67818 National Program for Community Empowerment (PNPM) towards a SUPER GENERATION Quarterly Update Issue No. 6 Updates D uring 2010, PNPM Generasi will expand to 48 new sub-districts in a new province, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). The expansion has taken program operations, and monitoring and evaluation. The training also provided a general overview of PNPM Mandiri Rural. The first 25 Sub-District Facili- place in 2 phases: 25 sub-districts in early 2010 with tators began the program planning process in new an additional 23 joining mid- location by April 2010. The re- year. By year’s end, PNPM maining 23 will join their loca- Generasi will operate in 212 tions in October 2010. In the sub-districts across 6 prov- near future, Government of In- inces: West Java, East Java, donesia plans to recruit a PNPM North Sulawesi, Gorontalo, Generasi Provincial Program NTT and NTB. Specialist. Since June 2009, PNPM In March 2010, the Govern- Rural has been implemented ment of Indonesia trough the September 2010 • page 1 in PNPM Generasi locations. Secretariat of Community Em- Communities conducted an powerment (PMD) conducted integrated planning process the first PNPM Generasi Na- for PNPM Rural and PNPM tional Evaluation Workshop in Generasi to maximize coordi- Puncak, Bogor, West Java. This nation of village activities. 4 day event included PNPM Starting from cycle 4 2010, Generasi facilitators from the PNPM Generasi will use an provincial and district levels, incentives intervention in all representative of provincial locations. This intervention has BPMDs, representative from been effectively proven district level health and educa- through CCT Final Impact tion agencies, PNPM Mandiri Study and has been spur the National Management Consult- communities on selecting activities that support the ant (NMC), Bappenas, Department of Health, repre- achievement of 12 indicators. sentatives from donors and the World Bank. The pur- In February 2010, 25 new Sub-District facilita- pose of this workshop was: to discuss and to evalu- tors joined the pre-service training for 11 days fol- ate findings from field supervision by government lowed by 5 days In-Service training (IST) in March and The World Bank; to evaluate the performance of 2010. Training for the additional 23 new Sub- implementing actors; strengthen the understanding District facilitators took place in September 2010. of PNPM Generasi program among the stakeholders; Training material included a general introduction and provide re-commendations on further program to PNPM Generasi, including program cycles, issues planning and implementation. related to basic education and health problems,  Summary of Year Three Implementation pg. 2  Summary of Final Impact Evaluation pg.3 Also in this issue. . .  Story from the Field pg. 4  Upcoming Activities pg. 4 S u m m a r y of T h i rd Ye a r I m p l e m e n t a t i o n Funds Disbursement Education During the third year approximately USD Educational activities funded in the third year fall 35,750,000 block grants were disbursed or 100% of into five categories: materials, equipment and school the total funds. Approximately 25% of the total uniforms (43%); financial assistance for school costs block grants were allocated to those not yet receiv- and other needs (30%); infrastructure (22%); financial ing the relevant health and education services incentives for education workers (4%); and work- across Java and outside of Java. shops and training (1%). In the third year the most In addition, villagers’ contributions equaled 2% of notable changes were funding for materials, equip- the total block grants. A total of 1,968 villages and ment and school uniforms activities, which decreased 3,1 million villagers benefited from the program in by 10% while funding for infrastructure increased by the third year. 11%. (See Diagram 2). Diagram 2: Funds Disbursement for Education Activities Materials, Fin. asst. for equipment & school costs & schools uniforms others needs 30% 43% Fin. incentives for education workers 4% September 2009 •• page 2 September 2010 Infrastructure Workshop & 22% training 1% Health A nurse measuring a little boy at a Health activities funded in the third year fall into six Posyandu in TTU district. categories: supplementary feeding for underweight or malnourished children (41%); financial assistance Activities Funded for pregnant women and mothers to access health page 3 Educational activities consumed 41% of the total services (19%); infrastructure (26%); facilities & funds, while 54% was spent on health activities (see equipment (6%); incentives for health workers (5%); Diagram 1). Meanwhile 4% of the total block grants and workshops and training (3%). In the third year was used for other activities. In the third year, the the most notable changes were funding for health most notable change was increased funds allocated infrastructure activities, which increased by 7% while for health activities, which increased 8% from the funding for financial assistance for pregnant women second year of implementation while funding allo- and mothers decreased by 4%. (See Diagram 3) cated for education activities decreased by 12%. Other activities were also increased by 3.8%. Diagram 3: Funds Disbursement for Health Activities Incentives for health Diagram 1: Funds Disbursement for Facilities & workers 5% Health Education Activities equipment Sup. feeding 6% for 4% underweight Infrastructure /malnourished 26% children 41% Health Education Fin asst. for 41% pregnant mothers 55% Others Workshop & & mothers to training 3% access health 19% S u m m a r y of F i n a l I m pa c t E va l u a t i o n P NPM Generasi was designed to be rigorously evaluated by randomly selecting which ke- camatans would receive Generasi and which plementation, childhood malnutrition was reduced by 2 percentage points, about a 10 percent reduc- tion from the baseline level. This reduction in mal- would remain as a control group. The impact of nutrition was stronger in areas with higher malnu- community incentives can also be assessed by trition rate prior to project implementation, most comparing the two versions of PNPM Generasi: notably in the Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) Prov- the incentivized version and the non-incentivized ince. Although reductions in infant and child mor- version that does not link village performance to talities were observed in the interim evaluation, fund distribution. The baseline survey was con- the same levels of reduction in mortality were not ducted in June–September 2007, followed by an sustained in the final evaluation. The program did interim evaluation survey conducted in October– not improve childhood test scores. December 2008, and a final evaluation survey Making grants conditional upon performance conducted in October–December 2009, after the improves program effectiveness in health. On program had been in operation for 27-30 average, the incentivized group outperformed the months. Respondents for the survey totaled non-incentivized group in improving health indi- 100,800 households and 13,800 health and edu- cators, particularly in increasing antenatal care cation facilities. The following are the main find- services and improving coverage of childhood ings of the final PNPM Generasi impact evalua- immunization. However, for education indicators tion: the incentivized group did not appear to do better Generasi had a statistically significant posi- than the non-incentivized group. tive impact on the 12 indicators it was meant Generasi had the greatest impact in areas with to address. The strongest improvements among low baseline health and education indicators. the health indicators were in the frequency of Areas with lower pre-project level of health and weight checks for young children. The program September 2010 • page 3 education indicators imply that they have more also increased the number of iron sachets preg- room for improvements. The greater impacts in nant mothers received through antenatal care areas with lower baseline appear more promi- visits. These improvements were supported by nently in the final evaluation survey than the in- dramatic increases in mothers and children par- terim results, with stronger improvements found ticipating in Posyandu activities to receive the in education indicators in these areas. These im- targeted maternal, neonatal and child health ser- provements in health and education indicators in vices. Education indicators also saw improve- areas with low baseline coverage however, did not ments in the final evaluation, reversing the 0 or appear to have resulted in improving long-term negative impact found at the interim evaluation. health and education outcomes in these areas. The improvement in education indicators was Furthermore, the greater impacts observed in most notable in the increased school participa- health and education indicators were not simply tion rate among the primary school-age group. correlated with pre-project levels of poverty, but The main long-term impact was decrease in instead are driven by the level of health and edu- malnutrition. On average, over the two year im- cation indicators in the area. PNPM Generasi had an average positive effect on the 12 education & health target indicators. Field Story : 81 Children Return to School “I’m very happy because we can continue to go to the morning and junior secondary school in the after- school instead of walking 3 km to our school we noon. Transportation costs to the school run between can take some transportation. I hope that after I Rp.5,000-8,000 per day, or Rp.120,000-192,000 per graduate, I’ll be able to find a job so that I can help month. my brother and sister to go to school as well.� The community in Pait allocated part of their Suwiji, Grade 9 PNPM Generasi block grant to pay transportation costs for primary and junior secondary aged children who P ait village is located in Kasembon, Malang, East Java. The village is surrounded by pro- tected forests, hills and had left school. This money was paid directly to the school and distributed daily to students. mountains. The difficult roads Students also received assis- put many basic public ser- tance in the form of books, school vices out of reach. supplies, shoes, and uniforms. With this assistance, all 81 children re- Most people farm or turned to school. practice animal husbandry to make a living. The highest “We are so thankful that PNPM education level most villagers Generasi could help children from have is primary school. the poorest families in the commu- nity go back to school,� said Wi- After village’s social map- wik, one of the village facilitators. ping exercise, it was discovered that 81 children September 2010 • page 4 had dropped out of school. Ironic given that “I’m so happy because my children can continue school fees are now free! their education,� said Mrs. Lamini, a mother of 11 The main barrier to school attendance: a 3 children. Three of her children are receiving assis- kilometer walk to the one room school house tance from PNPM Generasi. (satu atap) that serves as a primary school during Upcoming Activities Month Activities  Monitoring of mid-term village per- formance against 12 indicators in 189 September sub-districts. 2010  Mobilization of 23 new Sub-District Facilitators in NTB.  ToT for District Facilitators.  National Coordination Workshop for October PNPM Generasi 2010  Village Block Grant disbursement November Planning Local Sectoral Workshop. 2010 For more information on PNPM Generasi, contact: Secretariat PNPM Mandiri-Perdesaan National Management Consultant (NMC) Directorate General Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa, Komplek PEMDA DKI, Graha Pejaten Ministry of Home Affairs Jl. Raya Pasar Minggu, Jakarta Selatan 12510 Jl. Pasar Minggu Km. 19, Jakarta Selatan 12520 Ph: 62-21-7988-840 Fax: 62-21-797-7412 Phone:62-21-79191648 Fax:62-21-79196118 Emal: generasi@nmc.ppk.or.id or ppkpmd@yahoo.com kontak@ppk.or.id http://www.ppk.or.id