. technical assistance and capacity building to enable more systematic, regular data analysis In addition to these initiatives, PROBLUE is and reporting, to decision makers and the supporting coastal resilience efforts associated public, to inform policy recommendations on with nature-based solutions, particularly essential matters such as controlling fishing mangrove protection and restoration, and beach effort and access, reducing coastal climate and shoreline stabilization. In The Gambia, risks, and promoting an integrated seascape Ghana, Guinea, and Senegal, PROBLUE has management. There is also an opportunity to supported awareness of climate change and pave the way for building back bluer in many the benefits of hybrid solutions promoting countries and to leapfrog to a circular economy, nature-based solutions and land and coastal as the African Circular Economy Alliance use planning. Linkages between ecosystem recently illustrated. conditions, coastal risks, waste management, and public health has been a priority that On fisheries, PROBLUE is providing support for continues to grow with the sense of urgency West African countries to allow for systematic to take action. The Gambia is a small, fragile analysis of vessel monitoring data and other coastal country with limited access to financing; sources of information to enable an estimate of because of PROBLUE’s support, the Bank has total fishing effort so that fisheries management strengthened its engagement in the country 28 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T BOX 2. Sustainable, Resilient Tourism on Small Islands and in Coastal Destinations Tourism is one of the largest, fastest growing sectors of the ocean economy, comprising 26 percent of the total value of the ocean economy in 2016, according to the OECD. This is driven by coastal, marine, and nature-based tourism activities that contributed $390 billion to global gross domestic product (GDP) and supported more than 6.5 million jobs in 2010. Among blue tourism destinations, small island developing states (SIDS) and small coastal destinations provide unique experiences for travelers, allowing them to explore diverse marine ecosystems, relax on pristine beaches, and discover cultures built around the oceans. In exchange, tourism creates an engine of economic growth, generating jobs, supporting small and medium enterprises, and earning more than $50 billion in exports for SIDS each year, according to the World Trade Organization. The COVID-19 crisis essentially halted tourism to SIDS in 2020, as many closed international borders to protect their populations and preserve the capacity of their healthcare systems. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development found that SIDS experienced a 70 percent reduction in travel receipts in 2020, driving an estimated 9 percent reduction in GDP. Emerging research suggests that health and hygiene measures to address COVID-19 have increased consumption of water, single-use plastics, and cleaning chemicals that are harmful for delicate island ecosystems, although the pandemic seems to be creating new opportunities, with initial market intelligence indicating that the crisis has put premiums on destination health and safety and increased interest in sustainable and nature-based tourism. With PROBLUE’s support, the World Bank is exploring the opportunity to rethink and adjust tourism management in SIDS and create strong foundations for healthy, sustainable, resilient destinations. Cutting across PROBLUE pillars 2, 3, and 4, the project is creating global knowledge for all SIDS while piloting specific activities in three West African countries: Cabo Verde, the Gambia, and São Tomé and Príncipe. The project is helping SIDS increase their tourism competitiveness in the wake of COVID-19 by developing knowledge, guidelines, and digital training and supporting innovation for enhanced competitiveness of the sector. The project will help mitigate adverse environmental impacts of adaptation to COVID-19 health standards at the business and destination level. In the first year, the World Bank has explored sustainable recovery pathways for SIDS to reinvigorate their blue economies and developed a comprehensive database of policy tools and resources for their governments. To investigate new demand trends, the World Bank launched new consumer market research to quantify the impacts of COVID-19 on consumer preferences regarding sustainability, nature-based tourism, and health and safety. The results will support development of new guidelines and standards for businesses, blue tourism product development, and dynamic marketing strategies in the pilot countries. In the coming year, the World Bank will conduct tourism sector circular economy and plastic waste assessments in each of the pilot countries, create guidelines on the circular economy and environmental sustainability in the tourism sector for COVID-19 conditions, and provide tourism training for enterprises with a specific focus on female owners and employees. The project will end with design of a blue economy innovation competition for tourism entrepreneur financing with a focus on female entrepreneurs. © Shutterstock / Subphoto.com HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 29 © Shutterstock / KONGKOON and deepened Bank–government dialogue on PROBLUE continues to support cooperation urban and coastal resilience. In addition, there is among West African countries for mitigation increasing interest in nature-based solutions and of regional pollution through analytics and marine pollution, which is mobilizing other active dialogue. For example, the regional plastic development partners sharing similar concerns. value chain and policy framework, including private sector opportunities for a circular In Guinea, PROBLUE is supporting economy approach, is being analyzed, and the implementation of a BEDF effort to address true economic costs associated with marine significant data gaps in coastal ecosystems and litter caused by plastics in countries in West consolidating sectoral data. The partnerships Africa is being evaluated to inform policy established through this effort with the National options and regional engagement activities. Aeronautics and Space Administration; the Stakeholder engagement processes are also European Space Agency; and various sectors supported with the National Plastic Action including environment, agriculture, fisheries, Partnership platform in Ghana, where PROBLUE and mining have supported production, is funding a value chain diagnostic that will identification, and compilation of a series complement and inform an active investment of baseline datasets essential to initiating a project financing on solid waste management constructive process of integrated marine in Accra by including the plastic management and coastal planning in Guinea in the first half perspective, as well as social aspects (such as of 2022. This work is also strengthening the impacts and opportunities for waste pickers) integrity of mangroves as part of Guinea’s and job creation, by unlocking private sector strategies for climate change mitigation and investments. Similarly, we are enabling joint adaptation, including its updated NDC. work with IFC in Nigeria to engage with the private sector to identify opportunities for 30 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T expanding recycling efforts by implementing Ongoing work in South Africa in support of circular economy business models while improvement in solid waste management and improving working conditions in the informal development of a circular economy, drawing sector and assessing possible solutions to on Africa’s unique circumstances, is expected prevent plastic pollution along the value chain. to set examples and allow lessons to be shared with neighboring countries. PROBLUE supports strategies to reduce plastic consumption and improve waste management As part of the cross-pillar PROBLUE-supported systems in Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Tanzania, Mozambique PROBLUE Program (MozAzul) with the focus on improving urban planning and activity, a study was undertaken to help the governance to stop leakage into the oceans. government of Mozambique identify public BOX 3. COVID-19 Response in Nigeria Nigeria generates 1.15 million tons of recyclable plastic waste per year, with only about 6 percent recovered. Lagos being the most populous coastal city in Africa with more than 24 million residents generates 4.13 million tons of solid waste. Of the entire solid waste generated yearly in Lagos, 13 percent is recyclable, of which 23 percent is plastic waste. Lagos, the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria, recorded a drastic increase in plastic waste generated from health care facilities and use of personal protective equipment in isolation centers, exacerbating the plastic waste problem in Nigeria due to the lack of adequate solid waste facilities. Recent demand for health services to counter the pandemic will increase plastic waste generation and contribute to marine plastic pollution if not managed properly. PROBLUE is helping the World Bank develop a knowledge base in Nigeria to increase the capacity of Lagos State residents to reduce marine plastic pollution by promoting sustainable plastic management (reduce, reuse, recycle). An assessment is underway on the impact of COVID-19 on health care facilities’ use of plastics. Initial findings from the review of existing policies and practices to address health care facilities’ plastic waste management show a lack of policies and guidelines specific to plastic and limited requisite knowledge. Field assessments will be conducted to provide the quantitative and qualitative data needed to engage stakeholders and support a circular economy. © Shutterstock / Drew McArthur HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 31 policies and expenditures that can leverage waste generation management. The Tanzania sustainable private sector investment in effort is also applying the BEDF to set the capture fisheries, aquaculture, and mangrove baseline for development of a marine spatial protection. This comprised a component on plan. Recommendations generated under this gender equality in Mozambique’s fisheries BEDF work are focused on decision-support sector, including recommendations on how tools, which will include suggestions for to increase access by women to value chain development of national blue natural capital development opportunities. The study will accounting and an inclusive stakeholder inform the update of the 1996 National engagement plan for establishing the process Fisheries Policy, expected to be finalized in for forming an action plan—especially for MSP. 2022. MozAzul has enabled the design of the This PROBLUE-funded activity will also support fisheries and blue economy components of two regional MSP and nature-based solutions new operations, approved in June 2021. The including restoration of mangroves and coral program has engaged several private sector reefs and rehabilitation of shorelines with actors from diverse blue economy industries, resilient indigenous trees and grasses. including tourism, mining, and fisheries. In FY21, the government, with support from PROBLUE and following the BEDF approach, finalized EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC the action plan for Mozambique’s BEDF and delivered the guidance document Financing In FY21, PROBLUE accelerated its support to Mechanisms for Sustainable Blue Economy East Asian and Pacific countries in addressing Development in Mozambique. Part of this marine plastic pollution, furthered the activity included analytical work on marine production and harvesting of seafood, and plastics (national marine litter analysis, policy helped develop the sustainable tourism sector. assessment, circular economy study) and a plastics social innovation process, which will be Perhaps the most noteworthy cross-sectoral concluded in the first half of FY22. initiative in East Asia and the Pacific is the programmatic intervention for Pacific island In Tanzania, PROBLUE is supporting an countries. This holistic program aims to innovative gender approach to address plastic enhance understanding and inform policy and pollution. This effort is assessing the roles investment options to respond to some of the of women and men as agents of change in biggest environmental challenges affecting reducing plastic pollution. Sex-specific research sustainable development in Pacific island on the impacts of plastics on human health, countries and will inform development of the particularly on the exposure of the labor force blue economy in 12 SIDS in the Pacific region. to hazardous chemicals in the plastics industry, PROBLUE assists in developing regional and is intending to unveil the gender-related risk national strategies in each of the three main assessment for men and women. This national areas of fisheries, ecosystem management, effort is also exploring the roles of women and and sustainable tourism (which covers men in reducing the impacts of plastics on the biodiversity and conservation management, environment, especially the marine environment. climate change and nature-based solutions, and This activity is making recommendations sustainable tourism, with a focus on nature- on measures to formalize informal waste based tourism) and pollution (with marine management and actions to improve women’s plastics as the primary initial focus). In its first livelihoods and increase their participation in year, it became an ambitious, strategically economic opportunities and decision making in important program through engagement with 32 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T BOX 4. Charting a Blue Economy Path for Indonesia With more than 17,500 islands and three quarters of its jurisdiction marine, Idonesia’s oceans are central to its prosperity. Indonesia has the world’s second-largest fishery sector, contributing $27 billion to GDP and 7 million jobs, but there are challenges that threaten the benefits derived from oceans, with 37 percent of fish stocks overfished, continued loss of mangroves, and one-third of coral reefs in poor condition. The government is working to address these challenges. With support from PROBLUE, the World Bank has been helping the government increase the knowledge base and technical capacity for blue economy policy development. The PROBLUE-supported work is delivering policy options for strengthening the fisheries management system, charting a roadmap for more effective blue finance, and formulating climate change adaptation measures for the fisheries sector. The work supports the Oceans for Prosperity investment project currently in preparation, which aims to strengthen marine and coastal resource management and improve coastal livelihoods. Climate change is an important focus of this work, given Indonesia’s vulnerability to ocean warming and extreme weather events. Without adaptation, the fisheries sector and coastal communities will experience loss and damage. With the support of PROBLUE, a partnership between the World Bank, Packard Foundation, University of British Columbia, and University of Bern is working with the government to quantify climate change impacts on marine fisheries and coastal communities and exploring adaptation options. Preliminary modeling shows that key stocks—important to large- and small-scale fishers—are exposed to climate hazards and in the next few decades, may see reduced catch. Diverse adaptive options are being co-designed at consultation workshops with stakeholders, including protecting and restoring coral reefs and mangroves that support fish habitats, improving fisheries management, increasing social security and alternative livelihood support for fishers, and building flexibility into supply chains. Options to inform investments such as Oceans for Prosperity over the next 12 months and climate-sensitive policy development in the longer term are being developed. Indonesia / © Shutterstock / William.Vaccaro HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 33 © Shutterstock / Attasit saentep clients (national governments and regional created a surge in plastic consumption and agencies) and development partners as a has presented difficult short-term choices critical part of ensuring the relevance of the between health and the environment, resulting activities that will unfold in FY22. This region in greater use of single-use plastics and is implementing the first PROBLUE-funded greater production of medical waste, which blue port activity, aiming at enhancing the can end up in the oceans. In FY21, PROBLUE environmental sustainability and resilience of financed studies aimed at improving solid waste Pacific island ports. This effort is developing management; developing recycling markets; a 10-indicator tool for environmental and undertaking policy reforms analysis, sustainability to enhance country capacity such including for development of a more circular that local stakeholders are better equipped economy and green growth. to plan, construct, manage, and maintain port infrastructure operations sustainably. These Even though studies and data collection indicators include greenhouse gas emissions, have been delayed because of various travel energy and efficiency, climate change resilience, restrictions and lockdowns, many of the noise, vibration and light pollution, liquid and analytics that began two years ago have been sold waste, and biodiversity. This blue–green delivered; in FY21, more than 15 reports, toolkits, port effort will develop recommendations for and guidance documents were completed for increasing the sustainability and preparedness the region and at the country level in Malaysia, of Pacific island ports. the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. At the regional level, momentum was strengthened The region has continued to be at the across Association of Southeast Asian Nations forefront of the marine plastic agenda despite (ASEAN) member states by supporting the challenges that many countries face development of the ASEAN Regional Action Plan in managing COVID-19. The pandemic has for Combating Marine Debris—now endorsed 34 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T by all 10 countries—and supporting numerous conditions, for example, with regard to recycled dissemination activities and stakeholder content targets and standards for food- engagement processes, such as three regional contact applications. In Vietnam, field surveys stakeholder meetings on the ASEAN Regional conducted on river banks and at coastal sites Action Plan, the high-level event Marine to determine the extent of plastic pollution and Plastics in East Asia and the Pacific: Crisis identify the top 10 polluting items provide the and Opportunity in November 2020, and the analytical basis for the government to identify joint World Bank–United Nations Environment the priority plastic items to target with policies Programme (UNEP) workshop on measuring and investments. Part of the activity supported plastic pollution in March 2021. In addition to by PROBLUE aimed at developing and piloting the regional action plan, marine plastics and an integrated plastics transport monitoring gender were studied, and recommendations concept for rivers for potential expansion using were made for marine plastic management remote sensing and drone surveys. in Southeast Asia, building on consultations with six countries. A toolkit was also prepared Similarly in FY21, PROBLUE supported that analyzes the suitability of plastic pollution development of a national plastics roadmap assessment methodologies to inform regional and action plan in Lao People’s Democratic harmonization in the approach to plastics Republic by helping identify the plastic types pollution assessment and an options paper on and geographic areas that should be prioritized the implications of the Basel Convention plastic for policy measures and interventions, waste amendments on ASEAN countries, to conducting a survey of product alternatives, help inform regional action relating to ASEAN and devising a set of recommendations on plastic waste trade and ensure effective policies and regulatory instruments to reduce implementation of the Basel Convention. single-use plastics and improve plastics management. In Cambodia, PROBLUE funding PROBLUE also supported development of a has directly influenced design of the Bank- broad set of analytical activities at the country financed investment project on solid waste and level that government and stakeholders plastic management by financing assessments recognized were critical elements to inform of the status of solid waste management and target policies and investments to infrastructure and services, technical and combat marine plastic pollution, seeking economic prefeasibility assessments, and strategic entry points for policy support. Key preliminary environmental and social analysis outputs were achieved in FY21 in Malaysia, the of investments in the identified activities. This Philippines, and Thailand, including a material funding also enables ongoing engagement flow analysis; a framework for determining and support of the government in developing available technology for plastic management plastic policies to address priority plastic and solutions for reducing plastic waste on items and reduce plastic leakage into the small and remote islands; a study on the role environment, including pathways to rivers of extended producer responsibility schemes and oceans. In addition, preliminary findings toward circular economies in Asia-Pacific of studies conducted in China have provided Economic Cooperation; and assessments of background diagnostics that informed policies and regulations. Also, in Malaysia, the preparation of the China Plastics Waste Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam, the IFC and Reduction Project (approved in FY21) and the Bank have jointly identified root causes will further inform implementation of the of recycling market failures and developed project. Further work is focused on better recommendations to improve framework understanding the role that main rivers in China HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 35 play in the transmission of plastics, including catch documentation scheme; increasing microplastics, to oceans and the use and fate of sustainability in Vietnam’s fisheries policy plastics in agriculture. framework, focusing on stock-assessment capacity, quotas on fishing licenses and catch, Work was developed in FY21 that will start fleet-capacity adjustment planning, and in FY22 to increase understanding of the national guidelines for co-management; and vulnerabilities that informal-sector workers supporting greater private sector engagement face and to identify resulting opportunities in sustainable aquaculture development for community-level jobs from plastics (including shrimp value-chain analysis; carbon recycling, upcycling, and alternative materials and environmental footprint assessment of in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam. The various shrimp-production systems; strength, region is also leading on the important issue of weakness, opportunity, and threat analysis for abandoned, lost, or otherwise discarded fishing select mariculture commodities; and a private gear at the intersection of marine pollution sector roundtable). and fisheries, which is receiving increasing interest with little knowledge of the magnitude Vietnam was also one of the first three pilot of the problem and how to solve it. FY21 was countries for implementation of the BEDF a turning point as PROBLUE approved funds tool. This activity conducted three studies to start work with transformative potential to support and inform Vietnam’s efforts to for the fisheries sector and plastic gear use in promote resilient coastal economies. One the Pacific, with engagement at the regional activity involved developing guidance to level, diagnostics at the country level, and strengthen the tools used in implementing pilots in four Pacific island countries that will tasks that are critical for effective planning— then be expanded to the whole region. Work valuing ecosystem services and determining is also starting in Vietnam, and it is expected suitable coastal protection corridors. Another that these early engagements will help pave activity involved examining opportunities the way for developing guidance and build on to involve the private sector in supporting further engagements in countries, including by sustainable aquaculture and assess the engaging with the transport sector on ports. importance of complying with measures to address illegal, unregulated and unreported Significant progress has been made in the fisheries in Vietnam. The third activity involved cross-pillar (1, 2, and 3) intervention for preparing a report that clarifies the concept development of sustainable fisheries in of a blue economy in Vietnam’s context and Vietnam, informing the policy framework and shares international experience in implementing investments. Several sizable consultancies were a blue economy. The outputs associated with initiated, including on “blue” fishing ports, to these three activities are part of continued assist with strategic, sustainable fishing port engagement and commitment from the World investment to be supported by the upcoming Bank to support the government of Vietnam in Sustainable Fisheries Development Project; boosting resilient coastal economies. addressing marine plastic pollution from the fisheries sector through policy analysis, The initiative on supporting sustainable baseline data collection, and measures to be fisheries development and resilient coastal implemented under the Sustainable Fisheries economies in the Philippines has progressed Development Project; assessing Vietnam’s well. Several analytical outputs contributed fisheries information management system and to achieving the development objective, designing upgrades in view of an electronic which is to improve the knowledge base for 36 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T the country’s fisheries sector and inform the provide advice and coordinate intersectoral design of the upcoming Fisheries and Coastal and interagency efforts to promote and move Resiliency project. In FY21, a number of forward the blue finance agenda. assignments were fully or largely completed, including: institutional capacity assessment Lastly, the Bank’s dialogue with Myanmar for the Philippines government agency to in areas related to coastal development, implement the Fisheries and Coastal Resiliency plastics, fisheries, and climate action revealed project; development of a model fisheries challenges and opportunities for establishing management plan to be adopted at the fishery a more sustainable and inclusive coastal blue management area level under the Fisheries economy. Activities that PROBLUE supported and Coastal Resiliency project; evaluation of were designed in response to the government’s sectoral performance focused on key capture- requests for advisory and capacity-building fishery and aquaculture commodities in two support related to sectoral policy and fishery management areas to be supported by institutional reform; aquaculture, fisheries, and the Fisheries and Coastal Resiliency project coastal-resources management planning; marine using fishery and aquaculture, value-chain and plastics reduction; and climate change. These associated post-harvest-investment needs critical thematic dialogues were intended to fill assessment for the two fishery management some of the priority knowledge and capacity areas; and a fisheries climate-vulnerability gaps for a long-term holistic vision and roadmap assessment for select species value chains. for blue economy development, laying the Regarding coastal resilience, an institutional foundation for potential investment lending assessment for coastal investment planning opportunities. The knowledge generated can was completed, and another consultancy, inform potential investment opportunities if and supporting coastal hazard risk assessment and when conditions allow for renewed engagement infrastructure investment planning (focused on by the Bank with the government of Myanmar. high-risk geographic areas), was launched. In Indonesia, PROBLUE is helping increase the EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA knowledge base for development of the blue economy using a BEDF approach. As part of PROBLUE’s continued engagement in the this effort, support is provided for informing marine pollution agenda in the Black Sea climate-change adaptation measures for to address the myriad challenges faced and fisheries management through a quantitative multiple sources of pollution has been successful assessment of climate vulnerability for specific in influencing the regional agenda. With many commercial stocks at subnational levels. This consultations with stakeholders in Bulgaria, study shows that fisheries in Indonesia’s waters Georgia, Moldova, Turkey, Romania, and are exposed to large climate hazards and will Ukraine, understanding the baseline of marine be highly vulnerable in the next few decades pollution in those countries demonstrates how and indicates that Indonesia has limited much efforts for rehabilitation of the Black Sea adaptive capacity to address these impacts. should be strengthened, regional and national This effort is in line with the coastal resilience coordination reinforced, and measures to and marine protected areas management address increasing pressure from eutrophication actions aimed at improving livelihoods through developed to avoid thorough destruction of mangrove restoration in key locations. More this semi-enclosed sea. The country diagnostic broadly, PROBLUE supported development reports and the regional pollution diagnostic of a blue finance advisory committee to will provide a holistic analysis of the cross- HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 37 BOX 5. Banking on Protected Areas Brazil and Fiji are two of the world’s most sought-after destinations for coastal tourism. Tourists are drawn to these countries’ pristine protected areas with coral reefs, clear waters, and rich biodiversity that help spur economic activity that supports local businesses and helps communities thrive. Nevertheless, these protected areas are often under threat; more than two-thirds of the world’s oceans suffer from human impact, as habitat loss and degradation, pollution, exploitation, climate change, and invasive species drive catastrophic biodiversity losses. With PROBLUE’s support and in partnership with the governments of Brazil and Fiji, the World Bank is helping these countries and other stakeholders uncover the direct and indirect benefits of protected area tourism to strengthen the economic case for promoting sustainable, inclusive tourism in protected areas, help countries recover from the economic fallout of the pandemic, address longstanding development challenges, and conserve biodiversity. Synthesized in the global report, Banking on Protected Areas: Promoting Sustainable Protected Area Tourism to Benefit Local Economies, an innovative economic modeling approach is used to measure simulated, direct, and spillover impacts of tourism on communities. This research finds that tourism in marine protected areas benefits communities by generating income multipliers of 1.74 in Brazil and 1.83 in Fiji, delivering broad benefits that help the poor, creating job opportunities for thousands on Brazil’s Whale Coast and Fiji’s Mamanuca Islands, and yielding high economic returns on public investment. Although these benefits are significant, costs to communities of protected areas must be managed. The findings from these efforts are designed to support governments as they face the challenge of economic recovery from the pandemic. Policy recommendations for decision makers are built around three pillars and include: • Protect the Asset: formalize protected areas, increase public investment in protected area management, build capacity of protected area managers, and monitor visitors and impacts. • Grow and Diversify the Business: diversify tourism offerings and develop concessions policies to promote private sector participation. • Share the Benefits: formalize benefit sharing, strengthen income multipliers, and mitigate and compensate for lost income for local communities. A global report launched on June 14, 2021, has been well received. This work to foster positive economic and environmental outcomes around marine protected areas continues, shaping the way the World Bank supports country efforts to promote protected area tourism to benefit local communities. Fiji Islands / © Shutterstock / Ignacio Moya Coronado 38 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T cutting regional socioeconomic, environmental, policy gaps, potential organizational reforms, policy, legal, and institutional aspects of Black and capacity and infrastructure needs to be Sea marine pollution, filling important gaps addressed in the region. For example, the not only in knowledge and policy, but also assessments have identified key vulnerable and in investment and innovation, by identifying exposed fisheries landing facilities that may potential economic and innovation opportunities need upgrading and protection. and related financing instruments. During FY21, PROBLUE expanded its engagement in PROBLUE is supporting a regional initiative the region to support Albania in its efforts to on solid waste management and marine explore market-based instruments, such as environment protection, which aims to develop extended producer responsibility and deposit strategic solid waste management in four refund schemes, while also boosting jobs and countries in the Caribbean (Dominica, Grenada, consolidating lessons learned to help lower- St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines) and income countries in their efforts to cost- identify potential regional solutions to address effectively collect plastic value chain data and land-based sources of pollution for specific establish monitoring systems. waste streams, in particular plastic waste. Similarly, in Central America, PROBLUE supports activities aimed at improving solid waste LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN management in El Salvador and Honduras and a pollution diagnostic in the Gulf of Fonseca Latin America and the Caribbean comprises (which borders El Salvador, Honduras, and mostly high and upper-middle income Nicaragua) to help advance the dialogue on countries, but an important subset of the regional monitoring and pollution management countries in the region are small; particularly systems. In FY21, PROBLUE also approved vulnerable to climate change; and constrained funds to help increase coastal resilience in Cap by a limited resource base, weak governance, Haitien, on the north coast of Haiti, including or both. Addressing the development priorities addressing solid waste management problems, of these smaller, more vulnerable countries has and in Jamaica, where urban interventions will been PROBLUE’s focus. range from waste removal devices in waterways to upstream interventions in behavior change, In the Caribbean, the multi-pillar activities opportunities to increase recycling, and establishing the analytical foundation required identification of opportunities for substitutions to address key challenges across ocean sectors for or alternatives to single-use plastic products. in select countries of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States—including Antigua Uptake of BEDF efforts in Latin America and and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia, the Caribbean has been significant. In FY21, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines—to inform PROBLUE approved funds for Costa Rica, the Bank’s Unleashing the Blue Economy in the Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Jamaica, and Eastern Caribbean project and future initiatives, Peru. These BEDF efforts address data, analysis, are progressing. Following inception activities and dissemination to enable decision making for to foster collaboration with and between the optimal blue economy development. In Jamaica, Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States and Central America, the BEDF helps countries Commission and member states, sectoral develop MSP processes. Capacity-building assessments have informed the Unleashing efforts are at the heart of these BEDF efforts to the Blue Economy in the Eastern Caribbean create awareness of the blue economy, promote project appraisal document, helping identify the use of nature-based solutions to boost HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 39 coastal resilience, and conduct training on blue is supporting development of a study on the natural capital accounting. plastic value chain to understand the quality of the material sorted and to develop a plastic BEDF support in Jamaica and Central America recycling and reusing strategy; activities are will also include implementation of a blue public still at the planning stage, in coordination with expenditure review, with the aim of identifying the Gaza Solid Waste Management Project. the financial gaps and challenges when blue The team is coordinating closely with the rapid economy projects are implemented. These BEDF damage and needs-assessment interventions initiatives are identifying opportunities for the planned for Gaza, including to help identify use of innovative financing instruments (e.g., job-creating activities for the conflict-affected blue bonds, debt-for-environment swaps) that people in Gaza and the West Bank. can accelerate implementation of blue economy investments, with a deep look into key financing PROBLUE support of efforts to reduce strategies tailored to specific sectors such as marine pollution in the region has progressed tourism and fisheries. The BEDF effort includes significantly in FY21, including in Morocco and implementation of a pilot payments for marine Tunisia, where a successful co-constructive ecosystem services scheme In Central America process to develop national strategies to address and the preliminary design of a pilot program marine plastic pollution helped advance the related to identified areas and blue economy dialogue on future investments and policy sectors in Jamaica. reforms. In Morocco, this work helped formulate a Program-for-Results Financing operation that includes implementation of the Littoral MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA Sans Plastique (Plastic-Free Coasts) strategy developed with PROBLUE support. In Tunisia, PROBLUE engagement in the Middle East PROBLUE helped create a core constituency and North Africa has been limited, given the among critical stakeholders on marine plastic demonstration value needed for operations pollution and started developing its national in upper-middle-income countries. PROBLUE Littoral Sans Plastique strategy. Both Littoral efforts have emphasized regional approaches Sans Plastique strategies include action by the and focused on countries affected by fragility, private sector as a result of active engagement conflict, and violence (FCV). in the process and specific studies to identify opportunities to establish a mechanism for Despite multiple challenges in Gaza and the private sector involvement in waste collection. In West Bank, follow-up activities to the previously Egypt, PROBLUE is helping design community- PROFISH-supported initiative have progressed, based pilots in identified hotspots, engaging and the counterparts have confirmed their with the tourism sector and the private sector continued interest. On the sustainable through a partnership with IFC. The results of development of fisheries and aquaculture, this work will inform the recently approved the team has initiated a study that is looking, investment project financing on air quality among other things, to identify best practices and pollution management that has a strong on climate-resilient aquaculture (including component on solid waste management. In mariculture) and existing data gaps, paving the Lebanon, which has been affected by FCV, we way for more detailed value-chain analyses. are supporting identification of marine pollution Preliminary results indicate that mariculture has sources and hotspots in the Litani Basin area to continued high potential for future growth in inform preparation of an action plan to address the Gaza strip. On plastic pollution, PROBLUE 40 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T marine pollution that has implications for climate in dialogue with the government and private change, poverty, and livelihoods. sector, that will be used to identify investment opportunities and mobilize finance for waste management through a $250 million SOUTH ASIA International Development Association Project. PROBLUE also supported a “plastic circularity” FY21 was a key year for South Asia, with innovation challenge whose winners have approval of a series of promising multisectoral received funds from varied sources to develop proposals, some of which should start their ideas. In response to the COVID-19 crisis, generating results in FY22. There is a focus during FY21, additional support was provided on pollution in large coastal cities, with strong to Bangladesh to increase understanding uptake on marine plastics, tourism, and of investment and regulatory priorities for desalination in SIDS. Fisheries are also an area management of medical waste in Dhaka of special concern and interest, and a growing (Box 6, page 42). In Maldives, work has started loan portfolio is likely to drive further PROBLUE at the intersection of gender, jobs, and the support and investment in the sector. circular economy by engaging with women’s development committees to test and explore Uptake of the marine plastic and litter agenda business models for alternatives to single- took off last year in South Asia, and the use plastics and to increase community and region is at a turning point for prevention of kitchen composting to promote waste source marine litter and plastics. Countries have been segregation. Other circular economy activities expressing growing interest over the past 2 supported in the country include extended years, fueled by national commitments and producer responsibility pilots and behavior demands, and interest has also been growing at change, complementing three existing lending the regional level in support of national action operations. plans that have been developed in countries. As a demonstration of this dynamic environment, Also in Bangladesh, an initiative to enhance at the end of FY20, the Bank approved a transparency and accountability in the fisheries regional project on plastic-free rivers and sector was initiated with PROBLUE support, seas to support the South Asia Cooperative with the goal of reducing illegal domestic Environment Program and, in recent months, a industrial-fleet fishing, increasing safety at solid waste management project in Kerala State sea for artisanal fishers, and improving the in India, combining investments in infrastructure social and economic status of women for the and policy reforms informed by assessments benefit of livelihoods and adaptive capacity and policy analysis of waste and the circular of coastal fishing communities. The Fisheries economy that PROBLUE has supported. Transparency Initiative (FiTI) International Secretariat has been engaged and delivered Significant progress was achieved in ongoing an initial presentation to the Department engagements in the marine pollution agenda of Fisheries on proposed work on public during FY21 that have informed action plans disclosure of fisheries management information, and helped identify key interventions to build although because of COVID-19 lockdowns in an enabling environment for better solid Bangladesh, wider consultations to stimulate waste management and the circular economy. interest of all relevant stakeholders have been For example, in Bangladesh, PROBLUE limited. A stock-taking desk study assessment supported development of the Action Plan for analyzing publicly available resources is Sustainable Plastic Management, elaborated underway, and other activities, including HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 41 BOX 6. Responding to COVID-19: Bangladesh Environmental Sustainability and Transformation Project PROBLUE is supporting the Bangladesh Environmental Sustainability and Transformation Project in its preparation phase to increase understanding of investment and regulatory priorities for management of medical waste in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Dhaka faces overall challenges in waste management because of limited investments in infrastructure and inability to provide affordable services. Medical waste management is even more problematic because it involves highly infectious and hazardous waste and demands a robust system to regulate its generation, separation, collection, transportation, treatment, and final disposal. With 9 million people in its city limits and an additional 12 million in its metropolitan area, Dhaka has a nongovernmental organization–led system to manage a portion of its medical waste. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the insufficiency of the existing system by rapidly escalating generation of plastic waste. With the help of PROBLUE, the Bangladesh Environmental Sustainability and Transformation Project will implement a baseline assessment to help explain the current status of medical waste management in Dhaka, a gap analysis to determine improvements needed, and capacity building to allow all stakeholders to increase their understanding of gaps in medical waste management and proposed recommendations to address them. Bangladesh / © Shutterstock / Anik Hossain on industrial fisheries licensing models and the Blue Economy Development Roadmap and technology solutions and interagency (following a BEDF approach). Perhaps the most coordination for coastal fisheries monitoring notable achievement has been the just-in-time and surveillance, are being planned. blue carbon rapid assessment, highlighting the importance of Pakistan’s blue wealth and As has been the case in most countries during adaptation potential to help initiate translation the pandemic, PROBLUE-funded activities in of the nation’s broad development goals into Pakistan have been delayed, but despite the blue potential in economic values. The purpose challenges, progress is well underway across of the blue carbon rapid assessment is to help all four pillars with preparation of terms of the government enhance its commitments reference; recruitment of consultants; and in the revised NDCs through blue carbon preparation of inception reports for fish, value ecosystems and to prepare for the next round chains, pollution management, blue tourism, of revisions to mitigating climate change. More 42 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T specifically, national and provincial reviews of Assessment Toolkit, elaborated to facilitate blue ecosystems’ climate-change mitigation Bank task teams’ and client countries’ and adaptation policies and regulation systematic stock taking of the fisheries sector have concluded that blue carbon has great for better design, preparation, implementation, potential for the upcoming NDC revision. The and evaluation of fisheries operations. In blue carbon assessment has provided model addition, PROBLUE’s support for better language and policy recommendations to the fisheries governance and management through Ministry of Climate Change, and a roadmap greater transparency and accountability has for blue carbon action and finance will be continued through engagement with the considered. FiTI. The fisheries subsidies reform agenda is another topic on which PROBLUE has been Priorities for sustainably managing Sri in dialogue with a wide range of stakeholders Lanka’s marine fisheries, coastal aquaculture, to identify areas where client countries may and the ecosystems that support them is a benefit from dedicated technical assistance and cross-pillar (1 and 4) advisory services and capacity building to support implementation analytics initiative. COVID-19-related mobility of new rules on fishery subsidies; this includes restrictions and curfews have hampered the World Trade Organization and the Pew this effort, severely constraining field work. Charitable Foundation. Nevertheless, a comprehensive report has been produced analyzing the challenges and Plastic pollution prevention is a crowded space, opportunities that Sri Lanka faces for the with many initiatives led by UN institutions, sectors’ contributions to sustainably enhancing governments, and the private sector. During export revenues, employment, and food FY21, the World Bank strategically followed security. Based on the analysis, the report offers some of the dialogues and actively engaged a vision for the sectors and recommends a with relevant partners to discuss current program of priority public investments, policy trends and anticipate opportunities for cross- actions, and institutional development that collaboration and timely support to countries. would help Sri Lanka realize that vision. A We explored joining efforts with UNEP and key recommendation is on mobilizing finance IMO to map port reception facilities and assess for investment, for which public investments, their capacity, one of the key knowledge consistent with the country’s medium-term gaps in understanding the magnitude of macro fiscal strategy, would enhance the the abandoned, lost, or otherwise discarded productivity of small- and medium-sized fishing gear problem, while also bringing a enterprises and mobilize more private capital. circularity perspective to the solutions and pilot work. PROBLUE is actively engaged with PARTNERSHIPS the PREVENT Waste Alliance, an initiative of the German Federal Ministry for Economic PROBLUE has continued its close collaboration Cooperation and Development (BMZ); with development partners, UN agencies and PROBLUE work was presented during an event other intergovernmental bodies, academia, in 2020. The work that PROBLUE supported and nongovernmental organizations. One is also included in World Bank updates on prime example is the extensive cooperation marine litter to the G20 process on marine with the FAO on analytical work on fisheries litter prevention, an initiative led by Japan as a and aquaculture—including on WASH and follow-up to their presidency in 2019. Similarly, social protection measures and development dialogues were started with the Minderoo and implementation of the Fisheries Sector Foundation on opportunities for collaboration HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 43 Ghana / © Shutterstock / Nejah under the Sea the Future Program, for example, Partnerships are also critical for supporting by testing the trading platform, aimed at and coordinating efforts in countries and providing a new market solution that de-risks regions across all sectors of the blue economy. trading of recycled plastics for suppliers and With Asian countries championing solutions buyers, in countries that have the necessary to the marine plastics crisis, the World Bank foundations thanks to PROBLUE support. is engaged in countries and regionally (e.g., The World Bank is still actively involved in the ASEAN) in multilateral dialogues with UN Global Plastic Action Partnership, in particular institutions, initiatives from the private sector the country platforms, where World Bank (e.g., Circulate Capital) and coordinate efforts participation extends to country directors and with development aid from donor countries. technical teams, such as in Indonesia, where In Africa, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria, the Bank is co-chairing the policy task force Rwanda, and South Africa have joined efforts with the Indonesian government. In Ghana, to develop a circular economy alliance. The the Bank will host the National Plastic Action World Bank is also engaged with the African Partnership Secretariat, at the request of the Development Bank to support approaches government, and dialogues are ongoing in that would help African countries leapfrog to Nigeria to strengthen the World Bank’s role circular economies. Finally, seminal work on with PROBLUE support. decarbonization of shipping, initiated in FY21, will continue in FY22 in close collaboration with the IMO. 44 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T BOX 7. Responding to COVID-19: Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Interventions in Fish and Aquaculture COVID-19 can be spread among workers on fishing vessels and at landing sites, fish farms, processing plants, and markets. People working with fish can also contaminate the products if they are infected with COVID-19. WASH infrastructure and practices are essential to ensure worker safety and fish health, provide safe fish and fish products, reduce the spread of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases now and in the future, and in so doing, address the diverse risks facing women and men in fisheries and aquaculture. In an effort to bring together WASH interventions with fisheries and aquaculture, which are critical sectors for food security and nutrition and for providing jobs for men, women, and youth, PROBLUE is supporting the Water Global Practice to help inform ongoing engagements in fisheries and aquaculture and ongoing WASH interventions that may be broadened to include these sectors. Longer term, the idea behind this Environment, Natural Resources, and Blue Economy and Water GP collaborative effort, also benefitting from expertise from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, is to generate demand for future activities connecting those spaces and raise awareness of a broader audience. This PROBLUE-supported activity is a rapid desk review of the evidence of effectiveness of WASH interventions in fisheries and aquaculture; development of a guidance note on WASH interventions in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors; adaptation of a rapid WASH needs-assessment tool to assess water supply, sanitation, hygiene and hand washing, and waste-water management in the fisheries and aquaculture value chains; and production of a series of infographics and an animated video covering WASH in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors. In developing these products, a value chain approach is used, from producers (aquaculture hatcheries and farms, fishing vessels) to landing sites, auctions, processing facilities, storage facilities, and markets, while also accounting for the wider coastal-community context. Bank task teams will be provided with key tools and knowledge to support client countries in their efforts to respond to the ongoing health and economic crisis stemming from COVID-19. The needs-assessment tool, in particular, will make the Bank nimbler in responding to similar crises in the future. © Shutterstock / Ignacio Moya Coronado HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 45 46 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T India / © Shutterstock / Shikha a 5. RESULTS AND MONITORING The Partnership Council adopted PROBLUE’s monitoring and evaluation (M&E) plan, which is the basis for reporting on results, in January 2021. It outlines the structure and roadmap of how PROBLUE will monitor and report results achieved and how these are evaluated. Results are expected in fisheries and aquaculture, marine pollution management, shipping and transport, offshore energy, and coastal tourism. The program will also strengthen the enabling environment for the blue economy and contribute to cross-cutting efforts related to gender equality, climate change, and MFD. Assessment of progress through indicators focuses on the five sectors and the cross-cutting challenges and synergies between the sectors. Because the four pillars are highly integrated, results will not be measured separately. The M&E plan can be revised if agreed by the Partnership Council. PROBLUE follows a simple, robust M&E audience engagement in activity design and approach that informs the pipeline, guides delivery following a clearly articulated theory development of activities, and is used to of change. PROBLUE’s Project Activity Tracking document and track uptake and influence of System captures and aggregates outputs, reach, PROBLUE work. From project design to closure, and influence generated by activities. It also the M&E system helps ensure that PROBLUE’s evaluates performance for completed activities activities and programs are conceptualized to verify that objectives have been met. and delivered through the lens of integration and transformative change. All proposals, In the following tables, progress against progress reports, and completion reports indicators and their end-of-program targets will include articulation of uptake pathways and be presented using the traffic light system: STATUS On track Partially on track Not on track No data HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 47 Progress values and targets are cumulative; that WBG operation(s) informed by PROBLUE- is, progress is the sum of the preceding years’ supported activities in a given fiscal year, and progress. The leverage ratio is noncumulative. the total funding provided for the PROBLUE- Leverage ratio is the ratio between the supported activities in the same year. financing amounts of approved and pipeline OUTPUTS Delivery of outputs is on track (table 1). TABLE 1. Summary of Outputs Delivered End-of- Baseline Progress Progress Progress program Indicator Status FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 targets FY26 Capacity 1.1 Workshops, trainings, 0 0 38 147 150 building and consultations conducted (number) Tools 1.2 Tools developed 0 0 3 21 50 (number) Knowledge 1.3 Knowledge products 0 0 0 80 100 products prepared (number) Capacity building Tools One hundred forty-seven capacity-building Progress in development of tools is on track. activities have been undertaken since the start Twenty-one tools have been developed against of PROBLUE—close to the end-of-program an end-of-program target of 50. The tools will target of 150 initially set. Capacity building is help in applying the blue economy approach important to PROBLUE, especially in the initial globally, regionally, and nationally and in building years, to build and conceptualize the blue the enabling environment for the blue economy economy approach in participating countries. at the country level. Examples of global tools In addition to trainings, training workshops, developed are a database for maritime transport awareness-raising activities, and seminars, costs, a methodology for cost–benefit analysis capacity building included knowledge events, in aquaculture regarding biosecurity, and a rapid consultations, national workshops, webinars, WASH needs assessment. Examples of regional and brown bag lunches. Capacity-building and national tools are a toolkit on metrics on activities covered all thematic areas under plastic waste in East Asia and the Pacific, a PROBLUE. plastics life-cycle assessment framework for cities in India, a database of manufacturers in the circular economy in Sierra Leone, and a survey tool on plastic waste perception and behavior in the Maldives. 48 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T © Shutterstock / TebNad Knowledge products Eighty knowledge products have been y Analysis report on the origin and lifecycle developed since the start of PROBLUE. This of key priority plastics in Sierra Leone is close to the end-of-program target of 100. These include a range of country-level y Plastic value chain analysis with stakeholder knowledge products, including: analysis in Myanmar y Building strategies with innovative measures y National Plastic Action Partnership zero for plastic-free seas and oceans in China draft for Myanmar y Assessing pollution and plastic transmission Examples of regional and global knowledge in the Yangtze River products are the: y Qualitative and quantitative analysis of y Baseline report on pollution in the Black Sea contributing sources; waste generation and leakage mechanisms and potential policy y Pacific Country Management Unit marine measures and mitigating measures in China plastics action plan y Vietnam market study on plastics circularity y Global shipping traffic density dataset y National assessment on plastic waste y Global sustainable and resilient tourism on management in India small islands and in coastal destinations qualitative market research findings y Addressing mismanaged plastics in Kerala, India y Factsheet on gender, marginalized people, and MSP y Vulnerability assessment reports and mangrove status reports for Ghana and y Global guidance note on evidence-based Guinea WASH interventions in fisheries and aquaculture value chains y Report on the status of the blue economies of Galapagos, Ecuador, and Peru HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 49 PROPOSALS TABLE 2. Summary of Proposals Approved in Fiscal Year (FY) 2021 End-of- Baseline Progress Progress Progress Proposals targets Status FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 FY26 Approved proposals 5 48 31 N/A N/A Ongoing proposals 5 48 67 N/A N/A Completed proposals 0 0 17 N/A N/A Gender 1.4 Approved PROBLUE- 0 47 30 28 120 supported proposals (96%) (100%) (90%) (80%) with gender analysis and gender focused approaches and strategies (number; %) Climate 1.5 Approved PROBLUE- 0 48 30 28 120 change supported proposals (98%) (80%) (90%) (80%) with climate change- specific data and analytics (number; %) Mobilizing 1.6 Approved PROBLUE- 0 38 15 17 75 finance for supported proposals (78%) (50%) (55%) (50%) development with MFD-specific data and analytics (number; %) Fragility, 1.7 Approved PROBLUE- 0 16 8 7 50 conflict, and supported proposals (33%) (33%) (23%) (33%) violence relevant to FCV context (number; %) Note: Percentages do not add to 100 percent because one activity can inform multiple cross-cutting themes. Delivery of proposals is largely on track (table be larger in financing amounts. As regards 2). The number of processed and approved mobilizing finance for development, climate PROBLUE-supported activities has remained change, and gender, approved proposals at a substantial level although it decreased incorporate these as stipulated but a lower from FY20 to FY21. FY20 was an active year, number than stipulated incorporate fragility, whereas FY21 reflects that fewer activities will conflict and violence. be approved in coming years but probably 50 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T LEVERAGE Beneficiaries and leverage ratio TABLE 3. Leveraging of World Bank operations – beneficiaries and leverage ratio End-of- Baseline Progress Progress Progress program Indicator Status FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 targets FY26 Beneficiaries 2.1 Beneficiaries 0 0 6,434,811 27,430,027a 20,000,000 (number), of which (50%) (50%) (50%) female (%) Leverage - 2.2 WBG operations 0 0 50 26 105 financing informed (number) 2.3 WBG resources 0 0 3.6 3.8 9.0 leveraged ($ billion) 2.4 Leverage ratio: 164 314 80 WBG operations informed ($) / PROBLUE funding (number) a The large increase compared to the previous year is due to some large solid waste management projects that have a large number of beneficiaries. Note: The leverage financing data is not limited to the leverage from approved proposals within a specific fiscal year (FY). The data are aggregated to reflect leverage from approved proposals within a specific FY and new leverage from approved proposals in the prior FY during the reporting period. Leveraging of WBG operations and billion (table 1). This includes support across all beneficiaries is on track (table 3). Leveraging PROBLUE pillars and five regions (figure 2): refers to the added value of PROBLUE to WBG operations (that outputs from PROBLUE- y East Asia and Pacific: supporting eight supported activities inform the design of WBG lending operations of $1.4 billion in China, operations) and is measured as the number and Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic financing amount of active or pipeline2 projects Republic, and Vietnam. the design and implementation of which PROBLUE activities influenced. The number of y South Asia: supporting four lending beneficiaries in these projects is measured too. operations of more than $1 billion in As of June 30, 2021, PROBLUE had leveraged Bangladesh and Nepal. 76 active and pipeline lending operations of more than $7.4 billion. In FY21, $12 million y Africa: supporting seven lending operations of the total approved PROBLUE proposals, of $737 million in Cabo Verde, Ghana, including proposals approved in FY21, and Mozambique, Senegal, and Sierra Leone. proposals approved in the prior years which leveraged additional operations in FY21, directly y Middle East and North Africa: supporting supported the design and implementation of 26 two lending operations of $350 million in active and pipeline lending operations of $3.8 Egypt and Morocco. 2 Financing amounts for pipeline investments may change upon approval. HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 51 y Latin America and the Caribbean: analytical and technical work is informing and supporting four lending operations of $221 adding value to increasing number of operations. million in Costa Rica, Jamaica, and the Gulf In Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, and of Fonseca. Latin America and the Caribbean, the leverage portfolio has almost doubled from FY20, In FY21, East Asia and the Pacific and South with PROBLUE-funded activities laying the Asia included two-thirds of the FY21 leverage groundwork in building pipeline operations. portfolio (Figure 2a), where PROBLUE-funded FIGURE 2. PROBLUE Leverage According to Region a) FY21 Leverage b) Total Leverage as of FY21 LAC, $221 ECA, $80 LAC, $340 ECA, $80 6% 2% 4% 1% MENA, $563 MENA, $350 8% 9% EAP, $1,391 EAP, $2,861 37% 39% AFR, $1,219 AFR, $737 16% 19% SAR, $1,014 SAR, $2,344 27% 32% Note: Financing amounts for pipeline investments may change upon approval. Leverage of Design use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture, Table 4 summarizes the leveraging of the the collaboration with the Agriculture GP design of WBG operations and thus shows must be strengthened to link up to agricultural what has been informed through knowledge, projects that will operate near coastal areas. Of analytics, and technical assistance. Progress concern is that some of the gender indicators is largely on track for most indicators. For are only partially on track. This requires further offshore energy and desalination, progress attention in the design of projects though is partially on track. This mirrors the WBG PROBLUE support and adequate reporting of portfolio and the small number of projects in the influence on the design. these sectors. For the indicator on reduction in 52 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T TABLE 4. Leveraging of World Bank Operations—Design End-of- Baseline Progress Progress Progress program Indicator Status FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 targets FY26 Greenhouse WBG operations that 2.5  0 0 6 10 50 gas emissions will reduce net GHG emissions (number) Ghost gear WBG operations that 2.6  0 0 0 2 20 will reduce ghost gear (number) Economic 2.7 WBG operations 0 0 11 11 40 opportunities that will increase -gender men’s and women’s equal economic opportunities in traditional and/or new economic sectors (number) Awareness- WBG operations that 2.8  0 0 0 8 40 gender will increase men’s and women’s equal awareness of gender issues, economic opportunities and related risks (number) Participation- 2.9 WBG operations 0 0 3 5 80 gender that will increase men’s and women’s equal participation in planning and decision- making on the blue economy (number) Gender based 2.10 WBG operations 0 0 6 0 80 violence which will increase the number of gender- based violence prevention and response practices in relation to the blue economy (number) Seascape 2.11 WBG operations 0 0 1 2 40 planning- that will increase the gender number of women’s rights organizations consulted and involved in seascape planning (number) Coastal WBG operations that 2.12  0 0 0 3 20 resilience will decrease the number of households in coastal areas vulnerable to erosion and flooding (number) HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 53 End-of- Baseline Progress Progress Progress program Indicator Status FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 targets FY26 Fisheries 2.13 WBG operations 0 0 9 8 25 management that will increase the number of fisheries under sustainable management (number) Fisheries value 2.14 WBG operations 0 0 9 4 25 addition that will increase the value from improved handling from fisheries under improved management (number) Aquaculture 2.15 WBG operations 0 0 4 4 12 production that will increase the sustainable production in aquaculture (number) Fisheries 2.16 WBG operations 0 0 0 1 10 transparency that will increase the number of countries with public disclosure of all important fisheries-related information (number) Leakage of WBG operations that 2.17  0 0 5 8 30 plastics will reduce leakage of plastics to the environment (number) Circular 2.18 WBG operations 0 0 1 5 25 Economy that will increase the number of plastic product value chains with application of Circular Economy approaches (number) Solid waste 2.19 WBG operations 0 0 1 4 15 management that will increase the number of households connected to solid waste management services (number) Pesticide 2.20 WBG operations 0 0 1 1 15 and fertilizer that will increase the reduction agricultural area under improved practices to reduce leakage of pesticides and/or fertilizers (number) Marine 2.21 WBG operations 0 0 2 5 10 pollution that will increase the hotspots number of coastal and marine pollution hotspots managed for reduced environmental impacts (number) 54 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T End-of- Baseline Progress Progress Progress program Indicator Status FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 targets FY26 Offshore 2.22 WBG operations 0 0 0 0 15 energy that will increase the electricity generation from environmentally sound offshore sources (number) Desalination 2.23 WBG operations 0 0 0 0 5 that will improve desalination practices to become environmentally friendly (number) Coastal 2.24 WBG operations 0 0 2 5 15 tourism that will increase the hotspots number of coastal tourism hotspots under improved environmental destination management (number) PROBLUE support of $300,000 has leveraged access to finance and skills enhancement the Sustainable Inclusive and Resilient programs of relevance to the Oceans for Tourism Project (P171556) in the Philippines Prosperity Program were discussed. Finally, through technical assistance on solid waste blue finance and policy advice to public management and waste minimization. The agencies and coordination of intersectoral and technical assistance has markedly increased interagency efforts to promote and move the knowledge of the plastic types that leak into blue finance agenda forward were initiated. the environment on the islands under the Results are contributing to the design of the project and offers recommendations for waste Oceans for Prosperity Program and government prevention using alternatives. and Bank understanding of key topics. A good example of how a WBG project can be Coastal modeling studies supported by leveraged in several ways is the first phase of PROBLUE ($6 million) under the Saint-Louis the Oceans for Prosperity Program in Indonesia Emergency and Resilience Project (P166538/ (P173391), with a PROBLUE-supported activity P170954) in Senegal have allowed for detailed of $725,000. Fisheries systems conservation characterization of the hydrodynamic and and management measures were assessed, and morphological dynamics of the delta area proposals for managed access and monitoring, and the Saint-Louis coastal waterfront. It has control, and surveillance of fishing activities and provided for identification, selection, and along the value chain were delivered. Ways in definition of sustainable long-term coastal which climate change affects fish populations protection solutions and nature-based solutions and fisheries were discussed in high-level fora, strategies. The no-regret solutions developed and adaptation and policy measures were have also attracted attention from various proposed. Livelihoods were analyzed in the donors (namely the French Development context of mangrove restoration, and existing Agency and Dutch Development Cooperation) HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 55 who have expressed interest in funding policies, as well as various documents linked to implementation of identified solutions. these, for example, strategies, budget guidelines, action plans, legal documents. Progress is largely Leverage of policy reforms, MFD, and regional on track but starting to fall behind in certain cooperation areas: offshore energy, desalination, tourism. This Table 5 captures leveraging of policy reforms, is probably a question of timing and that these MFD, and regional cooperation. Policy changes reforms will need some time to materialize. MFD include revisions to existing policies and and regional cooperation show some progress, formulation of new blue economy–relevant although still at a low level. TABLE 5. Leveraging Design of National Policy Reforms, Mobilizing Finance for Development and Regional Cooperation End-of- Baseline Progress Progress Progress program Indicator Status FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 targets FY26 Policy 2.25 National policy 0 0 0 3 20 reforms reforms in fisheries & aquaculture informed (number) 2.26 National policy 0 0 0 6 25 reforms in marine pollution management informed (number) 2.27 National policy 0 0 0 0 10 reform in offshore energy with due environmental and social considerations informed (number) 2.28 National policy 0 0 0 0 5 reform in shipping & transport (including desalination) informed (number) National policy reform 2.29  0 0 0 0 20 in coastal tourism informed (number) Mobilizing Investment cases in 2.30  0 0 0 1 10 finance for PROBLUE relevant development sectors presented to potential investors (number) Regional 2.31 Countries with 0 0 0 1 25 Cooperation strengthened engagement in the blue economy at regional level (number) 56 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T Examples of leveraging of policy reforms percent), South Asia (9 percent), the Middle include the new plastic law in Senegal, the East and North Africa (7 percent), and Europe Vietnam Fisheries Development Strategy, and Central Asia (2 percent). Europe and Vietnam National Action Plan on Marine Central Asia had one grant focused on climate Debris, Organisation of Eastern Caribbean change (reducing pollution in the Black Sea) . States Regional Fisheries Action Plan, Maldives National Waste Management Strategy, and In addition to the examples outlined in chapter Myanmar National Plastic Action Partnership. 2, PROBLUE is responding to climate change in a global report on how to improve the Emerging regional cooperation is manifested in use of nature-based solutions for ecosystem pollution prevention in the Black Sea. PROBLUE restoration, with a focus on climate co-benefits, has supported national capacity building, including mitigation and adaptation. This stakeholder involvement, and coordination report was used in the preparation of the WBG and regional dialogue and cooperation Climate Change Action Plan (2021-2025) that by encouraging substantive stakeholder was finalized in June 2021. Another PROBLUE- engagement at the six consultation events in supported initiative in Latin America and the the Black Sea countries, where the objectives Caribbean has increased the resilience of and scope of the advisory services and analytics fisherfolk to disasters such as tropical cyclones received strong stakeholder endorsement. and bad weather by launching a parametric insurance scheme (Caribbean Oceans and Aquaculture Sustainability Facility). A tool CROSS-CUTTING THEMES was also developed with the FAO to assess the impacts of climate change on fish stocks Climate Change and improve fisheries sector governance to Of grants currently under implementation, increase resilience to changes. Finally, in Africa, 70 percent reported progress toward climate a sustainable ports partnership (West Africa change mitigation and adaptation across Coastal Areas Management Project) is helping a range of focal areas. Of these, more than increase the energy efficiency of ports and 44 percent contributed through initiatives coastal resilience. focused on plastics reduction and improved waste management; 21 percent contributed to Gender adaptation focused on fisheries, aquaculture Integration of gender analysis to achieve and livelihoods; 14 percent contributed to gender-responsive and -transformative increased coastal resilience, tourism, and policies, initiatives, and programs has been a nature-based solutions; 7 percent contributed cornerstone in selection and implementation to maritime transport, ports, and fisheries of PROBLUE-supported activities. PROBLUE landings; and 2 percent contributed to energy seeks to increase equity between women (offshore wind). Other areas included tools, and men through support to—among other baseline data, capacity building, policy, MSP, things—training and capacity building, and marine protected areas. Some grants gender data collection and analysis, equal contributed to multiple areas. participation of women and men in stakeholder consultations, awareness raising, and creating East Asia and the Pacific has the most grants economic opportunities. The focus has been addressing climate change (27 percent), on identification of opportunities to narrow followed by global (24 percent), Latin America gender gaps (between men and women (and and the Caribbean (15 percent), Africa (16 girls and boys) or between groups of women HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 57 Mozambique / © Shutterstock / Aostojska or men (e.g., between poor and nonpoor of the National Plastic Action Partnership women). Examples include an analysis of in Myanmar. More attention must be paid to gender-related impacts of plastic pollution integrating concerns over the egality and equal and opportunities from plastic recycling, a opportunities between men and women and regional study of guidelines for promoting adequate mechanisms into the WBG portfolio. gender equality in regional marine plastic management was conducted in six ASEAN Mobilizing Finance for Development countries. To better understand the nature- MFD is the WBG’s approach to systematically based livelihood of women in coastal areas of leveraging all sources of finance, expertise, West Africa, a study of how women benefit and solutions to support developing countries’ from mangroves and what role they play in sustainable growth. There are some examples conservation of mangroves is in process. In of successful support to MFD, but it is probably Cambodia, socioeconomic surveys are being too early to fully quantify MFD’s contribution. administered in preparation for a preliminary In East Asia and the Pacific and as a result environmental and social impact assessment of market studies, dialogue between IFC and for Siem Reap and informing specific actions to the private sector on plastic recycling and increase gender equality. Gender has received alternatives has helped unlock the potential particular attention in the design of the study for private sector investments. IFC arranged a of ecosystem resilience and sustainable tourism landmark $300 million financing package to in Fiji and has been included in the fisheries help a company increase its plastic recycling analytics, especially the study of coastal capacity in Brazil, India, Indonesia, the fisheries. The gender perspective in ecosystem- Philippines, and Thailand. This first-ever blue based adaptation in Haiti to ensure adequate loan to a global plastic resin manufacturer will sensitivity in solutions. Gender equality was lead to the recycling of 50 billion polyethylene taken into account when preparing the draft terephthalate bottles globally per year by 58 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T 2025. Other similar investments are being enhance resilience to climate, pandemic explored in China, Indonesia, the Philippines, crises, and emergencies; and decarbonize the and Vietnam. A tourism project in Sierra Leone maritime sector. Strategies to address FCV and will enable design and implementation of a mitigate risks will be incorporated into all these World Bank operation (P164212) by improving activities, with a focus on capacity building. the quality of target destination areas, reducing risks for private investors, and creating new Lebanon entrepreneurial activities linked to circular economy manufacturing. In aquaculture, an Lebanon is a country facing FCV that has investment needs assessment has provided experienced social unrest exacerbated by policy and investment recommendations, which environmental problems. Poor air quality and will help create an enabling environment for solid waste management have affected not MFD in the public and private sector, including only the quality of life and health of Lebanon’s large improvements in national infrastructure. population, but also the attractiveness and competitiveness of its tourism sector. Under Fragility, Conflict, and Violence pillar 2, the Enabling a National Action Plan PROBLUE seeks to explore opportunities to for the Prevention and Reduction of Marine incorporate specific challenges emerging in Litter Project aims to analyze the sources contexts of FCV. Because fragile countries and pathways of marine litter and link the often struggle with governance, policy, and analysis to the broader scope of solid waste regulation of environmental matters, PROBLUE management in Lebanon. The project will works to integrate strategies to address these facilitate development of a marine litter action weaknesses and improve understanding of plan to provide a path for mitigating and critical barriers that prevent development preventing marine litter with implications for of sustainable, healthy marine and coastal climate change, poverty, and livelihoods. resources. As of FY21, PROBLUE had 14 projects in countries facing FCV. Several of Africa these projects are highlighted below. Under pillar 3, the West and Central Africa Pacific Island Countries Sustainable Ports Partnership Project aims to establish and operationalize a partnership The multi-pillar project East Asia and the of port authorities and operators to reduce Pacific—Pacific Ocean Advisory Program has environmental and social damage from port been established in six of the 12 Pacific Island infrastructure and operations in targeted countries on the World Bank list of countries communities and areas in coastal West facing FCV: Federated States of Micronesia, and Central Africa. Three of the 19 member Kiribati, Papua New Guinea, Republic of countries of the Ports Management Association Marshall Islands, Solomon Islands, and Tuvalu. of West and Central Africa categorized with The project’s development objective is to better medium-intensity conflict and four with high understand regional maritime connectivity in institutional and social fragility. The partnership the Pacific and identify infrastructure gaps to will reinforce international (fostering dialogue, guide second-generation maritime operations. knowledge exchange, capacity building) Project activities are designed to improve and national (through active stakeholder logistics and reduce transport costs in support identification and engagement and inclusion of of fisheries, import-export supply chains, and vulnerable groups) understanding. tourism industries; improve maritime safety; HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 59 Mozambique faces FCV. The goal of the multi- y Further decision-support tools that could pillar MozAzul is to strengthen the knowledge be of value include economic valuation base on sustainable blue economy development frameworks and assessment of economic in Mozambique. The project has influenced and environmental trade-offs in restoration. the design of fisheries and blue economy components of two operations approved in y Private finance could be mobilized through June 2021 – the Sustainable Rural Economy green financing approaches and a favorable Program (P174002; $150 million) and the policy environment. Northern Mozambique Rural Resilience Project (P174635; $150 million). It has also increased the capacity of Mozambique’s BEDF, including Lao People’s Democratic Republic’s National through development of its action plan. Green Growth Strategy (NGGS) sets a target to reduce waste generation from 237 kg per Private Sector person per year in 2015 to 210 kg in 2025 and Private sector engagement is crucial to expand 180 kg in 2030. It also aims to increase the climate action with the necessary depth amount of waste that is reused or disposed of across the economy. Opportunities for private through proper methods from 50 percent in sector engagement include plastic and waste 2015 to 65 percent in 2025 and 80 percent in management, major infrastructure, and private 2030. The assessment of waste management sector diversification into new and established priorities, investment opportunities and industries, including fisheries, aquaculture, and requirements, and Support development tourism. of GOL’s National Plastics Management Roadmap and Action Plan (NPAP) completed The private sector is key to expanding in May 2021 provided insights into plastic investments in nature-based solutions, but a waste opportunities for the circular economy, number of challenges remain, as highlighted in green jobs, and private sector development. a global PROBLUE-funded internal analysis: Transitioning to a circular economy will bring together the public and private sectors, which y Although the benefits of restoration can far will provide an environment in which the private exceed the costs, lack of a compensation sector can invest and innovate. mechanism for ecosystem services is an obstacle to investment. Restoration involves A fisheries infrastructure assessment tool tradeoffs that must be carefully assessed, was developed with special attention paid to and prioritization of restoration projects private user perspectives so that the choice, requires high-resolution, context-specific design, and management of fisheries-related data. infrastructure would be well aligned with private sector incentives, ensuring financial y There is aversion to risk and resistance viability of infrastructure investments. to change to unfamiliar nature-based solutions. The global decarbonizing maritime transport activity has leveraged private sector Key opportunities to address these market engagement to maximize the impact of failures include adopting natural capital research and findings. Most importantly, the accounting and ecosystem accounting and activity has strengthened its partnership creating markets for and valuing ecosystem and collaboration with the Getting to Zero services. Other opportunities include: Coalition, a progressive organization of 60 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T Caribbean Sea / © Shutterstock / Damsea shipping stakeholders dedicated to reducing The Caribbean Regional Blue Port Connectivity and eliminating shipping’s GHG emissions. The Prefeasibility Study (Phase 2) has identified activity enlisted the support of the private areas for potential private sector engagement sector to review technical reports, webinars and and highlighted areas where private partners, presentations were held with the private sector such as cruise terminal operators, could to further disseminate the activity’s outcomes, improve, such as energy consumption and and an internal scoping paper was written that efficiency. outlines business opportunities for the private sector within shipping’s low-carbon energy Capacity Building transition and in close collaboration with IFC on Capacity building is at the heart of all energy efficiency in shipping. PROBLUE projects. Through stakeholder and private sector engagement, awareness raising, A PROBLUE-supported advisory services community sensitization, and other capacity- and analytics project in Kiribati, “Supporting building activities, PROBLUE projects have Diversification and Growth of Kiritimati’s Blue strengthened country and regional advocacy Economy,” is supporting diversification of, and and coordination to integrate actions that investment planning for, the blue economy catalyze the potential of the blue economy. through sectoral and cost-benefit analysis. Several PROBLUE projects have engaged This includes solar salt production and pet fish in development of national action plans studies that focus on the role and potential and strategies to inform on investment and for private sector engagement and investment policy projects related to supporting healthy, in both subsectors as a fundamental part of productive oceans, such as developing the the government’s strategy to catalyze further National Plastics Management Roadmap investment in these areas of the blue economy. and Action Plan in Lao People’s Democratic HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 61 Republic and developing a strategy and action strengthening and outreach, a stakeholder plan to reduce land-based and marine pollution engagement strategy was developed among in Bangladesh. Several capacity-building the first outputs of the advisory services examples are provided below. and analytics. Eighty to 100 participants attended the country consultations in the first Global: Decarbonizing Maritime Transport months of the advisory services and analytics, demonstrating a high level of endorsement Under pillar 3, the goal of this activity is to and buy-in on the side of the countries on facilitate decarbonization of maritime transport the objectives and scope of the Blueing the primarily by seeking to close knowledge gaps Black Sea advisory services and analytics to enable and accelerate effective climate (Turning the Tide of Pollution). Work on this policy making and to mobilize shipping study also builds on the excellent relationships stakeholders developing joint solutions established within the common maritime with a wide range of sector ownership. The agenda context and on implementation of a activity made a significant contribution to national portfolio in each country and with the capacity building in developing countries. Black Sea Commission and Black Sea Economic A series of workshops about the challenges Cooperation. and opportunities of zero-carbon shipping in developing countries was delivered to SIDS ASEAN and least-developed countries in May and June 2020 in collaboration with the Embassy of Under PROBLUE pillar 2, the goal of the Mexico to the United Kingdom. This enabled the Regional Support on Marine Plastics Litter IMO member states to make informed policy for ASEAN Project is to strengthen regional decisions and to better understand impact advocacy to support an ASEAN framework for assessments of GHG reduction policies. This coordinated actions; deepen knowledge on project also increased awareness of SIDS and marine plastic debris sources, transport, and least-developed countries of the challenges and impacts; and support development of national opportunities of low- or zero-emission shipping action plans to inform plastics-related policies and strengthened their coordination to speak and investment solutions in select ASEAN with a stronger voice at the IMO. countries (Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand). With these objectives, the project developed a toolkit Europe and Central Asia: Pollution Prevention to assess plastic pollution methodologies in the Black Sea and identify plastics solutions for small and remote islands and associated training Under pillar 2, this project involves preparation with small island stakeholders (including of national and regional diagnostic reports on local government and nongovernmental pollution and common resource management organizations), methodologies on material in the Black Sea. Activities will involve flow analysis of plastics with associated engaging government counterparts and training workshops in Thailand, an extended building ownership to support the activity, producer responsibility webinar series as interacting with and seeking input from various part of Malaysia’s hosting of the 2020 Asia- nongovernment stakeholders on relevant Pacific Economic Cooperation meetings, topics, partnering with development partners a regional workshop on plastics metrics to collaborate on common areas of interest, and methodologies co-organized with UNEP, strengthening the regional dialogue on efficient and regional stakeholder meetings as part of data collection. In support of institutional ASEAN Regional Action Plan preparation. All 62 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T Sri Lanka / © Shutterstock / filmlandscape products were prepared in close collaboration The ASEAN Regional Action Plan on Combating with counterparts and ultimate users and Marine Debris includes actions on capacity beneficiaries, including consultation workshops building such as strengthening the ASEAN with a wide range of stakeholders from the regional knowledge network on marine plastics private sector, nongovernmental organizations, and regional training programs on plastics governments, and development partners. and waste. HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 63 64 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T Thailand / © Shutterstock /jJeep2499  OMMUNICATIONS AND 6. C KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT Harnessing the infrastructure built in FY20, FY21 marked an inflection point for PROBLUE communications and knowledge management as the focus shifted to supporting dozens of PROBLUE-supported activities that had come to fruition. In addition to regular delivery of the communications program, PROBLUE delivered a World Oceans Day campaign, 12 videos, nine reports, a new webpage, and more. WEBPAGES Street Journal highlighted the decarbonization of shipping reports, and Reuters covered the In FY21, PROBLUE expanded its external Banking on Protected Areas report. PROBLUE webpage to highlight examples of ocean was also directly mentioned in a Straits Times development work around the world. Engaging opinion piece from WBG President David key audiences PROBLUE’s digital web traffic Malpass on marine plastic pollution. grew by 47 percent over FY20. Unique visitors were also up 49 percent, demonstrating that PROBLUE is reaching new audiences. As the fiscal year ended, PROBLUE supported development of the World Bank marine plastic pollution webpage to provide audiences with a full view of the WBG’s approach. Messaging that PROBLUE developed earlier was used to create the page, which links to the PROBLUE webpage and several PROBLUE assets. PUBLICATIONS AND MEDIA In addition to launching its second annual report, PROBLUE supported nine publications. As a result, there were more than 10 media hits with mentions of PROBLUE by name or the work that PROBLUE had supported. The Wall HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 65 ASSETS winning teams from the Bangladesh Challenge, two promotional videos for the Bangladesh Infographics such as the Blue Economy Challenge, and one educational film for children Development Framework, and Marine Plastics: in Bangladesh on marine pollution. A Circularity Approach, were updated and translated into several languages. PROBLUE funded a new Pakistan blue carbon infographic to support the publication. Regular quarterly update notes were sent to the PROBLUE Partnership Council and other interested parties. EVENTS PROBLUE was mentioned in more than 15 virtual and in-person events in FY21. With more than 500 people tuning in live from around the world for the World Bank co-hosted Marine Plastics in East Asia and the Pacific: Crisis and Opportunity event, H.E. Vegard SOCIAL MEDIA Kaale, Norwegian Ambassador to Indonesia and Timor-Leste spoke about PROBLUE as a As the digital space grew increasingly co-chair representative, providing important important in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, linkages to in-country work. so did PROBLUE’s social media presence. PROBLUE engaged in the digital conversation Country-specific highlights include the on oceans throughout the year, including Bangladesh Innovation Challenge, the Pakistan around events, launches, and notable UN days. Blue Carbon Rapid Assessment, Coastlines On Twitter alone, #PROBLUE_Oceans was used Without Plastics co-hosted with the government 58 times in FY21. As a result, social media drove of Morocco, and Oceans for Prosperity Indonesia, where World Bank Managing Director Mari Pangestu mentioned PROBLUE. World Bank leadership also mentioned PROBLUE at various forums, including at the UN General Assembly, Ocean Forum 2, the FiTI Report Launch Forum, and PREVENT Waste Alliance. VIDEOS Many of these events were supported by digital media, with PROBLUE supporting production of 12 videos this year, including two FiTI videos, two Banking on Protected Areas videos, one North Africa regional plastics video, four videos of the 66 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T 7 percent of traffic to the PROBLUE webpage, communications products are on message— compared with 4 percent the previous year. from videos to opinion pieces. Internal guidelines were also updated to reflect the On June 8, World Oceans Day, PROBLUE ran a latest privacy policies. campaign for the WBG’s combined 8.6 million followers across Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn, PROBLUE’s Intranet page was established and Twitter. The 4-day campaign highlighted last year to serve as a one-stop shop for Bank the WBG’s blue economy work, including work staff to learn more about the fund, apply for supported by PROBLUE. Engagement rose support, access all relevant documents and 66 percent over FY20. Coming in just behind knowledge products, follow PROBLUE’s latest the World Wildlife Fund account, the World developments, and learn about upcoming Bank ranked second overall for Oceans Day on events. This page is a demonstrated resource Facebook. for staff, with unique users increasing by 57 percent this year. At nearly 12,000 site visits in total— an average of 13 visits per person—users KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT are coming back to the page often to use it as a resource. PROBLUE continued its engagement with World Bank staff, with five internal newsletters this year reaching approximately 1,000 internal staff. Additionally, PROBLUE’s learning campaign continued, with 10 PROBLUE- supported webinars for staff to mainstream the blue economy agenda throughout the institution. Furthermore, internal messaging documents were developed to inform communications products developed by staff, critical for ensuring that all PROBLUE HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 67 68 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T Sierra Leone / © Shutterstock / Skeiky 7. FINANCIAL OVERVIEW AND ADMINISTRATION PROBLUE FINANCIAL OVERVIEW At the end of FY21 (June 30, 2021), PROBLUE Funds, for total contributions of more than $150 had signed contributions of more than $138.5 million (see Table. 7). million from nine donor countries under two trustee accounts—a PROBLUE multi-donor As of the end of FY21, more than $20 million trust fund (MDTF) (TF073194) and a PROBLUE had been disbursed. Table 6 provides a single-donor trust fund (SDTF) (TF073437). financial summary of PROBLUE. As of June Actual funds received from donors totaled 30, 2021, PROBLUE’s total fund balance, taking more than $106.6 million. Total contributions into account funds received from donors, to the PROBLUE Umbrella program include an disbursements, commitments, and investment additional $12.7 million from the PROFISH Trust income, was approximately $80 million. TABLE 6. PROBLUE Financial Summary (as of June 30, 2021) Note: All figures are in US dollars. PROBLUE multi- PROBLUE single- TOTAL PROBLUE donor trust fund donor trust fund TRUST FUNDS (TF073194) (TF073437) A. Total donor-signed contribution 122,339,771 16,200,076 138,539,847 amount B. Actual funds received from donors 90,483,283 16,200,076 106,683,359 C. Total Other adjustments 1,407,732 68,009 1,475,742 Investment income (+) 1,407,732 68,009 1,475,742 Other adjustments (+) - - - D. Total funds available (B + C) 91,891,016 16,268,085 108,159,101 E. Disbursements 20,061,951 18,024 20,079,975 F. Commitments 8,041,100 28,900 8,070,000 G. Fund balance at trustee, subfund, 63,787,965 16,221,161 80,009,126 and disbursing account level (D - E - F) HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 69 PROFISH FINANCIAL OVERVIEW As of the end of FY21, PROBLUE had signed Table 7 provides a financial summary of contributions of more than $12.7 million from six PROFISH. As of June 30, 2021, PROFISH’s total donors under three trustee accounts: PROFISH fund balance, taking into account funds received 1 (TF070942), PROFISH 2 (TF072918), and from donors, disbursements, commitments, and PROFISH 3 (TF072959). Funds received from investment income, was about $1.4 million. donors totaled more than $12.3 million. As of the end of FY21, approximately $11 million had been disbursed. TABLE 7. PROFISH Financial Summary (as of June 30, 2021) Note: All figures are in US dollars. 1. Multi-donor 2. Multi-donor 3. Global trust fund for trust fund for the Program for TOTAL the Global Global Program on Fisheries PROFISH Program on Fisheries (PROFISH) Multi-Donor TRUST Fisheries —Parallel trust Trust Fund FUNDS (PROFISH) fund of TF070942 (PROFISH3) (TF070942) (TF072918) (TF072959) A. Total donor-signed 10,119,522 400,000 2,278,820 12,798,342 contribution amount B. Funds received from 10,119,522 400,000 1,804,960 12,324,482 donors C. Administrative Fees 505,976 - - 505,976 D. Investment income 542,285 14,967 38,802 596,054 E. Total funds available 10,155,831 414,967 1,843,762 12,414,560 (B - C + D) F. Disbursements 9,676,487 365,634 910,145 10,952,266 G. Commitments - - 8,044 8,044 H. Fund balance at trustee, subfund, and disbursing 479,343 49,333 925,574 1,454,250 account level (E - F - G) 70 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T ANNEXES HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 71 Ghana / © Shutterstock / schusterbauer.com 72 ANNEX 1 LIST OF PROBLUE-SUPPORTED ACTIVITIES ASA Advisory Services & Analytics CP Country Engagement Products IPF Investment Project Financing KP Knowledge Product Activity Country/ Approval Sum of Grant Project Name Grant # P No. Status Mapping Pillar Objective Type Region Date Amount 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T Regional Support on TF0B1003 P170994 Active ASA EAP South East 7/9/2019 $800,000.00 2 To deepen regional advocacy work Marine Plastics Litter Asia to support the ASEAN to create the for ASEAN framework for coordinated actions and leverage country-level commitments to reduce marine debris across the ASEAN region. Fisheries Sector TF0B0470 P170735 Active KP Global World 5/10/2019 $400,000.00 1 To develop a toolkit to assess the status Assessment Toolkit of the fisheries sector to help enhance the quality and consistency of project preparation and implementation. Blue Natural Capital TF0B0219 P169304 Active ASA Global World 4/18/2019 $450,000.00 4 To provide countries with information for Changing Wealth to improve management of blue natural of Nations 2020 capital as part of the Blue Economy approach by (i) estimating the value of blue natural capital as part of national wealth accounts for 150 countries reported in Changing Wealth of nations 2020, and (ii) estimating the gains in national wealth from policy and management reform for blue natural capital, and Nature-Based Solutions. Caribbean TF0B1601 P170860 Active IPF LAC St. Lucia 9/30/2019 $380,000.00 3 To conduct analysis necessary to Regional Blue prepare a future regional investment Port Connectivity operation, the Caribbean Regional Blue Prefeasibility Study Port Connectivity Project, which would enhance port efficiency and resilience while reducing pollution, increasing energy efficiency and connectivity, and elevating compliance with MARPOL in selected Caribbean States. Deveoping TF0B0492 P171052 Closed KP Global World 5/21/2019 $60,000.00 4 To produce a brief white paper analyzing Recommendations the potential for the World Bank to for a Blue Finance establish a debt swap facility in partnership Facility with The Nature Conservancy that will assist client governments in securing natural capital for a blue economy. Activity Country/ Approval Sum of Grant Project Name Grant # P No. Status Mapping Pillar Objective Type Region Date Amount Pathways out of TF0B0512 P170869 Active ASA Global World 6/18/2019 $650,000.00 2 To develop a set of tools to better Plastic Pollution understand and design effective, efficient and implementable packages of policy instruments to manage plastic pollution and prevent plastic waste from damaging the marine and terrestrial ecosystem. Support TF0B0952 P171011 Active ASA EAP Lao People's 8/8/2019 $400,000.00 2 To generate, convene and disseminate development of Democratic knowledge that informs the development Lao PDR’s National Republic and implementation of policies and Plastics Management investments for enhanced plastic waste Roadmap and Action management in Lao PDR, and help the Plan country build natural and human capital for better management of pollution and waste. Assessing the TF0B1041 P171044 Active ASA Global World 8/22/2019 $450,000.00 3 To assess the economic impact of marine Economic Impact protected areas on local and regional of Marine Protected economies through nature-based tourism Areas on Regional anchored around these areas, and help Economies make the economic case for the need for public investment MPA management to improve biodiversity outcomes and support economic development. Developing BEDF TF0B0633 P167405 Closed KP Global World 6/17/2019 $500,000.00 4 To provide technical assistance to enable Analytic Work in high-quality technical and analytical work Support of BEDF that will underpin the BEDF toolkit, which Analytical Tools, strengthens the capacity of countries to TA to Pilots, and analyze, design, and implement the Blue support to integrated Economy. seascapes guidance panel Circular Economy TF0B0895 P168024 Active ASA SAR Bangladesh 7/11/2019 $450,000.00 2 To support the Government to better and Marine Plastic understand the status of marine debris, especially plastics, and develop a roadmap/action plan to reduce marine plastics. Decarbonizing TF0B1350 P168079 Active ASA Global World 9/3/2019 $250,000.00 3 To ensure the sector contributes its fair Maritime Transport share to reaching the Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting global warming to well below 2.0°C by moving towards low-/ zero-carbon shipping (including ships and ports). HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S Support sustainable TF0B0896 P171556 Active IPF EAP Philippines 7/3/2019 $300,000.00 2 To provide technical assistance and solid waste support to help the Government improve management in basic local solid waste management selected Philippine infrastructure in selected tourism tourism islands to destinations in the Philippines. 73 reduce ocean plastic pollution 74 Activity Country/ Approval Sum of Grant Project Name Grant # P No. Status Mapping Pillar Objective Type Region Date Amount National Marine TF0B1525 P170994 Active ASA EAP Thailand 9/15/2019 $450,000.00 2 To deepen knowledge, increase Debris Management awareness, and strengthen coordination Support to inform strategies and support to the development of a National Action Plan for Marine Plastic Debris 2020-2027. WACA Pollution TF0B1181 P166218 Active ASA AFR West Africa 8/9/2019 $450,000.00 2 To assist governments to strengthen Management the resilience to pollution of targeted communities and areas in coastal Western Africa. Support Plastic TF0B1425 P170994 Active ASA EAP Philippines 8/9/2019 $450,000.00 2 To provide the government with Policies and evidence to support policies, plans and 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T Investments to actions in relation to the management of Reduce Ocean Marine Plastics. Plastics in the Philippines National Marine TF0B2100 P170994 Active ASA EAP Malaysia 12/20/2019 $400,000.00 2 To enhance diagnostics on plastics Debris Management pollution, and support policies to help Support implement Malaysia’s national initiatives on combatting marine plastics as well as strategic engagement with potential for replicability to increase Malaysia's voice in ASEAN with regards to (i) developing a circular economy roadmap and (ii) looking at the feasibility of waste-to- energy solutions for remote islands. Supporting TF0B3991; P167307 Active ASA EAP Vietnam 8/26/2020 $1,100,000.00 1, 2, 3 To inform the design of the Sustainable Development of TF0B4048; Fisheries Development Project Sustainable Fisheries TF0B4193 (SFDP) (P171352) and strengthen the in Vietnam: Informing sustainability aspect of Vietnam’s the policy framework fisheries policy framework. and investments Reducting Risk TF0B1188 P171307 Active ASA Global World 8/9/2019 $520,000.00 1 To improve the quality and sustainability in Aquaculture of WBG investments in the aquaculture Investing: Disease sector by promoting and facilitating Management adoption of best disease-control and health-management practices. A Rapid Fishery TF0B1115 P172349 Closed ASA MENA West Bank 8/9/2019 $40,000.00 1 To (i) undertake a rapid diagnostic of Performance and Gaza Gaza fisheries along the Mediterranean Indicators Diagnostic coast, and (ii) make relevant of the Gaza Strip recommendations for further analysis/ Fishery along the activities to enhance the sustainability of Mediterranean the fishery and Gaza fishers’ livelihoods. Activity Country/ Approval Sum of Grant Project Name Grant # P No. Status Mapping Pillar Objective Type Region Date Amount Regional Initiative TF0B3533 P174467 Active ASA LAC Caribbean 5/26/2020 $500,000.00 2 To develop concrete project proposals on Solid Waste on integrated solid waste management Management to mitigate marine litter and pollution, and Environment including plastic pollution from land- Protection - based sources in selected Caribbean Caribbean countries. Enabling a National TF0B1828 P167818 Active IPF MENA Lebanon 11/26/2019 $400,000.00 2 To (i) establish a baseline for monitoring Action Plan for the various marine sources of pollution; Prevention and (ii) undertake upstream analysis of key Reduction of Marine sources of marine litter; and (iii) build Litter in Lebanon national capacity to prevent and reduce pollution in marine environments. China: Supporting TF0B1748; P170079 Active ASA EAP China 8/23/2019 $1,000,000.00 2 To support the Government to (i) Marine Plastic Debris TF0B1579; deepen knowledge on marine debris Solutions TF0B1524; plastics sources, transport and impacts; TF0B2177 (ii) develop strategies for plastics monitoring and reduction in plastics use and releases to the environment; and (iii) inform and strengthen policies and raise awareness. Support Plastic TF0B2099 P167307 Active ASA EAP Vietnam 12/16/2019 $700,000.00 2 To support mapping of plastic waste Policies and and plastics’ value chains to identify Investments to and implement policies and public and Reduce Ocean private investments. Plastics in Vietnam WACA Sustainable TF0B2546; P166218 Active ASA AFR West Africa 1/15/2020 $450,000.00 2, 3, 4 To establish and operationalize a Ports Partnership TF0B2561; partnership of port authorities and TF0B2718 operators to support reduction of negative environmental and social impacts from port infrastructure and operations on targeted communities and areas in coastal Western and Central Africa. TA for sustainable TF0B1526 P168633 Active IPF SAR India 9/30/2019 $600,000.00 2 To support selected partner states in municipal solid waste coming up with strategies to address in India for reduced the mismanaged plastic waste issue as a plastic pollution part of the overall municipal solid waste problem, that will consequently lead to reduction in their contribution to global marine litter. HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S Advancing the Blue TF0B3356; P166887 Active IPF SAR Pakistan 6/30/2020 $1,450,000.00 1, 2, To address the knowledge and evidence Economy Agenda for TF0B3347; 3, 4 gaps in fisheries, blue tourism and Sustainable Growth TF0B3357; marine pollution management to in Pakistan TF0B3450 support advancing the Blue Economy Agenda for Sustainable Growth in 75 Pakistan. 76 Activity Country/ Approval Sum of Grant Project Name Grant # P No. Status Mapping Pillar Objective Type Region Date Amount Mozambique ProBlue TF0B1351; P132123 Active IPF AFR Mozambique 9/25/2019 $950,000.00 1, 2, 4 To strengthen the knowledge base on Program (MozAzul) TF0B1399; sustainable blue economy development TF0B1388 in Mozambique. Bridging the TF0B1348 P171405 Active ASA Global World 9/30/2019 $280,000.00 2 To identify, compile and disseminate Institutional Gap in mechanisms for bridging the policy SWM vs. implementation gap in solid waste management between central and subnational levels of government. Inputs into the TF0B1560 P166466 Active ASA EAP Indonesia 11/7/2019 $140,000.00 4 To identify a set of priorities in the Systematic Country ocean economy in Indonesia through a Diagnostic (SCD) diagnostic exercise. 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T and Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Indonesia Unleashing the Blue TF0B1763; P171833 Active IPF LAC Eastern 11/27/2019 $2,320,000.00 1, 2, To support the OECS Commission Economy of the TF0B1728; Caribbean 3, 4 and member states to identify policy Eastern Caribbean’ TF0B1740; gaps, organizational reforms, and Project (UBEEC) TF0B1757 capacity needs at national and regional levels within the OECS to improve competitiveness of the blue economy and strengthen the marine and coastal assets on which it depends. Cleaner Marine and TF0B2009 P170596 Active ASA MENA Middle East 12/20/2019 $550,000.00 2 On the regional level to contribute Coastal Ecosystems and North to raise common approaches and in North Africa Africa expand the influence to other Maghreb countries. On the national level to inform national strategies and investments for cleaner, plastic free, marine and coastal areas in Morocco and Tunisia. Mangroves as a TF0B2507 P166218 Active ASA AFR Africa 2/10/2020 $450,000.00 4 To (i) provide input to operations in two Protection from countries, Ghana and Guinea, about Coastal Flooding in the potential of mangroves to reduce two Selected West coastal flooding and erosion, and African Countries provide co-benefits; (ii) build capacity in local institutions for carrying out similar assessments in other areas of West Africa; and (iii) promote greater understanding among West African governments of the benefits from investing in mangroves for coastal protection. Activity Country/ Approval Sum of Grant Project Name Grant # P No. Status Mapping Pillar Objective Type Region Date Amount Charting a coastal TF0B1775; P172461 Active ASA EAP Cambodia 11/27/2019 $480,000.00 2, 3, 4 To generate knowledge and data blue economy TF0B1824; to inform policy and institutional development path TF0B1832 development and identify investment for Cambodia opportunities to develop Cambodia's coastal blue economy in a sustainable and inclusive manner. Waste to Wealth: TF0B2570; P164212 Active IPF AFR Sierra Leone 2/27/2020 $450,000.00 2, 3 To develop and pilot innovative private leveraging tourism TF0B2575 sector circular economy activities for a blue green to reduce marine litter and enhance economy in Sierra sustainable coastal tourism. Leone Use plastics and TF0B2284; P160739/ Active IPF SAR Maldives 12/20/2019 $400,000.00 2 To support the Maldives to combat prepare for a more TF0B1958 P163818 marine plastics through activities linked circular economy to 3 ongoing World Bank investment projects to promote single use plastics phase-out and a transition to a more circular blue economy (Maldives Clean Environment Project, Maldives Enhancing Employability and Resilience of Youth Project, and Sustainable Fisheries Resources Development Project). Oceans Governance TF0B2340 P173148 Active ASA Global World 2/27/2020 $280,000.00 3 To build the capacity on oceans Capacity Building governance (international legal instruments) of decision- and policy- makers and other stakeholders in client countries as well as of World Bank staff. Support Policies TF0B2769 P172379 Active ASA EAP Myanmar 4/14/2020 $450,000.00 2 To (i) establish solid data and evidence and Investments through scaled-up survey analysis for to Reduce Ocean policy development and consensus Plastics in Myanmar building; and (ii) to build capacity and support Government of Myanmar to develop and operationalize the Plastic Pollution Management Action Plan, including priority plastic policies and investments. Advancing TF0B2052 P155642 Active IPF AFR Africa 1/10/2020 $590,000.00 1 To improve transparency and Transparency in the multi-stakeholder collaboration for Fisheries Sector sustainable and equitable fisheries through FiTI management in Seychelles and other countries by supporting the Government of Seychelles to host the HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S Fisheries Transparency Initiative (FiTI) International Secretariat. 77 78 Activity Country/ Approval Sum of Grant Project Name Grant # P No. Status Mapping Pillar Objective Type Region Date Amount Pollution Prevention TF0B2560 P173334 Active ASA ECA Europe and 2/11/2020 $400,000.00 2 To improve national and regional in the Black Sea Central Asia knowledge for mitigating eutrophication, deoxygenation, invasive species, emerging pollutants, and litter, including plastics, in the Black Sea. This work complements WBG's engagements in other countries around the Black Sea and will contribute to increase regional coordination on marine pollution interventions. Land-based and TF0B2650 P168608 Active IPF AFR Sierra Leone 3/18/2020 $490,000.00 2 To create a comprehensive knowledge marine sources of platform regarding the current sources 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T plastic pollution in of marine pollution in Freetown, Sierra Sierra Leone Leone, and establish strategies to reduce plastic consumption, enhance recycling initiatives, and improve waste management systems. E&S Analysis for TF0B2508 P170090 Active ASA Global World 2/27/2020 $1,075,000.00 3 To enhance achievement of the Offshore Offshore Wind Wind Development Program objectives Development by integrating environmental and social Program development considerations into the global KPs and country grant activities funded under the program. Supporting TF0B2466; P171993 Active ASA EAP Philippines 3/9/2020 $750,000.00 1, 4 To improve the knowledge base for sustainable fisheries TF0B2467 the Philippines fisheries sector and development and for measures for improved coastal resilient coastal resilience, to inform the design of the economies in the planned Philippine Fisheries and Coastal Philippines Resource Management (PFCRM) Project, and a potential Coastal Resilience Project. Indonesia Oceans for TF0B2939; P173391 Active IPF EAP Indonesia 5/14/2020 $775,000.00 1, 4 To inform the proposed 'Oceans Prosperity TF0B3043 for Prosperity' Phase 1 project and to improve the knowledge base for development of the Blue Economy in Indonesia. Connecting social TF0B3549 P174353 Active ASA Global World 6/23/2020 $650,000.00 1 To enhance understanding of how protection and the social protection programs can support blue economy in a workers engaged in fisheries while changing climate reducing overexploitation and enhancing sustainability of fisheries-based livelihoods. Blue Economy TF0B3042; P172379 Closed ASA EAP Myanmar 5/21/2020 $1255000 1, 3, 4 To generate knowledge and data Roadmap Support TF0B3162; to inform policy and investment for Myanmar's TF0B3155 opportunities to support Myanmar's blue Sustainable and economy planning and development. Inclusive Growth Activity Country/ Approval Sum of Grant Project Name Grant # P No. Status Mapping Pillar Objective Type Region Date Amount Building Coastal TF0B3295 P166538 Active IPF AFR Senegal 5/28/2020 $622,000.00 4 To provide technical input and Resilience and specialized expertise to the Government Supporting the Blue of Senegal to facilitate evidence-based Economy in Saint- decision-making and build capacity for Louis, Senegal urban and coastal resilience, particularly as it related to Nature-Based Solutions and livelihood diversification for coastal communities. Advancing Circular TF0B3956 P173517 Active ASA AFR South Africa 6/10/2020 $500,000.00 2 To support Government of South Africa Economy in South to promote and develop a roadmap to Africa advance circular economy in the country. Information system TF0B3534 P168613 Active IPF AFR Guinea 6/11/2020 $450,000.00 4 To strengthen intersectoral collaboration, and capacity availability of strategic data/analysis and building for Guinea's capacity for integrated marine & coastal transitions to a Blue planning in Guinea. Economy Transparency and TF0B4805 P161568 Active IPF SAR Bangladesh 11/4/2020 $452,000.00 1 To Improve the knowledge base for Accountability in addressing domestic illegal, unreported, Fisheries and unregulated fishing (IUU) in Bangladesh and, more broadly, in South- East Asia. Regional Initiative TF0B3650 P174701 Active ASA LAC Latin 6/16/2020 $500,000.00 2 To develop concrete project proposals on Solid Waste America on integrated solid waste management Management to mitigate marine litter and pollution, (SWM) and Marine including plastic pollution from land- Environment based sources in selected Central Protection - Central America countries. America Region Supporting Solid TF0B3649 P170976 Active IPF EAP Cambodia 6/26/2020 $600,000.00 2 To support selected cities and national Waste and Plastic ministries in Cambodia in the assessment Improvement Project and analysis of solid waste and plastics policies and investments that could be included in the Solid Waste and Plastics Improvement Project in Cambodia (P170976). Plastic free cleaner TF0B4437 P172548 Active IPF MENA Egypt, Arab 10/7/2020 $485,000.00 2 To support the development of marine and coastal Republic of strategies and investments for cleaner ecosystems in Egypt coastal and marine ecosystems in Egypt. Analysis towards TF0B4012; P170596 Active Other MENA Gaza 6/26/2020 $550,000.00 1, 2 To develop critical pathways for sustainable and TF0B4025 pollution management and sustainable HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S cleaner environment fisheries in Gaza Strip and West Bank. development in Gaza Strip and West Bank 79 80 Activity Country/ Approval Sum of Grant Project Name Grant # P No. Status Mapping Pillar Objective Type Region Date Amount The Gambia TF0B3632; P172822 Active ASA AFR The Gambia 6/30/2020 $800,000.00 2 To strengthen the knowledge base on Integrated Urban and TF0B3611 marine pollution (with focus on Solid Coastal Resilience Waste Management), and Nature- Program Based Solutions (NBS) to support the Government of The Gambia in developing an integrated approach to urban and coastal resilience. Sustainable and TF0B3648; P174821 Active ASA Global World 6/30/2020 $1,750,000.00 2, 3, 4 To improve understanding of how small Resilient Tourism on TF0B3647; island developing states (SIDS) and Small Islands and in TF0B3656 small coastal nations can increase their Coastal Destinations tourism competitiveness in the wake of COVID-19 through more sustainable and 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T resilient tourism practices. Actions and Policies TF0B3868 P175258 Active ASA Global World 6/30/2020 $500,000.00 2 To identify actions and to quantify the to Reduce Coastal economy cost and benefit frontiers to Zone Agricultural mitigate and reverse land to marine Nutrient Pollution in agricultural nutrient pollution in selected Africa, Latin America, coastal zones in Africa, Latin America and South Asia and South Asia. Pacific Ocean TF0B4512; P171214 Active Other EAP Pacific 6/30/2020 $9,800,000.00 1, 2, To inform and enhance the design, Advisory Program TF0B4383; Islands 3, 4 financing, implementation, coordination TF0B4617; Countries and monitoring of priority policies and TF0B4619 investments for a sustainable ocean economy and a healthier and more resilient environment in selected Pacific Islands Countries (PICs). Reducing Plastic TF0B4148 P170798 Active IPF SAR Nepal 9/2/2020 $550,000.00 2 To increase awareness and regulatory Waste Disposed capacity on managing use of single-use in Nepal’s Rivers plastics and availability of investment Draining in the Bay options in recycling of and alternatives to of Bengal plastics at selected sites/areas in Nepal. Priorities for TF0B4851; P171747 Active ASA SAR Sri Lanka 10/29/2020 $700,000.00 1, 4 To develop an improved knowledge base Sustainably TF0B4516 for prioritizing investments, institutional Managing Sri changes and policy actions in the Blue Lanka's Fisheries Economy of Sri Lanka, specifically and Ecosystems that focusing on fisheries. Support Them Additional Financing: Additional 6/30/2020 $1,500,000.00 Pathways out of Financing Plastic Pollution Activity Country/ Approval Sum of Grant Project Name Grant # P No. Status Mapping Pillar Objective Type Region Date Amount Additional Financing: Additional 9/15/2020 $120,000.00 Advancing the Blue Financing Economy Agenda for Sustainable Growth in Pakistan Creating an Enabling TF0B5064 P176291 Active CP LAC Jamaica 11/18/2020 $400,000.00 4 The objective of this activity is to help Environment for create enabling environment for fostering Blue Economy Jamaica’s blue economy growth and Development in sustainable use and management of Jamaica ocean and marine resources. Nature-Based and TF0B5266; P168951 Active IPF LAC Haiti 2/4/2021 $430,000.00 2, 4 To develop a roadmap to enhance flood Non-Structural TF0B5258 protection in the coastal peripheries of Coastal Flood Cap-Haïtien, Haiti using nature-based Reduction Measures and non-structural measures. in Cap-Haitien, Haiti Fishery Sector P126773 GFR IPF AFR Sierra Leone 1 To strengthen the knowledge base for Improvement in Pending fisheries policy reform in Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone Improving the P172012 GFR IPF AFR Liberia 1, 2 To strengthen the knowledge base on fisheries sector and Pending sustainable fisheries management and coastal plastic litter improve strategies for marine plastic abatement in Liberia pollution abatement in Liberia. Reducing Marine TF0B4878 P176178 Active ASA AFR Nigeria 11/18/2020 $950,000.00 2 The Development Objective is to Plastic Pollution develop an improved knowledge base and Creating Plastic and increased capacity for Lagos state Recycling Market in to reduce marine plastic pollution Lagos State, Nigeria by promoting sustainable plastic management (reduce, reuse, recycle). Senegal Municipal TF0B4867 P161477 Active IPF AFR Senegal 12/8/2020 $450,000.00 2 Strengthen the governance of solid Solid Waste waste management in Senegal and Management Project improve solid waste management services in selected municipalities. Supporting P176401 GFR ASA AFR Tanzania 2, 4 To promote smart, sustainable sustainable Pending and inclusive growth in Tanzania livelihoods through and Zanzibar by supporting waste marine debris management strategies, coastal zone control and coastal management knowledge and local zone management livelihoods. in Zanzibar and HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S mainland Tanzania 81 82 Activity Country/ Approval Sum of Grant Project Name Grant # P No. Status Mapping Pillar Objective Type Region Date Amount Improving the TF0B4800 P175097 Active KP Global World 12/8/2020 $300,000.00 4 To improve the understanding of the Understanding potential for MSP to strengthen the of Marine Spatial World Bank Group’s Blue Economy Planning portfolio. Central America Blue P172936 GFR IPF LAC Central 1, 2, The development objective is to Economy Program Pending America 3, 4 build regional and national capacity, (PROAZUL) strengthen institutional arrangements, and identify investment needs to foster sustainability, support job creation, and boost value addition in the blue economy of Central America, with a primary focus on El Salvador, Honduras 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T and the Gulf of Fonseca. Additional Financing: P097985 GFR IPF SAR Unlocking India's Pending Blue Economy Potential Improving Water, TF0B5110 P165298 Active ASA Global World 2/3/2021 $320,000.00 1 To develop diagnostic tools and Sanitation and guidance to inform Water, Sanitation, Hygiene (WASH) and Hygiene (WASH) interventions in Fisheries and in fisheries and aquaculture and their Aquaculture Value value chains, to improve health and food Chains safety, reduce the spread of COVID-19 and and reduce antimicrobial resistance. Strengthening the TF0B5033 P166698 Active ASA LAC Ecuador 1/21/2021 $50,000.00 4 To conduct a diagnosis of coastal and governance for a marine resources and management Blue Development framework in the Galapagos towards a Framework in Blue Development Framework. Galapagos, Ecuador Building a TF0B5032 P166698 Active ASA LAC Peru 1/21/2021 $50,000.00 4 Sharing of international experiences baseline for a Blue regarding the blue economy to bring Development together the key productive and Framework in Peru environment sectors. Improving TF0B5329 P164330 Active IPF AFR Ghana 2/4/2021 $900,000.00 2 To enhance the knowledge base, Framework strengthen evidence-based policy Conditions for decisions, promote social inclusion, and Reducing Marine involve the private sector in improved Litter and Pollution waste management, reduction of marine in the Greater Accra litter and plastic pollution by promoting Region, Ghana sustainable plastic management (reduce, reuse, recycle), with a focus on the Greater Accra Region (GAR), Ghana. Activity Country/ Approval Sum of Grant Project Name Grant # P No. Status Mapping Pillar Objective Type Region Date Amount Informing subsidy TF0B5489 P175345 Active ASA Global World 3/17/2021 $235,000.00 1 Improved understanding of the interplay reform in the of fisheries management, subsidies and fisheries sector trade in fish-harvesting services. Additional Financing: P166218 GFR ASA AFR WACA Pollution Pending Management Creating ENB's TF0B5562 P176604 Active KP Global World 3/30/2021 $15,000.00 4 To define ENB’s value proposition for the Value Proposition nature-based solutions agenda. for Nature Based Solutions Additional Financing: Additional 4/8/2021 $133,000.00 Advancing Financing Transaprency in the Fisheries Sector through FiTI Additional Additional 4/9/2021 $50,000.00 Financing: Support Financing Plastic Policies and Investments to Reduce Marine Plastics in Vietnam Additional Financing: Additional 8/17/2020 $20,000.00 Fisheries Status Financing Assessment Toolkit Assessment of P172817 GFR IPF SAR Bangladesh 2 The objectives of the activity is to Medical Waste Pending support the Bangladesh Environmental Management in Sustainability and Transformation Project Dhaka (BEST, P172817) to identify short-term and mid-term regulatory and investment priorities for the improvement of the management of medical wastes in Dhaka, Bangldesh. Coastal City TF0B6164 P169425 Active KP AFR Tanzania $275,000.00 2 To improve city and national level Strategies for government knowledge and capacity Prevention of to reduce marine plastic litter through Generation and enhanced urban services, infrastructure Transport of Plastic and planning. Litter to Oceans Boosting Costa TF0B6263 P168475 Active IPF LAC Costa Rica $50,000.00 4 Assisting Government of Costa Rica HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S Rica’s Blue Economy advance its Blue Economy agenda. 83 84 Activity Country/ Approval Sum of Grant Project Name Grant # P No. Status Mapping Pillar Objective Type Region Date Amount People, Plastics, and P175659 GFR IPF EAP Indonesia, 2 The objective of this proposal is the Blue Economy Pending the to improve the understanding of Philippines, vulnerabilities faced by informal sector Vietnam workers, and to identify resulting opportunities for community-level livelihoods from plastics recycling, upcycling, and alternative materials in the Philippines, Vietnam and Indonesia. The Economics, P165586 GFR ASA Global World 3 The objective of this activity is to Regulation and Pending inform the design and implementation Management of of country clients’ initiatives and Desalination and World Bank operations aimed at 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T Water Reuse mainstreaming the sustainable use of unconventional water resources, with a focus on sea water desalination and wastewater reuse. International GFR ASA EAP Vietnam 2 Undertake analytical work on the benchmarking, Pending planning and financing of municipal financial solid and plastic waste to help the sustainability and Government of Vietnam achieve its goals analysis of solid towards reduced pollution and marine waste to reduce littering. marine pollution Jamaica Plastic P146965/ GFR ASA LAC Jamaica 2 To improve the evidence base and Waste Removal TA P146460 Pending stakeholder understanding of marine litter prevention strategies in Jamaica as a model for regional replication. Prevention of Marine P176163 GFR Other ECA Albania 2 The development objective is to Plastic Pollution in Pending improve the understanding of plastic Albania pollution in Albania and design solutions to reduce it. Fisheries Sector P176920 GFR ASA Global World 1 To improve Bank Teams´ and client Assessment Toolkit Pending countries´ understanding, awareness Rollout and lessons learned from the use of tools in the Fisheries Sector Assessment Toolkit. Addressing Plastic P171214 GFR ASA EAP Pacific 2 To establish a baseline of knowledge on Waste from Pending Islands marine plastics sources, pathways and the Fishing and Countries environmental and economic impacts Aquaculture Sectors to inform the design and application in PICs of a systemic approach at national and regional level across PICs to reduce the leakage of mismanaged plastic waste from the fishing1 and aquaculture sectors from entering the marine environment. Activity Country/ Approval Sum of Grant Project Name Grant # P No. Status Mapping Pillar Objective Type Region Date Amount Behavior Change in GFR ASA Global World 2 Improved understanding of behavior Waste Management Pending change aspects of waste management practices. Additional Financing: Additional 6/30/2021 $850,000.00 Pacific Ocean Financing Advisory Program Additional Financing: Additional 3/24/21 $280,000.00 WACA Pollution Financing Management HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 85 86 ANNEX 2 LIST OF PROFISH-SUPPORTED ACTIVITIES ASA Advisory Services & Analytics KP Knowledge Product LEN Technical assistance for lending project identification and preparation RE Recipient Executed Activity Country/ Closing Sum of Grant Project Name Grant # P No. Status Mapping Pillar Objective Type Region Date Amount 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T Philippines Climate TF0B0329 P157325 Closed LEN EAP National: 9/30/2019 $29,260.85 1 Enable the Government to increase Adaptation and Philippines climate adaptation and resilience Resilience investments and their effectiveness in reducing climate risks impacting people and livelihoods in key vulnerable landscapes. The Caribbean Oceans TF0A6274 P153427 Closed ASA LCR Regional: 1/31/2020 $1,477,021.79 1 To improve the resilience of marine and Aquaculture Caribbean ecosystems through innovative Sustainability FaciliTy mechanisms to promote and stimulate (COAST) sustainable blue growth in the Caribbean. Benchmarking TF0B0549 P157801 Closed LEN SAR National: 3/15/2020 $27,771.77 1 Improve management of fisheries at study of Contractual Maldives regional and national levels including Arrangements for support to establish mariculture in Aquaculture Producers targeted atolls in the Maldives. and Aggregators Brief Assessment of TF0B0568 P171084 Closed LEN SAR National: India 3/15/2020 $29,650.55 1 Support the Government´s Blue Water Intensity of Revolution Program by sustainably Freshwater Aquaculture doubling the production from aquatic and Implications of resources through adoption of (Climate-Change induced appropriate technology, biosecurity, incremental) Water genetic resource management Stress on the proposed systems and facilitating private sector intensification of investment in freshwater aquaculture. aquaculture in India A Rapid Fishery TF0B1115 P172349 Closed ASA MNA National: West 5/29/2020 $38,188.49 1 Undertake a rapid diagnostic of Performance Indicators Bank and Gaza the status of the Gaza fishery Diagnostic of the Gaza along the Mediterranean coast, and make recommendations for further analysis and activities to enhance the sustainability of the fishery and fishers´ livelihoods. Costa Rica Sustainable TF0A8874 P168475 Closed LEN LCR National: Costa 6/30/2020 $59,887.71 1 Provide key legal and stakeholder Fisheries Development Rica analysis on the Costa Rican fisheries sector for the preparation of the project. Activity Country/ Closing Sum of Grant Project Name Grant # P No. Status Mapping Pillar Objective Type Region Date Amount Blue Economy Diagnostic TF0A7531 P167405 Closed KP Global Global 6/30/2020 $134,982.87 4 Support the bank in developing and testing a diagnostic methodology for assessing the constraints and opportunities for the development of the blue economy in coastal states. Unlocking India's Blue TF0B0538 P097985 Closed LEN SAR National: India 12/30/2020 $398,889.93 4 Strengthen integrated coastal zone Economy Potential management in selected States and Union Territories. Supporting Resilient TF0A8326 P167307 Closed ASA EAP National: 12/30/2020 $29,891.70 1 Inform how to manage the bio- Coastal Economies in Vietnam economic assets (like in the fisheries Vietnam sector) in coastal areas in a sustainable way in order to enhance the contribution of these assets resilient coastal economies. Modeling coastal TF0A9799 P126773 Closed LEN AFW Regional: 12/31/2020 $29,980.55 1 Inform the design and delivery of the economy in Guinea Western Africa West Africa Regional Fisheries Program in Guinea, to strengthen governance and management of targeted fisheries and improve handling of landed catch at selected sites. Informing the TF0A9949 P167307 Active ASA EAP National: 12/31/2021 $200,000.00 4 To strengthen integrated planning Development of Vietnam in coastal areas and identify policy Vietnam's Blue Economy and fiscal reforms to bolster the development of a blue economy and how to generate more value from fisheries and coastal tourism. Kiribati Ocean Economy TF0B1169 P171214 Active ASA EAP Regional: 6/30/2021 $150,000.00 4 Support knowledge generation to Pacific Islands inform decision making on how best to harness natural oceanic and coastal resources in Kiritimati for sustainable and inclusive growth in Kiribati. The Caribbean Oceans TF0B1833 P171833 Active LEN LCR Regional: OECS 6/30/2022 $872,978.26 1 To improve the competitiveness of the and Aquaculture Countries OECS’ blue economy and strengthen the Sustainability FaciliTy resilience of marine and coastal assets. (COAST) COAST Implementation TF0B2931 P171321 Active RE LCR Regional: 6/30/2022 $2,400,000.00 1 To strengthen financial resilience of - Caribbean Catastrophe Caribbean Caribbean countries through insuring Risk Insurance Facility against selected climate-related events (CCRIF) that impact the fisheries sector. HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S PROFISH Analytics TF092161 P097021 Closed LEN Global Global 8/31/2022 $4,185,766.36 1 Improved governance of global fisheries 87 88 Activity Country/ Closing Sum of Grant Project Name Grant # P No. Status Mapping Pillar Objective Type Region Date Amount An explosive situation, a TF0A9680 P132123 Active LEN AFR National: 8/31/2022 $30,000.00 1 Analyze the root causes that allowed coordinated response – Tanzania blast fishing to prevail in Tanzania for curbing blast-fishing in decades, and the concerted response Tanzania that recently ended it. Creating an Enabling TF0B5064 P176291 Active ASA LCR National: 8/31/2022 $400,000.00 4 To help create enabling environment Environment for Blue Jamaica for fostering Jamaica’s blue economy Economy Development growth and sustainable use and in Jamaica management of ocean and marine resources 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T HEA LT HY OC EA N S • H E A LTH Y E CO N O MI E S • H E A LTH Y CO MM U N I TI E S 89 Nigeria / © Shutterstock / MOdAMO PROBLUE is an Umbrella 2.0 program, administered by the World Bank, that supports the development of integrated, sustainable, and healthy marine and coastal resources. www.worldbank.org/problue 2 02 1 A N N UA L R EP OR T