Page 1 2 {olGyl}vs|{pvuhy€Gnv}lyutlu{G vmG?hu?pihyG t?•?š›™ G–?Gl‹œŠˆ›?–•Gˆ•‹G}–Šˆ›?–•ˆ“G{™ˆ?•?•?G G ?hu?pihyGzljvukhy€Glk|jh{pvuGwyvqlj{G O?zlwPG G Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) qˆ•œˆ™ SGYWW^G E1561 Page 2 3 7DEOH\03RI\03 &RQWHQWV \03 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................5 1.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................5 1.2 Purpose of the Environmental and Social Management Framework .....................................5 1.3 Principles of the ESMF ..............................................................................................................8 1.4 Preparation of the ESMF ...........................................................................................................8 1.5 Layout of this ESMF Report ..............................................................................................................8 CHAPTER TWO: DESCRIPTION OF THE ZSEP ACTVITIES ...............................................9 2.1 Project Development Objectives ................................................................................................9 2.2: Components of the ZSEP ..........................................................................................................10 CHAPTER THREE: BASELINE DATA .........................................................................................14 3.1 Size and Geographical Location ..............................................................................................14 3.2: Population and settlement patterns .........................................................................................15 3.3: Climate .......................................................................................................................................16 3.4: Soils ............................................................................................................................................16 3.5: Ecology .......................................................................................................................................17 3.6: Socio-economic profile .............................................................................................................17 CHAPTER FOUR: POLICY FRAMEWORKS IN ZSEP ...........................................................22 4.1 Administrative and Regulatory Frameworks in Education ..................................................22 4.2: Framework for Environmental Management .........................................................................24 4.3 World Bank’s Safeguard Policies ............................................................................................29 4.4 Impact Screening under World Bank and RGZ Procedures........................................................33 4.5 Comparison of World Bank and RGZ Policies on Environment and Social Impact Assessment 35 4.6 Disclosure ..................................................................................................................................35 CHAPTER FIVE : THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROCESS ..........................36 5.1 Generic Environmental Concerns ...........................................................................................36 5.2 Generic Social Concerns ..........................................................................................................45 5.3 Potential Impacts of the ZSEP ...............................................................................................46 5.4 Procedure for Impact Assessment under ZSEP ......................................................................54 5.5 Procedure for Impact Mitigation under ZSEP .......................................................................59 5.6: Procedure for Monitoring of the ESMF ..................................................................................61 CHAPTER SIX: ASSESSMENT OF CAPCAITY IN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ESMF ....63 6.1 Analysis of Institutional Roles and capacity building needs .................................................63 6.2: Requisite Capacity Building ..........................................................................................................64 Page 3 4 C HAPTER SEVEN: ASSSESSMENT OF REQUISITE FINANCES..................................................67 7 .1: O verview of the budget................................................................................................................67 7.2: Total costs.........................................................................................................................................69 BIBLIOGRAPHY.......................................................................................................................................69 ANNEXES ..................................................................................................................................................72 Page 4 5 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 O VERVIEW {?ŒG yŒ?–“œ›?–•ˆ™ G n–?Œ™•”Œ•›G –?G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G Oyn?PG ?ˆšG ™Œ˜œŒš›Œ‹G “–ˆ•šG–™GŠ™Œ‹?›šG?™–”G›?ŒG~–™“‹Giˆ•’G?–™G›?ŒG?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G–?G›?ŒG —™–—–šŒ‹G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G zŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G l‹œŠˆ›?–•G —™–‘ŒŠ›UG {??šG ™Œ—–™›G ?šG ›?ŒG l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gz–Š?ˆ“Gtˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›Gm™ˆ”Œ?–™’GOlztmPG›–G‰ŒGœšŒ‹G ?–™G›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›SG?•G–™‹Œ™G›–GŒ•šœ™ŒG›?ˆ›Gˆ““GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gš–Š?ˆ“G šˆ?Œ?œˆ™‹šGˆ™ŒGˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ Gˆ‹‹™ŒššŒ‹G‰ G›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›GŠ–”—–•Œ•›šUG G 1.2 P URPOSE OF THE E NVIRONMENTAL AND S OCIAL M ANAGEMENT F RAMEWORK {?ŒGˆŠ›???›?ŒšG–?G›?ŒG?zlwGŒ•Š–”—ˆššŒšaG{?ŒG—™–—–šŒ‹G?•›Œ™?Œ•›?–•G ??““G?–ŠœšG–•G?–œ™G”ˆ?•G–œ›—œ›šG•ˆ”Œ“ aGO?PGp”—™–?Œ‹GˆŠŠŒššG›–Gˆ•‹G Œ˜œ?› G ?•G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•bG O??PG p”—™–?Œ‹G ˜œˆ“?› G –?G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•bGO???PGjˆ—ˆŠ?› Giœ?“‹?•?G?–™G›?ŒGŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•Gš š›Œ”bGˆ•‹GO??PG op}VhpkzSGnŒ•‹Œ™Gˆ•‹Gl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gh?ˆ™Œ•ŒššGˆ•‹GzŒ•š?›?¡ˆ›?–•UGG G {?ŒG Š–™ŒG Š–”—–•Œ•›šG ?•?–“??•?G ?•?™ˆš›™œŠ›œ™ŒG ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G ?•Š“œ‹ŒaG j–”—–•Œ•›G ?–ŠœšŒ‹G –•G ?”—™–??•?G ˆŠŠŒššG ˆ•‹G Œ˜œ?› G ›–G zŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G l‹œŠˆ›?–•G›?™–œ??aG G · {?ŒGŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•G–?G›Œ•GšŒ•?–™GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GšŠ?––“šSGŒ???›G–?G›?ŒšŒGˆ™ŒG “–Šˆ›Œ‹G?•G™œ™ˆ“Gˆ™ŒˆšGˆ•‹G??““G›?Œ™Œ?–™ŒG?•Š“œ‹ŒG?–š›Œ“G ˆŠŠ–””–‹ˆ›?–•GOXWWGš—ˆŠŒšG?–™G”ˆ“ŒšGˆ•‹GXWWGš—ˆŠŒšG?–™G?Œ”ˆ“ŒšPG ˆ•‹Gš›ˆ??G?–œš?•?GOXWGz›ˆ??G?–œšŒšPUG{?ŒG–›?Œ™G›?–Gˆ™ŒG“–Šˆ›Œ‹G?•G œ™‰ˆ•Gˆ™ŒˆšGˆ•‹G??““G•–›G™Œ˜œ?™ŒG™Œš?‹Œ•›?ˆ“G?ˆŠ?“?›?ŒšG‰œ›G??““G‰ŒG “ˆ™?Œ™GOY[GŠ“ˆšš™––”šGˆšGŠ–”—ˆ™Œ‹G›–GXYGŠ“ˆšš™––”šPGˆ•‹G??““G‰ŒG ™Œ˜œ?™Œ‹G›–G‰ŒG”œ“›?Tš›–™Œ G‰œ?“‹?•?šG‹œŒG›–G›?ŒGš?–™›ˆ?ŒG–?G“ˆ•‹UG G · {?ŒGŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•G–?G•?•ŒG‘œ•?–™GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GšŠ?––“šGOm–™”šGpG›–Gp}PG ??›?G[G“–Šˆ›Œ‹G–•GwŒ”‰ˆGˆ•‹G\G“–Šˆ›Œ‹G–•G|•?œ‘ˆUG{?–G–?G›?ŒšŒG O–•ŒG–•GŒˆŠ?G?š“ˆ•‹PG??““G‰ŒG?•Gœ™‰ˆ•Gˆ™ŒˆšGˆ•‹G??““G‰ŒG™Œ˜œ?™Œ‹G›–G‰ŒG ”œ“›?Tš›–™Œ G‰œ?“‹?•?šUG{?™ŒŒG–?G›?ŒGšŠ?––“šG–•G|•?œ‘ˆGˆ•‹G–•ŒG–?G ›?–šŒG–•GwŒ”‰ˆG??““G‰ŒG_TŠ“ˆšš™––”GšŠ?––“šbG›?ŒG™Œ”ˆ?•‹Œ™G??““G‰ŒG XYTŠ“ˆšš™––”UG G Page 5 6 · {?ŒGŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•G–?GˆG•Œ?G›ŒˆŠ?Œ™G›™ˆ?•?•?GŠ–““Œ?ŒG–•GwŒ”‰ˆUG{??šG ??““G?ˆ?ŒG?Œ™ Gš?”?“ˆ™GˆŠŠ–””–‹ˆ›?–•G›–GˆGšŒ•?–™GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GšŠ?––“G XY Š“ˆšš™––”šSGZGšŠ?Œ•ŠŒG“ˆ‰–™ˆ›–™?ŒšSGXGŠ–”—œ›Œ™G“ˆ‰–™ˆ›–™ SG ”œ“›?—œ™—–šŒG?ˆ““SG“?‰™ˆ™ SGYWWG?–š›Œ“Gš—ˆŠŒšGˆ•‹GXWGš›ˆ??G?–œšŒšSGTG —“œšGˆ•Š?““ˆ™ G?ˆŠ?“?›?ŒšUGG G · {?ŒG™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G–?G›?™ŒŒGšŠ?––“šG–•GwŒ”‰ˆGˆ•‹G›?™ŒŒGšŠ?––“šG?•G z›–•ŒG{–?•UG{?ŒG™ˆ›?–•ˆ“ŒG?–™G›?ŒGšŒ“ŒŠ›?–•G–?G›?ŒšŒGšŠ?––“šG?šG›?ˆ›G ›?Œ G™Œ—™ŒšŒ•›G›?ŒG”–™ŒGŠ–”—“ŒŸGšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GšŠ?––“šG ”œ“›?Tš›–™Œ G Š–•š›™œŠ›?–•SG‹????Šœ“›Gš?›ŒšSGˆ•‹G??š›–™?ŠG‰œ?“‹?•?šUG G p•G–™‹Œ™G›–G?•Š™ŒˆšŒG›?ŒGšœ——“ G–?G›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šGŒš—ŒŠ?ˆ““ G?–™GwŒ”‰ˆSG›?ŒG —™–‘ŒŠ›G ??““G šœ——–™›G j–•š›™œŠ›?–•G –?G ˆG •Œ?G ?ˆŠ?“?› G ?–™G iŒ•‘ˆ”?•G t’ˆ—ˆG{ŒˆŠ?Œ™G{™ˆ?•?•?Gj–““Œ?ŒG?•GwŒ”‰ˆUGGv›?Œ™GŠ–”—–•Œ•›šG??““G ?–ŠœšG–•Gxœˆ“?› Gp”—™–?Œ”Œ•›G›?™–œ??G—™–??š?–•G–?G?•—œ›šGˆ?”Œ‹Gˆ›G ?”—™–??•?G ›?ŒG ˜œˆ“?› G –?G Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•G ›?™–œ??G —™–??š?–•G –?G ›ŒŸ›‰––’šSG ™Œ?Œ™Œ•ŠŒG ‰––’šSG Œ˜œ?—”Œ•›SG ˆ•‹G ›™ˆ?•?•?G –?G ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šG ›?™–œ??G ‰–›?G —™ŒTšŒ™??ŠŒGˆ•‹G?•TšŒ™??ŠŒG›™ˆ?•?•?Gˆ•‹G?”—™–??•?G›?ŒGŠˆ—ˆŠ?› G–?G›?ŒG ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™G›™ˆ?•?•?G?•š›?›œ›?–•šUG{–GŒ•?ˆ•ŠŒG›?ŒG˜œˆ“?› G–?G›ŒˆŠ??•?Gˆ›G›?ŒG šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G“Œ?Œ“SG›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›G??““G—™–??‹ŒGšœ——–™›G?–™G—™ŒTšŒ™??ŠŒGˆ•‹G ?•TšŒ™??ŠŒG›™ˆ?•?•?G–?G›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šG–?Œ™GˆG???ŒG Œˆ™G—Œ™?–‹UGG G {?ŒG Š–”—–•Œ•›šG –?G ›?ŒG —™–‘ŒŠ›G ˆ™ŒG ‹ŒšŠ™?‰Œ‹G ?•G ”–™ŒG ‹Œ›ˆ?“G ?•G j?ˆ—›Œ™GYUGo–?Œ?Œ™SGš?•ŠŒG›?ŒG??•ˆ“G“–Šˆ›?–•šG?–™G›?ŒšŒG•Œ?GšŠ?––“šG ˆ™ŒGˆšG Œ›G•–›G?‹Œ•›???Œ‹SGv—Œ™ˆ›?–•ˆ“Gw–“?Š G[UWXG–?G›?ŒG~–™“‹Giˆ•’G ™Œ˜œ?™ŒšG ›?ŒG yn?G ›–G —™Œ—ˆ™ŒG ˆ•G l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ˆ•‹G z–Š?ˆ“G tˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G m™ˆ”Œ?–™’G OlztmPG ›–G šŠ™ŒŒ•G ?–™G ˆ•‹G ”ˆ•ˆ?ŒG ›?ŒG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gš–Š?ˆ“G?”—ˆŠ›šG–?G›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›SGˆ•‹G›–Gš›™ˆ›Œ??Šˆ““ G ”ˆ•ˆ?ŒG ?›šG –?Œ™ˆ““G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ˆ•‹G š–Š?ˆ“G ?”—ˆŠ›UG {?ŒG lztmG ?šG ‰ˆšŒ‹G –•G ›?ŒG ˆ?”G –?G ?œ““ G ”ˆ?•š›™Œˆ”?•?G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ˆ•‹G š–Š?ˆ“G Š–•š?‹Œ™ˆ›?–•šG?•›–G›?ŒG—ˆ™›?Š?—ˆ›–™ G—™–ŠŒššG?–™G?‹Œ•›?? ?•?SG—“ˆ••?•?SG ?”—“Œ”Œ•›?•?Gˆ•‹G”–•?›–™?•?GˆŠ›???›?ŒšG–™Gšœ‰T—™–‘ŒŠ›šUGG G {?ŒG yn?G ?šG ?œ™›?Œ™G ™Œ˜œ?™Œ‹G ›–G ‹?šŠ“–šŒG ›?ŒG lztmG ‹–Šœ”Œ•›G ?•T Š–œ•›™ GˆšGˆGš›ˆ•‹Gˆ“–•ŒG‹–Šœ”Œ•›Gš–G›?ˆ›G?›GŠˆ•G‰ŒGˆŠŠŒššŒ‹G‰ G›?ŒG ?Œ•Œ™ˆ“G—œ‰“?ŠSG“–Šˆ“GŠ–””œ•?›?ŒšSG—–›Œ•›?ˆ“G—™–‘ŒŠ›Tˆ??ŒŠ›Œ‹G?™–œ—šSG “–Šˆ“Gunv š ˆ•‹Gˆ““G–›?Œ™Gš›ˆ’Œ?–“‹Œ™šGˆšG?Œ““GˆšGˆ›G›?ŒGp•?–š?–—G–?G ›?ŒG~–™“‹Giˆ•’UGGG G Page 6 7 1.3 P RINCIPLES OF THE ESMF G {?ŒGlztmG?ˆšG‰ŒŒ•G—™Œ—ˆ™Œ‹G–•G›?ŒG‰ˆš?šG–?G›?ŒG?–““–??•?G—™?•Š?—“ŒšUG m?™š›“ SG›??šGlztmSGˆ•‹G›?ŒG~–™“‹Giˆ•’Gšˆ?Œ?œˆ™‹G—–“?Š?ŒšSGˆ™ŒG›ˆ’Œ•G ˆšGˆ•G–——–™›œ•?› G›–GŠ–•›™?‰œ›ŒG›–G›?ŒG–‰‘ŒŠ›??ŒšG–?G›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›šSGˆ•‹G ›?Œ?™G ?•›Œ•‹Œ‹G ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G –?G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™ š —–“?Š G –•G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›G ›?™–œ??G ›?ŒG ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G –?G ›?ŒG ~–™“‹G iˆ•’G šˆ?Œ?œˆ™‹G —–“?Š G –•G l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“GhššŒšš”Œ•›UGzŒŠ–•‹“ SGšœš›ˆ?•ˆ‰“ŒG‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G?šG›?ŒG œ•‹Œ™“ ?•?G—??“–š–—? G›–G›?ŒGuˆ›?–•ˆ“GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gw–“?Š GOulwPG–?G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™UG{?Œ™Œ?–™ŒG›??šGlztmG?šG‹Œš??•Œ‹G?•G–™‹Œ™G›–G”ˆŸ?”?¡ŒG›?ŒG Š–•›™?‰œ›?–•G–?G›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›šG›–Gšœš›ˆ?•ˆ‰“ŒG‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G–?GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G ?•?™ˆš›™œŠ›œ™ŒG?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G?•G“?•ŒG??›?G•ˆ›?–•ˆ“G—–“?Š Gˆš—?™ˆ›?–•šG?–™GˆG ?Œˆ“›? G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›G m–™G ŒŸˆ”—“ŒSG ?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G –?G ›?ŒG ?zlwG ?ˆšG —–›Œ•›?ˆ“G ›–G Š–•›™?‰œ›ŒG ›–G Šˆ—ˆŠ?› G ?–™G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G ‹–?•G ›–G ?™ˆšš™––›šG “Œ?Œ“G ?•G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ›?™–œ??G —ˆ™›•Œ™?•?G ??›?G ˆ““G š›ˆ’Œ?–“‹Œ™šG?•Gš›ŒŒ™?•?G—™–‘ŒŠ›G‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›UGG G 1.4 P REPARATION OF THE ESMF G {??šG lztmG ?šG ›?ŒG ™Œšœ“›G –?G ˆG —™Œ—ˆ™ˆ›?–•G š›œ‹ G ??›?G ›?ŒG ?–““–??•?G –‰‘ŒŠ›??ŒšaG G ƒ {–GˆššŒššG›?ŒG—–›Œ•›?ˆ“Gˆ™ŒˆšG–?GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gš–Š?ˆ“G?”—ˆŠ›G–?G ›?ŒG—™–—–šŒ‹G?zlwGw™–‘ŒŠ›bG ƒ {–G ?•?–™”G ›?ŒG —™–‘ŒŠ›G —™Œ—ˆ™ˆ›?–•G —™–ŠŒššG –?G ›?ŒG —–›Œ•›?ˆ“G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gš–Š?ˆ“G?”—ˆŠ›šG–?G—–›Œ•›?ˆ“G—™–‘ŒŠ›GˆŠ›???›?ŒšGˆ•‹G —™–—–šŒG™Œ“Œ?ˆ•›G”?›??ˆ›?–•G”Œˆšœ™ŒšbG ƒ {–G Œš›ˆ‰“?š?G Š“Œˆ™G ‹?™ŒŠ›??ŒšG ˆ•‹G ”Œ›?–‹–“–??ŒšG ?–™G ›?ŒG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gš–Š?ˆ“GšŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G–?G—™–‘ŒŠ›GˆŠ›???›?ŒšG›?ˆ›G??““G‰ŒG šœ——–™›Œ‹G‰ G›?ŒG—™–—–šŒ‹G—™–‘ŒŠ›UGG G {?ŒG ’Œ G ‹Œ“??Œ™ˆ‰“ŒG –?G ›??šG š›œ‹ G ?šG ›??šG lztmG yŒ—–™›SG ˆ•‹G ˆ•G ˆŠŠ–”—ˆ• ?•?G yŒšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›G w–“?Š G m™ˆ”Œ?–™’SG ‰–›?G ˆ‹‹™Œšš?•?G ›?ŒG ?zlwGw™–‘ŒŠ›UG G 1.4.1 Activities completed in preparation of the ESMF hŠ›???›?ŒšGŠ–”—“Œ›Œ‹G‹œ™?•?G›?ŒG—™Œ—ˆ™ˆ›?–•G›–G‹ˆ›ŒG?•Š“œ‹ŒaG G ƒ mˆ”?“?ˆ™?¡ˆ›?–•G??›?G‰ˆŠ’?™–œ•‹G‹–Šœ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•bG Page 7 8 ƒ h ??Œ“‹G??š?›G›–G—™–—–šŒ‹G?zlwG—™–‘ŒŠ›Gš?›ŒšG?•G‰–›?G|•?œ•‘ˆGˆ•‹G wŒ”‰ˆG ˆ•‹G ?•Š“œ‹?•?G ”ŒŒ›?•?šG ??›?G m?Œ“‹G v???ŠŒ™šSG jivG ™Œ—™ŒšŒ•›ˆ›??ŒšG ?ˆšG œ•‹Œ™›ˆ’Œ•G ?™–”G XY 388.4 682.2 8.0 8.0 0 : ›? G ›–G YY 438.7 682.2 8.0 9.8 0 : •‹ G kŒŠŒ”‰Œ™SG YWW]UGG ƒ\03 tŒŒ›?•?šG ??›?G —™–‘ŒŠ›G š›ˆ??G ?•G ›?ŒG t?•?š›™ G –?G l‹œŠˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G }–Šˆ›?–•ˆ“G {™ˆ?•?•?G ˆ•‹G –›?Œ™G ™Œ“Œ?ˆ•›G ˆ™”šG –?G ›?ŒG yŒ?–“œ›?–•ˆ™ Gn–?Œ™•”Œ•›G–?G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G›––’G—“ˆŠŒGˆ›G›?ŒGšˆ”ŒG ›?”ŒUG ƒ\03 w™Œ—ˆ™ˆ›?–•G–?G›??šGlztmG™Œ—–™›UG G 1.5 L AYOUT OF THIS ESMF R EPORT G {??šGlztmG™Œ—–™›G?šGš›™œŠ›œ™Œ‹GˆšG?–““–?šUG j?ˆ—›Œ™Gv•ŒaG p•›™–‹œŠ›?–•GO›??šGšŒŠ›?–•PG j?ˆ—›Œ™G{?–aG kŒšŠ™?—›?–•G–?G›?ŒGw™–‘ŒŠ›Gˆ•‹Gšœ‰TŠ–”—–•Œ•›šGG j?ˆ—›Œ™G{?™ŒŒaG G{?ŒGiˆšŒ“?•ŒGl•??™–•”Œ•›G j?ˆ—›Œ™Gm–œ™aG Gw–“?Š Gˆ•‹GsŒ?ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gp•š›?›œ›?–•ˆ“Gm™ˆ”Œ?–™’šGGG j?ˆ—›Œ™Gm??ŒaG {?ŒGl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gz–Š?ˆ“Gtˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›Gw“ˆ•G j?ˆ—›Œ™Gz?ŸaG jˆ—ˆŠ?› GhššŒšš”Œ•›G?–™Gp”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G j?ˆ—›Œ™GzŒ?Œ•aG GlztmGp”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•Giœ‹?Œ›GO›–G‰ŒG—™Œ—ˆ™Œ‹PG G G h••ŒŸŒšG—™–??‹ŒaG ½GhG“?š›G–?G—Œ–—“ŒG”Œ›G‹œ™?•?GlztmG—™Œ—ˆ™ˆ›?–•GOh••ŒŸGhPbG ½Gp›?•Œ™ˆ™ G–?G›?ŒG—™Œ—ˆ™ˆ›?–•Gš›œ‹ G??Œ“‹G??š?›šGOh••ŒŸGiPbG ½GhG‹ŒšŠ™?—›?–•G–?Gš›ˆ’Œ?–“‹Œ™GŠ–•šœ“›ˆ›?–•GŠˆ™™?Œ‹G–œ›G›–G‹ˆ›ŒGOh••ŒŸG kPbG ½Gw™–—–šŒ‹G{Œ™”šG–?GyŒ?Œ™Œ•ŠŒG?–™GˆGw™–‘ŒŠ›GyŒ—–™›GOh••ŒŸGlPbG ½Gnœ?‹Œ“?•ŒšG–•GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gš–Š?ˆ“G?”—ˆŠ›šG–?Gšœ‰T—™–‘ŒŠ›G› —ŒšG Oh••ŒŸGmPbGˆ•‹G G Page 8 9 CHAPTER TWO: DESCRIPTION OF THE ZSEP ACTVITIES 2.1 P ROJECT D EVELOPMENT O BJECTIVES yŒˆ“?¡ˆ›?–•G›?ˆ›G?•ˆ‹Œ˜œˆŠ G–?Gš’?““šG?•Gl•?“?š?G—–šŒšGˆG”ˆ‘–™G‰ˆ™™?Œ™G ›–G›?ŒGŒ??ŒŠ›??ŒGŒŠ–•–”?ŠG”ˆ?•š›™Œˆ”?•?G–?G{ˆ•¡ˆ•?ˆ•šG–•G›?ŒGpš“ŒšSG ›?ŒGyŒ?–“œ›?–•ˆ™ Gn–?Œ™•”Œ•›G–?G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™GOyn?PGœ•‹Œ™›––’G?•T‹Œ—›?G ˆ•ˆ“ š?šG –?G ›?ŒG ”ˆ‘–™G Š–•š›™ˆ?•›šG ˆ•‹G Š?ˆ““Œ•?ŒšG ˆ??ŒŠ›?•?G ›?ŒG Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•GšŒŠ›–™Gˆ•‹G—œ‰“?š?Œ‹G›??šG?•GYWW\GˆšG›?ŒG?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™Gl‹œŠˆ›?–•G zŒŠ›–™Gj–œ•›™ Gz›ˆ›œšGyŒ—–™›GO?lzjzyPUGGh›GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G“Œ?Œ“SG?lzjzyG ?‹Œ•›???Œ‹G›?ŒG?–““–??•?G?ššœŒšaGG G ƒ\03 p•ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›ŒGˆŠŠŒššUGGv•“ G›?™ŒŒG•Œ?G‹Œš??•ˆ›Œ‹GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GšŠ?––“šG ?ˆ?ŒG‰ŒŒ•G‰œ?“›Gš?•ŠŒG?•‹Œ—Œ•‹Œ•ŠŒGˆ•‹G•–•ŒG?ˆ?ŒG‰ŒŒ•G‰œ?“›G?–™G ›?ŒG—ˆš›G???›ŒŒ•G Œˆ™šHGGt–š›G–?G›?ŒGšŠ?––“šG–—Œ™ˆ›ŒG‹–œ‰“ŒTš???›G ˆ•‹SG‹Œš—?›ŒG›??šSGˆ?Œ™ˆ?ŒGŠ“ˆššGš?¡ŒG?šG–?Œ™G]WUG ƒ\03 w––™Gl•?“?š?G“ˆ•?œˆ?ŒG—™–??Š?Œ•Š UGG{?ŒG“ˆ•?œˆ?ŒG–?G?•š›™œŠ›?–•G?•G —™?”ˆ™ GšŠ?––“G?šGr?š?ˆ??“?Gˆ•‹G”ˆ• Gš›œ‹Œ•›šGˆ™ŒGœ•ˆ‰“ŒG›–GŠ–—ŒG ??›?G ›?ŒG ›™ˆ•š?›?–•G ›–G ›ŒˆŠ??•?G ?•G l•?“?š?G ˆ›G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G “Œ?Œ“UG G p•G ˆ‹‹?›?–•SG”ˆ• GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šG?ˆ?ŒG—––™Gš’?““šG?•Gl•?“?š?UG ƒ\03 |•‹Œ™T˜œˆ“???Œ‹G ˆ•‹G œ•˜œˆ“???Œ‹G ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šUG G v•“ G \_LG –?G ›?ŒG ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šG ?•G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G šŠ?––“šG ˆ™ŒG ˜œˆ“???Œ‹G ˆ•‹G ›?Œ™ŒG ˆ™ŒG ˆŠœ›ŒG š?–™›ˆ?ŒšG –?G ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šG ?•G l•?“?š?SG ”ˆ›?Œ”ˆ›?ŠšG ˆ•‹G šŠ?Œ•ŠŒUG G p•G ˆ‹‹?›?–•SG›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šGˆ™ŒG‹Œ—“– Œ‹G?•Œ???Š?Œ•›“ UG ƒ\03 sˆŠ’G –?G ›ŒˆŠ??•?V“Œˆ™•?•?G ”ˆ›Œ™?ˆ“šUG G t–l}{G ‹–ŒšG •–›G —™–??‹ŒG ›ŒŸ›‰––’šSG ˆ•‹G “ˆ‰–™ˆ›–™ G ˆ•‹G pj{G Œ˜œ?—”Œ•›G ?šG ?•G ?Œ™ G š?–™›G šœ——“ UG G zœ‰šŒ˜œŒ•›“ SGšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G?ˆšG?‹Œ•›???Œ‹GˆšG›?ŒG”–š›Gœ™?Œ•›G —™?–™?› G?–™G™Œ?–™”Gˆ•‹G‰ˆšŒ‹G–•G›?ŒG?lzjzySGt–l}{G?ˆšG‹Œ?Œ“–—Œ‹G ˆG •Œ?G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G l‹œŠˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G {™ˆ?•?•?G w–“?Š G O?l{wPG ???Š?G ˆ‹‹™ŒššŒ‹Gš›™œŠ›œ™ŒGˆ•‹G?–ŠœšG?–™GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•Gˆ•‹G?ˆšG‰ŒŒ•Gˆ——™–?Œ‹G ‰ G ›?ŒG ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G o–œšŒG –?G yŒ—™ŒšŒ•›ˆ›??ŒšUG G ?l{wG ?šG ˆ“š–G šŒŒ•G ›–G šœ——–™›G ›?ŒG ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™ šG w–?Œ™› G yŒ‹œŠ›?–•G z›™ˆ›Œ? G w“ˆ•G Otr|?hPG –‰‘ŒŠ›??ŒG –?G Œ•šœ™?•?G Œ˜œ?›ˆ‰“ŒG ˆŠŠŒššG ›–G ‹Œ”ˆ•‹T‹™??Œ•G ˜œˆ“?› G Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•G???Š?G?šG?Œ•‹Œ™G™Œš—–•š??ŒUG G yŒŠ–?•?¡?•?G ›?ˆ›G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•G ‰Œ•Œ??›šG ›?ŒG  –œ•?G —Œ–—“ŒG ™ŒŠŒ???•?G ?›G ˆ•‹G ›?ŒG Š–œ•›™ G —™–??‹?•?G ?›SG t–l}{G ?ˆšG ?‹Œ•›???Œ‹G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•GˆšG?›šG????Œš›G—™?–™?› Gˆ•‹G™Œ˜œŒš›Œ‹G›?ŒG~–™“‹GG Page 9 10 iˆ•’G›–G“Œˆ‹G—ˆ™›•Œ™šG?•Gšœ——–™›?•?G›??šGšœ‰GšŒŠ›–™UGG{?ŒG‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G –‰‘ŒŠ›??ŒG?šG›–G?”—™–?ŒGŠ–”—“Œ›?–•G–?G“–?Œ™GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G??›?G šœŠŠŒšš?œ“G—Œ™?–™”ˆ•ŠŒGˆ”–•?Gš›œ‹Œ•›šUGG GG 2.2: C OMPONENTS OF THE ZSEP {–G ˆ‹‹™ŒššG ”–™ŒG ?””Œ‹?ˆ›ŒG •ŒŒ‹šSG ›?ŒG —™–—–šŒ‹G ?•›Œ™?Œ•›?–•G ??““G ?–ŠœšG–•G?–œ™G”ˆ?•G–œ›—œ›šG•ˆ”Œ“ aGG ƒ\03 p”—™–?Œ‹GˆŠŠŒššG›–Gˆ•‹GŒ˜œ?› G?•GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•bG ƒ\03 p”—™–?Œ‹G˜œˆ“?› G–?GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•bGG ƒ\03 jˆ—ˆŠ?› Giœ?“‹?•?G?–™G›?ŒGŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•Gš š›Œ”UG G {?ŒG ?–““–??•?G Š–”—–•Œ•›šG ˆ•‹G ›?ŒG š—ŒŠ???ŠG ?•—œ›šG ?ˆ?ŒG ‰ŒŒ•G ‹?šŠœššŒ‹G ˆšG —™–—–šˆ“šG ›–G ‰ŒG ‹?šŠœššŒ‹G ˆ•‹G ??•ˆ“?¡Œ‹G ‹œ™?•?G —™Œ—ˆ™ˆ›?–•UG G j–”—–•Œ•›GXaGw™–??š?–•G–?G?•?™ˆš›™œŠ›œ™ŒG›–G?”—™–?ŒGˆŠŠŒššG›–SGˆ•‹G˜œˆ“?› G –?SGšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G GG G {–G ”ŒŒ›G ›?ŒG ‹Œ”ˆ•‹G ?–™G šŠ?––“G ?ˆŠ?“?›?ŒšG ?–™G ›?ŒG •œ”‰Œ™šG Šœ™™Œ•›“ G Œ•™–““Œ‹Gˆ•‹G›–GˆŠŠ–””–‹ˆ›ŒG›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›Œ‹G?•Š™ŒˆšŒG?•GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GšŠ?––“G Œ•™–“”Œ•›SG ›–G ?”—™–?ŒG ˆŠŠ–””–‹ˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G “ˆ‰–™ˆ›–™ G ˆ•‹G Š“ˆšš™––”G ?ˆŠ?“?›?ŒšG?–™Gˆ““Gš›œ‹Œ•›šSGˆ•‹G›–GŒ•šœ™ŒG›?ˆ›Gšœ???Š?Œ•›G•œ”‰Œ™šG–?G›™ˆ?•Œ‹G ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šGˆ™ŒGˆ?ˆ?“ˆ‰“ŒSG›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›G??““Gšœ——–™›aG zœ‰Tj–”—–•Œ•›G XhU GG p•?™ˆš›™œŠ›œ™ŒG ?–™GšŠ?––“š UG {?ŒG Š–•š›™œŠ›?–•G –?G X`G •Œ?GšŠ?––“šSG?•Š“œ‹?•?G_GšŠ?––“šG??›?Gš–”ŒG‰–ˆ™‹?•?G?ˆŠ?“?›?ŒšG›–GšŒ™?ŒG ™Œ”–›ŒG ™œ™ˆ“G Š–””œ•?›?ŒšG ˆ•‹G ZG ??›?G ?ˆŠ?“?›?ŒšG ›–G ”ŒŒ›G ›?ŒG •ŒŒ‹šG –?G š›œ‹Œ•›šG??›?G‹?šˆ‰?“?›?ŒšUG{Œ•G–?G›?ŒšŒGšŠ?––“šG??““G—™–??‹ŒGŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G›–G hT“Œ?Œ“SG ›?ŒG ™Œ”ˆ?•‹Œ™G ??““G —™–??‹ŒG Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•G ›–G vT“Œ?Œ“G O“–?Œ™G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ PUG G h““G šŠ?––“šG ??““G ‰ŒG Š–•š›™œŠ›Œ‹G ??›?G 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™–“ŒG ?•G ›?ŒG ”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›SGšœ—Œ™??š?–•Gˆ•‹G”ˆ?•›Œ•ˆ•ŠŒG–?G›?ŒGšŠ?––“šUGG {?ŒG?•TšŒ™??ŠŒG›™ˆ?•?•?G??““G‰ŒG‹Œ?Œ“–—Œ‹Gˆ•‹G‹Œ“??Œ™Œ‹Gœš?•?G?•š›?›œ›?–•ˆ“G ˆ™™ˆ•?Œ”Œ•›šGˆ“™Œˆ‹ G?ˆ”?“?ˆ™G?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™SG???Š?G?ˆ?ŒG—™–?Œ‹GŒ??ŒŠ›??ŒG?•G Page 11 12 ?•TšŒ™??ŠŒG ›™ˆ?•?•?G –?G œ•˜œˆ“???Œ‹G —™?”ˆ™ G ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šSG ˆ•‹G œ—?™ˆ‹?•?G –?G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šUG G j–œ™šŒšG ??““G ‰ŒG ‹Œ?Œ“–—Œ‹G ‰ G ŒŸ—Œ™›G ?™–œ—šG ?•Š“œ‹?•?G›ŒˆŠ?Œ™G›™ˆ?•Œ™šSG?•š—ŒŠ›–™šSGˆ•‹GŒŸ—Œ™›G›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šUGGkŒ“??Œ™ G??““G ‰ŒG ‹–•ŒG ›?™–œ??G ˆG •Œ›?–™’G –?G ŒŸ?š›?•?G ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™G ŠŒ•›Œ™šSG ‰ G ‹Œš??•ˆ›Œ‹G ŒŸ—Œ™›G›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šG??–G??““G™ŒŠŒ??ŒGš—ŒŠ?ˆ“G›™ˆ?•?•?G›–G—™Œ—ˆ™ŒG›?Œ”G?–™G›??šG ›ˆš’UG{?ŒšŒG?•—œ›šG??““G‰ŒGšœ——–™›Œ‹G‰ G‹?š›ˆ•ŠŒG›ŒˆŠ??•?G”ˆ›Œ™?ˆ“šSGˆ•‹G šœ—Œ™??š?–•G–?G›?ŒG›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šG?•G›?Œ?™GšŠ?––“šUGGj–œ™šŒG—ˆ™›?Š?—ˆ•›šG??““G‰ŒG ˆššŒššŒ‹G–•G›?Œ?™G“Œˆ™•?•?SGˆ•‹GŒˆŠ?GŠ–œ™šŒG??““G‰ŒGŒ?ˆ“œˆ›Œ‹G™Œ?œ“ˆ™“ G ˆ•‹G—™–??š?–•G”ˆ‹ŒG?–™G”–‹???Šˆ›?–•šGˆ›GŒˆŠ?Gš›ˆ?ŒUGGGG z›ˆ??G?™–”G›?ŒG{ŒˆŠ?Œ™G{™ˆ?•?•?Gj–““Œ?ŒšSG›?ŒGz›ˆ›ŒG|•??Œ™š?› G–?G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ˆ•‹G›?ŒG?–•ˆ“G{ŒˆŠ?Œ™GjŒ•›Œ™šG??““G‰ŒGœ›?“?¡Œ‹G›–Gšœ——–™›G›?ŒG—™–?Œšš?–•ˆ“G ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G –?G ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šUG p•G —ˆ™ˆ““Œ“SG ›?ŒG —™ŒTšŒ™??ŠŒG ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™G ›™ˆ?•?•?G Š–œ™šŒšG??““G‰ŒG™Œ??šŒ‹G›–G™Œ?“ŒŠ›G›?ŒG•Œ?GŠœ™™?Šœ“œ”SGˆ•‹G›?ŒG?•Š™ŒˆšŒ‹G œšŒG–?Gl•?“?š?G?•G—™?”ˆ™ GšŠ?––“šUGGt–l}{G??““Gˆ“š–G—™Œ—ˆ™ŒGš›™œŠ›œ™ŒšG›–G Œ•šœ™ŒG –•?–?•?G ”–•?›–™?•?G ˆ•‹G ™Œ?œ“ˆ›?–•G ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™G šœ——“ SG ˆ•‹G ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™G ‹Œ—“– ”Œ•›G—–“?Š?ŒšGˆ•‹G—™ˆŠ›?ŠŒšUGGG zœ‰Tj–”—–•Œ•›G Yi UG w™–??š?–•G –?G ?•š›™œŠ›?–•ˆ“G ”ˆ›Œ™?ˆ“šG ?•G ’Œ G šœ‰‘ŒŠ›šG ?–™Gˆ““GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GšŠ?––“šGˆ•‹Gš›œ‹Œ•›š UGG{??šGšœ‰Š–”—–•Œ•›G??““Gšœ——–™›G ›?ŒG —œ™Š?ˆšŒG ˆ•‹G ‹?š›™?‰œ›?–•G –?G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G šŠ?––“G ›ŒŸ›‰––’šG ?•G ?–œ™ 517.3 408.4 8.0 4.8 0 : X G šœ‰‘ŒŠ›šG?–™Gˆ““Gš›œ‹Œ•›šG?•GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GšŠ?––“UGGp•Gˆ‹‹?›?–•SG›?ŒGŠ–”—–•Œ•›G ??““G šœ——–™›G ›?ŒG —œ™Š?ˆšŒG ˆ•‹G ‹?š›™?‰œ›?–•G –?G šŠ?Œ•›???ŠG Œ˜œ?—”Œ•›G ˆ•‹G Š–•šœ”ˆ‰“ŒšG ›–G ˆ““G šŠ?––“šG ›ŒˆŠ??•?G šŠ?Œ•ŠŒUG G {?ŒG Š–”—–•Œ•›G ??““G ˆ“š–G —œ™Š?ˆšŒGˆ•‹G‹?š›™?‰œ›ŒG“?‰™ˆ™ G‰––’šGˆ•‹G–›?Œ™G“Œˆ™•?•?G”ˆ›Œ™?ˆ“šG?–™Gˆ““G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GšŠ?––“šUGG{?ŒšŒG—œ™Š?ˆšŒšGˆ•‹G›?ŒGšœ——“ G›–GšŠ?––“šG??““G?–““–?G ›?ŒG ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G –?G ˆG šœš›ˆ?•ˆ‰“ŒG Š–š›Tš?ˆ™?•?G —–“?Š G ›–G Œ•šœ™ŒG ›?ˆ›G šœ——“?ŒšGŠ–•›?•œŒG‰Œ –•‹G—™–‘ŒŠ›G“??ŒSG???“ŒGˆ“š–GŒ•šœ™?•?G›?ˆ›G•ŒŒ‹ G‰œ›G —––™Gš›œ‹Œ•›šGˆ™ŒG•–›G‹?šˆ‹?ˆ•›ˆ?Œ‹UG zœ‰Tj–”—–•Œ•›G Yj U G yŒ??š?–•G –?G —™?”ˆ™ G Šœ™™?Šœ“œ”G ˆ•‹G —™–??š?–•G –?G ˆ——™–—™?ˆ›ŒG“Œˆ™•?•?G”ˆ›Œ™?ˆ“š UGG{?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›G??““G—™–??‹ŒGšœ——–™›G?–™G›?ŒG ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G –?G Šœ™™?Šœ“œ”G ˆ•‹G ˆšš?š›G ›?ŒG –™?Œ•›ˆ›?–•G –?G ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šG ?•G ›?ŒG •Œ?GŠœ™™?Šœ“œ”GˆšG?Œ““GˆšGŠ–””?šš?–•G›?ŒG‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G–?G›ŒŸ›‰––’šG?•G ???ŒGšœ‰‘ŒŠ›šG›–G‰ŒG›ˆœ??›G›?™–œ??Gl•?“?š?Gˆ•‹Gšœ——“ G›?ŒšŒG›–Gˆ““G—œ—?“šG?•G œ——Œ™G—™?”ˆ™ GšŠ?––“UGG{?ŒG—–“?Š G‹ŒŠ?š?–•G›–G›ŒˆŠ?Gš–”ŒGšœ‰‘ŒŠ›šG›?™–œ??G l•?“?š?G ˆ›G ›?ŒG œ——Œ™G —™?”ˆ™ G “Œ?Œ“G ?šG ?•›Œ•‹Œ‹G ›–G ?”—™–?ŒG ›?ŒG —œ—?“š G ™Œˆ‹?•ŒššG?–™GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GšŠ?––“UGGn–?Œ™•”Œ•›G??““G—™Œ—ˆ™ŒG›–G?”—“Œ”Œ•›G ›?ŒG•ŒŠŒššˆ™ GŠ?ˆ•?ŒšG?•G?•?›?ˆ“G›ŒˆŠ?Œ™GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•GŠœ™™?Šœ“ˆG›–Gˆ“??•G??›?G 1 English, History, Geography, Mathematics. The Teaching and Learning Materials Project, supported by USAID will provide textbooks in science subjects (Chemistry, Biology and Physics) for all students. Page 12 13 ›?ŒG ™Œ??šŒ‹G š›™œŠ›œ™ŒšSG ?•Š“œ‹?•?aG O?PG —™Œ—ˆ™?•?G ‹?—“–”ˆG “Œ?Œ“G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šG ›–G ›ŒˆŠ?G ›–G m–™”G [bG O??PG —™Œ—ˆ™?•?G —™?”ˆ™ G ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šG –?G ”ˆ›?Œ”ˆ›?ŠšGˆ•‹GšŠ?Œ•ŠŒG›–G›ŒˆŠ?G›?™–œ??Gl•?“?š?G?™–”Gš›ˆ•‹ˆ™‹G\bGˆ•‹G O???PGŒ•?ˆ•Š?•?G›?ŒGl•?“?š?G“ˆ•?œˆ?ŒGš’?““šG–?Gˆ““G—™?”ˆ™ G›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šUGG G p•G ˆ‹‹?›?–•SG ›?ŒG Š–”—–•Œ•›G ??““G —œ™Š?ˆšŒG ˆG —ˆŠ’ˆ?ŒG –?G ?•š›™œŠ›?–•ˆ“G ”ˆ›Œ™?ˆ“šG?–™GŒˆŠ?GšŠ?––“Gˆ•‹GˆG—ˆŠ’ˆ?ŒG–?G”ˆ›Œ™?ˆ“šG?–™G‰“?•‹Gˆ•‹G‹Œˆ?G —œ—?“šG?–™G›?™ŒŒGšŠ?––“šUG zœ‰Tj–”—–•Œ•›GYk UGG zœ——–™›G?–™GšŠ?Œ•ŠŒGŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G?–™G??™“šU GGkŒ‹?Šˆ›Œ‹G šŠ?Œ•ŠŒG Šˆ”—šG ?ˆ?ŒG ?ˆ‹G š–”ŒG šœŠŠŒššG ?•G —™–”–›?•?G šŠ?Œ•ŠŒG Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•G ˆ”–•?G ??™“šG ˆ•‹G ˆšš?š›?•?G šŠ?Œ•ŠŒG ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šUG G iœ?“‹?•?G –•G ›?ŒG šœŠŠŒšš?œ“G šŠ?Œ•ŠŒG Šˆ”—šG ?–™G ??™“šSG ›??šG Š–”—–•Œ•›G ??““G šœ——–™›G ›?ŒG —™Œ—ˆ™ˆ›?–•SG ?•Š“œ‹?•?G ˆšš?š›?•?G šŠ?Œ•ŠŒG ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šSG ˆšG ?Œ““G ˆšG ›?ŒG ‹Œ“??Œ™ G –?G –•ŒG ™Œš?‹Œ•›?ˆ“GšŠ?Œ•ŠŒGŠˆ”—GŒˆŠ?G Œˆ™G?–™G??™“šUG zœ‰Tj–”—–•Œ•›GYl UGG w™–??š?–•G–?Gs??ŒGš’?““šSG?•Š“œ‹?•?Gop}VhpkzSG?Œ•‹Œ™G ˆ•‹G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ˆ?ˆ™Œ•ŒššUG G {??šG Š–”—–•Œ•›G ??““G šœ——–™›G ›?ŒG ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G –?G ˆG •Œ?G ”ˆ•œˆ“G ?–™G “??ŒG š’?““šG ˆ•‹G ?–™’š?–—šG ›–G ˆšš?š›G ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šG–?Gšœ‰‘ŒŠ›šGšœŠ?GˆšG‰?–“–? Gˆ•‹G?Œ–?™ˆ—? G?•Š–™—–™ˆ›ŒG“??ŒGš’?““šG ?•›–G ›?Œ?™G ›ŒˆŠ??•?UG G {?ŒG Š–”—–•Œ•›G ??““G ˆ“š–G šœ——–™›G ŒŸ›™ˆŠœ™™?Šœ“ˆ™G ?–™’š?–—šG ›–G —™–”–›ŒG “??ŒG š’?““šUG G {?ŒšŒG ??““G ‰ŒG —™–??‹Œ‹G ?•G ŒˆŠ?G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GšŠ?––“GŒ?Œ™ G›?–G Œˆ™šUG Page 13 14 CHAPTER THREE: BASELINE DATA 3.1 S IZE AND G EOGRAPHICAL L OCATION ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ?šG ˆG š”ˆ““G ˆ™Š??—Œ“ˆ?–G Š–•š›?›œ›?•?G –?G |•?œ‘ˆG Oj–””–•“ G ™Œ?Œ™™Œ‹GGGˆšG?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™Gpš“ˆ•‹PSGwŒ”‰ˆGˆ•‹GšŒ?Œ™ˆ“Gš”ˆ““Gšœ™™–œ•‹?•?G ?š“ˆ•‹šUGp›G?šG—ˆ™›G–?G›?ŒG|•?›Œ‹GyŒ—œ‰“?ŠG–?G{ˆ•¡ˆ•?ˆGO|y{PGˆ•‹G?›G?ˆšG ?›šG –?•G n–?Œ™•”Œ•›UG {?ŒG yŒ?–“œ›?–•ˆ™ G n–?Œ™•”Œ•›G –?G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ›ˆ’ŒšGŠˆ™ŒG–?G›?ŒG?•›Œ™•ˆ“Gˆ??ˆ?™šG–?G›?ŒGš›ˆ›ŒUG?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G?šG“–Šˆ›Œ‹G?•G ›?ŒGp•‹?ˆ•G–ŠŒˆ•SGšŒ—ˆ™ˆ›Œ‹G‰ GˆG[WG’”GŠ?ˆ••Œ“G?™–”G›?ŒG”ˆ?•“ˆ•‹G Š–ˆš›SG“ ?•?Gˆ›GZ` 197.0 557.5 8.0 5.2 0 : W Glˆš›Gˆ•‹G] 272.1 557.5 8.0 8.0 0 : WG z–œ›?G–?Gl˜œˆ›–™UG{?ŒG?š“ˆ•‹G–?G|•?œ‘ˆG ˆ•‹G wŒ”‰ˆG ?ˆ?ŒG ˆ•G ˆ™ŒˆG –?G X]]W’”YG ˆ•‹G `_XG ’”YG ™Œš—ŒŠ›??Œ“ G Œ˜œ??ˆ“Œ•›G›–GˆG˜œˆ™›Œ™G”?““?–•G?ˆG–?G“ˆ•‹UGGG G h‹”?•?š›™ˆ›??Œ“ SG?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G?šG‹???‹Œ‹G?•›–G\G™Œ??–•šGOZG?•G|•?œ‘ˆGˆ•‹GYG ?•GwŒ”‰ˆPGŠ–”—™?šŒ‹G–?GXWG‹?š›™?Š›šGˆšGš?–?•G?•G›ˆ‰“ŒGXUXG‰Œ“–?UG{?ŒG ˆ‹”?•?š›™ˆ›??ŒGŠˆ—?›ˆ“Gˆ•‹GšŒˆ›G–?G?–?Œ™•”Œ•›G?šG?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G{–?•G???“ŒG ›?ŒGˆ‹”?•?š›™ˆ›??ŒGŠŒ•›Œ™Gˆ›GwŒ”‰ˆG?šG›?ŒGj?ˆ’ŒGj?ˆ’ŒG›–?•UGlˆŠ?G ‹?š›™?Š›G?–?Œ?Œ™G?ˆšGˆ•Gˆ‹”?•?š›™ˆ›??ŒGŠŒ•›Œ™G?™–”G???Š?G?–?Œ™•”Œ•›G šŒ™??ŠŒG?šGŠ––™‹?•ˆ›Œ‹UG G {ˆ‰“ŒGXUXaGGh‹”?•?š›™ˆ›??ŒGšŒ›Tœ—G?–™G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™GG yŒ??–•šGˆ•‹Gk?š›™?Š›šGG |•?œ‘ˆGpš“ˆ•‹GG u–™›?G|•?œ‘ˆGyŒ??–•G ƒ\03 GGGGGGGGGu–™›?G h Gk?š›™?Š›G ƒ\03 GGGGGGGGu–™›?G i Gk?š›™?Š›G ƒ\03 z–œ›?G|•?œ‘ˆGyŒ??–•G ƒ\03 GGGGGGGGz–œ›?Gk?š›™?Š›G ƒ\03 GGGGGGGGjŒ•›™ˆ“Gk?š›™?Š›G ƒ\03 |™‰ˆ•G~Œš›GyŒ??–•G GG ƒ\03 GGGGGGGGG|™‰ˆ•Gk?š›™?Š›GG wŒ”‰ˆGpš“ˆ•‹GG ƒ\03 u–™›?GwŒ”‰ˆGyŒ??–•G ƒ\03 GGGGGGGGG~Œ›ŒGk?š›™?Š›G ƒ\03 GGGGGGGGGt?Š?Œ?Œ•?Gk?š›™?Š›G ƒ\03 z–œ›?GwŒ”‰ˆGyŒ??–•G ƒ\03 GGGGGGGGj?ˆ’ŒGj?ˆ’ŒGk?š›™?Š›G ƒ\03 GGGGGGGGGt’–ˆ•?Gk?š›™?Š›G GG ƒ\03 GGGGGGGGG~Œ›ŒGk?š›™?Š›G G Page 14 15 3.2: P OPULATION AND SETTLEMENT PATTERNS G hŠŠ–™‹?•?G ›–G {ˆ•¡ˆ•?ˆG jŒ•šœšG OYWWYPSG ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ?•?ˆ‰?›šG `_XS^\[G —Œ–—“ŒG–?G???Š?G]YWS`\^Gˆ™ŒG?•G|•?œ‘ˆGˆ•‹GZ]WS^`^Gˆ™ŒG?•GwŒ”‰ˆUG {?ŒGˆ••œˆ“G—–—œ“ˆ›?–•G?™–?›?G™ˆ›ŒG?ˆšGŒš›?”ˆ›Œ‹G›–G‰ŒGZU\[LG????•?G ˆG—™–‘ŒŠ›Œ‹G—–—œ“ˆ›?–•G–?GXSW_`S\[WG?•?ˆ‰?›ˆ•›šG?•GYWW[G??›?G^XYS\\ZG ?•G|•?œ‘ˆG ˆ•‹G Z^WSWYWG?•GwŒ”‰ˆUG{?ŒGˆ?Œ™ˆ?ŒG?–œšŒ?–“‹Gš?¡ŒG?šG\G —Œ™š–•šG—Œ™G?–œšŒ?–“‹GOtˆš–œ‹GX``WPUG{?ŒG—–—œ“ˆ›?–•G‹Œ•š?› GˆšGˆ›G YWWYG?ˆšGZ``G—Œ™š–•šG—Œ™Gr” 282.0 578.3 8.0 5.2 0 : Y G?•‹?Šˆ›?•?G›?ˆ›G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G?šGˆ”–•?G›?ŒG ”–š›G????“ G—–—œ“ˆ›Œ‹G?š“ˆ•‹šG?•G›?ŒG?–™“‹Gˆ•‹G›??šG?ˆšGŒŸ—ŒŠ›Œ‹G›–G ?•Š™ŒˆšŒG ›–G [XZG —Œ™š–•šG —Œ™G š˜œˆ™ŒG ’?“–”Œ›Œ™G ‰ G YWW[UG n??Œ•G ›?ŒG ??•?›ŒG •ˆ›œ™ŒG –?G “ˆ•‹SG Œš—ŒŠ?ˆ““ G ?•G ›?ŒG ?š“ŒšSG ?•Š™Œˆš?•?G —–—œ“ˆ›?–•G ‹Œ•š?› G?ˆšG”ˆ‘–™G?”—“?Šˆ›?–•šG–•G?œ›œ™ŒG“ˆ•‹G‹Œ”ˆ•‹G?–™GŠ–•?“?Š›?•?G œšŒšG šœŠ?G ˆšG ?–™G ˆ?™?Šœ“›œ™ŒG ›–G ?ŒŒ‹G ›?ŒG ?™–??•?G —–—œ“ˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G šŒŠœ™ŒG ŒŸ—–™›G Š™–—šSG ?–™Œš›™ G ›–G šœ——“ G ?––‹G ‹Œ”ˆ•‹šG ›–G ˆ•G ?•Š™Œˆš?•?G—–—œ“ˆ›?–•SG?–œš?•?Gˆ•‹GšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›SG?•‹œš›™?ŒšSG™ŒŠ™Œˆ›?–•SG Š–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•SGŒ›ŠUGG G {ˆ‰“ŒGXUYaG{–›ˆ“Gw–—œ“ˆ›?–•G–?G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G‰ Gk?š›™?Š›Gˆ•‹GyŒ??–•G GG GG GG GG GG GG X`^_G X`__G YWWYG YWWZQG YWW[QG ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™GG [^]SXXXG ][WS]_\G `_XS^\[G XSWZZS] \ZG XSW_`S\[WG |•?œ‘ˆGpš“ˆ•‹GG Y^WS_W^G Z^\S_^ZG ]YWS`\^G ]][S_\WG ^XYS\\ZG wŒ”‰ˆGpš“ˆ•‹GG YW\SZW[G Y][S_XYG Z]WS^`^G Z]_S_WZG Z^]S`_^G u–™›?G|•?œ‘ˆG yŒ??–•G ^^SWX^G `]S`_`G XZ]S]Z`G XZ`S`\_G X[ZSZ\_G u–™›?G h Gk?š›™?Š›G [_SXY[G \`S``WG _[SX[^G _]SX`XG __SY_\G u–™›?G i Gk?š›™?Š›G Y_S_`ZG Z]S```G \YS[`YG \ZS^]^G \\SW^ZG z–œ›?G|•?œ‘ˆG yŒ??–•G \XS^[`G ^WSZXZG `[SY[[G `^SYY_G XWWSZYWG z–œ›?Gk?š›™?Š›G YXS`\YG Y\SW]XG ZXS_\ZG ZZSZ_]G Z[S``YG jŒ•›™ˆ“Gk?š›™?Š›G Y`S^`^G [\SY\YG ]YSZ`XG ]ZS_[ZG ]\SZY_G |™‰ˆ•G~Œš›GyŒ??–•G X[YSW[XG YW_S\^XG Z`WSW^[G [Y^S]]ZG []_S_^\G |™‰ˆ•Gk?š›™?Š›GG XXWS\W]G X\^S]Y]G YW\S_^WG YY\S^W`G Y[^S[\`G ~Œš›Gk?š›™?Š›G ZXS\Z\G \WS`[\G X_[SYW[G YWXS`\\G YYXS[X]G u–™›?GwŒ”‰ˆG yŒ??–•G XW]SY`WG XZ^SX_`G X_\SZY]G X_`SZ[[G X`ZS[[`G ~Œ›ŒGk?š›™?Š›G \_S`YZG ^]SXY\G XWYSW]WG XW[SYY]G XW]S[Z_G t?Š?Œ?Œ•?Gk?š›™?Š›G [^SZ]^G ]XSW][G _ZSY]]G _\SXX_G _^SWXYG z–œ›?GwŒ”‰ˆG ``SWX[G XY^S]YZG X^\S[^XG X^`S[\`G X_ZS\Z_G Page 15 16 yŒ??–•G j?ˆ’ŒGj?ˆ’ŒG k?š›™?Š›G [^SYW_G ]WSW\XG _YS``_G _[S`Y`G _]S`W\G t’–ˆ•?Gk?š›™?Š›G \XS_W]G ]^S\^YG `YS[^ZG `[S\ZWG `]S]ZZG z–œ™ŠŒaGX`^_SGX`__GMGYWWYGw–—œ“ˆ›?–•GjŒ•šœšGbGGQkˆ›ˆG?–™GGYWWZGMGYWW[Gˆ™ŒG —™–‘ŒŠ›?–•šGG G G 3.3: C LIMATE {?ŒG Š“?”ˆ›ŒG –?G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ?šG ›™–—?Šˆ“G ˆ•‹G ”ˆ™?›?”ŒSG ˆ•‹G ?–““–?šG ›?ŒG ”–•š––•G ??•‹šG Ow– ™ SG X`_^PG ?UŒUG ›?ŒG •–™›?Œˆš›G ›™ˆ‹ŒG ??•‹šG ?™–”G kŒŠŒ”‰Œ™G ›–G mŒ‰™œˆ™ G ˆ•‹G ›?ŒG š–œ›?Œˆš›G ”–•š––•G ?™–”G tˆ™Š?G ›–G u–?Œ”‰Œ™G OujkwSG X`_WPUG {?ŒG ”ˆ?•G ™ˆ?•G šŒˆš–•G O”ˆš?’ˆPG –ŠŠœ™šG ‰Œ›?ŒŒ•Gtˆ™Š?Gˆ•‹Gqœ•ŒSGŠˆœšŒ‹G‰ G›?ŒGš–œ›?Œˆš›G”–•š––•G??•‹šUG {?ŒG š?–™›G ™ˆ?•šG O?œ“?PSG œšœˆ““ G š›ˆ™›šG ?•G vŠ›–‰Œ™G ˆ•‹G Œ•‹šG ?•G kŒŠŒ”‰Œ™UGo–?Œ?Œ™SGš–”ŒG?•›Œ™T”–•š––•ˆ“G—™ŒŠ?—?›ˆ›?–•G›ˆ’ŒšG—“ˆŠŒUG yŒŠ–™‹G š?–?šG ›?ˆ›G –•ŒG ???›?G –?G ›–›ˆ“G ™ˆ?•?ˆ““šG ‰Œ›?ŒŒ•G ›?ŒG ™ˆ?•G šŒˆš–•šG Ow– ™ SG X`_^PSG ???Š?G ?šG ‹–”?•ˆ›Œ‹G ‰ G ˆG ‰?•–”?ˆ“G ™ˆ?•?ˆ““G —ˆ››Œ™•GOujkwSGX`_WbGr–”‰–SGX``[PUG G hŠŠ–™‹?•?G›–Gr??ˆ™?GOX``YPSG›?ŒG??–“ŒG—ˆ››Œ™•G–?G™ˆ?•?ˆ““G–?G›?ŒG?š“ˆ•‹šG ?ˆšG Š?ˆ•?Œ‹G ?•G ›Œ™”šG –?G ˆ”–œ•›G ˆ•‹G ™Œ“?ˆ‰?“?› UG j–•šŒ˜œŒ•›“ G ›?ŒG Šœ™™Œ•›G™ˆ?•GšŒˆš–•G?ˆ?ŒG‰ŒŒ•G–‰šŒ™?Œ‹G›–Gš›ˆ™›G“ˆ›ŒGˆ•‹GŒ•‹GŒˆ™“ G ˆ•‹G ˆ‰™œ—›bG ?Œ•ŠŒG š?–™›Œ™G —Œ™?–‹G –?G ™ˆ?•G ??›?G “ŒššG ?ˆ›Œ™UG {?ŒšŒG Š?ˆ•?ŒšG?ˆ?ŒG•Œ?ˆ›??ŒG?”—ˆŠ›G–•G?–™Œš›G—“ˆ•›?•?G›ˆ™?Œ›šGˆšG—“ˆ•›?•?G —™–?™ˆ””ŒšG‹Œ—Œ•‹šG–•G›?ŒG–•šŒ›SG‹œ™ˆ›?–•Gˆ•‹G™Œ“?ˆ‰?“?› G–?G™ˆ?•?ˆ““UG {?ŒGˆ?Œ™ˆ?ŒG™ˆ?•?ˆ““G?–™G›?ŒG?š“ˆ•‹G?šGˆ‰–œ›GX\WWG””G—Œ™Gˆ••œ”UG{?ŒG ”ˆŸ?”œ”G ˆ•‹G ”?•?”œ”G ˆ••œˆ“G ™ˆ?•?ˆ““G ?šG X_WWG ””G ˆ•‹G X[WWG ””G ™Œš—ŒŠ›??Œ“ UGmŒ‰™œˆ™ G›–G“ˆ›ŒGtˆ™Š?G?šG›?ŒG‹™?Œš›G—Œ™?–‹G–?G›?ŒG Œˆ™G ??›?Gˆ‰–œ›GYW””G–?G™ˆ?•?ˆ““UG{?ŒG????Œš›G›Œ”—Œ™ˆ›œ™ŒšG–ŠŠœ™G‹œ™?•?G ›?ŒGš?–™›G‹™ GšŒˆš–•G??›?GˆG”ˆŸ?”œ”G”Œˆ•G–?GZZ–jG?•G|•?œ‘ˆGˆ•‹G Y`–jG?•G wŒ”‰ˆUG{?ŒG ”?•?”œ”G›Œ”—Œ™ˆ›œ™ŒšG?–™G |•?œ‘ˆGˆ•‹G wŒ”‰ˆG ˆ™ŒGYZUZ–jGˆ•‹GYXUX–jSG™Œš—ŒŠ›??Œ“ GO~?™›?GŒ›Gˆ“SGX`__PUG G 3.4: S OILS {?ŒG ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G š–?“šG ˆ™ŒG ”ˆ?•“ G Šˆ›Œ?–™?¡Œ‹G ?•›–G ›?–G Š“ˆššŒšbG ›?ŒG š?ˆ““–?SG?•?Œ™›?“ŒSG™–Š’ GŠ–™ˆ“G™ˆ?Gš–?“šG?•G›?ŒGŒˆš›Gˆ•‹G‹ŒŒ—SG?Œ™›?“ŒG š–?“šG?•G›?ŒG?Œš›UGp•G›?ŒGŠ–™ˆ“G™ˆ?Gš???›?•?GŠœ“›??ˆ›?–•G?šG›?ŒG‹–”?•ˆ•›G ?ˆ™”?•?G š š›Œ”G ??Œ™ŒG ˆšG ›?ŒG ‹ŒŒ—G š–?“šG šœ——–™›G —Œ™”ˆ•Œ•›G Page 16 17 ˆ?™?Šœ“›œ™ŒGˆ•‹G—“ˆ•›ˆ›?–•šGŠ™–—šG?Œ•ŠŒSG›?Œ Gˆ™ŒG‹Œ•šŒ“ G—–—œ“ˆ›Œ‹G Š–”—ˆ™Œ‹G›–GŠ–™ˆ“G™ˆ?Gˆ™ŒˆšGOyŒ??Œ?Gt?šš?–•SGX``XPUGw™Œ‹–”?•ˆ•›“ SG ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G‰Œ‹™–Š’Gˆ•‹G—ˆ™Œ•›G”ˆ›Œ™?ˆ“GŠ–•š?š›šG–?G“?”Œš›–•ŒG–?G”ˆ™?•ŒG –™???•UG sˆ?Œ™G —™–—–™›?–•G –?G ?Œš›Œ™•G š?‹ŒG –?G ›?ŒG ?š“ˆ•‹šG ?ˆšG ‰ŒŒ•G –?Œ™“ˆ?•G ??›?G ˆ““œ??ˆ“G šˆ•‹šSG š?“›šG ˆ•‹G Š“ˆ šG ??›?G ?™ŒŒ“ G ‹™ˆ?•Œ‹G ™Œ‹‹?š?Gš–?“šG?–™”Œ‹G?™–”G›?ŒšŒGšŒ‹?”Œ•›šG›Œ™”Œ‹GI’?Š?ˆ•?ˆIUGkˆ™’Œ™G 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‰Œ“–?SG›?ŒG“–Šˆ“GŒŠ–•–” G?šG“ˆ™?Œ“ G?•?“œŒ•ŠŒ‹G‰ GˆŠ›???›?ŒšG›ˆ™?Œ›?•?G ŒŸ—“–?›ˆ›?–•G–?G›?ŒG”ˆ™?•ŒGˆ•‹GŠ–™ˆ“G™ˆ?G?–™Œš›GŒŠ–š š›Œ”šUGG G 3.6: S OCIO - ECONOMIC PROFILE {?ŒGŒŠ–•–” G–?G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G?šG”ˆ?•“ G‹Œ—Œ•‹?•?G–•GŠ“–?ŒšG?–™GŒŸ—–™›SG šœ‰š?š›Œ•ŠŒGˆ?™?Šœ“›œ™ŒGˆ•‹G›?ŒG•Œ?“ Gˆ‹–—›Œ‹G›–œ™?š”G?•‹œš›™ UGz?•ŠŒG Œˆ™“ G`WNšG›?Œ™ŒG?ˆšG‰ŒŒ•GˆGš???›G?™–”G”–•–—–“?š›GŒŠ–•–” G›–G?™ŒŒG Œ•›Œ™—™?šŒG ˆšG ˆG ”Œˆšœ™ŒG ›–?ˆ™‹šG ŒŠ–•–”?ŠG ™ŒŠ–?Œ™ G —™–?™ˆ””ŒUG h?™?Šœ“›œ™ˆ“GšŒŠ›–™GŠ–•›™?‰œ›ŒGˆ‰–œ›G\WLGš?ˆ™ŒG–?GnkwGˆ•‹GŒ”—“– šG •Œˆ™“ G ^WLG O?mkwSG X``ZPG –?G “ˆ‰–œ™G ?–™ŠŒG ›?ˆ›G Œˆ™•šG ˆ‰–œ›G `WLG –?G ŒŸ—–™›G ?ˆ“œŒUG {?ŒG ”ˆ•œ?ˆŠ›œ™?•?G šŒŠ›–™G ?ˆšG ˆG —–›Œ•›?ˆ“G ?–™G ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G??GŒ•›™Œ—™Œ•Œœ™šGŠ–œ“‹G‰ŒG?–œ•‹UG{?ŒGš?ˆ™ŒG–?G›?ŒG—œ‰“?ŠG šŒŠ›–™G?•G›?ŒGš›ˆ›ŒNšGnkwG?šG˜œ?›ŒG????UG{?ŒG”ˆ‘–™GŠ–•›™?‰œ›?–•G?ˆšG Š–”ŒG ?™–”G ??–“Œšˆ“ŒSG ™Œ›ˆ?“G ›™ˆ‹ŒG ˆ•‹G —œ‰“?ŠG ˆ‹”?•?š›™ˆ›?–•UG h›G —™ŒšŒ•›G›?ŒGn–?Œ™•”Œ•›G–?G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G?šG›?ŒG“ˆ™?Œš›Gš?•?“ŒGŒ”—“– Œ™G?•G ›?ŒGŠ–œ•›™ GO?mkwSGX``XPUGG G Page 17 18 lŠ–•–”?ŠG z?›œˆ›?–•a G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ŒŠ–•–” G ?šG š›?““G ????“ G ‹–”?•ˆ›Œ‹G ‰ G ˆ•‹G‹Œ—Œ•‹Œ•›Gœ—–•G›?ŒGˆ?™?Šœ“›œ™ˆ“GšŒŠ›–™SG”ˆ?•“ G›?ŒG—™–‹œŠ›?–•Gˆ•‹G šŒ““G –?G Š“–?ŒšG ˆ•‹G Š“–?ŒG —™–‹œŠ›šUG {?ŒG ?––‹G —Œ™?–™”ˆ•ŠŒG ?•G —ˆš›G  Œˆ™šG?šGˆ››™?‰œ›Œ‹G›–GˆG?Œ™ G????G—™–‹œŠ›?–•G?–“œ”ŒGˆ•‹GˆG™Œˆš–•ˆ‰“ŒG ????G ŒŸ›Œ™•ˆ“G ”ˆ™’Œ›G —™?ŠŒG –?G ›?ŒG Š–””–‹?› G Š–”—ˆ™Œ‹G ›–G ™ŒŠŒ•›G  Œˆ™šUGGGuŒ?Œ™›?Œ“ŒššSG›?ŒGš?ˆ™ŒG–?Gˆ?™?Šœ“›œ™ˆ“GšŒŠ›–™G›–G›?ŒG–?Œ™ˆ““G –œ›—œ›G?ˆšG‰ŒŒ•Gš›Œˆ‹?“ G‹ŒŠ“?•?•?G?™–”G›?ŒG“Œ?Œ“G–?G[XUWG—Œ™ŠŒ•›G?•G X``\G ›–G ˆ™–œ•‹G Z_UYG —Œ™ŠŒ•›G ?•G X```UG iŒš?‹ŒšG ˆ?™?Šœ“›œ™ŒSG ›™ˆ‹ŒG ›–œ™?š”Gˆ•‹G–›?Œ™GšŒ™??ŠŒGšŒŠ›–™šGˆ™ŒG”ˆ‘–™GŠ–•›™?‰œ›–™šG›–GŒŠ–•–”?ŠG ?™–?›?UG{?ŒGš?ˆ™ŒG–?G›™ˆ‹ŒGO?•Š“œ‹?•?G›–œ™?š”G?ˆšG?™ˆ‹œˆ““ G?•Š™ŒˆšŒ‹G ?™–”G›?ŒG“Œ?Œ“G–?GX`U_G—Œ™ŠŒ•›G?•GX``\G›–Gˆ™–œ•‹G›–G–?Œ™GYXUWG—Œ™ŠŒ•›G ‰ G X```UG ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ?”—–™›šG ˆ“”–š›G _WG —Œ™ŠŒ•›G –?G ?Œ™G ‰ˆš?ŠG ™Œ˜œ?™Œ”Œ•›šGO?•Š“œ‹?•?G?™–”G”ˆ?•“ˆ•‹G{ˆ•¡ˆ•?ˆPUG{?ŒG—™?ŠŒšGˆ•‹G›ˆŸG ?ˆ™?ˆ›?–•šG –?G ”–š›G Š–””–‹?›?ŒšG ?ˆ?ŒG ˆ•G ?•?“ˆ›?–•ˆ™ G —™Œššœ™ŒG ›–G 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™ŒŠŒ•›G Œˆ™šG›?ŒG????Œš›G—™–‹œŠ›?–•G“Œ?Œ“G?ˆšG™ŒŠ–™‹Œ‹G?•GX``]G??›?G XYSWWWG›–•šSG?–““–?Œ‹G‰ G›?ŒG“–?Œš›Gˆ”–œ•›G–?GY\[G›–•šG™Œˆ“?¡Œ‹G?•G X``_UG G G z?”?“ˆ™“ SG ›?ŒG ?–™“‹G ”ˆ™’Œ›G —™?ŠŒG ?–™G Š“–?ŒšG ?ˆšG ‰ŒŒ•G ‹ŒŠ“?•?•?G–?Œ™G›?ŒG  Œˆ™šUGG{?ŒG????Œš›G—™?ŠŒG ?ˆšG ˆ››ˆ?•Œ‹G •–›Œ‹G?•G X``^Gˆ›G|zKG`SWWWG—Œ™G›–•SGŠ–”—ˆ™Œ‹G›–G??ˆ›G?ˆšG›?ŒG—™?ŠŒG?•GX`^^G –?G|zKG]WWG—Œ™G›–•UGGG G iŒš?‹ŒšGˆ?™?Šœ“›œ™ŒSG??š??•?G?šGˆ•–›?Œ™G?”—–™›ˆ•›GŒŠ–•–”?ŠGˆŠ›???› G?•G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G Œ•?ˆ??•?G ”–™ŒG ›?ˆ•G Y\G —Œ™ŠŒ•›G –?G ›?ŒG —Œ–—“ŒG Œš—ŒŠ?ˆ““ G ›?–šŒG“???•?G•Œˆ™G›?ŒGŠ–ˆš›ˆ“Gˆ™ŒˆšG?•G›?ŒG?š“ˆ•‹šUGGuŒ?Œ™›?Œ“ŒššSG›?ŒG › —ŒG–?G??š??•?G?šGš›?““G›™ˆ‹?›?–•ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gˆ™›Œš?ˆ•SG??Œ™ŒG—™–‹œŠ›?–•G?šG“–?G ˆ•‹Gšœ‰š?š›Œ•›UGG Page 18 19 G s??Œš›–Š’G’ŒŒ—?•?G?šG–?Gšœ‰š?š›Œ•ŠŒG“Œ?Œ“G›––SG‰ˆšŒ‹G–•G‰–›?G“–Šˆ“Gˆ•‹G ”–‹Œ™•G”Œ›?–‹šG–?G‰™ŒŒ‹?•?UGG{?ŒGšœ‰šŒŠ›–™GŠ–•š›?›œ›ŒšGˆ•Gˆ?Œ™ˆ?ŒG “Œ?Œ“G –?G XWUWG —Œ™ŠŒ•›G –?G nkwSG ?–?Œ?Œ™G ›?ŒG —™–‹œŠ›?–•G ?šG š›?““G “–?G ™Œšœ“›?•?G ?•G ›?ŒG ?”—–™›ˆ›?–•G –?G Šˆ››“ŒSG Œ??šG ˆ•‹G Œ?Œ•G Š??Š’Œ•G ?™–”G ”ˆ?•“ˆ•‹UG GGGG p•G™ŒŠŒ•›G Œˆ™šGšŒˆ?ŒŒ‹šG?ˆšGŠ–”ŒGœ—GˆšGˆGšœ——“Œ”Œ•›G›–GŠ“–?ŒšGˆšGˆG Šˆš?GŠ™–—G—™–‹œŠ›?–•UGGiŒ›?ŒŒ•G›?ŒG Œˆ™šGX``XG›–GX``_GˆG•œ”‰Œ™G–?G ?–”Œ•Gˆ“–•?GŠ–ˆš›ˆ“G??““ˆ?ŒšGŒ•?ˆ?Œ‹G›?Œ”šŒ“?ŒšG?•G›?ŒG—™–‹œŠ›?–•G ˆ•‹GšŒ““G–?G›??šGŠ™–—UGGo–?Œ?Œ™SG?•G™ŒŠŒ•›G Œˆ™šSG›?ŒGšŒˆ?ŒŒ‹G”ˆ™’Œ›G ?ˆšG ?ˆŠŒ‹G ??›?G —™–‰“Œ”šG –?G Š?ˆ•??•?G ”ˆ™’Œ›G ‹Œ”ˆ•‹G ˆ•‹G —™?ŠŒG ?“œŠ›œˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G œ•ŠŒ™›ˆ?•“ G ›?œšG ‹Œ”–™ˆ“?¡?•?G ›?ŒG œšœˆ““ G ?Œ“—“ŒššG š”ˆ““G?ˆ™”Œ™šUGGGG G tˆ•œ?ˆŠ›œ™?•?G šŒŠ›–™a G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ?ˆšG ˆG ?Œ™ G š”ˆ““G ”ˆ•œ?ˆŠ›œ™?•?G šŒŠ›–™UGGp›šGš?ˆ™ŒG›–G›?ŒG–?Œ™ˆ““GnkwG?šG?•G›?ŒGˆ?Œ™ˆ?ŒG–?G]UWG—Œ™ŠŒ•›UGG p›G ?šG ˆ“”–š›G š›ˆ?•ˆ•›SG ?™–??•?G ˆ›G ˆG ?Œ™ G “–?G ™ˆ›ŒG –?G “ŒššG ›?ˆ•G XUWG —Œ™ŠŒ•›G Œˆ™UGGG{?ŒGšŒŠ›–™G?šG‰ˆšŒ‹G›–?ˆ™‹šGŠ?Œ”?Šˆ“G—™–‹œŠ›šGˆ•‹G Š–•šœ”Œ™G ?––‹šG šœŠ?G ˆšG ?––‹SG ‰Œ?Œ™ˆ?ŒšSG ›–‰ˆŠŠ–G ˆ•‹G ›ŒŸ›?“ŒUG lŸ—–™›šG–?G??•?š?Œ‹GV—™–ŠŒššŒ‹G?––‹šG?šG?•š??•???Šˆ•›GŠ–•›™?‰œ›?•?G“ŒššG ›?ˆ•G \UWG —Œ™ŠŒ•›G –?G ›–›ˆ“G ŒŸ—–™›G Œˆ™•?•?šUG G {??šG —™–—–™›?–•G ?šG 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Š–””Œ™Š?ˆ“?¡Œ‹UG ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ™Œ“?ŒšG –•G ?––‹G ?”—–™›šG ?™–”G ”ˆ?•“ˆ•‹G{ˆ•¡ˆ•?ˆG›–G‰™?‹?ŒG‹Œ??Š?›šG?•G“–Šˆ“Gšœ——“ UGG Page 19 20 G t?•?•?a G h““G ?Œ–“–??Šˆ“G šœ™?Œ G š–G ?ˆ™G Š–•‹œŠ›Œ‹G ?ˆ?ŒG ?•‹?Šˆ›Œ‹G ›?ˆ›G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ?ˆšG •–G š??•???Šˆ•›G ”?•Œ™ˆ“G ‹Œ—–š?›šUG G p•G ›??šG ™Œš—ŒŠ›SG ›?ŒG ”?•?•?GšŒŠ›–™G–?G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G?šGŠ–•š›?›œ›Œ‹G‰ Gš›–•ŒG˜œˆ™™ ?•?GœšŒ‹G?–™G Š–•š›™œŠ›?–•Gˆ•‹G“?”ŒG”ˆ’?•?UGGp›G?šGˆG?Œ™ G?•š??•???Šˆ•›G—™–—–™›?–•G‰œ›G ‰ˆšŒ‹G–•G›?ŒG?”—–™›ˆ•ŠŒG–?G›?ŒG™Œš–œ™ŠŒG›–G›?ŒGŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•GšŒŠ›–™SG š›–•ŒG ”?•?•?G ‰ŒŠ–”ŒšG ˆ•G ?”—–™›ˆ•›G ?•?™Œ‹?Œ•›G ›–G ›?ŒG “??ŒšG –?G ™œ™ˆ“G —Œ–—“ŒG Œš—ŒŠ?ˆ““ G ›?–šŒG “???•?G ?•G Š–™ˆ“G ™ˆ?G ˆ™ŒˆšUG uŒ™?Œ“ŒššSG •–•T šœš›ˆ?•ˆ‰“ŒG ”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G –?G ˜œˆ™™ ?•?G ‰œš?•ŒššG —™ŒšŒ•›šG ˆG ”ˆ‘–™G ŒŠ–“–??Šˆ“GŠ–•ŠŒ™•G?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G›–‹ˆ UGG GGG {™ˆ•š—–™›Gˆ•‹Gj–””œ•?Šˆ›?–•ša G{?ŒGš?ˆ™ŒG–?G›??šGšŒŠ›–™G›–GnkwG?ˆšG ?•Š™ŒˆšŒ‹G?™–”G\UXG—Œ™ŠŒ•›G?•GX``_G›–G\U\G—Œ™ŠŒ•›G‰ GX```UGG?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ?ˆšG ˆG ›–›ˆ“G ™–ˆ‹G •Œ›?–™’G –?G XS]WWG ’?“–”Œ›Œ™G –?G ™–ˆ‹šG –?G ???Š?G _\G —Œ™ŠŒ•›G ˆ™ŒG 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Š–•š›?›œ›ŒšG ˆ•–›?Œ™G š”ˆ““G —™–—–™›?–•G –?G ›?ŒG –?Œ™ˆ““G –œ›—œ›UGGp•G™ŒŠŒ•›G Œˆ™šSG›??šGšŒŠ›–™G?ˆšG?Œ•Œ™ˆ›Œ‹GˆG—™–—–™›?–•G–?GZT ZU\G—Œ™ŠŒ•›G–?GnkwUGGG G m?•ˆ•Š?ˆ“G zŒŠ›–™a G hŠŠŒšš?‰?“?› G ›–G Š™Œ‹?›šG ˆ•‹G –›?Œ™G ??•ˆ•Š?ˆ“G ™Œš–œ™ŠŒšG ?šG ˆ•G ?”—–™›ˆ•›G ?•?™Œ‹?Œ•›G ›–?ˆ™‹šG š–Š?ˆ“G ˆ•‹G ŒŠ–•–”?ŠG ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›UGGGh“›?–œ??SG?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G?ˆšG?Œ™ G“?››“ŒGŠ–•›™–“G–•G”–•Œ›ˆ™ G —–“?Š G?ššœŒšGˆ•‹G›?ŒG“Œ?Œ“šG–?G?›šG??•ˆ•Š?ˆ“G?•š›?›œ›?–•šG?šG?Œ™ G“–?SG  Œ›G›?ŒGŒŸ?š›?•?G•ˆ›?–•ˆ“G‰ˆ•’G–?Gwi?SGuijSGw–š›ˆ“Giˆ•’Gˆ•‹G–›?Œ™G š”ˆ““G ??•ˆ•Š?ˆ“G ?•š›?›œ›?–•šG —“ˆ G ˆG š??•???Šˆ•›G ™–“ŒG ?•G šŒ™??•?G ›?ŒG ŒŠ–•–” UGGG G l”—“– ”Œ•›a GGGi GYWWZSG?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G?ˆ‹Gˆ•GŒ”—“– Œ‹G?–™ŠŒG–?GZZS_^WG Page 20 21 –œ›G–?G???Š?SG›?ŒG?–?Œ™•”Œ•›GˆŠŠ–œ•›Œ‹G?–™G^\UYG—Œ™ŠŒ•›GOY\S^__PG–?G ›?ŒG›–›ˆ“SG›?ŒG—™??ˆ›ŒGšŒŠ›–™GŒ•?ˆ?Œ‹GXZU`G—Œ™ŠŒ•›GO[SZ^`PGˆ•‹G—œ‰“?ŠG Œ•›Œ™—™?šŒšG?ˆ‹G]UWG—Œ™ŠŒ•›GOYSW[ZPUGl”—“– ”Œ•›G?•G•–•T?–?Œ™•”Œ•›G –™?ˆ•?¡ˆ›?–•šG ˆ•‹G ?–™Œ??•G Š–”—ˆ•?ŒšG –—Œ™ˆ›?•?G ?•G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G Œ•?ˆ?Œ‹G [U`G—Œ™ŠŒ•›GOXS]]]PG–?G›–›ˆ“GŒ”—“– ”Œ•›G?–™ŠŒUG{?œšSG›?ŒG?–?Œ™•”Œ•›G ˆ•‹G?›šG?•š›?›œ›?–•šG?šG›?ŒGš?•?“ŒG“ˆ™?Œš›GŒ”—“– Œ™GO‰œ‹?Œ›Gš—ŒŒŠ?G?–™G YWWZVW[PUGp›G?šG›?ŒG?–?Œ™•”Œ•›G—–“?Š GˆšG‹Œ??•Œ‹G??›??•G›?ŒG?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G }?š?–•GYWYWG›–G—™–”–›ŒG›?ŒG—™??ˆ›ŒGšŒŠ›–™GˆšG›?ŒG”ˆ?•GŒ”—“– Œ™Gˆ•‹G ›?ŒG?Œ•Œ™ˆ›–™G–?G”–™ŒGŒ”—“– ”Œ•›G–——–™›œ•?›?ŒšUG G hG ›–›ˆ“G –?G XWSWWWG šŠ?––“G “Œˆ?Œ™šG Œ•›Œ™G ›?ŒG ‘–‰G ”ˆ™’Œ›G ˆ••œˆ““ UG o–?Œ?Œ™SG›?ŒG”ˆ‘–™?› G–?G›?ŒG –œ›?šGˆ™ŒG?““G—™Œ—ˆ™Œ‹G—™–?Œšš?–•ˆ““ G ‰ŒŠˆœšŒG›?ŒGŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•Gš š›Œ”G?ˆ?“šG›–G—™–??‹ŒG•ŒŠŒššˆ™ G—™–?Œšš?–•ˆ“G š’?““šG –™G›™ˆ‹ŒšG ??›?G›?ŒG™Œšœ“›G›?ˆ›GšœŠ?G  –œ›?G?ˆ?ŒG •–›??•?G›–G ‹–G ŒŸŠŒ—›G“–?›Œ™?•?SG‹™œ?Gˆ‰œšŒGˆ•‹G?–™’?•?GˆšGŠ–””Œ™Š?ˆ“GšŒŸG?–™’Œ™šG O‰œ‹?Œ›G š—ŒŒŠ?SG YWWZVW[PUG hšG —ˆ™›G –?G ›?ŒG š›™ˆ›Œ? G ›–G ˆ™™Œš›G ›?ŒG ‹Œ›Œ™?–™ˆ›?•?G –œ›?Gš?›œˆ›?–•SG›?ŒGt?•?š›™ G–?Gl‹œŠˆ›?–•Gˆ•‹G?–Šˆ›?–•G {™ˆ?•?•?G?šG™Œ??Œ??•?G?›šGŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•GŠœ™™?Šœ“ˆGˆ•‹G”ˆš›Œ™G—“ˆ•G›–G?–ŠœšG ”–™ŒG?Œ???›G–•G›ŒŠ?•?Šˆ“GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•SG?œ•Š›?–•ˆ“GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•Gˆ•‹G“ˆ‰–œ™G ”ˆ™’Œ›G‹Œ”ˆ•‹šSGˆG—–“?Š Gš›™ˆ›Œ? G›?ˆ›G??““G‰ŒG—ˆ™›“ G–—Œ™ˆ›?–•?¡Œ‹G ›?™–œ??G›?ŒG?zlwUGG G lŠ–•–”?ŠG w™–š—ŒŠ›ša G {?ŒG ŒŠ–•–” G –?G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ?šG Š–•›?•œ–œš“ G ?šG “ˆ™?Œ“ G ˆ??ŒŠ›Œ‹G ?•š›ˆ‰?“?› G –?G Š“–?ŒG —™?ŠŒšG ?•G ›?ŒG ?–™“‹G ”ˆ™’Œ›SG ?“œŠ›œˆ›?–•G??G?•G–?“G—™?ŠŒšSGˆ•‹G›?ŒG™?šŒG?•G—™?ŠŒšG–?G”ˆ• G?•›Œ™”Œ‹?ˆ›ŒG ?––‹šGˆ•‹G”ˆŠ??•Œ™ G???Š?G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G?”—–™›šUGG{?ŒG?––‹G?Œˆ›?Œ™GˆšG ?Œ““GˆšG›?ŒG?”—™–?Œ‹G—™?ŠŒšG?•GŒŸ›Œ™•ˆ“G”ˆ™’Œ›G?šG?–?Œ?Œ™GŒŸ—ŒŠ›Œ‹G ›–Gš›?”œ“ˆ›ŒGŒŠ–•–”?ŠG—Œ™?–™”ˆ•ŠŒG‰œ›G™Œˆ“G?™–?›?GG?šGŒŸ—ŒŠ›Œ‹G?™–”G ›?ŒG Šœ™™Œ•›G Œ”—?ˆš?šG –•G •–•Tˆ?™?Šœ“›œ™ˆ“G šŒŠ›–™šG ”ˆ?•“ G ?•‹œš›™?ˆ“G ˆ•‹G šŒ™??ŠŒšG šŒŠ›–™šUG {??šG ??›?G ›?ŒG Šœ™™Œ•›G ˆ•‹G –•T?–?•?G —ˆŠŒG –?G ?•?Œš›”Œ•›Gˆ•‹Gš›ˆ‰?“?› SG›?ŒGŒŠ–•–” G?ˆšGŒŸ—ŒŠ›Œ‹G›–Gšœš›ˆ?•Gˆ›Gˆ•G ˆ?Œ™ˆ?ŒG“Œ?Œ“G–?G\UWG—Œ™ŠŒ•›G›?ŒGŒˆ™“ GY?š›GŠŒ•›œ™ UG G G G G Page 21 22 CHAPTER FOUR: POLICY FRAMEWORKS IN ZSEP 4.1 A DMINISTRATIVE AND R EGULATORY F RAMEWORKS IN E DUCATION 4.1.1 Project Administrative set-up {?ŒG ?zlwG ??““G –•“ G –—Œ™ˆ›ŒG ?•G ›?ŒG pš“ŒšUG |•‹Œ™G ›?ŒG Š–•š›?›œ›?–•SG ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G Œ•‘– šG ˆG ŠŒ™›ˆ?•G ‹Œ?™ŒŒG –?G ˆœ›–•–” G ?•Š“œ‹?•?G ˆ•G ˆœ›–•–”–œšG t?•?š›™ G –?G l‹œŠˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G }–Šˆ›?–•ˆ“G {™ˆ?•?•?G ?–™G ?–?Œ™•ˆ•ŠŒG–?G”ˆ››Œ™šG–•GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•UGG{??šG?šG›?ŒG?•š›?›œ›?–•G›?ˆ›G??““G ›ˆ’ŒGŠ?ˆ™?ŒG–?G?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G–?G›?ŒG?zlwUGGp”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G–?G›?ŒG —™–‘ŒŠ›G ??““G ‰ŒG Šˆ™™?Œ‹G –œ›G ›?™–œ??G ›?ŒG ŒŸ?š›?•?G š›™œŠ›œ™ŒšG –?G ›?ŒG t–l}{SG?•?–“??•?G?›šG‹???Œ™Œ•›G‹Œ—ˆ™›”Œ•›šSG‹?š›™?Š›GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G‰–ˆ™‹šG ˆ•‹GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G?•š›?›œ›?–•šUGG G hGr?š?ˆ??“?G?Œ™š?–•G–?G›?ŒG–™?ˆ•?¡ˆ›?–•Gš›™œŠ›œ™ŒG?–™G›?ŒGt–l}{G?šG —™ŒšŒ•›Œ‹G ‰Œ“–?UG {?ŒG wŒ™”ˆ•Œ•›G zŒŠ™Œ›ˆ™ G ?šG ›?ŒG ŒŸŒŠœ›??ŒG ™Œš—–•š?‰“ŒG?–™G–?Œ™ˆ““G”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G–?GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G?•G›?ŒGt–l}{G???“ŒG ›?ŒG j–””?šš?–•Œ™G ?–™G l‹œŠˆ›?–•G ?šG ›?ŒG {ŒŠ?•?Šˆ“G oŒˆ‹G –?G ˆ““G Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•G”ˆ››Œ™šUGG G m??G[UXaGv™?ˆ•–TŠ?ˆ™›G?–™G›?ŒGt–l}{GG G l™™–™HGv‰‘ŒŠ›šGŠˆ••–›G‰ŒGŠ™Œˆ›Œ‹G?™–”GŒ‹?›?•?G??Œ“‹GŠ–‹ŒšU G h‹”?•?š›™ˆ›??Œ“ SG?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G?šG‹???‹Œ‹G?•›–G\GyŒ??–•šGˆ•‹GXWG‹?š›™?Š›šUG kŒ“??Œ™ G–?GšŒ™??ŠŒšG?•GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G??›??•G›?ŒGpš“ŒšG?šGŒ??ŒŠ›Œ‹G›?™–œ??G ›?ŒG XWG ‹?š›™?Š›šG ŒˆŠ?G –?G ???Š?G ?ˆšG ˆG k?š›™?Š›G l‹œŠˆ›?–•G v???ŠŒ™G Š?ˆ™?Œ‹G ??›?G ™Œš—–•š?‰?“?› G –?G –?Œ™šŒŒ?•?G ˆŠ›???›?ŒšG –?G ›?ŒG XWG kŒ—ˆ™›”Œ•›šUGG G 4.1.2 Institutional arrangements and coordination G {?ŒGt–l}{G??““G—™–??‹ŒG–?Œ™ˆ““G—–“?Š G?œ?‹ˆ•ŠŒGˆ•‹Gšœ—Œ™??š?–•G›–G ›?ŒG?zlwUG{?™–œ??G›?ŒGŠ–””?šš?–•G?–™Gw–“?Š SGw“ˆ••?•?SGiœ‹?Œ›Gˆ•‹G yŒšŒˆ™Š?SG ›?ŒG ”?•?š›™ G ??““G Š“ˆ™?? G ›?ŒG ™–“ŒšG ?•Š“œ‹?•?G Šˆ—ˆŠ?› G ‰œ?“‹?•?G™Œ˜œ?™Œ”Œ•›šGˆ›Gˆ““G“Œ?Œ“šG?–™G—™–‘ŒŠ›G?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•UGG{??šG ??““G ‰ŒG ˆŠ??Œ?Œ‹G ›?™–œ??G ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G –?G ˆG w™–‘ŒŠ›G p”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G tˆ•œˆ“G›–Gš—ŒŠ?? GˆŠ›?–•Gˆ•‹G?•?–“?Œ”Œ•›G–?G—“ˆ Œ™šGˆ›Gˆ““G“Œ?Œ“šG›–G Œ•šœ™ŒG?ˆ™”–• G?•G—™–‘ŒŠ›G?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•UG{?ŒGwptG??““Gˆ“š–G—™–??‹ŒG ?œ?‹Œ“?•ŒšG –•G ›?ŒG Š–‹ŒG –?G Š–•‹œŠ›G ?–™G ˆ““G —™–‘ŒŠ›G ˆŠ›–™šG ›–G Œ•šœ™ŒG Š–”—“?ˆ•ŠŒG ??›?G yn?G ˆ•‹G ~–™“‹G iˆ•’G ™Œ˜œ?™Œ”Œ•›šG ?–™G —™–‘ŒŠ›G Page 22 23 ”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›UGGG G p•G —œ™šœ?›G –?G ?›šG ”ˆ•‹ˆ›ŒSG ›?ŒG t?•?š›™ G –?G l‹œŠˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G }–Šˆ›?–•G {™ˆ?•?•?G ?šG ?•G ›?ŒG —™–ŠŒššG –?G ‹Œ?Œ“–—?•?G ˆG zŒŠ›–™G ~?‹ŒG h——™–ˆŠ?G Oz~h—PG w“ˆ•G ›–G Š––™‹?•ˆ›ŒG ˆŠ›???›?ŒšG ?•G ›?ŒG Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•G šŒŠ›–™UGG z?”œ“›ˆ•Œ–œš“ G›–G›??šG?•?›?ˆ›??ŒSG›?ŒGn–?Œ™•”Œ•›G?ˆšGˆš’Œ‹G›?ŒG~–™“‹G iˆ•’G ›–G š—Œˆ™?Œˆ‹G šœ——–™›G ?–™G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•G ›?™–œ??G ˆG šŒ—ˆ™ˆ›ŒG?•?Œš›”Œ•›GŠ™Œ‹?›GO?zlwPGˆšGˆG”Œˆ•šG–?Gˆ‹‹™Œšš?•?Gœ™?Œ•›G •ŒŒ‹šG?•GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•Gˆ•‹G›?ŒGŠ?ˆ““Œ•?ŒG?–™Gt–l}{G?šGSG›–G Œ•šœ™ŒG›?ˆ›G?zlwG–‰‘ŒŠ›??ŒšGˆ•‹G?•›Œ™?Œ•›?–•šG™Œ”ˆ?•G?œ““ GŠ–•š?š›Œ•›G ??›?G›?ŒG?œ““GšŒŠ›–™T??‹ŒG—™–?™ˆ”Gœ•‹Œ™G‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›Gˆ•‹G?šGŒŸ—ŒŠ›Œ‹G ›–G?œ™›?Œ™G?Œ“—GŠ–•š–“?‹ˆ›ŒG›?ŒGz~hwGŠ–•ŠŒ—›UGG G 4.1.3 Policy Framework for the Education and Training Sector m–™G›?ŒG—ˆš›G›?™ŒŒG‹ŒŠˆ‹ŒšSG›?ŒG—–“?Š G–?GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G?ˆšG ?œ?‹Œ‹G‰ G›?ŒG‹ŒŠ“ˆ™ˆ›?–•G–?GŠ–”—œ“š–™ Gˆ•‹G?™ŒŒG‰ˆš?ŠGŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G?–™G ˆ““UG{?ŒGlœŠˆ›?–•GhŠ›Gu–U]G–?GOˆ”Œ•‹Œ‹G?•GX``ZPG—™–??‹ŒšG›?ŒG–?Œ™ˆ““G —–“?Š G –™?Œ•›ˆ›?–•G –?G ›?ŒG šŒŠ›–™UG h“›?–œ??G Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•G ?ˆšG ‹ŒŠ“ˆ™Œ‹G ?™ŒŒSG Š–””œ•?› G ˆ•‹G ?•‹???‹œˆ“G Š–•›™?‰œ›?–•šG ˆ™ŒG Œ•Š–œ™ˆ?Œ‹G ˆ•‹G Š–•›™?‰œ›ŒG”œŠ?G?•G›?ŒGŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•G–?GŠ“ˆšš™––”šUGzœ——“ G–?GšŠ?––“G š›ˆ›?–•Œ™ NšG ˆ•‹G —™??ˆ›ŒG Š–š›G –?G šŠ?––“?•?G ?šG ›?ŒG ™Œš—–•š?‰?“?› G –?G —ˆ™Œ•›šUG G {?ŒG —–“?Š G –?G Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•G ?ˆšG ˆ“š–G ‰ŒŒ•G ?œ?‹Œ‹G ‰ G ?•›Œ™•ˆ›?–•ˆ“G‹ŒŠ“ˆ™ˆ›?–•šGˆ•‹GŠ–•?Œ•›?–•šGšœŠ?GˆšaTG G ƒ\03 t?““Œ••?œ”GkŒ?Œ“–—”Œ•›Gn–ˆ“šG?–™Gl‹œŠˆ›?–•GG ƒ\03 q–”›?Œ•GkŒŠ“ˆ™ˆ›?–•G–•Gl‹œŠˆ›?–•G?–™Gh““GOlmhPG?•G›?ŒG Œˆ™GYWWWG ƒ\03 {?ŒGŠ–•?Œ•›?–•G–•Gj??“‹™Œ•NšGy???›šGOjyjPUG ƒ\03 j–•?Œ•›?–•G –•G ›?ŒG l“?”?•ˆ›?–•G –?G k?šŠ™?”?•ˆ›?–•G ˆ?ˆ?•š›G ?–”Œ•G Ojlkh~PUG G {?ŒšŒG?“–‰ˆ“GŠ–””?›”Œ•›šGˆ?”šGˆ›GŒ”—–?Œ™?•?G›?ŒG—––™G?•Š“œ‹?•?G›?ŒG ?–”Œ•G›–G—œ™šœŒG›?Œ?™G?œ•‹ˆ”Œ•›ˆ“G?œ”ˆ•G™???›šSGšœŠ?GˆšGŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•SG ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G ˆ•‹G —™–›ŒŠ›?–•UG hšG —ˆ™›G –?G ?Œ™G Š–””?›”Œ•›G ›–G ›?ŒšŒG Š–•?Œ•›?–•šGˆ•‹G›–G—™–??‹?•?G‰ˆš?ŠGŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•SG?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G?ˆšGˆ‹–—›Œ‹G ›?ŒG?–““–??•?G—–“?Š Gˆ•‹G“Œ??š“ˆ›??ŒG›––“šbTG G ƒ\03 {?ŒG ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G l‹œŠˆ›?–•G hŠ›G –?G X`_YG Oˆ”Œ•‹Œ‹G ?•G X``ZPG ???Š?G ‹Œ??•Œ‹G›?ŒG™???›G›–GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G?–™GŒ?Œ™ GŠ?›?¡Œ•Gˆ•‹G“Œ?ˆ“?¡Œ‹G‰ˆš?ŠG Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•GˆšG?™ŒŒGˆ•‹GŠ–”—œ“š–™ UG G Page 23 24 ƒ\03 ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™Gl‹œŠˆ›?–•G—–“?Š G–?GX``XGOˆ”Œ•‹Œ‹G?•GX``\PG??›?Gš—ŒŠ???ŠG –‰‘ŒŠ›??ŒšG–?GŒ•šœ™?•?G›?ˆ›Gˆ““GŒ“???‰“ŒGŠ??“‹™Œ•G?Œ™ŒGŒ•™–““Œ‹G?•›–G ˆ•‹G?Œ™ŒGˆ››Œ•‹?•?GšŠ?––“SG—™–??š?–•G–?G?––‹Gˆ•‹G™Œ“Œ?ˆ•›G˜œˆ“?› G Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•Gˆ•‹G—™–??‹ŒGŒ˜œˆ“GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•ˆ“G–——–™›œ•?›?ŒšUG G {–?ˆ™‹šG?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G–?G›?ŒGl‹œŠˆ›?–•Gw–“?Š SG›?ŒGyn?G—™–‹œŠŒ‹G ?•GX``]SG›?ŒG?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™Gl‹œŠˆ›?–•Gtˆš›Œ™Gwˆ•GO?lthwPG?–™G›?ŒG•ŒŸ›G›Œ•G  Œˆ™šUG?lthwG?‹Œ•›???Œ‹G–‰‘ŒŠ›??ŒšGˆ•‹G—™–?™ˆ”šGˆ‹‹™Œšš?•?GˆŠŠŒššSG Œ˜œ?› SG˜œˆ“?› Gˆ•‹G™Œ“Œ?ˆ•ŠŒG?–™G‰ˆš?ŠGŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G›?ˆ›G?–œ“‹G—–š?›?–•G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™?šG›–G—™–‹œŠ›??Œ“ GŒ•›Œ™G›?ŒGYXš›GŠŒ•›œ™ UGp›G™ŒŠ–?•?¡Œ‹G›?ˆ›G ›?ŒGyn?G‰œ‹?Œ›G—™–??š?–•G›–GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•GŠ–œ“‹G•–›G”ŒŒ›G›?ŒG–‰‘ŒŠ›??ŒšG ˆ“–•ŒG ˆ•‹G Šˆ““Œ‹G –•G ›?ŒG Š–””œ•?› G ˆ•‹G Š???“G šŒŠ›–™G ›–G ‰ŒG —ˆ™›•Œ™šG ??›?G ›?ŒG ?–?Œ™•”Œ•›G ?•G ›??šG Œ•›Œ™—™?šŒUG p›G ˆ“š–G Šˆ““Œ‹G –•G ŒŸ›Œ™•ˆ“G –™?ˆ•?¡ˆ›?–•šG ›–G —ˆ™›•Œ™G ??›?G ›?ŒG nv?G ˆ•‹G Š???“G š–Š?Œ› G ?•G ›?ŒG —™–??š?–•G–?G•ŒŒ‹Œ‹GŠ–•›™?‰œ›?–•šG›–Gˆšš?š›G?›G›–G”ŒŒ›G?›šG?–ˆ“šUG G p•GYWWWSG›?ŒGnv?G™Œ“ŒˆšŒ‹G}?š?–•GYWYWSGˆGŠ–”—™Œ?Œ•š??ŒGš›ˆ›Œ”Œ•›G –?G–‰‘ŒŠ›??ŒšG?–™G›?ŒG??–“ŒGŠ–œ•›™ G?•Gˆ““GšŒŠ›–™šG›?ˆ›G™Œ?•?–™ŠŒ‹G›?ŒG –‰‘ŒŠ›??ŒšG–?G?lthwUG{?ŒG?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™Gw–?Œ™› GyŒ‹œŠ›?–•Gw“ˆ•GO?wywPG ?ˆšG‹Œ?Œ“–—Œ‹G›–GšŒ™?ŒGˆšGˆGš›™ˆ›Œ? G?–™G?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G–?G}?š?–•G YWYWSG ˆ•‹G?œ™›?Œ™G ‹Œ“?•Œˆ›Œ‹G ›?ŒG •ŒŒ‹šG –?G ›?ŒG l‹œŠˆ›?–•G zŒŠ›–™UGp•G YWWYG›?ŒG ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G l‹œŠˆ›?–•G zŒŠ›–™Gz›ˆ›œšG yŒ—–™›G—™–??‹Œ‹G?œ™›?Œ™G ?•‹?Šˆ›?–•G –•G ›?ŒG š›ˆ›œšG –?G ?lthwG ˆ•‹G  ?Œ“‹Œ‹G •Œ?G ‹ˆ›ˆG ›?ˆ›G Š–•??™”Œ‹G›?ˆ›G›?Œ™ŒG?ˆšGˆGŠ–•›?•œ?•?G•ŒŒ‹G›–G???–™–œš“ Gˆ‹‹™ŒššG›?ŒG ?ššœŒšG?‹Œ•›???Œ‹G?•G?lthwG??G˜œˆ“?› G“Œˆ™•?•?G?ˆšG›–G‰ŒGˆŠ??Œ?Œ‹UGG G iˆšŒ‹G –•G ›?ŒG ?lzjzySG t–l}{G ?ˆšG ‹Œ?Œ“–—Œ‹G ˆG •Œ?G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G l‹œŠˆ›?–•Gˆ•‹G{™ˆ?•?•?Gw–“?Š G???Š?Gˆ‹‹™ŒššŒ‹Gš›™œŠ›œ™ŒGˆ•‹G?–ŠœšG ?–™G Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G ?ˆšG ‰ŒŒ•G ˆ——™–?Œ‹G ‰ G ›?ŒG ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G o–œšŒG –?G yŒ—™ŒšŒ•›ˆ›??ŒšUGGp•G“?•ŒG??›?G›??šG—–“?Š SG›?ŒGyn?Gˆ•‹G›?ŒGŠ–””œ•?› G ?ˆ?ŒG‰ŒŒ•GˆŠ›??Œ“ Gˆ‹‹™Œšš?•?G›?ŒG?–ˆ“šGˆ•‹G–‰‘ŒŠ›??ŒšG?–™GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G ›?™–œ??G šœŠ?G —™–?™ˆ”šG ˆšG ?•Š™Œˆš?•?G ›?ŒG •œ”‰Œ™G –?G šŠ?––“šG ˆ•‹G Š“ˆšš™––”šSG —™–”–›?•?G Œ˜œ?› SG ‹Œ?Œ“–—?•?G ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™G ŠŒ•›Œ™šSG ˆ•‹G —™–”–›?•?G ‹?š›ˆ•ŠŒG “Œˆ™•?•?UG {??šG ?šG ›?ŒG —–“?Š G ?™ˆ”Œ?–™’G œ•‹Œ™G ???Š?G›?ŒG?zlwG?ˆšGŠ–•ŠŒ??Œ‹Gˆ•‹G‹Œ?Œ“–—Œ‹UGG G 4.2: F RAMEWORK FOR E NVIRONMENTAL M ANAGEMENT 4.2.1: Administrative set-up |•‹Œ™G h™›?Š“ŒG Y^G –?G ›?ŒG j–•š›?›œ›?–•G –?G ›?ŒG œ•?–•G n–?Œ™•”Œ•›G –?G {ˆ•¡ˆ•?ˆSG ›?ŒG —œ‰“?ŠG ?šG Šˆ““Œ‹G œ—–•G ›–G Œ•šœ™ŒG ›?ˆ›G ›?ŒG •ˆ›œ™ˆ“G Page 24 25 ™Œš–œ™ŠŒšG–?G›?ŒGŠ–œ•›™ Gˆ™ŒG”ˆ•ˆ?Œ‹G—™–—Œ™“ aG G OXPG l?Œ™ G —Œ™š–•G ?šG –‰“??Œ‹G ›–G šˆ?Œ?œˆ™‹G ˆ•‹G —™–›ŒŠ›G ›?ŒG •ˆ›œ™ˆ“G ™Œš–œ™ŠŒšG –?G ›?ŒG |•?›Œ‹G yŒ—œ‰“?ŠSG z›ˆ›ŒG —™–—Œ™› G ˆ•‹G ˆ““G —™–—Œ™› G ‘–?•›“ G–?•Œ‹G‰ G›?ŒG—Œ–—“ŒGG OYPG h““G —Œ™š–•šG š?ˆ““G ‰ G “ˆ?G ‰ŒG ™Œ˜œ?™Œ‹G ›–G šˆ?Œ?œˆ™‹G z›ˆ›ŒG ˆ•‹G Š–””œ•ˆ“G —™–—Œ™› SG ›–G Š–”‰ˆ›G ˆ““G ?–™”šG –?G ”?šˆ——™–—™?ˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G ?ˆš›ˆ?ŒGˆ•‹G›–G™œ•G›?ŒGŒŠ–•–” G–?G›?ŒG•ˆ›?–•Gˆšš?‹œ–œš“ SG??›?G›?ŒG ˆ››?›œ‹ŒG–?G—Œ–—“ŒG??–Gˆ™ŒG”ˆš›Œ™šG–?G›?ŒG?ˆ›ŒG–?G›?Œ?™G•ˆ›?–•UG G {??šG Š–•š›?›œ›?–•ˆ“G ŒŸ?–™›ˆ›?–•G —“ˆŠŒšG ›?ŒG ™Œš—–•š?‰?“?› G –?G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G –•G ›?ŒG š?–œ“‹Œ™šG –?G ˆ““G Š?›?¡Œ•šG ˆ•‹G ™Œš?‹Œ•›šG–?G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™UG{?ŒGulwG ˆ“š–G ™ŒŠ–?•?¡ŒšG›?ˆ›GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G ?šG •–›G ›?ŒG ™Œš—–•š?‰?“?› G –?G ˆG š?•?“ŒG ?–?Œ™•”Œ•›G ‹Œ—ˆ™›”Œ•›G ‰œ›G —“ˆŠŒšG ›?ŒG ™–“ŒG –?G Š––™‹?•ˆ›?–•G –?G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ”ˆ››Œ™šG ›–G ›?ŒG ‹Œ—ˆ™›”Œ•›G –?G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›G œ•‹Œ™G ›?ŒG t?•?š›™ G –?G t?•?š›™ G–?Gh?™?Šœ“›œ™ŒSGs??Œš›–Š’GMGl•??™–•”Œ•› UG G {?ŒG kŒ—ˆ™›”Œ•›G –?G l•??™–•”Œ•›aG hŠŠ–™‹?•?G ›–G ›?ŒG |•‹Œ™G ›?ŒG l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gtˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G?–™Gz›ˆ?•ˆ‰“ŒGkŒ?Œ“–—”Œ•›GhŠ›Gu–UGYG–?G X``]TG ›?ŒG šœ—™Œ”ŒG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G “ˆ?G ?•G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™SG ˆ‰š–“œ›ŒG ™Œš—–•š?‰?“?› G ?–™G ›?ŒG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›G ?•G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ?šG ?Œš›Œ‹G ?•G ›?ŒG t?•?š›™ G™Œš—–•š?‰“ŒG?–™GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›UGzŒŠ›?–•GX]GhŠ›Gu–UGYG–?GX``]G ?–?Œ?Œ™Gˆ““–?šG?–™GŠ™Œˆ›?–•G–?GˆGkŒ—ˆ™›”Œ•›G–?Gl•??™–•”Œ•›G???Š?G ‹™ˆ?šG ?›šG ˆœ›?–™?› G ?™–”G ›?ŒG t?•?š›Œ™G ™Œš—–•š?‰“ŒG ?–™G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›UG |•‹Œ™G zŒŠ›?–•G X`G –?G hŠ›G u–UG YG –?G X``]SG ›?ŒG kvlG ?šG Š?ˆ™?Œ‹G ??›?G ˆ”–•?G –›?Œ™šSG ›?ŒG ™Œš—–•š?‰?“?› G –?G –?Œ™TšŒŒ?•?G ?–™”œ“ˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G ?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G–?G•ˆ›?–•ˆ“GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G—–“?Š?ŒšSG›?œšG”ˆ’?•?G?›G›?ŒG ›ŒŠ?•?Šˆ“G ˆ‹??š–™G –•G ˆ““G ”ˆ››Œ™šG ›–œŠ??•?G –•G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™UGGm–™G—œ™—–šŒšG–?G›??šGlztmSG›?ŒGkvlG?šG›?ŒG ›ŒŠ?•?Šˆ“G™Œ?Œ™Œ•ŠŒG—–?•›G?•GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›UGG G 4.2.2: Policy Framework for Environmental Management {?ŒG yŒ?–“œ›?–•ˆ™ G n–?Œ™•”Œ•›G –?G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G —œ‰“?š?Œ‹G ›?ŒG uˆ›?–•ˆ“G l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G w–“?Š G ?–™G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ‹–Šœ”Œ•›G OulwPG ?•G X``YG ˆ•‹G š—ŒŠ???ŠG šŒŠ›–™ˆ“G —–“?Š?ŒšG šœŠ?G ˆšG ›?–šŒG –•G “ˆ•‹SG ”?•?•?SG Œ•Œ™? SG ?ˆ›Œ™SGˆ?™?Šœ“›œ™ŒSG—–—œ“ˆ›?–•Gˆ•‹G??š?Œ™?ŒšUG{?ŒGulwG™ŒŠ–?•?¡ŒšG›?ŒG lphG —™–ŠŒššG ˆšG ˆG ”Œˆ•šG –?G Œ•šœ™?•?G ›?ˆ›G •ˆ›œ™ˆ“G ™Œš–œ™ŠŒšG ˆ™ŒG š–œ•‹“ G ”ˆ•ˆ?Œ‹SG ˆ•‹G –?G ˆ?–?‹?•?G ŒŸ—“–?›ˆ›?–•G ?•G ?ˆ šG ›?ˆ›G ?–œ“‹G ŠˆœšŒG?™™Œ—ˆ™ˆ‰“ŒG‹ˆ”ˆ?ŒGˆ•‹Gš–Š?ˆ“GŠ–š›šUG Page 25 26 {?ŒGulwGšŒŒ’šG›–G—™–??‹ŒG›?ŒG?™ˆ”Œ?–™’G?–™G”ˆ’?•?G›?ŒG?œ•‹ˆ”Œ•›ˆ“G Š?ˆ•?ŒšG ›?ˆ›G ˆ™ŒG •ŒŒ‹Œ‹G ?•G –™‹Œ™G ›–G ?•Š–™—–™ˆ›ŒG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G Š–•š?‹Œ™ˆ›?–•šG ?•›–G ›?ŒG ”ˆ?•š›™Œˆ”G –?G ‹ŒŠ?š?–•G ”ˆ’?•?UG {?ŒG ulwG šŒŒ’šG›–G—™–??‹ŒG?œ?‹ˆ•ŠŒGˆ•‹G—“ˆ••?•?Gš›™ˆ›Œ??ŒšG?•G‹Œ›Œ™”?•?•?G?–?G ˆŠ›?–•šG š?–œ“‹G ‰ŒG —™?–™?›?¡Œ‹SG ˆ•‹G —™–??‹ŒšG ?–™G ›?ŒG ”–•?›–™?•?G ˆ•‹G ™Œ?œ“ˆ™G™Œ??Œ?G–?G—–“?Š?ŒšSG—“ˆ•šGˆ•‹G—™–?™ˆ”šUGp›G?œ™›?Œ™G—™–??‹ŒšG?–™G šŒŠ›–™ˆ“G ˆ•‹G Š™–ššTšŒŠ›–™ˆ“G —–“?Š G ˆ•ˆ“ š?šSG š–G ›?ˆ›G Š–”—ˆ›?‰?“?› G ˆ”–•?GšŒŠ›–™šGˆ•‹G?•›Œ™Œš›G?™–œ—šGŠˆ•G‰ŒGˆŠ??Œ?Œ‹Gˆ•‹G›?ŒGš •Œ™??ŒšG ‰Œ›?ŒŒ•G ›?Œ”G ŒŸ—“–?›Œ‹UG {?ŒG –?Œ™ˆ““G –‰‘ŒŠ›??ŒšG –?G ›?ŒG ulwG ˆ™ŒSG ›?Œ™Œ?–™ŒSG›?ŒG?–““–??•?aG G ƒ\03 {–G Œ•šœ™ŒG ›?ŒG šœš›ˆ?•ˆ‰?“?› SG šŒŠœ™?› G ˆ•‹G Œ˜œ?›ˆ‰“ŒG œšŒG –?G ™Œš–œ™ŠŒšG ?•G ”ŒŒ›?•?G ›?ŒG ‰ˆš?ŠG •ŒŒ‹šG –?G —™ŒšŒ•›G ˆ•‹G ?œ›œ™ŒG ?Œ•Œ™ˆ›?–•šG ??›?–œ›G ‹Œ?™ˆ‹?•?G ›?ŒG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›G –™G ™?š’?•?G ?Œˆ“›?G ˆ•‹Gšˆ?Œ› UG ƒ\03 {–G—™Œ?Œ•›Gˆ•‹GŠ–•›™–“G›?ŒG‹Œ?™ˆ‹ˆ›?–•G–?G“ˆ•‹SG?ˆ›Œ™SG?Œ?Œ›ˆ›?–•SG ˆ•‹Gˆ?™SG???Š?GŠ–•š›?›œ›ŒG–œ™G“??ŒGšœ——–™›Gš š›Œ”šUG ƒ\03 {–G Š–•šŒ™?ŒG ˆ•‹G Œ•?ˆ•ŠŒG –œ™G •ˆ›œ™ˆ“G ˆ•‹G ”ˆ•T”ˆ‹ŒG ?Œ™?›ˆ?ŒSG ?•Š“œ‹?•?G›?ŒG‰?–“–??Šˆ“G‹??Œ™š?› G–?G{ˆ•¡ˆ•?ˆ šGœ•?˜œŒGŒŠ–š š›Œ”šUG ƒ\03 {–G?”—™–?ŒG›?ŒGŠ–•‹?›?–•G ˆ•‹G—™–‹œŠ›???› G –?G‹Œ?™ˆ‹Œ‹G ˆ™ŒˆšSG ˆšG ?Œ““G ˆšG™œ™ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gœ™‰ˆ•GšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›šSG?•G–™‹Œ™G›?ˆ›G ˆ““G {ˆ•¡ˆ•?ˆ•šG ”ˆ G “??ŒG ?•G šˆ?ŒSG ?Œˆ“›? SG —™–‹œŠ›??ŒG ˆ•‹G ˆŒš›?Œ›?Šˆ““ G —“Œˆš?•?G šœ™™–œ•‹?•?šUG ƒ\03 {–G™ˆ?šŒG—œ‰“?ŠGˆ?ˆ™Œ•ŒššGˆ•‹Gœ•‹Œ™š›ˆ•‹?•?G–?G›?ŒGŒššŒ•›?ˆ“G“?•’šG ‰Œ›?ŒŒ•G ›?ŒG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›G ˆ•‹G ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›SG ˆ•‹G ›–G —™–”–›ŒG ?•‹???‹œˆ“Gˆ•‹GŠ–””œ•?› G—ˆ™›?Š?—ˆ›?–•G?•GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“GˆŠ›?–•UG ƒ\03 {–G—™–”–›ŒG?•›Œ™•ˆ›?–•ˆ“GŠ––—Œ™ˆ›?–•G–•G›?ŒGŒ•??™–•”Œ•›Gˆ?Œ•‹ˆSG ˆ•‹GŒŸ—ˆ•‹G—ˆ™›?Š?—ˆ›?–•Gˆ•‹GŠ–•›™?‰œ›?–•G›–G™Œ“Œ?ˆ•›G‰?“ˆ›Œ™ˆ“SGšœ‰G ™Œ??–•ˆ“SG™Œ??–•ˆ“SGˆ•‹G?“–‰ˆ“G–™?ˆ•?¡ˆ›?–•šGˆ•‹G—™–?™ˆ”šSG?•Š“œ‹?•?G ›?ŒG?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G–?G›™Œˆ›?ŒšUG G 4.2.3 Legislati v e Framework Environmental Management G {?ŒG yn?G —œ‰“?š?Œ‹G ›?ŒG l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G tˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G ?–™G zœš›ˆ?•ˆ‰“ŒG kŒ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G hŠ›G Ou–G YG –?G X``]PG ˆšG ›?ŒG –?Œ™™?‹?•?G ?™ˆ”Œ?–™’G “Œ??š“ˆ›?–•G?–™GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G—™–›ŒŠ›?–•G?•G›?ŒGpš“ŒšUGG {ˆ‰“ŒG [UXG š?–?šG ›?ŒG ?ˆ™?–œšG —–“?Š?ŒšG ˆ•‹G “ˆ?šG ›?ˆ›G ™Œ“ˆ›ŒG ›–G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›UG Page 26 27 {ˆ‰“ŒG[UXaGGsˆ?šG™Œ“ˆ›?•?G›–GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G hŠ›G rŒ Gl“Œ”Œ•›šG p”—“Œ”Œ•›?•?Ghœ›?–™?› G {?ŒG l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G tˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G ?–™G zœš›ˆ?•ˆ‰“ŒG kŒ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G hŠ›GG u–UGYG–?GX``]G G {?ŒG hŠ›G —™–??‹ŒšG ›?ŒG ‰ˆš?šG ?–™G š–œ•‹GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G ˆ•‹G‰?•‹šG›?ŒG?–?Œ™•”Œ•›Gˆ•‹G?›šG —Œ–—“ŒG›–G?–™’G›–?ˆ™‹šGŒ•šœ™?•?G ˆG Š“Œˆ•G ˆ•‹G ?Œˆ“›? G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›G ?–™Gˆ““UG kŒ—ˆ™›”Œ•›G –?G l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ?Œˆ‹Œ‹G ‰ G ˆGk?™ŒŠ›–™G G {?ŒG m–™Œš›G yŒš–œ™ŠŒšG tˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G ˆ•‹G j–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•GhŠ›Gu–G XWG–?GX``]UGG wœ™—–šŒG ?šG ›–G —™–”–›ŒG ›?ŒG —™–›ŒŠ›?–•SG Š–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G –?G ?–™Œš›G ™Œš–œ™ŠŒšG ?–™G ›?ŒG š–Š?ˆ“SG ŒŠ–•–”?ŠG ˆ•‹G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G‰Œ•Œ??›šG–?G—™ŒšŒ•›G ˆ•‹G ?œ›œ™ŒG ?Œ•Œ™ˆ›?–•šG –?G ›?ŒG —Œ–—“ŒG–?G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™UGG kŒ—ˆ™›”Œ•›G –?GG j–””Œ™Š?ˆ“G j™–—šSG m™œ?›šG ˆ•‹Gm–™Œš›šG ~?“‹G h•?”ˆ“šG w™–›ŒŠ›?–•G kŒŠ™ŒŒG jˆ—GXY_Gˆ•‹GG ~?“‹G‰?™‹šG—™–›ŒŠ›?–•G kŒŠ™ŒŒSGjˆ—GXY`G {?ŒšŒG ‹ŒŠ™ŒŒšG —™–›ŒŠ›G ??“‹“??ŒG ˆ•‹G ?Œ?Œ›ˆ›?–•G ‰ G ™Œš›™?Š›?•?G ›?ŒG œ›?“?¡ˆ›?–•G –?G ??“‹“??ŒG ›–G “?ŠŒ•šŒT ?–“‹Œ™šUG {?ŒG œšŒG –?G šŒ•š?›??ŒG ??“‹“??ŒG ?ˆ‰?›ˆ›šG ?šG ™Œš›™?Š›Œ‹G ‹œ™?•?G ŠŒ™›ˆ?•G ›?”ŒšG –?G ›?ŒG  Œˆ™G –™G?–™Gš—ŒŠ???Œ‹G—Œ™?–‹šUG kŒ—ˆ™›”Œ•›G –?GG j–””Œ™Š?ˆ“G j™–—šSG m™œ?›šG ˆ•‹Gm–™Œš›šG ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G tœ•?Š?—ˆ“G j–œ•Š?“GhŠ›SGu–GZG–?G X``\UGG G {?ŒG k?š›™?Š›šG ˆ•‹G {–?•G j–œ•Š?“šG hŠ›G •–UG[G–?GX``\UG i–›?G hŠ›šG —™–??‹ŒG ?–™G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G —™–›ŒŠ›?–•G ˆ›G ?™ˆšš™––›šG “Œ?Œ“G ‰ G ????•?G “Œ?ˆ“G ™ŒŠ–?•?›?–•G ›–G Š–””œ•?› G ‰ˆšŒ‹G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G—“ˆ•šUG G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G tœ•?Š?—ˆ“G j–œ•Š?“SG k?š›™?Š›G hššŒ”‰“?ŒšG ˆ•‹G {–?•G j–œ•Š?“šUGGG {?ŒG z›–•ŒG {–?•G j–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•G hœ›?–™?› G hŠ›G u–UG ZG –?GX``[UGG {??šG hŠ›G —™–??‹ŒšG ?–™G ›?ŒG Š–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G šœš›ˆ?•ˆ‰“ŒG ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G–?G›?ŒG™?Š?G??š›–™ G–?G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™ šG z›–•ŒG {–?•G ???“ŒG ˆ““–??•?G ?–™G ?›šG Š–””Œ™Š?ˆ“G œ›?“?¡ˆ›?–•UG {?ŒG z›–•ŒG {–?•G j–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G kŒ?Œ“–—”Œ•›Ghœ›?–™?› UGG {?ŒG {–?•G ˆ•‹G j–œ•›™ G w“ˆ••?•?G kŒŠ™ŒŒG OjhwG _\PbT z›–•ŒG{–?•Gwˆ••?•?G yŒ?œ“ˆ›?–•šG–?GX``[UG {?ŒšŒG ™Œ?œ“ˆ›?–•šG Š–”—“Œ”Œ•›G hŠ›G •–UG ZG –?G X``[G ‰ G —™–??‹?•?G ?œ?‹Œ“?•ŒšG ?–™G ™–œ›?•ŒG ”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G –?G ˆ??ˆ?™šG –?G ›?ŒG š›–•ŒG›–?•UGyŒ“Œ?ˆ•›G›–G›?ŒG?zlwSG ›?ŒšŒG ™Œ?œ“ˆ›?–•šG š—ŒŠ?? G Šˆ›Œ?–™?ŒšG –?G ‰œ?“‹?•?G ›?ˆ›G ˆ™ŒG “?š›Œ‹G?–™Gš—ŒŠ?ˆ“G—™–›ŒŠ›?–•UGG z›–•ŒG{–?•Gj–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G kŒ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G hœ›?–™?› UGGG G Page 27 28 G 4.2.4 International Conventions |•‹Œ™G ›?ŒG |•?–•G ??›?G {ˆ•¡ˆ•?ˆSG ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ?šG ˆG —ˆ™› G ›–G ”ˆ• G ?•›Œ™•ˆ›?–•ˆ“G ˆ?™ŒŒ”Œ•›šG –•G i?–‹??Œ™š?› SG j“?”ˆ›ŒG j?ˆ•?ŒSG ˆ•‹G kŒšŒ™›???Šˆ›?–•UG G {?–šŒG Š–•š?‹Œ™Œ‹G Š™?›?Šˆ“G ›–G ?zlwG ˆ™ŒG ????“???›Œ‹G ‰Œ“–?aTG ƒ\03 j–•?Œ•›?–•G j–•ŠŒ™•?•?G ›?ŒG w™–›ŒŠ›?–•G –?G ›?ŒG ~–™“‹G jœ“›œ™ˆ“G ˆ•‹G uˆ›œ™ˆ“G oŒ™?›ˆ?ŒSG wˆ™?šG OX`^YPbG TG ›?ŒG ŠˆšŒG –?G ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›šG ?•G z›–•ŒG{–?•SG?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™UGG ƒ\03 j–•?Œ•›?–•G–•Gi?–“–??Šˆ“Gk??Œ™š?› GOX``YPTGp”—–™›ˆ•›G?ˆ‰?›ˆ›šGšœŠ?G ˆšGq–¡ˆ•?Tj??ˆ’ˆGiˆ GGŠ–”—“ŒŸG ƒ\03 j–•?Œ•›?–•G–•Gp•›Œ™•ˆ›?–•ˆ“G{™ˆ‹ŒG?•Gl•‹ˆ•?Œ™Œ‹Gz—ŒŠ?ŒšG–?G~?“‹G mˆœ•ˆG ˆ•‹G m“–™ˆG Ojp{lzPG OX`^ZPTv?Œ™ŒŸ—“–?›ˆ›?–•G –?G ”ˆ™?•ŒG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›šG?šGˆG”ˆ‘–™GŠ–•ŠŒ™•G?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™UGG ƒ\03 |uG j–•?Œ•›?–•G ›–G j–”‰ˆ›G kŒšŒ™›???Šˆ›?–•G ?•G j–œ•›™?ŒšG lŸ—Œ™?Œ•Š?•?GzŒ™?–œšGk™–œ??›Gˆ•‹V–™GkŒšŒ™›???Šˆ›?–•G—ˆ™›?Šœ“ˆ™“ G?•G h?™?ŠˆG OX``[PTG kŒ?–™Œš›ˆ›?–•G ?šG Šœ™™Œ•›“ G ˆG šŒ?Œ™ŒG —™–‰“Œ”G ?•G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™UGG ƒ\03 sœšˆ’ˆG h?™ŒŒ”Œ•›G –•G j–T–—Œ™ˆ›??ŒG l•?–™ŠŒ”Œ•›G v—Œ™ˆ›?–•šG k?™ŒŠ›Œ‹Gˆ›G?““Œ?ˆ“G{™ˆ‹ŒG?•G~?“‹Gmˆœ•ˆGˆ•‹Gm“–™ˆGOX``[PG ƒ\03 t–•›™Œˆ“G w™–›–Š–“G –•G zœ‰š›ˆ•ŠŒšG ›?ˆ›G kŒ—“Œ›ŒG ›?ŒG v¡–•ŒG sˆ Œ™G OX`_^PTG ƒ\03 w? ›–Tšˆ•?›ˆ™ Gj–•?Œ•›?–•G?–™Gh?™?ŠˆSGr?•š?ˆšˆGOX`]^PG ƒ\03 |uGj–•?Œ•›?–•G–•G›?ŒGsˆ?G–?G›?ŒGzŒˆGOX`_YPG ƒ\03 |uGm™ˆ”Œ?–™’Gj–•?Œ•›?–•G–•Gj“?”ˆ›ŒGj?ˆ•?ŒGOX``YGPG G 4.2.5 The EIA Process in Zanzibar m–™”œ“ˆ›?–•G –?G ?œ?‹Œ“?•ŒšG ?–™G lphG ˆšG —™–??‹Œ‹G ?–™G ?•G ›?ŒG l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gtˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G?–™Gzœš›ˆ?•ˆ‰“ŒGkŒ?Œ“–—”Œ•›GhŠ›G?šG Œ›G›–G ›ˆ’ŒG—“ˆŠŒUGhšGšœŠ?SG›?ŒG–•“ G?œ?‹Œ“?•ŒšG?–™GlphGˆ™ŒG›?–šŒG–œ›“?•Œ‹G?•G hŠ›Gu–UGZG–?GX``]UGG{?ŒGlphG—™–ŠŒ‹œ™ŒG?•?–“?ŒšG›?ŒG?–““–??•?aG G yŒ??š›Œ™?•?G ˆG —™–‘ŒŠ›a G {?ŒG —™–—–•Œ•›G ?šG ™Œ˜œ?™Œ‹G ›–G ™Œ??š›Œ™G ›?ŒG —™–‘ŒŠ›G??›?G›?ŒGk–lG‰ G?ˆ G–?G—™Œ—ˆ™ˆ›?–•G–?GˆGw™–‘ŒŠ›GyŒ—–™›UGp?G?› šG ˆ•G?•?Œš›”Œ•›G—™–‘ŒŠ›SG›?ŒG—™–—–•Œ•›Gšœ‰”?›šGˆG—™–‘ŒŠ›G—™–??“ŒG›–G?pwhG ???Š?G›?Œ•G‹?š›™?‰œ›ŒšG?›G›–GŠ–•ŠŒ™•Œ‹GkŒ—ˆ™›”Œ•›šG?–™GŠ–””Œ•›šG›–G ‹Œ›Œ™”?•ŒG ›?ŒG •ŒŒ‹G –™G –›?Œ™??šŒG ?–™G ˆ•G lphUG G G ?pwhG ›?Œ•G Šˆ““šG ˆG ›ŒŠ?•?Šˆ“G”ŒŒ›?•?bTG›?ŒG?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™Gp•?Œš›Gj–””?››ŒŒG”ŒŒ›?•?G›–G™Œ??Œ?G ™Œ—–™›Gˆ•‹G‹Œ›Œ™”?•ŒG??Œ›?Œ™GlphG?šG™Œ˜œ?™Œ‹UGp›G?šGˆ›G›??šGš›ˆ?ŒG›?ˆ›G ›?ŒG ‹ŒŠ?š?–•G ?šG ”ˆ‹ŒG ??Œ›?Œ™G ›–G Š–•‹œŠ›G ˆ•G G lphG –™G •–›G ˆ•‹G ›?ŒG Page 28 29 —™–‘ŒŠ›G?šGŠ“ˆšš???Œ‹G›–G‹Œ›Œ™”?•ŒG›?ŒG“Œ?Œ“Gˆ›G???Š?G›?ŒGŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ˆššŒšš”Œ•›Gš?–œ“‹G‰ŒGŠˆ™™?Œ‹G–œ›UG G zŠ™ŒŒ•?•?a G ~?Œ™ŒG ˆ•G lphG ?šG ‹ŒŒ”Œ‹G •ŒŠŒššˆ™ SG ›?ŒG p•?Œš›–™G ?šG ™Œ˜œ?™Œ‹G›–GŠ–•›ˆŠ›G??›?GkvlG???Š?GšŠ™ŒŒ•šG›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›G›–G‹Œ?Œ“–—G {vyGˆ•‹Gšœ??Œš›GŠ–•šœ“›ˆ•›šG›–Gœ•‹Œ™›ˆ’ŒGlphUGG G yŒ??Œ?G–?G›?ŒGlpza GlphG?šG›?Œ•Gœ•‹Œ™›ˆ’Œ•Gˆ•‹G™Œ—–™›Gšœ‰”?››Œ‹G›–G kvlG?–™G™Œ??Œ?UGhG{ŒŠ?•?Šˆ“GyŒ??Œ?Gj–””?››ŒŒGŒš›ˆ‰“?š?Œ‹G‰ G›?ŒG ultjG™Œ??Œ?šG›?ŒGlphGˆ•‹G‹ŒŠ?‹ŒšG??Œ›?Œ™G›?ŒGlphG?šGˆŠŠŒ—›ˆ‰“ŒG–™G •–›UG G p?G›?ŒGlphG?šGˆ——™–?Œ‹SG›?ŒGkvlG?ššœŒšGˆ•GlphGjŒ™›???Šˆ›ŒG›–GŠ–•??™”G ›?ˆ›G›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›G”ˆ G—™–ŠŒŒ‹UG{?ŒG—™–ŠŒššG›ˆ’ŒšG]WT`WG‹ˆ šG‰œ›G›?ŒG {vyGŒŸ—?™ŒšG??›??•G–•ŒG Œˆ™G–?G?ššœŒG??G›?ŒG™Œš—ŒŠ›??ŒGlphG?ˆšG•–›G ‰ŒŒ•G œ•‹Œ™›ˆ’Œ•UG {?ŒG lphG —™–ŠŒ‹œ™ŒG ?•G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ™Œ˜œ?™ŒšG —œ‰“?ŠG Š–•šœ“›ˆ›?–•UGGG G hœ‹?›?•?G ›?ŒG Š–”—“Œ›Œ‹G —™–‘ŒŠ›a G {?ŒG kvlG œ•‹Œ™›ˆ’ŒšG —Œ™?–‹?ŠG ˆ•‹G ?•‹Œ—Œ•‹Œ•›Gˆœ‹?›šG–?G›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›UGkŒ—Œ•‹?•?G–•G?›šG??•‹?•?šSG?›G??““G ?ššœŒGˆ•Gl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Ghœ‹?›?•?GyŒ—–™›UG G 4.3 W ORLD B ANK ’ S S AFEGUARD P OLICIES |•‹Œ™G vwG [UWXG Š–•ŠŒ™•?•?G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ˆššŒšš”Œ•›SG ›?ŒG ?zlwG ~rjkkG?šGjˆ›Œ?–™ GiGˆ•‹G›??šGlztmG?ˆšG›?Œ™Œ?–™ŒG‰ŒŒ•G‹Œš??•Œ‹G›–G Œ•šœ™ŒG›?ˆ›Gˆ““G?•?Œš›”Œ•›šGœ•‹Œ™G›?ŒG?zlwG??““GŠ–”—“ G??›?Gˆ““G›?ŒG l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G“ˆ?šG–?G›?ŒGyŒ?–“œ›?–•ˆ™ Gn–?Œ™•”Œ•›G–?G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™Gˆ•‹G ›?ŒGl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gz–Š?ˆ“Gzˆ?Œ?œˆ™‹Gw–“?Š?ŒšG–?G›?ŒG~–™“‹Giˆ•’UG p•G ›??šG Š?ˆ—›Œ™SG ›?ŒG ~–™“‹G iˆ•’ šG šˆ?Œ?œˆ™‹šG —–“?Š?ŒšG “?’Œ“ G ›–G ‰ŒG ›™???Œ™Œ‹G‰ G›?ŒG?zlwGˆ™ŒG????“???›Œ‹G???“ŒG‰™?Œ?G›ŒŸ›šGˆ™ŒG—™–??‹Œ‹G ?•Gh••ŒŸGv•ŒUG{?Œ G?•Š“œ‹ŒaTG ƒ\03 l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“GhššŒšš”Œ•›GOvw[UWXSGiwG[UWXSGnwG[UWXPGG ƒ\03 uˆ›œ™ˆ“Goˆ‰?›ˆ›šGOvwG[UW[SGiwG[UW[SGnwG[UW[PG ƒ\03 m–™Œš›™ GOvwG[UZ]SGnwG[UZ]PG ƒ\03 wŒš›Gtˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›GOvwG[UW`PGG ƒ\03 jœ“›œ™ˆ“Gw™–—Œ™› GOvwuGXXUWZPG ƒ\03 p•‹??Œ•–œšGwŒ–—“ŒšGOvkG[UYWPG ƒ\03 p•?–“œ•›ˆ™ GyŒšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›GOvwViwG[UXYPG ƒ\03 zˆ?Œ› G–?Gkˆ”šGOvwG[UZ^SGiwG[UZ^PG ƒ\03 w™–‘ŒŠ›šG–•Gp•›Œ™•ˆ›?–•ˆ“G~ˆ›Œ™šGOvwG^U\WSGiwG^U\WSGnwG^U\WPG Page 29 30 ƒ\03 w™–‘ŒŠ›šG?•Gk?š—œ›Œ‹Gh™ŒˆšGOvwG^U]WSGiwG^U]WSGnwG^U]WPG G p•G —™Œ—ˆ™?•?G ›??šG lztmSG ˆG Š–•š?‹Œ™ˆ›?–•G –?G ›?ŒG › —ŒG –?G ?œ›œ™ŒG ?•?Œš›”Œ•›šG—“ˆ••Œ‹G??šTæT??šG›?ŒG‰ˆšŒ“?•ŒG‹ˆ›ˆG—™ŒšŒ•›Œ‹G?•Gj?ˆ—›Œ™G ZGˆ?ˆ?•š›G›?ŒG™Œ˜œ?™Œ”Œ•›šG–?G›?ŒGiˆ•’Gzˆ?Œ?œˆ™‹G—–“?Š?ŒšSG?ˆšG“Œ‹G›–G ›?ŒG‹Œ›Œ™”?•ˆ›?–•G›?ˆ›G{?™ŒŒGG~–™“‹GGiˆ•’Gšˆ?Œ?œˆ™‹G—–“?Š?ŒšG??““G‰ŒG ›™???Œ™Œ‹G•ˆ”Œ“ aTG O?PG vwG[UWXG–•Gl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“GhššŒšš”Œ•›G O??PG vwG[UXYG–•Gp•?–“œ•›ˆ™ GyŒšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›Gˆ•‹SGG O???PG vwViwG[UXXG–•Gw? š?Šˆ“Gjœ“›œ™ˆ“GyŒš–œ™ŠŒšGG G i™?Œ?GŠ–””Œ•›ˆ™?ŒšG–•G™Œˆš–•šG?? GŒˆŠ?Gšˆ?Œ?œˆ™‹G??““G‰ŒG›™???Œ™Œ‹G ˆ•‹Gšˆ?Œ?œˆ™‹G”Œˆšœ™ŒšGˆ™ŒG—™ŒšŒ•›Œ‹G‰Œ“–?aTG G O?PG Gl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“GhššŒšš”Œ•›GOvw[UWXSGiwG[UWXSGnwG[UWXPG vwG [UWXG ™Œ˜œ?™ŒšG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ˆššŒšš”Œ•›G OlhPG –?G —™–‘ŒŠ›šG —™–—–šŒ‹G ?–™G iˆ•’G ??•ˆ•Š?•?G ›–G ?Œ“—G Œ•šœ™ŒG ›?ˆ›G ›?Œ G ˆ™ŒG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ““ Gš–œ•‹Gˆ•‹Gšœš›ˆ?•ˆ‰“ŒSGˆ•‹G›?œšG›–G?”—™–?ŒG‹ŒŠ?š?–•G ”ˆ’?•?UG {?ŒG lhG ?šG ˆG —™–ŠŒššG ??–šŒG ‰™Œˆ‹›?SG ‹Œ—›?SG ˆ•‹G › —ŒG –?G ˆ•ˆ“ š?šG ‹Œ—Œ•‹G –•G ›?ŒG •ˆ›œ™ŒSG šŠˆ“ŒSG ˆ•‹G —–›Œ•›?ˆ“G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ?”—ˆŠ›G–?G›?ŒG—™–?™ˆ”G?•?Œš›”Œ•›šVˆŠ›???›?ŒšGœ•‹Œ™G›?ŒG?zlwUG{?ŒGlhG 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Š–•š›™œŠ›?–•G—™–?™ˆ”G ˆ•‹G ›?Œ™Œ‰ G ‹Œ›Œ™”?•ŒG ›?ŒG Š–™™Œš—–•‹?•?G ”?›??ˆ›?–•G ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG ›–G ?•Š–™—–™ˆ›ŒG?•›–G›?Œ?™G—“ˆ••Œ‹GˆŠ›???›?ŒšUGzŒŠ›?–•G`UWGšŒ›šG›?ŒG™Œ“Œ?ˆ•›G —™–ŠŒššGˆ•‹G™Œ˜œ?™Œ”Œ•›šG?–™GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gš–Š?ˆ“G”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›UGG G O??PG Gp•?–“œ•›ˆ™ GyŒšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›GOvwViwG[UXYPG z??•???Šˆ•›GŒ??–™›šGˆ™ŒG›–G‰ŒG”ˆ‹ŒG?•G›?ŒG‹Œš??•Gˆ•‹GšŠ™ŒŒ•?•?Gš›ˆ?ŒšG –?G ›?ŒG šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G šŠ?––“šG Š–•š›™œŠ›?–•G —™–?™ˆ”G ??•ˆ•ŠŒ‹G œ•‹Œ™G ›?ŒG ?zlwSG›–Gˆ?–?‹G?”—ˆŠ›šG–•G—Œ–—“ŒSG“ˆ•‹SG—™–—Œ™› SG?•Š“œ‹?•?G—Œ–—“Œ šG ˆŠŠŒššG›–G•ˆ›œ™ˆ“Gˆ•‹G–›?Œ™GŒŠ–•–”?ŠG™Œš–œ™ŠŒšSGˆšG?ˆ™GˆšG—–šš?‰“ŒUG u–›??›?š›ˆ•‹?•?SG“ˆ•‹GˆŠ˜œ?š?›?–•SGŠ–”—Œ•šˆ›?–•Gˆ•‹G™ŒšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›G–?G —Œ–—“ŒGšŒŒ”G?•Œ??›ˆ‰“ŒG?–™Gš–”ŒGšŒ“ŒŠ›Œ‹GšŠ?––“Gš?›ŒšUGG{??šGš–Š?ˆ“G ?ššœŒG ?šG –?G Š™œŠ?ˆ“G Š–•ŠŒ™•G ›–G ›?ŒG n–?Œ™•”Œ•›G –?G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ˆ•‹G ›?ŒG Page 31 32 iˆ•’SG ˆšG ?›šG ?”—ˆŠ›G –•G —–?Œ™› SG ??G “Œ?›G œ•”?›??ˆ›Œ‹SG ?šG •Œ?ˆ›??ŒSG ?””Œ‹?ˆ›ŒGˆ•‹G??‹Œš—™Œˆ‹UG{?œšSGvwG[UXYG??““G‰ŒG›™???Œ™Œ‹G?•G›?–šŒG ŠˆšŒšUG {?œšG ˆG yŒšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›G w–“?Š G m™ˆ”Œ?–™’G OywmPG ?šG œ•‹Œ™G —™Œ—ˆ™ˆ›?–•G‰ G›?ŒGyn?G?–™Gˆ——™–?ˆ“G‰ G›?ŒGiˆ•’G?•GŠ–”—“?ˆ•ŠŒG??›?G vwG [UXYUG {?ŒG ywmG šŒ›šG ›?ŒG ?œ?‹Œ“?•ŒšG ?–™G ›?ŒG yŒšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›G ˆ•‹G j–”—Œ•šˆ›?–•Gw“ˆ•šGOyhwšPG›?ˆ›G?–œ“‹G?ˆ?ŒG›–G‰ŒG—™Œ—ˆ™Œ‹G??Œ•Gˆ• G —™–?™ˆ”G?•?Œš›”Œ•›G›™???Œ™šG›??šG—–“?Š UG{?ŒGyhwšG?–œ“‹G‰ŒG—™Œ—ˆ™Œ‹G ‰ G ›?ŒG zŠ?––“G i–ˆ™‹šG ˆ•‹G ?–œ“‹G ?ˆ?ŒG ›–G ‰ŒG šœ‰”?››Œ‹G ›–G ›?Œ?™G ™Œš—ŒŠ›??ŒG k?š›™?Š›G l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G j––™‹?•ˆ›–™G G G ?–™G ˆ——™–?ˆ“UG {?ŒG yhwšG?–œ“‹Gˆ“š–G?ˆ?ŒG›–G‰ŒGˆ——™–?Œ‹G‰ G›?ŒGiˆ•’GˆšGˆGŠ–•‹?›?–•G?–™G ›?ˆ›G—ˆ™›?Šœ“ˆ™GšŠ?––“GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•G›–G‰ŒG??•ˆ•ŠŒ‹UGG G O???PG Gw? š?Šˆ“Gjœ“›œ™ˆ“GyŒš–œ™ŠŒšGOvwViwG[UXXPG |•‹Œ™G›??šGlztmSG›?ŒG?zlwG??““G•–›Gšœ——–™›Gšœ‰—™–‘ŒŠ›šG›?ˆ›G?•?–“?ŒG ›?ŒGš??•???Šˆ•›GŠ–•?Œ™š?–• 250.5 494.9 8.0 5.2 0 : Y G–™G‹Œ?™ˆ‹ˆ›?–•G–?GŠ™?›?Šˆ“G•ˆ›œ™ˆ“G?ˆ‰?›ˆ›šUG {?ŒG “ˆ››Œ™G ‹ŒšŠ™?‰Œ‹G ˆšG “ˆ•‹G ˆ•‹G ?ˆ›Œ™G ˆ™ŒˆšG ??–šŒG ŒŠ–“–??Šˆ“G ?œ•Š›?–•šG?ˆ?ŒG•–›G‰ŒŒ•GŒššŒ•›?ˆ““ G”–‹???Œ‹G‰ G?œ”ˆ•GˆŠ›???›?ŒšSGˆ•‹G ›?ˆ›Gˆ™ŒG—™–›ŒŠ›Œ‹G‰ G?–?Œ™•”Œ•›GOŒU?UG—ˆ™’šSG~–™“‹GoŒ™?›ˆ?ŒGz?›ŒšPG –™G‰ G›™ˆ‹?›?–•GOŒU?UGšˆŠ™Œ‹G?™–?ŒšPbGG?ˆ?ŒG’•–?•G????Gšœ?›ˆ‰?“?› G?–™G ‰?–‹??Œ™š?› G Š–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•bG –™G G ˆ™ŒG Š™?›?Šˆ“G ?–™G ™ˆ™ŒSG ?œ“•Œ™ˆ‰“ŒSG ”??™ˆ›–™ SG –™G Œ•‹ˆ•?Œ™Œ‹G š—ŒŠ?ŒšUG vwG [UW[G ??““G “ˆ™?Œ“ G •–›G ‰ŒG ›™???Œ™Œ‹G ˆšG ›?ŒG ?zlwG ??““G •–›G ??•ˆ•ŠŒG Š–•š›™œŠ›?–•G ?•G —™–›ŒŠ›Œ‹G ˆ™ŒˆšUGo–?Œ?Œ™SG???Œ•G›?ˆ›G›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›G??““Gšœ——–™›G™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G–?G —™–—Œ™›?ŒšG ?•G z›–•ŒG {–?•SG ???Š?G ?šG —™ŒšŒ™?Œ‹G ˆšG Šœ“›œ™ˆ“G ?Œ™?›ˆ?ŒG š?›ŒSG›??šGlztmG?ˆšG?•‰œ?“›G”–‹ˆ“?›?ŒšG?–™G‹Œˆ“?•?G??›?G™Œ˜œ?™Œ”Œ•›šG–?G vwViwG[UXXUG G O??PG v›?Œ™G~iGšˆ?Œ?œˆ™‹G—–“?Š?ŒšGˆ™ŒG‹ŒŒ”Œ‹G•–›G›–G‰ŒGˆ——“?Šˆ‰“ŒG›–G ›?ŒG?zlwU GGvwG[UW`GOwŒš›Gtˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›PG?šG•–›G›™???Œ™Œ‹GˆšG?zlwG‹–ŒšG •–›G›ˆ™?Œ›Gˆ?™?Šœ“›œ™ŒUGG j–•š›™œŠ›?–•G–?GšŠ?––“šGœ•‹Œ™G?zlwG›–œŠ?ŒšG–•GvwG[UZ]GOm–™Œš›™ PG–•G ˆŠŠ–œ•›G–?GŠ–•šœ”—›?–•G–?G›?”‰Œ™Gˆ•‹G?––‹G‹œ™?•?GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•Gˆ•‹G ›?ŒG•ŒŒ‹G›–Gšœš›ˆ?•ˆ‰“ Gšœ——“ G?œŒ“G?––‹G›–G›?ŒG?•š›?›œ›?–•šUGo–?Œ?Œ™SG 2 6LJQLILFDQW\03 FRQYHUVLRQ\03 means eliminating or severely reducing the integrity of a natural habitat through long-term change in land or water use. It may include, for example, land clearing; replacement of natural vegetation; permanent flooding; and drainage, dredging, filling, or channelization of wetlands. It can occur as the result of severe pollution. And, it can result directly from subproject activities or indirectly (e.g. through induced settlement along a road). Page 32 33 ???Œ•G ›?ˆ›G vwG [UZ^G Ozˆ?Œ› G –?G kˆ”šPG ?•›™–‹œŠŒšG š—ŒŠ???ŠG šˆ?Œ› G ™Œ˜œ?™Œ”Œ•›šGˆ——“?Šˆ‰“ŒG–•“ G›–G‹ˆ”šG”–™ŒG›?ˆ•GX\G”Œ›Œ™šG?•G?Œ???›UG {?ŒG?zlwG??““G•–›Gšœ——–™›GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•G–?Gˆ• G‹ˆ”šGˆ•‹G›?ŒG—–“?Š G?šG ›?Œ™Œ?–™ŒG•–›Gˆ——“?Šˆ‰“ŒUGG p›G?šG•–›Gˆ•›?Š?—ˆ›Œ‹G›?ˆ›G›?ŒG?zlwG”ˆ G?ˆ?ŒGˆ• Gˆ‹?Œ™šŒG?”—ˆŠ›G–•G —Œ–—“ŒG ?‹Œ•›???Œ‹G ˆšG ?•‹??Œ•–œšSG ˆ•‹G ›?Œ™Œ?–™ŒG vkG [UYWG ?šG •–›G ˆ——“?Šˆ‰“ŒUGG G 4.4 I MPACT S CREENING UNDER W ORLD B ANK AND RGZ P ROCEDURES j™?›Œ™?ˆG ?–™G p”—ˆŠ›G zŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G œ•‹Œ™G ~–™“‹G iˆ•’G w–“?Š?ŒšaG {?ŒG šŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G —™–ŠŒššG œšŒ‹G ‰ G ›?ŒG ~–™“‹G iˆ•’G Š“ˆšš???ŒšG —™–—–šŒ‹G —™–‘ŒŠ›šG?•›–G–•ŒG–?G?–œ™GŠˆ›Œ?–™?ŒšSG‹Œ—Œ•‹?•?G–•G›?ŒG› —ŒSG“–Šˆ›?–•SG šŒ•š?›???› SGˆ•‹GšŠˆ“ŒG–?G›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›Gˆ•‹G›?ŒG•ˆ›œ™ŒGˆ•‹G”ˆ?•?›œ‹ŒG–?G ?›šG—–›Œ•›?ˆ“GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G?”—ˆŠ›šUGn–?•?G‰ G~–™“‹Giˆ•’GŠˆ›Œ?–™?ŒšSG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gš–Š?ˆ“G?”—ˆŠ›GˆššŒšš”Œ•›G?–™G—™–‘ŒŠ›šG?šG™Œ˜œ?™Œ‹G ˆšG?–““–?šaTGG G jˆ›Œ?–™ Gha GhG—™–—–šŒ‹G—™–‘ŒŠ›G?šGŠ“ˆšš???Œ‹GˆšGjˆ›Œ?–™ GhG??G?›G?šG “?’Œ“ G ›–G ?ˆ?ŒG š??•???Šˆ•›G ˆ‹?Œ™šŒG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ?”—ˆŠ›šG ›?ˆ›G ˆ™ŒG šŒ•š?›??ŒSG ‹??Œ™šŒSG –™G œ•—™ŒŠŒ‹Œ•›Œ‹UG {?ŒšŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šG ”ˆ G ˆ??ŒŠ›G ˆ•G ˆ™ŒˆG‰™–ˆ‹Œ™G›?ˆ•G›?ŒGš?›ŒšG–™G?ˆŠ?“?›?ŒšGšœ‰‘ŒŠ›G›–G—? š?Šˆ“G?–™’šUG G jˆ›Œ?–™ G ia G hG —™–—–šŒ‹G —™–‘ŒŠ›G ?šG Š“ˆšš???Œ‹G ˆšG jˆ›Œ?–™ G iG ??G ?› šG —–›Œ•›?ˆ“G ˆ‹?Œ™šŒG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ?”—ˆŠ›šG –•G ?œ”ˆ•G —–—œ“ˆ›?–•šG –™G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ““ G ?”—–™›ˆ•›G ˆ™Œˆš ?•Š“œ‹?•?G ?Œ›“ˆ•‹šSG ?–™Œš›šSG ?™ˆšš“ˆ•‹šSGˆ•‹G–›?Œ™G•ˆ›œ™ˆ“G?ˆ‰?›ˆ›š ˆ™ŒG“ŒššGˆ‹?Œ™šŒG›?ˆ•G›?–šŒG–?G jˆ›Œ?–™ GhG—™–‘ŒŠ›šUG{?ŒšŒG?”—ˆŠ›šGˆ™ŒGš?›ŒTš—ŒŠ???ŠbG?Œ?G??Gˆ• G–?G ›?Œ”Gˆ™ŒG?™™Œ?Œ™š?‰“ŒbGˆ•‹G?•G”–š›GŠˆšŒšG”?›??ˆ›?–•G”Œˆšœ™ŒšGŠˆ•G‰ŒG ‹Œš??•Œ‹G”–™ŒG™Œˆ‹?“ G›?ˆ•G?–™Gjˆ›Œ?–™ GhG—™–‘ŒŠ›šUG G jˆ›Œ?–™ Gja GhG—™–—–šŒ‹G—™–‘ŒŠ›G?šGŠ“ˆšš???Œ‹GˆšGjˆ›Œ?–™ GjG??G?›G?šG “?’Œ“ G›–G?ˆ?ŒG”?•?”ˆ“G–™G•–Gˆ‹?Œ™šŒGŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G?”—ˆŠ›šUGiŒ –•‹G šŠ™ŒŒ•?•?SG•–G?œ™›?Œ™GlhGˆŠ›?–•G?šG™Œ˜œ?™Œ‹G?–™GˆGjˆ›Œ?–™ GjG—™–‘ŒŠ›UGG G jˆ›Œ?–™ G mpa G hG —™–—–šŒ‹G —™–‘ŒŠ›G ?šG Š“ˆšš???Œ‹G ˆšG jˆ›Œ?–™ G mpG ??G ?›G ?•?–“?ŒšG?•?Œš›”Œ•›G–?Giˆ•’G?œ•‹šG›?™–œ??GˆG??•ˆ•Š?ˆ“G?•›Œ™”Œ‹?ˆ™ SG?•G šœ‰—™–‘ŒŠ›šG›?ˆ›G”ˆ G™Œšœ“›G?•Gˆ‹?Œ™šŒGŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G?”—ˆŠ›šUG G {??šG ?zlwG ?ˆšG ‰ŒŒ•G Š“ˆšš???Œ‹G ˆšG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G Šˆ›Œ?–™ G iG œ•‹Œ™G ›?ŒšŒG ~–™“‹G iˆ•’G nœ?‹Œ“?•ŒšSG ?•G ???Š?G ŠˆšŒSG ˆ•G l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ˆ•‹G Page 33 34 z–Š?ˆ“G tˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G m™ˆ”Œ?–™’G OlztmPG ˆ•‹G ˆG yŒšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›G w–“?Š G m™ˆ”Œ?–™’G OywmPG ?ˆ?ŒG ‰ŒŒ•G —™Œ—ˆ™Œ‹G ?•G ˆŠŠ–™‹ˆ•ŠŒG ??›?G iˆ•’G Š–•‹?›?–•šUGG G p”—ˆŠ›G šŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G œ•‹Œ™G hŠ›G u–UG ZG –?G X``]aG {?ŒG m?™š›G ˆ•‹G zŒŠ–•‹G šŠ?Œ‹œ“ŒšG–?GhŠ›Gu–UGYG–?GX``]Gš—ŒŠ?? GŠˆ›Œ?–™?ŒšG–?G—™–‘ŒŠ›G???Š?G‹–G ˆ•‹G ‹–G •–›G ™Œ˜œ?™ŒG ›–G ‰ŒG šœ‰‘ŒŠ›Œ‹G ›–G lphG š›œ‹?ŒšG ™Œš—ŒŠ›??Œ“ UG hŠŠ–™‹?•?G ›–G ›?ŒG kvlSG —™–‘ŒŠ›šG ?•G ‰Œ›?ŒŒ•G ™Œ˜œ?™ŒG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G šŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G›?™–œ??G‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G–?Gw™–‘ŒŠ›GyŒ—–™›šUG{?œšSG???Œ•G›??šG ‹Œ“?•Œˆ›?–•G–?G”?•?”œ”Gš?¡ŒG›?™Œš?–“‹Gœ•‹Œ™G›?ŒGm?™š›GzŠ?Œ‹œ“ŒG–?GhŠ›G u–UG YG –?G X``]SG ?›G ?šG Š–•š?‹Œ™Œ‹G ›?ˆ›G ”–š›G šœ‰T—™–‘ŒŠ›šG —™–—–šŒ‹G œ•‹Œ™G?zlwG”ˆ G •–›G™Œ˜œ?™ŒG ˆ•G lphG —™–ŠŒššUG o–?Œ?Œ™Gšœ‰—™–‘ŒŠ›šG šœŠ?GˆšG›?ŒG—™–—–šŒ‹GiŒ•‘ˆ”?•Gt’ˆ—ˆG{ŒˆŠ?Œ™šG{™ˆ?•?•?Gj–““Œ?ŒGˆ•‹G ›?ŒG G —™–—–šŒ‹G XWG ”–‹Œ“G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G šŠ?––“šSG ›?–œ??G •–›G ŒŸ—“?Š?›“ G ?ˆ““?•?Gœ•‹Œ™GzŒŠ–•‹GzŠ?Œ‹œ“ŒG‹–G?–?Œ?Œ™G?ˆ?ŒGˆš—ŒŠ›šG›–œ???•?G–•G ›??šG šŠ?Œ‹œ“ŒbG ˆG ?Œˆ›œ™ŒG ›?ˆ›G ”ˆ’ŒšG ›?Œ”G ˆ››™ˆŠ›G š–”ŒG ?–™”G –?G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“GšŠ™ŒŒ•?•?UGG{?ŒG—™–ŠŒ‹œ™ŒG?–™GšœŠ?GšŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G??““G‰ŒG –œ›“?•Œ‹GŒ“šŒ??Œ™ŒG‰Œ“–?UGG Page 34 35 4.5 C OMPARISON OF W ORLD B ANK AND RGZ P OLICIES ON E NVIRONMENT AND S OCIAL I MPACT A SSESSMENT ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ›?™–œ??G ›?ŒG l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G tˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G ?–™G zœš›ˆ?•ˆ‰“ŒG kŒ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G hŠ›G u–UG YG –?G X``]G ”ˆ’ŒšG ?›G ”ˆ•‹ˆ›–™ G ?–™G ˆ““G ”ˆ‘–™G ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G —™–‘ŒŠ›šG ›–G ‰ŒG —™ŒŠŒ‹Œ‹G ‰ G ˆ•G lphG š›œ‹ G “Œˆ‹?•?G ›–G ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G –?G ˆ•G lpzUG wˆ™›G p}G –?G hŠ›G u–UG YG –?G X``]G —™–??‹ŒšG ˆG Š–”—™Œ?Œ•š??ŒG?™ˆ”Œ?–™’G?–™GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“GˆššŒšš”Œ•›G–?G—™–‘ŒŠ›šSG ˆ•‹G ›??šG ™Œ˜œ?™Œ”Œ•›G ?šG ™ŒŠ–?•?¡Œ‹G ?•G –›?Œ™G “Œ??š“ˆ›?–•G šœŠ?G ˆšG ›?ŒG m–™Œš›GyŒš–œ™ŠŒšGtˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›Gˆ•‹Gj–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•GhŠ›Gu–GXWG–?GX``]UG {?œšSG œ•‹Œ™G yn?G “ˆ?šSG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ˆššŒšš”Œ•›G ?šG ?œ““ G ”ˆ?•š›™Œˆ”Œ‹G?•Gˆ““G‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G—™–ŠŒššGŠ–•š?š›Œ•›G??›?G~–™“‹Giˆ•’G —–“?Š?ŒšUG p•‹ŒŒ‹SG œ•‹Œ™G hŠ›G u–UYG –?G X``]SG Œ?Œ•G yn?G —™–‘ŒŠ›šG ˆ™ŒG œ•‹Œ™G –‰“??ˆ›?–•G ›–G œ•‹Œ™›ˆ’ŒG lphG š›œ‹?ŒšG ‰Œ?–™ŒG ?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•UG {??šG lztmG ›?Œ™Œ?–™ŒG ?šG Š–•š?š›Œ•›G ›?Œ•SG ??›?G ‰–›?G yn?G ˆ•‹G ~–™“‹G iˆ•’Gw–“?Š?ŒšUGG G ~?Œ™ŒG›?Œ™ŒG?šGˆG Š–•?“?Š›G‰Œ›?ŒŒ•G›?ŒGsˆ?šG–?Gyn?G ˆ•‹G›?ŒG iˆ•’SG ~–™“‹Giˆ•’Gšˆ?Œ?œˆ™‹Gw–“?Š?ŒšG??““G—™Œ?ˆ?“UGG G 4.6 D ISCLOSURE vwG[UWXG?œ™›?Œ™G™Œ˜œ?™ŒšG›?ˆ›G›??šGlztmG™Œ—–™›G”œš›G‰ŒG‹?šŠ“–šŒ‹GˆšGˆG šŒ—ˆ™ˆ›ŒGˆ•‹Gš›ˆ•‹Gˆ“–•ŒG™Œ—–™›G‰ G›?ŒGlŸŒŠœ›?•?Gh?Œ•Š?ŒšGˆ•‹G›?ŒG ~–™“‹Giˆ•’SGˆšGˆGŠ–•‹?›?–•G?–™G~–™“‹Giˆ•’Gh——™ˆ?šˆ“G–?G›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›šUG p•G’ŒŒ—?•?G??›?G›??šG™Œ˜œ?™Œ”Œ•›SGˆ•‹G›?ŒG?œ™›?Œ™G‹Œ›ˆ?“GšŒ›G–œ›G?•SG›?ŒG ‹™ˆ?›G™Œ—–™›G??““G??™š›“ G‰ŒG”ˆ‹ŒG—œ‰“?Š“ Gˆ?ˆ?“ˆ‰“ŒG›–G—™–‘ŒŠ›Tˆ??ŒŠ›Œ‹G ?™–œ—šG?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G‰ G—“ˆŠ?•?GˆG—œ‰“?ŠG•–›?ŠŒG?•GˆG•ˆ›?–•ˆ“G•Œ?š—ˆ—Œ™G ˆ•‹G”ˆ’?•?G›?ŒG™Œ—–™›Gˆ?ˆ?“ˆ‰“ŒGˆ›G›?ŒGt–l}{Gˆ•‹G—–š›?•?G–•G›?ŒG•Œ›UG {??šG”Œˆšœ™ŒG??““Gˆ“š–Gšˆ›?š? G›?ŒGhŠ›Gu–UGZG–?GX``]G™Œ˜œ?™Œ”Œ•›G›?ˆ›G lphG™Œ—–™›šGˆ™ŒG‹?šŠ“–šŒ‹Gˆ•‹G‰ŒGšœ‰‘ŒŠ›Œ‹G›–G™Œ??Œ?G‰ G›?ŒG—œ‰“?ŠUG m–““–??•?G ™Œ??š?–•šSG ›?ŒG lztmG ??““G ‰ŒG –???Š?ˆ““ G šœ‰”?››Œ‹G ›–G ›?ŒG ~–™“‹Giˆ•’SGˆ•‹G”ˆ‹ŒG—œ‰“?Š“ Gˆ?ˆ?“ˆ‰“ŒG–•G›?ŒGp•?–š?–—Gˆ›G“Œˆš›GZWG ‹ˆ šG—™?–™G›–G›?ŒGi–ˆ™‹G‹ˆ›ŒUG G G Page 35 36 CHAPTER FIVE : THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROCESS 5.1 G ENERIC E NVIRONMENTAL C ONCERNS G m™–”G ‹??Œ™šŒG š–œ™ŠŒšG Ouˆ›?–•ˆ“G l•??™–•”Œ•›G w–“?Š SG kvlTwŒ™šUG j–””USG ‹ŠŠ??UŠ–”SG Œ›ŠPG ›?ŒG ?–““–??•?G ?ˆ?ŒG ‰ŒŒ•G ?‹Œ•›???Œ‹G ˆšG ›?ŒG Š™?›?Šˆ“G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G—™–‰“Œ”šG?ˆŠ?•?G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G›–‹ˆ aG ƒ\03 kŒ?™ˆ‹ˆ›?–•G–?Gtˆ™?•ŒGl•??™–•”Œ•›šGO?ˆ‰?›ˆ›Gˆ•‹G‰?–‹??Œ™š?› PGG ƒ\03 sˆ•‹G ‹Œ?™ˆ‹ˆ›?–•G ›?™–œ??G –?Œ™T?ˆ™?Œš›?•?G –?G ”ˆ•?™–?ŒG ˆ•‹G Š–™ˆ“G ™ˆ?G ?–™Œš›šSGš–“?‹G?ˆš›ŒG‹œ”—?•?Gˆ•‹G•–•Tšœš›ˆ?•ˆ‰“ŒG˜œˆ™™ ?•?G”Œ›?–‹šUG ƒ\03 ~ˆ›Œ™GŠ–•›ˆ”?•ˆ›?–•G?™–”GšŒ?ˆ?ŒGˆ•‹G–›?Œ™G?ˆš›ŒGG ƒ\03 zŒ››“Œ”Œ•›G?•GŠ–•?Œš›Œ‹SG‹?“ˆ—?‹ˆ›Œ‹GšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›šSGG G i™?Œ?G Š–””Œ•›ˆ™?ŒšG ˆ•‹G šœ””ˆ™?ŒšG ?–™G š—ŒŠ???ŠG ?”—ˆŠ›šG ˆ™ŒG —™–??‹Œ‹G ?•G ›ˆ‰“ŒšGˆ•‹GšŒŠ›?–•šG‰Œ“–?G??›?GˆG??Œ?G›–GšŒ››?•?G›?ŒG‰ˆŠ’?™–œ•‹Gˆ?ˆ?•š›G ???Š?G—–›Œ•›?ˆ“Gˆ‹?Œ™šŒG?”—ˆŠ›šGO–•G›?ŒGš–Š?ˆ“Gˆ•‹G—? š?Šˆ“GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›PG ?™–”G›?ŒGˆŠ›???›?ŒšG–?G›?ŒG?zlwGŠˆ•G‰ŒGˆššŒššŒ‹UGG G 5.1.1 Degradation of marine environments {?ŒG Œ•›?™ŒG Š–ˆš›“?•ŒG –?G |•?œ‘ˆG ˆ•‹G wŒ”‰ˆG ?š“ˆ•‹šG ?šG ›?™Œˆ›Œ•Œ‹G ‰ G ‹Œ?™ˆ‹ˆ›?–•Gˆšš–Š?ˆ›Œ‹G??›?G•–•Tšœš›ˆ?•ˆ‰“ŒG?œ”ˆ•GˆŠ›???› GšœŠ?GˆšGšœŠ?G ˆšG Š–ˆš›ˆ“G Š–•š›™œŠ›?–•SG ‹œ”—?•?G –?G š–“?‹G ˆ•‹G “?˜œ?‹G Œ??“œŒ•›G ?•Š“œ‹?•?G œ•›™Œˆ›Œ‹GšŒ?ˆ?ŒSG•–•Tšœš›ˆ?•ˆ‰“ŒG??š??•?G›?™–œ??GœšŒG–?G•Œ›šSG—–?š–•Gˆ•‹G ‰“ˆš›šSG ‹ •ˆ”?›ŒG ??š??•?G ?•G Š–™ˆ“G ™ŒŒ?šSG ˆ•Š?–™G ‹ˆ”ˆ?ŒSG Š–““ŒŠ›?–•G –?G “??ŒG Š–™ˆ“SG–?Œ™TŒŸ—“–?›ˆ›?–•G–?G{œ™›“ŒšG›?™–œ??Gš“ˆœ??›Œ™Gˆ•‹GŠ–““ŒŠ›?–•G–?GŒ??šUG {?ŒG—™–‰“Œ”G?šG—ˆ™›“ G‹™??Œ•G‰ Gˆ•GŒŠ–•–” G›?ˆ›G?šG“ˆ™?Œ“ G‹Œ—Œ•‹Œ•›G–•G ŒŸ—“–?›ˆ›?–•G–?G—™?”ˆ™ G™Œš–œ™ŠŒšGˆ•‹Gˆ“š–GŠ–”—–œ•‹Œ‹G‰ G?•ˆ‹Œ˜œˆŠ G–?G —–“?Š G?œ?‹Œ“?•ŒšG–•GŒŸ—“–?›ˆ›?–•G–?G”ˆ™?•ŒG™Œš–œ™ŠŒšUGp?G“Œ?›Gœ•Š?ŒŠ’Œ‹SG›??šG ?šG ˆG šŠŒ•ˆ™?–G ›?ˆ›G ?ˆ‹G —–›Œ•›?ˆ“G ›–G œ•‹Œ™”?•ŒG ›?ŒG š›™ˆ›Œ??ŠG ŒŠ–•–”?ŠG ?•›Œ™Œš›G–?G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G›?™–œ??GŒ™–š?–•G–?G‰?–‹??Œ™š?› Gˆ•‹Gœ•‹Œ™”?•?•?G–›?Œ™G šŒŠ›–™šG–?G›?ŒGŒŠ–•–” GšœŠ?GˆšG??š?Œ™?ŒšGˆ•‹G›–œ™?š”UGGG G p•Gˆ——™ŒŠ?ˆ›?–•G–?G›?ŒG•ŒŒ‹G›–GŠ–•šŒ™?ŒG‰?–‹??Œ™š?› SG›?ŒGyn?G?–™”œ“ˆ›Œ‹GˆG uˆ›?–•ˆ“G j–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•G z›™ˆ›Œ? G ?•G X``]G ???Š?G ˆ‹‹™ŒššŒ‹G ›?ŒG ŠˆœšŒG –?G ‰?–‹??Œ™š?› G ‹ŒŠ“?•ŒG ˆ•‹G ›?ŒG ?ˆŠ›–™šG œ•‹Œ™“ ?•?G šœŠ?G ›™Œ•‹šUG {?ŒG –?Œ™ˆ““G –‰‘ŒŠ›??ŒG–?G›?ŒGz›™ˆ›Œ? G?šG›–G™Œ‹œŠŒG›?ŒG•Œ?ˆ›??ŒG?”—ˆŠ›šG–•G‰?–‹??Œ™š?› G ?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™SGˆ•‹G‹Œ?Œ“–—Gšœš›ˆ?•ˆ‰“ŒGŒŠ–•–”?ŠGˆ•‹Gš–Š?ˆ“GœšŒG–?G?•‹??Œ•–œšG ŒŠ–š š›Œ”šGˆ•‹Gš—ŒŠ?ŒšUGj–”—–•Œ•›šG–?G›?ŒGš›™ˆ›Œ? G?•Š“œ‹ŒbTG O?PG kŒ?Œ“–—G ˆG ‰–‹ G –?G ™Œš–œ™ŠŒG ”ˆ•ˆ?Œ™šG Šˆ—ˆ‰“ŒG –?G Š–•šŒ™??•?G ‰?–‹??Œ™š?› UG G Page 36 37 O??PG p”—™–?ŒG sŒ?ˆ“G ˆ•‹G w–“?Š G ?™ˆ”Œ?–™’G ?–™G ‰?–‹??Œ™š?› G Š–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•UG G O???PG p•Š™ŒˆšŒG ??•ˆ•Š?ˆ“G ™Œš–œ™ŠŒšG ˆ?ˆ?“ˆ‰“ŒG ?–™G ‰?–‹??Œ™š?› G Š–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•UG G O??PG tˆ•ˆ?ŒG ŒŠ–š š›Œ”šG ‰ G œš?•?G ?•›Œ?™ˆ›Œ‹G —“ˆ•šG ›–G —™–??‹ŒG ŒŠ–•–”?ŠG‰Œ•Œ??›šUG G O?PG p•Š™ŒˆšŒG Š–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•G ˆŠ›?–•G ?•G ›?ŒG ??Œ“‹SG —™?–™?›?¡Œ‹G ›–G ”ˆŸ?”?¡ŒGŒ??ŒŠ›šG–•G‰?–‹??Œ™š?› G O??PG p•Š™ŒˆšŒG’•–?“Œ‹?ŒG–?G—––™“ Gš›œ‹?Œ‹G‰?–‹??Œ™š?› G G O???PG t–•?›–™G›™Œ•‹šG–?G‰?–‹??Œ™š?› UG G O????PG iœ?“‹G —œ‰“?ŠG šœ——–™›G ˆ•‹G —ˆ™›?Š?—ˆ›?–•G ?•G ‰?–“–??Šˆ“G ‹??Œ™š?› G Š–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•G›?™–œ??GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•Gˆ•‹Gˆ?ˆ™Œ•ŒššUG G 5.1.2 Land degradation {?ŒG•ˆ›?–•ˆ“Gl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gw–“?Š G?‹Œ•›???ŒšG“ˆ•‹G‹Œ?™ˆ‹ˆ›?–•G›–G‰ŒG–•ŒG–?G ›?ŒG”ˆ?•GŒŠ–“–??Šˆ“GŠ–•ŠŒ™•šG?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G›–‹ˆ UG{?ŒG?š“ŒšGŠ–””ˆ•‹Gœ•?˜œŒG ŒŠ–š š›Œ”šG?–™“‹G™Œ•–?•GˆšG™ŒšŒ™?–?™šG–?G‰?–‹??Œ™š?› UGGp•G|•?œ‘ˆGpš“ˆ•‹SG ›?ŒG”–š›G?ˆ”–œšG‰?–š—?Œ™ŒG?šG›?ŒGq–¡ˆ•?Tj??ˆ’ˆGiˆ Gj–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•Gh™ŒˆG Œš›?”ˆ›Œ‹G ›–G Š–?Œ™G \SWWW?ˆG ›?ˆ›G Š–•š?š›šG –?G ›?ŒG q–¡ˆ•?G m–™Œš›G yŒšŒ™?ŒSG ”ˆ•?™–?ŒšG ˆ•‹G ›?ŒG Š–™ˆ“G ™ˆ?G ?–™Œš›G ˆ•‹G ›?œšG Š–”—™?šŒšG ›?ŒG “ˆ™?Œš›G ›Œ™™Œš›™?ˆ“G •ˆ›œ™ˆ“G ?–™Œš›G ?•G |•?œ‘ˆG pš“ˆ•‹SG ™Œ—™ŒšŒ•›?•?G ›?ŒG ™Œ”•ˆ•›šG –?G ‰?–“–??Šˆ“G ™Œš–œ™ŠŒšG ›?ˆ›G ?Œ™ŒG –•ŠŒG š—™Œˆ‹G ›?™–œ??–œ›G |•?œ‘ˆUG G {?ŒG tˆ•?™–?ŒG?–™”ˆ›?–•G–?Gj??ˆ’ˆGiˆ G?šG›?ŒG“ˆ™?Œš›Gš›ˆ•‹G–?G”ˆ•?™–?ŒG?–™Œš›G ?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™Gpš“ˆ•‹G??›?GŒš›?”ˆ›Œ‹Gˆ™ŒˆG–?Gˆ‰–œ›GYS_WW?ˆGŒ˜œ??ˆ“Œ•›G›–GX\LG –?G ›?ŒG ?–™Œš›G Š–?Œ™G –?G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G OsŒš’?•Œ•G ˆ•‹G h“?SG X``^PUG G {?ŒG q–šˆ•?T j??ˆ’ˆGiˆ GŠ–”—“ŒŸG?šG?–”ŒG›–G”ˆ• G™ˆ™ŒGˆ•‹GŒ•‹Œ”?ŠGš—ŒŠ?ŒšSGˆ•‹G?šG ›?œšG ˆ•‹G ?”—–™›ˆ•›G ™ŒšŒ™?–?™G ?–™G ‰?–‹??Œ™š?› UG h›G ?“–‰ˆ“G “Œ?Œ“SG ›?ŒG ˆ™ŒˆG ?–™”šG—ˆ™›G–?G›?ŒGlˆš›Œ™•Gh?™?Šˆ•Gh™ŠGt–œ•›ˆ?•šSG™ˆ•’Œ‹G–•ŒGˆ”–•?G›?ŒGY\G ‰?–‹??Œ™š?› G ?–›G š—–›š G ˆ•‹G ˆG ŠŒ•›™ŒG ?–™G Œ•‹Œ”?š”G ?–™“‹T??‹ŒG OšŒŒG tˆš–œ‹SGYWWXPUG G p›G?šGŠ–””–•“ GˆŠ’•–?“Œ‹?Œ‹GOyŒ??Œ?Gt?šš?–•SGX``XPG›?ˆ›G‹Œ?–™Œš›ˆ›?–•G?•G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ??™š›G šŒ›G ?•G ›?ŒG X_ZWšG ˆ›G ›?ŒG –•šŒ›G –?G ›?ŒG Š“–?ŒT—“ˆ•›?•?G —™–?™ˆ””ŒUG jœ™™Œ•›“ SG ‹Œ?–™Œš›ˆ›?–•G ™ˆ›ŒG ?•G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ?šG Œš›?”ˆ›Œ‹G ˆ›G [WWSWWWG ?ŒŠ›ˆ™ŒšG ˆ••œˆ““ G OwŒ™šš–•SG X``[PG ˆ•‹G ?šG ˆšš–Š?ˆ›Œ‹G –?Œ™ŒŸ—“–?›ˆ›?–•G ”ˆ?•“ G ?ˆ™?Œš›?•?G –?G Š–™ˆ“G ™ˆ?G ˆ•‹G ”ˆ•?™–?ŒG ?–™Œš›šG ›–G —™–??‹ŒšG—–“ŒšGˆ•‹G›–Gšœ——“ G?––‹G?–™GœšŒG‰ G?–œšŒ?–“‹šSG?•š›?›œ›?–•šGˆ•‹G š”ˆ““G šŠˆ“ŒG ?•‹œš›™?ŒšG ???“ŒG –›?Œ™G Š–?Œ™G ?šG “–š›G ›?™–œ??G ›?ŒG ›™ˆ‹?›?–•ˆ“G š???›?•?GŠœ“›??ˆ›?–•UGG G Page 37 3 8 G G G G { ˆ ‰ “ Œ G \ U X a G G k Œ ? ™ ˆ ‹ ˆ › ? – • G – ? G t ˆ ™ ? • Œ G l • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › š G G p ” ” Œ ‹ ? ˆ › Œ G j ˆ œ š Œ š G y – – › G j ˆ œ š Œ š G p ” — ˆ Š › š G z Œ ? Œ ™ ? ›   G ™ ˆ • ’ ? • ? G G G G G G G G G t ˆ š š ? ? Œ G Š – • š › ™ œ Š › ? – • G ? • G › ? Œ G š ? – ™ Œ “ ? • Œ S G G G G G G G G G G p • ˆ ‹ Œ ˜ œ ˆ › Œ G — – “ ? Š   G ? œ ? ‹ Œ “ ? • Œ š G – • G ‹ Œ ? Œ “ – — ” Œ • › G – ? G Š – ˆ š › ˆ “ G ˆ ™ Œ ˆ š U G G G G G G G G G G l • ‹ ˆ • ? Œ ™ ? • ? G ‰ ? – ‹ ? ? Œ ™ š ? ›   U G G G G G G G G G h Š Š œ ” œ “ ˆ › ? – • G – ? G š – “ ? ‹ G ? ˆ š › Œ G — ˆ ™ › ? Š œ “ ˆ ™ “   G — “ ˆ š › ? Š š S G G G G G G G G G G j “ – š Œ G — ™ – Ÿ ? ” ? ›   G – ? G › ? Œ G Š – ˆ š › “ ? • Œ G › – G š Œ › › “ Œ ‹ G ˆ ™ Œ ˆ š G ? ? ? Š ? G Š ˆ œ š Œ š G ? ˆ š › Œ G › – G ‰ Œ G ? ˆ š ? Œ ‹ G ? • › – G › ? Œ G – Š Œ ˆ • S G G G G G G G G G G l ™ – š ? – • G – ? G “ ? ? Œ “ ? ? – – ‹ š G Œ š — Œ Š ? ˆ “ “   G › ? – š Œ G ‰ ˆ š Œ ‹ G – • G › ™ ˆ ‹ ? › ? – • ˆ “ G ? ? š ? ? • ? S G G G G G G G G G k œ ” — ? • ? G – ? G š – “ ? ‹ G ? ˆ š › Œ G ? • G Š ™ Œ Œ ’ š G ˆ • ‹ G ” ˆ • ? ™ – ? Œ G ˆ ™ Œ ˆ š G G G G G G G G G G p • ˆ ‹ Œ ˜ œ ˆ › Œ G Š ˆ — ˆ Š ? ›   G – ? G › ? Œ G “ – Š ˆ “ G š Œ ? ˆ ? Œ G • Œ › ? – ™ ’ G ? ? ? Š ? G ? š G – ? Œ ™ G ˆ G Š Œ • › œ ™   G – “ ‹ U G G G G G G G G G G l ™ – š ? – • G – ? G › ? Œ G › – œ ™ ? š › ? Š G ˆ — — Œ ˆ “ G – ? G › ? Œ G “ ˆ • ‹ š Š ˆ — Œ G › ? ™ – œ ? ? G “ ? › › Œ ™ ? • ? G ˆ • ‹ G ? – œ “ G š ” Œ “ “ G ˆ › G › ? Œ G ‰ Œ ˆ Š ? G ? ™ – • › U G G G G G G G G G G k œ ” — ? • ? G – ? G “ ? ˜ œ ? ‹ G Œ ? ? “ œ Œ • › G G ? • Š “ œ ‹ ? • ? G œ • › ™ Œ ˆ › Œ ‹ G š Œ ? ˆ ? Œ S G G G G G G G G G k Œ š ? ? • G – ? G š › – ™ ” G ˆ • ‹ G š Œ ? ˆ ? Œ G ‹ ™ ˆ ? • ˆ ? Œ G ? ? ? Š ? G Œ ” — › ? Œ š G ‹ ? ™ Œ Š › “   G ? • › – G › ? Œ G – Š Œ ˆ • G G G G G G G G G G i œ ? “ ‹ T œ — G – ? G ? ˆ › Œ ™ ‰ – ™ • Œ G ‹ ? š Œ ˆ š Œ š U G G G G G G G G u – • T š œ š › ˆ ? • ˆ ‰ “ Œ G ? ? š ? ? • ? G › Œ Š ? • ? ˜ œ Œ š G ? • Š “ œ ‹ ? • ? G œ š Œ G – ? G • Œ › š S G — – ? š – • S G ‹   • ˆ ” ? › Œ G ˆ • ‹ G G ? ? š ? ? • ? G ? • G Š – ™ ˆ “ G ™ Œ Œ ? š S G G G G G G G G G t ˆ ™ ? • Œ G ‹ ˆ ” ˆ ? Œ G ‰   G h • Š ? – ™ S G j – “ “ Œ Š › ? – • G – ? G “ ? ? Œ G Š – ™ ˆ “ S G { œ ™ › “ Œ G š “ ˆ œ ? ? › Œ ™ G ˆ • ‹ G Œ ? ? š G Š – ™ ™ Œ Š › ? – • S G G G G G G G G G G G v ? Œ ™ T ? œ • › ? • ? G – ? G Š Œ ™ › ˆ ? • G š — — G š œ Š ? G › ? Œ G h • ‹ Œ ™ š G ‹ œ ? ’ Œ ™ U G G G G G G G G p • ˆ ‹ Œ ˜ œ ˆ › Œ G Œ • ? – ™ Š Œ ” Œ • › G – ? G ™ Œ ˜ œ ? ™ Œ ” Œ • › š G – ? G › ? Œ G m ? š ? Œ ™ ? Œ š G h Š › S G G G G G G G G G v ? Œ ™ Œ Ÿ — “ – ? › ˆ › ? – • G – ? G ? – ™ Œ š › G ™ Œ š – œ ™ Š Œ š G › – G š œ — — “   S G ? œ Œ “ G ? – – ‹ S G Š ? ˆ ™ Š – ˆ “ S G ‰ œ ? “ ‹ ? • ? G — – “ Œ š G ˆ • ‹ G š › ? Š ’ š G ? – ™ G š Œ ˆ ? Œ Œ ‹ G ? ˆ ™ ” ? • ? U G G G G G G G G h • G Œ Š – • – ”   G › ? ˆ › G ? š G “ ˆ ™ ? Œ “   G ‹ Œ — Œ • ‹ Œ • › G – • G ˆ ? ™ ? Š œ “ › œ ™ Œ G ˆ • ‹ G Œ Ÿ — “ – ? › ˆ › ? – • G – ? G • ˆ › œ ™ ˆ “ G ™ Œ š – œ ™ Š Œ š U G G G G G G G G t – ‹ Œ ™ ˆ › Œ “   G š Œ ? Œ ™ Œ G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G Page 38 39 G hŠŠ–™‹?•?G ›–G ˆ?ˆ?“ˆ‰“ŒG ?•?–™”ˆ›?–•G OkjjmmSG YWWYPG ˆ••œˆ“G ??™Œ?––‹G Š–•šœ”—›?–•G ?•G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ?šG G Œš›?”ˆ›Œ‹G ˆ›G ZSW]_S`^^” 445.4 703.8 8.0 5.2 0 : Z SG G –?G ???Š?SG ?–œšŒ?–“‹šG?•GwŒ”‰ˆGˆŠŠ–œ•›šG›–G^^LSG???“ŒG›?–šŒG?•G|•?œ‘ˆGpš“ˆ•‹GˆŠŠ–œ•›G ?–™G–•“ GYZLUG{?ŒGŠ–™ˆ“G™ˆ?G?–™Œš›šGˆŠŠ–œ•›šG?–™G`ZU]YLG?•G|•?œ‘ˆGpš“ˆ•‹G ???“ŒG?•GwŒ”‰ˆGŠ“–?ŒG›™ŒŒG?šG›?ŒG”–š›G—™Œ?Œ™ˆ‰“ŒGš–œ™ŠŒG–?G??™Œ?––‹Gˆ›G›?ŒG ?–œšŒ?–“‹G“Œ?Œ“UG{??šG‹Œ”ˆ•‹G?šG•–›G”Œ›G“–Šˆ““ Gˆ•‹Gšœ‰š›ˆ•›?ˆ“G?––‹G?ˆšG›–G ‰ŒGš??——Œ‹G?•›–G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G?™–”G”ˆ?•“ˆ•‹G{ˆ•¡ˆ•?ˆUGG G v›?Œ™G?–™”šG–?G“ˆ•‹G‹Œ?™ˆ‹ˆ›?–•Gˆ™ŒGˆšš–Š?ˆ›Œ‹G??›?G•–”T™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G–?G ˜œˆ™™?ŒšG???Š?G“Œˆ?ŒšG?ˆ—?•?G Š™ˆ›Œ™šG—–š?•?G?ˆ¡ˆ™‹šG›–G—Œ–—“ŒG ˆ•‹G›?Œ?™G “??Œš›–Š’G ???“ŒG —™–??‹?•?G ‰™ŒŒ‹?•?G ?™–œ•‹šG ?–™G ?ˆ›Œ™G ‰–™•ŒG ‹?šŒˆšŒG ?ŒŠ›–™šUG hšG ?Œ““SG š???›?•?G Šœ“›??ˆ›?–•G ›?™–œ??G ???Š?G “ˆ•‹G ?šG Š“Œˆ™Œ‹G –?G ?Œ?Œ›ˆ›?–•SGŠœ“›??ˆ›Œ‹G?–™GšŒ?Œ™ˆ“GšŒˆš–•šGˆ•‹G›?Œ•Gˆ‰ˆ•‹–•Œ‹G?šGˆG”ˆ‘–™G Š–•›™?‰œ›–™G›–G‹Œ?–™Œš›ˆ›?–•Gˆ•‹G‹Œ?™ˆ‹ˆ›?–•G–?Gš–?“G˜œˆ“?› UGG G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G?šGˆ“š–G›?ŒG?–”ŒG–?G›?ŒG Œ•‹Œ”?Š G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™GyŒ‹Gj–“–‰œš Gˆ•‹G›?ŒG Œ“œš??ŒG ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™GsŒ–—ˆ™‹ UG{?ŒG?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G“Œ–—ˆ™‹GOwˆ•›?Œ™ˆG—ˆ™‹œšGˆ‹Œ™š?PG?šG ˆ•GŒ“œš??ŒGˆ•‹G—–šš?‰“ G ŒŸ›?•Š› G šœ‰š—ŒŠ?Œš G–?G “Œ–—ˆ™‹ G Œ•‹Œ”?Š G›–G |•?œ‘ˆG pš“ˆ•‹ G?•G›?ŒG ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™ Gˆ™Š??—Œ“ˆ?–UGp•Š™Œˆš?•?GŠ–•?“?Š›G‰Œ›?ŒŒ•G—Œ–—“ŒGˆ•‹G “Œ–—ˆ™‹šG ?•G ›?ŒG YW›?G ŠŒ•›œ™  G “Œ‹G ›–G ›?Œ?™G ‹Œ”–•?¡ˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G ‹Œ›Œ™”?•Œ‹G ˆ››Œ”—›šG ›–G ŒŸ›Œ™”?•ˆ›ŒG ›?Œ”UG l??–™›šG ›–G ‹Œ?Œ“–—G ˆG “Œ–—ˆ™‹G Š–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–• G —™–?™ˆ””ŒG ?•G ›?ŒG ”?‹TX``WšG ?Œ™ŒG š?Œ“?Œ‹G ??Œ•G ??“‹“??ŒG ™ŒšŒˆ™Š?Œ™šG Š–•Š“œ‹Œ‹G›?ˆ›G›?Œ™ŒG?ˆšG“?››“ŒG—™–š—ŒŠ›G?–™G›?ŒGˆ•?”ˆ“NšG“–•?T›Œ™”Gšœ™???ˆ“UG G G GGGGGGGGGGGGG G w“ˆ›ŒG\UXaGp”ˆ?ŒšG–?G“ˆ•‹G‹Œ?™ˆ‹ˆ›?–•G?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™bGTG”ˆ•?™–?ŒG?œŒ“G?––‹G™Œˆ‹ G?–™G›?ŒG ”ˆ™’Œ›Gˆ•‹Gˆ•Gˆ‰ˆ•‹–•Œ‹G˜œˆ™™ GŠœ™™Œ•›“ GœšŒ‹GˆšGˆG?™ˆ¡?•?G??Œ“‹UG G G Page 39 40 5.1.3: Occupation of old, dilapidated buildings in Stone Town m–œ™G–?G›?ŒGšŠ?––“šG›ˆ™?Œ›Œ‹G?–™G™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•Gœ•‹Œ™G?zlwGˆ™ŒGš?›œˆ›Œ‹G?•G {?ŒGz›–•ŒG{–?• 174.8 704.8 8.0 5.2 0 : Z TG›?ŒGˆ•Š?Œ•›GŠ?› GŠ–•š›™œŠ›Œ‹G‰ Gw–™›œ?œŒšŒGŠ–“–•?¡Œ™šG?•G ”?‹GX_WWšUGG{?ŒG‹Œš??•Gˆ•‹GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•G–?Gz›–•ŒG{–?•G‰–™™–?šG?Œˆ??“ G ?–™”G›?ŒGX`›?GjŒ•›œ™ GŠ???“?¡ˆ›?–•G–?Glˆš›Œ™•Glœ™–—ŒG???Š?G?ˆšG?–?Œ?Œ™G —?ˆšŒ‹G –œ›G ?•G ?ˆ?–™G –?G ”–‹Œ™•G —“ˆ••?•?G ”Œ›?–‹šUG p•G š—?›ŒG –?G ›??šSG ›?ŒG Š–•?Œš›Œ‹G šŒ››“Œ”Œ•›G –?G š›–•ŒG ›–?•G Š?ˆ™ˆŠ›Œ™?¡Œ‹G ‰ G Š–•?Œš›Œ‹G š›–™?Œ‹G š›™œŠ›œ™ŒšG‹Œ?–?‹G–?G™Œ?•?–™ŠŒ”Œ•›SG•ˆ™™–?Gˆ““Œ ?ˆ šG›?ˆ›GšŒ™?ŒGˆšGš›™ŒŒ›šG ˆ•‹G???Š?G?šG•–?G™ŒŠ–?•?¡Œ‹Gˆ•‹G—™ŒšŒ™?Œ‹GˆšGˆG~–™“‹GoŒ™?›ˆ?ŒGš?›ŒG?šGˆ“š–G œ•‹Œ™G™Œš?‹Œ•›?ˆ“Gˆ•‹GŠ–””Œ™Š?ˆ“GœšŒUGG G G G w“ˆ›ŒG\UYaGp”ˆ?ŒšG–?G›?ŒGz›–•ŒG{–?•bGTG~–™“‹GoŒ™?›ˆ?ŒGz?›ŒSGˆGŠ–““ˆ—šŒ‹G‰œ?“‹?•?Gˆ•‹SG›?ŒG oˆ”ˆ”•?GzŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GzŠ?––“G›ˆ™?Œ›Œ‹G?–™G™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G G G 72.1 340.4 6.5 3.8 0 : Z G Stone Town or Mji Mkongwe, in Swahili , is the old part of Zanzibar City , the capital of the island of Zanzibar , a part of Tanzania . The old town is built on a triangular peninsula of land on the western coast of the island. It consists of a warren of narrow alleys to houses , shops bazaars and mosques . Transport around town is by foot, bicycle or motorbike : cars are too wide to drive down many of the inner streets. Its Swahili architecture incorporates elements of Arab , Persian , Indian, European and African styles. The Arab houses are particularly noticeable because they have large and ornately carved wooden doors and other unusual features such as enclosed wooden verandas. The site has probably been occupied for around three centuries with buildings only being constructed with stone since the 1830s . The town was the centre of trade on the East African coast between Asia and Africa before the colonization of the mainland in the late 1800s after which the focus moved to Mombasa and Dar es Salaam . The main export was spices and particularly cloves . Slaves were also obtained from the mainland and traded with the Middle East . The town also became a base for many European explorers, particularly the Portuguese , and colonizers from the late 1800s. Immigrant communities from Oman , Persia and India lived here. These were often engaged in trade or in the case of the Omanis were rulers of the island and its dependent territories. Stone Town has been designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site . According to the 2002 Tanzania National Census, the population of the Urban District, to which Stone Town belongs, was 206,292 Page 40 41 y?š’šG ˆšš–Š?ˆ›Œ‹G ??›?G ?œ”ˆ•G ?ˆ‰?›ˆ›?–•G –?G z›–•ŒG {–?•G ‰œ?“‹?•?šG ?•Š“œ‹ŒG —Œ™”ˆ•Œ•›G ŒŸ—–šœ™ŒG –?G —Œ–—“ŒG ›–G ?ˆ¡ˆ™‹šG ˆšš–Š?ˆ›Œ‹G ??›?G Š–““ˆ—š?•?G –?G ‰œ?“‹?•?šSG?•ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›ŒG‹Œ“??Œ™ G–?GšŒ™??ŠŒšG‹œŒG›–G“ˆŠ’G–?G™––”G›–G—ˆššG—“ˆ•›G ˆ•‹GŒ˜œ?—”Œ•›SG?•ˆ‰?“?› G›–G?•š›ˆ““G?•?™ˆš›™œŠ›œ™ŒG›?ˆ›G?–œ“‹G?•›Œ™?Œ™ŒG??›?G ›?ŒGš›™œŠ›œ™ˆ“Gš›ˆ‰?“?› G–?G–“‹G‰œ?“‹?•?šGˆ•‹G?•ˆ‹Œ˜œˆŠ G–?Gš—ˆŠŒG›–GŒŸ—ˆ•‹G —œ‰“?ŠG?ˆŠ?“?›?ŒšG?•Š“œ‹?•?G™ŒŠ™Œˆ›?–•ˆ“G?ˆŠ?“?›?ŒšUG{?ŒG—™–‰“Œ”G–?Gš›–•ŒG›–?•G ?šG Š–”—–œ•‹Œ‹G ‰ G “ˆŠ’G –?G ?ˆŠ?“?›?ŒšG –œ›š?‹ŒG ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ›–?•G ???Š?G ŠˆœšŒšG ”ˆ• G —Œ–—“ŒG Œš—ŒŠ?ˆ““ G š›œ‹Œ•›šG ›–G Š–””œ›ŒG ›–G z›–•ŒG {–?•G ›–G ˆ››Œ•‹G šŠ?––“UG mœ™›?Œ™SG ›?ŒG z›–•ŒG {–?•G ?–œšŒšG ˆG •œ”‰Œ™G –?G ?–?Œ™•”Œ•›G ‹Œ—ˆ™›”Œ•›šGˆ•‹Gš?•ŠŒG?–?Œ™•”Œ•›G?šG›?ŒGš?•?“ŒG”–š›G?”—–™›ˆ•›GŒ”—“– Œ™G?•G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™SG?›G?šGœ•‹Œ™š›ˆ•‹ˆ‰“ŒG›?ˆ›Gš›–•ŒG›–?•G™Œ”ˆ?•šGŠ–•?Œš›Œ‹UGG G hšG—ˆ™›G–?G›??šGlztmGš›œ‹ SG›?ŒGš›™œŠ›œ™ˆ“Gš–œ•‹•ŒššG–?G›?ŒGz›–•ŒG{–?•G zŠ?––“šG ›ˆ™?Œ›Œ‹G ?–™G ™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G ?ˆšG ˆššŒššŒ‹G ›?™–œ??G ??šœˆ“G –‰šŒ™?ˆ›?–•šG ˆ•‹G ?›G Œ”Œ™?Œ‹G ›?ˆ›G ”–š›G –?G ›?ŒG ‰œ?“‹?•?šG ˆ™ŒG Œ?›?Œ™G ‹?“ˆ—?‹ˆ›Œ‹G–™Gˆ™ŒG?ˆ?“?•?UG{??šG–‰šŒ™?ˆ›?–•G?šG?•Gˆ?™ŒŒ”Œ•›G??›?G??•‹?•?G–?GˆG šœ™?Œ Gœ•‹Œ™›ˆ’Œ•G?•GYWWYGˆ•‹G???Š?G–‰šŒ™?Œ‹G›?ˆ›SGš–”ŒG_\G—Œ™ŠŒ•›G–?G ›?ŒG š›™œŠ›œ™ŒšG TG ?šG Œ?›?Œ™G ?•G ‹Œ›Œ™?–™ˆ›?•?G –™G —––™G Š–•‹?›?–•UG t–™ŒG —ˆ™›?Šœ“ˆ™“ SG]YU\G—Œ™ŠŒ•›Gˆ™ŒG‹Œ›Œ™?–™ˆ›?•?Gˆ•‹GYYG—Œ™ŠŒ•›Gˆ™ŒGˆ“™Œˆ‹ G?•G —––™GŠ–•‹?›?–•UGp•Gˆ‹‹?›?–•SGŒ???› T???ŒG‰œ?“‹?•?šGŠ–““ˆ—šŒ‹G‰Œ›?ŒŒ•GX`_YG ˆ•‹G X``YSG ???“ŒG ˆG ?œ™›?Œ™G ???›ŒŒ•G š›™œŠ›œ™ŒšG ˆ™ŒG ›–‹ˆ G —ˆ™›?ˆ““ G ?•G ™œ?•šUG v•“ GYY]SG–™GXZUYG—Œ™ŠŒ•›G–?G›?ŒGXS^W`G‰œ?“‹?•?šG?•G›?ŒGz›–•ŒG{–?•SGˆ™ŒG Š–•š?‹Œ™Œ‹G ?•G ?––‹G Š–•‹?›?–•UG G p›G ?šG ›?œšG •–›G Š“Œˆ™G ›–G ›??šG lztmG ›?ˆ›G Š–•›?•œŒ‹G?œ”ˆ•G?ˆ‰?›ˆ›?–•G–?G‰œ?“‹?•?šGˆ——™–ˆŠ??•?G›?ŒGŒ•‹G–?GŒŠ–•–”?ŠG “??ŒG?šG‘œš›???Œ‹UGG G 5.1.4 Water contamination from pollution h““G?ˆ›Œ™G?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G?šGœ•‹Œ™G›?™Œˆ›UGz?ˆ““–?G?™–œ•‹?ˆ›Œ™G?šGœ•‹Œ™G›?™Œˆ›G –?G Š–•›ˆ”?•ˆ›?–•G ?™–”G šŒ?Œ™šSG “Œˆ’?•?G šŒ?ˆ?ŒG ˆ•‹G —Œ™Š–“ˆ›?–•G –?G Š–•›ˆ”?•ˆ›Œ‹G™œ•–??G?ˆ›Œ™UGi“ˆŠ’?š?Gˆ•‹GšŒˆG?ˆ›Œ™šGˆ™ŒGˆ“š–Gœ•‹Œ™G›?™Œˆ›G ?™–”G‹?™ŒŠ›G‹?šŠ?ˆ™?ŒG–?Gœ•›™Œˆ›Œ‹GšŒ?ˆ?ŒGˆ•‹G™œ•–??G?ˆ›Œ™Gˆ•‹G›?™–œ??G “–Šˆ›?–•G–?G”œ•?Š?—ˆ“G‹œ”—G ˆ™‹šGˆ“–•?GŠ™ŒŒ’šGˆ•‹GŒš›œˆ™?ŒšUGp•‹ŒŒ‹SG›?ŒG “ˆ››Œ™G —™ˆŠ›?ŠŒG ?ˆšG –‰šŒ™?Œ‹G ›–G —–šŒG ”ˆ‘–™G Š?ˆ““Œ•?ŒG ›–G ”ˆ•?™–?ŒG ŒŠ–š š›Œ”šGˆ›G|•?œ‘ˆUGG G iŒ?•?G ˆG Š–ˆš›ˆ“G ŒŠ–š š›Œ”SG |•?œ‘ˆG pš“ˆ•‹G ?šG ?ˆŠŒ‹G ??›?G ›?ŒG —™–‰“Œ”G –?G —Œ™—Œ›œˆ“G ?•›™œš?–•G –?G šˆ“?•ŒG ?ˆ›Œ™G ?•›–G ›?ŒG ?™–œ•‹?ˆ›Œ™UG {?ŒG ?ˆ¡ˆ™‹G ?šG ˆ“?ˆ šG ›™???Œ™Œ‹G ‰ G –?Œ™ŒŸ—“–?›ˆ›?–•G –?G ?™–œ•‹?ˆ›Œ™G ???Š?G ™Œ“ŒˆšŒšG ›?ŒG šˆ“?•ŒG?ˆ›Œ™G›ˆ‰“ŒG›–G?“–?G?™ŒŒ“ G?•G‰–™Œ?–“ŒšUGh“™Œˆ‹ SG”ˆ• G‰–™Œ?–“ŒšG?•G |•?œ‘ˆG  ?Œ“‹G šˆ“?•ŒG ?ˆ›Œ™G ˆ•‹G ›??šG ?šG ˆG ›™Œ•‹G ›?ˆ›G š?–œ“‹G ‰ŒG Š?ŒŠ’Œ‹G ›?™–œ??GŠ–•›™–“G–•G?™–œ•‹?ˆ›Œ™G‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›UGG Page 41 4 2 G { ˆ ‰ “ Œ G \ U Y a G s ˆ • ‹ G k Œ ? ™ ˆ ‹ ˆ › ? – • G p ” ” Œ ‹ ? ˆ › Œ G j ˆ œ š Œ š G y – – › G j ˆ œ š Œ š G p ” — ˆ Š › š G z Œ ? Œ ™ ? ›   G ™ ˆ • ’ ? • ? G G v ? Œ ™ T Œ Ÿ — “ – ? › ˆ › ? – • G – ? G ? – ™ Œ š › G ™ Œ š – œ ™ Š Œ š G ? • Š “ œ ‹ ? • ? G ” ˆ • ? ™ – ? Œ G ˆ • ‹ G Š – ™ ˆ “ G ™ ˆ ? G ? – ™ Œ š › š G › – G š œ — — “   G ? œ Œ “ G ? – – ‹ S G Š ? ˆ ™ Š – ˆ “ S G ‰ œ ? “ ‹ ? • ? G — – “ Œ š G ˆ • ‹ G š › ? Š ’ š G ? – ™ G š Œ ˆ ? Œ Œ ‹ G ? ˆ ™ ” ? • ? U G u – • T š œ š › ˆ ? • ˆ ‰ “ Œ G ˜ œ ˆ ™ ™   ? • ? G ” Œ › ? – ‹ š G k Œ ? – ™ Œ š › ˆ › ? – • G h G ™ ˆ — ? ‹ “   G ? • Š ™ Œ ˆ š ? • ? G ? œ ” ˆ • G — – — œ “ ˆ › ? – • G ” – š › G – ? G ? ? ? Š ? G ? š G ™ œ ™ ˆ “ G ‰ ˆ š Œ ‹ G ˆ • ‹ G › ? œ š G ‹ Œ — Œ • ‹ Œ • › G – • G Œ Ÿ — “ – ? › ˆ › ? – • G – ? G — ™ ? ” ˆ ™   G ™ Œ š – œ ™ Š Œ š U G G y Œ “ ? ˆ • Š Œ G – • G ? – – ‹ G ˆ š G › ? Œ G ” ˆ ? • G š – œ ™ Š Œ G – ? G Œ • Œ ™ ?   G š œ — — “   G › – G ? – œ š Œ ? – “ ‹ š S G Š – › › ˆ ? Œ G ? • ‹ œ š › ™ ? Œ š G ˆ • ‹ G ? • š › ? › œ › ? – • š U G G p • ˆ ‹ Œ ˜ œ ˆ › Œ G Š – ” ” œ • ? ›   G ? • ? – “ ? Œ ” Œ • › G ? • G ™ Œ š – œ ™ Š Œ G Š – • š Œ ™ ? ˆ › ? – • G — “ ˆ • • ? • ? U G G u – • T š œ š › ˆ ? • ˆ ‰ “ Œ G ˜ œ ˆ ™ ™   ? • ? G ” Œ › ? – ‹ š G G p • ˆ ‹ Œ ˜ œ ˆ Š   G – ? G ? œ ? ‹ Œ “ ? • Œ š G ? – ™ G ˜ œ ˆ ™ ™   G ™ Œ ? ˆ ‰ ? “ ? › ˆ › ? – • S G › ? œ š G ˆ ‰ ˆ • ‹ – • Œ ‹ G ˜ œ ˆ ™ ™ ? Œ š G ˆ ™ Œ G “ Œ ? › G œ • › ™ Œ ˆ › Œ ‹ U G p • ˆ ‹ Œ ˜ œ ˆ › Œ G — œ ‰ “ ? Š G š Œ • š ? › ? ¡ ˆ › ? – • G – • G • Œ Œ ‹ G › – G š ˆ ? Œ ? œ ˆ ™ ‹ G › ? Œ G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › U G G p ” — ˆ Š › š G ? ™ – ” G ‹ Œ ? – ™ Œ š › ˆ › ? – • G k ? ? • ‹ “ ? • ? G ? – – ‹ G ™ Œ š – œ ™ Š Œ G ‰ ˆ š Œ G Š ˆ œ š ? • ? G ‰ œ “ ’ G – ? G ? – – ‹ G š œ — — “   G ? • G ? ˆ • ¡ ? ‰ ˆ ™ G › – ? • G › – G ‰ Œ G ? ” — – ™ › Œ ‹ G ? ™ – ” G › ? Œ G ” ˆ ? • “ ˆ • ‹ U G k Œ š › ™ œ Š › ? – • G – ? G ? ? “ ‹ “ ? ? Œ G ? ˆ ‰ ? › ˆ › G Š ˆ œ š ? • ? G š – ” Œ G Œ • ‹ Œ ” ? Š G š — Œ Š ? Œ š G › – G ‰ Œ G Œ • ‹ ˆ • ? Œ ™ Œ ‹ G | • ‹ Œ ™ ” ? • ? • ? G ? ? ˆ ‰ ? “ ? ›   G – ? G – › ? Œ ™ G š Œ Š › – ™ š G š œ Š ? G ˆ š G ? ? š ? Œ ™ ? Œ š G ˆ • ‹ G › – œ ™ ? š ” U G p ” — ˆ Š › š G ? ™ – ” G • – • G š œ š › ˆ ? • ˆ ‰ “ Œ G ˜ œ ˆ ™ ™   ? • ? G G u – • T ™ Œ ? ˆ ‰ ? “ ? › ˆ › Œ ‹ G ˜ œ ˆ ™ ™ ? Œ š G œ • ‹ Œ ™ ” ? • Œ G ˆ ? ™ ? Š œ “ › œ ™ ˆ “ G — ™ – ‹ œ Š › ? – • G G h ‰ ˆ • ‹ – • Œ ‹ G ˜ œ ˆ ™ ™ ? Œ š G — ™ – ? ? ‹ Œ G ‰ ™ Œ Œ ‹ ? • ? G ? ™ – œ • ‹ š G ? – ™ G ~ i k } š U G G G G y ? š ’ G – ? G ˆ Š Š ? ‹ Œ • › š G › – G — Œ – — “ Œ G ˆ • ‹ G › ? Œ ? ™ G ˆ • ? ” ˆ “ š G } Œ ™   G š Œ ? Œ ™ Œ G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G Page 42 4 3 G { ˆ ‰ “ Œ G \ U Z a G h Š Š ? ‹ Œ • › G ? ˆ ¡ ˆ ™ ‹ š G — – š Œ ‹ G ‰   G Š – “ “ ˆ — š ? • ? G ‰ œ ? “ ‹ ? • ? š G G p ” ” Œ ‹ ? ˆ › Œ G j ˆ œ š Œ š G y – – › G j ˆ œ š Œ š G p ” — ˆ Š › š G z Œ ? Œ ™ ? ›   G ™ ˆ • ’ ? • ? G G o œ ” ˆ • G ? ˆ ‰ ? › ˆ › ? – • G – ? G Š – • ? Œ š › Œ ‹ S G ‹ ? “ ˆ — ? ‹ ˆ › Œ ‹ G š Œ › › “ Œ ” Œ • › š G y Œ ˜ œ ? ™ Œ ” Œ • › š G ? – ™ G ” – ‹ Œ ™ • G œ ™ ‰ ˆ • G — “ ˆ • • ? • ? U G G p • ? Œ ™ ? › Œ ‹ G ˆ G — ™ Œ T ? ? š › – ™ ? Š G š Œ › › “ Œ ” Œ • › G ‹ Œ š ? ? • G ? ? ? Š ? G ? š G • – ? G — ™ – › Œ Š › Œ ‹ G ˆ š G ˆ G ~ – ™ “ ‹ G o Œ ™ ? › ˆ ? Œ G z ? › Œ U G G s ˆ Š ’ G – ? G ? • Š Œ • › ? ? Œ G ? – ™ G — Œ – — “ Œ G › – G š Œ › › “ Œ G – œ › G – ? G z › – • Œ G › – ? • U G G G z › – • Œ G { – ? • G ? š G › ? Œ G ‰ œ š ? • Œ š š G ? œ ‰ G ? – ™ G | • ? œ ‘ ˆ G – ? ? • ? G › – G – — — – ™ › œ • ? › ? Œ š G Š ™ Œ ˆ › Œ ‹ G ‰   G › ? Œ G ? ˆ ™ ‰ – ™ S G › – œ ™ ? š ” G ˆ • ‹ G ? – ? Œ ™ • ” Œ • › G ‰ œ š ? • Œ š š U G t ˆ •   G — Œ – — “ Œ G š Œ › › “ Œ S G › ? Œ ™ Œ ? – ™ Œ G ? – ™ ’ G ˆ • ‹ G “ ? ? Œ G ? • G z › – • Œ G { – ? • U G G G p • ˆ ‹ Œ ˜ œ ˆ Š   G – ? G ? ˆ Š ? “ ? › ? Œ š G – œ › š ? ‹ Œ G z › – • Œ G { – ? • G Š ˆ œ š ? • ? G ” ˆ •   G š › œ ‹ Œ • › š G › – G › ™ ˆ ? Œ “ G › – G š › – • Œ G › – ? • G › – G ˆ › › Œ • ‹ G š Š ? – – “ U G G w Œ – — “ Œ G “ ? ? Œ G ? • G — Œ ™ ” ˆ • Œ • › G ™ ? š ’ š G – ? G ˆ Š Š ? ‹ Œ • › G ? ™ – ” G Š – “ “ ˆ — š ? • ? G ‰ œ ? “ ‹ ? • ? š G G h ‰ š – “ œ › Œ G “ ˆ Š ’ G – ? G ™ Œ Š ™ Œ ˆ › ? – • G ? ˆ Š ? “ ? › ? Œ š G ? – ™ G ™ Œ š ? ‹ Œ • › š G ? • Š “ œ ‹ ? • ? G š Š ? – – “ G Š ? ? “ ‹ ™ Œ • U G G v ? Œ ™ š › ™ Œ › Š ? ? • ? G – ? G ˆ ? ˆ ? “ ˆ ‰ “ Œ G ? • ? ™ ˆ š › ™ œ Š › œ ™ Œ G ? – ™ G ? ˆ › Œ ™ G š œ — — “   S G š › – ™ ” G ‹ ™ ˆ ? • ˆ ? Œ S G š – “ ? ‹ G ˆ • ‹ G “ ? ˜ œ ? ‹ G Œ ? ? “ œ Œ • › G ™ Œ ” – ? ˆ “ U G G t – ‹ Œ ™ ˆ › Œ G Page 43 4 4 G { ˆ ‰ “ Œ G \ U [ a G ~ ˆ › Œ ™ G j – • › ˆ ” ? • ˆ › ? – • G ? ™ – ” G w – “ “ œ › ? – • G p ” ” Œ ‹ ? ˆ › Œ G j ˆ œ š Œ š G y – – › G j ˆ œ š Œ š G p ” — ˆ Š › š G z Œ ? Œ ™ ? ›   G p • › ™ – ‹ œ Š › ? – • G – ? G G ‹ ? š š – “ ? Œ ‹ G • œ › ™ ? Œ • › š S G ? • ‹ œ š › ™ ? ˆ “ G — – “ “ œ › ˆ • › š S G š Œ ? ˆ ? Œ G ˆ • ‹ G ™ œ • – ? ? G ? ˆ › Œ ™ S G G u – • T — – ? • › G — – “ “ œ › ? – • G ? ™ – ” G ˆ ? ™ ? Š œ “ › œ ™ Œ G ˆ • ‹ G ™ œ ™ ˆ “ G š Œ › › “ Œ ” Œ • › š G ‹ œ Œ G › – G ? ” — ™ – — Œ ™ G ? ˆ • ‹ “ ? • ? G – ? G ? ˆ š › Œ š G ˆ • ‹ G Š ? Œ ” ? Š ˆ “ š U G G ~ ˆ š ? ? • ? G – ? G š – “ ? ‹ G ? ˆ š › Œ G ? • › – G ? ˆ › Œ ™ G š – œ ™ Š Œ š U G G G ~ Œ ˆ ’ G — – “ ? Š ? Œ š S G “ ˆ ? š G ˆ • ‹ G ™ Œ ? œ “ ˆ › ? – • š G ? – ™ G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G — ™ – › Œ Š › ? – • š G O Œ U ? U G l p h P b G ? • š œ ? ? ? Š ? Œ • › G Œ • ? – ™ Š Œ ” Œ • › G ˆ • ‹ G ” – • ? › – ™ ? • ? G Œ š — Œ Š ? ˆ “ “   G ? • G ™ Œ š — Œ Š › G › – G ? • ‹ œ š › ™ ? ˆ “ G ? ˆ Š ? “ ? › ? Œ š b G “ – ? G ‰ œ ‹ ? Œ › ˆ ™   G — ™ – ? ? š ? – • G ? – ™ G Œ • ? – ™ Š Œ ” Œ • › G – ? G Œ Ÿ ? š › ? • ? G ™ Œ ? œ “ ˆ › ? – • š S G “ ˆ Š ’ G – ? G š œ ? ? ? Š ? Œ • › G ? œ ” ˆ • G ™ Œ š – œ ™ Š Œ š U G v ? Œ ™ ? ? Œ “ ” ? • ? G – ? G Š œ ™ ™ Œ • › G Š ˆ — ˆ Š ? ›   G – ? G ? • ? ™ ˆ š › ™ œ Š › œ ™ Œ G ‰   G ˆ • G Œ ? Œ ™ G ? • Š ™ Œ ˆ š ? • ? G œ ™ ‰ ˆ • G — – — œ “ ˆ › ? – • S G G G p • ˆ ‹ Œ ˜ œ ˆ › Œ G ? • ? Œ š › ” Œ • › G ? • G • Œ ? G ? • ? ™ ˆ š › ™ œ Š › œ ™ Œ G — – š š ? ‰ “   G ‹ œ Œ G › – G ‰ œ ‹ ? Œ › ˆ ™   G Š – • š › ™ ˆ ? • š G u – • T — – ? • › G š – œ ™ Š Œ š a G | • š œ š › ˆ ? • ˆ ‰ “ Œ G “ ˆ • ‹ G œ š Œ G — ™ ˆ Š › ? Š Œ š G ? • G Š – ” ‰ ? • ˆ › ? – • G ? ? › ? G “ ˆ Š ’ G – ? G š Œ Š œ ™ ? ›   G – ? G “ ˆ • ‹ G › Œ • œ ™ Œ U G p • ˆ ‹ Œ ˜ œ ˆ › Œ G ¡ – • ? • ? G ™ Œ ? œ “ ˆ › ? – • š G ˆ • ‹ V – ™ G Œ • ? – ™ Š Œ ” Œ • › b G ? • ˆ ‹ Œ ˜ œ ˆ › Œ G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G ˆ • ‹ G “ ˆ • ‹ G œ š Œ G — “ ˆ • • ? • ? U G s – ? G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G ˆ ? ˆ ™ Œ • Œ š š G ˆ • ‹ G š Œ • š Œ G – ? G ? ˆ “ œ Œ G – ™ G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G — ™ – › Œ Š › ? – • U G k Œ ? ™ ˆ ‹ ˆ › ? – • G – ? G ? ˆ › Œ ™ G ˜ œ ˆ “ ? ›   S G ™ Œ • ‹ Œ ™ ? • ? G ? ˆ › Œ ™ G œ • š œ ? › ˆ ‰ “ Œ G ? – ™ G ‹ – ” Œ š › ? Š S G ˆ ? ™ ? Š œ “ › œ ™ ˆ “ S G ? • ‹ œ š › ™ ? ˆ “ G ˆ • ‹ G – › ? Œ ™ G œ š Œ š U G k Œ ? ™ ˆ ‹ ˆ › ? – • G – ? G ” Œ ˆ ? Œ ™ G ? ˆ › Œ ™ G ™ Œ š – œ ™ Š Œ š U G z — ™ Œ ˆ ‹ G – ? G ? • ? Œ Š › ? – œ š G ‹ ? š Œ ˆ š Œ š G O ‹ ? ˆ ™ ™ ? Œ ˆ S G ” ˆ “ ˆ ™ ? ˆ S G ‰ ? “ ? ˆ ™ ¡ ? ˆ š S G ‹   š Œ • › Œ ™   S G ˆ • ‹ G ? • › Œ š › ? • ˆ “ G ? – ™ ” š P U G s – ? G “ ˆ ‰ – œ ™ G — ™ – ‹ œ Š › ? ? ? ›   G ‹ œ Œ G › – G ‹ ? š Œ ˆ š Œ š G p • Š ™ Œ ˆ š Œ ‹ G ” – ™ › ˆ “ ? ›   G ™ ˆ › Œ š G Œ š — Œ Š ? ˆ “ “   G ˆ ” – • ? G ? œ “ • Œ ™ ˆ ‰ “ Œ G ? ™ – œ — š G š œ Š ? G ˆ š G š ” ˆ “ “ G Š ? ? “ ‹ ™ Œ • S G › ? Œ G ‹ ? š — “ ˆ Š Œ ‹ G ˆ • ‹ G › ? Œ G Œ “ ‹ Œ ™ “   U G t – ‹ Œ ™ ˆ › Œ G Page 44 45 5.2 G ENERIC S OCIAL C ONCERNS G {?ŒG”ˆ?•Gš–Š?ˆ“G?ššœŒšG?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G›–‹ˆ Gˆ™ŒaG hŠœ›ŒGw–?Œ™›  G Gp›G?šGŒš›?”ˆ›Œ‹G›?ˆ›GYYLG–?G›?ŒG?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G—–—œ“ˆ›?–•G“??ŒG?•G —–?Œ™› Gˆ•‹G›??šG?šG‹?š›™?‰œ›Œ‹Gœ•Œ?Œ•“ G›?™–œ??–œ›G›?ŒG?š“ˆ•‹šG??›?Gœ—G›–G ]WLG“???•?G?•G—–?Œ™› G?•Gš–”ŒG™œ™ˆ“Gˆ™ŒˆšUGGGlŠ–•–”?ŠG?™–?›?G?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ?ˆšG ˆ?Œ™ˆ?Œ‹G ]LG ?•G YWW[G ˆ•‹G nkwG —Œ™G Šˆ—?›ˆG ?ˆšG Œš›?”ˆ›Œ‹G ˆ›G KZWWG ?•G YWW[G OŠ–”—ˆ™Œ‹G ›–G KY]WG –•G ”ˆ?•“ˆ•‹G {ˆ•¡ˆ•?ˆPUG {?œšSG Š–”—ˆ™Œ‹G ›–G {ˆ•¡ˆ•?ˆG”ˆ?•“ˆ•‹SG???Š?G?šGŠ–•š?‹Œ™Œ‹G–•ŒG–?G›?ŒG—––™Œš›GŠ–œ•›™?ŒšG?•G›?ŒG ?–™“‹SG?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G?šGš“???›“ G‰Œ››Œ™G–??G‰œ›Gš›?““G—––™UG G G op}VhpkzG Gs??ŒGŒŸ—ŒŠ›ˆ•Š G?•G{ˆ•¡ˆ•?ˆG?ˆšG‹ŒŠ“?•Œ‹G›–G[_ Œˆ™šGˆšG™Œšœ“›G –?G ›?ŒG ˆ?‹šG Œ—?‹Œ”?ŠUG G op}VhpkzG ˆ??ŒŠ›šG ‰–›?G Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•G Š–?Œ™ˆ?ŒG ˆ•‹G ˜œˆ“?› UGp›G‹ˆ”—Œ•šG›?ŒG‹Œ”ˆ•‹G?–™GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•GˆšGˆ??ŒŠ›Œ‹G?–œšŒ?–“‹šG?ˆ?ŒG ?Œ?Œ™G™Œš–œ™ŠŒšG›–Gš—Œ•‹G–•GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•GŒ?›?Œ™G‰ŒŠˆœšŒG–?G™Œ‹œŠŒ‹G?•Š–”ŒG ‹œŒG›–G”–™‰?‹?› G–?G?•Š–”ŒGŒˆ™•Œ™šG–™G‹??Œ™š?–•G–?GšŠˆ™ŠŒG™Œš–œ™ŠŒšG?–™G ?Œˆ“›?GŠˆ™ŒUGj??“‹™Œ•G?•G›?ŒšŒG?–œšŒ?–“‹šGˆ™ŒG–?›Œ•G›ˆ’Œ•G–œ›G–?GšŠ?––“G›–G Šˆ™ŒG?–™G?““G—ˆ™Œ•›šG–™G?ˆ?ŒG›–G?–™’G›–G”ˆ’ŒGœ—G?–™G“–š›G?–œšŒ?–“‹G?•Š–”ŒSG ˆ•‹G ˆ•G ?•Š™Œˆš?•?G •œ”‰Œ™G ˆ™ŒG ‰ŒŠ–”?•?G –™—?ˆ•šUG h›G ›?ŒG šˆ”ŒG ›?”ŒSG ›?ŒG Œ—?‹Œ”?ŠG ˆ??ŒŠ›šG ›?ŒG šœ——“ G –?G Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•ˆ“G šŒ™??ŠŒšG ˆ›G ˆ““G “Œ?Œ“šG ›?™–œ??G ?•Š™ŒˆšŒ‹G ”–™›ˆ“?› SG ”–™‰?‹?› G ˆ•‹G ˆ‰šŒ•›ŒŒ?š”G ˆ”–•?G ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šG ˆ•‹G Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•G—Œ™š–••Œ“UG G {?ŒGj™?š?šG?•Gl‹œŠˆ›?–• G Gh•GŒŸŠŒŒ‹?•?“ Gš”ˆ““G—™–—–™›?–•G–?G›?ŒG{ˆ•¡ˆ•?ˆ•G ˆ?ŒG?™–œ—GŠ–”—“Œ›ŒšGšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•UGh›G”–š›G\LG–?G›?ŒGˆ?ŒG?™–œ—G Š–”—“Œ›ŒšG “–?Œ™G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G ˆ•‹G XU\LG Š–”—“Œ›ŒšG œ——Œ™G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ UG hšG ˆG ™Œšœ“›SG“ŒššG›?ˆ•G\LG–?G›?ŒG“ˆ‰–™G?–™ŠŒG?ˆšG–‰›ˆ?•Œ‹GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•UG {?ŒG”ˆ?•GŠˆœšŒG?šG™Œš›™?Š›Œ‹G?•?›?ˆ“GˆŠŠŒššGˆ•‹G“–?G™Œ›Œ•›?–•UGGv•“ Gˆ‰–œ›G –•ŒG?•G?–œ™G–™G???ŒG—™?”ˆ™ GšŠ?––“GŠ–”—“Œ›Œ™šG—™–ŠŒŒ‹šG›–G“–?Œ™GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•G?•G{ˆ•¡ˆ•?ˆUG G s–?GŠ–?Œ™ˆ?ŒG–?GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G™Œ?“ŒŠ›šGŠ–•š›™ˆ?•›šG–•Gšœ——“ Gˆ•‹G ‹Œ”ˆ•‹G?–™GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GšŠ?––“G—“ˆŠŒšUG{?ŒG—™Œššœ™ŒG›–GŒŸ—ˆ•‹GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G šŠ?––“G—“ˆŠŒšG?šG“?’Œ“ G›–G™?šŒG™ˆ—?‹“ G?•G›?ŒGŠ–”?•?G Œˆ™šGˆšGˆ•G?•Š™Œˆš?•?G •œ”‰Œ™G –?G š›œ‹Œ•›šG Š–”—“Œ›ŒG ›?Œ?™G —™?”ˆ™ G šŠ?––“G Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•SG Œš—ŒŠ?ˆ““ G ??›?G›?ŒG?•›™–‹œŠ›?–•G–?G?™ŒŒG—™?”ˆ™ GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G›?ˆ›G?ˆšG™ˆ?šŒ‹G›?ŒG?™–ššG Œ•™–““”Œ•›G™ˆ›ŒG?•G—™?”ˆ™ GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G›–GXWWLG?•GYWWYGŠ–”—ˆ™Œ‹G›–G^^LG?•G YWWWUGG G nŒ•‹Œ™G pššœŒš G G ~–”Œ•G ˆ™ŒG –?›Œ•G —––™Œ™G ›?ˆ•G ”Œ•SG –?•G “ŒššG “ˆ•‹G ˆ•‹G “??Œš›–Š’G ˆ•‹G ?ˆ?ŒG ?Œ?Œ™G  Œˆ™šG –?G šŠ?––“?•?UG {?Œ™ŒG ?šG ™–œ??“ G ?Œ•‹Œ™G Œ˜œˆ“?› G ?•G ˆŠŠŒššG ›–G —™?”ˆ™ G šŠ?––“šSG ›?–œ??G ?”‰ˆ“ˆ•ŠŒšG ŒŸ?š›G ?•G Page 45 46 Š–”—“Œ›?–•G™ˆ›ŒšGˆ•‹GˆŠŠŒššG›–GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GšŠ?––“šUGnŒ•‹Œ™G?”‰ˆ“ˆ•ŠŒšGˆ™ŒG ™––›Œ‹G ˆ•‹G šœš›ˆ?•Œ‹G ‰ G ›™ˆ‹?›?–•ˆ“G ˆ•‹G Šœ“›œ™ˆ“G ?ˆ“œŒšUG p•G X``WSG ›?ŒG n–?Œ™•”Œ•›GŒš›ˆ‰“?š?Œ‹G›?ŒGt?•?š›™ G–?G~–”Œ•Gh??ˆ?™šGˆ•‹Gj??“‹™Œ•G??›?GˆG ??Œ?G›–G—™–”–›ŒG?Œ•‹Œ™GŒ˜œˆ“?› UGhG?Œ•‹Œ™GŠ–””?››ŒŒG?ˆšG‰ŒŒ•GŠ™Œˆ›Œ‹G›–G Œ•šœ™ŒG›?ˆ›GšŒŠ›–™ˆ“G?•?Œš›”Œ•›šG™Œš—–•‹G›–G›?ŒG—™?–™?› G•ŒŒ‹šG–?G‰–›?G”Œ•G ˆ•‹G?–”Œ•UG{?ŒG•Œ?G“ˆ•‹G“Œ??š“ˆ›?–•G?ˆšG™Œ—™ŒšŒ•›Œ‹Gˆ•GŒ•Š–œ™ˆ??•?Gš›Œ—G ›–?ˆ™‹šGšŒŠœ™?•?G›?ŒG™???›G–?G?–”Œ•G›–G–?•SG‹?š—–šŒG–?Gˆ•‹G?•?Œ™?›G“ˆ•‹ 514.9 641.4 8.0 5.2 0 : [ UG G 5.3 P OTENTIAL I MPACTS OF THE ZSEP 5.3.1 Potential Positive Environmental and social Impacts of the ZSEP lˆŠ?GzŠ?––“G›–G‰ŒGšœ——–™›Œ‹Gœ•‹Œ™G›?ŒG?zlwG??““G‰ŒGˆššŒššŒ‹G?–™G?”—ˆŠ›šG œ•‹Œ™G?›šG–?•G”Œ™?›G›ˆ’?•?G‹œŒG™ŒŠ–?•?›?–•G–?G›?ŒGš?¡ŒSG?Œ–?™ˆ—??Šˆ“Gˆ•‹G ŒŠ–“–??Šˆ“G šŒ››?•?G ?–™G ŒˆŠ?G —™–‘ŒŠ›UG {?ŒG —–›Œ•›?ˆ“G ?”—ˆŠ›šG ????“???›Œ‹G ?•G šŒŠ›?–•šG‰Œ“–?Gˆ™ŒG‰ˆšŒ‹G–•G–‰šŒ™?ˆ›?–•šG”ˆ‹ŒG–•GšŒ?Œ™ˆ“Gš?›ŒšG›ˆ™?Œ›Œ‹G Œ?›?Œ™G?–™G™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G–™G•Œ?GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•UGw™Œ“?”?•ˆ™ G?”—ˆŠ›G—™Œ‹?Š›?–•G ?ˆšG ‰ŒŒ•G ”ˆ‹ŒG ‰ˆšŒ‹G Š–•š?‹Œ™ˆ›?–•G –?G ›?ŒG —–›Œ•›?ˆ“G ?•›Œ™ˆŠ›?–•G ‰Œ›?ŒŒ•G Š???“G ?–™’šG ˆ•‹G ›?ŒG ‰ˆšŒ“?•ŒG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›G –?G ›?ŒG š?›ŒG ˆ“š–G ˆ?ˆ?•š›G ›?ŒG ‰ˆŠ’?™–œ•‹G –?G ?Œ•Œ™?ŠG š–Š?ˆ“G ˆ•‹G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G Š–•ŠŒ™•šG ˆšG ?‹Œ•›???Œ‹G Œ“šŒ??Œ™ŒGˆ‰–?ŒUGG G { —?Šˆ“G—™–‘ŒŠ›G?”—ˆŠ›šGˆ™ŒGšœ””ˆ™?¡Œ‹G?•G›ˆ‰“ŒG\U\Gˆ•‹G\U]G‰Œ“–?UG{?ŒšŒG ?•Š“œ‹ŒaTG G jˆ—ˆŠ?› G ‰œ?“‹?•?G ?–™G —™–?Œšš?–•ˆ“G š›ˆ??a G {?ŒG ?zlwG ?šG —–šš?‰“ G ›?ŒG ??™š›G ”ˆ‘–™G—™–‘ŒŠ›G›–G‰ŒG?”—“Œ”Œ•›Œ‹G?•G›?ŒGl‹œŠˆ›?–•GzŒŠ›–™G?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™UGhšG šœŠ?SG ?›G ?šG ˆG —™–‘ŒŠ›G ??–šŒG —“ˆ••?•?SG ?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G šœ—Œ™??š?–•G ™Œ˜œ?™ŒšGš›™–•?G‰ˆŠ’Tœ—G?•G›Œ™”šG–?GŠˆ—ˆŠ?› G‰œ?“‹?•?Gˆ•‹GŒŸ—–šœ™ŒG–?G“–Šˆ“G —™–?Œšš?–•ˆ“Gš›ˆ??UG|“›?”ˆ›Œ“ SG›?ŒG?zlwG??““G“Œˆ?ŒG‰Œ??•‹SG•–›G–•“ G—? š?Šˆ“G ˆ•‹Gš–?›?ˆ™ŒG?•?™ˆš›™œŠ›œ™ŒSG‰œ›Gˆ“š–GˆG????“ G›™ˆ?•Œ‹G—™–?Œšš?–•GŠˆ‹™ŒG–?G š›ˆ??G ??›?G Šˆ—ˆŠ?› G ›–G ™Œ—“?Šˆ›ŒG šœŠ?G ?•?›?ˆ›??ŒšG Œ“šŒ??Œ™ŒbG ˆG Š–•›™?‰œ›?–•G ??Œ?Œ‹GˆšG–•ŒG–?G›?ŒG”ˆ?•G—–š?›??ŒG?”—ˆŠ›šG–?G›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›UGG G jˆ—ˆŠ?› G‰œ?“‹?•?G?–™GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›a Gp›G?šG?œ™›?Œ™Gˆ•›?Š?—ˆ›Œ‹G ›?ˆ›G?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G–?G›??šGlztmG??““G?•Š™ŒˆšŒG?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™SG›?ŒG—™ˆŠ›?ŠŒG–?G šœ‰‘ŒŠ›?•?G ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G —™–‘ŒŠ›šG OŒš—ŒŠ?ˆ““ G Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•G —™–‘ŒŠ›šPG ›–G ˆ•G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G —™–ŠŒššSG ?•G ›?ŒG —™Œ?ˆ?“?•?G š?›œˆ›?–•G ??Œ™ŒG ˆG •ˆ›?–•ˆ“G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G —–“?Š G ˆ•‹G ™Œ?œ“ˆ›–™ G ?™ˆ”Œ?–™’G ˆ™ŒG ?Œˆ’“ G Œ•?–™ŠŒ‹UG{?ŒGlztmG –??Œ™šG›?ŒG–——–™›œ•?› G›–G?‹Œ•›?? G—–›Œ•›?ˆ“G—™–?™ˆ”G ?”—ˆŠ›šSG”?›??ˆ›ŒG›?Œ”G?Œ™???ˆ‰“ G›?™–œ??G”–•?›–™?•?G???“ŒG‰œ?“‹?•?GŠˆ—ˆŠ?› G ?–™GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›Gˆ›Gˆ“G“Œ?Œ“šG–?G—™–‘ŒŠ›G”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G‹–?•G›–G ›?ŒGzŠ?––“Gi–ˆ™‹šGˆ•‹G“–Šˆ“GŠ–””œ•?›?ŒšG“Œ‹G‰ Gz?Œ?ˆšUGGG 4 See the Resettlement Policy Framework for this project for more information on land regulation. Page 46 47 G t–™ŒG‹?™ŒŠ›“ SG—–š?›??ŒG?”—ˆŠ›šG–?G›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›G??““G”ˆ•??Œš›GˆšG?–““–?šaTG p”—™–?Œ”Œ•›G?•G˜œˆ“?› G–?GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ Gˆ•‹G›Œ™›?ˆ™ GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™ aGi G ™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?•?G ˆ•‹G Œ˜œ?——?•?G –“‹G ‹?“ˆ—?‹ˆ›Œ‹G šŠ?––“G ‰œ?“‹?•?šG ??›?G ”–‹Œ™•G ?ˆŠ?“?›?ŒšG ?–™G ›?ŒG ›ŒˆŠ??•?G –?G šŠ?Œ•ŠŒG šœ‰‘ŒŠ›šSG p{G ˆ•‹G Š–TŠœ™™?Šœ“ˆG Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•SG›?ŒG?zlwG??““G?”—ˆŠ›G—–š?›??Œ“ G–•G‹Œ“??Œ™ G–?G˜œˆ“?› GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G›?œšG?ˆŠ?“?›ˆ›ŒG—™–‹œŠ›?–•G–?GšŠ?––“G“Œˆ?Œ™šG??–Gˆ™ŒG‰Œ››Œ™GŒ˜œ?——Œ‹G›–G Š–”—Œ›ŒG ?–™G —™–?Œšš?–•ˆ“G ›™ˆ?•?•?G š—ˆŠŒšG ˆ›G •ˆ›?–•ˆ“G “Œ?Œ“G –™G ?–™G ›?ŒG ‘–‰G ”ˆ™’Œ›UG ?zlwSG ›?Œ™Œ?–™ŒSG ?šG š›™ˆ›Œ??ŠG ?•G ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G –?G ›?ŒG •ˆ›?–•ˆ“G —™–?Œšš?–•ˆ“G?œ”ˆ•G™Œš–œ™ŠŒG‰ˆšŒG–?G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™UGG G p”—™–?Œ”Œ•›G–?G›?ŒGšˆ?Œ› Gˆ•‹G˜œˆ“?› G–?G“??ŒG?–™Gš›œ‹Œ•›ša G{?ŒG–‰šŒ™?ˆ›?–•G –?G ›??šG š›œ‹ G ?šG ›?ˆ›G ?ˆŠ?“?›?ŒšG Šœ™™Œ•›“ G ˆ?ˆ?“ˆ‰“ŒG ?•G ›?ŒG ‰Œš›G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G šŠ?––“šGˆ™ŒGˆ›G‰Œš›G—ˆ›?Œ›?ŠTGˆG—?Š›œ™ŒG‰Œš›G?““œš›™ˆ›Œ‹G‰ G›?ŒGŠ–•‹?›?–•G–?G ‹–™”?›–™?ŒšG ˆ›G m?‹Œ“G jˆš›™–G o???G zŠ?––“TG –•G –?G ›?ŒG ‰Œš›G ?•G |•?œ‘ˆG ˆ•‹G wŒ”‰ˆUGw™–??š?–•G–?G˜œˆ“?› G?ˆŠ?“?›?ŒšG?•Š“œ‹?•?G™Œ?•?–™ŠŒ”Œ•›G–?G‹?“ˆ—?‹ˆ›Œ‹G š›™œŠ›œ™ŒšG?•G–“‹G ›–?•G ??““G?œ™›?Œ™G Œ•?ˆ•ŠŒG›?ŒGšˆ?Œ› G –?G–ŠŠœ—ˆ•›šG›?œšG ?™Œˆ›“ G›–•?•?G‹–?•G—–›Œ•›?ˆ“G?–™G–ŠŠœ™™Œ•ŠŒG–?G‹?šŒˆšŒšGˆšš–Š?ˆ›Œ‹G??›?G ŒŸ—–šœ™ŒGˆ•‹SG›?ŒG?ˆ¡ˆ™‹šGˆšš–Š?ˆ›Œ‹G??›?G–ŠŠœ—ˆ›?–•G–?G?ˆ?“?•?G‰œ?“‹?•?šUG {??šG”ˆ G‰ŒG›?ŒGš?•?“ŒG”–š›G?”—–™›ˆ•›G?”—ˆŠ›G–?G™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G?–™’šUGG G p”—™–?Œ”Œ•›G ?•G Œ•™–““”Œ•›G ™ˆ›Œa G {?ŒG –›?Œ™G ‹™ˆš›?ŠG —–š?›??ŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šG ˆ™ŒG ˆšš–Š?ˆ›Œ‹G??›?Gˆ•›?Š?—ˆ›Œ‹Gš??•???Šˆ•›G?•Š™ŒˆšŒG?•G›?ŒGŒ•™–“”Œ•›G™ˆ›ŒGˆ›G›?ŒG šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G“Œ?Œ“G‰ G?•Š™Œˆš?•?G›?ŒG•œ”‰Œ™G–?GŠ“ˆšš™––”V—“ˆŠŒšG?•G ›?ŒG —œ‰“?ŠSG šŠ?––“šG š š›Œ”G ›?™–œ??–œ›G ›?ŒG Š–œ•›™ UG mœ™›?Œ™SG ›?™–œ??G —™–??š?–•G–?Gˆ‹‹?›?–•ˆ“G›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šSG›?ŒG•ˆ›?–•ˆ“GšŠ?––“Œ‹G“ˆ‰–œ™G?–™ŠŒG?šGšŒ›G›–G ?•Š™ŒˆšŒG‹™ˆš›?Šˆ““ Gˆ•‹G›??šG?šGš›™ˆ›Œ??ŠG›–G—Œ•Œ›™ˆ›?–•G–?G›?ŒG‘–‰G”ˆ™’Œ›G?•G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G ˆ•‹G ‰Œ –•‹UG mœ™›?Œ™SG —™–??š?–•G –?G ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›ŒG š—ˆŠŒG ?•G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G šŠ?––“šG??““G—?ˆšŒG–œ›G›?ŒGŠœ™™Œ•›G‹–œ‰“ŒGš???›Gš š›Œ”G?•G???Š?Gš›œ‹Œ•›šG –•“ G?Œ›G›–Gš—Œ•‹G?ˆ“?GˆG‹ˆ G?•GšŠ?––“Gˆ•‹Gˆ™ŒG–œ›Gˆ›G?–”ŒG?•G?ˆ“?G›?ŒG›?”ŒUG i G ?ˆŠ?“?›ˆ›?•?G ›?ŒG š›œ‹Œ•›šG ›–G š—Œ•‹G ”ˆŸ?”œ”G ›?”ŒG ?•G šŠ?––“SG ›??šG ??““G ?”—™–?ŒG›?ŒG–——–™›œ•?› G–?G–•ŒG›–G–•ŒG›ŒˆŠ?Œ™Tš›œ‹Œ•›GŠ–•›ˆŠ›šG???Š?G?šG Š–•‹?›?–•ˆ“G›–GŒ??ŒŠ›??ŒG›™ˆ•š?Œ™G–?G’•–?“Œ‹?ŒUGG G w–›Œ•›?ˆ“G?”—ˆŠ›G–•Gop}VhpkzGˆ?ˆ™Œ•Œšša G{?™–œ??G?•Š™ŒˆšŒGŒ•™–““”Œ•›G?•G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•SGˆ‹‹?›?–•ˆ“G–——–™›œ•?›?ŒšG?–™G—œ‰“?ŠG?Œˆ“›?Gˆ?ˆ™Œ•ŒššG ˆ•‹G Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•G ?–™G —™–›ŒŠ›?–•G ˆ•‹G —™Œ?Œ•›?–•G ˆ?ˆ?•š›G op}VhpkzG ??““G ‰ŒG ˆ?ˆ?“ˆ‰“ŒG?–™GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GšŠ?––“G?–?•?Gˆ?ŒGˆ”–•?G‰– šGˆ•‹G??™“šUGp›G?šG›??šG ˆ?ŒG?™–œ—G›?ˆ›G?šG—ˆ™›?Šœ“ˆ™“ G?œ“•Œ™ˆ‰“ŒG›–G›??šGŒ—?‹Œ”?ŠUG G l“?”?•ˆ›?–•G –?G ?•Œ˜œ?› G –?G ˆŠŠŒššG ˆ•‹G ›?™–œ??—œ›G ?•G Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•G ˆ”–•?G ?Œ–?™ˆ—??Šˆ“G ˆ™ŒˆšSG ?•Š–”ŒG ?™–œ—šG ˆ•‹G ‰Œ›?ŒŒ•G ?Œ•‹Œ™šaG i G ??™›œŒG –?G Š–””œ•?›?ŒšG ‰Œ?•?G ›™ˆ‹?›?–•ˆ““ G ˆš’Œ‹G ›–G Š–•›™?‰œ›ŒG ›–?ˆ™‹šG šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G Page 47 48 šŠ?––“G ŒŸ›Œ•š?–•SG œšœˆ““ G ??›??•G ˆG Š–”‰?•Œ‹G —™?”ˆ™ VšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G šŠ?––“G š š›Œ”SGŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G—–šŒšGˆG??•ˆ•Š?ˆ“G‰œ™‹Œ•G›–G?–œšŒ?–“‹šUGUGhšG ?Œ““SG ????G —Œ™G š›œ‹Œ•›G Š–š›G –•G ?–œšŒ?–“‹šG ˆ•‹G ›?ŒG —œ‰“?ŠG šŒŠ›–™G ?•G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G?šGˆG”ˆ‘–™GŠ–•š›™ˆ?•›G›–GˆŠŠŒššG›–GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•UGp•‹ŒŒ‹SG ›?ŒG ‰œ™‹Œ•G –?G ??•ˆ•Š?•?G Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•G ?šG ˆŠ’•–?“Œ‹?Œ‹G ˆšG ˆG ”ˆ‘–™G ‹™ˆ?•G ›–G ?–œšŒG?–“‹G?•Š–”ŒšGˆ•‹GˆG”ˆ‘–™GŠ–•›™?‰œ›–™G›–G?•Œ˜œ?› G?•GˆŠŠŒššUG{?œšSG‰ G “??›?•?G –??G ›?ŒG ‰œ™‹Œ•G –?G ??•ˆ•Š?•?G ™Œ?œ™‰?š?”Œ•›G –?G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G Œ‹œŠˆ›?–•G ?•?™ˆš›™œŠ›œ™ŒG ?•G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™SG ?zlwG ??““G ™Œ”–?ŒG ˆG ?œ?ŒG ‰œ™‹Œ•G ?™–”G ?–œšŒ?–“‹šGˆ•‹G›?œšG?ˆŠ?“?›ˆ›ŒGŠ?ˆ••Œ“?•?G–?G?œ•‹šGˆ™ŒGŠ?ˆ••Œ“Œ‹G›–G–›?Œ™G Œ˜œˆ““ G•ŒŒ‹ GŠˆšŒšUGz?”œ“›ˆ•Œ–œš“ SG?zlwG??““G™Œ”–?ŒG??•ˆ•Š?ˆ“G–‰š›ˆŠ“ŒšG ›?ˆ›G‹Œ›Œ™GŠ??“‹™Œ•G?™–”G“ŒššGŒ•‹–?Œ‹G?ˆ”?“?ŒšG?™–”GˆŠŠŒšš?•?GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G ›?œšG ?”—™–?ŒG ›?ŒG Š?ˆ•ŠŒšG –?G šœŠ?G ?–œšŒ?–“‹šG ›–G —Œ•Œ›™ˆ›ŒG ›?ŒG ŒŠ–•–”?ŠGš š›Œ”G?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™Gˆ•‹G‰Œ –•‹UG?zlwGˆšGŠœ™™Œ•›“ G‹Œš??•Œ‹G?šG šŒŒ•GˆšGˆG”ˆ‘–™Gˆ??™–•›Gˆ?ˆ?•š›G™œ™ˆ“G—–?Œ™› G?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™UG GG p”—ˆŠ›šG–•G›?ŒG™œ™ˆ“Gˆ•‹G•ˆ›?–•ˆ“GŒŠ–•–”?Œša Gp•G›?ŒGš?–™›T›Œ™”SG?zlwG??““G Š™Œˆ›ŒG–——–™›œ•?›?ŒšG?–™GŒ”—“– ”Œ•›G?•GŠ???“G?–™’šG???“ŒG–—Œ™ˆ›?–•G–?G›?ŒG ?•š›?›œ›?–•šG?šG“?’Œ“ G›–GŠ™Œˆ›ŒG?œ““›?”ŒGŒ”—“– ”Œ•›G›–Gš–”ŒG—Œ–—“ŒUGGv›?Œ™šG ??““G‰Œ•Œ??›G?™–”G‰œš?•ŒššG–——–™›œ•?›?ŒšGŠ™Œˆ›Œ‹G‰ G”ˆ™’Œ›G?–™GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•G ”ˆ›Œ™?ˆ“šGˆ•‹Gšœ——“ G–?G?––‹š›œ??šGˆ•‹G?œŒ“G?––‹G›–G›?ŒG•Œ?G?•š›?›œ›?–•šUG {??šG??““G‰––š›G›?ŒG™œ™ˆ“GŒŠ–•–” Gˆ•‹G?šGˆ•Gˆ??™–•›Gˆ?ˆ?•š›G™œ™ˆ“G—–?Œ™› UGG G j–•›™?‰œ›?–•G ›–G •ˆ›?–•ˆ“G ?–œš?•?G šŠ?Œ”Œša G w™–??š?–•G –?G ?–œš?•?G ›–G š›ˆ??G ”Œ”‰Œ™šG ?•G ”–‹Œ“G šŠ?––“šG ˆ•‹G ›?ŒG iŒ•‘ˆ”?•G t’ˆ—ˆG {ŒˆŠ?Œ™šG j–““Œ?ŒG ˆ”–œ•›šG›–GŠ™Œˆ›?–•G–?Gˆ‹‹?›?–•ˆ“G‹ŒŠŒ•›G?–œš?•?G?–™G‰Œ•Œ??Š?ˆ™ G?ˆ”?“?ŒšUGG w–›Œ•›?ˆ“Gh‹?Œ™šŒGl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gp”—ˆŠ›šG?™–”G›?ŒG?zlwGG G jˆ™Œ?œ“GšŒ“ŒŠ›?–•G–?Gš?›ŒšG?–™G•Œ?GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•G›–?Œ›?Œ™G??›?Gˆ‹?Œ™Œ•ŠŒG›–G ›??šG lztmG ??““G ?™Œˆ›“ G ™Œ‹œŠŒG –ŠŠœ™™Œ•ŠŒG –?G ˆ‹?Œ™šŒG š–Š?ˆ“G ˆ•‹G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G?”—ˆŠ›šGœ•‹Œ™G›?ŒG?zlwUGo–?Œ?Œ™SGˆ‹?Œ™šŒG?”—ˆŠ›šGˆ™ŒGš›?““G “?’Œ“ G›–G”ˆ•??Œš›G?•G›?ŒG?–““–??•?Gˆ™ŒˆšaTG G yŒ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G??““G›Œ”—–™ˆ™?“ G‹?š—“ˆŠŒG›ˆ™?Œ›GšŠ?––“ša G{?ŒG”–š›G‹™ˆ”ˆ›?ŠG ˆ•‹GŠ–•š—?Šœ–œšGˆ‹?Œ™šŒG?”—ˆŠ›G?™–”G?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G–?G?zlwG?šGˆšš–Š?ˆ›Œ‹G ??›?G‹?š—“ˆŠŒ”Œ•›G–?G›ˆ™?Œ›GšŠ?––“šG‹œ™?•?G›?ŒG—Œ™?–‹G–?GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•G™Œ—ˆ?™G ?–™’šUGh•G???Œ•G›?ŒGšŠˆ™Š?› G–?GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GšŠ?––“šG?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™SG–——–™›œ•?› G ?–™G ™Œ“–Šˆ›?•?G ›?ŒG ˆ??ŒŠ›Œ‹G šŠ?––“šG ??““G ‰ŒG “?”?›Œ‹G ˆ•‹G ›??šG Š–œ“‹G ˆ“š–G ˆ”–œ•›G ›–G ‹?š™œ—›?•?G –?G šŒ™??ŠŒšG ?•G ›?ŒG ?–š›G šŠ?––“šUG |•“ŒššG Šˆ™Œ?œ““ G —“ˆ••Œ‹SG ‹?š—“ˆŠŒ”Œ•›G –?G šŠ?––“šG ?šG “?’Œ“ G ›–G ?œ™›G “Œˆ™•?•?G ‰ G ?•Š–•?Œ•?Œ•Š?•?G ‰–›?G š›ˆ??G ˆ•‹G š›œ‹Œ•›šG ˆ•‹G Š–œ“‹G“Œˆ‹G ›–G š–”ŒG Š??“‹™Œ•G ‹™–——?•?G–œ›G–?GšŠ?––“Gˆ“›–?Œ›?Œ™UGG G p”—ˆŠ›šG –?G ”ˆ›Œ™?ˆ“G šœ——“ G ?–™G Š–•š›™œŠ›?–•a G kœ™?•?G Š–•š›™œŠ›?–•SG Page 48 49 ?•ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›ŒG šœ—Œ™??š?–•G –?G —™–‘ŒŠ›G Š–•›™ˆŠ›–™šG Š–œ“‹G Š™Œˆ›ŒG “––—?–“ŒšG ?–™G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ‰œšŒG›?™–œ??G•–•Tšœš›ˆ?•ˆ‰“ŒGš–œ™Š?•?G–?G‰œ?“‹?•?G”ˆ›Œ™?ˆ“UG {??šG?šG“?’Œ“ G›–G ŠˆœšŒG“–•?T›Œ™”G?”—ˆŠ›šG šœŠ?G ˆšG›?–šŒGˆšš–Š?ˆ›Œ‹G??›?G •–•Tšœš›ˆ?•ˆ‰“ŒG˜œˆ™™ G—™ˆŠ›?ŠŒšGˆ•‹G‹Œ?–™Œš›ˆ›?–•G?–™Gšœ——“ G–?G‰œ?“‹?•?G ?––‹UG{?ŒG“ˆ››Œ™G›?–Gˆ™ŒG”ˆ‘–™GŠ–•ŠŒ™•šG?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™GŠœ™™Œ•›“ UGG G p”—ˆŠ›šG ˆšš–Š?ˆ›Œ‹G ??›?G –—Œ™ˆ›?–•G –?G Š–”—“Œ›Œ‹G ?ˆŠ?“?›?ŒšaG v—Œ™ˆ›?–•G –?G ‰–ˆ™‹?•?G šŠ?––“šG ˆ•‹G Š–““Œ?ŒšG ??““G ™Œ˜œ?™ŒG Š–•›?•œŒšG šœ——“ G –?G ?•—œ›šSG —™Œ‹–”?•ˆ•›“ G ?–œšŒ?–“‹G Œ•Œ™? SG ?ˆ›Œ™G ˆ•‹G Œ“ŒŠ›™?Š?› G ˆ•‹G ??““G Š–•›?•œ–œš“ G?Œ•Œ™ˆ›ŒGŒ??“œŒ•›GšœŠ?GˆšGš–“?‹G?ˆš›ŒSG?ˆš›ŒG?ˆ›Œ™SGšŒ?ˆ?ŒSG š”–’ŒSGŒ›ŠG???“ŒGŠ™Œˆ›?–•G–?GG?•š›?›œ›?–•šG?•G?–™”Œ™“ Gˆ?™?Šœ“›œ™ˆ“G“ˆ•‹šG??““G Š?ˆ•?ŒG ›?ŒG “–Šˆ“G ? ‹™–“–??Šˆ“G Š–•‹?›?–•G “Œˆ‹?•?G ›–G ”–™ŒG ?Œ•Œ™ˆ›?–•G –?G šœ™?ˆŠŒG™œ•–??G??›?G—–›Œ•›?ˆ“G›–G›™???Œ™G–™Gˆ??™ˆ?ˆ›ŒGš–?“GŒ™–š?–•G—™–‰“Œ”UGG v—Œ™ˆ›?–•G –?G ?•š›?›œ›?–•šSG ›?Œ™Œ?–™ŒSG ?ˆšG —–›Œ•›?ˆ“G ›–G ˆ??™ˆ?ˆ›ŒG ›?ŒG ›??•G —™–‰“Œ”šG –?G ‹Œ?™ˆ‹ˆ›?–•G –?G ›Œ™™Œš›™?ˆ“G ˆ•‹G ˆ˜œˆ›?ŠG ŒŠ–š š›Œ”šG ???Š?G ?šG ˆ“™Œˆ‹ GˆG”ˆ‘–™GŠ–•ŠŒ™•G?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G›–‹ˆ UGG G p”—ˆŠ›šGˆšš–Š?ˆ›Œ‹G??›?G•–•TŒ“?”?•ˆ›?–•G–?G‰ˆ™™?Œ™šG›–GŒ‹œŠˆ›?–•a G|•“ŒššG Šˆœ›?–•G ?šG ›ˆ’Œ•G ›–G ?•?–“?ŒG “–Šˆ“G Š–””œ•?›?ŒšG ?•G ›?ŒG —™Œ—ˆ™ˆ›?–•G –?G ›?Œ?™G k?š›™?Š›Gˆ•‹GyŒ??–•ˆ“GzŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GzŠ?––“šGkŒ?Œ“–—”Œ•›Gw“ˆ•šG‰ G›?Œ?™Gs–Šˆ“G n–?Œ™•”Œ•›šSGˆ‹?Œ™šŒG?”—ˆŠ›šGšœŠ?GˆšGŒŸŠ“œš?–•G–?G?œ“•Œ™ˆ‰“ŒG?™–œ—šG?™–”G —ˆ™›?Š?—ˆ›?•?G?•Gˆ•‹G‰Œ•Œ??›?•?G?™–”G—™–‘ŒŠ›GˆŠ›???›?ŒšSG‰ˆ™™?Œ™šG›–GˆŠŠŒššG›–VG Œ•™–““”Œ•›G ?•G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G šŠ?––“šG ‹œŒG ›–G G š›??”ˆ›?¡ˆ›?–•SG ?ˆ™”?œ“G Šœ“›œ™ˆ“G —™ˆŠ›?ŠŒšSGˆŠœ›ŒG—–?Œ™› Gˆ”–•?G?œ“•Œ™ˆ‰“ŒG?™–œ—šSG‹?šŠ™?”?•ˆ›?–•SGŒ›ŠG”ˆ G š›?““G—Œ™š?š›Gˆ•‹G›??šG”ˆ Gœ•‹Œ™”?•ŒGˆŠ??Œ?Œ”Œ•›G–?G?zlwG?–ˆ“šG???Š?Gˆ™ŒG —ˆ™›“ G ”–›??ˆ›Œ‹G ‰ G ›?ŒG p•›Œ™•ˆ›?–•ˆ“G kŒŠ“ˆ™ˆ›?–•G –?G l‹œŠˆ›?–•G ›–G ˆ““UG hšG ?Œ““SG •–•T•Œ?–›?ˆ›Œ‹G “ˆ•‹G ˆŠ˜œ?š?›?–•šVœšŒG ™Œšœ“›?•?G ?•G ?•?–“œ•›ˆ™ G ™ŒšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›VG‹?š—“ˆŠŒ”Œ•›G?•Š“œ‹?•?GŒ•Š™–ˆŠ?”Œ•›G–•GŠœ“›œ™ˆ“Gˆ•‹GšˆŠ™Œ‹G š?›ŒšGˆ™ŒG“?’Œ“ G›–GŠˆœšŒGš›™??ŒG???Š?G”ˆ Gœ•‹Œ™”?•ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›G‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G ˆ•‹G—™–?™ŒššUGG G G G G G Page 49 5 0 { ˆ ‰ “ Œ G \ U \ a G G t ˆ › ™ ? Ÿ G ? – ™ G — – › Œ • › ? ˆ “ G — – š ? › ? ? Œ G š – Š ? ˆ “ G ˆ • ‹ G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G ? ” — ˆ Š › š G œ • ‹ Œ ™ G › ? Œ G ? z l w G G C o m p o n e n t A c t i v i t y P r i m a r y I m p a c t S e c o n d a r y I m p a c t D u r a t i o n S e v e r i t y r a n k i n g W e i g h t i n g S e n s i t i z i n g s o c i e t y o n e n v i r o n m e n t a l r e q u i r e m e n t s W i l l i m p r o v e e n v i r o n m e n t a l a w a r e n e s s L o n g - t e r m H i g h 2 P G e n e r a t i o n o f a d a t a b a s e o n s o c i a l a n d p h y s i c a l e n v i r o n m e n t o f p r o j e c t I m p r o v e s p u b l i c a w a r e n e s s L o n g - t e r m M o d e r a t e P S u b j e c t i n g t h e e n t i r e p r o j e c t t o a n E A p r o c e s s P r o j e c t i m p l e m e n t a t i o n w i l l d r a w c o l l a b o r a t i o n a c r o s s s e c t o r s C r e a t i o n o f a f o r u m f o r i n t e r d e p a r t m e n t a l c o o p e r a t i o n L o n g - t e r m M o d e r a t e P G e n e r a l P r o g r a m m e d e v e l o p m e n t a n d i m p l e m e n t a t i o n C a p a c i t y b u i l d i n g f o r M o V T s t a f f a n d o t h e r s S u c h s k i l l s w i l l b e u s e f u l o u t s i d e p r o j e c t w o r k L o n g - t e r m H i g h 2 P C r e a t i o n o f e m p l o y m e n t i n d e s i g n , c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d s u p e r v i s i o n A d d i t i o n i n c o m e t o h o u s e h o l d s S h o r t - t e r m H i g h 2 P P r o v i s i o n o f i m p r o v e d a n d e x p a n d e d f a c i l i t i e s f o r l e a r n i n g I m p r o v e q u a l i t y o f e d u c a t i o n L o n g - t e r m H i g h 2 P R e h a b i l i t a t i o n o f o l d s c h o o l s D e m o l i t i o n a n d r e h a b i l i t a t i o n R e v e n u e s p a i d t o r e s p e c t i v e a u t h o r i t i e s A d d s t o r e v e n u e b a s e S h o r t - t e r m L o w 0 S i t e s e l e c t i o n , c l e a r i n g a n d l e v e l i n g S t a k e h o l d e r c o l l a b o r a t i o n a n d i n v o l v e m e n t S t r e n g t h e n t i e s L o n g - t e r m M o d e r a t e P E m p l o y m e n t i n c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k A d d i t i o n a l i n c o m e S h o r t - t e r m M o d e r a t e P C o n s t r u c t i o n o f n e w s c h o o l s C o n s t r u c t i o n o f s u p e r s t r u c t u r e s M a r k e t f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n m a t e r i a l s C o n t r i b u t e s t o l o c a l a n d n a t i o n a l e c o n o m y S h o r t - t e r m M o d e r a t e P O p e r a t i o n o f c o m p l e t e d s t r u c t u r e s C r e a t i o n o f a d d i t i o n a l c a p a c i t y f o r s e c o n d a r y a n d t e a c h e r t r a i n i n g i n Z a n z i b a r C o n t r i b u t i o n t o n a t i o n a l s k i l l e d h u m a n r e s o u r c e b a s e L o n g - t e r m H i g h 2 P Page 50 5 1 S h o r t a n d l o n g - t e r m i m p a c t s o n H I V / A I D S t h r o u g h s e n s i t i z a t i o n o f m o r e s t u d e n t s u n d e r a s c h o o l e n v i r o n m e n t C h i l d r e n w i l l b e m o r e a w a r e o f H I I V / A I D S w h i l e s p e n d i n g m o r e t i m e i n s c h o o l w i l l r e d u c e c h a n c e e x p o s u r e L o n g - t e r m H i g h 2 P C r e a t i o n o f e m p l o y m e n t i n n e w f a c i l i t i e s N e w b a s f o r l i v e l i h o o d c r e a t e d L o n g - t e r m H i g h 2 P C r e a t i o n o f m a r k e t f o r f o o d s t u f f s , f u e l w o o d e t c t o b o a r d i n g i n s t i t u t i o n s N e w b a s e f o r l i v e l i h o o d s L o n g - t e r m H i g h 2 P C r e a t i o n o f a c c o m m o d a t i o n f o r t e a c h i n g s t a f f . M o r e h o u s e h o l d s w i l l n o w a c c e s s m o r e d e c e n t h o u s i n g L o n g - t e r m H i g h 2 P G G G G G G G G G G G { ˆ ‰ “ Œ G \ U ] a G G t ˆ › ™ ? Ÿ G ? – ™ G — – › Œ • › ? ˆ “ G ˆ ‹ ? Œ ™ š Œ G š – Š ? ˆ “ G ˆ • ‹ G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G ? ” — ˆ Š › š G œ • ‹ Œ ™ G › ? Œ G ? z l w G G C o m p o n e n t A c t i v i t y P r i m a r y I m p a c t S e c o n d a r y I m p a c t D u r a t i o n F e a s i b i l i t y o f m i t i g a t i o n S e v e r i t y r a n k i n g W e i g h t i n g D i s r u p t i o n o f l e a r n i n g p r o c e s s S h o r t - t e r m V a r i e d H i g h 2 N R e h a b i l i t a t i o n o f o l d s c h o o l s D e m o l i t i o n a n d r e h a b i l i t a t i o n D i s p l a c e m e n t o f e n t i r e s c h o o l I n c o n v e n i e n c e t o s c h o o l s t a f f a n d s t u d e n t s , S h o r t - t e r m R e v e r s i b l e L o w 0 Page 51 5 2 C o n g e s t i o n a n d s t r e t c h i n g o f f a c i l i t i e s i n h o s t s c h o o l s S h o r t - t e r m R e v e r s i b l e L o w 0 G e n e r a t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n d e b r i s L i t t e r i n g o f t h e t o w n S h o r t - t e r m R e v e r s i b l e L o w 0 O c c u p a t i o n a l h a z a r d s t o c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k e r s P o s s i b l e i n j u r i e s a n d a s s o c i a t e d s o c i a l c o s t s S h o r t - t e r m V a r i e d L o w 0 O c c u p a t i o n a l H e a l t h a n d s a f e t y h a z a r d s t o w o r k e r s E r o s i o n o f t h e t o u r i s t i c a p p e a l o f s t o n e t o w n L o n g - t e r m I r r e v e r s i b l e H i g h 2 N D e s t r u c t i o n o f b i o d i v e r s i t y L o n g - t e r m R e v e r s i b l e L o w 0 C r e a t i o n o f s o i l d e b r i s S h o r t - t e r m R e v e r s i b l e L o w 0 R e m o v a l o f s o i l a n d v e g e t a t i o n D u s t , n o i s e a n d o t h e r n u i s a n c e S h o r t - t e r m R e v e r s i b l e L o w 0 E n c r o a c h m e n t o n s a c r e d s i t e s a n d c u l t u r a l h e r i t a g e s i t e s C r e a t e s s o c i a l t e n s i o n a n d s t r i v e L o n g - t e r m I r r e v e r s i b l e M o d e r a t e N S i t e c l e a r i n g a n d l e v e l i n g D i s p l a c e m e n t o f o t h e r l a n d u s e r s b y s c h o o l U n d e r m i n e a g r i c u l t u r e , h u m a n s e t t l e m e n t e t c S h o r t - t e r m R e v e r s i b l e M o d e r a t e N C o n s u m p t i o n o f q u a r r y s t o n e a n d s a n d I m p a c t s a t m a t e r i a l b o r r o w a r e a s L o n g - t e r m R e v e r s i b l e M o d e r a t e N C o n s u m p t i o n o f t i m b e r a n d o t h e r w o o d I m p a c t s o n n a t i o n a l f o r e s t s S h o r t - t e r m R e v e r s i b l e M o d e r a t e N C o n s t r u c t i o n o f n e w s c h o o l s C o n s t r u c t i o n o f s u p e r s t r u c t u r e s O c c u p a t i o n a l h e a l t h a n d s a f e t y h a z a r d s I n j u r i e s a n d a s s o c i a t e d s o c i a l c o s t s V a r i e d d e p e n d i n g o n d e g r e e o f i n j u r y V a r i e d V a r i e d 0 O v e r l o a d o f e x i s t i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e s O v e r l o a d e d s e w a g e , s t o r m d r a i n a g e , e t c L o n g - t e r m R e v e r s i b l e M o d e r a t e N O p e r a t i o n o f c o m p l e t e d s t r u c t u r e s G e n e r a t i o n o f s o l i d a n d l i q u i d w a s t e L i t t e r i n g o f t h e n e i g h b o r h o o d L o n g - t e r m R e v e r s i b l e M o d e r a t e N Page 52 5 3 C h a n g e i n t h e l o c a l h y d r o l o g y G e n e r a t i o n o f m o r e s u r f a c e r u n o f f a n d s o i l e r o s i o n L o n g - t e r m R e v e r s i b l e M o d e r a t e N C o n s u m p t i o n o f w o o d f u e l L o n g - t e r m R e v e r s i b l e M o d e r a t e N P r e s s u r e o n r e s o u r c e s C o n s u m p t i o n o f w a t e r r e s o u r c e s L o n g - t e r m R e v e r s i b l e L o w 0 F i n a l w e i g h t i n g T o t a l P = 2 3 T o t a l N = 1 2 N e t w e i g h t = 1 1 P P o s i t i v e i m p a c t s o u t w e i g h a d v e r s e i m p a c t s w d o ? ? ? G — – š ? › ? ? Œ G ? ” — ˆ Š › S G w d G ” – ‹ Œ ™ ˆ › Œ G — – š ? › ? ? Œ G ? ” — ˆ Š › S G W d “ – ? G ? ” — ˆ Š › S G G u d ” – ‹ Œ ™ ˆ › Œ G ˆ ‹ ? Œ ™ š Œ G ? ” — ˆ Š › S G Y • G š Œ ? Œ ™ Œ G ˆ ‹ ? Œ ™ š Œ G ? ” — ˆ Š › U G G G G G Page 53 54 5.3.3 Net social and environmental impacts of the project v?Œ™ˆ““SG ›?ŒG ?zlwG ?šG “?’Œ“ G ›–G ?ˆ?ŒG ˆG —–š?›??ŒG ?”—ˆŠ›G –•G ›?ŒG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›G?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™SG?•G›?ŒGš?–™›SG”Œ‹?œ”Gˆ•‹G“–•?G›Œ™”UGGm?™š›“ SG ›?ŒG —™–‘ŒŠ›G ‰Œ•Œ??›šG ?•G ›Œ™”šG –?G š–Š?ˆ“G ˆ•‹G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ?”—ˆŠ›šG –œ›?Œ???G›?ŒGˆ‹?Œ™šŒG?”—ˆŠ›šUGG{?ŒG?zlwG??““G—–šŒG•–G‹?™ŒŠ›G™?š’šG›–G ‰?–‹??Œ™š?› SG •ˆ›œ™ˆ“G ?ˆ‰?›ˆ›šG ˆ•‹G ?Œ›“ˆ•‹šSG ˆšG ?›G ??““G •–›G ?œ•‹G ˆŠ›???›?ŒšG?•G—™–›ŒŠ›Œ‹Gˆ™ŒˆšSG•ˆ›?–•ˆ“G—ˆ™’šG–™G?Œ›“ˆ•‹šUGmœ™›?Œ™SG–œ›G –?GX_G—–šš?‰“ŒGˆ‹?Œ™šŒG?”—ˆŠ›šSG?ˆ“?Gˆ™ŒGš?–™›T›Œ™”G?•G”ˆ•??Œš›ˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G ??““G Š“Œˆ™G –•ŠŒG Š–•š›™œŠ›?–•G Œ•‹šUG p•‹ŒŒ‹SG ›?ŒG ‰œ“’G –?G ?”—ˆŠ›šG ˆ“š–G?ˆ?ŒG™Œˆ‹?“ Gˆ?ˆ?“ˆ‰“ŒG”Œˆ•šG?–™G›–›ˆ“Gˆ•‹GŒ??ŒŠ›??ŒG”?›??ˆ›?–•bGTG –œ›G–?G›?ŒG`G“–•?T›Œ™”G?”—ˆŠ›šSG_Gˆ™ŒG—–šš?‰“ G™Œ?Œ™š?‰“ŒG“Œˆ??•?G–•“ G ?–œ™G?ˆ?™“ G?™™Œ?Œ™š?‰“ŒG?ˆŠ›–™šSG›?ŒG’Œ G–?G???Š?G?šGˆšš–Š?ˆ›Œ‹G??›?G Š?ˆ•?ŒšG?•G›?ŒGz›–•ŒG{–?•Gh™Š??›ŒŠ›œ™ŒUG{?ŒG“ˆ››Œ™G?”—ˆŠ›G?šG?ˆ?™“ G Œˆš G›–G”?›??ˆ›ŒGš?•ŠŒG?•G–™‹Œ™G›–G?œ““ GŠ–”—“ G??›?G™Œ˜œ?™Œ”Œ•›šG–?G ›?ŒG~–™“‹Gj–•?Œ•›?–•G–•GoŒ™?›ˆ?ŒGz?›ŒšTGˆ•‹G—™ŒšŒ™?ŒG›?ŒG?•›Œ?™?› G –?G z›–•ŒG {–?•SG ˆ““G Š–•š›™œŠ›?–•G ?–™’G ?•G z›–•ŒG {–?•G ??““G ?ˆ?ŒG ›–G ˆ‹?Œ™ŒG ›–G ?œ?‹Œ“?•ŒšG šŒ›G ‰ G ›?ŒG z{kjhG ??–G ??““G ˆ“š–G œ•‹Œ™›ˆ’ŒG ™–œ›?•ŒGšœ—Œ™??š?–•UG G yŒ˜œ?™Œ”Œ•›G?–™G”–•?›–™?•?G›–GŒ•šœ™ŒGšœš›ˆ?•ˆ‰?“?› G–?G›??šGŒš›ŒŒ”Œ‹G š–Š?ˆ“G ˆ•‹G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G —™–??“ŒG –?G ›?ŒG —™–‘ŒŠ›G ??““G ‰ŒG ‹Œ›ˆ?“Œ‹G Œ“šŒ??Œ™ŒG‰Œ“–?UG{?ŒGŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gš–Š?ˆ“GšŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G?–™”Gˆ•‹G Š?ŒŠ’“?š›G Š–•›ˆ?•Œ‹G ?•G h••ŒŸG YUWG ˆ•‹G h••ŒŸG ZUWG ˆ™ŒG š—ŒŠ???Šˆ““ G ‹Œš??•Œ‹G›–GŒ•šœ™ŒG›?ˆ›Gˆ‹?Œ™šŒGš–Š?ˆ“G?”—ˆŠ›šG?™–”G?zlwGˆŠ›???›?ŒšG ˆ™ŒG ?‹Œ•›???Œ‹G ˆ•‹G Šˆ—›œ™Œ‹G ?•G ›?ŒG —“ˆ••?•?G š›ˆ?ŒšG ˆ•‹G ›?Œ™ŒT?•G Œ??ŒŠ›??Œ“ G ”?›??ˆ›Œ‹UG i–›?G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ˆ•‹G š–Š?ˆ“G ”?›??ˆ›?–•G ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG?–œ“‹G‰ŒG?Œ™???ˆ‰“ŒG”–•?›–™Œ‹G‹œ™?•?G›?ŒG?ˆ™?–œšGš›ˆ?ŒšG–?G ›?ŒG—™–?™ˆ”GŠ Š“ŒUG G 5.4 P ROCEDURE FOR I MPACT A SSESSMENT UNDER ZSEP 5.4.1 Overview {?ŒGšŒŠ›?–•šG‰Œ“–?G??““G?““œš›™ˆ›ŒGš—ŒŠ???ŠGš›Œ—šGOzœ””ˆ™?¡Œ‹G?•Gm??UG \UXPG ?•?–“?Œ‹G ?•G ›?ŒG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ˆ•‹G š–Š?ˆ“G ˆššŒšš”Œ•›G —™–ŠŒššG “Œˆ‹?•?G›–?ˆ™‹šGŠ“Œˆ™ˆ•ŠŒGˆ•‹Gˆ——™–?ˆ“G–?GˆŠ›???›?ŒšGœ•‹Œ™G?zlwUG{?ŒG š›Œ—šG ?•Š–™—–™ˆ›ŒG ™Œ˜œ?™Œ”Œ•›šG š›?—œ“ˆ›Œ‹G ?•G ›?ŒG Ol•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G tˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G?–™Gzœš›ˆ?•ˆ‰“ŒGkŒ?Œ“–—”Œ•›PGhŠ›Gu–UGYG–?GX``]Gˆ•‹GˆšG ˆ”—“???Œ‹G‰ G›?ŒGkŒ—ˆ™›”Œ•›G–?Gl•??™–•”Œ•›UGG G G Page 54 55 5.4.2 Procedure for environmental screening of sub-projects under ZSEP {??šG šŒŠ›?–•G —™ŒšŠ™?‰ŒšG šˆ?Œ?œˆ™‹šG ›?ˆ›G Œ•šœ™ŒG ›?ˆ›G šœ‰G —™–‘ŒŠ›šG ??•ˆ•ŠŒ‹G œ•‹Œ™G ?zlwG ™Œ”ˆ?•G šŒ•š?›??ŒG ›–G ‰–›?G ~iG ˆ•‹G yn?G ™Œ˜œ?™Œ”Œ•›šG ?–™G ˆG šˆ?ŒG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›UG p›G ”œš›G ‰ŒG Œ”—?ˆš?¡Œ‹G ›?ˆ›G ???Œ•G›?ŒG–‰šŒ™?Œ‹GŠ–•Šœ™™Œ•ŠŒG‰Œ›?ŒŒ•G›?ŒGyn?Gˆ•‹G~iGšˆ?Œ?œˆ™‹šG –•GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›SG‰ G?zlwGŠ–”—“ ?•?G??›?GhŠ›Gu–UGYG–?G X``]SG ?›G ??““G š?”œ“›ˆ•Œ–œš“ G ?ˆ?ŒG ˆ‹‹™ŒššŒ‹G ›?ŒG ~–™“‹G iˆ•’G ™Œ˜œ?™Œ”Œ•›šUGo–?Œ?Œ™SG???Œ•G›?ŒG–‰šŒ™?Œ‹G›™???Œ™?•?G–?G–›?Œ™G~iG šˆ?Œ?œˆ™‹šSG ŠŒ™›ˆ?•G ?zlwG šœ‰Š–”—–•Œ•›šG ??““G ˆ“š–G ‰ŒG šœ‰‘ŒŠ›G ›–G šŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G œ•‹Œ™G –›?Œ™G “Œ??š“ˆ›?–•G •–›ˆ‰“ G ›?ŒG z›–•ŒG {–?•G j–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•Ghœ›?–™?› GhŠ›Gu–UGZG–?GX``[UGG G {?™ŒŒG šŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G —™–ŠŒ‹œ™ŒšG ˆ™ŒG ™ŒŠ–?•?¡Œ‹G ‰ˆšŒ‹G –•G ›?ŒG ›?™ŒŒG Šˆ›Œ?–™?ŒšG“?’Œ“ G›–G‰ŒG??•ˆ•ŠŒ‹Gœ•‹Œ™G?zlwGˆšG?–““–?šaTGG ƒ\03 yŒ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G–?GšŠ?––“šG–œ›š?‹ŒGz›–•ŒG{–?•G ƒ\03 yŒ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G–?GšŠ?––“šG??›??•Gz›–•ŒG{–?•G ƒ\03 kŒ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G–?G•Œ?G?•š›?›œ›?–•šGG G m??UG]UXG‰Œ“–?G?““œš›™ˆ›ŒšG“–??Šˆ“GšŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G—™–ŠŒššG?–™GŒˆŠ?GŠˆ›Œ?–™ G –?G —™–‘ŒŠ›šUG {?ŒG ???œ™ŒG ˆ“š–G ?•‹?Šˆ›ŒšG ›?ŒG š›ˆ?ŒG ˆ•‹G “Œ?Œ“G –?G ?•?–“?Œ”Œ•›G–?GŒˆŠ?G—“ˆ Œ™G›ˆ’?•?G—ˆ™›G?•G›?ŒGšŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G—™–ŠŒššUGG G zŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G?•G™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G–?GšŠ?––“šG–œ›š?‹ŒGz›–•ŒG{–?•aG zŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G ?–™G šœŠ?G šŠ?––“šG ??““G ‰ŒG ?ˆ?™“ G š›™ˆ???›G ?–™?ˆ™‹UG G {?ŒG t–l}{G ??““G —™Œ—ˆ™ŒG ˆ•‹G ˆ——™–?ŒG ˆ™Š??›ŒŠ›œ™ˆ“G —“ˆ•šG ?–™G ›?ŒG ™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G ›?Œ•Gˆ——–?•›GŠ–•›™ˆŠ›–™šGˆ•‹GˆGšœ—Œ™??š?–•G›Œˆ”UGkœ™?•?GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•SG t–l}{G??““G”–•?›–™G?”—ˆŠ›šGˆšG—Œ™G›ˆ‰“ŒG\UXG–?G›??šGlztmUGm–™G›??šG Šˆ›Œ?–™ G–?G—™–‘ŒŠ›šSG›?ŒGt–l}{G?šG›?ŒGš–“ŒGˆŠ›–™UGG G GzŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G ?•G ™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G –?G šŠ?––“šG ??›??•G z›–•ŒG {–?•aG {?ŒG —™–ŠŒ‹œ™ŒG?Œ™ŒG??““Gš›ˆ™›G??›?G›?ŒGt–l}{G—™Œ—ˆ™?•?Gˆ•‹Gˆ——™–??•?G ˆ™Š??›ŒŠ›œ™ˆ“G—“ˆ•šG?–™G›?ŒG—™–—–šŒ‹G‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›UG{?ŒG—“ˆ•šG??““G›?Œ•G ‰ŒG šœ‰”?››Œ‹G ›–G ›?ŒG z›–•ŒG {–?•G kŒ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G ˆ•‹G j–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•G hœ›?–™?› G??–G??““G›?Œ•GšŠ™œ›?•?¡ŒGˆ•‹Gˆ——™–?ŒV™Œ‘ŒŠ›G›?ŒGšˆ”ŒGˆšG—Œ™G ›?Œ?™G Œš›ˆ‰“?š?Œ‹G —™–ŠŒ‹œ™ŒG OzŒŒG h••ŒŸG [PUG v•ŠŒG ›?ŒG z{kjhG ˆ——™–?ŒšG ›?ŒG —“ˆ•šSG ›?ŒG t–l}{G ??““G ˆ——–?•›G j–•›™ˆŠ›–™šG ˆ•‹G zœ—Œ™??š–™ G{Œˆ”UGj–•š›™œŠ›?–•G??““G‰ŒGšœ—Œ™??šŒ‹G‘–?•›“ G‰ G‰–›?G›?ŒG t–l}{Gˆ•‹Gz{kjhUG G Page 55 5 6 m ? ? G \ U X a G z Š ? Œ ” ˆ › ? Š G — ™ Œ š Œ • › ˆ › ? – • G – ? G š Š ™ Œ Œ • ? • ? G — ™ – Š Œ ‹ œ ™ Œ š G h Š › ? – • G s Œ ? Œ “ G ˆ • ‹ G G s – ? ? Š ˆ “ G š Œ ˜ œ Œ • Š Œ G – ? G Œ ? Œ • › š G j ˆ › Œ ? – ™   G – ? G š œ ‰ T — ™ – ‘ Œ Š › G G t – l } { G k Œ — › G – ? G s ˆ • ‹ š G G z { j k h G k Œ — › G – ? G l • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › G O ? P G w ™ Œ — ˆ ™ ˆ › ? – • G ˆ • ‹ G ˆ — — ™ – ? ˆ “ G – ? G ˆ ™ Š ? ? › Œ Š › œ ™ ˆ “ G — “ ˆ • š G G G G G O ? ? P G t ? • ? š › ™   G ™ Œ Š ™ œ ? › š G Š – • › ™ ˆ Š › – ™ G ˆ • ‹ G ˆ — — – ? • › š G š œ — Œ ™ ? ? š – ™   G › Œ ˆ ” G G G G y Œ ? ˆ ‰ ? “ ? › ˆ › ? – • G ? – ™ ’ š a G O ˆ P G z Š ? – – “ š G š ? › œ ˆ › Œ ‹ G – œ › š ? ‹ Œ G z › – • Œ G { – ? • G O ? ? ? P G t ? • ? š › ™   G ” – • ? › – ™ š G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G ? ” — ˆ Š › š G ˆ š G — Œ ™ G › ? ? š G l z t m G G G G O ? P G w ™ Œ — ˆ ™ ˆ › ? – • G ˆ • ‹ G ˆ — — ™ – ? ˆ “ G – ? G ˆ ™ Š ? ? › Œ Š › œ ™ ˆ “ G — “ ˆ • š G G G O ? ? P G w “ ˆ • š G ˆ ™ Œ G š Š ™ œ › ? • ? ¡ Œ ‹ G ˆ • ‹ G ˆ — — ™ – ? Œ ‹ G ‰   G z { j k h G G O ? ? ? P G t ? • ? š › ™   G ™ Œ Š ™ œ ? › š G Š – • › ™ ˆ Š › – ™ G ˆ • ‹ G ˆ — — – ? • › š G š œ — Œ ™ ? ? š – ™   G › Œ ˆ ” G G O ? ? P G q – ? • › G š œ — Œ ™ ? ? š ? – • G ? ? › ? G z { k j h G G O ‰ P G z Š ? – – “ š G ? ? › ? ? • G z › – • Œ G { – ? • G O ? P G t ? • ? š › ™   G ” – • ? › – ™ š G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G ? ” — ˆ Š › š G ˆ š G — Œ ™ G › ? ? š G l z t m G G G G O ? P G t – l } { G ? ‹ Œ • › ? ? ? Œ š G ˆ • ‹ G œ • ‹ Œ ™ › ˆ ’ Œ š G — ™ Œ “ ? ” ? • ˆ ™   G ? ” — ˆ Š › G ˆ š š Œ š š ” Œ • › G O l z t m P G G G G k Œ ? Œ “ – — ” Œ • › G – ? G • Œ ? G p • š › ? › œ › ? – • š G G O ? ? P G t ? • ? š › ™   G ˆ — — ™ – ˆ Š ? Œ š G k Œ — › G – ? G “ ˆ • ‹ š G › – G – ‰ › ˆ ? • G ˆ œ › ? – ™ ? ¡ ˆ › ? – • G – • G › ? Œ G › ˆ ™ ? Œ › G “ ˆ • ‹ G O ? ? ? P G k Œ — › G – ? G s ˆ • ‹ š G š Š ™ œ › ? • ? ¡ Œ š G ™ Œ ˜ œ Œ š › G ? ™ – ” G t – l } { G ˆ š G — Œ ™ G s ˆ • ‹ T | š Œ G w “ ˆ • š G ˆ • ‹ G ” ˆ ’ Œ š G ™ Œ Š – ” ” Œ • ‹ ˆ › ? – • š G ? – ™ G – ™ G ˆ ? ˆ ? • š › G G G Page 56 5 7 O ? ? P G t ? • ? š › ™   G — ™ Œ — ˆ ™ Œ š G ˆ • ‹ G ˆ — — ™ – ? Œ š G G ˆ ™ Š ? ? › Œ Š › œ ™ ˆ “ G — “ ˆ • š G G G G G G G O ? ? P G k v l G š Š ™ Œ Œ • š G š œ ‰ T w ™ – ‘ Œ Š › G ‰ ˆ š Œ ‹ G – • G — ™ – ‘ Œ Š › G ™ Œ — – ™ › G ˆ • ‹ G ˆ — — ™ – ? Œ š G – ™ G ™ Œ ‘ Œ Š › š U G O ? P G t ? • ? š › ™   G — ™ Œ — ˆ ™ Œ š G ˆ • ‹ G š œ ‰ ” ? › š G w ™ – ‘ Œ Š › G y Œ — – ™ › G › – G k v l G G G G G O ? ? ? P G G ~ ? Œ ™ Œ G ˆ — — ™ – ? Œ ‹ S G k v l G ? š š œ Œ š G l p h G Š Œ ™ › ? ? ? Š ˆ › Œ G ? – ™ G š — Œ Š ? ? ? Š G š œ ‰ T — ™ – ‘ Œ Š › U G ? ? ? ? P G t ? • ? š › ™   G ™ Œ Š ™ œ ? › š G Š – • › ™ ˆ Š › – ™ G ˆ • ‹ G ˆ — — – ? • › š G š œ — Œ ™ ? ? š – ™   G › Œ ˆ ” G G G G O ? Ÿ P G t ? • ? š › ™   G ” – • ? › – ™ š G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G ? ” — ˆ Š › š G ˆ š G — Œ ™ G › ? ? š G l z t m G G G G G O Ÿ P G t ? • ? š › ™   G ” – • ? › – ™ š G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G ? ” — ˆ Š › š G ˆ š G — Œ ™ G › ? ? š G l z t m G G G O Ÿ ? P G k v l G t – • ? › – ™ š G ? ” — ˆ Š › š G ˆ š G — Œ ™ G h Š › G u – U G Y G – ? G X ` ` ] G G Page 57 ~?–Gˆ™ŒG›?ŒG’Œ GˆŠ›–™šG?•G›??šG—™–ŠŒššUGGkœ™?•?GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•Gt–l}{G??““G ”–•?›–™G?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G–?G?”—ˆŠ›G”?›??ˆ›?–•GˆšG—Œ™G›??šGlztmUGG G G zŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G ?•G ›?ŒG Š–•š›™œŠ›?–•G –?G •Œ?G ?•š›?›œ›?–•ša G {?ŒG —™–ŠŒ‹œ™ŒG —™ŒšŠ™?‰Œ‹G?–™G›??šGŠˆ›Œ?–™ G?šG“Œ•?›? Gˆ•‹G??““G?•?–“?ŒG‹??Œ™šŒGˆŠ›–™šGˆšG ?–““–?šaTG G m?™š›“ SG ˆ•‹G ?–™G ŒˆŠ?G š?›ŒSG ›?ŒG t–l}{G ??““G ?‹Œ•›?? G ›?ŒG “ˆ•‹G ›ˆ™?Œ›Œ‹G ?–™G ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G–?G?•š›?›œ›?–•šGˆ•‹Gšˆ›?š? G›?ˆ›G›?ŒG“ˆ•‹Gšˆ›?š??ŒšG›?ŒGŠ™?›Œ™?ˆG šŒ›G‰ G›??šGlztmGOh••ŒŸGYPUGt–l}{G??““G›?Œ•Gˆ——™–ˆŠ?G›?ŒGkŒ—›G–?G“ˆ•‹šGˆ›G ™Œš—ŒŠ›??ŒG‹?š›™?Š›G“Œ?Œ“G??–G??““G›?Œ•GšŠ™œ›?•?¡ŒG›?ŒG—™–—–šˆ“G›–GŒ•šœ™ŒG›?ˆ›G ?›G?šG?•G“?•ŒG??›?G›?ŒG“–Šˆ“Gsˆ•‹TœšŒGkŒ?Œ“–—”Œ•›Gw“ˆ•UGG G v•ŠŒG Š–•Šœ™™Œ•ŠŒG –?G ›?ŒG kŒ—›G –?G sˆ•‹šG ?šG –‰›ˆ?•Œ‹SG t–l}{G ??““G ›?Œ•G —™Œ—ˆ™ŒGˆ™Š??›ŒŠ›œ™ˆ“G—“ˆ•šGˆ•‹Gšœ‰”?›G›?ŒGšˆ”ŒG›–G›?ŒGkŒ—›G–?Gl•??™–•”Œ•›G ?•G?–™G–?GˆGš›ˆ•‹Gˆ“–•ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›G™Œ—–™›G?•G“?•ŒG??›?Gwˆ™›G}G–?GhŠ›Gu–UGYG–?G X``]UGkvlG??““G?–““–?G?›šG—™–ŠŒ‹œ™ŒG?–™G—™–‘ŒŠ›GšŠ™ŒŒ•?•?GˆšGš—ŒŠ???Œ‹G?•G šŒŠ›?–•šGZ_SG›–G[WG–?GhŠ›Gu–UGYG–?GX``]G?–““–??•?G???Š?Gˆ•GlphGjŒ™›???Šˆ›ŒG ??““G‰ŒG?ššœŒ‹G›–Gt–l}{UG G |—–•G?™ˆ•›G–?G›?ŒGlphGjŒ™›???Šˆ›ŒSG›?ŒGt–l}{G??““Gˆ——–?•›GˆGŠ–•›™ˆŠ›–™G??–G ??““G š?”œ“›ˆ•Œ–œš“ G ?”—“Œ”Œ•›G ›?ŒG —“ˆ•G ˆ•‹G ŒŸŒŠœ›ŒG ?”—ˆŠ›G ”?›??ˆ›?–•G ”Œˆšœ™ŒšGˆšG?‹Œ•›???Œ‹G?•G›??šGlztmGˆ•‹GˆšG??““G‰ŒG™ŒŠ–””Œ•‹Œ‹G‰ G›?ŒG kvlUG G {?ŒG t–l}{G ??““G ”–•?›–™G ?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G –?G ›?ŒG p”—ˆŠ›G t?›??ˆ›?–•G w“ˆ•Gˆ•‹G??“ŒG™Œ—–™›šG›–GkvlG??–G??““Gˆ“š–Gœ•‹Œ™G›ˆ’ŒG”–•?›–™?•?GˆšG—Œ™GhŠ›G u–UGYG–?GX``]UG G {??šG lztmG?ˆšGšŠ™œ›?•?¡Œ‹G šœ‰—™–‘ŒŠ›šG —™–—–šŒ‹G?–™G??•ˆ•Š?•?G œ•‹Œ™G ›?ŒG ?zlwGˆ•‹GŠ–•Š“œ‹Œ‹G›?ˆ›G•–•ŒG–?G›?Œ”Gš›™?Š›“ G—Œˆ’?•?G›™???Œ™šGzŠ?Œ‹œ“ŒG {?™ŒŒG–?GhŠ›Gu–UGYG–?GX``]UGhšGšœŠ?GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“GˆššŒšš”Œ•›G–?G›?ŒGšœ‰T —™–‘ŒŠ›šG œ•‹Œ™G ?zlwG ?šG ˆ•›?Š?—ˆ›Œ‹G ›–G Œ•‹G ˆ›G ›?ŒG “Œ?Œ“šG ?•‹?Šˆ›Œ‹G ˆ‰–?ŒUG o–?Œ?Œ™SG š?–œ“‹G ›?ŒG kvlG ‹ŒŒ”G ?›G •ŒŠŒššˆ™ G ?–™G ˆG ?œ““G Š Š“ŒG lphG ›–G ‰ŒG œ•‹Œ™›ˆ’Œ•SG›?Œ•SGhŠ›Gu–UGYG–?GX``]G??““G›ˆ’ŒG—™ŒŠŒ‹Œ•ŠŒUG G z›™Œˆ”“?•?•?G–?Gš›ˆ’Œ?–“‹Œ™G™–“ŒšG?•G›?ŒGšŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G–?Gšœ‰T—™–‘ŒŠ›šaGG m™–”G m??G \UXG ˆ‰–?ŒSG ”–™ŒG ?Œˆ›œ™ŒšG –?G ›?ŒG ?zlwG šŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G —™–ŠŒššG š›ˆ™›G ›–G Œ”Œ™?ŒGˆšG?–““–?šaTG G O?PG {?ŒGkŒ—ˆ™›”Œ•›G–?Gl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gh??ˆ?™šG??““G–•“ G‰ŒG?•?–“?Œ‹G?•G ›?ŒGšŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G–?G•Œ?Gš?›ŒšUG{??šG?šG‰ŒŠˆœšŒGš?›ŒšG?–™G™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G ?–™’šG ?ˆ?ŒG ˆ“™Œˆ‹ G ‰ŒŒ•G ?‹Œ•›???Œ‹G ˆ•‹G •–•ŒG –?G ›?ŒG —™–—–šŒ‹G ?–™’šG›™???Œ™šG›?ŒG{??™‹GzŠ?Œ‹œ“ŒG–?GhŠ›Gu–UGYG–?GX``]UGzŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G ?–™G ™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G ?–™’šG ??““G ‰ŒG –•G ›?ŒG ‰ˆš?šG ›?ŒG j–•›™ˆŠ›G ?–™G j–•š›™œŠ›?–•G ›–G ‰ŒG ˆ‹”?•?š›Œ™Œ‹G ‰ G t–l}{G ‹œ™?•?G Š–•š›™œŠ›?–•G Page 58 ?–™’UGG O??PG GG{?ŒG z›–•ŒG {–?•G kŒ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G ˆ•‹G j–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•G hœ›?–™?› G ??““G –•“ G‰ŒG?•?–“?Œ‹G?•G›?ŒGšŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G›ˆ™?Œ›?•?GšŠ?––“šG œ•‹Œ™G›?ŒGhœ›?–™?› UG{?Œ?™GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“GšŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G??““G‰ŒGš?”?“ˆ™G ›–G›?–šŒG–?GšŠ?––“šG–œ›š?‹ŒGz›–•ŒG{–?•UGG G O??PG G{?ŒG kŒ—ˆ™›”Œ•›G –?G sˆ•‹šG ??““G –•“ G ‰ŒG ?•?–“?Œ‹G ?•G šŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G –?G š?›ŒšG ›ˆ™?Œ›Œ‹G ?–™G •Œ?G Š–•š›™œŠ›?–•UG G hG Š?ŒŠ’“?š›G ?–™G ›?Œ?™G œšŒG Oh••ŒŸG{?™ŒŒPG?šGˆ“š–G—™–??‹Œ‹UGG G zœŠ?Gš›™Œˆ”“?•?•?Gˆ•‹GŠ“ˆ™???Šˆ›?–•G–?G™–“ŒšG??““GŒ“?”?•ˆ›ŒG‹Œ“ˆ šG?•G—™–‘ŒŠ›G ?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•UG p›G ˆ“š–G ?““œš›™ˆ›ŒšG ›?ŒG –?Œ™??Œ“”?•?G ™Œš—–•š?‰?“?› G ?–™G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G —“ˆŠŒ‹G –•G ›?ŒG š?–œ“‹Œ™šG –?G ›?ŒG t–l}{UGG yŒ˜œ?š?›ŒGŠˆ—ˆŠ?› G‰œ?“‹?•?G?–™G›?ŒGt–l}{G?ˆšG‰ŒŒ•Gˆ”—“???Œ‹G?•GšŒŠ›?–•šG ‰Œ“–?UGG G t–‹ˆ“?›?ŒšG?–™Gz›ˆ’Œ?–“‹Œ™Gj–•šœ“›ˆ›?–•aG j–•šœ“›ˆ›?–•šGœ•‹Œ™›ˆ’Œ•G?–™G›??šG lztmG Oh••ŒŸG z?ŸPG ™Œ?Œˆ“G ›?ˆ›G ›?ŒG ?zlwG Œ•‘– šG –?Œ™??Œ“”?•?G šœ——–™›G ˆ”–•?G‹??Œ™šŒGŠˆ›Œ?–™?ŒšG–?Gš›ˆ’Œ?–“‹Œ™šUGo–?Œ?Œ™SG›–Gˆ•Š?–™G›?ŒG?zlwG ‹ŒŒ—Œ™G ??›?G š›ˆ’Œ?–“‹Œ™šSG ›??šG lztmG ?‹Œ•›???ŒšG ?œ™›?Œ™G Š–œ™šŒG –?G š›ˆ’Œ?–“‹Œ™GŠ–•šœ“›ˆ›?–•šUG G h›GšŒ“ŒŠ›?–•G–?G•Œ?Gš?›Œša GkŒŠ?š?–•G–•G•Œ?Gš?›ŒšGš?–œ“‹G‰ŒG—™ŒŠŒ‹Œ‹G‰ G ??‹ŒGŠ–•šœ“›ˆ›?–•šG‰™?•??•?G?•G›?ŒG™Œ“Œ?ˆ•›Gyn?G‹Œ—ˆ™›”Œ•›šGˆ›G‹?š›™?Š›G sŒ?Œ“SG ›?ŒG z?Œ?ˆG j–œ•Š?“šSG “–Šˆ“G Š?›?¡Œ•™ G ˆ•‹G ˆ‹?–ŠˆŠ G ?™–œ—šG ?•G ›?ŒG ˆ™ŒˆUGG ƒ\03 j–•›ˆŠ›šG??›?Gz{kjh G‹œ™?•?G™Œ??Œ?G–?G—™–—–šˆ“šG?–™G™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G–?G z›–•ŒG{–?•GzŠ?––“šSG ƒ\03 tˆ•‹ˆ›–™ GŠ–•šœ“›ˆ›?–•š G‹œ™?•?G—™Œ—ˆ™ˆ›?–•G–?Gw™–‘ŒŠ›GyŒ—–™›šG ƒ\03 tˆ•‹ˆ›–™ G—œ‰“?ŠG™Œ??Œ? G–?Gw™–‘ŒŠ›GyŒ—–™›šGˆšG™Œ˜œ?™Œ‹G–?G›?ŒGkvlG‰ G šŒŠ›?–•G[[G–?GhŠ›Gu–UGYG–?GX``]UGG ƒ\03 j–•šœ“›ˆ›?–•šG‹œ™?•?G—™Œ—ˆ™ˆ›?–•G–?G›?ŒGyhwSGG ƒ\03 j–•šœ“›ˆ›?–•šG ??›?G zŠ?––“G i–ˆ™‹š G ‹œ™?•?G šŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G –?G ˆ““G šŠ?––“šG ›ˆ™?Œ›Œ‹G?–™G™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•UGG ƒ\03 wœ‰“?ŠG ™Œ??Œ?G –?G ›?ŒG lztma G p•G “?•ŒG ??›?G viG [UWXSG ›??šG lztmG ??““G ‰ŒG ˆ?ˆ?“Œ‹G?–™G—œ‰“?ŠG™Œ??Œ?G?•G‹Œš??•ˆ›Œ‹G—“ˆŠŒšG?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™Gˆ•‹G??““Gˆ“š–G ‰ŒG—–š›Œ‹G–•G›?ŒG~–™“‹Giˆ•’ šGp•?–š?–—UG{?ŒGlztmG??““Gˆ“š–G‰ŒG—–š›Œ‹G –•G›?ŒG–???Š?ˆ“G?Œ‰š?›ŒG–?G›?ŒGyn?UGG G 5.5 P ROCEDURE FOR I MPACT M ITIGATION UNDER ZSEP G h•Gl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gtˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›Gw“ˆ•G?–™G›?ŒG?zlwG?šG—™ŒšŒ•›Œ‹G?•Gˆ——Œ•‹?ŸG ŸŸUGp”—ˆŠ›G”?›??ˆ›?–•G?–™G›?ŒG?zlwGšœ‰T—™–‘ŒŠ›šG??““G‰ŒG”ˆ?•š›™Œˆ”Œ‹G?•›–G Page 59 ›?ŒGw™–‘ŒŠ›GkŒ?Œ“–—”Œ•›Gj Š“ŒUGn??Œ•G›?ˆ›G”–š›GŠ™?›?Šˆ“Gš?–™›T›Œ™”G?”—ˆŠ›šG ˆ•‹G ›?ŒG ‰œ“’G –?G “–•?T›Œ™”G ?”—ˆŠ›šG ”ˆ•??Œš›G ˆ›G ›?ŒG Š–•š›™œŠ›?–•G ˆ•‹G –—Œ™ˆ›?–•G š›ˆ?ŒšG ™Œš—ŒŠ›??Œ“ SG ›??šG lztmG ?ˆšG ?‹Œ•›???Œ‹G ˆ——™–—™?ˆ›ŒG ”–•?›–™?•?G—™–ŠŒ‹œ™ŒšG‰ŒG—œ›G?•G—“ˆŠŒG›–G?ˆŠ?“?›ˆ›ŒG?”—ˆŠ›G›™ˆŠ’?•?Gˆ›G‰–›?G š›ˆ?ŒšUG G hšG —Œ™G ›??šG lztmSG ›?ŒG ‰œ“’G –?G ”?›??ˆ›?–•G ??““G ›ˆ’ŒG —“ˆŠŒG ˆ›G ›?ŒG kŒš??•Gz›ˆ?ŒG??Œ•G”?›??ˆ›?–•G”Œˆšœ™ŒšG??““G‰ŒG?‹Œ•›???Œ‹Gˆ•‹G”ˆ?•š›™Œˆ”Œ‹G ?•›–G›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›G‹Œš??•UGG{?œšG›??šGlztmG™ŒŠ–””Œ•‹šG’Œ G”?›??ˆ›?–•G›––“šG ?–™G›?ŒG?zlwGˆšG?–““–?šaTG G h——™–?Œ‹Gˆ™Š??›ŒŠ›œ™ˆ“G—“ˆ•šVG‹Œš??•G™Œ—–™›a G›??šG™Œ—–™›G›–G‰ŒG—™Œ—ˆ™Œ‹Gˆ•‹G ˆ——™–?Œ‹G‰ Gt–l}{G?–™Gˆ““G—™–‘ŒŠ›šG??““GšŒŒ’G›–GŒ•šœ™ŒG›?ˆ›G›?ŒG—™–—–šŒ‹G šœ‰T—™–‘ŒŠ›šG ˆ™ŒG šŒ•š?›??ŒG ›–G š–Š?ˆ“G ˆ•‹G Š–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•G ™Œ˜œ?™Œ”Œ•›šUG m–™G šŠ?––“šG›–G‰ŒG™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›Œ‹G–œ›š?‹ŒGz›–•ŒG{–?•SG›?ŒGkŒš??•GyŒ—–™›G??““G‰ŒG ›?ŒG–•“ G›––“G?–™G?”—ˆŠ›G”?›??ˆ›?–•Gˆ•‹G”–•?›–™?•?G?–™G???Š?G™Œˆš–•SG?›G??““G ‰ŒG—™ŒŠŒ‹Œ‹G‰ GˆGš?›ŒGšŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G›–G‰ŒGœ•‹Œ™›ˆ’Œ•G‰ Gt–l}{G–•G›?ŒG‰ˆš?šG –?Gh••ŒŸGYUG GG m–™GšŠ?––“šG??›??•Gz›–•ŒG{–?• SG ›?ŒG kŒš??•G yŒ—–™›G ˆ•‹G ?›šG ˆ››ˆŠ?Œ‹G š?›ŒG šŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G ™Œ—–™›G ??““G ?œ™›?Œ™G ‰ŒG ˆ——™–?Œ‹G ‰ G ›?ŒG z{jkhG œš?•?G ?›šG –?•G Œš›ˆ‰“?š?Œ‹G—™–ŠŒ‹œ™ŒšUGG G {?ŒGw™–‘ŒŠ›GyŒ—–™›a GhGw™–‘ŒŠ›GyŒ—–™›G??““G‰ŒG—™Œ—ˆ™Œ‹G‰ Gt–l}{G?–™Gˆ““G •Œ?GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•G—œ™šœˆ•›G›–GzŒŠ›?–•šGZ_Gˆ•‹GZ`G–?GhŠ›UGu–GYG–?GX``]UG{?ŒG ’Œ G?Œˆ›œ™ŒG–?G›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›GyŒ—–™›G??““G‰ŒGˆ•GltwGš—ŒŠ?? ?•?G?–?Gˆ•›?Š?—ˆ›Œ‹G ?”—ˆŠ›šG –?G ›?ŒG šœ‰T—™–‘ŒŠ›G ??““G ‰ŒG ”?›??ˆ›Œ‹UG {?ŒG —™–‘ŒŠ›G ™Œ—–™›G ??““G ‰ŒG ™Œ??Œ?Œ‹G‰ GkvlG?–““–??•?G—™–ŠŒ‹œ™ŒšGˆšG–œ›“?•Œ‹G?•GzŒŠ›?–•GZ`GOYPG–?GhŠ›G u–UGYG–?GX``]Gˆ•‹Gœ—–•Gˆ——™–?ˆ“SGˆ•GlphGjŒ™›???Šˆ›ŒG??““G‰ŒG?ššœŒ‹G?–™G›?ŒG ™Œš—ŒŠ›??ŒGšœ‰T—™–‘ŒŠ›UG{?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›G™Œ—–™›šG??““G‰ŒG—™Œ—ˆ™Œ‹G‰ Gt–l}{G–™G ›?Œ?™Gˆ——–?•›Œ‹GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ‹??š–™šUGG G {?ŒG yŒšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›G hŠ›?–•G w“ˆ•a G p•G –™‹Œ™G ›–G ?œ““ G ˆ‹‹™ŒššG ˆ““G ?”—ˆŠ›šG ›™???Œ™Œ‹G ‰ G ˆ•›?Š?—ˆ›Œ‹G ‹?š—“ˆŠŒ”Œ•›G –?G šŠ?––“šG ›–G —ˆ?ŒG ?ˆ G ?–™G ™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G ?–™’šSG ˆ•G yhwG ??““G ‰ŒG —™Œ—ˆ™Œ‹G ‰ G t–l}{G ˆ•‹G ‹?šŠœššŒ‹G ??›?Gˆ““Gš›ˆ’Œ?–“‹Œ™šG‰Œ?–™ŒGŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•G?–™’GŠˆ•G‰Œ??•UGGGz?”?“ˆ™“ SGyhwšG ??““G ‰ŒG —™Œ—ˆ™Œ‹G ?–™G ˆ““G •Œ?G š?›ŒšG ??Œ™ŒG ›?ŒG w™–‘ŒŠ›G yŒ—–™›šG ?‹Œ•›?? G ‹?š—“ˆŠŒ”Œ•›G–?G—Œ–—“ŒGˆšGˆG—–›Œ•›?ˆ“G?”—ˆŠ›UG G {?ŒGyhwG??““G‰ŒG—™Œ—ˆ™Œ‹G‰ G›?ŒGtvl}{G–™G›?Œ?™Gˆ——–?•›Œ‹GyŒšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›G h‹??š–™UGG G j–•›™ˆŠ›G ?–™G j–•š›™œŠ›?–•a G j“ˆœšŒšG ‰?•‹?•?G —™–‘ŒŠ›G Š–•›™ˆŠ›–™šG ›–G ?”—“Œ”Œ•›G?”—ˆŠ›G”?›??ˆ›?–•GˆšG—ˆ™›G–?GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•G??““G‰ŒG?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G?•G›–G Š–•›ˆŠ›šG?–™GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•UG{?ŒGt–l}{G??““GˆšŠŒ™›ˆ?•G›?ˆ›Gˆ““GŠ–•›™ˆŠ›šG‰Œˆ™G ™Œš—ŒŠ›??ŒGŠ“ˆœšŒšG?–™GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gš–Š?ˆ“G”?›??ˆ›?–•UG Page 60 G G 5.6: P ROCEDURE FOR M ONITORING OF THE ESMF G t–•?›–™?•?G ?–™G ›?ŒG ?zlwG ??““G ›ˆ’ŒG —“ˆŠŒG ˆ›G ‹??Œ™šŒG “Œ?Œ“šUG t–•?›–™?•?G –?G —™–?™ŒššSG–œ›—œ›šGˆ•‹GŒ??ŒŠ›šG–?G?”—“Œ”Œ•›?•?G›?ŒG?zlwG??““G‰ŒG‹Œ›ˆ?“Œ‹G?•G ›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›Gp”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G”ˆ•œˆ“G›–G‰ŒG—™Œ—ˆ™Œ‹G‰ Gt–l}{UGGt–•?›–™?•?G –?GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gš–Š?ˆ“G?”—ˆŠ›GkŒš??•G™Œ—–™›šGˆ•‹G??““G‰ŒGŠˆ—›œ™Œ‹G?•G ›?ŒGw™–‘ŒŠ›G™Œ—–™›šGšœ‰”?››Œ‹G›–GkvlUGp•G›??šGšŒŠ›?–•SGŒ”—?ˆš?šG?šG“ˆ?‹G–•G —™–ŠŒ‹œ™ŒšG ?–™G ”–•?›–™?•?G ?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G –?G ›?ŒG p”—ˆŠ›G t?›??ˆ›?–•G w“ˆ•G —™ŒšŠ™?‰Œ‹G?•G›??šGlztmSG?•G???Š?GŠˆšŒSG›?Œ™Œ?–™ŒSG?–ŠœšG?šG–•GŠ–”—“?ˆ•ŠŒG ”–•?›–™?•?UG{?ŒG›––“G?–™GœšŒG?•GŠ–”—“?ˆ•ŠŒG”–•?›–™?•?G?šG›?ŒGltwG—™–??‹Œ‹G ?•Gh••ŒŸGm??ŒUGrŒ G?Œˆ›œ™ŒšG–?G›?ŒG”–•?›–™?•?G—™–?™ˆ””ŒGˆ™ŒGˆšG?–““–?šbTGG G 5.6.1 Monitoring Criteria: j–™ŒGŠ™?›Œ™?ˆG?–™G”–•?›–™?•?G›??šGlztmGˆ™ŒGˆšG?–““–?šbTG G h——™–?Œ‹Gh™Š??›ŒŠ›œ™ˆ“Gw“ˆ•šVGkŒš??•GyŒ—–™› aG {??šG ?šG ›?ŒG ‹–Šœ”Œ•›G ›?ˆ›G ??““G‰ŒGšŠ™ŒŒ•Œ‹G›–G‹Œ›Œ™”?•ŒG?–?G—–›Œ•›?ˆ“G?”—ˆŠ›šG–?Gšœ‰T—™–‘ŒŠ›šG??““G‰ŒG ˆ‹‹™ŒššŒ‹G?•G›?ŒG™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G?–™’šUGGG G {?ŒGw™–‘ŒŠ›GyŒ—–™›a G iˆšŒ‹G –•G ›?ŒG w™–‘ŒŠ›G yŒ—–™›šSG ›?ŒG kvlG ??““G šŠ™ŒŒ•G —–›Œ•›?ˆ“G?”—ˆŠ›šG–?Gšœ‰T—™–‘ŒŠ›šGˆ•‹Gˆ‹??ŠŒG–•G›?ŒGˆ‹Œ˜œˆŠ G–™G–›?Œ™??šŒG –?G ›?ŒG p”—ˆŠ›G t?›??ˆ›?–•G w“ˆ•G —™–—–šŒ‹G ?–™G ŒˆŠ?G šœ‰TŠ–”—–•Œ•›UG |—–•G ‰Œ?•?Gšˆ›?š??Œ‹G–?G›?ŒGˆ‹Œ˜œˆŠ G–?G›?ŒGw™–‘ŒŠ›GyŒ—–™›SG›?ŒGkvlG??““G?ššœŒGˆ•G lphGjŒ™›???Šˆ›ŒG›–Gš??•?? G›?ˆ›GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•G–?G™Œš—ŒŠ›??ŒGŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•Gšœ‰G —™–‘ŒŠ›G Šˆ•G š›ˆ™›UG {?ŒG lphG jŒ™›???Šˆ›ŒG ??““G ˆ“š–G š—ŒŠ?? G Š–•‹?›?–•šG ›?ˆ›G t–l}{G ??““G –‰šŒ™?ŒG ‹œ™?•?G Š–•š›™œŠ›?–•G ˆ•‹G –—Œ™ˆ›?–•G –?G •Œ?G šœ‰T —™–‘ŒŠ›šSG?•Š“œ‹?•?G›?ŒG•ŒŒ‹G›–G??“ŒGˆ••œˆ“Gˆœ‹?›G™Œ—–™›šG›–G›?ŒGkvlGˆšG—Œ™G hŠ›Gu–UGYG–?GX``]UGG G {?ŒGj–•›™ˆŠ›G?–™Gj–•š›™œŠ›?–•a GiˆšŒ‹G–•G›?ŒGŠ–•›™ˆŠ›G?–™GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•SG›?ŒG t–l{G??““Gšœ—Œ™??šŒGˆŠ›???›?ŒšG–?GŠ–•›™ˆŠ›–™šG›–GŒ•šœ™ŒG”?›??ˆ›?–•G”Œˆšœ™ŒšG —™ŒšŠ™?‰Œ‹G?–™G?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G‹œ™?•?GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•G?ˆ?ŒG‰ŒŒ•G?”—“Œ”Œ•›Œ‹UGG G {?ŒGyŒšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›GhŠ›?–•Gw“ˆ•a G{?ŒGt–l}{Gˆ•‹G–›?Œ™Gš›ˆ›ŒGˆ?Œ•Š?ŒšG??““G šŠ™œ›?•?¡ŒG›?ŒGyhwG›–GŒ•šœ™ŒG›?ˆ›G?›šG™ŒŠ–””Œ•‹ˆ›?–•šG–•G™Œš›?›œ›?–•G–?Gˆ• G ‹?š›œ™‰ˆ•ŠŒVG ‹?š—“ˆŠŒ”Œ•›G ›™???Œ™Œ‹G ‰ G ›?ŒG ?zlwG ?ˆ?ŒG ‰ŒŒ•G ?œ““ G ŒŸ—Œ‹?›Œ‹UGG G {?ŒGmˆŠ?“?›?ŒšGtˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›Gw“ˆ•a G{??šG‹–Šœ”Œ•›G??““G‰ŒG—™Œ—ˆ™Œ‹G‰ GzŠ?––“G i–ˆ™‹šGˆšG—ˆ™›G–?G›?Œ?™GŠ–•›™?‰œ›?–•G›–G›?ŒG?zlwUGGv•ŠŒG??“Œ‹Gˆ•‹Gˆ——™–?Œ‹G Page 61 ‰ G ›?ŒG ?zlwSG ?›G ?šG ›?ŒG ‹–Šœ”Œ•›G ›?ˆ›G t–l}{G p•š—ŒŠ›–™ˆ›ŒG ??““G œšŒG ›–G ”–•?›–™G —™–?™ŒššG ?•G ?”—“Œ”Œ•›?•?G p”—ˆŠ›G t?›??ˆ›?–•G ‹œ™?•?G –—Œ™ˆ›?–•G –?G Š–”—“Œ›Œ‹Gšœ‰T—™–‘ŒŠ›šUG 5.6.2 Roles in Monitoring of the ESMF GyŒš—ŒŠ›??ŒG ”–•?›–™?•?G ™Œš—–•š?‰?“?›?ŒšG ˆ™ŒG ?‹Œ•›???Œ‹G ?•G ›ˆ‰“ŒG \UYG ‰Œ“–?UGG {?ŒG’Œ G—“ˆ Œ™šG?•G”–•?›–™?•?G?”—ˆŠ›G”?›??ˆ›?–•Gˆ™ŒG›?ŒGt–l}{SG???“ŒG›?ŒG kŒ—›G –?G “ˆ•‹šSG z{jkhG ˆ•‹G kvlG ˆ“š–G —“ˆ ?•?G ™–“ŒšG ?•G š—ŒŠ???Œ‹G ŠˆšŒšUG v?Œ™ˆ““Gt–l}{G?ˆšGˆ•G–?Œ™??Œ“”?•?G™–“ŒG?•GŒ??ŒŠ›?•?G”–•?›–™?•?UGG G {ˆ‰“ŒG\UGYaGy–“ŒšG?•G”–•?›–™?•?G–?G›?ŒGlztmG t–•?›–™?•?GhŠ›?–•G t–•?›–™?•?Gj™?›Œ™?ˆG t–•?›–™?•?G yŒš—–•š?‰?“?› G t–•?›–™?•?Gw?ˆšŒGG zŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G –?G ™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G šœ‰G —™–‘ŒŠ›šG –œ›š?‹ŒG z›–•ŒG{–?•G zŠ™ŒŒ•?•?Gm–™”G›–G ‰ŒG??““Œ‹GˆšG—ˆ™›G–?G kŒš??•GyŒ—–™›GGG t–l}{G kŒš??•G—?ˆšŒG zŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G –?G ™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G šœ‰T —™–‘ŒŠ›šG ??›??•G G z›–•ŒG{–?•GG zŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G m–™”G ˆ•‹G kŒš??•G yŒ—–™›G —™Œ—ˆ™Œ‹G ‰ G t–l}{G ?–™G ˆ——™–?ˆ“G ‰ G z{jkhGG t–l}{VG z{kjhG kŒš??•G—?ˆšŒG zŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G ‹œ™?•?G šŒ“ŒŠ›?–•G –?G Š–•š›™œŠ›?–•Gš?›ŒšGG zŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G ˆ›G š?›ŒG ?‹Œ•›???Šˆ›?–•G ‰ G kŒ—›G–?Gsˆ•‹šG w™–‘ŒŠ›G yŒ—–™›G —™Œ—ˆ™Œ‹G ‰ G t–l}{G ?–™G ˆ——™–?ˆ“G‰ GkvlG kŒ—›G–?Gsˆ•‹šG t–l}{G G kvlG kŒš??•G—?ˆšŒG t–•?›–™?•?G ?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G –?G ptwG ˆ›G Š–•š›™œŠ›?–•G j–•›™ˆŠ›G ?–™G šœ—Œ™??š?–•GG t–l}{G j–•š›™œŠ›?–•G w?ˆšŒG t–•?›–™?•?G ptwG ‹œ™?•?G –—Œ™ˆ›?–•G —?ˆšŒG mtwG —™Œ—ˆ™Œ‹G ‰ G zŠ?––“Gi–ˆ™‹šG z›ˆ›œ›–™ G ??“?•?G –?G ˆ••œˆ“G ˆœ‹?›G ™Œ—–™›šG›–GkvlG t–l}{G G zŠ?––“Gi–ˆ™‹šG v—Œ™ˆ›?–•G—?ˆšŒG G G G G Page 62 CHAPTER SIX: ASSESSMENT OF CAPCAITY IN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ESMF 6.1 A NALYSIS OF I NSTITUTIONAL R OLES AND CAPACITY BUILDING NEEDS h•Gˆ•ˆ“ š?šG–?G›?ŒGŠˆ—ˆŠ?› G–?G?•š›?›œ›?–•šG›–GšŒ™?ŒG›?Œ?™G™–“ŒšG?•G?zlwGˆšG ?‹Œ•›???Œ‹G?•G›?ŒGltwG?ˆšG‰ŒŒ•Gˆ•ˆ“ ¡Œ‹G?•G{ˆ‰“ŒGG]UXG?•G™Œš—ŒŠ›G–?G›?–G Š™?›Œ™?ˆG•ˆ”Œ“ GaTG G ƒ\03 sŒ?Œ“G–•G?•?–“?Œ”Œ•›G–?G›?ŒGp•š›?›œ›?–•G?•GŒŸŒŠœ›?•?G’Œ G™–“ŒšG–?G›?ŒGlztmG •ˆ”Œ“ bTGGp”—ˆŠ›GzŠ™ŒŒ•?•?SGp”—ˆŠ›Gt?›??ˆ›?–•SGzœ—Œ™??š?–•G–?Gt?›??ˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹Gp”—ˆŠ›Gt–•?›–™?•?bG G ƒ\03 h?ˆ?“ˆ‰?“?› G –?G —Œ™š–••Œ“G ˆ•‹G š’?““šG ›–G ŒŸŒŠœ›ŒG ™–“ŒšG ?‹Œ•›???Œ‹G ?–™G ŒˆŠ?G ?•š›?›œ›?–•UGG G nˆ—šG?•GŠˆ—ˆŠ?› Gˆ”–•?š›Gš›ˆ’Œ?–“‹Œ™G?•š›?›œ›?–•šG?ˆ?ŒG‰ŒŒ•G‹–Šœ”Œ•›Œ‹GˆšG ?–““–?šbTG G t–l}{a G{?ŒGt–l}{G?šG›?ŒGš?•?“ŒG”–š›G?”—–™›ˆ•›G—“ˆ Œ™G?•G?”—“Œ”Œ•›?•?G ›?ŒGlztmGˆšG?›G?šG?Œˆ??“ G?•?–“?Œ‹G?•Gˆ““Gˆš—ŒŠ›G–?G›?ŒGlztmGOšŠ™ŒŒ•?•?SG ”?›??ˆ›?–•SG šœ—Œ™??š?–•G –?G ”?›??ˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G ”–•?›–™?•?PUG G {??šG lztmG ™ŒŠ–?•?¡ŒšG›?ˆ›Gt–l}{G?ˆšGˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›ŒGšœ—Œ™??š–™ GŠˆ—ˆŠ?› G‹–?•G›–G‹?š›™?Š›G “Œ?Œ“G ‰œ›G ›?ŒG š›ˆ??G “ˆŠ’šG ˆ• G š??•???Šˆ•›G ŒŸ—–šœ™ŒG ˆ•‹G š’?““šG ™Œ˜œ?™Œ‹G ›–G ŒŸŒŠœ›ŒGŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›GˆšG™Œ˜œ?™Œ‹G?•G›??šGlztmUGp•G—ˆ™›?Šœ“ˆ™SG ?›G?šG•–›GŠ“Œˆ™G›?ˆ›Gt–l}{G?ˆšGŠˆ—ˆŠ?› G›–G—™Œ—ˆ™ŒG›?ŒGw™–‘ŒŠ›GyŒ—–™›šGš–G —??–›Gˆ““G›––GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“GˆššŒšš”Œ•›G–?G•Œ?GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•Gš?›ŒšUGG G {?ŒG kŒ—ˆ™›”Œ•›G –?G l•??™–•”Œ•›a G {?ŒG kvlG ?–œ“‹G ˆ“š–G —™–??‹ŒG —Œ™?–‹?ŠG ”–•?›–™?•?G ›–G Œ•šœ™ŒG •–G ˆ‹?Œ™šŒG Šœ”œ“ˆ›??ŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šG ?–™G ŒG ›?ŒG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ‹??š–™G›–Gˆ““Gš›ˆ’Œ?–“‹Œ™šG?•?–“?Œ‹G?•G”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G–?G›?ŒG ?zlwGˆ•‹G›–G?ˆŠ?“?›ˆ›ŒG›??šG™–“ŒSG?›G?šG?”—–™›ˆ•›G›?ˆ›GkvlG‰ŒG?œ““ GŠ–•?Œ™šˆ•›G ??›?G ›?ŒG ‹Œš??•G ˆ•‹G ?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G —™–ŠŒ‹œ™ŒG –?G ?zlwUG {?œšG ˆG XG ‹ˆ G šŒ”?•ˆ™G›–G?ˆŠ?“?›ˆ›ŒG›??šG??““G‰ŒGŠ–•‹œŠ›Œ‹G?–™GoxGˆ•‹Gk?š›™?Š›Gš›ˆ??G–?GkvlUG G {?ŒGkŒ—ˆ™›”Œ•›G–?Gsˆ•‹ša GhšG›?ŒGŠœš›–‹?ˆ•G–?G“ˆ•‹G”ˆ››Œ™šG?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™SG›??šG ‹Œ—ˆ™›”Œ•›G??““G—“ˆ GˆGŠ™œŠ?ˆ“G™–“ŒG?•GŠ“ˆ™?? ?•?G›?ŒG›Œ•œ™ŒGš?›œˆ›?–•G?–™Gˆ““G “ˆ•‹G›ˆ™?Œ›Œ‹G?–™G‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G‰ G‰–›?G?–?Œ™•”Œ•›Gˆ•‹GŠ?›?¡Œ•šGˆ•‹G›?œšG ”?›??ˆ›?•?G—–›Œ•›?ˆ“G?–™GŠ–•?“?Š›G–?Œ™G“ˆ•‹UGmœ™›?Œ™SG›?™–œ??G—™Œ—ˆ™ˆ›?–•G–?G —? š?Šˆ“G‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G—“ˆ•šSG›??šG‹Œ—ˆ™›”Œ•›G?œ?‹ŒšG›?ŒG“ˆ•‹TœšŒG—™–ŠŒššG ›–G Œ•šœŒG ›?ˆ›G ˆ““G ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›šG ˆ™ŒG ?•G ?ˆ™”–• G ??›?G ›?ŒG “–Šˆ“G š–Š?ˆ“G ˆ•‹G —? š?Šˆ“G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›UG G {?ŒG kŒ—ˆ™›”Œ•›G –?G “ˆ•‹šG ??““G ‰ŒG ?•?–“?Œ‹G ?•G šŠ™ŒŒ•?•?Gš?›ŒšG›ˆ™?Œ›Œ‹G‰ Gt–l}{G?–™G‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G–?G•Œ?G?•š›?›œ›?–•šUGp›G ?šG›?Œ™Œ?–™ŒG?”—–™›ˆ•›G›?ˆ›G›?ŒG‹Œ—ˆ™›”Œ•›G‰ŒGšŒ•š?›?¡Œ‹SG›?™–œ??GˆG–•ŒGOpPG Page 63 ‹ˆ GšŒ”?•ˆ™SG–•G›?ŒG‹Œš??•G–?G?zlwUG G {?ŒGz›–•ŒG{–?•Gj–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•Gˆ•‹GkŒ?Œ“–—”Œ•›Ghœ›?–™?› GOz{kjhPa G{??šG ˆœ›?–™?› G ??““G ‰ŒG ?•?–“?Œ‹G ?•G šŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G –?G —™–—–šˆ“šG ?–™G ™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G –?G šŠ?––“šG ??›??•G z›–•ŒG {–?•UG {?ŒG hœ›?–™?› G ?”—“Œ”Œ•›šG ›?ŒG z›–•ŒG {–?•G j–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•GhŠ›G•–UG–?GX``[Gˆ•‹G?ˆšG?›šG–?•G—™–ŠŒ‹œ™ŒšGˆ•‹Gš›ˆ??G˜œˆ“???Œ‹G ?•GŠ–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•G–?GoŒ™?›ˆ?ŒGš?›ŒšUGz›ˆ??G–?G›?ŒGhœ›?–™?› G?–?Œ?Œ™G?ˆ?ŒG•–G š’?““šG ?•G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G Š–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G ??““G ™Œ˜œ?™ŒG Šˆ—ˆŠ?› G ‰œ?“‹?•?G ?•G ›??šGˆ™ŒˆUGG G {?ŒGzŠ?––“Gi–ˆ™‹ša GzŠ?––“Gi–ˆ™‹šG??““G•–›G‰ŒG?Œˆ??“ G?•?–“?Œ‹G?•G‹Œš??•G ˆ•‹G?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G–?G›?ŒG?zlwUGo–?Œ?Œ™SG‹œ™?•?G–—Œ™ˆ›?–•SGzŠ?––“Gi–ˆ™‹šG ??““G —“ˆ G ›?ŒG Š™œŠ?ˆ“G ™–“ŒG –?G —™Œ—ˆ™ˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G ?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G –?G mˆŠ?“?› G tˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›Gw“ˆ•šG›–G?œ?‹ŒG”?›??ˆ›?–•G–?G?”—ˆŠ›šGˆšš–Š?ˆ›Œ‹G??›?G–—Œ™ˆ›?–•G –?GŠ–”—“Œ›Œ‹Gšœ‰TŠ–”—–•Œ•›šUG{?–œ??GšŠ?––“šG?ˆ?ŒG˜œˆ“???Œ‹G›ŒˆŠ?Œ™šGˆ•‹G Œ?Œ•GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“GŠ“œ‰šSGŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gš’?““šGˆ™ŒGŒššŒ•›?ˆ““ G“ˆŠ’?•?UGp›G?šG ›?œšG?”—–™›ˆ•›G›?ˆ›G”Œ”‰Œ™šG–?GšŠ?––“G‰–ˆ™‹šG‰ŒG???Œ•G?•‹œŠ›?–•G›™ˆ?•?•?G –•G?–?G›–G‹Œš??•Gˆ•‹Gˆ‹”?•?š›Œ™GmˆŠ?“?› G”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›Gw“ˆ•šUGG G 6.2: R EQUISITE C APACITY B UILDING {™ˆ?•?•?G??““G‰ŒG™Œ˜œ?™Œ‹GˆšG?–““–?šaTGG G t–‹œ“ŒGv•Œ aG 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G š › ˆ ’ Œ ? – “ ‹ Œ ™ G ™ – “ Œ š G ˆ • ‹ G Š ˆ — ˆ Š ? ›   G h š š Œ š š ” Œ • › G – ? G Š ˆ — ˆ Š ? ›   G › – G š Œ ™ ? Œ G ™ – “ Œ š G ‰ ˆ š Œ ‹ G – • G ˆ ? ˆ ? “ ˆ ‰ ? “ ? ›   G – ? G — Œ ™ š – • • Œ “ G ˆ • ‹ G š ’ ? “ “ š G G p • š › ? › œ › ? – • G p ” — ˆ Š › G z Š ™ Œ Œ • ? • ? G G p ” — ˆ Š › G t ? › ? ? ˆ › ? – • G G z œ — Œ ™ ? ? š ? • ? G t ? › ? ? ˆ › ? – • G p ” — ˆ Š › G t – • ? › – ™ ? • ? G G y Œ Š – ” ” Œ • ‹ ˆ › ? – • š G ~ ? “ “ G š Š ™ Œ Œ • G — ™ – ‘ Œ Š › š G ˆ • ‹ G — ™ Œ — ˆ ™ Œ G w ™ – ‘ Œ Š › G y Œ — – ™ › š G ? – ™ G k v l G š Š ™ Œ Œ • ? • ? G G G ~ ? “ “ G ” ? › ? ? ˆ › Œ G ? ” — ˆ Š › š G ˆ › G k Œ š ? ? • G z › ˆ ? Œ G G ~ ? “ “ G š œ — Œ ™ ? ? š Œ G ” ? › ? ? ˆ › ? – • G ˆ › G Š – • š › ™ œ Š › ? – • G ~ ? “ “ G – ? Œ ™ š Œ Œ G Š – ” — “ ? ˆ • Š Œ G ‰   G z Š ? – – “ G i – ˆ ™ ‹ š G ? • G ? ? “ “ ? • ? G ˆ • • œ ˆ “ G ˆ œ ‹ ? › G ™ Œ › œ ™ • š G › – G k v l G t – l } { G o ˆ š G — Œ ™ š – • • Œ “ G G ‰ œ › G “ ˆ Š ’ š G G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G š ’ ? “ “ š G o ˆ š G š œ — Œ ™ ? ? š – ™   G — Œ ™ š – • • Œ “ G G ‰ œ › G “ ˆ Š ’ š G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G š ’ ? “ “ š G o ˆ š G š œ — Œ ™ ? ? š – ™   G — Œ ™ š – • • Œ “ G G ‰ œ › G “ ˆ Š ’ š G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G š ’ ? “ “ š G G o ˆ š G š œ — Œ ™ ? ? š – ™   G — Œ ™ š – • • Œ “ G G ‰ œ › G “ ˆ Š ’ š G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G š ’ ? “ “ š G G p G ? ’ G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G Š – œ ™ š Œ G ? – ™ G G o x G ˆ • ‹ G ‹ ? š › ™ ? Š › G “ Œ ? Œ “ G š › ˆ ? ? G ~ ? “ “ G š Š ™ Œ Œ • G ˆ • ‹ G ˆ — — ™ – ? Œ G — ™ – ‘ Œ Š › š G › ˆ ™ ? Œ › ? • ? G z › – • Œ G { – ? • S G o ˆ š G š ’ ? “ “ Œ ‹ G — Œ ™ š – • • Œ “ G ? – ™ G Š – • š Œ ™ ? ˆ › ? – • G – ? G o Œ ™ ? › ˆ ? Œ G š ? › Œ š G G G ~ ? “ “ G j – • š › ™ œ Š › V G š œ — Œ ™ ? ? š Œ G Š – • š › ™ œ Š › ? – • G ? • G z › – • Œ G { – ? • G o ˆ š G ™ – “ Œ G › – G ” – • ? › – ™ G Š – • š › ™ œ Š › ? – • U G G z { j k h G s ˆ Š ’ š G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G š ’ ? “ “ š G G s ˆ Š ’ š G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G Š ˆ — ˆ Š ? ›   G s ˆ Š ’ š G š ’ ? “ “ š G › – G š œ — Œ ™ ? ? š Œ G p t w G s ˆ Š ’ š G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G š ’ ? “ “ š G G X G ‹ ˆ   G z Œ • š ? › ? ¡ ˆ › ? – • G š Œ ” ? • ˆ ™ G – • G l • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G z Š ™ Œ Œ • ? • ? G ? • G ? z l w G k Œ — › G – ? G s ˆ • ‹ š G G ~ ? “ “ G š Š ™ Œ Œ • G š ? › Œ š G › ˆ ™ ? Œ › Œ ‹ G ? – ™ G • Œ ? G Š – • š › ™ œ Š › ? – • G u – G ™ – “ Œ š G ‹ œ ™ ? • ? G Š – • š › ™ œ Š › ? – • G u – G ™ – “ Œ š G ? • G Š – • š › ™ œ Š › ? – • G u – G ” ˆ ‘ – ™ G ” – • ? › – ™ ? • ? G ™ – “ Œ G h š G ? – ™ G z { j k h G k Œ — › G – ? G l • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › G ~ ? “ “ G š Š ™ Œ Œ • G w ™ – ‘ Œ Š › G y Œ — – ™ › š G ? – ™ G ˆ “ “ G • Œ ? G š œ ‰ — ™ – ‘ Œ Š › š S G G o ˆ š G š ’ ? “ “ Œ ‹ G — Œ ™ š – • • Œ “ G ‹ – ? • G › – G ‹ ? š › ™ ? Š › G “ Œ ? Œ “ G z › ™ – • ? G ™ – “ Œ G ? • G t ? › ? ? ˆ › ? – • G › ? ™ – œ ? ? G š Š ™ Œ Œ • ? • ? G – ? G l t w š G ? – ™ G š œ ‰ T — ™ – ‘ Œ Š › š G o ˆ š G š ’ ? “ “ Œ ‹ G — Œ ™ š – • • Œ “ G ‹ – ? • G › – G ‹ ? š › ™ ? Š › G “ Œ ? Œ “ G u – G ™ – “ Œ G ? • G š œ — Œ ™ ? ? š ? – • G z › ˆ › œ › – ™   G ” – • ? › – ™ ? • ? G G ™ Œ ? ? Œ ? G – ? G ˆ • • œ ˆ “ G ˆ œ ‹ ? › G ™ Œ — – ™ › š G š œ ‰ ” ? › › Œ ‹ G ‰   G z Š ? – – “ G i – ˆ ™ ‹ š G G o ˆ š G š ’ ? “ “ Œ ‹ G — Œ ™ š – • • Œ “ G ‹ – ? • G › – G ‹ ? š › ™ ? Š › G “ Œ ? Œ “ G X G k ˆ   G š Œ ” ? • ˆ ™ G – • G ‹ Œ š ? ? • G – ? G ? z l w G ˆ • ‹ G — ™ – — – š Œ ‹ G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G š Š ™ Œ Œ • ? • ? G — ™ – Š Œ š š G z Š ? – – “ G i – ˆ ™ ‹ š G t ? • – ™ G š Š ™ Œ Œ • ? • ? G ™ – “ Œ G ? – ™ G ™ Œ ? ˆ ‰ ? “ ? › ˆ › ? – • G š œ ‰ T — ™ – ‘ Œ Š › š G { Œ ˆ Š ? Œ ™ š G ? ˆ ? Œ G • – G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G š ’ ? “ “ š G t ˆ • ˆ ? Œ ” Œ • › G – ? G Š ™ Œ ˆ › Œ ‹ G ‰   G ‹ ? š — “ ˆ Š Œ ” Œ • › G ˆ • ‹ G – • š ? › Œ G š œ — Œ ™ ? ? š ? – • G – ? G Š – • › ™ ˆ Š › – ™ š U G G { Œ ˆ Š ? Œ ™ š G ? ˆ ? Œ G • – G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G š ’ ? “ “ G j – T š œ — Œ ™ ? ? š ? – • G – ? G Š – • š › ™ œ Š › ? – • G – • G ‰ Œ ? ˆ “ ? G – ? G t – l } { G { Œ ˆ Š ? Œ ™ š G ? ˆ ? Œ G • – G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G š ’ ? “ “ š U G ~ ? “ “ G — ™ Œ — ˆ ™ Œ G ˆ • ‹ G ˆ ‹ ” ? • ? š › Œ ™ G m t w š G ˆ • ‹ G ? ? “ Œ G ˆ • • œ ˆ “ G ˆ œ ‹ ? › G ™ Œ — – ™ › š G › – G k v l U G { Œ ˆ Š ? Œ ™ š G ? ˆ ? Œ G • – G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G š ’ ? “ “ š G { – G • – ” ? • ˆ › Œ G Y G w Œ ™ š – • š G › – G ˆ › › Œ • ‹ G X G ? ’ G Š – œ ™ š Œ G – • G Œ • ? ? ™ – • ” Œ • › ˆ “ G ” ˆ • ˆ ? Œ ” Œ • › G ? • G ? z l w U G Page 65 66 t–‹œ“ŒG{?–aGw™–—–šŒ‹G{™ˆ?•?•?Gw™–?™ˆ”G?–™GzŠ?––“Gi–ˆ™‹šG kœ™ˆ›?–•a GGGZG‹ˆ šG h››Œ•‹ˆ•ŠŒa G{?–G—ˆ™›?Š?—ˆ•›šG?™–”G™Œš—ŒŠ›??ŒGzŠ?––“Gi–ˆ™‹šG G ƒ\03 l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gz–Š?ˆ“Gtˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G—™–ŠŒššG G G G ƒ\03 yŒ??Œ?G–?Gl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gz–Š?ˆ“Gtˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›Gw™–ŠŒššUG ƒ\03 yŒ??Œ?G–?Gz›ˆ•‹ˆ™‹GšŠ?––“G‹Œš??•šUG ƒ\03 |šŒG–?GzŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G?–™”Gˆ•‹Gj?ŒŠ’“?š›G›–G‹Œ›Œ™”?•ŒGˆ‹?Œ™šŒG?”—ˆŠ›šGG ƒ\03 m™–”Gšœ‰G—™–‘ŒŠ›GˆŠ›???›?ŒšUG ƒ\03 o–?G›–G”Œˆšœ™ŒGŠœ”œ“ˆ›??ŒGˆ‹?Œ™šŒG?”—ˆŠ›šUG ƒ\03 kŒš??•G–?Gˆ——™–—™?ˆ›ŒG”?›??ˆ›?–•G”Œˆšœ™ŒšUG ƒ\03 o–?G›–G™Œ??Œ?Gˆ•‹GŠ“Œˆ™G›?ŒGšŠ?––“G‹Œš??•G—ˆŠ’ˆ?ŒšUGG ƒ\03 {?ŒG?”—–™›ˆ•ŠŒG–?G—œ‰“?ŠGŠ–•šœ“›ˆ›?–•šG?•G›?ŒGlztmG—™–ŠŒššUG ƒ\03 o–?G›–G”–•?›–™G”?›??ˆ›?–•G”Œˆšœ™ŒšUG ƒ\03 o–?G›–GŒ”‰Œ‹G›?ŒGl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gz–Š?ˆ“Gtˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G—™–ŠŒššG ?•›–G›?ŒGŠ???“G?–™’šUG ƒ\03 j–•›™ˆŠ›UG G zŒ“ŒŠ›Œ‹G›–—?ŠšG–•GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G—™–›ŒŠ›?–•G G G G G GGG X‹ˆ G ƒ\03 sˆ•‹GœšŒSG“ˆ•‹G‹Œ?™ˆ‹ˆ›?–•Gˆ•‹Gš–?“GŒ™–š?–•G?•G›?ŒG“–Šˆ“GŠ–””œ•?› G ˆ™ŒˆUG ƒ\03 zˆ?ŒG ”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G –?G ?ˆš›ŒG ‹?š—–šˆ“G ˆ•‹G ?”—“?Šˆ›?–•šG –•G —œ‰“?ŠG ?Œˆ“›?UG ƒ\03 l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G?•Gp•š›?›œ›?–•šG–?GsŒˆ™•?•?UGG ƒ\03 k?šˆš›Œ™Gw™Œ—ˆ™Œ‹•ŒššG?–™G?“––‹šGˆ•‹Gk™–œ??›šUG G {™ˆ?•?•?Gj–š›Glš›?”ˆ›ŒšG {?ŒG{™ˆ?•?•?Gw™–?™ˆ”G?šG›–G‰ŒG?”—“Œ”Œ•›Œ‹G‰ G›?ŒGt–l}{UGj–š›G??““G ‰ŒG Š–”—–œ•‹Œ‹G ?•G ›?ŒG Œ•›?™ŒG ‰œ‹?Œ›G ?–™G lztmG Šœ™™Œ•›“ G œ•‹Œ™G —™Œ—ˆ™ˆ›?–•UGG G Page 66 67 CHAPTER SEVEN: ASSSESSMENT OF REQUISITE FINANCES G 7.1: O VERVIEW OF THE BUDGET {??šG??•ˆ“GŠ?ˆ—›Œ™G–œ›“?•ŒšG›?ŒGŠ–š›G?”—“?Šˆ›?–•šG–?Gˆ‹”?•?š›Œ™?•?G›?ŒGlztmG ™ŒŠ–””Œ•‹ˆ›?–•šUGp•G—™Œ—ˆ™?•?G›?ŒG‰œ‹?Œ›GˆšG–œ›“?•Œ‹G?•G{ˆ‰“ŒG^UXSG?›G?ˆšG ‰ŒŒ•G ˆššœ”Œ‹G ›?ˆ›G Š–š›šG –?G ?•?–“?Œ”Œ•›G –?G ›?ŒG t–l}{G ˆ•‹G –›?Œ™G š›ˆ’Œ?–“‹Œ™šG ?•G yn?G ??““G ‰ŒG ”Œ›G ?•›Œ™•ˆ““ G ›?™–œ??G ™–œ›?•ŒG ‰œ‹?Œ›ˆ™ G ˆ““–Šˆ›?–•šG ˆ•‹G –?•G ™Œ?Œ•œŒUG G G mœ™›?Œ™SG ›?ŒG ‰œ“’G –?G ?”—ˆŠ›šG ?™–”G Š???“G ?–™’šG??““G‰ŒG”?›??ˆ›Œ‹G‹œ™?•?GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•Gˆ•‹G›?œšG??•ˆ•ŠŒ‹Gœ•‹Œ™G›?ŒG Š–•›™ˆŠ›šGˆ•‹Gi–xšG?–™GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•UG{?œšSG›?ŒG‰œ‹?Œ›G—™–—–šŒ‹G?Œ™ŒT?•SG ›?Œ™Œ?–™ŒSGŠ–?Œ™šG›?–šŒGŒŸ›™ˆGŒŸ—Œ•‹?›œ™ŒG?Œˆ‹šG›?ˆ›G?ˆ?ŒG‰ŒŒ•G›™???Œ™Œ‹G ‰ G›??šGlztmGˆ•‹G???Š?G?Œ™ŒG›?Œ™Œ?–™ŒG•–›G–™???•ˆ““ G?ˆŠ›–™Œ‹G?•›–G›?ŒG ?zlwUGGn??Œ•G›??šGŠ–•š?‹Œ™ˆ›?–•SG›?ŒG”ˆ?•GŠ–š›G?Œˆ‹šG?–™G›?ŒGlztmG‰œ‹?Œ›G ›?Œ•G™Œ‹œŠŒG›–G›?ŒG?–““–??•?aG ƒ\03 m?•ˆ•Š?•?G–?G›?ŒGyhwbG ƒ\03 m?•ˆ•Š?•?G›ŒŠ?•?Šˆ“Gˆšš?š›ˆ•ŠŒG›–G›?ŒGt–l}{G?•G›?ŒG—™–‹œŠ›?–•G–?GˆG yŒšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›GhŠ›?–•Gw“ˆ•šGˆ•‹Gl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gw™–‘ŒŠ›GyŒ—–™›šGˆšG—Œ™G ›??šGlztmbGGˆ•‹SGG ƒ\03 m?•ˆ•Š?•?G –?G ›?ŒG —™–—–šŒ‹G Šˆ—ˆŠ?› G ‰œ?“‹?•?G O›™ˆ?•?•?PG ?–™G ?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G–?G›?ŒGlztmGGG G {ˆ‰“ŒG^UXaGiœ‹?Œ›ˆ™ G™Œ˜œ?™Œ”Œ•›šG?•G?”—“Œ”Œ•›?•?G›?ŒGlztmG G p›Œ”GG j–š›GoŒˆ‹G j–š›šGO|zkP G zŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G—™–‘ŒŠ›šG–œ›š?‹ŒG z{jkhG p•›Œ™•ˆ“?¡Œ‹G›–Gt–l}{G G zŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G?•Gz{jkhG p•›Œ™•ˆ“?¡Œ‹G›–Gt–l}{Gˆ•‹G z{kjhG G zŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G–?G•Œ?Gš?›ŒšG GG j––™‹?•ˆ›?–•GŠ–š›šG›–G t–l}{G p•›Œ™•ˆ“?¡Œ‹G›–Gt–l}{G G j–š›šG›–GkŒ—›G–?Gsˆ•‹šGG p•›Œ™•ˆ“?¡Œ‹G›–GkŒ—›G–?G sˆ•‹šG G w™Œ—ˆ™ˆ›?–•G–?Gw™–‘ŒŠ›G ™Œ—–™›šG‰ Gt–l}{GG t–l}{G›–G??™ŒGŠ–•šœ“›ˆ•›G YWSWWW G w™Œ—ˆ™ˆ›?–•G–?GGyhwGG t–l}{G›–G??™ŒGŠ–•šœ“›ˆ•›G YWSWWW G Page 67 68 h™Š??›ŒŠ›œ™ˆ“G‹Œš??•SGi– xšSG {Œ•‹Œ™Gˆ•‹GŠ–•›™ˆŠ›G ‹–Šœ”Œ•›šG?–™Gšœ‰G—™–‘ŒŠ›š G t–l}{G›–G??™ŒGŠ–•šœ“›ˆ•›G YWSWWW G w™Œ—ˆ™ˆ›?–•G–?GmˆŠ?“?› G tˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G—“ˆ•šGG p•›Œ™•ˆ“?¡Œ‹G›–GzŠ?––“G i–ˆ™‹šG G t?›??ˆ›?–•GG–?G?”—ˆŠ›šGˆ›GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–• GG k?š—“ˆŠŒ”Œ•›G zŒŒGyhwG [S^WWSWWW G vŠŠœ—ˆ›?–•ˆ“GoŒˆ“›?Gˆ•‹G zˆ?Œ› G?”—ˆŠ›šGG j–•›™ˆŠ›G?–™Gj–•š›™œŠ›?–•G G k?š—–šˆ“G–?G‹Œ‰™?šG j–•›™ˆŠ›G?–™GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•G G tˆ›Œ™?ˆ“Gš–œ™ŠŒGˆ™ŒˆšG j–•›™ˆŠ›G?–™GGŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•G G z–Š?ˆ“G‹ŒŠˆ‹Œ•ŠŒG j–•›™ˆŠ›G?–™Gj–•š›™œŠ›?–•G G p”—ˆŠ›šG?•Gz{jkhG p•›Œ™•ˆ“?¡Œ‹G›–Gz{kjhG G zœ—Œ™??š?–•G‰ Gt–l}{G p•›Œ™•ˆ“?¡Œ‹G›–Gt–l}{G G zœ—Œ™??š?–•G‰ GGz{kjhG p•›Œ™•ˆ“?¡Œ‹G›–Gz{kjhG G t?›??ˆ›?–•G‹œ™?•?G–—Œ™ˆ›?–•T›?ŒGmtwš GG k?š—–šˆ“G–?GšŒ?ˆ?ŒGˆ•‹G –›?Œ™G“?˜œ?‹GŒ??“œŒ•›G p•›Œ™•ˆ“?¡Œ‹G›–GzŠ?––“G i–ˆ™‹šG G k?š—–šˆ“G–?Gšœ™?ˆŠŒG™œ•–??G j–•›™ˆŠ›G?–™Gj–•š›™œŠ›?–•G G k?š—–šˆ“G–?Gš–“?‹G?ˆš›ŒGG p•›Œ™•ˆ“?¡Œ‹G›–GzŠ?––“G i–ˆ™‹šG G p”—ˆŠ›šG–•Gl•Œ™? Gšœ——“ G zŠ?––“Gi–ˆ™‹šG?•G Š–““ˆ‰–™ˆ›?–•G??›?GkjjmmG ›–G”–œ•›Gˆ?™–G?–™Œš›™ G –œ›™ŒˆŠ?G›–G‰œ?“‹Gœ—G?––‹G šœ——“ Gˆ™–œ•‹GšŠ?––“šG G t–•?›–™?•?Gj–š›šG GG t–l}{G p•›Œ™•ˆ“?¡Œ‹G›–Gt–l}{G G z{jkhG p•›Œ™•ˆ“?¡Œ‹G›–Gz{kjhG G kŒ—›G–?GGl•??™–•”Œ•›G p•›Œ™•ˆ“?¡Œ‹G›–GkvlG G zŠ?––“Gi–ˆ™‹šG p•›Œ™•ˆ“?¡Œ‹G›–GzŠ?––“G i–ˆ™‹šG G {™ˆ?•?•?GŠ–š›šG GG YG?’Gl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ›™ˆ?•?•?GG?–™Gt–l}{Gš›ˆ??G ˆ›G|•?œ‘ˆGˆ•‹GwŒ”‰ˆG G ZWSWWW G G\Gu–UGXG‹ˆ GŠ–œ™šŒG?–™G –›?Œ™Gš›ˆ’Œ?–“‹Œ™šG G YWSWWW G Page 68 69 {–›ˆ“Giœ‹?Œ›GG G [S_XWSWWWUWW G GG 7.2: T OTAL COSTS {?ŒGŒŸ›™ˆGŒŸ—Œ•‹?›œ™ŒG›™???Œ™Œ‹G‰ G›??šGlztmGˆ”–œ•›šG›–GKG[SG_XWSGWWWG O|šG‹–““ˆ™šG?–œ™G”?““?–•SGŒ???›G?œ•‹™Œ‹Gˆ•‹G›Œ•G›?–œšˆ•‹PG›–G‰ŒGš–œ™ŠŒ‹GˆšG ›–›ˆ“G—™?ŠŒGŒšŠˆ“ˆ›?–•G?•G›?ŒG?zlwUG G G BIBLIOGRAPHY G XUG ?››—aVV???U‹ŠŠ??UŠ–”Vˆ™Š???ŒšV?•‹ŒŸU?›”“ GGGG G YUG ?››—aVV???U‰?–‹?U–™? G G ZUG tˆ”“ˆ’ˆG ˆGo??ˆ‹??G•ˆG|Œ•‹Œ“Œ¡ˆ‘?Gt‘?Gt’–•??ŒaYWW] Gt‘?Gt’–•??ŒG ~ˆG ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G |™?›??G ?ˆG r?”ˆ›ˆ??ˆS~ˆ™š?ˆG  ˆG ~ˆ”?“?’?G •ˆG ~ˆ’ˆˆ¡?G ?ˆG l•Œ–G“ˆGt‘?Gt’–•??ŒSGYWW]UG G [UG t?•?š›™ G–?Gl‹œŠˆ›?–•SX`_\ aGnŒ•Œ™ˆ“Gtˆ?•›Œ•ˆ•ŠŒGtˆ•œˆ“SGtˆ?•›Œ•ˆ•ŠŒG zŒŠ›?–•Gt?•?š›™ G–?Gl‹œŠˆ›?–•SX`_\UG G \UG yŒ?–“œ›?–•ˆ™ Gn–?Œ™•”Œ•›G–?G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™aYWW[a G{?ŒG?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™Gp•?Œš›”Œ•›G w™–”–›?–•G h•‹G w™–›ŒŠ›?–•G hŠ›SYWW[SsŒ?ˆ“G šœ——“Œ”Œ•›šG O—ˆ™›G XP›–G ›?ŒG ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G n–?Œ™•”Œ•›}–“UŠŸ???]W^[G –?G Z 348.1 316.9 8.0 8.2 0 : ™‹ GGkŒŠŒ”‰Œ™GYWW[S?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G n–?Œ™•”Œ•›Gw™ŒššSYWW[G GG G ]UG yŒ?–“œ›?–•ˆ™ G n–?Œ™•”Œ•›G –?G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G SX``^a {?ŒG m–™Œš›G yŒš–œ™ŠŒšG tˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G ˆ•‹G j–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•G hŠ›G u–XW–?G X``]SX``^asŒ?ˆ“G šœ——“Œ”Œ•›šGO—ˆ™›XP›–G›?ŒG?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™Gn–?Œ™•”Œ•›G?ˆ¡Œ››ŒG?–“UGu–U\^]`G–?G ] 115.3 223.2 8.0 7.4 0 : ›? GkŒŠŒ”‰Œ™GSX``^U?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™Gn–?Œ™•”Œ•›Gw™ŒššSG G ^UG yŒ?–“œ›?–•G n–?Œ™•”Œ•›G –?G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™SX``[a {?ŒG z›–•ŒG {–?•G j–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•G ˆ•‹G kŒ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G hŠ›SX``[G U?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G n–?Œ™•”Œ•›G w™ŒššSX``[G G _UG yŒ?–“œ›?–•ˆ™ G n–?Œ™•”Œ•›G –?G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™SX``Ya G uˆ›?–•ˆ“G l•??™–•”Œ•›G w–“?Š G ?–™G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™SG j–””?šš?–•Œ™G ?–™G sˆ•‹šG ˆ•‹G t?•?š›™ G –?G ~ˆ›Œ™G Sj–•š›™œŠ›?–•Gl•Œ™? Gsˆ•‹Gˆ•‹Gl•??™–•”Œ•›SX``YG G Page 69 70 `UG {?ŒG h??ˆG r?ˆ•G {™œš›G ?–™G jœ“›œ™ŒSG X``]a G o?š›–™?ŠG j?›?ŒšG zœ——–™›G w™–?™ˆ””ŒT?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™aG hG w“ˆ•G ?–™G {?ŒG o?š›–™?ŠG z›–•ŒG {–?•UG nˆ““Œ™ G wœ‰“?Šˆ›?–•šUX``]UG Page 70 71 n“–ššˆ™ G–?G›Œ™”šG i–™?›?SG”ˆ—ˆœSG•?œ¡–Gˆ•‹Gm?›– aGˆ™ŒG‹ŒŠ™ŒˆšŒ‹Gš?¡ŒGŠ“ˆššŒšG–?G‰œ?“‹?•?G —–“ŒšGoˆ™?Œš›Œ‹G?™–”G•ˆ›œ™ˆ“G?–™Œš›šGO~?““?ˆ”šGˆ•‹Giˆš?ˆSGX``]PG G j?ˆ–a G hG —?“ŒG –?G š›–•ŒG ”ˆ‹ŒG —œ™—–šŒ“ G ›–G Š–?Œ™G ?œš’šG ‹œ™?•?G Š–™ŒG ”ˆ’?•?UG {?Œ G ˆ™ŒG —Œ™”ˆ•Œ•›“ G ”ˆ‹ŒG ˆ•‹G ?•?Œ™?›Œ‹G ?™–”G –•ŒG ?Œ•Œ™ˆ›?–•G›–Gˆ•–›?Œ™UG k??ˆ•?a G s–Šˆ“G ?ˆ™‹G “Œˆ‹Œ™UG |šœˆ““ G Œ“ŒŠ›Œ‹G ‹œ™?•?G ›?ŒG ???ŒT Œˆ™G ?•›Œ™?ˆ“G•ˆ›?–•ˆ“GŒ“ŒŠ›?–•UGhG?ˆ™‹G”ˆ G?•Š“œ‹ŒG–•ŒG–™G”–™ŒG??““ˆ?ŒšUG G rˆš’ˆ¡?aG {?ŒG •–™›?G ”–•š––•G šŒˆš–•G ?™–”G vŠ›–‰Œ™Vu–?Œ”‰Œ™G ›–G tˆ™Š?G O~?““?ˆ”šGˆ•‹Giˆš?ˆSGX``]PG G tˆš?’ˆa G{?ŒG“–•?G™ˆ?• GšŒˆš–•G?™–”Gtˆ™Š?G›–Gqœ•ŒG Gp›Gš›ˆ™›šG??Œ•G ›?ŒG•–™›?G”–•š––•Gš??›Š?ŒšGO~?““?ˆ”šGˆ•‹Giˆš?ˆSGX``]PUG G z?Œ?ˆa G {?ŒG “–Šˆ“G ˆ‹”?•?š›™ˆ›??ŒG “Œˆ‹Œ™SG ›?ŒG ?Œˆ‹G –?G ›?ŒG š?Œ??ˆG ˆ——–?•›Œ‹G‰ G›?ŒG?–?Œ™•”Œ•›GO~?““?ˆ”šGˆ•‹Giˆš?ˆSGX``]PUG G z?Œ??ˆa G {?ŒG š”ˆ““Œš›G ˆ‹”?•?š›™ˆ›??ŒG œ•?›G ?•G ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™SG œšœˆ““ G ?•Š–™—–™ˆ›?•?G–•ŒG‰œ›Gš–”Œ›?”ŒšG›?–G–™G”–™ŒGO~?““?ˆ”šGˆ•‹Giˆš?ˆSG X``]PUG G }œ“?a G{?ŒGš?–™›G™ˆ?•šG???Š?G?ˆ““šG?•GvŠ›–‰Œ™Vu–?Œ”‰Œ™UG G tˆœ“?‹a GhGš—ŒŠ?ˆ“G™Œ“???–œšG–ŠŠˆš?–•G”ˆ™’?•?G›?ŒG”Œ”–™ G?–™G›?ŒG‰?™›?G –?G›?ŒGtœš“?”G“Œˆ‹Œ™G Gtœ?ˆ””ˆ‹UG w?”ˆaGs–Šˆ“G”Œˆšœ™Œ”Œ•›G?–™G“Œ•?›?UGp›G?šGˆ‰–œ›GXU\WG–?GˆG”Œ›Œ™UG u œ•?œa GhG?ˆ—–œ™G?™–”GˆG‰–?“Œ‹G”?Ÿ›œ™ŒG–?G“Œˆ?ŒšSGš›Œ”G—ˆ™›Gˆ•‹V–™G ™––›šG?™–”G‹???Œ™Œ•›G—“ˆ•›Gš—ŒŠ?ŒšUG{?ŒGš—ŒŠ?ŒšG”ˆ G?•Š“œ‹ŒG”?Œœ’ˆSG ”‹?”œG”š?›œSG”—Œ—ŒSG”Š?–?œSG”?–SG”—?“?—?“?G‹–™?ˆSG”’?ˆ”‰ˆSG ”™?”‰ˆSG”‹?”œG”’ˆ“?Gˆ•‹G’?‘?›?GŠ?ˆG”Š?ˆ•?ˆ•?UG G q?”‰–a G hG ”?Ÿ›œ™ŒG –?G —“ˆ•›G “Œˆ?ŒšG ?™–œ•‹G ˆ•‹G ™œ‰‰Œ‹G ›?™–œ??–œ›G ?•?ˆ•›š G ‰–‹?ŒšG ›–G —™Œ?Œ•›G ?•?ˆ•›G ‹?šŒˆšŒšG –™G ?•‹œŠŒG š—ŒŠ?ˆ“G Š?ˆ™ˆŠ›Œ™?š›?ŠšG–?G›?ŒG—“ˆ•›šUG tˆ?œš?–aGhG”?Ÿ›œ™ŒG–?G‹™?Œ‹G“Œˆ?ŒšG‰œ™•›G›–G—™–‹œŠŒGŠœ™ˆ›??ŒGš”–’ŒG ?–™Gš—?™?›œˆ“G‹?šŒˆšŒšUG G Page 71 72 ANNEXES G G G G G G G G G G Page 72 73 h••ŒŸG v•ŒG aG ~–™“‹G iˆ•’G l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ˆ•‹G z–Š?ˆ“G zˆ?Œ?œˆ™‹G w–“?Š?ŒšG G G l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“GhššŒšš”Œ•›GOvwG[UWXPU Gvœ›“?•ŒšGiˆ•’G—–“?Š Gˆ•‹G—™–ŠŒ‹œ™ŒG ?–™G ›?ŒG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ˆššŒšš”Œ•›G –?G iˆ•’G “Œ•‹?•?G –—Œ™ˆ›?–•šUG {?ŒG iˆ•’G œ•‹Œ™›ˆ’ŒšGŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“GšŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G–?GŒˆŠ?G—™–—–šŒ‹G—™–‘ŒŠ›G›–G‹Œ›Œ™”?•ŒG ›?ŒG ˆ——™–—™?ˆ›ŒG ŒŸ›Œ•›G ˆ•‹G › —ŒG –?G lhG —™–ŠŒššUG {??šG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G šŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G—™–ŠŒššG??““Gˆ——“ G›–Gˆ““Gšœ‰T—™–‘ŒŠ›šG›–G‰ŒG?œ•‹Œ‹G‰ G?zlwUGG G uˆ›œ™ˆ“Goˆ‰?›ˆ›šGOvwG[UW[PU G{?ŒGŠ–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•G–?G•ˆ›œ™ˆ“G?ˆ‰?›ˆ›šSG“?’ŒG–›?Œ™G ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG›?ˆ›G—™–›ŒŠ›Gˆ•‹GŒ•?ˆ•ŠŒG›?ŒGŒ•??™–•”Œ•›SG?šGŒššŒ•›?ˆ“G?–™G“–•?T ›Œ™”G šœš›ˆ?•ˆ‰“ŒG ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›UG G {?ŒG iˆ•’G ‹–ŒšG •–›G šœ——–™›G —™–‘ŒŠ›šG ?•?–“??•?G›?ŒGš??•???Šˆ•›GŠ–•?Œ™š?–•G–?G•ˆ›œ™ˆ“G?ˆ‰?›ˆ›šGœ•“ŒššG›?Œ™ŒGˆ™ŒG•–G ?Œˆš?‰“ŒG ˆ“›Œ™•ˆ›??ŒšG ?–™G ›?ŒG —™–‘ŒŠ›G ˆ•‹G ?›šG š?›?•?SG ˆ•‹G Š–”—™Œ?Œ•š??ŒG ˆ•ˆ“ š?šG ‹Œ”–•š›™ˆ›ŒšG ›?ˆ›G –?Œ™ˆ““G ‰Œ•Œ??›šG ?™–”G ›?ŒG —™–‘ŒŠ›G šœ‰š›ˆ•›?ˆ““ G –œ›?Œ???G ›?ŒG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G Š–š›šUG p?G ›?ŒG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ˆššŒšš”Œ•›G ?•‹?Šˆ›ŒšG ›?ˆ›G ˆG —™–‘ŒŠ›G ?–œ“‹G š??•???Šˆ•›“ G Š–•?Œ™›G –™G ‹Œ?™ˆ‹ŒG •ˆ›œ™ˆ“G ?ˆ‰?›ˆ›šSG›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›G?•Š“œ‹ŒšG”?›??ˆ›?–•G”Œˆšœ™ŒšGˆŠŠŒ—›ˆ‰“ŒG›–G›?ŒGiˆ•’UG zœŠ?G ”?›??ˆ›?–•G ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG ?•Š“œ‹ŒSG ˆšG ˆ——™–—™?ˆ›ŒSG ”?•?”?¡?•?G ?ˆ‰?›ˆ›G “–ššG OŒU?UG š›™ˆ›Œ??ŠG ?ˆ‰?›ˆ›G ™Œ›Œ•›?–•G ˆ•‹G —–š›T‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G ™Œš›–™ˆ›?–•PG ˆ•‹G Œš›ˆ‰“?š??•?G ˆ•‹G ”ˆ?•›ˆ?•?•?G ˆ•G ŒŠ–“–??Šˆ““ G š?”?“ˆ™G —™–›ŒŠ›Œ‹G ˆ™ŒˆUG {?ŒG iˆ•’G ˆŠŠŒ—›šG –›?Œ™G ?–™”šG –?G ”?›??ˆ›?–•G ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG –•“ G ??Œ•G ›?Œ G ˆ™ŒG ›ŒŠ?•?Šˆ““ G ‘œš›???Œ‹UG z?–œ“‹G ›?ŒG šœ‰T—™–‘ŒŠ›Tš—ŒŠ???ŠG lhšG ?•‹?Šˆ›ŒG ›?ˆ›G •ˆ›œ™ˆ“G?ˆ‰?›ˆ›šG”???›G‰ŒGˆ??ŒŠ›Œ‹G•Œ?ˆ›??Œ“ G‰ G›?ŒG—™–—–šŒ‹Gšœ‰T—™–‘ŒŠ›G ˆŠ›???›?ŒšSGšœŠ?Gšœ‰T—™–‘ŒŠ›šG??““G•–›G‰ŒG?œ•‹Œ‹Gœ•‹Œ™G›?ŒG?zlwUG wŒš›G tˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G OvwG [UW`PU G {?ŒG —–“?Š G šœ——–™›šG šˆ?ŒSG ˆ??ŒŠ›??ŒSG ˆ•‹G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ““ Gš–œ•‹G—Œš›G”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›UGp›G—™–”–›ŒšG›?ŒGœšŒG–?G‰?–“–??Šˆ“G ˆ•‹GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“GŠ–•›™–“G”Œ›?–‹šUGh•GˆššŒšš”Œ•›G?šG”ˆ‹ŒG–?G›?ŒGŠˆ—ˆŠ?› G –?G ›?ŒG Š–œ•›™  šG ™Œ?œ“ˆ›–™ G ?™ˆ”Œ?–™’G ˆ•‹G ?•š›?›œ›?–•šG ›–G —™–”–›ŒG ˆ•‹G šœ——–™›Gšˆ?ŒSGŒ??ŒŠ›??ŒSGˆ•‹GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ““ Gš–œ•‹G—Œš›G”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›UG{??šG —–“?Š G??““G”–š›G“?’Œ“ G•–›Gˆ——“ G›–G?zlwUG G p•?–“œ•›ˆ™ GyŒšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›GOvwG[UXYPU G G {??šG —–“?Š G Š–?Œ™šG ‹?™ŒŠ›G ŒŠ–•–”?ŠG ˆ•‹Gš–Š?ˆ“G?”—ˆŠ›šG›?ˆ›G‰–›?G™Œšœ“›G?™–”Giˆ•’Tˆšš?š›Œ‹G?•?Œš›”Œ•›G—™–‘ŒŠ›šSG ˆ•‹Gˆ™ŒG ŠˆœšŒ‹G‰ GOˆPG›?ŒG?•?–“œ•›ˆ™ G›ˆ’?•?G–?G“ˆ•‹G™Œšœ“›?•?G?•GO?PG ™Œ“–Šˆ›?–•G–™G“–ššG–?Gš?Œ“›Œ™bGO??PG“–ššG–?GˆššŒ›šG–™GˆŠŠŒššG›–GˆššŒ›šSG–™GO???PG “–ššG–?G?•Š–”ŒGš–œ™ŠŒšG–™G”Œˆ•šG–?G“??Œ“??––‹SG??Œ›?Œ™G–™G•–›G›?ŒGˆ??ŒŠ›Œ‹G —Œ™š–•šG”œš›G”–?ŒG›–Gˆ•–›?Œ™G“–Šˆ›?–•bG–™GO‰PG›?ŒG?•?–“œ•›ˆ™ G™Œš›™?Š›?–•G–?G ˆŠŠŒššG›–G“Œ?ˆ““ G‹Œš??•ˆ›Œ‹G—ˆ™’šGˆ•‹G—™–›ŒŠ›Œ‹Gˆ™ŒˆšG™Œšœ“›?•?G?•Gˆ‹?Œ™šŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šG–•G›?ŒG“??Œ“??––‹šG–?G›?ŒG‹?š—“ˆŠŒ‹G—Œ™š–•šUG{??šG—–“?Š G?šG›™???Œ™Œ‹G ‰ G›?ŒG?zlwGˆ•‹G›?Œ™Œ?–™ŒG›?ŒGn–?Œ™•”Œ•›G?ˆšG—™Œ—ˆ™Œ‹Gˆ•‹G‹?šŠ“–šŒ‹G›?ŒG ™Œ˜œ?™Œ‹GyŒšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›Gw–“?Š Gm™ˆ”Œ?–™’GOywmPUG G p•‹??Œ•–œšGwŒ–—“ŒšGOvkG[UYWPU G{??šG‹?™ŒŠ›??ŒG—™–??‹ŒšG?œ?‹ˆ•ŠŒG›–GŒ•šœ™ŒG ›?ˆ›G?•‹??Œ•–œšG—Œ–—“ŒšG‰Œ•Œ??›G?™–”G‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G—™–‘ŒŠ›šSGˆ•‹G›–Gˆ?–?‹G–™G Page 73 74 ”?›??ˆ›ŒG ˆ‹?Œ™šŒG Œ??ŒŠ›šG –?G iˆ•’T??•ˆ•ŠŒ‹G ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G —™–‘ŒŠ›šG –•G ?•‹??Œ•–œšG —Œ–—“ŒšUG tŒˆšœ™ŒšG ›–G ˆ‹‹™ŒššG ?ššœŒšG —Œ™›ˆ?•?•?G ›–G ?•‹??Œ•–œšG —Œ–—“ŒšG ”œš›G ‰ŒG ‰ˆšŒ‹G –•G ›?ŒG ?•?–™”Œ‹G —ˆ™›?Š?—ˆ›?–•G –?G ›?ŒG ?•‹??Œ•–œšG —Œ–—“ŒG ›?Œ”šŒ“?ŒšUG zœ‰T—™–‘ŒŠ›šG ›?ˆ›G ?–œ“‹G ?ˆ?ŒG •Œ?ˆ›??ŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šG –•G ?•‹??Œ•–œšG—Œ–—“ŒG??““G•–›G‰ŒG?œ•‹Œ‹Gœ•‹Œ™G?zlwGUG m–™Œš›šG OvwG [UZ]PU G {??šG —–“?Š G ˆ——“?ŒšG ›–G ›?ŒG ?–““–??•?G › —ŒšG –?G iˆ•’T ??•ˆ•ŠŒ‹G?•?Œš›”Œ•›G—™–‘ŒŠ›šaGOˆPG—™–‘ŒŠ›šG›?ˆ›G?ˆ?ŒG–™G”ˆ G?ˆ?ŒG?”—ˆŠ›šG–•G ›?ŒG ?Œˆ“›?G ˆ•‹G ˜œˆ“?› G –?G ?–™Œš›šbG O‰PG —™–‘ŒŠ›šG ›?ˆ›G ˆ??ŒŠ›G ›?ŒG ™???›šG ˆ•‹G ?Œ“?ˆ™ŒG–?G—Œ–—“ŒGˆ•‹G›?Œ?™G“Œ?Œ“G–?G‹Œ—Œ•‹Œ•ŠŒGœ—–•G–™G?•›Œ™ˆŠ›?–•G??›?G ?–™Œš›šbGˆ•‹GOŠPG—™–‘ŒŠ›šG›?ˆ›Gˆ?”G›–G‰™?•?Gˆ‰–œ›GŠ?ˆ•?ŒšG?•G›?ŒG”ˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›SG —™–›ŒŠ›?–•SG–™Gœ›?“?¡ˆ›?–•G–?G•ˆ›œ™ˆ“G?–™Œš›šG–™G—“ˆ•›ˆ›?–•šSG??Œ›?Œ™G›?Œ Gˆ™ŒG —œ‰“?Š“ SG —™??ˆ›Œ“ SG G –™G Š–””œ•ˆ““ G –?•Œ‹UG G {?ŒG iˆ•’G ‹–ŒšG •–›G ??•ˆ•ŠŒG —™–‘ŒŠ›šG ›?ˆ›SG ?•G ?›šG –—?•?–•SG ?–œ“‹G ?•?–“?ŒG š??•???Šˆ•›G Š–•?Œ™š?–•G –™G ‹Œ?™ˆ‹ˆ›?–•G–?GŠ™?›?Šˆ“G?–™Œš›Gˆ™ŒˆšG–™G™Œ“ˆ›Œ‹GŠ™?›?Šˆ“G?ˆ‰?›ˆ›šUGGp?GˆG—™–‘ŒŠ›G ?•?–“?ŒšG ›?ŒG š??•???Šˆ•›G Š–•?Œ™š?–•G –™G ‹Œ?™ˆ‹ˆ›?–•G –?G •ˆ›œ™ˆ“G ?–™Œš›šG –™G ™Œ“ˆ›Œ‹G•ˆ›œ™ˆ“G?ˆ‰?›ˆ›šG›?ˆ›G›?ŒGiˆ•’G‹Œ›Œ™”?•ŒšGˆ™ŒG•–›GŠ™?›?Šˆ“SGˆ•‹G›?ŒG iˆ•’G‹Œ›Œ™”?•ŒšG›?ˆ›G›?Œ™ŒGˆ™ŒG•–G?Œˆš?‰“ŒGˆ“›Œ™•ˆ›??ŒšG›–G›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›Gˆ•‹G ?›šG š?›?•?SG ˆ•‹G Š–”—™Œ?Œ•š??ŒG ˆ•ˆ“ š?šG ‹Œ”–•š›™ˆ›ŒšG ›?ˆ›G –?Œ™ˆ““G ‰Œ•Œ??›šG 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iˆ•’Gˆ•‹G?›šG”Œ”‰Œ™GŠ–œ•›™?ŒšGˆšG?Œ““GˆšG‰Œ›?ŒŒ•G›?ŒG‰–™™–?Œ™Gˆ•‹G–•ŒG–™G ”–™ŒG•Œ???‰–œ™?•?GŠ–œ•›™?ŒšUGh• G‹?š—œ›ŒG–?Œ™Gˆ•Gˆ™ŒˆG?•G???Š?GˆG—™–—–šŒ‹G —™–‘ŒŠ›G?šG“–Šˆ›Œ‹G™Œ˜œ?™ŒšG?–™”ˆ“G—™–ŠŒ‹œ™ŒšGˆ›G›?ŒGŒˆ™“?Œš›G—–šš?‰“ŒGš›ˆ?ŒUG {?ŒGiˆ•’Gˆ››Œ”—›šG›–GˆŠ˜œ?™ŒGˆššœ™ˆ•ŠŒG›?ˆ›G?›G”ˆ G—™–ŠŒŒ‹G??›?GˆG—™–‘ŒŠ›G ?•G ˆG ‹?š—œ›Œ‹G ˆ™ŒˆG ??G ›?ŒG ?–?Œ™•”Œ•›šG Š–•ŠŒ™•Œ‹G ˆ?™ŒŒG ›?ˆ›SG —Œ•‹?•?G ›?ŒG šŒ››“Œ”Œ•›G –?G ›?ŒG ‹?š—œ›ŒSG ›?ŒG —™–‘ŒŠ›G —™–—–šŒ‹G Šˆ•G ?–G ?–™?ˆ™‹G ??›?–œ›G —™Œ‘œ‹?ŠŒG›–G›?ŒGŠ“ˆ?”šG–?G›?ŒGŠ–œ•›™ G?ˆ??•?GˆG‹?š—œ›ŒUG{??šG—–“?Š G?šG•–›G ŒŸ—ŒŠ›Œ‹G ›–G ‰ŒG ›™???Œ™Œ‹G ‰ G šœ‰T—™–‘ŒŠ›šUG {??šG —–“?Š G ?šG œ•“?’Œ“ G ›–G ‰ŒG ›™???Œ™Œ‹G‰ Gšœ‰T—™–‘ŒŠ›šG›–G‰ŒG?œ•‹Œ‹G‰ G?zlwUG Page 75 76 h••ŒŸG{?–aG Gl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gz–Š?ˆ“GzŠ™ŒŒ•?•?Gm–™”G?–™GœšŒG ‰ Gt–l}{GG G {?ŒG l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ˆ•‹G z–Š?ˆ“G zŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G m–™”G OlzzmPG ?ˆšG ‰ŒŒ•G ‹Œš??•Œ‹G›–Gˆšš?š›G?•G›?ŒGŒ?ˆ“œˆ›?–•G–?G‹Œš??•G—™–—–šˆ“šG?–™G›?ŒG•Œ?G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GšŠ?––“GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•Gˆ•‹G™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G—™–?™ˆ”UG{?ŒG?–™”G ?šG ‹Œš??•Œ‹G ›–G —“ˆŠŒG ?•?–™”ˆ›?–•G ?•G ›?ŒG ?ˆ•‹šG –?G ?”—“Œ”Œ•›Œ™šG ˆ•‹G ™Œ??Œ?Œ™šG O?UŒUG ›?ŒG zŠ?––“G tˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G i–ˆ™‹šG ˆ•‹G k?š›™?Š›G l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G j––™‹?•ˆ›–™šPG š–G ›?ˆ›G ?”—ˆŠ›šG ˆ•‹G ›?Œ?™G ”?›??ˆ›?–•G ”Œˆšœ™ŒšSG ??G ˆ• SG Šˆ•G ‰ŒG ?‹Œ•›???Œ‹G ˆ•‹V–™G ›?ˆ›G ™Œ˜œ?™Œ”Œ•›šG ?–™G ?œ™›?Œ™GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ•ˆ“ š?šG‰ŒG‹Œ›Œ™”?•Œ‹UG G {?ŒGlzzmGŠ–•›ˆ?•šG?•?–™”ˆ›?–•G›?ˆ›G??““Gˆ““–?G™Œ??Œ?Œ™šG›–G‹Œ›Œ™”?•ŒG ›?ŒG Š?ˆ™ˆŠ›Œ™?¡ˆ›?–•G –?G ›?ŒG —™Œ?ˆ?“?•?G “–Šˆ“G ‰?–T—? š?Šˆ“G ˆ•‹G š–Š?ˆ“G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›G??›?G›?ŒGˆ?”G›–GˆššŒššG›?ŒG—–›Œ•›?ˆ“G—™–‘ŒŠ›G?”—ˆŠ›šG–•G ?›UG{?ŒGlzzmG??““Gˆ“š–G?‹Œ•›?? G—–›Œ•›?ˆ“Gš–Š?–TŒŠ–•–”?ŠG?”—ˆŠ›šG›?ˆ›G ??““G ™Œ˜œ?™ŒG ”?›??ˆ›?–•G ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG ˆ•‹G –™G ™ŒšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›G ˆ•‹G Š–”—Œ•šˆ›?–•UGGG G uˆ”ŒG–?G}?““ˆ?ŒV{–?•Vh™ŒˆG?•G???Š?GzŠ?––“G?šG›–G‰ŒG‰œ?“›aG uˆ”ŒG–?Gj–•›ˆŠ›GwŒ™š–•G–•GzŠ?––“Gi–ˆ™‹aG uˆ”ŒG–?Gk?š›™?Š›G??Œ™ŒGšŠ?––“G?šG›–G‰ŒG‰œ?“›aGG uˆ”ŒSG‘–‰G›?›“ŒSGˆ•‹GŠ–•›ˆŠ›G‹Œ›ˆ?“šG?–™G›?ŒG—Œ™š–•G??–G?šG™Œš—–•š?‰“ŒG ?–™G??““?•?G–œ›G›??šG?–™”UG uˆ”ŒaG q–‰G{?›“ŒaG {Œ“Œ—?–•ŒG•œ”‰Œ™aG mˆŸG•œ”‰Œ™aG lTtˆ?“Gˆ‹‹™ŒššaG kˆ›ŒaG z??•ˆ›œ™ŒaG G XUGi™?Œ?GzŠ?––“Vw™–‘ŒŠ›GkŒšŠ™?—›?–•GG w“ŒˆšŒG—™–??‹ŒG?•?–™”ˆ›?–•G–•G›?ŒG•œ”‰Œ™G–?Gš›œ‹Œ•›šG??–G??““Gˆ››Œ•‹G ›?ŒGšŠ?––“SG›?ŒG™ˆ•?ŒG–?G›?Œ?™Gˆ?ŒšSGˆ•‹G›?ŒGš›ˆ•‹ˆ™‹šG›?Œ G??““G‰ŒG?•SG ?•G ›?ŒG ?–““–??•?G  Œˆ™UG h“š–G —™–??‹ŒG ˆ™ŒˆG –?G ˆŠ˜œ?™Œ‹G “ˆ•‹G ˆ•‹G ˆ——™–Ÿ?”ˆ›ŒGš?¡ŒG–?G›–›ˆ“G‰œ?“‹?•?G?“––™Gˆ™ŒˆšUG G YUG{?ŒGuˆ›œ™ˆ“Gl•??™–•”Œ•›GGG OˆPGkŒšŠ™?‰ŒG›?ŒG“ˆ•‹G?–™”ˆ›?–•SG›–—–?™ˆ—? SG?Œ?Œ›ˆ›?–•G?•Vˆ‹‘ˆŠŒ•›G›–G ›?ŒGw™–‘ŒŠ›Gˆ™Œˆ††††††††††††††††††G Page 76 77 G O‰PGlš›?”ˆ›ŒGˆ•‹G?•‹?Šˆ›ŒG??Œ™ŒG?Œ?Œ›ˆ›?–•G”???›G•ŒŒ‹G›–G‰ŒGŠ“Œˆ™Œ‹GGGGG ††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††† ††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††† ††††††††††G G OŠPG h™ŒG ›?Œ™ŒG ˆ• G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ““ G šŒ•š?›??ŒG ˆ™ŒˆšG –™G ›?™Œˆ›Œ•Œ‹G š—ŒŠ?ŒšG Oš—ŒŠ?? G ‰Œ“–?PG ›?ˆ›G Š–œ“‹G ‰ŒG ˆ‹?Œ™šŒ“ G ˆ??ŒŠ›Œ‹G ‰ G ›?ŒG —™–‘ŒŠ›fGG O?PGp•›ˆŠ›G•ˆ›œ™ˆ“G?–™Œš›šGG€Œš††††††u–††††††G O??PGy??Œ™?•ŒG?–™Œš›G€Œš††††††u–††††††G O???PG ~Œ›“ˆ•‹šG O“ˆ’ŒšSG ™??Œ™šSG šŒˆš–•ˆ““ G ?•œ•‹ˆ›Œ‹G ˆ™ŒˆšPG €Œš††††††u–††††††G O??PG o–?G ?ˆ™G ˆ™ŒG ›?ŒG •Œˆ™Œš›G ~Œ›“ˆ•‹šOO“ˆ’ŒšSG ™??Œ™šSG šŒˆš–•ˆ““ G ?•œ•‹ˆ›Œ‹Gˆ™ŒˆšPfG††††††††††††††††††’”G O?PGoˆ‰?›ˆ›šG–?GŒ•‹ˆ•?Œ™Œ‹Gš—ŒŠ?ŒšG?–™G???Š?G—™–›ŒŠ›?–•G?šG™Œ˜œ?™Œ‹G œ•‹Œ™G {ˆ•¡ˆ•?ˆG “ˆ?G ˆ•‹V–™G ?•›Œ™•ˆ›?–•ˆ“G ˆ?™ŒŒ”Œ•›šUGG €Œš††††††u–††††††G O‹PGw™–›ŒŠ›Œ‹Gˆ™ŒˆšG k–ŒšG ›?ŒG šœ‰G —™–‘ŒŠ›G ˆ™ŒˆG O–™G Š–”—–•Œ•›šG –?G ›?ŒG —™–‘ŒŠ›PG –ŠŠœ™G ??›??•Vˆ‹‘ˆŠŒ•›G ›–G ˆ• G —™–›ŒŠ›Œ‹G ˆ™ŒˆšG ‹Œš??•ˆ›Œ‹G ‰ G ?–?Œ™•”Œ•›G O•ˆ›?–•ˆ“G—ˆ™’SG•ˆ›?–•ˆ“G™ŒšŒ™?ŒSG?–™“‹G?Œ™?›ˆ?ŒGš?›ŒGŒ›ŠUPG €Œš††††††u–††††††G p?G ›?ŒG —™–‘ŒŠ›G ?šG –œ›š?‹ŒG –?SG ‰œ›G Š“–šŒG ›–SG ˆ• G —™–›ŒŠ›Œ‹G ˆ™ŒˆSG ?šG ?›G “?’Œ“ G›–Gˆ‹?Œ™šŒ“ Gˆ??ŒŠ›G›?ŒGŒŠ–“–? G??›??•G›?ŒG—™–›ŒŠ›Œ‹Gˆ™ŒˆGˆ™ŒˆšG OŒU?USG?•›Œ™?Œ™Œ•ŠŒG??›?G›?ŒG”??™ˆ›?–•G™–œ›ŒšG–?G”ˆ””ˆ“šG–™G‰?™‹šPG €Œš††††††u–††††††G O??PGv›?Œ™šGO‹ŒšŠ™?‰ŒPUG€Œš††††††u–††††††GGG G p?G €Œš SG ›–G ˆ• G –•ŒG –?G ›?ŒG ˆ‰–?ŒSG ›?Š’G ›?ŒG ?–““–??•?G ‰–ŸŒšG ˆšG ˆ——™–—™?ˆ›ŒaG ƒ\03 {?ŒGl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gtˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›Gw“ˆ•GOltwPG?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G?•G›??šGšŠ?––“G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G Š–•›ˆ?•šG ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG ›–G šœ?›ˆ‰“ G ˆ‹‹™ŒššG ›?ŒšŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šG ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UGG ƒ\03 {?ŒGh™Š??›ŒŠ›œ™ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gl•??•ŒŒ™?•?G‹™ˆ??•?šSG?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G?•G›??šGšŠ?––“G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G Š–•›ˆ?•šG ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG ›–G šœ?›ˆ‰“ G ˆ‹‹™ŒššG ›?ŒšŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šG ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UG ƒ\03 {?ŒGw™–—–šŒ‹GŠ???“G?–™’šGŠ–•›™ˆŠ›G?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G?•G›??šGšŠ?––“Gˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G Š–•›ˆ?•šG”Œˆšœ™ŒšG›–Gšœ?›ˆ‰“ Gˆ‹‹™ŒššG›?ŒšŒG?”—ˆŠ›šGˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UG G ZUGy??Œ™šGˆ•‹Gsˆ’ŒšGlŠ–“–? GG Page 77 78 pšG›?Œ™ŒGˆG—–šš?‰?“?› G›?ˆ›SG‹œŒG›–GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•Gˆ•‹G–—Œ™ˆ›?–•G–?G›?ŒG —™–‘ŒŠ›SG ›?ŒG ™??Œ™G ˆ•‹G “ˆ’ŒG ŒŠ–“–? G ??““G ‰ŒG ˆ‹?Œ™šŒ“ G ˆ??ŒŠ›Œ‹fG h››Œ•›?–•G š?–œ“‹G ‰ŒG —ˆ?‹G ›–G ?ˆ›Œ™G ˜œˆ“?› G ˆ•‹G ˜œˆ•›?› bG ›?ŒG •ˆ›œ™ŒSG —™–‹œŠ›???› Gˆ•‹GœšŒG–?Gˆ˜œˆ›?ŠG?ˆ‰?›ˆ›šSGˆ•‹G?ˆ™?ˆ›?–•šG–?G›?ŒšŒG–?Œ™G ›?”ŒUG €Œš††††††u–††††††G G p?G €Œš SG›?Š’G›?ŒG?–““–??•?G‰–ŸŒšGˆšGˆ——™–—™?ˆ›ŒaG ƒ\03 {?ŒGl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gtˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›Gw“ˆ•GOltwPG?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G?•G›??šGšŠ?––“G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G Š–•›ˆ?•šG ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG ›–G šœ?›ˆ‰“ G ˆ‹‹™ŒššG ›?ŒšŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šG ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UGG ƒ\03 {?ŒGh™Š??›ŒŠ›œ™ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gl•??•ŒŒ™?•?G‹™ˆ??•?šSG?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G?•G›??šGšŠ?––“G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G Š–•›ˆ?•šG ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG ›–G šœ?›ˆ‰“ G ˆ‹‹™ŒššG ›?ŒšŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šG ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UG ƒ\03 {?ŒGw™–—–šŒ‹GŠ???“G?–™’šGŠ–•›™ˆŠ›G?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G?•G›??šGšŠ?––“Gˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G Š–•›ˆ?•šG”Œˆšœ™ŒšG›–Gšœ?›ˆ‰“ Gˆ‹‹™ŒššG›?ŒšŒG?”—ˆŠ›šGˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UG G [UGnŒ–“–? Gˆ•‹Gz–?“šGG iˆšŒ‹Gœ—–•G??šœˆ“G?•š—ŒŠ›?–•G–™Gˆ?ˆ?“ˆ‰“ŒG“?›Œ™ˆ›œ™ŒSGˆ™ŒG›?Œ™ŒGˆ™ŒˆšG –?G—–šš?‰“ŒG?Œ–“–??ŠG–™Gš–?“G?•š›ˆ‰?“?› GOŒ™–š?–•G—™–•ŒSG“ˆ•‹š“?‹ŒG—™–•ŒSG šœ‰š?‹Œ•ŠŒT—™–•ŒPfG €Œš††††††u–††††††G iˆšŒ‹Gœ—–•G??šœˆ“G?•š—ŒŠ›?–•G–™Gˆ?ˆ?“ˆ‰“ŒG“?›Œ™ˆ›œ™ŒSGˆ™ŒG›?Œ™ŒGˆ™ŒˆšG ›?ˆ›G?ˆ?ŒG™?š’šG–?G“ˆ™?ŒGšŠˆ“ŒG?•Š™ŒˆšŒG?•Gš–?“Gšˆ“?•?› fGG €Œš††††††u–††††††G G p?G €Œš SG ›–G ˆ• G –•ŒG –?G ›?ŒG ˆ‰–?ŒSG ›?Š’G ›?ŒG ?–““–??•?G ‰–ŸŒšG ˆšG ˆ——™–—™?ˆ›ŒaG ƒ\03 {?ŒGl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gtˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›Gw“ˆ•GOltwPG?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G?•G›??šGšŠ?––“G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G Š–•›ˆ?•šG ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG ›–G šœ?›ˆ‰“ G ˆ‹‹™ŒššG ›?ŒšŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šG ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UGG ƒ\03 {?ŒGh™Š??›ŒŠ›œ™ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gl•??•ŒŒ™?•?G‹™ˆ??•?šSG?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G?•G›??šGšŠ?––“G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G Š–•›ˆ?•šG ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG ›–G šœ?›ˆ‰“ G ˆ‹‹™ŒššG ›?ŒšŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šG ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UG ƒ\03 {?ŒG w™–—–šŒ‹G Š???“G ?–™’šG Š–•›™ˆŠ›G ?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G ?•G ›??šG šŠ?––“G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G Š–•›ˆ?•šG ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG ›–G šœ?›ˆ‰“ G ˆ‹‹™ŒššG ›?ŒšŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šG ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UG G \UGsˆ•‹šŠˆ—ŒVˆŒš›?Œ›?ŠšG pšG ›?Œ™ŒG ˆG —–šš?‰?“?› G ›?ˆ›G ›?ŒG šŠ?––“G ??““G ˆ‹?Œ™šŒ“ G ˆ??ŒŠ›G ›?ŒG ˆŒš›?Œ›?ŠGˆ››™ˆŠ›??Œ•ŒššG–?G›?ŒG“–Šˆ“G“ˆ•‹šŠˆ—ŒfG Page 78 79 €Œš††††††u–††††††G G p?G €Œš SG›?Š’G›?ŒG?–““–??•?G‰–ŸŒšGˆšGˆ——™–—™?ˆ›ŒaG ƒ\03 {?ŒGl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gtˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›Gw“ˆ•GOltwPG?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G?•G›??šGšŠ?––“G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G Š–•›ˆ?•šG ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG ›–G šœ?›ˆ‰“ G ˆ‹‹™ŒššG ›?ŒšŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šG ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UGG ƒ\03 {?ŒGh™Š??›ŒŠ›œ™ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gl•??•ŒŒ™?•?G‹™ˆ??•?šSG?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G?•G›??šGšŠ?––“G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G Š–•›ˆ?•šG ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG ›–G šœ?›ˆ‰“ G ˆ‹‹™ŒššG ›?ŒšŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šG ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UG ƒ\03 {?ŒG w™–—–šŒ‹G Š???“G ?–™’šG Š–•›™ˆŠ›G ?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G ?•G ›??šG šŠ?––“G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G Š–•›ˆ?•šG ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG ›–G šœ?›ˆ‰“ G ˆ‹‹™ŒššG ›?ŒšŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šG ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UG G ]UGo?š›–™?Šˆ“SGˆ™Š?ˆŒ–“–??Šˆ“G–™GŠœ“›œ™ˆ“G?Œ™?›ˆ?ŒGš?›ŒUG G iˆšŒ‹G–•Gˆ?ˆ?“ˆ‰“ŒGš–œ™ŠŒšSGŠ–•šœ“›ˆ›?–•G??›?G“–Šˆ“Gˆœ›?–™?›?ŒšSG“–Šˆ“G ’•–?“Œ‹?ŒGˆ•‹V–™G–‰šŒ™?ˆ›?–•šSGŠ–œ“‹G›?ŒGšŠ?––“Gˆ“›Œ™Gˆ• G??š›–™?Šˆ“SG ˆ™Š?ˆŒ–“–??Šˆ“G –™G Šœ“›œ™ˆ“G ?Œ™?›ˆ?ŒG š?›ŒG –™G ™Œ˜œ?™ŒG ŒŸŠˆ?ˆ›?–•G •Œˆ™G šˆ”ŒfG €Œš††††††u–††††††G G p?G €Œš SG›?Š’G›?ŒG?–““–??•?G‰–ŸŒšGˆšGˆ——™–—™?ˆ›ŒaG ƒ\03 {?ŒGl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gtˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›Gw“ˆ•GOltwPG?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G?•G›??šGšŠ?––“G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G Š–•›ˆ?•šG ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG ›–G šœ?›ˆ‰“ G ˆ‹‹™ŒššG ›?ŒšŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šG ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UGG ƒ\03 {?ŒGh™Š??›ŒŠ›œ™ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gl•??•ŒŒ™?•?G‹™ˆ??•?šSG?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G?•G›??šGšŠ?––“G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G Š–•›ˆ?•šG ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG ›–G šœ?›ˆ‰“ G ˆ‹‹™ŒššG ›?ŒšŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šG ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UG ƒ\03 {?ŒG —™–—–šŒ‹G Š???“G ?–™’šG Š–•›™ˆŠ›G ?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G ?•G ›??šG šŠ?––“G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G Š–•›ˆ?•šG ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG ›–G šœ?›ˆ‰“ G ˆ‹‹™ŒššG ›?ŒšŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šG ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UG G ^UGyŒšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›Gˆ•‹V–™Gsˆ•‹GhŠ˜œ?š?›?–•GGG GG ~?““G ?•?–“œ•›ˆ™ G ™ŒšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›SG “ˆ•‹G ˆŠ˜œ?š?›?–•SG –™G “–ššSG ‹Œ•?ˆ“G –™G ™Œš›™?Š›?–•G–?GˆŠŠŒššG›–G“ˆ•‹Gˆ•‹G–›?Œ™GŒŠ–•–”?ŠG™Œš–œ™ŠŒšG‰ŒGŠˆœšŒ‹G ‰ G—™–‘ŒŠ›G?”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•fG G €Œš††††††u–††††††G G p?G €Œš Gp•?–“œ•›ˆ™ GyŒšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›GvwG[UXYG?šG›™???Œ™Œ‹UGw“ŒˆšŒG™Œ?Œ™G Page 79 80 ›–GywmG?–™Gˆ——™–—™?ˆ›ŒG”?›??ˆ›?–•G”Œˆšœ™ŒšG›–G‰ŒG›ˆ’Œ•UGG G _UGs–ššG–?Gj™–—šSGm™œ?›G{™ŒŒšGˆ•‹Go–œšŒ?–“‹Gp•?™ˆš›™œŠ›œ™ŒG ~?““G›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›G™Œšœ“›G?•G›?ŒG—Œ™”ˆ•Œ•›G–™G›Œ”—–™ˆ™ G“–ššG–?GŠ™–—šSG ?™œ?›G›™ŒŒšGˆ•‹G?–œšŒ?–“‹G?•?™ˆTš›™œŠ›œ™ŒGOšœŠ?GˆšG?™ˆ•ˆ™?ŒšSG–œ›š?‹ŒG ›–?“Œ›šGˆ•‹G’?›Š?Œ•šSGŒ›ŠPfG G €Œš†††u–†††††G G p?G €Œš SG›?Š’G›?ŒG?–““–??•?G‰–ŸŒšGˆšGˆ——™–—™?ˆ›ŒaG ƒ\03 {?ŒG l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G tˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G w“ˆ•G OltwPG ?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G ?•G ›??šG šŠ?––“G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G Š–•›ˆ?•šG ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG ›–G šœ?›ˆ‰“ G ˆ‹‹™ŒššG ›?ŒšŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šGˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UGG ƒ\03 {?ŒG h™Š??›ŒŠ›œ™ˆ“G ˆ•‹G l•??•ŒŒ™?•?G ‹™ˆ??•?šSG ?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G ?•G ›??šG šŠ?––“G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G Š–•›ˆ?•šG ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG ›–G šœ?›ˆ‰“ G ˆ‹‹™ŒššG ›?ŒšŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šGˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UG ƒ\03 {?ŒG —™–—–šŒ‹G Š???“G ?–™’šG Š–•›™ˆŠ›G ?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G ?•G ›??šG šŠ?––“G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•GŠ–•›ˆ?•šG”Œˆšœ™ŒšG›–Gšœ?›ˆ‰“ Gˆ‹‹™ŒššG›?ŒšŒG?”—ˆŠ›šG ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UG G `UGGu–?šŒG—–““œ›?–•G‹œ™?•?Gj–•š›™œŠ›?–•Gˆ•‹Gv—Œ™ˆ›?–•šUG ~?““G›?ŒG–—Œ™ˆ›?•?G•–?šŒG“Œ?Œ“GŒŸŠŒŒ‹G›?ŒGˆ““–?ˆ‰“ŒG•–?šŒG“?”?›šfG G €Œš†††u–†††††G G p?G €Œš SG›?Š’G›?ŒG?–““–??•?G‰–ŸŒšGˆšGˆ——™–—™?ˆ›ŒaG ƒ\03 {?ŒG l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G tˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G w“ˆ•G OltwPG ?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G ?•G ›??šG šŠ?––“Gˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•GŠ–•›ˆ?•šG”Œˆšœ™ŒšG›–Gšœ?›ˆ‰“ Gˆ‹‹™ŒššG›?ŒšŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šGˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UGG ƒ\03 {?ŒGh™Š??›ŒŠ›œ™ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gl•??•ŒŒ™?•?G‹™ˆ??•?šSG?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G?•G›??šG šŠ?––“Gˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•GŠ–•›ˆ?•šG”Œˆšœ™ŒšG›–Gšœ?›ˆ‰“ Gˆ‹‹™ŒššG›?ŒšŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šGˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UG ƒ\03 {?ŒG —™–—–šŒ‹G Š???“G ?–™’šG Š–•›™ˆŠ›G ?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G ?•G ›??šG šŠ?––“G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G Š–•›ˆ?•šG ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG ›–G šœ?›ˆ‰“ G ˆ‹‹™ŒššG ›?ŒšŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šGˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UG G XXUGGz–“?‹G–™Gs?˜œ?‹G~ˆš›ŒšUG ~?““G›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›G?Œ•Œ™ˆ›ŒGš–“?‹G–™G“?˜œ?‹G?ˆš›ŒšfG G €Œš††††GGu–†††G G Page 80 81 p?G €Œš SG›?Š’G›?ŒG?–““–??•?G‰–ŸŒšGˆšGˆ——™–—™?ˆ›ŒaG ƒ\03 {?ŒGl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gtˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›Gw“ˆ•GOltwPG?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G?•G›??šGšŠ?––“G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G Š–•›ˆ?•šG ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG ›–G šœ?›ˆ‰“ G ˆ‹‹™ŒššG ›?ŒšŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šG ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UGG ƒ\03 {?ŒGh™Š??›ŒŠ›œ™ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gl•??•ŒŒ™?•?G‹™ˆ??•?šSG?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G?•G›??šGšŠ?––“G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G Š–•›ˆ?•šG ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG ›–G šœ?›ˆ‰“ G ˆ‹‹™ŒššG ›?ŒšŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šG ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UG ƒ\03 {?ŒG —™–—–šŒ‹G Š???“G ?–™’šG Š–•›™ˆŠ›G ?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G ?•G ›??šG šŠ?––“G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G Š–•›ˆ?•šG ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG ›–G šœ?›ˆ‰“ G ˆ‹‹™ŒššG ›?ŒšŒG ?”—ˆŠ›šG ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ UG G XYUGGwœ‰“?ŠGj–•šœ“›ˆ›?–•G oˆšG—œ‰“?ŠGŠ–•šœ“›ˆ›?–•Gˆ•‹G—ˆ™›?Š?—ˆ›?–•G‰ŒŒ•Gš–œ??›fG G €Œš††††GGu–†††G G p?G €Œš SG‹ŒšŠ™?‰ŒG‰™?Œ?“ G›?ŒG”Œˆšœ™ŒšG›ˆ’Œ•G›–G›??šGŒ??ŒŠ›UG G G jly{pmpjh{pvuG G ~ŒG ŠŒ™›?? G ›?ˆ›G ?ŒG ?ˆ?ŒG ›?–™–œ??“ G ŒŸˆ”?•Œ‹G ˆ““G ›?ŒG —–›Œ•›?ˆ“G ˆ‹?Œ™šŒGŒ??ŒŠ›šG–?G›??šGšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GšŠ?––“Gˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•UG{–G›?ŒG‰Œš›G–?G –œ™G’•–?“Œ‹?ŒSG›?ŒG—™–—–šŒ‹GšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GšŠ?––“GˆšG‹ŒšŠ™?‰Œ‹G?•G›?ŒG ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•Gˆ•‹Gˆ——Œ•‹Œ‹G‹Œš??•G™Œ—–™›šGOŒU?UGltwSGyhwSGŠ–”—“Œ›Œ‹G šŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G?–™”SG—™–—–šŒ‹GŠ???“G?–™’šGŠ–•›™ˆŠ›SGŒ›ŠUGPSG??Gˆ• SG??““G‰ŒG ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›ŒG›–Gˆ?–?‹G–™G”?•?”?¡ŒGˆ““Gˆ‹?Œ™šŒGŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gš–Š?ˆ“G ?”—ˆŠ›šUG yŒ—™ŒšŒ•›ˆ›??ŒG –?G zŠ?––“G i–ˆ™‹G G Oš??•ˆ›œ™ŒPaG UU G zŒ™??ŠŒGw™–??‹Œ™GOš??•ˆ›œ™ŒPaGG UUG G kˆ›ŒaG G G mvyGvmmpjphsG|zlGvus€G {?ŒG zŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G zŠ?––“G h——“?Šˆ›?–•G Šˆ•G ‰ŒG Š–•š?‹Œ™Œ‹G ?–™G ˆ——™–?ˆ“UG {?ŒG ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G ?šG Š–”—“Œ›ŒSG ˆ““G š??•???Šˆ•›G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G –™G š–Š?ˆ“G ?ššœŒšGˆ™ŒG™Œš–“?Œ‹SGˆ•‹G•–G?œ™›?Œ™Gšœ‰—™–‘ŒŠ›G—“ˆ••?•?G?šG™Œ˜œ?™Œ‹UG GG hG??Œ“‹Gˆ——™ˆ?šˆ“G?šG™Œ˜œ?™Œ‹UG Page 81 82 u–›ŒaGhG??Œ“‹Gˆ——™ˆ?šˆ“G”œš›G‰ŒGŠˆ™™?Œ‹G–œ›G??G›?ŒGšŠ?––“Gˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•aG ƒ\03 ½GGuŒŒ‹šG›–GˆŠ˜œ?™ŒG“ˆ•‹SG–™Gˆ•G?•‹???‹œˆ“G–™GŠ–””œ•?›  šGˆŠŠŒššG›–G “ˆ•‹G–™Gˆ?ˆ?“ˆ‰“ŒG™Œš–œ™ŠŒšG?šGˆ??ŒŠ›Œ‹G–™GŠ?ˆ•?Œ‹SG–™Gˆ• G?•‹???‹œˆ“G –™G?ˆ”?“ G?šG‹?š—“ˆŠŒ‹G ƒ\03 ½GGl•Š™–ˆŠ?ŒšG–•›–Gˆ•G?”—–™›ˆ•›G•ˆ›œ™ˆ“G?ˆ‰?›ˆ›SG™Œš›™?Š›šGˆŠŠŒššG›–G ™Œš–œ™ŠŒšG ??›??•G ›?ˆ›G ˆ™ŒˆSG –™G ”ˆ G ˆ??ŒŠ›G ŒŠ–“–??Šˆ““ G šŒ•š?›??ŒG ŒŠ–š š›Œ”šGOŒU?UG™??Œ™šSGš›™Œˆ”šSG?Œ›“ˆ•‹šPG ƒ\03 ½GGp•?–“?ŒšSG–™G™Œšœ“›šG?•aGˆPG‹??Œ™š?–•G–™GœšŒG–?Gšœ™?ˆŠŒG?ˆ›Œ™šbG‰PG Š–•š›™œŠ›?–•G ˆ•‹V–™G ™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G –?G “ˆ›™?•ŒšSG šŒ—›?ŠG –™G šŒ?ˆ?ŒG š š›Œ”šbGŠPG—™–‹œŠ›?–•G–?G?ˆš›ŒGOŒU?UGš“ˆœ??›Œ™?–œšŒG?ˆš›ŒSG”Œ‹?Šˆ“G ?ˆš›ŒSGŒ›ŠPbG‹PG•Œ?G–™G™Œ‰œ?“›G‹™ˆ?•ˆ?ŒGš š›Œ”šbG–™GŒPG™ŒšŒ™?–?™šG–™G ?ˆ›Œ™G—–?•›šUG G {?ŒG?–““–??•?G?ššœŒšG•ŒŒ‹G›–G‰ŒGŠ“ˆ™???Œ‹Gˆ›G›?ŒGšŠ?––“Gš?›ŒaG UU UUUUG hGm?Œ“‹Gh——™ˆ?šˆ“G™Œ—–™›G??““G‰ŒGŠ–”—“Œ›Œ‹Gˆ•‹Gˆ‹‹Œ‹G›–G›?ŒGšŠ?––“G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•GG??“ŒUG G uˆ”ŒG–?Gs–Šˆ“Gt–l}{GO—™?•›PaGG UG z??•ˆ›œ™ŒaG UUGG kˆ›ŒaG UUG G G G G G G Page 82 83 h••ŒŸG{?™ŒŒaG l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ˆ•‹G z–Š?ˆ“G h——™ˆ?šˆ“G m–™”G ?–™G |šŒG ‰ GkŒ—›G–?Gsˆ•‹šG G {?ŒG l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ˆ•‹G z–Š?ˆ“G h——™ˆ?šˆ“G m–™”G OlzhmPG ?ˆšG ‰ŒŒ•G ‹Œš??•Œ‹G›–Gˆšš?š›G?•G›?ŒGŒ?ˆ“œˆ›?–•G–?G‹Œš??•G—™–—–šˆ“šG?–™G›?ŒG•Œ?G šŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GšŠ?––“GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•Gˆ•‹G™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G—™–?™ˆ”UG{?ŒG?–™”G ?šG‹Œš??•Œ‹G›–G—“ˆŠŒG?•?–™”ˆ›?–•G?•G›?ŒG?ˆ•‹šG–?G›?ŒGtvl}{Gš–G›?ˆ›G šŠ?––“G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•šG ?–™G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G ˆ•‹G š–Š?ˆ“G Š“Œˆ™ˆ•ŠŒG Šˆ•G ‰ŒG ™Œ??Œ?Œ‹Gˆ•‹GŠ“Œˆ™Œ‹UG G {?ŒGlzhmGŠ–•›ˆ?•šG?•?–™”ˆ›?–•G›?ˆ›G??““Gˆ““–?G™Œ??Œ?Œ™šG›–G‹Œ›Œ™”?•ŒG ›?ŒG Š?ˆ™ˆŠ›Œ™?¡ˆ›?–•G –?G ›?ŒG —™Œ?ˆ?“?•?G “–Šˆ“G š–Š?ˆ“G ˆ•‹G ‰?–T—? š?Šˆ“G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›G??›?G›?ŒGˆ?”G›–GˆššŒššG›?ŒG—–›Œ•›?ˆ“G—™–‘ŒŠ›G?”—ˆŠ›šG–•G ?›UG{?ŒGlzhmG??““Gˆ“š–G?‹Œ•›?? G—–›Œ•›?ˆ“Gš–Š?–TŒŠ–•–”?ŠG?”—ˆŠ›šG›?ˆ›G ??““G ™Œ˜œ?™ŒG ”?›??ˆ›?–•G ”Œˆšœ™ŒšG ˆ•‹G –™G ™ŒšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›G ˆ•‹G Š–”—Œ•šˆ›?–•UGGG zŠ?––“Gh——“?Šˆ›?–•Guœ”‰Œ™a UUG G G wˆ™›GXaGp‹Œ•›???Šˆ›?–•G G XUG zŠ?––“Guˆ”ŒaGG YUG zŠ?––“Gs–Šˆ›?–•aGG ZUG yŒˆš–•G?–™Gm?Œ“‹Gh——™ˆ?šˆ“aG [UG kˆ›ŒOšPG–?Gm?Œ“‹Gh——™ˆ?šˆ“aG \UG m?Œ“‹Gh——™ˆ?šˆ“Gv???ŠŒ™Gˆ•‹Gh‹‹™ŒššaG ]UG zŒ™??ŠŒGw™–??‹Œ™GyŒ—™ŒšŒ•›ˆ›??ŒGˆ•‹Gh‹‹™ŒššaG ^UG zŠ?––“Gi–ˆ™‹GyŒ—™ŒšŒ•›ˆ›??ŒGˆ•‹Gh‹‹™ŒššaG G wˆ™›GYaGkŒšŠ™?—›?–•G–?G›?ŒGzŠ?––“Gh——“?Šˆ›?–•G _UG zŠ?––“G h——“?Šˆ›?–•G kŒ›ˆ?“šaG w™–??‹ŒG ‹Œ›ˆ?“šG ›?ˆ›G ˆ™ŒG •–›G ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ G—™ŒšŒ•›Œ‹G?•G›?ŒGšŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GšŠ?––“GGˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•UGp?G•ŒŒ‹Œ‹G ›–GŠ“ˆ™?? GšŠ?––“Gˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G‹Œ›ˆ?“šSGˆ››ˆŠ?Gš’Œ›Š?ŒšG–?G›?ŒGšœ‰—™–‘ŒŠ›G Š–”—–•Œ•›OšPG?•G™Œ“ˆ›?–•G›–G›?ŒGŠ–””œ•?› Gˆ•‹G›–GŒŸ?š›?•?G?ˆŠ?“?›?ŒšG G wˆ™›GZaGl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ•‹Gz–Š?ˆ“GpššœŒšG G `UG~?““G›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›aGG G G G G G G G G uŒŒ‹G›–GˆŠ˜œ?™ŒG“ˆ•‹fG€Œš Gu– UG h??ŒŠ›Gˆ•G?•‹???‹œˆ“G–™G›?ŒGŠ–””œ•?›  šGˆŠŠŒššG›–G“ˆ•‹G–™Gˆ?ˆ?“ˆ‰“ŒG ™Œš–œ™ŠŒšfGG Page 83 84 GGGG €Œš Gu– UG k?š—“ˆŠŒG–™G™Œšœ“›G?•G›?ŒG?•?–“œ•›ˆ™ G™ŒšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›G–?Gˆ•G?•‹???‹œˆ“G–™G ?ˆ”?“ fG €Œš Gu– UG G p?G €Œš SG›?Š’G–•ŒG–?G›?ŒG?–““–??•?G‰–ŸŒšaG ƒ\03 {?ŒG yŒšŒ››“Œ”Œ•›G hŠ›?–•G w“ˆ•G OyhwPG ?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G ?•G ›?ŒG šœ‰—™–‘ŒŠ›G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G?šGˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›ŒUGu–G?œ™›?Œ™GˆŠ›?–•G™Œ˜œ?™Œ‹UG ƒ\03 {?ŒG yhwG?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G ?•G›?ŒG šœ‰—™–‘ŒŠ›G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G ”œš›G ‰ŒG?”—™–?Œ‹G ‰Œ?–™ŒG›?ŒGˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•GŠˆ•G‰ŒGŠ–•š?‹Œ™Œ‹G?œ™›?Œ™UG ƒ\03 hGyhwG”œš›G‰ŒG—™Œ—ˆ™Œ‹Gˆ•‹Gˆ——™–?Œ‹G‰Œ?–™ŒG›?ŒGˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•GŠˆ•G‰ŒG Š–•š?‹Œ™Œ‹G?œ™›?Œ™UG G XWUG~?““G›?ŒG—™–‘ŒŠ›aGG l•Š™–ˆŠ?G–•›–Gˆ•G?”—–™›ˆ•›G•ˆ›œ™ˆ“G?ˆ‰?›ˆ›fG€Œš Gu– UG uŒ?ˆ›??Œ“ Gˆ??ŒŠ›GŒŠ–“–??Šˆ““ GšŒ•š?›??ŒGŒŠ–š š›Œ”šfG€Œš Gu– UG G p?G €Œš SG›?Š’G–•ŒG–?G›?ŒG?–““–??•?G‰–ŸŒšaG ƒ\03 {?ŒGl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gtˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›Gw“ˆ•GOltwPG?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G?•G›?ŒGšŠ?––“G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G?šGˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›ŒUGu–G?œ™›?Œ™GˆŠ›?–•G™Œ˜œ?™Œ‹UG ƒ\03 {?ŒGltwG?•Š“œ‹Œ‹G?•G›?ŒGšŠ?––“Gˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G”œš›G‰ŒG?”—™–?Œ‹G‰Œ?–™ŒG 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ˆ•‹G”ŒŒ›šG›?ŒG™Œ˜œ?™Œ”Œ•›šG–?Gl•??™–•”Œ•›GhŠ›SG?•G?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™Gˆ•‹G›?ŒG ~–™“‹Giˆ•’Gvw[UWXG G mœ™›?Œ™G šœ‰—™–‘ŒŠ›G —™Œ—ˆ™ˆ›?–•G ?–™’G ?šG ™Œ˜œ?™Œ‹G ‰Œ?–™ŒG ›?ŒG ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•GŠˆ•G‰ŒG Š–•š?‹Œ™Œ‹G?œ™›?Œ™UG G {?ŒG??Œ“‹Gˆ——™ˆ?šˆ“G?ˆšG?‹Œ•›???Œ‹GŒ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gˆ•‹V–™Gš–Š?ˆ“G?ššœŒšG ›?ˆ›G?ˆ?ŒG•–›G‰ŒŒ•G ˆ‹Œ˜œˆ›Œ“ G ˆ‹‹™ŒššŒ‹UG {?ŒG ?–““–??•?G ?–™’G •ŒŒ‹šG ›–G ‰ŒG œ•‹Œ™›ˆ’Œ•G ‰Œ?–™ŒG?œ™›?Œ™GŠ–•š?‹Œ™ˆ›?–•G–?G›?ŒGˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•aG ††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††† ††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††† ††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††† †††††††††††††††G G h““G ™Œ˜œ?™Œ‹G ‹–Šœ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G šœŠ?G ˆšG ˆ•G ˆ”Œ•‹Œ‹G ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•SG ltwSG Page 85 86 yhwSGzŠ™ŒŒ•?•?Gm–™”šSG‹™ˆ?›Gj???“G?–™’šGŠ–•›™ˆŠ›šSGŒ›ŠUSG??““G‰ŒGˆ‹‹Œ‹G ›–G›?ŒGšŠ?––“Gˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•G—ˆŠ’ˆ?ŒG‰Œ?–™ŒG?›G?šGŠ–•š?‹Œ™Œ‹G?œ™›?Œ™UG G uˆ”ŒG –?G s–Šˆ“G n–?Œ™•”Œ•›G hœ›?–™?› G ‹Œš??•ˆ›Œ‹G š›ˆ??G UG z??•ˆ›œ™ŒaGG UUGG G kˆ›ŒaG UUG G RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRG G kŒš??•ˆ›?–•G –?G l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ““ G zŒ•š?›??ŒG h™ŒˆšG Olzh šPG ˆ•‹G lŠ–š š›Œ”šG G ƒ\03 h™ŒˆšG —™–•ŒG ›–G •ˆ›œ™ˆ“G ‹?šˆš›Œ™šG O?Œ–“–??Šˆ“G ?ˆ¡ˆ™‹šSG ?“––‹šSG ™ˆ?•G š›–™”šSGŒˆ™›?˜œˆ’ŒšSG“ˆ•‹š“?‹ŒšSG?–“Šˆ•?ŠGˆŠ›???› SGŒ›ŠUPG ƒ\03 ~Œ›“ˆ•‹šaGOGm“––‹G—“ˆ?•šUGz?ˆ”—šSG“ˆ’ŒšSG™??Œ™šSGŒ›ŠUPG?ˆ›Œ™G‰–‹?ŒšUG ƒ\03 h™ŒˆšGšœšŠŒ—›?‰“ŒG›–GŒ™–š?–•GŒU?UGOˆPG??““ Gˆ™ŒˆšG??›?GŠ™?›?Šˆ“Gš“–—ŒšG ˆ•‹GO‰PGœ•—™–›ŒŠ›Œ‹G–™G‰ˆ™ŒG“ˆ•‹šUG ƒ\03 h™ŒˆšG–?G?”—–™›ˆ•ŠŒG›–G›?™Œˆ›Œ•Œ‹GŠœ“›œ™ˆ“G?™–œ—šUG ƒ\03 h™ŒˆšG??›?G™ˆ™ŒVŒ•‹ˆ•?Œ™Œ‹V–™G›?™Œˆ›Œ•Œ‹G—“ˆ•›šGˆ•‹Gˆ•?”ˆ“šUG ƒ\03 h™ŒˆšG –?G œ•?˜œŒG š–Š?–TŠœ“›œ™ˆ“SG ??š›–™?ŠG ˆ™Š?ˆŒ–“–??Šˆ“SG šŠ?Œ•›???ŠSG ›–œ™?š›Gˆ™ŒˆšUG ƒ\03 w–““œ›Œ‹Gˆ™ŒˆšUG ƒ\03 h™ŒˆGšœ‰‘ŒŠ›G›–G‹ŒšŒ™›???Šˆ›?–•Gˆ•‹G‰œš?G??™ŒšUG ƒ\03 j–ˆš›ˆ“Gˆ™ŒˆšGˆ•‹Gtˆ™?•ŒGŒŠ–š š›Œ”šUSGšœŠ?GˆšGŠ–™ˆ“G™ŒŒ?šSGpš“ˆ•‹šSG “ˆ?––•šG ˆ•‹G Œš›œˆ™?ŒšSG Š–•›?•Œ•›ˆ“G š?Œ“?ŒšSG ‰ŒˆŠ?G ?™–•›šG ˆ•‹G ?•›Œ™G ›?‹ˆ“G¡–•ŒšUGG ƒ\03 h™ŒˆšG ‹ŒŠ“ˆ™Œ‹G ˆšSG •ˆ›?–•ˆ“G —ˆ™’šSG ?ˆ›Œ™G š?Œ‹G ™ŒšŒ™?ŒšSG ?–™Œš›G ™ŒšŒ™?ŒšSG ??“‹“??ŒG ™ŒšŒ™?ŒšG ˆ•‹G šˆ•Š›œˆ™?ŒšSG šˆŠ™Œ‹G ˆ™ŒˆšG ??“‹“??ŒG Š–™™?‹–™šGˆ•‹G?–›Gš—™?•?Gˆ™ŒˆšUG ƒ\03 t–œ•›ˆ?•–œšG ˆ™ŒˆšSG ?ˆ›Œ™G Šˆ›Š?”Œ•›G ˆ™ŒˆšG ˆ•‹G ™ŒŠ?ˆ™?ŒG ˆ™ŒˆšG –?G ˆ˜œ??Œ™šUG ƒ\03 h™ŒˆšGŠ“ˆšš???Œ‹GˆšG—™?”ŒGˆ?™?Šœ“›œ™ˆ“G“ˆ•‹šG–™G™ˆ•?ŒG“ˆ•‹šUG ƒ\03 n™ŒŒ•G‰Œ“›šG–™G—œ‰“?ŠG–—Œ•Gš—ˆŠŒšG?•Gœ™‰ˆ•Gˆ™ŒˆšUG iœ™?ˆ“G š?›ŒšG ˆ•‹G ?™ˆ?ŒšU Page 86 87 h••ŒŸGm–œ™GaGw™–ŠŒ‹œ™ŒG?–™G—™–‘ŒŠ›GšŠ™ŒŒ•?•?Gœ•‹Œ™G›?ŒGz›–•ŒG{–?•G kŒ?Œ“–—”Œ•›Gˆ•‹Gj–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•Ghœ›?–™?› G {??šG ?šG ›?ŒG hœ›?–™?› G Š?ˆ™?Œ‹G ??›?G ™Œš—–•š?‰?“?› G ?–™G ™Œ?œ“ˆ›?•?G ˆ““G ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G ˆ•‹G ™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G ?–™’šG ??›??•G ›?ŒG z›–•ŒG {–?•UG p›G ?šG ›?œšGŠ™œŠ?ˆ“G›–G›?ŒG?zlwGš?•ŠŒG›?™ŒŒGšŠ?––“šG??›??•Gz›–•ŒG{–?•bGTG {œ”Œ’œ‘ˆSG oˆ”ˆ”•?G ˆ•‹G m–™–‹?ˆ•?G ˆ™ŒG ›ˆ™?Œ›Œ‹G ?™–G ™Œ?ˆ‰?“?›ˆ›?–•G œ•‹Œ™G ?zlwUG {?ŒG ˆœ›?–™?› G ?ˆšG ˆG š›™?•?Œ•›G š š›Œ”G ?–™G ?Œ››?•?G ‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›šG ??›?G ›?ŒG z›–•ŒG {–?•G ›–G Œ•šœ™ŒG šˆ?Œ?œˆ™‹?•?G ›?ŒG ??š›–™?Šˆ“G?Œˆ“›?G–?G›?ŒGˆ™ŒˆUGz›–•ŒG{–?•G‹ŒŠ“ˆ™Œ‹G›–G~–™“‹GoŒ™?›ˆ?ŒG z?›ŒG?•GYWWWUp›G?šG›?œšGŠ–•šŒ™?Œ‹Gœ•‹Œ™Gp•›Œ™•ˆ›?–•ˆ“Gz›ˆ•‹ˆ™‹šUG{?ŒG —™–ŠŒ‹œ™ŒG?•?–“?ŒšGŠ™?›?Šˆ“Gš›Œ—šGˆšG?–““–?šbTGG G O?PG h——“?Šˆ›?–•G ?•G ?™?›?•?G ›–G ›?ŒG k?™ŒŠ›–™G ›?™–œ??G ›?ŒG z?Œ?ˆT O›?Œ™ŒGˆ™ŒG???ŒGz?Œ?ˆšGœ•‹Œ™Gz›–•ŒG{–?•PUGh——“?Šˆ•›Gš?–œ“‹G ˆ››ˆŠ?G–?•Œ™š??—G‹–Šœ”Œ•›šGOsŒˆšŒG–?Gz›™œŠ›œ™ŒSG{?›“ŒGkŒŒ‹SG zˆ“ŒG kŒŒ‹PG ‰œ›G ??Œ™ŒG •–›G ˆ?ˆ?“ˆ‰“ŒSG ›?ŒG z?Œ?ˆG Œ•‹–™šŒšG ˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•UG O??PG h——“?Šˆ›?–•G“Œ››Œ™Gš?–œ“‹G‹Œ›ˆ?“G›?ŒG–——–šŒ‹G™Œ•–?ˆ›?–•šGˆ•‹G ??G—™–—–šŒ‹G™Œ•–?ˆ›?–•G?•?–“?ŒšGŠ?ˆ•??•?G–?GŒŸ?š›?•?G?ˆŠ?“?› SG w“ˆ•šG–?G›?ŒGŒŸ?š›?•?G?ˆŠ?“?› Gˆ•‹G—™–—–šŒ‹GŠ?ˆ•?ŒšGš?–œ“‹G‰ŒG ?œ™•?š?Œ‹UG k™ˆ??•?šG š?–œ“‹G —™Œ?Œ™ˆ‰“ G ‰ŒG ”ˆ‹ŒG ˆ?›Œ™G Š–•šœ“›ˆ›?–•G??›?G›?ŒGhœ›?–™?› UGG O???PG {?ŒGˆ——“?Šˆ›?–•Gˆ•‹G‹™ˆ??•?šGˆ™ŒGšŠ™œ›?•?¡Œ‹G‰ GˆG{ŒŠ?•?Šˆ“G j–””?››ŒŒGˆ›Gz{jkhG“Œ?Œ“GŠ?ˆ?™Œ‹G‰ Gˆ•Gˆ——–?•›ŒŒG–?G›?ŒG k?™ŒŠ›–™G nŒ•Œ™ˆ“UG j–””?››ŒŒG Š–”—™?šŒšG –?G G iœ?“‹?•?G {ŒŠ?•?Š?ˆ•šSGh™Š??›ŒŠ›šSGl•??•ŒŒ™šSGj–•šŒ™?ˆ›–™šGŒ›ŠG O??PG p?G?ˆœ“›šGˆ™ŒG?–œ•‹G?•G›?ŒGk™ˆ??•?SG›?ŒG—™–—–•Œ•›G?šGˆ‹??šŒ‹G ˆ”Œ•‹G ˆ•‹G ™Œšœ‰”?›G ?–™G ?œ™›?Œ™G šŠ™œ›?• G ‰ G ›?ŒG {ŒŠ?•?Šˆ“G j–””?››ŒŒSG???Š?Gš?›šG›??ŠŒGˆG?ŒŒ’UGhšG—ˆ™›G–?G›?ŒGšŠ™œ›?• SG ›?ŒGj–””?››ŒŒGœ•‹Œ™›ˆ’ŒšG??š?›šG›–G›?ŒG›ˆ™?Œ›Gš?›ŒGˆ•‹Gˆ“š–G ?•??›ŒšG—™–—–•Œ•›G›–G”ˆ’ŒG—™ŒšŒ•›ˆ›?–•G?•GˆG—“Œ•ˆ™ GšŒšš?–•UG ~?Œ•Gšˆ›?š??Œ‹SG›?ŒG{ŒŠ?•?Šˆ“GŠ–””?››ŒŒG?ššœŒšGˆœ›?–™?¡ˆ›?–•G ?•G ?–™”G –?G ˆG j–•š›™œŠ›?–•G wŒ™”?›SG ???Š?G ?ˆšG ˆ››Œ•‹ˆ•›G Š–•‹?›?–•šUG O?PG p•G”ˆ’?•?GˆG‹ŒŠ?š?–•G›?ŒG{ŒŠ?•?Šˆ“Gj–””?››ŒŒG?šG?œ?‹Œ‹G‰ bG yŒ?œ“ˆ›?–•šG ™Œ??•?•?G ?•G z›–•ŒG {–?•G ˆšG Šˆ—›œ™Œ‹G ?•G ›?ŒG tˆš›Œ™G w“ˆ•G ?–™G z›–•ŒG {–?•G kŒ?Œ“–—”Œ•›SG l•??•ŒŒ™?•?G Š–•ŠŒ™•šSGh™Š??›ŒŠ›œ™ˆ“GŠ–•ŠŒ™•šGŒ›ŠUGG O??PG h““G kŒ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G ?•G z›–•ŒG {–?•G ?šG ?œ?‹Œ‹G ‰ G ›?ŒG ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G {–?•Gtˆš›Œ™Gw“ˆ•UGG O???PG p”—“Œ”Œ•›ˆ›?–•G–?G›?ŒGˆ——™–?Œ‹G—™–‘ŒŠ›G?šGŠ“–šŒ“ G”–•?›–™Œ‹G Page 87 88 ‰ G›?ŒGz{jkhGš›ˆ??UGz›–•ŒG{–?•G?ˆšG???ŒGO\PG?–•ŒšGŒˆŠ?G–?G ???Š?G?šGšŒ™?Œ‹G‰ GˆGzœ—Œ™??š–™UGm–™G‹Œ?Œ“–—”Œ•›šGšœŠ?GˆšG •Œ?G Š–•š›™œŠ›?–•SG ŒŸ›Œ•š?–•G –™G ”ˆ‘–™G ™Œ—ˆ?™šSG ›?ŒG wŒ™”?›G š—ŒŠ???ŒšGˆGz?›ŒGp•š—ŒŠ›–™G??–G–?Œ™šŒŒšG?–™’G—™–?™ŒššGˆ•‹G ™Œ—–™›šG›–G›?ŒG{ŒŠ?•?Šˆ“GG”ŒŒ›?•?šG–•G›??ŠŒG?ŒŒ’“ G‰ˆš?šG–™G ”–™ŒG™Œ?œ“ˆ™“ G?•GŠˆšŒG–?Gœ•œšœˆ“G?ˆ——Œ•?•?šUG O????PG {–?ˆ™‹šGŒ•?–™Š?•?G›?ŒG—Œ™”?›GŠ–•‹?›?–•šSG›?ŒGz{jkhG?ˆšGˆG iœ?“‹?•?G i™??ˆ‹ŒG ?œ““ G Š–•?Œ™šˆ•›G ??›?G ™Œ˜œ?™Œ”Œ•›šG ?•G ›?ŒG ˆ™ŒˆG–?G‘œ™?š‹?Š›?–•UGGp›G?šGœšœˆ““ G—™Œ?Œ™™Œ‹G›?ˆ›G›??šGi™??ˆ‹ŒG ‰ŒGœšŒ‹G?•Gˆ““G“–Šˆ“GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•UGG{?ŒGz{jkhG?šGŒ”—–?Œ™Œ‹G œ•‹Œ™G“ˆ?G›–G‹Œ”–“?š?Gˆ• Gš›™œŠ›œ™ŒGŠ–•š›™œŠ›Œ‹GŠ–•›™ˆ™ G›–G ™Œ˜œ?™Œ”Œ•›šUG mœ™›?Œ™SG wŒ™”?›šG ˆ™ŒG ?ššœŒ‹G ?•G —?ˆšŒšG ˆ?›Œ™G šˆ›?š?ˆŠ›?–•G??›?G—™–?™ŒššG?•G—ˆš›G—?ˆšŒšUGh›GŠ–”—“Œ›?–•SGˆG wŒ™”?›G ?–™G vŠŠœ—ˆ›?–•G ?šG ?ššœŒ‹UG G lˆŠ?G ¡–•ŒG ?šG ?•š—ŒŠ›Œ‹G ‹ˆ?“ G ‰ G ›?ŒG ?–•ŒG p•š—ŒŠ›–™G ›–G Œ•šœ™ŒG Š–•›™–“G –?G ?““Œ?ˆ“G š›™œŠ›œ™ŒšUG m?•ŒšG ?–™G –??Œ•ŠŒšG œ•‹Œ™G ›?ŒG z›–•ŒG {–?•G kŒ?Œ“–—”Œ•›G ˆ•‹G j–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•G hŠ›G ˆ™ŒG ˜œ?›ŒG —œ•?›??ŒG ›–G ‹Œ›Œ™G?““Œ?ˆ“GˆŠ›???› UG G O?ŸPG h““G•Œ?GŠ–•š›™œŠ›?–•G”œš›G‰ŒGˆ——™–?Œ‹G‰ G›?ŒGz›–•ŒG{–?•G h‹??š–™ Gi–ˆ™‹Gˆ——–?•›Œ‹G‰ G›?ŒGw™Œš?‹Œ•›GˆšG—Œ™G›?ŒGz›–•ŒG {–?•Ghœ›?–™?› GhŠ›UGG G OŸPG {–?ˆ™‹šG Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G —™–›ŒŠ›?–•SG ›?ŒG šˆ”ŒG {ŒŠ?•?Šˆ“G j–””?››ŒŒG –?G z{jkhG ?šG Š?ˆ™?Œ‹G ??›?G ™Œš—–•š?‰?“?› G –?G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G —™–›ŒŠ›?–•UG h““G •Œ?G —™–‘ŒŠ›šG ˆ™ŒG šœ‰‘ŒŠ›G ›–G Œ•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G šŠ™ŒŒ•?•?G ˆšG —Œ™G ›?ŒG l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G tˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G?–™Gzœš›ˆ?•ˆ‰“ŒGkŒ?Œ“–—”Œ•›GhŠ›G–?GX``]UGG G G G G Page 88 89 h——Œ•‹?ŸG m??ŒaG l•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“G tˆ•ˆ?Œ”Œ•›G ˆ•‹G t–•?›–™?•?G w“ˆ•G ?–™G ›?ŒG ?zlwG Component Activity Primary Impact Secondary Impact Mitigation action Responsible authority Time frame Disruption of learning process Inconvenience to school staff and students, Displacement of entire school Congestion and stretching of facilities in host schools An RAP to be prepared and approved before construction MoEVT Design stage Generation of construction debris Littering of the town Construction debris to be recycled Contractor /MoEVT Constructio n Rehabilitation of old schools Demolition and rehabilitation Occupational Health and safety hazards to workers Possible injuries and associated social costs PPEs for all workers Supervision by qualified professionals Contractor Constructio n Destruction of biodiversity Project Report to screen new site. MoEVT Design Stage Creation of soil debris Project report to propose modalities for disposing surplus soil MoEVT Design Removal of soil and vegetation Dust, noise and other nuisance Project report to species measures to reduce nuisance MoEVT Design Encroachment on sacred sites and cultural heritage sites Creates social tension and strive Project report to ascertain non- encroachment on cultural heritage sites. MoEVT Design Site clearing and leveling Displacement of other land users by school Undermine agriculture, human settlement ; social strive …etc RAP for sites involving displacement MoEVT Design Change in architectural design Erosion of the touristic appeal of stone town Architectural Plans to be approved by STCDA MoEVT Design Consumption of quarry stone and sand Impacts at material borrow areas Project report to specify sustainable sourcing of materials MoEVT Desin Construction of new schools Construction of superstructures Consumption of timber and other wood Impacts on national forests As above Page 89 90 Occupational health and safety hazards Injuries and associated social costs PPEs for all workers Supervision by qualified professionals Contractor Construction Overload of existing infrastructures Overloaded sewage, storm drainage, etc Project design to confirm adequacy of infrastructure. Same captured in project report. MoEVT Design Generation of solid and liquid waste Littering of the neighborhood Facilities Management Plan to be developed. School Boards Before project hand- over Change in the local hydrology Generation of more surface runoff and soil erosion Project Report to specify conservation measures as detailed in the project design report. MoEVT Design Consumption of wood fuel Project Report to specify sustainable souring and management of institutional energy needs MoEVT Design Operation of completed structures Pressure on resources Consumption of water resources Project design to identify sustainable water supply. Same to be specified in project report. MoEVT Design G Page 90 91 huulGzpaGspz{GvmGwlvwslGtl{GpuG?hu?pihyG XUG h‰‹ˆ““ˆG tUG h‰‹œ““ˆTj–””?šš?–•Œ™G –?G w–“?Š G w“ˆ••?•?G MG iœ‹?Œ›SG t?•?š›™ G–?Gl‹œŠˆ›?–•ˆ“Gˆ•‹G}–Šˆ›?–•ˆ“G{™ˆ?•?•?SG?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™SG{ˆ•¡ˆ•?ˆUG YUG tˆš–•ˆG t–?ˆ”Œ‹G zˆ“?”bG oŒˆ‹G –?G w–“?Š G w“ˆ••?•?G ˆ•‹G t–•?›–™?•?G k???š?–•GGGp•Gtvl}{UG ZUG t–?ˆ”Œ‹Gr?ˆ”?šGt–?ˆ”Œ‹boŒˆ‹›ŒˆŠ?Œ™Gtœœ•?ˆ•–Gw™?”ˆ™ GzŠ?––“G [UG Ut?ˆ•ˆ?ˆ?ˆG h‰‹ˆ““ˆG kˆ‹?bhšš?š›ˆ•›G oŒˆ‹G ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™G tœœ•?ˆ•–G w™?”ˆ™ GzŠ?––“UG \UG z?ˆ™™???ˆG t–?ˆ”Œ‹G h“Œ ?biœ?“‹?•?G p•š—ŒŠ›–™G |™‰ˆ•G ~Œš›G yŒ??–•G U?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™UpG ]UG t–?ˆ”Œ‹Gt–??ˆ”Œ‹Gh“?Gb{ŒˆŠ?Œ™Gˆ›G{œ”Œ’œ‘ˆGzŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GzŠ?––“UGG ^UG zŠ–œ‹GGGoˆššˆ•bh?GoŒˆ‹›ŒˆŠ?Œ™G{œ”Œ’œ‘ˆGzŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GzŠ?––“UG _UG v”ˆ™G~ˆ‹?Gv”ˆ™a{ŒˆŠ?Œ™Gˆ›G{œ”Œ’œ‘ˆGzŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GzŠ?––“UGGGGGGGGG `UG t™šGzˆ?‹Gv”ˆ™aGkŒ—ˆ™›”Œ•›G–?Gsˆ•‹šUGGG XWUGoˆ”šˆGy?‘ˆ“bGoŒˆ‹G–?Gl•??™–•”Œ•›ˆ“Gl‹œŠˆ›?–•Gˆ•‹Gm–Šˆ“Gw–?•›G?–™G kŒ—ˆ™›”Œ•›G–•GztvsUG XXUGiˆ‹™œG t?ˆ”?œ“ˆaG h?G k?™ŒŠ›–™G –?G j–””Œ™Š?ˆ“G j™–—šSG m™œ?›šG ˆ•‹G m–™Œš›™ UG?ˆ¡?‰ˆ™UW^^^[`Y[ZXG XYUG€œššœ?G oˆ‘?G r–”‰–aG oŒˆ‹G –?G j–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•G zŒŠ›?–•G kŒ—ˆ™›”Œ•›G –?G jj?M?SG?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™UG XZUGk™Giˆ’ˆ™?Gzˆˆ‹?hššŒ?Gbk?™ŒŠ›–™G–?GkjjmMmS?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™UG X[UGoˆ”?š?G zœ‰?–•G t–?ˆ””Œ‹G bj––™‹?•ˆ›–™G w“ˆ••?•?G ˆ•‹G iœ‹?Œ›SG wŒ”‰ˆUG X\UGh‰‹œ““ˆGšˆ“?”Gˆ‰‹ˆ““ˆaGw“ˆ••?•?GGv???ŠŒ™GUGj?ˆ“ŒGj?ˆ“ŒGk?š›™?Š›UG X]UGzˆ“?”Gh‰‹œ““ˆGrˆˆ“š?bGiœ?“‹?•?Gp•š—ŒŠ›–™G z–œ›?Œ™•GwŒ”‰ˆUG X^UGiˆ™œ’Grˆ”?š?Gt–? ˆ’ˆbk?š›™?Š›Gl‹œŠˆ›?–•ˆ“Gˆ•‹GG}–Šˆ›?–•ˆ“G{™ˆ?•?•?GGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGv???ŠŒ™G X_UGh”Œ‹Gzˆ?‹Gzœ’?ˆbz?Œ‰ˆG?ˆGz?Œ™?ˆG ˆG|?Œ“Œ•?Thšš?š›ˆ•›UGG X`UGt–?ˆ”Œ‹G|ššˆ Gz?ˆˆ”ˆGaoŒˆ‹G›ŒˆŠ?Œ™GG|?Œ“Œ•?UGG YWUGq–?ˆG z?ˆ‰ˆ•G tœ›?ˆ?ˆah??šˆG  ˆG tˆŒ•‹Œ“Œ–G  ˆG qˆ”??G ~?“ˆ ˆG  ˆG t’–ˆ•?G™Œ—™ŒšŒ•›?•?GkŠUGG YXUGz?ˆ?ŒGoˆššˆ•Gt–?ˆ”Œ‹b{ŒˆŠ?Œ™G|?Œ“Œ•?UG YYUGi?G|‰?ˆG€ˆ? ˆToŒˆ‹G›ŒˆŠ?Œ™G|?Œ“Œ•?UG YZUGoˆ”?š?Gqœ”ˆGvš”ˆaGklvGt’–ˆ•?Gk?š›™?Š›UG Y[UGt–?ˆ”Œ‹G yˆš??‹aG oŒˆ‹G ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™G r??ˆ•?G w™?”ˆ™ G zŠ?––“SG uŒ???‰–œ™?•?Gtˆ?ˆ•?GuŒ?Gz?›ŒUG Y\UGzˆ‰?“ˆGt–?ˆ”Œ‹Gh“?Tz?Œ“?ˆGr??ˆ•?GtˆŠ?ˆ•–G Y]UGr?ˆ”?š?Gzˆ’?aaj?ˆ?™”ˆ•Gr??ˆ•?Gw™?”ˆ™ GzŠ?––“UGj–””?››ŒŒGt¡ŒŒG?ˆG r?‘?‘?UG Y^UGh“?Gzˆ“ŒGqœ”ˆbGoŒˆ‹›ŒˆŠ?Œ™Gr??ˆ•?GzŒŠGzŠ?––“UG Page 91 92 Y_UGzˆ“?”ˆG€ˆ? ˆGh“?btŒ”‰Œ™G–?G›?ŒGz?Œ“?ˆG Y`UGo?“ˆ“?Gh“?Gh‰‹œ““ˆGbkŒ—œ› GoŒˆ‹G›ŒˆŠ?Œ™GGr??ˆ•?Gw™?”ˆ™ GzŠ?––“UG ZWUGr?ˆ”?šG yˆš??‹G uˆš–™bG oŒˆˆ‹›ŒˆŠ?Œ™G m?‹Œ“G jˆš›™–“G zŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ G zŠ?––“UG ZXUGzœ“Œ?”ˆ•G oˆ”ˆ‹G zˆ“?”bsˆ‰–™ˆ›–™ G hšš?š›ˆ•›G m?‹Œ“G jˆš›™–“G zŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GzŠ?––“UG ZYUGzˆ“?”Goˆ”Œ‹bGtˆ?•Œ•ˆ•ŠŒG{ŒˆŠ?Œ™UG ZZUGz?“?Gzˆ?‹Gyˆš??‹bG{ŒˆŠ?Œ™G~ˆ’?Gw™?”ˆ™ GzŠ?––“G Z[UGtˆ™ ˆ••ŒGh“?GzŒ??bG{ŒˆŠ?Œ™UG Z\UGh”?™ ˆGzˆ?‹Gyˆš??‹bGG{ŒˆŠ?Œ™G Z]UGmˆ›œ”ˆGt–?ˆ”Œ‹G€ˆ? ˆbG{ŒˆŠ?Œ™bG Z^UGuˆššŒ™Gt–?ˆ”Œ‹Gh“?bG{ŒˆŠ?Œ™G Z_UGzˆ““Œ?Gyˆš??‹Gt‰?ˆ“ŒbG{ŒˆŠ?Œ™G Z`UGzœ“Œ?”ˆ•Gh‰Œ?‹Gvš”ˆ•bGkŒ—œ› GoŒˆ‹G›ŒˆŠ?Œ™G~ˆ’?Gw™?”ˆ™ GzŠ?––“UG [WUGoˆ????Gzˆ“?”Gzœ“Œ?”ˆ•Gb~ˆ›Š?”ˆ•GTj–””œ•?› G”Œ”‰Œ™bUG [XUGqœ”ˆGiˆ’ˆ™?Gh“ˆ??bGoŒˆ‹G–?Gw–““œ›?–•Gj–•›™–“UkvlGwŒ”‰ˆUG [YUGmˆ’?Gzˆ“?”Gmˆ’?aGkŒ—œ› Gw™?•Š?—ˆ“GiŒ•‘ˆ”?•Gt’ˆ—ˆG{{jUG [ZUGr?ˆ”?šGzˆ?‹Goˆ”?‹bGk?š›™?Š›Gl‹œŠˆ›?–•Gv???ŠŒ™GS~Œ›ŒUG [[UGiˆ’ˆ™Gh“?Gv”ˆ™bGiœ?“‹?•?GGp•š—ŒŠ›–™GSu–™›?GwŒ”‰ˆUG [\UGtœšˆG qœ”ˆG oˆ‘?bh?G oŒˆ‹G ›ŒˆŠ?Œ™G tŠ?ˆ•?ˆG G t‹–?–G G zŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GG zŠ?––“UG []UGmˆ’?GzŒ  œ”Gmˆ’?bGGk?š›™?Š›G}–Šˆ›?–•ˆ“G{™ˆ?•?•?Gv???ŠŒ™SUtŠ?Œ?Œ•?GG k?š›™?Š›UG [^UGo?‹ˆ ˆGv”ˆ™Goˆ”?š?bk?š›™?Š›Gl‹œŠˆ›?–•Gv???ŠŒ™GGt?Š?Œ?Œ•?Gk?š›™?Š›UG [_UGzœ“Œ?”ˆ•Gz?ˆ”ŒGoˆ”ˆ‹?bGh™Š???ŒšGˆ•‹Gh•›?˜œ?›?ŒšGj“Œ™’bGt?Š?Œ?Œ•?G k?š›™?Š›G [`UGtˆ’ˆ”ŒGoˆ”?š?Gtˆ’ˆ”ŒbGk?š›™?Š›Gw“ˆ••?•?Gv???ŠŒ™S~Œ›ŒGk?š›™?Š›G \WUGmˆ’??“?Goˆ‘?Goˆššˆ•bGoŒˆ‹›ŒˆŠ?Œ™G|›ˆˆ•?GzŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GzŠ?––“UG \XUGi?G oˆ‹?‘ˆG tœ?š?•aG z?Œ“›Œ™G MG sˆ•‹šG v???ŠŒ™St?•?š›™ G –?G ~ˆ›Œ™G ˆ•‹G j–•š›™œŠ›?–•GUGj?ˆ’ŒGGk?š›™?Š›G \YUG{ˆ??™GtœšˆGv”ˆ™ToŒˆ‹G–?Gsˆ•‹šGkŒ—ˆ™›”Œ•›UGwŒ”‰ˆUG \ZUGzˆ“?”Gyˆš??‹Gh‰‹œ““ˆaGoŒˆ‹G–?GkŒ—ˆ™›”Œ•›G–?Gzœ™?Œ Gˆ•‹Gw“ˆ••?•?UG \[UGoˆššˆ•Gqœ”ˆGr?ˆ”?šbGiœ?“‹?•?Gp•š—ŒŠ›–™Gz–œ›?G \\UGyˆ”ˆ‹?ˆ•Gt–??Gh?”ˆ•‹ˆbGj??Œ?UG \]UGzœ”ˆGoˆ‘?Gh“?UG \^UGqœ”‰ŒGr?ˆ”?š?Goˆ”?‹?G \_UGh‰‹œ“Gmˆ›ˆ?Gtœ”–Gz?”ˆ?UG \`UGzœ‹?Goˆ‘?GqŒŠ?ˆG ]WUGoˆ‘?Gr?ˆ”?šGoˆ‘?UG ]XUGuŒ”š??Gh‰‹œ““ˆGUG ]YUGt¡ŒŒGyˆ‘ˆ‰Gt¡ˆ“ŒbGk??ˆ•?G Page 92 93 ]ZUGh –œ‰Goˆ‘?GqŒŠ?ˆbGoŒˆ‹›ŒˆŠ?Œ™G ][UGt?™ˆ‘?Gh‰‹œ““ˆGt?Œ•‹–UG ]\UGh‰‹œ““ˆGpššˆGtˆ’ˆ”ŒbGhšš?š›ˆ•›GoŒˆ‹G›ŒˆŠ?Œ™UG ]]UG{ˆ‰œGt–?ˆ”Œ‹Goˆššˆ•UG ]^UGn?ˆ™?‰Gv”ˆ™Gh‰‹œ“™ˆ¡ˆ’G ]_UGh‰‹œ“?Œ?ˆ‰ˆGh œ–‰Goˆ‘?UG ]`UGqŒ•?Gzœ“Œ?”ˆ•Gr?›Œ›ŒUG ^WUGz?ˆ??GGrˆšš?”Gyˆ”ˆ‹?ˆ•G ^XUGoˆ‘?Gr?ˆ”?šGt–?ˆ”Œ‹G ^YUGuœ?œGwˆ•‹œGoˆ‘?G ^ZUGoˆ”?‹Gt–?ˆ”Œ‹Gyˆ‘ˆ‰G ^[UGoˆ?‹ˆ™?Gwˆ•‹œGoˆ‘?G ^\UGuˆ‹???œGh‰‹œ“?ˆ›ˆ“GtœšˆG ^]UGh‰‹œ“?ˆ??‹Gh‰‹œ“™ˆ??ˆ•GG ^^UG{ˆ›œGh”ŒGzœ“Œ?”ˆ•bGkŒ—œ› GoŒˆ‹›ŒˆŠ?Œ™G|¡?•?GzŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GzŠ?––“G ^_UGh“?G uˆššŒ™G t–?ˆ”Œ‹bG zŒŠ›?–•G sŒˆ‹Œ™G zŒŠ›?–•G ›?™ŒŒG |¡?•?G zŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GzŠ?––“UG ^`UGh“?Goˆ‘?G|‰?ˆT{ŒˆŠ?Œ™G|¡?•?GzŒŠ–•‹ˆ™ GzŠ?––“UG _WUGqœ”ˆGv”ˆ™Goˆ‘?bGiœ?“‹?•?Gp•š—ŒŠ›–™UGG _XUGtœšˆG h?Œš?G iˆ’ˆ™T|•??Œ™š?› G –?G kˆ™G ŒšG zˆ“ˆˆ”G z›œ‹Œ•›T‰œ›G –•G ˆ››ˆŠ?”Œ•›G›–Gz›–•ŒGG{–?•UG _YUGtˆ?œ•‹ˆGh“?Gh‰‹ˆ?ˆ†aj–•šŒ™?ˆ›?–•Gv???ŠŒšGz›–•ŒG{–?•UG _ZUGzœ?ˆ™›Gzœ??ˆ•?Gh“ˆ??bGj???“Gl•??•ŒŒ™Gv“‹G{–?•UG G G ]YZYG –Šœ”Œ•›šG ˆ•‹G zŒ››?•?šƒ?‰ZX]YZYƒt G k–Šœ”Œ•›šƒ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™ƒlztmG RG ywmƒ?ˆ•¡?‰ˆ™G lztmG Œ‹U‹–ŠG ZVYWW^G aWWG 508.2 293.1 8.0 14.0 0 : ht