RP759 I VOL. 1 IiISI)£SKAL,1lE:MOCRA'I'ICREI'IIH1,IC 01' ETHIOPIA ETHlOPIAN ROADS AUTHORITY I I ConsultancySewices for I 1 Review of Feasibility Study, Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan, Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Documents , . * .- . % G , \ ;-ki-z*; r7n;,lc:ge$44;b:ib:g 2 ,e!f:-, ~ c I;.$ F E :FJ u .- 2 b "'PI .- a'&.! zI.5: .- a: w = c u m < % Z ( 0 : 3"- < w 0: - sd '53 g.017 ( err < - . a 7 .- $ 2 1 "'%c 6c = k g 5 m c 3 Eac :P; o n - Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenaio- Dembidolo Road U~aradinaProiect Final RAP Manual (Revised) Fully Affected Categor Type of loss Entitlements of PAP: Compensation for land & Compensation for Compensation for loss Moving allowance Other Assistances structures loss of assets of income Business Land A new land comparable or Replacement cost Additional payments for Shifting cost for non Provision of basic b Iowner better advanta e lost assets during disruption periods. fixed assets, removal social services like -- Structures Costs to rebuild a similar or demolishing/relocati Multiplying the average of salvage materials & electric city, potable better structure for the on & other monthly income of the debris water and access I business. improvements done owners by the disruption roads. and transition periods. IBusiness Rental accommodation Provision 1 construction of Replacement cost of Additional payments for Shifting cost for non Provision of basic comparable or better th; lost assets during disruption periods. fixed assets. Removal social services like business structure by the demolishing & Multiplying the average of salvage materials electric city, potable Kebele I urban relocation monthly income of the and debris water and access administration' at the same tenants by disruption incorporated with the roads. rental cost & location and transition periods. costs of the I 1 advantages municipalities Kebeles, IResidence ILand A new land comparable or owner better advantage I t s i i Z F Costs to rebuild a new Replacementcostfor Non Shifting costs for non Provision of basic 1 I Iresidence in similar or better Ithe lost assets, & I Ifixed assets. Removal I social services like I structures within the new improvements made of salvage materials electric city, potable plot. on land and and debris. water and access extension of social roads. services to the compound Residence Rental accommodation Provision/construction of Replacement cost for Non Shifting costs for non Provision of basic tenant comparable or better houses the lost asset during fixed assets. Removal social services like for the tenants within the demolishing and of salvage materials electric city, potable new plot that has location transfer. and debris included water and access advantages and social with costs of the roads. services. municipalities or Span Consultants in Association with 11 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Servicesfor Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Documentfor Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) Vulnerable Structures, business & Provisions as per the type of Replacement cost for Additional payments for I Shifting costs for non Special attentions groups the lost assets & title the lost income as stated fixed assets salvage from local officials, above if they engaged materials and debris logistical support, in business activities based on their holding helping to restore rights. impacted properties and livelihoods. 10% additional payments. -- ~p~ Squatters' Structures/Business Replacement cost for Payment for the Shifting costs for non structures that has been the lost asset during disturbed & transition fixed assets. served for residences or demolishing and period if they engaged business transfer. in business. -- Street vendors StructuresiBusiness Costs to rebuild their lost Replacement cost for Payments for the Shifting costs for non structure that has been served the lost asset during disturbed & transition fixed assets. for business. demolishing and period if they engaged transfer. in business. Span Consultants in Association with 12 Beza Consulting Engineers i ConsultancyServices for Review of Feasibility Study and EnvironmentalImpact Assessment, Preparation of RAP & Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) Legalframework ERA is responsible for the preparation of this ResettlementAction Plan and execution of compensation payments as per the guidelines set in ERAS Resettlement Policy Framework. The Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch (EMB) and the Right of Way (ROW) branch are directly responsible for reviewing, monitoring, and implementation of the RAP. EMB is also responsible and in charge for identification of adverse environmental and social impacts and for monitoring the implementation of its mitigation measures. Main legal documents like Proclamation No. 455/2005, (on expropriation of land holdings for public use), ERA Resettlement Framework, Environmental policy of Ethiopia and the World Bank OP and BP 4.12 have formed basis for preparation of this RAP. Article 44.2, of the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1995) provides interventions for public goods, which may cause displacement of people or adversely affect the livelihood of the local population, shall give the right to commensurate by monetary or other means of compensations including relocation, (resettlement), with adequate state assistance.The World Bank policies on OP and BP 4.12 explicitly addressed the need for proper compensation payments and restitution of livelihoods. Based on these broad legal and institutional frameworks, the required compensation types, amounts and organizational procedures are preparedinthis guideline. If there is aconflict between the national and the international law, the latter have precedence over the former as to the WB OP4.12 procedures. Publicand stakeholders' consultation All through the field level investigations, public consultations were carried out to inform about the main objectives of the project and identifying the potential positive and negative impacts. The importance of public consultation is also rests on to gain direct public participations, sharing ideas on mitigation measures against adverse impacts and reinforcement of the project out come. Public consultations were done through formal meetings and public gatherings. Focus group discussions with selected women, professionals, and elderly community leaders were done to clarify misunderstandingsand gaining additional information's on public attitudes towards the proposed project. Informal meetings were held with different age category members of the community. Inthese public meetings local community members and other stakeholdersvowed to participate in all activities that the project demand and contribute whatever assistances at their own capacity. It has been longawaited and good newsfor them when the consultant professionalmakes descriptionsabout the project for reasonsof the very bad conditions of the existing road and shortages of motorized public transport. Following the discussions held with local authorities, community members and project affected people it was confirmed that problem relating to displacement and dispossession of properties can be contained by the primary stakeholders (community and local leaders), with the appropriate assistance from outside. Public consultation Consultancy Services for Reviewof Feasibility Study and EnvironmentalImpact Assessment, Preparation of RAP & Review of Detailed EngineeringDesign and Tender Document for Mekenajo -Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) outcomes indicate that they are supportive of the project idea and reiterated with the provision of the legally approved measures no major disturbance on livelihoods is anticipated. In most parts, the road upgradingfollows the existing gravel road alignment. Major realignment is expected in limited spots. Local authorities signed a commitment with the consultant to prepare land for resettlement specifically for those totally displacedand needy households in the urban section of the project. (Please refer minutes of meetings under Annex 5). The project area is now serving as one of the new resettlement corridors of the region for those live in very densely populated and degraded areas and willing to transfer to this section of the region. There is a relative abundance of land for extending resettlement site within the immediate locality. Out of the 1519 household heads and institutions, 622 entrepreneurs demanded land to land compensations in addition to cash compensationsfor their losses. 897 of them demanded monetary remunerationsfor the damagesthey would entertain due to the project. Socio-economicSurvey Socio-economic survey has been done in order to assess the impact of the project socially and economically which could be happened due to acquisition of land and other properties. For the preparation of this Resettlement Action Plan, all properties fall within 2om of ROW in urban and 3om of ROW in rural areas are recorded. All properties within this radius are assumed to fall within potential impact area and subject to relocation. Accordingly, the field inventory indicates that 276 hectares of farmlands and 14 hectares of permanent crop land (fruit and non fruit bearing trees) areas likely to be impacted permanently. Accordingly, 22,750 eucalyptus, 584 mango, 2800 coffee, 4000 banana and 111 avocado trees likely removed during construction. Moreover, 48.6 hectares of farmlands will be impacted temporarily if the existing road expands from 6m1sto 6.7m1s (with 1.5 m shoulders on either side). A total number of 1630residential housesand other buildings belongingto different owners which are located within the 3om of ROW in rural and 2om of ROW in urbanareas are likely to be affected. Out of this total, 334 of them will be fully affected and 1296 will be partially affected. In the rural sections additional 66.6 hectares of land will be required for temporary uses like for detour, campsites and burrow pits. With proper reinstatement of these lands to their original conditions, the extent of permanentdisplacement from these lands would be lesser. BudgetRequirementfor the RAP The method adopted for valuing affected assets and properties has been based on replacement cost approach. The compensation for affected farmlands is based on unit rates and productivity established in this RAP. Although the project is upgrading one, there is more permanent loss of farmlands than temporary losses under the project operations due to the fact that all through the route inhabitants are residing in a relative congested manner in pockets of settlement areas. Beyond these settlement areas, the land is covered by bushes and savanna grasslands. Compensation payments for residential houses and other buildings are worked out in assuming full compensation for 25% and above impacted parts of a given property and payments for only damaged parts bellows. 'The total amount of resources required for compensating the affected people Span Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparationof RAP & Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo -Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) and restoring some of the utilities is worked out on the bases of 3om of ROW in rural areas and 2om of ROW in urban areas. The source of funding for the implementation of the RAP is the Ethiopian government and disbursement of the budget is subject to monitoring by the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, (MoFED), after ratified by the house of people's representatives. The following is a summary of the total amount of the fund that will be requiredfor the implementation of this manual. Table 6:Resettlement/RehabilitationBudget* No Compensationto be paidfor CompensationAmount (Birr) Compensationfor all types of houses and institutions '1 36,223,454 2 Permanent loss of strips of farmlands 3,214,260 3 Temporary loss of strips of farmlands 283,095 4 Loss of fruit bearingand non fruit bearingtrees 975,933 5 Compensationfor loss of income in business 5,598,000 6 Com~ensationfor affected social services 614.333.92 - 7 A budget for vulnerable group PAPSAssistance - 8 190,723 g Implementation and monitoring g 10 Total 47,672,548.92 11 Contingency(10%) 4,767,254-9 12 GrandTotal 52,439,803.8 *Detail unit costs are given inAnnex 4 Implementation and monitoring Plan ERA'S Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch with the Right-of-way branch are responsible for the implementation and management of the RAP in close workings with other stakeholders. These branches are also responsible for the monitoring and evaluationtasks. Inthat the following variables will be adopted for the purpose. Appropriateness of relocation sites Restorationand restitution of PAPs Amounts and methodologies usedfor compensationpayments Special cares and supports givenfor vulnerable group members Restorationof affected social services Appropriateness of the time schedule Grievances and problem encountered inthe implementation of the RAP Appropriateness of grievance alleviatingmechanism Span Consultants in Association with 15 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Sewices for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmentallmpact Assessment, Preparation of RAP & Review of Detailed Engineeling Design and Tender Document for Mekenaio - Dembidolo Road Uwradina Proiect Final RAP Manual (Revised) I. Introduction The Mekenajo - Dembidolo road project is located in the West Wellega zone of the Oromia National Regional state. The existing gravel surfaced road is badly deteriorated and is hampering transport development in the area, and is causing adverse health impacts and traffic accidents. There is very limited public transport along the Mekenejo - Dembidolo route mainly due to the sub-standard and bad condition of the road. The areas traversed by the road have a significant natural resource potential and is intensively cultivated, with high yield of agricultural products that includes cereals and coffee. Mineral resources like gold, platinum and coal are available and rich in some of the Weredas (Yubdo and Cimbi). The project road branches off from the Addis Abeba -Nekeme-Cimbi-Assosa main road at 456km's from the capital, at Mekenajo town, which is found i5krn1swest of Cimbi along the Cimbi-Assosa route. It is part of the existing gravel road between Cimbi and Cambela that connects Inango, Culiso, Chanka, Mechara and Dembidolo towns by passing Ayra, Horrosebu (Alem-Teferi), and Cebarobi. The project road ends at Dembidolo town covering 181km's. The project comprises three contracts:- Contract I: Mekenajo to Ayra (km o to km 60) Contract 2: Ayra to Chanka (km 60 to km 120). Contract 3: Chanka to Dembidolo (kmizo- km181) The project road is part of the Road Sector Development Program (RSDP II - APL I) as stated in the TOR. The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has received a grant-from International Development Association (IDA) towards the cost of consultancy services for the Review of Feasibility Study, Environmental lmpact Assessment (EIA), Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document preparation. Hence, ERA commissioned SPAN (India) Consultant in association with BEZA (Ethiopia) to carry out review of the feasibility study, review of Environmental lmpact Assessment (EIA), Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) and Review of detailed engineering design and preparation of tender documents for the road project. The preparation of this RAP based on national legislations and the WB safeguard policies and in line with the requirements of the term of reference. Though the project outcome is expected to be much higher than other unwanted repercussions, it would still cause displacement and dispossession of properties to make room for the road upgrading purpose. In view of the likely impact of the road upgrading project, the preparation of this RAP (as required by the TOR) has been based on data collected through extensive field surveys ( 1 6 March to 3rdApril 2006) and consultations ~ ~ with Project Affected People (PAP), supplemented by secondary sources of data collected from Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA), Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) and World Bank publications. ConsultancyServicesfor Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental ImpactAssessment, Preparationof RAP & Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Documentfor Mekenajo -DembidoloRoad UpgradingProject Final RAP Manual (Revised) 1.1 objectives and Scopeof the RAP The main objectives of preparation of this Resettlement Action Plan are: (a) to prevent or at least mitigate the adverse impacts associated with the implementation of the road project, (b) to deliver entitlements to project affected people and support them in restoration of livelihoods in line with ERAS Resettlement Policy Framework and the World Bank operational policies and procedures (OP &BP 4.12))(c) to maximize PAPSand community members participations in all stages of project implementations and, (d) to ensure that the standard of living of PAPSis improved or restored to pre-project level. Moreover, the RAP addresses pertinent issues to be considered in the compensation process and other subsequent operations. In line with the overall requirements of the TOR, the broad objectives of the RAP study are: Preparation of RAP for the proposed road project including costing of resettlement activities along the route corridor so as to provide the Government and the development partners (i.e. Donors) with sufficient information about the likely impacts of the proposed road project on the existing environmental and socio-economic factors in the project area to justify acceptance, modification or rejection of the proposed road project for further financing and implementation. Scopeof RAP Consistent with the objectives of the RAP, the scope of works includethe following Legal, administrative and institutional framework Socio-economic survey Eligibility for compensation and resettlement Valuation of compensation for losses Public consultations Resettlement measures Site selection, preparation and relocation Housing infrastructure and social services Environmental protection and management Implementation schedule Costs and budgets Monitoringand evaluation 1.2 Methodology For the preparation of this Resettlement Action Plan the following sociological and socio- anthropological methodologies have been adopted:- * Desk study / Document review: In the process of desk studies, the consultant reviewed project documents, Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) resettlement / Span Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Servicesfor Review of Feasibility Study and EnvironmentalImpactAssessment. Preparation of RAP B Review of Detailed EngineeringDesignand Tender Documentfor Mekenajo - DembidoloRoad Upgrading Project FinalRAP Manual (Revised) rehabilitation policy framework, World Bank operational procedures(OP and BP4.12), national legislations on expropriation of properties for public purposes and compensation payments, Federal and Regional level Rural Land Administration and Land Use Proclamations and other relevant legal documents. Central Statistical Authorities (C.5.A) releases were also checked to procure information on demographicand population variables. Field visits: Detailed visits and surveys have been conducted ( 1 6 of~March to 3rd of~ April 2006) to collect first hand qualitative and quantitative data on the socio- economic, cultural and linguistic composition of the project area. This methodology was used to collect data and familiarization on the specific geographical and ecological condition of the project area. The field level assessment is instrumental in identifying problem related to the project road and identifying mitigation measures. In identifying Project Affected Persons (PAPS)their socio-economic profile and the likely category of impacts, structured questionnaireshad beencompleted. Public consultation: - The key to this methodology rests on procuring information on public attitudes towards the project, to understand local knowledge about grievance redress mechanism, and to give clarification about the project to the public. Focus group discussions have identified the negative and positive impacts of the project collectively. Agreements have been reached with specific government bodies regarding collaboration and facilitation of administrative procedures directly related to the road project and implementation of the RAP. Identification and consultationwith key informants: These informants are expectedto be knowledgeable about their environs, customary laws, traditions, religious observances and adherences, needs and aspiration of the community. In addition a series of meetings, discussions, and consultations with different Wereda level government officials, professionals, and experts were held during the field surveys. Minutesof these meetings are incorporated inAnnex 5. Structured and unstructured questionnaires: Structured questionnaires were used to obtain information on individual PAP'S, institutions and government offices. The unstructured questionnaires had been targeted on the general socio-economic and cultural aspects of communities residing in the project area. Span Consultants in Association with 18 Beza Consulting Engineers ConsultancyServicesfor Reviewof Feasibility Study and EnvironmentalImpact Assessment, Preparationof RAP & Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo- DembidoloRoad Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) 1.3. The RAP Guideline Structure This RAP is divided into twelve sections as follows: Executive Summary: gives a brief summary of the guideline highlighting the major findings and activities undertaken in the preparation of the RAP. Introduction(Section I): contains brief backgroundof the present study along with its objectives, TOR and methodology adopted for preparation of the RAP. Socio-economic Condition of the Project Area (Section 2): describes the project area in term of its socio economic and demographic aspects. Legal, Policy and Administrative Framework (Section 3): presents a summary of the major policy and legal frameworks related to compensation and resettlement /rehabilitation issues. Potential Socio-economic Impacts of the Project (Section 4): describes the socio- economic profile of PAP'Sand the likely impact of the project. Eligibility Criteria (Section 5): This section deals with eligible groups, draws criteria's and analyses the process of eligibility based on the National legislations, frameworks and international policies and procedures. Methods of Valuing Affected Assets (Section 6): describes and analyzed the methods adopted for valuation of all properties affected by the project. Organizational Procedures and RAP Implementation(Section 7): This section deals or indicates the responsibility of the various stakeholders in the delivery of entitlement rights and compensation payments. Moreover, RAP implementation deals with responsible bodies for the implementation of RAP and how compensationcommittee will be formed for the purpose. Moreover, the section will show proposed implementation schedule and budget requiredfor CompensationCommittee. Grievance Redress Mechanism (Section 8): This section deals with the arbitration processes and grievance resolution channels. RAP lmplementation Cost (Section 9):This section deals with budget requirement for the implementation of the ResettlementAction Plan. Monitoring and Evaluation (Section lo): This section deals with how these variables will be executed and responsible bodies for Monitoring and Evaluation processes. Moreover,the section elaborates objectives of the variables. Consultation with PAPS(Section 11): This section discussed public outlooks towards the project and outcomes. The RAP Disclosure (Section 12):This section high lights the importance of disclosure and transparency. Span Consultants in Association with 19 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental ImpactAssessment, Preparationof RAP 8 Review of DetailedEngineering Designand Tender Documentfor Mekenajo- Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project FinalRAP Manual(Revised) 1.4 Team compositionfor the preparationof RAP Transport Economist: - Mr Rao K.S (team leader), holds post graduate degree in economics (M.A) and statistics (M.Sc). He has done a 12-week post-graduate certificate course in Transport Managementlplanning from Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore (India). Mr Rao has about 25 years of experience in transport consultancy and worked for 5 years (1997-2002) with the African Development Bank as principaltransport economist. With more than 25 years of involvement with major projects in the field of transport economics and planningin different developingcountries. Mr Rao has acquired expertise in specialized areas namely multi-modal transport system covering policy planning and evaluation studies, transport corridor studies, techno-economic feasibility investigations, modal resource cost and traffic flow studies and appraisal of highway projects using HDM model. Sociologist: Amare Kassa has a vast experience as a professional teacher and socio- cultural Anthropologist for the past 21 years in public projects, displacement / resettlement issues and monitoring and evaluation of impact assessmentsrelated to civil works. Mr Amare has prepared and presented two research papers to the Addis Ababa University, (College of Social Sciences), on issues directly related to voluntary, involuntary, and induced voluntary migrations and displacement / resettlement endeavours. Sociologist: Million Gebreyes is a sociologist with 19 years of experience in various development planning and implementation activities.As a social planner, he had involved in different water and natural resource development planning schemes. While he was working for the ministry of water resources, Ato Million has taken various training courses in social and environmental impact assessment and project evaluations at ACRES international Ltd and ClDA in 1944. He has also obtained certificate from Richard Wood Roof and associations in economics evaluation of natural and water resources in 1992. He developed an experience in gender main streaming and analysis, environmental and resettlement issues. Currently Ato Million is enrolled to M.A program in development studies at Addis Abeba University. Environmentalist: GetahunWorku has more than 23 years of experience in environmental management, water resource and related areas at different levels as an expert, counterpart consultant, free lancer, and at managerial levels on environmental protection, water and waste management. Furthermore, he has a recognized experience in environmental impact assessment of development projects and waste water managementfields. Highway Engineer: D.D Sharma is graduated in civil engineering with about 16 years of experience in design, construction supervision, techno-economic feasibility, studies. Mr Sharma had been attended numerousworkshops, conferences, seminars, and short term trainings all through his career. Surveyor: Girma Gutema is a senior surveyor currently working for Beza Consultant. He had been working for SATCON general construction, Alem General Constructionand Blue Nile construction at various sites and levels. In these firm he participated in detail works of explorations, Topographic map preparation, LocationSurveying, Arial Topography and Lay out for buildingfoundation. Span Consultants in Association with 20 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of FeasibilityStudy and Environmental ImpactAssessment. Preparationof RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) 2. Socio-economicCondition of the ProjectArea 2.1 Locationand Population The start of the Mekenajo-DembidoloRoad UpgradingProject is at about i5km's west of Ghimbi town, the capital of West Wellega Zone in the Oromia National Regional Government. From there the road runs in a fairly southwestern direction up to its final end at Dembidolo town. The road traverses through g Weredas with in the Western Wellega zone. The Weredas in the project area include: Chimbi, Lalo Asabi, Ayra Culiso, Dale Lalo, Cawo Dale, Hawa Wallel and Seyo. Details of area and population of the eight Weredas are presented inTable 2.1. Table 2.1: Population of Wereda's connected by the road upgradingproject 1 Population Population District, Wereda Area Density Source: Central Statistical Authority, 2004 The main town centers and major settlements alongthe project road are: Inango, Dalety, Keley, Culiso, Ayra, Alem Teferi, Chamo, Chanka, Keto, Mechara, Wajo, Rob Cebeya and Dembidolo. The services in these towns are limited to the basic ones, shops and other small-scale workshops. In some of the towns coffee processing plants are the major establishments. Populationof major towns is given below. 1 Table 2.2: Populationof Major Towns along the Road ig Wereda Town Populationsize Male Female Total Mekenaiol Lalo Asabi lnango 9 31043 3,059 6,102 Ayra Guliso Guliso 40 3,857 3,606 7,463 Ayra 58 2,695 21715 5,410 1Dale Lalo Alem Teferi 91 2,740 2,493 51233 Gawo Dale Chanka 117 3,347 2,935 6,282 Hawa Welel Rob Gebeya 154 2,137 1,976 4,113 Sayo Dembidolo 180 17,294 16,158 33,452 Total 35,113 32,942 68,055 Source: CSA, 2005 (in www.statsethiopia.org). Span Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers I Consultancy Services for Reviewof FeasibilityStudy and Environmental ImpactAssessment, Preparationof RAP 8 Reviewof DetailedEngineering Designand Tender Documentfor Mekenaio- Dembidolo Road U~aradinaProiect Final RAP Manual (Revised) 2.2 Landuseand Livelihood The socio-economic assessment result revealed that there is little differentiation along the entire project area in term of agricultural and other livelihood generating practices. Apart from the extensive peasant holding cereal production, cash crops' like coffee, pepper and other fruit bearing trees (mangoes and banana) play big role in the local economy. The most widely used cultivated crops in the project area include maize, sorghum, millet, barely, teff and wheat. The role of coffee production and processing is highly significant in the project influence area. Small-scale traditional irrigation is practiced in limited parts of the project area. Land use pattern in the project area is set out below. Table 2.3: LandUse Pattern bv Wereda 12003-04) 1 Land-useT V D(Hectares) ~ I Land Swamp/ Degradedl District/Wereda Pasture Arable under Forest Marsh Barren Others Total Land Land Crop Land Land Source: West Wellega Zone Finance and Economic Development Department, March 2004 The major industrial establishments are those small-scale grinding mills and coffee processing plants as shown in Table 2.4. The general livelihood situation indicates that majorities are living in subsistence agricultural practices with very little off farm activities. There is strong expectation on the part of the local people that the project may have a positive impact on the development of improved agricultural practices and other livelihood means. Table 2.4: Smallscale Industries bv Wereda (2003-04) Grinding Coffee Coffee Oil Mill District/ Wereda Total Mill Pulpier Huller 1 Cimbi 1 60 1 21 1 2 1 4 1 87 1 Ayira Culiso 104 1 16 1 2 o 122 Lalo Asabi 23 I 6 1 2 1 o 1 ?I 1 Cawo Dale 52 1 12 I o 65 1 Dale Lalo (Sedil 1 25 1 1 1 o 1 o 1 26 Hawa Wallel 33 o o o 33 Sayo 6o 8 o 6 74 Yubdo 23 o o o 23 1 Total 380 1 6 4 1 7 1 10 461 1 Source: West Wellega Zone Finance and Economic Development Department, March 2004 Span Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Reviewof Feasibility Study and EnvironmentalImpact Assessment. Preparationof RAP & Review of Detailed EngineeringDesignand Tender Document for Mekenaio- Dembidolo Road U~aradinaProiect Final RAP Manual (Revised) 2.3 Social Services 'the availability o f social services like schools, health centers, water supply, access roads, etc, the project area also exhibited the same characteristics as the other paits o f the country. Still a lot o f efforts are required t o give adequate social services t o the majorities o f the population in the project immediate influence area. District-wise educational institutes are presented in table 2.5. Table 2.5: Schools b y Wereda (2003104) Number o f Schools District/ Wereda Primary Primary Senior Technicall Total 1st Cycle 2nd Cycle Secondary Vocational Preparatory Limbi 31 22 2 1 1 57 1Total 153 1 96 1 10 2 Source: West Wellega Zone Finance and Economic Development Department, March 2004 Data compiled at Zonal level still indicate that the illiteracy rate along the project area is estimated at 44 percent. The gross school enrolments for primary and secondary levels are 77 and 31 respectively. In all cases additional efforts needs t o be instigated t o expand pedagogical services in t o the area. In term o f health services, there are three hospitals serving the project area population. By Ethiopian standard the area is in a relatively better situation, as most parts o f the country do not have such short interval access t o hospitals. There are 59 clinics, 5 health centers and 18 health posts currently serving the people o f the project immediate influence area (Table 2.6). The main bottlenecks in all of these health institutions are inadequate manpower and medicine. These facilities do not have the qualified medical personnel, mainly doctors, t o deliver proper services Table 2.6: Health Institutions b y Wereda (2003/04) Beds Health Health Drug Rural Drug District/ Wereda Hospital Clinic Center Post Store Vendor Hospital Others Limbi 1 1 8 5 3 9 8o 6 Ayira Guliso 1 1 4 2 o 10 8i o Lalo Asabi o o 5 1 o 8 o o Source: West Wellega Zone Finance and Economic Development Department Socio-economic a Span Consultants in Assoc~ationwith 23 Beza Consulting Engineers i Consultancy Services for Review of FeasibilityStudy and EnvironmentalImpact Assessment, Preparationof RAP 8 Review of DetailedEngineering Design and Tender Documentfor Mekenajo- DembidoloRoad Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) Profiles of Respective Districts, March 2004 As the table below shows only limited number of the population has access to safe water which is now greatly compromising with the health of the entire project immediate influence area population. About 30 percent of the morbidity cases in the project immediate influence area are related to the unsafe water supply and poor hygiene. Table 2.7: Potable Water Supply coverage b y Wereda, (zoo3/04) 1 X Population Covered Wereda Rural Clrban Girnbi 18.0% Hawa Wallel Sayo 33.6% 1 69.2% Yubd0 14.5% ( 54.5% Source: -West Wellega Zone Finance and Economic Development Department, March 2004 The existing road and transportation services are other major impedimentsfor the socio - economic progress in the area. The road to population ratio shows a ikm/ 1000 people. This implies the need for more road related intervention in the area. The road density of the project area is calculated as 8.34km's/ioookm's square. This ratio is even much lower from the country level current density, (33.6Km/1oookmz).Wereda level road coverage is outlined in table 2.8. Table 2.8: Road Network by Wereda (2003-04) Length (Km) 1 Wereda All-weather Dry-weather Total Gravel Road Road (Krn) (krn) (krn) , , [ -- Girnbi 73 48 I 121 40 135 175 54 55 109 1Gawo Dale 64 1 96 1 160 1 Dale Lalo ISedi) 1 18 1 20 I 78 Hawa Wallel 43 o 43 1 Sayo 36 68 104 Yubdo 34 266 300 Total 362 Source: West Wellega Zone Finance and Economic Development Department, March zoo4 All the above socio-economic indicators generally show the project area is characterized by low socio economic profile. In this regard the proposed Mekenajo - Dembidolo road project will have a significant contribution in transferring this low socio- economic condition to a better status. ii Span Consultants ~nAssociation with Beza Consulting Engineers i Consultancy Services for Review of FeasibilityStudy and EnvironmentallmpactAssessment. ~re~aratio"of RAP & Review of Detailed ~ngineeringDesign and Tender document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) 3. Legal, Policy andAdministrative Framework There are a number of legal documents at Federal and Regional levels in relation to compensation payments and resettlement issues. 'The major documents include the Ethiopian Constitution, Proclamation No. 45512005 on Expropriation of Land holdings for Public Purposes and Payments of Compensation and Proclamation 45612005 on Rural Land Administration and land Use. In this manual an attempt has been made to summarize some of the provisions in these legal documents which are found to be relevant to the present task. Moreover, previous legal documents which are consistent with the provisions of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) constitution are also used. These major documents include:- * Proclamation IVo.I/ 1995of the Ethiopian Constitution; 1997 Environment Policy; Environnemental lmpact Assessment Proclamation No. zgglzooz; Environmental lmpact Assessment Guideline Document (July 2000); Proclamation No. 45512005 on Expropriation of Land holdingsfor Public Purposes and Paymentsof Compensations; and Proclamation No. 456 / 2005 on Rural LandAdministration and Land use, When it comes to compensation, all documents clearly state that individuals have the right to be compensated for the works on land created by the labor and capital. In line with these basic premises major resettlement and compensation issues are summarized from various legal documents as follows. 3.1. The Constitution As the major binding document for all other derivative national and regional policies, laws and regulations, the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE), (proclamation 111995) has several provisions, which have direct policy, legal and institutional relevance for the appropriate implementation of the resettlement action plans, which are being prepared by the Ethiopian RoadsAuthority. Article 40.3 of the Constitution states the public ownership of both rural and urban land as well as all natural resources. It further states that land is the common property of the Ethiopian people and cannot be subject to sale or to other means of exchange. Moreover, ownership of land is vested in the State and the people while rural and urban dwellers have only use rights over land. A use right gives the user of the land the right to use the land and the right to benefit from the fruits of herlhis labor which may be crops, trees, etc. found on the land or any permanent works such as buildings etc. Article 44.2 of the Constitution indicates that interventions for public goods that cause the displacement of people or adversely affect the livelihood of the local population shall give the right to commensurate monetary or other means of compensation including relocation (resettlement) with adequate State assistance. This provision has a strong Span Consultants in Association with 25 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental ImpactAssessment, ~ r e ~ a r a t i oRAPf & Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for ~ o Mekenajo- Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) relevance to the resettlement action plan that ERA undertakes while involved in road projects. The provisions in the constitution clearly states Government's obligation not only to compensate for the works on land created by the labor and capital of land users but also to compensate for the lost land through resettling the affected individuals/communitiesby the State programwith adequate assistance. 3.2. ProclamationNumber45512005 The proclamation indicates that a rural landholder whose landholding has been permanently expropriated shall in addition to other remunerations, be paid for his displacement an amount equivalent to ten times the average income he secured during the preceding past five years. For a landholder whose land provisionally expropriated shall be paid for the lost income, based on the average annual income secured for the preceding'five years, until heishe repossessesthe land. Those individuals who get a land replacement shall be rewarded with the amount equivalent to the average annual income secured during the precedingfive years. As per this proclamation an urban landholder whose land holding has been expropriated shall be provided, apart from the estimated payment for lost house, with a plot of urban land to construct a house and be paid a displacement compensation equivalent to the annual rent of the demolished house or be allowed to live in public housewithout rent for one year. 3.3. LandTenure and the Right of Way Land is the property of the statelpublic and does not require compensation. The land proclamations 3111975 of rural land and 4711975 of urban land state that the Government holds the ownership of land; it is the property of the Ethiopian People. Article 7(72) of proclamation 411975 states that the Government shall pay fair compensation for property found on the land, but the amount of compensation shall not take any value of the land into account, becauseland is owned by state. Proclamation No.55/1993, article 5,2(k), states that ERA shall use, free of charge, land and such other resources and quarry substances for the purpose of construction of highways, camp, storage of equipment and other required services, provided, however, that it shall pay compensation in accordancewith the law for properties on the land it uses. The Right-of-way(ROW) is the land allocated and preserved by the law for the public use in road construction, rehabilitation and maintenance work. For example in the RR5o standard i5m1swidth on either side of the road centerline fall into the legal ROW. It seems that it is in recognition of Art. 6.17 of proclamation No 8011997 in re-establishing ERA gave the mandate to "determine the extent of land required for its activities in the adjacency as well as surrounding of highways and the conditions of use of such land by others". Proclamation No 45512005, which is targeted on expropriation of land holdings for public purposes and payment of compensations, and Proclamation No. 45612005 on Rural Land Administration and Useare the bases of this RAP. Span Consultants in Association with 26 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Servicesfor Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental ImpactAssessment, Preparationof RAP 8 Review of Detailed EngineeringDesign and Tender Documentfor Mekenajo -DembidoloRoad Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) 3.4. Oromia Regional State land useand administration proclamation Based on the Federal land administration and utilization proclamation No. 456/2005, regions have commenced their own land administration and utilization laws. Hence, the preparation of this RAP is obliged to adopt and use the Oromia National Regional state land use and administration proclamation. Under proclamation No 56/2002, of the regional state, the following rights and obligations are stated related to this Resettlement action plan. Article 4, sub article I, stressed that land is a common property of the state and the people, and shall not be subject to sell or other means of exchange. Article 5.1 on the other hand gives a full property right to holders over any property produced or built on the land including the right to alienate it in any manner. However, according to article 6.2, the right of alienation does not extend to the land itself. Article 6.4 again stipulates certain restrictions and obligations on the land itself. Article 6.4 again stipulates certain restrictions and obligations on the use right of land in which use procedures government institutions and social organizations have a legal mandate to use land for public purposes after transferring appropriate payments for holders. This is consistent with the federal constitution discussed above. 3.5. The Environmental Policyof Ethiopia The Ethiopian Environment Policy has provisions quite relevant to resettlement and rehabilitation issues.The major elements are:- To ensure that environmental impact assessments (EIA) consider not only physical and biological impacts but also address socio-economic, political and cultural conditions; to recognize that pubiic consultation is an integral part of an EIA and ensure that EIA procedures make provision for both an independent review and public comment before consideration of decisionmakers; to ensure that an environmental impact statement always includes mitigation plans for environmental management problem and contingency plans in case of accidents; to ensure that, at specified intervals during the project implementation, environmental audits regarding monitoring, inspection and record keeping take place for activities where these have been required by the Environmental Impact Statement; to ensure that preliminary and full ElAs are undertaken by the relevant sectoral ministries or departments, if in the public sector, and by the developer, if in the private sector; to create by law an EIA processwhich requires appropriate environmental impact statements and environmental audits for private and state development projects; to establishthe necessary institutional framework and determine the linkages of its parts for undertaking, co-coordinating and approving ElAsand the subsequent Span Consultants in Association with 27 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparationof RAP 8. Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo- DembidoloRoad Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual(Revised) system of environmental audits required to ensure compliance with conditionality's; to develop detailed sectoral technical guidelines in ElAs and environmental audits; to ensure that social, socio-economic, political and cultural conditions are considered in environmental impact assessment procedures and included in sectoralguidelines; and to develop EIA and environmental audit capacity and capability in the EnvironmentalProtection Authority, sectoral ministriesand agencies as well as in the regions 3.6. Ethiopian RoadsAuthority (Policy Framework) Apart from the broad policy frameworks at national level, the main reference behind the preparation of this Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is ERA'S guiding principles as stipulated in its Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy Framework. The principles in the framework are adopted basically from the World Bank's policy on resettlement and rehabilitation. The following statement is adopted from the ERA'S Resettlement and Rehabilitation Frameworkto show when and where a RAP is required or not. At project identification, social screening/social impact assessment (SIA) of the subprojects will be conducted with the aim to determine whether or not a subproject requires detailed resettlement action plans as specified in World Bank policy. The principles of compensation/rehabilitation will be triggered wherever there will be a land requirement and adverse social impacts. If the SIA findings reveal that more than 200 persons are affected by a subproject, a resettlement action plan will be prepared (ERA 2002). However, as to OP 4.12, "where impacts on the entire displaced is minor, or fewer than 200 people are displaced, an abbreviated resettlement plan may be agreed with the borrower" As per the aboveframework and the Bank policy, a threshold has been set whether or not to proceed with a detail RAP once a social screening is done on any proposed road development project. A Road development that entails the relocation of more than 200 individualsor above 40 householdsis expected to entail a resettlement action plan. Those road projects that would displace less than 200 individualsare not expected to come up with a detailed/full scale RAP. In such cases an Abbreviated ResettlementAction Plan will be prepared. Although this is the case, there is a major gap between the National Legislations and the WB Operational Policies (OP4.12) in notification period and expropriation of properties. Proclamation No 455/2oo5 Article 3 & 4 requires that property must be handed over go days after compensation has been paid. On the other hand OP.4.12 requires that displacement must not occur before necessary measures for resettlement are in place. In case of a conflict between the national and international procedures, OP4.12 states that" where domestic law does not meet the standard of compensation at full replacement cost, compensation under domestic law is supplemented by additional measures necessary to meet the replacement cost standard". Y1 Span Consultants in Association with 28 Beza Consulting Engineers I Consultancy Sewices for Reviewof Feasibility Study and EnvironmentalImpactAssessment. Preparationof RAP 8 Reviewof DetailedEngineeringDesign and Tender Documentfor Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) 3.7 'the World Bank Operational Policies(OP4.12) The Operational Policies of the World Bank on Involuntary Resettlement geared towards to avoid or minimize adverse impacts of projects. The Bank experience indicates that development projects, if unmitigated, may cause severe long-term hardships, impoverishment, and environmental damages. Hence, the following are Policy Objectives of the World Bank as outlined inthe aforementioned Operational Policies. Involuntary Resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs. Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development program, providing sufficient investmentresourcesto enable the persondisplaced by the projectto share in project benefits. Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planningand implementing resettlement program. Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real term, to pre-displacementlevels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. Span Consultants in Association with 29 Beza Consulting Engineers ConsultancyServices for Review of FeasibilityStudy and EnvironmentalImpact Assessment, Preparation of RAP & Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo- Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) . Table 3.1: Comparison of Ethiopian Legislation and OP 4.12 Theme World Bank Op 4.12 Ethiopian Legislation Comparison Recommendations t o I Address Gaps Policy World bank OP4.12 has overall Proclamation No 45512005 (Article 3(1)) The World Bank requirement for World Band OP 4.12 Objectives policy objectives, requiring that: gives power t o Wereda or urban avoidance or minimization of overall objectives shall Involuntary resettlement administrations t o "expropriate rural or involuntary resettlement is not written be applied t o avoiding should be avoided wherever urban landholdings for public purpose into Ethiopian legislation. or minimizing possible, or minimized, where it believes that it should be used Proclamation No 45512005 does not involuntary exploring all alternatives. for a better development..."This is indicate consultation with displaced resettlement t o ensure Resettlement program should supported by Article 51(5) and Article persons throughout the resettlement resettlement program be sustainable, include 40(8) of the 1995 Constitution. process, rather only allows for a sustainable and meaningful consultation with complaints and grievance process. includes meaningful affected parties, and provide Proclamation No 45512005 (Article 7(5) Although Proclamation No 45512005 consultation. benefits t o the affected states that" the cost of removal, allows for some form of support t o the parties transportation and erection shall be paid displaced persons, it does not Displaced persons should be a s compensation for a property that explicitly state that livelihoods should assisted in improving could be relocated and continue it serves be restored t o previous levels or livelihoods etc, or at least as before." improved. restoring them t o previous levels Notification Article lo of World Bank OP4.12 Article 4 of Proclamation No 45512005 There is a gap in Proclamation No Displaced person periodltiming requires that the resettlement requires notification in writing, with 45512005 t o allow land t o be should always be paid of activities associated with a sub - details of timing and compensation, expropriated before necessary compensation and displacement projects are linked t o the which cannot be less than go days from measures for resettlement take place, support before the implementation of development notification. It requires that land should particularly before the displaced land is handed over, as program t o ensure displacement be handed over within go days of person has been paid. This can have per World Bank OP4.12. or restriction of access does not payment of compensation payments. If serious consequences for those occur before necessary measures there is no crop or other property on the affected, as they may be displaced for resettlement are in place. In land, it must be handed over within 30 without shelter or livelihood. particular, taking of land and days of notice of expropriation. It further related assets may take place gives power t o seize the land through only after compensation has police force should the landholder be Span Consultants in Association with 30 Beza Consulting Engineers ConsultancySewices for Review of Feasibilitv Studv and Environmental Impact Assessment. preparationof RAP & Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender document for Mekenajo - DembidoloRoad UpgradingProject F~nalRAP Manual (Revised) been paid, and, where applicable, unwillingto hand over the land resettlement sites and moving allowances have been provided to dis~lacedDersons. Eligibility for World Bank OP4.12 gives Proclamation No 45512005, Article 7(1) According to World Bank OP4.12, The requirements of Compensation eligibility to: allows' landholders' to be eligible for eligibility for compensation is granted World Bank OP4.12, as Those who have formal legal compensation, where the term to "affected parties. Ethiopian described in Column 2 rights to the land; "landholder" (Articlez(3) means" and Legislation only grants compensation of this table, expected Those who do not have formal individual, government or private to those with lawful possession of the to be applied, legal rights to land, but have a organization or any other organ which land, and as per Proclamation No 456, claim to such land; and has legal personality and have lawful those with traditional possession i.e. Those who do not have possession over the land to be Communal lands. It therefore does not recognizable legal right or expropriated and owns property situated recognize those without a legal right claim to the land thereon" or claim as eligible for compensation. Compensation World Bank OP4.12 Article 6(a) Article 7 of Proclamation No. 45512005 The World Bank requirement for The World Bank requires that displaced persons entitles the landholder to compensation compensation and valuation of assets requirements for are provided with prompt and for the property on the land on the basis it that compensation and relocation compensation must be effective compensation at full of replacement cost; and permanent must result in the affected person followed, as per OP4.12 replacement cost for losses of improvements to the land, equal to the must have property and a livelihood footnote I, which assets attributable directly to the value of capital and labor expended. returned to them to at least equivalent states, "Where project. If physical relocation is standards as before. This is not clearly domestic law does not an impact, displaced persons Where property is on urban land, stated in local Proclamations. It is meet the standard of must be provided with assistance compensation may not be less than expected that the regulations and compensation at full during relocation and residential constructing a single room low cost directives will provide more clarity and replacement cost, housing, housing sites and lor house as per the region in which it is clearer guidance in this regard. compensation under agricultural sites to at least located. It also requires that the cost of domestic law is equivalent standards as the removal, transportation and erection will supplemented by previous site. Replacement cost be paid as compensation for a relocated additional measures does not take depreciation into property continuing its service as before. necessary to meet the account. In term of valuing Valuation formula are provided in replacement cost assets. If the residual of the asset Regulation No. 13512007 standard" being taken is not economically Span Consultants in Association with 3 1 Beza Consulting Engineers ConsultancyServices for Review of Feasibility Study and EnvironmentalImpactAssessment, Preparationof RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenaio- Dembidolo Road U~aradinaProiect Final RAP Manual (Revised) viable, Responsibilities According to OP4.12, Article 14 Article 5 of Proclamation No 455/2oog The process required for the project As per the World Bank of the project and 18), the borrower is sets out the responsibilities of the proponent / implementing agency requirements, project proponent responsible for conducting a implementing agency, requiring them to lacks descriptive processes in local processes included census and preparing, gather data on the land needed and legislations ... screening, a census, implementing, and monitoring works, and to send this to the the development of a the appropriate resettlement appropriate officials for permission. If plan, management of instrument. Article 24 states that also requires them to pay compensation compensation the borrower is also responsible to affected landholders. payments and for adequate monitoring and monitoring and evaluation of the activities set evaluation of success. forth in the resettlement It must also include instrument. In addition, upon proper consultation completion of the project, the with the affected borrower must undertake an parties throughout the assessment to determine process. whether the objectives of the resettlement instrument have been achieved. This must all be done according to the requirements of OP4.12. Article 19 requires that the borrower inform potentially displaced persons at an early stage about the resettlement aspects of the project and takes their views into account in project design. Span Consultants in Association with 32 Beza Consulting Eng~neers L Consultancy Sewices for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP & Reviewof Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dernbidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) 3.8. InstitutionalFramework 3.8.1 The Ethiopian RoadsAuthority (ERA) The Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) was established in 1951 through proclamation No.6311963 with responsibilities for the construction, improvement and maintenance of the Country's road network. 'the highest body in the management hierarchy is the board. ERA's Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch (EMB) established in January 1998 with major responsibility of setting and implementing ERA's environmental guidelines in support of the national level requirements. The EMB holds the capacity of advisory, co- ordination and supervision aspects that are pertinent to the road environmental impacts and implication assessment as well as co-ordination with the respective ERA district offices. 3.8.2. Environmental ProtectionAuthority (EPA) One of the environmental policies of the EPA is to protect and rehabilitate the fundamental causes that lead to degradation, adverse effects and determine mitigation measures. The policy is integrated and compatible to fit a long term economic development strategy known as agricultural development-ledindustrialization (ADI-I) and other key policies. As per sub-article 2 of article 6 of Proclamation No.g of 1995, environmental development and management as well as protection in Ethiopia are designated. In this case the SIA assessment needs to be reviewed and incorporated into different road project phases: at designing & planning, construction, monitoring, post- project evaluationand maintenance phases. To minimize and alleviate environmental impacts the Oromia national regional state establishedthe regional environmental office in 2002. This office is responsible to ensure matters pertaining to the region's environmental, social and economic development activities are carried out in a mannerthat will protect the welfare of human beings as well as sustainable use and develop of natural resources. To achieve this end the regional government environmental office adopted a community based or led environmental protection strategy in addition to having offices at Wereda level. Hence, the roles of Wereda level environmental offices and local communities are important in environmental conservationand management. 3.8.3. General Remarkson Legal, Policyand Institutional Issues The analysis of all the above legal documents indicates that proper legal and institutional frameworks are in place to execute all compensation and resettlement activities. This resettlement action plan is prepared within the provisions of the proclamations and WB policies. The policy and institutional frameworks in relation to compensationand resettlement has wide cross-cutting issues that entail the participation of different stakeholders at different levels of operation. A number of governmental bodies are expected to have a horizontal and vertical interaction in implementing the various legal procedures. Their Span Consultants in Association with 33 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Servicesfor Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment. Preparationof RAP 8 Review of DetailedEngineering Designand Tender Document for Mekenaio- Dembidolo Road Uoaradino Proiect Final RAP Manual(Revised) concerted effort is very much required. ERA expected to manage its activities with other relevant bodies outside and within its structures. In executing resettlement action plan, for instance, management and coordinated efforts between the Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch and the Right of Way Branch within ERA is very much essential. Moreover, the following major issues are adopted to show the ongoing key polices and institutional reform on the road sector from the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development release, (2005/06). Improvement of resource mobilization and allocation through equitable road pricing and provision, adequate budget for road maintenance and strengthen the roadfund, Enhancing the capacity of road construction and maintenance by creating an enabling environment for increasedparticipation of domestic private contractors, Reduce reliance on force account by turning ERA'S district maintenance organizations,(DMOs) intofully commercial operating units, Setting strict directives for the enforcement of safety regulations so as to reduce the number and severity of road accidents, Strengthening the enforcement of axle loads limits Addressing the environmental effects of road construction by taking measures to ensure conformity of design standards with environmental protection requirements, Promote the use of labor-intensive technology and ensure community participation wherever possible in building and maintaining local and community roads, Provide community based integrated village travel and transport services and reduce travel time and burden on villages, especially women, to meet the expected increaseinthe movement of agricultural input and surplus production, Strengthening administration and management in such a manner that federal and regional road agencies have the institutional capacity to manageand maintain the current road assets and protectingfuture investments inthe road sector, Develop a coherent planning and programming approach based on a net-work stabilization program, in which federal and regional road agencies formulate common methodologies of allocation of available and projected resources. Span Consultants in Association with 34 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and EnvironmentalImpactAssessment, Preparationof RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Documentfor Mekenaio- Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) 4. Potential Socio-economic Impactsof the Project 4.1 Descriptionof the ProjectArea Socio-economicenvironment 4.1.1 DemographicProfile of the Project Affected Persons A total of 1519households and institutions will be affected by the road upgradingproject. Out of the total Project affected households, 235 are female headed while 1270 are male headed. Apart from these, 14 of the affected buildings belong to public and government institutions, such as properties of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, post offices, small scale enterprisesand associationswhom owning buildingsalongthe ROW. Table 4.1: Percentage of Affected Households Percent Female h e a d e d 15.47 M a l e h e a d e d 83.60 Institutions Total 99-99 Source: - Consultant field survey, 2006 The age category of project affected household heads ranges from 12 up to 92. An average age of household heads of the PAPSalongthe project is 42 years. Family sizes of the project affected households' ranges from 1to 38. However, the numbers of affected household heads having the highest number of family members are not significant. 70 percent of household heads (1063) have a family size of rangingfrom three to eight. The average family size for the affected households is 6.2. Different ethnic group members of the country have houses, businesses and other properties along the ROW and are thus likely affected by the project. Out the total household heads, go8 of them belong to the Oromo ethnic group and accounted 59.8 percent of the total (Table 4.2). Next t'o them are the Amara ethnic group members numbered 132 and accounted 8.7 percent from the total followed by the Gurage numbered 38, 2.5 percent, and Tigre numbered 28, 1.8 percent. The major language spoken by almost all ethnic groups for both business and other social dealings is Oromiffa. Amharic is also widely spoken intowns. Table 4.2: Ethnicity of PAPS Span Consultants in Associat~onwith 35 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP & Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo -Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) Source: - Consultantfield survey, zoo6 In religious observances, out of the total 1519 project affected household heads, 1267 of them, accounted 83.4 percent from the total are Christians (both Protestant and Orthodox). Muslims, on the other hand, numbered188and accounted12.4 percent. Table 4.3: ReligiousAffiliation of PAPs Source: - Consultantfield survey, 2006 4.1.2 Livelihood of the ProjectAffected Person 'there are certain livelihood activities being pursued by the project affected persons. 603 (39.69%)household head PAPs are engaged in trading of different kinds of goods and services especially intowns, while 368 (24.2%)mostly located in rural areas are engaged in subsistence farming and 121 (7.96%)of them are civil servants. The rest of the affected householdsare basingtheir livelihoods on different bread wining activities which includes daily labor, artisanship, etc. (see table 6.5 on occupational stratification of project affected household heads) Traders which are found either in urban or rural areas, where they run shops and other businesses normally located close to the road corridors. Retail shops, bars (including local brewers), restaurants,stores, etc are major businessesthat likelyaffected by the project. 4.1.3 EducationalBackgroundof the ProjectAffected Person The educational backgrounds of the household heads ranges from grade one to university level. The number of affected household heads over the range of educational levels (particularly up to secondary school) is almost evenly distributed, with the highest beinggrade twelve numbered 152 and accounted 10 percent from the total. Span Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparationof RAP & Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) 4.1.4 Historical, Cultural and Religious Resources The study team did not identify any historical, cultural and religious sites along the project road, except one Mosque at RobCebeya junction and one burial ground on the sides of the existing road. The Mosque and the burial site require special care during commencement of the road construction processand during site selection for detour. 4.1.5 SocialAcceptability of the Project Road The study team learned that almost the entire respondents appreciate the road project. Community members along the project road give high priority and value to the road construction and are fully aware of the benefits that the upgrading of the gravel road to asphalt level to the development of the towns and the Weredas in West Wellega Zone. Duringthe field survey, project affected persons were often heard sayingthat they would bear any pains for the realization of the road project. Some of the benefits of the project they cited are relief from the dust pollution, better access to transport facilities, reduction of transport tariffs, better movement of goods and agricultural products, etc. In addition to the community members, all administrative bodies of the Zone and Weredas were fully supportive of the project cause. They facilitated the study team engagements with households within the ROW very effectively and have shown the maximum commitment for the realization of the project. The list of institutions/ persons contacted during the field survey is outlined in Annex 2. Further socio-economic details of the PAP are given in Annex 3. 4.2 Socio-economic Impacts of the Project In the rural section of the upgrading project, 276 hectares of farmlands, 14 hectares of fruit and non fruit bearing trees lands will be impacted permanently and 48.6 hectares of farmlands will be impacted temporarily. Again in this section of the project, the project will affect 31 housesfully and loo houses partially (out of the total). In the urban section of the project, 303 buildings will be impacted fully and 1196 partially. In addition to these impacts, a total of 202oM of telephone (45 poles), 43ooM of electric lines (96 poles) and 6162m of water pipes will be dislocated. This will affect a total number of 1519 households. Although this is the case, the project road has both positive and negative impacts. To begin with the anticipated positive impacts of the project, it is expected to reduce vehicles operating costs, transport and time costs for passengers and freight, and improvement in the availability of motorized transport services. Moreover, the project is envisaged to create development impacts in facilitating socio-economic and cultural activities. In the long term the project will also change the quality of life of the people residing along the project influence area for better. The following are some of the major anticipated positive impacts of the upgrading project: Increase and improvetrade and market facilities Timely provision of agricultural inputs Span Consultants in Association with 37 Beza Consulting Eng~neers Consultancy Servicesfor Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparationof RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo- Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) Increaseagriculturalproduction in relationto availability of fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and other modern technologies. Helpfarmers to selltheir productionsat better prices. Facilitateconditionsfor the development of small scale businessand enterprises Facilitateconditionsfor urban development's and easy population movements Facilitateconditionsfor the improvement of social services and amenities Helpwomen in reducingworkloads and time to travel to market places. Employmentopportunities during and after construction Encouragelocal community membersto be engagedon off farm activities. Increasingthe attractiveness of voluntary re-resettlements Although the above outlined issues indicatethe major positive impacts of the project, it likely has also the following negativeimpacts: Spread of SexuallyTransmitted Diseases (STD) and HIV/AIDS Growth of squatters and uncontrolled settlements Noisedisturbance specifically during construction Hazardousand waste materialsdumping on farmlands, settlement areas, water points Pressureon localfacilities and services Landacquisitionsfor the project and related activities Demolitionof residential, commercial and institutional structures. Pressureon vegetative cover of the area -the project with its 3om of ROW in rural areas and 2om of ROW in urban areas has a considerable socio-economic impact in almost all the towns and some rural villages it traversed. Its impact varies depending on the proximity of the houses and other structures to the road alignment. Intowns like Inango, where there is very little clearance between the road and the houses, the socio-economicimpact of the road on houses and business installations will be higher. Moreover, the road will be realigned at two designated places, (Ayra, 5.6km1and Gebarobi, 7km's) and may have a greater impact. 'the realignment of the road through the center of Ayra and Gebarobi (Rob Gebeya) towns will affect residential houses and business installations which requires compensations. At Harosebu (AlemTeferi)the affect on properties is lesser because the existing road is already connected by a 2.qkm's spur with the road that passes through the town that has been constructedduring the Imperialera. Table 4.4: Number of householdsthat will be affected both in rural-urbansettlements. Span Consultants in Association with 38 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental ImpactAssessment, Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) Road section Nameof No. of Total Publicand government Town/Village H.H.H* Number institutions. of PAPS I-Mekenajo-Ayra Mekenajo 7 54 -Tailorsenterprise. Gerji-Liben 8 54 -CommercialBank Werebabu 2 7 -Mosque, Nano-lnango 2 13 -Smallscale enterprise. Inango(town) 351 2221 -Municipalityshops; Horda Daleti 13 106 -Public libra'ry.(Inango). Jarso Damot 24 101 Kelisibirbir 8 30 Guliso (town) 147 758 -C.B.E (Guliso) Kuta Korma 1 7 -Saving and credit Wayu Kole 13 I65 Association(Guliso) Ayra (town) 193 1268 G y r a- Chanka Ayra junction 17 157 -C. B.E(AlemTeferi) (town) -Economic and Finance Amara Gucho 1 Bureau. ' 2 17 Alem Teferi (town) 134 82 -Small scale enterprise Taye Awetu 4 22 (Canka) Arero Chole 1 6 -C.B.E (Chanka) Chamo 12 85 -Smallmunicipality shops Kombo 5 29 -Postoffice (Chanka). Chanka- Chanka (town) 175 980 -Non Dembidolo Mechara (town 121 779 Debrebirhan 1 4 1Rob Gebeva(town) 1 116 1801 1 Anno Michael 9 50 Minko , 9 54 /Dembidolo(town) 1144 1864 Total I1 Il519* 8614 14(out of the total) Source: - Consultant Survey, 2008. *Represent only t h e total number o f household heads and institutions n o t the total number o f houses and buildings. 4.2.1. Social Impacts in Urbanand RuralAreas The impacts of the project in urban areas are mainly reflected on businesses and residences. ~ e ~ e n d i non the proximity of the houses to the road, the impacts varies g from loss of strips of-land and fences to full houses and businesses. Apart from these, social services such as electric and telephone lines will also be affected. A total of 202oM of telephone (45 poles), 430oM of electric lines (96 poles) and 6162m of water pipes will be dislocated. In rural sections, the project will affect 31 houses fully and loo houses partially (out of the total). ~oreover,-2~6hectares of farmlands and 14 hectares of fruit and non fruit bearing trees lands will be impacted permanently. Moreover, 48.6 hectares of farmlands will be needed temporarily. In all a total number of 1519 households and institutions with their 1630 buildings will be affected due to the road upgrading works. Detailsof affected housesand buildings in each Wereda are given inTable 4.5. Span Consultants rn Association with 39 Beza Consult~ngEngineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental lmpact Assessment, Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) Table 4.5: Number of Affected Houses by Category and Wereda* HawaWolel 6o o 60 195 2 197 255 2 257 Seyo 10 3 13 147 18 165 157 21 178 GrandTotal 303 31 334 1196 loo 1296 1499 131 1630 Source: - Consultantfield survey, 2006 *The total number representsimpactedhousesnot household heads. Out of these 1630 impacted houses and buildings, 187 of them are owned by Kebele associations. 14 of them are owned by different public and government institutions, (See table 4.6), 19 of them are under commercial bank of Ethiopia collateral, 48 of them are municipality owned shops, and 1362 residences, shops, stores and other enterprises are private properties. In addition to this classification the number of partially affected houses counted 1296 and fully impacted ones numbered 334. Table 4.6: Summary table for impacted houses purposes along the project. I-Shops (Commercial Ventures) 483 2-Stores 29 3-Carpentry (Workshops) 4 4-Grinding mill 3 5-Coffee processing structure 1 7-Residentail houses 8-Toatl 1630 4.2.1.1. lmpact of the project on houses and other structures Rural kebeles and villages have huts and residential houses in close proximity to the road that will fall within the ROW of 30M. However, as they have relatively wider compound area in backyards, no major displacement is anticipated. Of the total 1630 would be impacted residential houses and other structures, 131 of them are found in rural areas. Out of this number 31 of them are fully affected and loo of them are partially affected. In the urban section of the road, a total of 1499 structures will be damaged. This upholds 303 full and 1196 partial impacts. (See table 6.2 on types of houses and other structures and table 6.3 on types of impacts). 4.2.1.2. lmpact of the Project on Farmlands Span Consultants in Association with 40 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment. Preparation of RAP & Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) The road alignment, detour, quarry and camp sites will have a significant impact on farmlands in the rural areas. Except in few sections where the existing road is narrower and farmlands are near to the ROW, the road alignment is not expected to cause higher impact on farmlands. Nonetheless, the detour, burrow, quarry and camp sites will be impacting farmlands temporally. A total of 276 hectares of farmlands and 14 hectares of fruit and non fruit bearing trees lands permanently, and 48.6 hectares of farmlands temporarily will be affected in considering camp site usages as a permanent loss by the consultant. Although the project is upgrading one, there is more permanent loss of farmlands than temporary losses under the project operations due to the fact that all through the route inhabitants are residing in a relative congested manner in pockets of settlement areas. Beyond these settlement areas, the land is covered by bushes and savanna grasslands. 4.2.1.3.Impactof the projecton RoadsideTrees and PerennialCrops All along the three sections of the road eucalyptus trees and fruit bearing trees are planted at the edges of farmlands and in front of houses facing the road. During the survey in 2om of ROW in urbanareas and 3om of ROW in rural areas it was observed that fruit and non fruit bearing trees will be affected during the construction process. Eucalyptus trees, mango, avocado and banana are the major trees to be affected. There are also coffee plants in some sections of the ROW. A total of 22,750 eucalyptuses, 584 mango, 2,800 coffee, 4000 banana and 111avocado trees expected to be removed during the construction of the road. (See table 6.11) 4.3. Disruptionto Services The project involves relocation of electric and telephone lines and water pipes, especially in the major towns. Thus it is anticipated that there will be temporary disruption of electric and telephone services in major towns. During the survey period, it was also observed that new metal poles are being erectedfor electric line in close proximity to the road, in many rural areas. Unless, ERA discusses this issue with Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation, the relocation cost of the power lines might far exceed the estimated ones. (See section 6.3). In total 96 electric poles (4300M1sof electric lines) and 45 telephone ones (zozoM1sof telephone lines) will be dislocated due to the upgrading road project. For cost estimation purposes, the consultant tried to collect information's from respective institutions regarding the types of poles to be erected before the commencement of the road project. But in no avail the attempt failed for reason of lack of substantial information on this particular issue. (See annex 2). There are 6162 meters of water pipes will be dislocated due to the project. Out of the total 441oM of them are 2.5 inch types and 1752 M are 3 inchtypes. The total pieces of water pipes (6 meters each) to be dislocatedwould be 1027.(See table 6.14) 4.4. ImpactsAssociated with Ancillary Works Ancillary works associated with the road construction like quarries, burrow pits, construction camps and detour roads will dispossess certain crop and grazing land and trees. Normally such demands are temporary in nature and the land can be reinstated to its original condition. However, past experience in Ethiopia shows that hardly any attempts were made to reinstate the land. Moreover, Camp sites as they remained for Span Consultants in Assoc~ationwith 4 1 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental ImpactAssessment, Preparationof RAP 8 Reviewof Detailed EngineeringDesign and Tender Documentfor Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road UpgradingProject Final RAP Manual (Revised) other services after the commencement of the road project (remained permanently for other uses) should not be constructed on rich agricultural lands and ecologically sensitive areas. Contrary to the past experience this RAP assumes that the land required for temporary activities related to the road construction will be reinstated to their pre-project situation. Hence, compensation for temporary land expropriation is calculated for the period of impact only. Table 4.7 shows temporary landrequirement for the ancillary works. Table 4.7: Temporary Land Requirements I Ancillary Works I Land Requirement Remark In Ha Quarry sites 16.0 18ikm x 4 m = 72.4 ha, Detour road, 32.6 Land under cultivation is 45% of total land. So, 172.4 ha x 0.45 = 32.6 ha Iqha for contractor and zha for supervisor camp Camp site 18.0 sites each in three places. Total 66.6 Source: - Consultant engineers Material report 4.5. Impacts of the road on realigned sections As stated above the road will be realigned at two major points. In these realigned sections, there is a possibilitythat a total of 345 household head houses will be impacted due to the project. Categorically, there are 193 household head PAPs at Ayra, 116 household head PAPs at Gebarobi and 36 household head PAPs at Alem Teferi related to the realignment and access road or spur in the later case. The realigned sections and the narrow existing access road cover's 5.6Km1s, 7Km1s,and 2.4Km1s respectively. The land coverage of the realignment will be 16.8 hectares a t Ayra and 21 hectares at Gebarobi, and 7.2 hectares at AlemTeferi narrow access road. This will be a total of 45 hectares of land permanently required for the purpose of realignment in considering 2oM of ROW. The realignment section at AlemTeferi will have a lesser effect for reasons the existing road pass through the town. Through itsfield survey the consultant identified that there are no eucalyptus trees and fruit bearingtrees affected due to the realignment except shrubs in both Ayra and Gebarobi. Public utilities that would be affected in this major section of the road is given intable 6.14 4.6. Assistanceto Vulnerablegroups and HlVlAlDSPandemic HIVIAIDS pandemic is coming to be a serious socio-economic problem of the country. For this reason ERA adopted a sectoral policy in June 2004 to fight the spread of the epidemic at work places. This sectoral policy is designed to operate within the legal framework created by the labor proclamation No 37712003.As to the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia policy in tackling the spread of HIVIAIDS, governmental and non-governmental institutions, bilateral and multi-lateral agencies and other stakeholders shall be mobilized to combat the dieses and support people living with HlVlADlS and their families. Hence special attention shall begiven to the people who are abandonedand helpless. Span Consultants in Association with 42 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP & Review of Detailed EngineeringDesign and Tender Documentfor Mekenaio- Dembidolo Road U~aradinaProiect Final RAP Manual (Revised) In relation to the preparation of this Resettlement Action Plan and combating the spread of the pandemic due-to possible displacements and possible arrival of migrant workers ERA adopted a sectoral anti AIDS alleviation program at work places based on the need to promote a continuous awareness creation educations, information dissemination programs, condom distributions and counseling activities targeted to all site staffs and immediate community members. ERAS Environmental monitoring and Safety Branch through its HIVIAIDS program coordinator, the contractor, and the consultant are responsible for the purpose in collaboration or making special arrangements with other stake holders. To launch this program the consultant makes an assessment on budgetary issues and calculated 500,ooo birr needs to be secured. During implementation of this resettlement action plan, special attention and support shall be given to vulnerable families. There are 65 vulnerable individuals among 1519PAPs. This group of PAPS upholds:-i disabled, 44 female and 20 old aged male headed household individuals. The support of this category of PAPs includes: - rebuilding their houses, transferring and transporting their household item and materials to the newly constructed residential houses or businesses. For vulnerable groups that rent and live in kebele houses, the kebele officials are responsible to construct the house in the relocated site and also to provide all services related to the movement of the vulnerable groups to the newly constructed houses or businesses. In addition to these assistances vulnerable group members shall secure additional 10% compensation payments from their remunerations for losses. Their total compensation for losses calculated i,go7,230 Birr based on Annex 4. Hence, 10%of this amount is 190,723 Birr. Span Consultants in Association with 43 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Reviewof FeasibilityStudy and Environmental ImpactAssessment, Preparation of RAP & Review of Detailed EngineeringDesign and Tender Documentfor Mekenaio- Dernbidolo Road U~aradinaProiect Final RAP Manual(Revised) Table 4.8: Vulnerablegroups members, PAP'Sthat would prefer assisted resettlement [Section 1- Name ( Age I Town/ PA I HouseNo I Reasonsforassistance 1 6 I Ms Shashitu Tibebu 160 Ilnango 1 394 I FHH old age 7 I Ms Aregash Bishaw 162 Ilnango 1 395 IFHH old age 18 1 Ms Tatule Cobena 150 I Inane0 1 402 I FHH I 9 ( Ms Aregash Nigatu 152 I lnango 1 75 I FHH 10 I Ms Aregash Legdi 180 I lnango 1 76 IOld age/FHH 111 Ms Adanech C/ Mariam 65 lnango 107 Old agelFHH 12 Ms Alemnesh Tezgera 50 lnango 111 FHH 13 Ms Yewbdar Cebeyehu 55 lnango 130 FHH 14 Ms Mulunesh Workneh 6o lnango 133 Old age/FHH 15 Ms Birke Daba 6o lnango 137 Old age/FHH 28 Ms Dinknesh Jira 68 Luliso No Old age/FHH 29 Ms Mulunesh Telenfa 65 Luliso No Old age/FHH 1 30 Ms Lete Tadesse 74 Luliso NO Old age/FHH 31 Ms Millu Muleta 61 Guliso No Old age/FHH 32 Ms Tsega Teshome 63 Culiso No Old age/FHH 33 M r Terefe Serdi 90 Culiso No Old age 34 Ms Lalitu Cuta 75 Luliso No Old age 35 Ms Kenae Bisha 63 Luliso No FHH 36 Ms Drisa Jira 65 Ayra No FHH 37 Ms Shumete Tucho 75 Ayra No FHH Old age 38 Ms Semubatu Buta 70 Ayra No FHH Old age 39 Ms Desatu Jergo 66 Ayra No FHH 40 M r Terfassa Lobena 40 Luliso No Disabled Span Consultants in Association with 44 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and EnvironmentalImpactAssessment, preparatioi of RAP & Review of Detailed ~ngineeringDesign and Tender document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) Section - 2 1 Mr Olika Jaleta 85 Ayra-Junction No Old age 2 Mr Aulurna Surnesa 80 Ayra-Junction No Old age 3 Mr Taesa Kerorsa 81 Alern Teferi No Old age 4 Ms Aregash Kurnessa 92 Alern Teferi No Old age/FHH 6 Ms Mamite Sagi 71 Minko (Seyo) No Old age 7 Mr-Tolosa Lencho 91 Dernbidolo 276 Old age - 8 Mr Yitayew Lirnenh 93 Dernbidolo 547 Old age 9 Mr Cobena Daro 90 Dembidolo 984 Old age 10 'Mr Setota Ayehu 90 Dembidolo 19 Old age 11 Mr Mengesha Wayesa 75 Dernbidolo 159 Old age 12 Ms Marnite 73 Dernbidolo 153 Old age/FHH 13 Ms Mulatwa T/Birhane 8o Dernbidolo 386 Old age/FHH I14 Mr Avana Cobu 8o Dernbidolo 603 " / 15 Mr Keno Cebisa 182 I Dernbidolo 601 Old age 16 Ms Arnelework Yadesa 185 I Dernbidolo 26 Old age/FHH Total 65 Source: - Consultant field survey, 2006. 5. EligibilityCriteria 5.1. Croups Roadproject affected parties could be categorized into four groups: (a) Affected individual: An individual who suffers loss off assets or investments, land and property and / or access to natural and / or economic resources as a result of project activities and to whom compensation is due. (b) Affected Household: A household is affected if one or more of its members is affected by sub-project activities, either by loss of property, land, loss of access, or otherwise affected in any way by project activities. (c) Affected local community: A community is affected if project activities affect their socio- economic and/ or socio- cultural relationships or cohesion. (d) Vulnerable households: Vulnerable households may have different needs from other households or needs unrelatedto the amount of land available to them. Span Consultants in Associat~onwith Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancv Servicesfor Reviewof Feasibility Study and Environmental ImpactAssessment, preparation-of RAP 8 Review of Detailed ~ngineerin~Designand Tender Documentfor Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) 5.2. Criteria Fixingeligibility criteria for entitlement purpose is essential for the Resettlement/ Action Plan compensation payment processes. For this reason property inventories with other relevant socio-economic surveys, and fixing a cut- off- date after proper consultation and announcement is instrumental to avoid unnecessary and sometimes fraudulent claim for compensation. According to the World Bank OP 4.12 (2004) procedures, the following project affected citizens will be eligible for compensation: (e) Those who have formal legal rights to land (including customary and traditional rights of occupancy recognizedunder the laws of the country); (f) Those who do not haveformal legal rights to land at the time of census begins but have a claim to such land or assets provided that such claim are recognized under the laws of the country, or become recognizedthrough a process identified in the resettlement plan; and (g) Those who have no claimto landthey are occupying. Moreover, past experiences of compensation processes indicates setting some criteria is very important to identify eligible individuals for compensation. In this regard setting a particular date as a cut -off date is essential. Individuals whose properties inventoried prior to this date are eligible for compensation. For the Mekenajo-Dembidolo road upgrading project, April o3/2006 designatedas a cut-off-date.Any construction within the 3om of ROW in rural and 2om ROW in urbanareas after this date is not subject to any kind of compensation. Proper notifications and consultations were done during property inventory periods. Fixing such cut-off date is quite essential so as to avoid unnecessary and sometimes fraudulent claim for compensation. Easing the compensation process through such fixed criteria also helps during the construction stage that usually delayed by issuesrelated to compensation and relocation. 5.3 Process Once the Wereda and town level compensation committees approve holdings and use rights of an individual who would lose houses, crop lands, permanent trees, fruit trees, business installations and other properties, individuals will be eligible for compensation. Eligibility for compensation is also discussed in proclamation No 45512005 of the Federal Government of Ethiopia, Article 44(2) of the constitution, and ERAS' resettlement /rehabilitation framework. These are adopted as part of this RAP. Proclamation IVo 45512005 of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Article 2(1) stipulatesthe issue likethis:- Span Consultants in Association with 46 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental ImpactAssessment. ~ r e ~ a r a t i oRAPf& Review of Detailed ~ngineeringDesignand Tender document for ~ o Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) "A landholder whose holding has been expropriated shall be entitled to payment of compensationfor his property situated on the landand for permanent improvementshe made to such lands. However, prospectors or individuals who may come to the project area after the cut of date for an anticipation of compensationsor other reasons are not entitledfor compensation". Hence, based on the above-mentioned legal platform and international policy frameworks, all project affected individuals (except encroachers after the cut-off- date) have a legaland a policy mandateto be eligiblefor compensation. 6. Methodsof valuingcompensationfor lossof houses and business On the basis of proclamation number 45512005 compensation for expropriation of landholdings for public purposes or impacts of projects has to be calculated at replacement cost approach. Replacement cost as discussed in OP4.12 "is the method of valuation of assets that helps to determine the amount sufficient to replace lost assets and cover transaction costs. In applying this method of valuation, depreciation of structures and assets should not be taken into account". Hence, in determining the replacement cost, depreciation of assets and salvage materials are not taken into account, nor is the value of benefits to be derived from the project deducted from the valuation of affected assets. ERA'S Resettlement IRehabilitation Policy Framework, which was issued before proclamation 45512005, also take the gross current replacement cost as the basis for calculation for compensation. Cross current replacement cost is defined as "the estimated cost of erecting a building as new having the same gross external area that existing with the site works and services on a similar piece of land". Hence, the valuation of affected assets within the ROW of the Mekenajo-Dembidolo project considers a replacement cost approach for determination of compensation payments. Span Consultants in Association with 47 Beza Consulting Engineers ConsultancvServices for Review of Feasibility Study and EnvironmentalImpactAssessment. preparationof RAP B Review of Detailed ~ngineerin~Designand Tender documentfor Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual(Revised) For inventory of assets, land acquisition surveys, valuation of properties and delivery of entitlements the consultant team worked with the Wereda ad-hock compensation committees. Accordingly the following variables are adopted for valuation of affected houses and other structures. (I) The current construction cost for replacement (with no allowance for depreciation) is considered. (2) The compensation rate is estimated on the basis of the type of the affected houses or other structures. (3) The cost of each house and other buildingsthat would be replaced is estimated on the basis of specificationand current market prices. Compensation amounts for houses and other buildings worked out on the basis of the current cost per square meter or unit for replacing a comparable one. This method is applicable for impacted fences as well. For the methods of valuing affected social services ,fruit and eucalyptus trees and business both productivity valuation methods, current market valuation, material and labor valuation and average monthly income are taking into consideration. For losses that cannot easily be valued or compensated for in monetary term, (e.g. access to public services, grazing lands, customers and suppliers etc.) attempts shall be made to establish access to equivalent and culturally acceptable resourcesand earning opportunities. (OP4.12). Span Consultants ~nAssociation with 48 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental ImpactAssessment, Preparationof RAP 8 Review of DetailedEngineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - DembidoloRoad Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) 6.1. Principlesfor Compensation According to the proclamation, ERA'Sframework and establishedpractices, the following considerations and assumptions were applied in assessing the amount of compensation for loss of houses and businesses: Compensation and entitlements provided to PAPS are adequate to at least maintain or improve their pre-project standard of living; Compensation for replacement of houses and buildings is calculated at the current construction cost (based on the floor area and type of construction material) without allowing for depreciation of the assetsto be replaced; Urban landholders who will be completely displaced from their locations are entitled to a displacement compensation equivalent to the estimated annual rent of the houseto be demolished; Partially affected houses are considered as fully affected if impacted 25% or above and are entitled to compensationfor the entire house; The entire project affected persons, irrespective of whether they have formal legal title to land or not, are consideredfor compensation. The compensation principlesfor urban affected householdsregardingresidential houses, and businessare presented below. Span Consultants ~nAssoc~at~onw ~ t h 49 Beza Consult~ngEng~neers Consultancy Servicesfor Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment. Preparationof RAP 8 Review of Detailed EngineeringDesign and Tender Document for Mekenajo - DembidoloRoad Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) Span Consultants in Association with 50 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP 8 Reviewof Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - DembidoloRoad Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) Table 6.1: Entitlement Matrix for Urban Population FullvAffected I 1 Category of Type of loss Entitlements /I II /I 1 PAPS Compensation for land & Compensation I for Compensation for loss Moving allowance Other Assistances structures loss of assets of income Business A new land comparable or Replacement cost Additional payments Shifting cost for non Provisions of basic owner better advantage lost assets during for disruption periods. fixed assets, removal social services like relocation/demolishi Multiplyingthe average of salvage materials & electric city, potable 1 1 better structure for the ng 1 I I / I - & other monthly income of the debris water and access I business. improvements done owners by roads. disruption and the transition Rental accommodation Provision 1 construction of Replacement cost Additional tenant I I comparable or better of the lost assets for disruption periods. fixed assets. Removal social I I I I services like I business structure by the during demolishing Multiplyingthe average of salvage materials electric city, potable Kebele 1 urban & relocation monthly income of the and debris water and access I I administration at the same tenants by disruption incorporated with the roads. rental cost & location andtransition periods. costs of the & advantages municipalities . Kebeles. Residence I A new land comparable or I owner better advantage Structure Costs to rebuild a new Replacement cost Non Shifting costs for non Provisions of basic residence in similar or for the lost assets, & fixed assets. Removal social services like I I ( better structures within the improvements of salvage materials electric city, potable I I I1 I1 1I I1 1I new plot. made on land and and debris. water and access I I I ( extension of social I I I roads. I I I I I services to the I Shifting costs for non Provisions of basic tenant comparable or better for the lost asset fixed assets. Removal social services like houses for the tenants during demolishing of salvage materials electric city, potable I within the new plot that has and transfer. I 1 and debris included water 1 and access I Span Consultants in Association with 5 1 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of FeasibilityStudy and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparationof RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo- Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) I location advantages and I 1with costs of the roads. 1 I I I social services. I I Imunicipalities or I Kebeles. Vulnerable Structures, business-& Provisions as per the type Replacement cost Additional payments Shifting costs for non Special attentions Igroups I rental accommodation I of loss and title. I for the lost assets & for the lost income as fixed assets salvage from local officials, I I I I I I I title 1stated above if they materials and debris logistical 1 1 support, engaged in business based on their helping to restore activities holding rights. impacted properties and livelihoods. 10% additional payments. Squatters' Structures/Business Costs to rebuild their lost Replacement cost Payment for the Shifting costs for non I I 1 structures that has been for the lost asset disturbed & transition fixed 1 1 1 assets and I I I I served for residences or during demolishing period if they engaged salvage materials. I I I I business and transfer. in business. Street Structures/Business Costs to rebuild their lost Replacement cost Payments for the Shifting costs for non IVendors I 1 structure that has been for the lost asset disturbed & transition fixed 1 1 1 assets and I I servedfor business. during demolishing period if they engaged salvage materials. and transfer. in business. W Span Consultants in Association with 52 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Servicesfor Reviewof Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparationof RAP & Reviewof DetailedEngineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo- Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) Partially Affected 1 1 1 Category of Type of loss Entitlements PAPS Compensation for land & Compensation for Compensation for loss Movingallowance Other Assistances structures lossof assets of income Business Land Non owner Structures Costs to rebuild/restructure Replacement cost Additional payments Shifting cost for non business premises within of the lost assets & for disruption periods. fixed assets & the remaining plot in a extension of social Multiplyingthe average removal of salvage similar or better condition. services. monthly income of the materials Structures affected bellow owners by the 25%is partial impact. disruption and transition periods. Business Rental accommodation Provision / construction of Replacement cost Additional payments Shifting cost for non Provisions of social tenant comparable business of the lost assets for disruption periods. fixed assets. Removal services like electric structure by the urban / Multiplying the average of salvage materials city, potable water Kebele administration a t monthly income of the and debris will be and access road if the same rental cost & tenants by disruption incorporated with the they transferred to location advantages and transition periods. costs of the another location. municipalities or Kebeles. Residence Land Non 1 -- owner Structure Costs to rebuild/restructure I Replacement cost Non costs for non the residence in similar or for the lost assets & fixed assets. Removal better conditions within the extension of social of salvage materials remaining plot. Structures services. and debris. affected bellow 25% is partial impact. Residence Rentalaccommodation Replacement cost- Shifting costs for non Provision of social tenant for the lost asset in fixed assets. Removal services like electric times of shifting. of salvage materials city, potable water, the same rental cost within and debris shall be and access road if they transferred to Span Consultants in Association with 53 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Servicesfor Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment. Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenaio - Dembidolo Road Uoaradina Proiect Final RAP Manual (Revised) places that has location costs of the another location. advantages. municipalities or Kebeles. Vulnerable Structures, business & Provisions as per the type Replacement cost Additional payments Shifting costs for non Special attentions groups rental accommodation of loss and title. for the lost asset for the lost income as fixed assets, salvage from local officials, and title. stated above if they materials and debris logistical support, engaged in business based on their title. helping to restore activities properties and livelihoods. 10% additional payment. Squatters' Costs to rebuild their Replacement cost impacted structures that for the lost assets has been served for during demolishing residences/business & transfer. Street Costs to rebuild their lost Replacement cost Payments for the Shifting costs for non Vendors structure that served for for the lost asset disturbed & transition fixed assets and business. during demolishing period if they engaged salvage materials. and transfer. in business. Span Consultants in Association with 54 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparationof RAP 8 Review of DetailedEngineering Design and Tender Documentfor Mekenaio - DembidoloRoad Uoaradina Proiect Final RAP Manual (Revised) 6.1.1 Compensationfor loss of Houses Out of the total 1630 affected residential houses and other buildings, 1543 of them which accounted 94.67%in urban and rural areas alike are made up of wood and mud with CIS roofing. In addition to this there are 22 huts, 1.34%,with thatched roofing in rural areas and 46 houses made of concrete blocks and CIS roofing in urban areas which accounted 2.82%from the total, will also be affected. Appropriate compensation pertinent to the specific conditions of the residential houses and other buildings shall be paid to the owners. Table 6.2: Types of houses that will be affected by the road project I Section 1 TownlPA I Mud with 1 Thatched C.1.S Fences Arnara Gucho 2 o o 2 Alern Teferi Town I 144 o 4 0 0 148 1Tave Awetu I 4 I o 0 1 o I o 1 4 1 Arere chole 1 o o o o 1 Chamo 12 1 o o o o 12 Section3 Chanka T o w n 161 11 2 3 2 o 197 Mechara Town 138 1 1 1 o 141 ------ Debre Birhan 2 o o o o 2 Rob Gebeya 114 o o o o 7 T o w n Ano Michael 7 o o o o 9 Minko (Seyo) 9 - 1 o 2 o 12 Dernbidolo T o w n 140 o Total 571 15 Grandtotal 1543 22 Source: - Consultant field survey, 2006. Given the poor structural designs and standards of houses in the project area and the country as a whole, partial damages usually cause major problem on the entire housing Span Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of FeasibilityStudy and EnvironmentalImpactAssessment, preparationof RAP & Review of Detailed ~nbineerin~Design and Tender Documentfor Mekenajo- DembidoloRoad UpgradingProject FinalRAP Manual(Revised) unit. Thus, houses eligible for partial damage of 25%and above shall be compensated for full damage. Households that will lose the entire or majority of their land to the extent of being unable to rebuild their houses in the same compound shall be provided with land required for the construction of the new houses. this is mainly applicable to the residents living around the realigned sections inAyra, Harosebu(Alem Teferi) and Gebarobi towns. There are also houses and buildings, especially shops and businesses in all the other towns that have no backyards and have to be relocated. Besides the land replacement and compensation for the houses, this category of PAPS will be entitled to displacement compensation equivalent to the estimated annual cost of rentinga similar house in the town. Table 6.3:Partialand fully affected houses along the project IWerda I TownlPA / Partially ( Fully (Total 1 % Cirnbi Mekenajo 8 1 9 1 0.55% Lalo Asabi Cerji Liben 8 1 9 0.55% Were Babu 2 o 2 0.122% Nano lnango 2 o 2 0.122%. lnango Town 311 60 371 22.76% Horda Daleti 5 8 13 0.8% Jarso Darnot 11 14 25 1.53% Kelei Sibirber 9 o 9 0.55% Ayra Culiso Culiso Town 136 27 , 163 10% I Kuta Korrna 1 1 0 1 1 10.06% I Wayu Kole 11 2 13 0.8% Ayra Town 79 112 191 11.7% Dale Sedi Alern Teferi Town 142 6 148 19.07% Taye Awetu 4 o 4 0.24% Arere Chole o 1 1 0.06% Chamo 11 1 12 0.73% - - Codele Kombo 6 o 6 0.37% Cawo Dale Chanka Town 170 27 197 12.08% Hawa Wollel Mechara Town 123 18 141 8.65% Debre Birhan 2 o 2 0.122% Rob Cebeya Town 72 42 114 7% I ~ e y o Ano Michael 7 2 9 0.55% Mincho 11 1 12 0.73% Dembidolo Town 147 10 157 9.63% Total 1296 334 1630 99.94%% Source:-Consultant field survey, 2006 For Kebele owned rented residential houses and other buildings compensation shall be paid to respective Kebeles so that they could reconstruct the houses and rent to the households that were living in the demolished houses at the same rate to the previous house. The households are also entitled to displacement compensation mentioned above. The consultant strictly believes that either Kebele owned houses or privately owned ones should not be demolished prior to finalization of the new constructions. Hence, possible claim of costs for covering renting other houses until new ones are finalized will be out of question. As already discussed in 4.2.1 sub-section of this manual, there are 187 Kebele Span Consultants in Association with 54 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Servicesfor Review of FeasibilityStudy and EnvironmentalImpactAssessment, Preparation of RAP & Review of Detailed EngineeringDesignand Tender Documentfor Mekenaio - DembidoloRoad U~aradinaProiect Final RAP Manual (Revised) associations owned rented houses, 19 buildings collaterally owned by commercial bank of Ethiopia, 14 Institutions, 48 municipality owned structures, and 1362 privately owned housesto be affected partially and fully. Out of the total 1630impacted residentialhouses and other buildings, 334 of them are fully affected and 1296of them are partiallyaffected. Compensation principle for losses of structures for both dwellings and business are given above. Compensation for houses and other buildings are worked out on the bases of full compensation payments for the part of the house affected 25% and above and for the part only if less than 25%is affected multiplied by its floor area. For valuation of impacted properties materials used for constructions are taken into considerations and given bellow. Fulldescriptionsof compensation budget for structures are given in annex 4 Based on the information gathered from the urban administrations and consultant engineers,the following rates are appliedfor compensationcomputation inthis RAP Table 6.4: Compensation Ratesfor Affected Housesand Fences Affected House/ Fence Unit Birr/ Unit Hollow block building with CIS roof m1of built area 1.200 IWood and Mud building with CIS roof I m1of built area I 600 1 ICottage (residential) with thatch roof 1 No. I 2,500 1 l~-------t*l Cottage (service or store) with thatch roof Wooden fence m1of surface loo 1 Mesh wire fence with iron poles m 2of surface 400 Brick fence m2of surface 400 I C.I.Swall 1 m 2 0 fsurface I soo I Source: Wereda level professionals and Consultant engineers, 2006 6.1.2. Compensationfor Business Businesses are located along road sides in pursuit of the location advantage for commercial activities. In small towns they are often constructed as extensionsto already existing residences at very small distance from roads. Such is the case with most of the businessesto be affected by the Mekenajo- Dembidolo road project. Dislocations of businesses have far more significant negative impacts on the incomesand livelihoods of the owners than would be relocated residences. The impact will even get higher when the businesses are relocated away from the main road or the centers of the towns. Therefore, business owners shall be paid compensations for loss of earnings in addition to compensations for the structures1 houses and other transaction costs. Compensation for business shall be inclusive of additional payments for disruption periods. Four-to-sixmonths will be elapsed for the restoration of business installations. For this reason multiplying an average monthly income of business (Birr 1500) to disruption and transition periods for restoration of livelihoods might mitigate the problem, including payments for transportation costs for non-fixed assets. Moreover, relocation/restoration of business needs to be done close to the road corridors and in towns. (In a relatively congestedvillage sections) Table 6.5: Occupational stratificationsof project affected householdheads. Span Consultants in Assoc~ationwith 55 Beza Consulting Eng~neers i Consultancy Servicesfor Review of Feasibility Study and EnvironmentalImpact Assessment, Preparation of RAP & Review of DetailedEngineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo -Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) No Types occupation Gimbi- AyraGuliso - GawoDale - Total LaloAsabi DaleSedi Seyo Wereda Wereda Wereda Carpenter 8 o 1 9 - Farmer 127 30 211 368 3 Pensioned 5 1 1 7 19 Road work o 1 o 1 20 N.A 129 34 89 252 21 Total 766 176 577 1519 Source: -Consultant field survey, 2006 The trader category upholds those involved in retail trading activities of various item including food stuffs, shop keepers, local drink brewers tea and coffee shops owners, restaurants, rural drug vendors, bear house owners and other small scale commercial endeavors. Among these groups of household head PAP'S, the carpenters, tailors, traders, Iron smith's and mechanic workers (owners) demanded land-to-land compensation nearby their previous holdings. Their demand (if matched) is highly related to not to lose customers and being "not too far" from the main road. Out of the total 1519 house hold head PAPS,622 of them constituted the small scale entrepreneur category (40.94%). During the socio-economic survey, the study team noted that PAPS were either overstating or understating their incomes from their businesses. From informal discussions it was found out that those who overstated their incomeswere in anticipation of more compensation. They have got information from other areas correlating the level of incomewith the amount of compensation for the businesses. On the other hand those PAPSwho were highly understating their incomes probably afraid of high taxes. Still others declined to give a conclusive answer for their monthly income levels. Hence, the income data collected from household head PAPSwere highly flawed and unreliable to base compensation calculation for loss of business earnings and estimation of income/expenditure. For the purpose of this RAP, the team has estimated Birr 1500 as an average monthly income for businesses after making a sample survey on 371 traders at lnango town. The total compensationfor loss of business earnings is, then, calculated to be the estimated average monthly income multiplied by six monthsfor all businessesaffected (622~1~00~6)=~,~g8,ooo. Span Consultants in Association with 56 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparationof RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenaio - Dembidolo Road Uoaradina Proiect Final RAP Manual (Revised) Table 6.6: compensationfor affected businesses I Amount in Birr Average monthly income 1500 No. o f Months f o r compensation 6 No. o f Traders affected 6 2 2 Total compensation 5,598,000 Source: Consultant computation 6.2. Methodsof ValuingCompensationfor Loss of Farmlands Proclamation45512005, Article 8(1) states that a rural landholder whose holding has been expropriated permanently shall be paid for the loss equivalent to ten times the average annual income he secured during the five years precedingthe expropriation of the land. Hence, for valuing compensation for loss of farmlands or in determining the unit rate/ value per hectare of farmland, average yield and the unit price of the major crops grown in the area are taken in to consideration and the weighted average is calculated to gain the amount of money collected per hectareI annum. Detailsare given in sub-section6.2.1. OP4.2 states that the preferred option for loss of farmlands permanently is land based or land to land compensation with similar productive potential, location advantages and other factors at least equivalent to the possessed one. If this option is not matched or land to land compensation is not attainable, a non-landoptions have to be implemented that includes employment or self employment and other assistances in addition to cash compensationfor the landand other assets lost. The compensation principlesfor temporary and permanent loss of land and crops are given bellow. Span Consultants in Association w ~ t h 5 7 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of FeasibilityStudy and EnvironmentalImpact Assessment, Preparation of RAP & Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Documentfor Mekenajo- Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) Table 6.7: Entitlement Matrix for Rural Population* Temporarily / Permanently Affected Type of loss Entitlements Category of compensation for land & Compensation for / Compensation for loss 1 Moving allowance - IOther Assistances PAPS structures loss of assets of income Own farmer Land permanently Full replacement of land with Crops on land, for Average annual income Mobility allowance Modem farming +1 the same or better productive impfovements made of the farmer secured that includes techniques' potential & the title for the on land and land during the five years transpolfation cost for teaching by permanently affected land. preparation for the preceding the land non fixed assets. 1extension workers 1 1 I 1new harvest. 1expropriation for ten I 1and provisions of 1 years. No if a substitute imputes. land is given. Land Temporarily Restore land to its original Crops on land, for Average annual income Mobility allowance Reinstatement of condition. improvements made of the farmer secured that includes the land and on land and land during the five years transportation cost for modem farming preparation for the preceding the land non fixed assets if techniques. I I 1 (new harvest. I expropriation multiplied Iavailable. I I by the number of years of the imuact. Partially impacted houses Costs to rebuild /restructure Replacement cost for Non for residential Shifting costs for non r &other structures the residence in similar or the lost assets during houses. For Business fixed assets. Removal 1 I I better conditions in the I demolishing & additional payments for I 1of salvage materials I I remaining plot. Structures relocation. disruption periods. and debris. affected bellow 25% will be Multiplying the average considered as a partial monthly income of the impact. owners by the disruption and transition eriods b y- impacted houses & A new land with comparable i . other structures location advantage and title I Comuensation to rebuild a I Replacement cost for I Loss of income if there ( Shifting costs for non 1Provisions of social 1 similar or better structure / I th; lost assets & is a business installation. fixed &sets. Removal services like houses in the new plot. extension of social Non for residential of salvage materials electric city, services if available houses. and debris potable water and access roads. Span Consultants in Association with 5 8 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Servicesfor Review of Feasibility Study and EnvironmentalImpact Assessment, Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo- DembidoloRoad Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) Cropslfruit & non fruit A new land with comparable For annual crops it Valuation of fruit and Non bearing trees productive advantage. shall be based on the non fruit bearing trees modem imputes current market price shall be based on the and high yield fruit I I I I of the estimatedI current and net present I Ibearing trees. 1 1 I 1 1 production that could ( value of the future I I 1 have been harvested benefits that could have from the damaged been generated until crop. similar new trees comes to maturity. Lease holder Rental accommodation Full replacement of land Crops on land, for Refund the amount of Shifting costs for non farmer equal or better productive improvements made money paid for the fixed assets, removal potential or Refund the on land and land remaining lease years. of salvage materials amount of money that covers preparation for the This amount takes into remaining years. new harvest consideration interest rates and inflation. Improvements made on land. Structures, business & Compensation amounts Replacement cost for Additional payments for Shifting costs for non Special attentions I ~ r o u p s I rental accommodation Icalculated as per above ( the lost asset I the lost income as stated I fixed assets salvage Ifrom local officials,I 1 - - I Imentioned variables and the 1 1above will be done if 1materials and debris 1logistical support, I I I Ititle 1 I they engaged in business I based on their holding 1helping to restore I activities rights. impacted properties and livelihoods. 10% additional Ipayments. I I I I / I I I I Encroacher's ILand Costs to rebuild their lost Replacement cost for None Shifting costs for non I I 1 I I I fixed assets I Iasset and improvements lost assetlcrops. made on land. *Note:The compensation for affected rural residences is similar to the one stated to the urban population. As to the 1995 constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia,there will not be a tenant farmer.This is strictly stipulated in article40(3) of the constitution. In that "Iand shall not be subject to sale or other means of transfer" Span Consultantsin Association with 59 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental ImpactAssessment, Preparationof RAP 8 Review of Detailed EngineeringDesign and Tender Documentfor Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project FinalRAP Manual (Revised) 6.2.1. Compensationfor PermanentLossof Farmlands Compensation for permanent loss of farmland depends o n the average income from the same land for the five preceding years of expropriation. Although the project is upgrading one, there is more permanent loss of farmlands than temporary losses under the project operations due t o the fact that all through the route inhabitants are residing in a relative congested manner in pockets of settlement areas. Beyond these settlement areas, the land is covered by bushes and savanna grasslands. Steps followed t o calculate the average income is presented below. Steps i - Primarily, the average yield (for six commonly grown crops) per hectare is calculated for each of the preceding five years. For simplicity, yield per hectare for each Wereda has been worked out by dividing the total tonnage of seasonal crops produced in each year by the total area covered with the same crops in each year. Based o n these Wereda level yields, the average yield per hectare for the entire projected affected area has been computed as the simple average of Wereda-wise yields (Table 6.8). Table 6.8: Crop YieldIHa for Five Years y District 1998199 1999100 ZOOO/OI ZOO~/OZ 2002103 Yubdo 16.4 14.4 5.1 11.1 7.1 Seyo 16.8 9.8 17-7 29.5 13.9 Hawa Welel 13.2 20.3 21.9 11.5 9.2 Cimbi 9.2 8.9 10.5 9.4 3.0 Total 55.7 53.5 55-2 61.4 33.2 Average 13.9 13-4 13.8 15.3 8.3 Source: West Wellega Zone Finance and Economic Development Department Note: Yield is calculated from total production (mix of six crops) divided by total area covered with the same crops. Step 2 - Determine the total area of land t o be dispossessed permanently. This is estimated t o be 276 ha. Step 3 - Once the average yield for each of the preceding five years and the estimated total land area t o be dispossessed permanently were determined, then the total production o n the dispossessed land was calculated as a product of the two. Step 4 - In order t o get the final value of the production from the dispossessed land, a weighted average price per quintal of the six crops has been calculated (Table 6.9). To this end, percentage share of each crop in total crop land cover of the districts affected was calculated. As a next step, share of land cover from one hectare of land was computed. By multiplying the crop land cover (column 2) by recent year yield of each crop (column 3)) the yield in quintal of each crop from its share in one hectare (column 4) is worked out. The price o f each crop in column 5 is a one year average price in Nekemet last year. Multiplying the price with the yield gives the gross sales from each crop produced o n 1 hectare of land, which is 866.8 Birr (Table 6.9). Dividing this with the total yield of the crops from the one hectare, (i.e. 9.59 qt), gives the weighted average price per quintal of the mixed crops (Birr go). Span Consultants in Association with 60 Beza Consulting Engineers ConsultancyServices for Review of Feasibility Studv and Environmentallm~actAssessment.' preparationof RAP 8 Review of Detailed ~ngineerin~Design and Tender document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) ~ Table 6.9: Weighted Average Market Priceof a Quintal of Crops 1 Proportion of 1 Yield Yield IMarket Price I Gross Sales I Crop C;;r per (Qtlha) QtlCrop Birr/Qt (Birr) Crop Type area I I 2 3 4=2*3 5 6=4*5 Maize 0.53 9.9 5.25 70 367.5 Sorghum 0.23 10.47 2.41 90 216.9 Teff 0.09 5.07 0.q6 240 110.4 Barley 0.04 7.99 1 0.32 140 44.8 Wheat 0.03 14.22 0.43 160 68.8 Millet 0.09 8.16 0.73 1 8o 58.4 Total 1 1.00 I 1 9.59 1 780 866.8 Weighted average market price per qt of mixed crops =866.8/9.59 = Birr go Step 5 - By using the weighted average price, total value of production on the dispossessed land during the last five years has been worked out. Finally, the 5 years average incomefrom the 276 ha of land to be dispossessedhas been computed. Table 6.10: Total Value of Production on Dis~ossessedLand Years Yield (mix of Area of Total production/ Price of Total Value of crops) in QtlHa dispossessed dispossessedland in product/Qt Production on land in Ha Qt dispossessed land 1 I 2 3 4=2*3 5 6=4*5 Year,., 8.3 2,291 90 206,190 Year,., 15.3 4,223 I 90 380,070 Year,., 13.8 276 3,809 90 342,810 Year,~, 13.4 3,698 90 332,820 Year,., 13.9 3,836 90 345J40 I Total 17,857 1,607,130 I 5 year average 321,4261 Note: I. Year, is the year the expropriation of the land will take place and year ,.,isthe immediateprecedingyear and so on. 2. Production per hectare considers all crops that can be planted in the area on the proportionof the landcoveredwith each crop at the Wereda level. Once the average income for the precedingfive years is calculated the compensation rate for permanent loss of farmland will be ten times the average amount, i.e. 10x321, 426 = Birr 3,214,260. 6.2.2. Compensationfor Temporary Lossof Farmlands Compensationfor temporary loss of farmland follows a similar (with the permanent loss) calculation of the preceding five years average income from the expropriated land but it will be multiplied by the number of years the land shall stay expropriated. For the temporary loss of farmland, the holders will be paid an amount equal to the five years average income multiplied by five years. This will cover three crop years during Span Consultants ~nAssoc~ationw ~ t h 61 Beza Consult~ngEngineers Consultancy Services for Reviewof FeasibilityStudy and Environmental ImpactAssessment. Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Designand Tender Documentfor Mekenajo- Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) construction and two years of soil recovery period after the land is returned to the holder. Based on this calculation, the compensation for temporary loss of farmland in the Mekenajo- Dembidoloroad upgradingproject is given below. The average income from preceding five years for 276 ha of permanent loss of farmland was 321,426 Birr (as calculated in section 6.2.1 above). the average income from a single hectarewould be 321,426 Birr divided by 276 ha which is equal to Birr 1,165 /ha. The total temporary loss of farmland for quarry sites and detour roads is 48.6 ha. So the total compensationvalue is (5 yrs x 48.6 ha x 1,165 Birr) = Birr 283,095. 6.3. Compensationfor Trees and Perennial Crops Within the ROW of the existing road and on the realignedsections a number of trees and perennial crops will be affected. The compensationfor the same has been calculated by summingthe stream of discounted incomes each plant can give over years until a similar new tree comes to maturity. An estimated total of i4ha of land with perennial crops will be affected by the project. Out of the total 65%is covered by Eucalyptus, 15%with Mango, 10%with Coffee, 7%with Banana and 3%with Avocado. The total number of trees to be affected is given inTable 6.11. Table 6.11: Trees and perennialcropsto be affected Trees Area Covered in Trees in i Ha of Total number of I Ha land trees Eucalyptus 22,750 Coffee 2000 2,800 Banana 1.0 4000 4,000 Avocado 111 Total 30,245 Source: - Consultant field survey, 2006. Eucalypt:usTree Eucalyptustrees mature in five years time. Therefore, the compensation for this tree will be the net present value of harvests from the tree within the five year period. Once eucalyptus tree is cut it is only after five years that it will again give another harvest from the same original root. So, accordingto the compensation principles, this means that the value of compensationfor the tree is just the market value of the single harvest.A total of 22,750 eucalyptus trees of different sizes will be affected by the road construction. For the calculation of the compensationthe price of an average eucalyptus tree is estimated to be Birriz. 'therefore, the total compensationto be paid for eucalyptus trees is 22,750 x 12 = Birr 273,000. Span Consultants in Association with 62 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental ImpactAssessmenl. Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenaio - Dembidolo Road Uoaradina Proiect Final RAP Manual (Revisedl Other Trees (Mango, Coffee, Banana and Avocado) Depending on the number of years each specific tree takes from planting to maturity and the average annual value of outputs from each tree the net present values of the trees is calculated (Table 6.12). An inflation rate of 11%(for stream of incomes) and current bank interest rate of 7%(for discount rate) are considered for the calculation. WPV= ~F'*i/(i+r)'+cF2*l/(l+r)' + ...+ ~F"*l/(l+r)",where NPV is net present value of future sales of outputs from each tree CF - cash flow from sale of outputs r - Current bank interest rate n -The last year of cash inflow for the specific tree Table 6.12: Net Present Values of Trees t o be affected Discount Mango Coffee Banana Avocado Factor (at Stream of Net Stream Net Present Stream Net Stream of Net Year 7%) income in Present of Value in of Present income in Present = r/(r+o.o7)n Birr Value income Birr income Value in Birr Value in in Birr in Birr in Birr Birr Birr 1 0.935 70 65.5 20.0 18.7 40 1 37.4 120.0 112.2 2 0.873 78 67.8 22.2 19.4 o 133.2 . 116.3 3 0.816 86 70.4 24.6 20.1 o 147.9 120.6 4 0.763 96 73 27.4 20.9 o 164.1 125.2 5 0.713 106 75.8 I o 182.2 129.9 6 0.666 118 78.6 O 202.2 134.7 Total 431 79 37.4 738.9 Based on the net present values of each of the trees above, the total values of compensation are provided in Table 6.13. Table 6.13: Value o f Compensation for Trees Net Present Value Total Number of trees Total Value of T v ~ oef Tree inBirr affected Corn~ensationin Birr IMango I 431 1 584 1 251,704 I ( Coffee 1 1 I I 79 ) 2,800 221,200 I Banana I 1 37 1 4,000 I 148,000 Avocado 739 111 82,029 Total Value of Compensation in Birr 702,933 6.4. Compensation for Affected Services Based on Proclamation No.45512005 article (6) sub-article(z), the body which has received a request to remove utilities shall determine a fair compensation required to replace the lines to be removed and send details of its valuation to the requesting body within 30 days. Compensation payments for affected electric and telephone lines shall include Span Consultants in Association with 63 Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Reviewof Feasibility Study and EnvironmentalImpactAssessment, Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - DembidoloRoad Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual (Revised) restoration of poles for the services. Accordingly, there are 96 electric and 45 telephone transmission poles will be impacted along the project road. Each pole costs 75 Birr and the total cost will be 141x 75=10,575 Birr. Compensation amount for damaged lines and water pipes are given bellow. Table 6.14: the compensationestimatesfor Affected Services Type 1 Station I Quantity in 1 Rate / Total in Birr / I I i Meters (Birrlmeter) / Tele line i 40+620+41+240 i 620 10 6.200 I Tele line 1 ?+200-4+600 C3Avra Town 1.400 ! 10 1 14.000 I Electric line i 7+600-9+200 I 4 I--------b-------.....--.----- 600 1 3Ci! --------------------L---------------..-..-...-------------------------------- Electric line 1 2+ooo-2+800 @Alern Teferi 800 i + L x.-; I .-......-----------------k Electric line /i16+1oo-ii8+ooo @..........--------.--~----~~ 1,900 I ............................. Chanka +i i!~..! Water pipes 1-O = LamL U 0 LL L L L L L L L L + K + + + + L L L L L L u L L L L LL LL LLV) LL+a2o2 8 zSjLL+ 3 .c -.- % w E .N co c n m w m ~ wco $ ! w m m z w r . w m m m c n w w w m m - w c o m w w w - m w m rn LL L w 0) u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u g ~ g ~ g C m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m ~ m m m m w (3 w 2 r. m m m - m m m c n m m w - m m m o o c u c n m o m m o m o m m o m o o o m c o m m o w m m r.mmmmcumcucu w m m m m v m m c u w m w c u c u m . - w m l o$ =0 2 z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 z ~ ~ z z z ~ ~ ~ z z z z z ~ z p O O O O O ~ O ~ O O O ~ O ~ ~ ~ I I I u SPAN Consultantsin association with Beza Consulting Engineers 1 Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual SPAN Consultants in association with Beza consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparationof ResettlementAction Plan FinalRAP Manual SPAN Consultants in associationwith Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparationof ResettlementAction Plan SPAN Consultants in associationwith Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers P P P P P 4 P P w W w w W W W W w w W w W W w W W W W w w W W W W W W w W 0 0 0 0 0 O O O w w w w ( O ( D ( D w ( D w m m m 0 3 m w a v l ~ w w- o ( ~ m w a u l ~ ~ m - o ( ~ ~ wm c mr , u l ~ w ~ - o w m w a uP l ~ ~ m m m w w w w w w w w ~ % 2 o Preparationof ResettlementAction Plan Final RAP Manual SPAN Consultants in associationwith Beza Consulting Engineers { Preparalionof ResettlementAclion Plan Final RAP Manual SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers I Preparationof ResettlementAction Plan FinalRAP Manual SPAN Consultants in associationwith Beza Consulting Engineers Preparationof ResettlementAction Plan Final RAP Manual SPAN Consultantsin associationwith Beza Consulting Engineers , Preparation of ResettlementAction Plan Final RAP Manual SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparationof Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual SPAN Consultants in associationwith Beza Consulting Engineers Preparationof ResettlementAction Plan FinalRAP Manual SPAN Consultantsin associationwith Beza ConsultingEngineers 12-E siaau!6u36u!llnsuo3ezag 4 1 ! ~uo!geposseu! s~ue~~nsuo3~ S N Y Preparation of ResettlementAction Plan Final RAP Manual SPAN Consultants in associationwith Beza ConsultingEngineers Preparation of Resettlement Actior; Plan Final RAP Manual Ahmed Tolosa SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual 987 ( >> IDawitDegefe 1 02 1 No ( 14 1 Male I 1 I Student ( 6 ( Oromo I Oromiffa I Protestant 988 1 >> 1 ~ e ~ aBejisa s a 1 0 2 1 No 1 45 1 Male ( 9 1 Farmer I 9 [ Oromo I Oromiffa ( Protestant SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual 1027 >> keno Ketebu 02 No 55 Male 10 Farmer 2 Oromo Oromiffa Protestant 1028 >> Mamo Tadese 0 2 No 42 Male 6 Nurse 10 Oromo Oromiffa Protestant 1029 >> Mulatukejela 02 No 45 Male 8 CivilServant 6 Oromo Oromiffa Protestant 1030 >> C.6.E 0 2 No SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Monthly House Family Ethnic No. TownlPA Name of Household Head Kebele Age Gender Occupation Education Income Language Religion No. size Group (Birr) 1031 >> MunicipalityShops 02 No 1032 >> Grange Denfe 02 No 47 Male 8 Civil Servant 12+1 Oromo Oromiffa Protestant 1033 >> Asede WlGiorgis 02 No 50 Female 12 Trader 3 Tigre Tigringna Orthodox SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of ResettlementAction Plan Final RAP Manual --->> 1235 Tsegaye Olika Village No 30 Male 7 Mechanic Amara Amharic Muslim 1236 >> Lelise Debela Village No 5 Male 2 Amara Amharic Protestant 1237 >> Tiruye Mekonen Village No 35 FHH 2 Trader Arnara Amharic Protestant 1238 >> Ali Ahmed Village No 30 Male 3 Trader Oromo Oromiffa Muslim 1239 >> Asfaw Kebede Village No 30 Male 5 Oromo Oromiffa Orthodox SPAN Consultants in association with Beza ConsultingEngineers Preparation of ResettlementAction Plan Final RAP Manual SPAN Consultantsin associationwith Beza ConsultingEngineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan ~ i n aRAP Manual l SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparationof ResettlementAction Plan Final RAP Manual 1361 >> Abose Tadesse PA No 30 Male 6 Farmer Oromo Oromiffa Protestant 1362 >> BantiTerfa PA No 40 Male 6 Farmer Oromo Oromiffa Protestant 1363 >> Teferi Tasisa PA No 30 Male 5 Farmer 12 Oromo Oromiffa Protestant 1364 >> FekaduFanta PA No 25 Male 5 Farmer 7 Amara Amharic Protestant SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparationof ResettlementAction Plan Final RAP Manual 1482 >> Taresa Dagago 06 605 60 Male 5 Oromo Oromiffa Orothodox 1483 >> Asfaw Merega 06 No 55 Male 8 Oromo Oromiffa Orothodox 1484 >> Ayana Gobu 06 603 80 Male 4 Amara Amharic Muslim 1485 >> EyrusalemTilahun 06 602 23 Male 12 Amara Amharic Orothodox 1486 >Z Ato Keno Gebisa 06 601 80 Male 5 Oromo Oromiffa Orothodox SPAN Consultantsin associationwith Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual SPAN Consultants in association with Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of FeasibilityStudy and EnvironmentalImpact Assessment, Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed EngineeringDesign and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Draft Final RAP Report Annex 4 Compensation Budget for Residential Houses, Businessand Other Structures Considering2om of ROW in Urban and 3om ROW in Rural Areas. ,$I Span Consultant in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers !%I Preparation of ResettlementAction Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban r I I I I I I HouseholdHead SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I I Household Head Gross House SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparationof ResettlementAction Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I h House Area Purpose of Household Head Kebele Type of House Unit Cost Compensa the House Gross House %of the House tion for Areain m2 Area be Area Taken Taken in 17-12if 20m entire the ROW in urban and House. SPAN Consultantsin Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparationof ResettlementAction Plan Final RAP Manual - Annex 4 Compensation Budgetfor houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW i n rural and 20m of ROW i n urban House Area t - l Town Purpose of No. Household Head Kebele Type of House Unit Cost Compensa /PA the House Gross House %of the House tion for Areain m2 Area be Area Taken Taken in m2 if 20m entire the ROW in urbanand House. SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual 1 , , 1 1 , Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I I -- I I I I I I I House Area SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparationof ResettlementAction Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I I I I I I House Area I I Town Pur~Oseof No. Household Head Kebele Type of House Unit Cost Compensa /PA the House Gross House %of the House tion for Areain rn2 ~~k~~:..Area be Area Taken -9 :C 9"- entire the 1 1 / 111 ,a,& 11 L",,, ROW in urban and) House. SPAN Consultantsin Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparationof ResettlementAct~onPlan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW i n urban v Household Head SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I I I I I I HouseholdHead SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparationof Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I I 7 1 House Area Town Purpose of No. Household Head Kebele Type of House /PA Unit Cost Compensa the House Gross House %of the House tion for Areain m2 House Area to be Area ~~k~~ Taken in m2 if 20m entire the ROW in urban and House. SPAN Consultants in Associationwith Beza ConsultingEngineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual HouseholdHead SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20rn of ROW in urban w m HouseholdHead Gross House %of the House , ~. - . ---- ..- . . . . - . ~ ~. ~ -~ - ~- ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ . I I . ! .,i..l:.; I ,,, i J.'L , - : :I , ;?I ).. '.- ' . I 1 " " ' 1~- &; ,9;11 . . - - . ~----. - ~. ~~. -. . . ~ - ~ - :r I . .~, , ~ ~ ~~ ~ , . .< ~ ~ - Z . - I - < . L S L ; ';,!,,. . : c -,!I:,L~.;> i: . . ,, , . .,.. I , , , - - . . . ~ ~- . . . -- -.- - . ----- --.- .. .. ~~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~~~ ~ ~ SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I I I h House Area %of the House Unit Cost Cornpensa Type Of House Gross House tionfor Areain m2 Area be Area Taken Taken in m2 if 20rn entire the ROW in urban and House. SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban 7- Household Head SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban 1 SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I I I Household Head SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Final RAP Manual Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Household Head %of the House ~. . . . .'I ! 1; ' .. I I , I 0 . ' ! , ' I , ) I ~ - . ~ .- . - 1 , *: - 8 , I - ' . -- - - , 1 ~p ,.:; ,,,,iL. S8c3>dL-IK~,~~.: (.., I : ~ I I , ~ l.~~:.!ILIL V ~ I L I I .,JI.-~ ~-.0 0 - L4,01>a~~! ~ ~ SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban w SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I I I Household Head Gross House %of the House 731 1 IChemr Gebera 1 03 ( >> l ~ u w~thCIS d 321 321 1001 500 1 19,200 600 1 18000 732 1 l ~ e Emiru ~ a __ ~ ~ 1 1 R ~ s ~ d e n c e( ~ u with CIS 1 - 301_- 301 -_-_1001 -- -- - 03 d SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers - Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I I I I I I SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban House Area Town Purposeof No. Household Head Kebele Type of House Unit Cost Compensa /PA the House Gross House %of the House tion for Areain m2 Area be Area Taken Taken in m2 if 20m entire the ROW in urban and House. 801 Kassa Bengna >> >> Mud with CIS 38 16 42.1 600 22.800 802 Bultiy Ahmed >> >> Mud with CIS 40 26 65.0 600 24.000 803 Kebena H~ssa >> >> Mud with CIS 50 25 500 000 30.000 804 Jaleta Kebed >> Residence Mud with CIS 30 14 4 6 7 (1.00 18,000 805 Wirtu Kitila 06 Shop Mud with CIS 45 45 100.0 Ooll 27,000 806 Beltiy Wendernu 06 Shop Mud with CIS 42 42 1000 600 25,200 Girma Tameru 1 06 1 Shop ( ~ uwith CIS d 401 24 ( 60.0) 600 1 24.000 Abedisa Waqjira 1 1 I MudwithCIS I 401 ) - .~. 01... 0('--1-- - - , O 6 -~Shop . ._ _. 2 0 ! -_ .-?. .. 24000 SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparationof Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Household Head SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Household Head %of the House SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparationof ResettlementAction Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban House Area Town of NO. Household Head Kebele Unit Cost Compensa /PA the House TypeOf House Gross House %ofthe House tion for Areain m2 Area be Area Taken Taken in m2 if 20m entire the ROW in urban and House. 30M In Rural 880 Mustefa Mohammed 01 Shop Mud with 69 15 21.7 600 4 1.400 881 Kutene Eressa >> Residence Mud with 52.9 13.8 26.1 600 31,740 882 Aselfech Mamo Residence Mud with 100.04 16.4 16.4 600 60,024 883 01 Coffee Room Mud with 104.92 17.2 16.4 600 62.952 884 Tirunesh Waqjira Shop Mud with 12.6 3.6 28.6 600 7,560 SPAN Consultants in Associationwith Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Household Head , . .. . SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparationof ResettlementAction Plan Final RAP Manual Household Head SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers I Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban v Household Head %of the House 977 Rahrnet D~nka V~llage Shop Mud w~th 20 12 60 0 600 12 000 978 S~ra]Y~mam V~llage Res~dence Mud w~th 40 10 25 0 600 24,000 ao o hno 18 000 9 7 9 _ - -- Ahrned Ylrnarn Mud wlth -- - 24 -- Vlllaqe- -- Residence _ -30 SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I f I I House Area - Town No. Household Head ~~~~l~ /PA Type of House the House Unit Cost Cornpensa Gross House %of the House tion for Areain m2 Area be Area Taken Taken in m2 if 20m entire the ROW in urban and House. 30M in Rural 997 Admasu Nemera Tea Room Mud with 12.87 7.26 56.4 600 7,722 998 CafklShop Mud with 21J 15.6 74.3 600 12,600 Total Section II 6,551,490 SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers OE-P 000'81 009 L'91 s OE 4 1 ! ~PnW a~~uap!sat( 20 esolol palllqv 0001 ZBS'SP 009 L'EL P6'6 L6'SL 41!M PnW a~OlSldO4S uMo1eXue43 666 E uo!pas E u o ~ p a s lelnu u! woc asn no^( pue ueqln u! M O ~ aq1alyua ~ O )IZzu U! u a ~ e l UaYel eaJV ZU u!eaJV 10) U0!1 aq 01ealy asnoH asnOH all140% as no^ ssol~) as no^ aq1 esuaduro~)so3 Vdl yun as no^ 40 adAl )O a ~ ~ d l f l d a'aqan PeaH Plo4asnoH 'ON U M O l I I I I I I I I I ueqJn u! MOU 40 WOEpue IeJnJu! MOU 40 UOE sassau!sna Pue sasnoq 104 la6png uo!lesuadwo3 p xauuv Preparationof Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for housesand Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban r 1 I , I Household Head %of the House SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budgetfor houses and Businesses30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban Household Head %of the House SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparationof ResettlementAction Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I I I I I I I 1 I House Area I I SPAN Consultantsin Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparationof Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m o f ROW i n rural and 20m of ROW in urban r House Area Town No. ~~~~l~Pur~Ose of Household Head Type of House /PA the House Gross House %of the House tion for Areain m2 Area be Area Taken Taken in m2 if 20m entire the I ROW in urban and House. SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of R O W in rural and ZOm of R O W in urban I I I 7 House Area SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparationof ResettlementAction Plan Final RAP Manual Household Head Gross House %of the House SPAN Consultants in Associationwith Beza ConsultingEngineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban In SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban n I I I I I Household Head Gross House %of the House -- SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I I Household Head Gross House %of the House SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparationof Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Household Head SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual Household Head 1539 (100 05 space 38.76 30 6 78.9 23,256 1540 Kebele House Closed 05 Mud with 43.68 10.4 23.8 (100 26.208 1541 Tanliru Setegne 05 Res. Mud with 43.68 10 4 23.8 000 26.208 1542 Gobene Daro 05 Res. Mud with 34.2 9.9 28.9 (Iclll 20,520 1543 Abdulkadir Hassen , 05 Res. Mud with 32 25 oAG 29.3 0n0 19,350 ni: r, ! ' 1 : , ( , ;.I. I ,) 1 -. !., p ( , I ppn ,,-I! I,, -8 SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparationof ResettlementAction Plan Final RAP Manual Annex 4 Compensation Budget for houses and Businesses 30m of ROW in rural and 20m of ROW in urban I C, House Area SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Preparationof Resettlement Action Plan Final RAP Manual HouseholdHead %of the House ROW in urban and SPAN Consultants in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental ImpactAssessment, Preparation of RAP & Review of Detailed EngineeringDesign and Tender Document for Mekenaio - Dembidolo Road U~aradinaProiect Draft Final RAP Report Annex 5: Minutes of Meetings with Local Authorities The meetings were held between 03/04/06 t o 06/04/06 in the Woreda's and localities mentioned below - Seyo Woreda - Gawo Dale Woreda - Howawllel Woreda - Dale Sedi Woreda - Ayra Guliso Woreda - Lalu Asabi Woreda - Gimbi Woreda Minutes of meetings were held in Amharic. These are enclosed here. , Span Consultant in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers 51 Minutes of meetings Summary notes on minutes of meetings with village level kebele, municipalities (Ketema), and Wereda administrationsthat the road upgrading project traversed. Final meetings to reach some kind of consensus and agreements were held between April 03, 2006 to April 06, 2006 in the Weredas and localities mentioned bellow after all the necessary inventoriesand assessments were done. - Seyo Wereda - CawoDaleWereda - HawaWelelWereda - DaleSediWereda - AyraCuliso Wereda - LaloAsabiWereda - CimbiWereda Minutes of meetingswere held in Amharic and the script and language used was Amharic for the convenience of attendants. This is attached with this Annex and summarized as follows. Major issues that have been raised in the processes of minutes of meetings and agreements are reachedonthe following variables. I. List of PAPSdue to the upgrading project had been identified in the presence of local authorities, public representatives and professionals from respective Wereda government institutions. 2. Local authorities and PAPS had been informed about the cut-off- date. Local authorities agreed to take precautionary measures to halt new constructions close to the ROW. 3. Local authorities had been requestedabout the availability of landsfor those who will be displaced and resettled. They all agreed to provide land for constructions of new residences, shopping, and market places and provisions of plots of lands for fully demolished government,community and non-governmentalinstitutions. 4. Local authorities had been informed about their responsibilitiesand commitments for the construction of new residential and service giving rooms for displaced PAPSwhom were tenants of Kebele associations. They all agreed to construct similar or if possible better residential houses in accepting compensation payments from ERA.They also agreed to re-rentthe newly constructed residential housesfor PAPSat the same rental price as they paid before. 5. Local authorities had been informed about monitoring of proper usages of compensation payments targeted for restorations of livelihoods. They all agreed to monitor either compensation payments are used for the purpose they are intended or not. 6. Local authorities had been informed about the importance of giving special attention to the disabled, the elderly, sick household heads, child headed households and female headed households. Accordingly they all agreed to provide the necessary support for these PAPSto rebuild their houses in buyingthe necessary items, contracting labourers, transporting their household utilities and restore their livelihoods. Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP i3 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenaio - Dembidolo Road U~aradinaProiect Draft Final RAP Reoort Annex 6 Structured Questioners $1 Spa11Consultant in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers 1%; LT+ L\n\lel ii/ Structured Questionnaires A/ lip\ni I M ~ L(Household Level) E S ~ 1. LaEa "N (Full Name) 3. Iq (Sex) 4. RW (Occupation) 5. flip\n n)r (Family Size) 6. frNCYr aTk (Educational Status) 7. f'Y (f-Lr) pIe (Monthly or Yearly Income 8. KMU r (Religion) 9. nHiT\n (Ethnicity) 10. f TU LUU kik*(Mother tongue) 11. ETnu Aa)Bq (Marital Status) 12. fttmle'a AN (TownJPA) 13. ILjp- "W'5 NCEilr Ee,tteor EIklevEa jnTsv (Impact of the road upgrading project on personal properties). a) lir (House) lAg EpPW (mud with CIS) , lnEaSir f p P W ( ~ a o w Concrete Block) , IjYjZ f pPW (Corrugated l r o n a , lAi3/4rf pPW (Wooden Alone) , IpOTl -apPWf (Masonry) , S0r EOr I-in'' E p m (Front side masonry) , ]Y lir (Thatched r n e d ) , "xr (Area) b/ L7S.i (Store) fpPWlr e]eA(h4atBls used for consation), 1 3 -3 4 - 5 - u 6 CI f i . - -Y3r-")r (Commercial venture) dl pkMr (Institution) rllir (School) , IipCEupilj (Church) , LApe-(M(ue) , DAqlir (Post a c e ) , miCE (Bank) , " G a l i r (Tele) , LnWm'G (Electric Power) , o e r s el f"Ya a(Agricultural Land Temporarily & Permanently) "xr (Area) ,)elli~'a Etce-Yr -")r- L O i (Types of crops grown)- f/ kMe pCEG I+}r- L O j(Perennial crops): 14. lip\n= ' i A % Mfr fp]-t'i& LAMr fpl-t'i '"N pL]]" v.Y IEmt'i .E\ov cEi (VLIInerable groups) 15. ELjp- "W'i IE-r f.G tAplfr(Attitudes towards the project) 16. t A i j IE'i Ljp- tLti mELD}i \eaYAn*£}IT LpaFFr '"N v.Y lepGlGj (Problelns faced due to bad condition of the existing road) 17. p11 EL'inr '"N Soq oq ELjd]dA fMeOdLilr fL1IY r lepGiGj (Transportation used) 18. Itcmle. f Meid]d\i fOpY ~ ~ S Y ( V--"}r& p0Fpe)r- -1iYor IepGiGj (Extent = V of availability) 19. ILjp- "W'i NCEjir EMeiOirjnTr I N j L G S ~I~SOG*"LY))Ei (Preference of [nodeand types of compensation) 20. Aj r leS0G. If 1'5 "FEi (Amount of compensation ) 21. IkMe}r fMelOirfnYa MI cE EM~SOG-(1 Ipj3n ppNll Ie\%e "aFG '"A p p ~ e LXr Ielv,ae (Options for losses that is targeted on land to land colnpensations and monetary ones) 22. Itcrnle* Aj r '"N N j -"}r fOi-pkMr t E i (Health Institutions) 23. Ittmle- j r "'N N j -"}r rllisv tEa (Availability of schools) 24. fLnWr tpG.EPrr ipfE i(Electricity) 25. f"GCE- DAqtpG.Eerr ipfE i (Tele& Posta!service) 26. ^YA.'"N flip\n tmG- ^)SeCj pkMr EM.,r j r \-r " "03mt"G& I N j -")r L"YA PdMFvAi (Distance traveled to reach important institutions and types of transportation used) 27. PIX S D ) ~ILTpyrj NYr f r "'O5qG (Marketing for agricultural products) - 28. E L ~ ~ Y (NYrmj EL'%) j r I'))E5(Transportationexpenses) " 29. MttIVIDT tTN- NY% 5Y fL]\Eirj .n-r IpeSi'i- IpL)))),,"7Ipf E i j -cFp,~NCEjlpyjlep~jGj (availability of fertilizer, pesticideor herbicideand improved seeds) 30. EL0%'.'N EEiF .GfiEar fMeI1iEirj' i B Sfr Ipf E i - liYn Ydr EL0% EMeDj ' i B tFp,ai?" C i i l ~ > r EMYtr j r \-r * j " "')Ei (Availability of potable water) 31. N.n EMn\GN D) l i r * ~EMOi f MeOdLilrf)(t3-")r lepGjGi S fr I v ~ W G (Energy used for cookingor other purposes) 32. t A i i S M ~ P U ~ Ip%MV E'I'F pIe fMeIAp,, p%MV "W "PWEij "W S\U' NjNi-")rAW"PWE5 ~ r , p f E i (availability of off-farm A . A l activities) 33. tm'W S D ) ~mElir* lir 'iA%ND) Slir 'i~"W*vj "PWEi (Burdon on N j N j woii.len) 34. fLjp(ce"W ImElir*F"N j N j-")r f"W A-j lgGFG nE'i"pNqEi (Positive ilnpact of the road on gender relatedvariables) (B) tcmlei lp~ESp(Group Level) I . f'Ttt'5 f ~ p ~'"N'fdlEi pIX'5 MClY "N (TownIPA) i 2. f Lip- "W'i OdMdq tE'5 nE'i cL)i "dlbldq'ii IepGjGj (Group altitude towards the road project 3. fLjptte "W IMeS-'jlr- S~S-')N I(F pictr E e l A S r ~EMevGmt'ij .I1 v IeSTceUGi( Possible impacts of the project) 4. p5ttsvi EL~TULaT tEmt'5 nE'5 fMeIN)5mt'5i )%ov le5T~eUGi(Mitigation measures) 5. ILip- .jmq'5 'ir %/4ighfM ~ I ~ O Gf p' ~o'% Ansv ~ ~ qVtni- mCF"i iY-v fLgnY oqev- f^N)r ttmle-vi l e p ~ i ~ i (Impact of the project on Archaeological and historical sites) 6. fttmle'5 )"V I L i i - .imq15'ir- tEdN IIF Lipttei IPLES~EelaYp'5 fMevG tAp"i%o(rnnY) tE IeSTCeUGi (Public participation in the road project) 7. I.jrnq'a NCEiir p5ttr fMeaYAmt'5.E\ov- pkMr tE5 I N i L G S ~I ~ S O GX U )'a nFvA5 qN-FvA~(Compensation proceduresand types) - - - 8. Itcmlelty iE5ri LPTq"i v.Zv nrSToeUGi (Major socio-economic problems)_ 9. f NYr 'a0iqvA5if r )'5 fNr'"5r (Marketing impediments) 10.I.E\n '"N IMCIT\n aT?fMe)\5 (fM~OOU)v . Z V ~I N i I G S 1'5f ~ r 0 p y(Grievance ~ r redressingmechanisms) (C) Instit~~tionalLevel 1. Ell i & 'Ttc- fdlEi "N (Zone, Woreda, TownIPA) 2. f LXr tOgdN&fqT\ ,EeqTAfMevG ,f.%b LXr ,Iaiip'6) ,I]Y fp.0) .-, ITBM , SOG ITBM ,E'iE0v (Land use in hectare) 3. fLXr "0 q 1.G fplS ILi.9 %1g "Y IE (Land holding in hectare) 4. f PIX'StMc,, "0 q IBfiCEqY (Average land holding) 5. ftcmle'i f LXr Suq SmCY 'EG IF" (Altitude) 6. fttmle'i ftfY Dm" (Climatic zone) 7. ftcmle'i -Lq"i foe-n LOi(Mean annual rainfall) 8. ftcmle'5 tMc,, f Lidr L O i(Temperature ineach month ofthe year 9. Ittmle'5 IE f ' i B Anr (Rivers, lakes, ground water) lo.ftcmle'i ( f'~cc'5/fSp~'5'"N fdlEi'5) Joen EL0%EMeDi ' i B S fr IpfG Smojmo& S1joe&$pi-'- (Source of drink water in the area) II.ftcmle'ifJoenn)r i r !. 6- (Populationnumber) 12.fAN}r(H"MO r) -")sv (Religion) 13.ftcmle'i MCIT\n fp\MWmt'i f A W+}sv (Occupational diversity) 14.\isv IMCIT\I5 'AA%IFt'i oq (I~IIY)(Gender issue) f A WBFO}r lGMr "W F" IFt'5 p ] r ~ I'i]}d t\))% F" IFt'i pdm"}r IFt'if"W --G 15.Itcmle'i Itn)f'5 fM e hflbq -"}r (Diseases) 16.f"i- pkMr -"}r- n)r ,(Health institutions) 17.dlEi1al'Tcc'5SOi- pkMr IE'i Ydr (Distancefrom health institution) 18.Itcmle'%IE'i £ti-^ Ibq "YAr L O i(HIVIAIDS) 19.Iti-AIbq S5Vi fps-'15 "W-v l e p ~ j(Awareness creation and condom ~ j distl-ibution) 20.frNCYr lisv e%Y -fpMV*ve%Y -r - c- I . (Schools and enrollment) 21.I1Tcc'5/ldlEi'5'AA%EGMr fMeD}5 Ansv cE5 (Natural resources) 22.I'T(('5(I1 j ) 'iiA'/4',El&, f Ljp- Ai3)dq l e p G j ~ j tAxGr foOYLip- %Ype',Ljp- (Road condition of the area) 23.Ittmlelty f Meid]d\5 Lj."qniiGD}5 pkMr- fpPMUlrj f"W ^jiAg\ilepGjGj (Availability and activities of NGO's) 24.Availability of social amenities like electric city, telephone linens, and potable water 1 . .3 7 2 - 25.Cost estimation per meter or pieces of above mentioned Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Draft Final RAP Report Annex 7 List of Reference !a. Span Consultant in Association with Beza Consolting Engineers ANNEX 7 LISTS OF REFERENCES Central Statistical Authority, Statistical abstract 2004 Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia; Proclamation No. 111995 Environmental Assessment, Operational 4.01 Annex A World Bank Washington, D.C, 1989. Environmental Impact Assessment Guideline: Environmental Protection Authority, Addis Ababa, 2000 Environmental Policy of Ethiopia: Environmental Protection Authority, Addis Ababa, April 1997 Ethiopian Roads Authority, Environmental Procedure Manual, 2001, Addils Ababa Ethiopia Ethiopian Roads Authority, ResettlementIRehabilitation Policy Framework, February 2002, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Federal Land administration and use Proclamation No 45612005 Federal Environmental protection authority April, 1997: The Environmental Policy Ethiopia. Federal Environmental protection Authority 2004: Environmental assessment reporting Guide; EPA Addis Ababa. F.D.R.E. proclamation on land expropriation and compensation payments - No 45512005 HIV 1AIDS Policy in working places of ERA, January 2004 Negarit Gazeta (Gazette Extraordinary): Civil Code of the Empire of Ethiopia, 1960 Ministry of Finance and Economic Development annual report, 2006 Operational Directive 4.12 and Annex A (OP 4.12)\ Oromia National Regional Government Environmental Protection Office : Stocktaking Capacity Needs Assessment and Action Plan for the Implementation of Environmental Protection and management in Oromia, September, 2005. Provisional Military Administrative Council, (PMAC), Proclamation on expropriation of rural land, Proclamation No 311 1975 and urban land, Proclamatioil No 47 1 1975 Proclamation No 8011997 in re-establishing E;R.A Proclamatioil No 911995 - in establishing Environmental protection authority Road Sector Development Program 1997-2007, second Draft Final Report. Ethiopian Roads Authority, Addis Ababa, January 1996 Road Sector Development Program 111(2007-2010) Some Aspects of the Population Issue: Bulletin of the Forum for Social Studies, Vol. 2 No.3&4 (December 2004) Some Aspects of Poverty in Ethiopia: FSS studies on poverty No. 1 (2003) The challenge of resettlement in Ethiopia: Bulletin of the Forum for Social Studies, Vol. 1No.3 (November 2003) The conservatioil Strategy of Ethiopia; Vol I-V: Secretariat for the Coilservation Strategy of Ethiopia, Environmental Protection Authority in collaboration with Ministry of Economic Development and Cooperation, Addis Ababa, April 1996 The 1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia; FDRE Office of Population and Housing Commission, Central Statistical Authority, Addis Ababa, April 1996 World Bank Operational Manual & Bank Policies, OP & BP (2001) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 42 18, (April 2007): Rural land certification in Ethiopia: Process, initial impact and implications for other African countries. Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and EnvironmentalImpact Assessment, Preparation of RAP 8. Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo - Dembidolo Road UpgradingProject Draft Final RAP Report ......... . . . -................... ..... . . ......--. .. ......-......... . . ....-... .... ...... .. --.-.. .........--. .......... .- .. . ---------- - - Annex 8 Responsesfor the Comments of Mekenajo-Dembidolo Span Consultant in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers 141 Responsesfor the Comments of Mekenajo-Dembidolo (Dec.29/08) IComments 1Clarifications I Remarks Please submit a comprehensive (an all inclusive) RAP that includes 1-Comment s are amended ! table of content and annexes. Ifthe document is too large to be sent through conventional e-mail, please do the following: a) reduce the size of pictures; b) compress the document and, c) contact the World Bank Office in Addis Ababa for Assistance. 2 1Table of Content -Comment amended Please insert a table of content, it is missing Executive summary - Comment s are amended -Ethiopian Electric Power and a) Move Table 5, from page 11 under the first text of the Telecommunication Corporations usually executive summary, just before the subtitle objective of the change age old lines when they RAP and out as table title, Key Data of the RAP. In the table, transferred transmission lines. Due t o you may want t o review items 16and 17; compensation will this reason both costs of the poles and be paid for poles to be relocated not for the Km of lines. lines are taking in to considerations. Please revise to number of telephone and electric poles to be affected. b) Table I, the project affected household heads are presented by junction, except Chanka -Dembidolo, please present them by Wereda or kebele, junction can be put in parenthesis. In the same table, occupation 3 is labelled pension, I Presume it means retired, so please replace it with retired. c) Budget requirement for the RAP- delete scenarios 1and 3, for the following reasons: i) the ERASpracticed during APL1, APL2 and APL3 has been to reduce the right of way in urban sections in order to avoid resettlement ii) a RAP should an implementation manual, as precise possible iii) please ensure that the summary of basic data and the summary of project affected persons reflects scenario 2, 20 meters right of way in urban sections and 30 meters in rural ; iv) meter is T--- abbreviated m ,and not Mt, please revise; v) pleasespecify the source of funding of the RAP. Who will find the implementation of the RAP?Under APL1, APL2 and APL3, this has beenthe FederalGovernment of Ethiopiathough the Ministry of finance; vii) are the budget requirements for -- (Viii) a budget requirement for the the compensation committee incorporated in the budget, if compensationcommittee had been not, please incorporate them viii)the current project road is already incorporated. a gravel road to be upgraded, can you please in the text precedingthe budget table explain why there more permanent loss of farmland than temporary loss under project operation? d) Public Consultations- i)please insert a paragraphor two, summarizing the responseslpositions of local communities, towards the project road; ii) Pleaseclarify the following sentence on p. 10: "On the part of the local authorities strong pledge is made to prepare land for resettlement ? Does it mean a request to compensate land for land?Please specify! e) Objective of the RAP, Page 15 :please revisethe wording I and consider the following alternative -To prevent or at least mitigate the adverse impacts associatedwith the implementation of the road project; to deliver the entitlements to the PAPSand support the restoration of their livelihoods, in line with the ERA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF);to maximizethe involvement of PAPSin all stages of the implementation of the RAP; and to ensure that the standard of living of PAPSis improved or at least restored. 1 f) Methodology -The text on page 16, contains generic computer message to deleted, the messageis - Error! Reference.... Legal Policy and Administrative Framework a) Point 3.7 World Bank Operational Policies (OP4.12), at the -Comments are amended end of the presentation, insert, the matrix from P.30, Comparison of Ethiopian Legislation and OP 4.12 b) Point 3.8 Institutional Framework - Briefly Present the various stakeholders and their roles in the implementation of the RAP. Besides the ERA and the EPA, there are the woredas and the regional EPAs, for instance, see text on Potential Socio - economic Impacts of the Project a) Point 4.2 socio-economic impacts of the project -the table on page 37 has no title, please insert a title; b) in the table, -Comments are amended Chanka - Dembidolo have no institutions affected, please ensure that this information is correct c) Point 4.2.1.3 Impact of Project on Roadside ... Which right of was used to calculate the impacts?Scenario 1,two or three? Please ensure that the impacts are calculated on the basis of scenario 2, that is 20 meters of right of way in urban areas and 30 in rural areas. d) The current chapter on impacts has not presented strips of farmlands to be affected. Please specify in this chapter, the quantity of strips of farmland to be affected in each Woreda, with a brake down of permanently and temporary affected. The current project road is a gravel road to be upgraded, can you please explain why there more permanent loss of farmland than temporary loss under project operations, as stated in the budget Table 6.p.16 e) Point 4.6 Assistance to Vulnerable Groups, Table 4.8, also here, Please ensure that the impacts are calculated on the basis of scenario 2. Method of Valuing Compensation for loss of Housingand Business a) Point 6.2.1 Compensationfor Permanent Loss of Farmlands. Under this headline, please specify how many PAPSthat have been identified to permanently lose their farmlands or strips of farmlands and how many are expected to temporary lose strips of their farmland. The current project road is gravel roadto be upgraded, can you pleaseexplain why there more permanent loss of farmland than temporary loss under project operations, as stated in the budget Table 6.p.16. Organizational Proceduresfor Delivery of Entitlements -Comments are amended a) Point 72 ., subtitle reporting - after that text of that subtitle, please insert Fig. 7.2 SynchronizedImplementation Schedule from Page 67. b) Point 7.3, Are the budget requirementsfor the compensation committee incorporated in the budget, if not, please incorporate them. Grievance Redress Mechanisms -The consultant tried to consult ERA. Please revise this chapter by adding some paragraphs about the role However, Could not identify of the compensation committee in grievance redress. The additional information beyond what compensation committees to address grievances Please consult with has been stated in the RAP manual. for the procedure. -Budget requirements for the Review the budget as per the above made comments: a) Are the -Comments amended compensation committee had been budget requirements for the compensation committee incorporated already incorporated. Comments beyond in the budget, if not, please incorporate them; b) The current project this are amended. road is a gravel road to be upgraded, can you please explain why there more permanent loss of farmland than temporary loss under project operations, as stated in the budget Table 6.p.16; c) HIVIAIDS presentation activities should be given a budget line, and likewise compensation to vulnerable groups; d) What is the source of funding for the implementation of the RAP- Elaborate in a couple of paragraph, how the ERA will acquire the money for the funding. Monitoring and Evaluation I-Comments amended a) This chapter should be label chapter 10, and not chapter 11, as it is in the current draft RAP; b)Under Point 11.1(current RAP) specify the role the local communities and that of Federal and the Regional EPAs. b) Under performance monitoring and impact monitoring, specify the role of local communities and that of Federal and the Regional EPAs c) Point 11.4, (current RAP) Impact Monitoring of the RAP, please delete the first statement reading; " it is recommended that evaluation." The RAP should not give recommendations it should state, what should be done. As alternative replacement, of the deleted statement, consider the following: Impact evaluation will be commissioned by the ERA, and conducted by an independent.... 11 The RAP Disclosure (This should be chapter 11) a) The RAP has t o be disclosed in Ethiopian first, before it can be disclosed at the World Bank. B) The World bank can only disclose the RAP after receiving letter from the Ethiopian Government, allowing the Bank to disclose. C) A summary of the RAP should be translated into relevant local languages and made public at local government (Wereda and kebele) office. d) Please review the following text. " Once approved, for public disclosure purposes, the RAP will be made available via the World Bank info shop. In addition, short brochures will be printed and distributed to inform people on the RAP implementation arrangements. The following process will be followed by ERA to disclose the RAP. (Review this paragraph as per the above comments) ERA will place the RAP at designated places throughout the construction phases. These designated Places may include government and non -government institutions all along the road project, and other public places as directed by the World Bank. (Delete this Paragraph) ERA will inform the availability of the RAP at designated placesto the public in the electronic media (including ERASWeb site) and government news papers. (Thisshould be number 1.Alternative text, ERA will disclosethe RAP about the practices under APL1, APL2 and APL 3) ERA'Sinformation and public Relation services and Right of Way division will contact and inform relevant ministries, non- governmental organizations local authorities and community members, and : ERAwill send copies of the final RAPto immediate stakeholders including respective regional government, zone and Wereda offices. " (Thisshould be number 2 with additional about summary in local languages) 12 Annexs- Annex 5 is missing, or it could be a question of numeration. -Comment amended Please check and address. Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment. Preparation of RAP 8 Review of Detailed EngineeringDesign and Tender Document for .Meken~@.~oemb!d~!~.P_oar!.U~_~~adi~~.P:o!~~f Draft Final RAP Report ......ffff.fff...f.ff....f..ff.f..f....f.f......ff...f...ffff.....f..fff.ffff...ff... Annex g ProjectPhotos lq Span Consultant in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and EnvironmentalImpact Assessment, Preparation of RAP B Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo -Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual Junction to Rob Gebeya Town Inango Town lnango Town Mango trees close to Alem Teferi Town Banana trees near Chanka town A row of Mango trees near Chanka town Span Consultant in Association with Beza Consulting Engineers Consultancy Services for Review of Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment, Preparationof RAP 8 Review of Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Document for Mekenajo- Dembidolo Road Upgrading Project Final RAP Manual HaroSebu (AlemTeferi) town Inango town Spa11Consultant In Assoc~at~onw ~ t hBeza Consult~ngEng~neers 6-2