E2478 v2 LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX A: PLAN FOR THE STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS ....................... 2 APPENDIX B: SUMMARY OF FARMERS RESPONSE.................................................. 8 APPENDIX C: SUMMARY OF STAKEHOLDER INTERACTIONS........................... 17 APPENDIX D: SALIENT FEATURES OF MODEL APMC ACT ................................. 25 APPENDIX E: STUDY TEAM PROFILE ......................................................................... 27 APPENDIX F: SAMPLE COPY OF LAND RECORD FOR AQUAMART VERIFIED BY THE TEAM ..................................................................................................................... 29 APPENDIX G: INDICATORS FOR PROJECT INTERVENTIONS ............................. 32 APPENDIX H: SUB-PROJECT SCREENING FORMS FOR ESMF............................. 35 APPENDIX I: DESIGN OF ROOF RAINWATER HARVESTING STRUCTURE ..... 41 APPENDIX J: SAMPLE LIST OF NGOS WORKING ON HIV/AIDS.......................... 42 APPENDIX K: LIST OF TRAINING RESOURCE INSTITUTION THAT CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE PROJECT .................................................................................. 45 APPENDIX L: GROUP STRENGTH ASSESSMENT EXERCISE ................................ 46 APPENDIX M: STRATEGY FOR PEST AND SOIL NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT.. 48 APPENDIX N: MAHARASHTRA PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS RESETTLEMENT ACT, 2001............................................................................................. 60 APPENDIX A: PLAN FOR THE STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS 1. AGRIMARTS ­ 5 locations Sl. Stakeholder Method Issues to be covered No 1 Farmers ­ 10 Questionnaire; - Impact on agricultural bio-diversity each, ensuring Participatory coverage of Group - Use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides members form Exercise backward - Use of irrigation ­ effect on ground communities water - Small farmers' opportunity to participate - Land for AgriMart ­ encroachment, acquisition, etc. 2 Women's Focus group - Impact on household consumption / group ­ 1 each discussion nutrition ­ impact on health - Gender impact 3 Marginalized Focus group - Potential impact on their livelihood community discussion - Perception of opportunities for group ­ based participation and equitable sharing of on availability benefits 4 Local traders Semi- - Impact on small traders structured interview 5 MSAMB / Structured - Land for AgriMart - encroachment, ATMA interview acquisition, etc. officials - Construction related - Water sewage, etc. ­ treatment - Drainage and sanitation - Solid waste management 6 Office-bearer Semi- - Impact on agricultural bio-diversity of local structured farmers coop interview - Use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides - Use of irrigation ­ effect on ground water - Small farmers' opportunity to 2 participate 7 Local NGO Semi- - Impact on agricultural bio-diversity working on structured farmers' issues interview - Use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides - Use of irrigation ­ effect on ground water - Impact on household consumption / nutrition ­ impact on health - Gender impact - HIV/AIDS among laborers/transport workers 8 District level Structured - Impact on agricultural bio-diversity Agriculture interview officer - Use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides - Use of irrigation ­ effect on ground water 3 2. MODERNISATION OF APMC ­ 5 locations Sl. Stakeholder Method Issues to be covered No 1 APMC Focus Group - Land, in case new construction officials and discussion the Market - Construction related committee - Water sewage, etc. ­ treatment - Drainage and sanitation - Solid waste management - Impact on agricultural bio-diversity - Use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides - Use of irrigation ­ effect on ground water - Small farmers' opportunity to participate 2 MSAMB Structured - Land, in case new construction officials interview - Construction related - Water sewage, etc. ­ treatment - Drainage and sanitation - Solid waste management 3 Office bearer Semi- - Impact on agricultural bio-diversity of local structured farmers coop interview - Use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides - Use of irrigation ­ effect on ground water - Small farmers' opportunity to participate 4 Civil engineer Structured - Construction related who made / is interview preparing the - Water sewage, etc. ­ treatment plan - Drainage and sanitation - Solid waste management 5 Socially Focus group - Perceptions on opportunities for marginalized discussion participation and sharing of benefits community 4 3. LIVESTOCK APMC ­ 5 locations Sl. Stakeholder Method Issues to be covered No 1 APMC Focus Group - Land, in case new construction officials and discussion the Market - Construction related committee - Water sewage, etc. ­ treatment - Drainage and sanitation - Solid waste management - Impact on agricultural bio-diversity - Use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides - Use of irrigation ­ effect on ground water - Small farmers' opportunity to participate 2 MSAMB Structured - Land, in case new construction officials interview - Construction related - Water sewage, etc. ­ treatment - Drainage and sanitation - Solid waste management - Disposal of bio-medical waste 3 Livestock Focus Group - Livestock holding / breed details farmers discussion - Impact of grazing - Intra-household work load 4 Local Structured - Water sewage, etc. ­ treatment veterinary interview - Drainage and sanitation surgeon - Solid waste management - Disposal of bio-medical waste 5 Civil engineer Structured - Construction related who made / is interview preparing the - Water sewage, etc. ­ treatment plan - Drainage and sanitation - Solid waste management 5 4. AQUAMARTS ­ 5 locations Sl. Stakeholder Method Issues to be covered No 1 Aquaculture Questionnaire; - Impact on bio-diversity farmers ­ 10 Participatory - Use of chemicals ­ antibiotics, feeds each Group Exercise - Use of water ­ resource sharing - Creation of new fish ponds - Land for AquaMart 2 Women's Focus group - Impact on household consumption / group ­ 1 each discussion nutrition ­ impact on health - Gender impact 3 Local fish Semi- - Impact on small fish traders ­ their traders structured role in value chain interview 4 MSAMB Structured - Land for AquaMart officials interview - Construction related - Water sewage, etc. ­ treatment - Drainage and sanitation - Solid waste management 5 Office-bearer Semi- - Impact on bio-diversity of fishermen's structured collectives interview - Use of chemicals ­ antibiotics, feeds - Use of water ­ resource sharing - Creation of new fish ponds - Land for AquaMart 6 District level Structured - Impact on bio-diversity Fisheries interview officer - Use of chemicals ­ antibiotics, feeds - Use of water ­ resource sharing - Creation of new fish ponds - Exotic variety fishes vs. local variety 7 Socially Focus group - Perceptions on opportunities for marginalized discussion participation and sharing of benefits community 6 State level stakeholder consultations 1. Dr. Goyal, Principal Secretary, Coop and Marketing 2. Dr. Kharche of MSAMB Issues to be covered include: - Their independent assessment of possible environmental and social impacts of different interventions - Mitigation measures planned to counter the negative impacts - Institutional arrangements for participation and project management - Thoughts on Environmental social management plan - Ideas on enhancing positive environmental and social outcomes 7 APPENDIX B: SUMMARY OF FARMERS RESPONSE AGRIMART Narayangaon Shingwe Varud Pimpri Deogad Overall Tukai No of 10 10 9 9 10 48 farmers covered Landholding 0-1 Ha 3 2 2 2 3 12 1-2 Ha 4 5 3 2 2 16 > 2 Ha 3 3 4 5 5 20 Landholding patterns of farmer interviewed 25% 42% 33% 0-1 Ha 1-2 Ha > 2 Ha 8 Caste profile SC 3 1 2 4 3 13 ST 0 0 1 1 0 2 OBC 4 4 3 2 1 14 Gen 3 5 3 2 6 19 Religion profile Hindu 10 9 8 9 10 46 Muslim 0 1 1 0 0 2 Christian 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 No of Crops per year Single 2 0 6 5 8 21 Double 8 7 3 4 2 24 More than 0 3 0 0 0 3 two No of crops per annum 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Narayangaon Shingw e Varud Pimpri Deogad Overall Tukai Single Double More than two Main crops Grapes, Paddy, Orange, Pomogranate, Mango, in the area Pomogranate, Sugarcane, Bajra, Sweet lime, Cashew nut, Flowers, Vegetables, Maize, cotton, sugar paddy Maize, Maize Paddy cane Sugarcane, Wheat Current Vashi - Mumbai Local traders, Local traders, APMC APMC - (through farmer APMC APMC Varud Aurangabad, Local Deogad, Vashi - marketing group) trader traders source for agrimart crop Average Rs 15 per Kg - NA - price Fluctuating, Fluctuates - 1500 - Rs 150 - 200 per varies for all varies from 3500 depending on dozen - varies price realised vegetable and 2000 to 8000 size and season with size seasons per MT depending on size and season 9 Main Storage facility, Storage, price Prices too low, Uncertain prices - Quality problems Transportation fluctuation, Market linkages too low. No assurance, unceratnity, Prices transportation uncertain, no storage facility, grading and associated too low - no value and packaging value addition/ processing or value packing facility. with added price facility lacking processing addition scope is Assured marketing facility low transportation Farmers with 6 4 8 5 3 credit Main source Cooperative, Bank, Cooperative Local traders/ Cooperative of credit Bank Cooperative / money money lender bank bank lender Average 12% 9% - 12% 15% - 30% 24% 11.5% interest rates Have you heard of AgriMart Yes 2 1 0 0 1 4 No 7 8 9 7 8 39 NR 1 1 0 2 1 5 Will you join Yes 10 9 7 9 10 45 No 0 0 2 0 0 2 NR 0 1 0 0 0 1 Reasons for Better price, Storage and Better price, Assured price, Better price, storing and sorting preservation, value addition, assured market, better packing joining infrastructure, Transportation, lower wastage better facility for and storage value addition Stable price through packing facility packaging NR - No response 10 SUMMARY OF FARMERS RESPONSE AQUAMART Bhigwan, Ramtek, Washim Kolhapur Palghar, Overall Pune Nagpur Thane No of 12 10 12 12 10 56 fishermen covered Nature of aquaculture resource owned Public irrigation 3 0 12 7 7 29 tank through Coop Private fishing 0 0 0 0 0 0 tank Ownership of 9 10 0 5 3 27 fishing right with others, User of the facility by paying a commission Prfile of fishermen in terms of access to aquaculture resource 48% 52% 0% Public irrigation tank through Coop Private f ishing tank Ow nership of f ishing right w ith others, User of the facility by paying a commission Caste profile SC 7 6 4 8 6 31 ST 0 4 1 0 4 9 OBC 5 0 4 3 0 12 Gen 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 Religon profile Hindu 12 10 9 11 10 52 Muslim 0 0 3 1 0 4 Christian 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 No of active fishing days per year < 30 days 2 0 2 3 0 7 between 30 to 2 1 4 2 0 9 90 days > 90 days 8 9 6 7 10 40 Fisheries is 7 9 7 9 10 42 primary source of livelihoods Main species Indian major Local species - Indian major Indian marine caught crop - Rohu, Vam, maral; crop - Rohu, major crop culture like Katla, Mrigal; Indian major Katla, - Rohu, prawn, local speacies crop - Rohu, Mrigal; Katla, crab;Indian like vam, Katla, Mrigal; Mrigal; major crop - maral local Rohu, speacies Katla, like vam, Mrigal maral Current Local auction Local traders. Local traders, Local trader, Local coop marketing market at village level village level auction center, Bhigwan retail retail vending export traders source for agrimart crop Average price Price fluctuates - Average price - Rs Price varies Retail vanding Rs 50 per Kg realised depending on 30 per KG for from Rs 20 per price - Rs 70 for Indian season, catch and Rohu, Katla; Rs 50 KG up to Rs 50 per kg to Rs major - for size of fish - per Kg for Vam, per Kg, where 120 per Kg. acerage size of Average price ~ Maral. But less as the retail Traders price 1 Kg. Rs 80 - 30 per KG of size than 10% of the price is between Rs 30 - Rs 50 140 per kg for up to 1 Kg, 40 per catch is the latter Rs 80 to 100. per kg. marine culture. KG for size > 1 type Variation Kg for Indian depends on major species catch, season and size. Main problems Price uncertainty. Ice supply. Prices too low, Price Export market associated with Storage and Ice Storage facility. Market linkages controled by linkage - supply. Lack of Price too low. uncertain. traders - no quality marketing transportation. direct assurance. marketing Storage and facility with preservation fishermen (ice). coop. 12 Farmers with 7 4 6 3 7 credit Main source of Coperative. Local trader - Cooperative Local Fish trader, credit fish merchant. / money traders/ cooprative lender money lender Average 12% 24%; 15% - 30% 24% 12-18% interest rates commission on fish sale Have you heard of AquaMart Yes 2 0 4 0 1 7 No 10 8 6 10 8 42 NR 0 2 2 2 1 7 Will you join Yes 10 7 10 9 10 46 No 2 2 0 0 0 4 NR 0 1 2 3 0 6 Reasons for joining Stable price 8 6 12 10 8 44 Better marketing - 33 low waste 7 5 6 6 9 More Ice 3 8 4 3 1 19 Better storage 9 8 5 0 6 28 Value addition 5 2 1 0 7 15 Credit linkage 4 7 8 7 4 30 0 13 Livestock Market Yard Rashim Loni Junnar Kathi - Peth Vadgaon Overall Gondiya No of farmers 10 10 8 8 10 46 covered Landholding 0-1 Ha 6 7 5 4 2 24 1-2 Ha 4 2 2 2 6 16 > 2 Ha 0 1 1 2 2 6 Caste profile SC 4 4 4 4 2 18 ST 0 1 0 3 2 6 OBC 6 2 3 1 4 16 Gen 0 3 1 0 2 6 Caste profile of farmer interviewed Gen 13% SC 39% OBC 35% ST SC ST 13% OBC Gen Religion profile Hindu 10 10 5 5 10 40 Muslim 0 0 3 0 0 3 Christian 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other 0 0 0 3 0 3 Rashim Loni Junnar Kathi - Peth Vadgaon Overall Gondiya Size of Livestock Holding < 5 animals 5 6 5 6 8 30 between 5 & 10 4 4 2 2 1 13 > 10 animals 1 1 1 3 Type of livestock with Farmers Large ruminants 9 10 8 6 8 41 Small ruminants 0 1 2 4 4 11 Poultry/birds 3 2 4 8 3 20 14 Prfile of livestock farm ers in term s of anim al holding 7% 28% 65% < 5 animals betw een 5 & 10 > 10 animals Rashim Loni Junnar Kathi - Peth Vadgaon Overall Gondiya Main problems Pricing - no Farmers are Lack of No system Transportation, associated with transperency; under pressure Transportation, for pricing - vet care marketing Role of to sell, as they water and based on facility, water, middle men - want to return other facilities bargaining night stay at explotative back early - at market power, market place practices; middle men No provision Middlemen Pricing system No take advantage of vet care, exploit both information on of this; insurance buyer and market No facility at sellers the market No facilities place at market place Farmers with credit 7 4 6 3 7 Main source of Cooperative / Local trader - Bank Local Bank + dairy credit money lender large farmer traders/ SHG Average interest 12% 24% 18% 24 - 36% 12-18% rates Have you heard about upgradation in the livestock market Yes 0 0 1 1 1 3 No 10 8 5 7 8 38 NR 0 2 2 0 1 5 Have setting up of APMCs helped livestock farmers Yes 10 7 6 7 9 39 No 0 2 1 0 0 3 NR 0 1 1 1 1 4 Have the pricing been transparent Yes 5 3 6 1 2 17 No 5 7 2 7 8 29 Do you think the upgradation will help farmers 15 Yes 8 10 7 8 10 43 No 0 0 0 0 1 1 NR 2 0 1 0 1 4 0 NR - No response 16 APPENDIX C: SUMMARY OF STAKEHOLDER INTERACTIONS Component I ­ AgriMart Stakeholder Narayangaon Shingwe Tukai Varud Pimpri Deogad Focus - Farmers already - Vegetables are - Orange is the only - If price due to agri - The land here is Group grow flowers on the major crop income generating mart is good, there suitable only for 2 Discussion a portion of for the region, crop for the region, is likelihood of crops ­ cashew and with farmers their land ­ if prices are and it's a plantation more land under mango. Both have in the site unlikely to good more so difficult to sweet lime, but their own typical change the land will be change land in the extent would be oil suitability. portion used to grow it, short run. But if less Already majority of - Not likely to but increase prices are good, - Will change from land is occupied by change the with in 20% more new farmers vegetable, or paddy mango and is not amount of - The change will grow orange ­ - It's a low fertilizer, like to increase fertilizer or will be from likely increase low chemical crop because of agrimart chemicals cotton or between 10-20% of ­ and its not likely - As large portion of - Use of water is sugarcane land to increase mangoes go for high, many - Use of - Change from crop - Sweet lime is not a export market, farmers are fertilizer and like cotton water intensive where chemicals changing to drip chemicals is - Use of chemicals crop, hence suitable are banned, farmers irrigation to increasing, as and fertilizer not for the region are aware of avoid cost of they are less likely to increase where water tables dangers and don't irrigation effective ­ - Water usage is low are low. Project use chemicals; not - Currently need training in orange, and should promote likely to increase supply to on alternatives many farmers as drip irrigation - Water is not a Mumbai market, - Water usage is such use drip. subsidy scheme problem in the same market not likely to Promotion of drip - Currently Mumbai region ­ excess will continue increase as irrigation through a and Pune are the rainfall as well as under agri mart more water subsidy scheme two important high ground waer - Profile not intensive crops will help more markets ­ but table likely to change, like sugarcane farmers unorganised and - Mumbai market is but better is coming - Marketed all across traders pocket most the main domestic packing and down India, more hi tech of the margin. With market, exporters transportation - Marketed all markets like agri mart same collect the harvest will help in across India NDDB's safal markets will through agents getting better with known online market is continue, but better - Same will continue price agents ­ same emerging. Agri pricing and more after agrimart but - All farmers market will Mart will help in margin to farmers with better packing including small continue better packing and hand and quality grading and marginal - Small farmers prices based on - Mostly sweet lime - Most mango farmers in the are the better quality is grown in surplus farmers are small village are part majority - All farmers with land ­ so small to farmers and hence of the group and among thhe out any distinction medium farmers ­ will benefit from they will access vegetable based on size marginal farmers agri mart agri mart growers participate in the (less than 1 Ha mart land) do not grow the crop that much Women - Women - Women - Women play very - Women participate - Women farmers are group members are members little role in the mostly in involved in mango very involved in involved in orange crop ­ it's a production aspects production, a flower growing, production, but cashcrop for as labourers number of current group not in the outside market and - Very few women members in the has more than cooperative or mostly handled by farmers ­ only in group were also 30% members on marketing men case it's a single members in who are women side - The group had not women household cooperative - Women - Mostly men heard of agri mart - Not aware of agri - They did not know members said look after and saw little role mart, but once they about agri mart ­ 17 they will marketing for them to play were told they were but once briefed by participate aspects - If there were interested to the team were actively in the - If there is provision for participate, interested in joining agri mart scope provided participating in the especially if there - As the land in - Women would by the agri mart women said was scope for them deogad is not like half of the mart women they would to get better income suitable for paddy, executive would like to participate, though - Not aware of the it is not grown here committee of participate they feel control fertilizer and water and only cash crop the agri mart to - Chances of will remina with usage like cashew or be women staple food the men - Do not fear any mango is grown members crop reducing - The women group loss of staple food - No fear of excess - They don't fear due to reported that they crop due t agri usage of water or any reduction in vegetable did not have idea mart, as they know chemicals staple food crop growth is not on the water and the importance of because of likely ­ they fertilizer usage of growing the food increased flower know the the crop crop crop importance of - No increase in growing food either chemical - Use of water or or water usage chemicals not anticipated by likely to them increase Interaction - Landholding is - Actively - Few backward - Not very interested - There are a number with very low, use involved in community in the crop and the members in the member of for food vegetable members in the agri mart as they do coop from backward production, very growth coop, landholding not have surplus backward community few have - Number of is low for them to landholding to community farmers surplus land to farmers from engage in orange grow the crop who grow mango grow flowers backward plantation - Mostly participate and are members of - Those that grow community are - Engage as labour as labourer the coop participate in members of - Did not know of - If agri mart is - They will group marketing coop and agri mart going increase the participate in the ­ no bars to join would like to - Not likely to labour rate, they agri mart and the coop participate in participate ­ when would be happy to welcome the - Mostly involved the agrimart told that there will participate facility as this will in labour work - Its an be special measures allow them to in flow important crop for them, their market directly in production for labour response was only Mumbai without - Welcome the income as well if it resulted in depending on agri mart ­ feel - Feel agrimart more income they agents the initiative will benefit the will participate will lead to community - No bar from more income for participating, but farmers and lack of land, hence better plantation and labour rates in capital prevents the region them Interview - Already a - Have been - Felt the agri mart - The trader is a - No local trader with local member of the involved for concept may not commission agent here, farmers take trader flower coop last 10-15 work in varud ­ as at APMC as well the produce to - Welcomes the years on this market is not ready and has been in the Vashi markets agrimart as this business, for paying higher business for last 20 - There are agents of will lead to handled about price for better years export houses who better facilities 3-4 truck load packing or grading - Volume handled contact farmers in packing and per day (each - Is not threatened by between 20-30 MT grading truck 2 MT). agri mart, as their during the season - Agrimart will - Is not worried business is not - Happy to offer his not lead to loss about the agri affected services to the agri 18 of business ­ mart as it will - Has more than 25 mart as well ­ he rather increase take only a years in the trade feels that agri mart the volume and small portion and volume of will need to work quality of of the business, business was over with traders product and even they 30MT last year -Handled on require agents - They work on a average o.5 to 1 and margin of Rs 2-3 MT per day last transporters on a KG and feels year, hpes this - Would like the it is not going to will increase to facility of the change more than 2 MT agri mart to be - Felt small farmers per day this year available to all are better off to for service deal with the trader charge ­ so rather then through that they can coop or agri mart also use the packing facility Interview AJ Virkar Asst Mnager; Santosh Patil DGM and Mr Katkar DGM MSAMB Nagpur with - The concept of agri-mart was well understood, though the producer company model was new and more MSAMB information and training was needed to under stand it official - Required land available with the line department (agriculture), GP or APMC, and will be made available for the project. Wherever line department land is available it is being given priority. - Land availability with clear title and no encroachment is one of the criteria in site selection. - The blueprint of design not finalised yet, but would take care to include drainage, solid waste management features in the design Farmers' - There is a great - Vegetable are - Varud is well - Sweet lime, - Mango is the only Coop/ need for grown as a known for oranges vegetables, crop in this region association facilities like cash crop and it's the main Pomogranate are and soil is suited grading and along with crop here. the main crops for that packing in the other crops like - Lower prices, crop - Recently more - Our farmer flower trade sugarcane, losses and lack of farmers growing members will form - This will benefit cotton and markets led to a lot sweet lime because the producer group the farmers a lot staple crops of farmers not water requirement for agri mart ­ - Flower is grow like paddy and being able to is low cooperative shall along side Jowar recover cost - But market prices extend all Grapes, - Sugarcane - Facilities like fluctuation and cooperation for the pomogranate, prices have grading and sorting linkages to distant purpose paddy, Jowar (in been low and will help ­ but most market is main - Any additional un-irrigated its reducing, important factor is concern facilities will help land). land under export market - If agri mart can mango farmers - Cropping vegetable is linkage ­ with out solve this problem, - Chemical usage is pattern will not growing that the orange we welcome agri very low and large be affected as - Market farmer will not be mart portion of mango only small linkages have able to improve - Farmers change crop goes for portion of land helped farmers - Priority wagon cropping pattern export ­ in fact is under flower to move to services from based on markets there are many and vegetable ­ but railways is required and rainfall growing number of key constraint for transportation organic certified is good pacing - Don't foresee a - These facilities drastic change in farmers and timely need to be built - MSAMB does the cropping pattern transportation training abd ­ low shelf life - Welcome agri mart because of agri facility, but farmers mart certification of the produce process for organic need more Local line - Awareness on - Cropping - Orange farmers are - Have not heard of - Mango is the only department the project pattern facing a crisis AgriMart, but any major crop in the officials components/ changing because of crop initiative in area because of sil facilities coming towards more losses, as well as improving agri type through agri cash crop lower prices. marketing is most - Difficult to 19 mart was low (vegetables, - In this scenario, welcome. mobilize farmers - Have just heard horticulture) agri mart is most - Marketing is the here ­ as they are about such a - Market prices welcome as it can most important very politicised project coming are fluctuating, facilitate better constraint faced by - Use of chemicals to their area but marketing is marketing farmers and fertilizer in the did not know the most - Despite facing - Line department mango crop is low any details. important losses, the cropping will extend all as farmers are Welcome the concern for pattern has support to the aware of the export initiative ­ any farmers remained farmers group restriction ­ our facilities will - Agri mart can unchanged here forming agri mart department trains help the local help in that with Orange being - Copping pattern in them regularly farmers - Use of grown in almost the region is - Farmers do not - Cropping chemicals and 60-70% of land, changing with change cropping pattern has not fertilizer is rest is for staple reduction of pattern frequently changed much ­ increasing but crop. Mainly sugarcane and here, as mango its flowers and because of because orange is a cotton (due to (and cashew) both horticulture for extension work plantation and lower prices and are plantation the main cash of the line hence not easy to frequent crop crops. Once under crops and paddy department and switch. losses) mango, the land is for staple diet ATMA - If the market - Now more committed to the and Jowar in un- training continues to be bad vegetables and crop for 20-25 irrigated land farmers are for orange, then in fruits like years - Setting up of more aware future no new pomegranate and agri mart will growers will come, sweet lime are help farmers get and old plantation being grown ­ as better income, after their period is these are less water but cropping over will not intensive and price pattern will revive. realisation is good. remain same - Fertilizer and - Although there is - Use of pesticide use is also increase in use of chemicals may increasing, pesticide and increase but not department is fertilizer it is not significantly ­ conducting training significant, the the department to make farmers department and and ATMA aware on balanced ATMA train the conduct training use. farmers on this on integrated pest management, optimum use of fertiliser Component II ­ APMC Modernization Stakeholder Nagpur Navi-Mumbai Chandrapur Akola Indapur APMC - Nagpur is one of - One of the - The major crop - Akola APMC is the - The APMC is a officials and the oldest and largest agri handles in the major trade center major centre for market largest APMCs markets, main APMC is soya for agri produce in ground nut, onions, committee of the country supplier of (grains) and the region, most patato, soya and - It's a fresh fruits and vegetables important traded other vegetables autonomous vegetables to - There is no shed for crops are grains - The committee was farmers' body Mumbai city as auction, and (wheat, soya, aware about the and is well as for storage space / paddy) and fruits project facilities financially most export raised platform for and vegetables - Felt the additional autonomous houses based the peak arrivals - The committee did infrastructure making a decent in Mumbai. - The facilities not have much would help better profit - Main crops created would knowledge of the quality product and - Main crops traded include surely lead to less facilities being more income for 20 traded here grains, pulses, losses and better created, but any farmers include staple fruits and income for farmers additional facilities - The current crop like paddy. vegetables, - Grading and sorting created to help operation have Grams, cash spices etc. facilities will be farmers will get the good facility for crop like soya - Measures more used in support of APMC waste management, and fruits and proposed are future, current - When told about though sewage vegetable. It's a for upgradation market not yet the facilities, the water treatment big trading of existing ready (farmers may marketing facility is not there. center for facilities not realise the committee felt it - Not aware if the Orange. - No additional value of it) was very value project design will - All measures land is - There is adequate adding and will have these features being proposed required, all land with the help the farmers to but will be good for are to be taken work has to be APMC for the new earn more the APMC up with in the taken up in facility - Existing facilities - Farmers existing APMC existing facility - Currently there is with in the APMC participation in premises, land - The APMC has no need for sewage premises will be decision making is already good drainage water facility as upgraded and there high available and solid waste water usage is very is land available - Facilities like - Main disposal low, or for waste with in the approach road construction facility management (it is premises to take already exists and works include taken care by the this up no need to create auction platform local SHG) - APMC has new and sheds. - Blue print for the provision for small - It will be one of construction not and margial the first APMCs made yet, so do not farmers to to have know if such participate in electronic facilities will be decision making auction system made available - Have no idea on - Construction - APMC has its own whether the design blue print is not borewell, and no will include ready, but will shortage of water provision for waste include anticipated management and provision for sewage water drainage and treatment facilities waste but current management in operations have the design good facilities MSAMB - Mr Katkar DGM Nagpur, Mr Kadam, DGM MSAMB official - The project aims at infrastructure development and modernization of facilities at current APMC locations, it will include raised platform for grain and fruits and vegetable sections, grading and sorting facilities, better packaging facilities. - In Nagpur and Vashi, there would be electronic auction hall ­ to increase the transparency in transaction - No additional land is required for the project measures, all activities will be carried out in existing APMC premises on APMC land - Hence no need or land acquisition or for converting agri land for non-agri purpose - Construction designs and blue prints not ready yet, hence not sure if the design will include waste management measures, sewage treatement measures or not. But they realize the importance and ensure that proper measures are taken. - Approach roads are part of the APMC layour currently, each of the selected APMCs have excellent approach road. There is no need for new approach road to be constructed Farmers - Cooperative is a - No farmers - Current APMC is - Akola APMC is a - Major crop here is coop part of APMC ­ coop located at nominated one, model market yard patato, onion, and represented Vashi. Vashi is coop is a member in the region, grains like soy and in the the an apex APMC but elected body farmers from far paddy, Jowar and executive in the state yet to come in force and wide bring pulses committee with - Main crop traded their produce here - This will surely - Major crops representative here is soya - Main crops are benefit small include grains members from - Chandrapur taluk wheat, paddy, soya, farmers as most 21 like soya, wheat other APMC itself does not have cotton, fruits and vegetable farmers and paddy, farmer coop, the vegetables are small ­ they fruits and APMC is more an - Not aware of the will benefit form vegetables, cash district level apex project provision the packaging and crops like cotton APMC ­ No agri - Believes additional grading sorting - Heard about the land in the taluk, its facilities will be facility project but does all for industrial value adding' - Farmers do not not know about purpose change cropping - APMC premises the specific - Not aware about has sufficient land pattern easily ­ no measures, hence the project available for the drastic change in not able to - When briefed of measures, it will cropping intensity, comment the infrastructure not be an issue fertilizer use or - But feel better development water use - Waste disposal anticipated marketing facilities proposed, plan is good ­ it is facilities is a felt welcomed the contacted out to a - Not aware of the need of the project private party and project design and farmers - Losses are high APMC earns form land required for it, - This will not because of no this ­ same will but APMC has have any proper storage and continue after the adequate land, no adverse impact lack of auction project also land acquisition in terms of platform for peak required for the - Farmers do not project water or season value grading and fertilizer usage - There is no worry sorting, as traders ­ farmers will on sewage or waste do not give better use as per what disposal, as volume price for it; if it is they have been is low and taken institutionalised using with out care by local and price the project also groups difference is high, farmers will adopt APMC civil - Not aware of the - - - - engineer project or the blue print, can not comment on construction - Existing facilities up- gradation ­ there is land available in premises to take it up - Current solid waste management not enough, need to improve Component III ­ Livestock market yard upgradation Stakeholder Rashim, Karjat Loni, Rahata Junnar, Pune Kathi, Gondiya Peth Vadgaon, Kolhapur Livestock - Livestock is a - Loni is the - Farmers not aware - Cattle market is - Market in very farmers - secondary main livestock of the project strategically poor condition with Individual occupation for market for the - Most livestock located ­ both MP no facility ­ not structured most farmers ­ region ­ people farmers are small and Chhatishgarh even drinking water interview they have less from all over and marginal (less border is very near for animals as well was not than five Maharashtra as than 1 ha land, and and lots of farmers as the farmers possible in animals well as from less than 5 animals) and livestock visiting many - Most cross bred other states as traders from across - Farmers have no - Dairy is an 22 locations as animals are for far as Punjab important source of the state come resting place for the markets milk and native come here for income ­ main - Market committee night, this restricts were weekly animals are for buying and complementary has a designated trading hours as no farmers draught purpose selling of income market place farmers have to go were there - Farmer go to livestock - Almost all dairy nearby, but current back before during the market only - More than animal is cross location where evening visit of the when they have 10,000 animals bred, the only trading takes place - Critical need for team; FGDs to buy or sale ­ assemble their native animals are is a panchyat land improving the were less than three every week kept for agri - There are no facilities, farmers conducted in times in a year - Current draught purpose support facility for are willing to pay the nearby - Market facilities facilities are - A section of the farmers at the for the services (in villages to are very poor ­ good, but farmers also do market ­ no water, terms of entry fee get farmers no drinking critical support small ruminant no farmer resting or on transaction) opinion water, like vet care rearing place - Farmers feel the fee sanitation, no and water - Market is well - Lack of collected now is facility for food supply needed accessible, has Transparency in enough to maintain and - Awareness on good facility prices and the market yard transportation project is not - But transportation, transaction properly, but - Any there cattle shed, loading - No APMC is not improvement in - Main problems and unloading communication ­ investing enough infrastructure is related to platform not there farmers have to - This is because it is most welcome transportation, - Need better walk 8-10 KM to a sub-market yard - Farmer already transparency in transparency in reach the market - Most farmers are pay service pricing, quality pricing and from the villages very poor and charges in terms assuring transaction around marginal farmers of entry fee, and mechanism - Land is no issue - Basic animal health 1% of - Farmers are not care need to be transaction ­ but ready to pay higher provided in market no facility service charges, as place provided against the levy currently - This project is that ­ they will collected is not critically needed not like to pay used for any for the farmers in any more support the region service charges APMC - No registered - Existing - Very active market - This market - Main animals officials / trader ­ both facilities are to and currently supports the traded include dairy Market buyers and be improved ­ generates a surplus livestock farmers cattle, also committee sellers are no new land to in terms of levy of the remote bullocks, and ome farmers only be acquired collected region small ruminants - Market yard is - There is a need - No registered - But there are no - Water is a major open to all for improving traders here facilities available problem in the area farmers whether as many - Every week, 3-5K in the market yard and no good source form this region critical animals are brought - Main animals of water or other facilities are here traded are cross - Market needs to - No need for not there like - Land available with bred cattle have its own deep membership or water, resting in market yard for - Market committee borewell registration as place and vet additional facilities is not functional - Adequate land (10 long as they pay care now, elections are acres) available for - Not aware of entry fee for - Strong need for project components due construction animals and 1% drainage as it - Being a sub-market - Market committee of transaction as becomes very - Current income will be sufficient yard, kathi does not has propsed for levy while muddy in get enough focus, cattle sheds, for maintenance, buying monsson no infrastructure farmers rest rom, need not raise the - No awareness of - Similarly cattle levy has ben developed raised platform for the project sheds are very - There is even no loading/ unloading details important in - Waste management is contracted out to fencing done for - Currently no - But adequate summer the market yard sewage treatment a private party ­ no land available - Loading and bio medical waste - Farmers coming or drainage facility with in the unloading 23 market yard ­ platforms not as there is no vet from far off face a - Would be happy to no need for any there for the facility with in the lot of problems get drainage and extra land animals market yard - There is no specific waste management - No provision for - Maintenance is waste management as part of design bio medical not very costly system now, the - No vet facility in waste ­ its and can be villagers take it the market thrown with managed with away for - Welcome the regular garbage the levy being composting ­ we project and feel it earned from can organise a will add a lot of the market women group to value for the collect it farmers - No vet facility MSAMB - Livestock markets are usually on submarket yards ­ the selected markets are the most active as well as the officials most needy matkets - Each site is already an existing market, facilities will be built on the existing site, no additional land to be acquired - Each APMC has clear land title to these lands and no encroachment - But the facilities are very basic and farmers face a lot of problem - Plan for waste management and drainage is included in the project plan - No provision for bio-medical waste separately now, can be included - Each site has existing approach road, no new construction needed - The APMC will be in charge of maintaining the facilities, they will earn levy form the market operations which will be utilized for this purpose; most market yards generate surplus levy Veterinary - There is a - Present at - No veterinary - There was no - No veterinary officer veterinary market yard on outpost in the veterinary clinic or outpost with in the outpost in the market days vicinity of the out post in the market yard market yard - Mostly takes market yard vicinity of the - Many unqualified where a vet up AI, and - Goes there only market yard practioner come on assistant is health check when there is a call - Even at the taluk the market days for deputed on up (for medical (usually if an level the vet officer AI market days certificate) animals delivers) was not available - The MC should - If there is a call - No screening - It would be useful for a discussion provide a proper vet officer goes mechanism for to have a veterinary shed and clinic for - Most calls are to animals to post with in the the veterinary check the detect FMD or market yard, where officer animal health other infected one can sit and - No screening and issue animal work mechanism ­ medical - There is no - If required he can disease outbreak in certificate facility in the depute a vet the region is low - No treatment or market yard for assistant to the - No reported FMD surgery happens the veterinary market yard or mad cow in market yard officer 9not regularly infection I the - No bio-medical even a shed is district so far waste generated, provided for - But would be good usually the vet the work) to have a screening assistant keeps - The hygiene facility all medical condition is - Hygiene condition waste in a very poor, and should be improved separate bag and especially with drainage and dumps it near to during rains it waste disposal vet center becomes very muddy - No special measures for bio- - No drainage medical waste ­ facility in the would be a good market yard practice if it is added 24 APPENDIX D: SALIENT FEATURES OF MODEL APMC ACT 1. The Title of the Act is changed to highlight the objective of development of agricultural marketing in addition to its regulation under the Act. Accordingly, the Preamble of the Act is redrafted to provide for development of efficient marketing system, promotion of agri-processing and agricultural exports and to lay down procedures and systems for putting in place an effective infrastructure for the marketing of agricultural produce. (Section-1). 2. Legal persons, growers and local authorities are permitted to apply for the establishment of new markets for agricultural produce in any area. Under the existing law, markets are setup at the initiative of State Governments alone. Consequently, in a market area, more than one market can be established by private persons, farmers and consumers. (Section- 3). 3. There will be no compulsion on the growers to sell their produce through existing markets administered by the Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC). However, agriculturist who does not bring his produce to the market area for sale will not be eligible for election to the APMC. (Section-14). 4. Separate provision is made for notification of `Special Markets' or `Special Commodities Markets' in any market area for specified agricultural commodities to be operated in addition to existing markets. (Section-20). 5. The APMC have been made specifically responsible for: 6. Ensuring complete transparency in pricing system and transactions taking place in market area. 7. Providing market-led extension services to farmers; 8. ensuring payment for agricultural produce sold by farmers on the same day; 9. Promoting agricultural processing including activities for value addition in agricultural produce; and 10. Publicizing data on arrivals and rates of agricultural produce brought into the market area for sale. 11. Setup and promote public private partnership in the management of agricultural markets. (Section -26 & 27) 12. Provision made for the appointment of Chief Executive Officer of the Market Committee from among the professionals drawn from open market. (Section-36). 13. A new Chapter on `Contract Farming' added to provide for compulsory registration of all contract farming sponsors, recording of contract farming agreements, resolution of disputes, if any, arising out of such agreement, exemption from levy of market fee on produce covered by contract farming agreements and to provide for indemnity to producers' title/ possession over his land from any claim arising out of the agreement. (Chapter-VII). 14. Model specification of contract farming agreements provided in the Addendum to the model law. 15. Provision made for direct sale of farm produce to contract farming sponsor from farmers' field without the necessity of routing it through notified markets. (Chapter-VII). 16. Provision made for imposition of single point levy of market fee on the sale of notified agricultural commodities in any market area and discretion provided to the State Government to fix graded levy of market fee on different types of sales. (Section-42) 17. Licensing of market functionaries is dispensed with and a time bound procedure for registration is laid down. Registration for market functionaries provided to operate in one or more than one market areas. (Section-44) 25 18. Commission agency in any transaction relating to notified agricultural produce involving an agriculturist is prohibited and there will be no deduction towards commission from the sale proceeds payable to agriculturist seller. (Section-44(6)). 19. Provision made for the purchase of agricultural produce through private yards or directly from agriculturists in one or more than one market area. (Section-45). 20. Provision made for the establishment of consumers'/ farmers' market to facilitate direct sale of agricultural produce to consumers. (Section-46) 21. Provision made for resolving of disputes, if any, arising between private market/ consumer market and Market Committee. (Section-50) 22. State Governments conferred power to exempt any agricultural produce brought for sale in market area, from payment of market fee. (Section-56). 23. Market Committees permitted to use its funds among others to create facilities like grading, standardization and quality certification; to create infrastructure on its own or through public private partnership for post harvest handling of agricultural produce and development of modern marketing system. (Section-59) 24. For the Chairmanship of State Agricultural Marketing Board, two options provided namely Minister in-charge of Agricultural Marketing as ex-officio or alternatively to be elected by the Chairman/ members of Market Committees. (Section-63) 25. The State Agricultural Marketing Board made specifically responsible for: 26. Setting up of a separate marketing extension cell in the Board to provide market-led extension services to farmers; 27. Promoting grading, standardization and quality certification of notified agricultural produce and for the purpose to set up a separate Agricultural Produce Marketing Standards Bureau (Section-73) 28. Funds of the State Agricultural Marketing Board permitted to be utilized for promoting either on its own or through public private partnership, for the following: 29. Market survey, research, grading, standardization, quality certification, etc. 30. Development of quality testing and communication infrastructure. 31. Development of media, cyber and long distance infrastructure relevant to marketing of agricultural and allied commodities. (Section-79) 26 APPENDIX E: STUDY TEAM PROFILE Parth Tewari, Country Director, India Team Leader, Social and Institutional Development Expert Parth Tewari is the Country Director of TechnoServe India, where he is developing and implementing the strategy for the country program in line with TechnoServe's mission and vision. Previously, Parth worked as an analyst and later as an engagement manager/expert with the Strategy Practice of McKinsey & Co., Inc. in New York, Washington DC and New Delhi, with a focus on the financial services sector. Among his achievements, Parth developed McKinsey's latest perspective on corporate and business unit strategy that has been applied across multiple industries and geographies. In addition, he developed part of the human capital strategy of a Southeast Asian country. Parth has co-authored a number of articles and presentations, the most notable being the McKinsey Quarterly article Brains Abroad, which has been showcased in various international media and applied by policy makers in few countries. Prior to McKinsey, Parth worked for the flagship financial services company of one of India's largest family owned businesses, the Aditya Birla group. As Assistant Manager he was responsible for structuring and executing corporate finance deals. Parth has a Bachelor of Science degree in Physics from the University of Delhi. He also received a Master of Science in Management, as a Sloan Fellow, from Stanford Graduate School of Business in California. Parth helped to set up the American India Foundation, a leading international development organization charged with the mission of accelerating social and economic change in India. He is also the Board of The Pondicherry Institute, part of the Sri Aurobindo Society. In spare time Parth likes to compose music, travel and spend time with friends. Rakesh Supkar, Consultant Team Manager and Community participation specialist Rakesh Supkar is a Consultant at TechnoServe India, where he is working to promote enterprise development and help farmers capture more value from the agri-value chain. Previously, Rakesh worked as a consultant at the Centre for Development Finance at IFMR, Chennai. At IFMR, Rakesh focused on rural infrastructure and farmer financing. Prior to IFMR, Rakesh worked with Catalyst Management Services in Bangalore, where he managed the Livelihood Resource Centre. Rakesh also worked with CARE India in Orissa as a field program officer, where he focused on livelihood restoration, health and nutrition projects. Rakesh has a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Electrical Engineering from NIT, Surat. He also received a Masters in Development Studies from the Institute of Social Sciences in The Hague and a Master of Business Administration from the Institute of Rural Management Anand in India. Sajan Ganapathy, Consultant Farm practices and IPM expert Sajan Ganapathy is a Consultant at TechnoServe India, where he is working to help marginal and small farmers access markets more effectively and capture more value for their goods. Previously, Sajan led a team to set up Just Change India, a producer company that aims to create market linkages amongst disadvantaged communities. Just Change India helps create links which enable communities to trade directly in commodities which they produce and 27 consume, thereby avoiding middlemen. During this work, Sajan has worked closely with socially marginalized groups like backward communities and tribal communities across five states in India. Prior to Just Change India, Sajan worked with ActionAid India for 5 years as a program officer. Sajan has a Bachelor of Sciences degree in Agriculture from the Kerala Agriculture University. He also received a Master of Business Administration from the Institute of Rural Management Anand in India. David Gandhi, Consultant Environment Management Expert David Gandhi is a consultant with more than 10 years of experience in Natural Resource Management, Agri-business and Environment Assessment. David has worked with a diverse set of organization like the Western Orissa Rural Livelihood Project, Royal Danish Embassy's Watershed development project in Madhya Pradesh, Watershed Organisation Trust WOTR) and Indo German Social Service Society. His previous consulting assignments have included studies for World Bank, NALEP Kenya, Aga Khan Foundation. David has extensive experience of working with socially disadvantaged groups like schedule caste and tribe and women groups. David has completed his M.Sc. in Agricultural Sciences from University of Agriculture Dapoli. Jayant Patil, Consultant Community Legal Rights Expert Jayant Patil is a Development professional, working from 14 years for integrated rural development with people centered approach, having successive achievements from grass-root implementation to middle management functioning with focus on NRM and livelihoods, having competencies of visioning and conceptualizing sustainable and replicable initiatives. Jayant has worked closely with socially marginalized communities like backward caste communities and tribal communities for more than a decade. He has been involved in the farmers' rights movement in Maharashtra. Jayant has a Masters degree in Agriculture from Aurangabad and has a number of papers and articles on development issues and scientific subjects to his credit. 28 APPENDIX F: SAMPLE COPY OF LAND RECORD FOR AQUAMART VERIFIED BY THE TEAM 29 30 31 APPENDIX G: INDICATORS FOR PROJECT INTERVENTIONS COMPONENT I ­ AgriMart Environmental assessment indicators Social assessment indicators Amount of waste generated ­ Solid Proportion of land under staple and Liquid; Degradable and non- crop degradable Involvement of small and marginal Amount of chemical fertiliser and farmers in agri mart management/ pesticides used for agri mart crop decision making bodies per Ha Involvement of women in agri mart Water usage ­ per Ha use of water management/ decision making for agri mart crop against baseline bodies (number of irrigation per year) ­ Local wage rates / man days Number of farmers members generated adapting measures like drip irrigation/ integrated pest Interest of small players in the management/ combination of supply chain fertiliser and pests Credit profile of farmer members ­ Ground water levels in agri mart proportion of members with formal villages sources of credit vis-à-vis informal sources Solid waste management practices Water treatment measures Hygiene levels at agri mart site / surroundings (stagnant water, uncovered solid waste material on open space, mosquitoes & flies breeding, dust/pollution resulting from vehicle movement) 32 COMPONENT II ­ Modernization of APMCs Environmental assessment indicators Social assessment indicators Amount of waste generated ­ Solid Involvement of small and marginal and Liquid; Degradable and non- farmers in management/ decision degradable making bodies of the market Solid waste management practices Involvement of women in management / decision making Water treatment measures bodies of the market Price realized by farmers for the relevant commodity Expanded markets/destinations made available COMPONENT III ­ Development of livestock markets at APMCs Environmental assessment indicators Social assessment indicators Amount of waste generated ­ Solid Involvement of women in and Liquid; Degradable and non- management / decision making degradable bodies of the market Solid waste management practices Credit profile of farmer members ­ proportion of members with formal Water treatment measures sources of credit vis-à-vis informal sources Hygiene levels at the cattle market site / surroundings (stagnant water, Veterinary service coverage e.g. uncovered solid waste material on vaccination and AI open space, mosquitoes & flies breeding, dust/pollution resulting from vehicle movement) Involvement of small and marginal farmers in management/ decision making bodies of the market COMPONENT IV ­AquaMart 33 Environmental assessment indicators Social assessment indicators Amount of waste generated ­ Solid Household consumption/nutritional and Liquid; Degradable and non- intake in family - impact on degradable children/ women's health Solid waste management practices Equitable opportunity for small farmers to participate and benefit Aquaculture biodiversity ­ local vs. introduced fish varieties Equitable opportunity for small traders - how they compete vis-à-vis Hygiene levels at AquaMart site / large / organized players surroundings (stagnant water, uncovered solid waste material on Possible loss of livelihood for small open space, mosquitoes & flies traders / other players in the value breeding, dust/pollution resulting chain from vehicle movement) 34 APPENDIX H: SUB-PROJECT SCREENING FORMS FOR ESMF I. Form ES1: Sub-project screening at pre-planning stage Form to be filled by Submitted to When Project Implementing Unit at field level Project management Unit Along with the sub- (either APMC or Implementing Line (PMU) of MSAMB project proposal Dept ­ Officer in charge) Subprojects with any of the attributes listed below will be ineligible for support under the proposed project. Any project activity with the potential for significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats would be ineligible for support through the project. Including, but not limited to, any activity within: Any project that is not consistent with applicable laws and regulations of the state. Any project with the potential for significant damages to cultural property. Any project that is not consistent with the project description at time of project negotiations, unless subsequently agreed to with the Bank along with the appropriate level of environmental and social management. Any project or activity involving the procurement of pesticides not allowable under Bank guidelines Sr. Question Yes No No. 1. Does the identified site fall under any Declared Forest Reserves or any Wildlife Reserves; National Parks and Sanctuaries 2. Does the site falls with in CRZ I or any CRZ zone where activities are not allowable in accordance with the CRZ Notification 3. Is the site less than 200 m from any natural water body, river, lake and natural wetland 4. Is the site less than 100 m from any dry river bed and man-made water body (except for aqua marts and fisheries activities) 5. Is the site located within any legally designated Protected Area (PA), such as National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, Reserved Forest, Protect Forests etc 6. Is the use of site result in large-scale land use changes or habitat conversion 7. Will the project implementation at the site result in physical displacement of any person/family/household in selecting the site for implementing the project Signature : Name of person filling form : Designation : For use of MSAMB : Signature : Name of person screening form at MSAMB : Designation : If answer to any of the above question is YES; the sub-project proposal would not be approved II. Form ES2: Project preparation level screening This form needs to be submitted before the launch of the preparation stage of the sub-project. 35 Form to be filled by Submitted to When Project Implementing Unit at field Environmental and Before start of level (either APMC or Implementing Social Cell of PMU preparation stage Line Dept ­ Officer in charge) S. Question Yes No NA* No. 1. If intensification of production envisaged, whether the proposal includes pest and soil nutrient management plan? 2. If increase in solid and/or liquid waste anticipated, whether waste management plan included in the proposal? 3. If sewage water outlet anticipated, whether proposal includes primary sewage treatment plan? 4. If land acquisition is envisaged, whether land acquisition process initiated? 5. If any families are affected due to loss of livelihood or as encroacher - whether R&R measures planned? 6. If tribals are in significant numbers, whether Tribal Development Plan prepared 7. Does the project proposal has Gender Development Plan prepared * Answer `NA' is the question is not relevant for the project, e.g. when there is no land acquisition envisaged, or no affected families etc. Signature : Name of person filling form : Designation : For use of MSAMB : Signature : Name of person screening form at MSAMB : Designation : If answer to any of the above question is NO; the sub-project proposal would not be approved 36 III. Form ES3: Pre-implementation stage screening This form needs to be submitted after the project preparation stage and before the launch of the implementation/construction stage of the sub-project. Form to be filled by Submitted to When Project Implementing Unit at field Environmental and Before start of level (either APMC or Implementing Social Cell of PMU implementation Line Dept ­ Officer in charge) stage S. Question Yes No NA* No. 1. If pest and soil nutrient management plan involved, whether appropriate amount budgeted for implementation? 2. If waste management plan included whether appropriate amount budgeted for implementation of the same? 3. If primary sewage treatment planned whether appropriate amount budgeted for implementation of the same? 4. If land acquisition was involved, whether compensation paid to all affected persons? 5. If R&R measures were triggered, whether the R&R entitlements extended to all identified persons? * Answer `NA' is the question is not relevant for the project, e.g. when there is no land acquisition involved, or R&R measures not triggered etc. Signature : Name of person filling form : Designation : For use of MSAMB : Signature : Name of person screening form at MSAMB : Designation : If answer to any of the above question is NO; the sub-project proposal would not be approved for implementation stage 37 IV. Form ES4: Pre-operation stage screening This form needs to be submitted on a monthly basis during implementation stage -before the launch of the operation stage of the sub-project. Form to be filled by Submitted to When Project Implementing Unit at field Environmental and Frequency ­ Monthly level (either APMC or Implementing Social Cell of PMU during implementation Line Dept ­ Officer in charge) stage S. Question Target Actual No. as per achieved plan 1. Amount spend on waste management plan 2. Amount spent on pest, soil and nutrient management plan 3. Extent of land acquired 4. Amount of compensation paid 5. No of affected families provided with R&R entitlements 6. Amount spent on TDP activities 7. Amount spent on GDP activities 8. No of local people getting wage employment in project construction Signature : Name of person filling form : Designation : For use of MSAMB : Signature : Name of person screening form at MSAMB : Designation : If actual achieved in any of the above question is lower than target as per plan; the sub-project proposal would not be approved for operation stage 38 Form ES5: Operation stage environmental and social monitoring This form needs to be submitted on a quarterly basis during operation stage of the sub- project. Form to be filled by Submitted to When Project Implementing Unit at field Environmental and Frequency ­ Quarterly level (either APMC or Implementing Social Cell of PMU during operation stage Line Dept ­ Officer in charge) S. Question Yes No NA No. 1. Is the solid waste generated in the project separated for bio-degradable and non-bio degradable waste at source? 2. Is the bio-degradable waste being utilized for composting/ bio gas plant in the project location by the community? 3. Is the primary sewage treatment operational? 4. Is the pest, soil and nutrient management plan operational in the community? S. Question Target Actual No. as per achieved plan 5. Amount of organic manure/ compost sold to farmer users during the quarter 6. Number of IPM related training / awareness campaigns held in the community 7. Proportion among the service user farmers - Tribal farmers - Farmers from backward communities - Women farmers - Marginal and small farmers (with landholding less than 1 ha) 8. Representation in the executive committee of farmer association/ market committee - Tribal farmers - Farmers from backward communities - Women farmers - Marginal and small farmers (with landholding less than 1 ha) Signature : Name of person filling form : Designation : For use of MSAMB : Signature : 39 Name of person screening form at MSAMB : Designation : ESC to monitor the report on a quarterly basis, provide feedback to PIU for necessary corrective actions if needed for operation stage 40 APPENDIX I: DESIGN OF ROOF RAINWATER HARVESTING STRUCTURE Design of roof rainwater harvesting structure Design ­ German Agro Action project for school buildings 41 APPENDIX J: SAMPLE LIST OF NGOS WORKING ON HIV/AIDS TARGETED INTERVENTION ­ MIGRANT LABOURERS Partners of AVERT Society ­ a statewide HIV / AIDS prevention program 1 2 Mr. Manohar Golpewar Mr. M N Wakhare, Vice President Indian Institute of Youth Welfare Bhartiya Adim Jati Sevak Sangh, Vidarbha 134 Shivaji Nagar Nagpur Nagpur 440 010 Malviya Nagar, Khamla Tel: 95712-2248421/2244662/5330090 Nagpur 440 025 Fax: 95712-5330090 Tel: 0712 ­ 2232609, Email: youthwel@sify.com 9890629782 - Kakde Ms. Smita Puranik, Coordinator Main office : 2290421 9325613535 - Counsellor 9860818422 - ORW EMAIL ID : bajss@dataone.in 3. 4. Dr. Sheshagiri Rao, Mr. Mohan Rao Family Planning Association of India- Society for Human & Environmental Thane (FPAI) Development (SHED) Prajanan Swasthya Kendra (PSK) Opp.St.Mary S High School Church Street, premise, Kalina Santacruz 2nd Floor, Trimurti Complex, Opposite Mumbai - 400 029 Ashoka Hotel, Kalyan Road, Telephone :(022) / 2666 5782 2409 0483 Bhiwandi ­ 400 601 Suresh Wadkar ,Coordinator 9869217472 Telephone : (952522) 238930/ 258752 9324658703 Dr. Rao : 9821679681 Email : shed@vsnl.net lwp.fpai@gmail.com, seshagiri@vsnl.net suresh04_wadkar@yahoo.co.in Mandar 5 6 Mr. Arun Dolke Prof. Arun Chauhan , Hon. Secretary National Institute of Women, Child & Verala Development Society Youth Development Gokak Sadan 14/51 Kala Nagar, Plot No.14, Layout 4, Jaiprakash Nagar, Madhavnagar Rd. P B Nagpur 440 025 Sangli - 416416 Tel : 95712 2290521 Telephone : 95233 2310288 9371198456 +9372201100 ­ Dr. Zai Kulkarni niwcydnagpur@gmail.com Email : san_verala@sancharnet.in 7. Ms. Vaijayanta Anand, Director NIRMAN, CIDCO Community Center, Ground Floor, Room No-2, Sector-9, Nerul Navi Mumbai-400 709, INDIA. Telephone - Office: 91-22-27716806 Email - nirman_org@yahoo.co.in Ms. Vaijanta-+919223231664 Amruta : 9869309421 Pradeep : 9892367983 Radhika : 9821167303 Aaryuir, Nirman 42 Project Office : Shop No.5, 90 Feet Road, Near Dharavi Police Station, Opp. J.P.R. Videos, Dharavi, Mumbai 400 029 Tel: 659747659 Radhika : Coordinator NGO Partners of Avert Society : Community Care Centre and Voluntary Counseling & Testing Centre (VCTC + CCC) ­ 2 1. Prof. S. Y. Saptasagar 2. Dr.S.R.Johrapurkar, Director, DMIMS Yerala Projects Society Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Yerala Bhavan, Sangli Miraj Road, Datta Meghe Institute Medical Sciences Near Tata Petrol Pump, Miraj Road, Dr.S.R.Johrapurkar, Sawangi (Meghe), Vishrambag, Sangli ­ 416415 Wardha-442004, Maharashtra State, Tel (95233) 2671318 / 2670722/ Tel - 957152-240808,245967,245968 2672796 M - +919822846995 Email : san_ypssli@sancharnet.in 1. Partner NGOs of National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) - GOI Sr Name of NGO Contact Person Address and contact info No 1. Indian Health Dr. I. S. Gilada, Municipal School Building, Organisation JJ Hospital Compound, Mumbai-400 008. Tel:- 3738999 Fax:- 3864433 2. Tata Institute of Dr. Vimala Post Box No.8313, Social Sciences, Nadkarni, Sion-Trombay Road, Deonar. (Dept. of Medical Mumbai-400 088. & Psychiatric Tel:-556 3290 -96. Social work), Fax:-556 2912. 3. Sevadham Trust, Dr. V.S. Gore C/o Manoj Clinic, 1148, Sadashiv Peth, Pune - 411 030. Tel:-472700 4. Service of Dr. R. 'A' Wing, Umiya Apartments, Society Gowd.(Presiden Canada Corner, t) Nasik-422 005. Tel:-(0253) 578793, 570707 Fax:- 350750 5. Vanchit Vikas Dr. Asha Apte 405/9, Narayanpet, Behind Modi Ganpati Temple, Pune-411 030 Ph:- 454658, 483050 6. ASHA Project Dr. Jairaj G. Mumbai Municipal Corporation, AIDS/STD and Thanekar, IInd floor, Municipal Eye Hospital, Health Action Maulana Shaukat Ali Marg, Mumbai-400008. 43 Tel:-3080486, 3088609(O) Fax:- 3005175. 7. Catholic Nurses Sr. Anne John C.N. G.I. National Secretariat 2, Guild of India, R.J.M. St. Michael Annex, 2nd Floor, Mahim, Mumbai-400 016. Tel:-4456135 Fax:-4456135 8. Lawyers Dr. Mandeep 4th Floor, Jalaram Jyot, Collective Dhaliwal 63, Ghogha Street, (Janambhoomi Lane), Flora Foundation, Mumbai-400001. Tel:-2830957, 285-2543, Fax:-282 3570. 9. AIDS Research Dr. Subhash STD Building, & Control Hira, Director, JJ Hospital, Organisation Mumbai-400 008. (ARCON), Ph:- 3742193 Fax:- 444 0378 44 APPENDIX K: LIST OF TRAINING RESOURCE INSTITUTION THAT CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE PROJECT The proposal already mentions a number of state level training agencies for supporting the capability development needs of the community based organisations promoted by the project. These include 1. Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA), 2. Regional Agriculture Management and Training Institute (RAMETI) and 3. Vasantrao Naik Agricultural Management and Training Institute (VANANATI), The project is making investment in strengthening these institutions, and should surely involve them in the capability development programs required by the project. In addition the study team is suggesting a few more institutions ­ both in Maharashtra and a few located outside, with their training focus areas and contacts. These organisations can also provide required training inputs to the community institutions as required. Sl. Name of the Focus Areas Address No. Organisations/ Institutions 1 YASHADA - Yeshwantrao Apex training institute of the Yashwantrao Chavan Academy of Development Chavan Academy of Government Of Maharashtra Administration (YASHADA), Rajbhavan Development towards buiding and promoting Complex, Baner Road, Pune: 411 007, INDIA Administration modern management practices (YASHADA) and development administration. It includes good governence at local level and urban governance. 2 MDMTC - Mani Bhai Provides management training BAIF DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH Desai Management and capacity building to BAIF FOUNDATION, Dr. Manibhai Desai Nagar, Training Center, BAIF, staff and Peoples organization Warje, Pune 411 058 Phone 91 - 20 - 25231661 Pune (PO) promoted by BAIF. Fax 91 - 20 - 25231662 E-mail baif@vsnl.com 3 AKRSP - Aga Khan Rural Undertake trainings and capacity AGAKHAN RURAL SUPPORT Support Program, building towards village level PROGRAMME; 9th & 10th floor ; Corporate Ahmedabad institutions engaged in promoting House, Opp Torrent House Ashram Rd; livelihoods for poor Ahmedabad, Phone: 27540421/ 55312451, email : akrspi@icenet.net 4 PRADAN - Professional Forming Producer groups are PRADAN, 3 Community Shopping Centre, Niti Assisstance for integral part of PRADAN's work. Bagh, New Delhi-110049, Tel: 011-26518619, Development Action, New Provides contextual training to 26514682, E-mail: headoffice@pradan.net Delhi staff and farmers group 5 Indian School of Modular program to build 3rd floor, Surabhi Arcade, Bank Street, Troop Livelihood Promotion, capacities towards livelihood Bazar, Koti, Hyderabad-500001, Tel: +91-40- Hyderabad promotion for rural poors 30512500/01, Email: info@basixindia.com 6 Cooperative Development Assists cooperatives in managing H.No. 3-5-43/B, Opposite, Jagruti College, Foundation, Hyderabad their buisness including legal Ramkote, Hyderabad - 500 001, +91-40-2475- services. Provides training to 0327, Email - info@sahavisaka.coop members towards good governance 45 APPENDIX L: GROUP STRENGTH ASSESSMENT EXERCISE SEMF framework proposes an annual assessment of strengths of farmers or producer groups. This exercise is designed to be participatory and should be undertaken involving all the stakeholders of the project, particularly women, SC/ST and marginalized sections of communities. The project team would undertake this exercise. Following framework for assessing institutional strength is proposed: Parameters Key questions for assessment Means of verification 1. Membership 1. Is the membership increasing 1. Membership register and over time? profile of the members 2. Are women, SC/ST and other 2. Focus group discussions with backward sections of members, particularly communities adequately women and marginalized represented? sections 3. Is the membership criteria defined by the institution is inclusive? 2. Decision 1. Who takes the decision - 1. Meeting minutes of the making Executive Committee/Village executive committee and leaders/General Body? general body 2. Is there adequate 2. Profile of the executive representation of women and committee other marginalized sections 3. Focus group discussion with in the decision making body? members and executive 3. Is there any discontent committee among the members due to certain decisions? 3. Conflict 1. What are the rules for 1. Bye law of the institution Resolution sanctions and it's on the 2. Meeting minutes ground application? 3. Focus group discussion with 2. What is the nature of general body and executive conflicts? committee 3. Is the institution able to resolve? 4. Accountability 1. Do members know about 1. Focus Group Discussion and their roles and with members Transparency responsibilities? 2. How key decisions are communicated to the members? 3. Do members know about income and expenditure of the institution? 46 5. Responsiveness 1. What are the institutional 1. Bye law, meeting minutes of mechanisms to address crisis the institution situation? 2. Focus group discussion with 2. How much time does the members institution takes to respond and address? 47 APPENDIX M: STRATEGY FOR PEST AND SOIL NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT Intensive and improved agricultural practices that boost farmland production have also led to an increase in pests and related problems. Introduction of high yielding varieties and excessive use of fertilizers has led to increased incidences of insect and pest attacks. Till recently, great emphasis was laid on application of chemical pesticides, which initially proved beneficial. But their hidden ill effects became evident only after continuous and indiscriminate use and are summarized below: - Development of resistance in target insects/pests and they are no longer eliminated with recommended doses. - Resurgence of pests, as they are not wiped out and reappear time and again. - Destruction of useful insects that were natural predators of problem-insects due to continuous use of chemical insecticides. - Pollution of soil and water resources resulting in reduced soil productivity. - Deposition of pesticide residues in the environment that ultimately enters the human food chain leading to health hazards in the form of severe disorders, such as, cancer, miscarriage, infertility, birth-defects, kidney problems etc. - Secondary outbreak of pests due to loss of natural enemies. IPM is a broad ecological approach of pest control (insects, diseases, weeds, rodents etc) employing all methods and techniques viz. cultural, mechanical, genetical, regulatory, biological and chemical in a compatible manner to keep pest population below economic threshold level (ETL) and also reduces the residual effects of chemicals on both plants and animals (health hazard). The state will greatly benefit with the implementation of IPM but will require a lot of efforts and support, as at present there is very little or no awareness regarding IPM and various packages of IPM that are already available to farmers in the state. Objectives of IPM approach - Maximize production minimize inputs - Minimize environmental pollution - Manage pests below ETL through bio-control involving release of indigenous natural enemies of pests - Popularize IPM approach in remote areas through sensitizing line departments - Replacement of agricultural chemicals by substituting with biological inputs (bio-fertilizers, FYM, vermin-compost, bio-agents, bio-pesticides etc) Components of IPM Cultural Methods: Cultural methods of pest control consist of regular farm operations so performed, which either destroy the pests or prevent them from causing economic losses. These practices have been used since long for pest control and needs thorough knowledge of crop production, biology and ecology of pests and their natural enemies. The various cultural practices can be grouped under the following heads: - Preparation of nurseries or main fields free from pest infestation e.g. removal of plant debris, trimming of bunds, treating of soil and deep summer ploughing which kill various stages of insects. 48 - Testing of soil deficiencies for micronutrients on the basis of which fertilizers should be applied. - Selection of clean and certified seeds and treating of seeds before sowing for seed borne diseases. - Selection of seeds of relatively pest resistant/tolerant varieties. These resistant/tolerant varieties play a significant role in pest suppression and thus avoid considerable economic losses arising out of pest attack. Many of such crop varieties have been released / are being released. - Crop rotation also plays an important role in pest suppression. - Synchronized sowing and proper plant spacing. - Optimum use of fertilizers at appropriate time. - Proper water management (alternative wetting and drying to avoid water stagnation). - Harvesting as close as to ground level. - Proper weed management. It is well-known fact that the weeds besides competing with crop for micronutrients also harbour many pests. - Educate farmers with the ecology of crops and pests for adjusting of time of sowing and harvesting to escape peak season of pest attack. Explore and use traditional knowledge banks (old farmers) in the villages. Mechanical and physical methods: In this process manual labour is involved where we also take the help of some tools. Various practices involved are grouped as under: - Collection of egg masses, larvae, pupae and adults where possible and either destroy them or place them in cage-cum-bird perches for conservation of natural enemies and withholding of pest species. - Removal and destruction of diseased or pest infested portion of plant parts. - Use of light traps and destruction of trapped pests. - Use of pheromone traps for monitoring and suppression of pest population. Genetical methods: This involves both use of genetically superior crop varieties that are resistant to various pests and also genetical methods are used to increase competition between pest populations. For example, male inspects of a particular species are sterilized through chemosterilants or radiation in the laboratory and then released in large numbers to compete with fertile males. Regulatory methods: Rules formed by various agencies and Government are implemented under this method. Quarantine rules are enforced strictly disallowing infected materials to be imported and transported to other parts where there is no pest problem. Ban on certain dangerous chemicals is also enforced and regulated. Bio-control methods: Control of insect pests and diseases through biological means is one of the most important components of IPM. In broadest sense, bio-control is use of living organisms to control unwanted living organisms (pests). In other words deliberate use of parasites, predators and pathogens to maintain pest population at a level below those causing economic losses either by introducing a new species into the environment or by increasing the effectiveness of those already present. The different types of biocontrol practices are grouped as under: 49 Introduction: In this process a new species of bio-agent is introduced to a locality for its establishment against its host. Introduction is made only after laboratory examination and field trials for its efficiency. Augmentation: In this process the population of natural enemies already present in an area is increased by releasing either laboratory reared or field collected bio-agents of same species in such number as would require to suppress the population in that area. Conservation: This is the most important component of biological control and plays a major role in pest suppression. In this process natural enemies already present in the nature are protected from being killed. The different practices required to protect the natural enemies are listed below: - Collection of egg masses and placing them in bamboo cage-cum-bird perches for allowing emergence of parasites and withholding of pest larvae. - Educating farmers through field days, radios & T.V. to differentiate pests and defenders and sparing the defenders during field spray. - Chemical spray should be adopted as last resort and that too after observing pest defender ratios and economic threshold level (ETL). - Use of broad spectrum pesticides should be avoided. - Use of selective and relatively environmental friendly (REF) pesticides. - Strip or spot application of pesticides. - Growing trap crop on the borders of main fields before the actual sowing of crop to trap pest and develop natural enemies. - Augmentation of crop defenders by release of egg and larval parasites and predators - Root dip/seedling treatment for gall midge prone area. - Crop rotation and inter-cropping also help in conservation of defenders. - User recommended dose and concentration of pesticides. Chemical methods: Use of chemical pesticides is the last resort when other methods fail to keep the pest population below economic threshold level (ETL). Although there is advancement in pest management research, pesticides would continue to play an important role in crop protection. Therefore, use of pesticides should be judicious, based on pest surveillance and ETL to minimize not only the cost but also reduce the associated problems. While going for chemical control the following points must be strictly followed: - Economic threshold level should be observed. - Selection of relatively environmental friendly pesticides. - Ensure that farmers are sensitized to the use and safe disposal of insecticides, fertilizers etc and that these harmful chemicals are not used beyond their expiry. - If the pest is present in strips or in isolated patches, whole field should not be sprayed. - Pest and defender ratio must be observed. If ratio is 1:1, there is no need of pesticide spray. 50 Flow Diagram of Problems, IPM Approach and Expected Outcomes Farm Sector Pre-Requisites Of Components Of IPM Expected Problems New Approach Approach Outcomes High fertilizer use Technically sound Cultural Increased High insecticide, Economically o Farming productivity pesticide, viable techniques Improved soil weedicide use Environmentally o Nursery conditions Reduced soil safe techniques Better productivity Locally available Mechanical incomes Decreasing farm Easy to use o Physical Safer and yields removal of plant cleaner Resistance in hosts environment pests to chemicals o Removal of Informed Secondary insects' eggs, larvae farmers outbreaks Genetical Wipeout of o Use of resistant friendly insects varieties Pollution of Regulatory natural o Discontinue use environment of banned chemicals Biological o Use of natural enemies of pests o Switching to biological inputs ­ bio-fertilizers, FYM, bio-pesticides Chemical o Use of environment friendly chemicals 51 IPM and livestock Pest of domestic animals predisposes animals to diseases, cause anemia (from blood loss), reduce weight gain, reduce feed efficiency and transport several important animal diseases. Pest control is, therefore, necessary but when control involves use of pesticides caution must be exercised to prevent contaminating humans and their food supply and environment. Insecticides should be considered only as supplement and not replacement. IPM is a system approach that combines a wide array of livestock production practices with careful monitoring of pests and their natural enemies. Risks that necessitates IPM in livestock sector - Accidental ingestion of pesticides, suicide attempts or malicious poisoning - Consumption of freshly-sprayed crop by animal - Consumption of dairy products from intoxicated animals - Secondary poisoning in predators ­ fish, dogs, rats, birds etc Basic strategy for introducing IPM for livestock is similar to that of IPM for agricultural and horticultural practices. Following steps could facilitate introduction of IPM concept in livestock management: Awareness: - To keep livestock under hygienic conditions - About banned pesticides - Safe use of pesticides and safe disposal of empty containers - Priority for control of pests through biological, mechanical/eco-friendly measures - Chemical pesticides should be the last resort - Implementation in coordination with extension workers from agriculture, horticulture and IPM Pest Surveillance As part of IPM strategy, pest surveillance should be undertaken. Though, not a method of pest control, pest surveillance is a pre-requisite in adoption of IPM practices. Pest surveillance is an effective tool as an information system, which renders all pest control methods more effective. It aims at monitoring and forewarning of likely build up of pests in order to facilitate planning and adoption of suitable control strategy based on ETL. In other words pest surveillance acts as a guiding principle in determining the areas and time needing the pest control. 52 Strategy for Implementing Integrated Pest Management Activity Years Action Points 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Training of Agri/Hort/AH Train at ........................... staff (project and line department) in IPM The trained personnel will act as in-house training team Training of Facilitators/ Will be useful for inclusion and orientation of Paravets in IPM women stakeholders in IPM approaches, as they are the main agricultural workers and attend to livestock needs Developing relevant Should be in local language and appealing visually. literature and pamphlets for Distribute these during awareness camps. Involve distribution with list of Panchayats in enforcing the Insecticide Act, banned chemicals (update Obnoxious Weeds and Pests Act etc lists as required) Farmer and livestock Organize awareness camps in villages on latest owners awareness building technology in production, organic farming, IPM concept, safe use and disposal of insecticides/pesticides, fumigation of shelters, identification and distinction between predators and pests. Aware livestock owners for keeping animals in hygienic conditions Identification of potential Following mass-awareness buildup identify farmers stakeholders and livestock owners that have potential to take up & sustain IPM Provide technical inputs Provide inputs in form of bio-pesticides, bio- and support to identified weedicides, bio-fungicides, bio-fertilizers, bio- farmers and later use them control agents (predators) etc as models for replication by other interested farmers Develop and distribute Emphasize avoiding use of broad-spectrum guidelines on safe use of pesticides, chemicals that wipe out useful insects pesticides/insecticides etc. Use recommended dose and concentration of pesticides. Do not support sale and use of banned fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides etc. Organize lectures and Use Gram Sabhas and Gram Panchayat meetings to presentations give visually aided presentation Soil testing Test for micronutrients deficiencies. Provide a list of soil testing laboratories to farmers/Panchayats and facilitate the process of getting samples tested. Encourage government-sponsored laboratories to visit the fields and collect samples. Conduct bench-mark Assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of survey and prepare farmers and identify major pests responsible for low checklist of yield pests/pathogens Developing linkages with Organize at least one linkage workshop every year. line departments for This would be critical to sustain IPM approaches organizing farmers training beyond the project period. and continued assistance in adopting IPM Training of farmers in Training in improved farm practices, use of bio- .................. institutes fertilizers, switching to bio-manures, vermin- composting etc Tie-up for supply of vermi- Will be required for farmers to immediately switch compost over to bio-fertilizers, as absence may diminish interest Integrated Environmental and Social Assessment for MACP Maharashtra ­ Final Report Activity Years Action Points 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Legume plantations in farm Link with other arable land development bunds and fields, programmes. Plantations be raised simultaneously promoting use of mulch, with vermi-compost units so that increase in setting up of vermi- productivity can be seen in fields. Long-term compost units availability of vermi-compost is needed to sustain IPM Encourage stall feeding and Restrict free grazing to avoid exposing animal to proper stall maintenance other pests and pathogens that may be free-roaming. (including fumigation) Use dung and other wastes for FYM/vermi- composting, ensure proper drainage and hygiene Set up demonstration plots Set up demonstration plots once farmer awareness and training has initiated and after setting up of vermin-compost units. This will reduce delays in adopting IPM and will lead to quick results encouraging others to follow suit Introduce and provide Available IPM packages be provided to farmers for readily available IPM immediate adoption. State agricultural training packages authority ­ ATMA has a ready IPM package which can be adopted. Provide, as required, Use existing provisions of line departments or state available bio-control agents bio-control labs for this purpose. Introduce organic farming Organize training and exposure visits, supply bio- fertilizer mini-kits etc and identify and select at least two bio villages for demonstrating organic farming Document progress Record changes in inputs and outputs and develop economic gains table for popularizing it among farming community 54 Integrated Environmental and Social Assessment for MACP Maharashtra ­ Final Report Milestones Activity Milestones Awareness building Cover at least 30% farmers in first year from project start Cover the remaining by the end of second year Identification of Identify at least three farmers in each village (which have been selected under potential farmers the project) within 15 days of awareness building for training and taking up IPM as demonstration Training Staff and line department training completed in 1st and 2nd year Farmer training completed within three months of identifying potential farmers Training for other interested farmers completed within one year after awareness building IPM coverage Provide IPM package to trained farmer within 30 days of training 10% farmers within project area be covered every year 50% farmers to be covered by fifth year Use of Bio- At least 10% reduction in use of chemical fertilizers achieved every year fertilizers/bio- At least 10% reduction in use of chemical pesticides achieved every year pesticides 25% reduction achieved in use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides after 5 years Monitoring and Formation of joint monitoring team (staff and community) within one year from evaluation project start Monitoring schedule for each quarter prepared and implemented Monitoring reports be prepared for each monitoring visit and compiled annually to show progress Process documentation Annual progress reports on IPM status prepared giving coverage, replication and sustainability Knowledge, practice and coverage change documented 55 Integrated Environmental and Social Assessment for MACP Maharashtra ­ Final Report Constraints/Risks in IPM Implementation and Mitigation Strategy Constraint/Risks Mitigation Availability of selective pesticides, Make available selective bio-pesticides to effective against crop pests but not farmers, as per their requirements. against natural enemies of pests, is a problem. One of the basic points of IPM is ETL, Support research programmes to work which have not been worked out for all out ETL for various pests within different the pests and combination of pests for project districts and areas and use this different varieties and regions. information to implement chemical pesticides, insecticides etc. Potential of bio-control agents has not Do not introduce bio-control agents that been evaluated fully for many agents. have not been worked out in detail and are still in study stage. Use only ready to release and duly approved bio-control agents. Techniques of mass rearing of several Ensure timely breeding and supply of bio-agents are still not well developed. predators to farmers; improve linkages with relevant line departments and other institutions. Farmers, by and large, are not well Ensure that demonstrations are alongside educated and have different socio-cultural awareness building and that there is no environment, which is also a constraint in gap between demonstration and supply of introducing a new technology. new technology, lest people will loose interest. 56 Integrated Environmental and Social Assessment for MACP Maharashtra ­ Final Report Strategy for Soil and Nutrient Management Maintaining and Improving Soil Structure Compaction of topsoil due to farm mechanization or any other reason results in reduced soil productivity. Efforts would be required to minimize soil compaction by regularly educating the farmers and holding farmer camps. Good soil management practices, as listed below should be shared with the farmers for adoption: No tillage or zero tillage technique to be used for ploughing or sub-soiling; ICAR guidelines should be followed for this. Prevent livestock grazing on farm when soils are wet to prevent damage to soil structure. Encourage regular cultivation on free-draining soils. Preventing soil erosion Soil erosion also leads to reduced land productivity and could takes place due to changes in cropping pattern and management, farm mechanization, overgrazing by livestock and rainfall. Farmer education and awareness building would be required to prevent and/or minimize soil erosion by holding farmer camps. Some of the soil erosion control measures that could be adopted by farmers include: Maintaining organic matter: Organic matter and microorganisms acts as cement in binding small soil particles into aggregates. Good amount of soil organic matter has larger soil aggregates that resist erosion. Maintaining of crop residue cover: Crop residue cover on uncultivated fields helps prevent erosion and also adds to soil productivity. It prevents direct soil erosion due to rain action and also retards flow velocity of runoff, which again reduces incidences of erosion and allows soils to absorb more water. Reduce tillage: Reduced and minimum tillage systems leave a good soil residue cover to prevent erosion and conserve soil moisture. Grass waterways: Gully erosion could be controlled by grassing of the waterways. Selecting fertilizers appropriately and applying optimally Excess application of fertilizers also results in loss of soil productivity. Timing, technique, dose and type of fertilizer are very critical in getting best results and maintaining soil nutrient profile. Farmer education through local language brochures, farmer camps etc would be required to ensure proper use of fertilizers. Farmers should be encouraged to adopt good practices some of which are listed below: Nutrient deficiency signs on growing crops should be carefully observed for finalizing the type and dose of fertilizers. Farmers should be encouraged to get the soils tested and analyzed at accredited laboratories to determine the nutrient profile and therefore type and dose of fertilizers. 57 Integrated Environmental and Social Assessment for MACP Maharashtra ­ Final Report Farmers should be encouraged to learn about different fertilizer application techniques, like broadcasting, row/band placement, top dressing, side dressing, foliar application etc and then choose the most relevant technique. Farmers should be encouraged to use bio-fertilizers, vermin-compost and farm yard manure. To maintain natural productivity, green manure crops could be grown during fallow season. 58 Integrated Environmental and Social Assessment for MACP Maharashtra ­ Final Report 59 Integrated Environmental and Social Assessment for MACP Maharashtra ­ Final Report APPENDIX N: MAHARASHTRA PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS RESETTLEMENT ACT, 2001 60