86409 The Tanzania National number of animals/species by different categories of households and by Regions, and Sample Census of some other minor livestock related information. Agriculture 2007/2008: Livestock holding and farm size A Livestock Perspective Tanzania agriculture is smallholder-based, with almost 60 percent of households having farms of The Preliminary Report of the 2007/2008 less than 2 hectares, and another 20 percent National Sample Census of Agriculture of falling in the 2-3 ha category. Livestock are a Tanzania has been released in March 2011. The common asset among agricultural households, data was collected from a sample of about with about 40 percent of them partly depending 53,000 rural households involved in agriculture, on livestock for their livelihoods. as well as from 1,006 large scale farms on a About 99 percent of livestock keeping complete enumeration basis. households are mixed crop-livestock farmers, The 2007/2008 Agriculture Census has been the with the remaining 1 percent comprising both second undertaken under the Census and Survey ‘livestock only’ and ‘pastoralist’ households. Program, which involves carrying out the Large farmers are definitely more likely to keep Agricultural Census after every five years. some livestock than smaller ones: about 64 Specific objectives of the Census were to: percent of households in the >5 ha category are livestock-dependant, vis-à-vis 31 percent of  ‘Provide data for the measurement and those in the 0-1 ha category. Some barriers to growth and poverty in the rural sector […] entry appear thus to prevent marginal and/or as well as the impact of the small farms from keeping livestock. objectives/goals of the Agricultural Sector Development Programme (ASDP), Poverty Tanzania: proportion of agricultural households Reduction Strategy under the National keeping livestock by farm size (2007/2008) Strategy for Growth and Poverty Reduction % of households keeping livestock 70 (NSGPR) […] and other rural development 60 programmes.’ 50  ‘Provide data on agriculture production and 40 productivity to policy makers in order to 30 assist them in assessing the status of the 20 agriculture sector.’ 10  ‘Provide data on the changes in agriculture 0 practices in relation to policies, thrusts and 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 >5 All farm size, hectares interventions promoted by the Ministry of Livestock Data Innovation in Africa BRIEF Agriculture and other stakeholders’. The Agriculture Census divides households by Livestock holding and animal size of holding (with 11 classes ranging from species 0.01-0.50 ha to above 5 ha) and by production Ownership of chicken is widespread, as about 66 systems, including ‘crops only’, ‘livestock only’, percent of all livestock-keeping households raise ‘pastoralist’ and ‘crops and livestock’. some poultry birds. About 30 percent of Livestock data in the Preliminary Report include livestock keepers own some cattle or goats, Numbers for Livelihood Enhancement www.africalivestockdata.org while 11 and 9 percent respectively keep sheep On the one hand, household survey data allow or pigs. exploring and identifying linkages and causalities between livestock-related variables Indigenous species comprise the largest and some household livelihood parameters. On majority of all livestock kept in Tanzania. For the other hand, census data provide detailed example, only about 0.3 and 2.4 percent of livestock-related information up to Region and large ruminants are exotic beef cattle or dairy District Level, thereby allowing identifying cows respectively; and only about 0.7 and 2.8 of areas where public and private sector livestock goats are ‘improved for meat’ and ‘improved sector investments are expected to generate dairy’ respectively. handsome returns. The distribution of improved breeds across the In Tanzania, the Livestock Data Innovation various Regions in the country suggests that the Project collaborates with the Ministry of Dar Er Salaam Region is the most specialized, Livestock and Fisheries Development as well as though livestock and livestock production are with the National Bureau of Statistics to analyze mainly concentrated in the Regions of Arusha, a variety of livestock-related data, including Kilimanjaro, Lindi and Mtwara. census and household survey data, with the objective to identify priority areas for Livestock and crop production investments in the livestock sector, which Despite the largest majority of livestock keeping promote both economic growth and poverty households being mixed crop-livestock farmers, reduction. only a minority of them seem to make use of the variety of services which livestock may provide to increase crop productivity. For further information please visit: www.africalivestockdata.org If 23 percent of farmers make use of ox- ploughs, about 0.2 percent use ox-planters and Or contact: only about 4 percent apply some organic Louise Setshwaelo, FAO Representative in fertilizer, including livestock dung, to increase Tanzania louise.setshwaelo@fao.org crop productivity. Ugo Pica-Ciamarra, Livestock Economist, FAO ugo.picaciamarra@fao.org Combining agricultural census and household survey data Several Census Reports, including a Livestock Report, are expected to be released in the near future. The Livestock Report will be quite detailed, as the census questionnaire is quite comprehensive, including not only sections on crop and livestock, but also on household characteristic and poverty level. An innovation section of the Census questionnaire is that on constraints, in which households are expected to rank up to five major constraints affecting production and productivity. Constraints include both asset- policy- and market-related constraints, such as limited access to land or equipments, high taxes or excessive input costs. A thorough analysis of the Sample Census of Livestock Data Innovation in Africa BRIEF Agriculture, coupled with findings from the National Panel Survey data released in October 2010 – i.e. household surveys data collected through interviewing a nationally representative sample of about 3,300 households on a multiplicity of their characteristics – may help identify efficiency and equity-enhancing investment opportunities in the livestock sector. Numbers for Livelihood Enhancement www.africalivestockdata.org