90134 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices RAMPUR HYDROPOWER PROJECT Land Acquisition | Resettlement | Community Development Practices 1 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices August 2014 This document is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this document are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, or its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Acknowledgements This document was prepared by a team of I.U.B. Reddy, Rohit Mittal and Kwawu Mensan Gaba. Sona Thakur provided presentational assistance. G. Srihari (Consultant) contributed to compilation of background information and interviews with the project affected people and other stakeholders. Sheela Bajaj (Consultant) provided editorial support. Deepali Uppal provided administrative support. The work was supervised by Julia Bucknall and Maria C. Correia. The team is grateful to K. K. Gupta (Head of Rampur Project and General Manager, SJVN Limited), F. Badaik (DGM, R&R, SJVNL), Alka Jaiswal (Manager, R&R, SJVNL), Kaushlya Devi (Senior Officer, R&R, SJVNL) and management of SJVN Limited for their substantive inputs, suggestions and support in preparation of this document. The team gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Austrian Partnership Trust Fund for the preparation of this document. 2 RAMPUR HYDROPOWER PROJECT Land Acquisition | Resettlement | Community Development Practices THIS NOTE DOCUMENTS THE PRACTICES OF SJVN LIMITED FOR LAND ACQUISITION, RESETTLEMENT AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND BENEFITS ACCRUING TO THE PROJECT-AFFECTED FAMILIES AND LOCAL POPULATION IN GENERAL UNDER THE RAMPUR HYDROPOWER PROJECT. Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices 2 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices Context, Challenges and Outcomes SJVN Limited (SJVNL), a mini ratna1 public sector Of this, 50 hectares of state forest land was acquired undertaking of the Government of India (GoI), is from the Government of Himachal Pradesh and 30 implementing the World Bank funded 412 MW hectares of private land from 167 landowners in four run-of-the-river hydro power project at Rampur in villages of three panchayats in Kullu and Shimla Himachal Pradesh, immediately downstream of and in districts. cascade operation with the 1500 MW Nathpa Jhakri Hydroelectric Project (NJHP). Located in Shimla Situated in a remote, hilly area of Himachal Pradesh and Kullu districts, the Rampur Project involves the with limited access and development, the key construction of a 15.17 km, 10.5 m of diameter, head challenges faced by SJVNL in this project were: race tunnel that delivers water to a power house with six turbine generators. • timely land acquisition, enabling commencement of civil work on schedule; and The project-affected area covered eight panchayats. • sustainable resettlement, rehabilitation and SJVNL required 80 hectares of land for building community development program for project- project infrastructure such as offices, power house, affected families, to provide benefits in addition to dumping sites, and quarry and site establishments. mandatory compensation. 1 Central Public Sector Under taking (CPSU) companies are divided into three categories: (i) Maharatna; (ii) Navratna; (iii) Mini ratna - Category I; and (iv) Mini ratna - Category II. SJVNL is a Mini ratna – Category I company, which entitles the company board to do investments up to a limit of Rs. 5000 million or equal to their net worth, whichever is lower, without seeking government permission. 3 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices SJVNL’s experience in its first project, at Nathpa Himachal Pradesh’s design of new policy provisions Jakhri, led to better implementation practices in of Local Area Development Fund (LADF) under land acquisition, resettlement and community the State Hydropower Policy (2006), wherein development in the Rampur Project and the it has been made mandatory for all hydropower experience demonstrates that benefit sharing has developers (more than 5 MW capacity) in the broad multi-layered advantages. The approach State to earmark 1.5 percent of the project cost adopted by SJVNL go beyond one-time compensation towards local area development during project and short-term resettlement support and in this spirit, implementation from 2008 onwards. The money has displaced people and local communities are both to be deposited with the Local Area Development treated as legitimate partners and beneficiaries in the Committee (LADC) that manages and implement development process. the various community development activities in the project-affected villages. As a result, local • SJVNL adopted proactive and innovative infrastructure development has received a boost in approaches to social safeguards and community the state with creation of Local Area Development development that included a fair compensation, Committees (LADCs) for each power project with inclusive resettlement measures, demand driven capacity exceeding 5 MW. For example, since local infrastructure improvement, opportunities 2009, LADCs have implemented 85 infrastructure for employment and skill upgrading, and support works (like constructing permanent paths, retaining to various welfare and cultural activities. The walls, playgrounds and fencing, footbridges, project supports not only the affected communities drinking water pipelines, rooms for schools and in livelihood restoration but also the larger local community halls) in Rampur project area. communities in local area development. • With commencement of operations, the project will • The innovative design and success of the also start making annuity payments to residents community development program undertaken of the project-affected area, during the project’s by SJVNL, both in Nathpa-Jhakri and Rampur operational life, from revenue of sale of one percent Projects, also contributed to the Government of of free power in accordance with the revised 4 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices guidelines for local area development adopted by assistance instead of project-sponsored State Government in 2011 under their Hydropower resettlement. Fifteen project-affected families Policy (2006). In addition, the project will also without a house opted for a 60 sq. m plot with a provide 100 units of electricity per month to each construction grant of Rs. 1,80,000 (US$ 3,600) and project-affected family for a period of 10 years as a temporarily leased two-room accommodation or per the Hydro Policy (2008) of GoI. This is expected Rs. 2000 (US$ 40) per month for 18 months. Ten to further strengthen the ownership of the project displaced families, who had an alternative house, with local communities. were each offered a construction grant of Rs. 0.18 million (US$ 3,600) to improve or construct The key features of the approach adopted by SJVNL additional rooms. The other four displaced families and their results have been: were offered Rs. 0.99 million (US$ 19,800) in cash in lieu of alternative houses. All displaced • A more equitable approach to land acquisition: families were provided cash assistance to cover SJVNL responded to landowners’ demand for fair relocation expenses. compensation by appointing a committee through the state government to determine market value • Support for income generation schemes: SJVNL of the land they were to acquire. New parameters offered income enhancement opportunities to such as the nature and use of land were people in the project area through initiatives such considered, as were rates for land fixed in recent as: (i) reserving small contracts below Rs. 1 million court cases and private sector transactions. As a (US$ 20,000) to be implemented by them-By June result, the compensation rates finally 2014, 113 contracts worth Rs. 238.14 million (US$ paid ranged between Rs. 5.8-6.0 million (US$ 4.76 million) and 84 contracts worth Rs. 40.4 1,16,000-1,20,000) per hectare and were upto million (US$ 0.8 million) had been awarded to local 10 times higher than those that had been initially people by SJVNL and the major project contractors determined in the range of Rs. 0.3- 0.6 million per respectively; (ii) employment by contractors - From hectare. The compensation was declared within the start-up of construction in 2007 until March one year of the land acquisition notification, thereby 2014 , the project has provided 0.38 million person reducing the time for acquisition by 1-1.5 years days of work to the local population, covering and the entire process was completed before approximately 16% employment created by commencement of civil works2. This prevented contractors. Thus, work opportunities to the local implementation delays usually associated with people increased substantially. In addition, 344 large infrastructure projects due to protracted land local people (9% females) including 22 project- acquisition and resettlement of displaced families. affected persons were employed by contractors on long-term contracts; and (iii) rental of light vehicles • Self-relocation option: SJVNL demonstrated - Till June 2014, around 60 vehicles for about flexibility in resettlement3 by encouraging self- 3,700 vehicle months have been hired by the relocation for displaced families, and offering them project, significantly helping to supplement sites of their choice and attractive resettlement household income. 2 Under land acquisition act, there is mechanism to appeal to the courts for enhancement of compensation, which can generally involve time and cost. Accordingly, the people preferred to pursue with SJVNL for higher compensation. 3 SJVNL provided options for resettlement - self-relocation, or cash grant or project constructed houses. 5 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices 2014, more than 57,000 people (51% females) had benefitted from mobile health vans and 250 chronic patients referred to the main hospital for timely treatment. In addition, more than 50 health camps have benefitted over 6,200 patients (24% females) so far. • Skill upgrading measures: SJVNL’s belief that backwardness and remoteness of the area should not deter talented, ambitious local youth from progressing led it to implement a technical education program. Since the scheme was launched in 2006, SJVNL has sponsored 195 candidates including 31 (16%) females to ITIs of which 174 (89%) have completed their courses and 72 of them were employed with the contractors subsequently. Careful monitoring of the outcomes of this initiative encouraged SJVNL to also start an apprenticeship program in January 2012 for the youth in order to make them employable. So far 57 candidates including 8 (14%) females have successfully completed on-the-job training. In addition, 89 candidates • Focused community welfare measures: SJVNL including 26 (29%) females have received merit sought to spread the benefits of induced scholarships to pursue higher education. development beyond those directly affected, to also include residents of the wider project-affected • Gender sensitivity: SJVNL has focused on women’s area, thereby increasing the ownership and empowerment by introducing measures that acceptance of the project among the people and enhance their skills and workplace exposure. community in the area. SJVNL has spent around Rs. 190 million (US$ 3.8 million) on improving • Direct communication with communities. SJVNL basic infrastructure in the area such as approach has focused on building a direct relationship with roads, pathways, school buildings, playgrounds, the local community right from start of project street lights, water supply, sewerage, sanitation, development stage and which continued in the community centres, etc. project implementation. The head of the project has maintained an open door policy throughout • Continuous health services: Provision of mobile the project encouraging people to bring their health vans, referral services and periodical concerns directly to him. He introduced weekly medical camps helped strengthen the relationship visiting hour, so that any local people and project between SJVNL and local communities. By June affected people can visit and discuss their concerns 6 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices Improvement in the Living Standards A mid-term impact evaluation on implementation of land acquisition, resettlement and community development activities was undertaken by the project through independent consultants in November 2010 that revealed: (i) the average income of project-affected families has increased by 26% in real terms over baseline incomes and is 41% more than the average income of the control set of population; (ii) 63% of the affected people have added additional household assets or immovable assets such as land or house from the compensation amounts received by them; (iii) the proportion of people working in fixed earning income jobs has increased by 5% from the baseline and is 6% above that of control set of population; (iv) the housing conditions of the affected people have substantially improved. For example, average size of the house is now 35% bigger than the baseline average size and 18% bigger than the control set population’s size of houses; and (v) the project-affected people identified support for technical education, merit scholarships, dispensary at Bayal and mobile health van, to be good initiatives by SJVNL in assisting the affected people and local people in their efforts towards improving the access to basic amenities and health and education facilities. and issues directly with him. Regular informal reduced the chances of misinformation and helped and periodic formal consultations have ensured effectively address grievances. In addition, a Public that views of local people are heard and taken Information Center (PIC) has been operational in into account. All the local area development project area since 2005 and is a repository of all schemes are finalized in consultation with the project documents such as the resettlement action community and in some cases, the community is plan, social impact assessment, environmental directly involved in the implementation also. Direct impact assessment, environment management communication with communities enabled clear plan, and serves as an additional place for dissemination of information and program delivery, registering complaints and suggestions. 7 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices Land Acquisition Practices Land acquisition Land rates and compensation: Initially compensation was based on rates arrived as per the The implementation agreement for the Rampur Land Acquisition Act, based on prevailing land rates Hydropower Project (RHP) was signed between the in 2005, classified by type and ranged between Rs. Government of Himachal Pradesh and SJVNL in 0.3-0.6 million5 (US$ 6,000–12,000) per hectare, October 2004. SJVNL required 80 hectares of land for approximately 10 times lower than the rates in the building project infrastructure such as offices, power adjoining Jagathkhana and Poshna panchayats house, dumping area, quarry and site establishments. compared to the project-affected panchayats of Bayal, Of this, 50 hectares of state forest land was acquired Nirmand, Gadej and Dutt Nagar. In fact, the land for from the Government and 30 hectares of private another hydropower project (Parbati Hydropower land from 167 landowners in four villages4 of three Project in Kullu district) was acquired at rates 8-9 panchayats in Kullu and Shimla districts. The private times higher than what was initially offered in Rampur land acquisition was initiated in September 2005 by project, on account of use of various parameters the state’s revenue department under the Indian Land for assessment of compensation and not past Acquisition Act, 1894 and completed in October 2006. transactions only, despite the relative backwardness 4 Includes Bayal, Koyal, Averi/Gadej in Kullu district and Dutt Nagar in Shimla district. 5 Conversion used for 2004-12 is US$ 1=Rs. 50 8 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices of the area. Most landowners affected by Rampur Project vehemently disapproved of these low rates, being aware of other such land transactions and asked SJVNL for higher compensation. The project is located in a hilly terrain about 130 kms from state capital of Shimla and situated on the bank of River Sutlej. Being a hilly and remote region and far away from the state capital, there were limited market registered transactions which provided limited basis for determination of realistic land values. A District Level Market Rates Fixing Committee was constituted in December 2005 with the Deputy Commissioner as Chairman and senior representatives of key The compensation rates finally ranged between Rs. government departments including the public 5.8-6.0 million (US$ 1,16,000-1,20,000) per hectare works department (PWD), forests, agriculture, and and were 10 times higher than previously determined. horticulture. SJVNL and the project-affected families The committee applied these enhanced rates only both chose not to be represented, thereby enabling the to land acquired for the project to speed up the land committee to carry out an independent and objective acquisition and thus avoid delays associated with assessment. Land valuation was based on comparison land acquisition. The district administration of Kullu with prevalent market land rates in the vicinity considered these rates reasonable and approved them (see Box 1) computed as an average of land rates in July 2006. These enhanced rates became basis for prevalent in three areas, namely Jagathkhana, Poshna acquisition of additional private land triggered during and the village where land had to be acquired. the project implementation and made this subsequent land acquisition easier and faster. The valuation of structures was undertaken through a third party, an approved valuer of the State Government, who used Box 1: Parameters considered in valuation the item rate method, namely the Himachal Pradesh PWD schedule of rates and the prevailing market • Recent land transactions premium on these rates. • Compensation paid in other hydropower power projects in the vicinity Based on Section 9 of the Land Acquisition Act, 18946, • Revised compensation rates in land acquisition project-affected families were asked to express their enhanced by court rulings interest in the land, assets, amount, and particulars of • Type of land (agricultural or non-agricultural) the claim and state their objections, in the presence • Average productivity per bigha of a SJVNL representative. While the project-affected • Proximity to road and market families had no objections to the measurement or the • Distance from village habitation revised land rates, they raised other demands such as: • Transportation and irrigation facilities (i) alternative land to those rendered landless, and a • Nature and type of standing crops house to those rendered houseless; (ii) employment of one member from each family in the project as a long term rehabilitation measure. 6 Law in force at that time 9 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices The compensation was declared in October 2006, within one year of the notification, thereby reducing the Outcomes time for acquisition by 1-1.5 years and included an additional: The proactive approach to land acquisition and providing a realistic compensation led to the • 30% towards solatium7 on the market value of land, following results: structure, fruit and non-fruit trees; and • 12% interest for the period following the notification. • land acquisition process took place in a smooth manner, without any major opposition The compensation also varied according to the type • land acquisition took place well in advance of land, such as irrigated land where it was 4 times of commencement of civil work i.e. timely commencement of civil works higher, and non-irrigated lands where it was 10-20 • additional land acquisition during project times higher. construction for facilitation of additional civil works The process of compensation was completed prior to • support of the affected community the commencement of civil works in February 2007. Besides facilitating compensation, the project enabled the resettlement of 15 displaced households consisting with additional support of rehabilitation grants of about 70 people. Additional lands for civil works (Box 2) and 51 vulnerable families including required during project implementation were also 11 women headed families were given financial acquired at these rates. In addition to compensation, assistance for their speedy rehabilitation in the post the land losers becoming landless8 were also provided land acquisition period. 7 Terminology used in land acquisition act which means additional compensation paid for compulsory acquisition of land by solacing the affected person. 8 In Himachal Pradesh, landless is defined as the one who is left with less than 5 bighas of land (i.e. less than 1 acre) 10 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices Resettlement and Rehabilitation of Project-affected People Approach: The Rampur Project identified 29 families provided rehabilitation grants to families rendered to be displaced and requiring relocation. This included landless9 after acquisition and counselled them on 19 families that were left without houses and 10 productive investment (see Box 2). families that had an alternative house. SJVNL’s approach to resettlement and rehabilitation aimed at: Box 2: Rehabilitation grant by size of • suitable relocation of displaced families; landholding (in ha) • relocation choice for displaced families, based on the NJHP experience; and, Before Land After Land Amount (Rs.) • rehabilitation grants for those rendered landless Acquisition Acquisition and houseless. > 0.4 0 or 0.004 65,000 < 0.4 0 or 0.004 55,000 Rehabilitation grants: SJVNL recognized that in a rural - > 0.004 and 45,000 economy, agricultural land is a key economic asset < 0.4 whose loss must be compensated. It therefore also 9 Those left with less than 5 bighas (1 acre) after land was acquired for the project. 11 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices 0.7850 hectares of land on a ‘willing seller-willing Box 3: Self-relocation options buyer’ basis at the same enhanced rates fixed by the committee for land acquisition, benefitting willing • Provide an independent house with plot area of sellers. The Rampur Project developed the plots before 60 sq. m. handing them over to the buyers for construction. • Provide construction cost of house @ Rs. 3,000 per sq. m. i.e. Rs. 1,80,000 (US$ 3,600) Construction grant: SJVNL released the construction • A family that does not opt for a house/plot grants in instalments, by assessing construction but constructs its house at its own cost with progress through a project committee, so that a plinth area of 60 sq. m or more to be paid construction cost at Rs. 3,500 per sq.m. displaced families actually rebuilt their houses, and did not squander the assistance amount. Besides, SJVNL prepared a transit plan, providing temporary accommodation to houseless families for the period An independent study10 found that project-affected between vacating their old houses and moving to new families utilized the compensation money and ones, with the options of temporarily leased two-room rehabilitation grant to purchase land, orchards in accommodation or Rs. 2000 (US$ 40) per month for 18 the vicinity, and vehicles or make improvements in months. Ten displaced families who had an alternative their houses. house were each offered a construction grant of Rs. 0.18 million (US$ 3,600) to improve or construct Flexibility in choice for relocation: SJVNL additional rooms. The other 4 displaced families demonstrated flexibility, using its resettlement and choose to build houses individually on their own as rehabilitation scheme to give project-affected families they could not find suitable site of their choice. Hence the choice of relocation, rather than push them into a they were offered cash in lieu of alternative houses. pre-identified resettlement. Each of these families were paid Rs. 0.99 million (US$ 19,800), the amount equivalent to the average amount Consultative process: 15 out of 19 project-affected spent by the project for other 15 displaced families families without a house opted for a 60 sq. m plot with towards purchase of a plot, land development, creation a construction grant (see Box 3). SJVNL purchased of infrastructure and transitional support. 10 Mid-term Impact Evaluation of Resettlement Action Plan and Community Development Plan Implementation in Rampur Hydropower Project, November 2010, SMEC India Limited. 12 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices “…The earlier house had four rooms and a toilet, permanent but smaller. After land acquisition, SJVNL gave us a plot for our resettlement. Actually, the plot is only 100 meters away from our earlier home. We continue to get fodder for our cattle from the nearby forest… so no change. …... This is the new house that we have constructed. It has four rooms but as you can see they are bigger than earlier… with a toilet. Water supply is available for 24 hours. SJVNL has provided street lighting and recently set up a sewage treatment plant for the colony… definitely an improvement on what we had earlier. You would notice we are now constructing the first floor… more members in the household means need for more space! – Biju Ram S/o Matu Ram, Project displaced family (houseless and landless), Averi village Reimbursement for moving or relocation costs: SJVNL in comparison with the pre-project scenario: provided about Rs. 5,000 (US$ 100) to households to • 16% additional households had permanent cover their moving costs from their original dwelling house structures; units to temporary accommodation and then to their new houses. • house sizes increased by more than 200 sq. m with extra rooms; and Other facilities: The resettlement colonies at Bayal and • additional rooms were rented out at Rs. 1,500 Averi villages were provided with piped water, internal (US$ 30) per room per month to migrant paths, approach roads, street lighting and a sewage construction workers, who are in need of housing treatment plant with 25,000 litres capacity to serve and the income earned supplemented the overall 100-125 persons. An independent study11 revealed that household income. 11 Mid-term Impact Evaluation of Resettlement Action Plan and Community Development Plan Implementation in Rampur Hydropower Project, November 2010, SMEC India Limited 13 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices Income Enhancement Measures During Project Implementation Support for income generation. SJVNL’s compensation and resettlement grants shielded project- Income enhancement opportunities affected families against adverse resettlement impacts offered by RHP and the long construction phase, and the RHP offered income enhancement opportunities to those in the • petty contracts (below Rs. 1.0 million or US$ project area such as: (i) petty contracts, (ii) employment 20,000) by contractors, and (iii) rental of light vehicles. • contractors engaging local persons • hiring of light vehicles for the project Petty contracts: SJVNL awarded petty contracts (below Rs. 1.0 million or US$ 20,000) such as housekeeping, gardening and masonry for By employing local persons, the contractors infrastructure on a preferential basis to local people substantially increased local work opportunities. Petty and registered contractors under three categories: contracts were tendered and awarded to registered agencies submitting the lowest bid. The duration • project-affected families; of such contracts was approximately one year and, • residents of project-affected areas; and depending on the nature of work, these were • local persons. re-tendered annually. Petty contractors confirmed 14 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices receiving timely payment and gaining exposure for work outside the area. By June 2014, 113 petty contracts worth Rs. 238.14 million (US$ 4.76 million) had been awarded to local people, of which Rs. 179.30 million (US$ 3.59 million) worth works (75%) have been completed. Besides, the major project contractors have awarded 84 petty contracts worth Rs. 40.4 million (US$ 0.8 million). Employment of local persons by contractors: SJVNL engaged local persons on annual contracts through various contractors, thereby increasing local employment for clerks, supervisors and data entry operators on pay scales ranging between Rs. 3,000 and 8,000 (US$ 60-160) per month. In addition, 344 local people including 22 project-affected persons were employed by contractors on long-term contracts. With this experience and income, these entrants have been able to pursue higher studies and other professional interests. Although a state-of-the-art hydropower project like the Rampur one has only limited manpower needs, SJVNL has stipulated that “one member of persons, mainly semi-skilled and unskilled, at the each project affected family rendered landless will be supervisor and workman level, thus augmenting both provided employment by the project authority in the gainful employment and household income. From the category of skilled/semi-skilled/unskilled workmen start-up of construction in 2007 until March 2014, the subject to fulfilling the requisite criteria/qualification and project has provided 0.38 million person days of work as and when any fresh recruitment is done in these to the local population, covering approximately 16% categories.” Accordingly, one recent vacancy for the employment created by contractors. post of pharmacist was filled by a female candidate from a project-affected family. Rental of light vehicles: SJVNL also initiated a scheme whereby vehicles (mainly jeeps) were to be hired by SJVNL has also mandated that all contractors and the project on rent, which became a major source their sub-vendors provide work opportunities to local of supplementary income for local people. SJVNL I work with the finance department of RHP and live in Kasholi village of Badi panchayat i.e. within the project-affected area, but not directly affected. When RHP introduced this scheme of hiring of vehicles for families residing in the project affected area, I considered it as a good opportunity to earn more money. I purchased a Mahindra Bolero vehicle on loan and rented it out to RHP in my wife’s name in 2011. I get Rs. 18,000 (US$ 360) as a fixed rate and with fuel and other expenses it is about Rs. 27,000 (US$ 540) per month. Part of the earnings goes towards loan repayment and driver’s salary. Money earned has been good and enabled me to afford more. My son is enrolled in GNIIT – computer course from an accredited institute. Also, once the loan amount is cleared, I get the vehicle for free. If I sell it, I will get at least Rs. 1,50,000 (US$ 3000). – Mangat Ram, Vehicle owner 15 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices initially advertised this scheme for project-affected provided information on, and translated and explained families only, but later opened it up for other residents the provisions and guidelines of various schemes of the project-affected area. The local population governing land acquisition and rehabilitation; the appreciates the scheme, for most of whom farming development of community infrastructure works; is the main occupation and this additional avenue for compensation for potential damage due to blasting on earning income through vehicle rental is otherwise houses or crops; measures to deal with dust pollution not available as an option. They took a loan and etc. They also explained the system for resolving purchased vehicle to give it to the project on monthly grievances of affected communities, individuals and rental. The vehicle owners now expect to recover their their representative groups. investment cost and repay the loan for purchasing the vehicle. Approximately 60 vehicles have been hired by The direct interaction continued through the the project. In the post-construction phase, the project implementation phase. Villagers made use of the Open would require fewer vehicles and thus some vehicles Door policy followed by project officials and raised their would be deployed elsewhere or sold profitably. Till concerns and issues directly with the them. June 2014, approximately, 3,700 vehicle months were hired by the project, significantly helping to supplement A Public Information Center (PIC) has been household income. operational in Bayal village since 2005 to function as a one-stop resource center for the local villagers Direct communication. From the early stages of for information on resettlement and rehabilitation, project preparation, the staff of the resettlement community development, employment opportunities, and rehabilitation department of the Rampur project and grievance redressal. This PIC is also a repository established direct channels of communication with the of all project related documents and allows the local community. villagers to easily access reports such as the resettlement action plan, social impact assessment, In early meetings with the villagers, the project environmental impact assessment, and environment staff explained to them in detail the possible social management plan, etc. The PIC is manned by a local and environmental impacts of the proposed project officer conversant with local issues to those who visit and discussed possible mitigation measures. They the PIC. 16 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices Community Development Measures The objective of the SJVNL’s community development The innovative design of the program contributed program is the sustainable development and to the State Government coming out with a policy in socio-economic improvement of project-affected 2008 for the State wherein it was made mandatory communities in the surrounding villages by: for hydropower developers to earmark 1.5 percent of the project cost towards local area development and • providing or enhancing basic infrastructure; the money has to be deposited with the Local Area • operating mobile health vans; Development Committee (LADC) that manages and • providing scholarships for the wards of affected implements projects. local people; • sponsoring youth to Industrial Training Institutes The original allocation for infrastructure development in (ITIs)12 to acquire technical skills; and case of Rampur project was Rs. 125 million (US$ 2.5 • providing support services to agriculture and million) under the sustainable community development horticulture. program, however following the notification of the 12 Local training schools providing vocational instruction in a range of technical trades 17 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices State’s new policy in 2008, the allocation has been raised to Rs. 307.5 million (US$ 6.15 million). Since 2009, the LADC has sanctioned, executed and monitored infrastructure improvement schemes under this allocation in the affected villages, including: Infrastructure works: Rs. 190 million (US$ 3.8 million) have been spent by the project on improving infrastructure, including on two major works, namely a new bus station (Rs.114 million or US$ 2.28 million) and a senior secondary school (Rs. 20 million or US$ 0.4 million) at Rampur. In addition, SJVNL has also installed energized tube wells and hand pumps for improving drinking water supply. Based on ranking parameters (see Box 4), the funds are earmarked for each affected village to support the provision of small infrastructure. The project proponent then has to Box 4: Ranking parameter and weightage improve basic infrastructure such as approach roads, Land acquired 20% pathways, school buildings, playgrounds, street lights, Length of river stream 40% water supply, sewerage, sanitation, community centres Length of underground works and cremation grounds. As infrastructure work below (like tunnel etc.) 40% the threshold of one million rupees (US$ 20,000) is 18 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices “..there was a Primary Health Center at Koyal village… but we still travelled to Khaneri or Rampur. The bus fare apart, half a day would be required in terms of time, causing discomfort to the patient. Now with the health vans coming and holding camps and check-up of patients, we get treatment and free medicines ….at our doorstep! – Pooja of Bakhan village, Kharga Panchayat (project-affected area) allocable for local petty contracts, those interested could submit their bids. Mobile health vans and medical camps: Prior to the project, the nearest medical facility for local communities was at Khaneri or Rampur, approximately 8-10 km away. Inadequate transportation rendered access difficult. Medical camps and mobile health vans became operational in January 2005, comprising a team of doctors, nurses and attendants that visits villages thrice weekly for one hour per village, also providing treatment and referral services to villages in the neighbourhood. Mobile health vans and medical camps help diagnose patients, provide medicines free of cost, medical guidance and referrals: This has increased awareness about basic hygiene and balanced diet in the surrounding villages. By June 2014, more than 57,000 people had benefitted and 250 chronic patients referred to the main hospital for timely treatment. 19 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices …the Rampur project has supported the schools in the area in many ways. We have used the grant scheme for purchasing science, chemistry instruments, books for the library, furniture, tables, chairs, basketball, volleyball… sports goods…and yes, we developed a basketball court. We also get grants from the state government... it comes through…sometimes takes longer. The project gave scholarships to encourage good students… there was an essay, quiz and declamation competition too….Recently in February; the project organized a dental, blood grouping camp …in our school... very useful. Actually otherwise it is very difficult for the school to organize such a camp. The panchayat is involved as well in the functioning….the school management committee includes a panchayat representative, parents of wards and they monitor the grant utilization, the assessment committee is working well – Headmaster, Senior Secondary School, Dutt Nagar Scheme for infrastructure support to schools in project- affected areas: A key component of SJVNL’s strategy for social uplift is improvement and provision of infrastructure and aid to 49 schools - at primary, middle and senior secondary levels - in the project-affected area. Each school was eligible for three grants: • either Rs. 5,000 (US$ 100) or Rs. 10,000 (US$ 200) for students to carry out plantation work in the school’s vicinity; • varying, according to the school’s level, between Rs. 75,000 (US$ 1,500) and Rs. 2,00,000 (US$ 4,000) for student infrastructure, namely desks, chairs, library books, laboratory equipment, education aids such as blackboards and whiteboards, slide projector, computers and peripherals, sports equipment, musical instruments and additional classrooms, released after checking infrastructure provided by the government in order to avoid duplication; and • 50% of the second grant for those schools who SJVNL took the initiative further and organized health have successfully utilised the first grant. camps on themes such as sports, geriatric health, dental and vision check-up, iodine deficiency, blood Additionally, school fee concession between 27-35% sugar, haemoglobin, thyroid and lipid profile. Since for all classes from nursery till class XII is provided 2007, more than 50 health camps have benefitted over to children of project-affected families at Delhi Public 6,200 patients, and SJVNL has kept records of places School in Jhakri on the same lines as the children of visited, together with patients checked, referrals, SJVNL employees. and injections administered. In 2013, as part of its corporate social responsibility, SJVNL has outsourced SJVNL has developed comprehensive criteria and mobile health van operations for the NJHP and RHP procedures for the scheme: Schools must indicate to HelpAge India, a specialized not-for-profit society their requirements, including the number of students which runs mobile Medicare units across the country. enrolled before applying. A school management 20 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices ensures compliance with stipulated terms. The head of RHP, if satisfied with the assessment, approves the proposed grants. SJVNL’s contribution has been widely acknowledged, as schools in the project-affected area used the project grants to supplement state government funds for critical infrastructure. Further, amounts between Rs. 1000-4000 (US$ 20-80) were awarded to the best students in classes V, VIII, X and XII, thereby ensuring that deserving students in the project-affected area continued studying and did not drop out due to economic reasons. Support for technical education and apprenticeship for youth: As the project-affected area was underdeveloped, its youth had limited access to technical education and professional exposure for employability. The cost of the education and the preference to find suitable educational institution locally (and not go away from home) and seek work locally was also a deterrent. For the development of committee consisting of representatives of the project, families in the project-affected area, SJVNL designed district administration, education department and the a scheme for class 10th pass youth to enter ITIs and headmaster, monitors the functioning of the scheme, become self-reliant in trades such as electrician, using parameters such as utilization of the first grant, machinist, motor mechanic and welder. Female requirements against estimates, progress of work, and candidates were specially sponsored for computer procurement of material from the second and third operator, programming assistant, cutting and sewing grants. It finalizes the instalments to be released and courses by: 21 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices A merit scholarship scheme enabled students to pursue higher education, minimized dropouts and created a pool of candidates capable of contributing to the project: These scholarships were given to vocational trainees at ITIs, diploma aspirants in engineering, pharmacy and computer skills and degree students in engineering and medicine. So far, 89 candidates including 26 (29%) females have received scholarships. Support services for horticulture, agriculture and veterinary skills: SJVNL organized training in agriculture, horticulture and veterinary skills to provide local persons with technical knowhow for improving the quality of fruits and crops, and the breed and health of cattle. About 450 people including 170 (38%) women received support through these camps. Through community meetings, farmers were exhorted to attend eight camps supported by agriculture and horticulture experts from the Himachal Pradesh University. Participants, including women, were provided farm • providing training for one year in different trades at implements such as pruning scissors and sickles, ITIs in the state; fertilizers, animal feed and high-yielding varieties of • reimbursement of tuition and examination fees; and seeds. Consequently, local communities adopted • monthly stipend of Rs. 700 (US$ 14). better farm practices, tools and implements. Candidates with required marks from project-affected Support to cultural property, fairs and festivals: SJVNL families had to apply to SJVNL through the panchayat. also helped preserve community cultural property with Since the scheme was launched in 2006, SJVNL funds and technical support to fence temple structures, has sponsored 195 candidates including 31 (16%) install tiles, construct additional rooms, and develop females. Of these, 174 (89%) including 25 females community welfare centres. Its participation in fairs and have successfully completed their courses and the rest festivals such as Kharga Mela, Mandwa, Thirshu Mela, are expected to do so shortly. Of those who completed Anni Mela and Boddhi Diwali Fair has created a sense their courses, 72 (41%) were gainfully employed with of continued support for the community. contractors. Awareness camps: SJVNL’s community outreach SJVNL also initiated a three-month skill upgrading has included awareness camps on HIV/AIDS and the program, through the Construction Industry Right to Information (RTI) Act for migrants and others Development Council, with a monthly stipend of Rs. labourers with construction contractors. About 150 1,500 (US$ 30) across all its projects to enhance people including about 45 (30%) females participated skills in the electrical and accountancy trades for in the RTI awareness workshops. In addition, SJVNL unemployed youth to become gainfully employed or also held two RTI camps for the general population in set up their own enterprises. the project area. 22 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices Infrastructure under the Sustainable Community Development Program. At the beginning of the project implementation, SJVNL developed a Sustainable Community Development Program. Under this program, local infrastructure facilities such as playgrounds, permanent paths and foot- bridges specified by the village communities, fencing and repair of small irrigation channels, regarded as village lifelines, were created. The entity for which infrastructure is created has the responsibility for maintenance, while the panchayat monitors property renovation through ward members in duly constituted committees. The local communities consider the quality of infrastructure works executed fencing around temple structures, playgrounds, by the RHP superior to that of the state government installation of dust bins, sponsorship of technical departments. education, provision of meritorious scholarships, apprenticeships, camps on agriculture, horticulture Corporate social responsibility (CSR): The and skill awareness. experiences gained over the last decade in the Nathpa Jhakri Hydroelectric Project and the RHP helped Apprentice Training. In 2012, SJVNL introduced a SJVNL formulate a Corporate Social Responsibility new CSR initiative, namely an apprenticeship (on- – Community Development (CSR-CD) policy, the-job) scheme. Under this scheme, technically involving specialized agencies. It includes education, qualified youth in the project-affected area were given infrastructure and community development, provision of an opportunity to work for one year with RHP with a medical services, women’s empowerment and creation monthly stipend between Rs. 5,000-8,000 (US$ 90 to of awareness among project-affected families. SJVNL’s 160). 57 candidates, including 8 (14%) females have CSR budget is 0.5-2% of the net profit after tax and is successfully completed the training. The candidates apportioned across all SJVNL projects, with bi-annual have been trained as electricians, fitters, mechanics, monitoring and external evaluation every five years. refrigeration mechanics, motor mechanics, turners, welders, computer operators, etc. Male apprentices Under the CSR-CD policy, many activities have been at construction sites have gained experience and undertaken in the RHP area such as construction confidence and women have become empowered, of a rain shelter and post office at Bayal, study some working as computer operators, using the tours, installation of benches, water coolers, toilets, experience gained, or saving to study further. “I am from Chambu village, Bahwa panchayat… we are a small family with parents and a younger sister. My family supported me in going out for training….did my training from ITI, Bilaspur 2010-11...learnt Microsoft Excel, DOS, C++. I have joined RHP as computer operator apprentice this January. I get Rs. 6000 (US$ 120) per month. My previous job outside the area was on a shift basis, required 12-14 hours on an average and most of the work was data entry in MS-Excel. Work here is better and with more variety and I will use my earnings to study more.” – Bindubala, Apprentice, RHP, Batch 2012-13 23 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices Gender Focus SJVNL has demonstrated a strong willingness to beautician program which have benefitted more than empower women in the project-affected area. 50 women. It has provided women with education, training, employment, health care and support at the domestic Employment with RHP: Two out of four professional level as follows: staff (50%) working on community development and resettlement and rehabilitation aspects are females (i) Training and employment related support and the head of the PIC is also a female. In addition, the project hired a female pharmacist at Bayal dispensary under the resettlement and rehabilitation Sponsorship for technical education and scheme. apprenticeship: SJVNL has sponsored 31 females (16%) in computer operating and programming (ii) Health care related support assistant, sewing and cutting trades, resulting in jobs for fourteen females. About 30% of 89 persons who Treatment by mobile health van (MHV) and the Bayal received scholarships were females. Similarly, 14% of dispensary: Many female patients in the project- 57 who received apprentice training were females and affected areas have availed of treatment from both 9% of 344 local persons employed by the contractors these facilities. The coverage of female patients by were females. In addition, the project has also mobile health vans (51%) has been significantly higher organized skill upgrading training programs exclusively than those who received treatment at the dispensary for women in 2014 – This includes a 3 month computer (22%). About one-fourth of 6,200 who availed of the training, 3 month cutting and tailoring and 2 month services of medical camps were females. 24 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices “I reside in Nirmand… from a project-affected family. I have a diploma in pharmacy. Earlier I was working in a government hospital for 1-1/2 years, later ran a drug store. I joined SJVNL under the project employment provision for skilled project-affected families. Here I support Out Patient Department (OPD) activities, Mobile Health Van (MHV) services, maintain a stock register, dressings for minor ailments, etc. It’s a pleasure to serve my own people…they are happy also to receive quality treatment and medicines in their village with MHV. The job with RHP, Bayal dispensary has given me economic security as my husband has a job that is temporary. He is teacher in a school at Kumarsein. In the drug store earlier, I was getting about Rs. 15,000 (US$ 300) per month but now I earn Rs. 26,000 (US$ 520) per month. And as a staff member, the project has given me accommodation in the Jhakri staff colony. My child is studying in DPS school. Things are definitely better now.” – Devkumari, Member of landless PAF working as pharmacist, Bayal dispensary SJVNL Silver Jubilee women and child care scheme: (iii) Household related support In order to provide health care to women below poverty level and their children during the ante-natal and Piped water supply and water tankers: In order post-natal period, the project has provided financial to improve water supply and avoid drinking water assistance of Rs. 5,000 (US$ 100) to 25 women at shortage, SJVNL deployed water tankers to villages in both pre- and post-delivery stages. It also enabled the project-affected area. Subsequently, along with the consultation at project cost in a primary health center irrigation and public health departments, it provided or other suitable place in coordination with the project piped drinking water through energized tube wells medical staff or government hospital. In addition, a kit and also installed hand pumps. Piped water supply valued at Rs. 1000 (US$ 20), consisting of nutritional is reported to be a major boon for women as it has food, soaps and other items related to hygiene, was significantly reduced their burden of fetching water provided besides counseling and guidance. from distant sources. 25 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices Provision of toilet kits: To support the total sanitation campaign, the project distributed toilet kits to 2,200 households in the project-affected area, who reported using them. Provision of pressure cookers: To promote forest conservation, SJVNL provided each project-affected family (139 families) with a five-liter pressure cooker to reduce the use of fuel wood from nearby forests. The response from the communities was very positive. Camps for agriculture, horticulture and skill awareness: Farm work is done mainly by women who have attended SJVNL camps for improving skills, farm practices and technologies. The key gender related information from the above described activities is summarised in Table 1 below: Table 1: Gender disaggregated information S. No. Indicator Male Female Total 1 Number of affected landowners 156 11 167 (6.58) 2 Vulnerable families assisted 40 11** 51 (21.57) 3 Sponsorships for technical education 164 31 195 ( 15.89) 4 Merit scholarships provided 63 26 89 (29.21) 5 Number of people given apprentice training 49 8 57 (14.00) 6 Number of people employed by contractors 313 31 344 ( 9.01) 7 Number of people who availed of mobile health van services 23,431 24,636 48,067* (51.25) 8 Number of people who attended medical camps 4,722 1,518 6,240 (24.33) 9 Number people who attended veterinary and horticulture camps 276 169 445 (37.98) Note: Figures in parentheses indicate percentage share of females. *excludes 8937 children;**Families headed by women. 26 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices Additional Welfare Measures to Address Community Concerns SJVNL also addressed other concerns that were Mitigation of impact on structures due to blasting: raised by the community, namely: Although SJVNL applied the latest available technology of underground blasting to minimize Provision of construction grant to 10 project-affected harmful effects on the surface; local persons families at Bayal village: These families had lost their expressed concerns that blasting caused cracks structures but, since they had a second dwelling unit in in their structures. While a study commissioned by the affected panchayat area, they could not be certified SJVNL concluded to the contrary, on the villagers’ as houseless. Recognizing this as a loss that project- insistence for monetary assistance to repair these affected families could ill-afford, SJVNL adopted a cracks, SJVNL deposited Rs. 57.37 million (US$ humanitarian approach by providing all project-affected 1.14 million) for payment as compensation to more families with a construction grant of Rs.1,80,000 than 5,700 families in the project-affected area, as (US$ 3,600) to upgrade their houses. recommended by a district committee. 27 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices “Though these water sprinkling trucks are paid by us i.e. by the project, village communities, through the Pradhan, monitor the daily sprinkling. Often during the farming season we get calls to operate them even late in the evening or night and we do so”… – Project Engineer, RHP “Farmers in our village (Bayal and Koyal) keep calling to inform me regarding the sprinkling of water for dust suppression. We are in constant touch with the project engineer who immediately acts upon our intimation”… – Pradhan, Gadej Panchayat Mitigation of impact on crops due to dust: To However, to supplement the compensation, SJVNL mitigate the impact of dust from construction on farm also took preventive measures with two water tankers, productivity and damage to crops, which constitute the carrying 5,000 liters in total, to make four trips around main livelihood source in the area, SJVNL deposited the area and sprinkled 20,000 liters each day, depending compensation with the district administration, to be on the harvest and rainy season. Village communities disbursed to those affected. monitor this initiative, informing the panchayat Pradhan of shortfalls, which the project automatically rectifies. 28 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices Implementation Practices in SJVNL’s Nathpa Jhakri Hydroelectric Project13 The Nathpa Jhakri Hydroelectric Project (NJHP) is the innovative measures during later part of the project first hydropower project constructed by SJVNL while implementation and the same are being continued Rampur Hydropower Project is the second hydropower post commissioning of the project also under the project to be constructed by SJVNL. NJHP is a 1500 community development fund that has been set up by MW run of the river project located on River Sutlej, in SJVNL for the project area; Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh. A Memorandum of Understanding for execution of the project was Special package for landless project-affected families: signed between GoI and Government of Himachal SJVNL acquired 224 hectares of private Pradesh in July 1991. The World Bank had provided land from 480 families, rendering 62 families landless - financing for the construction of the project in March landholding of less than 5 bighas (0.3760 ha) 1989. The project was commissioned in May 2004. post-acquisition. The district administration found that the actual number of landless project-affected families To respond to the demands and expectations of the had increased from 62 to 120, of which 61 families had local people, SJVNL has implemented the following already been provided employment with the project. 13 SJVNL was known as Nathpa Jhakri Power Corporation (NJPC) at the time of construction of this project. 29 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices Since SJVNL was a single project organization (at contribution of the project in improving their overall that time) with limited employment potential, this led to living standards with the following outcomes: litigation seeking enhancement of compensation and provision of employment. Thus, SJVNL proposed a • permanent houses replaced temporary structures in special assistance package for economic rehabilitation a small yet developed colony; of the remaining 59 landless project-affected families, • full-fledged medical facility set up; which comprised a lump-sum between Rs. 0.20 million • provision of electricity, including street lighting, (US$ 4,00014) to Rs. 0.30 million (US$ 6,000) as an internal approach paths, sewerage and drainage; income enhancement measure, while retaining their • free piped water supply; and entitlement for employment with the NJHP, whenever • resettled families own assets such as refrigerator, vacancies arose. So far 55 project-affected families television, gas stove, and mobile phone. have opted for this special package and have utilized the amount for income generation. Community Development Activities. During the implementation of this project, SJVNL implemented Resettlement colony at NJHP: For resettlement, a number of measures for the benefit of the local SJVNL offered displaced families two choices: communities. Some of those activities includes (i) running of uninterrupted mobile health van since • self-relocation with a grant to construct a house up January 2000, to promote health and hygiene to 45 sq. m.; or awareness and provide treatment15; (ii) financial • shift to a house of 45 sq. m. at the Jhakri support of Rs. 80 million for the construction of 200 Resettlement Colony. bed hospital in Rampur which is now serving as an important referral hospital in the region; (iii) providing The project developed a resettlement colony of merit scholarships for pursuing higher and professional 25 units with two bedrooms, attached bathroom, toilet courses; (iv) support to welfare programs such as and kitchen, each unit costing approximately Rs. 0.5 awareness camps to the villagers in agricultural, million (US$ 10,000). Twenty-three families belonging horticultural and veterinary practices through local to the same village, Jhakri, continued to live close universities, grants to Mahila Mandals, support for to their original habitation and acknowledged the drinking water facilities, etc. We had about 3-5 bighas of balance land. Earlier.. we had a small temporary structure. This house in the Resettlement Colony is much better. .yes, internal paths, street lighting, piped water supply – this was not there. Water is free, good quality. Maintainence is not a problem. We phone if there is a need. We pay Rs. 700 (US$ 14) for electricity; doctor, medicine is also nearby. Also males in our family are working with the project or contractors – Kamla Devi and Sarvati Devi, Residents, Jhakri Resettlement Colony 14 Exchange rate used is US$ 1 = Rs. 50, while the actual figures in US$ will be higher 15 Given the location of project in an underdeveloped area with limited availability of good quality medical facilities, SJVNL commissioned its first mobile health van in 2000 which: (i) visited affected villages four days a week and provided consultation and medicines; (ii) organized medical camps at schools and villages; (iii) afforded easy access and extra diagnostic facilities and free medicines for residents; and (iv) helped improve health status and awareness of preventive practices for common ailments 30 Rampur Hydropower Project Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Community Development Practices Community Development Fund: Based on the sports, drinking water, etc. Since then the Community experience gained in the implementation of small Development Fund has supported: (i) infrastructure infrastructure facilities and other welfare program such as school building, playground, village paths, during the project implementation, SJVNL set community buildings; (ii) scholarship scheme to up a Community Development Fund in 2003 to children of project-affected families pursuing vocational make available a dedicated fund for infrastructure and professional courses and fee concession to development in the neighbouring villages. The children of project-affected families in the project SJVNL management approved the setting up of this school, namely Delhi Public School (DPS) Jhakri; (iii) fund in 2003 with an annual budget of Rs. 15 million infrastructure aids and facilities to schools; (iv) mobile per year. Out of this, Rs. 10 million is earmarked health vans and health camps; (v) agriculture and for infrastructure works in the affected villages and horticulture camps; (vi) apprenticeship schemes for the balance Rs 5 million is earmarked for welfare youth; (vii) water supply schemes; and (viii) sports and activities such as health services, merit scholarships, cultural activities. 31 View of Intake (Top) and Power House (Bottom) of Rampur Hydropower Project