78815 Africa Program for fisheries World Bank Support to Africa's Marine Fisheries 2012 The World Bank Group Globally: Fish provides essential nutrition for over one billion people. …sustainable net economic benefits from capture fisheries are estimated to exceed Africa Program for Fisheries US$100 billion/year. This Note aims to provide a short summary of the strategic vision for World Bank support to Africa’s marine fisheries over the next ten years, drawing upon the World Bank’s Global Program on Fisheries. Based on experience and progress in marine fisheries, support to inland fisheries could eventually be provided. The Situation: A Global Decline in Marine Fisheries 1) Global Marine Fisheries. Some 67 million tons of fish are harvested from the world’s oceans each year. Together with fish produced from inland fisheries and aquaculture, they provide essential nutrition for over one billion people (including at least 50 percent of animal protein diet for 400 million people from the world’s poorest countries), and livelihoods for more than 200 million people in developing countries. Fish products are among the most widely traded foods (with most trade flowing from poor to rich nations), exceeding the value of international trade in all other animal proteins combined. 2) Unfortunately, both the fish resources and the habitats that support them are increasingly threatened. Weak governance (the action, manner and system of governing) has allowed open access to these resources, encouraging the build-up of severe over-capacity in the world’s fishing fleets and leading to the global decline of the fisheries resource base. Global production from capture fisheries (both marine and inland) once grew at a rate of 6 percent per year, increasing from 18 million tons in 1950 to 56 million tons in 1969. However, during the 1970s and 1980s, the average rate of the increase in fisheries production declined to 2 percent per year, falling to almost zero in the 1990s before stabilizing. During this same period, the total number of people fishing and fish farming worldwide more than doubled (compared with a 35 percent increase in the economically-active population in agriculture). As a result, 75 percent of the world’s fisheries are considered fully or overexploited. 3) However, the decline in the fisheries resource base is not irreversible. Provided concerted action is taken, the prevailing opinion is that fish stocks can be rebuilt. The economic benefits of doing so would be significant: the potential gains from good governance of fisheries are on the order of US$50 billion/year from improvement in production efficiency alone. When market gains are also considered, sustainable net economic benefits (i.e. net returns to capital including transfers to Government, and net returns to labor) are estimated to exceed US$100 billion/year. 4) Africa’s Marine Fisheries. Some of the world’s most fertile fishing grounds can be found off the coast of Africa. Approximately 4.6 million tons of fish are harvested from the continent’s marine waters each year, together with a total of 2.3 million tons from inland fisheries and 0.7 million tons from aquaculture–with an estimated total 2 In Africa: Fisheries support some 10 million livelihoods. Fish is the cheapest source of animal protein on the continent, and provides nutrition and value of almost $4.9 billion at first sale. In most coastal countries in Africa, the fishing sector is a major contributor food security, with to rural income and employment, attracts considerable local and foreign investment, enhances food security, and in many cases is a substantial source of foreign exchange and funding for public budgets (see Table 1 below). While 20% of animal protein significant knowledge gaps exist in terms of the profile of marine fisheries in many countries in Africa, it is clear intake in Africa. that this is a significant natural asset for the region. Table 1. African Fisheries – Current benefits and Country Examples Africa is a net exporter Fisheries production Marine capture: 4.6 million tons (5% global) of fish, with the trade Value of fisheries production (first sale) US$ 4.9 billion 3.6 million fishers (up to four times more in ancillary providing $4.3 billion Employment and livelihoods industries) in revenues per year. Food supply 8.3 kg/capita (50% of world average) 21% daily protein intake (on average) Protein consumption Cheapest animal protein on the continent With better governance, Trade Net exporter (US $4.4 billion or 5% global trade) Africa’s fisheries could GDP contribution >6% in a number of countries: Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, generate at least an (calculation based on first sale values, no account of Sierra Leone, etc. multiplier effect) additional $2 billion per Mauritania: 680,000 tons annual catch, 6% of GDP, 27% contribution to public revenues, 33% of total export revenues year in sustainable net Sierra Leone: 134,000 tons annual catch, 9% of GDP, 230,000 people directly and indirectly employed, 80% of animal protein intake economic benefits. Gabon: 38 kg of fish consumed per capita Mozambique: 850,000 households supported by the sector Source: United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (2008) Marine Fisheries Production in Sub- Saharan Africa 5) Similar to global trends in the stagnation and decline of fisheries, Africa’s marine fish resources and the habitats that support them are increasingly threatened due to weak governance that fails to control access to, and use of, the resources (or distorts access based on specific political economy). With Governments throughout the region unable to control who and how many users can have access to the fish resources, essentially rendering them subject to the tragedy of the commons, both global and local forces are driving increasing fishing pressure. Global and regional demand for fish for food consumption has consistently exceeded supply over the last two decades 3 Key Principles: Commercial fishing is a business and should create sustainable positive net income Ecological sustainability is necessary, but (and is only projected to continue to do so), providing high prices that have driven international fleets to African not sufficient, waters. At the same time, the conditions for coastal communities in much of the continent are such that the cost for commercial of entry into the fisheries is practically zero, driving the development of yet more local fleets. fisheries to generate 6) As a specific symptom of poor governance of the use of the resources, illegal fishing is widespread throughout the region. Many countries in Africa simply do not have the means to control what happens in their waters, or to sustainable income prevent vessels from fishing illegally, and essentially stealing the resources. Numerous foreign industrial vessels and fleets roam the waters of Africa, going from country to country and taking fish from the water without legally registering or paying for the access to do so. Furthermore, many of these vessels never land their fish in the region Social sustainability and contribute to local processing jobs and revenues for Africa, but rather take the fish abroad. Estimates vary, but the value of the fish taken illegally from West Africa for example, is likely in the order of US$100 million or more is necessary for annually. While data are scarce, current trends indicate that the cumulative result of weak governance of Africa’s economic sustainability marine fisheries is that a majority of the region’s marine fisheries are fully or overexploited. 7) With better governance, Africa’s fisheries could generate at least an additional $2 billion per year in net economic benefits. Unlike minerals and other non-renewable resources, this would be a continual contribution to economic growth. Currently, Africa’s fish resources are mined as an extractive industry, but the fisheries could be transformed into a renewable and more profitable industry. World Bank Support to Africa’s Marine Fisheries 8) The Global Program for Fisheries (PROFISH). In 2005 the World Bank established the Global Program for Fisheries (PROFISH), a worldwide partnership to promote and facilitate the contribution that fisheries and aquaculture can make to sustainable economic growth, better nutrition, economic opportunities for women, and poverty reduction. The Program provides information, knowledge products and expertise to help design and implement good governance systems through World Bank investments and international partnerships. PROFISH is funded by a multi-donor trust fund overseen by a steering committee of international partners, and is implemented by a team of fisheries and aquaculture specialists housed in the World Bank’s Agriculture and Rural Development (ARD) Department. 9) The Africa Program for Fisheries. Drawing upon the information and expertise from PROFISH, the World Bank is supporting a program of investments and partnerships to support a sustainable increase in the contribution of marine fisheries resources to economic growth in Africa. 10) Regional Partnership Platform: The African Union (AU) and the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) are working together to develop a regional partnership mechanism to promote fisheries governance 4 Community-Based Fisheries Monitoring In Liberia, the World Bank is piloting support for a network of communities where volunteers periodically monitor key indicators of ocean and and policy reforms in Africa, together with the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the United Nations Food and fisheries health. The Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). In 2010, the AU and NEPAD organized the first Conference of African Ministers of Fisheries and Aquaculture (CAMFA) in Banjul, to discuss the potential results are used by the for governance reforms in the region’s fisheries. The World Bank is currently working with the partners to submit a communities to inform proposal for GEF funding to provide additional support to the AU, together with support to NEPAD from the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DfID), to continue to develop this partnership platform. local resource management 11) Investments: The World Bank is currently providing US$287 million ($204 million IDA, $83 million GEF and decisions, and are other donors) to countries to invest in a number of marine fisheries throughout Africa, to support the governance collected nationally on a reforms needed to rebuild depleted fish stocks. website for community � These investments began in 2005 on a pilot basis in Senegal, Tanzania and subsequently Gabon. Additionally, the World Bank implements a regional fisheries project funded by the GEF , the Southwest Indian Ocean science monitoring. Fisheries Project (SWIOFP). � On the basis of these experiences and the lessons learned, in late 2009 the World Bank approved its first regional investment program in Africa’s fisheries, the West Africa Regional Fisheries Program (WARFP) Through this effort, covering the coastal countries from Mauritania to Ghana. an application is being 12) More specifically, some of the specific types of reforms and instruments that have been piloted in the above developed for smartphones investments include: that can photograph illegal � Supporting community-based user groups to legally manage defined fisheries in Senegal, � Establishing locally-managed marine protected areas in Tanzania, fishing vessels together � Introducing disclosure of fishing licenses and fees in Gabon, and with their coordinates, � Facilitating regional fisheries research and management in the Southwest Indian Ocean. and automatically transmit A Vision for Africa’s Marine Fisheries, and what the information via email could be achieved in Five to Ten Years to local authorities as 13) Key Principles: Addressing the Governance Gap in Marine Fisheries. The recent World Bank publication Where is the Wealth of Nations?, which highlights the capital value of natural assets such as marine fisheries admissible evidence in resources, demonstrates that sustainably governing renewable resources will provide greater contributions to a court. Smartphones with country’s growth over the long-term. This is because: this application would be � A country’s marine fisheries resources can be considered as a capital asset, consisting of the aggregate of the individual or discrete fish populations or ‘stocks’ that can be found in its waters. Because fish stocks distributed to trained fishers. 5 Costs of Overfishing Fish stocks are a renewable but finite resource. The more you fish, eventually you will reach the biological limits of the stocks, their productivity will decrease and overall fish catch will decline reproduce and thus regenerate, this is a renewable capital asset. � The economic value of a country’s marine fisheries asset is derived from the fish that can actually be no matter how much caught from the stocks present in its waters. The greater the difference between fishing catch levels (and more effort is expended thus revenues) and costs, the more valuable the asset. � In a win-win for the environment and countries’ economies, this difference (i.e. the value of the asset) is trying to catch them. greater when the amount of fish caught is small enough to allow the stocks to periodically regenerate to at least the previous levels if not more, i.e. sustainable fishing. In other words, fish catch levels are higher and costs are lower in sustainable fisheries. Where overfishing occurs, the difference between fish catch Costs of fishing will start to levels and costs is smaller due to a greater amount of fishing activity (e.g. a larger number of fishing days per year), and in some cases where subsidies are present, negative. rise greater than revenues � In overexploited fisheries (i.e. most of Africa’s marine fisheries), reducing fishing pressure not only reduces costs, but allows the resource to rebuild to levels that can support increased catches and revenues. from fish catch even before Reducing fishing pressure in overexploited fisheries allows them to make a much greater contribution to total fish catch starts to economic growth over the long-term. � Because there are significant financial, political and social costs in the short term transition to more decline. Overall returns sustainable fisheries, particularly in terms of finding alternative livelihoods to fishing, public financing and support is often needed in order to assist resource users and stakeholders to reduce fishing pressure. continue to decline as the � Experiences world-wide have shown that reducing fishing pressure to levels that are more ecologically and fish stock is fished past the economically beneficial, as well as maintaining fishing activities at these levels, via top-down, regulatory methods alone, is very costly and often ineffective. limits that can regenerate � Rather it is far more effective to introduce and enforce governance frameworks that provide users and stakeholders with well-defined and secure rights to the marine fish resources, which act as incentives for to levels that provide the more sustainable use. Such rights can provide stakeholders the security that they will reap the benefits of largest catch volumes. In rebuilding the resource base, even as they are paying the costs. � For this reason, the World Bank aims to support coastal countries in Africa to introduce the governance such cases, fishing less reforms needed to provide users with clear and secure rights to the resources, to align their incentives with the countries’ broader economic objectives for more sustainable fishing. This is a complex and long- could mean catching more, term process, often requiring a minimum commitment of ten years, in order to ensure that rights are as the stocks regenerate tailored to countries’ specific context with respect to the fish resources in question and the uses of those resources, including the social setting, culture, etc. to levels that can sustain 15) Based on these key principles, the goal of the Africa Program on Fisheries is to sustainably increase the net higher production economic benefits generated by Africa’s marine fish resources, and the portion of those benefits captured within volumes and ultimately the region. economic returns. 16) To reach this goal, the specific objectives of our support are to: 6 Better fishery governance using well-designed rights and responsibilities. Best practices for fisheries and aquaculture. � Strengthen governance of marine fisheries, so it is more transparent and demand-based, and empowers and equips users to have a long-term stake in the health of the resources; � Build surveillance capability to support compliance with good governance measures and reduce illegal fishing; � Where governance reforms have been implemented, develop infrastructure and systems to boost investment Understand for local value-added to fish products, so that countries capture more of the benefits from rebuilding the fish pathways to reform. stocks; � Protect critical natural habitats and ecosystems processes that underpin the health of fish stocks, and monitor and evaluate progress in order to share good practices and encourage replication. 17) The first specific objective above, strengthening governance, is in fact the foundation of the World Bank’s strategy for support to Africa over the next ten years. In the context of marine fisheries, this support would strengthen three key building blocks of good governance as the basis of reform: � A clear fisheries policy framework, with well-defined objectives and the support of stakeholders; � The institutions to deliver these objectives (including laws, norms, organizations, etc.); and � The capacity needed for policy implementation. 18) Time frames for support will be over the next ten years, along the following progression: � Short-term (1–5 years): governance reforms to introduce a clear policy framework and the institutional framework needed to implement the policy; along with the basic tools for governance (e.g. transparent fisheries information systems, registration and licensing of all vessels in order to close access to the fisheries) and the surveillance capacity to reduce illegal fishing and support compliance with policy reforms. � Medium-Term (5–10 years): decentralization and allocation of user rights and the transition to rights-based systems, continued institutional capacity building for governance; development of infrastructure and systems to capture more benefits locally from policy reforms; identification and protection of critical natural habitats. 19) Where will we prioritize our support? In order to help sustainably increase the wealth generated by Africa’s marine fish resources, and the portion of that wealth captured within the region, the World Bank will support investments at both the national and sub-regional level (since some fisheries migrate over borders and require collaboration between countries) over the next ten years in the fisheries of three strategic areas that produce more than half of the continent’s marine fish catch, via horizontal adaptable program loans: � West Africa (US$250 million): from Mauritania to Ghana, via the ongoing West Africa Regional Fisheries Program, since this area represents some of the world’s richest fishing grounds, and produces a majority of the continent’s marine fish catch; 7 Evaluate country, species and technology-specific business models for aquaculture and fisheries. Evaluate international trade policy. � Southwest Indian Ocean (US$200 million): from Somalia to South Africa, via the proposed Southwest Indian Ocean Fisheries Governance and Shared Growth Program, as this area not only represents significant fisheries but also some of the continent’s richest marine biodiversity. � Gulf of Guinea (US$100 million): from Cameroon to Angola, via the proposed Gulf of Guinea Regional Develop Fisheries Program, representing a majority of the remaining marine fish production from the continent. measurement tools 20) The countries’ investments in these areas will be supported by a regional partnership platform for fisheries, hosted at the AU and NEPAD, with assistance from FAO and WWF , and will work with the relevant regional fisheries and indicators for bodies. To complement this effort in marine fisheries, a pilot investment in inland fisheries may be supported. project assessment 21) What outcomes are countries in these three areas aiming to achieve with our support after ten years? and cross-country � At least 15 fisheries (i.e. a distinct commercial fishery built on a specific fish stock or sub-stock, or groups comparison. of stocks) begin recovery if they are overexploited, or if fully exploited the declining trend is stopped and the fisheries are prevented from becoming overexploited (initially targeting fisheries based on the coastal sedentary stocks, and moving towards the more offshore and migratory stocks); and � A US$125 million increase in the annual net economic benefits sustainably generated by these fisheries for the region (i.e. $1.25 billion in additional sustainable returns over the next decade). 22) In summary, the World Bank will support countries to invest US$550 million over the next 10 years to rebuild or maintain the health of at least 15 key commercial fisheries in Africa’s marine waters, so that they can provide an additional US$125 million per year in sustainable net economic benefits, or some US$1.25 billion in additional sustainable net economic benefits over the subsequent decade. 23) Partnerships. In terms of partnerships, the program would draw upon: � Participating Regional Fisheries Bodies: These organizations will support implementation of reforms. Coordination with the Regional Economic Commissions will also be explored. � AU (Nairobi, Kenya): The AU has established a fisheries unit in its Nairobi office that will provide implementation support and monitoring and evaluation for fisheries reforms in the region, together with NEPAD. � NEPAD (Johannesburg, South Africa): As the implementation agency for the Partnership for African Fisheries financed by the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DfID), NEPAD will co-finance the investments in Ghana and Sierra Leone, as regional pilots. � FAO and WWF: These organizations provide technical and communications support respectively. � Bi-lateral Development Partners (e.g. the European Union, France, Germany, Japan and the United States) will provide financial and technical support on a country-by-country basis. 8 Better fishery governance using well-designed rights and responsibilities. Best practices for fisheries and aquaculture. Monitoring and Evaluation Plan1: Program Goal Program Goal Key Indicators of Success Country 2 Baseline (year recorded) Target: 2020 To sustainably Environmental Indicator: Cape Verde Spiny lobsters–30 35 increase the wealth Recovery of overexploited Demersal fish–5 (2009) 7 generated by Africa’s fisheries, or maintenance of Ghana Marine canoe fisheries–15(non-motorized); 25(motorized) 19; 29 status quo for fully exploited fish resources, and fisheries, as measured by total Lake Volta canoe fisheries–6.9 7.1 the portion of that landings of fish per unit of Guinea-Bissau Coastal demersal fish–270 330 wealth captured fishing capacity. Coastal shrimp–348 420 within the region. Cephalopods–492 (2010) 566 (Unit of measure = number of Liberia Coastal shrimp -<10 14 tons of fish landed per type of Coastal demersal fish–136 (2009) 175 fishing vessel) 3 Senegal Coastal shrimp – 34 36 Coastal demersal fisheries–522(industrial); 2.9(small-scale) (2007) 525; 4 Sierra Leone Coastal shrimp–56 67 Coastal demersal fish–500 (2009) 660 Economic Indicator: Cape Verde Spiny lobsters; Demersal fish; Pelagic fish -2.5 million (2009) 4.5.0 M Increase in annual ne t economic Ghana Marine canoe fisheries–155 million 179.0 M benefits (US$) from targeted Lake Volta canoe fisheries–82 million (2010) 84.0 M fisheries for the countries that depend on them. Guinea-Bissau Coastal demersal fish; Coastal shrimp and cephalopods–16.5 million (2010) 18.5 M Liberia Coastal shrimp; Coastal demersal–3.9 million (2009) 8.9 M (Using country systems data to Senegal Coastal demersal fisheries=-3.4 million (2009) 5.4 M fill a standardized fisheries bio- economic model applied via the Sierra Leone Coastal shrimp; Coastal demersal fish–71.6 million (2009) 73.6 M investment in each country) Social Indicator: To be determined Increase in the average income of fishing households-To be confirmed. 1. The M&E costs for this plan are/will be embedded in the specific investments, and augmented/supported where necessary by the regional partnership platform. This M&E plan will be refined and completed as part of the partnership initiative, with particular emphasis on finalizing a suitable social indicator. 2. Baselines and targets will be set during preparation for the remaining countries in West Africa, as well as those in the Gulf of Guinea and Southwest Indian Ocean. 3. Trends in local landings of target fish species (which would represent a larger basked of species targeted by the fishery) per unit of fishing capacity, is used as a rough proxy to indicate trends in the fish catch per unit of fishing effort (CPUE), as a practical measure of trends in the actual biomass of the fish stock, based on the availability of data. Further work will be conducted to refine/improve the indicators for recovery of targeted fisheries. 9 The World Bank Monitoring and Evaluation Plan: Specific Objective Specific Intermediate Outcomes Outcome Indicators Baseline Target: Objective 2015 Aims to support Strengthen governance and Key elements of good governance of the fisheries are Clear policy framework in place, in order to increase the wealth from fisheries through strengthened rights and equitable allocation No Yes management of in place of these rights which balances economic efficiency and social coastal countries in the fisheries benefits (yes/no) Public and private institutions necessary to deliver the objectives of No Yes Africa to introduce the the policy framework in place, with clearly defined roles (yes/no) governance reforms Legal and regulatory framework in place to deliver the objectives of the policy (yes/no) No Yes needed to provide users Cape Verde:50%; Ghana, 100 Percentage of small-scale fishing fleet legally registered Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sierra Leone:0; Senegal <5% (2009) with clear and secure Percentage of small-scale fishing fleet licensed 0 100 Functioning fishing vessel and license registry in place (yes/no) No Yes rights to the resources, Functioning fish catch and effort database in place (yes/no) No Yes to align their incentives Fisheries Industry Transparency Initiative: An electronic No Yes “dashboard� to publicly disclose key sector information (e.g. with the countries’ foreign access agreements, licenses, terms and conditions of access, fees, etc.) is established (yes/no) broader economic Robust and secure rights are developed, defined and Number of Territorial Use Rights Fisheries (TURFs) legally established for targeted coastal fisheries Cape Verde, Liberia, Senegal, Sierra Leone:0 (2009) 15 allocated for participation in objectives for more targeted fisheries, in some cases through co-management Number of private user groups supported/established to play a greater role in coastal fisheries resource management, and number Senegal:0 (2009) 8 partnerships of local management initiatives supported sustainable fishing. Finance of transition costs as Number of vessels reduced in targeted fisheries Cape Verde 0 small-scale vessels (2009) 150 necessary to reduce fishing that are overexploited Ghana 0 industrial trawl vessels (2010) 84 pressure on over-exploited Senegal 0 industrial trawl vessels (2009) 25 resources Percent of fishers receiving micro-credit that remain outside of the Senegal:0 (2009) 40 targeted fisheries Reduce illegal Effective surveillance (aerial Number of total patrol days at sea per year in Cape Verde 70 (2009) 150 fishing, through and sea patrols, satellite-based targeted fisheries Guinea Bissau 131(2010) 264 strengthened fishing vessel monitoring Liberia 0 (2009) 100 surveillance and systems, fisheries monitoring Senegal 200 (2009) 400 enforcement centers, observer programs, Sierra Leone 348 (2009) 696 port control measures, community-based monitoring A satellite-based fishing vessel monitoring system is in place No Yes and safety and security at sea) (yes/no) A fisheries monitoring center is equipped and functional (yes/no) No Yes Develop Fish landing facilities, including Number of integrated fish landing site clusters established Cape Verde, Ghana, Liberia, 14 infrastructure and basic infrastructure as well as Senegal, Sierra Leone:0 (2009) systems to boost partnerships to leverage clusters investment in of support services local value-added to fish products Fish product trade systems, A competent sanitary authority is accredited for certification of fish Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sierra Yes including quality control and exports to the European Union (yes/no) Leone:No (2009) sanitary competent authorities Protect critical Establishment/operation of Number of protected fisheries zones (ZPPs) created and legally Senegal:0 (2009) 2 natural habitats marine protected areas and established and ecosystems reserved fishing zones processes that underpin the Ecosystem rehabilitation, Number of artificial reefs expanded/submerged in fisheries under Senegal:0 (2009) 2 health of the fish e.g. artificial reefs, mangrove co-management stocks reforestation Support for market-based Number of fisheries eligible for eco-certification according to Senegal:0 (2009) 1 mechanisms to encourage criteria of Marine Stewardship Council environmentally-friendly fisheries, such as eco- certification Monitor and Conduct baseline Baselines available for Cameroon, Comoros, Gabon, Guinea, No Yes evaluate progress measurements for remaining Madagascar, Mauritania, Mozambique, Sao Tome and Principe; in order to widely countries Seychelles and Tanzania communicate lessons learned, Fisheries performance (e.g. Fisheries Performance Index) measured for targeted fisheries in all No Yes and encourage participating countries replication A fisheries knowledge bank (database of key environmental, social and economic indicators for the No Yes fisheries) is established at the AU – NEPAD, sub-regional fisheries organizations, RECs Annex 1: Current Portfolio. Analytical Basis The World Bank will Geographic area Name of Technical Work Year support countries to Guinea-Bissau Sustainable Fisheries Sector Strategy Senegal Sustainable Fisheries Sector Strategy 2004 2005 invest US$550 million Ghana Coastal Fisheries background chapter to Natural Resource Management Study 2005 over the next 10 years to South Africa Economic Contribution of Fisheries 2006 Cape Verde Sustainable Fisheries Sector Strategy 2007 rebuild or maintain the Sierra Leone Sustainable Fisheries Sector Strategy South Africa Fisheries Sector Study 2007 2007 health of at least 15 key Mauritania Sustainable Fisheries Sector Strategy 2008 commercial fisheries in Liberia Sustainable Fisheries Sector Strategy 2008 Madagascar Fisheries Policy Advice 2009 Africa’s marine waters, so South West Indian Ocean WioFish Database Seychelles Competitiveness of the Indian Ocean Tuna Cannery 2009 2009 that they can provide an Ghana Fisheries and Aquaculture Sector Development Plan 2010 additional US$125 million Seychelles Management of Tuna Industry in Seychelles 2011 Cameroon Sustainable Fisheries Sector Strategy 2011 per year in sustainable South West Indian Ocean Coral Reef Management and Climate Change Côte d’Ivoire Fisheries Sector Strategy Notes 2011 2011 net economic benefits, or some US$1.25 billion in Investment Portfolio additional sustainable net Geographic Operation IDA GEF Strategic JSDF/ Status Closing economic benefits over area Partnership Other Date the subsequent decade. Africa Strategic Partnership for Fisheries in Africa – MSP 1.0 Supervision 2011 East Africa Southwest Indian Ocean Fisheries Project (SWIOFP) 12.0 Supervision 2012 Tanzania Marine & Coastal Environmental Mgt. Project (MACEMP) 52.0 5.0 5.0 Supervision 2012 Mozambique Community-based resources management and alternative 1.9 Supervision 2013 Livelihood Project Kenya Coastal Development Project (KCDP) 35.0 5.0 Supervision 2016 Gabon Natural Resource Mgt. Dev. Policy Loan (Fisheries component) 10.0 Supervision 2011 Senegal Integrated Coastal & Maritime Resource Mgt. Project (GIRMaC) 10.0 5.0 Supervision 2012 Sustainable Management of Fish Resources Project (GDRH) 3.5 6.0 Supervision 2012 West Africa West Africa Regional Fisheries Program (WARFP) APL-A1 47.0 10.0 10.0 Supervision 2015 West Africa West Africa Regional Fisheries Program (WARFP) APL-B1 6.0 2.0 Effectiveness 2016 West Africa West Africa Regional Fisheries Program (WARFP) in Ghana 50.3 3.5 Effectiveness 2016 Sao Tome Adaptation to Climate Change Project (focus on coastal) 4.1 Effectiveness 2016 Comoros Coastal Resources Co-management for Sustainable Livelihoods 2.7 Effectiveness 2015 TOTAL 203.8 36.1 32.5 14.6 Other Instruments to Support Fisheries Governance Geographic Description Year Status area Senegal Inclusion of fisheries-related triggers in the PRSC FY10 Ongoing Ghana Inclusion of fisheries-related triggers in the Agriculture DPO FY11 Ongoing Seychelles Inclusion of fisheries triggers in the IMF’s Memorandum of Economic and Financial Policy (MEFP) FY10 Ongoing The World Bank Group 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 USA World Bank Group's Global Program on Fisheries website: www.worldbank.org/fish Photo credits: ©James L. Anderson: Front cover; Page 4, left; Page 8, top. ©Michael Arbuckle: Page 2, left; Page 2 & 3, top; Page 6 & 7, top; Page 7 right. ©Jingjie Chu: Page 4 & 5, top; Page 9, top & right ; Page 10 left; Page 11, right; Back cover. ©Randall Brummett: Page 8, left Cover illustration and design: Mandy-Scott Bachelier