23044
CGIAR ANNUAL REPORT 2000
The Challenge of
Climate Change:
Poor Farmers at Risk
CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



TO CONTRIBUTE TO FOOD SECURITY AND POVERTY ERADICAT ION IN DyEVEOPING
COUNTRIES THROUGH' RESEARCH, PARTNERSH]IPS, CAPACITY BUILDING AND 0OLICY
SUPPORT,. PROMOTING SUSTAINABL AGRICULTURAL DEVEL0PMENT BASED ON THE
ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES.
The maps in this report have been prepared exclusively for the convenience of the reader. The denominations used and the
boundaries shown on the maps do not imply any judgment on the legal status of any territory or any endorsement or accept-
ance of such boundaries.



CGIAR at a Glance     2
Message from Ian Johnson, CGIAR Chairman       4
Overview from Francisco J. B. Reifschneider, CGIAR Director  6
Perspectives on Agriculture and Climate Change
by Robert T. Watson, Chairman, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 8
Selected Snapshots of the Potential Effects of Climate Change
Projected Changes in Annual Precipitation for the 2050s  11
Crop Yield Change      12
Projected Changes in Annual Temperatures for the 2050s    13
People at Risk from a 44 cm Sea-Level Rise by the 2080s   14
Agricultural Research and Climate Change: Why CGIAR Science
Is Relevant to the Needs of Small Farmers
by Pedro A. Sanchez, Chairman, Inter-Center Working Group on Climate Change  1 5
About the CGIAR-Supported Future Harvest Centers     18
Financial Report 2000     23
Overview: Twenty-Nine Years of CGIAR Investment     27
Who's Who in the CGIAR      99
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 THE CHALLENGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE POOR FARMERS AT RISK



CGIAR at a Glance
THE CGIAR  FAMILY                                         CGIAR scientists have received numerous awards for their
Created in 1971, the Consultative Group on International  contributions to meeting the world's enormous food needs.
Agricultural Research (CGIAR) is an association of public   Most recently, Dr. Evangelina Villegas and Dr. Surinder K.
and private members supporting a system of 16 international  Vasal received the Millennium World Food Prize for their life-
agricultural Centers that work in more than 100 countries to  time work to develop a higher-yielding, protein-rich "miracle
mobilize cutting-edge science to reduce hunger and poverty,  corn" that can help prevent malnutrition in millions of peo-
improve human nutrition and health, and protect the envi-  ple. Dr. Villegas is the first woman ever to receive the prize.
ronment.                                                  Over the 30 years of its existence, the CGIAR has made a
While agriculture is the cornerstone of development in   major contribution to poverty reduction and food security in
poor countries, where more than 70 percent of people depend   developing countries, and has achieved outstanding rates of
on the land for their livelihood, agricultural growth must be   return on investment. For example:
achieved through methods that preserve the productivity of
natural resources. Research is one key means by which the   U Real prices of major food staples consumed by the poor
world's knowledge of agriculture is increased and improved.  have dropped significantly-43 percent for maize, 38 per-
The CGIAR's research agenda focuses on both strategic    cent for wheat, and 33 percent for rice-thereby helping
and applied research. This agenda includes the entire range  to reduce poverty in rural and urban areas.
of problems affecting agricultural productivity and links
these problems to broader concerns about poverty reduction,   U The value of wheat production in the developing world has
sustainable management of natural resources, protection of  increased by more than US$1.8 billion a year. In Latin
biodiversity, and rural development.                       America, 90 percent of irrigated rice production is trace-
More than 8,500 CGIAR scientists and scientific staff con-  able to CGIAR varieties.
duct research to improve the productivity of tropical agricul-
ture. This research focuses on higher-yielding food crops and   U Pesticide use in developing countries has been reduced
more productive livestock, fish, and trees; improved farming  substantially through integrated pest management and bio-
systems that are environmentally benign; better policies; and  logical control methods developed by CGIAR and national
enhanced scientific capacities in developing countries. The  collaborators. Control of cassava pests has added over
knowledge generated by CGIAR-and the public and private    US$400 million to annual output in Sub-Saharan Africa.
organizations that work with the CGIAR as partners, research
associates, and advisors-pays handsome dividends for poor   C G I A R M E M B E R S
farmers in terms of increased output, greater incomes, and   The CGIAR partnership includes 22 developing and 21
sounder utilization of resources. All benefits of CGIAR   industrialized countries, 3 private foundations, and 12
research are kept within the public domain, freely available  regional and intemational organizations that provide financing,
to everyone. These benefits range from developing crops  technical support, and strategic direction. The Food and
suited to local conditions, to better farming systems that  Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the
reduce agriculture's impact on natural resources, to tackling   United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the
some of the larger global challenges, such as climate change.  World Bank serve as cosponsors.
Advocating science-based approaches to solving some of  CGIAR Members are expected to contribute US$340 million
the world's most pressing developmental problems is at the   to the CGIAR's 2001 research budget, an increase of more
heart of the CGIAR's mission. The CGIAR supports interna-  than 40 percent since the early 1990s. Individual Members
tional development goals, including those laid out in the   make voluntary contributions to the Centers and programs of
Convention to Combat Desertification, the Convention on  their choice, allowing funds to be targeted to areas of
Biological Diversity, the International Undertaking on Plant  research and regions that align with development priorities.
Genetic Resources, and the United Nations Framework Con-  Independent studies consistently demonstrate that CGIAR
vention on Climate Change.                              research earns handsome returns.
2                                                    i; CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



CGIAR MEMBERS COOPERATING INSTITUTIONS                         CGIAR MEMBERS
INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES                                       FOUNDATIONS
Australia          Australian Centre for International         Ford Foundation
Agricultural Research                       Kellogg Foundation
Austria            Federal Ministry of Finance                 Rockefeller Foundation
Belgium            Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Canada             Canadian International Development Agency    INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Denmark            Ministry of Foreign Affairs                 Asian Development Bank
Finland            Ministry for Foreign Affairs                African Development Bank
France             Ministry of Foreign Affairs                 Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development
Germany            Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and   European Commission
Development                                 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Ireland            Department of Foreign Affairs               Inter-American Development Bank
Italy              Ministry of Foreign Affairs                 International Development Research Centre
Japan              Ministry of Foreign Affairs                 International Fund for Agricultural Development
Luxembourg         Ministry of Finance                         OPEC Fund for International Development
Netherlands        Ministry of Foreign Affairs                 United Nations Development Programme
New Zealand        Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade       United Nations Environment Programme
Norway             Ministry of Foreign Affairs                 World Bank
Portugal           Ministry of Finance
Spain              Ministhv of Agriculture
Sweden             Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Switzerland        Swiss Development Cooperation               CGIAR-SUPPORTED   FUTURE  HARVEST
United Kingdom     Department for International Development    C E N T E R S
United States of    United States Agency for International     The 16 Centers supported by the CGIAR are autonomous
America          Development                                 institutions, each with its own charter, international board of
trustees, director, and staff. Three years ago, the Centers cre-
DEVELOPING AND TRANSITION COUNTRIES                            ated Future Harvest, an organization dedicated to building
Bangladesh         Ministry of Agriculture                     support for international agricultural research, and subse-
Brazil             Ministry of Agriculture and Food Supply     quently decided to call themselves the "Future Harvest"
China              Ministry of Agriculture                     Centers. These Centers are:
Colombia           Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development                                 CIAT    Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (Colombia)
Cote d'Ivoire      Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources   CIFOR   Center for International Forestry Research (Indonesia)
Egypt, Arab        Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation    CIMMYT Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo
Republic of                                                           (Mlexico)
India              Ministry of Agriculture                     CIP      Centro Internacional de la Papa (Peru)
Indonesia          Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry        ICARDA International Center for Agricultural Research in the
Iran, Islamic      Ministry of Agriculture                              Dry Areas (Syrian Arab Republic)
Republic of                                                  ICLARM International Center for Living Aquatic Resources
Kenya              Ministry of Agriculture and Rural                    Management (Malaysia)
Development                                 ICRAF  International Centre for Research in Agroforestry
Korea, Republic of  Ministry of Agriculture                             (Kenya)
Mexico             Ministry of Agriculture                     ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the
Nigeria            Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources        Semi-Arid Tropics (India)
Pakistan           Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock  IFPRI   International Food Policy Research Institute
Peru               Ministrv of Agriculture                              (United States)
Philippines        Department of Agriculture                   IITA     International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (Nigeria)
Romania            Ministry of Agriculture and Food            ILRI    International Livestock Research Institute (Kenya)
Russian Federation  Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences   IPGRI   International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (Italy)
South Africa       Ministry of Agriculture and Land Affairs    IRRI    International Rice Research Institute (Philippines)
Syrian Arab        Ministrv of Agriculture and Agricultural    ISNAR   International Service for National Agricultural Research
Republic        Reform                                                (Netherlands)
Thailand           Department of Agriculture                   IWMI   International Water Management Institute (Sri Lanka)
Uganda             National Agricultural Research Organization  WARDA West Africa Rice Development Association (Cote d'Ivoire)
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 THE CHALLENGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE. POOR FARMERS AT RISK                                                3



Message from Ian Johnson, CGIAR Chairman
I   feel very privileged                               resentative CGIAR stakeholders, was created to maintain the
to serve as the eighth                            momentum of change. The CDMT's proposals can provide a
Chairman  of the                                  basis for CGIAR transformation.
CGIAR. Since my
appointment in July 2000,                               FORMIDABLE CHALLENGES
I have used every opportu-                              As a scientific enterprise, the CGIAR has embraced change
nity to get to know the                                 before. New research avenues have been explored, new Cen-
CGIAR better, visiting the                             ters added, new Members welcomed-especially from the
Centers, consulting with                                developing countries. It is a truism that a vibrant scientific
the Cosponsors and Mem-                                 effort thrives on change. The ongoing revolution in the bio-
bers, talking to farmers in                            logical sciences, computing technology, and near instanta-
the  field,  and  seeing                                neous global communications offers tremendous opportuni-
CGIAR scientists in action.                             ties for new partnerships to help the poor. The CGIAR must
This CGIAR Annual Report                                seize these opportunities to advance its mandate. The year
2000 reflects the high quality of science practiced through-   2000 was one of review and preparation. In 2001, it is time
out the CGIAR System over the past year.               to act.
The CGIAR started as a unique effort to mobilize agricul-    Thirty years ago, international interest in harnessing agri-
tural research on the frontlines of the battles against hunger,  cultural science and technology to combat famine and pro-
poverty, and environmental degradation. Today, new chal-   mote agricultural development was at an unprecedented
lenges are being added to the development agenda-threats   high. The effectiveness of this strategy is widely acknowl-
to the global environment, particularly climate change; the   edged, as these examples show:
management of natural resources, such as land and water;
and public health and nutritional concerns, to name a few. In   * More than 300 CGIAR-developed varieties of wheat and
this past year, we have seen growing evidence of the potential  rice, and more than 200 varieties of maize, are being
impact of these threats on agriculture, and, by definition, on  grown by farmers in developing countries.
the CGIAR's research agenda.
Major transformations will occur as we seek to fulfill our  * CGIAR holds in public trust, under oversight of the Food
vision of a world in which the CGIAR ensures that interna-  and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO),
tional agricultural research contributes, to the fullest possi-    the world's largest collection of plant genetic resources
ble extent, to poverty reduction and sustainable develop-  (comprising over 600,000 accessions of more than 3,000
ment.                                                     crop, forage, and pasture species).
In this year of change the CGIAR will be forward-looking
and more innovative, mobilizing a critical mass of scientific   * CGIAR works with developing countries in strengthening
expertise, and using cutting-edge science in efforts to resolve  national agricultural research capacities. More than
"big picture" issues that confront the development commu-  75,000 scientists and technical personnel have already
nity. We will expand alliances and reinforce partnerships to    received training at the Centers.
enhance the overall impact.
A strong sentiment for change emerged at last year's Inter-   Despite the progress made, however, new challenges remain.
national Centers Week (ICW2000), when it was generally    One-fifth of the world's population lives in absolute
agreed that internal changes would be needed if the CGIAR   poverty, on less than US$1 a day, and almost half the world's
were to be appropriately structured and adequately equipped   population lives on less than US$2 a day. Some 826 million
to grapple with the problems of today and tomorrow.     people do not have enough to eat. In addition, numerous
There was broad agreement that the CGIAR must be   other challenges lie heavily on the development agenda.
relaunched, that it must be clearly seen to be changing in   They include the "hidden hunger" of malnutrition, water
both form and function, with the existing strengths and expe-  scarcity, land degradation, loss of biodiversity, human
rience of the System serving as the foundation on which a   immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syn-
restyled CGIAR could be built. A Change Design and Man-   drome (HIV/AIDS), and other pressures. These challenges
agement Team (CDMT), reporting to a Steering Group of rep-   will grow more complex as the world's population increases
4                                                   V&  CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



by an estimated 2 billion people-most of them in develop-  Fourth, stable long-term  finance: To be effective. the
ing countries-over the next 25 years.                    CGIAR needs a strategy-based on effectiveness, accounta-
The challenge to agriculture inherent in these develop-   bility, and output-for stable and replenishable financing.
ments is formidable. Agriculture alone cannot solve all devel-   One implication of the challenge-based research agenda is
opment problems, but agriculture and its sustaining force,  that, over time, funding for the CGIAR would be more pro-
agricultural research, are essential elements of any realistic   grammatic than institutional. This could stabilize funding
effort to resolve the major development issues that lie at the   through multiyear arrangements. The possibility of attracting
heart of sustainable development-including food security,  support from nontraditional donors, including donors from
nutritional deficiency, climate change, and water and land   the private sector, is also being explored.
management.
THE SPECIAL IMPACT OF CLIMATE
THEMES FOR CHANGE                                        CHANGE ON THE CGIAR RESEARCH
Several themes are expected to underpin change in the   A G E N D A
CGIAR.                                                  The theme of this annual report, The Challenge of Climate
First, challenge-oriented research: The impact of CGIAR   Change: Poor Farmers at Risk, is fundamental to the CGIAR's
research could be substanitially elevated if the current   goal of addressing the needs of small farmers in developing
research agenda were augmented by a strategic approach in  countries through agricultural research. Mobilizing science,
which the Centers and their partners collaborate to achieve   developing adaptation and mitigation strategies, and target-
verifiable, targeted outputs in clearly defined strategic  ing the ecosystems most vulnerable to climate variability will
research areas. Such a strategic research agenda, defined in  remain the primary objectives of CGIAR efforts, both now
consultation with other stakeholders, could mobilize agricul-  and in the future.
tural science to respond to major challenges that are at the  The most recent assessment of climate change by the
heart of global development concerns. Each program would   world's leading scientists (assembled in the Intergovernmen-
consist of building blocks of projects that together respond to  tal Panel on Climate Change of the United Nations) con-
a major development challenge-for instance, the looming   cludes that the earth's average surface temperature could
water crisis and its impact on smallholder agriculture.  increase by as much as 5.8 degrees Celsius (10.4 degrees
Second, operational strength: The Centers wvill be strength-   Fahrenheit) by the end of the current century. This is signifi-
ened by expanding present strategic alliances, both among   cantly higher than earlier estimates.
themselves and with non-CGIAR institutions. National agri-  How should we respond? The CGIAR is concerned with
cultural research systems (NARS) must continue to be the   the reality that agriculture accounts for a significant portion
cornerstone of any framework of partnerships and alliances.  of the total emissions of greenhouse gases. We need to con-
Civil society institutions, the private sector, and university   duct research to develop technologies that not only help to
research institutes will also be more widely engaged. The   reduce poverty and promote the sustainable use of natural
common needs of the Centers are currently met through ad   resources, but that also mitigate the impact of agriculture on
hoc arrangements, or not met at all. A common services unit  climate. This is a particular challenge to developing coun-
could increase cohesion and improve efficiency.         tries as they confront climate change and may not have the
Third, nimble decisionmaking and governance: The   scientific and institutional capacities to undertake thie
CGIAR embodies elements of a new age of international  required research.
institutions. Critical elements of such institutions are stream-  So what does all this mean to the small farmer, the pri-
lined decisionmaking; deliberations in a "virtual" mode   mary client of the CGIAR? A warming world will surely
wherever possible; minimum use of large meetings, commit-  impact yields of staple crops, increase the incidence of pest
tees, and so on; and the ability to mobilize, disseminate, and   attacks, and exacerbate drought, all with profound effects
use knowledge to shape policy, technical, and scientific agen-   on the well-being of small farmers in developing countries.
das. Knowledge-based institutions are going to be the win-   The CGIAR and its partners remain committed to address-
ners in the new age, and the CGIAR, a knowledge-based   ing these issues by mobilizing the best of science for poor
institution, must exploit its inherent and potential strengths.  farmers at risk.
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 THE CHALLENGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE. POOR FARMERS AT RISK                                     5



Overview from Francisco J. B. Reifschneider, CGIAR Director
t the dawn of the    (TIGR) began using advanced sequencing techniques
new  millennium,     from the Human Genomic Project to pry open the molecu-
a g r i c u it u r a 1  lar secrets of Theileria parva, the tiny parasite that causes
development          East Coast Fever, a debilitating livestock disease that kills
holds the key to some of the  two cows every minute in Sub-Saharan Africa. Their
most pressing challenges      research may also lead to a breakthrough in finding cures
facing the human family.      for persistent human diseases such as malaria and cancer.
The CGIAR has a long track
record of success in provid-   The year 2000 will also be remembered for the changes that
ing research outputs that  occurred across the CGIAR System. World Bank Vice Presi-
fulfill the criteria for global   dent Ian Johnson became the CGIAR Chairman in July, suc-
public goods. At a time   ceeding Ismail Serageldin, who had served in that leadership
when one of the greatest  position since 1994. Alexander von der Osten, CGIAR Exec-
challenges is the speed of scientific change itself, the CGIAR   utive Secretary since 1989, also retired at the end of the year
must remain true to its mission of generating knowledge and   2000.
technologies that directly benefit poor farmers in developing  Since becoming CGIAR Director in January 2001, 1 have
countries.                                              had the pleasure of working with the whole CGIAR family. It
For the CGIAR, the year 2000 will be remembered as a   is my privilege to participate in shaping the new, revitalized
time when the contributions of CGIAR science to interna-   CGIAR.
tional development goals, including poverty reduction and  Scientific enterprise works best as a collaboration, espe-
improved health and nutrition, were widely recognized.  cially when new challenges confront us and test the rele-
vance of our work. In order for the CGIAR to be on the cut-
Let me highlight just three examples:                 ting edge, it must renew and transform itself continuously.
Members of the CGIAR family are in broad agreement that
* A higher-yielding, protein-rich "miracle corn" to help pre-  such renewal is necessary: together, they supported formation
vent malnutrition in millions of people earned Dr. Evan-   of a Change Design and Management Team to examine
gelina Villegas and Dr. Surinder K. Vasal of the Centro Inter-  options, suggest alternatives, and propose specific changes,
nacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo (International  all the while ensuring that the target of our efforts remains the
Maize and Wheat Improvement Center-CIMMYT) the Mil-  small farmer who ekes out a precarious existence in the mar-
lennium World Food Prize. Dr. Villegas-the first woman   ginal ecosystems of the developing world.
ever to receive the Food Prize-and Dr. Vasal join six other  This annual report itself reflects change. It highlights a
CGIAR scientists who are World Food Prize Laureates.  major environmental issue, the potential impact of climate
change on agriculture, especially in developing countries.
* Scientists at the International Rice Research Institute  International agricultural research will play an important role
(IRRI) were enlisted to aid international efforts to investi-  in helping poor farmers adapt to the consequences of climate
gate the safety and utility of "Golden Rice" in combating   change and mitigate its deleterious effects. Although climate
Vitamin A deficiency, which is responsible for 500,000   change is global in scope, a group of the world's leading sci-
cases of irreversible blindness and 1 to 2 million deaths   entists has warned that climate change is potentially most
worldwide each year. This work is a good example of  devastating to the world's poorest people. The CGIAR's
CGIAR strengths in mobilizing high science for the cause  research agenda cannot remain unaffected by that finding.
of the poor.                                            It is a reality that we are in the midst of change that affects
every aspect of our work. For a scientific enterprise such as the
* Scientists at the International Livestock Research Insti-   CGIAR, the prospect of change cannot deter us from pursuing
tute (ILRI) and The Institute for Genomic Research   our mission of promoting poverty reduction and sustainable
6                                                    A   CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



agriculture. Indeed, this is an opportunity for the seientifie
temperament to take charge of change and direct it to the      §                SvSaSJ<<p%x8p9isx9Doso&flafiNsRyE,.,,;
At this time of change, the ralson d'etre for the CGIAR
remains unchanged. Our strategy builds on past achieve-_
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ANNUAL REPORT 2000 THE CHALLENGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE POP                    OOFARR M



Perspectives on Agriculture and Climate Change
T           he las. two idecades have     A
past 1 00years. Sea levels arering ll pat-
terns are changing, Arctic ice is thing,ad the
frequncy  and intensity of El Nino events appear
to be  c                 parts of the world, major heat-
wave0 floods, droughts, and extreme weather patterns have
;led toesignificant loss of life.Associated   economic losses                     BY ROBERT T. WATSON, CHAIRMAN
totaled US$40 billion in1999; one-fourrth   of the losses                         INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL
occurred in developing0 countries.The question is no longer                       ON CLIMATE CHANGE
whether the earth's climate will change, but rather how much
it:0  will changehow fast, and where.
The: intergovermental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
9thas wned that the latest scientific evidence points strongly
toward a steadily warming world in the twenty-first century.  The panel concluded that "there is stronger evidence" of
An<X+ overwhelming majority of scientific experts around the   humanity's influence on climate and that man-made green-
worlsd, while recognizing that some scientific uncertainties   house gases have probably already "contributed most of the
exdist, nonetheless believe that climate change caused by   observed warming over the last 50 years." Unless concentra-
hifuman activities (primarily burning of fossil fuels, deforesta-  tions of greenhouse gases are stabilized, the probable rise in
tion, and agricultural practices) is already occurring, and   their concentrations in the atmosphere could mean:
that further climate change is inevitable.
For developin  countries in particular the incremental  * Severe water stress in the arid and semiarid land areas in
costs of adapting to a continuously changing climate would  southern Africa, the Middle East, and southern Europe
be a major burden, even assuming that they possess the insti- *   Decreased agricultural production in many tropical and sub-
tutional a    ical  apability to adapt. The good news is    tropical countries, especially countries in Africa and Latin
that si                     net emissions of man-made       America, as a result of almost any increases in temperature
green               t          fsible. When they are *   Higher worldwide food prices as supplies fail to keep up
relee                    r, methane, and                   with the demand of an increasing population
nitrous oxide are the primary contributors to the greenhouse   * Increased vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, in trop-
effet. he ulk f teiremision, prticlary tat o cabon ical countries
dioxide, ieeoe  Major changes in the productivity and composition of crit-
{lixed nations are responsible for almost three-fourths ofcar ical ecological systems, particularly coral reefs and
bon dioxdeeisosordde                                       forests
The IPCC was*established by the United iNations in 1988   U Tens of millions of people at risk from flooding and land-
to provide governments with a scientific consensus on cli-  slides, driven by projected increases in rainfall intensity
mate change and its eonsequences recently the IPCC com-     and, in coastal areas, rising sea levels.
pleted the motcmrhnsv  eiwad  paeo  h
state of clim       ateR t,    The magnitude of the climate change phenomenon must be
Climate Ch             cssess-   understood in the context of global environmental degrada-
ment report, thrature   could  tion and threats to sustainable development. World leaders
rise by as                               (10.4 degrees  today face enormous challenges to:
Fahrenheit) ov            wang, the most
rapid clim atel  ce more than   * Reduce poverty for the 1.3 billion people who live on less
60 percent he any   scientists just five                    than US$1 per day and the 3 billion who live on less than
years ago.                                                  US$2 per day
8                          ;V                                 CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



* Provide adequate food, especially for the nearly 800 mil   and where dryland, nonirrigated agriculture dominates,
lion people who are malnourished today, by doubling food   yields are likely to decrease with even small increases in
production in the next 35 years                            atmospheric temperature. Overall agricultural productivity
* Provide clean water for the 1.3 billion people who do not   in Africa and Latin Amnerica could decrease during the next
have clean drinking water, and provide sanitation for the 2   century, leading to huniger and malnutrition in vulnerable
billion people who lack access to sanitation               areas, especially in drought-prone regions of Africa.
* Provide electrification for the 2 billion people who lack
electricity                                                EFFECTS  OF  CLIMATE  CHANGE  ON
* Provide a healthy environmient for the more than 1 billion   W A T E R
people who are exposed to dangerous levels of indoor and   Climate change will increase flooding in soiiie regionis, but
outdoor air pollution.                                     will further exacerbate the frequency and magnitude of
droughts in central Asia, northern and southern Africa, the
Predictions that climate change will mean severe flooding of   Middle East, the Mediterranean region, and Australia. More
coastal areas, an increase in storms and heavy rains in some   frequent and longer droughts will have a potentially adverse
regions, and more rapid desertification in others have enor-   effect on agriculture, particularly in developing countries
mous implications for agricultural productivity, wvater   located in arid and semiarid areas. Moreover, changing pat-
resources, and natural ecosystems.                           terns of rainfall and runoff, coupled with population growth,
will lead to huge pressures on water supplies. At present, 1.7
EF FEUC TS  O F C L IMAT E C HA N GE 0ON                     billion people live in areas where water resources are scarce.
C ROP S                                                      This number is expected to increase to about 5.4 billion over
Crop yields and changes in productivity as a result of climate   the next 25 years. At the same timre, unfortunately, in many
change will vary considerably across regions and amnong   regions of the world a significant amount of water is wasted,
localities, thus changing production patterns. While an   largely through inefficient water managemnent practices,
increase of less than 2 degrees Celsius in the average global   including irrigation.
temperature in the next 100 years would bring some benefits
to the technically advanced countries with temnperate cli-   EF F EC TS  0OF CL I MATEU C HA NGE  0N
mates in the formn of milder winters, extended growing sea-   B I 0 D I V E R S I T Y
sons, and higher yields of some crops, the ability to deal with   Natural ecosystems will suffer from  climate change. The
warming depends heavily on economic resources and access   structure, composition, and geographic distributions of many
to technology. In developing countries, even a mnodest warm-   ecosystems will shift as individual species respond to
ing will mean net losses. In the tropics and subtropics, where   changes in climate, resulting in loss of habitat and species.
some crops are near their maximnum temperature tolerance,   Forests, especially horeal systems, are, vulnerable to projected
ANNUAt REPORT 2000O THE CHA! EFNGE OF CLIMATE CHANCGE PQQY FARMERS AT RISK                                            9



changes in climate. Those changes will affect the composi-    Forest and agricultural soils are potential repositories of
tion and geographic range of forests, as well as their health   carbon and could hold down concentrations of carbon diox-
and productivity. Increased temperatures threaten coral  ide in the atmosphere. Their potential for trapping additional
reefs-the biologically diverse marine ecosystems on which   carbon each year is high if farmers adopt improved manage-
fisheries, coastal protection, and erosion control depend.  ment practices, including agroforestry. According to IPCC
estimates, the potential for carbon sequestration in tropical
CLIMATE CHANGE AND  AGRICULTURE:                            ecosystems by the year 2010 is 125 megatons of carbon a
W H AT C A N  B E D O N E?                                  year for croplands, 170 megatons for forests, and 240 mega-
Carbon dioxide is the leading heat-trapping greenhouse gas.  tons for grazing lands.
Human activities result in some 7 billion tons of carbon in   As an international research organization with a global net-
the form of carbon dioxide annually, with fossil fuel use the   work of research centers and partnerships, the CGIAR is ide-
largest single source. Since the Industrial Revolution, carbon   ally positioned to provide the research backbone, technical
dioxide concentrations have increased by about 30 percent,  advice, and capacity building on the implications of land use,
primarily due to the burning of coal, oil, and natural gas for  land-use change, and forestry management on climate
industry, electricity-generation, and transportation, and, to a   change-and for biodiversity and land degradation in devel-
lesser extent, the oxidation of biomass and decomposition of   oping countries, as well. CGIAR scientists have already made a
soil organic matter from conversion of forests to agriculture.   tremendous contribution in their role as architects of the Green
Agriculture's role in climate change is just starting to be   Revolution that greatly increased food production and helped
recognized. Clearing trees for fields and pastures, transform-   "save" 426 million hectares (nearly 1 billion acres of land)
ing soil into cultivated land, flooding areas for rice and sug-   from use as farmland.
arcane production, burning crop residues, raising ruminant    A new global challenge program that couples advances in
animals, and using nitrogen fertilizers all release greenhouse   agricultural science with research to mitigate climate change
gases into the atmosphere. Global agriculture is now esti-   and adapt agriculture to its anticipated effects could have
mated to account for about 20 percent of total anthropogenic   profound effects on the global environment. That research
emissions of greenhouse gases.                              could focus on development of rice varieties and water-man-
Thus, agriculture plays a significant role in climate   agement practices that reduce methane emissions; crop vari-
change. Cost-effective reductions in greenhouse gases can be   eties that resist higher temperatures, tolerate greater disease
achieved by:                                                and insect pressures, and withstand exposure to drought and
excess water; more efficient use of nitrogen fertilizers; sim-
* Better managing agricultural soils, rangelands, and forests   pler and more accurate ways to measure soil carbon; and
* Improving the efficiency of fertilizer use                farming systems that sequester carbon more effectively.
* Restoring degraded agricultural lands and rangelands        For the world's poorest farmers the global response to cli-
* Improving ruminants' digestion through better feed        mate change could be an enormous opportunity to grow
* Improving rice farming to reduce the amount of methane   higher-yielding crops, healthier animals, and more sustain-
escaping into the atmosphere                             able forests, and improve their livelihoods; for all of us, the
* Slowing deforestation by reducing slash-and-burn agricul-   correct response could protect the environment for future
ture and establishing appropriate tree plantations.      generations.
In Climate Change and the Global Harvest: Potential Impacts
of the Greenhouse Effect on Agriculture, scientists Cynthia
Rosenzweig and Daniel Hillel conclude:
"While environmental policy for agriculture has tradi-
tionally been tied to water quality and soil conservation,
these policies may be expanded to limit emissions of
greenhouse gases-especially carbon dioxide, methane,
and nitrous oxide-from agricultural activities. Further,
policies aimed at encouraging carbon sequestration
through agroforestry may become important for the
industry."
10                                                      VW  CONSUlTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTJRAL RESEARCH



Projected Chaniges in Anniual
Precipitationi for the 2050s
90'N
450N
0-
45cS
900S
1800                        90°W                        00                        90,E   :8Q
-3               -2                 I                0       l                                         3
Precipitation change (mm  day-')
Projectd change in annual
Source: R. Nicholls,                                                                      ;  .0.0
Middlesex Universify in                                                                                      2M*p f  *tIon2T
the U.K. Meteorological
Office. 1997 Climate                                                                     compod wth .the pWeent
Change and Its Impacts:
A Global Perspective.                                                                     day t$b oeI inaaS  i -
* 9fltR*..9atgs conce.o-
tloris ecpilvolnt to- aou a-
0--one perentincras per
yea.in eto  dixie)
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 THE CHALLENGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE POOR FARMERS AT RISK



Crop Yield Change
2020s
~~~ S 
2050s
2080s
-60    -30    -2)    10   -5   -2.5    0    2.5    5        10    2)    30    40
Yield change (%)
14 CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



Projected Changes in Annual
Temperatu res for the 2050s
90°N
455N
900S
1800                      90°W                       0°                       900                       180°
-3          -1             0            1            2            3            4             5           7
Annual mean temperature change (°C)
Source: The Met Office.
Hadley Centre for                                                                 Projected changes in annual
Climote Prediction
and Research                                                                     temperatures for the 2050s
compared with the present
day (with an increase in
greenhouse gas concentra-
tions equivalent to about a
one percent increase per year
in carbon dioxide).
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 TrHE CHALLENGF OF CLIMATE CHANGE POOR FARMERS AT RISK                          13



People at Risk from a 44 cm Sea-Level
Rise by the 2080s
k    CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INT ATIONM AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH311
M CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



Agricultural Research and Climate Change:
Why CGIAR Science Is Relevant to the Needs of Poor Farmers
A     s  evidence mounts that the earth's climate is
becoming warner, the predicted effects of climate
change on developing-country agriculture-for
instance, on the productivity of crops, livestock,
forestry, and fisheries-are of enormous significance to mil-
lions of small farmers, and the ecosystems on which they
depend. In addition, these farmers can help mitigate global t
warming by sequestering carbon in their agricultural sys-
tems. Thus, global climate change is inextricably linked to                        BY PEDRO A. SANCHEZ, CHAIRMAN
the CGIAR's goals of food security, poverty reduction, and      *                  INTER-CENTER WORKING GROUP
environmental protection.                                                          ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Agricultural activities are cited as one of the leading
causes of climate change, contributing some 20 percent of all
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. For the CGIAR, the chal-   U Better models to predict the impact of global climate
lenge of mitigating and adapting to climate change depends  change on tropical crops.
on knowing which ecosystems are at risk, gauging their lev-
els of vulnerability, and knowing how and where the most  The Inter-Center Working Group on Climate Change has
carbon can be sequestered, and emissions of other GHGs   developed a portfolio of 11 research proposals, including
minimized in differing ecosystems. Identifying and closing   mitigation and adaptation components. These include:
such "knowledge gaps" is key to mitigating, and adapting to,
climate change.                                        U Identifying hot spots for carbon removal
To develop a coherent, systemic response to the challenges   U Exploring soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics
posed by climate change, and to enhance agriculture-related   U Measuring soil carbon at the project level
climate change research capacity within the CGLAR, an   U Identifying carbon sequestration potentials in differing
Inter-Center Working Group on Climate Change was estab-   agroecosystems
lished in 1998 under the leadership of the International Cen-   U Increasing nitrogen-use efficiency to reduce nitrous
tre for Research in Agroforestry {ICRAF). CGIAR's climate  oxides emissions to the atmosphere
change-research agenda aims to develop:                 U Studying carbon dynamics during the rehabilitation of
degraded croplands, grasslands, and cleared forests
* Strategies to mitigate the accumulation of greenhouse   U Increasing carbon sequestration and minimizing methane
gases (for instance, by increasing carbon stocks in agro-  and nitrous oxide emissions in rice farming
ecosystems, improving nitrogen-use efficiency and reduc-   U Reducing methane emissions in semi-arid pastoral sys-
ing nitrous oxide emissions, improving water-use effi-    tems
ciency, and promoting increased carbon sequestration   U Building institutional capacities in developing countries
through improved management of croplands, forests, and  on agricultural and climate change
grazing lands)                                       U Pursuing carbon sequestration with a human face: offset
projects based on smallholder farming communities in
* Strategies to adapt to the consequences of climate change  developing countries
(for instance, making crops, livestock, tree species, and   U Conducting ex ante studies of the impact of CGIAR
their husbandry more efficient under changing climatic  research on GHG emissions over the next 25 years.
conditions; integrated gene management for enhancing
germplasm for higher yields and better resistance to abi-   One of the initial studies conducted by the working group
otic and biotic stresses; protection of in situ biodiversity;   was to assess the Green Revolution's impacts on global cli-
and development of tools to cope with erratic water   mate change. The results illustrate the positive effects of
resources)                                           farm intensification on preventing additional global warming.
ANNUAt REPORT 2000 THE CHALLENGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE. POOR FARMERS AT RISK                                  15



During the period from 1965 to 1995, high-yielding Green   million tons of carbon emissions-emissions that are the
Revolution technologies "saved" 426 million hectares of  principal contributor to global warming. Furthermore,
land from being brought under the plow, thereby preventing   CGIAR scientists are working with farmers to minimize burn-
the release of 570 megatons of carbon per year into the   ing of crop residues, with the potential to further reduce
atmosphere. The beneficial effects of Green Revolution tech-   annual carbon emissions by 17 million tons. All these gains
nologies apply to all the "culprit gases" that are responsible   are economic, environmental, and social win-wins.
for global warming. For example, during the period from 1965  The Centers involved in this innovative effort include the
to 1995 carbon dioxide emissions from soil and vegetation   Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de MaPz y Trigo
were estimated at 202 megatons per year, compared to 766   (CIMMYT), the Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP), the
megatons that would have been emitted without the new   International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid
land-saving technology. Similarly, 7 megatons of methane   Tropics (ICRISAT), the International Rice Research Institute
were emitted, compared to 13 megatons of methane that  (IRRI), and the International Water Management Institute
would have been released into the atmosphere without the   (IWMI).
new technology. (There was no difference in the emission of
nitrous oxide with or without the new technology.)      USING  FOREST CARBON  CONTENT FOR
Smallholder fanning is extremely susceptible to the   SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
vagaries of nature. A failed harvest can be a calamitous   Climate change specialists have long agreed that forestry and
event, with severe economic and social repercussions for  land-use changes in the tropics are, on balance, large sources
small farmers. Predictions are that poor countries will be hit  of greenhouse gas emissions. Efforts to reduce these net
hardest by global warming; several CGIAR research pro-   emissions through forest-based mitigation actions have
grams are focused on these vulnerable areas. For instance,  included afforestation and reforestation, reduced-impact log-
CGIAR crop improvement programs are now incorporating   ging, forest conservation, and improved forest management.
the predicted future climates at key locations in their   Another Future Harvest Center, the Center for International
research programs. The following examples illustrate aspects  Forestry Research (CIFOR), has been working on the man-
of this work.                                           agement and use of forests to either sequester carbon or to
reduce emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.
REDUCED  TILL AGE IN  RICE - WHEAT                      Forests have much higher forest carbon stocks than most non-
ROTATIONS  CAN  SAVE  LARGE                             forested land uses, and can be either significant sinks or
AMOUNTS OF CARBON  EMISSIONS IN                         sources of greenhouse gases. Clearing a tropical forest for
T H E I N D O - G A N G E T I C  P L A I N S            conversion to agriculture or agroforestry releases hundreds of
Under the aegis of an innovative program entitled the "Rice-  tons of carbon into the
Wheat Consortium for the Indo-Gangetic Plains," five Future   atmosphere-and    in
Harvest Centers supported by the CGIAR are working with   many ways has the same
the national agricultural research programs of Bangladesh,   atmospheric effects as
India, Nepal, and Pakistan to investigate how low and   the combustion of fossil
reduced tillage practices in rice-wheat rotations can maxi-  fuels. CIFOR scientists
mize yields, conserve soil and water, and contribute to the   are measuring potential
slowing of global warming.                              carbon gains, either from
The area under study (the Indo-Gangetic Plains) is the   avoided deforestation or
most intensely cropped agricultural land in the world,
and a source of food and livelihood for nearly 1 bil-  Vt   t
lion people, many among the poorest of the poor in
South Asia.
The potential beneficial results from some simple
changes in land management are compelling. Wide-
spread adoption of one or several reduced-tillage
methods could annually save irrigation water (as
much as 5 billion cubic meters) and diesel fuel (0.5 bil-
lion liters), and reduce pesticide use significantly. The fuel
savings alone would represent an annual reduction of 1.3
16                                                  4   CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



from planting trees in climate-action projects, and are evalu-   mitigation measures, and counter the effects of global warn-
ating the social and enivironmental impacts of these projects.  ing on farming communities and urban food supplies. Mark-
Their research also focuses on the opportunities and risks to   Sim draws on long-term input from 9,200 weather stations
local communities, a major concern of environmental groups   around the world; comprehensive testing shows MarkSim can
and governments. Preliminary results from this work have   deliver robust results., even for those areas where weather
been presented as policy briefs which help to inform public   data have not been collected.
policymakers about the need to increase economic opportu-   MarkSim  is showing considerable promise in mapping
nities for local communities, and to protect the livelihoods of  yield probability of staple crops. As part of a case study in
people in areas where such projects would be implemented.   quantifying the effects of global climate change on tropical
agriculture, scientists from CIAT and ILRI applied MarkSim
AGROFORESTRY-THE TOP  CARBON                              in combination with two other well-known classes of com-
SEQUESTRATION  PRACTICE                                   puter models. The results follow.
Another promising area of CGIAR research is transforming    First, the results froni the Hadley General Circulation
low-productivity croplands to agroforestry systems. This   model (which conservatively predicts average temperatures
effort, led by ICRAF, is demonstrating how conversion of  in the tropics to rise 3 degrees Celsius over the next 30 years)
unproductive croplands and grasslands to agroforestry has   were matched with simulated weather data from MarkSim for
the highest potential to soak up maximum amounts of atmos-  southern Africa (including Zimbabwe and most of Mozam-
pheric carbon-at rates on the order of 3 tons of carbon per   bique and Namibia). Next, the results were fed into reliable
hectare per year. This conversion occurs in the process of   crop models to simulate the weather effects on maize and
replenishing the soil fertility of smallholder farms in Sub-   pasture growth in the targeted region. The picture that
Saharan Africa, and in implementing tree-based alternatives   emerged from preliminary modeling results depicts increas-
to slash-and-burn agriculture at the margins of the humid  ingly risky agriculture, with dire consequences for small
tropical forests worldwide. The potential contribution of con-   farmers. In most areas, the model predicted marked
verting degraded croplands and grasslands into agroforestry   decreases in the yields and yield-stability of maize and pas-
systems is predicted to be 390 million metric tons of carbon   tures. The modeling exercise has potential applications to all
per year by the year 2010.                                CGIAR-mandate crops.
While other approaches have been able to discern these
PREDICTING  THE IMPACT OF GLOBAL                          downward trends in yields, the CIAT and ILRI approach-
C L I M AT E C H A N G E O N  T R O P I C A L             unique in its ability to interpolate daily weather data-estab-
A G R I C U L T U R E                                     lishes the future probability of dry spells that can adversely
Scientists at two Future Harvest Centers-the Centro Inter-  affect yields, and, ultimately, human well-being. The chal-
nacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) and the Interna-  lenge will be to incorporate information and output from tools
tional Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)-have developed   such as MarkSim into long-term planning of agricultural
and tested a new   research and development aimed at providing farmers with
approach for pre-   new options for coping with climate change.
dicting the impacts   As the above examples show, global climate change is
V      s 2                  of global climate  inexorably linked to the CGIAR's goals of food security,
change on specific   poverty reduction, and environmental protection. As a strate-
_r --           |  | | | l      9        i    crops grown in the   gic, knowledge-intensive organization, the CGIAR has a
tropics. MarkSim,   major responsibility to bring the drivers of global climate
a new  software   change into the agricultural research and capacity-building
package that uses   agenda. Ultimately, the developing countries that bear a dis-
a Markov rainfall  proportionate burden of the negative effects of global climate
model to simulate   change will benefit.
weather data, can
predict day-by-
day rainfall and
temperature information for any point in Africa, Asia, or
Latin America. Agricultural decisionmakers in those three
continents will be able to use MarkSim output to better plan
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 THE CHALLENGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE POOR FARMERS AT RISK                                        17



About the CGIAR-Supported Future Harvest Centers
Founded: 1 993                            Turkey; Montevideo, Uruguay; Harare,
U     V -   ([l2(i:¢Joined the CGIAR: 1993                               Zimbabwe.
FPcentrolntemocionaldeAgrcultura Tropical  Regional Offices: Belem-Para, Brazil;  Focus: CIMMYT is an international, non-
anternational Center for Tropical Agriculture
Harare, Zimbabwe; Yaounde, Cameroon;    profit, agricultural research and training
CIAT-Centro Internacional de               Costa Rica.                               center dedicated to helping the poor in
Agricultura Tropical                       Focus: CIFOR was established in 1 993 as    low-income countries. CIMMYT helps allevi-
(International Center for Tropical         part of the Consultative Group on Interna-    ate poverty by increasing the profitability,
Agriculture)                               tional Agricultural Research (CGIAR) in    productivity, and sustainability of maize
www.cgiar.org/ciat                         response to global concerns about the     and wheat farming systems. Work concen-
Headquarters: Cali, Colombia              social, environmental, and economic conse-  trates on maize and wheat, two crops
Director General: Joachim Voss            quences of forest loss and degradation.    vitally important to food security. These
Board Chair: Lauritz B. Holm-Nielsen      CIFOR research produces knowledge and      crops provide about one-fourth of the total
Founded: 1967                             methods needed to improve the well-being    food calories consumed in low-income
Joined the CGIAR: 1971                     of forest-dependent people, and to help   countries, are critical staples for poor peo-
Regional Offices: Quito, Ecuador; Awassa,   tropical countries manage their forests   ple, and are an important source of income
Ethiopia; Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Nairobi,   wisely for sustained benefits. This research    for poor farmers.
Kenya; Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic   takes place in more than two dozen coun-
Republic; Lilongwe, Malawi;  Managua,    tries, in collaboration with numerous part-
Nicaragua; Pucallpa, Peru; Arusha, Tanza-   ners. Since its founding, CIFOR has also
nia; Bangkok, Thailand; Kampala,           played a central role in influencing global
Uganda.                                   and national forestry policies.
Focus: To reduce hunger and poverty
in the tropics through collaborative                                                 CIP-Centro Internocional de la Papa
research that improves agricultural produc-                                          (International Potato Center)
tivity and natural resource management.                                              vww.cipotato.org
Research focuses on developing germplasm   C I M  MY T                               Headquarters: Lima, Peru
of beans, cassava, and tropical forages   CIMMYT-Centro Internocional de             Director General: Hubert Zandstra
worldwide and of rice in tropical America    Mejoramiento de Ma;z y Trigo             Board Chair: David R. MacKenzie
and on improving natural resource man-    (International Maize and Wheat             Founded: 1971
agement in tropical American hillsides, for-   Improvement Center)                   Joined the CGIAR: 1973
est margins, and savannas as well as East    www.cimmyt.mx                            Regional Offices: Quito, Ecuador; Nairobi,
African midaltitudes and Southeast Asian   Headquarters: Mexico City, Mexico          Kenya; Kampala, Uganda; New Delhi,
uplands.                                   Director General: Timothy Reeves          India; Islamabad, Pakistan; Bogor, Indone-
Board Chair: Alex McCalla                 sia; Los Banos, Philippines; Beijing, China;
Founded: 1966                              Hanoi, Vietnam.
Joined the CGIAR: 1971                     Focus: The International Potato Center
RNR    l                        aar,ov;e ,hnCl                           fosutoauaebsRegional Offices: Dhaka, Bangladesh;  (CIP) seeks to reduce poverty and achieve
~~~11- ~~~~Santa Cruz, Bolivia; Beijing, China; Cali,    food security on a sustained basis in
CIFOR-Center for International             Colombia; San Jose, Costa Rica; Addis      developing countries through scientific
Forestry Research                         Ababa, Ethiopia; Guatemala, Guatemala;    research and related activities on potato,
www.cgicr.org/cifor                        New Delhi, India; Almaty, Kazakhstan;      sweet potato, and other root and tuber
Headquarters: Bogor, Indonesia             Nairobi, Kenya; Kathmandu, Nepal; Metro   crops, and on the improved management
Director General: Jeffrey A. Sayer        Manila, Philippines; Aleppo, Syrian Arab   of natural resources in the Andes and
Board Chair: Jagmohan S. Maini             Republic; Bangkok, Thailand; Ankara,      other mountain areas.
Is                                                          4    CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



ICLARM                                        |CRAF
ICARDA-International Center for          ICLARM-International Center               ICRAF-International Centre for
Agricultural Reseach in the Dry          for Living Aquatic Resources              Research in Agroforestry
Areas                                    Management                                www.icraf.cgiar.org
www.icarda.cgiar.org                     vvww.iclarm.cgiar.org                     Headquarters: Nairobi, Kenya
Headquarters: Aleppo, Syrian Arab        Headquarters: Penang, Malaysia            Director General: Pedro A. Sanchez
Republic                                 Director General: Meryl J. Williams       Board Chair: Lucie Edwards
Director General: Adel El-Beltagy        Board Chair: Kurt J. Peters               Founded: 1977
Board Chair: Robert D. Havener           Founded: 1977                             Joined the CGIAR: 1991
Founded: 1977                            Joined the CGIAR: 1992                    Regional Offices: Nairobi, Kenya; Pucallpa,
Joined the CGIAR: 1978                   Regional Offices: Dhaka, Bangladesh;      Peru; Bamako, Mali; Bogor, Indonesia;
Regional Offices: Damascus, Syrian       Zomba, Malawi; Tortola, British Virgin    Harare, Zimbabwe.
Arab Republic; Beirut, Lebanon;          Islands; Giza, Arab Republic of Egypt; Los   Focus: To conduct innovative research and
Cairo, Arab Republic of Egypt;            Banos, Philippines; Nha Trang, Vietnam;  development in agroforestry, strengthen the
Tunis, Tunisia; Rabot, Morocco;          Nusa Tupe, Solomon Islands; Yaounde,      capacity of our partners, enhance world-
Amman, Jordan; Ankara, Turkey;           Cameroon.                                 wide recognition of the human and environ-
Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran;        Focus: To promote sustainable development   mental benefits of agroforestry, and pro-
Dubai, United Arab Emirates;             and use of living aquatic resources       vide scientific leadership in the field of
Dhamar, Republic of Yemen; Lima,         based on environmentally sound manage-  integrated natural resource management.
Peru; Tashkent, Uzbekistan.              ment. About 1 billion people rely on fish   ICRAF will do this by combining the best of
Focus: ICARDA serves the entire          as a source of animal protein, and 150    science with farmers' knowledge in a wide
developing world for the improvement of  million people depend on fish for         range of strategic alliances across the
lentil, barley, and faba beans; all      employment. There are 80 or 90 million    research-development continuum.
dry-area developing countries for        more people in the world every year to
the improvement of on-farm water-        be fed, most of them in poor and devel-
use efficiency, rangeland, and small-    oping countries. Natural fish stocks are
ruminant production; and the West        being severely depleted and are under
and Central Asia, and North Africa       serious threat. Many forms of aquaculture
regions for the improvement of           have yet to prove their sustainability and
bread and durum wheat, chickpea,         become accessible to the poor. The
and farming systems. ICARDA's            declining state of aquatic resources and
research provides global benefits of     threatened sustainability of fisheries calls
poverty alleviation through              for research to raise and sustain the pro-
productivity improvements integrated     ductivity of fisheries and aquaculture sys-
with sustainable natural resource        tems, protect the aquatic environment,
management practices. ICARDA             save aquatic biodiversity, improve poli-
meets this challenge through research,   cies for sustainable development of
training, and dissemination of information,   aquatic resources, and strengthen the
in partnership with national agricultural  capacity of national programs to support
research and development systems.        sustainable development.
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 THE CHALLENGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE. POOR FARMERS AT RISK                                               19



Director General: Per Pinstrup-Andersen
Board Chair: Geoff Miller                 IL R         I
Founded: 1975
Joined the CGIAR: 1980                    1-IVFSTOCK RESEARCH
ICRISAT-International Crops               Focus: To identify and analyze policies for    I
Research Institute for the                sustainably meeting the food needs of the  ILRI-International Livestock
Semi-Arid Tropics                         developing world. Research at IFPRI con-  Research Institute
www.icrisat.cgiar.org                     centrates on economic growth and poverty    www.cgiar.org/ilri
Headquarters: Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh,  alleviation in low-income countries,     Headquarters: Nairobi, Kenya; Addis
India                                    improvement of the well-being of poor peo-   Ababa, Ethiopia
Director General: William D. Dar          ple, and sound management of the natural   Director General: Hank Fitzhugh
Board Chair: Martha B. Stone              resource base that supports agriculture.  Board Chair: John E. Vercoe
Founded: 1972                             IFPRI seeks to make its research results  Founded: 1995
Joined the CGIAR: 1972                    available to all those in a position to use  Joined the CGIAR: 1995
Regional Offices: Niamey, Niger; Bamako,   them and to strengthen institutions in devel-   Regional Offices: Ibadan, Nigeria; Lima,
Mali; Kano, Nigeria; Bulawayo, Zim-       oping countries that conduct research rele-    Peru; Cali, Colombia; Niamey, Niger;
babwe; Nairobi, Kenya; Lilongwe, Malawi;  vant to its mandate.                      Andhra Pradesh, India; Bobo-Dioulasso,
New Delhi, India.                                                                   Burkina Faso; Makati City, Philippines.
Focus: To help developing countries apply                                           Focus: To increase animal health, nutrition,
science to increase crop productivity and                                           and productivity, and to protect environments
food security, reduce poverty, and protect                  V                       supporting animal production by tailoring
the environment. ICRISAT focuses on the                                             production systems and developing tech-
farming systems of the semi-arid tropical  IITA-International Institute of          nologies that are sustainable over the long
areas of the developing world, where low  Tropical Agriculture                      term. ILRI works to characterize and con-
rainfall is the major environmental con-  www.iita.org                              serve the genetic diversity of indigenous
straint to agriculture. Special emphasis is  Headquarters: Ibadan, Nigeria          tropical forage species and livestock breeds
placed on five crops that are particularly  Director General: Lukas Brader          and to promote equitable and sustainable
important in the diets of the poor: sorghum,   Board Chair: Enrico Porceddu         national policies for animal agriculture and
millet, groundnut, chickpea, and pigeon-  Founded: 1967                             related natural resource management.
pea. ICRISAT forms research partnerships  Joined the CGIAR: 1971
with governmental, nongovernmental, and   Regional offices: Kano and Onne, Nigeria;
private sector organizations in developing    Cotonou, Benin; Yaounde, Cameroon;
countries, and links these purtners to     Namulonge, Uganda. th f
advonced research institutions worldwide.    Focus: To enhance the food securityd
ICRISAT's vision is "Science with a Human    income, and well-being of resource-poor  IP      R
Face," tailoring research to address real  people (primarily in the humid and subhu-    IPGRI-International Plant Genetic
human needs across the semi-arid tropics.    mid zones of Sub-Saharan Africa) by con-    Resources Institute
ducting research and related activities to  www.ipgri.cgiar.org
increase agricultural production, improve  Headquarters: Rome, Italy
food systems, and sustainably manage nat-   Director General: Geoffrey C. Hawtin
I                                         ural resources in partnership with national    Board Chair: Marcio de Miranda Santos
FPRI                                   and international stakeholders. IITA under-    Founded: 1974
takes crop improvement activities on cas-  Joined the CGIAR: 1974
IFPRI-International Food Policy           sova, yam, soybean, cowpea, maize, plan-   Regional Offices: Nairobi, Kenya; Cotonou,
Research Institute                        tain, and banana. The Institute pays      Benin; Cali, Colombia; Serdang, Malaysia;
www.ifpri.cgior.org                       attention to low external input strategies  Beijing, China; New Delhi, India; Aleppo,
Headquarters: Washington, D.C., United    and other alternatives to shifting cultivation,   Syrian Arab Republic; Rome, Italy; Ibodan,
States of America                         and works actively on the biological control   Nigeria; Lima, Peru; Niamey, Niger;
20                                                         4     CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



Andhra Pradesh, India; Bobo-Dioulasso,      @                                       ronment. The Institute's research program is
Burkina Faso; Makati City, Philippines.             s                               put into action through a network of
Focus: IPGRI and its partners conserve and                                          regional offices in Africa and Asia. This
use the genetic variation in plants to create   ISNAR-International Service for     work is complemented by a series of Bench-
crop varieties that are more productive,  National Agricultural Research            mark Basins that serve as IWMI's field labo-
stronger, and more nutritious. These vari-  www.cgiar.org/isnar                     ratories. River basins in Sri Lanka, Pakistan,
eties contribute to better agriculture that  Headquarters: The Hague, Netherlands   and southern Africa have been identified as
can help sustain our families, build prosper-   Director General: Stein W. Bie     the first Benchmark Basins. Others will be
ity, improve our health, and renew the    Board Chair: Moise C. Mensah              selected over the coming five years. A prior-
earth.                                    Founded: 1979                             ity for the Institute is to do action research,
Joined the CGIAR: 1980                    much of which can be translated into practi-
Regional Offices: San Jos6, Costa Rica;   cal advice and tools that partners and
Washington, D.C., United States of        developing countries can use to better
America; Ibadan, Nigeria; Los Banos,      understand their water and land situations.
IRRI-International Rice Research          Philippines.
Institute                                 Focus: To enhance the capacity of agricul-
www.irri.cgiar.org                        tural research organizations to respond to
Headquarters: Los Baios, Philippines      their clients' needs and to emerging chal-
Director General: Ronald P. Cantrell     lenges. To expand global knowledge on
Board Chair: Roelof Rabbinge              agricultural research policy, organization,
Founded: 1 960                            and management. To improve developing     WARDA-West Africa Rice
Joined the CGIAR: 1971                    countries' access to knowledge on agricul-    Development Association
Regional Offices: Dhaka, Bangladesh;     tural research policy, organization, and   www.warda.cgiar.org
Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Beijing, China;     management.                               Headquarters: Bouake, Cote d'lvoire
New Delhi, India; Bogor, Indonesia;                                                 Director General: Kanayo F. Nwanze
Ibaraki, Japan; Vientiane, Lao People's                                             Board Chair: Lindsay Innes
Democratic Republic; Antananarivo and                                               Founded: 1970
Mahajanga, Madagascar; Yangon, Myan-          -                                     Joined the CGIAR: 1975
mar; Bangkok and Ubon Ratchathani, Thai-  IWMI-International Water                  Regional Offices: St. Louis, Senegal;
land; and Hanoi, Vietnam.                 Management Institute                      Ibadan, Nigeria.
Focus: To improve the well-being of low-  www.cgiar.org/iwmi                        Focus: WARDA's mission is to contribute to
income rice producers and consumers by    Headquarters: Battaramulla, Sri Lanka     food security and poverty alleviation in
generating and disseminating rice-related  Director General: Frank Rilsberman       poor rural and urban populations, particu-
knowledge and technology while conserv-    Board Chair: Klaas Jan Beek             larly in West and central Africa, through
ing the natural resource base, taking full  Founded: 1984                           research, partnerships, capacity strength-
advantage of the advancement of science    Joined the CGIAR: 1991                   ening, and policy support on rice-based
to address emerging development con-      Regional Offices: Battaramulla, Sri Lanka;    systems, and in ways that promote sustain-
cerns, and to build a stronger linkage of  Bangkok, Thailand; Lahore, Pakistan; Preto-   able agricultural development based on
IRRI's research with its outreach staff as  ria, South Africa; and India.           environmentally sound management of
well as with national agricultural research  Focus: Improving water and land resource    natural resources. To achieve this,
and extension systems to fast-track impact.    management for food, livelihoods, and  WARDA aims at three complementary
nature. The Institute's research is done  ecological goals: (ij stabilization and
through five themes: Integrated Water Man-  intensification of rainfed upland rice-
agement for Agriculture; Sustainable Small-   based systems; (ii) diversification and
holder Water and Land Management Sys-   intensification of rainfed lowland rice-
tems; Sustainable Groundwater             based systems; and (iii) improving
Management; Water Resources Institutions    resource use efficiency in irrigated
and Policies; and Water, Health, and Envi-   rice-based systems.
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 THE CHALLENGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE: POOR FARMERS AT RISK                                                 21



'ANI
44                                        4~~~~~~~~~~~,
I                                                  4                            Y  



Table of Contents CGIAR Financial Report 2000
OVERVIEW: 29 YEARS OF CGIAR INVESTMENT
(1972-2000)                                                     27
FINANCIAL REPORT 2000                                             28
Introduction                                                    28
Overall Financial Outcome                                       28
Composition of Funding                                          28
Sources of Funding                                              28
Program Investments                                             28
Center Highlights                                               28
Co-Sponsor Support                                              29
Financial Position                                              29
2000 CGIAR FUNDING                                                33
CGIAR Contributions                                             33
Evolution of 2000 Support to the Approved Research Agenda       33
Overall Financial Outcome                                       34
Contribution Profile                                            34
Disbursements                                                    36
Center Perspective                                              39
Funding Modalities                                              41
Unrestricted Support                                            41
Restricted Support                                              41
Co-Sponsor Support                                              41
World Bank Support                                              41
AGENDA RESOURCES                                                  44
Allocation of Resources                                         44
By Undertaking                                                  44
By Region                                                       44
By Object of Expenditure                                        44
Cost Changes                                                    45
CGIAR Investments over 29 Years                                 45
FINANCIAL POSITION                                                50
Net Assets                                                       50
Unappropriated Net Assets                                       53
Appropriated Net Assets                                          53
Net Fixed Assets                                                53
Capital Purchase Fund                                           53
Liquidity                                                       53
Current Ratio                                                   56
Working Capital                                                 56
COMPLIANCE WITH FINANCIAL GUIDELINES  58
Acronyms and Abbreviations                                         26
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 F NANC AL REPORT                                                                             23



Table of Figures, Tables, and Boxes
Figure 1    CGIAR funding, 1996-2000                        33
Figure 2    Agenda contributions by Member group, 1999-2000    34
Figure 3    Contributions by Center and Member group, 2000  35
Figure 4    Top 13 contributors, 2000                       37
Figure 5    Center support by top 13 contributors, 2000     37
Figure 6    Disbursement of funds, 2000                     38
Figure 7    Funding by Center, 2000                         38
Figure 8    Funding outcomes vs. financing plans, 2000      39
Figure 9    Changes in Center funding, 1999-2000            40
Figure 10   Agenda funding by funding type, 2000            40
Figure 11   Distribution of World Bank support, 2000        42
Figure 12a  Investments in CGIAR undertakings, 2000         45
Figure 12b  Center investments in increasing productivity   46
Figure 12c  Center investments in protecting the environment  46
Figure 12d  Center investments in saving biodiversity       47
Figure 12e  Center investments in improving policies        47
Figure 12f  Center investments in strengthening NARS        48
Figure 13   CGIAR allocations by developing region, 2000    49
Figure 14   CGIAR expenditure by object, 2000               49
Figure 15   Net assets by Center, 2000                      50
Figure 16   Unappropriated net assets by Center, 2000        51
Figure 17   Net fixed assets by Center, 2000                51
Figure 18   Capital purchase fund by Center, 2000           54
Figure 19   Member receivables by Center, 2000              54
Figure 20   CGIAR System current ratio, 1996-2000           55
Figure 21   Working capital by Center, 1999-2000            55
Box 1      Annual Financial Decisionmaking Process and Schedule 31
Box 2      Financial Concepts and Terminology               32
Table 1    CGIAR Financial Highlights, 1996-2000            30
Table 2    Contributions by Other Donors, 1999 and 2000     36
Table 3    Allocation of World Bank Funding, 1999-2000      43
Table 4    CGIAR System Financial Position, 1996-2000        52
24                                                 4pCONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



ANNEX TABLES
Table A1.1  CGIAR Contributionis to the Approved Research Agenda by Member, 1972-2000  59
Table A1.2  CGIAR Contributions to the Approved Research Agenda by Center, 1972-2000   60
Table A2.1  Ranking Contributions to the CGIAR Research Agenda, 1997-2000              61
Table A2.2  CGIAR Funding by Member, 2000                                              62
Table A2.3a Support to the Agreed Research Agenda by Member by Center, 2000            63
Table A2.3b Member Support to the Approved Research Agenda by Center, 2000             64
Table A2.4a Monthly Disbursement of Funding by Member, 2000                            65
Table A2.4b Member Contributions Disbursed through the World Bank, 1999-2000           66
Table A2.5  CGIAR Funding by Center, 2000                                              67
Table A2.6  Funding Outcome by Center, 2000                                            68
Table A2.7  CGIAR System Grants by Center, 1996-2000                                   69
Table A2.8  World Bank Funding by Center, 1996-2000                                    70
Table A3.1  CGIAR Investments by Center, 1996-2000                                     71
Table A3.2  CGIAR Research Agenda Investments by Activity, 1996-2000                   72
Table A3.3  Centers' Research Agenda Investments by Activity, 2000                     73
Table A3.4  Regional Allocations, 2000                                                 74
Table A3.5  CGIAR Object Expenditures, 2000                                            75
Table A3.6  CGIAR Staffing, 1996-2000                                                  76
Table A3.7  Centers' Inflation Rates, 1996-2000                                        77
Table A4.1  Centers' Financial Positions, 2000                                         78
Table A4.2  Capital Investments by Centers, 1996-2000                                  79
Table A5.1  CGIAR Total Investments, 1972-2000                                         80
Table A5.2  CGIAR Total Expenditures and Sources of Revenue, 1991-2000                 81
Table A6.1  CGIAR Program and Research Highlights, 1996-2000                           82
Table A6.2  CIAT Program and Research Highlights, 1996-2000                            83
Table A6.3  CIFOR Program and Research Highlights, 1996-2000                           84
Table A6.4  CIMMYT Program and Research Highlights, 1996-2000                          85
Table A6.5  CIP Program and Research Highlights, 1996-2000                             86
Table A6.6  ICARDA Program and Research Highlights, 1996-2000                          87
Table A6.7  ICLARM Program and Research Highlights, 1996-2000                          88
Table A6.8  ICRAF Program and Research Highlights, 1996-2000                           89
Table A6.9  ICRISAT Program and Research Highlights, 1996-2000                         90
Table A6.10 IFPRI Program and Research Highlights, 1996-2000                           91
Table A6.11 IITA Program and Research Highlights, 1996-2000                            92
Table A6.12 ILRI Program and Research Highlights, 1996-2000                            93
Table A6.13 IPGRI Program and Research Highlights, 1996-2000                           94
Table A6.14 IRRI Program and Research Highlights, 1996-2000                            95
Table A6.15 ISNAR Program and Research Highlights, 1996-2000                           96
Table A6.16 IWMI Program and Research Highlights, 1996-2000                            97
Table A6.17 WARDA Program and Research Highlights, 1996-2000                           98
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 FiNANCIAL REPORT                                                                   25



Acronyms and Abbreviations
ADB       Asian Development Bank
AFDB      African Development Bank
ASB       Alternatives to Slash and Burn
CGIAR    Consultative Group on International Agricultural
Research
DAC       Development Assistance Committee (OECD)
EC        European Commission
FAO       Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations
GHG       Greenhouse gases
GNP       Gross national product
HIV/AIDS Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired
immune deficiency syndrome
ICW       International Centers Week (CGIAR)
IDRC      International Development Research Centre
IFAD      International Fund for Agricultural Development
IMF       International Monetary Fund
IPCC      Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPM       Integrated Pest Management
MTM       Mid-Term Meeting (CGIAR)
MTP       Medium-term plan (CGIAR)
NARS      National agricultural research system(s)
NGO       Nongovernmental organization
ODA       Official Development Assistance
OECD      Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development
PwC       Pricewaterhouse Coopers
SGRP      Systemwide Genetic Resources Program
SPIA      Standing Panel on Impact Assessment
TAC       Technical Advisory Committee (CGIAR)
TIGR      The Institute for Genomic Research
UNDP    United Nations Development Programme
USAID    United States Agency for International
Development
26                                                    40CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



Overview: 29 Years of CGIAR Investment (1 972-2000)
This 29-year time series analysis of CGIAR investments con-   Recent trends in total production sector and commodity
firms expected trends and reveals some less obvious patterns   investments confirm  that natural resource management
as well.                                                increasingly has become a focus of CGIAR activity. By far
the largest commodity group has been cereals, which
As expected, the oldest Centers account for the largest share   accounts for 45 percent of commodity-sector investments. Of
of the total $6.3 billion invested. On the high end, IRRI and   that group, rice has accounted for nearly half of the invest-
IITA account for 13 percent and 12 percent of the total,   ment-$ 1. I billion (20 percent overall). Wheat and moize
respectively. CIAT and CIMMYT each account for 11 percent  each accounted for about $0.5 billion (9 percent). In 2000,
of the total. ICRISAT and ILRI, the livestock enterprise, and its  cereal expenditures remained at 39 percent. Legumes and
predecessors ILCA and ILRAD, each account for 10 percent  roots, or tubers, each accounted for 15 percent to 1 6 per-
of the total; ICARDA and CIP account for 8 percent and 7   cent of commodity-sector investments; these shares have var-
percent, respectively. The remaining eight Centers together  ied little. In the production sectors, the share of investments
account for 1 8 percent of investment. At the Center level,  in crops and livestock has been falling, while that in forestry
investment levels have stabilized.                      and fisheries has been climbing.
Increasing productivity has been the largest component,  Sub-Saharan Africa has received the largest regional share
totaling 54 percent overall. Since the early 1 990s, however,  of investments, accounting for $2.6 billion (42 percent of
this undertaking has been receiving a smaller proportion of  total expenditure). That share has been fairly constant over
funds, so that by 2000 it accounted for only 36 percent of  time. Investments in Asia, mainly in crops, have been $1.9
all investments. An increasing share of funding has been   billion (30 percent). If the majority of investments in livestock
directed to environmental, biodiversity, and policy undertak-   are subtracted from the CGIAR's total investments in Africa,
ings. Of interest, and perhaps of some surprise, is the steady   crop investments in Africa approximately equal those in Asia
investment, totaling 21 percent overall, in strengthening of   during the 29-year period.
NARS.
Object-of-expenditure data reveal two interesting trends.
First, investments in CGIAR capital assets were relatively
much higher in the early years, when the Centers' physical
plants were established. But as a share of total investment,
these investments have decreased from 24 percent in the first
five-year period to 5 percent (represented by depreciation)
in 2000. Second, personnel costs decreased from 55 per-
cent of the total expenditure in the mid-i 980s to 49 percent
in 2000. This percentage reduction is significant in dollar
terms because of the large overall share of personnel costs
q                    ($3.3 billion).
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 FINANCIAL REPORT                                                                         27



Financial Report 2000
Introduction                                          PROGRAM INVESTMENTS
Program investments in 2000 were $338 million, a decrease
The funding goal forof $9 million (3 percent) from   999. Distribution of
approved at ICW99: $340 million. CGIAR Members con-sistent with the 2000-
tributed $331 million-$9 million (3 percent) less than the
approved funding goal hut $1 million more than actual fund-  financing plan. Efforts to increase productivity, the major
ing of $330 million for 1999. The primary reason for the  thrust of CGIAR activities, accounted for 36 percent of total
shortfall was the reduced dollar value of contributions aris-  investments (up from 34 percent in 1999). Within this under-
ing from weaker European currencies.                  taking, crops accounted for 71 percent of investment, live-
stock for 13 percent, forestry for 12 percent, and fisheries for
OVERALL FINANCIAL OUTCOME                             4 percent. Within increasing productivity, investments in
Member funding of $331 million, Center-generated income   germplasm enhancement and in production systems develop-
of $14 million, and extraordinary European Commission   ment increased marginally. Investment in protecting the
(EC) relief funding of $5 million ($2 million from reserves;  environment accounted for 18 percent of total investment
and $3 million in an advance of 2001 funding) totaled $350   (down  from  20  percent in 1999). Investment in policy
mllion in funding to Centers. Eighteen percent of this con-
tribution remained unpaid by the end of the year, however,  ment in biodiversity preservation remained at 10 percen t
forcing Centers to curtail expenditures. Total expenditures   In  percentt
in 2000 were $338 million. The resulting surplus of $12   22 percn t.
milio  relnse  th.ytm'ageaeuaporae                     In 2000, there were no changes in investment by region.
millilon replenished the Systems' aggregate unappropriated   Su-aaa    fia   sa Ws   saadNrhArc
net assets that had been depleted by $7 million in 1999   Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, West Asia and North Afric
because of the funding default. Included in the $12 million   (WANA), and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)
surplus is an advance of $3 million of 2001 income and a   accounted for 42 percent, 32 percent, 17 percent, and 9 per-
transfer of $2 million from System  reserves to Center  cent of total investment, respectively.
reserves.                                               The trend of lower expenditures for personnel costs con-
tinued. In 2000, personnel expenditures decreased to 49 per-
COMPOSITION  OF FUNDING                               cent of total expenditures from 50 percent in 1999. In
In 2000, unrestricted support was 50 percent ($164 million)   absolute terms, these expenditures decreased from $172 mil-
of total support, compared with 54 percent ($179 million) in  lion in 1999 to $164 million in 2000. In percentage terms,
1999. Restricted support was $167 million (50 percent) of  they represent a 7 percent decrease from the 1994-95 aver-
total Member funding, compared with $151 million (46 per-  age of 56 percent.
cent) in 1999.
CENTER HIGHLIGHTS
S O     U R C E   O 0 F F U N D I N G                 Funding for four Centers was at or above levels approved at
The total CGIAR Membership was 58, of which the number  ICW99. They were CIMMYT, $4.9 million (up 15 percent);
of contributing Members was 55. Uganda was a new contrib-  IRRI, $3.8 million (up 13 percent); CIP, $2.5 million (up 14
utor in 2000.                                         percent); and CIFOR, $0.2 million (up 2 percent).
Industrialized countries provided $225 million (68 per-    Funding for eight Centers was within 10 percent of, and
cent) of total support in 2000. This figure was in line with the  thus broadly in line with, financing plan targets: ICARDA,
1999 amount of $226 million (68 percent) of the total. Inter-  $0.3 million (down 1 percent); ICRAF, $1.1 million (down 5
national organizations and foundations contributed $73 mil-  percent); ICRISAT, $1.4 million (down 6 percent); IPGRI,
lion or 22 percent (1999: $74 million or 22 percent), and   $1.4 million (down 6 percent); ISNAR, $0.7 million, (down
developing countries and other donors contributed the   7 percent); IFPRI, $1.8 million (down 8 percent); CIAT, $3.2
remaining $33 million or 10 percent (1999: $30 million or  million (down 10 percent); and IITA $3.1 million (down 10
10 percent).                                          percent).
28                                                 i; CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAt RESEARCH



Funding for the four remaining Centers was 10 percent or  of 2000 were $203 million (1999: $263 million). The
more outside their financing plan targets: IWMI, $1.3 mil-  decrease in net assets is primarily explained by the write-
lion (down 13 percent); ICLARM, $2.5 million (down 17   down of $74 million in fixed assets following a change in
percent); ILRI, $4.9 million (down 17 percent) and   accounting policy. Therefore the decrease represents a book
WARDA, $3.7 million (down 31 percent). These shortfalls   movement.
primarily reflect lower-than-expected funding from other  Net assets are made up of $62 million (1999: $44 million)
CGIAR investors and slower-than-planned project imple-  in unappropriated net assets and $141 million (1999: $219
mentation.                                             million) in appropriated net assets. Appropriated net assets
can be further subdivided into capital invested in fixed
C O - S P O N S O R S U P P O R T                      assets ($98 million) and funds set aside by Centers for the
The World Bank contributed $45 million to the CGIAR   acquisition of fixed assets ($43 million).
research program in 2000. Bank support amounted to 14    Cash and cash-equivalent balances equaled $177 million
percent of total CGIAR support. In addition, the Bank   at the end of 2000 (1999: $212 million). This figure includes
funded the annual operating costs of the CGIAR Secretariat   $26 million in cash and investments disclosed under long-
($4.25 million) and contributed $0.75 million to TAC. Total  term assets. The primary reason for the reduction in year-end
support from the Bank, therefore, amounted to $50 million in  cash holding was the reduction ($44 million) in donations
2000, the same as in 1999. FAO and UNDP provided $0.6  received in advance. The cash balance of $177 million rep-
million and $0.4 million respectively in support of  resents 192 days of expenditures. The current ratio is 1.74.
TAC/SPIA. They provided $0.2 million and $1.8 million   Capital investments totaled $15 million in 2000. At the end
respectively directly to Centers.                      of 2000, 18 percent of the value of 2000 agenda contribu-
tions ($61 million), or two months of income, was outstand-
FINANCIAL POSITION                                     ing as accounts receivable from Members.
The 2000 financial data confirm that the CGIAR as a whole
is in a strong financial condition. Total net assets at the end
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 FINANCIAL REPORT                                                                      29



Table 1 CGIAR Financial Highlights, 1996-2000
(millions of U.S. dollars)
A. Resource summary
(millions of U.S. dollars)    Agenda    Total Agenda    Total            Total            Total            Totol
CGIAR contributions             304     332      320    333               340              330              331
Annual change (percent)         13%       1%      5%      0%               2%             (3%)              0%
Other revenue                  14               13                       13              12               14
Finance Committee EC allocation                                                                             5
Total revenue                       346              346             353              342              350
System expenditure           325      355     333    346               337              349              338
Net surplus/(deficit)                (9)               0              16               (7)              12
Agenda funding, percent of total     92%              96%             100%             100%             100%
Restricted funding, percent of total  41%             39%              47%             46%              50%
Number of contributing
CGIAR Members                         44              50               54               55               55
B. Expenditure share profile (percent)
CGIAR undertakings
Increasing productivity               40%             40%              37%              34%              36%
Protecting the environment            16%              17%             19%              20%              18%
Saving biodiversity                   11%              11%              11%             10%              10%
Improving policies                    12%              11%             12%              13%              14%
Strengthening NARS                    21%              21%             21%              23%              22%
Region
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)              38%              40%             40%              42%              42%
Asia                                  33%              31%             32%              32%              32%
Latin America and the
Caribbean (LAC)                     17%              17%             18%              17%              17%
West Asia and North Africa
(WANA)                              12%              12%             10%               9%               9%
Object
Personnel                            53%              51%              50%             50%              49%
Supplies/services                    34%              36%              37%              38%             39%
Travel                                 7%              7%               7%               7%               7%
Depreciation                           6%              6%               6%               5%               5%
C. CGIAR staff (number)
International staff                   897             862              892              907              873
Other staff                         9,416            8,295           7,578            7,701            7,642
Total staff                        10,313            9,157           8,470            8,608            8,515
D. CGIAR financial indicators
Unappropriated net assets (U.S. dollars)  45            43               52               44               62
Unappropriated net assets in
Days (revenue)                       48               45               54              49               67
Appropriated net assets (U.S. dollars)  277            273              271              219              141
Net fixed assets (U.S. dollars)       231              232              227              174               98
Current ratio                          1.6              1.7              1.8              1.6             1.7
Memo notes:
Centers' cost deflator
(1999=1 .00)                       0.92             0.95             0.98             1.00             1.00
Note: Excludes a contribution of $5 million from the World Bank to cover the cost of the CGIAR Secretariat and TAC.
30                                                    4% CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



Box 1 Annual Financial Decisionmaking Process and Schedule
Introduction of Research Agenda (October). The CGIAR's Technical Advisory Committee
(TAC} introduces the research agenda at the International Centers Week (ICW). Plon-
ning, including revision of estimates of resource requirements,r thus begins approximotefy
14 months before the start of activity.
Submission of Centers' Medium-Term Plans (March). Centers prepare and submit three-
year, medium-term plons (MTPs). These plans update original proposals, taking into
account current activity, changes in the research environment, and subsequent plan mod-
ificotions (which may be introduced in the third year of the period covered by the plans).
Discussion of Proposed Plans (April). The Centers and the TAC discuss the proposed
MTPs.
Setting of Agenda (May). At the mid-erm meeting (MTM), the TAC proposes the next
year's research agenda on the basis of three-year plans presented by the Centers. The
CGIAR debates the TAC's recommendations, taking into consideration advice from the
Finance Committee on funding prospects, and endorses the proposed research agenda
and financial allocations, with or without modification. Following the MTM, the Members
indicate general levels of financing so thot the Centers can prepare their financing plans.
Preparotion of Financing Plans (June-September). Centers prepare their individuol
financing ploais for the following year on the basis of financing information solicited
through biloteral contocts with Members. World Bank funding is reflected in the plans on
a percentage basis of funding secured by Centers fromtir Members-I 1.5 percent in
1999 and 12 percent in 2000.
Confirmation of Progrom Content (mid-September). On the bosis of interactions with their
Members, Centers determine whether any changes in funding for the research agenda
are expected. They communicate these changes and their implicotions for program con-
tent to the TAC and the CGIAR Secretariat. The TAC reviews this content and highlights
the need for any significant CGIAR action at tCW.
Review of Financing Plans (end of September to beginning of October). Following con-
firmation of program content by the TAC, the Finance Committee reviews Center finonc-
ing plons on the basis of funding informotion solicited by the CGIAR Secretariat. During
this effort, the Comrnmittee scrutinizes the consistency and feasibility of the proposed
World Bank contribution to each Center's futnds.
Approval of Research Agenda and Financing Plans (October). At ICW, the CGIAR
reviews and approves the finolized research agenda and Center financing plans for the
following year.
Implementation of Agenda and Disbursement of Funds (anuary-December). Centers
commence implementation of the research agenda on Januory 1, and Members disburse
funds to the Centers throughout the year.
Preparotion of Financial Statements (December). At the end of the calendar year, Cen-
ters prepare audited financial statements showing the use of the funds received in sup-
port of the research agenda
31



Box 2
The research agenda is made up of all the Center activities. One or more
Centers may execute these activities jointly with national agricultural research systems
(NARS), advanced research institutions, or nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Centers
develop the agenda and conduct programs in collaboration with partners. The TAC reviews
the agenda and, if appropriate, recommends it for CGIAR financing. Projects included in the
agenda should:
Aim to produce research or research-related international public goods (including train-
ing)
Be of high priority with regard to accomplishment of the CGIAR's goals and objectives
Have acceptable probabilities of success, and
Have no alternative producers or sources of supply with suitable costs or reliability.
The research agenda, as endorsed by the CGIAR, is eligible for financ-
ing by Members, including the World Bank. The approved financial requirements are the
minimum financial requirements for implementing the agenda. All Centers and partners are
encouraged to maximize financing. Mechanisms to ensure that the agenda is fully funded
have evolved from unsuccessful attempts to "guarantee" full financing through the sole use
of World Bank funds. Members, instead of the World Bank alone, now act collectively to fill
any financial gaps that might arise in the course of the year.
Centers are primarily financed through annual support from CGIAR
Members. Modest amounts are also available from Centers' annual miscellaneous income,
including ad hoc contributions from organizations that are not CGIAR Members. Member
financing may be unrestricted and directed to the CGIAR with flexibility regarding allocation
based on CGIAR priorities; or to Centers, or to programs. Alternatively, Member financing
may be restricted and directed to a specific Center program, project, subproject, or activity
as defined in a contractual agreement.
All Members are expected to help pay the full cost of Center operations, including admin-
istrative costs, of which they must bear a proportionate share. World Bank financing always
is made available as general CGIAR support. All Members are encouraged to provide their
support in a similar manner. Members usually disburse funds directly to Centers throughout
the year. The CGIAR Secretariat provides disbursement services, through the World Bank, to
Members that prefer to make an annual disbursement.
The distribution of financial resources is presented as the CGIAR
research agenda matrix. Activities are divided into five groups representing the principal
undertakings and outputs of the CGIAR. The matrix reflects the full allocation of Center proj-
ect costs among the CGIAR activities. Projects are the basic units of activity. Approximately
250 projects were ongoing in 2000. The CGIAR has identified and implemented several sys-
temwide programs to respond to specific challenges and strengthen collaboration among
Centers and with partners.
Centers implement the research agenda in partnership with advanced insti-
tutions, NGOs, and NARS. These joint ventures might involve shared tasks at different points
on the research and development continuum, from laboratory-based research to field-level
experimentation. Funding of such ventures is included in financing for the CGIAR research
agenda.
32



2000 CGIAR Funding
C G I A R C O N T R I B U T I O N S                  million for 2000. The CGIAR emphasized that the $340 mil-
In the year 2000 CGIAR Members contributed $331 million  lion was not a ceiling and encouraged Members to allocate
in support of the research agenda (see box 2 on page 32).  additional support if possible. On the other hand, it urged
This figure represents a decrease of $9 million (3 percent)   Centers to exercise caution in spending, and to plan on the
from the approved financing plan target of $340 million. It  basis of identified funding.
also represents an increase of $1 million (0.3 percent) from  By the MTM in May 2000, updates from Centers indicated
actual support of $330 million in 1999.              that funding for the research agenda, at the aggregate level,
Figure 1 shows CGIAR funding from 1996 to 2000. Annex   would be at about $352 million. However, the financing plan
2 presents details of Members' support as well as individual  was maintained at the $340 million level because of con-
receipts by Center. Annex table A2.1 ranks CGIAR contribu-  cerns about funding risks arising from weak European cur-
tions by Member to the research agenda for the period from   rencies.
1997 to 2000. Annex table A2.2 presents 2000 CGIAR fund-    At ICW99, the Centers reconfirmed that aggregate funding
ing by Member (both unrestricted support and restricted sup-  would be in the $340 million range. Funding from individual
port). Annex table A2.3 presents the amount of funds pro-  Members continued to be in line with earlier expectations.
vided by each Member to each Center in support of their  However, weaker European currencies reduced the dollar
approved programs.                                   value of contributions; consequently the actual 2000 results
were likely to be in the range of $330 million to $335 million.
E V O L U T I O N  O F 2 0 0 0                         At the Center level, 14 Centers were expecting to receive
SUPPORT TO  THE APPROVED                             funding equaling or exceeding that specified in their financ-
R E S E A R C H A G E N D A                          ing plans. Two Centers-ISNAR and ILRI-were projecting
At the ICW in October 1999, the Finance Committee recom-  funding to be 12 percent and 5 percent, respectively, less than
mended, and the CGIAR approved, a financing plan of $340  that specified in their approved financing plans. It was noted
Figure 1 CGIAR funding, 1996-2000
Millions of U.S. dollars
350
-     _Total
300
Research agenda
250  -
200  -
150
100  __________________________
50   1           I             I            I
1996         1997          1998         1999         2000
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 FINANCIAL REPORT                                                                   33



that disbursements by Members were running behind sched-   C O N T R I B U T I0 N  P R O F I L E
ule. The Finance Committee and the group of Centers urged   Total CGIAR Membership was 58, of which in 2000 the num-
Members to accelerate disbursements of funds to Centers.  ber of contributing CGIAR Members remained at 55. Uganda
was a new contributor in 2000. The average contribution for
OVERALL FINANCIAL OUTCOME                                 the CGIAR Membership as a whole remained constant at $6
Member funding of $331 million, Center-generated income of   million.
$14 million, and extraordinary funding of $5 million totaled  The 58 Members can be divided into four groups: indus-
$350 million in funding to Centers. Total expenditures in  trialized countries (21), developing countries (22), founda-
2000, including expenditures on CGIAR Committees but  tions (3), and international and regional organizations (12).
excluding CGIAR Secretariat and TAC expenditures, were   For analytical purposes, industrialized countries can be fur-
$338 million. Therefore, the operating surplus for Centers as  ther subdivided along geographical lines into three sub-
a whole was $12 million. This surplus, however, incorporates   groups: Europe, North America, and the Pacific Rim. Trends
a transfer of $2 million from CGIAR systemwide reserves and   associated with any of the groups should not be interpreted
an advance of $3 million on 2001 income. By comparison, the   as policy decisions by the groups, because contributions to
CGIAR had an operating deficit of $7 million in 1999.     the CGIAR are voluntary, and each Member decides the
In 2000, 14 Centers had operating surpluses: IRRI ($2.7   amount and recipients of its contributions.
million), ICLARM  ($2.4 million), IPGRI ($1.9 million),     Figure 2 compares the composition of funding for 2000
ICRAF ($1.6 million), CIAT ($1.2 million), IFPRI ($1.1 mil-   with that for 1999. Figure 3 presents the composition of fund-
lion), CIP ($0.9 million), ISNAR ($0.8 million), IWMI ($0.3  ing by Center and Member group in 2000.
million), ICARDA ($0.3 million), ICRISAT ($0.2 million),    Overall funding rose by $1 million (0.3 percent) from
CIFOR ($0.2 million), CIMMYT ($0.2 million), and IITA    1999. The $1 million funding increase comprises $2.5 mil-
($0.2 million),                                          lion from Europe, $1.8 million from North America, and $4.2
Two Centers had operating deficits: ILRI ($1.6 million)   million from other donors, which were offset in part by
and WARDA ($0.6 million). The ILRI deficit represents the   decreases of $4.9 million from the Pacific Rim, $1.4 million
reversal of a 1999 surplus that had resulted from a 1999   from international and regional organizations, and $1 million
special allocation ($1.5 million) from the Finance Commit-  from developing countries.
tee. This surplus, received and unspent in 1999, was        Europe's share of contributions-$128 million-remained
expensed in 2000.                                         constant at 39 percent of total funding in 2000. Contributions
Figure 2 Agenda contributions by Member group, 1999-2000
Millions of U.S. dollars
350
300  -                                International and regional                      International and regional
organizations                                   organizations
250                                   Developing countries                             Developing countries
Pacific Rim                                     Pacific Rim
200                                   No-GIRNon-CGIAR
150 -                                 North America                                   North America
Foundations                                     Foundotions
100 _
50                                   Europe                                          Europe
0
1999                                            2000
34                                                   14p  CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



were higher in national currency terms, in the aggregate, as  lion and $0.5 million, respectively-increased by 0.4 mil-
the European Commission resumed its funding. However,  lion and $0.1 million respectively from 1999.
these increases did not result in higher dollar contributions  Following the pattern of the last several years, developing
because of the devaluation of the euro against the dollar dur-   countries together accounted for 4 percent of Member con-
ing 2000.                                                tributions. Total contributions from  these countries
Within the European group there was a large increase in   decreased from  $14.7 million (4.3 percent) in 1999 to
European Commission funding ($16.3 million) over 1999.   $13.7 million (4.1 percent) in 2000, a decrease of $1 mil-
Other increases were received from the Netherlands ($2.1  lion (6 percent). Colombia maintained its position as the
million) and from the United Kingdom ($1 million). These  largest contributor among the developing countries for the
increases were offset in part by decreases from Germany   fifth year in a row with its contribution in 2000 of $2.3 mil-
($5.3 million), Switzerland ($4.5 million), Denmark ($3 mil-  lion. Uganda made a first-time contribution of $0.3 million.
lion), Belgium ($2.1 million), and Sweden ($0.9 million).   Mexico maintained its support at $1.8 million, and Nigeria
Many of the decreases in European Member funding reflect   contributed $1 million, down from $1.6 million in 1999.
not only large exchange losses but also the timing of the flow   China increased its support from $0.7 million to $1 million,
of funds for restricted projects. The decrease in funding from    and South Africa increased its support by $0.1 million to
Germany reflects a reduction of 50 percent of unrestricted   $0.6 million.
funding ($3 million) from that country.                     Contributions from international organizations decreased
North America's contributions increased marginally by   by $1.4 million to $66.3 million. Decreases in funding were
$1.8 million to $53.5 million, and its share of total contribu-   received from  the International Fund for Agricultural
tions remained at 16 percent.                             Development (IFAD) (down $1.1 million), African Devel-
The decrease in contributions from the Pacific Rim, down   opment Bank (AFDB) (down $1.1 million), International
from $48 million in 1999 to $44 million in 2000, reflects a   Development Research Centre (IDRC) (down $0.7 million),
decrease of $5 million from Japan and a small increase of  the Arab Fund (down $0.2 million), and the United Nations
$0.5 million from Australia and New Zealand. The fall in   Development Programme (UNDP) (down $0.3 million).
Japan's contribution resulted from a reduction in funding of  These decreases were offset in part by an increase in fund-
3 percent ($1 million) and an exchange loss ($4 million) fol-  ing from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) (up $1.6 mil-
lowing the devaluation of the yen against the U.S. dollar.  lion). Among international organizations the World Bank
Contributions from Australia and New Zealand-$8.5 mil-  remained the largest investor in the CGIAR, at $45 million.
Figure 3 Contributions by Center and Member group, 2000
Millions of U.S. dollars
40
35            p
30                                               -
Non-CGIAR
25
20  S                                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Foundations
20 5                                            E                                          International and
regional orgonizations
1 5           a   a   -           -   *   -    -   M   -    M                           JDeveloping countries
10                                                                   -                     Pacific Rim
S Narth America
Europe
0
CIAT   CIFOR  CIMMYT   CIP  ICARDA ICLARM  ICRAF  ICRISAT   IFPRI    I TA  ILRI   IPGRI    IRRI   ISNAR   IWMI  WARDA
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 FINANCIAL REPORT                                                                            35



Table 2 Contributions by Other Donors, 1999 and 2000
(millions of U.S. dollars)
CGIAR Members
Multidonor projects                                           3*7                          4.7
Non-CGIAR Members
Foundations                                                   3.0                          4.4
Non-Member developing countries                               2.2                          2.7
Private sector                                                1.3                          2.1
Common fund for commodities                                   1.3                          1.0
NGOs/UN organizations                                         1.0                          1.3
Other miscellaneous                                           2.5                          3.0
Subtotal                                                   11.3                        14.5
Total                                                        15.0                         19.2
Note: "Other" includes miscellaneous funding from a wide variety of sources.
With contributions of $6 million and $5.8 respectively, the  Private sector contributions primarily include contribu-
ADB and the IFAD were the second and third largest  tions, for collaborative work, from Latin American agricul-
investors in this category. With the exception of contributions  tural producers.
from the World Bank, all contributions from international  Other miscellaneous contributions include contributions
organizations are restricted. The year-to-year funding fluctu-  from a wide variety of organizations, including the Interna-
ations reflect changing start and finish dates for restricted   tional Tropical Timber Organization, the International Insti-
projects.                                               tute of Biological Control, and the European Environmental
Contributions from other donors increased by $4.2 million,  Agency.
from $15 million in 1999 to $19.2 million in 2000, and now  In 2000, 75 percent of the CGIAR's total funding was
make up 5.8 percent of the total funding. Table 2 indicates   again provided by the top 13 contributors to the CGIAR.
the contributions of these donors in 1999 and 2000.     These same 13 Members also contributed 92 percent of the
Multidonor projects are multiyear projects funded by a   CGIAR total unrestricted funding. Figure 4 illustrates the
number of donors, all of whom are Members of the CGIAR.   level of their support. The resumption of EC funding brought
Contributions from individual donors cannot be separately  the EC back into the top 13. Figure 5 illustrates support by
identified in any given year. These contributions account for  these top 13 contributors as a percentage of Center total
almost 25 percent of the increase ($1 million) of $4.2 million   funding.
in funding from other donors.
Contributions from foundations include contributions from   D I S B U R 5 E M E N T S
Nippon, Novartis, Sasakawa, Neys-van Hoogs, Gatsby,   The pace of disbursement continues to present a challenge to
Hilton, and the MacArthur Foundation.                   the Centers' cash flow. Figure 6 compares Member disburse-
Non-Member country contributions include contributions   ments in 1999 and 2000 with a normative pattern of monthly
from  Bolivia, Honduras, Malawi, Mozambique, Turkey,  expenditures. By the end of 2000, only 82 percent of funds
Nicaragua, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and the Republic of Yemen.   had been disbursed, compared with 89 percent in 1999. Dol-
They are largely funded by loans or credits, or both, from the   lar receipts decreased from $293 million in 1999 to $271
World Bank.                                             million in 2000 as more than $60 million was unpaid as of
36                                                   4p CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



Figure 4 Top 13 contributors, 2000
Millions of U.S. dollars
Norway
Australia
Sweden
Germany
Denmark
Canada
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Switzerland
European Commission
Japan
United States
World Bank
0               10              20               30               40               50
Figure 5 Center support by top 13 contributors, 2000
Percentages
100
80
60
40
20                                                                                         Restricted
*   Unrestricted
ANNUA \ REPORT 2000Ce EUANCIAL REPOTC                                                              3
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 FINANCIAL REPORT                                                                          37



Figure 6 Disbursement of funds, 2000
Cumulative percentoges
100%                                                                                           Normative levels
90%                                                                                           1999 actual levels
80%                                                                                           2000 actual levels
70%
60%
50%                                          01
40%                                             /
30%
20%
10%tttItt1/
0%
January       March          May            July        September      November
Figure 7 Funding by Center, 2000
Millions of U.S. dollars
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
O .    L                                          I 
0~~~~~~~~, C
\ \%            c'    \ \& \'CC,        \C    \ )\ C
38                                                          V          CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



December 31, 2000. At year-end, therefore, Centers were  Members make only one transfer to the Wvorld Bank account
"owed" more than $60 million by CGIAR Members.          instead of as many as 16 to various Centers' bank accounts.
The primary reasons for continuation in 2000 of the poor  Beginning in 2000, Centers enter into formal contractual
disbursement situation were increasing delays in the timing  agreements with the Wborld Bank concerning the use of the
of disbursements by some of the major contributors and the  funds disbursed. This is to ensure full accountability. Annex
funding on a reimbursable basis of some targeted grants (as  table A2.4b illustrates Member disbursements through the
targeted funding increases as a percentage of total funding,  World Bank in 1999 and 2000.
the associated disbursement of funds will decelerate).    In addition to Member contributions, the Secretariat also
The third quarter of the year continues to be a time when  manages the disbursement of the World Bank's contributions.
cash flow problems are most acute. In this quarter Centers are
forced to call on their reserves to cover almost 40 percent of  C E N T E R  P E R S P E C T I V E
their annual expenditures. Annex tables A2.4a and A2.4b  Figure 7 illustrates the distribution of funding by Center, in
detail the disbursements in 2000.                       2000. In that year CIMMYT was the recipienit of the largest
CGIAR Members have the option to disburse their contri-  amount of funding; followed by IRRI. Each of these Centers
butions either directly to the Centers or through the Secre-  had funding in excess of $30 inillion. With $8.5 million,
tariat using the World Bank's payment system. In 2000   WARDA was the recipient of the smallest amount of agenda
approximately $70 million (21 percent of total contributions)  funding.
was disbursed through the World Bank's payment system. In    Funding for four Centers was at or above levels approved at
the last few years, the number of Members using this system   ICW99: CIMMYT, $4.9 million (up 15 percent); IRRI, $3.8
has more than doubled from 6 to 14, as has the amount dis-  million (up 13 percent); CIP4 $2.5 million (ul) 14 percent);
bursed (from $24 million in 1994 to $70 million in 2000).  and CIFOR, $0.2 million (up 2 percent).
excluding the disbursement of the World Bank contribution.    Funding for eight Centers was within 10 percent of, and thus
The main advantage to Members of using the Bank's payment  broadly in line with, financing plan targets: ICARDA, $0.3 mil-
system is a reduction in the number of financial transactions:  lion (down 1 percent); ICRAF, $1.1 million (down 5 percent);
Figure 8 Funding outcomes vs. financing plans, 2000
Millions of U.S. dollars
5.0
4.0
3.0 -
2.0
-5.0 _
\9   0?            3%s       t  c& ½#G)\iP \ \vC\ o%+   \ \C\vC 
ANNUAt REPORT 2000 FINANCIAL REPORT                                                                         39



Figure 9 Changes in Center funding, 1999-2000
Millions of U.S. dollars
40
35 -
30-
25
20
15
10
5                                                                                             1999
0                                                                                          U2000
0\Rct o(§ \\CF0                  \C\\                             s
Figure 10 Agenda funding by funding type, 2000
Millions of U.S. dollars
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
*    Restricted
A  I    I    ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~ * Unrestricted
0
40                                                   14  CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON NTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



ICRISAT, $1.4 million (down 6 percent); IPGRI, $1.4 million  R E S T R I C T E D  S U P P O R T
(down 6 percent); ISNAR, $0.7 million, (down 7 percent);  There are two types of restricted support. The first is
IFPRI, $1.8 million (down 8 percent); CIAT, $3.2 million  restricted support by attribution, which refers to funds for a
(down 10 percent); and IITA $3.1 million (down 10 percent).   program or region. Use of these funds within a program or
Funding for the four remaining Centers was 10 percent or  region is unconstrained, but Centers are required to docu-
more outside their financing plan targets: IWMI, $1.3 million  ment their allocation. France, the United Kingdom, and the
(down 13 percent); ICLARM, $2.5 million (down 17 per-  EC have given restricted support by attribution.
cent); ILRI, $4.9 million (down 17 percent), and WARDA,    The second type of restricted support is restricted support
$3.7 million (down 31 percent). These shortfalls primarily  by contract, which refers to funds that must be expended in
reflect lower-than-expected funding from  other CGIAR   accordance with a contract between a Member and the Cen-
investors and slower-than-planned project implementation.   ter implementing the project, subproject, or activity. Funds
Figure 8 compares the actual funding received by Centers  for each line item in the budget are specified. Any realloca-
with their approved funding plans, revealing excesses and  tion of funds within the budget generally requires the prior
shortfalls.                                             consent of the Member. Accountability is detailed in the con-
As figure 9 shows, 11 of the Centers received greater fund-  tract, which often requires financial audits on a periodic
ing in 2000 than in 1999: CIMMYT, $4.1 million (up 12 per-  (annual) or end-of-project basis. Some Members' support is
cent); ICARDA, $3.1 million (up 16 percent); IPGRI, $2.7  restricted support by contract.
million (up 13 percent); IRRI, $1.3 million (up 4 percent;   In 2000, unrestricted support was 50 percent ($164 mil-
CIAT, $1.0 million (up 3 percent); CIFOR, $0.9 million (up  lion) of total support, down from 54 percent in 1999 (see fig-
8 percent); ICRAF, $0.9 million (up 4 percent); ICRISAT,  ure 10). Restricted support (by attribution and by contract)
$0.7 million (up 4 percent); IFPRI, $0.7 million (up 3 per-  was 50 percent of total support, up from 46 percent in 1999.
cent); ISNAR, $0.6 million (up 7 percent); and CIP, $0.5 mil-  In absolute terms, this support was $167 million ($15 million
lion (up 2 percent). IWMI funding remained constant at $8.8  more than in 1999).
million.
Four Centers received less funding than that received in  C O - S P O N S O R S U P P O R T
1999: IITA, $1.3 million (down 4 percent); ICLARM, $1.9  The World Bank contributed $45 million to the CGIAR
million (down 14 percent); WARDA, $2.3 million (down 21  research agenda in 2000. Bank support amounted to 14 per-
percent); and ILRI, $3.5 million (down 13 percent).     cent of total CGIAR research support. In addition, the Bank
Annex table A2.5 details 2000 funding by Center. Annex  funded the annual operating costs of the CGIAR Secretariat
table A2.6 presents 2000 funding outcomes by Center. Annex  ($4.25 million) and contributed $0.75 million to TAC. The
table A2.7 shows CGIAR System grants by Center from 1996  Bank's total support, therefore, amounted to $50 million in
to 2000.                                                2000, the same as in 1999. FAO provided $0.6 million in
support of TAC/SPIA and $0.2 million directly to Centers.
F U N D I N G  M O D A L I T I E S                      UNDP provided $0.4 million in support of TAC/SPIA and
Analysis of categories and types of funding provides another  $1.8 million directly to Centers.
perspective on the challenges faced by Centers in undertak-
ing the approved agenda (see Financing Modalities in box 2  W O R L D  B A N K  S U P P O R T
on page 32).                                            Following the procedure established at 1CW98, the Finance
Depending on the degree of flexibility in its use, CGIAR   Committee allocated the Bank's 2000 contribution at a 12
funding has been traditionally divided into two broad cate-  percent matching rate and authorized its disbursement. The
gories: unrestricted support and restricted support, which is  first tranche of $33.45 million representing 90 percent of the
targeted to a specific program, project, subproject, or activity.  total matching allocation of $37.25 million, was disbursed to
Centers in January 2000. The second tranche of $3.8 million
UNRESTRICTED  SUPPORT                                   wasdisbursedto CentersinJune.
Unrestricted support refers to unrestricted funds to support    The amount of $3.3 million was allocated to Centers for
the Center as a whole. World Bank contributions are the best  systemwide programs as follows: ICRAF ($0.6 million, ASB),
example of this type of funding because, within the research  IITA ($0.3 million, IPM), IPGRI ($0.6 million, SGRP), CIM-
agenda, allocation of the contribution is totally uncon-  MYT ($0.25 million, tropical maize station), ICARDA ($1
strained. Centers can allocate unrestricted funds to any pro-  million, Central Asia program), IFPRI/ISNAR, ($0.3 million,
gram or cost within the research agenda on the basis of insti-  indicators project), and IFPRI ($0.25 million, SPIA/TAC
tutional needs and priorities.                          poverty project). In addition, other allocation to Centers in
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 FINANCIAL REPORT                                                                         41



Figure 11 Distribution of World Bank support, 2000
5                                                                          20%
4 _
U11 *                    * * *    * * *15%
3       U
10%
2
5%
U  percentage
0     1    1   1    1        1        1                                    0%         millions of
C\0ct0c\<94 C\G1K9* \C\        \\CGt \C8\  R   &  \                    U.S. dollars
the amount of $0.8 million included $0.5 million to CIP
(downsizing program), and $0.25 to CIMMYT (rice/wheat
facilitation unit). The Finance Committee also allocated
$0.75 million to support CGIAR Committees.
At the MTM the Finance Committee allocated the remain-
ing $3 million of the 2000 contribution, together with an
additional $5 million, to Centers to better enable them to
cope with the 1999 EC default. The additional $5 million was
funded with an advance of $3 million from the 2001 World
Bank allocation and a drawdown of $2 million from CGIAR
reserves. Table 3 represents the total allocation of World
Bank funding in 2000.
For 1998-2000, the initial allocation of World Bank match-
ing funds was 11 percent. For 1999 the Finance Committee
increased this percentage to 11.5 percent. For 2000, match-
ing was increased to 12 percent. Figure 11 illustrates the
actual distribution of total 2000 World Bank support and the
percentage of total agenda Center funding that it represented
in 2000. In 2000, all 16 Centers received Bank support,
ranging from 11 percent to 17 percent of total agenda contri-
butions. Annex table A2.8 presents data on Bank support for
the period from 1996 to 2000.
CGIAR reserves at the beginning of 2000 were $4.5 mil-
lion. During the year, $2 million were used as part of the EC
rescue package.
42                                                 i; CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



Table 3 Allocation of World Bank Funding, 1999-2000
[millions of U.S. dollars)
World Bank Funding                          1999                           2000
Matching funds 1 2 percent                   34.6                           37.3
Systemwide programs                            4.0                           3.3
Support to CGIAR strategic initiatives         1.5                           0.0
Other Center allocations                       3.5                           3.8
Support to CGIAR committees/reserves           1 .5                          0.7
TOTAL                                     45.0                           45.0
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 FINANCAL REPORT                                                               43



Agenda Resources
S      pending on agenda programs in 2000 amounted to  $57.9 million. Crops accounted for 71 percent of invest-
$338 million, a decrease of $9 million or 3 percent  ments, livestock for 13 percent, forestry for 12 percent, and
over spending in 1999 ($347 million). Four Centers  fisheries for 4 percent.
(CIFOR, ICRISAT, ILRI, and IWMI) had expendi-    Investments in efforts to protect the environment (see fig-
tures in line with 1999. The agenda expenditures of another  ure 12c) decreased in dollar terms (from $67.9 million to
four Centers were higher in 2000 than in 1999. These Cen-   $60.4 million) and percentage terms (from 20 percent to 18
ters were CIMMYT ($1.6 million, up 4 percent), IFPRI ($1.1  percent).
million, up 5 percent), IPGRI ($1.1 million, up 5 percent),    Investments in efforts to save biodiversity (see figure 12d)
and ICARDA ($0.6 million, up 3 percent).              decreased in dollar terms (from $36.2 million to $34.8 mil-
Expenditures at eight Centers were lower in 2000 than in  lion) but remained the same in percentage terms at 10 per-
1999. The Centers with the most significant decreases in  cent.
agenda expenditures were IITA ($2.6 million, down 8 per-    Investments in improvement of policies (see figure 12e)
cent), IRRI ($2.5 million, down 7 per cent), ICLARM ($2.0  increased in dollar terms (from $46.8 million to $48 million)
million, down 16 percent), ISNAR ($1.5 million, down 16   and percentage terms (from 13 percent to 14 percent).
percent), WARDA ($1.5 million, down 14 percent), CIP    Investments in efforts to strengthen NARS (see figure 12f)
($1.4 million, down 7 percent), CIAT ($1.2 million, down 4   decreased in dollar terms (from $78.6 million to $74.6 mil-
percent) and ICRAF ($1.1 million, down 5 percent). In most  lion) and percentage terms (from 23 percent to 22 percent).
of the cases in which expenditures were lower it was because   Distribution of these investments among training, organiza-
of the successful completion of some restricted funded proj-  tion and management counseling, and other programs
ects and delays in starting new projects.             changed little from previous years.
ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES                               BY REGION
The allocation of resources is reviewed below from the per-  Figure 13 presents the 2000 allocation of CGIAR resources
spective of undertaking, region, and object of expenditure.  by developing regions. Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa
Annex 3 presents expenditure data. Annex table A3.1 pro-  remained at 42 percent ($140 million) of total investment in
vides data on investments by Center from 1996 to 2000. A   2000. Investment in Asia remained at 32 percent ($110 mil-
new classification scheme based on an overall CGIAR logi-  lion). Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean
cal framework has been introduced in 2000. This scheme   decreased from 18 percent to 17 percent ($56 million), and
will replace the current classification by undertaking with  investment in West Asia and North Africa decreased from 10
outputs.                                              percent to 9 percent ($31 million).
All Centers invested in programs for Sub-Saharan Africa in
BY UNDERTAKING                                        2000. Seven Centers-IITA, ILRI, ICRAF, CIMMYT,
Figure 12a illustrates investments in the year 2000 in the   WARDA, IFPRI, and ICRISAT-accounted for more than 75
CGIAR's five principal undertakings: increasing productiv-  percent of allocations to this region. The pattern was similar
ity, protecting the environment, saving biodiversity, improv-  in Asia. A majority of the Centers invested in programs for
ing policies, and strengthening NARS. Annex table A3.2 pro-  Asia. Four Centers-IRRI, ICRISAT, CIMMYT, and CIP-
vides details for the 1996-2000 period.               accounted for the majority of allocations to this region. About
Investments in the five CGIAR undertakings by Center are  half of the allocations for WANA continued to be made by
presented in figures 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e, and 12f. Annex  ICARDA. CIAT accounted for more than one-third of the
table A3.3 provides details.                          allocations made in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Efforts to increase productivity continued to be the major
thrust of CGIAR activities (see figure 12b). Investments in   B Y O B J E C T O F E X P E N D I T U R E
these efforts totaled $120 million (36 percent of total invest-  The trend of reduced personnel spending continued in 2000.
ment), up from $117 million (34 percent of total investment)  As figure 14 indicates, personnel costs amounted to 49 per-
in 1999. Among productivity investments, investments in  cent of total 2000 costs, a decrease of only 1 percent from
germplasm enhancement increased marginally (from $61.2   1999 but a significant decrease from the mid-1990s, when
million to $61.8). Investments in production systems devel-  personnel expenditures accounted for 55 percent of total
opment and management increased from $56.1 million to  annual costs. From 1999 to 2000, expenditures on supplies
44  CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGR CUJLTURAL RESEARCH



Figure 12a Investments in CGIAR undertakings, 2000
Millions of U.S. dollors and percentages of total
120 _                                                                                     _ 36%
30%
100
24%
80
18%
60
12%
40
6%
20
0%
0
Increasing      Protecting the      Saving          Improving       Strengthening
productivity     environment       biodiversity       policies          NARS
and services increased from 38 percent to 39 percent of total  increase index in dollar terms can be established with data
expenditures. Travel and  depreciation  expenditures   on the proportion of expenditures in various currencies and
remained constant at 7 percent and 5 percent, respectively.  data on the annual exchange rates of currencies reported by
In absolute terms, supply and service expenditures remained   the International Monetary Fund (IMF). In 2000, the loss of
at $133 million, personnel expenditures decreased by $9   Centers' purchasing power was 0.3 percent, compared with
million (5 percent), depreciation expenditures decreased by   0.2 percent in 1999. Annex table A3.7 presents data on the
$2 million (10 percent), and travel expenditures increased   Centers' inflation rates from 1996 to 2000.
marginally by $1 million to $25 million. Annex table A3.5
provides detailed Center-level information on object expen-   C G I A R I N V E S T M E N T 5 O V E R 2 9 Y E A R S
ditures. Annex table A3.6 presents data on CGIAR staffing   To analyze CGIAR activity from the perspective of the
from 1996 to 2000.                                      record of expenditures (investment), the CGIAR Secretariat
organized all available Center data on resource use from
COST CHANGES                                            1972 to 2000. Annex table A5.1 summarizes all CGIAR
The costs at Centers are affected by both inflation and fluc-  investments. The table shows investments in five-year peri-
tuations in currency values-the relationship between the   ods and for 1997 to 2000 by Center, undertaking, commod-
exchange rates of expenditure currencies and the U.S. dol-  ity group and production sector, region, and object of
lar, the CGIAR's unit of account. An aggregate CGIAR cost  expenditure.
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 FINANCIAL REPORT                                                                       45



Figure 12b Center investments in increasing productivity
Millions of U.S. dollars and percentages of total
16 __14%
1 4                                                                                       12%
1 2
10%
10
8%
8
-6%
6
- 4%
4
2                                                                                     -2
0                                                                                        0%
C\<   C      \CWS\CT  \0 \1t$S\C\Fc\R                       6  \C3    N
Figure 1 2c Center investments in protecting the environment
Millions of U.S. dollars and percentages of total
8                                                                                     - 14%
7                                                                - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~12%
6
10%
5
8%
4
6%
3
2                                                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4%
1                                                                                         2%
0     J     I0%
46                                                    4 CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



Figure 12d Center investments in saving biodiversity
Millions of U.S. dollars and percentoges of total
8                                                                                      25%
7
20%
6
5                                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~15%
4
3                                                                                      10%
2
5%
0                                                                                        0%
Figure 1 2e Center investments in improving policies
Millions of U.S. dollars and percentages of total
15                                                                                - 30%
__25%
- 20%
9
15%
6
10%
3                                                                                    5%
0                                                                                    03 1    1  °/
ANNUALt\cS\                         \& \R T 200 FNCIAL REPORT
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 FINANCIAL REPORT                                                                          47



Figure 12f Center investments in strengthening NARS
Millions of U.S. dollars and percentages of total
12                                                                                       -16%
14%
1 0
12%
8
10%
6                                                                                           8%
6%
4
4%
2
2%
0                                                                                           0%
48 o    \, 43                                              C T      GROU O  INTRN\CATIONA A G\RICUTR A\C\L EEAC
48                                                       4    CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



Figure 13 CGIAR allocations by developing region, 2000
Percentage of total
West Asia and North Africa 90/o
Latin America and the Caribbean 17%
Sub-Saharan Africa 42%
Asia 32%
Figure 14 CGIAR expenditure by object, 2000
Percentage of total
Supplies and services 39%
Personnel 49%
Depreciation 5%      -
Travel 7%
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 FINANCIAL REPORT                                                          49



Financial Position
T       he aggregation of 1996-2000 Center data, shown   The first accounting change, introduced in 1999, concerns
in table 4 and elaborated below, reflects the finan-   accounting for land and buildings, which revert to the host
cial position of the CGIAR System. Annex table  government of a Center should a Center cease operations.
A4.1 provides details by Center.               The new policy states that land and buildings do not have a
The 2000 financial data confirm that the CGIAR as a   residual value and should be written out of a Center's books
whole is in a strong financial condition. Total net assets at the   of account. Centers will no longer annually depreciate such
end of 2000 were $203 million (1999: $263 million). These  land and buildings but will instead carry them in their bal-
assets are made up of $62 million (1999: $44 million) in  ance sheets at a fully written-down value of zero. As a result,
unappropriated net assets and $141 million (1999: $219   Centers' annual depreciation charges and total net assets will
million) in appropriated net assets. Cash and cash-equiva-   decrease. The new policy, which was implemented by some
lent balances totaled $177 million at the end of 2000 (1999:   Centers (ICARDA, ICLARM, and ICRISAT) in 1999, was
$212 million). This figure includes $26 million in cash and   implemented by most of the remaining Centers during 2000.
investments disclosed under long-term assets.           The net effect of the policy in 2000 was to reduce invest-
ments in fixed assets (and, by implication, in net assets) by
NET ASSETS                                              $75 million.
Net assets are the residual interest in an entity's assets after  The second accounting change was to reclassify net assets
liabilities have been deducted. Hence, net assets in not-for-  as either unappropriated (broadly corresponding to the ear-
profit organizations are equivalent to "shareholder equity" in  lier term "operating funds") or appropriated (broadly corre-
for-profit organizations. The CGIAR introduced two changes  sponding to the earlier term "capital invested in fixed assets
in accounting for net assets during 1999/2000.          plus capital funds"). This change was initiated to bring
Figure 15 Net assets by Center, 2000
Millions of U.S. dollars
30
25
20
1 5
1 0
5
0
\'y>  \Ct#  \\%A  C\         F\t &O&
50                                                  4pCONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



Figure 16 Unappropriated net assets by Center, 2000
In revenue days
150
120        E U
901 1 1    _
6 0      I  i  i I   "      M                   _  _ _ _  _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _  _ _
3011111EEE
O   Im I                        IIII                                          I 1|1 J
-30
-60
ctC°\& \5 o,\>  "ffiq  \&+  \X   c C\9  \C
Figure 17 Net fixed assets by Center, 2000
Millions of U.S. dollars
20
1 5
1 0
5
0
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 FINANCIAL REPORT                                                               51



Table 4 CGIAR System Financial Position, 1996-2000
(thousands of U.S. dollars)
1996            1997            1998            1999            2000
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents       174,391         146,767          171,110         212,347         151,327
Accounts receivable:
Donors                        46,060          72,261           65,965          54,062          60,823
Employees                      2,339            2,662           2,699           2,591           3,499
Others                         16,293          13,506          13,154          12,656           13,576
Inventories                       9,224           8,811            7,257           6,653           6,506
Pre-paid expenses                 4,180           3,811            2,786           3,398           3,069
Other current assets              5,342           2,988            3,247           4,549           5,248
Total current assets         257,829         250,806          266,218         296,256         244,048
Fixed assets
Property, plant, and equipment    448,840       467,865          475,861         399,398         289,339
Less: Accumulated depreciation    217,119       237,148          248,819         225,702         191,265
Total fixed assets (net)     231,721         230,717          227,042         173,696          98,074
Other assets                                                                                        25,728
Total assets                    489,550          481,523         493,260         469,952         367,850
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Bank indebtedness                 1,280             928            1,444           3,649             204
Accounts payable:
Donors                         66,376          72,194           67,200         100,576          56,658
Employees                      21,547           4,673            8,971           9,876           5,369
Others                         28,441          24,208           17,824          21,871          25,966
In-trust accounts                 5,448            1,107           1,732           3,457           3,634
Accruals and provisions          42,689          43,863           50,054          43,855          48,259
Total current liabilities     166,249         146,973          147,225         183,284         140,090
Long-term liabilities
Long-term loan                      811            1,617             190               0                0
Other                               554          17,064           22,915          23,453          24,899
Total long-term liabilities     1,365          18,681           23,105          23,453          24,899
Total liabilities               167,614         165,654          170,330         206,737         164,989
Total assets less total liabilities  321,936      315,869          322,930         263,215         202,861
Net Assets
Unappropriated                   44,983          43,070           51,522          43,966          61,802
Appropriated                    276,953         272,799          271,408         219,249         141,059
Total net assets                  321,936         315,869          322,930         263,215         202,861
Note: The decrease in net assets in 2000 is primarily explained by the write-down of $75 milion of fixed assets following a change in accounting policy.
The decrease represents a book movement.
52                                                  4p CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



CGIAR accounting policies fully into compliance with gener-    In 2000 CIAT, CIFOR, CIPW IFPRI, IWMI, IITA, IRRI,
ally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for not-for-profit  IPGRI, ISNAR and WARDA introduced the new accounting
organizations. More details can be found in the CGIAR   policy for depreciation on land and buildings. The net result
Financial Guideline Series No. 2: CGIAR Accounting Policies   was a reduction ($75.2 million) in the net fixed assets of
and Reporting Practices Manual.                           CIAT (down $7.8 million); CIFOR (no change); CIP (down
Following the change in accounting for land and buildings,   $6.9 million); IFPRI (no change); IWMI (no change); IITA
aggregate net assets fell by $60.3 million-from $263.2 mil-  (down $22.7 million); IRRI (down $26.4 million); IPGRI (no
lion in 1999 to $202.9 million in 2000. The level of these   change); ISNAR (no change); and WARDA (down $11.4 mil-
assets for each Center is shown in figure 15. Unappropriated   lion).
net assets increased by $17.8 million in 2000, from $44 mil-
lion in 1999 to $61.8 million. Appropriated net assets fell by   C A P I TA L P U R C H A S E F U N D
$78.1 million in 2000, from $219.2 million to $141.1 million.   The remaining $43 million set aside for fixed asset acquisi-
tion (formerly called the "capital fund"), is slightly less than
UNAPPROPRIATED  NET ASSETS                                the amount set aside in 1999: $45 million. The decrease is
Unappropriated net assets (formerly "the operating fund")  largely accounted for by the redesignation of $5 million from
are equivalent to "retained earnings" in a business enter-  the capital fund as unappropriated net assets, offset by the
prise. In a not-for-profit context, unappropriated net assets   excess of the annual depreciation charge for the System as a
indicate the financial capacity of an organization to adjust to   whole over capital purchases. This part of the fund is estab-
unplanned changes in revenue.                             lished primarily by the setting aside of funds equal to the
At the System level, unappropriated net assets rose by   value of the depreciation charge (so-called funding depreci-
$17.8 million, from $44 million in 1999 to $61.8 million in   ation). Figure 18 shows the appropriated net assets funds set
2000. When expressed as revenue and revenue days, this   aside for capital purchase, by Center. With the exception of
increase represents an increase from 46 days in 1999 to 67   WARDA and CIMMYT, all Centers had balances at the end
days in 2000. This increase is due to two factors. First, the   of 2000.
aggregate statement of activity for the System as a whole   The CGIAR Secretariat and Center financial staff continue
resulted in an operating surplus of $12 million for 2000;  to monitor the acquisition rate of assets, including any long-
included in this surplus is a net transfer of $2 million from   term major infrastructure investments, and the availability of
system reserves and an advance of $3 million of 2001 income   resources. If it becomes apparent that the useful life of fixed
for EC relief; second, some Centers reclassified $5 million   assets is longer than previously thought, assumed asset lives
from the former capital fund as unappropriated. As figure 16   conceivably could be increased sufficiently to reduce depre-
indicates, the majority of Centers continued to have unappro-   ciation costs, with no ill effects on Center operations.
priated net asset days above the CGIAR's average of 67 days.
Only one Center, WARDA, had a negative balance at the end   L I 0 U I D I T Y
of 2000 due to accumulated deficits from earlier years.   Liquidity represents an organization's ability to meet its
short-term spending requirements. Two primary indicators of
A P P R 0 P R I A T E D  N E T A S S E T S                liquidity are "current ratio" and "working capital." Current
Appropriated net assets fell by $78 million, from $219 mil-  ratio is current assets divided by current liabilities, repre-
lion in 1999 to $141 million in 2000. They comprised $98   sented as a fraction. This liquidity measure is comparable
million invested in fixed assets and $43 million set aside by   across organizations, regardless of size, because it is a rela-
Centers for the acquisition of fixed assets. The capital  tive figure. Working capital is the amount by which current
invested in fixed assets decreased by $76 million, from $174   assets exceed current liabilities. Because of the different
million in 1999 to $98 million in 2000, largely because of the   sizes of Centers, absolute numbers are not helpful for com-
write-down of $75 million of assets following the above-noted   parative purposes. Working capital expressed in terms of
change in accounting for fixed assets.                    future spending requirements is useful for such purposes.
The Centers' liquidity hinges on Members' disbursements,
N E T F I X E D  A S S E T S                              which span the entire calendar year. With few exceptions,
The CGIAR's asset base indicates a stable pattern of capital   Members' progress in making disbursements in the earlier
acquisition. In 2000, capital expenditures totaled $15 mil-   months of the year has not been encouraging. At the end of
lion; the annual depreciation charge totaled $16 million.   2000, 18 percent of the value of 2000 agenda contributions
Annex table A4.2 indicates capital expenditures by Center  (nearly two months of income) was outstanding as accounts
for the period 1996-2000. Figure 17 illustrates the 2000   receivable from Members. Figure 19 presents these accounts
year-end levels of net fixed assets for all Centers.      as a percentage of grants.
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 FINANCIAL REPORT                                                                            53



Figure 18 Capital purchase fund by Center, 2000
Millions of U.S. dollars
10
8
6
4
2
0
C      C              \    C'\CF Oz        C    C\  C\5e\v     ++
Figure 19 Member receivables by Center, 2000
As a percentage of grants
40
35
30
25
20
1 5
1 0
5
0
54                                                       CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



Figure 20 CGIAR System current ratio, 1996-2000
2.0
1.5                       ---
0.5
0.0   I
1996           1997           1998           1999           2000
Figure 21 Working capital by Center, 1999-2000
In days
300
250
200
150 A                t\  \
100   V/\Y                                                                 
50                              I 
0
1999
-50                                                                                      2000
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 F[NANCIAL REPORT                                                               55



CURRENT RATIO
The systemwide current ratio in the CGIAR increased mar-
ginally, from 1.64 in 1999 to 1.74 in 2000. The CGIAR's
average current ratio is within the normative range. As a gen-
eral rule of thumb, a current ratio of 1.5 is considered ade-
quate. Five Centers have current ratios of less than 1.5:
ICRAF (1.3), IFPRI (1.3), IRRI (1.4), ISNAR (1.4), and
WARDA (0.8). If IRRI's investments were considered to be
part of current assets, as they were in the past, its current
ratio would be 2.0. Figure 20 shows the evolution of the cur-
rent ratio since 1996.
WORKING  CAPITAL
Figure 21 compares working capital expressed as Center
spending requirements in days in 1999 and 2000. The 2000
system average of 112 days of expenditure is less than the
1999 system average: 119 days. In all but one Center, the
number of working days in 2000 was generally in line with
that in 1999. IRRI's average days decreased from 253 days
to 130 days, primarily because of a long-term investment of
$12.5 million, which is no longer considered part of working
capital. Because of their low level of working capital, ISNAR
and WARDA (-50 days) are in need of continued careful
cash management.
56                                                  4pCONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



oI
Ze~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



Compliance with Financial Guidelines
The Centers are independent institutions governed by their respective boards of trustees. In the interest of transparency and
consistency in financial practices and the presentation of financial information, the Centers follow financial guidelines issued
by the CGIAR Secretariat. These guidelines aim to bring the CGIAR's financial practices into conformity with those gener-
ally accepted worldwide. Developed with the input of Center financial personnel, external financial experts, and Secretariat
staff, the guidelines are amended as required to reflect changing practices. Guidelines covering accounting policies and the
preparation of externally audited annual financial statements are particularly relevant in this regard. The most recent revision
of these guidelines took effect in 1999 and brought CGIAR practices up to date with the current practices of not-for-profit
organizations.
As part of the annual review of substantive financial performance, Pricewaterhouse Coopers (PwC) has reviewed the exter-
nally audited 2000 Center financial statements to ensure compliance with CGIAR policy and reporting guidelines. PwC has
confirmed that all Centers comply with existing policy and reporting guidelines and that any departures have resulted in no
material misstatements of financial information.
58                                                  4p CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



TABLE A1.1 CGIAR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE APPROVED RESEARCH AGENDA BY MEMBER
GROUP, 1972-2000
(millions of U.S. dollars)
Members            1972-76  1977-81   1982-86  1987-91   1992-96            1997       1998      1999       2000       Total
Europe
Austria                                       1.0       5.0         7.1       1.8        2.3       2.3        1.8       21.2
Belgium                  3.5      13.7        9.2      14.2        19.9       5.5        6.0       6.8        4.7       83.6
Denmark                  1.7       4.7        5.9      14.4       45.0       19.1       17.7      14.0       11.0      133.5
European Commission               17.4       28.3      59.0        76.6      23.1       24.9       6.0       22.3      257.5
Finland                                       2.1      21.4         3.9       2.1        2.1        1.5       1.5       34.6
France                   1.1       3.1        6.1      18.3        21.4       4.9        5.9       5.9        6.0       72.8
Germany                 13.3      39.1       36.6      54.6        76.2      16.6       16.3       15.5      10.2      278.4
Ireland                            0.4        1.9        1.8        3.0       0.8        1.0       0.9        0.8       10.6
Itcly                    0.1       1.9       29.1      39.8        17.6       4.0        3.0       3.2        3.2      101.9
Luxembourg                                              0.3         1.0       0.7        0.7        0.7       1.3        4.7
Netherlands              4.1      11.6       20.5      30.7        55.9      14.5       14.7       11.6      13.7      177.3
Norway                   3.3       9.3       11.4      20.6        28.4       7.2        8.3        8.9       7.7      105.0
Portugal                                                                      0.3        0.3       0.5        0.4        1.4
Spain                              0.5        2.5       2.5         3.9       1.8        1.1        0.9       1.2       14.4
Sweden                   7.2      14.8       16.5      28.0        39.0       7.1        9.3       10.3       9.4      141.6
Switzerland              1.9       9.5       26.6      46.3        63.6      20.9       22.7      22.8       18.3      232.6
United Kingdom           9.0      27.5       32.6      55.8        50.8      10.2       11.5       13.9      14.9      226.2
Subtotal             45.1      153.3      230.5     412.7      513.4      140.6      147.6     125.8      128.3    1,897.3
North America
Canada                  17.3      36.1       48.6      71.0        75.2      12.9       12.3       12.3      11.4      297.2
United States           41.6     128.1      222.0     217.3       183.5      38.3       40.5       39.4      42.1      952.8
Subtotal             58.9      164.2      270.6     288.3      258.7       51.2       52.8      51.7       53.5    1,250.0
Pacific Rim
Australia                4.0      13.3       20.5       16.7       25.5       6.6        7.8       8.1        8.5      110.9
Japan                    2.5       25.9      54.7      104.9      166.3      33.5       35.3       39.9      34.6      497.5
New Zealand              0.1       0.1        0.1                                        0.4        0.4       0.5        1.6
Subtotal              6.6       39.3       75.3     121.7       191.7      40.0       43.5      48.4       43.5      610.0
Developing and transition economies
Bangladesh                                                                    0.1        0.1       0.3        0.3        0.8
Brazil                                        1.0       0.2         0.6       0.5        0.7       0.4        0.4        3.2
China                                          1.5       1.5        2.5       0.5        0.5        0.7       1.0        8.2
Colombia                                                            4.5       2.6        2.5        2.7       2.3       14.6
C6te d'lvoire                                                       0.3       0.2        0.1       0.1        0.1        0.7
Egypt, Arab Republic of                                             1.0       1.1        1.4        1.4       1.4        6.2
India                              0.5        2.5       2.5         4.0       0.8        0.8        0.7       0.8       12.7
Indonesia                                                           1.2       0.5        0.1        0.4       0.2        2.5
Iran, Islamic Republic of  2.0     3.0                              1.9       1.5        2.0        1.8       1.7       13.9
Kenya                                                                                    0.5        0.4       0.1        1.0
Korea, Republic of                                      0.5         2.6       0.6        0.9       0.8        0.9        6.3
Mexico                              1.4       2.0       0.2         0.6       0.5        0.6        1.7       1.8        8.8
Nigeria                  1.3       5.4        4.2       0.5         0.0       0.1        1.0        1.6       1.0       15.0
Pakistan                                                                      0.5        0.2        0.0       0.2        0.8
Peru                                                                                     0.4       0.3        0.2        0.9
Philippines                        0.7        1.6        1.1        1.7       0.4        0.7       0.3        0.4        6.8
Russian Federation                                                  0.2                                                  0.2
Saudi Arabia             1.0       1.0        3.0                                                                        5.0
South Africa                                                                  0.5        0.6        0.5       0.6        2.2
Syrian Arab Republic                                                                                0.5                  0.5
Thailand                                                                      0.5        0.3        0.1       0.1        1.0
Uganda                                                                                                        0.3        0.3
Subtotal              4.3       11.9       15.8       6.5       20.6       10.8       13.2      14.7       13.7      111.5
Foundations
Ford Foundation         16.8       6.2        4.9       4.6        12.9       3.2        3.1        2.6       2.6       57.0
Kellogg Foundation       1.3       0.6        1.0                   0.4       0.3        0.3       0.1        0.0        4.0
Rockefeller Foundation  17.1       6.7        3.5       6.3         7.7       2.1        3.4        3.5       4.0       54.3
Subtotal             35.2       13.5        9.4      11.0        21.0       5.6        6.8       6.2        6.6      115.3
International and regional organizations
ADB                      0.3        1.2                  1.0        4.0       1.8        3.8        4.4       6.0       22.5
AFDB                               0.1        0.6       5.3         5.6       1.0        0.8        2.3       1.2       17.0
Arab Fund                           1.1       1.4        1.9        5.1       1.0        1.5        1.9       1.7       15.7
FAO                                                                           0.3        0.6        0.2       0.2        1.2
IDB                     11.2      32.2       42.6      48.8        25.8       4.5        2.1        1.5       1.4      170.0
IDRC                     3.9       5.7        6.5       3.4         4.4       2.4        2.4        3.0       2.3       34.0
IFAD                              11.1       24.9        1.9        4.2       3.1        4.0       6.9        5.8       61.9
OPEC Fund                          2.0        9.5        1.2        0.8       0.2        0.2       0.2        0.2       14.2
UNDP                     7.4      21.7       37.0      38.2        38.6       4.5        3.2       2.1        1.8      154.5
UNEP                     0.9       0.5        0.3       0.1         1.2       0.2        0.1        0.2       0.7        4.2
World Bank              16.1      53.3      116.1      162.8      222.5      45.0       45.0       45.0      45.0      750.8
Subtotal             39.9      128.9      238.9     264.5      312.3       63.9       63.7      67.7       66.3    1,246.0
Other donors             0.8       1.1        3.4                   6.2       8.2       11.9       15.0      19.2       65.9
Total               191        512        844     1,105       1,324      320        340        330       331      5,296
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 ANNEX 1                                                                                       59



TABLE A1.2 CGIAR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE APPROVED RESEARCH AGENDA BY CENTER,
1972-2000
(millions of U.S. dollars)
Centers 1972-761 1977-811 1982-86 1987-91 1992-96          1997    1998      1999    2000       Total
CIAT        28.3      65.8    107.0   132.5    138.8       31.7      32.1     28.7     29.7    594.5
CIFOR                                             30.5     10.6      11.3     11.5      12.4     76.3
CIMMYT      33.7      72.6     97.2    130.8    130.2      28.6      30.1     33.8     37.9    594.9
CIP          10.9     34.8     52.9     83.2      91.4     22.6      22.2     20.0     20.5    358.5
ICARDA        1.5     47.2     91.5     92.2      92.2     22.3      25.2     19.5     22.6   414.1
ICLARM                                            30.3      9.0      10.6     14.2     12.3      76.4
ICRAF                                             71.3     21.8      20.4     20.6     21.5    155.7
ICRISAT      19.8     59.5    103.2   143.1    134.4       26.9      26.5     21.2     21.9    556.4
IFPRI         1.0      9.9     20.5     41.5      51.3     18.2      20.1     20.8     21.5    204.7
IITA        37.1      72.4    101.1    107.9    111.3      27.5      29.2     30.7     29.4    546.7
ILRI2        13.6     80.8    107.0   155.2    124.6       25.2      24.6     26.6     23.1    580.6
IPGRI3        1.4     11.4     20.5     33.6      64.2     18.8      21.2     20.1     22.8    213.9
IRRI        30.2      71.3    104.6   137.5    139.1       28.6      34.8     32.5     33.8    612.4
ISNAR                  3.3     16.8     34.4      36.6      9.9       9.6      8.2      8.8    127.6
IWMI                                              36.0      9.5       9.4      8.8      8.8      72.5
WARDA         1.9      9.4     12.6    28.6       34.6       8.6     10.0     10.8       8.5    124.8
Subtotal    179.3    538.2    834.9  1,120.5  1,316.9    319.6    337.1    328.1    335.4  5,310.0
Reserves/
CGIAR Committees              9.1   (16.0)       7.0      0.8       2.5      1.5    (4.3)       0.6
Total      179      538       844    1,105    1,324       320      340       330      331    5,311
1 Figures shown for 1972-80 ore total expenditures (operations/capital) and may be higher or lower than the contributions for that year
(due to the accounting convention followed in the 1970s).
2 Formerly ILCA and ILRAD.
3 Formerly IBPGR and INIBAP
60                                              4p CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON NTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



TABLE A2.1 RANKING CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CGIAR RESEARCH AGENDA, 1997-2000
(millions of U.S. dollars)
@--
MEMBER           AMOUNT         MEMBER         AMOUNT         MEMBER        AMOUNT         MEMBER           AMOUNT
#1  World Bank             45.0     World Bank            45.0    World Bank          45.0     World Bank              45.0
United States          38.3     United States         40.5    Japan               39.9      United States          42.1
Japan                  33.5    Japan                  35.3     United States       39.4    Japan                   34.6
European Commission    23.1     European Commission  24.9    Switzerland          22.8      European Commission    22.3
Switzerland            20.9     Switzerland           22.7    Germany              15.5    Switzerland             1 8.3
Denmark                19.1     Denmark               17.7    Denmark              14.0     United Kingdom         14.9
Germany                16.6      Germany              16.3    United Kingdom       13.9     Netherlands            13.7
Netherlonds            14.5     Netherlands           14.7    Canada               12.3    Canada                  11.4
Canada                 12.9     Canada                12.3     Netherlands         11.6     Denmark                11.0
#10 United Kingdom          10.2     United Kingdom       11.5    Sweden               10.3     Germany                 10.2
Norway                  7.2     Sweden                 9.3     Norway               8.9    Sweden                   9.4
Sweden                  7.1      Norway                8.3    Australia             8.1    Australia                8.5
Australia               6.5      Australia             7.8    IFAD                  6.9     Norway                  7.7
Belgium                 5.5      Belgium               6.0    Belgium               6.8    France                   6.0
France                  4.9     France                 5.9    European Commission  6.0    ADB                       6.0
IDB                     4.5    IFAD                    4.0    France               5.9    IFAD                      5.8
UNDP                    4.5     ADB                    3.8    ADB                  4.4     Belgium                  4.7
Italy                   4.0      Rockefeller Foundation   3.4    Rockefeller Foundation  3.5  Rockefeller Foundation  4.0
Ford Foundation         3.2     UNDP                   3.2    Italy                 3.2    Italy                    3.2
#20 IFAD                     3.1     Ford Foundation       3.1    IDRC                  3.0    Ford Foundation           2.6
Colombia                2.6    Italy                   3.0    Colombia              2.7    Colombia                 2.3
IDRC                    2.3     Colombia               2.5    Ford Foundation       2.6    IDRC                     2.3
Finland                 2.1    IDRC                    2.4    AFDB                  2.3     UNDP                    1.8
Rockefeller             2.1     Austria                2.3    Austria               2.3    Austria                  1.8
ADB                      1.8    IDB                    2.1     UNDP                 2.1     Mexico                  1.8
Spain                    1 .8    Finland               2.1     Arab Fund            1 .9    Iran, Islamic Republic of    1.7
Austria                  1.8    Iran, Islamic Republic of 2.0    Iran, Islamic Republic of 1.8    Arab Fund         1.7
Iran, Islamic Republic of    1.5  Arab Fund            1 .5    Mexico               1.7    Finland                  1.5
Egypt, Arab Republic of    1.1    Egypt, Arab Republic of  1.4  Nigeria             1.6    IDB                      1.4
#30 AFDB                     1.0    Spain                   1 .1    Finland              1.5    Egypt, Arab Republic of    1.4
Arab Fund                1.0    Ireland                1.0    IDB                   1.5    Luxembourg               1.3
Ireland                 0.8     Nigeria                1 .0    Egypt, Arab Republic of 1 .4    Spain                1.2
India                   0.8     Korea, Republic of     0.9    Spain                 0.9    AFDB                     1.2
Luxembourg              0.7    India                   0.8    Ireland               0.9     Nigeria                 1.0
Korea, Republic of      0.6     AFDB                   0.8    Korea, Republic of    0.8    China                    1.0
Brazil                  0.5      Philippines           0.7    Luxembourg            0.7     Korea, Republic of      0.9
Indonesia               0.5      Luxembourg            0.7    India                 0.7    India                    0.8
Mexico                  0.5      Brazil                0.7    China                 0.7    Ireland                  0.8
China                   0.5      South Africa          0.6     New Zealand          0.5     UNEP                    0.7
#40 Pakistan                 0.5     Mexico                0.6    South Africa          0.5    South Africa              0.6
South Africa            0.5      FAO                   0.5    Syria                 0.5     New Zealand             0.5
Thailand                0.5      China                 0.5    Portugal              0.5     Brazil                  0.4
Philippines             0.4      Kenya                 0.5    Indonesia             0.4    Portugal                 0.4
Kellogg Foundation      0.3     New Zealand            0.4     Kenya                0.4    Philippines              0.4
FAO                     0.3     Peru                   0.4    Brazil                0.4     Bangladesh              0.3
Portugal                0.3     Thailand               0.3    Philippines           0.3     Uganda                  0.3
OPEC Fund               0.2      Kellogg Foundation    0.3    Bangladesh            0.3    FAO                      0.2
UNEP                    0.2     Portugal               0.3    Peru                  0.3    Indonesia                0.2
C6te d'lvoire           0.2     OPEC Fund              0.2    FAO                   0.2    Peru                     0.2
#50 Bangladesh               0.1     Pakistan              0.2     UNEP                 0.2     OPEC Fund                0.2
Indonesia             0.1    OPEC Fund             0.2    Pakistan                 0.2
Bangladesh            0.1     C6te d'lvoire        0.1     Kenya                   0.1
C6te d'lvoire         0.1    Thailand              0.1    Thailand                 0.1
UNEP                  0.1     Kellogg Foundation    0.1   Cote d'lvoire            0.1
Pakistan             0.0     Kellogg Foundation      0.0
Other donors            8.2     Other donors          11.9     Other donors        15.0    Other donors            19.2
Total                320                           340                          330                             331
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 ANNEX 2                                                                                               61



TABLE A2.2 CGIAR FUNDING BY MEMBER, 2000
(millions of U.S. dollars)
MEMBERS                             UNRESTRICTED                   RESTRICTED                        TOTAL
Europe
Austria                                            1.3                        0.5                         1.8
Belgium                                            1.3                        3.4                         4.7
Denmark                                            6.9                        4.1                        11.0
European Commission                                                          22.3                       22.3
Finlond                                            1.3                        0.2                         1.5
France                                             1.1                        4.9                         6.0
Germany                                            2.5                        7.7                        10.2
Ireland                                            0.4                        0.4                         0.8
Italy                                              1.7                        1.4                         3.2
Luxembourg                                         0.2                        1.1                         1.3
Netherlonds                                        8.8                        4.9                        13.7
Norway                                             6.0                        1.7                         7.7
Portugal                                           0.2                        0.2                         0.4
Spain                                              0.4                        0.8                         1.2
Sweden                                             5.8                        3.6                         9.4
Switzerlond                                        5.9                       12.4                        18.3
United Kingdom                                                               14.9                        14.9
SUBTOTAL                                        43.8                       84.5                      128.3
North America
Canada                                             8.0                        3.4                        11.4
United States                                     26.6                       15.5                       42.1
SUBTOTAL                                        34.6                       18.9                       53.5
Pacific Rim
Australia                                          3.6                        4.9                         8.5
Japan                                             32.6                        2.0                        34.6
New Zealand                                                                   0.5                         0.5
SUBTOTAL                                        36.2                        7.3                       43.5
Developing countries
Bangladesh                                                                    0.3                        0.3
Brazil                                             0.1                        0.3                        0.4
China                                              0.7                        0.3                         1.0
Colombia                                                                      2.3                         2.3
C6te d'lvoire                                      0.1                                                    0.1
Egypt, Arab Republic of                            0.5                        0.9                         1.4
India                                              0.6                        0.2                         0.8
Indonesia                                          0.2                                                    0.2
Iran, Islamic Republic of                          0.2                        1.5                         1.7
Kenya                                                                         0.1                         0.1
Korea, Republic of                                 0.5                        0.5                         0.9
Mexico                                             0.1                         1.7                        1.8
Nigeria                                            1.0                                                    1.0
Pakistan                                                                      0.2                        0.2
Peru                                               0.0                        0.2                         0.2
Philippines                                        0.4                                                    0.4
South Africa                                                                  0.6                         0.6
Thailand                                           0.1                                                    0.1
Uganda                                                                        0.3                         0.3
SUBTOTAL                                        4.4                         9.3                       13.7
TOTAL MEMBER COUNTRIES                         119.1                      119.9                      239.0
Foundations
Ford Foundation                                                               2.6                         2.6
Kellogg Foundation                                                            0.0                         0.0
Rockefeller Foundation                                                        4.0                         4.0
FOUNDATION TOTAL                                                            6.6                        6.6
International and regional organizations
ADB                                                                           6.0                         6.0
AFDB                                                                           1.2                        1.2
Arab Fund                                                                      1.7                        1.7
FAO                                                                           0.2                         0.2
IDB                                                                            1.4                        1.4
IDRC                                                                          2.3                         2.3
IFAD                                                                          5.8                         5.8
OPEC Fund                                                                     0.2                         0.2
UNDP                                                                           1.8                        1.8
UNEP                                                                          0.7                         0.7
World Bank                                        45.0                                                  45.0
ORGANIZATIONS TOTAL                             45.0                       21.3                       66.3
OTHER DONORS                                                               19.2                        19.2
GRAND TOTAL                                      164                        167                        331
62                                                         4gCONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



TABLE A2.3a SUPPORT TO THE AGREED RESEARCH AGENDA BY MEMBER BY CENTER, 2000
(millions of U.S. dollars)
Unrestricted support
Members               tIAT    tIFOR  CIMMYT   (IP  ICARDA  ICLARM  ICRAF  ICRISAT   IFPRI   IITA    ILRI   IPGRI   IRRI  ISNAR   IWMI  WARDA  UNALLOC. TOTAL
Australia              0.2    0.3    0.6    0.2    0.1    0.2    0.1    0.4    0.2                  0.2    0.3    0.6    0.1    0.2                          3.6
Austria                       0.1    0.2    0.3    0.0               0.2    0.2             0.2    0.2    0.1                                                1.3
Belgium                0.1    0.2    0.1    0.1    0.1    0.1        0.1    0.1             0.1    0.2    0.1              0.2    0.1      0.1               1.3
Brazil                                0.0    0.1                     0.0                                                                                     0.1
Canada                 0.8    0.3    0.7    0.6    0.4    0.2        0.4    0.6    0.4    0.7    0.7    0.5    0.7    0.4    0.2           0.5               8.0
China                                 0.1    0.1    0.0    0.0               0.0    0.1             0.0    0.1    0.1    0.0    0.0                          0.7
UtCe d'lvoire                                                                                                                              0.1               0.1
Denmark                0.2    0.1    0.5    0.6    0.4    0.6    0.3    0.2    0.7    0.8    0.5    0.5    0.6    0.2    0.4               0.1               6.9
Egypt, Arab Republic of                              0.2    0.4                                                                                              0.5
Finland                       0.3                                    0.3             0.3            0.3                                                      1.3
France                        0.1             0.1    0.1             0.1             0.1    0.1             0.2    0.2    0.0              0.1               1.1
Germany                0.4    0.2                            0.3     0.2                     0.4    0.2    0.3    0.4              0.2                       2.5
India                                 0.1    0.0    0.0    0.0               0.2    0.0             0.0    0.1             0.0    0.0                        0.6
Indonesia                     0.2                                                                                                                            0.2
Iran, Islamic Republic of                     0.1    0.1                                                                   0.0                               0.2
Ireland                                                              0.1             0.3                                                                     0.4
Italy                                         0.0    0.2                     0.1    0.1    0.2    0.2    0.9               0.1                               1.7
Japan                  3.3    1.3    2.3    1.5    0.7    0.9        0.9    2.8    1.4    3.8    1.3    1.9    7.5    0.3    0.9           1.8              32.6
Korea, Republic of                    0.1    0.1                             0.1            0.1             0.1    0.2                     0.1               0.5
Luxembourg                                    0.2                                                                                                            0.2
Mexico                                0.1                                                                                                                    0.1
Netherlands            0.1    1.0             0.8    0.7    0.9      0.6    0.1    0.3    0.7    0.1    1.3    0.2    0.9    0.5           0.7               8.8
Nigeria                                                                                      1.0                                                             1.0
Norway                 0.6    0.3    0.2    0.2    0.5    0.2        0.2    0.8    0.3    0.6    1.0    0.4    0.1    0.3                  0.3               6.0
Peru                                  0.0            0.0                                                                                                     0.0
Philippines                   0.0    0.0                     0.0     0.0    0.0    0.0                      0.0    0.2    0.0                                0.4
Portugal                              0.1                            0.1                                                                                     0.2
Spain                  0.1    0.0    0.0    0.0    0.1               0.0             0.1            0.0    0.1             0.0                               0.4
Sweden                 0.3    0.2    0.2    0.7    0.4    0.2        0.4    0.5    0.1    0.4    0.7    0.4    0.4    0.3    0.3           0.3               5.8
Switzerland            0.9    0.2    0.2    0.9                      0.3    0.9    0.3              0.9    0.5    0.2    0.3    0.2                          5.9
Thailand               0.0            0.0                            0.0    0.0                             0.0    0.0                                       0.1
United States          2.3    0.6    4.3    1.1    1.5    0.7        0.6    2.2    1.7    3.3    3.0    0.6    3.5    0.5    0.8           0.3              26.6
World Bankl            3.8    1.4    4.2    2.7    3.7    2.0        3.0    2.8    3.1    3.8    3.1    3.3    3.4    1.5    1.4            1.3      0.8   45.0
Advance 2001
/draw on reserves   0.6    0.3    0.4    0.6    0.5    0.3    0.1    0.6    0.1                   0.1    0.4    0.5    0.3    0.2                          5.0
Total unrestricted    13.5    6.9   14.4   10.9    9.8    7.0    8.1   12.4    9.4   15.9   12.8   12.0   18.8    5.6    5.3               5.6       0.8  169.1
Total World Bank contribution was $45 million, of which $44.25 million was allocated to Centers and $0.75 million for Committees and reserves.
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 ANNEX 2                                                                                                              63



TABLE A2.3b MEMBER SUPPORT TO THE APPROVED RESEARCH AGENDA BY CENTER, 2000
(millions of U.S. dollars)
Restricted contributions
Members           _             _
ADB                 0.4      0.2      0.4     0.1       0.3     0.5      0.3      0.4      0.9              0.4      0.4      1.1      0.1      0.5                       6.0
AFDB                         0.1                                                  0.2                       0.2      0.1               0.1     0.1      0.3               1.2
Arob Fund                                               1.7                                                                                                               1.7
Australia           0.3      0.1      1.4               0.3     0.0      0.1      0.2      0.3              0.2      0.0      1.7      0.0      0.1                       4.9
Austria                                        0.2                                                 0.3                                                                    0.5
Bangladesh                            0.2                                                                                     0.1                                         0.3
Belgium             0.2               0.3                                         0.3               1.1     0.1      1.3      0.1                                         3.4
Brazil              0.2      0.0      0.0                                                                            0.1                                                  0.3
Canada              0.4      0.0      1.0      0.0      0.0     0.0      1.5      0.0      0.1      0.0              0.0      0.0      0.1      0.1     0.0               3.4
China                                 0.3                                                                                                                                 0.3
Colombia            2.1               0.2     0.1                                                                                                                         2.3
Denmark             0.1      0.1      0.1      0.3      0.1              0.5      0.0      1.4      0.5              0.1      0.6      0.1      0.0     0.1               4.1
Europeon Commission   2.8    1.7      3.0      1.9      2.2     0.8      2.3      1.7      1.3     0.1      1.5      1.5      1.4                       0.1              22.3
Egypt, Arab Republic of                                 0.9                                                                                                               0.9
FAO                 0.0      0.0              0.1               0.0               0.0                       0.0      0.1                                                  0.2
Finland                                                                  0.1                                0.0      0.1                                                  0.2
Ford Foundation     0.4      0.0      0.1     0.1       0.1     0.1      0.2               0.5     0.0      1.0                                 0.2                       2.6
France              0.7      0.2      1.1     0.1      0.1               0.5      0.4              0.6      0.4      0.4      0.4               0.2                       4.9
Germany             0.7      0.2      0.7      0.9      0.4     0.3      0.2      0.4      0.6      0.5     0.6      0.5      0.8               0.4     0.4               7.7
IDB                 0.4               0.6      0.2                                0.0      0.1                       0.1                                                  1.4
IDRC                0.7      0.1      0.1      0.2     0.1      0.0      0.3      0.1                       0.2      0.3      0.2      0.0      0.0                       2.3
IFAD                0.0      0.4      0.8     0.3       1.3     0.1      0.4      0.5      0.1     0.9      0.5      0.4      0.2                       0.1               5.8
India                                                                             0.1                                         0.2                                         0.2
Iran, Islamic Repubkc of  0.0         0.2               0.9                       0.1                                         0.2               0.1                       1.5
Ireland                                                                                    0.1              0.3                                                           0.4
Italy               0.2                       0.1       0.3                                         0.1     0.6      0.1                                                  1.4
Japan               0.3               0.1      0.2               0.3                                        0.1               0.7      0.3      0.1                       2.0
Kellogg Foundation  0.0                                                                                                                                                   0.0
Kenya                                                                    0.1                                                                                              0.1
Korea, Republic of                    0.1               0.1                                                 0.1      0.1      0.2                                         0.4
Luxembourg                                    0.2      0.7                                                           0.1                                                  1.1
Mexico                                0.5                                                  1.2                                                                            1.7
Netherlands         0.2      0.0      0.4     0.5       0.2              1.1      0.2              0.1      0.3      0.8      0.4      0.6     0.1                        4.9
New Zealand         0.2                                         0.1      0.2                                                                                              0.5
Norway                       0.1                                0.1      0.5      0.1      0.6              0.2      0.1                       0.1      0.0               1.7
OPEC Fund                             0.0      0.0      0.0                       0.1                       0.1                                                           0.3
Pokiston                                                0.1                                                                                    0.0                        0.2
Peru                0.0               0.0     0.1                                                                    0.0                        0.0                       0.2
Portugal                              0.1                                                                            0.1                                                  0.2
Rockefeller Foundation  0.3  0.0      1.1                       0.0      0.3      0.3      0.0     0.6      0.1      0.0      1.0                       0.2               4.0
South Africa        0.0               0.2     0.1       0.0                       0.1              0.1      0.1      0.1               0.1      0.1                       0.6
Spain                        0.1      0.1     0.1       0.1              0.2                                         0.3                                                  0.8
Sweden                       0.3      0.2                       0.4      1.7               0.5      0.0     0.3      0.1                        0.1                       3.6
Switzerland         1.6      0.1      1.8      1.7      0.6              0.5      0.4      0.4      0.8     0.7      0.7      2.5      0.6      0.1                      12.4
Uganda                                                                                                               0.3                                                  0.3
UNDP                                  1.0               0.2     0.0               0.0              0.3               0.1               0.1              0.1               1.8
UNEP                0.0                                 0.0     0.5      0.0      0.1                                0.1                                                  0.7
United Kingdom      1.0      0.8      1.4     0.7       0.9     0.5      0.8      1.7      0.4     0.7      1.8      1.0      2.6      0.3      0.3     0.3              14.9
United States       1.0      0.2      0.8      1.3     0.1      1.2      1.0      1.5      1.6      5.2     0.5      0.1      0.7      0.0      0.0     0.4              15.5
Totalrestricted   14.3     4.6    1B.3       9.3     11.6      5.0    12.8      8.8      9.9    11.9    10.0        9.3    14.9      2.5      2.7      2.1            147.9
Non-Members         2.0      0.8      5.2     0.3       1.2     0.3      0.6      0.7      2.2     1.5      0.3      1.5      0.2      0.8      0.8     0.8              19.2
Grand total      29.7    12.4    37.9    20.5        22.6    12.3    21.5    21.9       21.5    29.4    23.1      22.8    33.8       8.8      8.8      8.5      0.8   336.2
(Unrestricted
and restricted
contributions)
64                                                                          i4       CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



TABLE A2.4a MONTHLY DISBURSEMENT OF FUNDING BY MEMBER, 2000
(millions of U.S. dollars)
Unrestricted support Members
Austnalo                          3 6                                                                                                                                                    3.6
Airno                                                               '.3                                                                                                                   13
Belgium                                                                                                                                                                       1 3        1.3
B-il                                                                           0 0                                                                             0.1                       0,1
Conodo                                                                                                            8.0                                                                     8.0
China                                                                                                                                                                         0.7        0.7
C6fo d1oir.                                                                                                                                                                   0.1        0.1
Denmork                                                                                                           0.5        6.3                                                         6 9
Egypt, Aroo Republ[c of                                                                                0.5                                                                               0.5
Finlnd                                                                                                                                                          13                        1.3
France                                                                                                                        1 1                                                         1 1
G-rcony                                       0.4        0.2        0.3        0.2         0.6         0.6                   0.3                                                         2.5
Ind,o                                                                                                 0 6                                                                                0.6
Indones o                                                                                             0 2                                                                                0.2
ron, Islomic Repubhc of                                                                                                                 0.1                    0.1                       0 2
Ireland                                                                        0 1                                           0.3                                                         04
tloy                                                                                                                         1.7                                                         1 7
Jopan                                                                                                                                                          32.6                     32.6
Kor-., Republic of                                                                                                                                              04            01         0. 
Lux-ebo-rg                                                          0.2                                                                                                                  0.2
Me-co                                                                          01                                                                                                        01 
N.th.d-erds                       0.7                    3.5        0.3        0.9         0.7         2.4        0.3                                                                    8.8
Nigero                                                                                                                        1 0                                                        1.0
Norway                                                                                     6.0                                                                                           6.0
Peru                                                                                                                                                            0.0                      0.0
Phiilpp,ee-                                                                                                                             0.4                                              0.4
PorIgol                                                                                                                                                                       0 2        0.2
Spain                                                                          0.4                                                                                                       0.4
Swude-                            1 9                               0.4        0.2         2.1         0.4        0.3        0.3        0.2                                              5.8
Smuitelond                        5.9                                                                                                                                                    5.9
Thoilod                                                                                                                                                                       0 1        0.1
United Sto,es                                                                                                                                      20 0         6 7                     26.6
World Bonk                       35.2                                                      6.8         3.0                                                                              45.0
Resorvos/od-onco                                                                                       5.0                                                                               5.0
;'iSe l... -;- -      -         47.a .      - 0.}       3,7.        2.6        1.9    : 4.           1 2.7       9.-1       11.0.       04         20.0       41.2,           2.4  - 69.1
Restricted s-pport Membero
AD8                                                                 0.2        0.8                     1.4                              0 9         0 6         0 6            1.5       6.0
AFDB                                                                                                                                                            1.2                       1 2
Arcb Fond                                                                                                                     0 8                               0.9                       1.7
Austroali                         0.5                    0.2                               0 3         0.0                                          0.0         1.6           2.2         4 9
Autri.                                                              0.5                                                                                                                   05
anglrldesh                                                                                                                                                                    0.3         0.3
Beigiem                                                                                                                                                                       3.4         3 4
8raoil                                                                                                                                                          0.3                      03
C onodo                                                             1.5        0.3                     0.0        0.0                                           1 5                      3 4
Chia                                                                                                                                                                          0 3        0.3
Colombhia                                                                                                                                                       2.3                      2.3
Denmork                           0.0         0.1                                          0.7                    0.1        0.2                                2.9                      4.0
Europe.n Commission                                                                                                                                                          22 3       22.3
Egypt, Anab Republic of                                                                                                                                         0 9                      0.9
FAO                               0.0                                                                                                                           0.2                       0.2
F,larnd                                                                                                                                                         0 2                      0.2
Ford Foundation                                                                                                                                                 2.6                       2,6
Frarce                                                                                     0.7                               4 2                                                         4.9
G-r-rny                           0.2         0.5                   0.3                    0.4                    0.7        0 4                    0.1         1.8           3.4        7.7
IDB                               0.1                               0.0                                                                                         1.3                       1.4
IDRC                                                                0.0        0.1                                                                              2.2                       2,3
IFAD                              0.1                                                                                                   0.0                     2.1           3.6        5.8
India                             0.1                                                                                                                           0.2                       0,2
Iron, islamic Republhc of                                                                                                               0.1                     1.4                      1,5
Ireland                                                                                                                      0 4                                                         0,4
Ialy                                                                                                                          1.4                                                         1.4
Japan                                                                                                                                                                         2.0         2.0
Kenya                                                                                                                                                                         0.1        0.1
Korea, Republic of                                                                                                                                              0.5                      0.5
Lu-.mbo-rg                                                                                                                               1.1                                              1.1
Meo;co                                                                          1.7                                                                                                       1,7
Nerherl-ond                                              0 1                   00                                            02                                 1.5           3.1        4.9
New Zeelard                                                                                            02                                                       0.3                      0.5
Norw-y                                                                                     1.7                                                                                            1 7
OPEC Fund                                                           0.1                                                                                        0.1            0.1        0,3
Pokison                                                                                                                                                                       0.2        0.2
Perui                             0.1                                                                                                                           0.1                      0.2
Portugo                                                                                                                                                                       0.2        0.2
Rockefe ler Foundoion                                    03                                1.1                    0.8                   0.3                     1.5                      4.0
South AFrica                                                                                                                                                    0.6                      0.6
Spain                                                                          0.8                                                                                                       0,8
Sweden                                                                                     3 0                               0.3                                0.4                      3.6
Sw,zer-nd                        11.3         0.5                                                                                                               0.5                      12,3
Jg-nd.                                                                                                                                  0.3                                              0.3
UNDP                                                                0.0                                                                                         1.8                      1.8
UNEP                                                                                       0.1                                                                  0.6                      0.7
UnitedsKingdom                    0.0                               0.1        2.3         0.1         0.8        0.3        2.3        2.8                    3.5            2.8       14.9
United States                     0.2                    0.7                   0 2                                                                             7.0            7.5       15,S
an-M-rb-                          0.1                               02          2.1        1.3         1 4        09         02         2.5                     5.4            52        19,2
Subsotol                        12.5        1.3        1 2         30         82         9.4         3.8        2.8        104         79          07        47.8           580       167.0
T.ol4o.sthlymoonl             59.9         1.7        4.8        5.6       10.1        25.5        16.5       12.0       21.4        8.6        20.7       89.0           60.5      336,0
Total monthly percnt        18%o         1%         1%         2%          3%         8%          5%         4%          6%        3%          6%         26%            18%      100%
Currelive emount            59,9       61.6        66 4       72.0       82.1       107.6      124 1       136 1      157 5      166.0       186 7      275.6          336 1      336.0
Cumutonlre percent          18%         18%        20%        21%        24%         32%         37%        40%        47%        49%         56%         82%          100%        100%/
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 ANNEX 2                                                                                                                                                 65



TABLE A2.4b MEMBER CONTRIBUTIONS DISBURSED THROUGH THE WORLD BANK,
1999-2000
Imillions of U.S. dollars)
Members               National        in U.S.       Month         National         in U.S.     Month
currency       dollars                      currency        dollars
Austria                                  1.5        May                               1.5      April
Canada1               CAD   8.0         12.6        July          CAD  12.6           8.5      May/August
China                                    0.7        December                          0.7      January 2001
European Commission                                               EUR  14.9          13.5      January 2001
Finland               FIM    8.0         1.7        May           FIM    8.0          1.3      December
France2               FF    14.3         2.1        February 2000 FF    14.4          1.8      September
Italy                                    2.5        October                           2.1      September
Mexico                                   0.1        April                             0.1      May
Norway                NOK 57.0           7.3       August         NOK 57.0            6.6      June
Peru                                     0.1        September
Portugal                                 0.5       July                               0.5      March 2001
South Africa                             0.5        December                          0.5      December
Spain                                    1.1        April                             0.7      May
Thailand                                 0.1        December                          0.1      February 2001
United States3                           4.9        November                        32.5       July/Dec
Total                                   35.7                                         70.4
1 Includes allocation to a non-CGIAR center (IBSRAM), and Linkage Fund contributions(CAD 450,000).
2 Includes allocations to three non-CGIAR centers (AVRDC, IBSRAM, and ICRA).
3 Includes grants for strengthening Africon networks($4,759), ond for integroting agricultural and environmental research ($1, 139).
66                                                    4    CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



TABLE A2.5 CGIAR FUNDING BY CENTER, 2000
(millions of U.S. dollars)
Unrestricted    Restricted     Member       Percent of
support       support         total       targeted
support
CIAT                                   13.5           16.2          29.7           55%
CIFOR                                   6.9           5.5           12.4           44%
CIMMYT                                 14.4          23.5           37.9           62%
CIP                                    10.9           9.6           20.5           47%
ICARDA                                  9.8          12.8           22.6           57%
ICLARM                                  7.0           5.3           12.3           43%
ICRAF                                   8.1          13.4           21.5           62%
ICRISAT                                12.4           9.5           21.9           43%
IFPRI                                   9.4          12.1           21.5           56%
IITA                                   15.9          13.5           29.4           46%
ILRI                                   12.8          10.3           23.1           45%
IPGRI                                  12.0          10.8           22.8           47%
IRRI                                   18.8          15.0           33.8           44%
ISNAR                                   5.6           3.2            8.8           37%
IWMI                                    5.3           3.5            8.8           40%
WARDA                                   5.6           2.9            8.5           34%
Center total                          168.4         167.1          335.4           50%
Reserves/CGIAR Committees              (4.3)                        (4.3)
Total grants                            164           167            331           50%
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 ANNEX 2                                                                     67



TABLE A2.6 FUNDING OUTCOMES BY CENTER, 2000
(millions of U.S. dollars)
CIAT              32.9          9.1         16.2          4.4         29.7         90%        103%
CIFOR             12.2          5.3         5.5           1.7         12.4        102%        108%
CIMMYT            33.1          9.8        23.5           4.6         37.9        115%        112%
CIP               17.9          7.6          9.6          3.3        20.5         115%        103%
ICARDA            22.9          5.6         12.8          4.1        22.6          99%        116%
ICLARM            14.7          4.7         5.3           2.3         12.3         84%         87%
ICRAF             22.6          5.0         13.4          3.1        21.5          95%        104%
ICRISAT           23.3          9.2          9.4          3.4        21.9          94%        103%
IFPRI             23.2         6.1         12.1           3.2        21.4          92%        103%
IITA              32.5         12.2        13.5           3.8        29.4          90%         96%
ILRI              28.0          9.6        10.3           3.2        23.1          83%         87%
IPGRI             24.2          8.3         10.7          3.8        22.8          94%        113%
IRRI              30.1         14.8         15.0          3.9        33.8         112%        104%
ISNAR              9.5          3.8         3.2           1.8          8.8         93%        107%
IWMI              10.1          3.7          3.5          1.6          8.8         87%        100%
WARDA             12.2          4.8          2.4          1.3          8.5         70%         79%
Subtotal       349.4        119.6        166.5         49.3       335.4          96%         102%
Reserves/CGIAR Committees                                (4.3)        (4.3)
Total             349          121          167           45          331
I Unrestricted support in the form of unrestricted contributions.
2 Support targeted at programs or specific projects.
68                                              4p CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



TABLE A2.7 CGIAR SYSTEM GRANTS BY CENTER, 1996-2000
(millions of U.S. dollars)
1996          1997          1998         1999           2000
CIAT                           31.0          31.7          32.1          28.7           29.7
CIFOR                            8.7          10.6          11.3          11.5          12.4
CIMMYT                         27.4          28.6          30.1          33.8           37.9
CIP                            22.7          22.6          22.2          20.0           20.5
ICARDA                         21.1          22.3          25.2          19.5           22.6
ICLARM                          9.6           9.0           10.6         14.2           12.3
ICRAF                          17.4          21.8          20.4          20.6           21.5
ICRISAT                        27.4          26.9          26.5          21.2           21.9
IFPRI                          16.0          18.2          20.1          20.8           21.5
IITA                           22.4          27.5          29.2          30.7           29.4
ILRI                           24.8          25.2          24.6          26.6           23.1
IPGRI                          16.4           18.8         21.2          20.1           22.8
IRRI                           28.7          28.6          34.8          32.5           33.8
ISNAR                          10.7           9.9           9.6           8.2            8.8
IWMI                            9.0           9.5           9.4           8.8            8.8
WARDA                           8.7            8.6          10.0         10.8            8.5
Total grants             301.9         319.6         337.1         328.1          335.4
Other net flows
Reserves/advance                                                                    (5.0)
CGIAR Committees             2.3           0.8           2.5           1.5           0.8
Total support to the agreed
research agenda               304.2          320.4         339.6        329.6          331.2
Total support to non-agenda    28.4           13.1           0.0           0.0           0.0
Total funding              333           334           340           330           331
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 ANNEX 2                                                                  69



TABLE A2.8 WORLD BANK FUNDING BY CENTER, 1996-2000
(millions of U.S. dollars and percentage terms)
1996   1997   1998   1999  2000                1996   1997   1998  1999   2000
CIAT                4.9    4.6    3.1       3.4    4.4             18%    15%    10%    11%       15%
CIFOR               0.6    0.9      1.2     1.4    1.7              8%    10%    11%    12%       14%
CIMMYT              4.4    3.7    3.3       3.8    4.6             17%    14%    12%    12%       12%
CIP                 1.6    1.8    2.3       2.9    3.3              8%      8%    10%    13%      16%
ICARDA              3.3    2.9    5.4    2.1    4.1                18%    14%    24%       9%     18%
ICLARM              1.5    1.3    1.1    4.1        2.3            20%    13%    12%    38%       19%
ICRAF               1.5    1.9    2.1       2.5    3.1              9%    11%    10%    12%       14%
ICRISAT             5.2    6.7    5.7       2.4    3.4             20%    24%    21%       9%     16%
IFPRI               1.3    1.6    2.0       2.4    3.2             13%    10%    11%    12%       15%
IITA                3.8    3.8      3.0     2.7    3.8             17%    17%    11%       9%     13%
ILRI                6.3    5.2      4.7     3.9    3.2             26%    21%    18%    16%       14%
IPGRI               1.6    2.0    2.1       2.9    3.8             13%    12%    11%    14%       17%
IRRI                4.8    4.5    3.1       3.7    3.9             18%    16%    11%    11%       12%
ISNAR               1.5    1.3      1.5     1.0    1.8            23%    12%    15%    10%    20%
IWMI                1.5    1.2      1.0    2.3      1.6            21%    13%    10%    24%       18%
WARDA               0.6    0.9      1.1     2.2     1.3             7%    10%    13%    20%       15%
Center total    44.4   44.2   42.5   43.5   49.3                16%    15%    13%    13%    15%
CGIAR Committees            0.3     1.0     1.0    0.8
and System review               1.5
Reserve             0.5    0.5              0.5   (2.0)
Advance 2001                                       (3.0)
Total           44.9   45.0   45.0   45.0   45.0
70                                                 4p CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



TABLE A3.1 CGIAR INVESTMENTS BY CENTER, 1996-2000
(millions of U.S. dollars)
CIAT               36.8      33.3      33.5      30.7      29.5
CIFOR               9.4      10.6      11.1      12.7      12.6
CIMMYT             28.7      30.4      32.2      37.4      39.0
CIP                24.6      24.7      21.7      21.6      20.2
ICARDA             23.2      27.6      23.6      22.8      23.4
ICLARM              8.6       8.6      10.4      12.4      10.4
ICRAF              17.4      22.2      21.1      21.8      20.7
ICRISAT            28.8      26.7      21.8      23.2      23.3
IFPRI              16.2      18.1      18.6      20.1      21.2
IITA               28.4      28.5      29.4      32.7      30.1
ILRI               25.9      26.7      27.7      26.5      26.5
IPGRI              16.5      18.6      21.7      20.4      21.5
IRRI               30.4      28.2      35.0      35.1      32.6
ISNAR              11.2      10.4       9.9       9.7       8.2
IWMI                9.2       9.6       9.2       8.8       8.9
WARDA               9.8       9.2       9.9      10.9       9.4
Agreed agenda     325.0     333.3     336.8     346.8     337.5
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 ANNEX 3                                        71



TABLE A3.2 CGIAR RESEARCH AGENDA INVESTMENTS BY ACTIVITY, 1996-2000
(millions of U.S. dollars and percentages)
@0.            @;0             0S             Woe          .  !
$       %      $       %      $       %      $       %      $       %
Increasing productivity                   129.1  40%    133.1  40%    124.3  37%    117.3  34%    119.7  36%
of which:
Germplasm enhancement and breeding       58.8  18%      63.7  19%      60.0  18%      61.2   18%      61.8  18%
Production systems development and
management                               70.2  22%      69.4  21%      64.3  19%      56.1   16%      57.9  18%
Cropping systems                       40.5   12%    35.1  11%       32.7  10%      29.3   8%       32.1  10%
Livestock systems                      18.4   6%      18.7   6%      19.7   6%       15.6   4%      13.8   4%
Tree systems                            9.2   3%      14.2   4%       10.4   3%       9.3   3%       8.3   3%
Fish systems                            2.2    1%      1.4  0.4%      1.5  0.4%       1.9  0.5%      3.7   1%
Protecting the environment                 53.7  17%    57.4  17%        64.5  19%      67.9  20%       60.4  18%
Saving biodiversity                        34.6  11%      35.3  11%      37.2  11%      36.2  10%       34.8  10%
Improving policies                         38.9  12%      37.3  11%      39.9  12%      46.8  13%      48.0  14%
Strengthening NARS                         68.7  21%      70.2  21%      70.9  21%      78.6  23%       74.6  22%
Training                               24.6   8%    25.1   8%        27.0   8%       29.8   9%      29.8   9%
Documentation/publication/information  18.3   6%      19.9   6%      20.1   6%      20.7   6%       19.9   6%
Institution building/advice to NARS    12.2   4%      11.5   3%      10.5   3%       12.7   4%      10.2   3%
Institution building networks          13.7   4%      13.7   4%      13.3   4%       15.4   4%      14.7   4%
TOTAL                                     325.0  100%   333.3  100%    336.8  100%    346.8  100%    337.5 100%
72                                               V&  CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



TABLE A3.3 CENTERS' RESEARCH AGENDA INVESTMENTS BY ACTIVITY, 2000
(millions of U.S. dollars)
Increasing Productivity 
himmoF   ~~~~P,.,ition SY51e5 N, ,s5      Mprt
t   ProdutionSy;emsDe &Mgint   | | | i ! | |    ^ | |  l w   ~~~Tmining  Into  Org/Mgmt  Networks     
M~i (Crops  Livestock  Trees  Fish                   Tiig     If    rlgrt Ntok
CIAT        7.8    3.2   1.3                   6.7    4.3    1.5    1.4    1.3   0.5    1.6   29.5  29.7    1.0
CIFOR                            3.1           3.8    1.6    2.8    0.2    1.1                   12.6  12.4    0.4
CIMMYT   11.3   3.2                            7.4    5.5    1.5    5.4    1.5    1.8    1.5   39.0  37.9    1.3
CIP         6.8   5.2                                  3.1    1.9                          3.2   20.2  20.5    0.6
ICARDA      4.1    3.8    1.7                  5.1    4.0    1.5    0.7    0.7    1.5   0.3   23.4  22.6    1.1
ICLARM      1.0                         3.7   2.6    0.1    1.4    0.6    0.5             0.5   10.4  12.3    0.5
ICRAF       1.0                  5.0           4.7    0.8    3.5    4.2    1.0   0.6             20.7  21.5    0.8
ICRISAT     6.2   3.6   0.2    0.1             3.2    2.3    3.5    2.3    0.8             1.0   23.3  21.9    1.7
IFPRI                                          2.2           13.0   3.1    3.0                   21.2  21.5    0.9
IITA        7.8   7.2                          4.4    1.1    2.7    1.6    1.4   2.0    1.9   30.1  29.4    0.9
ILRI        1.9          10.6                  6.0    1.4    2.6    1.6    1.3             1.1   26.5  23.1    1.8  (1.6)
IPGRI       2.7   0.9            0.1            1.7    7.9    2.9    1.6    2.0   0.2    1.5   21.5  22.8    0.6
IRRI        9.7   3.6                          7.2    2.2    3.8    2.6    3.3            0.2   32.6  33.8    1.6
ISNAR                                                         1.2    2.3    1.4   3.2   0.1    8.2   8.8    0.3
IWMI                                           3.6            3.1    1.1                   1.1    8.8   8.8    0.4
WARDA       1.5   1.4                          2.0    0.5    1.0    1.1    0.7    0.5    0.7    9.4   8.5    0.3  (0.6)
Total      61.8  32.1   13.8    8.3    3.7  60.4   34.8   48.0  29.8   19.9  10.2  14.7  337.5 335.4   13.9  (2.2)
Undertaking
investments:n                                 60.4          48.0                               375
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 ANNEX 3                                                                                  73



TABLE A3.4 REGIONAL ALLOCATIONS, 2000
(millions of U.S. dollars and percentages)
-                          $ %      $               % $             %        $
CIAT              29.5    23%       6.8    12%      3.5    63%    18.5       2%      0.7
CIFOR             12.6    29%       3.7    37%      4.6    34%      4.2
CIMMYT            39.0    37%      14.5    28%     10.9    25%      9.7    10%       3.9
CIP               20.2    18%       3.6    51%    10.3    26%       5.2      5%       1.1
ICARDA            23.4    15%      3.5    12%       2.7      3%     0.7    71%    16.5
ICLARM            10.4    30%      3.2    58%       6.0      4%     0.4      8%      0.8
ICRAF             20.7    76%      15.7    18%      3.6      7%      1.4
ICRISAT           23.3    50%      11.6    48%     11.3      1%     0.2       1%     0.2
IFPRI             21.2    50%      10.6    26%      5.5    18%      3.7      7%       1.4
IITA              30.1    96%     28.8      2%      0.7      2%     0.7
ILRI              26.5    67%      17.8    21%      5.6    10%      2.6      2%      0.5
IPGRI             21.5    28%       6.0    27%      5.8    23%      5.0    22%       4.8
IRRI              32.6     4%       1.3    92%     30.0      3%      1.0     1%      0.3
ISNAR              8.2    38%      3.1    27%       2.2    29%      2.4      6%      0.5
IWMI               8.9     7%      0.7    81%       7.2      5%     0.4      7%      0.6
WARDA              9.4   100%       9.4
Total             338    42%       140    32%       110     17%      56      9%       31
74                                              4p CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



TABLE A3.5 CGIAR OBJECT EXPENDITURES, 2000
(millions of U.S. dollars and percentages)
Personnel     Supplies/        Travel       Depreciation      Total
services
CIAT                     15.5           10.7            2.2            1.2          29.5
CIFOR                     5.8            5.5            0.7            0.6           12.6
CIMMYT                   20.1           15.2            2.2            1.4          39.0
CIP                       8.8            9.7            1.2            0.5          20.2
ICARDA                    9.0           10.8            2.5            1.2          23.4
ICLARM                    4.6            4.9            0.9            0.0          10.4
ICRAF                    11.1            6.4            2.2            1.0          20.7
ICRISAT                  12.5            7.7            1.7            1.4          23.3
IFPRI                    10.0            9.3            1.5            0.3          21.2
IITA                     13.9           12.2            1.7            2.4          30.1
ILRI                     13.3            9.6            1.6            2.0          26.5
IPGRI                     9.5           10.1            1.5            0.4          21.5
IRRI                     14.9           12.8            2.7            2.2          32.6
ISNAR                     4.6            2.6            0.8            0.2           8.2
IWMi                      5.5            1.9            1.0            0.5           8.9
WARDA                     4.3            3.6            0.5            1.0            9.4
Total                     164            133             25             16           338
Personnel     Supplies/      Travel  Depreciation    Total
services
CIAT                     52%            36%             7%             4%           100%
CIFOR                    46%            44%             5%             4%           100%
CIMMYT                   52%            39%             6%             4%           100%
CIP                      44%            48%             6%             2%           100%
ICARDA                   38%            46%            11              5%           100%
ICLARM                   44%            48%             8%             0%           100%
ICRAF                    54%            31%            11%             5%           100%
ICRISAT                  54%            33%             7%/o           6%           100%
IFPRI                    47%            44%             7%             1 %          10Q0%
IITA                     46%            41%             6%             8%           100%
ILRI                     50%JO          36%             6%             8%           100%
IPGRI                    44%            47%             7%/            2%           100(%
IRRI                     46%/o          39%             8%             7%           100%
ISNAR                    56%            32%            10%             2%           100%
IWMI                     62%            22%            11%             6%           100%
WARDA                    46%            38%             5%            11%           100%
Total                    49%            39%             7%             5%           100%
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 ANNEX 3                                                                       75



TABLE A3.6 CGIAR STAFFING, 1996-2000
International  Other   International  Other   Infernational  Other   International  Other    Intemational  Other
staff  staff   staff   staff  staff   staff   staff  staff    staff  staff
CIAT             76    650      60    678       64     639      62    610      58    638
CIFOR            32      78      31     86      31      83      30      86     37    118
CIMMYT           73    669       81    775      88     726      86    746      86    795
CIP              63    576      64    527       62     480      64    607      58    529
ICARDA           85    395      76    405       83     333      92    330      94    330
ICLARM           20    207      27      183     28     263      30    291      24    225
ICRAF            53    355      50    286       56     313      52    305      47    258
ICRISAT          84   1,787     62   1,289      55   1,041      59   1,155     54  1,120
IFPRI            41      82     45      94      43      89      44     83      52      90
IITA             86   1,659     86   1,499      82   1,268      79   1,090     83  1,043
ILRI             79    800      61    806       80     777      76    725      67    746
IPGRI            41      86     41      121     43     112      46    112      46    143
IRRI             64   1,374     82    836       90     835      82    960      79    997
ISNAR            38      53     53      35      49      38      45     40      32      35
IWMI             22    305      22    356       21     243      25    226      26    211
WARDA            21    340      21    319       17    338       35    335      30    364
Total           877   9,416    862   8,295    892   7,578    907   7,701      873  7,642
76                                          4    CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



TABLE A3.7 CENTERS' INFLATION RATES, 1996-2000
(calculated by uniform measurement)
tlAT   (IFOR  CIMMYT      UIP  lCARDA  l(LARM   l(RAF ICRISAT   IFPRI        IITA    ILRI  IPGRI    IRRI  ISNAR   IWMI WARDA              Total
1996                   4.7%    2.8%     8.6%    3.9%     4.6%    4.1%    5.1%    2.4%      5.3%    8.6%    2.3%    4.3%      4.2%   (0.5%)   5.1%     1.1%       4.5%
1997                   4.4%   (1.2%)    9.3%    3.5%     2.6%    0.2%    4.1%  (0.4%)    3.1%       5.5%    2.9%    0.9%   (1.5%)  (5.7%)   2.0%   (1.7%)         2.6%
1998                 (0.2%)  (5.7%)    1.0%    1.7%       1.3%  (4.6%)   2.4%    1.1%    1.6%      4.2%     2.9%    0.8%   (7.7%)    1.2%    0.7%    2.6%         1.0%
1999                 (2.9%)  11.6%      7.0%  (0.4%)    1.1 %    4.7%   (1.8%)  10.0%      2.2%  (14.5%)  (1.5%) (2.1%)    5.5%    2.1%    0.1%   (0.1%)          0.2%
2000                 (1.9%)   2.0%      6.4%    2.5%      0.1%  (0.9%)  (0.9%)  (1.1%)   3.1%   (4.1%)   0.4%  (0.8%)  (0.4%)   0.0%    0.8%   (3.2%)             0.3%
Avg. (1996-2000)       0.8%     1.7%    6.4%    2.2%      1.9%    0.6%    1.7%    2.3%    3.0%   (0.4%)    1.4%    0.6%   (0.1%)  (0.6%)   1.7%   (0.3%)          2.7%
(um. (1996-2000)       3.9%     9.0%    36.4%   11.6%    10.0%    3.2%    9.0%   12.2%    16.2%   (2.2%)   7.2%    3.1%   (0.4%)  (3.0%)   8.8%   (1.3%)         14.1%
Notes:  The inflation rates are dollar-based annual rates for each Center. They are derived from:
1. The currency basket of a Center's expenditures (Source: Centers' 2004 MTP submissions);
2. Annual inflation rates (as measured by the consumer price index) on the currencies in the basket (Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics); and
3. Annual changes in exchonge rates of these currencies agoinst the U.S. dollar (Source: IMF, International Financiol Statistics).
INFLATION RATES FOR SELECTED CURRENCIES AND REGIONS1
U.S.            Colombian    Mexi(an   Philippine     Pound    Kenyan  Indonesian                           Westernl     Middle
Year                         dollar       (FA       peso       peso        peso    sterling    shilling    rupee       Africa       Asia   Hemisph.       East
1996                         2.9%        2.7%     20.2%       34.4%       8.4%       2.4%       8.8%        7.9%       22.8%       7.7%      23.8%      11.6%
1997                         2.3%        5.7%     18.5%       20.6%       5.1%        3.1%     12.0%        6.6%       15.4%       5.0%      13.7%       6.6%
1998                         1.6%       4.7%      21.8%       15.9%       8.9%       3.4%       5.8%       57.6%        6.0%       9.3%      10.2%       6.3%
1999                         2.2%        0.8%     11.2%       16.6%       6.7%        1.6%      2.6%       20.5%       24.1%    (65.9%)       9.7%       0.0%
2000                         3.2%        2.2%       9.5%       9.5%       4.3%        2.9%       5.9%       2.0%        3.9%       1.6%       8.7%       5.4%
Excludes the United States and Canada.
MOVEMENTS OF SELECTED CURRENCIES AGAINST THE U.S. DOLLAR2
Colombian                Mexican               Nigerian              Philippine           Indonesian               Japanese
Year             CFA                   peso                   peso                  naira                  peso                 rupee                     yen
1996           2.5%                 13.6%                  18.4%                   0.0%                   2.0%                  4.2%                  15.7%
1997          14.1%                 10.1%                   4.1%                   0.0%                 12.4%                 24.2%                  11.2%
1998            1.1 %               25.0%                  15.4%                   0.0%                 38.8%               244.2%                     8.2%
1999           4.4%                 23.2%                   4.6%                321.9%                   (4.4%)              (21.6%)                (13.0%)
2000          15.6%                  18.9%                 (1.1%)                 13.5%                  13.1 %                 7.2%                  (5.4%)
2 Positive percentages reflect devaluations; while negative percentages reflect revaluations.
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 ANNEX 3                                                                                                                           77



TABLE A4.1 CENTERS' FINANCIAL POSITIONS, 2000
(thousands of US. dollars)
Assets                        tAT    CIFOR  CIMMYT      OIP  ICARDA  I(LARM    I(RAF  ItRISAT    IFPRI     IITA    ILRI   IPGRI    IRRI   ISNAR    IWMI  WARDA    TOTAL
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents  5,873   6,241    3,909   5,477  12,219   8,014    1,023  19,408   8,276   17,258  10,349  11,403   31,336    3,278   4,937   2,326  151,327
Accounis receivable:
Donors                  5,831    2,794   8,266   3,572   4,954    3,075    4,719   3,080   3,327    6,361   4,724   3,221    4,180      635   1,134     950   60,823
Employees                127      218     420      268     311      261     122    449                        636              214       12      77     382    3,498
Others                  1,255     676     914      323     801    1,171    2,453   1,592              470   1,188     436    1,233      137     149     777   13,576
Inventories                328              218      571     380        4      149    942               966   1,378              925               30      615    6,506
Prepaid expenses           339      437              167     505       15       71    400               106     235      105     505       27     137       20    3,069
Other current assets      1,000               38     399            2,775                      863      173                                                       5,248
Total current assets   14,753   10,366   13,765  10,777   19,170  15,315    8,537  25,871   12,466   25,334  18,510  15,165   38,393    4,009   6,465   5,071  244,048
Fixed assets
Property, plont, and equipment 23,008   4,687  33,953   10,844  26,273  257   11,675  35,633    2,159   37,929  54,360   3,769   28,085    3,333   4,518   8,856  289,339
Less: accumulated depreciation  12,555   2,509   19,633   7,489   21,916  67    4,385  22,777   1,601   30,783  34,880   2,002   18,253    2,819   3,264   6,331  191,265
Total fixed assets (net)  10,453   2,178   14,320   3,355   4,357   190    7,290  12,856     558    7,146  19,480   1,767    9,832      514   1,254   2,525   98,074
Other assets                 122                                       320    5,096    425   5,685                        203   12,539            1,338           25,728
Totul assets             25,328   12,544  28,085   14,132  23,527   15,825   20,923  39,152  18,709   32,480  37,990  17,135   60,764    4,603   9,057   7,596  367,850
Liabilities and net assets
Current liabiliies
Bank indebtedness            67                                                                                                                            137     204
Accounts payable:
Donors                  3,975    2,106   2,819     689   4,210    5,789    5,096   3,433   7,589    5,688   1,863   2,712    4,548    1,560   1,604   2,976   56,658
Employees                385              385              558       89     372   1,078                     1,803               22      445             232    5,369
Others                  2,684      68   1,677   4,483   2,474       967     781   1,609       18    2,267   1,506   3,610      882      520     505   1,915   25,966
In-trust accounts         1,748               0                     1,350               79                      339              118                              3,634
Accruals and provisions     177   2,652    3,549    1,781    2,272   2,221     597   1,153   1,859    5,282   2,229   1,649   21,179      405     158   1,096   48,259
Total current liabilities  9,036   4,826    8,430    6,953   9,514  10,416    6,846   7,352   9,466   13,237   7,740   7,971   26,749    2,930   2,268   6,356  140,090
Long-term liabilities
Long-term loan                                                                                                                                                        0
Other                     2,666              558            2,718            2,676   6,202   1,435              501   1,681    5,636              826            24,899
Total long-term liabilities  2,666   0     558        0   2,718        0    2,676   6,202   1,435        0     501   1,681    5,636        0     826       0   24,899
Total liabilhies         11,702   4,826    8,988   6,953   12,232   10,416    9,522  13,554  10,901   13,237   8,241    9,652   32,385    2,930   3,094   6,356  164,989
Net assets
Unrestricted
Unappropriated          2,101    4,715   4,777    3,070   2,674   4,124    2,857   7,177   4,001    6,177   4,374   4,227    8,681      866   3,266  (1,285)  61,802
Appropriated           11,239    3,003  14,320    4,109   7,874    1,285    8,544  18,421    3,807   13,066  25,375   3,256   19,698    807   2,697   2,525  140,026
Restricted                                                                                                                                                           0
Permanently                                                                                                                                                        0
Temporarily              286                               747                                                                                                  1,033
Totalnetassets        13,626   7,718   19,097    7,179  11,295    5,409   11,401  25,598   7,808   19,243  29,749   7,483   28,379    1,673   5,963   1,240  202,861
Total liabilities/net assets  25,328   12,544  28,085   14,132   23,527   15,825   20,923  39,152  18,709   32,480  37,990  17,135   60,764    4,603   9,057   7,596  367,850
Ratios/indicators
Current ratio               1.63     2.15    1.63     1.55    2.01     1.47     1.25    3.52    1.32     1.91    2.39     1.90     1.44    1.40    2.85    0.80      1.74
Workingcapital-in U.S.dollars  5,717   5,540   5,335    3,824   9,656   4,899    1,691  18,519   3,000   12,097  10,770   7,194   11,644    1,159   4,197  11,285) 103,958
Workingcnpphtl-indays         71      160      50       69     151      172      30    290        52     147      148     122      130       52     172     (50)    112
Operating fund - in days      26      137      45      55       42      145      50    112        69      75       60      72       97       39     134     (50)      67
78                                                                        4        CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



TABLE A4.2 CAPITAL INVESTMENTS BY CENTERS, 1996-2000
(millions of U.S. dollars)
1996           1997           1998           1999          2000
CIAT                         1.0             2.4            3.1            1.5             1.3
CIFOR                        0.7             1.2            0.6            0.5            0.6
CIMMYT                       3.0             1.1            1.6            1.5             1.4
CIP                          0.8            0.5             1.1            0.6             1.6
ICARDA                       2.8            2.6             1.1            1.2             1.1
ICLARM                       0.5             1.5            0.9            0.3            0.2
ICRAF                        0.5            0.0             7.4            1.1            0.4
ICRISAT                      4.4             1.4            0.1            1.6             1.6
IFPRI                        0.3            0.2             0.1            0.2            0.2
IITA                         2.9            3.6             2.0            3.0             1.8
ILRI                         3.2             1.4            1.6            2.1             1.4
IPGRI                        1.3            0.6             0.3            0.4            0.5
IRRI                         1.6             1.8            3.0            2.5             1.5
ISNAR                        0.1            0.2             0.2            0.2            0.4
IWMI                         0.7            0.6             0.6            0.4            0.3
WARDA                        0.5             1.1            2.0            0.9             0.7
Totol                       24.4           20.3            25.7           18.0            14.9
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 ANNEX 4                                                                           79



TABLE A5. 1 CGIAR TOTAL INVESTMENTS, 1972-2000
(millions of current U.S. dollars and percentages)
S         %          S         %          S         %          S %  $               S          %         S          %          S         %
(enter
CIAT                         31       15%         75       12%         116       11%       158        11%        172       10%      127.0        9%        679       11%
CIFOR                                                                                                             26        2%       47.0        3%         73        1%
CIMMYT                       42       21%         81       13%         118       12%        163       11%        153        9%      137.7       10%        694       11%
(IP                          12        6%         37        6%          60        6%       100         7%        116        7%       89.3        7%        414        7%
10ARDA                        1       0.5%        52        8%        101        10%       117         8%        111        7%       97.4        7%        479        8%
ICLARM                                                                                                            35        2%       41.7        3%         77        1%
1(RAF                                                                                                             78        5%       85.8        6%        164        3%
10RISAT                      20       10%         69       11%        117        11%       191        13%        159       10%       94.8        7%        651       10%
IFPRI                                              8         1%         28        3%         51        4%         69        4%       79.1        6%        235        4%
IITA                         41       20%         92       15%         151       15%        178       12%        174       10%      124.1        9%        759       12%
ILRI                         14        7%         84       14%         119       12%        167       12%        134        8%      107.4        8%        625       10%
IPGRI                         1       0.5%        12        2%          21        2%        34         2%         82        5%       82.4        6%        232        4%
IRRI                         40       20%         94       15%         138       14%        181       13%        207       12%      130.0       10%        789       13%
ISNAR                                              3       0.5%         22        2%        43         3%         54        3%       38.2        3%        160        3%
IWMI                                                                                                              46        3%       36.3        3%         82        1%
WARDA                         2         1%         13       2%          29        3%         40        3%         47        3%       39.5        3%        171        3%
TOTAL                    204      100%        617      100%       1,021      100%      1,422      100%      1,663      100%      1,358      100%       6,284     100%
Undertakingl
Productivity                151       74%        433       70%        648       63%        893        63%        757       46%        496       37%      3,377       54%
Environment                  13        6%         56        9%         93         9%        98         7%        245       15%        250       18%        755       12%
Biodiversity                  1       0.5%        15        2%          33        3%        55         4%        140        8%        144       11%        388        6%
Policy                                             7         1%         27        3%         38        3%        172       10%        172       13%        416        7%
NARS                         40       19%        106       17%        220        22%       338        24%        349       21%        296       22%      1,348       21%
TOTAL                    204      100%        617      100%       1,021      100%      1,422      100%      1,663      100%      1,358      100%       6,284     100%
Commodity sector2
(ereals                     114       56%        274       46%        465        49%       626        48%        601       42%        448       39%      2,528       45%
Rice                      51       25%        126       21%         210       22%        269       21%        283       20%        207       18%       1,146      20%
Wheat                     22        11%         65       11%        105       11%        127       10%        120        8%         92         8%       531        9%
Maize                     28        14%         51        9%         82        9%        123        9%        114        8%         80         7%       478        8%
Legumes                      31       15%        111       19%         170       18%       221        17%        191       13%        161       14%        885       16%
Roots and tubers             29       14%         82       14%         128       13%       198        15%        229       16%        172       15%        839       15%
Bananas/plantains                                                                                                 61        4%         34        3%         95        2%
ProductionSectors        174       86%        467       79%         763       80%      1,045       81%      1,082       75%        815       71%      4,346       77%
Livestock                    29       14%        126       21%        187        20%       250        19%        222       15%        149       13%        964       17%
Trees                                                                                                            101        7%        138       12%        239        4%
Fish                                                                                                              35        2%         46        4%         81        1 %
TOTAL                    204      100%        594      100%         949      100%      1,295      100%      1,440      100%      1,148      100%       5,630     100%
Region
Sub-Saharan Africa           86       42%        272       44%        449        44%       603        42%        656       39%        558       40%      2,623       42%
Asia                         70       34%        178       29%        285        28%       417        29%        537       32%        433       31%      1,919       30%
Latin America and the Caribbean 39    19%         96       16%         155       15%       221        16%        277       17%        232       17%      1,019       16%
West Asia and North Africa    9         4%        71       12%         134       13%        182       13%        192       12%        136        10%       723       12%
TOTAL                    204      100%        617      100%       1,021      100%      1,423      100%      1,662      100%      1,358      100%       6,284     100%
Object
Personnel                    87       43%        312       51%        564        55%       778        55%        900       54%        676       50%      3,316       53%
Supplies/services            58       28%        183       30%         302       30%       423        30%        540       32%        509       37%      2,015       32%
Travel                       11         5%        35         6%         70        7%        106        7%        110        7%         97        7%        429        7%
Capital/depreciation         48       24%         87       14%         85         8%       116         8%        112        7%         76        6%        524        8%
TOTAL                    204      100%        617       100%      1,021      100%      1,423      100%      1,662      100%      1,358      100%       6,284     100%
Note: Non-agenda investments are assumed to be in the some proportions as agenda investments. Values include all overhead costs.
I Certain assumptions were made to calculate values in environment and biodiversity undertakings from 1972 to 199 1.
2 The total for commodities is lower than in the other categories since not all Centers have commodity activity.
80                                                                       4;  CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



TABLE A5.2 CGIAR TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND SOURCES OF REVENUE, 1991-2000
(millions of U.S. dollars)
1991 U  R 1992 U  R 1993 U  R 1994 U  R 1995 U  R 1996 U  R 1997 U R1998 U  R 1999 U  R 2000 U  R
CIAT    34.1  25.2   8.9  32.2  23.8   8.4  33.3  25.5   7.0  35.1  25.4   9.7  34.6  23.0  11.6  36.8  24.5  12.3  33.3  20.6  12.7  33.5  19.0  14.5  30.7  16.3  14.4  29.5  13.2  16.3
CIFOR                                          2.4   2.4         4.8   4.5   0.3   8.9   7.2  1.7   9.7   7.1   2.6  10.6   8.5   2.1  11.1   7.2   3.9  12.7   8.6   4.1  12.6   1.2   5.4
CIMMYT  34.4  23.5  10.9  33.7  24.9   8.   32.8  23.8   9.0  29.0  20.1   8.3  27.1  16.9  10.2  30.2  18.2  12.0  30.4  19.4  11.0  32.2  18.8  13.4  37.4  18.7  18.7  39.0  15.5  23.5
(IP     23.6  17.7   5.9  21.1  14.7   7.0  21.5  13.1   8.4  22.4  13.5   8.9  24.0  13.4  10.6  26.1  12.9  13.2  25.5  15.1  10.4  21.7  13.1   8.6  21.6  12.9   8.7  20.2  10.6   9.6
JL4RDA  22.0  18.1   3.9  20.6  16.3   4.3  21.2  17.2   4.0  22.7  16.0   6.7  23.4  16.1   7.3  23.2  12.1  11.1  27.6  16.0  R16  23.6  12.2  11.4  22.8  1 1.8  11.0  23.4  10.6  12.8
ICL.ARM                     6.1   1.3   4.8   7.2   3.1   4.1   6.5   2.7   3.8   7.1   3.6   3.5   8.6   4.0   4.6   8.5   5.1   3.4  10.4   6.6   3.8  12.4   7.2   5.2  10.4   5.1   5.3
ICRAF                      13.1   5.5   7.6  13.8   6.0   7.8  16.7   5.2  11.5  16.8   7.3  9.5  17.4   7.4  10.0  22.2   9.1  13.1  21.1   9.5  11.6  21.8   8.9  12.9  20.7   7.3  13.4
ICRISAT  36.5  23.0  13.5  32.9  18.9  14.0  31.8  20.9  10.9  29.6  20.3   9.3  33.4  26.1  7.3  31.1  22.1   9.0  27.5  20.4   7.1  21.8  15.4   6.4  23.2  15.4   7.8  23.3  13.8   9.5
IFPRI    13.5   6.1   6.8  13.4   7.1   6.3  12.5   6.9   5.6  13.1   6.7   6.4  13.8   8.5  5.3  16.2   8.5   7.7  18.1   9.3   8.8  18.6   8.7   9.9  20.1   8.2  11.9  21.2   9.1  12.1
IITA    34.3  20.0  14.3  35.7  19.4  16.3  34.3  19.0  15.3  33.8  20.1  13.7  33.2  21.2  12.0  37.2  24.2  13.0  31.9  1 8.1  13.8  29.4  16.1  13.3  32.7  17.9  14.8  30.1  16.7  13.4
ILRI    35.0  28.9   6.1  32.9  28.4   4.5  26.0  22.4   3.6  23.9  18.9   5.0  25.7  21.7  4.0  25.9  21.0   4.9  26.7  20.9   5.8  27.7  21.5   6.3  26.5  14.8  11.   26.5  16.2  10.3
IPGRI    8.1   7.2   0.9  12.3  10.8   1.5  13.6  10.3   3.3  16.3   8.5   7.8  19.6  12.9  6.7  20.0  12.1   7.9  19.6  12.6   7.0  21.7  13.9   7.9  20.4  12.6   7.8  21.5  10.7  10.8
IRRI    38.7  25.9  12.8  41.7  24.7  17.0  44.8  23.2  21.6  40.0  24.3  15.7  40.3  25.5  14.8  40.0  25.1  14.9  35.0  23.6  11.4  35.0  23.4  11.6  35.1  22.3  12.8  32.6  17.5  15.1
ISNAR   1 0.8   7.8   3.0  10.7   6.6   4.1  10.4  6.11  4.3  10.5   6.3   4.2  11.5   6.3  5.2  11.2   5.7   5.5  10.4   7.6   2.8   9.9   1.6   2.3   9.7   7.1   2.6   8.2   4.9  133
IWMI                        9.1   3.0   6.1   8.9   3.1   5.8   8.8   4.4   4.4   9.4   3.6  5.8  10.2   4.9   5.3  10.1   5.3   4.8   9.2   4.8   4.4   8.8   6.0   2.8   8.9   5.4   3.5
WARDA  13.7  12.1   1.6  10.1   5.2   4.9   9.1   4.7   4.4   8.7   4.1   4.6   9.2   4.0  5.2   9.8   6.2   3.6   9.2   5.5   3.7   9.9   5.1   4.8  10.9   6.7   4.2   9.4   6.5   2.9
Total    305  216    89   326   211   116   323  208   116   322   202   120   338  217  121   354   216   138   347   217   130   337   203   134   347   195   151  338   171   167
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 ANNEX 5                                                                                                                                          81



TABLE A6.1  CGIAR PROGRAM AND RESOURCE HIGHLIGHTS, 1996-2000
ACTUAL                                 1996              1997             1998              1999              2000
Center income (millions of U.S. dollars)
Agenda funding                          304               320              340               330               331
(of which percent unrestricted)         68%              64%               61%              54%               50%
Center earned income                      14               13                13               11                14
Other income (non-agenda, and so on)     28                14                 0                0                 0
Advance/draw on reserves                                                                                         5
Total                                 346              346               353               340              350
Membership agenda support (millions of U.S. dollars)
Europe                                  112               141              148               126               128
Pacific Rim                              43                40               44                48                44
North America                            44                51               52                52                54
Developing countries                      8                11                13               15                14
International and regional organizations  85               63               61                66                66
Foundations                               6                 6                 7                6                 7
Non-Members                               5                 7                12               15                19
Total                                 304               320              340               330              331
Top three contributors
World Bank       World Bank        World Bank       World Bank        World Bank
Japan      United States     United States          Japan       United States
United States          Japan             Japan      United States           Japan
Staffing (number)
Internationally recruited staff         897               862              893               907              873
Support staff                         9,416             8,016            7,458             7,721             7,642
Agenda program expenditures (percent)
Increasing productivity                 40%              40%               37%               34%              36%
(of which germplosm enhancement/breeding) 18%             19%              18%               18%               18%
Protecting the environment              17%              17%               19%              20%               18%
Saving biodiversity                     11%              11%               11%               10%              10%
Improving policies                      12%               11%              12%               13%              14%
Strengthening NARS                      21%              21%               21%              23%               22%
(of which training)                      8%               8%                8%                9%               9%
Total (millions of U.S. dollars)      326              333               337               347              338
Object expenditures (percent)
Personnel                               53%              51%               50%              50%               49%
Supplies/services                       34%              36%               37%               38%              39%
Travel                                   7%                7%               7%                7%                7%
Depreciation                             6%               6%                6%                5%               5%
Regional expenditures (percent)
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)                39%              41%               41%              42%               42%
Asia                                    33%              30%               32%               32%              32%
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)   17%              17%               18%               17%              17%
West Asia and North Africa (WANA)       12%               12%              10%                9%               9%
Center financial information
Unappropriated net assets              45.0              43.0              51.5             44.0              61.8
Appropriated net assets               277.0             272.8             271.4            219.2             141.1
Annual Center cost change (percent)    4.5%              2.6%              1.0%             0.2%              0.3%
Short-term liquidity indicators
Working capital (days expenditure)      105               114               127              122               112
Current ratio                           1.53             1.72              1.80              1.63             1.74
Longer-term sustainability indicator
Unappropriated net assets/revenue (percentl 13%           13%              15%               13%              18%
Fixed asset indicators
Capital expenditure (millions of U.S. dollars) 25.0      21.7              22.2              17.9             14.9
Capital expenditure/depreciation (percent)  127%        105%              110%              100%              93%
82                                                       4f  CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



TABLE A6.2 CIAT PROGRAM AND RESOURCE HIGHLIGHTS, 1996-2000
ACTUAL                                1996              1997             1998             1999              2000
Center income (millions of U.S. dollars)
Agenda funding                         31.1             31.7             32.1              28.7             29.2
(of which percent unrestricted;        66%              60%              55%               50%
Center earned income                    2.1              1.6              0.9               0.6               1.0
Other income (non-agenda, and so on)
Advance/draw on reserves                                                                                      0.6
Total                                33.2             33.3             33.0              29.3              30.7
Membership agenda support (millions of U.S. dollars)
Europe                                 11.0             12.3             13.4              10.0              10.2
Pacific Rim                             4.6              4.1              4.4               5.0               4.2
North America                           5.0              4.5              4.6               4.6               4.4
Developing countries                    2.0              2.6              2.6               2.7               2.3
International and regional organizations  6.8            6.0              4.4               4.4               5.4
Foundations                             1.1              1.1              1.2               0.5               0.7
Non-Members                             0.6              1.1              1.5               1.4               2.0
Total                                31.1             31.7             32.1              28.7              29.2
Top three contributors
World Bank       World Bank            Japan            Japan             Japan
Japan            Japan       World Bank        World Bank       World Bank
United States    United States    United States     United States    United States
Staffing (number)
Internationally recruited staff          76               60               64                62               58
Support staff                           650              678              639               610              638
Agenda program expenditures (percent)
Increasing productivity                42%              44%              43%               41%               42%
(of which germplasm enhancement/breeding) 30%           30%              28%               27%               26%
Protecting the environment             16%              17%              21%               22%               23%
Saving biodiversity                    17%               15%              13%               13%              15%
Improving policies                      4%               4%               5%                7%                5%
Strengthening NARS                     21%              19%              18%               17%               16%
(of which training)                     6%               6%               5%                5%                5%
Total (millions of U.S. dollars)       36.9             33.3             33.5              30.7              29.6
Object expenditures (percent)
Personnel                              66%              60%              53%               52%               52%
Supplies/services                      25%              28%              36%               36%               36%
Travel                                  5%                6%               7%               8%                7%
Depreciation                            4%               5%               4%                5%                4%
Regional expenditures (percent)
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)               16%              23%              22%               23%               23%
Asia                                   12%                8%               8%               10%              12%
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)  71%              67%              68%               66%               63%
West Asia and North Africa (WANA)        1%               1%               2%               2%                2%
Center financial information
Unappropriated net assets               0.7              4.1              4.2               2.8               2.1
Capital fund balance, Dec. 31          22.2             19.9             19.4              19.3              11 .5
Annual Center cost change (percent))  4.7%              4.4%            (0.2%)            (2.9%)           (1 9%)
Short-term liquidity indicators
Working capital (days expenditure)       33               52               40                19               71
Current ratio                           1.2              1.5               1.5              1.2               1.6
Longer-term sustainability indicator
Operating fund / revenue (percent)      2%               12%              13%              10%                7%
Fixed asset indicators
Capital expenditure (millions of U.S. dollars)  1.0      2.4              3.0               2.7               1.3
Capital expenditure / depreciation (percent)  60%      131%             214%              183%              108%
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 ANNEX 6                                                                                        83



TABLE A6.3 CIFOR PROGRAM AND RESOURCE HIGHLIGHTS, 1996-2000
ACTUAL                                 1996              1997               1998          1999              2000
Center income (millions of U.S. dollars)
Agenda funding                          8.7               10.6              11.3           11.5              12.2
(of which percent unrestricted)        82%                80%               65%            64%               55%
Center earned income                    0.4                0.4               0.4            0.4               0.4
Other income (non-agenda, and so on)    0.3
Advance/draw on reserves                                                                                      0.3
Total                                 9.4              11.0               11.7           11.9             12.9
Membership agenda support (millions of U.S. dollars)
Europe                                  4.4               4.9                6.1            4.7               6.2
Pacific Rim                             2.1               2.5                2.1            2.6               1.6
North America                           1.0                1.6               1.0            1.1               1.0
Developing countries                    0.6               0.6                0.2            0.2              0.3
International and regional organizations  0.6              1.1               1.5            2.0               2.2
Foundations                                               0.1                0.1            0.1              0.0
Non-Members                                                                  0.3            0.8              0.9
Total                                 8.7              10.6               11.3           11.5             12.2
Top three contributors
Japan             Japan             Japan          Japan             Japan
European Commission  European Commission  European Commission  World Bank  World Bank
United States     United States      World Bank    Netherlands        Netherlands
Staffing (number)
Internationally recruited staff          32                31                31             30                37
Support staff                            78                64                 74             86              118
Agenda program expenditures (percent)
Increasing productivity                22%                25%               23%            24%               25%
(of which germpfasm enhancement/breeding)  0%              0%                0%             0%                0%
Protecting the environment             34%                33%               35%            35%               30%
Saving biodiversity                    16%                16%               13%            13%               13%
Improving policies                     18%               20%                21%            21%               22%
Strengthening NARS                     10%                 6%                8%             6%               10%
(of which training)                     2%                 3%                2%             2%                2%
Total (millions of U.S. dollars)      9.4              10.6               10.6           12.7             12.6
Object expenditures (percent)
Personnel                              44%               42%                42%            44%              46%
Supplies/services                      46%               48%                47%            46%              44%
Travel                                  6%                 6%                7%             6%                6%
Depreciation                            4%                 5%                5%             4%                5%
Regional expenditures (percent)
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)               25%                27%               28%            29%               30%
Asia                                   46%               41%                39%            37%               37%
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)  29%                32%               33%            34%               34%
West Asia and North Africa (WANA)       0%                 0%                0%             0%                0%
Center financial information
Unappropriated net assets               4.5               4.6                5.3            4.5              4.7
Appropriated net assets                 3.0                3.0               3.0            2.7               3.0
Annual Center cost change (percent)    2.8%             (1.2%)            (5.7%)         11.6%              2.0%
Short-term liquidity indicators
Working capital (days expenditure)     249                199               210            147               160
Current ratio                           2.7               2.7                2.5            1.9               2.2
Longer-term sustainability indicator
Operating fund/revenue (percent))      48%               42%                45%            38%               37%
Fixed asset indicators
Capital expenditure (millions of U.S. dollars)  0.7        1.2               0.6            1.0               0.6
Capital expenditure/depreciation (percent)  187%        240%               126%           200%              100%
84                                                           CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



TABLE A6.4 CIMMYT PROGRAM AND RESOURCE HIGHLIGHTS, 1996-2000
ACTUAL                              1996                 1997                1998            1999             2000
Center income (millions of U.S. dollars)
Agenda funding                      27.4                 28.6                 30.1           33.8              37.5
(of which percent unrestricted)      66%                 62%                  55%            45%               37%
Center earned income                  1 .9                 1.8                  1.4            0.4               1.3
Other income (non-agenda, and so on)    1.6
Advance/draw on reserves                                                                                         0.4
Total                             30.9                 30.4                 31.5           34.2              39.2
Membership agenda support (millions of U.S. dollars)
Europe                               8.3                  9.8                  9.7           10.2              10.7
Pacific Rim                           3.5                 3.3                  3.6            4.4                4.4
North America                         5.8                 6.2                  6.5            6.4                6.7
Developing countries                  0.7                  1.6                 1.6             1.8              2.1
International and regional organizations   8.3            6.3                  6.7            6.7               7.1
Foundations                           0.7                 0.8                  1.1             0.8               1.2
Non-Members                           0.2                 0.6                  1.0             3.5               5.2
Total                             27.4                 28.6                 30.1           33.8              37.5
Top three contributors
World Bank         United States        United States    United States   United States
United States        World Bank           World Bank     World Bank        World Bank
Japan European Commission European Commission           Japan             Japan
Staffing (number)
Internationally recruited staff       82                   81                   88             86                86
Support staff                        669                  746                  744            746               795
Agenda program expenditures (percent)
Increasing productivity              34%                 36%                  36%             36%              37%
(of which germplasm enhancement/breeding) 25%            29%                  29%             29%              29%
Protecting the environment           27%                 20%                  19%             19%               19%
Saving biodiversity                  12%                  13%                  14%            14%               14%
Improving policies                    4%                  4%                   4%              4%                4%
Strengthening NARS                   23%                 27%                  27%             27%               26%
(of which training)                   9%                  14%                 14%             14%               14%
Total (millions of U.S. dollars)  28.8                 30.4                 32.2           36.1              39.1
Object expenditures (percent)
Personnel                            50%                 54%                  52%             52%              52%
Supplies/services                    36%                 35%                  37%             39%               39%
Travel                                8%                   7%                   7%             5%                6%
Depreciation                          6%                   5%                  4%              4%                4%
Regional expenditures (percent)
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)             21%                 32%                  32%             36%               37%
Asia                                 37%                  32%                 32%             30%               28%
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) 27%                26%                  26%             24%              25%
West Asia and North Africa (WANA)   15%                   10%                  10%            10%               10%
Center financial information
Unappropriated net assets             8.5                 8.1                  7.4             5.0               4.8
Appropriated net assets              13.8                13.8                 14.0            14.3             14.3
Annual Center cost change (percent)   8.6%               9.3%                 1.0%           7.0%              6.4%
Short-term liquidity indicators
Working capital (days expenditurel   103                   99                   84             48                50
Current ratio                         1.5                 3.0                  2.5             1 .5              1.6
Longer-term sustainability indicator
Operating fund/revenue (percent)     27%                 27%                  23%             15%               13%
Fixed asset indicators
Capital expenditure (millions of U.S. dollars) 3.0         1.1                 1.3             1.3               1.4
Capital expenditure/depreciation (percent)  190%         79%                  94%             93%              100%
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 ANNEX 6                                                                                           85



TABLE A6.5 CIP PROGRAM AND RESOURCE HIGHLIGHTS, 1996-2000
ACTUAL                                1996             1997              1998             1999            2000
Center income (millions of U.S. dollars)
Agenda funding                        22.7             22.6              22.2             20.0             19.9
(of which percent unrestricted)       56%              57%               61%              56%              52%
Center earned income                   0.2               1.3              0.4              0.3              0.6
Other income (non-agenda, and so on)    1.5              0.8
Advance/draw on reserves                                                                                    0.6
Total                               24.4             24.8              22.6             20.3             21.0
Membership agenda support (millions of U.S. dollars)
Europe                                14.0             14.4              13.9             10.4            10.41
Pacific Rim                             2.0              1.5              1.8              2.1             1.86
North America                          2.0              2.5               2.7              2.9             3.08
Developing countries                   0.3              0.4               0.5              0.4             0.51
International and regional organizations  4.1           3.8               3.1              4.2             3.63
Foundations                                                               0.2              0.1             0.08
Non-Members                            0.3                                0.0              0.1             0.32
Total                               22.7             22.6              22.2             20.0             19.9
Top three contributors
Switzerland      Switzerland      Switzerland      Switzerland      Switzerland
European Commission      World Bank        World Bank       World Bank       World Bank
Germany       United States    United States    United States    United States
Staffing (number)
Internationally recruited staff         63               64                62               64               58
Support staff                          576              519              477              607              529
Agenda program expenditures (percent)
Increasing productivity               50%              43%               43%              40%              59%
(of which germplasm enhancement/breeding) 17%          25%               25%              24%              34%
Protecting the environment             15%             26%               26%              25%               0%
Saving biodiversity                    15%               9%               9%              10%              15%
Improving policies                      7%               5%               5%               7%               9%
Strengthening NARS                     12%              17%              17%              17%              16%
(of which training)                     7%               6%               6%               5%               0%
Total (millions of U.S. dollars)    24.6             24.7              21.7             22.7             20.2
Object expenditures (percent)
Personnel                             47%              46%               48%              48%              44%
Supplies/services                     41%              42%               42%              41%              48%
Travel                                  9%               9%               7%               8%               6%
Depreciation                            3%               3%               3%               3%               2%
Regional expenditures (percent)
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)               16%              18%              18%              18%              18%
Asia                                   49%              51%              51%              51%              51%
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)  28%              26%              26%              26%              26%
West Asia and North Africa (WANA)       7%               5%               5%               5%               5%
Center financial information
Unappropriated net assets               1.1              1.1              1.5              0.2              3.1
Appropriated net assets                12.2             12.2             12.4             12.4              4.1
Annual Center cost change (percent)   3.9%             3.5%              1.7%           (0.4%)             2.5%
Short-term liquidity indicators
Working capital (days expenditure)      58               57                66               35               69
Current ratio                           1.4              1.4              1.7              1.4              1.6
Longer-term sustainability indicator
Operating fund/revenue (percent)        4%               4%               7%                1%             15%
Fixed asset indicators
Capital expenditure (millions of U.S. dollars)    0.8   0.5               1.2              1.1              1.6
Capital expenditure/depreciation (percent)    114%      78%             188%             154%             320%
86                                                      4 CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



TABLE A6.6 ICARDA PROGRAM AND RESOURCE HIGHLIGHTS, 1996-2000
ACTUAL                                 1996                1997                  1998         1999           2000
Center income (millions of U.S. dollars)
Agenda funding                          21.1                22.0                 25.2          19.5          22.1
(of which percent unrestricted)         55%                 48%                  55%           44%           42%
Center earned income                     1.3                 0.4                  1.2           0.8           1.1
Other income (non-agenda, and so on)     0.6
Advance/draw on reserves                                                                                      0.5
Total                                23.0                22.5                  26.4         20.4           23.7
Membership agenda support (millions of U.S. dollars)
Europe                                  10.8                10.6                  9.9           6.6          8.01
Pacific Rim                              0.9                 1.0                  1.1           1.2          1.14
North America                            1.7                 2.1                  2.2           2.1          2.07
Developing countries                     1.3                 1.8                  2.5           2.8          2.39
International and regional organizations  6.1                5.2                  8.1           5.5          7.21
Foundations                              0.1                 0.1                                0.1          0.08
Non-Members                              0.2                 1.4                  1.4           1.3          1.22
Total                                21.1                22.0                  25.2          19.5          22.1
Top three contributors
World Bank European Commission           World Bank   World Bank    World Bank
European Commission         World Bank  European Commission    Arab Fund       Arab Fund
Netherlands           Germany           United States  United States   United States
Staffing (number)
Internationally recruited staff          85                  76                    83           92             94
Support staff                           395                 390                   323          330            330
Agenda program expenditures (percent)
Increasing productivity                 43%                 50%                  47%           41%           41%
(of which germplasm enhancement/breeding) 22%               24%                  22%           21%            18%
Protecting the environment              16%                 16%                  20%           22%           22%
Saving biodiversity                     10%                 11%                  13%           15%            17%
Improving policies                       4%                  5%                   5%            5%             6%
Strengthening NARS                      26%                 19%                   16%          17%            14%
(of which training)                      4%                  6%                   4%            5%             3%
Total (millions of U.S. dollars)     23.1                27.6                  23.6         22.7           23.4
Object expenditures (percent)
Personnel                               40%                 38%                  37%           42%           38%
Supplies/services                       41%                 43%                  46%           43%           46%
Travel                                   9%                 10%                    9%          10%            11%
Depreciation                            10%                  9%                   8%            5%             5%
Regional expenditures (percent)
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)                 0%                  0%                   15%          15%            15%
Asia                                     1%                  1%                   12%          12%            12%
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)    1%                  1%                    1%           3%             3%
West Asia and North Africa (WANA)       98%                 98%                  71%           70%           71%
Center financial information
Unappropriated net assets                3.8               10.8)                  0.6          (1.2)          2.7
Appropriated net assets                 30.2                30.4                 30.6          12.0            8.6
Annual Center cost change (percent)    4.6%                2.6%                  1.3%         1.1%           0.1%
Short-term liquidity indicators
Working capital (days expenditure)      154                 107                   159          147            151
Current ratio                            1.7                 1.9                  1.8           1.7           2.0
Longer-term sustainability indicator
Operating fund/revenue (percent)        17%                 (4%)                   2%          (6%)           11%
Fixed asset indicators
Capital expenditure (millions of U.S. dollars)   2.8         2.6                   1.4          1.1            1 .1
Capital expenditure/depreciation (percent)  122%           109%                  70%           91%           92%
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 ANNEX 6                                                                                        87



TABLE A6.7 ICLARM PROGRAM AND RESOURCE HIGHLIGHTS, 1996-2000
ACTUAL                                   1996             1997             1998               1999              2000
Center income (millions of U.S. dollars)
Agenda funding                            9.5              8.8              10.6              14.2              12.0
(of which percent unrestricted)          62%              63%               65%               63%               56%
Center earned income                      0.4              0.2               0.3               0.2               0.5
Other income (non-agenda, and so on)      0.2
Advance/draw on reserves                                                                                         0.3
Total                                  10.1              9.0              10.9              14.4              12.8
Membership agenda support (millions of U.S. dollars)
Europe                                    4.3             4.40               5.4               5.2              4.43
Pacific Rim                               0.8             0.79               1.0               1.4              1.52
North America                             0.8             0.85               0.9               1.3              2.13
Developing countries                      0.8             0.43               0.5               0.5              0.43
International and regional organizations  2.3             2.04               2.6               5.5              3.13
Foundations                               0.3             0.16               0.3               0.0              0.09
Non-Members                               0.2             0.14               0.1               0.4              0.27
Total                                   9.5              8.8              10.6              14.2              12.0
Top three contributors
World Bank European Commission European Commission  World Bank         World Bank
Netherlands     World Bank          Denmark European Commission European Commission
Denmark          Denmark        World Bank        United States     United States
Staffing (number)
Internationally recruited staff            21               27               30                 30                24
Support staff                             207              179              261                291               225
Agenda program expenditures (percent)
Increasing productivity                  38%              36%               33%               26%               45%
fof which germplasm enhancement/breeding)  13%            20%               19%               12%                10%
Protecting the environment               17%              17%               18%               38%               25%
Saving biodiversity                       7%              16%               10%                 1%                1%
Improving policies                       16%              16%               19%               15%               13%
Strengthening NARS                       22%              16%               20%               19%               15%
(of which training)                        1%              2%                8%                7%                 6%
Total (millions of U.S. dollars)        8.7              8.6              10.4              12.3              10.4
Object expenditures (percent)
Personnel                                47%              58%               50%               45%               44%
Supplies/services                        42%              29%               37%               46%               47%
Travel                                     9%              9%               11%                7%                 9%
Depreciation                              2%               4%                2%                2%                0%
Regional expenditures (percent)
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)                  6%              30%               30%               30%               31%
Asia                                     89%              62%               62%               58%               58%
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)     2%               3%                3%                4%                4%
West Asia and North Africa (WANA)         3%               5%                5%                8%                 8%
Center financial information
Unappropriated net assets                 0.7              1.6               1.5               1.9               4.1
Appropriated net assets                   2.5              4.3               5.2                1.3               1.3
Annual Center cost change (percent)      4.1%             0.2%            (4.6%)              4.7%             (0.9%)
Short-term liquidity indicators
Working capital (days expenditure)         50              104               88                 74               172
Current ratio                             1.3              1.3               1.3               1.5                1.5
Longer-term sustainability indicotor
Operating fund/revenue (percent)          7%              1 7%              14%               13%               32%
Fixed asset indicators
Capital expenditure (millions of U.S. dollars)   0.5       1.5               1.2               0.0               0.2
Capital expenditure/depreciation (percent)  250%         510%              479%                0%              513%
88                                                       4, CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTJRAL RESEARCH



TABLE A6.8 ICRAF PROGRAM AND RESOURCE HIGHLIGHTS, 1996-2000
ACTUAL                                 1996              1997             1998             1999             2000
Center income (millions of U.S. dollars)
Agenda funding                          17.4             21.8             20.4              20.6            21.4
(of which percent unrestricted)         42%              40%               43%              38%             37%
Center earned income                     0.7              0.4               0.9              0.7             0.8
Other income (non-agenda, and so on)     0.7
Advance/draw on reserves                                                                                     0.1
Total                                 18.8             22.2             21.3              21.3            22.4
Membership agenda support (millions of U.S. dollars)
Europe                                   8.5             11.5              11.6             10.3           11.33
Pacific Rim                              1.1               1.0              1.2              1.3            1.26
North America                            2.9              3.4               3.2              3.7            3.55
Developing countries                     0.0              0.1               0.3              0.3            0.15
International and regional organizations  3.1             3.9               2.8              4.0            4.02
Foundations                              1.3              1.1               1.0              0.6            0.49
Non-Members                              0.5              0.6               0.4              0.5             0.6
Total                                 17.4             21.8             20.4              20.6            21.4
Top three contributors
Canada           Canada           Canada            Canada          Canada
Sweden          Denmark        World Bank           Sweden          Sweden
World Bank       World Bank       Netherlands      Netherlands      Netherlands
Staffing (number)
Internationally recruited staff          53                50               56                52              47
Support staff                            355              256              313              305              258
Agenda program expenditures (percent)
Increasing productivity                 48%              58%               40%              33%             29%
(of which germplasm enhancement/breeding)   7%            7%                4%               5%               5%
Protecting the environment              14%               12%              18%              23%              23%
Saving biodiversity                      8%                7%               9%               4%               4%
Improving policies                      11%                9%              11%              15%              17%
Strengthening NARS                      19%               14%              22%              25%              28%
(of which training)                      8%                9%              17%              17%             20%
Total (millions of U.S. dollars)      17.3             22.2             21.1              21.8            20.8
Object expenditures (percent)
Personnel                               61%              50%               58%              53%             54%
Supplies/services                       28%              39%               26%              31%             31%
Travel                                   6%                5%               9%              11%              11%
Depreciation                             5%               6%                7%               5%               5%
Regional expenditures (percent)
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)                80%              76%               81%              79%              76%
Asia                                    12%               17%              12%              14%              17%
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)    9%                7%               7%               7%               7%
West Asia and North Africa (WANA)        0%                0%               0%               0%               0%
Center financial information
Unappropriated net assets                0.3               1.5              1.7              1.8             2.9
Appropriated net assets                  6.0              8.4               8.5              8.3              8.5
Annual Center cost change (percent)    5.1%              4.1%             2.4%             (1.8%)          (0.9%)
Short-term liquidity indicators
Working capital (days expenditure)        51               39               79                79              30
Current ratio                            1.3               1.3              1.3              1.5              1.3
Longer-term sustainability indicator
Operating fund/revenue (percent)         2%                7%               8%               8%              13%
Fixed asset indicators
Capital expenditure (millions of U.S. dollars)   0.5       1.3              1 .9             0.8             0.4
Capital expenditure/depreciation (percent)    63%       101%              129%              72%             40%
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 ANNEX 6                                                                                        89



TABLE A6.9 ICRISAT PROGRAM AND RESOURCE HIGHLIGHTS, 1996-2000
ACTUAL                                1996              1997             1998             1999              2000
Center income (millions of U.S. dollars)
Agenda funding                         27.5             26.9             26.5              21.2             21 .3
(of which percent unrestricted)        82%              76%              76%               63%              56%
Center earned income                    0.7              0.9               1.2              1.4               1.7
Other income (non-agenda, and so on)    4.1              0.8
Advance/draw on reserves                                                                                     0.6
Total                               32.3              28.6             27.7             22.6              23.5
Membership agenda support (millions of U.S. dollars)
Europe                                 11.0              9.4              9.5               7.5             8.11
Pacific Rim                             4.7              3.7              3.9               4.3             3.39
North America                           5.0              4.6              4.6               4.1             4.31
Developing countries                    0.8              0.6              0.6               0.5             0.45
International and regional organizations  6.0            7.9              7.1               4.0             4.07
Foundations                                              0.0              0.1               0.1             0.27
Non-Members                                              0.6              0.7               0.6             0.67
Total                               27.5              26.9             26.5              21.2             21.3
Top three contributors
World Bank       World Bank       World Bank            Japan             Japan
Japan      United States    United States     United States    United States
United States         Japan             Japan       World Bank        World Bank
Staffing (number)
Internationally recruited staff         84                62               55               59                52
Support staff                         1,787            1,273            1,039             1,155            1,120
Agenda program expenditures (percent)
Increasing productivity                52%              54%              43%               41%              44%
(of which germplasm enhancement/breeding) 31 %          33%              25%               25%              27%
Protecting the environment             19%              12%               17%              17%               14%
Saving biodiversity                     7%               7%              15%               13%               10%
Improving policies                      7%               6%               4%               11%               15%
Strengthening NARS                     16%              21%              20%               18%               18%
(of which training)                     7%               8%               10%              10%               10%
Total (millions of U.S. dollars)    28.8              26.7             21.8              22.9             23.2
Object expenditures (percent)
Personnel                              55%              56%              54%               54%              54%
Supplies/services                      32%              30%              31%               35%              33%
Travel                                  5%               4%                3%               4%                7%
Depreciation                            9%              10%              12%                7%                6%
Regional expenditures (percent)
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)               49%              49%              50%               47%              50%
Asia                                   50%              50%              49%               49%              48%
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)   0%               0%                1%               2%                1%
West Asia and North Africa (WANA)       1%               0%                1%               2%                1%
Center financial information
Unappropriated net assets               0.6            (0.4)              5.4               4.4              7.2
Appropriated net assets               54.3              48.6             48.3              20.2             18.4
Annual Center cost change (percent)   2.4%            (0.4%)             1.1%            10.0%             (1.1%)
Short-term liquidity indicators
Working capital (days expenditure)     101               152              313              291               290
Current ratio                           1.6              2.1              3.3               2.7              3.5
Longer-term sustainability indicator
Operating fund/revenue (percent)        2%              12%)             20%               20%              31%
Fixed asset indicators
Capital expenditure (millions of U.S. dollars)  4.4      1.1              0.5               1.2               1.6
Capital expenditure/depreciation (percent)  176%        39%               19%              75%              114%
90                                                      4p CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



TABLE A6.10 IFPRI PROGRAM AND RESOURCE HIGHLIGHTS, 1996-2000
ACTUAL                                 1996              1997              1998               1999             2000
Center income (millions of U.S. dollars)
Agenda funding                          16.0              18.2              20.1              20.8             21.4
(of which percent unrestricted)         52%               52%               51%               43%              43%
Center earned income                     0.3               0.2               0.3               0.5              0.9
Other income (non-agenda, and so on)     4.1
Advance/draw on reserves                                                                                        0.1
Total                                 20.4              18.4              20.4              21.4             22.3
Membership agenda support (millions of U.S. dollars)
Europe                                   5.0               6.1               8.1               7.4             7.63
Pacific Rim                              1.8               1.9               1.5                1.4             1.92
North America                            3.8               5.1               5.6               5.1              3.7
Developing countries                     0.1               0.3               0.5                1.3             1.32
International and regional organizations  2.8              2.9               2.9               3.2             4.04
Foundations                              0.9               0.7               0.4               0.5             0.56
Non-Members                              1.5               1.2               1.1               2.0             2.22
Total                                 16.0              18.2              20.1              20.8             21.4
Top three contributors
United States     United States     United States     United States    United States
Japan          Denmark           Denmark         World Bank       World Bank
World Bank        World Bank        World Bank           Denmark          Denmark
Staffing (number)
Internationally recruited staff          41                 45                43                44               52
Support staff                             82                81                75                83               90
Agenda program expenditures (percent)
Increasing productivity                  0%                0%                0%                 0%               0%
(of which germplasm enhancement/breeding)  0%              0%                0%                 0%               0%
Protecting the environment               0%                9%                6%                 5%              10%
Saving biodiversity                      0%                2%                2%                 1%               0%
Improving policies                      88%               62%               59%               55%              61%
Strengthening NARS                      12%               27%               33%               39%               29%
(of which training)                      6%               14%               11%                16%              15%
Total (millions of U.S. dollars)      16.2              18.1              18.6              21.2             21.3
Object expenditures (percent)
Personnel                               48%               48%               50%               50%              47%
Supplies/services                       40%               43%               41%               41%              44%
Travel                                  10%                 8%               8%                 8%               7%
Depreciation                             2%                 1%               1%                 1%               1%
Regional expenditures (percent)
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)                43%               45%               46%               47%              50%
Asia                                    27%               26%               26%               25%               26%
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)   20%               19%               20%               20%               17%
West Asia and North Africa (WANA)       10%               10%                8%                 8%               7%
Center financial information
Unappropriated net assets                2.7               3.1               3.0               3.6              4.0
Appropriated net assets                  0.7               0.6               0.7               0.7               3.8
Annual Center cost change (percent)    5.3%               3.1%              1.6%              2.2%             3.1%
Short-term liquidity indicators
Working capital (days expenditure)        90                70               113               132               52
Current ratio                            1.4               1 .7              1.7                1.7              1.3
Longer-term sustainability indicator
Operating fund/revenue (percent)        13%               17%               15%                17%              18%
Fixed asset indicators
Capital expenditure (millions of U.S. dollars)  0.3        0.2               0.4               0.2              0.2
Capital expenditure/depreciation (percent)  1 00%         76%              199%              116%               67%
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 ANNEX 6                                                                                            91



TABLE A6.1 1 IITA PROGRAM AND RESOURCE HIGHLIGHTS, 1996-2000
ACTUAL                                 1996             1997             1998             1999             2000
Center income (millions of U.S. dollars)
Agenda funding                         22.4             25.9             29.2             30.7              29.4
(of which percent unrestricted)        81%              66%               55%             52%               54%
Center earned income                    1.0              1.5               0.8              1.7              0.9
Other income (non-agenda, and so on)    9.2              4.1
Advance/draw on reserves
Total                                32.6             31.5             30.0             32.4             30.3
Membership agenda support (millions of U.S. dollars)
Europe                                  9.5             10.8              11.6            11.4              8.13
Pacific Rim                             4.3              3.4              3.9              4.5              3.83
North America                           4.2              6.1              7.3              7.4               9.2
Developing countries                    0.1              0.2              0.2               1.6             1.12
International and regional organizations  4.0            4.9              3.6              4.2             4.95
Foundations                             0.4              0.3              0.5              0.6             0.64
Non-Members                             0.0              0.2              2.0               1 .0            1.53
Total                                22.4             25.9             29.2             30.7             29.4
Top three contributors
Japan      United States    United States    United States    United States
World Bank       World Bank            Japan            Japan            Japan
United States         Japan        World Bank       World Bank       World Bank
Staffing (number)
Internationally recruited staff         96                86               78               79               83
Support staff                         1,659            1,466            1,250            1,090             1,043
Agenda program expenditures (percent)
Increasing productivity                51%              56%               56%             47%               50%
(of which germplasm enhancement/breeding) 24%           26%              27%              28%               26%
Protecting the environment             18%              17%               17%              14%              15%
Saving biodiversity                     4%               3%                4%               6%               4%
Improving policies                      4%               4%                4%               6%               9%
Strengthening NARS                     23%              20%               19%             27%               23%
(of which training)                     4%               6%                6%               8%               5%
Total (millions of U.S. dollars)     28.5             28.5             29.4             32.7              30.1
Object expenditures (percent)
Personnel                              51%              50%              47%              48%               46%
Supplies/services                      30%              31%               36%             38%               40%
Travel                                  5%               6%                6%               5%               6%
Depreciation                           13%              12%               10%               9%               8%
Regional expenditures (percent)
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)              100%             100%              100%             100%              95%
Asia                                    0%               0%                0%               0%               2%
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)   0%               0%                0%               0%               2%
West Asia and North Africa (WANA)       0%               0%                0%               0%               0%
Center financial information
Unappropriated net assets               5.4              5.5              6.2              6.0               6.2
Appropriated net assets                35.3             35.5             35.7             35.7              13.1
Annual Center cost change (percent)    8.6%             5.5%             4.2%          (14.5%)            (4.1%)
Short-term liquidity indicators
Working capital (days expenditure)      117               95              131              125              147
Current ratio                           1.5              1.5               1.6              1.7              1.9
Longer-term sustainability indicator
Operating fund/revenue (percent)       17%              18%               21%              19%              20%
Fixed asset indicators
Capital expenditure (millions of U.S. dollars)  2.9      3.1               2.0             2.3               1.8
Capital expenditure/depreciation (percent)  83%         91%               63%             76%               75%
92                                                      4    CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



TABLE A6.12 ILRI PROGRAM AND RESOURCE HIGHLIGHTS, 1996-2000
ACTUAL                                  1996             1997              1998              1999              2000
Center income (millions of U.S. dollars)
Agenda funding                          24.8              26.0             24.4               26.6             23.0
(of which percent unrestricted)         80%               75%               75%               56%              55%
Center earned income                     1.2               1.0               1.4               1.5               1.8
Other income (non-agenda, and so on)
Advance/draw on reserves                                                                                         0.1
Total                                 26.0              27.0             25.8               28.0             24.9
Membership agenda support (millions of U.S. dollars)
Europe                                  12.5              13.2              12.5              12.1            10.96
Pacific Rim                              2.0               2.2               1.8               2.2              1.86
North America                            3.6               4.3               4.5               4.3             4.17
Developing countries                     0.0               0.1               0.4               0.4             0.17
International and regionol organizations  6.6              6.1               5.1               6.1              4.45
Foundations                              0.1               0.1               0.0               1.1              1.07
Non-Members                              0.0               0.0               0.1               0.4             0.29
Total                                 24.8              26.0             24.4               26.6             23.0
Top three contributors
World Bank       World Bank        World Bank        World Bank        World Bank
United States    United States     United States     United States     United States
Switzerland      Switzerland       Switzerland       Switzerland       Switzerland
Staffing (number)
Internationally recruited staff           79                61               76                76                67
Support staff                            800              746               719               725               746
Agenda program expenditures (percent)
Increasing productivity                 63%               60%               61%               57%               47%
(of which germplasm enhancement/breeding)  2%              2%                3%                8%                7%
Protecting the environment               5%               13%               12%               12%               23%
Saving biodiversity                      9%                8%                9%                7%                5%
Improving policies                       5%                5%                5%                9%               10%
Strengthening NARS                      18%               14%               13%               15%               15%
tof which training)                      3%                5%                4%                6%                6%
Total (millions of U.S. dollars)      26.0              26.7             27.7               26.5             26.5
Object expenditures (percent)
Personnel                               54%               54%               50%               48%               50%
Supplies / services                     32%               34%               38%               38%               36%
Travel                                    4%               4%                4%                5%                6%
Depreciation                             9%                8%                8%                8%                8%
Regional expenditures (percent)
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)                78%               80%               67%               67%               67%
Asia                                     14%              17%               20%               20%               21%
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)    8%                3%               11%               11%               10%
West Asia and North Africa (WANA)         0%               0%                2%                2%                2%
Center financial information
Unappropriated net assets                7.0               6.2               3.9               5.4               4.4
Appropriated net assets                 26.0              26.1              26.0              24.1              25.4
Annual Center cost change (percent)     2.3%              2.9%             2.9%             (1.5%)             0.4%
Short-term liquidity indicators
Working capital (days expenditure)       158               151               126               156              148
Current ratio                            2.6               2.3               1.9               2.0               2.4
Longer-term sustainability indicator
Operating fund/revenue (percent)        27%               23%               15%               19%               18%
Fixed asset indicators
Capital expenditure (millions of U.S. dollars)   3.2       1.4               1.6               1.8               1.4
Capital expenditure/depreciation (percent)  139%          64%               73%               86%               70%
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 ANNEX 6                                                                                           93



TABLE A6.13 IPGRI PROGRAM AND RESOURCE HIGHLIGHTS, 1996-2000
ACTUAL                                 1996             1997               1998            1999             2000
Center income (millions of U.S. dollars)
Agenda funding                         16.4             18.8               21.2            20.1             22.3
(of which percent unrestricted)        77%              67%                63%             61%              52%
Center earned income                    0.4              0.5                0.4             0.0              0.6
Other income (non-agenda, and so on)    5.3              0.9
Advance/draw on reserves                                                                                     0.4
Total                                22.1             20.2               21.6            20.3             23.3
Membership agenda support (millions of U.S. dollars)
Europe                                 10.3             11.3               12.3            10.4             11.8
Pacific Rim                             2.5              2.3                2.3             2.6             2.25
North America                           1.1               1.2               1.2             1.1             1.17
Developing countries                    0.2              0.4                0.3             0.4             0.83
International and regional organizations  2.3            3.3                4.3             4.3             4.73
Foundations                                                                 0.0                             0.04
Non-Members                                              0.4                1.0             1.3             1.49
Total                                16.4             18.8               21.2            20.1             22.3
Top three contributors
Japan       World Bank         World Bank      World Bank       World Bank
World Bank          Belgium European Commission         Japan            Japan
Switzerland           Japan            Belgium         Belgium          Belgium
Staffing (number)
Internationally recruited staff         41                41                 43             46                46
Support staff                            86              109                108             112              143
Agenda program expenditures (percent)
Increasing productivity                14%               14%               16%             17%              17%
(of which germplasm enhancement/breeding) 14%            12%                13%            13%               13%
Protecting the environment              7%                6%                 7%             7%                8%
Saving biodiversity                    45%              45%                39%             37%              37%
Improving policies                     13%               12%               13%             14%              13%
Strengthening NARS                     22%               23%               25%             26%              25%
(of which training)                    (4 %)              6%                8%              8%               7%
Total (millions of U.S. dollars)     16.5             18.6               21.7            20.6             21.5
Object expenditures (percent)
Personnel                              48%              47%                43%             44%              44%
Supplies/services                      43%              45%                48%             46%              47%
Travel                                  8%                7%                 7%             8%                7%
Depreciation                            1%                1%                2%              2%                2%
Regional expenditures (percent)
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)               27%              27%                26%             27%              28%
Asia                                   27%              27%                26%             27%              27%
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)  25%              23%                21%             23%              23%
West Asia and North Africa (WANA)      20%              23%                27%             23%              22%
Center financial information
Unappropriated net assets               3.3              3.9                3.7             2.2              4.2
Appropriated net assets                 2.0              2.0                2.2             3.0              3.3
Annual Center cost change (percent)    4.3%             0.9%               0.8%          (2.1%)             0.8%
Short-term liquidity indicators
Working capital (days expenditure)       89               81                 96             100              122
Current ratio                           1.5               1.5               1 .7            1.3               1.9
Longer-term sustainability indicator
Operating Fund/revenue (percent)       15%               19%               17%             11%               18%
Fixed asset indicators
Capital expenditure (millions of U.S. dollars)  1.3      0.6                0.3             0.3              0.5
Capital expenditure/depreciation (percent)  650%       240%                85%             75%             125%
94                                                      4pCONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



TABLE A6.14 IRRI PROGRAM AND RESOURCE HIGHLIGHTS, 1996-2000
ACTUAL                                1996              1997             1998             1999              2000
Center income (millions of U.S. dollars)
Agenda funding                         28.7             28.6             34.8              32.5             33.3
(of which percent unrestricted)        87%              84%              67%               61%              55%
Center earned income                    2.7               1.8              3.2              1.4               1 .6
Other income (non-agenda, and so on)   17.9              6.8
Advance/draw on reserves                                                                                      0.5
Total                                49.3             37.2             38.0              33.9             35.4
Membership agenda support (millions of U.S. dollars)
Europe                                  8.8              8.8              11.6              9.0            10.81
Pacific Rim                             9.2              9.1              10.7             11.4            10.47
North America                           3.7              4.2              4.7               4.7             4.81
Developing countries                    0.7              0.9               1.6              1 .2              1.1
International and regional organizations  5.9            5.2               4.8              5.1              4.9
Foundations                             0.5              0.5               0.9              1.1             1.03
Non-Members                                                                0.5              0.2             0.19
Total                                28.7             28.6             34.8              32.5             33.3
Top three contributors
Japan            Japan            Japan             Japan            Japan
World Bank       World Bank      United States     United States    United States
United States    United States     World Bank       World Bank        World Bank
Staffing (number)
Internationally recruited staff          64               82               94                82               79
Support staff                         1,374              830              835               960              997
Agenda program expenditures (percent)
Increasing productivity                48%              44%               39%              36%              41%
(of which germplasm enhancement/breeding) 29%           29%               26%              22%               30%
Protecting the environment             20%              22%               30%              28%               22%
Saving biodiversity                     7%                8%               8%               9%                7%
Improving policies                      8%                7%               9%              11%               12%
Strengthening NARS                     17%               19%              15%              16%               19%
(of which training)                     4%               5%                4%               4%                8%
Total (millions of U.S. dollars)     30.4             28.2             35.0              34.2             32.6
Object expenditures (percent)
Personnel                              59%              48%               47%              47%              46%
Supplies/services                      30%              38%               39%              39%               39%
Travel                                  5%                6%               7%               7%                8%
Depreciation                            7%                8%               8%               7%                7%
Regional expenditures (percent)
Sub-Saharon Africa (SSA)                3%                4%               4%               4%                4%
Asia                                   94%              92%               93%              92%               92%
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)   3%                3%               3%               3%                3%
West Asia and North Africa (WANA)       0%                1%               1%                1%               1%
Center financial information
Unappropriated net assets               0.8              2.4               5.0              4.8               8.7
Appropriated net assets                49.7             48.6             45.7              48.1              19.7
Annual Center cost change (percent)   4.2%             (1 .5%)          (7.7%)             5.5%             0.4%
Short-term liquidity indicators
Working capital (days expenditure)      180              237              249               253              130
Current ratio                           1.4               1.9              1.8              1.8               1.4
Longer-term sustainability indicator
Operating fund/revenue (percent)        2%                7%              13%              14%               25%
Fixed asset indicators
Capital expenditure (millions of U.S. dollars)   1.6     2.8               5.8              1.0               1.5
Capital expenditure/depreciation (percent)  73%         123%             223%              40%               68%
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 ANNEX 6                                                                                        95



TABLE A6.15 ISNAR PROGRAM AND RESOURCE HIGHLIGHTS, 1996-2000
ACTUAL                                  1996               1997              1998              1999             2000
Center income (millions of U.S. dollars)
Agenda funding                           10.7               9.9               9.6               8.2               8.5
(of which percent unrestricted)          57%               72%               76%               69%              62%
Center earned income                      0.3               0.3               0.3               0.2               0.1
Other income (non-agenda, and sa an)      4.9
Advance/draw on reserves                                                                                          0.3
Total                                  15.9              10.2               9.9               8.4               8.9
Membership agenda support (millions of U.S. dollars)
Europe                                    5.1               5.6               5.1               4.4             3.95
Pacific Rim                               0.8               0.9               0.8               0.9               0.8
North America                             1.7               1.1                1.1              1.0             0.98
Developing countries                      0.1               0.2               0.3               0.3             0.14
International and regional organizations  1.8               1.8                1 .9             1.2              1.86
Foundations                               0.0               0.1               0.1               0.0               0.0
Non-Members                               1.3               0.2               0.4               0.4             0.76
Total                                  10.7               9.9               9.6               8.2               8.5
Top three contributors
Netherlands       Netherlands       World Bank        Netherlands      Netherlands
World Bank        World Bank        Netherlands       Switzerland       Switzerland
Switzerland       Switzerland European Commission     World Bank       World Bank
Staffing (number)
Internationally recruited staff           38                 53                46               45                32
Support staff                             53                 35                38                40               35
Agenda program expenditures (percent)
Increasing productivity                   0%                0%                 0%               0%                0%
(of which germplasm enhancement/breeding)   0%              0%                 0%               0%                0%
Protecting the environment                0%                0%                 0%               0%                0%
Saving biodiversity                       0%                0%                 0%               0%                0%
Improving policies                       26%               39%               48%               39%               15%
Strengthening NARS                       74%               61%               52%               61%               85%
(of which training)                      15%               18%               21%               20%               28%
Total (millions of U.S. dollars)       11.3              10.4               9.9               9.7               8.2
Object expenditures (percent)
Personnel                                57%               57%               62%               60%               56%
Supplies/services                        28%               33%               29%               31%               32%
Travel                                   14%                9%                 8%               7%               10%
Depreciation                              2%                 1%                1%               2%                2%
Regional expenditures (percent)
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)                 54%               48%               34%               33%               38%
Asia                                     12%               17%                15%              23%               27%
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)    23%               25%               41%               29%               29%
West Asia and North Africa (WANA)        11%               10%                10%              15%                6%
Center financial information
Unappropriated net assets                 2.0               1.8                1.3              0.1               0.9
Appropriated net assets                   0.8               0.8               0.8               0.8               0.8
Annual Center cost change (percent)    (0.5%)             (5.7%)             1.2%              2.1%             0.0%
Short-term liquidity indicators
Working capital (days expenditure)        80                 79                62                22               52
Current ratio                             1.9               1.9                1.5              1.1               1.4
Longer-term sustainability indicator
Operating fund/revenue (percent)         13%               18%                13%                1%              10%
Fixed asset indicators
Capital expenditure (millions of U.S. dollars)   0.2        0.2               0.2               0.1               0.4
Capital expenditure/depreciation (percent)  100%          138%              200%               50%              200%
96                                                        4, CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



TABLE A6.16 IWMI PROGRAM AND RESOURCE HIGHLIGHTS, 1996-2000
ACTUAL                                1996              1997             1998             1999             2000
Center income (millions of U.S. dollars)
Agenda funding                          9.0              9.5               9.4              8.8              8.6
(of which percent unrestricted)        60%              54%              54%               68%              59%
Center earned income                    0.2              0.3               0.2              0.2              0.4
Other income (non-agenda, and so onl    3.0              0.5
Advance/draw on reserves                                                                                     0.2
Total                                12.2             10.2               9.6              9.0              9.2
Membership agenda support (millions of U.S. dollars)
Europe                                  3.5              3.7               4.2              2.9             2.84
Pacific Rim                             1.2               1.1              1.3              1.3             1.27
North America                           0.9               1.5              1.2              0.9             1.05
Developing countries                    0.1              0.4               0.3              0.2             0.35
International and regional organizations  2.2             1.4              1.1              2.8             2.05
Foundations                             0.7              0.7               0.8              0.4             0.18
Non-Members                             0.4              0.7               0.5              0.4             0.84
Total                                 9.0              9.5               9.4              8.8              8.6
Top three contributors
Germany       United States          Japan       World Bank        World Bank
Netherlands      World Bank       Netherlands           Japan             Japan
World Bank       Netherlands     United States         Sweden           Sweden
Staffing (number)
Internationally recruited staff          22               22               22                25               26
Support staff                           305              344              238              226               211
Agenda program expenditures (percent)
Increasing productivity                 1%                1%               1%               0%               0%
(of which germplasm enhancement/breeding)  1%             1%               1%               0%               0%
Protecting the environment             48%              48%               49%              42%              40%
Saving biodiversity                     0%                0%               0%               0%                0%
Improving policies                     24%              24%               24%              32%              35%
Strengthening NARS                     27%               27%              27%              26%              25%
(of which training)                  (11%)                0%               0%               0%               12%
Total (millions of U.S. dollarsl      9.2              9.6               9.2              8.8              8.9
Object expenditures (percent)
Personnel                              64%              63%               67%              64%              62%
Supplies/services                      22%              25%               20%              20%              21%
Travel                                 10%                8%              10%              12%               11%
Depreciation                            4%                4%               4%               4%               6%
Regional expenditures (percent)
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)               11%                5%               5%               6%                8%
Asia                                   87%               76%              76%              75%              81%
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)   3%               14%              10%              10%               4%
West Asia and North Africa (WANA)       0%                5%               9%               9%                7%
Center financial information
Unappropriated net assets               2.8              2.8               2.1              2.3              3.3
Appropriated net assets                 3.1              3.3               3.2              3.2              2.7
Annual Center cost change (percent)    5.1%             2.0%             0.7%             0.1 %             0.8%
Short-term liquidity indicators
Working capital (days expenditure)      140              168              187              205               172
Current ratio                           2.5              3.1               2.8              2.1              2.9
Longer-term sustainability indicator
Operating fund/revenue (percent)       23%              27%               22%              26%              36%
Fixed asset indicators
Capital expenditure (millions of U.S. dollars)  0.7      0.6               0.3              0.3              0.3
Capital expenditure/depreciation (percent)  175%       161%               74%              94%              60%
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 ANNEX 6                                                                                        97



TABLE A6.17 WARDA PROGRAM AND RESOURCE HIGHlIGHTS, 1996-2000
ACTUAL                                  1996             1997               1998              1999             2000
Center income (millions of U.S. dollars)
Agenda funding                           8.7               8.6              10.5              10.8               8.5
(of which percent unrestricted)         58%               57%               54%               61%               72%
Center earned income                     0.5               0.3               0.1               0.3               0.3
Other income (non-agenda, and so on)     1.6
Advance/draw on reserves
Total                                 10.8               8.9              10.6              11.1               8.8
Membership agenda support (millions of U.S. dollars)
Europe                                   3.9               3.9               3.4               3.5              2.71
Pacific Rim                              1.6               1.5               2.5               2.1              1.76
North America                            1.4               1.5               1.2               1.1              1.14
Developing countries                     0.4               0.2               0.9               0.1               0.1
International and regional organizations  1.4              1.4               1.6               3.1              1.84
Foundations                              0.1               0.1               0.2               0.2              0.18
Non-Members                              0.0                                 0.8               0.8              0.78
Total                                  8.7               8.6              10.5              10.8               8.5
Top three contributors
Japan            Japan             Japan        World Bank        World Bank
World Bank       World Bank        World Bank             Japan             Japan
Netherlands      Netherlands           Canada        Netherlands       Netherlands
Staffing (number)
Internationally recruited staff           20               21                 22               35                 30
Support staff                            340              300               325               355               364
Agenda program expenditures (percent)
Increasing productivity                 49%               32%               36%               37%               31%
(of which germplasm enhancement/breeding) 16%             20%               23%               23%               16%
Protecting the environment              16%               25%               17%               18%               21%
Saving biodiversity                       3%               5%                7%                7%                5%
Improving policies                       8%               11%                9%                9%               11%
Strengthening NARS                      23%               27%               30%               28%               32%
(of which training)                     (6%)               7%               15%               14%               12%
Total (millions of U.S. dollars)       9.9               9.2               9.9              11.0               9.4
Object expenditures (percent)
Personnel                               50%               50%               57%               53%               46%
Supplies/services                       38%               34%               29%               33%               38%
Travel                                    5%               9%                7%                6%                5%
Depreciation                             7%                8%                8%                8%               11%
Regional expenditures (percent)
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)               100%              100%              100%              100%              100%
Asia                                     0%                0%                0%                0%                0%
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)    0%                0%                0%                0%                0%
West Asia and North Africa (WANA)         0%               0%                0%                0%                0%
Center financial information
Unappropriated net assets                0.8              (0.5)             (0.5)             (0. 1)            (1.3)
Appropriated netassets                  12.8              13.8              15.0              13.7               2.5
Annual Center cost change (percent)    19.2%            (1.7%)             2.6%             (0.1%)            (3.2%)
Short-term liquidity indicators
Working capital (days expenditure)        28                 3               (23)             (31)               (50)
Current ratio                             1.0              1.0               1.1               0.9               0.8
Longer-term sustainability indicator
Operating fund/revenue (percent)         7%              (6%)               (5%)              (I%)             (15%)
Fixed asset indicators
Capital expenditure (millions of U.S. dollars)  1.1        1.1               0.6               2.7               0.7
Capital expenditure/depreciation (percent)  183%         157%               75%              300%               70%
98                                                             CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



Who's Who in the COIAR
CGIAR  Members                     Switzerland, Christine Grieder      CGIAR  REGIONAL
Syrian Arab Republic,              R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S
C 0 U N T R I E 5                    Asa'ad Mostafa                    Burkina Faso and Ethiopia,
Australia, Robert J. Clements      Thailand, Ananta Dalodom              Michel P Sedogo, Seyfu Ketema
Austria, Walter Rill                Uganda, Joseph Mukiibi             Hungary and Slovenia,
Bangladesh, Zahurul Karim          United Kingdom, Andrew J. Bennett      Ervin Balazs, Jure Pohar
Belgium, Luc Sas                   United States of America,           Dominica and Paraguay,
Brazil, Alberto Duque Portugal       Emmy M. Simmons                     Compton Lawrence Paul,
Canada, lain C. MacGillivray                                             Ricardo Ram6n Pedretti
China, Longvue Zhao                F 0 U N D A T I 0 N 5               Sri Lanka and Fiji, Samison Ulitu,
Colombia, Juan L. Restrepo         Ford Foundation, Michael E. Conroy    S. B. D. G. Jayawardene
Cote d'Ivoire, Kassoum Traore      Kellogg Foundation, Rick Foster     Sudan and Syrian Arab Republic,
Denmark, Klaus Winkel              Rockefeller Foundation,               Osman A. A. Ageeb,
Egypt, Arab Republic of,             Robert W. Herdt                     Ali Shafic Shehadeh
Youssuf Amin Wally
Finland, Anna-Liisa Korhonen       I N T E R N A T I 0 N A L
France, Gilles Saint-Martin        A N D  R E G I0 N A L
Germany, Hans-Jochen de Haas       0 R G A N I Z A T I 0 N S           The CGIAR
India, Rajendra Singh Paroda       African Development Bank,
Indonesia, Untung Iskandar           Akililu A. Afework                C G I A R C H A I R M A N
Iran, Islamic Republic of,         Arab Fund for Economic and Social    Ian Johnson, Vice President,
Issa Kalantari                     Development,                        Environmentally and Socially
Ireland, Brendan Rogers              Mervat Wehba Badawi                 Sustainable Development,
Italy, Gioacchino Carabba          Asian Development Bank,               World Bank
Japan, Hiroaki Isobe                 Joseph B. Eicbenberger            Ismail Serageldin, Vice President,
Kenya, Musalia Mudavadi            Commission of the European            Special Programs, World Bank
Korea, Republic of, Kyung-Han Ryu    Community, Uwe Werblow              (until July 2000)
Luxembourg, Georges Heinen         Food and Agriculture Organization
Mexico, Jorge Kondo-Lopez            of the United Nations,            C G I A R D I R E C T O R
Netherlands, Adrian Koekoek          Jacques P Eckebil                 Francisco J. B. Reifschneider
New Zealand, Keneti Faulalo        Inter-American Development Bank,
Nigeria, Umaru Al Kaleri             Ruben Echeverria                  C G I A R E X E C U T I V E
Norway, Inge Nordang               International Development Research    S E C R E T A R Y
Pakistan, Zafar Altaf                Centre, Peter Cooper              Alexander von der Osten
Peru, Ricardo Sevilla Panizo       International Fund for Agricultural   (until December 2000)
Philippines, Eliseo R. Ponce         Development, Rodney David Cooke
Portugal, Armando Trigo Abreu      OPEC Fund for International         CO-SPONSORS AND
Romania, Stelian Minoiu              Development,                      TH E I R RE PRESENTATIVE S
Russian Federation,                  Y. Seyyid Seyyid Abdulai          Food and Agriculture Organization of
Gennadi A. Romanenko             United Nations Development            the United Nations,
South Africa, Bongiwe Njobe          Programme, Peter Matlon             Jacques P Eckebil
Spain, Adolfo Cazorla Montero        (Roberto Lenton until Februarv 2001)  United Nations Development
Sweden, Carl-Gustaf Thornstrom     United Nations Environment            Programme, Peter Matlon
Programme, Shafqat Kakakhel        (Roberto Lenton until February 2001)
World Bank, Robert L. Thompson     World Bank, Robert L. Thompson
ANNUAL REPORT 2000 THE CHALLENGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE POOR FARMERS AT RISK                               99



Standing  Committees                 Hans Gregersen (ex-officio)          Dwi R. Muhtaman
Richard R. Harwood                   Peter Rosset
CGIAR OVERSIGHT                      Alain de Janvry                      Juan Sanchez
C 0 M M I T T E E                    Magdy A. Madkour                     Jean Marc von der Weid
Andrew J. Bennett, Chair,              (until December 2000)
United Kingdom                     Maria Antonia Fernandez Martinez     P R I VA T E S E C T O R
Mervat W. El Badawi, Arab Fund       Cyrus G. Ndiritu                     C 0 M M I T T E E
(until May 2000)                     (until December 2000)              R. N. Sam Dryden, Chair
Juan L. Restrepo, Colombia           Oumar Niangado                       Claudio Barriga
Gilles Saint-Martin, France          Hirofumi Uchimiya                    Badrinarayan R. Barwale
Ruth Haug, Norway                    Lucia de Vaccaro                     Wallace D. Beversdorf
Emmy Simmons, United States of       Joachim F von Braun                  Robert Horsch
America                            Vo-Tong Xuan                         Seizo Sumida
Bongiwe Njobe, South Africa          Usha Barwale Zehr                    Barry Thomas
Longyue Zhao, China                                                       Florence Wanbugu
TAC STANDING
CGIAR FINANCE                        PANEL ON IMPACT                      SCIENCE PARTNERSHIP
COMMITTEE                            ASSESSMENT                           COMMITTEE
The World Bank,                      Hans Gregersen, Chair                Werner Arber, Chair
Robert L. Thompson, Chair          Cristina C. David                    R. James Cook
Australia,                           Frans L. Leeuw                       Moutn Hamze
Robert J. Clements/Ian Bevege                                           Lydia Makhubu
Brazil, Alberto Duque Portugal!      G  N E T I C  R E S O U R C E S      Sudha Nair
Francisco J. B. Reifschneider      P O L I C Y  C O M M I T T E E       Satohiko Sasaki
(until January 2001)               M. S. Swaminathan, Chair             Jose Israel Vargas
Canada, lain C. MacGillivray         Robert Bertram
(Chair until October 2000)/        Ronald P Cantrell
Bruce Howell                      Jose T. Esquinas-Alcazar
Egypt, Arab Republic of,             Carmen Felipe-Morales                Center Committees
Saad Nassar (until May 2000)       Christine E. Grieder
Germany, Hans-Jochen De Haas         Geoffrey C. Hawtin                   C O        M M I T T E   O 0 F B O A R D
International Fund for Agricultural  Bernard Le Buanec                    C H A I R S
Development (IFAD),                Marcio de Miranda Santos             Kurt J. Peters, ICLARM-CBC Chair
Rodney David Cooke/                Godwin Y. Mkamanga                   Sjarifudin Baharsjah, IRRI
Shantanu Mathur                    Timothy Reeves                         (Roelof Rabbinge until January 2001)
Japan, Hiroaki Isobe/Tetsushi Kondo    Carl-Gustaf Thornstriom            Klaas Jan Beek, IWMI
Nigeria, Umaru Al Kaleri             Usha Barwale Zehr                    Lucie Edwards, ICRAF
Sweden, Carl-Gustaf Thornstr6m                                              (Yemi Katerere until April 2000)
Switzerland, Christine E. Grieder                                         Robert D. Havener, ICARDA
Lauritz B. Holm-Nielsen, CIAT
Partnership Committees               Lindsay Innes, WARDA
(Just Faaland until June 2000)
Advisory Committees                  NONGOVERNMENTAL                      David R. MacKenzie, CIP
ORGANIZATION  (NGO)                  Jagmohan S. Maini, CIFOR
TECHNICAL  ADVISORY                  COMMITTEE                               (GillShepherduntilApril2000)
C O M M I T T E E (TA C )            Ann Waters-Bayer, Chair              Alex McCalla, CIMMYT
Emil Q. Javier, Chair                Miguel A. Altieri,                     (Walter P Falcon until April 2001)
Shellemiah 0. Keya,                    (Chair until October 2000)         Moise C. Mensah, ISNAR
Executive Secretary                Christian Castellanet                Marcio de Miranda Santos, IPGRI
Michael Cernea                       Julian Francis Gonsalves             Geoff Miller, IFPRI (Martin Piineiro
Elias Fereres                        Assetou Kanoute                        until April 2000)
100                                                    CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



Enrico Porceddu, IITA                                CGIAR  1 971-2001
Martha B. Stone, ICRISAT
(RagnhildSohlberguntilFebruarv                     CGIAR  CHAIRMEN, 1971-2001
2001)                                               lan johtison, 2000-
John E. Vercoe, ILRI                                  Isiiiail Seragellini, 1994-2000
V. Rajagopalani, 1991-1993
CENTER  DIRECTORS                                     Wilfriecl Thalwitz, 1990-1991
COMMITTEE                                             W. David Hopper. ] 987-1990
Per Pinstrup-Andersen, IFPRI-CDC                      S. Shahid( Hussaiin. 1984-1987
Chair                                               V."arren Baumii. 1974-1983
Stein V Bie, ISNAR                                    Richard H1. Deiniutl, 1971-1974
Lukas Brader, IITA                                   CGIAR  DIRECTORS, 2001
Ronald P Cantrell, IRRI                               Francisco l. B. Reifschteilder; 2001-
William D. Dar, ICRISAT
AdelEl-Beltagy,ICARDA                                CGIAR  EXECUTIVE  SECRETARIES,
Hank Fitzhugh, ILRI                                   1972-2000
Geoffrey C. Hawtin, IPGRI                            Alexander von cler Osten, 1989-2000
Jeffrey A. Sayer, CIFOR                               Curtis Farrai; 1982-1989
Kanayo E Nwanze, WARDA                                MiChael Lejeulle, 1975-1982
Timothy Reeves, CIMMYT                                Harold Graves, 1972-l975
Frank Rijsberman, IWMI                               TAC CHAIRS, 1971-2001
(David Seckler until August 2000)                  Emil Q. JaN ier, 2000-
Pedro A. Sanchez, ICRAF                               Doonald] Wrinkieltimanoii, 1994-1999
Joachim Voss, CIAT                                    Alex McCalla, 1988-1994
Meryl J. Williams, ICLARM                             Guy Camus, 1982-1987
Hubert Zandstra, CIP                                  Ralph Cummings, 1977-1982
Jean-Pierre Jacqmotte, CDC Executive                  Sir John Crawford, 1971-1976
Secretary                                          TAC  EXECUTIVE  SECRETARIES,
1 97 1 -200 1
P U B L I C AWARE N ES S                              Sliellemiiialh Keva, 1996-
AND  RESOURCE                                         G(uido (,ryseels, 1995-1996
M O B I L I Z AT I O N                                John Monxo, 1985-1994
COMMITTEE                                             Alexan(lel von 3er Osteni, 1982-1985
Hubert Zandstra, Chair                               Philippe Mahler, 1976-1982
Klaus Leisinger                                      Peter Oram, 1971-t976
fain MacGillivray
Alex McCalla                                         CGIAR  SECRETARIAT  2001
Kanayo F Nwanze                                      Francisco J. B. Reifschneider. Director
Zewdnlesh Abegaz
Ruth Raymond                                         Salali   aheiai
Salab Brahimi
Timothy Reeves                                        Elizabeth Rajan Charles
Francisco J. B. Reifschneider                         Barbara Eckberg
John Riggan                                           Shirlev Geer
Ebbe Schioler                                        Josephitne Hernanidez
Robert L. Thompson                                   Sarwat Hutsain
Meryl J. Williams                                    Maniuel Lantit
Daiiielle L.ucca
Gerarl O'Donoghue
Selcuk Ozgediz
Rak i Tadvalkar
Slhey Tata
Feroza Vatcha
ANNUAL REPORT 2000



Photo Credits: Cover: top -
Ray Witlin, World Bank; right -
Agricultural Research Service,
USDA; bottom - Kay Chernush;
left - ICRISAT. Inside cover: IRRI.
Page 1: left - CIMMYT; right -
ICRISAT. Page 7: left - ICRISAT; top
right - PhotoDisc; bottom right -
ICRISAT. Page 9: top left - ICRISAT;
bottom left - PhotoDisc; middle -
Curt Carnemark, World Bank;
right - ICRISAT. Page 1 6:
left - CIMMYT; right - World Bank.
Page 17: CIAT. Page 22: CIMMYT.
Page 26: top - IITA; bottom -
Curt Carnemark, World Bank.
Page 27 and 57: Curt Carnemark,
World Bank. Paper: recycled
paper with soy inks. Typography:
Bitstream Bodoni and Adobe
Futura. Design: Patricia Hord
Graphik Design. Printed by:
Jarboe Printing.
102                                              4; CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH



\hotldi 811w ( o\It'
The cover attempts to
depict the intricate link
between the effects of
climate change and the
way in which modern
science can be mobilized
to negate adverse
impacts on the well-being
of poor farmers. The
CGIAR is working with
partners in the agricul-
tural research community
to advance science and
develop new technologies
that can better withstand
biotic and abiotic stresses
associated with climate
change.



Consultative Group on International
Agricultural Research
www.cgiar.org
CGIAR Secretariat
The World Bank
1818 H Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A.
Telephone: 1-202-473-8951
Fax: 1-202-473-811 0
E-mail: cgiar@cgiar.org or cgiar@worldbank.org