                       ‫�?ﻟﺒﻨﻚ �?ﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬
‫�?ﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ �?ﳌﺼﺎﺣ�? ﻟﻠﺸﺮ�?ﻛﺔ �?ﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ )‪(GWPAP‬‬




                                                                                                                                    ‫‪30101‬‬
                        ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬  ‫�?ﳌﺴﺘﺪ�?ﻣﺔ‬
                                ‫‪Sustainable‬‬       ‫�?ﻹﺩ�?ﺭﺓ‬
                                            ‫‪Groundwater‬‬ ‫‪Management:‬‬
                        ‫‪ Concepts and Tools‬�?ﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻭ�?ﻷﺩﻭ�?ﺕ‬

                                                     ‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ �?ﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﻤﻮﺟﺰﺓ �?ﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮﺓ ‪11‬‬


                                          ‫�?ﺳﺘﺨﺪ�?ﻡ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻴﺮ �?ﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‬
                                                    ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﻣﺴﺘﺪ�?ﻡ �?ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻹﺩ�?ﺭﺓ �?ﻟﻤﻮﺭﺩ‬
                                                                                 ‫‪2006-2002‬‬

                                                                   ‫�?ﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻮﻥ )‪(GW•MATE Core Group‬‬
                                            ‫‪Stephen Foster1 Marcella Nanni1 Karin Kemper 2 Héctor Garduño Albert Tuinhof‬‬
                                                                ‫)‪( 1lead author 2 main supporting author‬‬
                                                       ‫�?�?ﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﺇﻟﻲ �?ﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺩ‪ /‬ﻛﻤﺎ�? ﻋﻮﺩﺓ �?ﺪﻳﻒ – ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ �?ﻟﺴﻮﻳﺲ – ﻣﺼﺮ“‬


                                                        ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻮ�?ﺭﺩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻴﺮ �?ﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ؟‬
                  ‫�? ﻣﻮ�?ﺭﺩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ �?ﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﹰ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ �?ﻟﻤﺪﺓ �?ﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺘ�?ﺬﻳﺔ )ﻣﺌﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
                  ‫�?ﻻﻑ �?ﻟﺴﻨﻴﻦ( ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﺟﺪ�? ﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻺﻃﺎﺭ �?ﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ �?ﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺎ�? �?ﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻣﻮ�?ﺭﺩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎﺹ‬
                  ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ .(1‬ﻟﻬﺬ�? �?ﻟﺴﺒ�? ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮ�? ﻓﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ �?ﻟﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻦ �?ﻻﻧﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻴﺮ �?ﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ �?�?ﺳﺘﺨﺮ�?�?‬
                                                                                                             ‫�?ﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ“‪.‬‬

                                                             ‫�? ﺳﻴﻨﺼ�? �?ﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺩ�?ﺭﺓ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ ﺫ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻴﺮ �?ﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
                                              ‫ﹰ‬   ‫ﹰ‬
                    ‫�? �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻴﺮ �?ﻟﻤﺤﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ �?ﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻬﺎ �?ﻟﺘ�?ﺬﻳﺔ �?ﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺟﺪ�? ﻭﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺫ�?ﺕ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺻ�?ﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ�?ﻟﻤﻮﺭﺩ‬
                                                                                       ‫ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺭ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﹶﹰ ﻋﻠﻲ �?ﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬
                                       ‫ﹶ‬                                 ‫ﹰ‬
                       ‫�? �?�?ﻷﺟﺰ�?ﺀ �?ﻟﻤﺤﺼﻮﺭﺓ“ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﺟﺪ�?‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻥ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺗﹸﻌﻴﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﺚ ﺗ�?ﺬﻳﺔ‬
                                                               ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﺿﺌﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺨﻔﺾ �?ﻟﺴﻄﺢ �?ﻟﺒﻴﺰﻭﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﻊ �?ﻟﺴﺤ�?‪.‬‬
                  ‫ﻦ �?ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺮ�?�? ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ �?ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻷﺣﻔﻮﺭﻳﺔ )ﺃﹶﻭ �?ﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ(“‪ ،‬�?ﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺸﺄﺕ ﻛﺘ�?ﺬﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬       ‫ﻛﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻀﻤ ﹸ‬
                  ‫ﺔ ﺟﺪ�? ﹰ )ﻭﻣﺜﺎ�? ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﺧﻴﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﺇﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻤﺨﺰﻭﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺿﺨﻤ ﹸ‬
                      ‫ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ‪ 150000‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌ�? ﻓﻲ ﺧﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺤﺠﺮ �?ﻟﺮﻣﻠﻲ �?ﻟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻭ ‪ 15000‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌ�? ﻓﻲ ﺣﻮﺽ �?ﻟﺮﺑﻊ �?ﻟﺨﺎﻟﻲ �?ﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ(‪.‬‬

                  ‫�? ﻳﺘﻄﻠ�? �?ﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎ�? ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ �?�?ﻻﺳﺘﺪ�?ﻣﺔ“ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬ�? �?ﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎ ﹰ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻓﹸﺴﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻕ �?ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ )ﺑﺪﻻ ﹰ ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
                  ‫�?ﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻀﻤﻨﺎ ﹰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ �?ﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺇﻟﻰ �?ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ �?ﻟﻌﺎﺟﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﹰ ﺇﻟﻰ �?�?ﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ“ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻟﻰ‬
                                                                ‫ﺳﺆ�?�? �?ﻣﺎﺫ�? ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ“ — ﻭﻫﻜﺬ�? �?ﺳﺘﻬﺪ�?ﻑ �?ﻓﺎﻕ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﺮ�?ﻭﺡ ﻣﻦ ‪ 1000-100‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

                                                   ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻨﺸﺄ �?ﺳﺘ�?ﻼ�? �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻴﺮ �?ﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ؟‬
                                                                ‫�? ﻳﺤﺪﺙ �?ﻻﻧﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻴﺮ �?ﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﹰ ﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﻴﻦ ﺟﺪ�? ﹰ‪:‬‬
                     ‫ﻣﺨﻄﻄﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ �?ﻟﺒﺪ�?ﻳﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺮ�?�? �?ﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺗﻨﻤﻮﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻗﺎﺣﻠﺔ ﺫ�?ﺕ‬           ‫�? ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﹸ‬
                                                                                                  ‫ﺗ�?ﺬﻳﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺿﺌﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬
                      ‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ )ﻋﺸﻮ�?ﺋﻲ( ﻣﻊ �?ﺳﺘﻨﺰ�?ﻑ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﺤ�? �?ﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬             ‫�? ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ �?ﻴﺮ ﹸ‬
                                                ‫ﹶ‬
                    ‫�?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ �?ﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ �?ﻟﺘ�?ﺬﻳﺔ �?ﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ �?ﻴﺮ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﹸﺒﺮﻫﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ �?ﺗﺼﺎ�? ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬
                                                                               ‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗ�?ﺬﻳﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
                  ‫ﺣﻮ�? �?ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺑﻌﺾ �?ﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ �?ﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻟﺔ �?ﻷﻭﻟﻲ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﺻﺤﺮ�?ﺀ ﻛﻠﻬﺎﺭﻱ �?ﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻮﺗﺴﻮ�?ﻧﺎ ﻭ ﺣﻮﺽ �?ﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮ �?ﻟﻠﻴﺒﻲ(‪،‬‬
                  ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻟﺔ �?ﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ )ﻣﺜﻞ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺼﺮ �?ﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺴﻬﻞ �?ﻟﺼﻴﻦ �?ﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ ﺟﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬
                                                                                                                  ‫ﺑﺮ�?ﺟﺴﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﻬﻨﺪ(‪.‬‬


                                                                                       ‫‪1‬‬
                       ‫�?ﻟﺒﻨﻚ �?ﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬
‫�?ﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ �?ﳌﺼﺎﺣ�? ﻟﻠﺸﺮ�?ﻛﺔ �?ﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ )‪(GWPAP‬‬




                                                                    ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ :1‬ﺩﻭﺭﺓ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ �?ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺟﻔﺎﻓﺎ ﹰ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺗﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﺧﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ ﺟﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬

                                                   ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗ�?ﺬﻳﺔ �?ﳋﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻲ‬                        ‫ﻭ�?ﺩ ﺟﺎﻑ‬              ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ �?ﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ �?ﻟﺪ�?ﺋﻢ‬
                                            ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺗ�?ﺬﻳﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺟﺪ�? ﹰ ﻣﻦ‬                 ‫ﺗ�?ﺬﻳﺔ ﻋﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬       ‫ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ �?ﻟ�?ﻄﺎﺀ �?ﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ‬
                                                  ‫�?ﻟﻌﻮ�?ﺻﻒ �?ﳌﻤﻄﺮﺓ �?ﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬                   ‫�?ﻟﺴﻴﻮ�? �?ﻟﻔﺠﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬                ‫�?ﶈ ﹸﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬



                                      ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮ�?‬
                            ‫�?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻘﺪﱘ‬

                               ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮ�? �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬          ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ �?ﻴﺮ ﻣﺸﺒﻌﺔ‬
                               ‫�?ﳊﺎﻟﻲ )ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ‬
                          ‫�?ﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ �?ﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﺥ‬
                                            ‫�?ﳊﺪﻳﺚ(‬
                                                                                                                                                     ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ �?ﳌﻴﺎﻩ �?ﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ‬
                                                                                ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﺸﺒﻌﺔ‬                                                           ‫ﺯﻣﻦ �?ﳌﻜﻮﺙ ﻓﻲ �?ﳋﺰ�?ﻥ‬
                                                                                                                                                          ‫�?ﳉﻮﻓﻲ )ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻨﲔ(‬




                     ‫�?ﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ“ ﻫﻮ �?ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪ�?ﻡ �?ﻟﻤﻨﻈﻢ ﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ )ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻕ ﺑﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬         ‫�? ﻫﺪﻑ �?ﻹﺩ�?ﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ �?ﺳﻴﻨﺎﺭﻳﻮ �?ﻻﺳﺘﻨﺰ�?ﻑ ﹸ‬
                     ‫�?ﻟﻤﺘﻨﺒﺄ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺯﻣﻨﻲ ﻣﺤﺪﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ �?ﺇﺳﺘﺮ�?ﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺧﺮﻭ�?“‬  ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ �?ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ �?ﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﻭ�?ﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ�?ﺕ ﹸ‬
                     ‫ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺖ �?ﻟﻨﻀﻮ�? �?ﻟﺤﺎﺩ ﻟﻠﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‪ .‬ﻫﺬ�? �?ﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎﺭﻳﻮ ﻳﺠ�? ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ �?ﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ�?ﺕ �?ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪ -‬�?ﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﺘﻮ�?ﺯﻧﺔ‬
                     ‫ﺣﻮ�? �?ﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎ�? �?ﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻦ �?ﻟﺘﺤﻮ�? ﺇﻟﻰ �?ﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻻﺣﻖ ﺃﻗﻞ �?ﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ�? ﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ �?ﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ �?ﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
                                          ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ �?ﺇﺳﺘﺮ�?ﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ �?ﻟﺨﺮﻭ�?“ ﻫﻮ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺒﺪﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻧﺼﻒ �?ﻟﻤﺎﻟﺤﺔ‪.‬‬

                                               ‫�?ﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺔ )�?ﻟﻌﺸﻮ�?ﺋﻴﺔ( ﻣﻄﻠﻮ�? ﻭﺿﻊ �?ﺳﻴﻨﺎﺭﻳﻮ ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺪ“ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺪﻑ �?ﻹﺩ�?ﺭﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ‪:‬‬          ‫�? ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ �?ﻴﺮ ﹸ‬
                                                             ‫ﹶ‬                                                ‫ﹶ‬
                                                            ‫�? ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ �?ﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮ�?ﺭ �?ﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ )ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺤﻮ �?ﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ �?ﺳﺘﺮﺩ�?ﺩﻩ( ﻟﻠﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
                             ‫�? �?ﺳﺘﺨﺪ�?ﻡ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎ ﹰ ﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺪﻫﻮﺭ �?ﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻭ�?ﻟﺘﺮﻭﻳﺞ‬
                                                                                      ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻮ�? �?ﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻧﺤﻮ �?ﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺃﻗﻞ �?ﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ�? ﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
                     ‫ﻓﻲ ﻛﻠﺘﺎ �?ﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﻳﺠ�? ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﺾ ﻣﻌﺪ�? ﺳﺤ�? �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬ�? ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺘﻄﻠ�? ﺇﺩﺧﺎ�? ﺇﺟﺮ�?ﺀ�?ﺕ ﻹﺩ�?ﺭﺓ �?ﻟﻄﻠ�?‬
                     ‫)ﻣﺘﻀﻤﻨﺎ ﹰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻡ ﻭ�?ﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺣﻮ�?ﻓﺰ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ �?ﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ(‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ �?ﻟﻤﺪﻯ �?ﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﻳﺠ�? ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ‬
                     ‫ﻗﺼﻮﻯ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪ�?ﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻣﺪ�?ﺩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺮ�? ﻭﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ �?ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪ�?ﻣﺎﺕ �?ﻷﺧﺮﻯ �?ﻷﺩﻧﻰ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮﺓ �?ﻟﻤﻮﺟﺰﺓ‬
                     ‫�?ﻟﻤﻨﻈﻢ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪ�?ﻡ �?ﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ ﻫﻮ �?ﻟﻬﺪﻑ‪ ،‬ﺇﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﺒﺪ�?ﻳﺔ‬     ‫ﻣﻊ ﺇﺩ�?ﺭﺓ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ �?ﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﹸ‬
                                                                 ‫�?ﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ“ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻻﺣﻘﺎ ﹰ ﻓﻲ �?ﺳﻴﻨﺎﺭﻳﻮ �?ﻟﺘﺮﺷﻴﺪ“ ) ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪.(2‬‬  ‫ﻓﻲ �?ﺳﻴﻨﺎﺭﻳﻮ �?ﻻﺳﺘﻨﺰ�?ﻑ ﹸ‬

                            ‫ﻣﺎ �?ﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ �?ﻹﺩ�?ﺭﻳﺔ �?ﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺘﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻴﺮ �?ﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ؟‬
                     ‫�? ﺇﺫ�? ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺩﻧﺎ ﺇﺩ�?ﺭﺓ �?ﺳﺘﺨﺪ�?ﻡ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻴﺮ �?ﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺑﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺠ�? ﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬
                                                                                                  ‫ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
                                                              ‫�? ﺗﻮﻓﺮ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ �?ﻵﺑﺎﺭ �?ﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳ�? ﻟﺴﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻖ ﺯﻣﻨﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬
                     ‫�? ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬ�? �?ﻟﺴﺤ�? ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ �?ﻷﻃﺮ�?ﻑ �?ﻷﺧﺮﻯ )ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﹰ �?ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ �?ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﻴﻦ( ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
                                                                                          ‫ﺃﻳﺔ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺃﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﺫ�?ﺕ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬
                                               ‫�? �?ﻟﺘ�?ﻴﺮ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺧﻼ�? ﻓﺘﺮﺓ �?ﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ �?ﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‪.‬‬

                     ‫�? ﻳﺘﻄﻠ�? ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬ�? �?ﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺩﺭ�?ﺳﺔ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺑﻌﺾ �?ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ �?ﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ )ﺟﺪﻭ�? ‪ .(1‬ﻋﻠﻲ �?ﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ‬
                     ‫ﻣﻮ�?ﺭﺩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ )ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﻣﻮﺟﺰﺓ ‪ (2‬ﻓﺈﻥ �?ﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ �?ﻟﺤﺎﺳﻢ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﺨﺰﻭﻥ ﺗﻠﻚ �?ﻷﺟﺰ�?ﺀ ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ �?ﻟﺘﻲ‬
                     ‫ﺘﻨﺰﻓﺖ( ﺑﻀﺦ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺪ�?ﺧﻞ �?ﻟﻤﻠﺤﻲ‪ .‬ﺇﻥ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬      ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻨﺰﻑ )ﺃﹶﻭ �?ﺳ ﹸ‬
                                                                                                                                         ‫ﺳﹸ‬
                     ‫ﺗﺤﺎﻟﻴﻞ �?ﻟﻨﻈﺎﺋﺮ �?ﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ ﺫﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﹰ ﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺃﺻﻞ ﻧﺸﺄﺓ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻌﺬﺑﺔ ﻭ �?ﻟﻤﻠﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﺰﻭﻥ‬
                                                                                                ‫�?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ ﻭﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺪ�?ﺭ ﺃﻳﺔ ﺗ�?ﺬﻳﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬



                                                                                              ‫‪2‬‬
                       ‫�?ﻟﺒﻨﻚ �?ﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬
‫�?ﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ �?ﳌﺼﺎﺣ�? ﻟﻠﺸﺮ�?ﻛﺔ �?ﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ )‪(GWPAP‬‬




                                                                                                                    ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺃﻫﺪ�?ﻑ ﺇﺩ�?ﺭﺓ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ �?ﺳﻴﻨﺎﺭﻳﻮﻫﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺘﺮﺷﻴﺪ“ �?ﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻻﺳﺘ�?ﻼ�? ﹸ‬
                                                                                                         ‫ﻣﻔﺮ�? ﻭﻋﺸﻮ�?ﺋﻲ‬
                                          ‫‪ǠźǞ�?ȚȴȚǎƒƾŮȔƾƓȚțǞƉƶžǓŴǞƄž‬‬




                                                                                                                                                                    ‫‪ǠƆ�?ȤǋůǜƉƎ‬‬



                                                                                                                                                                     ‫‪ȳƾŸȤȚ�?ƲƄŴȚ‬‬
                                                                                                  ‫‪ȵƾƸƓȚȢȤȚǞžǛƸƸƲů‬‬
                                                                                             ‫‪ȜȤȚȢ�?Ț�?ȚȤƾƸųȶǀƸźǞ�?Ț‬‬




                                                                                                                      ‫‪ǜžǎŽȚ‬‬                                         ‫‪ǛƮƶžȯȚǎƶƄŴȚ‬‬
                                                                          ‫‪ǛƮƶž�?ƸŹȟȚ�?ƈƄŴȚ‬‬                                     ‫‪ǀƸźǞ�?ȚȵƾƸƓȚȜȤȚȢ�?ǋƸŵ�?ƄŽȚǞ�?ȤƾƶƸŴ‬‬

                                                                            ‫‪Ǖ�?�?ŴȯȚǎƶƄŴȚ‬‬                                     ‫‪�?źǞůȶǀƸŽƾƑȚǀ�?ǌưƄŽȚ�?ǽǋƯžǀź�?ƯžǕž‬‬
                                                                           ‫‪ȲǞƷƆžȤƾƉžǕž‬‬                                                ‫‪ǀƸźǞ�?ȚȵƾƸƓȚȴȶǎƈž‬‬




                    ‫�? ﺳﻴﺨﻀﻊ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ �?ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﹰ ﻟﺸﻚ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﺒﺪ�?ﻳﺔ ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪ�?ﻡ �?ﻗﻴﻢ �?ﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ�?ﺕ ﻷﺳﻮﺃ �?ﻷﺣﻮ�?�?“ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬
                    ‫�?ﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ ﻛﺄﺳﺎﺱ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ‪ .‬ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ �?ﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺺ �?ﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﺳﻴﺰﺩ�?ﺩ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ�? ﹰ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺮ�?ﻗﺒﺔ‬
                    ‫ﻟﺒﻀﻊ ﺳﻨﻴﻦ ﻋﻦ �?ﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ ﻟﺴﺤ�? ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬ�? ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺮ�?ﻗﺒﺔ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺸ�?ﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
                                                                                                                ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻳﻌﺪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺎ ﹰ ﺟﺪ�? ﹰ‪.‬‬

                    ‫ﺨﻄﻂ“ ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ�?ﺕ �?ﻻﺳﺘ�?ﻼ�? �?ﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﹸﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ‬         ‫�? ﻓﻲ �?ﺳﻴﻨﺎﺭﻳﻮ �?ﻻﺳﺘﻨﺰ�?ﻑ ﹸ‬
                                                                                                              ‫�?ﻟﻤ ﹼ‬
                    ‫ﻳﺠ�? ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬
                                  ‫ﹸ‬    ‫�?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺷﻜﺎ�? �?ﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﺹ �?ﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻭ �?ﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ‪ .‬�?ﻟﻤﻔﻬﻮﻡ �?ﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬
                    ‫ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ �?ﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺮ�?�? ﺑﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﺯ�?ﻟﺖ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬
                    ‫ﺘﻌﻴﻞ �?ﻟﻨﺸﺎ�? �?ﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ )ﻭﻟﻮ ﺑﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ(‪ .‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻱ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﻟ�?ﺎﻳﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ‬         ‫�?ﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘ�?ﻼ�? ﹸ‬
                                                                                                     ‫�?ﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻟ ﹸ‬                  ‫�?ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﹸ‬
                    ‫�?ﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮ�? ﻓﺘﺮﺓ �?ﻻﺳﺘ�?ﻼ�? �?ﻟﻤﻘﺮﺭﺓ )ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬     ‫ﹸ‬   ‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘ�?ﻼ�?‬     ‫“‬‫ﺼﻤﻢ‬ ‫�?ﻟﻤ‬
                                                                                                                         ‫ﹸ‬  ‫�?ﻟﻬﺒﻮ�?‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﺪ �?‬
                                                                                                                            ‫ﹰ‬
                                                                                                               ‫�?ﻟﻤﺜﺎ�?‪ 20 ،‬ﻣﺘﺮ�? ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ 20‬ﺳﻨﺔ(‪.‬‬

                    ‫�? ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﹰ )ﺟﺪﻭ�? ‪ (1‬ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﻛﹸﻞ �?ﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ �?ﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﹶﻭ �?ﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ �?ﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﹶﻭ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ‪،‬‬
                                         ‫�?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ �?ﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﻨﺒﺆ�?ﺕ ﻋﻦ �?ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ �?ﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺪ�?ﺧﻞ �?ﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﹸ‬
                    ‫�?ﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﻥ‬
                                                                                           ‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﺸﻚ ﺣﻮ�? ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ �?ﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻟﺴﺒﺒﻴﻦ‪:‬‬
                           ‫�? ﻋﺪﻡ �?ﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ �?ﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﻬﺒﻮ�? �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ �?ﻟﺴﺤ�?‬
                                                                                                                             ‫�?ﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ‬
                                                                                                                                   ‫ﹸ‬
                                                  ‫�?ﻟﻤﻌﻄﻰ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﻬﺒﻮ�?‪.‬‬  ‫�? ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ �?ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ �?ﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﹸ‬
                    ‫ﻳﺠ�? ﺇﺩﺭ�?ﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ �?ﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ �?ﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﹸﻌﺎ�? )ﺣﺘﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ( ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ�? �?ﻟﺘﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎﺕ‬
                    ‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﹰ ﺗﹸﻨﺠﺰ ﺑﻮ�?ﺳﻄﺔ �?ﻟﺮﻱ �?ﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﹶﻭ ﺗ�?ﺬﻳﺔ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﺬ�? �?ﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﻮ�?ﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﺪﻯ‬
                                                                                                    ‫�?ﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ‪.‬‬‫ﻗﺒﻮ�? ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﹸ‬




                                                                                                                                          ‫‪3‬‬
                       ‫�?ﻟﺒﻨﻚ �?ﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬
‫�?ﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ �?ﳌﺼﺎﺣ�? ﻟﻠﺸﺮ�?ﻛﺔ �?ﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ )‪(GWPAP‬‬




                                                 ‫ﺟﺪﻭ�? ‪ :1‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺗﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻌﻮ�?ﻣﻞ ﻭﺗﺪ�?ﺑﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﻺﺩ�?ﺭﺓ �?ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺪ�?ﻣﺔ �?ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺎ ﻟﻤﻮ�?ﺭﺩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻴﺮ �?ﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‬


                                               ‫�?ﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎﺭﻳﻮ ﹸ‬
                                            ‫�?ﻟﻤﻌﻄﻰ‬                                                                                              ‫ﻋﻮ�?ﻣﻞ ﻭﺗﺪ�?ﺑﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬
                                   ‫ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺪ‬                      ‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ‬  ‫�?ﺳﺘﻨﺰ�?ﻑ ﹸ‬
                                                                                                                               ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬
                                     ‫�?�?�?‬                                ‫�?�?‬                                   ‫• ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺪ�?ﺭ �?ﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺰﻭﻥ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬
                                        ‫�?�?‬                                ‫�?‬                                                 ‫• ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ �?ﻟﺘ�?ﺬﻳﺔ �?ﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
                                     ‫�?�?�?‬                             ‫�?�?�?‬                                      ‫• �?ﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﺎﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ �?ﻟﺘ�?ﻴﺮ�?ﺕ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣﺔ‪/‬�?ﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
                                           ‫�?‬                         ‫�?�?�?‬                              ‫• ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ�?ﺕ �?ﻻﺳﺘﻨﺰ�?ﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ �?ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ �?ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﻴﻦ‬
                                           ‫�?‬                         ‫�?�?�?‬                                    ‫• �?ﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﻨﺰ�?ﻑ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬
                                                                                                                                      ‫ﺇﺳﺘﺮ�?ﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺇﺩ�?ﺭﺓ �?ﻟﻤﻮﺭﺩ‬
                                        ‫�?�?‬                           ‫�?�?�?‬                                                    ‫• ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ �?ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ‪ -‬�?ﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
                                     ‫�?�?�?‬                                ‫�?�?‬                                    ‫• ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪ�?ﻡ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬
                                     ‫�?�?�?‬                             ‫�?�?�?‬                                          ‫• ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ �?ﺇﺳﺘﺮ�?ﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺧﺮﻭ�?“ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ �?ﻟﻨﻀﻮ�?‬
                                                                                                                                          ‫�?ﻟﺘﺪ�?ﺑﻴﺮ �?ﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﻴﺔ‬
                                           ‫�?‬                         ‫�?�?�?‬                                               ‫• �?ﺗﺨﺎﺫ �?ﻟﻘﺮ�?ﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ‬
                                     ‫�?�?�?‬                             ‫�?�?�?‬                                      ‫• ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬
                                     ‫�?�?�?‬                             ‫�?�?�?‬                                                     ‫• ﺷﻦ ﺣﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻜﺜﻔﺔ‬
                                     ‫�?�?�?‬                                ‫�?�?‬                                       ‫• ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ‪ AMOR‬ﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ�? �?ﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬
                                        ‫�?�?‬                           ‫�?�?�?‬                                                 ‫• ﺇﺻﺪ�?ﺭ ﺗﺮ�?ﺧﻴﺺ ﺳﺤ�? ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ �?ﻟﻤﺪﺓ‬
                                        ‫�?�?‬                              ‫�?�?‬                                                 ‫• ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻫﺪ�?ﻑ ﺇﺩ�?ﺭﺓ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬
                                     ‫�?�?�?‬                             ‫�?�?�?‬                                        ‫• ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﺮ�?ﻗﺒﺔ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﻨﻚ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

                                                                           ‫*ﺑﻌﺾ �?ﻟﻌﻮ�?ﻣﻞ ‪/‬�?ﻟﺘﺪ�?ﺑﻴﺮ ﺭﺑﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬ�? �?ﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎﺭﻳﻮ ﻷﻥ �?ﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮ�?ﺕ ﻭﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬




                              ‫ﻣﺎ �?ﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ�?ﺕ �?ﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ـ �?ﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ �?ﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺈﺩ�?ﺭﺓ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻴﺮ �?ﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ؟‬
                  ‫�? �?ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ �?ﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ‪ -‬�?ﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ �?ﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ�?ﺕ �?ﺳﺘﺨﺮ�?�? �?ﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ ﻭﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ�?ﺗﻬﺎ ﺳﻴﻌﺪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﹰ ﺷﺮﻃﺎ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎ‬
                                                                                            ‫)ﺟﺪﻭ�? ‪ (1‬ﻣﺘﻀﻤﻨﺎ ﹰ ﺫﻟﻚ �?ﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
                                                     ‫�? �?ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪ�?ﻣﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ �?ﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ )ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ( ﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬
                                                                                             ‫�? ﻗﻴﻤﺔ �?ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪ�?ﻡ )�?ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪ�?ﻣﺎﺕ( ﹸ‬
                          ‫�?ﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ �?ﻷﺻﻠﻲ )ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﻣﻮﺟﺰﺓ ‪(7‬‬
                    ‫�? �?ﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺳﺆ�?�? �?ﻣﺎﺫ�? ﺳﻴﺤﺪﺙ ﺑﻌﺪ“ )�?ﺳﺘﻨﺰ�?ﻑ �?ﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ( ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬ�? ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻭ�?ﺳﻊ ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﻭﺣﺴﺎ�? ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ )ﻓﻲ‬
                                                                              ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ �?ﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ( �?ﺇﺳﺘﺮ�?ﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ �?ﻟﺨﺮﻭ�?“ �?ﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

                  ‫�? ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﻗﺼﻰ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ �?ﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬ�? ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ �?ﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎ�? �?ﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻹﻣﺪ�?ﺩ�?ﺕ‬
                  ‫�?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ�?ﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭ�?ﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ �?ﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ �?ﻟﺮﻱ �?ﻟﺰﺭ�?ﻋﻲ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺘﻄﻠ�? ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻘﺒﻮ�? ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ‬
                       ‫�?ﻟﺴﺤ�? ﻛﺤﺠﺮ ﺯ�?ﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ﺳﻮ�?ﺀ ﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻡ ﻭ�?ﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻔﺮﺽ �?ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ �?ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ �?ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪ�?ﻣﺎﺕ �?ﻴﺮ �?ﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻭ�?ﻴﺮ �?ﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‪.‬‬

                  ‫�? ﺣﻤﻼﺕ �?ﻟﺘﻮﻋﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺣﻮ�? ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻴﺮ �?ﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺨﻠﻖ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ �?ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻋﺜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
                  ‫ﺇﺩ�?ﺭﺓ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻀﻤﻨﺎ ﹰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺎ ﹰ �?ﻻﺷﺘﺮ�?ﻙ �?ﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬ�? �?ﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﻳﺠ�? ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
                                      ‫�?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ )�?ﻟﹸﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﻮﻕ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ( ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ�? �?ﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻭ�?ﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ �?ﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

                    ‫�? ﻳﺠ�? ﺃﻥ ﺗﹸﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮ�?ﺭﺩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻴﺮ �?ﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﺰﻭﻥ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ ﻛﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ )ﺃﹶﻭ ﺑﺪﻻ ﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ(‪.‬‬
                    ‫�?ﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﹰ �?ﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ �?ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ �?ﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻲ �?ﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺠ�? ﺃﻥ ﻳﺤﺎ�? ﺇﻟﻴﻪ �?ﻟﻘﺮ�?ﺭ ﺣﻮ�? �?ﺳﺘﺨﺮ�?�? �?ﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ‬     ‫ﻣﻦ ﹸ‬
                    ‫�?ﻟﺒﻠﺪ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻭﺯ�?ﺭﺓ ﻣﻮ�?ﺭﺩ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻴﺮ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ �?ﻟﻘﺮ�?ﺭ ﻳﹸﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﻟﻠﻮﺯﻳﺮ �?ﻟﻤﺨﺘﺺ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ �?ﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ‬
                  ‫�?ﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﹸﺘﺨﺬ �?ﻟﻘﺮ�?ﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ �?ﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ �?ﻟﻮﺯﺭ�?ﺀ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻣﻜﺘ�? ﺣﺎﻛﻢ �?ﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ )ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﹰ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﻯ �?ﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ( ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻴﻨﺎ ﹰ‬
                    ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺼﻴﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ �?ﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﹰ �?�?ﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ �?ﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ“ �?ﻟﺨﻄﺔ �?ﻟﺘﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﺨﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ‬
                                                            ‫�?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ“‪ ،‬�?ﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﺖ �?ﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻨﺰ�?ﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﺸﻮ�?ﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮ�?ﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺸﺪﺓ‪.‬‬

                                                                                          ‫‪4‬‬
                       ‫�?ﻟﺒﻨﻚ �?ﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬
‫�?ﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ �?ﳌﺼﺎﺣ�? ﻟﻠﺸﺮ�?ﻛﺔ �?ﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ )‪(GWPAP‬‬




                     ‫ﻣﺎ �?ﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎﺕ �?ﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ �?ﻧﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺴﺘﺪ�?ﻡ �?ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻴﺮ �?ﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ؟‬
                     ‫�?ﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺗﹸﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﻛﹸﻞ ﺃﻋﻤﺎ�? ﺇﺩ�?ﺭﺓ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ�?ﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫�? ﺇﻥ �?ﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴ�? �?ﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﻲ ﹸ‬
                     ‫�?ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ �?ﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﻼﺋﻢ ﻟﻠﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ �?ﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ )ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﻣﻮﺟﺰﺓ ‪ .(4‬ﺇﺫ�? ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬ�? �?ﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻳﺠ�? ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﺷﺮ�?ﻙ ﻛﹸﻞ‬
                     ‫�?ﻟﻮﺯ�?ﺭ�?ﺕ ﻭ�?ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻻﺕ �?ﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻭ�?ﻹﺩ�?ﺭﺓ �?ﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ�? ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻛﻠﺘﺎ �?ﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
                                                                                        ‫ﺇﺩ�?ﺭﺓ ﻣﻮ�?ﺭﺩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻳﺠ�? ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
                          ‫�? ﺃﻥ ﺗﹸﻌﻠﻦ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ �?ﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺨﻀﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﹶﻭ ﺳﻴﺨﻀﻊ‪ ،‬ﻻﺳﺘﻨﺰ�?ﻑ ﻣﻮ�?ﺭﺩ �?ﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ �?ﻛﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺤﻤﻴﺔ“ ﺧﺎﺿﻌﺔ‬
                                                                                           ‫ﻟﺒﺮ�?ﻣﺞ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻹﺩ�?ﺭﺓ �?ﻟﻄﻠ�? )ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﻣﻮﺟﺰﺓ ‪(3‬‬
                           ‫�? ﺃﻥ ﺗﹸﺆﺳﺲ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺖ �?ﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ �?ﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻲ �?ﻟﻤﺨﺘﺺ )ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ �?ﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ �?ﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﺇﺩ�?ﺭﺓ �?ﻟﻤﻮﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ‬
                                                                                                             ‫�?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ �?ﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ‪.‬‬

                     ‫�? ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ �?ﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ �?ﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ �?ﻟﻨﺎﺟﺢ ﻹﺟﺮ�?ﺀ�?ﺕ �?ﻹﺩ�?ﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬
                     ‫ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ�? ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺇﺩ�?ﺭﺓ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ )‪ ،(AMOR‬�?ﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠ�? ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﻤﺜﻠﻴﻦ ﻟﻜﹸﻞ �?ﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬
                     ‫�?ﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ �?ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺟ�?ﺮ�?ﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ �?ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻻﺕ �?ﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ�?ﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ �?ﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎ�? �?ﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬
                                                                                                              ‫�?ﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ )ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﻣﻮﺟﺰﺓ ‪.(6‬‬

                     ‫�? ﻟﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻊ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﺑﻤﻔﺮﺩﻩ )ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﻣﻮﺟﺰﺓ ‪ (4‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﹸﻮﻓﺮ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﹰ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺇﺩ�?ﺭﺓ �?ﻟﻤﻮ�?ﺭﺩ �?ﻴﺮ‬
                     ‫�?ﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﻟﺬ�? ﻳﺠ�? �?ﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺗﺪ�?ﺑﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﺣﻴﺎ�? �?ﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ�? ﺇﺻﺪ�?ﺭ �?ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺎﻋﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ‬
                     ‫�?ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺃﹶﻥ ﺗﹸﺪﻋﻢ ﺑﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺇﺩ�?ﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﹰ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻻ ﻳﹸﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﻌﺰ�? ﻋﻦ �?ﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﻓﻲ‬
                     ‫�?ﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ �?ﻷﺧﺮﻯ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ �?ﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎ�? �?ﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺀ �?ﻷﺷ�?ﺎ�? �?ﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬�?ﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ �?ﻟﺰﺭ�?ﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬�?ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ �?ﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬�?ﻟﺦ‪ ،(.‬�?ﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﹸﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
                                                                                                          ‫ﺗﹸﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮ�?ﺭﺩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

                     ‫�? ﻳﺠ�? ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﻗﺼﻮﻯ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ ﺳﺤ�? �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ) �?ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﺎﺭﻳﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭ �?ﻟﺮﹸﺧﺺ ﺃﹶﻭ �?ﻻﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ�?ﺕ( )ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ‬
                     ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺰﺓ ‪ .(5‬ﻳﺠ�? ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻮ�?ﻓﻖ ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ ﻣﻊ �?ﻟﻮ�?ﻗﻊ �?ﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻣﻦ �?ﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﻴ�? �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺎﺕ‬
                     ‫�?ﻵﺑﺎﺭ �?ﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﻓﻌﻼ ﹰ ﻭ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺪﻫﻮﺭ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺳﻴﺘﻄﻠ�? ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ �?ﻟﺘﺼﺎﺭﻳﺢ )ﻟﻤﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺳﺤ�? ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ‬
                     ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻮ�?ﻗﻊ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ( ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ �?ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻲ �?ﻟﻤﺪﻯ �?ﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﹰ ﺧﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮ�?ﺟﻌﺔ �?ﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭ�?ﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ 10-5‬ﺳﻨﻮ�?ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
                     ‫�?ﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ �?ﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﺣﻮ�? �?ﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﺤ�? ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ�? �?ﻟﻤﺮ�?ﻗﺒﺔ �?ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺤﻞ ﻗﻮ�?ﻋﺪ‬
                     ‫�?ﻟﻤﺼﺎ�?ﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬   ‫�?ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪ�?ﻡ �?ﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ‪ AMORs‬ﺷﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﻭ�?ﻟﻤﺨﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻼﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﺼﺎﺭﻳﺢ �?ﻟﺴﺤ�? ﹸ‬
                                                                                                                                          ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪.‬‬

                     ‫�? ﻻ ﻳﹸﻤﻜﻦ �?ﻟﻤﺰ�?ﻳﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ �?ﻟﻤﺮ�?ﻗﺒﺔ �?ﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﺤ�? ﻭ �?ﺳﺘﺨﺪ�?ﻡ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ �?ﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ )ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴ�? ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
                     ‫�?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ( ﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬ�? �?ﻟﺴﺤ�? )ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﻣﻮﺟﺰﺓ ‪ .(9‬ﻳﺠ�? ﺃﻥ ﺗﹸﺠﺮﻯ ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﻟﻤﺮ�?ﻗﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﺩ�?ﺭﺓ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ�?‬
                                               ‫�?ﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻭ�?ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ �?ﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﺇﻥ ﺧﻀﻮﻉ ﺑﻘﺎﺀ �?ﻟﺮﹸﺧﺺ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ �?ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺮ�?ﺟﻌﺔ �?ﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﹸ‬
                     ‫ﺳﻴﺤﻔﺰ ﺣﻤﻠﺔ �?ﻟﺘﺼﺎﺭﻳﺢ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
                     ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ �?ﻵﺑﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺳﻴﻜﹸﻮﻥ ﻟﺰ�?ﻣﺎ ﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺩ�?ﺭﺓ ﻣﻮ�?ﺭﺩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻬﻴﺊ �?ﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎﺕ �?ﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ — ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ�? ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺎ‬
                        ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ )ﺑﻨﻚ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ( — ﻟﻠﺤﻔﻆ ﻭ�?ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻭ�?ﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻭﻧﺸﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬




                                                                                 ‫‪5‬‬
                       ‫�?ﻟﺒﻨﻚ �?ﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬
‫�?ﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ �?ﳌﺼﺎﺣ�? ﻟﻠﺸﺮ�?ﻛﺔ �?ﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ )‪(GWPAP‬‬




                     ‫�? �?ﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﺨﺰ�?ﻧﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ �?ﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ �?ﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻴﺮ �?ﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‬
                     ‫)ﻣﺘﺸﺎﻃﺌﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺇﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ �?ﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ �?ﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻴﻦ �?ﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺎﺕ ﺃﹶﻭ �?ﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ �?ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﺫ�?ﺗﻴﺎ ﹰ ﺿﻤﻦ �?ﻷﻣﺔ �?ﻟﻮ�?ﺣﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
                                                                      ‫�?ﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ �?ﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ �?ﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ �?ﻛﺘﺴﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺒﺎﺩ�? ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ�?‪:‬‬
                                                                                ‫�?ﻟﻤﻨﺴﻘﺔ‬ ‫�? ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺮ�?ﻣﺞ ﻣﺮ�?ﻗﺒﺔ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ �?ﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﺃﹶﻭ ﹸ‬
                                                             ‫�? ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺃﹶﻭ �?ﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ �?ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
                      ‫�? ﺇﻗﺮ�?ﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭ �?ﺳﺘﺨﺪ�?ﻡ ﻭﺇﺩ�?ﺭﺓ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻲ �?ﻹﺟﺮ�?ﺀ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﻮ�?ﺟ�? �?ﺗﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻟﺤﻞ �?ﻟﻨﺰ�?ﻉ‬
                                                                             ‫�? ﺗﻮ�?ﻓﻖ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻊ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺫﻱ �?ﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﻭ�?ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

                                                                                                    ‫ﻗﺮ�?ﺀ�?ﺕ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
                     ‫?‪- Abderrahman, W. A. 2003 Should intensive use of non-renewable groundwater resources always be rejected‬‬
                       ‫‪Intensive Use of Groundwater 191–203. Balkema Publishers. Lisse, Germany.‬‬
                     ‫‪- Custodio, E 2000 The Complex Concept of Overexploited Aquifers. Papeles Proyecto Aguas Subterráneas‬‬
                       ‫‪Serie A:2 Fundacion Marcelino Botin. Santander, Spain.‬‬
                     ‫‪- EC ENRICH, 2001 Groundwater: A Renewable Resource? —focus on Sahara and Sahel. British Geological‬‬
                       ‫‪Survey. Wallingford, UK for EC ENV4-CT970591-‬‬

                     ‫‪- Foster, S., Chilton, J., Moench, M., Cardy, F., and Schiffler, M. 2000 Groundwater in Rural‬‬
                       ‫‪Development: facing the Challenges of Supply and Resource Sustainability. World Bank Technical Paper‬‬
                       ‫‪463.Washington, D.C., USA.‬‬
                     ‫‪- Llamas, M. R., 2001 Considerations on Ethical Issues in relation to Groundwater Development and/or‬‬
                       ‫‪Mining. UNESCO IHP-V Technical Documents in Hydrology 42. 467–480. Paris, France.‬‬
                     ‫‪- Lloyd, J. W., 1999 An Overview of Groundwater Management in Arid Climates. Water Management,‬‬
                       ‫‪World Bank-GW•MATE / urification & Conservation in Arid Climates 953-. Technomic. Lancaster, USA.‬‬

                     ‫‪- Puri, S. (editor), 2001 Internationally-Shared (Transboundary) Aquifer Resources Management—their‬‬
                       ‫‪Significance and Sustainable Management. UNESCO IHP-VI Non-Serial Documents in Hydrolgogy‬‬
                     ‫‪SC-2001/WS/40. Paris, France‬‬




                                                                                                       ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎﺕ �?ﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬
                         ‫ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ�?ﺕ �?ﻟﻤﻮﺟﺰﺓ )‪ (GW•MATE‬ﺗﺼﺪﺭ ﻋﻦ �?ﻟﺒﻨﻚ �?ﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻤﻘﺮﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻭ�?ﺷﻨﻄﻦ �?ﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ – �?ﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ �?ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺓ �?ﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ‬
                         ‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ �?ﻟﺒﻨﻚ �?ﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ �?ﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮ�?ﺭﺩ �?ﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ �?ﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ )‪ (www.worldbank.org/gwmate‬ﻭ�?ﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ �?ﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ‬
                                                                   ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮ�?ﻛﺔ �?ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ )‪.(www.gwpforum.org‬‬
                                ‫ﻭﺗﻌﺒﺮ �?ﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻭ�?ﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺮ�?ﺕ ﻭ�?ﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﺎﺕ �?ﻟﻮ�?ﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ �?ﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ �?ﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ �?ﻟﺨﺎﻟﺼﺔ ﻭﻳﺠ�? ﺃﻻ ﺗﻨﺴ�? ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ �?ﻟﺒﻨﻚ �?ﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻦ �?ﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ �?ﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
                                                                                            ‫ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﻪ �?ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﻴﻦ ﺃﻭ �?ﻟﺒﻠﺪ�?ﻥ �?ﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﺜﻠﻮﻧﻬﺎ‪.‬‬




                                                                                              ‫ﺗﻤﻮﻳﻞ �?ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻭ�?ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻧﺪﺓ‬
                                                            ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ �?ﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ �?ﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻹﺩ�?ﺭﺓ �?ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ �?ﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
                                                          ‫�?ﻟﺸﺮ�?ﻛﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ �?ﻟﺒﻨﻚ �?ﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﻭﻫﻮﻟﻨﺪ�? )‪ ،(BNWPP‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮ�?ﺭﺩ �?ﻟﺼﻨﺎﺩﻳﻖ �?ﻻﺳﺘﺌﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ �?ﻟﺘﻲ‬
                                                                             ‫ﺗﺘﻴﺤﻬﻤﺎ �?ﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺘﺎﻥ �?ﻟﻬﻮﻟﻨﺪﻳﺔ ﻭ�?ﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬




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