SFG3527 V2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY IN KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT June 2017 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................... i 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Profile of Study area.................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Existing water supply ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.3 Need for the Proposal................................................................................................................................. 2 1.4 Scope of the Proposal ................................................................................................................................. 2 1.5 Categorisation of Project........................................................................................................................... 4 1.6Structure of the Report ............................................................................................................................... 5 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Cost Details ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.3 Project Components .................................................................................................................................... 8 2.3.1 Head Works............................................................................................................................................ 8 2.3.2 Raw Water Pumping Main ............................................................................................................ 11 2.3.3 Treatment Plant ................................................................................................................................ 12 2.3.4. Clear water Pumping Main .......................................................................................................... 20 2.3.5 Service Reservoirs............................................................................................................................ 22 2.3.6 Distribution System ......................................................................................................................... 23 2.3.7 House Service Connections .......................................................................................................... 25 2.3.8 SCADA .................................................................................................................................................... 25 2.4 Source Sustainability ............................................................................................................................... 26 3. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ............................................................................... 27 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 27 3.2 Environmental Policies and Regulations ........................................................................................ 27 3.2.1 Environmental and Social Management Framework ....................................................... 27 3.2.2 Operational Policies and Directives of World Bank .......................................................... 27 3.2.3 Source Clearance............................................................................................................................... 28 3.2.4 Environmental Policy and Regulatory Frameworks in India ........................................ 28 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 3.2.5 Regulatory Framework in the State of Tamil Nadu ........................................................... 32 3.2.6 Clearances/ NOC Required from Competent Authority .................................................. 33 4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE ................................................................................................. 34 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 34 4.2 Objective of the Study ............................................................................................................................. 34 4.3.1 Air Quality ............................................................................................................................................ 35 4.3.2 Ambient Noise Levels ..................................................................................................................... 36 4.3.3 Surface Water Quality..................................................................................................................... 36 4.3.4 Soil Analysis ........................................................................................................................................ 38 4.3.5 Biological Environment ................................................................................................................. 39 4.3.6 Socio Economic studies.................................................................................................................. 40 4.3.7 Environmental Profile .................................................................................................................... 40 4.4 Screening of the Project as per the ESMF of TNUIFSL .............................................................. 41 4.4.1 Environmental Screening ............................................................................................................. 41 4.4.2 Social Screening .............................................................................................................................. 41 4.5 Description of sites of Project Components .................................................................................. 42 4.5.1 Head Works (Raw Water offtake) ............................................................................................. 42 4.5.2 Alignment of Transmission Main............................................................................................... 42 4.5.3 Water Treatment Plant .................................................................................................................. 43 5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMAPCTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES........................................................ 48 5. 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 48 5.2 Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...................................................................................................... 48 5.2.1. Topography ........................................................................................................................................ 48 5.2.2 Ambient Air Quality ......................................................................................................................... 49 5.2.3 Noise Levels ........................................................................................................................................ 50 5.2.4 Water Quality ..................................................................................................................................... 51 5.2.5 Soil Environment .............................................................................................................................. 54 5.2.6 Biological Environment ................................................................................................................. 54 5.2.7 Hydrogeology ..................................................................................................................................... 55 5.2.8 Social Environment.......................................................................................................................... 56 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 5.2.9 Other Management Measures ..................................................................................................... 57 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN.............................................................................................. 62 6.1 Objectives ..................................................................................................................................................... 62 6.2 Environmental Management Plan for Pre-Construction Phase ............................................ 62 6.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan ................................................................................................... 79 6.4 EMP Cost ....................................................................................................................................................... 81 7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION ............................................................................................................................... 83 7.1 Outcome of Public Consultation ......................................................................................................... 83 8. IMPLEMENTATION AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ...................................................... 84 8.1Grievance Redressal Mechanism ......................................................................................................... 84 9. PROJECT BENEFITS ......................................................................................................................................... 86 9.1 Present Scenario ........................................................................................................................................ 86 9.2 Project Benefits .......................................................................................................................................... 86 10. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................................... 88 LIST OF TABLES Table1.1: Water requirements for various design periods for the proposal ................................. 4 Table 2.1: General Abstract .................................................................................................................................. 8 Table2.2: Proposed Treatment Plant for Total Capacity ............................................................. 13 Table2.3: Raw Water Quality ....................................................................................................................... 16 Table2.4: Treated Water Quality ............................................................................................................... 16 Table 2.5: Details of Existing Service Reservoirs ............................................................................. 23 Table 2.6: Details of Proposed Service Reservoirs.......................................................................... 23 Table 2.7: Proposed Distribution system ............................................................................................. 24 Table 3.1: Details of National and State Highways Crossings ................................................... 33 Table 3.2: Clearances/ NOC Required from Competent Authority ........................................ 33 Table 6.1: Environmental Management Plan for Pre- Construction, Construction and Operation .................................................................................................................................................................. 63 Table 6.2: Environmental Monitoring Plan Pre-Construction &Construction Phase .............. 79 Table 6.3: Environmental Monitoring Plan Operation Phase ............................................................ 80 Table 6.4: EMP Cost of the Project ............................................................................................................ 81 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. 1Location Map of Nagercoil Municipality ................................................................................... 3 Figure 2.1: Structure of offtake well................................................................................................................. 9 Figure 2.2-Location of Head work ............................................................................................................. 10 Figure 2.3-WSIS Flow diagram of Nagarcoil Municipality ........................................................... 10 Figure 2.4-Pipe Carrying Bridge ................................................................................................................ 12 Figure 2.5: Layout of WTP.............................................................................................................................. 18 Figure 2.6: WTP Process Flow Diagram ................................................................................................. 19 Figure 2.7: Clear water Pumping main - I ............................................................................................. 21 Figure 2.8: Clear water Pumping main - II ........................................................................................... 21 Figure 2.9: Clear water Pumping main – III ......................................................................................... 22 LIST OF ANNEXURE 89 ANNEXURE I ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING FORM ANNEXURE II SOCIAL SCREENING FORM 94 ANNEXURE III LAYOUT PLAN FOR THE PROJECT SITES 123 ANNEXURE IV SAFETY IN STORAGE AND HANDLING CHLORINE IN 132 PLANT OPERATION ANNEXURE V PUBLIC CONSULTATION DETAILS 137 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY List of Abbreviations CPHEEO Centre for Public Health Engineering and Environmental Organization ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework EMP Environmental Management Plan GLSR Ground Level Service Reservoir LL Lakh Litres LPCD Litre Per Capita Per Day LPM Litres Per Minute LS Longitudinal Section MLD Million Litres per Day NH National Highways OHT Over Head Tank PAP Project Affected Person SH State Highways TN – PWD Public Works Department – Tamil Nadu TNEB Tamil Nadu Electricity Board TNPCB Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board TNUIFSL Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Ltd. TWADB Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board WRO Water Resources Organization WSIS Water Supply Improvement Scheme WTP Water Treatment Plant WUC Water Utilization Committee PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction Kanyakumari District is named after the goddess ‘KANYAKUMARI’. The district lies at the southernmost tip of the Indian peninsula, where Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal confluence. Kanyakumari District is located geographically at 80 10’ North latitude and 770 25’ East longitudes.Nagercoil is a Special Grade Municipality and the headquarters of Kanyakumari District. It lies at a distance of 20 KM from Kanyakumari. It is located at a latitude of 8010'47" N and longitude of 77'21'50" E. Existing water supply Three water supply schemes are now functioning with Mukkadal Dam and Ananthanar channel other than the bore wells as source. I. Water supply schemes executed by Travancore Cochin State during 1941. The Scheme was designed for 7.08 MLD and 96 km D’System laid. II. 1st Improvement scheme executed by TWAD during 1978. x The improvement scheme was carried out for 13.5 MLD and 35.90 km D’system laid.Work carried out under deposit scheme by Municipality x 5Nos. of Bore well provided by the Municipality for the areas MelaSoorangudi, Maravankudieruppu and Punnainagar. III. 2nd Improvement scheme executed by TWAD during 2002. Improvement Scheme was carried for 90 LPCD for a daily requirement of 30.5 MLD. Need for the Proposal At present the level of supply of water to Nagercoil Municipality is 85 lpcd and with a supply once in five days. UGS Schemes has been sanctioned for Nagercoil Municipality and is under progress. Therefore prorate level of water supply has to be increased from 90 lpcd to 135 lpcd. In order to enhance the level of supply to 135 lpcd to urban local bodies, it is necessitated to formulate this proposal. i PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Scope of the Proposal Considering the increasing demand of water supply of Nagercoil municipality as per the standards prescribed for the present and future year requirements, the water supply improvement scheme has been formulated. The present supply is inadequate ie 85 lpcd which is distributed once in 5 days. This Project is to be implemented under World bank assisted Tamilnadu Sustainable Urban Development Project (TNSUDP). Categorisation of Project The proposed project is classified as Environmental Categorisation as E1 (water treatment plant, water supply augmentation with new source/ head work/intake works). Hence this project requires detailed Environmental Impact Assessment and preparation of management measures.Social Categorisation of Projects, the number of PAPs in this project is nil, hence this project can be categorized under S-3 category. Project Description Introduction The proposed project involves the construction of offtake well in Paraliyar River near Puthan Dam. The water is then treated in water treatment plant at Krishnankovil to make it more acceptable and specific to end use like drinking etc., The treated water is taken to Service reservoirs of 23 nos (12 Existing and 11 Proposed) through distribution networks connecting them. Salient details of the project components are given below: x Head works – For drawal of 52.04 mld (ultimate) from Paraliar river x Raw Water Pumping main for a length of 31.85 km x Water Treatment Plant to treat water 41.12 mld (intermediate requirement) at existing WTP site in Krishnancoil – 2 units (demolishing and reconstructing) 1 unit – Augmentation- 1unit x Clear Water Pumping Main I, II, IIIs for a total length of 31.006 km x Length of Pipe carrying bridges 40m, 20m, 30m & 60m. x Proposed Service Reservoirs – 11 Nos. x Connecting to Existing SRs (12 nos) and proposed SRs (11 nos) ii PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY x Distribution system – 430.612 km x HSC – 85000 NOS. x SCADA – To monitor entire scheme for effective functioning. Cost Details The total cost of the project is Rs. 251.43 Crores. The base cost/ initial cost of the project is estimated around Rs.186.21 Crores. The annual maintenance cost is about Rs 19.17Crores. Head Works It is proposed to tap 52.04 MLD of surface water from river Paraliyar by constructing 8m dia. Off-take well on the upstream side of Puthen Dam. Off-take well cum pump house MFL = 76.50m G.L. = 70.98m F.V.L. = 64.98m L.S.W.L. = 67.98m Raw Water Pumping Main The water from the off take well is proposed to be pumped by means of 115 HP Turbine pump set with a duty of 14899 lpm x 26m head(2 nos.) parallel pumping (1No stand bye) to the proposed Aerator of the WTP through the proposed raw water pumping main as detailed below. 914mm x 8mm thick MS pipe – 20.190 km 813 mm x 8 mm thick MS pipe – 11.660 km Treatment Plant The proposed for construction of a new water treatment plant of 41.12 MLD capacity for the raw quantity from the Puthen dam using aerator, stilling chamber, raw water channel, Dividing chamber, Flash mixer, Clariflocculator, Flocculator,Clarifier, Filter bed and Clear water sump cum pump house and to enhance the treatment capacity of the existing treatment plant III upto 18 MLD for the raw water from the Mukkadal dam. Analysis of alternatives:The Treatment plant site at puliyadi was selected for Nagercoil waterSupply improvement scheme and further alternatively WTP site has been changed iii PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY which reduces cost of the scheme and further, the site for WTP belongs to Nagercoil Municipality. Clear water Pumping Main Water from the clear water sump will be pumped through 3 clear water pumping main (I, II, III) to the service reservoirs of 23 Nos (Proposed - 11 Nos. and existing - 12 Nos.). Service Reservoirs The clear water conveyed from the WTP at Krishnankovil will be stored in the newly proposed elevated Service reservoirs -11 Nos., existing elevated Service reservoirs -11 Nos. and GLSR– 1 No. for the entire Nagercoil Municipality. Distribution System It is proposed to use HDPE pipes up to 200mm dia. and above 200mm DI pipes in the existing and proposed distribution network. Accordingly the proposed distribution network for a length of 420.612 Km with new HDPE and DI pipes. House Service Connections It is proposed to provide 85000 Nos of House service connections to Nagercoil Municipality. SCADA SCADA system to be monitored at the Head works, WTP and Service Reservoirs, gathering the real time data from remote locations. Source Sustainability Water Balance Study: Average outflow from Pechiparai and Perunchani dams - 20292.97 mcft Water required for irrigation -9715mcft Water required for existing WSS -1494 mcft Water demand for WSIS to Nagercoil municipality - 670 mcft (52.04 mld) Balance water available - 8414 mcft 238.30 Mm3 The above water balance study reveals that the total ultimate requirement can be tapped without any difficulty. iv PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK The proposed activity has no social impact and hence the project falls under S3as per Social Categorization of ESMF and is classified as E1as per Environmental Categorization of ESMF. Hence this project requires detailed environmental impact assessment and preparation of management measures. Source Clearance Approval for the proposal to tap 52.04 MLD of water from River Paraliar from Water Utilization Committee of PWD is under process. Clearances/ NOC Required from Competent Authority S.NO Activity Clearance / Statutory Status NOC Required Authority 1 Withdrawal of raw water Clearance to PWD – Proposal Under Scrutiny (52.04 MLD) from Paraliar be obtained Water at CE’S River from Water Utilisation Office/PWD/WRO/ Utilization Committee Madurai Committee of PWD for 52.04 MLD for the Ultimate stage Demand. 2 Construction of off take Alienation Revenue Enter- upon permission well in the headworks. has been given by the District Collector. 3 Construction of pipe Permission PWD Will be obtained prior to carrying bridges for river construction. crossing BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE Objective of the Study The object of the study is to identify and assess the likely environmental and other Socio–economical Public Health Impacts of the project and its components. The study shall derive an Environmental Management Plan for bringing out the project to environmentally sound and socially acceptable besides fulfilling their water requirement. v PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Surface Water Quality There is no pollution occurred in the river source. The surface water quality of the river source from samples collected from Puthendamduring different seasons. ¾ The pH of surface water in the study area is 6.9 & 7.22 and Conductivity is 181 & 345 μS/cm. ¾ TDS values were found to be 78 & 30 mg/l and Total Hardness found to be 34 & 10 mg/l. This indicates that water in the study area was hard in nature and it is observed that it lies within the standards. The Total alkalinity found to be 18 & 8 mg/L. These values are within the standard limit but turbidity is (18 &127) above the standard limit. The Existing SR site and Consumer Endwater quality is analysed. As the turbidity is very high and iron content is found to be above the permissible limits.Hence a full scale water treatment plant is proposed to treat the water to reduce the turbidity to bring the other parameters within the standard limits and to give residual chlorine at the consumer end. Soil Analysis The soil characteristics in the project sites are analyzed. The pH indicates that the soils in the study areas are basic in nature, with the pH varying in the range of 5.1 to 7.1. The Electrical Conductivity was observed in the range of 0.045-0.038mS/cm. The Nitrogen values are in the range of 124 – 129 mg/kg indicating that soils have high Nitrogen levels. The Phosphorous values are in the range of 38 – 46 mg/kg indicating that soils have an average Phosphorous level. The Potassium values range between 9.8 – 9.5 mg/kg, which indicate that the soils have low quantity of Potassium. The soil from the study area shows that they are less fertile. Biological Environment Terrestrial Animal Ecology The dominant groups are spiders, Theylphonus and Galeodes. Among vertebrates, field rats, Mabuya and Calotes are common. None of them belong to the rare or endangered species. vi PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Terrestrial plant Ecology The main cultivated crops are paddy, banana tree etc., the uncultivated lands are covered by a massive growth of species such as Rubber, partheniumhystopharus, Annona squamosa, Musa paradisiacal and some Herbaceous plants like Tephrosiasps., Tephrosiapurpurea etc., Kanyakumari District accounts for more than 95% of the production of natural rubber in the state of Tamil Nadu. Socio Economic studies The total present population of the study area is about 246753. The project area is about 1672 sq.km. The literacy level of the above area is about 91.96%. The entire project area have been provided with electricity and well connected by road. Basic amenities like water supply, transport, telephone, post and telegraph, public health and sanitations facilities, health centers, recreation facilities like cinema, etc., are moderately available to the people. ENVIRONMENTAL IMAPCTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES The impact during the construction and operation phase on land use , topography, surface water, ground water, ambient air quality, noise quality, land environment, traffic, ecology and social aspects have been assessed and management measures have been identified. Impacts will be minimal on account of the proposed mitigation measures. Ambient Air Quality Heavy machineries used for the project will be less, impacts on ambient air quality due to vehicular emissions will be insignificant. It is also to be noted that these impacts are temporary in nature and will have moderate impacts on the settlements along the proposed pipe line alignment. However, to minimize these minor air quality impacts measures such as periodic dust suppression measures to be implemented. No component of the proposed water supply system is a source of air pollution during operation except DG sets which would be operated only during power failures. No impact on Air quality is anticipated along the pumping main. Noise Levels The impact on sensitive areas could be mitigated by staggering the operation of construction equipment and avoiding construction during night times so that the noise vii PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY levels are reduced to the permissible limits. Considering the onsite noise levels, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as ear muffs, etc. to the construction workers are provided. The pump sets/motor noise levels are maintained as per norms, ie 85-90 dB at 1 mtr distance and it is reduced at the boundary of the site. In every location only 2 pump/motor sets are running at a time and the cumulative noise levels are expected to /rise. However in any case of requirement, the staff would be provided with PPEs while entering the pump room. Water Environment No pollution causing activities are proposed in upstream side of the River. However, during construction of the offtake well, care shall be taken to avoid dumping of construction debris, accidental spill of hazardous materials etc. into the River. Further, rain water harvesting have been proposed in all the project sites including the administrative building, control rooms etc in the WTP and SR sites for recharging the ground water sources. The wash water is collected in a back wash water collection sump from which it is pumped into the plant raw water inflow. The Quarters at the Head works will be provided with sanitation facilities and the sewage arising from these units would be disposed through proposed septic tanks. The administration building in the WTP site has existing sanitation facilities and the sewage arising from this facility is disposed through already available septic tank. Air valve is provided at an interval of 500m in all transmission main to prevent leakage. Soil Environment Soil erosion may take place from the pipeline alignments if the soil is not compacted properly after filling the trenches and if the excess soil is left at the site. Pollution would take place to a negligible extent due to spillage of construction material, oil, fuel and grease around the construction sites. Care should be taken to minimize spillages of construction materials. viii PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Water treatment sludge will be dried in sludge drying beds and collected in Sludge pit and later periodically disposed to Dump yard. Water collected from under drain of sludge drying bed will be sent to recirculation sump and then recirculated with raw water. Biological Environment No forest areas, wild life sanctuaries or protected areas are present in the project influence area.No tree cutting is envisaged for laying of transmission lines, but during implementation options would be reviewed and it will be ensured that tree cutting would be minimized if any cutting is required. Further it is proposed to plant around 100 new trees as part of the scheme in the project sites like HW and SR sites. Energy consumption and conservation The total power consumption for the pumping mains and other miscellaneous consumption (lighting etc) is 630kw. The pumps are selected with efficiency level of 75% which is more economic in power consumption. Also the pumps are with 950-1000 rpm selected so as to minimize the power consumption compare to the high rpm pumps. The consumption of electricity for lighting in Head works and WTP is 14 kilo watts for which energy efficient lighting has been proposed. Management of floods In case of any flooding due to heavy rains, any release from the dam would flow through the surplus river course and the head works is located near river bank of Paraliar . Hence no impact is envisaged during floods. Safety measures During construction, all necessary safety measures including barricading, signages, reflective lights, protective gears etc as applicable shall be provided to ensure safety of the labourers and public. During operation, necessary safety measures for the storage and usage of Chlorine gas will be provided. The chlorine gas leak detectors will be provided to identify the leakage for immediate remedial actions. The emergency repair kit, Personal safety kit like full body cover, Oxygen kit for breathing, face mask, body shower and eye washers would be provided. The operating staff shall be given training as required for operation and handling chlorine gas plant. ix PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY All the project sites including head works and service reservoirs are proposed to be provided with compound wall of 3.0m height all around to protect the infrastructure and to ensure safety. Handling of demolished materials The WTP I & II units capacity are 5.68MLD and 7.08 MLD, it was constructed in 1941 &1978at krishankovil. Due to leakage of Pipeline and damage of existing structure, the project envisages demolition of existing structures related to WTP units I & II. in this project. In this proposal, the first step to be enhances the existing WTP III 12 MLD to 18 MLD. The inlet of WTP I & II to be connected in WTP III, after demolition of existing WTP units I & II. During demolition of structure, care shall be taken to avoid dust and to dump the scraps of materials in the site. Use personal protective equipment (PPE) during demolition work. Inspect all stairs, passageways and ladders, illuminate all stairways. Screen is providing for surrounding area for avoiding dust pollution. The demolition of the existing treatment units would be carried out by cordoning the area from trespass and to control dust. Efficient housekeeping would be practiced during demolition and handling of waste. The demolition waste shall be disposed in line as per C&D waste management rules 2016. Social Impact Assessment This project doesn’t involve acquisition of private land and all the sites required for this project is free from encroachment, squatters, hawkers, hence this is falls under the social category of S3 as per para 24, Table-7 of ESMF. However, if any impacts identified during the implementation of the project, such impacts will be mitigated/compensated as per the ESMF policy provisions. And all the sites required for this project will be under possession of TWAD Board prior to award of contracts. Training of operation staff Periodical training would be provided to the staffs and operators involved in the project O&M for chemical handling, emergency, SCADA O&M, line maintenance, valve operations, electrical & mechanical operations, cleaning of sumps and SRs. x PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Environmental Management Plan for Pre-Construction Phase Environmental Management Plan (EMP) during Pre – Construction, Construction and operation phase is given Sl. Potential Mitigation Measures Time frame Responsible No. Negative agencies Impacts Pre- Construction 1 Clearances All clearance required during construction will be ensured and made Before start TWAD available before start of work. Permissions will be obtained from the of concerned authority. construction 2 Tree cutting Construction activity to be done without Tree cutting activity if any, During TWAD Compensatory plantation will be 10 times to the number of trees being cut. construction 3 Utility Identify the common utilities to be affected such as: telephone cables, Before start of TWAD Board Relocation electric cables, electric poles, water pipelines, public water taps etc. construction / Contractor Affected utilities will be relocated with prior approval of the concerned agencies before construction starts 4 Permissions State High ways, National High Ways, other district highways, and Railway Before start of TWAD from other crossing for which permission was applied for a length of approximately construction departments 62 km.PWD approval for the withdrawal of 52.04MLD and pipe carrying bridge for river crossing will be constructed at three locations for a length of 40m, 20m, 30m & 60m. 5 Design Criteria All the units of Head Works, treatment plant, Sump, and Pump Rooms will Before start of TWAD be designed in such a way that it can withstand maximum load and without construction compromising performance. The design will take into consideration all the measures identified. xi PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY During Construction 1 Baseline Adequate measures will be taken and checked to control the Baseline During TWAD/Contr parameters parameters of Air, Water and Noise pollution. Base line parameters Construction actor recorded will be used for monitoring and conformance be ensured. 2 Planning of The activities are limited to the project sites and right of way. During During TWAD/Contr temporary execution of works, as per the need in the site, necessary permissions for construction actor traffic temporary diversion will be obtained. Signages and safety measures arrangements including flagmen are provided at the site. 3 Storage of The contractor will identify site for temporary use of land for Before start of Contractor/ materials construction sites / storage of construction materials, etc. construction TWAD 4 Construction i) Contractor will follow all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 During Contractor of labour and the Building and the other Construction Workers (Regulation of construction camps Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 for construction and maintenance of labour camp). ii) The location, layout and basic facility provision of each labour camp will be submitted to Engineer prior to their construction. The construction will commence only upon the written approval of the Engineer. The contractor will maintain necessary living accommodation and ancillary facilities in functional and hygienic manner and as approved by the Engineer. All temporary accommodation must be constructed and maintained in such a fashion that uncontaminated water is available for drinking, cooking and washing. In case of women labourers, exclusive bathing and toilet facilities shall be provided. The sewage system for the camp must be planned and safely disposed. Necessary arrangement shall be made for collection of solid wastes and xii PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY disposal shall be in co-ordination with the municipality. Adequate health care is to be provided for the work force. The layout of the construction camp and details of the facilities provided will be prepared and will be approved by the Engineer. Awareness about HIV/AIDS will be provided, grievance redressal mechanism for the camps, [only suggestion] 5 Safety Aspects Adequate precautions will be taken to prevent the accidents and from the During Contractor machineries. All machines used will conform to the relevant Indian construction standards Code and will be regularly inspected by the TWAD. Where loose soil is met with, shoring and strutting will be provided to avoid collapse of soil. Barricading of construction site / manholes at all times in a day with adequate signage. Protective footwear and protective goggles to all workers employed on mixing of materials like cement, concrete etc. Welder’s protective eye-shields will be provided to workers’ who are engaged in welding works. Earplugs will be provided to workers exposed to loud noise, and workers working in crushing, compaction, or concrete mixing operation The contractor will supply all necessary safety appliances such as safety goggles, helmets, safety belts, ear plugs, mask etc to workers and staffs. The contractor will comply with all the precautions as required for ensuring the safety of the workmen as per the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No.62 as far as those are applicable to this contract. The contractor will make sure that during the construction work all xiii PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and other Construction Workers (regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, 1996 and adhered to. The contractor will not employ any person below the age of 18 years for any work and no woman will be employed on the work of painting with products containing lead in any form. 6 Disposal of A suitable site identified for safe disposal, in low lying areas within the Pre- Contractor / construction project area, away from the water bodies as approved by the Engineer in construction TWAD debris and charge and to other low lying area in consultation with engineer and excavated concerned and local body. Construction materials 7 Barricading The activities would be restricted to project sites and right of way for During Contractor site alignment. Barricading with adequate marking, flags, reflectors etc. will be construction provided along the alignment for safety of restricted traffic movement and pedestrians. 8 Clearing of Contractor to prepare site restoration plans, the plan is to be implemented After Contractor construction by the contractor prior to demobilization completion of camps and On completion of the works, all temporary structures will be cleared Construction restoration away, all rubbish cleared, excreta or other disposal pits or trenches filled in and effectively sealed off and the site left clean and tidy, at the contractor’s expenses, to the entire satisfaction of the engineer. 9 Pollution from The contractor will ensure that all construction vehicle parking location, During Contractor Fuel and fuel / lubricants storage sites, vehicle, machinery and equipment Construction Lubricants maintenance and refuelling sites will be located at least 500m from rivers and irrigation canal / ponds All location and layout plans of such sites will be submitted by the Contractor prior to their establishment and will be approved by the xiv PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Engineer Contractor will ensure that all vehicle / machinery and equipment operation, maintenance and refuelling will be carried out in such a fashion that spillage of fuels and lubricants does not contaminate the ground. Contractor will arrange for collection, storing and disposal of oily wastes to the pre-identified disposal sites (list to be submitted to Engineer) and approved by the Engineer. All spills and collected petroleum products will be disposed off in accordance with MoEF and state PCB guidelines. 10 Pollution from All waste arising from the project is to be disposed off in the manner in During Contractor Construction consultation with TWAD Engineer Construction Wastes 11 Storage of Site identified for safe storage and handling of chemicals and other During Contractor chemicals and hazardous materials provided with proper display of requirements and Construction other marking as protected area. hazardous materials 12 Informatory The contractor will provide, erect and maintain informatory/ safety signs During Contractor signs and hoardings written in English and local language, wherever required or as Construction Hoardings suggested by the Engineer 13 First Aid The contractor will arrange for: During Contractor A readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized Construction dressing materials and appliances as per the Factories Rules in every work zone. Availability of suitable transport at all times to take injured or sick person(s) to the nearest hospital 14 Risk from The contractor will take all required precautions to prevent danger from During Contractor Electrical electrical equipment and ensure that- Construction xv PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Equipments No material will be so stacked or placed as to cause danger or inconvenience to any person or the public All necessary fencing and lights will be provided to protect the public in construction zones. All machines to be used in the construction will conform to the relevant Indian Standard (IS) codes, will be free from patent defect, will be kept in good working order, will be regularly inspected and properly maintained as per IS provision and to the satisfaction of the Engineer 15 Waste The contractor will provide garbage bins in the camps and ensure that During Contractor Disposal these are regularly emptied and disposed off in a hygienic manner as per construction the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan approved by the Engineer. Unless otherwise arranged by local sanitary authority, arrangements for disposal of night soils (human excreta) suitably approved by the local medical health or municipal authorities or as directed by Engineer will have to be provided by the contractor 16 Environmental The water, air, soil and noise quality will be monitored in pre-construction Pre- TWAD Monitoring and Construction phase as detailed in Table 6.2 in EIA Report. construction &Contractor. &Construction 17 First Aid The contractor will arrange for: During Contractor A readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized construction dressing materials and appliances as per the Factories Rules in every work zone. Availability of suitable transport at all times to take injured or sick person(s) to the nearest hospital xvi PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 18 Rainwater Rainwater harvesting arrangements shall be provided in WTP, and Sump Construction Contractor harvesting for collecting and storing rainwater from rooftops and recharging ground Phase and TWAD water through pits. 19 Protection of Compound wall of 3.0 m height shall be provided at Headworks and Construction Contractor sites service reservoirs except Krishnankovil, for protection. WTP Plant and Phase and TWAD krishnancovil reservoir already provided 3.0m Height. 20 Accessibility to Adequate road facilities have been provided in WTP for movement of Construction Contractor sites vehicle and unloading of chemicals without disturbing of existing features Phase and TWAD and activities. OHTs are strategically located to have direct access and without disturbing existing structures in the identified site. 21 Demolition of Complete augmentation of the WTP III and connect the inlet of WTP I & II Construction Contractor existing to WTP III prior to start of demolition of WTP I & II. Phase and TWAD structures During demolition of structure WTP I & II, care shall be taken to avoid related to WTP dust and to dump the scraps of materials in the site. units I & II AT Use personal protective equipment (PPE) during demolition work. Inspect krishankovil all stairs, passageways and ladders, illuminate all stairways. Screen is WTP Site providing for surrounding area for avoiding dust pollution. The demolition of the existing treatment units would be carried out by cordoning the area from trespass and to control dust. Efficient housekeeping would be practiced during demolition and handling of waste. The demolition waste shall be handled in line as per C&D waste management rules 2016. Head Works / WTP/ ESR 1 Protection of Top soil from the Head works area will be stored in stock piles and that can During Contractor top soil & be used for gardening purposes at Head works site which will be an construction Environmental environmental enhancing measure enhancing xvii PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 2 Construction Coffer dams will be provided for construction of head work without any During Contractor/ of Head work disturbance of river water flow. construction TWAD/ After completion of work, the coffer dam and other construction debris will PWD be removed, and river bed would be restored. 3 Water Adequate road facility has been provided inside of treatment plant for During TWAD / treatment movement vehicles and heavy vehicles for unloading of chemical. construction Contractor. plant Rain water harvesting will be provided for recharging of ground water through pit. Display boards on safety measures and emergency measures to be installed. Regular training for the staffs operating the units of WTP with various aspects of maintaining water quality and safety. Providing equipments like ear plugs to workers near the noise source. Adequate stack height is given in D.G Set as per CPCB norms. 4 Downstream Ensure that the flow stream is not obstructed during construction of coffer During Contractor users (impacts dam as directed by Engineer in charge so that there is no impact on the construction arising due to downstream users. coffer dams, etc.) 5 Permissions Permissions from Southern Railways, National and state Highways, TNPWD, During TWAD from other and Revenue Department etc., will be obtained. implementati departments on 6 Restoring river Ensure the restoring of river bed to its natural shape free from any debris or Prospective construction bed / water construction junk material that may obstruct the flow. contractor and source operation 7 Disposal of The contractor shall identify the sites for debris disposal and should be Pre- Contractor/ construction finalized prior to start of the earthworks; taking into account the following construction TWAD/ debris and and operation. Nagercoil xviii PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY excavated (a) The dumping does not impact natural drainage courses Municipality materials. (b) no endangered / rare flora is impacted by such dumping (c) Settlement area located at least 1.0 km away from the site. (d) Should be located in non residential areas located in the down wind side (e) located at least 100m from the designated forest land. (f) avoid disposal on productive land. (g) should be located with the consensus of the local community, in consultation with the engineer and upon approval by the local body. Minimize the construction debris by balancing the cut and fill requirements. Wherever feasible, the construction debris shall be provided for reuse. 7 Tree The project does not envisage tree cutting in any of the project sites or During TWAD / plantation alignment. However, as an enhancement measure, trees will be grown in the construction Contractor head work and SR sites etc. Proposed list of trees is given in Table 5.1 of the EIA report. Safety in Sites 8 Additional The structures will be provided with easy access ladders, and handrails, During Contractor. safety interconnections between all units with proper safe walkway platforms for construction measures movement to avoid falling of human and materials. Electrical cables are going to be laid in cable trenches. Open spaces at height will be covered with parapet walls and handrails. Construction of Pumping Mains /Transmission Mains 1 Protection of The top soil to be protected and compacted after completion of work, where During Contractor top soil the pipelines run. construction 2 Laying of Adequate precautions will be taken while laying the water supply mains to During TWAD/ pipeline avoid the possibility of cross connection with sewer drains. construction Contractor Surge protection arrangements have been provided in the clear water main at three locations in order to avoid line bursts to prevent wastage. xix PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Air valve is provided at an interval of 500m in all transmission main to prevent leakage. Utilities like street light etc. will be relocated without disturbing existing power lines and obtaining prior permission from concerned department. In the event of any damaged pipes found in the distribution system it will be disposed to TSDF approved by TNPCB. Pipe carrying bridges: Necessary Flow Diversion arrangement will be provided for construction of Pipe carrying bridges without any disturbance of river water flow. After completion of work, the flow diversion will be removed, and river bed would be restored. 3 Shifting of Ensure community consensus and minimum impact to common utilities like Pre- Concerned common telephone cable, electric cables, electric poles, water taps and etc., Proper construction departments utilities clearance to be obtained from the concerned authorities before & / TWAD commencement of works. construction phase 4 Traffic Before taking up of construction activity, a Traffic Control Plan will be During TWAD / diversion devised and implemented to the satisfaction of the Engineer. construction Contractor Construction will be taken phase-wise so that sections are available for traffic Temporary diversion will be provided with the approval of the engineer. The Detailed traffic management plans prepared and submitted to the engineers for approval one week prior to commencement of works will contain details of temporary diversion, details of arrangements for construction under traffic, details of traffic arrangement after cessation of work each day, SIGNAGES, safety measures for transport of hazardous materials and arrangements of flagmen. xx PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY The arrangement for the temporary diversion of the land will ensure to minimize the environmental impacts like loss of vegetation, productive lands etc., prior to the finalization of diversion and detours. Special consideration will be given to the preparation of the traffic control plan for safety of pedestrians and workers at night. The contractor will ensure that the diversion/detour is always maintained in running condition, particularly during the monsoon to avoid disruption to traffic flow. He will inform local community of changes to traffic routes, conditions and pedestrians access arrangements. This plan will be periodically reviewed with respect to site conditions. The temporary traffic detour will be kept free of dust by frequent application of water. 5 Temporary Excavationduring the laying of mains should be carried out withproper During TWAD / flooding due to drainage arrangements to avoid the overflowing of existing drains. construction Contractor excavation 6 Using of Using of modern machineries such as JCBs, backhoes etc, will be used to During Contractor modern minimize the construction period, it will reduce the construction period construction machineries impacts to the nearby residents 7 Dust pollution All earth work will be protected in manner acceptable to the engineer to During Contractor near minimize generation of dust. Area under construction will be covered & construction settlements equipped will dust collector. Construction material will be covered or stored in such a manner so as to avoid being affected by wind direction. Unpaved haul roads near / passing through residential and commercial areas to be watered thrice a day Trucks carrying construction material to be adequately covered to avoid the dust pollution and to avoid the material spillage xxi PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 8 Protection of Noisy construction operations in residential and sensitive areas will be During Contractor residential done only between 7.30 am and 6.00 pm construction sensitive Preventive maintenance of construction equipment and vehicles to meet receptors emission standards and to keep them with low noise Provision of enclosing generators and concrete mixers at site. Sound barriers in inhabited areas will be installed during the construction phase. Adequate barricading / other measures to protect dust pollution near sensitive receptors like schools and hospital etc. to be ensured 9 Vehicular Idling of temporary trucks or other equipment should not be permitted During Contractor noise pollution during periods of loading / unloading or when they are not in active use. construction at residential / The practice must be ensured especially near residential / commercial / sensitive sensitive areas. receptors Stationary construction equipment will be kept at least 500 m away from sensitive receptors. All possible and practical measures to control noise emissions during drilling will be employed. The TWAD may direct to take adequate controls measures depending on site conditions. 10 Noise from Servicing of all construction vehicles and machinery will be done regularly During Contractor vehicles, and during routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust construction plants and silencers will be checked and if found defective will be replaced. equipments Maintenance of vehicles, equipment and machinery will be regular and up to the satisfaction of the Engineer to keep noise levels at the minimum. 11 Storage of Site for storage of pipes and construction materials to be identified, without During Contractor construction affecting the traffic and other common utilities construction materials xxii PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 12 Pollution from The Contra will take all precautionary measures to prevent the wastewater During Contractor Construction generated during construction (e.g., during the testing of pipeline) from construction wastes entering into streams, water bodies. 13 Environmental EHS guidelines of World Bank will be complied with during construction. During Contractor Health and construction Safety. and post- construction IN OPERATION PHASE 1 Noise The pumps will adhere to the standards of noise. Regular maintenance will During Contractor/ Management be carried out to restrict the noise levels. operation TWAD Provided noise control measures and Staffs entering the pump room will be provided with PPEs. Noise monitoring will be carried out at WTP and Head Works periodically near the noise generating units like the pump operations and D.G.Sets. Green belt is provided in WTP and SR sites for reduction of noise level. 2 Water Control valves would be provided in the inlet of sump and service During TWAD/ Management reservoirs to control the flow. It can be used to stop the flow until the operation Contractor leakage is rectified. Water meters at pumping stations are used to measure and monitor the flow. In this project, monitoring and controlling the flow in the system will be done with flow control valve with the help of SCADA system. The backwash water is collected in the recycle sump and re-circulated with raw water. Drained Water collected from sludge drying bed will be re-circulated with raw water. xxiii PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY SCADA system will be provided for monitoring the water treatment plant. The details on SCADA system is given in Chapter 5.2.4 in EIA report. 3 Soil The dry sludge from the treatment plant will be stored in sludge pit and During Contractor/T Management utilized for filing in low laying area in consultation with the Engineer. operation WAD 4 Air Automatic chlorine leak detection and related alarm equipment to be During Contractor/T Management installed at chlorine storage room in WTP. It is connected to a remote operation WAD audible and visual alarm system and checked on a regular basis to verify proper operation. Separate storage room provided for full, partial, or empty chlorine cylinders. Diesel generators will be operated only for emergency power backup. The emission source diesel generators will have adequate stack height as per the norms of CPCB and regular maintenance of diesel engines has to be ensured in the Treatment Plant. 5 Transportation Guidelines and procedures in Motor vehicle Act 1986 for transportation; During Contractor and storage of Manufacture, Storage and import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules 1989 to be operation hazardous followed for storage and handling of Hazardous chemicals: Insurance covers chemicals to be taken for accidents and cost of clean-up operations. 6 Handling of The unit will be provided necessary safety measures for the storage of Alum During Contractor Chemicals &Chlorine cylinders and provide emergency repair kit and personal safety operation kit like full body cover, face mask, body and eye shower etc. at the site. Eye showers will be provided in WTP. The unit will install Chlorine gas leak detector system (Chlorine Gas Sensor) at the site. 7 Environmental The water, air noise and soil quality will be monitored periodically. During TWAD & Monitoring The water quality will be monitored at various points prior to distribution – operation Contractor. head work, treatment plant, sump, SR sites. xxiv PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Monitoring of noise levels will be carried out at head work, WTP and Sump. Detailed monitoring record will be maintained. Periodical report will be send to the Engineer. The frequency and parameters for Environmental Monitoring detail is given in Table 6.3 of the EIA report. 8 Other Providing equipments like ear plugs to workers near the noise source. During TWAD & Management Providing PPEs for safe working of personnel in critical areas like operation Contractor measures at chlorination plant will be ensured. Sites Display boards on safety measures and emergency measures to be installed. Regular training for the staffs operating the Head Works with various aspects of maintaining water quality and safety in operation maintenance and chemical handling. PPEs for the workers exposed to high noise. Regular maintenance of the greenbelt and landscaping made at the project sites with watering, manuring, pruning etc. 9. Online Installation of SCADA System for online monitoring at the Head works, WTP Operation TWAD/Contr Monitoring sump, Service Reservoirs gathering the real time data from remote Phase actor System locations. The detail of SCADA is given in Chapter 5.3.7 in EIA report.. through SCADA 10 Training for Periodical training would be provided to the staffs and operators involved During TWAD / staff in the project O&M for chemical handling, emergency, SCADA O&M, line Operation Contractor. maintenance, valve operations, electrical & mechanical operations, cleaning of sump and SRs. xxv PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 11 O&M Measures Rain water harvesting structures, sludge drying pits, Sump and WTP units During Contractor/T shall be cleaned periodically. Operation WAD Periodically inspection of Pump/motor, Wear ring, impeller and lubrication, alarm systems. Repair and renewal of Mechanical & electrical equipments, civil works etc., 12 Water The backwash water is collected in the recycle sump and re-circulated with During Contractor/T Treatment raw water. Operation WAD Plant On-line monitoring through SCADA is proposed which would prevent overflow and wastage water. Dried Sludge will be stored in sludge pit and utilized for filing in low laying area. 13 Disposal of The sludge from the treatment plant after drying in the sludge drying bed During Contractor/T sludge shall be disposed in the pit constructed within the site. Operation WAD xxvi PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY EMP COST S.No Management Group Description Cost Estimate Reference measure Code 1. Tree plantation A 1000 trees at Rs.1,09,600/= Included in cost Rs100/tree and estimate tree guard at Rs. 800 for 1000 trees. A Maintenance Included in above arrangement with cost watering 2 Removal of A Construction and Included in BOQ Included in BOQ coffer dam in removal of Offtake works Cofferdam for and restoration construction of of river bed Offtake structures. 3 Barricading A Included in BOQ Included in BOQ trenches 4 Recirculation A Included in Included in BOQ Included in BOQ arrangements, specifications under Sludge drying Sludge bed and sludge pit 6 Disposal of B Rs.2500/trip/tipper Rs.60,000/ Required from sludge /5tonnes/month Annum operation stage 7 Chlorine Leak A - - Included in Detection/Alarm Technical eye showers Specification for Mask Chlorinators with Cylinder 8 Construction of A Head works, 10 SRs Included in BOQ Included in BOQ Compound wall with 3 mtrs height. 9 Septic Tank and A At Headworks, WTP Included in BOQ Pipe connection sites and SR sites works to existing sewerage 10 Rain water Included in BOQ Harvesting Structures xxvii PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 11 Energy Efficient A Lighting fixtures in Included in BOQ Included in BOQ Lighting project sites 12 Disposal of A Included in BOQ excavated excess earth and construction debris 13 Environmental B Noise Rs.30,000/Annum Required from Monitoring operation stage B Raw Water quality Rs.4000/ annum Required from (Seasonal) operation stage B Clear Water quality Rs.60,000/ Required from – Minimum 5 annum. operation stage locations Monthly testing (Rs.1000/test) B Sludge – 1 location Rs.12000/annum Required from Monthly operation stage (Rs.1000/test) 10 PPEs for O&M C Included in BOQ for Rs.25000/annum Required after 5 O&M Period years of O&M 11 Safety Training C Included in BOQ for Rs.20000/annum Required after 1 1 year of O&M after completion year of O&M of O&M TOTAL (A) – During Construction Rs.1,09, 600 TOTAL (B) – Yearly recurring cost from operation Rs.1,66,000 stage TOTAL (B + C) – Yearly cost after completion of Rs.2,11,000 contractor’s O&M PUBLIC CONSULTATION The Public Hearing was arranged by TWAD Board officials at beneficiary Municipality.Information on Public Consultation were informed explicitly to the stake holders/beneficiaries concerned in the municipality notifying the date and time in newspapers, pamphlets, issuing notices door to door and keeping displays xxviii PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY etc,. The consultation was carried out in the Nagercoil Municipality office on 05.05.17. Out Come of Public Consultation It was evident from the public consultation that the people are eagerly awaiting for the early implementation of the project. The public also expressed their grievances on present water scarcity and assured complete support during the implementation of this much awaited water supply scheme in Nagarcoil Municipality. IMPLEMENTATION AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS This project will be implemented on by TWAD under the scheme of Tamil Nadu Sustainable Urban Development Project (TNSUDP). The proposed project involves engagement of prospective contractors during construction and operation phases. The management measures identified for contractor will be included in the bid document. Implementation of the management measures by the contractor will be ensured by TWAD Board and report on ESMF compliance will be submitted to TNUIFSL periodically along with progress report. GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL MECHANISM: The TWAD Board will have Grievance Redressal mechanisms to handle the grievances of the project. A project level grievance Redressal committee will be set up and the members are as follows (preferably one of them as women) 1. Executive Engineer (Projects –TWAD Board) 2. Commissioner /Nagercoil Municipality 3. A person who is publicly known in the local area. PROJECT BENEFITS The existing sources three water supply schemes (Mukkadal Dam and Ananthanar Channel) of Nagercoil Municipality are inadequate to draw the additional requirement.At present the level of supply of water to Nagercoil Municipality is 85 lpcd and supply once in five days. Considering the Population growth and as per present norms, it has been proposed to step up the service level from 90 lpcd to 135 lpcd taking into account of proposed UGSS in Nagercoil Municipality. The proposed project is an innovative and demand-driven approach to improve the water supply in the study area. Hence the implementation of this project will definitely assure improved access to water in the water scarce area. xxix PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Profile of Study area Kanyakumari District is named after the goddess ‘KANYAKUMARI’. The district lies at the southernmost tip of the Indian peninsula, where Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal confluence. Kanyakumari District is located geographically at 80 10’ North latitude and 770 25’ East longitudes. Kanyakumari District spreads over an area of 1694 Sq. Kilometres. It occupies 1.29% of the total extent of Tamil Nadu. It ranks first in literacy among other districts in Tamil Nadu. Unlike other district in Tamil Nadu, it has a rainfall both during the South West and the North East monsoons. Nagercoil is a Special Grade Municipality and the headquarters of Kanyakumari District. It lies at a distance of 20 KM from Kanyakumari. It is located at a latitude of 8010'47" N and longitude of 77'21'50" E. The town, at present including the extended areas has got an area of about 49.10 sq km. The population as per 2011 census after merger of four nearby Village Panchayats (1.Kariamonickapuram, 2.Gandhipuram, 3.NorthSoorankudy, 4.Peruvilai) and one Town Panchayat. (Asaripallam) is 246753. The main occupation of the people is agriculture. The average annual rainfall is 1045 mm. The total road length is 502.78 km including added areas. A new UGSS Scheme is under progress for this Municipality. 1.2 Existing water supply Nagercoil Municipality: The following three water supply schemes are now functioning with Mukkadal Dam and Ananthanar channel other than the bore wells as source. I. Water supply schemes executed by Travancore Cochin State during 1941. The Scheme was designed for 7.08 mld and 96 km D’System laid. II. 1st Improvement scheme executed by TWAD during 1978. x The improvement scheme was carried out for 13.5 mld and 35.90 km D’system laid.Work carried out under deposit scheme by Municipality 1 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY x 5Nos. of Borewell provided by the Municipality for the areas MelaSoorangudi, Maravankudieruppu and Punnainagar. III. 2nd Improvement scheme executed by TWAD during 2002. Improvement Scheme was carried for 90 lpcd for a daily requirement of 30.5 mld. 1.3 Need for the Proposal At present the level of supply of water to Nagercoil Municipality is 85 lpcd and with a supply once in five days. UGS Schemes has been sanctioned for Nagercoil Municipality and is under progress. Therefore prorate level of water supply has to be increased from 90 lpcd to 135 lpcd. In order to enhance the level of supply to 135 lpcd to urban local bodies, it is necessitated to formulate this proposal. The existing sources (Mukkadal Dam and Ananthanar Channel) of Nagercoil Municipality are inadequate to draw the additional requirement. Hence it is proposed to provide water supply improvement scheme to Nagercoil municipality in Kanyakumari district with River Paraliar (Puthen Dam) as source. The Nagercoil Municipality has decided to implement WSIS to Nagercoil Municipality in resolution No 41/dated 03.02.2011 and No.3632 dated.29.11.2013. The Managing Director, TWAD Board, Chennai has given permission to take up the investigation works in letter no .F.241111/AE-8/PM/2013-1/ dt.13.2.2013. 1.4 Scope of the Proposal Considering the increasing demand of water supply of Nagercoil municipality as per the standards prescribed for the present and future year requirements, the water supply improvement scheme has been formulated. The Table below indicates the water required for various design periods. The present supply is inadequate ie 85 lpcd which is distributed once in 5 days. This Project is to be implemented under World bank assisted Tamilnadu Sustainable Urban Development Project (TNSUDP). 2 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Figure 1. 1Location Map of Nagercoil Municipality 3 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Table1.1: Water requirements for various design periods for the proposal Intermediate Ultimate S.NO Description Base year 2017 2032 2047 1 Population 2,80,000 3,20,000 3,90,000 2 Pro rate in lpcd 135 135 135 3 Requirement in MLD 36.45 43.20 52.65 4 Total requirement in MLD 37.80 43.20 52.65 5 Existing Supply in MLD (-) 7.60 (-) 7.60 (-) 7.60 6 Net requirement in MLD 30.20 35.60 45.05 Transmission Loss @ 7 3.02 3.56 4.51 10%in MLD 8 Total in MLD 33.22 39.16 49.56 Treatment loss @5% in 9 1.66 1.96 2.48 MLD Total raw water 10 34.88 41.12 52.04 Requirement in MLD 1.5 Categorisation of Project The proposed project is classified as Environmental Categorisation as E1 (water treatment plant, water supply augmentation with new source/ head work/intake works). Hence this project requires detailed Environmental Impact Assessment and preparation of management measures.Social Categorisation of Projects, the number of PAPs in this project is nil, hence this project can be categorized under S-3 category. TNUIFSL is promoting the following principles of Environmental & Social sustainable infrastructure projects. The TWAD board implementing comprehensive water supply schemes and follow the TNUIFSL principles. a) Environmental sustainability by minimizing release of polluting wastes, ensuring quality life in urban environment, conserving natural resources, preserving bio-diversity and ecological equilibrium; and integrating mechanisms within projects to maintain and enhance environmental quality of project locations. b) Social relevance by 4 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY ¾ Addressing legitimate concerns of relevant stakeholders, especially project affected persons irrespective of their legal rights. ¾ Avoiding or minimizing resettlement and rehabilitation due to land acquisition and transfer of government land under different tenure system through appropriate technical and management measures. ¾ Ensuring appropriate resettlement and rehabilitation of project affected persons irrespective of legal status with a view to providesustainable livelihood options that enable the affected people to improve or at least restore their standard of living in the post impact period. ¾ Protecting marginalized and vulnerable groups, including the economically and socially disadvantaged people through additional support and ¾ Minimizing health and safety hazards. 1.6Structure of the Report The structure of the EIA report is given below: Chapter 1 – Introduction Chapter 2 – Project Description Chapter 3 – Environmental Regulatory Framework Chapter 4 – Baseline Environmental Profile Chapter 5 – Environmental Impact Analysis Chapter 6 – Environmental Management Plan Chapter 7 – Public Consultation Chapter 8 –Implementation and Institutional Arrangements Chapter 9 – Project Benefits Chapter10 –Conclusion 5 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Introduction Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board have proposed to supply water from Paraliar River to Nagercoil Municipality throughout the day. At present the level of supply of water to Nagercoil Municipality is 85 lpcd and supply is once in five days. This project has proposed to increase the service level of water from 90 lpcd to 135 lpcd inNagercoil Municipality. The proposed project involves the construction of offtake well in Paraliyar River near Puthan Dam. The water quality is found to be good and potable; it is then treated in water treatment plant at Krishnankovil to make it more acceptable and specific to end use like drinking etc., The treated water is taken to Service reservoirs of 23 nos (12 Existing and 11 Proposed) through distribution networks connecting them. The Structure of intake well, location of the offtake well, WSIS Flow diagram of Nagarcoil Municipality and are given in Figure 2.1 2.2,and 2.3respectively. Salient details of the project components are given below: x Head works – For drawal of 52.04 MLD (ultimate) from Paraliar river x Raw Water Pumping main for a length of 31.85 km x Water Treatment Plant to treat water 41.12 MLD (intermediate requirement) at existing WTP site in Krishnancoil – 2 units (demolishing and reconstructing) 1 unit – Augmentation- 1unit x Clear Water Pumping Main I, II, IIIs for a total length of 31.006 km x Pipe carrying bridgesof length 40m, 20m, 30m & 60m. x Proposed Service Reservoirs – 11 Nos. x Connecting to Existing SRs (12 nos) and proposed SRs (11 nos) x Distribution system – 430.612 km x HSC – 85000 NOS. x SCADA – To monitor entire scheme for effective functioning. 6 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Head Works At Upstream of Puthendam. Raw water intake Intermediate stage (2032) – 41.12 MLD Ultimate stage (2047) – 52.04 MLD Off take well 8.0m dia. and scheme7.0m Source depth Over head pump room 12.0 m dia. 115 HP Turbine pump set Pump set 14899 lpm x 26 m head - 2 +1 Nos. (50% Stand bye). 914 mm x 8 mm MS pipe – 20.190 Km Raw water pumping main 813 mm x 8 mm MS pipe – 11.660 Km Treatment Plant @ Krishnancoil 1) Enhancement of WTP unit III 13.42 MLD to 18.00 mld using Dual Media 18.00 MLD Filters 2) Construction of Full scale Water Treatment Plant using Tube settlers and 41.12 MLD Dual Media Filters after demolishing existing WTP units I and II Clear Water Pumping mains and Pump sets Clear Water Pumping Main I 9956 m 145 HP Turbine pump set – Clear Water Pump set 9961 lpm x 49 m head ( 1+1 No) Clear Water Pumping Main II 10440 m 145 HP Turbine pump set – Clear Water Pump set 11263 lpm x 44 m head ( 1+1 No) Clear Water Pumping Main II1 10510 m 150 HP Turbine pump set – Clear Water Pump set 8886 lpm x 57 m head ( 1+1 No) Clear Water Gravity Main 100 m Existing -12 Nos. Service reservoirs Proposed -11 Nos. Distribution system 420.612 Kms. House service connections 85000 Nos. 2.2 Cost Details The total cost of the project is Rs. 251.43 Crores. The base cost/ initial cost of the project is estimated around Rs.186.21 Crores. The annual maintenance cost is about Rs 19.17 Crores. The detailed project cost detailed given in Table 2.1. 7 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Table 2.1: General Abstract Amount Sl.No. Description (Rs. in Crores) 1 Head works at Puthen Dam 6.92 2 Raw water pumping main 54.40 3 Water Treatment Plant at Krishnancoil 12.29 4 Clear water Pumping mains and Branch mains 16.28 5 Clear water Pump sets 2.81 6 Service Reservoirs 10.00 7 Distribution System & HSC - 85,000 Nos. 79.50 8 SCADA arrangements 4.01 I SUB TOTAL (Base Cost) 186.21 Ii Contingencies &Unforessen items at about 2.5% 4.30 Iii Centage 5 % 9.31 Iv Price escalation @ 5% for the I year 9.31 V Price escalation @ 5% for the II year for 70% of I year 6.52 Vi Labour welfare fund @ 1% 1.86 Vii Provision for third party proof checking @ 0.15% 0.28 Viii DPR preparation charges @ 0.5% 0.93 Ix Third party Materials testing charges @ 0.23% 0.19 X TWAD Lab testing charges of materials 0.08 Road Restoration charges and Railway crossing Xi 13.27 charges including 1% service charges Xii Maintenance for 5 years (Base year cost ) 19.17 251.43 GRAND TOTAL (RUPEES TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY ONE CRORES AND FORTY THREE LAKHS ONLY) 2.3 Project Components 2.3.1 Head Works It is proposed to tap 52.04 MLD of surface water from river Paraliyar by constructing 8m dia. Off-take well on the upstream side of Puthen Dam. 8 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Figure 2.1: Structure of offtake well Off-take well cum pump house MFL = 76.50m G.L. = 70.98m F.V.L. = 64.98m L.S.W.L. = 67.98m Based on the remarks pointed out in the Regional Technical Committee meeting held at Madurai on 26.06.2013, raw water sample was taken at the proposed source point on 27.06.2013 and the water sample was analyzed in TWAD Board, Water 9 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY WSIS TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY HEAD WORKS LOCATION Off take well cum pump room PUTHEN DAM Figure 2.2-Location of Head work WSIS TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY FLOW DIAGRAM Off take well @ U/s of Puthen Dam Dia. : 8.00 m Depth : 7.00 m GL : 70.980 FVL : 64.980 115 HP Turbine Pump set – 14899 lpm x 26 m -2+1 Nos. Ridge point LS 4800 29797 / 37710 GL 31.22 GL : 84.85 LS 20190 813mm x 8mm MS 914mm x 8mm MS LS 1050 LS 9525 LS 31850 WTP @ Krishnancoil(E) WTP @ Krishnancoil(P) Ananthanar Channel Cap :13.42 MLD Cap : 41.12 MLD Enhancement to 18.00 MLD GL : 39.580m LS 0 GL : 38.200m Aerator Tip (MWL) 45.75m LS 0 LS 2745 Clear Water Sump Mukkadal dam BPT @ Marthal Cap : 0.70 LL Clear water Gravity main 19.70 LL Clear water Pumping mains III GL : 52.540 2715 lpm / 3434 lpm 8886 lpm / 11264 lpm LWL : 51.300 MWL : 53.300 Existing Main Clear water Pumping main - I Clear water Pumping main - II Proposed 900MM Main 9961 lpm / 11948 lpm 11263 lpm / 13711 lpm Proposed 800mm Main Figure 2.3-WSIS Flow diagram of Nagarcoil Municipality 10 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Testing Lab at Nagercoil. The raw water quality is discussed in the sections later. 2.3.2 Raw Water Pumping Main The water from the off take well is proposed to be pumped by means of 115 HP Turbine pump set with a duty of 14899 lpm x 26m head(2 nos.) parallel pumping (1No stand bye) to the proposed Aerator of the WTP through the proposed raw water pumping main as detailed below. x 914mm x 8mm thick MS pipe – 20.190 km x 813 mm x 8 mm thick MS pipe – 11.660 km Surge Protection System will be provided to absorb sudden raise of pressure, as well as to quickly provide extra water during a brief drop in pressure. No surge Tank is proposed as per surge Analysis and Surge protection devices like Disc valve and Surge Anticipating Relief Valves in the main are proposed along the alignment. Pressure is monitored online through SCADA System. 2.3.2.1 Pipe Carrying Bridge Pipe Carrying Bridge to be constructed length of 30m, 40m, 20m and 60m in varies location in Pazhiar River. Flow direction arrangement will be made necessary. The diagram is given in Figure 2.4. 11 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Figure 2.4-Pipe Carrying Bridge 2.3.3 Treatment Plant Instead of originally proposed separate treatment plant at KrishnanKovil, water treatment plant is proposed for the total requirement in the existing water treatment plant site at Krishnancoil itself. It is proposed for construction of a new water treatment plant of 41.12 MLD capacity for the raw quantity from the Puthen dam using tube settlers and rapid sand filters with Dual Media Filers and to enhance the treatment capacity of the existing treatment plant III upto 18 MLD for the raw water from the Mukkadal dam. The details of proposed treatment plant are as given under. 12 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Table2.2: Proposed Treatment Plant for Total Capacity Intermediate 2032 Ultimate 2047 Sl. No Description in mld in mld 1 Total Requirement 43.20 52.65 Existing Supply 2 (-) 2.02 (-) 2.02 Bore well sources 3 Net requirement 41.18 50.63 4 Transmission Loss @ 10% 4.12 5.06 5 Sub Total 45.30 55.69 6 Treatment Loss @ 5% 2.27 2.78 7 Total 47.57 58.47 At this site, there are totally three existing units of treatment plants treating water under different schemes supplying to Nagercoil municipality. Under this proposal, the existing WTPs I& II are to be demolished and the existing WTP III is to be augmented. In the demolished location of existing WTP I & II at Krishnancoil, a new full scale water treatment plant 41.12 MLD at intermediate stage is proposed with tube settlers and Dual Media Filters using Anthracite coal for treating the raw water quantity proposed from Puthen dam. Augmentation of WTP III Considering the present raw water drawal quantity both from Mukkadal dam and Ananthanar channel, the existing water treatment plant III at Krishnancoil is proposed to be augmented for the capacity of 18.00 MLD by providing Dual Media Filters using Anthracite coal as first phase. The existing WTP III components such as aerator, stilling chamber, raw water channel, Dividing chamber and Flash mixer have withstand upto 18.00 MLD capacity only. Considering the above reason the existing rapid sand filter bed have been proposed for enhancement by providing Dual Media Filters using Anthracite coal. After completion of the new WSIS, the present drawal from the Ananthanar Channel has to be disconnected based on the instruction of the district administration. The raw water characteristics of Mukkadal dam and Puthendam are different. Besides due to high turbidity value for raw water from Puthendam, Clariflocculator is essentially required. In view of the above providing additional Clariflocculator for 13 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 18.00 MLD is uneconomical to improve the existing WTP III at Krishnancoil. Therefore 6.45 MLD raw water from Mukkadal dam will be fed into the existing aerator of WTP III and the remaining 11.55 MLD water fed through a separate channel from the newly proposed Clariflocculators to the existing filter bed of WTP III are proposed. As a result, the total quantity 6.45 + 11.55 =18.00 MLD will be treated with augmented existing WTP III on completion of the improvement scheme. Proposed Full-scale WTP at Krishnancoil The existing treatment plants I & II constructed around 1941 and 1978, currently have issues with structural stability and leakage, necessitating major improvements. Hence to address this issue and to cater to the increased supply, a full-scale water treatment plant is proposed replacing the units I & II. In the newly proposed WTP, clariflocculators are designed for 41.12 MLD at intermediate stage by providing tube settlers. For enhanced WTP III, 11.55 MLD quantity of water from the clariflocculators is proposed to pass through a channel to filter bed. The remaining water from the clariflocculators will be passed through the proposed rapid sand filter beds with dual media filters using Anthracite coal for 29.57 MLD (41.12–11.55).Thus the total capacity of both the WTP is arrived at 29.57 MLD + 18.00 MLD = 47.57 MLD. The details of the components proposed for the new Water treatment plant are Aerator Diameter of collection tray : 14.0m Stilling chamber Size : Size 6 m x 4.00 m x 3.60 m Measuring channel Length : 10 m Size : 2.40 m x 1.70 m Water depth : 1.0 m Dividing chamber Detention time : 45 sec. Diameter : 3.0 m Water depth : 3.05 m 14 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Flash mixer (2 Nos.) Detention time : 60 Sec. Diameter : 2.50 m Clariflocculator : 2 Nos. Flocculator Detention time : 30 minutes Diameter : 15.3 m Storage depth :3m Clarifier Detention time : 60 minutes Diameter : 29 m Size of launder channel: 0.85 m x 0.50 m Clarified water channel size : 1.50 m x 1.75 m Total depth : 1.20 m Filter bed : Rapid sand Filter bed (7+1 stand=by) Twin bed size : 3.17m x 4.20 m– 8 Nos. Depth of media : 1.20 m Depth of sand : 0.45 m Depth of anthracite : 0.30 m Depth of gravel : 0.45 m Clear water sump cum pump house Capacity : 19.70 LL G.L : 35.355 m LWL : 31.355 m MWL : 37.355 m Sump cum pump house : 20 mx7m Analysis of alternatives: The Treatment plant site at puliyadi was selected for Nagercoil water Supply improvement scheme and further alternatively WTP site has 15 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY been changed which reduces cost of the scheme and further, the site for WTP belongs to Nagercoil Municipality. 2.3.3.1 Raw Water and Treated Water Analysis Table2.3: Raw Water Quality Limits S.No Parameter Range (IS:10500:1991) I PHYSICAL 1 Turbidity NT units –NTU 18-26 10 2 Total Dissolved Solids mg/lit. 78-200 500 3 Elect. Cond. Micro ohm/cm 118-260 - II CHEMICAL 1 PH 6.9-7.8 6.5-8.5 2 Total Alkalinity 18-100 200 3 Total Hardness as CaCO3 34-100 300 4 Calcium as Ca 10-15 75 5 Magnesium as Mg 2-4 30 6 Sodium as Na 9 – 12 - 7 Potassium as K 1 to 2 - 8 Iron as Fe 1.8- 2.2 0.3 9 Nitrate as No2 0.24 - 0.30 45 10 Nitrite as No3 2 to 3 - 11 Chloride as CI 20- 40 250 12 Fluoride as F 0.1 - 0.4 1 13 Sulphate as SO4 3-6 200 III BIOLOGICAL 1 Feacal Coliform per 100 ml 0 - It is seen that the characteristics of raw water has to treated with full scale treatment confirming to within the respective permitted range of CPHEEO Manual for water supply. Table2.4: Treated Water Quality S .No Parameter Range I PHYSICAL 1 Turbidity NT units <1 2 Taste and Odour Unobjectionable 3 Colour Not Exceeding 5 Hazen 4 Aluminum Al Not exceeding 0.2 mg/l as Al 5 PH 7-8.5 6 Iron Fe Not exceeding 0.3 mg/l 7 Manganese Not exceeding 0.1 mg/l 8 Free Chlorine Not less than 0.5 mg/l 9 Total Coliform Bacteria Nil in any 100 ml sample 16 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 2.3.3.2. Treatment Process ¾ Aeration: The raw water contains traces of Iron and will get removed in aeration process. Cascade aeration has been proposed. ¾ Coagulant dosing (Lime and Alum): Lime, alum dosing has been proposed to aid coagulation of suspended solids. The exact dosing has to be arrived by conducting jar test. During major portion of the year, lime addition may not be required but provision has been made for the same to provide for any contingency for pH addition ¾ Flash mixing: For effective mixing of the coagulants. ¾ Flocculation: To aid formation of flocs before allowing settling in the clarifiers. ¾ Clarification: Various types of clarifiers are being offered like radial flow Reactor Clarifier, sludge blanket clarifiers, tube settlers, pulsators etc. In order to get the most cost effective technology, it is proposed to provide tube settlers technology. ¾ Filtration: Rapid sand filters with Dual Media Filters will be provided to bring down the turbidity to less than 1 NTU. ¾ Post chlorination: The treated water shall be further chlorinated in Chlorine contact tank/ clarified water sump to maintain the minimum residual chlorine level in the treated water up to the entry to the city. The treated water sump shall be provided with minimum 30 minutes detention time to serve the dual purpose of chlorine contact time and treated water storage. The treated water stored in the clear water sump will be pumped to the transmission main using Vertical turbine pumps. Sludge/ back wash water Sludge from the Water treatment plant is proposed to be dried in the sludge drying beds. The dried sludge is proposed to be collected in Sludge pit inside the WTP site and after to be disposed to the dump yard. Water from sludge drying bed under drain is re-circulated in to recirculation sump. 17 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY The back wash from the Rapid Gravity filter beds and the filtrate from sludge drying bed will be sent to the raw water distribution chamber through recirculation sump. The treatment layout and process has been illustrated in Figure 2.5 & 2.6. The WTP is designed for intermediate capacity of 41.12mld. The ultimate requirement of 52.04 MLD shall be handled by providing an additional clariflocculator for which space is available in the site. Figure 2.5: Layout of WTP 18 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY INLET AERATOR DISTRIBUTION LIME CHAMBER ALUM FLASH MIXER CLARIFLOCCULATOR SLUDGE (TUBESETTLERS) SUMP BACKWASH RAPID SAND Collection FILTERS (DMF) TANK CHLORINE CHLORINE CONTACT TANK CLEAR WATER SUMP TO SERVICE RESERVOIRS Figure 2.6: WTP Process Flow Diagram An underground sump and pump house is proposed for storing the treated water at the WTP site itself. Required Land is available within the WTP area. The 19 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY pump house of size 20 m x 7 m is proposed over the clear water sump which is designed to accommodate the required 3 numbers heavy duty pump sets required for the intermediate and ultimate demand. The capacity of tank proposed is 19.70 LL. The effective storage will be about 60 minute’s capacity of ultimate demand. 2.3.4. Clear water Pumping Main Water from the clear water sump will be pumped through 3 clear water pumping main(I, II, III) to the service reservoirs of 23 Nos (Proposed - 11 Nos. and existing - 12 Nos.). The details of the pumping mains are as follows Clear water pumping main I 500mm DI K7 pipe = 150 m 450mm DI K7 pipe = 900 m 400 mm DI K7 pipe = 1058 m 350mm DI K7 pipe = 2827 m 250mm DI K7 pipe = 1936 m 200mm DI K7 pipe = 2985 m 150mm DI K7 pipe = 60 m 100mm DI K7 pipe = 40 m Total = 9956 m Clear Water Pumping main II 500mm DI K7 pipe = 2490 m 400mm DI K7 pipe = 1220 m 300mm DI K7 pipe = 1000 m 250mm DI K7 pipe = 2605 m 200mm DI K7 pipe = 1270 m 150mm DI K7 pipe = 3610 m Total = 10440 m Clear water pumping main III 500mm DI K7 pipe = 1425 m 400mm DI K7 pipe = 2103 m 350mm DI K7 pipe = 1582 m 250mm DI K7 pipe = 1070 m 200mm DI K7 pipe = 1625 m 100mm DI K7 pipe = 2705 m Total = 10510 20 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Figure 2.7: Clear water Pumping main - I Figure 2.8: Clear water Pumping main - II 21 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Figure 2.9: Clear water Pumping main – III The alignment of the pipe line is along the SH 15 owned by the Highways Department and hence no land acquisition required and permission obtained from Highways department for laying. Balance pipe lines will be laid along TWAD service road. A general survey of alignment indicates that sufficient space is available trenching and no tree cutting is involved in this reach. 2.3.5 Service Reservoirs The clear water conveyed from the WTP at Krishnankovil will be stored in the newly proposed elevated Service reservoirs -11 Nos., existing elevated Service reservoirs -11 Nos. and GLSR– 1 No. for the entire Nagercoil Municipality. Details of existing and proposed Service Reservoirs are as listed below. 22 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Table 2.5: Details of Existing Service Reservoirs Sl.No Location Capacity 1. Krishnancoil GLSR 12.50 LL – 1 No. 2. Holycrossnagar 7.00 LL – 1 No. 3. Thattanvilai 6.00 LL – 1 No. 4. Kalaichandai 4.50 LL – 1 No 5. Aseervatham Nagar 7.00 LL – 1 No. 6. Krishnancoil WTP 12.00 LL – 1 No. 7. Municipal Office campus 12.50 LL – 1 No. 8. Exhibition ground 12.50 LL – 1 No. 9. Christhunagar 8.00 LL – 2 Nos. 10. Maravankudieruppu 8.00 LL – 1 No. 11 Gnanamnagar (Tharavilai) 1.00 LL – 1 No. Table 2.6: Details of Proposed Service Reservoirs Sl.No Location Capacity 1. Krishnancoil 7.50 LL – 1 No. 2. Aseervatham Nagar 2.40 LL – 1 No. 3. Asaripallam (Near Medical College) 8.80 LL – 1 No. 4. Gnanamnagar 2.50 LL – 1 No. 5. Kottar 8.80 LL – 1 No 6. Kariamanickapuram 2.20 LL – 1 No. 7. V.N colony 9.10 LL – 1 No. 8. Sarakkalvilai(Near NGO Colony) 5.00 LL – 1 No. 9. Ponnappanadar colony 8.00 LL – 1 No. 10. North Soorankudi 1.10 LL – 1 No. 11. Nesamanynagar 5.00 LL – 1 No. 2.3.6 Distribution System The water stored in the proposed and existing service reservoirs will be distributed through the proposed distribution system network. In addition provisions have been made for flow control valves at salient locations in order to maintain equitable distribution. Necessary provision for House Service connections 23 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY has been made up to the boundary of the property limit. It is proposed to provide HDPE pipes up to 200mm dia. and above 200mm DI pipes in the existing and proposed distribution network. Accordingly the proposed distribution network for a length of 420.612 Km with new HDPE and DI pipes. The proposed lengths of distribution system for new zones are as tabulated below. Table 2.7: Proposed Distribution system Sl.No Name & Location & Zone No. D' System pipe length in m 1. Krishnancoil (GLSR) Zone I 20035 2. Municipal Office Complex Zone II A 12155 3. Exhibition Ground Zone II B 23230 4 Aseervatham Nagar Zone III 18621 5. Krishnankoil WTP Zone IV 21023 6. Christhu Nagar Zone V 25800 7. Christhu Nagar Zone VI 34453 8. Thattanvilai Zone VII A 18676 9. Holy cross Nagar Zone VII B 20627 10. Maravankudiyiruppu Zone VIII 20793 11. Kalaichandai Zone IX 9270 12. Gnanam Nagar (Marukalthalavilai) 11825 Sub Total A 236508 13. Krishnancoil SR Zone X 6666 14. Aseervatham Nagar SR Zone XI 7458 15. Nesamani Nagar Zone XII 23277 16. Asaripallam MC SR Zone XIII A 10050 17. Asaripallam MC SR Zone XIII B 13775 18. Gnanamnagar SR Zone XIV A 14200 19. Gnanamnagar SR Zone XIV B 4930 North Soorankudi SR Zone 5273 20. XVI 21. PonnappannadarColony SR Zone XVII 18351 22. V.N.Colony SR Zone XVIII 21085 23. N.G.O.Colony SR Zone XIX A 14382 24 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 24. N.G.O.Colony SR Zone XIX B 27659 25. Kariyamanickapuram SR Zone XX 3435 26. Kottar Police quarter SR Zone XXI 13563 Sub Total B 184104 Grand Total 420.612 Km 2.3.7 House Service Connections It is proposes to provide 85000 Nos of House service connections to Nagercoil Municipality. The House service connections includes replacement and new. Among the 85000nos, 11000 nos is in DI MAIN and balance 74000 nos is in HDPE Main. 2.3.8 SCADA It is proposed to implement system with the following parameters to be monitored at the Head works, WTP and Service Reservoirs, gathering the real time data from remote locations, so as to monitor the entire components at a reduced maintenance cost. Centralized data storage and monitoring at the Master Control Room of the project is proposed at Water Treatment Plant. 1. Level in the collection well. 2. Pressure at the lines. 3. Flow at the discharge line of pump houses. 4. Energy monitoring of each pump outlet. 5. Control valves actuator in the tender specified locations. 6. Flow at the inlet and outlet of WTP, SRs. 7. Level at each Sumps and at Service Reservoirs. 8. Control valves at the outlet line of the Reservoirs. 9. Data recording at the Pump houses and reservoirs 10. Data transfer from RTU/PLC to SCADA monitoring Master Control Room (MCR). Centralized data storage and monitoring at the Master Control Room of the project. 25 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 2.4 Source Sustainability The source has been selected based on DHG’s report and cleared in the RSSFC during 5/13. The river Paraliar is considered as Source for the WSIS to Nagercoil municipality. It is proposed to tap 52.04 MLD of surface water from river Paraliyar. In order to draw water from the river Paraliar , necessary proposal for obtaining clearance from Water utilization committee with required hydraulic particulars and other related particulars had been sent to the Chief Engineer/PWD/ WRO/ Madurai by the Chief Engineer/TWAD Board/Madurai vide Lr.No. 3108/F.NGL/AE3(D)/2014/dt.24.03.2014. The clearance proposal is under scrutiny by the PWD authorities. Water Balance Study: Average outflow from Pechiparai and Perunchani dams - 20292.97 mcft Water required for irrigation -9715mcft Water required for existing WSS -1494 mcft Water demand for WSIS to Nagercoil municipality - 670 mcft (52.04 mld) Balance water available - 8414 mcft 238.30 Mm3 The above water balance study reveals that the total ultimate requirement can be tapped without any difficulty. The Regional sustainability source finding committee (RSSFC) has cleared the proposal for tapping of 52.04 mld of water in Paraliar River near Puthen dam. 26 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 3. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 3.1 Introduction This section reviews the policies, regulations and administrative framework within which the project works are to be implemented. The review includes the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) developed by TNUIFSL, Operational policies / directives of Funding Agencies through TNUIFSL, sector-specific Environmental Policies &Regulations of the Government of India and the institutional profile of various agencies such as Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) and other stakeholders associated with the project. 3.2 Environmental Policies and Regulations The environmental policies and regulations reviewed are broadly divided into the following four categories: x Environmental and Social Management framework (ESMF) x Operational policies of external Funding Agencies x Environmental Policy and Regulatory Frameworks in India x Regulatory Framework in the State of Tamil Nadu 3.2.1 Environmental and Social Management Framework From Various Funding Agencies through TNUIFSL, under which the proposed water supply project is to be funded, has formulated an exclusive Environmental and Social Framework to address Environmental and Social Impacts associated with infrastructure projects. Environmental and Social Management framework (ESMF) is in line with the Environmental and Social safeguard Policies and directives of the Various Funding Agencies through TNUIFSL. The proposed activity has no social impact and hence the project falls under S3as per Social Categorization of ESMF and is classified as E1as per Environmental Categorization of ESMF. Hence this project requires detailed environmental impact assessment and preparation of management measures. 3.2.2 Operational Policies and Directives of World Bank x OP 4.01 for safeguard policies of World Bank which provides for the environmental assessment guidance for the lending operations is applicable. 27 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY This OP 4.01 requires the borrower to screen projects for potential impacts and through appropriate EA assess, minimize and mitigate potentially adverse impacts from the project. x The Environmental Assessment (EA) leads to be integrated in the project development process such that timely measures can be applied to address the identified impacts. x Environmental Health and Safety guidelines of the World Bank are applicable for the project which will be ensured during project implementation. 3.2.3 Source Clearance Approval for the proposal to tap 52.04 MLD of water from River Paraliar from Water Utilization Committee of PWD is under process. S.N Activity Clearance / Statutory Status O NOC Authority Required 1 Withdrawal of raw Clearance to PWD – Proposal Under water (52.04 MLD) from be obtained Water Scrutiny at CE’S Paraliar River from Water Utilisation Office/PWD/WRO/ Utilization Committee Madurai Committee of PWD for 52.04 MLD for the Ultimate stage Demand. 2 Construction of off take Alienation Revenue Enter- upon well in the headworks. permission has been given by the District Collector. 3 Construction of pipe Permission PWD Will be obtained prior carrying bridges for to construction. river crossing 3.2.4 Environmental Policy and Regulatory Frameworks in India The following are the key regulations in India applicable for various development projects. ¾ Constitutional Provisions 28 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY ¾ The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 ¾ The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 ¾ Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 - as amended in 1988.Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 – and Tamil Nadu Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1974 ¾ Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and Tamil Nadu Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1983 ¾ The Treasure Trove Act, 1878 ¾ Hazardous Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989; ¾ Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 ¾ Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 This section reviews the policies, regulations and administrative framework within which the project is to be implemented. The review includes the Environmental and Social framework of TNUIFSL, operational policies / directions of the World Bank and sector-specific environmental policies and regulations of the Govt. of India and Govt. of Tamilnadu. a) Constitutional Provisions The Constitution of India in its Article 48 provides for the protection and preservation of the environment and states that “the state will endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wild life of the country.” Further Article 51-A (g) on fundamental duties emphasizes that, “It will be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life and to have compassion for living creatures.” b) The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 This Act ensures essential infrastructural facilities and urbanisation with least disturbance to the owners of the land and other affected families and provides just and fair compensation for land acquisitions. The proposed project does not have any private land acquisitions. 29 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY c) Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 The Act pertains to diversion of forestland and felling of roadside plantation. Depending on the size of the tract to be cleared, clearances are to be obtained. Restrictions and clearance procedures proposed in the Forest (Conservation) Act apply to the natural forest areas, even in case the protected/designated forest area does not have any vegetation. Hence the project does not cross any natural forest areas. d) The Environment Protection Act 1986, & Notifications In order to create national environmental legislation, the EPA articulates a policy for environmental protection covering air, water and land and provide a framework for Central Government to coordinate between Central and State Authorities established under various laws, including the Water Act and Air Act. Under this umbrella Act, the Central Government must set National Ambient and Emissions Standards, establish procedures for managing hazardous substances, regulate industrial sites, investigate and research pollution issues and establish laboratories and collect and disseminate information. Among other relevant legislation, the Public Liability Insurance Act (PLIA) of 1991 mandates that business owners operating with hazardous substances take out insurance policies covering potential liability from an accident and establish Environmental Relief Funds to deal with accidents involving hazardous substances. The National Environmental Appellate Authority Act of 1997 requires the Central Government to establish an authority to hear appeals on area restrictions where operations will not be carried out or will be carried out with certain safeguard measures. e) The Air (Prevention and control of pollution) Act, 1981amended in 1987 This Act provides prevention, control and abatement of air pollution. With a framework similar to the Water Act, the Air Act gave the central and State Board’s authority to issue consents to industries operating within the designated air pollution control areas. The State also prescribes emission standards for stationary and mobile sources. Since the proposed project involves operation of DG sets, the above said Act and emission standards will be complied. 30 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY f) Water (Prevention & Control) Act 1974 Water Act is the first environmental regulation that brought at the state and center levels, pollution control boards to control / regulate environmental pollution in India. The Act was amended in 1978 and 1988. Salient features of the Act are the following: ¾ Section 25 of the Act requires an application to be made to the state board to establish any treatment and disposal system that is likely to discharge sewage or trade effluent in to a stream or well or sewer on land These laws seek to control pollution of water and enhance the quality of water. Under this law, it is mandatory to obtain consent to establishment for in case of any outlet for disposing waste/ effluent. g) The Treasure Trove Act, 1878 The Indian Treasure Trove Act, 1878 (Act No. VI of 1878) was promulgated to protect and preserve treasure found accidentally but having the archaeological and historical value. This Act was enacted to protect and preserve such treasures and their lawful disposal. In a landmark development in 1886, James Burgess, the then Director General succeeded in prevailing upon the Government for issuing directions forbidding any person or agency to undertake excavation without prior consent of the Archaeological Survey and debarring officers from disposing of antiquities found or acquired without the permission of the Government. h) The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 In order to curb the growing problems of noise pollution, the government of India has enacted the noise pollution rules 2000 that includes the following main provisions: ¾ The state government may categorize the areas as industrial or commercial or residential. ¾ The Ambient air quality Standards in respect of Noise for different areas has been specified. 31 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY ¾ The State government will take measures for abatement of noise including noise emanating from vehicular movement and ensure that the existing noise levels do not exceed the ambient air quality standards specified under these rules. ¾ Areas not less than 100 m around Hospitals, Educational institutions and Court is declared as silence area under these rules. ¾ A person found violating the provisions as to the maximum noise permissible in any particular area will be liable to be punished for it, under the provision of these rules and any other law in force. i) Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989 These rules aim at controlling the generation, storage and import of hazardous chemicals. These Rules are applicable to an industrial activity or isolated storage in which there is involved a quantity of hazardous chemical listed in the Schedule of the Rules which is equal to or more than the quantity specified in the entry for that chemical in the Schedule. According to these rules, the user of hazardous chemicals has to perform the following and dispose hazardous waste as mentioned in the rules. ¾ Identify the potential hazards of the chemicals and take adequate steps to prevent and control such hazards ¾ Develop or provide information about the chemical in the form of safety data sheets ¾ Label the specified information on the container of the hazardous chemical Chlorine used as a disinfectant in WTP is categorized as hazardous chemical as per MHSIC rules 1989. Maximum 2.7 Tonnes of Chlorine is stored at WTP and does not attract the provisions of these rules. (Note: On exceeding 5 nos of chlorine cylinders licence from PESO under Gas Cylinders Rules to be obtained.). Hence obtaining licence from PESO does not arise. 3.2.5 Regulatory Framework in the State of Tamil Nadu Railway Crossings: Permission from Southern Railways has to be obtained in order to lay raw water pumping main crossing the railway lines. 32 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Highway Crossings The raw water and clear water pumping mains crosses the National Highways at 1 locations and State highways at 4 locations. Table 3.1: Details of National and State Highways Crossings S.NO Activity Description Status 1. Railway Crossing 1 No Will be obtained prior to construction. 2 State Highways Crossings 4 Nos Will be obtained prior to construction. 3 National Highways 1 Nos Will be obtained prior Crossings to construction. 3.2.6 Clearances/ NOC Required from Competent Authority The summary of applicable Clearance / NOC required for the proposed project is given in Table 3.2. Table 3.2: Clearances/ NOC Required from Competent Authority S.N Activity Clearance / Statutory Status O NOC Authority Required 1 Withdrawal of raw Clearance to PWD – Proposal Under water (52.04 MLD) from be obtained Water Scrutiny at CE’S Paraliar River from Water Utilisation Office/PWD/WRO/ Utilization Committee Madurai Committee of PWD for 52.04 MLD for the Ultimate stage Demand. 2 Construction of off take Alienation Revenue Entered upon well in the headworks. permission has been given by the District Collector. 3 Construction of pipe Permission PWD Will be obtained prior carrying bridges for to construction. river crossing 33 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE 4.1 Introduction The scope of the project is to provide water supply improvement scheme to the people residing at Nagercoil municipality in Kanyakumari District which will evidently have a positive impact. However, during the project implementation and operation, the environmental components are likely to be affected which have to be assessed and mitigation measures taken. 4.2 Objective of the Study The object of the study is to identify and assess the likely environmental and other Socio –economical Public Health Impacts of the project and its components. The study shall derive an Environmental Management Plan for bringing out the project to environmentally sound and socially acceptable besides fulfilling their water requirement. Necessary monitoring mechanism for the proper operation and maintenance of the project with regard to environment has been focused. 4.3 Baseline Environmental Profile a) Meteorological features: The District experiences tropical pleasant climate throughout the year. Winter temperature ranges from 33.8°C to 21.6°C while summer temperature ranges from 34.8°C to 22.4°C. January to February is the winter season and March to May is the summer season. The project area receives rainfall both during the south- west and the north-east monsoons. The southwest monsoon period starts from the month of June and ends in September, while the north-east monsoon period starts from October and ends in the middle of December. January to February is the dry season and March to May is the hot season. The annual average rainfall in the project area is 1045 mm.. During the North-East monsoon, between October and December, a precipitation of 549 mm is received in 24 rainy days and during the South-West monsoon 537 mm is received from June to September in 27 rainy days. In summer, 332mm of rainfall is received in 11 rainy days between March and May. Relative humidity ranges between 60 to 100 %. 34 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY b) Geology and Minerals: The geological formation of the district is simple, comprising essentially alluvial deposits of Pazhayar lying over tertiary weathered rock. This formation covers the entire area. The formation consists of fine sands, gravely sands, clays and sandy clays. In its more western areas, the alluvium partakes more of the nature of a rich loam - being mixed, sometimes with fine reddish silt or mainly of pale clayey mud, which gradually shades off in to the blown sands of the coast. The beach deposits of the project area contain minerals of Industrial use such as rutile, illmenite, zircon, monozite etc. Salt pans are located along the Pazhayar River bank. Salt is the important resource extracted from Pazhayar river. River sand is another important mineral source. According to classification, soils of this region fall into coastal and riverine alluvium and red loam soil types. Major part of the project area is covered by Sandy coastal alluvium and red soil types cover the rest of the area c) Soil Characteristics: Results of the soil samples collected as part of the investigations by the TWAD Board shows that the soil type in the project area is dominated mostly red soil and lateritic, clayey and alluvium soil. The permeability rate varies from very high to medium, depending upon the soil texture. It was reported that the over- exploitation of ground water cause heavy decline in water level in the Kanyakumari District. d) Water quality: The water samples collected from river Paraliar, analyzed for various characteristics of water quality. These are found to conform to CPHEEO Guidelines. 4.3.1 Air Quality The ambient air quality measured at the project site is given in Table 4.1. Nearby two sites have been identified for measuring the ambient air quality. The two sites were details in given in Table 4.2. 35 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Table 4.1- Ambient Air Quality Results Ambient Air Quality Primary Data Results Sl.No Locations PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOX NAAQ Standards ( 24 Hrs) 100 60 80 80 1 Near Puthendam 93.2 50.3 19.2 28.4 2 Krishnancoil WTP 80.37 38.3 21.9 23.2 Table 4.2-Techniques used for Baseline analysis S.No Parameter Technique 1 Particulate Matter PM10 Particulate Sampler & Fine (PM10 & PM2.5) Particulate Sampler (Gravimetric method) 2 Respirable Respirable Dust Sampler (Gravimetricmethod) ParticulateMatter 3 Sulphur Dioxide Modified West and Gaeke 4 Nitrogen Oxide Jacob &Hochheiser From the study, it was observed that the parameters for air quality are within the standards for prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standard. 4.3.2 Ambient Noise Levels The ambient noise measured at the project sites are given in table below. Table 4.3- Ambient Noise Level result Noise level - Primary Data Sl.No Location Day Time Night Time Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum 1 Near Puthendam 51.90 54.00 48.00 52.00 2 Krisnancoil WTP site 41.30 45.00 37.60 40.00 The noise qualities in general found to be within the limits in project site. 4.3.3 Surface Water Quality There is no pollution occurred in the river source. The surface water quality of the river source from samples collected from Puthendamduring different seasons is given Table 4.4. 36 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Table 4.4- The Surface Water Quality Puthendam Sl. Parameters Unit Sample collected Sample collected .No on June’13 on Sep’14 1 Colour Hazen Slightly yellowish Brownish 2 Turbidity NTU 18 127 3 Ph 6.9 7.22 4 Electric Mho/cm 118 345 conductivity-EC 5 Dissolved Solids Mg/lit 78 30 6 Permanent Mg/lit 0 0 Alkalinity-PA 7 Total Alkalinity- TA Mg/lit 18 8 8 Total Hardness- TH Mg/lit 34 10 9 Calcium –Ca Mg/lit 10 4 10 Magnesium- Mg Mg/lit 2 0 11 Sulphate - So4 Mg/lit 3 1 12 Nitrite – No3 Mg/lit 2 1 13 Fluoride – F Mg/lit 0.2 0.2 14 Iron – Fe Mg/lit 1.88 2.71 15 Sodium – Na Mg/lit 9 6 16 Potassium - K Mg/lit 1 0 ¾ The pH of surface water in the study area is 6.9 & 7.22 and Conductivity is 181 & 345 μS/cm. ¾ TDS values were found to be 78 & 30 mg/l and Total Hardness found to be 34 & 10 mg/l. This indicates that water in the study area was hard in nature and it is observed that it lies within the standards. The Total alkalinity found to be 18 & 8 mg/L. These values are within the standard limit but turbidity is (18 &127) above the standard limit. The Existing SR site and Consumer Endwater quality is given in Table 4.4. 37 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Table 4.5- Existing SR Site and consumer end water quality S.N Consumer Parameters Unit SR site o end 1 pH 7.12 7.1 2 Turbidity NTU 4 0 3 Colour Hazen Clear Clear Unobjectionab Unobjectionabl 4 Odour le e 5 Chlorides as Cl- mg/lit 6 2 6 Sulphates as SO42- mg/lit 1 1 7 TSS mg/lit 4 0 8 Residual Chlorine mg/lit Nil Nil 9 TDS mg/lit 39 10 Total Hardness as 10 mg/lit 8 6 CaCO3 11 Calcium as Ca2+ mg/lit 3 3 12 Magnesium as Mg2+ mg/lit 0 0 Total Alkalinity as 13 mg/lit 8 6 CaCO3 As the turbidity is very high and no residual chlorine exists, it is essential to treat the water to reduce the turbidity and to give residual chlorine at the consumer end and to bring the other parameters within the standard limits, a full scale water treatment plant is proposed. 4.3.4 Soil Analysis The soil characteristics in the project sites are given in Table 4.5. 38 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Table 4.6- Soil Quality Sl.No Parameters Units Puthendam Krishnancoil 1 Texture Sandy Loam Clay Loam 2 Lime Status Present Present 3 Electrical mhos/cm 0.045 0.038 Conductivity 4 pH Soil No 5.1 7.1 Reaction 5 Nitrogen Kg/Ac 124 129 6 Phosphorus Kg/Ac 38 46 7 Potassium Kg/Ac 9.8 9.5 8 Iron Ppm 2.5 2.7 9 Manganese Ppm 1.4 1.3 10 Zinc Ppm 1.6 1.8 11 Copper Ppm 0.8 1.0 The pH indicates that the soils in the study areas are basic in nature, with the pH varying in the range of 5.1 to 7.1. The Electrical Conductivity was observed in the range of 0.045-0.038mS/cm. The Nitrogen values are in the range of 124 – 129 mg/kg indicating that soils have high Nitrogen levels. The Phosphorous values are in the range of 38 – 46 mg/kg indicating that soils have an average Phosphorous level. The Potassium values range between 9.8 – 9.5 mg/kg, which indicate that the soils have low quantity of Potassium. The soil from the study area shows that they are less fertile. 4.3.5 Biological Environment (a) Terrestrial Animal Ecology The dominant groups are spiders, Theylphonus and Galeodes. Among vertebrates, field rats, Mabuya and Calotes are common. None of them belong to the rare or endangered species. 39 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY (b) Terrestrial plant Ecology The main cultivated crops are paddy, banana tree etc., the uncultivated lands are covered by a massive growth of species such as Rubber, partheniumhystopharus, Annona squamosa, Musa paradisiacal and some Herbaceous plants like Tephrosiasps., Tephrosiapurpurea etc., Kanyakumari District accounts for more than 95% of the production of natural rubber in the state of Tamil Nadu. Due to the ideal soil and climatic conditions existing in Kanyakumari district, the natural rubber yield from here has the finest superior quality in India. Rubber is cultivated mainly in the hilly areas (on the Western Ghats) in the interior, while paddy fields and other crops are mainly found on the plains, near the coast. The other crops under cultivation are rice, coconut, tapioca, banana, pulses, cashew, mango, palmyrah, tamarind, areca nut, jack fruit clove etc. Regarding the status of fauna, there are no habitations or breeding place of wild life species. The bio diversity of plant, animal and bird species are limited in the study area. The soil fertility, shortage of water and low water table could be attributed as causing the poor status of biodiversity. 4.3.6 Socio Economic studies The total present population of the study area is about 246753. The project area is about 1672 sq.km. The literacy level of the above area is about 91.96%. The entire project area have been provided with electricity and well connected by road. Basic amenities like water supply, transport, telephone, post and telegraph, public health and sanitations facilities, health centers, recreation facilities like cinema, etc., are moderately available to the people. As the project envisages on water supply to the beneficiaries, there is no involvement of air and its impact other than the construction phase. 4.3.7 Environmental Profile Baseline study was carried out for various environmental parameters based on the various activities in the proposed project. The stations identified for the study included the project sites where the components proposed to be located are envisaged to have significant activity during operation. 40 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Puthendam - Site for construction of Head Works Krishnancoil - Site for construction of WTP 4.4 Screening of the Project as per the ESMF of TNUIFSL 4.4.1 Environmental Screening Environmental screening of the proposed project is corridor was carried out for the proposed activities. Based on which the possible impacts are given below: ¾ Negative impacts on surrounding environmental conditions (temporary impacts due to Air/Noise pollution ). ¾ Water resource problems (i.e., reduction in water availability for water supply and irrigation projects downstream of Paraliar River). ¾ Air pollution (during construction stage, by dust generated due to construction activities) and noise pollution during construction stage (due to construction activities) and operation stage (due to operation of pumps). ¾ Energy consumption for pumping activities ¾ Pollution of water bodies ¾ Construction hazards to residents (due to pipe laying works). ¾ Release of toxic gases (chlorine) and accident risks (due to collapse of reservoirs) which may lead to health and safety risks in the neighborhood during operation stage. In view of the above, and the Project proposed activities like Water treatment plant and river intake work, the Project is categorized as “E1” per ESMF of TNUIFSL. As per this categorization the Project requires Environmental Impact Assessment and project specific EMP. Environmental screening prepared for the project in the prescribed format is provided as Annexure I. 4.4.2 Social Screening A Social screening exercise has been carried and the filled in social screening format is enclosed as Annexure-II. Based on this, this sub project is classified as S3 as per ESMF. In this social screening exercise all the identified sites are screened for encumbrances. 41 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 4.5 Description of sites of Project Components Description of sites identified for locating the project components are given below. For future expansion the land is kept vacant for WTP components, the raw water and clear water pump houses are designed to meet out the future demands. The site layout plan for the project sites are given in Annexure III. 4.5.1 Head Works (Raw Water offtake) The head works (River offtake) is proposed to be located at the bank of river Paraliyar on the upstream side of Puthendam. An extent 0.50 Acres of land has been earmarked for the construction of the proposed off take well cum pump house and other infrastructures like Staff Quarters, SCADA room. Generator shed, Transformer yard and also for the construction of compound wall. There is separate access will be provided for the head works and quarters. The Head works site is situated near Perunchani village and is ThoppuPoromboke owned by Revenue. 4.5.2 Alignment of Transmission Main The alignment of the raw water Pumping main from Offtake well to Water treatment plant at existing WTP site at Krishnancoil is along road berms within the right of way of the road. Surveys has been taken along the alignment of Raw water pumping main. Pipe lines will be laid for the length of31.85km in which Revenue department- 0.5km, State highways(MDR).4.55 km, SH- 26.5KM, NH- 0.5 KM are involved. There is no forest area land adjoining the alignment. The alignment of the Clear water Pumping main from Water treatment plant to Service Reservoirs in various locations is along the road berms within the right of way owned by Highways Department and Urban Local body. Pipe lines will be laid for the length of 31.006km out of which State highways- 8 km, NH - 2.2 KM, Municipal road- 20.806km are involved. There is no forest area land adjoining the alignment. Due to unavoidable circumstances if necessary and compensatory new plantations will be planted 10 times the number of trees to be cut. 42 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 4.5.3 Water Treatment Plant The Proposed WTP site is located in the near existing Water Treatment Plant site for Nagercoil Municipality . The site is situated along NH 47B and near to Vadasery Main Bus stand. The site has clear access to enter to the work spot. The total extent of the site is 3.56 acres. This site has three treatment plant units I, II and III. The new treatment plant for the scheme is proposed to be constructed in the extent occupied for WTP I & II after demolition of the existing structures. 4.5.4 OHTs. It is proposed to construction 11 Over Head Tanks, and the sites are owned by ULB, Revenue Department, Public Works Department, Police , Cooperative Housing Society and Medical. The details of the each of the 1 sites are provided below. i) Krishnankoil The SR site is located in existing Water Treatment Plant premises of Nagercoil Municipality. The site is situated along NH 47B and near to Vadasery Main Bus stand. The site has easily to access. The proposed SR is to be constructed near the existing SR in this site. ii) Aseervatham Nagar In this site one existing Service Reservoir and compound wall is available. OHT is proposed in the vacant area. The site is the main city area and has easy access from Main road. Dwelling houses are nearby the site. iii) Nesamony Nagar This site is belongs to urban Local body. The extent earmarked for the OHT is vacant and easily accessible through adjacent roads. Dwelling houses houses are adjoining the site. iv) Asaripallam (Medical College) This site is situated in the backside compound of Asaripallam Medical college and along the road to Gnanamnagar. Private Coconut thoppu is adjoining the site. The site is also inside the city and easily accessible through road. 43 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY v) Gnanamnagar In this site one existing Service Reservoir is available. The OHT is proposed in the vacant extent in the site. The site is inside the city and houses exists around the site. vi) North Soorangudi In this site one existing Service Reservoir and RR Masonry compound wall are available. The extent identified is directly accessible from the adjacent road. There are Dewelling houses inside the site. vii) Ponnappanadar colony The site is located within the Muncipal limit. The site belongs to urban local body. There are roads on all sides, the OHT would be constructed without disturbing the existing trees. There are dwelling houses nearby the site, it is an easily accessible. viii) V.N. Colony The site is located within the Municipal limit. The site belongs to urban local body. There is a municipal building in one portion of the site. The OHT is proposed in the vacant portion of the site. OHT would be constructed without disturbing the existing treespresent along the boundary. There are dwelling houses nearby the site, it is an easily accessible from adjacent road. ix) NGO Colony The site is located within the Muncipal limit. The site belongs to urban local body. OHT is proposed in the vacant portion of the site with direct access from the adjacent road. There are dwelling houses nearby the site,it is an easily accessible, x) Kottar The site is in the premises of Police Quarters and inside the main city. The police staff quarters are available near by the site.The site is vacant land and has access from main road. 44 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY xi) Kariamanickapuram The site is far from the city and in Kanyakumari road. The site is situated near by the Pond and outside the village. It is the end of Kulathoor village. The site is vacant land and has easily accessible. Distribution System The pipe lines will be laid along the berm and within the right of way of Municipal roads and Highways road and Streets. Table -4.5: Land Details for the proposed project facilities Area of Area of Land land Owner of S.No Name of location/ Sump Remarks required availabl the land in m2 e in m2 A From Source to Municipal Limit Enter Upon Headworks in River Permission to be 1 PWD Paraliar obtained from PWD Construction of WTP in Nagercoil 2 Krishnan Kovil Municipality B Within Municipal Limits Construction of Service Nagercoil 1 Reservoir at Krishnan 283.39 16800 Municipality Kovil (7.5LLCapacity) Construction of Reservoir Nagercoil 2 at Asirvathanager 143.06 546 Municipality (2.4LL Capacity) Construction of Reservoir Asaripallam Enter Upon at Asaripallam near 3 349.49 2500 medical Permission to be MedicaL College college obtained (8 LL Capacity) Construction of Reservoir Nagercoil 4 at Gnanam nagar 113.04 9100 Municipality (3.4 LL Capacity) Construction of Reservoir Police Action taken to 5 283.385 350 at Kottar (7.5 LL) Department obtain the site. 45 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Construction of Reservoir Revenue Action yet to be 6 at Kariamanickapuram 113.04 10600 Department initiated (2.2 LL) Nagercoil Construction of Reservoir Municipality 7 333.12 800 at V. N. Colony (9.1 LL) Construction of Reservoir Nagercoil 8 at sarukkal vilai ( Near 221.55 350 Municipality N.G. O. Colony) (5 LL) Construction of Reservoir Nagercoil 9 at Ponnappa Nadar Colony 298.5 685 Municipality Construction of Reservoir Revenue Action yet to be 10 200 200 at North Soorankudi Department initiated Construction of Reservoir Nagercoil at Neasamony nagar 221.55 350 Municipality 11 (5 LL) Table-4.6: Details of Proposed offtake/Headworks structures Current Alienation Extent Extent Location/components Ownership Land Status required available Use Entered upon permission Owned has been Well @ puthen dam 1500 m2 50 cent Revenue by PWD given by the District Collector. Table-4.7: Details of Proposed WTP Extent Extent Current Land Location Ownership required available Use Existing WTP WTP at The Commissioner 50 cent 3.56 acres plant is Krishnan Kovil NGL Muncipality functioning 46 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Table-4.8: Right of Way and Ownership Details for Pipe Laying Component Name of Road Ownership Length Status Transmission Main Raw Water Head Work site Revenue 0.5 km Permission Pumping Main – Thoppu obtained 31.85 KM promboke to Perunchani Road Perunchani Road SH (Major 4.55 km Permission to to Surulacode District Road ) be obtained Surulacode to SH 26.5 KM Permission to Erachakulam be obtained Erachakulam to NH 0.3 KM Permission to Krishnankoil be obtained Pipe carrying Across Palayar PWD (40m, Permission to bridge at four River 30m 60m be obtained locations & 20m) Clear Water WTP to 23 OHTs NH 2.2 km Permission to Pumping Main – be obtained 31.006 km SH 8 km Permission to be obtained Municipality 20.806 km Own road Road 47 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMAPCTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 5. 1 Introduction Environmental Impact can be defined as “any alteration of environmental conditions or creation of a new set of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by the action or set of actions under consideration”. Generally, environmental impacts can be classified as primary or secondary impacts. Primary impacts are those, which are attributed directly by the project while secondary impacts are those, which are induced by primary impacts and include the associated investments and changed patterns of the social and economic activities by the action. This section identifies and assesses the potential changes in the environment that could be expected from the proposed project. The impacts have been predicted for the proposed activities assuming that the impact due to the existing activities has already been covered under base line environmental monitoring and continue to remains same till the operation of the project. The proposed project activities would create impact on the environment in two distinct phases i.e., construction and operation phases. Impacts are identified, predicted and evaluated based on the analysis of the information collected. This section also describes mitigation measures, which have been suggested for the adverse impacts likely to be caused due to activities of both construction and operation phases of the project. The identification of likely impacts during construction and operational phases of the proposed project has been done based on likely activities having their impact on one or another environmental parameters. The details of the activities and their impacts have been worked out in the following sections. 5.2 Impacts and Mitigation Measures 5.2.1. Topography The impact on land environment would be mainly due to construction activities, excavation, earthwork, filling and cutting etc. The WTP of the project is proposed in the existing WTP site at Krishnankovil. Excavation of soil is required for the structures for WTP construction. The excavated soil will be utilized in the WTP 48 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY site itself for filling the building foundations, site grading. The Sump site and GLSR/ESRs are also proposed in level lands and hence no cutting of soil is required for the construction. The soil excavated for the sump will be utilized for filling the building foundation and site grading at the respective sites itself. Most of the soil excavated for the clear water main pipelines will be utilized for filling the trenches after laying the pipes. The quantity of soil remaining after filling the trenches will be for filling up low lying area which is not a water body or pond. Since the quantity of earthwork involved in the project is not significant, no changes in topography of the project area are anticipated due to the project. During the excavation, suitable safety measures as summarized in the management plan shall be adopted for the safety of construction labour and local residents residing along the pipeline route. 5.2.2 Ambient Air Quality Construction Phase Impacts on ambient air quality due to the proposed project activities are expected during the construction phase are primarily attributed to various construction activities of the project and associated generation of air pollutants such as dust, vehicular emissions, emissions from the DG set etc. The dust levels in the Head works, WTP areas are expected to be increased substantially during construction. Similarly, the trenching work for pipe lines will generate considerable dust pollution along the pipe line routes. The Ambient air quality standards, however, are not expected to be violated in the project area as the background levels are very low and the particulates tend to settle during low wind and stable conditions. Since heavy machineries used for the project will be less, impacts on ambient air quality due to vehicular emissions will be insignificant. It is also to be noted that these impacts are temporary in nature and will have moderate impacts on the settlements along the proposed pipe line alignment. However, to minimize these minor air quality impacts measures such as periodic dust suppression measures to be implemented. At the WTP site, demolition of the existing treatment plant units I & II would generate dust during construction. 49 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Operation Phase No component of the proposed water supply system is a source of air pollution during operation except DG sets which would be operated only during power failures. No impact on Air quality is anticipated along the pumping main. 5.2.3 Noise Levels Construction Phase The major sources of noise pollution from the proposed project are the construction activities, movement of vehicles and operation of construction equipment and DG sets etc. The noise likely to be generated during excavation, loading and transportation of material will be in the range of 90 to 105 dB (A) and this will occur only when all the equipment operate together and simultaneously. This is however, is a remote possibility. The demolition activity proposed for dismantling the existing WTPs I & II also are expected to generate noise in the project site. The workers in general are likely to be exposed to an equivalent noise level of 80 to 90 dB (A) in an 8-hour shift, for which all statutory precautions are taken into consideration. However, careful planning of machinery selection, operations and scheduling of operations can reduce these levels. Similarly, some settlements are found along the alignment of the Clear Water Main. There will be an increase in the ambient noise level at these locations during the pipe laying period. The impact on sensitive areas could be mitigated by staggering the operation of construction equipment and avoiding construction during night times so that the noise levels are reduced to the permissible limits. Considering the onsite noise levels, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as ear muffs, etc. to the construction workers are provided. Operation Phase Pumps will be working 23hours per day at both headworks and the Water Treatment Plant and hence there will be an increase in the ambient noise level at these locations. The operating staff and the occupants in the quarters at these locations are considered as sensitive receptors. The increase in ambient noise level will have adverse impact on these sensitive receptors. However, to contain the 50 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY impacts of noise during operation, the pumps proposed to be used less noise generating pumps and in addition workers involved in the operation shall be provided with PPEs. For this purpose, pumps with low RPM have been chosen for the scheme. At the headworks site, the quarters would be located at about 200m away from the pump house. are away The pump sets/motor noise levels are maintained as per norms, ie 85-90 dB at 1 mtr distance and it is reduced at the quarters. Further, plantation is proposed in the vacant space in between which would further help in reduction of noise. In WTP site, the pump rooms are within the ULB site the extent of which is 3.56 acres. The noise levels at the boundary of the site is expected to be within limits and hence no impact on the residences which are quite far away from the source. Within the site, the operating staff are expected to be exposed to the noise impact, which would be intermittent. However in any case of requirement, the staff would be provided with PPEs while entering the pump rooms in both the headworks and WTP. 5.2.4 Water Quality The project envisages construction of an off-take well cum pumping station on the bank of Paraliar River. No pollution causing activities are present in upstream side of the River. However, during construction of the offtake well, care shall be taken to avoid dumping of construction debris, accidental spill of hazardous materials etc. into the River. Ground water will be extracted for construction activities of the project during the construction phase, which may lead to an insignificant reduction in ground water availability in the project area. No ground water polluting activities are envisaged during the construction or operation phase of the project. Further, the supply of adequate protected water to the project towns will reduce any dependence on ground water there by reducing the pressure on ground water in the region. Further, rain water harvesting have been proposed in all the project sites including the administrative building, control rooms etc in the WTP and SR sites for 51 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY recharging the ground water sources. This will be a major positive environmental impact of the project. Coffer dams will be provided for construction of head work without any disturbance of river water flow. After completion of work, the coffer dam and other construction debris will be removed, and river bed would be restored. Necessary Flow Diversion arrangement will be provided for construction of Pipe carrying bridges without any disturbance of river water flow. After completion of work, the flow diversion will be removed, and river bed would be restored. Drawal of 52.04 MLD from the source will not have any impact as the quantity is marginal compared to availability due to the minimum level of 956 mcft maintained in the Pechiparai dam which flows through Left Bank Channel of Puthendam. The Regional sustainability source finding Committee approved the source for the sustainability for Tapping of 52.04mld of water. a) River Crossing There are four river crossings proposed in the transmission alignment across River Palaiyar. The construction would be carried out with necessary precautions not to obstruct the flow of the channel. The design considerations made also would ensure minimum disturbance. It would be ensured that any flow diversion made to enable construction would be removed and river bed be restored upon completion of construction activities. b) Handling of filter backwash water Backwashing of filter media generates waste water containing debris, chemical Precipitates, straining of organic debris and plankton and residuals of excess chemical dosage etc. Filter wash water will be recycled from recirculation tank. It is proposed to recover and reuse the filter backwash water. Recovery and reuse will be accomplished by mixing the filter wash water with the influent raw water before or at the rapid-mix basin. The wash water is collected in a back wash water collection sump from which it is pumped into the plant raw water inflow. Suspended solids in the wash water settle along with other solids in the plant basin. 52 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY The recycling of filter wash water serves as a water conservation technique and may have economic advantages over other means of disposal. c) Handling of Water Treatment Sludge Water treatment sludge includes sludge from sedimentation of particulate matter in raw water flocculated and precipitated material resulting from chemical coagulation at Reactor Clarifiers, or residuals of excess chemical dosage, plankton etc. As the raw water quality is very good, the usage of chemicals (lime and alum) and generation of sludge will be minimal in quantity. Since sludge generation will be very small in quantity which would around 1-2 tonnes per day. Water treatment sludge will be dried in sludge drying beds and collected in Sludge pit and later disposed to Dump yard. Water collected from under drain of sludge drying bed will be sent to recirculation sump and then recirculated with raw water. d) SCADA System It is proposed to implement system with the following parameters to be monitored at the Head work, WTP & Service Reservoirs and at the Major tapping points or Branch point and gathering the real time data from remote locations, so as to monitor the entire components at a reduced maintenance cost. Centralized data storage and monitoring at the Master Control Room of the project is proposed at WTP. 1. Level in the offtake well. 2. Pressure at the discharge line. 3. Flow at the discharge line of pump houses. 4. Energy monitoring of each pump outlet. 5. Control valves actuator in the tender specified locations. 6. Flow at the inlet of SRs. 7. Level at each Sump and at Service Reservoirs. 8. Data recording at the Pump houses, & WTP Major tapping points and at Reservoir. 10. Automation for controlling the wash water from wash water tank and waste water from backwash to recycling sump at Water Treatment Plant. 53 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 11. Data transfer from RTU/PLC to SCADA monitoring Master Control Room (MCR). Centralized data storage and monitoring at the Master Control Room of the project. e) Handling of sewage from the project sites The Head works site will be provided with sanitation facilities in the Quarters. The sewage arising from here would be disposed through septic tanks proposed. The WTP has existing facilities which dispose the sewage into septic tanks. Hence no impact is expected on either the ground water or the surface water. 5.2.5 Soil Environment The impact on soil due to the proposed project will be in terms of loss of topsoil due to construction activities, extraction of soil from the borrow areas and soil erosion. Since no new borrow pits and quarries are envisaged for the proposed construction activities, no significant impacts are anticipated due to the project. Soil erosion may take place from the pipeline alignments if the soil is not compacted properly after filling the trenches and if the excess soil is left at the site. Pollution would take place to a negligible extent due to spillage of construction material, oil, fuel and grease around the construction sites. Care should be taken to minimize spillages of construction materials. Sludge containing Alum from the clarification units of the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) is stored on WTP site may lead to soil contamination and loss of top soil, if not disposed off in designated landfills for that purpose. Sufficient land is available at the proposed WTP site for dewatering of sludge and the dried sludge would be sent to the sludge pit proposed within the site and will be taken away for disposal periodically and hence no impact on soil quality at WTP is anticipated. The damaged pipes will be disposed to TSDF approved by TNPCB and in consultation with engineer concerned. 5.2.6 Biological Environment No forest areas, wild life sanctuaries or protected areas are present in the project influence area. The other ecological impacts of the project are discussed in the following sections. 54 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Terrestrial Ecology The proposed alignment of the transmission line passes along the Roads for 31.85 km for which permission is to be obtained from the concerned Department. No tree cutting is envisaged for laying of transmission lines, but during implementation options would be reviewed and it will be ensured that tree cutting would be minimized if any cutting is required. Further it is proposed to plant around 100 new trees as part of the scheme in the project sites like HW and SR sites. The maintenance of the plants will be taken care by the local body. However, the constructional activities may lead to inward migration of labour force in the area and thus there would be pressure on trees in the area due to increase in fuel demand. In order to prevent felling of trees in the neighbouring areas, adequate alternate fuel arranged to meet the fuel requirement of labour force. Tree plantation and landscaping proposed at the WTP and Service Reservoir locations will have a positive impact on the terrestrial ecology of the project area. Impacts on Aquatic Ecology The proposed offtake well will not affect the movement of fishes or any other fishery related activities. Hence no significant impacts on fish breeding or fish survival are anticipated due to the project activities. However, care taken to avoid deposition of construction waste / accidental spillage of construction material during the construction phase of the project and also by avoiding construction work during monsoon periods. Precautions would be taken also during the construction of pipe carrying bridges across the River Palayar. 5.2.7 Hydrogeology i) The raw water offtake cum pump house is proposed to be constructed on the bank of River Paraliar. The offtake structure has been designed for not to obstruct water flow in the river. It will have no impact on the river flow characteristics. ii) The location of the offtake is in the upstream of Puthen Dam, in between the flow of Perunchani dam and Puthen dam. The source availability has to be approved by the Water Utilization Committee of PWD for withdrawal of 52.04 55 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY MLD. It has been permitted after careful examination of water availability and the presence of other water supply schemes nearby by the Executive Engineer, PWD. The withdrawal would not exceed the permitted quantity and hence no impact is anticipated on the other schemes nearby. iii) Minor impacts are anticipated on the surface water drainage in the project area during the construction phase due to trenching work for pipe lines. iv) Precautions need to be taken during the pipe line work across canals and streams such that the flow in these water bodies is not obstructed thus affecting the cross drainage. 5.2.8 Social Environment During construction, traffic and safety issues may arise in the places of work. These are adequately identified and necessary precautionary measures like barricading, signages, reflective lights, etc would be provided. These measures are incorporated in the environmental management measures for implementation during construction. Regarding the establishment of the infrastructure for the scheme, the land required for constructing various project facilities such as construction of, off take well cum pump house, sump, WTP besides 11 elevated service reservoirs. These sites are owned by Rural Local Body, Public Works Department, Police, Revenue Department, Cooperative housing society and so on. Steps are being taken up by the Nagercoil Municipality and TWAD Board to obtain necessary enter upon permission for various sites. Social Screening exercise was carried out by the TWAD Board officials along with municipal officials and observed that there are no any encumbrances in any of the above sites. The Social screening form duly filled and signed is annexed with this report as per Annexure II. Based on the above this sub project doesn’t involve acquisition of private land and all the sites required for this project is free from encroachment, squatters, hawkers, hence this is falls under the social category of S3 as per para 24, Table-7 of ESMF. The social impacts are assessed and details are provided separately in Social Impact Assessment Report. 56 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 5.2.9 Other Management Measures 5.2.9.1 Energy consumption and conservation The project involves pipes of length around 500 km in undulating terrain with the gradient varying between 71m MSL and 40m MSL. , The transmission main with pumping is 31.85 km. The head works for the scheme with off take well with 3 pump sets (2 working + 1 standby) of capacity 14899 lpm x 26m head,. The total power consumption for the pumping mains and other miscellaneous consumption (lighting etc) is 630kw. The pumps are selected with efficiency level of 75% which is more economic in power consumption. Also the pumps are with 950-1000 rpm selected so as to minimize the power consumption compare to the high rpm pumps. The consumption of electricity for lighting in Head works and WTP is 14 kilo watts for which energy efficient lighting has been proposed. 5.2.9.2 Management of floods In case of any flooding due to heavy rains, any release from the dam would flow through the surplus river course and the head works is located near river bank of Paraliar. Hence no impact is envisaged during floods. 5.2.9.3 Safety in Construction Phase x Adequate Precautions Will Be Taken To Prevent The Accidents And From The Machineries. All Machines Used Will Conform To The Relevant Indian Standards Code And Will Be Regularly Inspected By The TWAD. x Where Loose Soil Is Met With, Shoring And Strutting Will Be Provided To Avoid Collapse Of Soil. x Barricading Of Construction Site / Manholes At All Times In A Day With Adequate Signage. x Protective footwear and protective goggles to all workers employed on mixing of materials like cement, concrete etc. x Welder’s protective eye-shields will be provided to workers’ who are engaged in welding works. x Earplugs will be provided to workers exposed to loud noise, and workers working in crushing, compaction, or concrete mixing operation 57 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY x The contractor will supply all necessary safety appliances such as safety goggles, helmets, safety belts, ear plugs, mask etc to workers and staffs. x The contractor will comply with all the precautions as required for ensuring the safety of the workmen as per the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No.62 as far as those are applicable to this contract. x The contractor will make sure that during the construction work all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and other Construction Workers (regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, 1996 and adhered to. x The contractor will not employ any person below the age of 18 years for any work and no woman will be employed on the work of painting with products containing lead in any form. 5.2.9.4 Safety Aspects of O&M x All the sites for WTP, sump and OHTs are provided with compound wall of height 3.0m all around for safety purpose. x The structures will be provided with easy access ladders, and handrails, interconnections between all units with proper safe walkway platforms for movement to avoid falling of human and materials. Electrical cables are laid in cable trenches. Open spaces at height will be covered with parapet walls and handrails. x Chlorine Use in WTP The consumption of chlorine per day is around 82 Kgs. So, the yearly consumption is 30 tonnes at the WTP works. It is proposed to use 3 Nos. in filled condition having 2.7 tonnes maximum at a time. The necessary safety measures for the storage and usage of Chlorine gas will be provided. The chlorine gas leak detectors will be provided to identify the leakage for immediate remedial actions. The emergency repair kit, Personal safety kit like full body cover, Oxygen kit for breathing, face mask, body shower and eye washers would be provided. For all these measures requiring separate items, and for those above in other sections cost provided in the table for EMP cost estimate. 58 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY The operating staff shall be given training as required for operation and handling chlorine gas plant. The person will be nominated to handle emergency if any. Detailed information on the proposed safety measures in storage and handling of chlorine in WTP is provided in Annexure – IV. 5.2.9.5Control of Water leakage/wastage The quantity of water outflow will be monitored from the headworks up to the Elevated Storage Reservoirs (by Electro-magnetic flow meters (EMF), and the same will be monitored at WTP at Krishnancoil for any wastage in the transmission line. The action may be taken if any wastage/ leakage are noticed in the line. The necessary action may be taken to avoid the wastage of water. From the clear water sump, the transmission main starts and the water outflow is monitored at all the locations to avoid wastage of water. Air valves would be provided at 500m intervals totalling 82 locations to control surge in the transmission line. 59 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 5.2.9.6Demolition of WTP I & II and Handling of waste The WTP I & II units capacity are 5.68MLD and 7.08 MLD, it was constructed in 1941 &1978at krishankovil. Due to leakage of Pipeline and damage of existing structure, the project envisages demolition of existing structures related to WTP units I & II. in this project. In this proposal, the first step is to enhance the existing WTP III of 12 MLD to 18 MLD. Upon completion of this augmentation of WTP III, the inlet of WTP I & II would be connected to WTP III, to continue with the current water supply. After this, demolition of existing WTP units I & II would be carried out, where the proposed new WTP would be constructed. During demolition of structure, care shall be taken to avoid dust and to dump the scraps of materials in the site. Use personal protective equipment (PPE) during demolition work. Inspect all stairs, passageways and ladders, illuminate all stairways. Screen is providing for surrounding area for avoiding dust pollution. The demolition of the existing treatment units would be carried out by cordoning the area from trespass and to control dust. Efficient housekeeping would be practiced during demolition and handling of waste. The demolition waste shall be disposed in line as per C&D waste management rules 2016. 5.2.9.7 Compensatory Tree Plantation Plan No tree cuttings have been identified to be present in proximity to the proposed alignment. Construction activity to be done without Tree cutting activity if any, Compensatory plantation will be 10 times to the number of trees being cut. It is proposed to plant around 100 new trees as part of the scheme in the project sites like WTP and along municipal service road. Table 5. 1- Proposed Plantation within project Site S.No. Botanical name Common name 1 Azadirachta indica Neem 2 Albizia lebbeck benth Vakai 3 Polyalthia longifolia False Ashoka 4 Arasa maram Ficus religiosa 5 Bambusa arundinacea Mullumungil 7 Thespesia populnea Portia tree,poovarasu 60 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 8 Peltophorum pterocarpum Copper pod tree 10 Cassia Fistula Manjal kondrai 11 Melai azadirach Malaivembu 12 Mimusops elengilinn Maglim 13 Poinciana pulcherrima Mayuram 5.2.9.8 Training of operation staff Periodical training would be provided to the staffs and operators involved in the project O&M for chemical handling, emergency, SCADA O&M, line maintenance, valve operations, electrical & mechanical operations, cleaning of sumps and SRs. 61 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.1 Objectives Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required to manage environmental impacts from the proposed project. It is a site specific plan developed to ensure that all necessary measures are identified and implemented in order to protect the environment. Site specific EMP is formulated to mitigate significant adverse environmental impacts that are identified and quantified in the process of baseline and impact assessment. An EMP also ensures that the resources are utilized to maximum extent, waste generation is minimized, residuals treated adequately and by-products are recycled to the extent possible. 6.2 Environmental Management Plan for Pre-Construction Phase Environmental Management Plan (EMP) during Pre – Construction, Construction and operation phase is given under Table 6.1. 62 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Table 6.1: Environmental Management Plan for Pre- Construction, Construction and Operation Sl. Potential Mitigation Measures Time frame Responsible No. Negative agencies Impacts Pre- Construction 1 Clearances All clearance required during construction will be ensured and made Before start TWAD available before start of work. Permissions will be obtained from the of concerned authority. construction 2 Tree cutting Construction activity to be done without Tree cutting activity if any, During TWAD Compensatory plantation will be 10 times to the number of trees being cut. construction 3 Utility Identify the common utilities to be affected such as: telephone cables, Before start of TWAD Board Relocation electric cables, electric poles, water pipelines, public water taps etc. construction / Contractor Affected utilities will be relocated with prior approval of the concerned agencies before construction starts 4 Permissions State High ways, National High Ways, other district highways, and Railway Before start of TWAD from other crossing for which permission was applied for a length of approximately construction departments 62 km.PWD approval for the withdrawal of 52.04MLD and pipe carrying bridge for river crossing will be constructed at three locations for a length of 40m, 20m, 30m & 60m. 5 Design Criteria All the units of Head Works, treatment plant, Sump, and Pump Rooms will Before start of TWAD be designed in such a way that it can withstand maximum load and without construction compromising performance. The design will take into consideration all the measures identified. 63 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY During Construction 1 Baseline Adequate measures will be taken and checked to control the Baseline During TWAD/Contr parameters parameters of Air, Water and Noise pollution. Base line parameters Construction actor recorded will be used for monitoring and conformance be ensured. 2 Planning of The activities are limited to the project sites and right of way. During During TWAD/Contr temporary execution of works, as per the need in the site, necessary permissions for construction actor traffic temporary diversion will be obtained. Signages and safety measures arrangements including flagmen are provided at the site. 3 Storage of The contractor will identify site for temporary use of land for Before start of Contractor/ materials construction sites / storage of construction materials, etc. construction TWAD 4 Construction i) Contractor will follow all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 During Contractor of labour and the Building and the other Construction Workers (Regulation of construction camps Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 for construction and maintenance of labour camp). ii) The location, layout and basic facility provision of each labour camp will be submitted to Engineer prior to their construction. The construction will commence only upon the written approval of the Engineer. The contractor will maintain necessary living accommodation and ancillary facilities in functional and hygienic manner and as approved by the Engineer. All temporary accommodation must be constructed and maintained in such a fashion that uncontaminated water is available for drinking, cooking and washing. In case of women labourers, exclusive bathing and toilet facilities shall be provided. The sewage system for the camp must be planned and safely disposed. 64 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Necessary arrangement shall be made for collection of solid wastes and disposal shall be in co-ordination with the municipality. Adequate health care is to be provided for the work force. The layout of the construction camp and details of the facilities provided will be prepared and will be approved by the Engineer. Awareness about HIV/AIDS will be provided, grievance redressal mechanism for the camps, [only suggestion] 5 Safety Aspects Adequate precautions will be taken to prevent the accidents and from the During Contractor machineries. All machines used will conform to the relevant Indian construction standards Code and will be regularly inspected by the TWAD. Where loose soil is met with, shoring and strutting will be provided to avoid collapse of soil. Barricading of construction site / manholes at all times in a day with adequate signage. Protective footwear and protective goggles to all workers employed on mixing of materials like cement, concrete etc. Welder’s protective eye-shields will be provided to workers’ who are engaged in welding works. Earplugs will be provided to workers exposed to loud noise, and workers working in crushing, compaction, or concrete mixing operation The contractor will supply all necessary safety appliances such as safety goggles, helmets, safety belts, ear plugs, mask etc to workers and staffs. The contractor will comply with all the precautions as required for ensuring the safety of the workmen as per the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No.62 as far as those are applicable to this 65 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY contract. The contractor will make sure that during the construction work all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and other Construction Workers (regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, 1996 and adhered to. The contractor will not employ any person below the age of 18 years for any work and no woman will be employed on the work of painting with products containing lead in any form. 6 Disposal of A suitable site identified for safe disposal, in low lying areas within the Pre- Contractor / construction project area, away from the water bodies as approved by the Engineer in construction TWAD debris and charge and to other low lying area in consultation with engineer and excavated concerned and local body. Construction materials 7 Barricading The activities would be restricted to project sites and right of way for During Contractor site alignment. Barricading with adequate marking, flags, reflectors etc. will be construction provided along the alignment for safety of restricted traffic movement and pedestrians. 8 Clearing of Contractor to prepare site restoration plans, the plan is to be implemented After Contractor construction by the contractor prior to demobilization completion of camps and On completion of the works, all temporary structures will be cleared Construction restoration away, all rubbish cleared, excreta or other disposal pits or trenches filled in and effectively sealed off and the site left clean and tidy, at the contractor’s expenses, to the entire satisfaction of the engineer. 9 Pollution from The contractor will ensure that all construction vehicle parking location, During Contractor Fuel and fuel / lubricants storage sites, vehicle, machinery and equipment Construction Lubricants maintenance and refuelling sites will be located at least 500m from rivers 66 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY and irrigation canal / ponds All location and layout plans of such sites will be submitted by the Contractor prior to their establishment and will be approved by the Engineer Contractor will ensure that all vehicle / machinery and equipment operation, maintenance and refuelling will be carried out in such a fashion that spillage of fuels and lubricants does not contaminate the ground. Contractor will arrange for collection, storing and disposal of oily wastes to the pre-identified disposal sites (list to be submitted to Engineer) and approved by the Engineer. All spills and collected petroleum products will be disposed off in accordance with MoEF and state PCB guidelines. 10 Pollution from All waste arising from the project is to be disposed off in the manner in During Contractor Construction consultation with TWAD Engineer Construction Wastes 11 Storage of Site identified for safe storage and handling of chemicals and other During Contractor chemicals and hazardous materials provided with proper display of requirements and Construction other marking as protected area. hazardous materials 12 Informatory The contractor will provide, erect and maintain informatory/ safety signs During Contractor signs and hoardings written in English and local language, wherever required or as Construction Hoardings suggested by the Engineer 13 First Aid The contractor will arrange for: During Contractor A readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized Construction dressing materials and appliances as per the Factories Rules in every work zone. 67 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Availability of suitable transport at all times to take injured or sick person(s) to the nearest hospital 14 Risk from The contractor will take all required precautions to prevent danger from During Contractor Electrical electrical equipment and ensure that- Construction Equipments No material will be so stacked or placed as to cause danger or inconvenience to any person or the public All necessary fencing and lights will be provided to protect the public in construction zones. All machines to be used in the construction will conform to the relevant Indian Standard (IS) codes, will be free from patent defect, will be kept in good working order, will be regularly inspected and properly maintained as per IS provision and to the satisfaction of the Engineer 15 Waste The contractor will provide garbage bins in the camps and ensure that During Contractor Disposal these are regularly emptied and disposed off in a hygienic manner as per construction the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan approved by the Engineer. Unless otherwise arranged by local sanitary authority, arrangements for disposal of night soils (human excreta) suitably approved by the local medical health or municipal authorities or as directed by Engineer will have to be provided by the contractor 16 Environmental The water, air, soil and noise quality will be monitored in pre-construction Pre- TWAD Monitoring and Construction phase as detailed in Table 6.2 in EIA Report. construction & &Contractor. Construction 17 First Aid The contractor will arrange for: During Contractor A readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized construction dressing materials and appliances as per the Factories Rules in every 68 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY work zone. Availability of suitable transport at all times to take injured or sick person(s) to the nearest hospital 18 Rainwater Rainwater harvesting arrangements shall be provided in WTP, and Sump Construction Contractor harvesting for collecting and storing rainwater from rooftops and recharging ground Phase and TWAD water through pits. 19 Protection of Compound wall of 3.0 m height shall be provided at Headworks and Construction Contractor sites service reservoirs except Krishnankovil, for protection. WTP Plant and Phase and TWAD krishnancovil reservoir already provided 3.0m Height. 20 Accessibility to Adequate road facilities have been provided in WTP for movement of Construction Contractor sites vehicle and unloading of chemicals without disturbing of existing features Phase and TWAD and activities. OHTs are strategically located to have direct access and without disturbing existing structures in the identified site. 21 Demolition of Complete augmentation of the WTP III and connect the inlet of WTP I & II Construction Contractor existing to WTP III prior to start of demolition of WTP I & II. Phase and TWAD structures During demolition of structure WTP I & II, care shall be taken to avoid related to WTP dust and to dump the scraps of materials in the site. units I & II AT Use personal protective equipment (PPE) during demolition work. Inspect krishankovil all stairs, passageways and ladders, illuminate all stairways. WTP Site Screen is providing for surrounding area for avoiding dust pollution. The demolition of the existing treatment units would be carried out by cordoning the area from trespass and to control dust. Efficient housekeeping would be practiced during demolition and handling of waste. The demolition waste shall be handled in line as per C&D waste management rules 2016. 69 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Head Works / WTP/ ESR 1 Protection of Top soil from the Head works area will be stored in stock piles and that can During top soil & be used for gardening purposes at Head works site which will be an construction Contractor Environmental environmental enhancing measure enhancing 2 Construction Coffer dams will be provided for construction of head work without any During of Head work disturbance of river water flow. construction Contractor After completion of work, the coffer dam and other construction debris will / TWAD/ be removed, and river bed would be restored. PWD 3 Water Adequate road facility has been provided inside of treatment plant for During TWAD / treatment movement vehicles and heavy vehicles for unloading of chemical. construction Contractor plant Rain water harvesting will be provided for recharging of ground water . through pit. Display boards on safety measures and emergency measures to be installed. Regular training for the staffs operating the units of WTP with various aspects of maintaining water quality and safety. Providing equipments like ear plugs to workers near the noise source. Adequate stack height is given in D.G Set as per CPCB norms. 4 Downstream Ensure that the flow stream is not obstructed during construction of coffer During Contractor users (impacts dam as directed by Engineer in charge so that there is no impact on the construction arising due to downstream users. coffer dams, etc.) 5 Permissions Permissions from Southern Railways, National and state Highways, TNPWD, During TWAD from other and Revenue Department etc., will be obtained. implementation 70 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY departments 6 Restoring river Ensure the restoring of river bed to its natural shape free from any debris or Prospective constructi bed / water construction junk material that may obstruct the flow. contractor on and source operation 7 Disposal of The contractor shall identify the sites for debris disposal and should be Pre- Contractor construction finalized prior to start of the earthworks; taking into account the following construction / TWAD/ debris and (a) The dumping does not impact natural drainage courses and operation. Nagercoil excavated Municipali (b) no endangered / rare flora is impacted by such dumping materials. ty (c) Settlement area located at least 1.0 km away from the site. (d) Should be located in non residential areas located in the down wind side (e) located at least 100m from the designated forest land. (f) avoid disposal on productive land. (g) should be located with the consensus of the local community, in consultation with the engineer and upon approval by the local body. Minimize the construction debris by balancing the cut and fill requirements. Wherever feasible, the construction debris shall be provided for reuse. 7 Tree The project does not envisage tree cutting in any of the project sites or During TWAD / plantation alignment. However, as an enhancement measure, trees will be grown in the construction Contractor head work and SR sites etc. Proposed list of trees is given in Table 5.1 of the EIA report. Safety in Sites 8 Additional The structures will be provided with easy access ladders, and handrails, During Contractor safety interconnections between all units with proper safe walkway platforms for construction . measures movement to avoid falling of human and materials. Electrical cables are going to be laid in cable trenches. Open spaces at height will be covered with parapet walls and handrails. 71 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Construction of Pumping Mains /Transmission Mains 1 Protection of The top soil to be protected and compacted after completion of work, where During Contractor top soil the pipelines run. construction 2 Laying of Adequate precautions will be taken while laying the water supply mains to During TWAD/ pipeline avoid the possibility of cross connection with sewer drains. construction Contractor Surge protection arrangements have been provided in the clear water main at three locations in order to avoid line bursts to prevent wastage. Air valve is provided at an interval of 500m in all transmission main to prevent leakage. Utilities like street light etc. will be relocated without disturbing existing power lines and obtaining prior permission from concerned department. In the event of any damaged pipes found in the distribution system it will be disposed to TSDF approved by TNPCB. Pipe carrying bridges: Necessary Flow Diversion arrangement will be provided for construction of Pipe carrying bridges without any disturbance of river water flow. After completion of work, the flow diversion will be removed, and river bed would be restored. 3 Shifting of Ensure community consensus and minimum impact to common utilities like Pre- Concerned common construction telephone cable, electric cables, electric poles, water taps and etc., Proper departments utilities clearance to be obtained from the concerned authorities before & / TWAD construction commencement of works. phase 4 Traffic Before taking up of construction activity, a Traffic Control Plan will be During TWAD / diversion devised and implemented to the satisfaction of the Engineer. construction Contractor Construction will be taken phase-wise so that sections are available for 72 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY traffic Temporary diversion will be provided with the approval of the engineer. The Detailed traffic management plans prepared and submitted to the engineers for approval one week prior to commencement of works will contain details of temporary diversion, details of arrangements for construction under traffic, details of traffic arrangement after cessation of work each day, SIGNAGES, safety measures for transport of hazardous materials and arrangements of flagmen. The arrangement for the temporary diversion of the land will ensure to minimize the environmental impacts like loss of vegetation, productive lands etc., prior to the finalization of diversion and detours. Special consideration will be given to the preparation of the traffic control plan for safety of pedestrians and workers at night. The contractor will ensure that the diversion/detour is always maintained in running condition, particularly during the monsoon to avoid disruption to traffic flow. He will inform local community of changes to traffic routes, conditions and pedestrians access arrangements. This plan will be periodically reviewed with respect to site conditions. The temporary traffic detour will be kept free of dust by frequent application of water. 5 Temporary Excavation during the laying of mains should be carried out with proper During TWAD / flooding due to drainage arrangements to avoid the overflowing of existing drains. construction Contractor excavation 6 Using of Using of modern machineries such as JCBs, backhoes etc, will be used to During Contractor modern minimize the construction period, it will reduce the construction period construction machineries impacts to the nearby residents 73 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 7 Dust pollution All earth work will be protected in manner acceptable to the engineer to During Contractor near minimize generation of dust. Area under construction will be covered & construction settlements equipped will dust collector. Construction material will be covered or stored in such a manner so as to avoid being affected by wind direction. Unpaved haul roads near / passing through residential and commercial areas to be watered thrice a day Trucks carrying construction material to be adequately covered to avoid the dust pollution and to avoid the material spillage 8 Protection of Noisy construction operations in residential and sensitive areas will be During Contractor residential done only between 7.30 am and 6.00 pm construction sensitive Preventive maintenance of construction equipment and vehicles to meet receptors emission standards and to keep them with low noise Provision of enclosing generators and concrete mixers at site. Sound barriers in inhabited areas will be installed during the construction phase. Adequate barricading / other measures to protect dust pollution near sensitive receptors like schools and hospital etc. to be ensured 9 Vehicular Idling of temporary trucks or other equipment should not be permitted During Contractor noise pollution during periods of loading / unloading or when they are not in active use. construction at residential / The practice must be ensured especially near residential / commercial / sensitive sensitive areas. receptors Stationary construction equipment will be kept at least 500 m away from sensitive receptors. All possible and practical measures to control noise emissions during 74 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY drilling will be employed. The TWAD may direct to take adequate controls measures depending on site conditions. 10 Noise from Servicing of all construction vehicles and machinery will be done regularly During Contractor vehicles, and during routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust construction plants and silencers will be checked and if found defective will be replaced. equipments Maintenance of vehicles, equipment and machinery will be regular and up to the satisfaction of the Engineer to keep noise levels at the minimum. 11 Storage of Site for storage of pipes and construction materials to be identified, without During Contractor construction affecting the traffic and other common utilities construction materials 12 Pollution from The Contra will take all precautionary measures to prevent the wastewater During Contractor Construction generated during construction (e.g., during the testing of pipeline) from construction wastes entering into streams, water bodies. 13 Environmental EHS guidelines of World Bank will be complied with during construction. During Contractor Health and construction Safety. and post- construction IN OPERATION PHASE 1 Noise The pumps will adhere to the standards of noise. Regular maintenance will During Contractor/ Management be carried out to restrict the noise levels. operation TWAD Provided noise control measures and Staffs entering the pump room will be provided with PPEs. Noise monitoring will be carried out at WTP and Head Works periodically near the noise generating units like the pump operations and D.G.Sets. 75 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Green belt is provided in WTP and SR sites for reduction of noise level. 2 Water Control valves would be provided in the inlet of sump and service During TWAD/ Management reservoirs to control the flow. It can be used to stop the flow until the operation Contractor leakage is rectified. Water meters at pumping stations are used to measure and monitor the flow. In this project, monitoring and controlling the flow in the system will be done with flow control valve with the help of SCADA system. The backwash water is collected in the recycle sump and re-circulated with raw water. Drained Water collected from sludge drying bed will be re-circulated with raw water. SCADA system will be provided for monitoring the water treatment plant. The details on SCADA system is given in Chapter 5.2.4 in EIA report. 3 Soil The dry sludge from the treatment plant will be stored in sludge pit and During Contractor/T Management utilized for filing in low laying area in consultation with the Engineer. operation WAD 4 Air Automatic chlorine leak detection and related alarm equipment to be During Contractor/T Management installed at chlorine storage room in WTP. It is connected to a remote operation WAD audible and visual alarm system and checked on a regular basis to verify proper operation. Separate storage room provided for full, partial, or empty chlorine cylinders. Diesel generators will be operated only for emergency power backup. The emission source diesel generators will have adequate stack height as per the norms of CPCB and regular maintenance of diesel engines has to be ensured in the Treatment Plant. 76 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 5 TransportationGuidelines and procedures in Motor vehicle Act 1986 for transportation; During Contractor and storage ofManufacture, Storage and import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules 1989 to be operation hazardous followed for storage and handling of Hazardous chemicals: Insurance covers chemicals to be taken for accidents and cost of clean-up operations. 6 Handling ofThe unit will be provided necessary safety measures for the storage of Alum During Contractor Chemicals &Chlorine cylinders and provide emergency repair kit and personal safety operation kit like full body cover, face mask, body and eye shower etc. at the site. Eye showers will be provided in WTP. The unit will install Chlorine gas leak detector system (Chlorine Gas Sensor) at the site. 7 Environmental The water, air noise and soil quality will be monitored periodically. During TWAD & Monitoring The water quality will be monitored at various points prior to distribution – operation Contractor. head work, treatment plant, sump, SR sites. Monitoring of noise levels will be carried out at head work, WTP and Sump. Detailed monitoring record will be maintained. Periodical report will be send to the Engineer. The frequency and parameters for Environmental Monitoring detail is given in Table 6.3 of the EIA report. 8 Other Providing equipments like ear plugs to workers near the noise source. During TWAD & Management Providing PPEs for safe working of personnel in critical areas like operation Contractor measures at chlorination plant will be ensured. Sites Display boards on safety measures and emergency measures to be installed. Regular training for the staffs operating the Head Works with various aspects of maintaining water quality and safety in operation maintenance and chemical handling. PPEs for the workers exposed to high noise. Regular maintenance of the greenbelt and landscaping made at the project 77 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY sites with watering, manuring, pruning etc. 9. Online Installation of SCADA System for online monitoring at the Head works, WTP Operation TWAD/Contr Monitoring sump, Service Reservoirs gathering the real time data from remote Phase actor System locations. The detail of SCADA is given in Chapter 5.3.7 in EIA report.. through SCADA 10 Training for Periodical training would be provided to the staffs and operators involved During TWAD / staff in the project O&M for chemical handling, emergency, SCADA O&M, line Operation Contractor. maintenance, valve operations, electrical & mechanical operations, cleaning of sump and SRs. 11 O&M Measures Rain water harvesting structures, sludge drying pits, Sump and WTP units During Contractor/T shall be cleaned periodically. Operation WAD Periodically inspection of Pump/motor, Wear ring, impeller and lubrication, alarm systems. Repair and renewal of Mechanical & electrical equipments, civil works etc., 12 Water The backwash water is collected in the recycle sump and re-circulated with During Contractor/T Treatment raw water. Operation WAD Plant On-line monitoring through SCADA is proposed which would prevent overflow and wastage water. Dried Sludge will be stored in sludge pit and utilized for filing in low laying area. 13 Disposal of The sludge from the treatment plant after drying in the sludge drying bed During Contractor/T sludge shall be disposed in the pit constructed within the site. Operation WAD 78 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 6.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan Environmental Monitoring Plan of construction and operation phase is given in Table 6.2 & 6.3. Table 6.2: Environmental Monitoring Plan Pre-Construction &Construction Phase Attributes Parameters Frequency Location Responsible Agency Pre-Construction & Construction Phase Air Quality PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO and Pb Seasonal Sampling Head work -1 No Contractor through (standards as per CPCB) Treatment Plant- 1 No approved monitoring agencies Water Quality Drinking water standards as per Seasonal Sampling Head works -1 No Contractor through IS 10500:2012. WTP – inlet and outlet-1 No approved monitoring agencies Noise Level Noise level on dB (A) scale noise Seasonal Sampling Treatment Plant-1 No Contractor through levels on dB (A) scale (as per Head work -1 No approved monitoring MoEF Noise Rulers, 2000) agencies Soil Quality Monitoring of Pb, sar and Oil & Seasonal Sampling Treatment Plant- 1No Contractor Grease (standards as per TNPCB) Health All relevant Regular check-ups Contractor parameters including HIV as per Factories Act 79 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY Table 6.3: Environmental Monitoring Plan Operation Phase Attributes Parameters Frequency Location Responsible Agency Operation Phase Air Emissions PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO and Pb Seasonal Sampling Head work -1 No Implementing (standards as per CPCB) (3 times a year) Treatment Plant- 1 No Agency Stack monitoring for D.G.Sets Water Quality Drinking water Standards as per Seasonal Sampling Head works -1 No Implementing IS 10500:2012. (4 times a year) WTP – inlet and outlet-1 No Agency Noise Level Noise level on Db (A) scale noise Seasonal Sampling Treatment Plant-1 No Implementing agency levels on dB (A) scale (as per (4 times a year) Head work -1 No MoEF Noise Rulers, 2000) Soil quality Monitoring of Pb, sar and Oil & Seasonal Sampling Treatment Plant- 1No Implementing Grease (4 times a year) Agency Health All relevant parameters Regular checkups as Implementing (BP, Sugar, chest X-ray, per factories act. Agency Eye vision, etc.) Safety First Aid, replacement of PPE Yearly Treatment Plant Implementing Monitoring Agency Green Belt No. of plants, species, survival Once a year Head work and SR sites Implementing Development status Agency 80 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 6.4 EMP Cost Table 6.4: EMP Cost of the Project S.No Management Group Description Cost Estimate Reference measure Code 1. Tree plantation A 1000 trees at Rs.1,09,600/= Included in cost Rs100/tree and estimate tree guard at Rs. 800 for 1000 trees. A Maintenance Included in above arrangement with cost watering 2 Removal of A Construction and Included in BOQ Included in BOQ coffer dam in removal of Offtake works Cofferdam for and restoration construction of of river bed Offtake structures. 3 Barricading A Included in BOQ Included in BOQ trenches 4 Recirculation A Included in Included in BOQ Included in BOQ arrangements, specifications under Sludge drying Sludge bed and sludge pit 6 Disposal of B Rs.2500/trip/tipper Rs.60,000/ Required from sludge /5tonnes/month Annum operation stage 7 Chlorine Leak A - - Included in Detection/Alarm Technical eye showers Specification for Mask Chlorinators with Cylinder 8 Construction of A Head works, 10 SRs Included in BOQ Included in BOQ Compound wall with 3 mtrs height. 9 Septic Tank and A At Headworks, WTP Included in BOQ Pipe connection sites and SR sites works to existing sewerage 10 Rain water Included in BOQ Harvesting Structures 11 Energy Efficient A Lighting fixtures in Included in BOQ Included in BOQ Lighting project sites 81 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 12 Disposal of A Included in BOQ excavated excess earth and construction debris 13 Environmental B Noise Rs.30,000/Annum Required from Monitoring operation stage B Raw Water quality Rs.4000/ annum Required from (Seasonal) operation stage B Clear Water quality Rs.60,000/ Required from – Minimum 5 annum. operation stage locations Monthly testing (Rs.1000/test) B Sludge – 1 location Rs.12000/annum Required from Monthly operation stage (Rs.1000/test) 10 PPEs for O&M C Included in BOQ for Rs.25000/annum Required after 5 O&M Period years of O&M 11 Safety Training C Included in BOQ for Rs.20000/annum Required after 1 1 year of O&M after completion year of O&M of O&M TOTAL (A) – During Construction Rs.1,09, 600 TOTAL (B) – Yearly recurring cost from operation Rs.1,66,000 stage TOTAL (B + C) – Yearly cost after completion of Rs.2,11,000 contractor’s O&M 82 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION As per the World Bank policy on access to information and disclosure, the proposed project attracts Public Hearing. The Public Hearing was arranged by TWAD Board officials at beneficiary Municipality. The concerned persons having plausible stake in environment aspects were requested to attend the meeting. Information on Public Consultation were informed explicitly to the stake holders/beneficiaries concerned in the municipality notifying the date and time in newspapers, pamphlets, issuing notices door to door and keeping displays etc,. The public consultations were presided over by Municipal Authority. The members from TWAD Board explained the salient aspects of the proposed project during the meeting. The stake holders/beneficiaries were asked to offer their views on the proposed project. ULB public consultation was conducted at Nagercoil on 5.5.17. The Canvassing Photos and Newspaper notification and Minutes of the meetings held at Nagercoil Municipal office is given below. The details of public consultation are given in Annexure V. 7.1 Outcome of Public Consultation The Participants at the public consultation were keen on the following aspects: ¾ Time frame of the proposed project and date of commissioning ¾ Amount to be paid as water tax after the implementation ¾ Maintenance during operation of the proposed project ¾ Various components of the proposed water supply scheme It was evident from the public consultation that the people are eagerly awaiting for the early implementation of the project. The public also expressed their grievances on present water scarcity and assured complete support during the implementation of this much awaited water supply scheme in their respective Municipality. 83 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 8. IMPLEMENTATION AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS The proposed project is to provide Water Supply Scheme to Nagercoil Municipality in Kannayakumari district, with River Paraliar as source. This project will be implemented by TWAD under the scheme of Tamil Nadu Sustainable Urban Development Project (TNSUDP) at an estimating cost of Rs. 251.43 Crores. The project is proposed to be implemented by TWAD through Prospective contractor.The environmental management plan identified for the construction will be included in the bid documents for ensuring implementation of the environmental safeguards. Implementation of the management measures by the contractor will be ensured by TWAD Board and report on ESMF compliance will be submitted to TNUIFSL periodically. The management measures identified for operation phase will be taken up by the Prospective contractor upto maintenance period and beyond that by TWAD Board/ Nagercoil Municipality. 8.1Grievance Redressal Mechanism TWAD Board has proposed to provide a Water Supply Scheme to Nagercoil Municipality in Kanyakumari district. The management measures identified for the operation phase will be taken up by the TWAD Board upon completion of construction activities. The TWAD Board will have Grievance Redressal mechanisms to handle the grievances of the project. A project level grievance Redressal committee will be set up and the members are as follows (preferably one of them as women) 1. Executive Engineer (Projects –TWAD Board) 2. Commissioner / Nagercoil Municipality 3. A person who is publicly known in the local area Step by step approach will be followed for redressing grievances. First, the aggrieved person shall approach the GRC in the first stage and the grievance committee will look into the grievances and resolve the issues. The proceedings of GRC will be documented. 84 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY If not satisfied with the resolution provided by GRC, then the complainants can appeal to the grievance redressal mechanisms available at the office of CMA/TWAAD Board. This will be constituted and contact details of the members will be intimated to the general public during the implementation of the project. TWAD Board will submit monthly reports on the status of compliance with the ESMF requirements to TNUIFSL. 85 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 9. PROJECT BENEFITS 9.1 Present Scenario The existing sources three water supply schemes (Mukkadal Dam and Ananthanar Channel) of Nagercoil Municipality are inadequate to draw the additional requirement.At present the level of supply of water to Nagercoil Municipality is 85 lpcd and supply once in five days. Considering the Population growth and as per present norms, it has been proposed to step up the service level from 90 lpcd to 135 lpcd taking into account of proposed UGSS in Nagercoil Municipality. 9.2 Project Benefits The proposed water supply scheme is provided to Nagercoil municipality in Kanyakumari district with River of Paraliar (Puthen Dam) as source. The detailed water requirement and proposal to each of them are as follows: Nagercoil Municipality At present 85LPCD of water is being supplied through 12 existing service reservoirs. It is proposed to construct 11 Nos. of service reservoirs additionally in the following places: Sl.No Location Capacity 1. Krishnancoil 7.50 LL – 1 No. 2. Aseervatham Nagar 2.40 LL – 1 No. 3. Asaripallam (Near Medical College) 8.80 LL – 1 No. 4. Gnanamnagar 2.50 LL – 1 No. 5. Kottar 8.80 LL – 1 No 6. Kariamanickapuram 2.20 LL – 1 No. 7. V.N colony 9.10 LL – 1 No. 8. Sarakkalvilai(Near NGO Colony) 5.00 LL – 1 No. 9. Ponnappanadar colony 8.00 LL – 1 No. 10. North Soorankudi 1.10 LL – 1 No. 11. Nesamanynagar 5.00 LL – 1 No. After the implementation of the scheme in this region, it is proposed to supply the balance requirement of 41.12 MLD for the intermediate year (2032) and 52.04 MLD for ultimate year (2047). 86 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY The Water supply in the study area continues to be inadequate, despite longstanding efforts by the various levels of government and communities at improving coverage. The proposed project is an innovative and demand-driven approach to improve the water supply in the study area. Hence the implementation of this project will definitely assure improved access to water in the water scarce area. 87 PROVIDING WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT SCHEME TO NAGERCOIL MUNICIPALITY 10. CONCLUSION The proposed project envisages water supply to Nagercoil Municipality throughout the day with source as River Paraliar. Water treatment plant at Krishnankoivilis proposed to make it more acceptable as per drinking water standards. The treated water is taken to Service Reservoirs through distribution networks connecting them. The implementation and maintenance of the project has no major adverse impact on environmental components either in planning or during the constructional phase. The likely impact arising out of the project is discussed in depth and recommended for mitigation. In general, the project as a whole is a warm welcoming scheme and will have positive impact on the people of the area who were longed for the dependable and potable water. 88 ANNEXURES ANNEXURE I ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING FORM PART A (to be prepared by Urban Local Body for each sub – project loan) Name of the applying urban local body : Nagercoil municipality in Kanyakumari District Project location : Nagercoil municipality Sub project : Water Supply Improvement Scheme to Nagercoil municipality Project Components S.No Component Remarks 1 Brief description of the project proposal Supplying 52.04 mld (Ultimate) of drinking water to Nagercoil municipality with source Paraliar River at U/s of Puthendam 2 Number of project sites and Project Details provided in Annexure -3 components 3 Alignment length 27 km 4 Location of the Project Sites & Current Use Details provided in Annexure -3 5 Nearby land uses and distance – Offtake and sump WTP are in residences, schools, hospitals, drinking alignment away from developments. water source, upstream and downstream WTP and OHTs are in the midst of uses of rivers etc developments. Proximity of the Site to Water Bodies S.No Component Remarks 6 Distance of sites from Sea 20 km 7 MSL of Project Sites 71m at Head works and 40 m at WTP at Krishnancoil 8 Distance from nearest Water Body (River, 10 m. Head works in bank of River Canal, Lake, Streams etc.,) Paraliar 9 MFL of the Project Sites 76.5m at Head works 10 Distance of nearest drinking water source 10 m .Head works in River Paraliar. 89 Climate Change related Parameters (General) S.No Component Remarks 11 Mean Temperature in the project town Maximum and minimum temperature is 38° C and 21°C. 12 Annual Rainfall in the project town 1450 mm 13 Monsoon Period in the project town South West and North East 14 Nearest Weather Warning System Pechiparai Biological Environment Sl. No Components Yes No Remarks / Identified Problems 15 Are there according to background No research / observations any threatened / endemic species in the project area that could be affected by the project? 16 Will the project directly 1 or indirectly No affect: 1.1 Natural forest types? 1.2 Mangroves / wetlands / Estuaries 1.3 Other SEC’s as Listed in ESMF 17 Will the project involve tree cutting? No 18 Will there be any potential risk of No habitat fragmentation due to the clearing activities? (eg. Hindrance to the local bio diversity like disturbing the migratory path of animals/ birds etc.) 90 Physical Environment Sl.no Components Yes No Remarks / Identified Problems 19 Water quantity? Estimated usage of 52.04 mld for drinking water quantity for the project water supply 20 Will the project affects the River flow No pattern, stream pattern or any other irrigation canal? 21 Is the project area is free from flood Yes MFL for headworks prone area/ low-lying area, if yes what 76.5m. However is the average flood level recorded for components designed recent years? for 77m. Geology / Soils Sl.no Components Yes No Remarks / Identified Problems 22 Does the project activity involve Yes cutting and filling/ blasting etc…? Will the project cause physical changes No 23 in the project area (e.g., changes to the topography) due to excavation, earthwork etc…? Will local resources, such as rocks, No 24 sand, gravel, or groundwater be used? Estimated quantity of materials required? Pollution Sl.no Components Yes No Remarks / Identified Problems 25 Will the project use or store dangerous Yes Chlorine. Permission substances (e.g., large quantities of will be obtained and hazardous materials like Diesel, necessary safety Petroleum products etc…)? precautions would be provided. 91 26 Will the project produce solid or liquid Yes Sludge will be dried and wastes? disposed in landfill. Filter back wash water will be recirculated into the treatment system. 27 Will the project cause air pollution? No 28 Will the project generate noise? Yes Will the project generate water No 29 pollution (water bodies/ groundwater)? Will the project cause construction No 30 Hazard to workers/ residents Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Measures Sl.no Components Yes No Remarks / Identified Problems 31 Energy Consumption during operation 3000.5 kw phase 32 Is the project design included use of Yes energy saving machineries, equipments for the sub-project, 33 Is the project design included energy Yes Energy efficient motors saving measures in the have been adopted. distribution/collection systems 34 Is the project considering energy recovery options? 35 Is the project considering waste Yes Filter back wash water minimization or waste reuse/recycle will be recirculated into options? the treatment system. 36 Is the project structures are designed Yes. Headworks designed for considering the maximum flood levels above MFL. of the project site. 37 Is the project design has considered Yes RWH proposed in SR RWH structures. sites. 92 93 ANNEXURE II SOCIAL SCREENING FORM PART A (to be prepared by Urban Local Body for each sub – project loan) Name of the applying urban local body : Nagercoil municipality in Kanyakumari District Project location : Nagercoil municipality Sub project : Water Supply Improvement Scheme to Nagercoil municipality Geographical areas covered by Sub-Project : Kanyakumari District Implementing Agency : TWAD BOARD Name and address of Officer responsible: Land Use, Resettlement, and/or Land Acquisition Sl.no Components Yes No If Yes provide details 1 Does the sub-project involves No acquisition of private land? 2 Alienation of any type of Government Yes 3.56acres. Details are land including that owned by Urban provided in the annexure 3. Local Body? 3 Clearance of encroachment from No Government/ Urban Local body Land? 4 Clearance of squatting from No Government/ Urban Local Body Land? 5 Number of structures, both authorized and/or unauthorized to be acquired/ cleared/ 6 Number of household to be displaced? No 7 Details of village common properties to No be alienated Pasture Land (acres) Cremation/ burial ground and others specify? 8 Describe existing land uses on and The land use varies from around the project area (e.g., community site to site. facilities, agriculture, tourism, private property)? 9 Will the project result in construction The construction workers workers or other people moving into or are basically migrant having access to the area (for a long workers involving different time period and in large numbers type of skill required for compared to permanent residents)? each of the stage of the 94 project. 10 Are financial compensation measures Yes Compensation for the expected to be needed? private land will be paid by the local body. Loss of Crops, Fruit Trees, Household Infrastructure and livelihood Sl.no Components Yes No If Yes provide details 11 Will the project result in the permanent or temporary loss of 11.1 Crops? No 11.2 Fruit trees / coconut palms? Specify with No numbers 11.4 Loss of Agriculture Land? Specify with No numbers 11.5 Petty Shops No 11.6 Vegetable/Fish/Meat vending No 11.7 Cycle repair shop No 11.8 Garage No 11.9 Tea stalls No 11.10 Loss of Grazing Yes Compensatory land was provided. 11.11 Loss of access to forest produce (NTFP) No 11.12 Any others – specify No Welfare, Employment, and Gender Sl.no Components Yes No If Yes provide details 12 Is the project likely to provide local employment opportunities, including employment opportunities for women? 13 Is the project being planned with sufficient attention to local poverty alleviation objectives? 14 Is the project being designed with sufficient local participation (including the participation of women) in the planning, design, and implementation process? 95 Historical, Archaeological, or Cultural Heritage Sites Sl.no Components Yes No If Yes provide details Based on available sources, consultation with local authorities, local knowledge and/or observations, could the project alter: 15 Historical heritage site(s) or require No excavation near the same? 16 Archaeological heritage site(s) or No require excavation near the same? 17 Cultural heritage site(s) or require No excavation near the same? 96 ANNEXURE III LAY OUT PLAN FOR PROJECT SITES Layout plan foe WTP @ Existing Plant in Krishnankoil 123 Layout plan for Aseervatham Nagar Service Reservoir Layout Plan for Ponnappanadar Colony Service Reservoir 124 Layout Plan for V.N Colony Service Reservoir Layout Plan for North Soorangudi Service Reservoir 125 Layout Plan for Gnanam Nagar Service Reservoir Layout Plan for Asaripallam (Medical College) Service Reservoir 126 Layout Plan for kariyamanikapuram Service Reservoir 127 Layout plan for NGO Colony Service Reservoir 128 Layout Plan for Nasamony Service Reservoir 129 Layout Plan for kottar Service Reservoir 130 Layout Plan for Krishnankovil Service Reservoir 131 ANNEXURE –IV SAFETY IN STORAGE AND HANDLING CHLORINE IN PLANT OPERATION 1. Introduction In order to keep the treatment units in disinfected condition and also to kill algae in the water, chlorine is proposed to dose at the raw water and clear water at two places. So, it is proposed to use 6 nos in filled condition at any point of time. The per day consumption of chlorine is around 300 Kg. So, the yearly consumption is 30 tonnes. The chlorination system is well equipped with leak detecting equipment to avoid and hazards. Chlorine is potentially dangerous. It is, therefore, important that person engaged in a chlorine plant or in any activity involving handling of chlorine should understand the hazards of chlorine and should know preventive measures needed. Safety showers and eye washers and neutralization pits are provided for the safety of workmen and operators. The instructions for handling and operations of the chlorine system are given below. 2. Storage and Handling of Chlorine Cylinders Chlorine is stored in special grade steel containers. As per IS:4379-1967, the colour of Chlorine container should be ‘golden yellow’. Chlorine cylinders of 100 Kg capacity will be suitable for the proposed WTP. It will be required to store about 3 cylinders at a time at the WTP. Instructions given in the ‘Manual on Operation and Maintenance of Water Supply Systems’ published by the Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO) in 2005 for the storage and handling of Chlorine cylinders is should be strictly followed for safe operation of the WTP. 3. Health Hazards of Chlorine Wet chlorine being corrosive, it forms corrosive acid with body moisture. Inhalation can cause respiratory injury ranging from irritation to death depending upon its concentration and duration of inhalation. First aid - trained Personnel having the knowledge in the use of aid equipment and rendering artificial respiration should be available in the plant. First aid box with necessary contents should be available. Properly designed showers and eye fountains should be provided in convenient 132 locations and they should be properly maintained. If oxygen is available the same should be administered by authorized person. 4. Fire & Explosion Hazards of Chlorine Chlorine may react to cause fires or explosions upon contact with turpentine, ether, ammonia gas, hydrocarbons, hydrogen, powdered metals, sawdust and phosphorus. Due to fire in the vicinity, the temperature of the containers rises excessively which results in explosion. In order to avoid explosion of the containers, remove all the movable containers from the fire zone immediately by wearing full protective clothing with respiratory protection. In the case of immovable containers, use water for cooling provided there is no leak. 5. Emergency Response Planning When a large quantity of chlorine is stored it is essential to have an emergency response planning as leakage of Chlorine may lead to a major accident such as emission, fire or explosion, leading to serious danger to man, immediate or delayed, inside or outside the establishment and/or to the environment, and involving one or more dangerous substances. It has, therefore, become obligatory to take all measures necessary to prevent accidents and to limit their consequences for man and the environment. The hazard control can be achieved by drawing an effective ‘on- semergency plan’. 6. Neutralization of Chlorine A suitable provision should be available for emergency disposal of chlorine from the leaking container. Chlorine may be absorbed in solution of caustic soda, soda ash and hydrated lime. Caustic soda is recommended as it absorbs chlorine more readily. If hydrated lime is used, the slurry must be continuously agitated and recirculated for chlorine absorption. The neutralization can be carried out by Neutralization tank holding caustic soda or hydrated lime or sodium carbonate in solution form. This system can be used only after controlling the leaking container by emergency kit and connecting it to the Neutralization tank by inverted U tube of 11 m height. Do not push the leaking container in the alkali tank. It is recommended to provide a suitable tank to hold the alkali solution in a convenient location near the chlorination plant. 133 7. Personal Protective Equipment The following personal protective equipments can be used in case of a Chlorine leakage. Breathing Apparatus: Self-contained breathing apparatus, Air-line respirator or Industrial Canister Type Mask can be used as breathing apparatus, depending on the concentration of Chlorine in the atmosphere and the availability of Oxygen. Protective Clothing: Rubber or PVC clothing is useful in massive exposure which otherwise creates mild skin burns due to formation of acid on the body. 8. Acts and Rules Applicable for Handling of Chlorine The Gas Cylinder Rules 2004: Storage license from controller of explosives is to be obtained under Gas Cylinder Rules 2004 if the quantity of Cl2 containers to be stored is more than 5 Nos. Since it is envisaged to store more than 3 cylinders at a time at the proposed WTP, storage license from controller of explosives need not to be obtained. 9. Occupational Health and Safety of WTP Operators 9.1 Potential Hazards to Health and Safety In addition to the hazards of Chlorine, the WTP Operators will be exposed to a number of hazards such as: i) Electrical equipment, ii) Rotating mechanical equipment, iii) Water treatment chemicals such as Alum and Calcium Hydroxide, iv) Laboratory reagents (chemicals), v) Slippery surfaces caused by certain chemicals, vi) Flooding, vii) Confined spaces and underground structures such as valve or pump vaults (toxic and viii)explosives gases, insufficient oxygen), and ix) Continuous exposure to high noise level in the WTP leading to hearing impairment 9.2 Management of Hazards to Health and Safety Selection of WTP Employees: Pre-placement medical examination should be carried out of the persons to confirm that they are free from Asthma, Bronchitis and other chronic lung conditions. Follow up medical examination should be carried out once in a year. 134 Training for Employees: It is essential to impart training to the employees who have to face emergency. This training should include following: Instructions in the action to be taken in an emergency, i) Use of emergency kit, ii) Handling of containers, iii) First aid, iv) Use of protective equipment, v) Knowledge of Chlorine hazards, vi) Firefighting, vii) Use of safety showers and eye fountains, viii)Crash shut down procedure for valves and switches, ix) Communication system, and x) Study of plant layout with diagram. The Operator should use appropriate hearing protectors to prevent noise-induced hearing loss caused by exposure to loud and prolonged noise in the pump rooms. The WTP should have an Operation and Maintenance Manual with appropriate safety procedures. Instructions for Handling of Chlorine Gas Operations 1. Provide proper instruction and supervision to workers responsible for chlorine equipment. 2. Provide proper and approved self-contained breathing apparatus in areas where chlorine is stored or used. 3. Keep all breathing apparatus stored outside the chlorine area. 4. Prepare escape plans from areas where there might be a chlorine emission. Remember to move uphill and upwind. 5. Never store combustible or flammable materials near chlorine containers. 6. Never apply heat directly to a chlorine container. 7. Never attempt to weld an “empty” chlorine pipe line without purging it with air first. 8. Install safety showers and eye wash stations near chlorine equipment. 9. If there is a leak, at least two persons should make the repairs. 10. Never spray water on leaking containers; it can make the leak worse. 135 11. When entering an equipment area, take shallow breaths until you are sure that there is not a chlorine gas leak. 12. Rely upon chlorination equipment for direct disposal of chlorine gas. 13. Secure chlorine containers with chains, chocks, or trunnions. When using chlorine, personal protective clothing should include: 1. Full face shield or non-ventilated chemical goggles; 2. Chemically resistant rubber gloves; 3. Apron or jacket; and 4. Long sleeves and trousers. 5. Open shoes and sneakers should be prohibited when handling chlorine. General Directions for First Aid 1. Keep the victim lying down. 2. Examine the victim - look for serious bleeding, lack of breathing, and poisoning. 3. Keep the victim warm. 4. Send someone to call a physician or ambulance. 5. Remain calm. Do not be rushed into moving the victim unless absolutely necessary. 6. Never give an unconscious victim anything to eat or drink. 7. Keep the crowd away from the victim. 8. Ensure the victim is comfortable and cheerful. 9. Don’t allow the victim see his injury. 136 ANNEXURE V PUBLIC CONSULTATION DETAILS Public Consultation Photo 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145