BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE FUND Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (Bccrf) Ministry of Environment and Forests 101 Old Ban Bhaban Government of People’s Republic of Bangladesh 5th Floor Building no. 6, Bangladesh Secretariat Mohakhali Dhaka, Bangladesh. Dhaka 1212 www.bccrf-bd.org www.bccrf-bd.org All BCCRF Annual Report publications are downloadable at: www.bccrf-bd.org Standard Disclaimer: This report has been cleared with the Government of Bangladesh and the BCCRF Donors. However, the report contains the statements, opinions and recommendations belonging only to the World Bank. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this report are based on staff analysis and recommendations and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Exec- utive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. Copyright Statement: The material in this publication is copyrighted. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portion of the work promptly. 2015 Annual Report design: Zuber Mahbub Tusher Cover photo: Mahfuzul Hasan Bhuiyan (Rana) Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF) Annual Report 2015 (January – December 2015) Prepared by The World Bank Contents FOREWORD vii Acronyms viii 1. OVERVIEW 01 2. PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 05 2.1 Program Management Overview 07 2.2 BCCRF Funded Investment Projects 08 2.3 BCCRF Funded AAAs 13 2.4 Progress towards BCCRF Results 15 2.5 Communications 16 2.6 Staffing 18 2.7 Financial Reporting 18 3. THE BCCRF PORTFOLIO 19 3.1 The Overall Portfolio 21 3.2 The Investment Projects 21 3.2.1 Review of Project Proposals 21 3.2.2 Sites of Projects under Implementation 22 3.2.3 Details of Investment Projects under Implementation 24 3.3 The Analytical and Advisory Activities (AAAs) 39 3.3.1 Overview 39 3.3.2 Implementation progress for Analytical and Advisory Activitiesapproved by the MC 41 4. FUTURE ACTIVITIES IN 2016 51 4.1. Program Management 53 4.2. Investment Project Supervision 53 4.3. Analytical and Advisory Activities (AAA) Implementation 53 References 55 ANNEXES 57 Annex A. BCCRF Governance and Roles 59 Annex B. Results Framework (June 2013) 61 Annex C. BCCRF Reporting Framework (December 31, 2015) 64 Annex D. BCCRF Coverage in the Media 75 TABLES Table 1. BCCRF Investment Project Disbursements as of December 31, 2015 04 Table 2. BCCRF-Funded Investment Projects at a Glance 10 Table 3. BCCRF-Funded Investment Project Performance 12 Table 4. BCCRF-Funded AAAs at a Glance 14 Table 5. Development Partners’ Contributions (deposits) to BCCRF as of 18 December 31, 2015 Table 6. Sites of BCCRF Projects under Implementation, 2015 22 Table 7. Target Zones and Districts for CCCP Subprojects 32 Table 8. AAAs under Implementation 40 Table 9. List of 17 Downscaled General Circulation Models from the CMIP5 Archives Used in this Analytical Activity 49 Table 10. Proposed Annual Work Plan, January – December 2016 54 BOXES Box 1. BCCRF Establishment and Governance Milestones 03 Box 2. Key BCCRF Program Management Activities, 2010–15 07 Box 3. Development Partner Briefing Meetings on BCCRF Investment Projects’ Progress during 2015 13 Box 4. Workshops, Seminars, and Presentations on BCCRF-Supported AAAs, 2015 15 FIGURES Figure 1. BCCRF Governance Structure and Roles 53 MAPS Map 1. Locations of BCCRF Projects under Implementation, 2015 23 Map 2. Locations of BCCRF Funded Shelters 25 vi ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Photo: Ismail FOREWORD It is my pleasure to present the annual report of 2015 under Disbursement under the Secretariat project has been the Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF). completed, and the project closed on December 31, 2014. The BCCRF funds the following five investment projects: For CCCP, at the end of 2015, 40 out of the 41 NGOs were on fully track with field implementation and have made good  The Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Restoration progress of building livelihoods resilience through Project (ECRRP), implemented by the Local Government homestead plinth raising, pond rehabilitation, promotion of Engineering Department (LGED) better agricultural practices, installation of water purification  The BCCRF Secretariat, implemented by the Ministry of systems, etc. The CRPARP had initiated climate resilience Environment and Forests (MoEF) activities and plantation programs in the 10 targeted forest  The Community Climate Change Project (CCCP), divisions. The project completed 13,139 ha block plantation implemented by the Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation and 1,505 km of strip plantations in 2014 and 2015. There (PKSF) were also 5,375 ha of new mangrove and mangrove-related  The Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and plantings and 7,764 ha of Core and Buffer Zone plantings. Reforestation Project (CRPARP), implemented by the Under the RERED II Solar Irrigation Project, BCCRF is Bangladesh Forest Department (BFD) and Arannyak supporting installation of irrigation pumps. Foundation  The Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Bangladesh has made significant strides towards Development Project II (RERED II), implemented by development, and achieved commendable success in Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL) economic and social indicators. Bangladesh not only has attained lower middle income status, its recent progress on Three of these five projects are stand-alone (whose a number of important indicators has earned it widespread activities are solely funded by the BCCRF), and the praise. In conclusion, I would like to acknowledge the remaining two (ECRRP and RERED II) are funded by continued confidence and encouragement of our BCCRF as well as financing from other sources. development partners. On behalf of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, I convey my best wishes and The investment projects have made significant progress sincere thanks to them. during the last calendar year, and many achievements were made in 2015. Under ECRRP, the targets of 61 shelters funded by BCCRF have been met within the construction deadline and are fully operational. Abdullah Al Mohsin Chowdhury Additional Secretary Ministry of Environment and Forests Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh ANNUAL REPORT 2015 vii ACRONYMS AAA Analytical and Advisory Activity FDG Forest Development Group AF Arannyak Foundation GC Governing Council (BCCRF) AusAID Australian Agency for International GCM General Circulation Model Development GPOBA Global Partnership on Output Based Aid BCCRF Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund GIS Geographic Information System BCCSAP Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and GoB Government of Bangladesh Action Plan IDA International Development Association BDT Bangladesh Taka (World Bank) BFD Bangladesh Forest Department IDCOL Infrastructure Development Company Limited BWDB Bangladesh Water Development Board IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change CCCP Community Climate Change Project ISR Implementation Status Report CRPARP Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and IWM Institute of Water Modelling Reforestation Project KfW KreditanstaltfürWiederaufbau DAP Detailed Area Plan kWp kilowatt peak DFAT Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade LGED Local Government Engineering Department DFID Department for International Development M&E Monitoring and Evaluation DMA Dhaka Metropolitan Area MC Management Committee (BCCRF) DNCC Dhaka North City Corporation MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests DND Dhaka-Narayanganj-Demra MOU memorandum of understanding DRR Disaster Risk Reduction MRSLF Mutual Rotating Savings and Loan Fund DSCC Dhaka South City Corporation MTR mid-term review DWASA Dhaka Water and Sewerage Authority NAPA National Adaptation Program for Action ECRRP Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and NGO nongovernmental organization Restoration Project PDO Project Development Objective ERD Economic Relations Division PIU Project Implementation Unit EU European Union PKSF Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation (Rural Activities Support Foundation) AusAID and Australian Government’s Department of PMU Project Management Unit Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) integrated under DFAT in RCP Representative Concentration Pathway 2013 RERED Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development SFP Social Forestry Program SLR Sea Level Rise TTL task team leader UCF Union-level Forest Conservation Forum UNDP United Nations Development Program USAID U. S. Agency for International Development All dollar amounts are in U.S. dollars unless otherwise indicated. viii ANNUAL REPORT 2015 1 OVERVIEW 02 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Photo: Ismail OVERVIEW Bangladesh is one of the countries in the world that are most Box 1: BCCRF Establishment and vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. To address this Governance Milestones challenge, Bangladesh launched its first Climate Change May 31, 2010 MOU signed Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) in 2008 and revised it in July 6, 2010 DFID and Denmark sign 2009 (Government of Bangladesh 2009). The plan seeks to contributions to BCCRF build a medium to long-term program for enhancing November 8, 2010 Sweden signs contribution to resilience to climate shocks and facilitating low-carbon, BCCRF December 6, 2010 EU signs contribution to sustainable growth. The BCCSAP identified six main pillars: BCCRF December 15, 2010 EU signs contribution to A. Food security, social protection and health BCCRF B. Comprehensive disaster management February 23, 2011 1st MC meeting C. Infrastructure April 13, 2011 2nd MC meeting April 25, 2011 3rd MC meeting D. Research and knowledge management May 19, 2011 1st GC meeting E. Mitigation and low-carbon development October 13, 2011 4th MC meeting F. Capacity building to address climate change November 16, 2011 5th MC meeting impacts on various sectors of development May 1, 2012 DFAT signs contribution to BCCRF May 3, 2012 USAID signs contribution to To support BCCSAP implementation, the Government of BCCRF Bangladesh established the Bangladesh Climate Change June 7, 2012 6th MC meeting Resilience Fund (BCCRF) in May 2010 by signing a June 12, 2012 2nd GC meeting memorandum of understanding (MOU) with four July 5, 2012 7th MC meeting December 12, 2012 MC members vision statement development partners: Denmark, the European Union (EU), meeting Sweden, andthe U.K. Department for International January 30, 2013 9th MC meeting Development (DFID). Switzerland became a development April 17, 2013 10th MC meeting partner in December 2010 and the Department of Foreign June 19, 2013 3rd GC meeting Affairs and Trade (DFAT) and the U.S. Agency for February 22, 2014 BCCRF Mid Term Review: Draft Final Report submitted International Development (USAID) joined in 2012. Box 1 March 23, 2014 BCCRF Mid Term Review: Final presents the key milestones in the establishment and Report submitted following governance of the BCCRF from its inception through to the receipt of comments from the end of the current reporting period (December 31, 2015). Government of Bangladesh, Development Partners and World Bank February 15, 2015 11th MC meeting ANNUAL REPORT 2015 03 The BCCRF is owned and managed by the Ministry of The World Bank executes analytical and advisory activities Environment and Forests (MoEF) on behalf of the (AAAs) as agreed upon jointly with the BCCRF GC and MC. Government of Bangladesh. Its governance structure, The BCCRF’s five investment projects collectively had established when the Fund was initiated, includes a disbursed $51.13million by the end of December 2015(Table Governing Council (GC) and a Management Committee 1). In addition to the five investment projects, five BCCRF (MC). The GC comprises a core group of government AAAs were approved. Four are now complete and the fifth cabinet ministers, civil society, and donor representatives is almost complete. The BCCRF also received media who provide overall strategic guidance to the BCCRF and coverage through various national and international news ensure adherence to the BCCSAP.The MC, led by the MoEF media channels in 2015, improving its visibility (as secretary, is responsible for developing a work program, presented in Annex D). The sections below describe all of ensuring that the BCCRF is implemented in line with the the 2015 achievements in detail. agreed-upon implementation manual, and considering grant requests submitted by various line ministries and other eligible institutions. Annex A discusses the BCCRF Table 1: BCCRF Investment Project governance structure in greater detail. Disbursements as of December 31, 2015 The World Bank is the trustee of the Fund and exercises Project Total Disbursements by internal controls in the governance of trust funds received December 31, 2015 from the BCCRF’s development partners. Funds have been (US$ million) allocated to projects and activities that are approved by the GC in accordance with BCCRF objectives. All activities Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Restoration financed through the BCCRF are governed by the Project (ECRRP) 22.38 Bank’soperational policies and procedures, especially Secretariat for BCCRF 0.20 concerning trust fund management, financial management, Community Climate Change procurement, and environmental and social safeguards. The Project (CCCP) 9.80 Bank’s trusteeship continues until the end disbursement Climate Resilient Participatory date of the BCCRF (originally setas June 30, 2015,but Afforestation and Reforestation extended in July 2012 to June 30, 2017). Project (CRPARP) 17.66 The BCCRF Secretariat, anchored in the MoEF, works in Rural Electrification and close collaboration with the World Bank.The BCCRF is Renewable Energy Development designed such that all investment projects are Project II (RERED II), recipient-executed grants.These are executed by the Solar Irrigation Project 1.09 Government of Bangladesh and its designated agencies or Total disbursed by BCCRF other eligible institutions. investment projects as of December 31, 2015 51.13 04 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 2 PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 06 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Photo: Ismail PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 2.1 Program Management Overview BCCRF program management in 2015 focused on three areas:  Continued implementation and supervision of results of approved investment projects  Continued supervision of approved AAAs  BCCRF-related communications and outreach (including progress updates, stakeholder consultations, trainings, development partner field trips, etc.) By the end of 2015, BCCRF had made progress in all three areas while maintaining ongoing broader management responsibilities. Box 2 captures the key dates related to program management since BCCRF’s inception. Box 2: Key BCCRF Program Management Activities, 2010–15 Date Activity Date Activity May 31, 2010 MOU signed May 3, 2012 USAID signs contribution to BCCRF July 6, 2010 DFID and Denmark sign contribution to June 7, 2012 Sixth MC meeting BCCRF June 12, 2012 Second GC meeting Nov. 8, 2010 Sweden signs contribution to BCCRF July 5, 2012 Seventh MC meeting Dec. 6, 2010 Switzerland signs contribution to BCCRF Dec. 12, 2012 MC vision statement meeting Dec. 15, 2010 EU signs contribution to BCCRF Jan. 30, 2013 Ninth MC meeting Feb. 23, 2011 First MC meeting April 17, 2013 Tenth MC meeting April 13, 2011 Second MC meeting June 19, 2013 Third GC meeting April 25, 2011 Third MC meeting Feb. 22, 2014 BCCRF MTR: draft final report May 19, 2011 First GC meeting submitted Oct. 13, 2011 Fourth MC meeting March 23, 2014 BCCRF MTR: final report submitted Nov. 16, 2011 Fifth MC meeting following receipt of comments from the May 1, 2012 DFAT signs contribution to BCCRF World Bank, Government of Bangladesh, and development partners Feb 15, 2016 Eleventh MC meeting ANNUAL REPORT 2015 07 2.2 BCCRF Funded Investment Projects The five investment projects funded by the BCCRF, their project development objectives, and their implementing entities are as follows:  Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project (ECRRP): to improve climate resilience of coastal populations to tropical cyclones (implemented by the Local Government Engineering Department, LGED)  Secretariat for BCCRF: to improve the MoEF’s capacity to manage donor-funded climate change activities through the establishment, staffing, and training of a secretariat (implemented by the MoEF)  Community Climate Change Project (CCCP): to enhance the capacity of selected communities to increase their resilience to the impacts of climate change (implemented by the Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation, PKSF)  Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project (CRPARP): to reduce forest Of the five, three are stand-alone projects, meaning that the degradation and increase forest coverage through activities they support are funded solely by the BCCRF. The participatory planning and monitoring and to help build remaining two (ECRRP and RERED II) are funded partially long-term resilience to climate change in selected coastal by the BCCRF and partially by other sources, including and hilly communities (implemented by the Bangladesh funds from the World Bank and other donors. Project details Forest Department [BFD] and Arannyak Foundation) are given in Section 3, and progress toward expected results is presented in Annex C.  Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development Project II (RERED II), Solar Irrigation Project: to increase Table 2 summarizes the BCCRF’s five investment projects. access to clean energy in rural areas through renewable Overall, $51.13million (62 percent) of the $82 million energy and to promote more efficient energy consumption approved for investment projects had been disbursed by the (implemented by Infrastructure Development Company end of 2015. The table also provides links to the World Limited, IDCOL) Bank’s website pagesfor each projectwhich provides the 08 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Photo: Mahfuzul Hasan Bhuiyan (Rana) project overview, project details, financials, documents, Tables 2 and 3 indicate that all the Investment Projects are results, and performance ratings. These pages also contain making satisfactory progress. Two have already completed links to Implementation Status and Results reports (ISRs), their planned activities, and the remaining three expect to which are regularly updated. To access the ISRs, click on the meet all their implementation targets by the end of “Results” tab on the project webpage and then click on the December 2016, when the grants are scheduled to close. link for “Latest Implementation Status and Results Report.” As of end December 2015 disbursements were still relatively Table 3 summarizes the most recent ISR reports of progress low, but disbursements are expected to accelerate during toward both achievement of the project development 2016 and by the close of BCCRF it is expected that most or objectives (PDOs) and overall implementation as of the end all of the $82 million approved for the five Investment of 2015. Projects will be disbursed. ANNUAL REPORT 2015 09 10 Table 2: BCCRF-Funded Investment Projects at a Glance ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Project and implementing Funding approved Disbursed Disbursed Status and web links agency (US$ millions) by 12/31/15 by 12/31/15 (US$ millions) (%) Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery 25.0 22.38 89.5 BCCRF is supporting the construction of 61 new cyclone and Restoration Project (ECRRP) shelters in the districts of Barguna, Patuakhali, Pirojpur, Local Government Engineering Satkhira, and Khulna through six contract packages. As of Department (LGED) December 31, 2015, construction of the 61 new cycloneshelters have been completed. The construction of 3 roads totaling 11.5 kilometersin Barguna District is also complete. http://www.worldbank.org/projects/P111272/emergency-2007-cy clone-recovery-restoration-project?lang=en Secretariat for BCCRF 0.2 0.2 100 Disbursement has been completed, and the project closed on Ministry of Environment and December 31, 2014. Forests (MoEF) http://www.worldbank.org/projects/P128445/capacity-building-se cretariat-bccrf?lang=en&tab=overview Community Climate Change Project 13.0 9.80 75.3 CCCP has committed the full funds available to 41 NGOs to (CCCP) implement 41 subprojects. By the end of December 2015 about Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation 80 percent of planned field activities were complete. (PKSF) http://www.worldbank.org/projects/P125447/community-climate- change-program?lang=en Climate Resilient Participatory 33.8 17.66 52.2 The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) has initiated climate Afforestation and Reforestation resilience activities in the 10 targeted Forest Divisions. As of Project (CRPARP) October 2015 13,139 hectares of block plantations and 1,505 Bangladesh Forest Department kms of strip plantations had been completed. Seedling survival (BFD) and Arannyak Foundation averaged 90% and health and growth of plantations has been (AF) satisfactory. http://www.worldbank.org/projects/P127015/climate-resilient-partic ipatory-afforestation-reforestation-project?lang=en&tab=overview Rural Electrification and Renewable 10 1.09 10.9 A total of 531solar irrigation pumps are expected to be installed Energy Development Project II with BCCRF financial support. 221 had been installed by the (RERED II), Solar Irrigation Project end of 2015 and solar irrigation is now a proven technology accepted by farmers. Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL) http://www.worldbank.org/projects/P131263/rural-electrification-r enewable-energy-development-ii-rered-ii-project?lang=en&tab= overview 82.0 51.13 62.3 n.a. Total disbursed by BCCRF investment projects as of December 31, 2015 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 11 Table 3: BCCRF-Funded Investment Project Performance Progress toward Overall Date of most achievement of implementation Project recent ISR PDOs progress Emergency 2007 Cyclone November 2015 a Satisfactory Moderately Recovery and satisfactory Restoration Project (ECRRP) Secretariat for BCCRFb n.a. n.a. n.a. Community Climate January 2016 Satisfactory Satisfactory Change Project (CCCP) Climate Resilient October 2015 Satisfactory Moderately Participatory satisfactory Afforestation and Reforestation Project (CRPARP) Rural Electrification and September 2015 a Moderately Moderately Renewable Energy Satisfactory satisfactory Development Project II (RERED II) Note:ISR = Implementation Status and Results report. PDO = project development objective. a. These ratings were for the whole project, not just the BCCRF-supported activities, as reporting covers the whole project at the ISR stage. b. ISRs were not produced for this project because of its small size, but regular supervision missions were carried out. BCCRF project implementation progress is discussed with also shared and discussed with the BCCRF development the counterpart ministries as part of regular operations, and partners in the progress update meetings. Details of these World Bank Implementation Support Mission findings were are in Box 3. 12 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Box 3: Development Partner Briefing Meetings on BCCRF Investment Projects’ Progress during 2015 Date Activity Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project (ECRRP)- Sunday, March 01, 2015 Component B (BCCRF) Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development II Project Tuesday, April 21, 2015 (Solar Irrigation) Monday, June 08, 2015 Community Climate Change Project (CCCP) Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project Tuesday, August 11, 2015 (CRPARP) Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development II Project- Wednesday, September 16, 2015 SolarIrrigation (BCCRF part) 2.3 BCCRF-Funded AAAs Of the five AAAs, four are complete, and the remaining one is expected to be completed by 2016. Table 4 summarizes the disbursements by the five AAAs by the end of 2015. Of The BCCRF MC approved five analytical and advisory the $2.09 million approved for AAA activities, 88 percent had activities (AAAs) to help fill knowledge gaps affecting been disbursed by December 31, 2015. Section 3 presents implementation of the BCCSAP. These are listed in Table 4, further details of the AAAs. which notes their status at the end of December 2015. Photo: Mahfuzul Hasan Bhuiyan (Rana) ANNUAL REPORT 2015 13 Table 4: BCCRF-Funded AAAs at a Glance Project Amount Disbursed by Disbursed by Status in brief approved (US$) 12/31/2015 (US$) 12/31/2015 (%) 1. Impact of Climate The World Bank (2014) report “Climate Change on Climate Change and Health Impacts: How Sensitive Diseases and Vulnerable Is Bangladesh and What Needs 300,000 300,000 100 Implications for the to be Done?” has been finalized, published Health Sector and widely disseminated in 2015. 2. Urban Flooding of The study is complete and a book on the Greater Dhaka Area in results:“Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka a Changing Climate: in a Changing Climate: Building Local Vulnerability, Resilience to Disaster Risk” was published Adaptation and in 2015. In addition a report entitled: 510,000 510,000 100 Potential Costs “Climate and Disaster Resilience of Greater Dhaka Area: A Micro Level Analysis” has been published in the World Bank’s Bangladesh Development series.The results of the study have been widely publicized. 3. Guidance Note for 730,000 650,056 89 The study is complete. the Urir Char–Noakhali Cross Dam 4. Innovations in Flood 300,000 133,837 44.6 The study is at an advanced stage. It has Risk 5. Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision The study is complete and the results 250,000 249,126 100 have been widely disseminated. Making in Bangladesh: Spatial and Temporal Downscaling Total disbursed by 2.09 million 1.84 million 88 n.a. BCCRF AAAs as of December 31, 2015 Note: AAAs = analytical and advisory activities of the World Bank. For more about the draft findings and seminar summaries, see the project list on the BCCRF website: http://www.bccrf-bd.org/Project.html. The BCCRF AAAs are implemented in a consultative manner involving sectoral technical experts, Government of Bangladesh experts, and development partners. Box 4 lists some of the key events that took place. 14 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Box 4: Workshops, Seminars, and Presentations on BCCRF- Supported AAAs, 2015 Date Activity July 23, 2015 Distrubution of the report: Impact of Climate Change on Climate-Sensitive Diseases and Implications for the Health Sector. Publication title is “Climate Change and Health Impacts: How Vulnerable is Bangladesh and What needs to be Done?” November 23, 2015 Launch of the book: Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk Launch of the Bangladesh Development Series Report: Climate and Disaster Resilience of Greater Dhaka Area: A Micro Level Analysis 2.4 Progress towards BCCRF Results Annex C presents a full update of the BCCRF reporting Project has installed 221 pumps by the end of 2015 that are framework, showing the progress made through to earmarked for BCCRF funding (target 200).The CRPARP December 2015. The framework follows the Results has restored or reafforested 13,139hectares of land (target: Framework format, as agreed upon with the development 13,000 hectares). The CCCP project has exceeded both its partners in June 2013 (Annex B) and reports on progress targets, with 41 subproject grants awarded (target: 40) and toward meeting three objectives. 65 percent of the targeted communities now having The first objective is for the Government of Bangladesh to functioning mechanisms to respond to specific climate risks demonstrate capacity to lead and manage the BCCRF (target: 40 percent). (For further details, see the investment through a functioning secretariat within the MoEF.The project profiles in section 3). The third objective was for the second objective is for BCCRF investments to contribute to Government of Bangladesh to demonstrate strategic the climate resilience of the targeted populations. Four of the leadership on national climate policy and global climate five approved investment projects have met or exceeded financing. Targets were exceeded on all output indicators. their end 2015 targets. The ECRRP has completed all the 61 planned cyclone shelters. The RERED II Solar Irrigation ANNUAL REPORT 2015 15 2.5 Communications Communications continued to play an important role in the whichreceived important input from BCCRF stakeholders BCCRF, focusing on knowledge sharing, transparency, before finalization and dissemination both in print and improved visibility, and enhanced project effectiveness. The online. It provides an overview of program developments target audience included a wide range of stakeholders, from January through December of 2014 as well as detailed including government officials, nongovernmental updates on BCCRF activities (program management as well organizations (NGOs), civil society members, climate as projects and AAAs). The BCCRF organized a series of change negotiators, development partners, academics, briefings on progress in Investment Projects and AAA students, mass media, local grassroots organizations, and activities, details of which are in Boxes 3 and 4. target beneficiaries who are vulnerable to the effects of climate change. In 2015, the BCCRF recorded a number of achievements in communications and outreach. In 2015 the BCCRF team produced the Annual Report 2014 A video introducing the findings from the BCCRF funded AAA on climate change and health was produced and is available online here: https://vimeo.com/114833589. 16 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Cover of the BCCRF 2014 Annual Report Book launch event for the BCCRF funded AAA on climate change impacts on urban Dhaka. ANNUAL REPORT 2015 17 2.6 Staffing 2.7 Financial Reporting The World Bank team supporting BCCRF implementation in Since no supplemental financial contribution was made 2015 included members of the core team, team members during the reporting period, the total amount deposited supporting specific investment projects, and staff who work remains unchanged. Table 5 shows the deposited amounts. on the approved AAAs. The Bank’s core BCCRF team Numbers may not add up due to rounding. The exchange comprised the following: rate used for the pledged amount is as of December 31,  Program manager (part-time) 2015, and the fund volume in U.S. dollars is an indicative  Senior environmental specialist, Washington, DC amount. Funds are converted from pledged currencies to (part-time) U.S. dollars when deposited, and fully paid contributions are  Environmental specialist, Dhaka (part-time) converted at the exchange rate actually used. In addition to  Administrative support staff, Dhaka (part-time) the resources shown, by December 31, 2015, the BCCRF In addition, project task team leaders (TTLs) and co-TTLs had earned an investment income of $1,204,174 since its worked in cooperation with project management units inception. The entire investment income is correctly credited (PMUs) at implementing agencies of the Bangladeshi to the BCCRF and forms part of its current fund balance to government. The following TTLs and co-TTLs provided be used for its purposes. support from the Bank side to ensure technical, legal, and financial due diligence during project preparation and implementation:  ECRRP (Multipurpose Cyclone Shelter Construction Project): environmental specialist (TTL) and environmental specialist (co-TTL)  CCCP: environmental specialist (TTL)  CRPARP: senior environmental specialist (TTL)  RERED II (Solar Irrigation Project): senior energy specialist (TTL) In addition to these technical specialists, all of the task Table 5: Development Partners’ teams include specialists for environmental and social Contributions (deposits) to BCCRF safeguards, financial management, procurement, legal due as of December 31, 2015 diligence, and administrative support. Specialists working on AAAs during 2015 included the Deposits in Deposits pledged converted to following: Development currency US$ (millions)  “Impact of Climate Change on Climate-Sensitive partner (millions) Diseases and Implications for the Health Sector”: AusAID/DFAT 7.0 7.063 lead environmental economist  “Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka Area in a Denmark 10.0 1.76 Changing Climate: Vulnerability, Adaptation, and DFID 43.0 66.448 Potential Costs”: lead environmental economist EU 14.25 18.501  “Innovations in Flood Risk Mitigation in Dhaka”: Sweden 130.0 19.326 senior environmental specialist Switzerland 8.2 8.181  “Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making in Bangladesh: Spatial and Temporal Downscaling”: USAID 9.0 9.0 lead environmental economist Total 130.281 18 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 3 THE BCCRF PORTFOLIO 20 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Photo: Mahfuzul Hasan Bhuiyan (Rana) THE BCCRF PORTFOLIO 3.1 Overall Portfolio The BCCRF portfolio comprises five investment projects instead of creating new ones. The institutional capacity of ($82.0 million approved) and five analytical and advisory the implementing agency is critical in ensuring that projects activities (AAAs) ($2.09 million approved). The investment are efficiently delivered. projects are all recipient-executed grants, executed by the 4. Readiness for implementation. Given the short Government of Bangladesh, its designated agencies, or implementation period of the grants, proposed projects other eligible institutions. The AAAs are all executed by the should be at a relatively advanced stage of World Bank. preparation—that is, feasibility studies, detailed designs, environmental impact assessments, and social impact 3.2 Investment Projects assessments should already be completed. This will ensure that project appraisal and grant approval can be expedited 3.2.1 Review of Project Proposals and implementation can be completed within the grant The BCCRF program uses seven criteria to screen window period. proposals: 5. Results targeted.Is the proposed intervention clear about the results to beachieved and their impact? Is a clear 1. Size of proposal. Approximated at $15 million to $25 monitoring and evaluation framework already in place? Is it million, based on assumptions regarding the expected size possible to assess value for money at this point as well as of the proposal’stotal contribution to the achievement of the change to which the intervention will contribute and the BCCRF objectives and on the cost-effectiveness of carrying desired impact? out the appraisal and supervision of individual grants. 6. Complementarities or overlap with other 2. Consistency with BCCSAP objectives. Project activities programs.Proposals should ensure that synergies are should be directly linked to one or more of the objectives of maximized with existing programs and that there is no the six pillars of the BCCSAP, namely (a) food security, duplication with existing activities managed by the social protection, and health; (b) comprehensive disaster implementing ministry. management; (c) infrastructure; (d) research and knowledge 7. Social and environmental benefits.Proposals should management; (e) mitigation and low-carbon development; ensure that there are no major negative environmental and (f) capacity building and institutional strengthening (GoB impacts and that the expected results include positive social 2009). impacts on vulnerable groups and women. 3. Experience with development operations. Priority is The BCCRF neither reviewed nor approved any new project given to proposals that use existing project units of proposals in 2015. Additional financing of US$ 0.5 million development-type operations to administer the grant and was approved by the Management Committee for the that use existing delivery channels, as far as possible, Community Climate Change Project (CCCP). ANNUAL REPORT 2015 21 3.2.2 Sites of Projects under Implementation Table 6 and Map 1 show the divisions and districts of Bangladesh in which BCCRF-supported investment projects are being implemented. Table 6: Sites of BCCRF Projects under Implementation, 2015 Project Division District 1. ECRRP (Multipurpose Cyclone Barisal Barguna, Pirojpur Shelter Construction Project) Khulna Khulna, Patuakhali, Satkhira 2. Secretariat for BCCRF Dhaka Dhaka 3. CCCP Barisal Barisal, Patuakhali, Barguna Chittagong Cox’s Bazar Dhaka Jamalpur, Mymensingh Khulna Satkhira, Khulna, Jessore, Bagerhat, Chuadanga Rajshahi Kurigram, Nilphamari, Rajshahi, Natore, Naogaon 4. CRPARP Barisal Barisal, Pakuakhali, Barguna, Bhola Chittagong Cox’s Bazar, Chittagong, Feni, Noakhali, Lakshmipur 5. RERED II (Solar Irrigation Project) Barisal Barisal, Barguna, Jhalakhati, Patuakhali Chittagong Bandarban, Chandpur, Chittagong, Comila, Cox’s Bazar, Feni, Khagrachari, Noakhali Dhaka Dhaka, Faridpur, Gazipur, Jamalpur, Kishoregong, Mymensingh, Narsindi, Sherpur Khulna Bagerhat, Chuandanga, Jessore, Jhenaidah, Khulna, Kushtia, Magura, Meherpur, Satkhira Rajshahi Bogra, Naogaon, Pabna Rangpur Dinajpu, Gaibandha, Kurigram, Lalmonirhat, Nilphamari, Panchagarh, Rangpur, Thakurgoan Sylhet Habiganj 22 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Map 1: Locations of BCCRF Projects under Implementation, 2015 Source: ©World Bank. IBRD No. 41566, April 2015. Further permission required for reuse. Note:This map was produced by the Map Design Unit of the World Bank. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and any other information shown on this map do not imply, on the part of the World Bank Group, any judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. ANNUAL REPORT 2015 23 3.2.3 Details of Investment Projects under Implementation homeless, their livelihoods destroyed. Cyclone shelters provide a critical first line of defence for cyclone-vulnerable 01. EMERGENCY 2007 CYCLONE people (along with early warning systems and other disaster RECOVERY AND RESTORATION preparedness measures), and the government has been PROJECT (MULTIPURPOSE CYCLONE constructing cyclone shelters since the 1970s. However, the SHELTER CONSTRUCTION PROJECT) number of shelters remains inadequate, and many need repairs or enhancements. The BCCSAP calls for the repair, Project number: P111272 Grant amount: $25 million maintenance, and construction of additional cyclone Responsible agency: Local Government Engineering shelters throughout the coastal zones of Bangladesh and Department (LGED) estimates that 2,000 to 4,000 new shelters are needed. At its first meeting in May 2011, the GC approved a $25 million grant for a project to address this issue, which was to Background and objectives be cofinanced with an ongoing IDA project called When Cyclone Sidr hit coastal Bangladesh in 2007, villagers Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project had just minutes to gather their families and flee as the (ECRRP). When the grant agreement (No. TF099305) for storm battered their homes. Sidr went on to be described as the BCCRF project was signed on August 8, 2011, the the worst cyclone Bangladesh had faced in 15 years. Around project planned to construct 55 new multipurpose shelters, 30 districts and 9 million people were affected by the rehabilitate 40 existing shelters, and construct 40 kilometers cyclone. Total damage and losses were estimated at about of evacuation routes. The scope was subsequently adjusted, $1.7 billion. Thousands were killed, and millions became and BCCRF support was adjusted to support construction of Photo: Zeeshan Khan 24 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Map 2: Locations of BCCRF Funded Shelters EMERGENCY 2007 CYCLONE RECOVERY AND RESTORATION PROJECT (MULTIPURPOSE CYCLONE SHELTER CONSTRUCTION PROJECT) ANNUAL REPORT 2015 25 Completed approach road leading to a cyclone shelter in Borguna. The shelter and the road are funded by BCCRF. 61 new shelters and construction of 11.5 kilometers of roads.  Durability. The shelters are designed to withstand wind When cyclone Mahasen hit Bangladesh in May 2013, the speeds of 260 kilometers per hour and are made of a ECRRP shelters were occupied by 40,219 people and 4,307 reinforced frame meetinga factor of safety of 2.5. The livestock. Mahasen affected eight coastal districts with sheltersare reinforced with60-grade deformed bars and flooding and waterlogging and caused 17 fatalities. stone aggregates in the shelter foundation, footings, However, according to the LGED, thanks to the ECRRP, the columns, beams, and so forth, making these structures greater number of usable shelters by 2013 meant that fewer sustainable during severe cyclones. lives were lost than might have been. An LGED executive  Functionality. Features unique to the ECRRP shelters engineer in Bholasaid, “Not only did the shelters house include separate floors for livestock, separate rooms for people; they were also the safe point for relief activities, pregnant women, gender-marked toilets, storerooms, such as precautionary stocking of dry food. These shelters enhanced toilet facilities with soak pits and septic tanks, provide a safe haven during killer cyclones and during emergency water supplies (tube wells), first-aid facilities, non-cyclone times are used as primary schools targeting the solar lights, rainwater harvesting, and tree plantations. ultrapoor, thus providing hope and mobility to the Stakeholders provided inputs to the design and use of the communities”. shelters during normal times and during cyclones. Shelters are built in compliance with land use planning and Specific features of the ECRRP shelters’ technical design environmental and social safeguards. are as follows:  Flexibility. The ECRRP shelters are built as three-story structures with provisions for need-based vertical extension in the future. 26 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Updated status The ECRRP has completed the planned construction of 61 single contract package in Barguna District has also been new cyclone shelters in the districts of Barguna, Patuakhali, fully completed and the roads are now in use. The DFID Pirojpur, Satkhira, and Khulna through six contract Head of Office visited a cyclone shelter built using BCCRF packages, using resources provided by BCCRF. The resources in Satkhira District on 26thNovember. construction of three roads totalling11.5 kilometers under a Ms. Sarah Cooke, Country Representative, DFID Bangladesh, inaugurated the SeharaGovenment Primary School cum CS (NS-75, NW-16) in KaliganjUpazila, Satkhira District on 26 November, 2015. ANNUAL REPORT 2015 27 BCCRF funded cyclone shelter in Koyra. BCCRF funded cyclone shelter approach road being built in Gulishkhali in 2014. BCCRF funded Gutabacha shelter connecting road. BCCRF funded cyclone shelter in Kamarabad. 28 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 ECRRP team on site at a BCCRF funded shelter in 2015. Andharmanik Primary School in Pirojpur is a cyclone shelter funded by BCCRF. BCCRF funded shelters in Koyra during a field BCCRF funded shelters in South Sonakhali under visit by the DFID team in 2014. construction (now completed). ANNUAL REPORT 2015 29 02. SECRETARIAT FOR BCCRF (CAPACITY BUILDING PROJECT Project number: P128445 Grant amount: $0.2 million Responsible agency: Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) Background and objectives The MOU signed in May 2010 stated that a secretariat would and the government’s Economic Relations Division (ERD) be established within the MoEF’sClimate Change Unit to signed a grant agreement for $0.2 million in November 2011. support the BCCRF program. The secretariat’s main The World Bank BCCRF team initially performed a large part functions were to include day-to-day support for the MC and of the Secretariat’s functions as recruitment of staff for the GC, screening of proposals, advocacy, communications, MoEF Secretariat was delayed. However, as the capacity donor coordination, program-level monitoring and and number of MoEF Secretariat staff increased, functions evaluation, and preparation for and implementation of the were being transferred gradually to the MoEF. eventual transfer of the BCCRF Secretariat’s functions from the World Bank to the MoEF. In February 2011, the MC Updated status approved establishment of the Secretariat at the MoEF. In The project has been completed as planned and on May 2011, the GC approved $0.2 million of BCCRF schedule. resources for this stand-alone project,and the World Bank Photo: Mahfuzul Hasan Bhuiyan (Rana) 30 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 03. COMMUNITY CLIMATE CHANGE increased flash flood duration in recent years. PROJECT (NGO WINDOW) Drought-prone areas, however, have a different experience: the impacts of climate change happen more graduallythere, Project number: P125447 Grant amount: $13.0 million and thus understanding of increasing drought due to climate Responsible agency: Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation change is a newer concept to the community and to NGOs. (PKSF) In June 2011, the GC approved the allocation to CCCP of 10 Background and objectives percent of BCCRF resources, calculated as $12.5 million. Of The BCCRF is designed as a one-stop mechanism for this amount, $10.4 million was to fund subprojects in the large-scale climate change financing in Bangladesh. It has three most climate-vulnerable zones in Bangladesh: two windows: an on-budget window for funding public sector saline-affected coastal zones, flood-affected areas and char projects and an off-budget window for funding projects by lands, and drought-affected or rain-scarce areas in NGOs. In May 2011, the BCCRF GC designated the Palli northwestern Bangladesh (Table 7). Karma-Sahayak Foundation (PKSF) as the implementing agency for the off-budget funding window. Under this Each subproject proposal is required to address at least one window, PKSF channels grant funds to NGO subprojects of the six pillars of the BCCSAP. The subprojects range in under the Community Climate Change Project (CCCP). value from $20,000 to $1 million. The proposals are reviewed for social and environmental safeguards, including The project development objective is to enhance the gender and social inclusion, in line with World Bank policy. capacity of selected communities to increase their resilience The remaining funds ($2.1 million) are allocated to to the impacts of climate change. An intermediate indicator monitoring, learning, and subproject refinement, through of success is the establishment of an effective grant knowledge sharing and dissemination of lessons learned. In financing mechanism within PKSF to channel funds to 2015 an additional $0.5 million was approved to fund further NGOs to fund community-based climate change adaptation activities by well performing NGOs and to strengthen activities. capacity building of both PKSF and NGOs. The CCCP’s objective goes beyond the focus of traditional livelihood project asit targets vulnerable poor communities to strengthen theirresilience to the changing climate. PKSF is working closely with NGOs to better reflect the CCCP’s main focus of building climate resilience by helping communities todefine and implement climate response options and adaptation practices. As a result, some NGOs now better understand the impact of their interventions on specific climate change-related risks and vulnerabilities and are developing a knowledge base on building climate resilience at village level. The experience of climate change varies across different vulnerable geographical locations. For example, in saline-affected areas, vulnerable people can ascertain increasing salinity intrusion or rising water levels during tidal inundation almost instantaneously. Photo: Mahfuzul Hasan Bhuiyan (Rana) In flood-prone areas, people have directly experienced ANNUAL REPORT 2015 31 Table 7: Target Zones and Districts for CCCP Subprojects Zone type District Saline-affected coastal zones Satkhira, Khulna, Jessore, Bagerhat, Patuakhali, Barguna Flood-affected areas and Cox’s Bazar, Jamalpur, Mymensingh, Bagerhat, Khulna, Kurigram, charlands Nilphamari Drought-affected or rain-scarce Chuadanga, Naogaon, Rajshahi, Satkhira, Natore areas in northwestern Bangladesh Updated status  Pond and canal re-excavation for drinking, irrigation and domestic purposes; The CCCP has three components:  Installation of water purification systems for safe drinking water in saline areas (pond sand filters and desalination  The Community Climate Change Fund ($10.79 million) plants);  Knowledge management,capacity building, and  Rain water harvesting systems for individuals and monitoring and evaluation ($0.55 million) communities; Installation of improved sanitary latrines;  Project management ($1.66 million)  Installation ofenvironment friendly improved cooking Community Climate Change Fund. The objective of stoves; the Community Climate Change Fund is to finance  Demonstration of climate resilient crops; Pumpkin community-based climate change adaptation projects cultivation on sand bars; implemented with the assistance of NGOs. The project has  Repair of roads/embankments accompanied by tree committed the full amount of $10.79 million to 41 NGOs to plantation; and implement subprojects on community-based climate change  Training and technical support for climate resilient activities based on the BCCSAP. Of the 41 NGOs, 14 target Income Generating Activities such as crab fattening, goat & salinity-prone areas, 18 target flood-prone areas, and 9 sheep rearing in slatted houses, poultry and duck rearing target drought-prone areas. using semi-scavenging methods, homestead gardening and At the end of 2015, 40 out of the 41 NGOs were on track with vermi-compost. field implementation and were expected to complete their work no later than 30th September 2016. The progress Knowledge management, capacity building, and being made by the remaining one NGO was being monitoring and evaluation (M&E). This component monitored and if necessary its work program may be supports a systematic learning process of capturing lessons revised. and incorporating best practices into design and implementation. A number of useful lessons are emerging The major field level activities of CCCP include: from the practices adopted by the sub-projects, focused on  Construction of climate resilient plinths, courtyards and housing, access to potable and irrigation water, food and community ground raising through earth filling; Installationof health. Lessons are emerging from both local indigenous shallow and deep/semi-deep tube-wells; and international experience. 32 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Project management. This component finances (PKSF) accompanied the members of the delegation team. technical assistance related to the establishment of the The United Kingdom Department for International project management unit (PMU) within PKSF, technical Development (DFID) Country Representative, Ms. Sarah capacity building of PMU staff to appraise proposals, and Cooke visited the CCCP activities implemented under operationalization of the procedures for fund management. Satkhira Unnayan Sangstha (SUS) in the Kaligonj of Sathkhira district on 26th November, 2015. There have been many visits to CCCP projects by international guests during 2015. A team led by Deputy Managing Director Mr. Fazlul Kader visited CCCP sub-project activities of Satkhira Unnayan A team of H.E. Heads of Missions and European Union (EU) Sangstha (SUS) in Kaliganj of Satkhira district together with Delegates visited the climate vulnerable saline prone area Japan International Cooperation Agency, Institute for Global covered by the CCCP on 17 November, 2015.Mr. Md. Abdul Environmental Strategies and Institute for Inclusive Finance Karim, Managing Director, Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation and Development representativeson November 26, 2015. The project activities were also highlighted in a video by the Economist (November 2015) which can be accessed here: http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21679313-banglades h-highly-susceptible-climate-change-floods-cyclones-and-dr oughts-are-likely-increase Solar powered desalination plant under CCCP in Shatkhira. Sumita Rani of Shatkhira, one of the CCCP beneficieries, with her improved goat shed. ANNUAL REPORT 2015 33 04. CLIMATE-RESILIENT PARTICIPATORY AFFORESTATION AND REFORESTATION PROJECT (CRPARP) Project number: P127015 Grant amount: $33.8 million Responsible agency: Bangladesh Forest Department (BFD) Background and objectives Since 1960, the BFD has implemented afforestation In 2009 the Government of Bangladesh approved an programs on the coastal embankments, newly accreted afforestation project to establish mangrove (12,355 coastal char lands, and offshore islands along 710 hectares), non-mangrove (400 hectares), and strip (678 kilometers of coastline. To date, planted mangrove forests kilometers) plantations in coastal areas. The United Nations cover more than 0.17 million hectares of embankments, Development Programme (UNDP) is also supporting the chars, and islands and represent a unique greenbelt along MoEF’s “Community-Based Adaptation to Climate Change the coastline. Afforestation of foreshore and of tidal areas through Coastal Afforestation in Bangladesh” projectas a outside embankments has proved to be a cost-effective follow-up to the government’s 2005National Adaptation method to dissipate wave energy and reduce embankment Program for Action (NAPA). The government plans to flooding during storm surges. For example, Cyclone Sidrin establish 500-meter-wide mangrove afforestation as a 2007 and Cyclone Ailain 2009 caused less property damage cost-effective method to protect embankments in front of and fewer deaths in Chokoria and surrounding areas than sea-facing polders. Currently, mangrove forests protect did the 1991 Bangladesh cyclone, which devastated approximately 60 kilometers of the total 957 kilometers of Chittagong Division, killing at least 138,000 people. The embankments along sea-facing polders. These include improvement was due to afforestation on the foreshore of some forest belts that are degraded, indicating the need for embankments, which substantially broke storm surge an afforestation program for the coastal areas of velocities. Bangladesh. Some of the plantations under CRPARP. 34 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Although the government plans to increase the afforested The GC and MC approved an increased allocation of $33.8 and reforested areas, the major challenge remains to ensure million in June 2012 to cover higher than anticipated costs of proper management and monitoring of existing forest labor, travel, maintenance, monitoring and supervision, and resources. The improvement of existing forest resources community consultation as well as to fund the alternative management requires significant capacity building and livelihood option component. sector reform. Delayed afforestation and reforestation will increase climate vulnerability and further reduce the potential for carbon sequestration. However, if accompanied by improved forest management and participation of forest-dependent communities, afforestation and reforestationwill be critical to addressing the challenges of vulnerability to climate change in Bangladesh and also to preparing the BFD to mainstream climate change in planning and management of future forestry investments. Training activities under the CRPARP project. The CRPARP project development objectivesare(a) to reduce forest degradation and increase forest coverage Updated status through participatory planning and monitoring, and (b) to The CRPARP has fourcomponents, all of which made good contribute toward building the long-term resilience of progress in 2015. selected coastal and hilly communities to climate change.  Afforestation and reforestation CRPARP will achieve the project development objectives by  Support for alternative livelihoods  Capacity building of the BFD and local communities  Establishing newly afforested and reforested areas using  Project management climate-resilient species to work as a windbreak against Afforestation and reforestation. The project originally aimed cyclones; to undertake afforestation and reforestation of 17,000 ha of  Strengthening and diversifying alternative livelihoods of land (7,000 ha of reclamation of coastal mangrove land and forest-dependent communities; and 10,000 ha of hill areas within 20 km of the coastline) and  Improving the BFD’s institutional capacity to sustainably 1,672 km roadside strip plantation through climate resilient manage forest resources in the face of climate change. and participatory approaches. This component is on track to accomplish its target. The project completed 13,139 ha On April 13, 2011, the MC allocated $25 million to afforest block plantation in 2014 and 2015. 1,505km of strip and reforest areas exposed to cyclones, storm surges, and plantation were completed in 2014 and 2015. There were landslides. The aim is to afforest and reforest 17,000 5,375 ha of new mangrove and mangrove-related plantings hectares and 2,500 kilometers of strip plantations in seven and 7,764 ha of Core and Buffer Zone plantings. Seedling coastal and hilly districts and to improve the livelihoods of survival averaged about 90% and tree health and growth forest-dependent communities by generating alternative have been satisfactory. Species distributions were observed activities. The fund also supports innovative studies to to generally be in accordance with the management plan improve forest management in Bangladesh. and survey and species maps. ANNUAL REPORT 2015 35 Community consultations in the CRPARP project. In the light of land and seedling availability, the appropriate livelihood interventions to reduce forestry afforestation/reforestation targets were revised to achieve dependency and promoting participatory forest 17,500 ha of block and 2,000 km of strip plantings by the end management. This component is implemented by AF with 2 of the project. partner NGOs (Uttaran and YPSA) in coordination with the BFD. New procedures to enable community participation in the AF and its partner NGOs, using a well-designed transparent Social Forestry Program (SFP) in the project have and inclusive targeting process, selected 6,000 extreme significantly improved the participation of the forest poor and vulnerable households in 200 villages of the dependent communities in the afforestation and Project’s targeted nine districts. These households have reforestation program. The engagement with participants been organized into 200 FDGs. The households include from communities has facilitated a greater understanding of 1,634 households with women as head of the household forestry issues, changed behavior towardsforest use and a and 321 households from indigenous communities. greater commitment to maintain and protect forests from which they will benefit. The 200 FDGs are federated into 55 federations at the Support for alternative livelihoods.The main objective of this Union level.The project has also facilitated formation of 55 component is to improve and diversify non forest-based Union level Forest Conservation Forums (UCF) under the livelihoods opportunities of the poor forest dependent leadership of the respective Union Parishad Chairperson, households in select forest communities. There are three which include members of the Union Federation of FDGs. major activities initiated under this component by The institutionalization of the FDG Union Federations in the theArranyak Foundation (AF): (1) community mobilization form of registered cooperatives and as a supporting and sensitization on climate resilience issues, (2) community structure of the local government within UCF provides an based institution building - Forest Dependent Groups opportunity for voicing and lobbying the considerations and (FDGs) and their federations, (3) introduction of locally interests of poor forest users in policy and decision making. 36 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 As a start-up activity for the poor and the extremely poor delayed and the scope and time-line for this activity have FDGs, the project has distributed a total of 3.5 tons of 16 been reduced. The training program for BFD staff and varieties of vegetable seeds; and 36,000 saplings of 5 community groups has seen some delays, but during 2015 varieties of quick growing fruit trees. These have helped both in-country and overseas training programs were almost all the FDG households not only to increase their underway. consumption of vegetables, but also to earn cash-income Project management.Under this component, which supports within a short period of time by selling surplus production. project management and incremental operating costs, a functional PIU was set up in 2014 and hasremained in The Project has facilitated establishment of 55 Mutual operation. The PIU is also providing necessary support for Rotating Savings and Loan Funds (MRSLF) at the Union ensuring social and environmental safeguards. FDG Federations to provide loan support for alternative Cross-cutting activities that continued in 2015 included income generating activities to match their members’ establishment of grievance redress mechanisms and contributions. AF has disbursed BDT 44.6 million to MRSLF implementation of important recommendations in accounts of Union FDG Federations to match their own BDT accordance with the Environmental Management 5.2 million savings. The Union Federations of FDGs so far Framework and Social Management Framework. have disbursed loans to 2635 FDG members. The majority of the support went to develop livestock for subsistence and income earning. This support has ranged from purchasing 05. RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AND cows and goats to improved breeds. The second most RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT attractive livelihood source was leasing land for cultivating PROJECT II (RERED II), SOLAR rice. In order to reduce fuel wood consumption of the FDG IRRIGATION PROJECT households and to reduce forest degradation, improved Project number: P131263 cook stoves were provided to 5,530 FDG households. A Grant amount: $10 million Responsible agency: Infrastructure Development study carried out by a partner NGO shows the average Company Limited (IDCOL) fuelwood saving per day per house is around 1.45 kg, which is 50% of the requirement for traditional cooking stoves. It Background and objectives also reduces the cooking time by 44 minutes per day and Rain-fed agriculture was dominant in Bangladesh until reduces 338g ash production per day. mechanized irrigation was introduced in the 1970s to increase agricultural productivity and meet the demands of Capacity building.This component deals with capacity the growing population. Diesel-driven irrigation plays an development of the BFD and local communities, improving important role given the low access to electricity in rural the planning system, and undertaking studies.The Bangladesh. As irrigation schemes became popular, fuel component includes capacity building of the Resource costs became a burden on rural households as well as on Information Management System which is intended to the national economy. As part of the Government of support monitoring and to create a GIS based data Bangladesh’s strategy for addressing off-grid electrification, management center for BFD to operate as a self-sustaining mitigating climate change, and ensuring food security, in body in the longer term. The PIU has prepared a draft June 2012 the MC approved preparation of a Solar Irrigation National Forest Policy using a consultative process. The Project to replace diesel-driven pumps with solar pumps. updating of the long term Forest Master Plan has been ANNUAL REPORT 2015 37 RERED II Solar panels funded by BCCRF The World Bank’s Board of Executive Directors approved The overall resources agreed upon for RERED II are as RERED II in September 2012 that included solar irrigation follows: IDA, $155 million; BCCRF, $10 million; amongst other interventions, and the GC approved the Solar KreditanstaltfürWiederaufbau (Reconstruction Credit Irrigation Project in June 2013. The grant agreement for $10 Institute, KfW), $12.9 million; and USAID, $7.6 million. million was signed in September 2013. BCCRF funds will be used solely for the solar irrigation component. This project is cofinanced with RERED II, a larger-scale IDA project expected to provide electricity to 2.5 million people Updated status and clean cooking solutions to more than 1 million Disbursements for the Solar Irrigation Project began in households. The cofinancing arrangement with an IDA 2014. After some initial delays, the pace of solar-powered project expedited the formulation of the Solar Irrigation irrigation pump installation has picked up. Out of all the Project, and appraisal was completed two months after MC pumps approved by IDCOL for financing, 221 had been approval. installed by the end of 2015 which are earmarked for BCCRF. Out of which 221, 41 have been fully paid up using The Government of Bangladesh established IDCOL in 1997 BCCRF funds. The remaining 180 have been installed and to bridge the financing gap for developing infrastructure and payments are going be made by IDCOL after inspection of renewable energy projects. IDCOL is responsible for the pumps and on submission of security documents from implementing RERED II, and it plans to finance 1,250 solar the sponsors. irrigation pumps. 38 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 The security docs are to safeguard the credit part of the 3.3 Analytical and Advisory pumps. The target for BCCRF funded pumps is around 531 Activities (AAAs) (of which 221 have been installed). The remaining target of 310 may change as project lessons to do with the most 3.3.1 Overview optimal size of pumps (and hence the number of pumps to Collaborating closely with the Government of Bangladesh be targeted) are being incorporated into implementation and other stakeholders, the World Bank provides analytical targets. support to address knowledge gaps affecting implementation of the government’s BCCSAP. Through a Another 400 pumps were in the pipeline for consideration at consultative process six knowledge gaps were identified in the end of 2015. These are in the 7–11kWp (kilowatt peak) 2010: size range and would each serve 30 acres with three-crop irrigation needs. Such large areas require agreements with (1) Impacts of climate change on vector-borne diseases 25–30 farmers for each pump location, which is a and implications for the health sector; (2) Natural disasters in a changing climate and the time-consuming and difficult task. IDCOL is currently applicability of risk-financing instruments; assessing the feasibility of smaller (3 kWp) pumps that (3) Waterlogging of urban areas in a changing climate and would serve smaller land sizes involving agreements with potential damage and adaptation; two to three farmers for each pump (this will be under the (4) Risks to coastal zones in a changing climate and from ownership model where one farmer will own the pump as ingress of the salinity frontier; opposed to the current fee for service model where private (5) Assessment of the threat of climate-induced sector operator owns the pumps and sells water to farmers). outmigration from vulnerable areas; Once the smaller pumps are found to be economically (6) Economic assessment of ways to improve energy cost-effective relative to diesel pumps, these will be efficiency and green growth in Bangladesh. considered for financing, contributing to faster installation. Given the continued decline in solar panel prices and The following sections present an overview of the selection increase in diesel costs, individually owned pumps could process and of the AAAs that were approved by the MC.Five prove to be the most economical alternative in the near AAAs have been undertaken and are summarized in Table future. This would allow RERED II to replicate the ownership 8. (Further detail on these was provided earlier, in section model of solar home systems for the irrigation pumps. 2.3 of this annual report.) A sixth AAA, “Scaling Up Innovation in Disaster Risk Management in Bangladesh,” was originally approved, but IDCOL has been using funds from BCCRF, GPOBA, was later dropped after discussions with counterparts USAID, and KfW for the irrigation pumps installed so far. because the study topic was covered under another Going forward, it is expected that BCCRF funds will support initiative. the installation of 518 irrigation pumps, fully using the allocation of $10 million by the fund closing date of December 31, 2016. ANNUAL REPORT 2015 39 Table 8: AAAs under Implementation BCCRF MC Title Status Approved amount approval date (US$, millions ) October 2011 Impact of Climate Change on Climate Complete 0.3 (modified in) Sensitive Diseases and Implications for the Health Sector October 2011 Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka Area in a Changing Climate: Vulnerability, Adaptation Complete 0.51 and Potential Costs June 2012 Guidance Note for the Urir Char-Noakhali Cross Dam Complete 0.73 November 2012 Innovations in Flood Risk Mitigation in Dhaka Underway 0.3 November 2012 Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Complete 0.25 Making in Bangladesh: Spatial and Temporal Downscaling 40 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 3.3.2 Implementation Progress for Objective and outcome Analytical and Advisory Activities To understand the health implications of climate change, the approved by the MC study examined detailed data on rainfall, temperature, and extreme weather events in Bangladesh and analyzed the 01. IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON links between climate variability and incidence of CLIMATE-SENSITIVE DISEASES AND climate-sensitive diseases. This study was followed by an IMPLICATIONS FOR THE HEALTH examination of the implications of this assessment for the SECTOR design of prevention and treatment policies. Given that the Project number: P143457 Government of Bangladesh needs to plan health-related Grant amount: Originally approved $0.2 million, increased public expenditures in advance, this type of analysis could by $0.1 million in 2012 to a total of $0.3 million influence policy options in the next 10–15 years. Background The analysis also reviewed existing health projects as well Bangladesh is one of the most climate-vulnerable countries as studies on the costs of health interventions to reduce the in the world. Climate variability and extreme weather events, incidence of disease and related mortality and morbidity, such as inland and coastal floods, droughts, tropical with a specific focus on areas expected to be most cyclones, and storm surges, are projected to become more vulnerable to the health impacts of climate change. The frequent and severe as average temperatures rise with study tested various methodological approaches for climate change. Added to the climate risks are rapid but estimating the costs of dealing with major climate-sensitive unplanned urbanization, with a growing slum population, diseases. The research has made a major contribution to inadequate access to safe drinking water and sanitary better public health policy making in the context of climate facilities, high levels of poverty and population density, and change adaptation in the region. high prevalence of malnutrition and disease incidence among children. The adverse health consequences of Methodology and data increased climate risks are likely to worsen the situation if The study involved the following activities: well-targeted and cost-effective health adaptation measures  Quantification of the impact of climate variability and are not put in place now. Important vector species (for extreme events on the incidence of climate-sensitive example, mosquitoes) may increase the spread of diseases, using econometric models vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue fever,  Projection of future health burdens, taking account of lymphatic filariasis, kala azar (visceral leishmaniasis), population growth and estimating the population at risk encephalitis, and chikungunya in both new and existing across space areas that lack strong public health infrastructure. Climate  Estimation of the costs of health adaptation, using project change is also likely to increase the incidence of waterborne information to assess costs based on unit values multiplied infectious diseases and bring additional stresses such as by the target population living in vulnerable areas and by dehydration, malnutrition, and heat-related morbidity, incidence of diseases especially among children and the elderly. A high priority for  Estimation of the costs of health adaptation, including the policy planning in the coming decades is to improve the costs of treating additional cases (reactive adaptation) and ability of the health system to deal effectively with the the costs of taking preventive measures to reduce the changing health risks both in scale and in spatial distribution incidence of disease (proactive adaptation)  Estimation of the costs of health adaptation, considering health outcomes, type of intervention ANNUAL REPORT 2015 41 (treatment or prevention), expected reduction in the incidence  Rapid urbanization and a growing urban slum population of mortality and morbidity in relation to all identified are quickly changing the population dynamics in vector-borne diseases, and geographic region where the Bangladesh, which has implications for climate-induced impact is expected health risks.  Use of cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis to  Cost-effectiveness analysis should be fully implemented assess whether these costs are reasonable by both government units and donor agencies to inform the  Use of data from various sources, such as national health allocation and prioritization of public resources. surveys, weather station data, and various time-series disease-monitoring data The research was well publicized in 2014. A prepublication webinar was hosted on March 18 by the BRAC University Updated status Distance Learning Centre to seek comments from The final report on this activity was completed in 2015 and stakeholders. In July 2014, a World Bank blog discussed the benefited from comments from BCCRF stakeholders as well report’s findings. The hard copies were distributed among as sector technical experts. The report, “Climate Change stakeholders in 2015. In addition, a video about the report is and Health Impacts: How Vulnerable Is Bangladesh and accessible at https://vimeo.com/114833589. What Needs to Be Done?” is available online. Its key findings are as follows:  Impact of climate variability on childhood diseases is significant and varies by season, but investment in traditional areas of development can mitigate to a great extent the excessive health burden attributable to climate change.  Strong seasonal patterns are identified between climate variability and vector-borne diseases, but future efforts should focus on filling the evidence gap on cost-effectiveness of various control and management programs. Book cover for the climate health impacts study Screen shot of the short video describing the study findings. 42 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 02. URBAN FLOODING OF GREATER Methodology and data DHAKA AREA IN A CHANGING CLIMATE: This study used information on topography, land cover, river VULNERABILITY, ADAPTATION AND stage, river flow, river sections, river alignments, land cover, POTENTIAL COSTS meteorological records, population density and various Project number: P133511 other socioeconomic characteristics of constituent wards of Grant amount: $0.51 million Greater Dhaka Area for (i) hydrological modeling and development of flood adaptation measures, (ii) spatial Background ranking of flood vulnerability, (iii) evaluation of expected Megacity Dhaka encounters various kinds of natural damage from flooding, and (iv) estimation of adaptation disasters quite frequently owing to its geographical location costs. In addition, this study used Climate Disaster and a number of other physical and environmental Resilience Index (CDRI) - a planning tool developed by the conditions including low topography, land characteristics, Climate and Disaster Resilience Initiative of the Kyoto multiplicity of rivers and the monsoon climate. Climate and University to measure climate disaster resilience of Dhaka disaster resilience are not the same in all parts of a city. City in its seven drainage zones - at ward and thana level. To Spatial variations in resilience patterns result from compute Dhaka’s CDRI, a micro-level analysis was differences in the strengths and weaknesses of the city’s conducted and local situations of wards and thanas were economic, social, physical, institutional or natural aspects assessed collecting survey data. The CDRI was quantified across its various parts. Traditional frameworks to assess with 125 variables (25 components along five dimensions adaptive capacity at the local level have focused largely on physical, social, economic, institutional and natural). assets and capitals as indicators. While useful in understanding the capacity of a system to cope with disasters and adapt to changing environments, asset-oriented approaches overlook the processes and functions of a system (for example, governance system, community participation in decision-making, knowledge dissemination and management, structure of institutions and entitlements etc.) that are important aspects influencing the capacity of a human system to respond to climate change events. Objectives and expected outcome The study aimed to assess the capacity of the Dhaka metropolitan area to address current climate variability, to predict climate change-induced flooding and waterlogging, to forecast changes in the depth and duration of location-specific waterlogging, and to estimate potential damage. It also aimed to identify adaptation options and define key policy priorities for decision makers in dealing with the impacts of climate change. Cover for the Bangladesh Development Series publication on Climate and Disaster Reseilience of Greater Dhaka Area: A Micro Level Analysis ANNUAL REPORT 2015 43 Updated status The study is complete. The authors found that floods and line.The book can be accessed here: waterlogging in Dhaka regularly disrupt the lives and https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/22768 livelihoods of the city dwellers and most adversely affect the The Development Series paper (World Bank, 2015) can be fringe areas and slums. With more frequent and intense accessed here: rainfall, climate change is likely to further aggravate flooding http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/11/254778 and waterlogging in the coming decades. The study 35/climate-disaster-resilience-greater-dhaka-area-micro-lev calculated potential damages from waterlogging between el-analysis 2014 and 2050 will be BDT 110 billion in Dhaka even if When the report was published it was the subject of much climate change is not considered. In a changing climate, the publicity. It was featured on the main World Bank website and loss will be BDT 139 billion due to waterlogging caused by in many newspaper articles in Bangladesh (See Annex 4). more intense rainfall events predicted between 2014 and 2050. The study estimates if an intense rainfall, like the rainfall of September 2004 (341mm in 24 hours) occurs in 2050, then Dhaka will need BDT 2.7 billion investment in stormwater drainage pumps, drainage pipe clearing and other measures to reduce inundation depth to 4-8 inches in every neighborhood within 12 hours. The amount is equivalent to 0.35 percent of the government’s annual development budget expenditure for 2014-2015. Dhaka will need the investment in addition to the improvements in the drainage infrastructure proposed in RAJUK’s Detailed Area Plan, Dhaka WASA’s Sewerage Master Plan and Narayanganj City Corporation’s Concept Vision Plan. The incremental cost of adaptation for Dhaka to climate change by 2050 will be about BDT 1.3 billion. The study also investigates whether it is worthwhile to undertake the recommended investment, and found potential damages from waterlogging due to intense rainfall events between 2014 and 2050 would be reduced significantly to BDT 49 billion in a changing climate and to BDT 37 billion in absence of climate change, if BDT 2.7 billion investment is made. Book cover for the Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate The final report has been published in book form (Dasgupta et al, 2015) and the results summarized in a World Bank Development Series paper (World Bank, 2015). Both the book and the development series paper are available on 44 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 03. GUIDANCE NOTE FOR THE URIR CHAR–NOAKHALI CROSS DAM Project number: P144068 Grant amount: $0.73 million Background Land accretion and erosion in the Meghna Estuary is a Methodology and data continuous and gradual natural process. Approximately 1.1 The activity covered the following tasks: billion tons of sediment is transported to the Bay of Bengal  Review of all related available documents, particularly through the Lower Meghna River and gives rise to natural feasibility and technical studies for cross dam works accretion in the shallow water areas of the Meghna Estuary.  Undertake surveys, investigations, analyses, and all At present, 9 square kilometers of land rises each year in the comprehensive modeling required to provide guidelines to Meghna Estuary because of natural accretion. However, a support the proposed project structural intervention is required to accelerate the rate of  Propose a monitoring and evaluation framework along land accretion for this land-hungry country. Many studies with the establishment of a baseline for monitoring indicators have been conducted regarding the Meghna Estuary,  Prepare indicative project cost and benefit estimates, examining the possibilities of land reclamation from the sea guidelines for social and environmental considerations, and the use of reclaimed land mainly for agricultural investment scheduling, and economic and financial purposes. Two cross dams have already been constructed analyses including sensitivity analyses for possible in the Meghna Estuary in 1957 and in 1964. The success of scenarios these cross dams has encouraged the government to construct new cross dams in this area. Updated status This study is complete. A final report, “Cross Dam Objectives and expected outcome Development Project: Guidelines for the Construction of the This study was requested by the Government of Bangladesh Urir Char–Noakhali Cross Dam,” was provided to the and endorsed by the BCCRF MC as a priority research Government of Bangladesh on November 22, 2014. project concerning the possibility of developing the Urir Char–Noakhali Cross Dam. Previous studies to support the construction of the cross dam were based on limited 04. INNOVATIONS IN FLOOD RISK information and modeling of the dynamics of the coastal MITIGATIONIN DHAKA area. The proposed cross dam is expected to reclaim Project number: P148929 around 10,000 hectares of land within seven years after Grant amount: $0.3 million construction. Given the concerns associated with accreting lands in vulnerable areas and to avoid providing perverse Background incentives for people to move to areas exposed to coastal The study on “Innovations in Flood Risk Mitigation in Dhaka” erosion and cyclone landfalls, the design of the cross dam is supported through a BCCRF Grant/TF (No. 016647) of would need to be resilient to short- and long-term risks. US$ 300,000. The main objective of the report is to provide Therefore the objective of the technical note was to inform recommendations to the Government of Bangladesh for Bank specialists and to support the Government of long term adaptive management of flood risks in the city Bangladesh and the Bangladesh Water Development Board using innovative eco-engineering approaches in the greater (BWDB) with targeted knowledge to support the preparation Dhaka area. of the cross dam project. ANNUAL REPORT 2015 45 The intent is also to propose specific interventions that  Another important finding of this report is that while some would exemplify what such an approach would entail. This parts of the DAP area have municipal management, in other requires a detailed understanding of local context and areas there is no municipal agency responsible for urban hydrology, flood risk assessment, institutional setting and service delivery or for flood risk management and mitigation. capacities, previous government responses to flood risk and This is done by a complex web of national, urban and also a review of international experience with eco-engineering. rural agencies in different parts of the DAP area. Thus, flood risk management needs to be linked to broader The study’s analysis focuses on the following areas: (i) improvement of municipal service delivery in the DMA and Assessment of flood risk; (ii) Historical review of flood risk DAP area. management in greater Dhaka; (iii) Assessment of Institutional Capacity for Flood Risk Management; (iv)  Third, a historical analysis of infrastructure investments Review of International Experience with Green Defense and for flood risk management in DMA and the broader DAP Eco-engineering Approaches to Flood Risk Mitigation; and area show that infrastructure investments have taken place (v) Identification of eco-engineering measures. in an adhoc way since the 1950s. Even though they are an important aspect of flood risk management in the greater Progress between July-December 2015 Dhaka area, the current functioning of the infrastructure Between July and December 2015, a first draft of the report network needs to be improved and connectivity to the river was prepared. This was done based on document collection system reestablished to address the issue of waterlogging and review, fieldwork, and stakeholder consultations and flooding in different parts of the DMA and DAP areas. undertaken in the year prior to that. How this can be done is also very distinct in different parts of Dhaka. Preliminary Findings Emerging highlights from the study related to flood risk  While addressing flood risk in Dhaka is complex, the study management in Dhaka Metropolitan area (DMA) and proposes concrete ways of adjusting course towards a more Greater Dhaka—also known as Detailed Area Plan (DAP) sustainable path toward flood risk management in greater area are presented below: Dhaka.  While it is well recognized that flooding and water logging Updated status in Dhaka are due to a number of factors such as river The original closing date of the TF was January 2015. flooding, intense heavy rainfall and lack of an integrated However, it was first extended to October 30, 2015 due to flood risk management approach, an important finding of delayed start of the study. A second extension was granted this report is that the factors contributing to flooding and in order to expand range of stakeholders to be consulted. water logging in Greater Dhaka need to be understood in a The study is expected to end within the current end date, spatially disaggregated way. Factors contributing to water which is June 30, 2016. logging in the Dhaka-Narayanganj-Demra (DND) area are not the same as factors contributing to flooding in the western or eastern parts of the DAP area. Thus a uniform approach to flood risk management may not be feasible for the entire DMA or DAP area. 46 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Photo: Mahfuzul Hasan Bhuiyan (Rana) 05. MAKING CLIMATE DATA RELEVANT climate models and regional and local scale processes TO DECISION MAKING IN BANGLADESH: represents a major problem. In recent years, as policy SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL makers are calling for more information on local climate DOWNSCALING change scenarios, various statistical downscaling methods are in use to provide finer resolution climate scenarios for Project number: P146094 Grant amount: $0.25 million impacts modeling. These downscaling methods are founded on statistical methods for characterizing present and future Background climate behavior at regional scales, and depend on GCM Bangladesh is one of the most climate vulnerable countries outputs to run future scenarios. in the world. Initial experience of adaptation to climate change in various countries shows that early adaptation is Objectives and expected outcome effective for avoiding damage, provided the projections of To better understand the implications of climate change for future climate change are sufficiently accurate; and delayed different regions in Bangladesh, this analytical work was adaptation, perhaps due to uncertainty, may lead to greater designed toproduce statistical downscaled projections for subsequent costs. Hence, integration of climate risk temperature and precipitation (rainfall) on a spatial grid of information in planning is now a priority for policymakers, 50km – 100km and its aggregation for the Ganges basin, public investment planners, environmental agencies and Brahmaputra basin, country Bangladesh and its different key donors. However, direct uses of Global Climate Model regions. To capture the uncertainty of the extent of climate (GCM) outputs are often not appropriate for adaptation change, different climate models and alternative climate planning due to their coarse spatial and temporal resolution scenarios from the IPCC Assessment Reports were of GCMs. Hence, bridging the gap between the resolution of considered. ANNUAL REPORT 2015 47 Methodology and data This project provides data from 17 General Circulation the two RCPs across all years from 1950 to 2099. All these Models (GCMs) developed for the Intergovernmental Panel GCMs were downscaled to a 0.25 degree resolution (around on Climate ChangeFifth Assessment Report (CMIP5 25 by 25 kilometers grid cell) for 1950–2099. These data Archive) run across two representative concentration were downscaled using the Bias-Corrected-Spatial- pathways (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5). Table 9 below lists the Disaggregation methods. specific GCMs used by this project. This is only a subset of the GCMs in the CMIP5 archive; the listed GCMs were selected because they provide data at a daily timescale for Photo: Mahfuzul Hasan Bhuiyan (Rana) 48 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Table 9: List of 17 Downscaled General Circulation Models from the CMIP5 Archives Used in this Analytical Activity Model name Lead research center BCC-CSM1.1 Beijing Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration BNU-ESM College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University CanESM2 Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis CCSM4 National Center for Atmospheric Research CESM1-BGC National Science Foundation, Department of Energy, National Center for Atmospheric Research Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques / Centre Europeen de Recherche et Formation Avancees en CNRM-CM5 Calcul Scientifique GFDL-ESM2G Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory GFDL-ESM2M Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory INM-CM4 Institute for Numerical Mathematics IPSL-CM5A-LR Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace IPSL-CM5A-MR Institute Pierre-Simon Laplace Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (The University of MIROC5 Tokyo), and National Institute for Environmental Studies MIROC-ESM Same as MIROC5 MIROC-ESM-CHEM Same as MIROC5 MPI-ESM-LR Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M) MPI-ESM-MR Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M) MRI-CGCM3 Meteorological Research Institute ANNUAL REPORT 2015 49 Updated status http://sdvmd1.worldbank.org/climateportal/index.cfm?page The study is complete. The major output was downscaled =websalinity_dynamics&ThisRegion=Asia&ThisCcode=BG climate data from models referred to by IPCC Assessment D ) was developed from an already existing desktop Report 5 for the territory of Bangladesh and its sub-regions. version using funding from this BCCRF AAA. The downscaled data can be found athttp://climatewizard.ciat.cgiar.org/wbclimateanalysistool/ The results of the study can be accessed in the World Bank Climate Change portal . This provides access to a Climate Users can scroll down the webpage and download the Users Analysis Tool web application which allows users to explore Guidance Manual which provides the information necessary and access downscaled climate data for Bangladesh and to use the climate analysis tool. subnational regions. The tool (which is powered by “Climate Wizard” software) provides access to a range of climate In order to illustrate application of downscaled climate relevant parameters and statistics derived from General information to potential users in Bangladesh, the web Circulation Models used in the 5th Assessment Report of the version of the Salinity Information System (reference: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. . Photo: Mahfuzul Hasan Bhuiyan (Rana) The portal can be accessed here: http://sdwebx.worldbank.org/climateportal/index.cfm?page=websalinity_about&ThisRegion=Asia&ThisCcode=BGD The climate analysis tool can be found here: http://climatewizard.ciat.cgiar.org/wbclimateanalysistool/. The IPCC fifth assessment report can be found here: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/ 50 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 4 FUTURE ACTIVITIES IN 2016 52 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 4.1 Program Management BCCRF program management priorities will focus on the following:  Continuing to regularly monitor the BCCRF results framework  Continuing to communicate BCCRF progress regularly to the development partners and stakeholders through outreach activities and the BCCRF website 4.2 Investment Project Supervision The World Bank will continue to provide supervisory support and development partner briefings for the following recipient-executed projects:  Community Climate Change Project (CCCP)  Climate-Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project (CRPARP) FUTURE  Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development project II (RERED II), Solar Irrigation Project Emergency Cyclone Recovery and Restoration project ACTIVITIES  (ECRRP)(This project will continue to be supervised by the Bank team, however, since the BCCRF funded portion has IN 2016 been fully implemented, there will no longer be any donor briefing meetings going forwards). Building on the achievements in 2015, the World Bank 4.3 Analytical and Advisory BCCRF work program will focus in 2016 on program Activities (AAA) management, supervision of the remaining three Implementation Investment Projects that expect to complete their activities in 2016, and completion of the final AAA. The World Bank will continue to manage the following Bank-executed AAA, including provision of development partner briefings on progress:  Innovations in Flood Risk Mitigation in Dhaka Table 10 presents details of the proposed 2016 work plan: Photo: Zeeshan Khan ANNUAL REPORT 2015 53 Table 10: Proposed Annual Work Plan, January – December 2016 Activity Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 I. Program management Results framework Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing monitoring monitoring monitoring monitoring Communications Ongoing Ongoing outreach Ongoing Ongoing outreach outre ach outreach Annual report Annual Report 2015 printed and disseminated Trusteeship Fund management II. Investment project supervision Community Climate Change Project Project Project Proje ct Project (CCCP) operational operational operational closing Climate -Resilient Project Project Project Project Participatory Afforestation operational operational operational closing and Reforestation Project (CRPARP) Rural Electrification and Project Project Project Project Renewable Energy operational operational operational closing Development project II (RERED II), Solar Irrigation Project III. Analytical and advisory activities (AAAs) Innovations in Flood Risk Ongoing AAA Publish and Mitigation in Dhaka work disseminate final report 54 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 REFERENCES Dasgupta et al, 2015 Dasgupta, Susmita, Asif Zaman, Subhendu Roy, Mainul Huq, Sarwar Jahan and Ainun Nishat. Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk, Directions in Development, Washington D.C., World Bank 2015 https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/22768 Government of Bangladesh. 2009. Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2009. Dhaka: Ministry of Environment and Forests. http://www.climatechangecell.org.bd/Documents/climate_change_strategy2009.pdf World Bank 2015a. Climate Change and Health Impacts: How Vulnerable is Bangladesh and What is to be Done?,Final Report, World Bank, 2015 https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/21820 World Bank, 2015. Climate and Disaster Resilience of Greater Dhaka Area: A Micro Level Analysis. Bangladesh Development Series paper No 32, World Bank, November 2015 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/11/25477835/climate-disaster-res ilience-greater-dhaka-area-micro-level-analysis ANNUAL REPORT 2015 55 Photo: Zeeshan Khan ANNEXES 58 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Photo: Mahfuzul Hasan Bhuiyan (Rana) Annex A. BCCRF Governance and Roles The BCCRF is an innovative partnership of the Government The GC’s primary responsibility is to provide advisory of Bangladesh, development partners, and the World Bank guidance on the program’s strategic goals, including to address the impacts of climate change. Leadership in approval of project proposals, ensuring alignment with the implementing the BCCRF rests with the Government of Government of Bangladesh’s climate change strategy, Bangladesh, in collaboration with the development partners setting grant criteria, and providing guidance on the eventual and the World Bank. The multidonor partnership is designed transfer of the BCCRF Secretariat function to the MoEF. to enable the Government of Bangladesh to channel grant funds to millions of Bangladeshis to help build their A.2 Management Committee resilience to the effects of climate change. The BCCRF’s governance structure consists of three tiers: The MC is a small technical committee, chaired by the the Governing Council (GC), the Management Committee secretary of the MoEF,whose members include two other (MC), and the Secretariat. MoEFrepresentatives (the joint secretary, development, and the deputy secretary, environment); one representative from the ERD (additional secretary); one representative from the A.1 Governing Council Planning Commission (General Economic Division); two The GC provides overall strategic direction and guidance to representatives from contributing development partners; the BCCRF and ensures its alignment with the BCCSAP one representative from the World Bank; and one (Government of Bangladesh 2009). It is a high-level representative from civil society. committee chaired by the Minister of Environment and Forests (MoEF) and comprises the respective ministers from The MC’s primary responsibilities are to (a) carry out the Ministries of Agriculture, Finance, Food and Disaster detailed reviews of grant requests submitted by the Management, Foreign Affairs, Water Resources, and secretariat; (b) ensure that grant requests submitted are in Women and Children Affairs; secretaries from the Office of line with the Implementation Manual; and (c) recommend the Prime Minister, the MoEF, the Economic Relations projects for preparation to the GC. The MC also reviews and Division (ERD) of the Ministry of Finance, and Ministry of endorses the Implementation Manual, the work program, Planning; two representatives from the contributing and budget allocations as well as the reports prepared by development partners; two representatives from civil the secretariat for submission to the GC before public society; and the country director of the World Bank’s Dhaka dissemination. If funding is required for project preparation, Office as an observer. the MC recommends the amount needed to the GC. ANNUAL REPORT 2015 59 A.3 Secretariat On February 23, 2011, the MC approved the establishment effectiveness (monies are used for the intended purposes of a BCCRF Secretariat at the MoEF to support the and toward targeted results). administration of BCCRF activities. The GC subsequently approved an allocation of $0.2 million on May 19, 2011, for To pursue the above principles, the World Bank is currently the establishment of the secretariat. On July 1, 2012, the performing three functions:a secretariat function, a trustee MoEFjoint secretary was appointed as BCCRF project function, and a task team function.The latter is performed by director to lead the BCCRF Secretariat, and a consultant task teams led by technical specialists (for example,in came on board in November 2012 as the first dedicated staff agriculture, energy, and environment) as task team leaders for the MoEF BCCRF Secretariat. Subsequently staffing (TTLs) and comprising team members such as procurement slowly increased, and offices were refurbished and specialists, financial management specialists, safeguard equipped. specialists, and lawyers. The World Bank team has continued to perform a large part of the secretariat’s The BCCRF secretariat’s main functions were intended to originally planned functions. include day-to-day support to the MC and GC, advocacy, communications, donor coordination, program-level The World Bank was selected to perform these functions monitoring and evaluation, and preparation and because of its extensive experience in managing trust funds. implementation of the eventual transfer of the BCCRF Among the active trust funds of the World Bank Group’s secretariat functions from the World Bank to the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Government of Bangladesh. (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA), multi-donor trust funds such as BCCRF account for roughly A.4 Role of the World Bank 50 percent. In addition, the World Bank is well positioned to share its analytical and technical advisory experience on The World Bank is responsible for satisfying due diligence international best practices in development. Hence, it is also requirements for the BCCRF. The World Bank ensures that providing analytical work, knowledge management, and BCCRF resources for project implementation and other technical assistance for the implementation of the activities are used with attention to the principles of (a) government’s BCCSAP through BCCRF. economy (costs are kept low); (b) efficiency (BCCRF is getting the most out of the expenditures); and (c) 60 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Annex B. BCCRF Results Framework, June 2013 Objective 1: The Government of Bangladesh demonstrates capacity to lead and manage BCCRF through a functioning secretariat within MoEF. Outcomes Outcome indicators Outputs Output indicators Outcome 1. 1 1.1 Percentage of meetings 1.1 MC and GC 1.1 Percentage of decisions Demonstrated capacity of where decisions have been meetings focus on made in MC and GC meetings secretariat to lead formally agreed to or signed decisions and follow-up that were followed up on or governing committees off on by the Government of completed through other Bangladesh means, such as agreement to endorse a decision on an issue or drop them Outcome 1. 2 1.2.1 Percentage of 1.2.1 Sector guides and 1.2.1.1 Percentage of Demonstrated capacity of investment proposals where prioritization criteria investment proposals aligned secretariat to manage and secretariat guides sector made available to sector with the sector guides provide oversight on organizations to submit organizations 1.2.1.2 Percentage of BCCRF activities quality proposals 1.2.2 Human resources investment proposals reviewed 1.2.2 Level and quality of and fiduciary systems through lens of prioritization human resources and are in place and criteria fiduciary due diligence functional in secretariat 1.2.2.1 Number of qualified associated with secretariat human resources recruited activities 1.2.2.2 Percentage of annual procurement transactions and financial audits completed Outcome 1.3 1.3 Percentage of indicators 1.3.1 Monitoring and 1.3.1.1 Percentage of indicators Demonstrated capacity of that are measured annually evaluation (M&E) system from M&E system that are secretariat to measure using verifiable means in place to track BCCRF reported on to track BCCRF and report on BCCRF progress progress results achieved 1.3.1.2 Number of quarterly monitoring reports on BCCRF progress produced and disseminated ANNUAL REPORT 2015 61 Outcome 1.4 1.4 Percentage of 1.4.1 Communication plan that 1.4.1 Percentage of annual Demonstrated capacity stakeholder groups that includes activities on activities endorsed in of secretariat to report satisfaction with communications outreach and communication plan that are contribute to wider level of communication, dissemination of knowledge implemented on time communication, coordination, and 1.4.2 LCGand other platforms 1.4.2 Number of LCG-related coordination and knowledge sharing capitalized upon to enhance meetings or workshops in which knowledge sharing with offered through or by coordination and share lessons best practices and lessons from multiple stakeholders, BCCRF among the stakeholders BCCRF initiatives are discussed including donors and and acted upon NGOs Objective 2: BCCRF investments contribute to climate resiliency of targeted vulnerable population. Outcomes Outcome indicators Outputs Output indicators Outcome 2.1 BCCRF 2.1 Percentage of 2.1 Innovative proposals 2.1 Percentage of proposals incentivizes investments proposals approved that submitted submitted that are innovative that are innovative in a are innovative climate change program Outcome 2.2 Improved 2.2 Demonstrated 2.2.1 Households in 2.2.1 Number of households in resilience to climate climate change climate-vulnerable areas with climate-vulnerable areas with change effects in resiliency measures increased access to food increased access to food targeted population adopted with BCCRF 2.2.2 Farmers adopting 2.2.2 Number of farmers adopting financing climate-adaptive agriculture climate-adaptive agriculture 2.2.3 Climate-resilient 2.2.3 Number of climate-resilient infrastructure assets created infrastructure assets created 2.2.4 Farmers with access to 2.2.4 Number of farmers with clean energy services access to clean energy services 2.2.5 Area covered under 2.2.5 Area restored, afforested, or afforestation and reforestation reafforested (in hectares) program in climate-vulnerable 2.2.6 Community jobs (days, areas millions) created through 2.2.6 More community jobs in afforestation and reforestation forestry sector in program climate-vulnerable areas 2.2.7 Number of community-based 2.2.7 Community-based subgrants awarded subgrants awarded 2.2.8 Percentage of communities 2.2.8 Community mechanisms where mechanisms are established and functioning to established and functioning in respond effectively to specific selected communities to respond climate risk effectively to specific climate risk 62 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Objective 3: The Government of Bangladesh demonstrates strategic leadership on national climate change policy and global climate financing. Outcomes Outcome indicators Outputs Output indicators Outcome 3.1 Increased 3.1 Number of entities that 3.1 Proposals submitted 3.1 Number of entities identified capacity of entity within submit draft NIE packages from potential candidates in for possible NIE accreditation and outside government using UNFCCC guidelines line with UNFCCC to submit proposal for NIE to the Government of guidelines accreditation Bangladesh for review Outcome 3.2 Increased 3.2 Number of policy 3.2 Mechanisms for 3.2 Number of knowledge knowledge and lessons recommendations from knowledge management management activities learned to inform climate BCCRF activities and policy dialogue that are (including Bank-executed AAAs change policy in place or other important policy workshops or papers) undertaken on sector analyses or lessons learned from Bangladesh Outcome 3.3 3.3 Number of requests by 3.3 Lessons offered through 3.3.1 Number of events and Consideration of other countries to the written or other means papers through which the Bangladesh as an Government of Government of Bangladesh international model for Bangladesh to provide provides lessons from BCCRF implementing sound lessons learned on climate climate change adaptation change adaptation 3.3.2 Number of articles in solutions international and national media on BCCRF activities and results Note:MoEF = Ministry of Environment and Forests. GC = Governing Council. MC = Management Committee. NGO = nongovernmental organization. LCG = Local Consultative Group on Environment and Climate Change. AAAs = analytical and advisory activities. NIE = National Implementing Entity.UNFCCC = United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. ANNUAL REPORT 2015 63 Annex C. BCCRF Reporting Framework, December 2015 Target values Output Unit of Baseline Status as of Target value, Frequency Data Responsi- indicator measure Dec. 31, 2016–17 (Yr source or bility for 2015 (Yr 5) methodolo- data 3)of gy collection measure Objective 1: The Government of Bangladesh demonstrates capacity to lead and manage BCCRF through a functioning secretariat within MoEF. Output 1.1: MC and GC meetings focus on decisions and follow up. Output Percentage of 25% Target value: 90% Annual Minutes of MC World Bank team indicator 1.1 outstanding 50% and GC meetings (Yr 1), BCCRF Outstanding issues followed Actual: 100% Follow-up Secretariat with issues up There was one documents (for the support of followed up or formal MC example, letters World Bank team completed, meeting in written and so (Yr 2), BCCRF such as CY2015. As on) Secretariat (Yr 3 agreement to provided for onward) either endorse under the issues or drop Implementation them Manual the MC made several decisions virtually, such as approval to additional funding for CCCP. 64 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Target values Output Unit of Baseline Status as of Target value, Frequency Data source Responsibility indicator measure Dec. 31, 2016–17 (Yr 5) or for data 2015 (Yr 3) methodology collection Output 1.2.1: Prioritization criteria are made available to sector organizations. Output Number of 0 Target value: 100% Annual MC meeting BCCRF indicator investment 10% minutes, project Secretariat 1.2.1 proposals Actual: 100% evaluation Investment reviewed No new documents proposals that meet investment reviewed prioritization proposals were that meet criteria reviewed in prioritiza- CY2015. tion criteria However one additional financing proposal was reviewed and approved Output 1.2.2: Human resources and fiduciary systems are in place and functional in the BCCRF Secretariat. Output Number of 0 This indicator is 10 Annual Secretariat Secretariat and indicator staff no longer being capacity- World Bank 1.2.2 recruited tracked. building project team Qualified progress human reports, aide resources memoires, recruited procurement plans ANNUAL REPORT 2015 65 Output 1.3: A program monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system in place to track BCCRF progress. Target values Output Unit of Baseline Status as of Target value, Frequency Data source Responsibility indicator measure Dec. 31, 2016–17 (Yr 5) or for data 2015 (Yr 3) methodology collection Output Number of 0 This 4 Quarterly Quarterly World Bank indicator 1.3 quarterly indicator is monitoring team (Yr 1), Quarterly reports no longer report BCCRF monitoring prepared and being Secretariat reports on disseminated tracked. with the BCCRF support of progress World Bank produced and team (Yr 2), disseminated and BCCRF Secretariat (Yr 3 onward) Output 1.4: LCG and other platforms are capitalized upon to enhance coordination and share lessons among the stakeholders. Output Number of 0 Target 4 Annual LCG meeting BCCRF indicator 1.4 meetings value: 3 agenda and Secretariat LCG-related relating to Actual: 0 minutes meetings or best workshops in practices which best and practices and lessons lessons from learned BCCRF initiatives are discussed and acted 66 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Target values Output Unit of Baseline Status as of Target value, Frequency Data source Responsibility indicator measure Dec. 31, 2016–17 (Yr 5) or for data 2015 (Yr 3) methodology collection upon Objective 2: BCCRF investments contribute to climate resiliency of targeted vulnerable population. Output 2.1: Innovative proposals are submitted. Output Percentage 0 Target 50% Annual Evaluation of BCCRF indicator 2.1 of proposals value: 30% proposals Secretariat Submission that clearly Actual: 0% submitted with the of innovative articulate the No propos- support of proposals (as innovation als were World Bank a percentage submitted (Yr 2), of all projects during BCCRF submitted) CY2015. Secretariat (Yr 3 onward) Output 2.2.1: Households in climate-vulnerable areas have increased access to food. Output Tons, n.a. This grant n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. indicator thousands agreement 2.2.1 was not Incremental signed. This public storage indicator is capacity for therefore not food grain being (measuring tracked. the aggregate storage capacity of a total of ANNUAL REPORT 2015 67 Target values Output Unit of Baseline Status as of Target value, Frequency Data source Responsibility indicator measure Dec. 31, 2016–17 (Yr 5) or for data 2015 (Yr 3) methodology collection eight public silos) Output 2.2.2: Farmers are adopting climate-adaptive agriculture. Output n.a. n.a. In 2014, the n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. indicator Government 2.2.2 of Bangla- n.a. desh decided not to use BCCRF resources for the agriculture project. This indicator is therefore not being tracked. Output 2.2.3: Climate-resilient infrastructure assets are created. Output Number of 0 Target 61 Annual ECRRP Local indicator climate-resilie value: 61 progress Government 2.2.3 nt assets Actual: 61 reports and Engineering Climate As of Dec. aide Department resilient 31, 2015, memoires project infrastructure construction management assets of all unit for cyclone (cyclone planned shelter project shelters) cyclone created shelters under BCCRF was 68 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Target values Output Unit of Baseline Status as of Target value, Frequency Data source Responsibility indicator measure Dec. 31, 2015 2016–17 (Yr 5) or for data (Yr 3) methodology collection complete Output 2.2.4: Farmers have access to clean energy services. Output Number of 0 Target value: 531 The target Annual Solar IDCOL indicator solar 200 for BCCRF Irrigation 2.2.4 irrigation Actual: 221 funded pumps Project Installation of pumps (41 fully is around 531 progress solar installed financed) (of which 221 reports and irrigation Out of all the have been aide pumps pumps installed). The memoires approved by remaining IDCOL for target of 310 financing, 221 may change as which are project lessons earmarked for to do with the BCCRF had most optimal been installed size of pumps by the end of (and hence the 2015. Out of number of the221, 41 pumps to be have been targeted) are fully paid up being using BCCRF incorporated funds. The into remaining 180 implementation have been targets. installed and payments are going be made by IDCOL after inspection of the pumps ANNUAL REPORT 2015 69 Target values Output Unit of Baseline Status as of Target value, Frequency Data source Responsibility indicator measure Dec. 31, 2016–17 (Yr 5) or for data 2015 (Yr 3) methodology collection and on submission of security documents from the sponsors. The security docs are to safeguard the credit part of the pumps. Output 2.2.5: Areas covered under afforestation and reforestation program in climate-vulnerable areas. Output Hectares (ha) 0 Target value: 17,000 Annual CRPARP Bangladesh indicator afforested or 13,000 ha progress Forest 2.2.5 reafforested Actual: reports, Department Cumulative 13,139 ha third-party (BFD), area Areas monitoring, independent restored, totaling remote monitoring firm afforested, 13,139 ha sensing, and or were geographic reafforested restored, information afforested, system (GIS) or mapping reafforested by the end of 2015. Output 2.2.6: More community jobs in forestry sector in climate-vulnerable areas. Output Percentage 0% Target value: 70% Annual CRPARP BFD, indicator 30% progress independent 2.2.6 reports, 70 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Target values Output Unit of Baseline Status as of Target value, Frequency Data source Responsibility indicator measure Dec. 31, 2016–17 (Yr 5) or for data 2015 (Yr 3) methodology collection Increased Actual: 61% third-party monitoring firm household verification income of beneficiaries participating in alternative income-gen erating activities Output 2.2.7: Community-based subgrants are awarded. Output Number of 0 Target 44 Annual CCCP Palli indicator community- value: 40 progress Karma-Sahaya 2.2.7 based Actual: 41 reports, aide k Foundation Awards of subgrants By the end memoires (PKSF) community- awarded of 2015, 41 based subproject subgrants grants were awarded Output 2.2.8: Community mechanisms are established and functioning to respond effectively to specific climate risks. Output Percentage 5% Target 70% Annual CCCP PKSF indicator of total value: 50% progress 2.2.8 community- Actual: 65% reports, aide Communitie based memoires s for which organizations mechanisms that have are established establishe mechanisms ANNUAL REPORT 2015 71 Target values Output Unit of Baseline Status as of Target value, Frequency Data source Responsibility indicator measure Dec. 31, 2016–17 (Yr 5) or for data 2015 (Yr 3) methodology collection established mechanisms and and are functioning responding to respond effectively to effectively to specific specific climate risks climate risks Objective 3: The Government of Bangladesh demonstrates strategic leadership on national climate change policy and global climate financing. Output 3.1: Mechanisms for knowledge management and policy dialogue are in place. Output Number of 0 Target 10 Annual Annual World Bank indicator 3.1 knowledge value: 6 reports and BCCRF Knowledge activities Actual: 2 Secretariat management taking place In CY2015 a activities book launch (including was held on World November Bank-execut 23, 2015 for ed AAAs or the BCCRF other funded AAA important on urban policy flooding of workshops greater and papers) Dhaka. undertaken Another AAA on sector report on analyses or climate lessons change and health impacts was also published. 72 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Target values Output Unit of Baseline Status as of Target value, Frequency Data source Responsibility indicator measure Dec. 31, 2015 2016–17 (Yr 5) or for data (Yr 3) methodology collection learned from Bangladesh Output 3.2: Lessons are offered through written or other means. Output Number of 0 Target value: 4 Annual Media articles BCCRF indicator learning 1 Documentary Secretariat 3.2.1 events and Actual: 0 evidence of Events and documents lessons papers provided through Proceedings which the of workshops Government and of conferences Bangladesh Annual provides Report lessons from BCCRF Output Number of 0 Target value: 12 Annual Media articles Secretariat indicator media 5 3.2.2 articles Actual: 25 Articles in See Annex D internation ANNUAL REPORT 2015 73 Target values Output Unit of Baseline Status as of Target value, Frequency Data Responsibility indicator measure Dec. 31, 2016–17 source or for data 2015 (Yr 3) (Yr 5) methodology collection international for details and national media on BCCRF activities and results Note: MoEF = Ministry of Environment and Forests. MC = Management Committee (BCCRF). GC = Governing Council (BCCRF). CY = calendar year. ECRRP = Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project. LCG = Local Consultative Group on Environment and Climate Change. AAAs = analytical and advisory activities. CRPARP =Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project. CCCP = Community Climate Change Project. ERD = Economic Relations Division. RERED II = Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development II. 74 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Annex D. BCCRF Coverage in the Media Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project http://www.dhakatribune.com/business/2015/nov/25/wb-forestation-raises-income-coastal-and-hilly-people The Bangladesh Climate Change Resilient vegetable seeds, and 36,000 saplings of 5 varieties of quick Fund has allocated US$33.8m to implement growing fruit trees, said the World Bank in a statement. the project to be completed by next year Income of people in the country’s nine coastal and hilly “These have helped almost all the FDG households not only areas has increased after launching a project funded by the to increase their consumption of vegetables, but also earn World Bank nearly two and a half years ago. cash-income within a short period of time by selling surplus production.” The project titled Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation is being implemented in At least 30% income increase occurred in 19% of Cox’s Bazar, Chittagong, Noakhali, Lakshimipur, Barisal, households; another 35% households’ income increased Pakuakhali, Barguna, Bhola and Feni. more than 20%, but less than 30%; another 34% households’ income increased more than 10%, but less than The World Bank is supporting Bangladesh Forest 20%, according to the World Bank. Department to reduce forest degradation and increase forest coverage in a participatory way in above nine coastal and hilly districts. As a start-up activity for the poor and the extremely poor forest-depended groups (FDGs), the project has distributed in the last three seasons a total of 3.5 tons of 16 varieties of ANNUAL REPORT 2015 75 Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project http://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/93850/33.8m-climate-fund-helps-livelihoods-in-9-districts- hector and completed 1,505 km strip plantation, the World Bank said in the progress report. Almost 90 percent seedlings survived and the trees are growing healthily, it added. As a start-up activity for the poor and the extremely poor forest-depended groups (FDGs), the project has distributed in the last three seasons a total of 3.5 tons of 16 varieties of vegetable seeds and 36,000 saplings of 5 varieties of quick growing fruit trees. These have helped almost all the FDG households not only to increase their consumption of vegetables, but also earn cash-income within a short period of time by selling surplus The Bangladesh Climate Change Resilient Fund (BCCRF) production. At least 30 percent income increase occurred in administered by the World Bank (WB) has allocated $33.8 19 percent of households; another 35 percent households’ million to an afforestation and reforestation project to help income increased more than 20 percent, but less than 30 communities in nine coastal and hilly districts raise their percent; another 34 percent households’ income increased income and save forests. more than 10 percent, but less than 20 percent. The project ‘Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and The project has also helped establish 55 Mutual Rotating Reforestation (CRPAR)’ is being implemented by the Savings and Loan Funds and already provided Tk. 44.6 Department of Forest and Arannayk Foundation in Cox’s million loans to extremely poor beneficiaries. The Bazar, Chittagong, Noa-khali, Laxmipur, Feni, Barisal, communities manage this fund and are responsible for loan Patuakhali, Barguna and Bhola, according to a WB report realization. released on Tuesday. The project provided skills training on various trades to The fund was mobilised from seven development partners, 6,000 FDG members as per their choice for alternative including the Australian Agency for International income generation activities. Additionally, 565 group leaders Development (AusAID), the Embassy of Denmark in Dhaka, have received training on organizational and leadership the Department of International Development (DFID), the development and financial management, including around European Union, the Swedish International Development 400 females and 35 people from ethnic population, said the Cooperation (Sida), the Swiss Agency for Development and WB. Cooperation (SDC), and the USAID. The project is also strengthening the Resource Information The project has benefited over 45,000 extreme poor and Management Support (RIMS) Unit of Forest households through alternative livelihood programs, Department and established an integrated remote sensing, participation in the social forestry program or employment as forest inventory, GIS/MIS database system and mapping labors in nurseries. The project has already completed capability and capacity for monitoring forest resources 13,144 hector block plantation out of the targeted 17,000 plantation, it added. 76 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project http://www.clickittefaq.com/wb-reforestation-activities-helping-raise-income-and-save-forests-in-bd/ Ittefaq Report The World Bank is supporting Bangladesh Forest in the last three seasons a total of 3.5 tons of 16 varieties of Department to reduce forest degradation and increase vegetable seeds; and 36,000 saplings of 5 varieties of quick forest coverage in a participatory way in nine coastal and growing fruit trees. These have helped almost all the FDG hilly districts: Cox’s Bazar, Chittagong, Noakhali, households not only to increase their consumption of Lakshimipur, Barisal, Pakuakhali, Barguna, Bhola, and Feni. vegetables, but also earn cash-income within a short period of time by selling surplus production. The Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation project has already completed 13,144 ha The project provided skills training on various trades to block plantation out of the targeted 17,000 ha. The project 6,000 FDG members as per their choice for alternative has also completed 1,505 km strip plantation. Almost 90% income generation activities. Additionally, 565 group leaders seedlings survived and the trees are growing healthily. have received training on organizational and leadership development and financial management, including around The project is promoting resilience of the forest ecosystems 400 females and 35 people from ethnic population. through afforestation, reforestation and restoration of different species. The site survey and planning along with advanced nursery preparation was matched with micro-site conditions (soils, water table, slope and aspect) to select species and their spatial distribution on the landscape. As a start-up activity for the poor and the extremely poor forest-depended groups (FDGs), the project has distributed ANNUAL REPORT 2015 77 Climate Resilient Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation Project http://www.nsnewswire.com/2015/11/24/afforestation-and-reforestation-activities-in- bangladesh-helping-local-communities-to-raise-income-and-save-forests/ DHAKA, Nov. 24 (NsNewsWire) — The World Bank is increase occurred in 19% of households; another 35% supporting Bangladesh Forest Department to reduce forest households’ income increased more than 20%, but less than degradation and increase forest coverage in a participatory 30%; another 34% households’ income increased more than way in nine coastal and hilly districts: Cox’s Bazar, 10%, but less than 20%. The Project has helped establish 55 Chittagong, Noakhali, Lakshimipur, Barisal, Pakuakhali, Mutual Rotating Savings and Loan Funds and already Barguna, Bhola, and Feni. The Climate Resilient provided BDT 44.6 million loans to extremely poor Participatory Afforestation and Reforestation project has beneficiaries. The communities manage this fund and are already completed 13,144 ha block plantation out of the responsible for loan realization. targeted 17,000 ha. The project has also completed 1,505 The project provided skills training on various trades to km strip plantation. Almost 90% seedlings survived and the 6,000 FDG members as per their choice for alternative trees are growing healthily. income generation activities. Additionally, 565 group leaders The project is promoting resilience of the forest ecosystems have received training on organizational and leadership through afforestation, reforestation and restoration of development and financial management, including around different species. The site survey and planning along with 400 females and 35 people from ethnic population. advanced nursery preparation was matched with micro-site The project is also strengthening the Resource Information conditions (soils, water table, slope and aspect) to select and Management Support (RIMS) Unit of Forest species and their spatial distribution on the landscape. Department and established an integrated remote sensing, The project’s participatory approach helped the local forest inventory, GIS/MIS database system and mapping community meet climate change challenges and reduce capability and capacity for monitoring forest resources vulnerability. The project helped the forest dependent plantation. population with alternative income generating activities. The project has benefitted over 45,000 extreme poor households The Bangladesh Climate Change Resilient Fund (BCCRF) through alternative livelihood programs, participation in the has allocated US$33.8 million. Seven development partners social forestry program or employment as labors in are contributing to BCCRF: the Australian Agency for nurseries. International Development (AusAID), the Embassy of Denmark in Dhaka, the Department of International As a start-up activity for the poor and the extremely poor Development (DFID), the European Union, represented by forest-depended groups (FDGs), the project has distributed the European Commission (EC), Sweden represented by in the last three seasons a total of 3.5 tons of 16 varieties of the Swedish International Development Cooperation (Sida), vegetable seeds; and 36,000 saplings of 5 varieties of quick the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), growing fruit trees. These have helped almost all the FDG and USAID. The World Bank administers the BCCRF. The households not only to increase their consumption of project is jointly implemented by Bangladesh Forest vegetables, but also earn cash-income within a short period Department and the Arannayk Foundation. of time by selling surplus production. At least 30% income 78 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Community Climate Change Project (CCCP) http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21679313-bangladesh-highly-susceptible- climate-change-floods-cyclones-and-droughts-are-likely-increase ANNUAL REPORT 2015 79 Book Launch: Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk. http://www.thedailystar.net/editorial/waterlogging-can-be-solved-177406 The picture published in yesterday's paper portrays a promised to recover all grabbed canals but has admitted that menace we are all too familiar with: canals blocked by it will take time as there are many cases against canal garbage. The inevitable waterlogging that causes immense grabbers pending in court. These cases must be disposed of misery to the city dwellers has also become part of our urban quickly so that the canals are free again to hold the extra scenario. A World Bank study predicts a cumulative financial water during rains. loss of Tk 11,000 crore in the next 35 years, if waterlogging and urban flooding is not addressed. By assisting the two mayors in clearing the water bodies of garbage and encroachment and making the small The study says that an investment of just Tk 270 crore to investment in infrastructure suggested by the WB study, the improve the city's drainage system could cut down the government can bring about a revolutionary change in a city damage by a third. This means investing in storm water regularly paralysed by waterlogging. drainage pumps and drainage infrastructure proposed in the Detailed Area Plan and Sewerage Master Plan. But it also means recovering canals and other water bodies that have been clogged up with garbage or blatantly grabbed by the influential. Even the mayors of the city have expressed their frustration about the illegal occupation of water bodies. The immediate step to reduce waterlogging, therefore, would be to evict all illegal occupation of water bodies. This only the government can do as many of the encroachers enjoy the indulgence of the authorities concerned. The mayor of Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC) has 80 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 81 Book Launch: Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk. http://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/tk-270cr-investment-can-reduce-damage-177199 Dhaka's potential cumulative loss from intense rainfalls as most water bodies in and around it are choked with would stand at Tk 11,000 crore in the next 35 years, a World garbage or encroached on. The photos were taken recently. Bank study says. Photo: Sk Enamul Haq The loss will be caused by waterlogging and urban flooding, Floods and waterlogging in Dhaka regularly disrupts the and does not include the cost of the impact of climate lives and livelihoods of the city dwellers. The most affected change. In a changing climate scenario with more intense are those living in the fringe areas and slums, the study rains, the estimated loss would be Tk 13,900 crore in the shows. And with more frequent and intense rainfalls, climate 2014-2050 period. change is likely to further aggravate flooding and However, an investment of just Tk 270 crore to improve the waterlogging in the coming years and decades. city's drainage system can slash the damage by a third, or to only Tk 3,700 crore. “A mega city like Dhaka needs smart investments to meet the demands of a growing population and rapid urbanisation Findings of the study -- Climate and Disaster Resilience of in a changing climate,” said Christine Kimes, acting country Greater Dhaka Area: A Micro Level Analysis -- were chief of the WB. presented at the WB's Dhaka office yesterday. The entire Dhaka city faced a great urban flooding in 2004 The study says Dhaka will have to invest in stormwater with just 341 millimeter rain in 24 hours, which exposed how drainage pumps and other measures to reduce waterlogging poorly managed the city's drainage system is. in every ward within 12 hours. This has to be done in addition to the improvements in the drainage infrastructure proposed in the Detailed Area Plan and Sewerage Master Plan. Mindless dumping of waste in a channel linked to the canal. The city experiences waterlogging even after light showers 82 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 crore would reduce the accumulated damage cost to Tk 4,900 crore for the period of 2014-2050, said Susmita Dasgupata, the lead environmental economist of the WB and coauthor of the study. Annisul Huq, mayor of Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC) who spoke as the chief guest, said, “Already we have taken some measures to reduce traffic jams in the Dhaka city. We are going to recover all the grabbed canals. And it is going to happen.” Later, asked when the DNCC would recover the canals, he said the grabbers were powerful people and there were many cases against canal grabbers pending at the court. “So it is hard to say exactly when the canals will be recovered.” As different parts of Dhaka and its surrounding areas vary significantly in terms of infrastructure, facilities and resilience to flood and waterlogging, the study assessed Dhaka's local preparedness for urban flood emergencies at ward level, measuring Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI). The climate change is likely to cause more of such heavy The study found that already some parts of the city is rains in the coming decades, speakers said, adding that the severely vulnerable to waterlogging and floods. At least 10 government should take steps to increase the city's wards of Dhaka city out of 93 are extremely exposed to flood resilience. and waterlogging. The wards are 9, 10, 25, 40, 58, 82, 86, 87 and 90. Khilgaon area, which is outside the DND, is also In a changing climate scenario, the investment of Tk 270 exposed. ANNUAL REPORT 2015 83 Book Launch: Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk. http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2015/nov/24/dhaka-needs-more-flood-funding Dhaka needs higher investment to develop infrastructures improve service delivery and become truly a growth center,” for tackling water-logging in future as the changing pattern of said Christine Kimes, acting country head of World Bank climate indicates that it will face more erratic rainfall in Bangladesh. coming days, a world Bank study has said. As different parts of Dhaka and its surrounding areas vary “Climate and Disaster Resilience of Greater Dhaka Area: A significantly in terms of infrastructure, facilities and resilience Micro Level Analysis” also says that the city will need to flood and water-logging, the study assessed Dhaka’s local Tk2.7bn investment in storm-water drainage pumps, preparedness for urban flood emergencies at ward level, drainage pipe clearing and other measures to reduce measuring Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI). water-logging in every ward within 12 hours. The analysis found the overall CDRI for Dhaka is 2.35 in a five-point scale, indicating a modest level of resilience. The estimated new investment will be the in addition to the Dhaka-Narayanganj-Demra (DND) and Kallyanpur’s CDRI improvements in the drainage infrastructure proposed in fall below the city average. Dhaka’s Detailed Area Plan (DAP) and Sewerage Master Plan and Narayanganj City Corporation’s Concept Vision In addition to the additional investment, the city needs Plan. proper coordination among the different service providers to make it liveable, said Annisul Huq, mayor of Dhaka North Floods and water-logging in Dhaka regularly disrupt lives City Corporation while addressing the report launching and livelihoods and most adversely affect the fringe areas programme yesterday at World Bank’s residence office. and slums. With more frequent and intense rainfall, climate This study covered Eastern Dhaka, Goranchatbari, change is likely to further aggravate flooding and Kallyanpur, Central Dhaka, Old Dhaka, DND and water-logging in the coming decades. Narayanganj. The study calculated potential damages from water-logging The baseline of the study took the historic September 2004 between 2014 and 2050 will be TK110bn in Dhaka, if climate rainfall event (341mm rainfall in 24 hours). change is not considered. In a changing climate with more The study was conducted by the Institute of Water Modeling, intense rainfalls, the loss will be Tk139bn between 2014 and Buet and Brac University and funded by Bangladesh 2050. Climate Change Resilience Fund. The incremental cost of adaptation for Dhaka to climate change by 2050 will be about Tk1.3bn. -See more at: “A mega city like Dhaka needs smart investments to meet http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2015/nov/24/dha the demands of a growing population and rapid urbanisation ka-needs-more-flood-funding#sthash.VOXRIQ0f.dpuf in a changing climate. Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptations in planning will help the city 84 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Book Launch: Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk. http://print.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/2015/11/24/119995 A World Bank (WB) study has estimated that Dhaka will additional measures to mitigate climate risks in Dhaka, she need Tk 2.7 billion investment to check a total loss of Tk also said. 110-139 billion due to water-logging until 2050. "Benefits of the recommended investments to mitigate "The investment will be used in storm water drainage water-logging in current climate are enlarged by the threat of pumps, drainage pipe clearing and other measures to climate change, but exist even in its absence, making such reduce water-logging in every ward of the capital within 12 investments an attractive low-regret option," she added. hours," WB lead environmental economist Susmita Dasgupta said while launching the study report at its office The study projected that the adverse effect of climate on Monday. change will increase 16 per cent of rainfall in 24-hour time in Dhaka by 2050. The incremental cost of adaptation for The multilateral donor agency launched the report based on Dhaka to climate change by 2050 will be about Tk 1.3 billion. the study titled 'Climate and Disaster Resilience of Greater Dhaka Area: A Micro Level Analysis' and a book titled 'Urban It suggested that Dhaka can improve disaster resilience by Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building improving governance, implementing crisis management Local Resilience to Disaster Risk' on the occasion. framework, and mainstreaming disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. Ms Dasgupta said: "With more frequent and intense rainfall, climate change is likely to further aggravate flooding and water-logging in the coming decades. The study calculated that potential damages due to water-logging in Dhaka will be Tk 110 billion between 2014 and 2050, if climate change is not considered. In a changing climate with more intense rainfalls, the loss will be Taka 139 billion during the period." She said enhancing disaster resilience of a megacity like Dhaka, and especially preparing the city for unfolding climate-related risks is a daunting task. The city authorities could start with addressing the existing deficits in infrastructure in dealing with intense rainfall events. Closing the gap in infrastructure to meet historic climate-related risks will provide a foundation to build ANNUAL REPORT 2015 85 Mayor of Dhaka North City Corporation Annisul Huq, acting Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction and climate change country head of WB Christine Kimes, climate expert adaptation in planning will help the city improve its service Professor Dr Ainun Nishat, and co-author of the study Dr Asif delivery and truly become a growth center." M Zaman also spoke on the occasion, among others. The DNCC mayor praised the report, saying "This is what I was She said equipped with a menu of investment options to looking for as a mayor". mitigate current water-logging and further climate-proof urban infrastructure, the study will help the policymakers He again blamed lack of coordination among 56 government and city-planners decide priority interventions to cope with agencies working in Dhaka for absence of proper urban flooding and climate change. development of the capital city. Analysis found that overall Climate Disaster Resilience About climate change effects, he said: "I am extremely Index (CDRI) for Dhaka is 2.35 in a five-point scale, concerned about the loss, over which I have no control". indicating a modest level of resilience. He said people in the city encroached on canals and drains, The study covered areas and zones like Eastern Dhaka, made the city unliveable, and again they are contributing to Goranchatbari, Kallyanpur, Central Dhaka, Old Dhaka, DND its development. What they need is motivation and and Narayanganj. Among these, CDRI of DND and awareness. Kallyanpur fall below the city average. The WB acting country head said, "A megacity like Dhaka The study is funded by Bangladesh Climate Change needs smart investments to meet the demands of a growing Resilience Fund (BCCRF), a multi-donor trust fund, population and rapid urbanization in a changing climate. administered by WB. Book Launch: Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk. http://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/93559/Dhaka-needs-Tk-2.7b-to-recoup-waterlogging-losses:-WB Dhaka needs climate-smart policies and larger investment Dhaka will require Tk 2.7 billion in investment to check a loss to improve its resilience to intense rainfall and to prepare for between Tk 110 and 139 billion caused by water logging by addressing climate change impacts, says a new World Bank 2050, according to WB’s estimation. study. 86 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 In this regard, the WB unveiled a book ‘Urban Flooding of The study covered Eastern Dhaka, Goranchatbari, Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Kallyanpur, Central Dhaka, Old Dhaka, DND and Resilience to Disaster Risk’ and a new report ‘Climate and Narayanganj. The study was funded by the Bangladesh Disaster Resilience of Greater Dhaka Area: A Micro Level Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF), a multi-donor Analysis’ during a function at its Dhaka office on Monday. trust fund administered by the World Bank. Mayor of Dhaka North City Corporation Annisul Huq, acting “In a changing climate with more intense rainfalls, the loss country head of WB Christine Kimes, environment and will be Tk 139 billion between 2014 and 2050 and it is Tk 110 climate experts professor Dr Ainun Nishat and Dr ASif M billion if climate change is not considered,” lead Zaman also spoke on the occasion, among others. environmental economist of WB Susmita Dasgupta said Annisul Haq said he is working very hard to recover all while launching the study. clogged and extinct canals of the Dhaka city and has a plan to build walkways along the banks of the canals to check Floods and waterlogging in Dhaka regularly disrupt the lives encroachment. and livelihoods of the city dwellers and most adversely affect the fringe areas and slums. With more frequent and intense “It’s a difficult task, but not possible to solve overnight. But I rainfall, climate change is likely to further aggravate flooding can assure you that the current government is committed and waterlogging in the coming decades. and I am facing no political influence in conducting drives The study calculated potential damages from waterlogging against land grabbers. City dwellers will see a changed between 2014 and 2050 at Tk 110 billion in Dhaka, if climate scenario in couple of years,” he said. change is not considered. In a changing climate with more However, he identified lack of coordination among the intense rainfalls, the loss will be Tk 139 billion between 2014 government agencies which are responsible for maintaining and 2050, the study said. Dhaka city, as the major constrain in addressing the waterlogging problems. The study estimates that Dhaka will need Tk 2.7 billion investment in stormwater drainage pumps, drainage pipe Christine Kimes said a mega city like Dhaka needs clearing and other measures to reduce waterlogging in climate-smart policies and investments to meet the every ward within 12 hours, in addition to the improvements demands of a growing population and rapid urbanization in a in the drainage infrastructure proposed in Dhaka’s Detailed changing climate. Area Plan and Sewerage Master Plan and Narayanganj City Corporation’s Concept Vision Plan. “Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptations in planning will help the city improve service The incremental cost of adaptation for Dhaka to climate delivery and become truly a growth center,” she said. change by 2050 will be about Tk 1.3 billion, it said. As different parts of Dhaka and its surrounding areas vary Susmita said Dhaka can improve disaster resilience by significantly in terms of infrastructure, facilities and resilience improving governance, implementing the Crisis to flood and waterlogging, the study assessed Dhaka’s local Management Framework, and mainstreaming disaster risk preparedness for urban flood emergencies at ward level, reduction and climate change adaptation. measuring Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI). She said enhancing disaster resilience of a mega city like The analysis found the overall CDRI for Dhaka is 2.35 in a Dhaka, and especially preparing the city for unfolding five-point scale, indicating a modest level of resilience, climate-related risks is a daunting task. according to the study. “The city authorities could start with addressing the existing deficits in infrastructure in dealing with historic intense rainfall events, she said adding that closing the gap in infrastructure to meet historic climate-related risks will provide a foundation to build additional measures to mitigate climate risks in Dhaka,” she commented. ANNUAL REPORT 2015 87 Book Launch: Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk. http://newagebd.net/178310/climate-change-dhakas-losses-to-stand-at-tk-139b-by-2050-says-wb/ The study said that 27 per cent of the wards in Dhaka north city and Dhaka south city had poor natural resilience to water-logging and the wards in Western Dhaka including Kallyanpur and Goranchatbari lacked of moderate resilience. Launching the report, acting country head of World Bank Christine Kimes said the study will help the policy makers and city planners to prioritise interventions. Staff Correspondent Dhaka north city mayor Annisul Huq, addressing the A World Bank study estimated that the potential damages programme, said local influential quarters had grabbed the from water-logging in Dhaka between 2014 and 2050 would canals and built houses and various establishments on be worth Tk 110 billion without climate change factor. those. The study says if impacts of climate change—especially intense rainfall—is considered, the figure might well stand at He said initiatives to recover the canals most of times went Tk 139 billion during this span of time. in vain due to court orders following the cases filed by the It said climate change will have enormous impacts on Dhaka grabbers. in terms of flooding and water-logging due to more frequent Annisul said it is WASA, not city corporations to be blamed and intense rainfall in the decades to come. for maintaining the drainage systems in the city. The research underscored the need for higher investment He, however, said after ensuring of coordination among the and to formulate climate-smart policies to improve Dhaka’s agencies concerned he would take fresh initiatives to resilience to intense rainfall and climate change. recover the canals from encroachment. The report, ‘Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Potential Damage and Adaptation,’ was launched As for climate change, the north city mayor said Bangladesh on Monday at a function at the country office of World Bank had become a victim of climate change though the nation in the capital. was not responsible for it. The report explained that flooding and water-logging have ‘Those who are killing us with their contributions to the become a perennial problem of Dhaka city especially during climate change should come up with the financial supports monsoon, mainly for filling up and encroaching most of the to mitigate the impacts,’ he said. canals previously crisscrossed the city. Another reason, it The study, which was funded by Bangladesh Climate said, was turning flood-recess zone or low-lying areas into Change Resilience Fund, covered eastern Dhaka, residential and industrial plots and also using it for other Goranchatbari, Kallanpur, central Dhaka, Old Dhaka, urban purposes. Dhaka-Narayanganj-Demra embankment areas and Narayanganj. It said even an hour of heavy rains can inundate many parts of the city, especially, low and middle class residences go The report of the study was prepared by Sarwar Jahan, under water because of poor drainage channels. Most of World Bank consultant and professor of the Department of those channels had been encroached, filled, silted and Urban and Regional Planning at Bangladesh University of blocked due to garbage disposal. Engineering and Technology. The study said the situation will worsen if protective Experts from different institutions including BUET, Institute of measures are not taken immediately to save the canals and Water Modeling and donor agencies were present at the flood-flow or low-lying areas from further encroachment. report launching programme. 88 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Book Launch: Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk. http://www.newstoday.com.bd/index.php?option=details&news_id=2428102&date=2015-11-24 Dhaka needs a huge Tk 2.7-billion investment in storm water Narayanganj, according to a World Bank press release. drainage pumps, drainage pipe clearing and other measures Lead environmental economist and coauthor of the report to reduce water-logging in its every ward within 12 hours, Susmita Dasgupta said enhancing disaster resilience of a says a new World Bank study, reports UNB. In addition to mega city like Dhaka, and especially preparing the city for improvement in the drainage infrastructure proposed in unfolding climate-related risks is a daunting task. The city Dhaka's Detailed Area Plan and Sewerage Master Plan and authorities could start with addressing the existing deficits in Narayanganj City Corporation's Concept Vision Plan, the infrastructure in dealing with historic intense rainfall events, study says, the capital Dhaka needs climate-smart policies he said, closing the gap in infrastructure to meet historic and higher investment to improve its resilience to intense climate-related risks will provide a foundation to build rainfall and prepare for climate change. It predicts that the additional measures to mitigate climate risks in Dhaka. incremental cost of adaptation for Dhaka to climate change Floods and waterlogging in Dhaka regularly disrupt lives and by 2050 will be about Tk 1.3 billion. The new study report livelihoods of the city dwellers and most adversely affect the 'Climate and Disaster Resilience of Greater Dhaka Area: A fringe areas and slums. With more frequent and intense Micro Level Analysis' and a book titled, 'Urban Flooding of rainfall, climate change is likely to further aggravate flooding Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local and waterlogging in the coming decades. The study Resilience to Disaster Risk' were released here on Monday. calculated potential damages from waterlogging between Funded by Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund 2014 and 2050 will be Tk 110 billion in Dhaka, if climate (BCCRF), a multi-donor trust fund administered by the World change is not considered. In a changing climate with more Bank, the study covered Eastern Dhaka, Goranchatbari, intense rainfalls, the loss will be Tk 139 billion between 2014 Kalyanpur, Central Dhaka, Old Dhaka, DND and and 2050. ANNUAL REPORT 2015 89 Book Launch: Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk. http://businessnews-bd.com/bangladesh-needs-climate-smart-policies-to-prepare-for-climate-change/ Dhaka, Bangladesh (BBN)- Dhaka, the capital of investment in stormwater drainage pumps, drainage pipe Bangladesh needs climate-smart policies and higher clearing and other measures to reduce waterlogging in investment to improve its resilience to intense rainfall and to every ward within 12 hours, in addition to the improvements prepare for climate change, says a new World Bank book in the drainage infrastructure proposed in Dhaka’s Detailed ‘Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Area Plan and Sewerage Master Plan and Narayanganj City Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk’ and a new report Corporation’s Concept Vision Plan ‘Climate and Disaster Resilience of Greater Dhaka Area: A Micro Level Analysis’, launched today. The incremental cost of adaptation for Dhaka to climate change by 2050 will be about Tk 1.3 billion. Floods and waterlogging in Dhaka regularly disrupt the lives “A mega city like Dhaka needs smart investments to meet and livelihoods of the city dwellers and most adversely affect the demands of a growing population and rapid urbanization the fringe areas and slums. With more frequent and intense in a changing climate. Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction rainfall, climate change is likely to further aggravate flooding and climate change adaptations in planning will help the city and waterlogging in the coming decades. improve service delivery and become truly a growth center,” The study calculated potential damages from waterlogging said Christine Kimes, Acting Country Head, World Bank between 2014 and 2050 will be Taka 110 billion in Dhaka, if Bangladesh.. climate change is not considered. In a changing climate with more intense rainfalls, the loss “Equipped with a menu of investment options to mitigate will be Taka 139 billion between 2014 and 2050. current waterlogging and further climate-proof urban The study estimates Dhaka will need Taka 2.7 billion infrastructure, the study will help the policy makers and city 90 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 planners decide priority interventions to cope with urban addressing the existing deficits in infrastructure in dealing flooding and climate change.” with historic intense rainfall events. Closing the gap in As different parts of Dhaka and its surrounding areas vary infrastructure to meet historic climate-related risks will significantly in terms of infrastructure, facilities and resilience provide a foundation to build additional measures to mitigate to flood and waterlogging, the study assessed Dhaka’s local climate risks in Dhaka,” said Susmita Dasgupta, Lead preparedness for urban flood emergencies at ward level, Environmental Economist, and co-author of the report. measuring Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI). “Benefits of the recommended investments to mitigate The analysis found the overall CDRI for Dhaka is 2.35 in a waterlogging in current climate are enlarged by the threat of five-point scale, indicating a modest level of resilience. climate change but exist even in its absence, making such DND and Kallyanpur’ CDRI fall below the city average. investments an attractive low-regret option.” Dhaka can improve disaster resilience by improving This study covered Eastern Dhaka, Goranchatbari, governance, implementing the Crisis Management Kallyanpur, Central Dhaka, Old Dhaka, DND and Framework, and mainstreaming disaster risk reduction and Narayanganj. climate change adaptation. The study is funded by the Bangladesh Climate Change “Enhancing disaster resilience of a megacity like Dhaka, and Resilience Fund (BCCRF), a multi-donor trust fund, especially preparing the city for unfolding climate-related administered by the World Bank. risks is a daunting task. The city authorities could start with BBN/SK/AD Book Launch: Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk. http://thedailynewnation.com/news/74668/bd-needs-tk-27b-to-cut-waterlogging-wb.html UNB, Dhaka :Dhaka needs a huge Tk 2.7-billion investment and Narayanganj, according to a World Bank press in storm water drainage pumps, drainage pipe clearing and release.Lead environmental economist and coauthor of the other measures to reduce water-logging in its every ward report Susmita Dasgupta said enhancing disaster resilience within 12 hours, says a new World Bank study.In addition to of a mega city like Dhaka, and especially preparing the city improvement in the drainage infrastructure proposed in for unfolding climate-related risks is a daunting task. The city Dhaka's Detailed Area Plan and Sewerage Master Plan and authorities could start with addressing the existing deficits in Narayanganj City Corporation's Concept Vision Plan, the infrastructure in dealing with historic intense rainfall events, study says, the capital Dhaka needs climate-smart policies he said, closing the gap in infrastructure to meet historic and higher investment to improve its resilience to intense climate-related risks will provide a foundation to build rainfall and prepare for climate change.It predicts that the additional measures to mitigate climate risks in incremental cost of adaptation for Dhaka to climate change Dhaka.Floods and waterlogging in Dhaka regularly disrupt by 2050 will be about Tk 1.3 billion. The new study report lives and livelihoods of the city dwellers and most adversely 'Climate and Disaster Resilience of Greater Dhaka Area: A affect the fringe areas and slums. With more frequent and Micro Level Analysis' and a book titled, 'Urban Flooding of intense rainfall, climate change is likely to further aggravate Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local flooding and waterlogging in the coming decades.The study Resilience to Disaster Risk' were released here on calculated potential damages from waterlogging between Monday.Funded by Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience 2014 and 2050 will be Tk 110 billion in Dhaka, if climate Fund (BCCRF), a multi-donor trust fund administered by the change is not considered. In a changing climate with more World Bank, the study covered Eastern Dhaka, intense rainfalls, the loss will be Tk 139 billion between 2014 Goranchatbari, Kalyanpur, Central Dhaka, Old Dhaka, DND and 2050. ANNUAL REPORT 2015 91 Book Launch: Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk. http://www.bssnews.net/newsDetails.php?cat=0&id=534542&date=2015-11-23 DHAKA, Nov. 23, 2015 (BSS)- The World Bank has change by 2050 will be about Taka 1.3 billion, the study said. calculated a Taka 2.7 billion investment to check a loss of Taka 110 to 139 billion due to waterlogging by 2050. The bank today launched a book titled 'Urban Flooding of "In a changing climate with more intense rainfalls, the loss Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local will be Taka 139 billion between 2014 and 2050 and it is Taka Resilience to Disaster Risk' and a new report titled 'Climate 110 billion if climate change is not considered," lead and Disaster Resilience of Greater Dhaka Area: A Micro environmental economist of the bank Susmita Dasgupta told Level Analysis'. while launching a study at the World Bank office here today. Mayor of Dhaka North City Corporation Annisul Huq, acting She said the study projected that the adverse effect of country head of World Bank Bangladesh Christine Kimes, climate change will increase 16 percent of rainfall in 24-hour environment and climate experts professor Dr Ainun Nishat time in Dhaka by 2050. The study estimates Dhaka will need and Dr ASif M Zaman also spoke on the occasion, among Taka 2.7 billion investment in storm water drainage pumps, others. drainage pipe clearing and other measures to reduce Annisul Haq said he is working very hard to recover all waterlogging in every ward within 12 hours. clogged and extinct canals of the Dhaka city and has a plan The incremental cost of adaptation for Dhaka to climate to build walkways along the banks of the canals to check encroachment. 92 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 "It's a difficult task, but not possible to solve overnight. But I rainfall events, she said adding that closing the gap in can assure you that the present government is committed infrastructure to meet historic climate-related risks will and I am facing no political influence in conducting drives provide a foundation to build additional measures to mitigate against land grabbers. City dwellers will see a changed climate risks in Dhaka," scenario in couple of years," he said. The study covered Eastern Dhaka, Goranchatbari, However, he identified lack of coordination among the Kallyanpur, Central Dhaka, Old Dhaka, DND and government agencies which are responsible for maintaining Narayanganj. The study is funded by the Bangladesh Dhaka city, as the major constrain in resolving the Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF), a multi-donor waterlogging problems. trust fund, administered by the World Bank. Christine Kimes said a mega city like Dhaka needs climate-smart policies and investments to meet thedemands of a growing population and rapid urbanization in a changing climate. "Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptations in planning will help the city improve service delivery and become truly a growth center," she said. Susmita Dasgupta said Dhaka can improve disaster resilience by improving governance, implementing the Crisis Management Framework, and mainstreaming disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. He said enhancing disaster resilience of a megacity like Dhaka, and especially preparing the city for unfolding climate-related risks is a daunting task. "The city authorities could start with addressing the existing deficits in infrastructure in dealing with historic intense ANNUAL REPORT 2015 93 Book Launch: Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk. http://en.prothom-alo.com/economy/news/86821/Tk2.7b-investment-required-to-check-Tk140b-loss can assure you that the present government is committed and I am facing no political influence in conducting drives against land grabbers. City dwellers will see a changed scenario in couple of years," he said. The World Bank has calculated a Taka 2.7 billion investment However, he identified lack of coordination among the to check a loss of Taka 110 to 139 billion due to waterlogging government agencies which are responsible for maintaining by 2050. Dhaka city, as the major constrain in resolving the "In a changing climate with more intense rainfalls, the loss waterlogging problems. will be Taka 139 billion between 2014 and 2050 and it is Taka 110 billion if climate change is not considered," lead environ- Christine Kimes said a mega city like Dhaka needs mental economist of the bank Susmita Dasgupta said climate-smart policies and investments to meet the launching a study at the World Bank office in Dhaka on demands of a growing population and rapid urbanization in a Monday. changing climate. "Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction She said the study projected that the adverse effect of and climate change adaptations in planning will help the city climate change will increase 16 percent of rainfall in 24-hour improve service delivery and become truly a growth center," time in Dhaka by 2050. The study estimates Dhaka will need she said. Taka 2.7 billion investment in storm water drainage pumps, Susmita Dasgupta said Dhaka can improve disaster drainage pipe clearing and other measures to reduce water- resilience by improving governance, implementing the Crisis logging in every ward within 12 hours. Management Framework, and mainstreaming disaster risk The incremental cost of adaptation for Dhaka to climate reduction and climate change adaptation. change by 2050 will be about Taka 1.3 billion, the study said. He said enhancing disaster resilience of a megacity like The bank today launched a book titled 'Urban Flooding of Dhaka, and especially preparing the city for unfolding Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local climate-related risks is a daunting task. Resilience to Disaster Risk' and a new report titled 'Climate and Disaster Resilience of Greater Dhaka Area: A Micro "The city authorities could start with addressing the existing Level Analysis'. deficits in infrastructure in dealing with historic intense Mayor of Dhaka North City Corporation Annisul Huq, acting rainfall events, she said adding that closing the gap in country head of World Bank Bangladesh Christine Kimes, infrastructure to meet historic climate-related risks will environment and climate experts professor Ainun Nishat and provide a foundation to build additional measures to mitigate Asif M Zaman also spoke. climate risks in Dhaka," Annisul Haq said he is working very hard to recover all The study covered Eastern Dhaka, Goranchatbari, clogged and extinct canals of the Dhaka city and has a plan Kallyanpur, Central Dhaka, Old Dhaka, DND and to build walkways along the banks of the canals to check Narayanganj. The study is funded by the Bangladesh encroachment. Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF), a multi-donor "It's a difficult task, but not possible to solve overnight. But I trust fund, administered by the World Bank. 94 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Book Launch: Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk. http://www.samakal.net/2015/11/23/1290 Due to climate change, unplanned urbanization, population Mayor of Dhaka North City Corporation Anisul Huq, acting explosion and other causes Dhaka city faces severe water country head of World Bank Bangladesh Christine Kimes, logging. The problem is getting complex day bay day which environment and climate experts professor Dr Ainun Nishat create huge financial loss. By 2050 the amount of loss could and Dr ASif M Zaman also spoke on the occasion, among be taka 110 to 139 billion. The World Bank has calculated a others. Taka 2.7 billion investment to check that loss Anisul Huq said he is working very hard to recover all Susmita Dasgupta, lead environmental economist of the clogged and extinct canals of the Dhaka city and has a plan bank, told ‘In a changing climate with more intense rainfalls, to build walkways along the banks of the canals to check the loss will be Taka 139 billion between 2014 and 2050 and encroachment. it is Taka 110 billion if climate change is not considered,' Christine Kimes said a mega city like Dhaka needs She was speaking to launching a study paper at the World climate-smart policies and investments to meet the Bank office in Dhaka on Monday. demands of a growing population and rapid urbanization in a changing climate. 'Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction She said the study projected that the adverse effect of and climate change adaptations in planning will help the city climate change will increase 16 percent of rainfall in 24-hour improve service delivery and become truly a growth center,' time in Dhaka by 2050. The study estimates Dhaka will need she said. Taka 2.7 billion investments in storm water drainage pumps, drainage pipe clearing and other measures to reduce Susmita Dasgupta said Dhaka can improve disaster waterlogging in every ward within 12 hours. reports BSS. resilience by improving governance, implementing the Crisis Management Framework, and mainstreaming disaster risk The incremental cost of adaptation for Dhaka to climate reduction and climate change adaptation. change by 2050 will be about Taka 1.3 billion, the study said. The study covered Eastern Dhaka, Goranchatbari, The bank today launched a book titled 'Urban Flooding of Kallyanpur, Central Dhaka, Old Dhaka, DND and Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Narayanganj. The study is funded by the Bangladesh Resilience to Disaster Risk' and a new report titled 'Climate Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF), a multi-donor and Disaster Resilience of Greater Dhaka Area: A Micro trust fund, administered by the World Bank. Level Analysis'. ANNUAL REPORT 2015 95 Book Launch: Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk. http://www.clickittefaq.com/wb-study-water-logging-would-result-in-tk-110-billion-by-2050/ According to a World Bank study, Bangladesh needs to Eastern Dhaka, Goranchatbari, Kalyanpur, Central Dhaka, invest Tk 2.7-billion in storm water drainage pumps, Old Dhaka, DND and Narayanganj areas were covered for drainage pipe clearing and other measures to reduce the research of the study. water-logging in its every ward within 12 hours. Lead environmental economist and coauthor of the report If the climate change is not considered, the study calculated Susmita Dasgupta said the city authorities could start with potential damages from water logging between 2014 and addressing the existing deficits in infrastructure in dealing 2050 will be Tk 110 billion in Dhaka. with historic intense rainfall events, closing the gap in By 2050, the WB predicts incremental cost of adapting infrastructure to meet historic climate-related risks. It will Dhaka to climate change to be about Tk 1.3 billion. The also provide a foundation to build additional measures to study also mentioned that Dhaka needs climate-smart mitigate climate risks in Dhaka. policies and higher investment to improve its resilience to He also added that enhancing disaster resilience of a mega intense rainfall and prepare for climate change. city like Dhaka, and especially preparing the city for The report was released on Monday under the name ‘Urban unfolding climate-related risks is a daunting task. Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk’. It was funded by Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF), a multi-donor trust fund administered by the World Bank, 96 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Book Launch: Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk. http://unb.com.bd/article/dhaka-wb Dhaka, Nov 24 (UNB) – Dhaka needs a huge Tk 2.7-billion Kalyanpur, Central Dhaka, Old Dhaka, DND and investment in storm water drainage pumps, drainage pipe Narayanganj, according to a World Bank press release. clearing and other measures to reduce water-logging in its Lead environmental economist and coauthor of the report every ward within 12 hours, says a new World Bank study. Susmita Dasgupta said enhancing disaster resilience of a mega city like Dhaka, and especially preparing the city for In addition to improvement in the drainage infrastructure unfolding climate-related risks is a daunting task. proposed in Dhaka’s Detailed Area Plan and Sewerage The city authorities could start with addressing the existing Master Plan and Narayanganj City Corporation’s Concept deficits in infrastructure in dealing with historic intense Vision Plan, the study says, the capital Dhaka needs rainfall events, he said, closing the gap in infrastructure to climate-smart policies and higher investment to improve its meet historic climate-related risks will provide a foundation resilience to intense rainfall and prepare for climate change. to build additional measures to mitigate climate risks in It predicts that the incremental cost of adaptation for Dhaka Dhaka. to climate change by 2050 will be about Tk 1.3 billion. Floods and waterlogging in Dhaka regularly disrupt lives and The new study report ‘Climate and Disaster Resilience of livelihoods of the city dwellers and most adversely affect the Greater Dhaka Area: A Micro Level Analysis’ and a book fringe areas and slums. With more frequent and intense titled, ‘Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing rainfall, climate change is likely to further aggravate flooding Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk’ were and waterlogging in the coming decades. released here on Monday. The study calculated potential damages from waterlogging between 2014 and 2050 will be Tk 110 billion in Dhaka, if Funded by Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund climate change is not considered. In a changing climate with (BCCRF), a multi-donor trust fund administered by the World more intense rainfalls, the loss will be Tk 139 billion between Bank, the study covered Eastern Dhaka, Goranchatbari, 2014 and 2050. ANNUAL REPORT 2015 97 Book Launch: Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk. http://www.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/article/692905/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF 98 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Book Launch: Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk. http://www.jugantor.com/old/last-page/2015/11/24/12471/print ANNUAL REPORT 2015 99 Book Launch: Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk. http://www.kalerkantho.com/print-edition/last-page/2015/11/24/294075 100 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Book Launch: Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk. http://bangla.samakal.net/2015/11/25/175602/print ANNUAL REPORT 2015 101 Book Launch: Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk. http://www.mzamin.com/details.php?mzamin=MTAyOTA2&s=Nw== 102 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 103 Book Launch: Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk. http://www.ittefaq.com.bd/print-edition/first-page/2015/11/24/85514.html 104 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 105 Book Launch: Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk. http://www.banglanews24.com/economics- business/news/443300/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D% E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%AB 106 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Book Launch: Urban Flooding of Greater Dhaka in a Changing Climate: Building Local Resilience to Disaster Risk. http://www.bonikbarta.com/2015-11-24/news/details/57055.html ANNUAL REPORT 2015 107 BCCRF benefits from the generous financial support of Australia, Denmark, European Union, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, USA and technical support of the World Bank