GGFR Technology Overview – Utilization of Small-Scale Associated Gas Amazonas Station, OCP Ecuador S.A. (Photo: Wärtsilä) November 2021 Contents 1 Disclaimer ..............................................................................................................................................................................................4 2 Gas Processing ........................................................................................................................................................................................5 Aspen Engineering Services: NGL Pro ........................................................................................................................................................................ 6 CleanSmart ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 EcoVapor Recovery Systems ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Expansion Energy ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 GTUIT ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Membrane Technology & Research Inc. (MTR, Inc.): LPG-SepTM ............................................................................................................................. 11 Nacelle: Big DogTM Flare Recovery System .............................................................................................................................................................. 12 Pioneer Energy: Flarecatcher Titan Gas Processing & Fractionation Plants ............................................................................................................ 13 Unicorn Power Ltd. and Green Recycling Technologies .......................................................................................................................................... 14 3 Power Generation ................................................................................................................................................................................ 15 Aggreko .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 APR Energy: TM2500+TM Mobile Gas Turbine.......................................................................................................................................................... 17 Capstone Turbine Corporation: C30, C65, C200, C600S, C800S and C1000S .......................................................................................................... 18 GE: Waukesha and Jenbacher .................................................................................................................................................................................. 19 LPP Combustion, LLC ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 20 MESA Natural Gas Solutions LLC .............................................................................................................................................................................. 21 Moser Energy Systems ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 22 OPRA Turbines: OP16 Gas Turbine ......................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Turboden – Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group ...................................................................................................................................................... 24 Unicorn Power Ltd. and Green Recycling Technologies .......................................................................................................................................... 25 Wärtsilä SG, LG and GD Flexible power plants ....................................................................................................................................................... 26 Page 2 4 CNG – Compressed Natural Gas............................................................................................................................................................. 27 GE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 28 5 Mini-LNG – Liquefied Natural Gas ......................................................................................................................................................... 29 Beerensgroup DMCC ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 30 Chart Industries........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 31 Expansion Energy ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32 Galileo ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33 GE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 34 6 Mini-GTL – Gas to Liquids ...................................................................................................................................................................... 35 CompactGTL ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 36 Emerging Fuels Technology: EFT .............................................................................................................................................................................. 37 GasTechno Energy & Fuels (GEF) ............................................................................................................................................................................ 38 Greyrock ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 39 Bluescape Clean Fuels (formerly Primus Green Energy).......................................................................................................................................... 40 7 Innovative applications ......................................................................................................................................................................... 41 Crusoe Energy Systems, Inc ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 42 8 Multi-phase pumps............................................................................................................................................................................... 43 ITT Bornemann GmbH ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 44 Page 3 1 Disclaimer The information contained in this website is for general information purposes only. The company and technology overviews included on this site were provided to the World Bank because of the companies’ interest in the Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership’s (GGFR) mission to advocate gas-flaring reduction and because of GGFR’s interest in making information about technologies readily available to flare -out project developers. The World Bank and GGFR do not control the information provided by the companies. You acknowledge and agree that neither the World Bank nor GGFR is responsible or liable for: (i) the availability or accuracy of the company and technology information on this website or any linked sites or resources; or (ii) the content, advertising, or products on or available from linked websites or resources. The inclusion of information on this website does not imply that either the World Bank or GGFR endorses the information, technologies or companies on this website or linked sites. While the World Bank and GGFR endeavor to keep information up to date and correct, we make no representations or warranties of any kind, expressed or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability, non-infringement or availability with respect to the information, products, services, or related graphics contained in this website for any purpose. The World Bank and GGFR assume no responsibility for the information provided through this website or of other sites linked to it. In no event will we be liable for any loss or damage including, without limitation, indirect or consequential loss or damage, or any loss or damage whatsoever in connection with your use or reliance upon such information or your access to, or inability to access, such information or sites. Before you act on any information found on our website, you should independently confirm any facts that are important to your decision. Any reliance you place on such information is strictly at your own risk. The Global Gas Flaring Reduction partnership (GGFR) is a public-private partnership that was formed in 2002 by multilateral organizations, governments, and oil companies. It is hosted and managed by the World Bank. GGFR provides a platform to support national governments and the petroleum industry in their efforts to reduce flaring and venting of gas associated with the extraction of crude oil. Page 4 2 Gas Processing Processing of associated gas for entry into a pipeline system or where further utilization (e.g. CNG, Mini-GTL) requires heavier components and/or contaminants to be removed. Each summary includes basic information on performance, technical requirements to implement and operate the equipment, the technology developer’s business model, and existing applications currently in operation. Page 5 Gas Processing Aspen Engineering Services: NGL Pro Company Overview Aspen Engineering Services offers cost-technology for flare reduction, gas conditioning and NGL recovery. The NGL Pro process integrates dehydration, compression, cooling and conditioning, eliminating the need for costly glycol and refrigeration systems. Hydrate formation is precluded by a heat integration system. Consequently, no antifreeze additives are required. The NGL Pro process can be coupled with the LNG- Pure system to co-produce LNG and NGL, and thereby eliminate flaring. Contact: James Meyer, jmeyer@aspenesco.com www.aspenesco.co Additional Technology & Operating Size range & Offshore Experience to operational O&M Business model conditions Cost suitability date requirements Gas treatment and NGL Company indicated Power from grid, Company Company Sale, lease or Nine commercial extraction size variability with on-site micro-grid, indicated very indicated license units in operation. Please contact company for standard unit size of 3 or gas fired low suitability for BTU variability and simulation MMSCFD generators maintenance offshore report requirement applications H2S tolerance for the unit is Scalable & Modular - up to 3% 3 MMSCFD on an 8’ x Raw gas minimum inlet 25’ skid Footprint is 8’ Independent pressure is 20 - 75 psig x 25’ for 3 compressor skid Separation efficiency is 80% Contact company for MMSCFD required pricing. Handles variable flow by stabilizing compression system using recycle stream Page 6 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Gas Processing CleanSmart Company Overview CleanSmart offers upstream E&P operators who are flaring gas multiple recovery opportunities to commercialize small-to-mid-scale volumes of “flared” gas into predictable streams of revenue that would otherwise be lost. CleanSmart does this by packaging industrial scale membrane processes into a small-foot print skid-mounted chassis that operates as a micro-gas plant and/or a micro-fuel station. The mobile membrane gas recovery units (MGRUs) operate autonomously, use no moving parts and no chemicals, nor are subject to commonly encountered hydrate formation issues. Contacts: Salvador Castaneda sal@cleansmartsolutions.com Additional Technology & Operating Offshore Size range & Cost operational O&M Business model Experience to date conditions suitability requirements Membrane diffusion gas 400 Mscf/d to 8.5 Pressurized No moving Suitable for Revenue Wyoming, Encana, recovery technology for LPG MMscf/d. Expansion storage tanks for parts, no offshore sharing, leasing Ft. Berthold, ND: and liquid recovery possible ~ 70 MMscf/d storing LPGs, C3 chemicals. Each operation or Rental W.Africa feedgas. and C3+ membrane element Modular; plug and play Please contact company Interest in global monitored by for cost business onboard opportunities sensors Processing Gas Pressure C3, 400 Mscf/d footprint C3+ 225 psi. Recovery 95% 10'x10'x8' 8.5 MMscf/d footprint Processing Gas Pressure C2 Membrane 10’ x 20’ x 8’ 800 psi useful life minimum 3 yr Can handle any turndown in feedgas volume No limit on H2S/CO2 content in feedgas Page 7 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Gas Processing EcoVapor Recovery Systems EcoVapor's Zer02 technology works in conjunction with compression and vapor recovery systems to enable up to 100% gas capture on site. By removing the free oxygen from the gas stream, Zer02 enables flash gas from oil storage tanks to be sold instead of flared or combusted. Contact: kylelesniak@ecovaporrs.com +1 303-330-3981 www.ecovaporrs.com Additional Technology & Offshore Size range & Cost operational O&M Business model Experience to date Operating conditions suitability requirements Oxygen removal units 100, 300, and 1200 480V 3-phase Monthly oxygen sensor Yes Sale or lease 85 units in that remove 99.9% of Mscf/d power supply. calibration (can be operation in the oxygen from gas carried out by oilfield USA since 2010 streams (e.g. oil Scalable by installing Usage 45 kWh operator storage tank vapors), multiple units in parallel. for start-up, 12 enabling gas to be No technical maximum kWh during Annual catalyst sold. size operation replacement (approx $2,750 $4,500 and $13,000 for the 100, 300, and 1200 sizes Inlet pressure range: 100 Mscf/d : 4ft x 4ft respectively) 50 - 330 psi 300 Mscf/d : 4ft x 4ft 1200 Mscf/d : 6ft x 6ft Can handle rapid Size (Mscf/d) FOB purchase US$ Monthly lease US$ variations in gas 100 75,000 3,500 flows, and water and 300 98,000 5,000 CO2 in gas stream. 1200 265,000 12,000 Removal of H2S is required Page 8 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Gas Processing Expansion Energy Expansion Energy is a New York-based company focused on developing and licensing technologies for the energy, environmental and industrial sectors. Expansion Energy’s technologies stem largely from the science of cryogenics and the disciplines of natural gas processing and industrial gas production. Contact: Jeremy Dockter, jdockter@expansion-energy.com David Vandor, dvandor@expansion-energy.com Technology & operating Size range & Additional operational Offshore O&M Business model Experience to date conditions cost requirements suitability Gas processing using Unit size range available: If VX Cycle LNG plant Company Small Sell, lease or 10 VX Cycle LNG mechanical 0.5 MMCSFD to 9 installed, power needed indicated low footprint license plants have been refrigeration to MMCSFD of feed gas. is produced on site by maintenance allows for built and deployed separate NGLs at -150o F the VX Cycle, using requirements. offshore over the past and 400 psia feedstock gas. deployment. several years Pre-treatment skid Please removes H2S Otherwise power contact Please contact Minimum gas inlet Scalable and modular for required from other company for company for pressure is 50 psia all scales, and truck source more more All pre-processing, such mounted for the smallest information information as water and CO2 versions. removal, are included in the VX Cycle. Please contact company for component separation efficiency Handles rapidly varying Please contact company gas flows for cost. Page 9 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Gas Processing GTUIT GAS TREATMENT USING INTELLIGENT TECHNOLOGY GTUIT creates solutions for flare capture and associated gas conditioning challenges. Their equipment and manufacturing processes are ISO 9001:2008 compliant. GTUIT Corporate Office is located in Billings, Montana. Contact: Martin Oakley, moakley@gtuit.com Brian Cebull, bcebull@gtuit.com Additional Technology & operating Size range & Offshore operational O&M Business model Experience to date conditions cost suitability requirements On-Site gas processing using Unit sizes available: Power from grid, GTUIT is a gas Suitable for Sale, train, and 68 MMCFSD of mechanical refrigeration and 250, 500, 1000, 3000, on-site micro-grid, processing offshore support processing capacity gas compression 5000 MCSFD or gas fired partner with applications in North America High BTU gas processing generators that Caterpillar Oil units for NGL recovery and Scalable & modular - uses system’s & Gas and uses fuel conditioning +20,000 MCFSD per produced gas Caterpillar site. dealers H2S treatment for Mobile - 48 hour NGL/produced worldwide Please contact 90 million gallons of concentrations as high as deployment time for liquids storage company for NGL’s produced and 20,000 PPM trailer mounted, 5 certification sold Raw gas minimum inlet days for skid Comprehensive Trouble pressure ≈ 1 psig mounted service training shooting, parts, Recovers up to 75% of the Cost USD 1000-2000 Water is removed and Please contact and Over 800,000 propane and heavier per MCFD from typical raw documentation company for remote/onsite operational hours components configuration gas streams – provided by footprint technical Proprietary flow control dependent requires disposal GTUIT support equipment on-site available Page 10 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Gas Processing Membrane Technology & Research Inc. (MTR, Inc.): LPG-SepTM Since its beginnings in 1982, MTR has grown continuously as industry embraced membranes as an effective gas separation technology. MTR now provides a full range of gas separation solutions for petrochemical plants, refineries, and gas processing facilities. MTR's administrative, research, and manufacturing facilities are located in Newark, California. The company has sales offices in Houston, Texas and Brussels, Belgium, and sales agents worldwide. Contact: Kaaeid Lokhandwala, kaaeid.lokhandwala@mtrinc.com Additional Technology & operating Size range & Offshore operational O&M Business model Experience to date conditions cost suitability requirements Gas processing using hybrid Unit sizes available: Power from grid, Maintenance Company Sale MTR has been combination of membrane 1, 5, 10 and 15 on-site micro-grid, required on indicated building & chiller MMSCFD. or gas-fired feed suitability for hydrocarbon Feed BTU Content can vary Higher flowrates can generators that use compressor. offshore recovery systems between 1000 BTU/SCF – also be designed if system’s produced Compression applications for 20+ years for 400 BTU/SCF LHV required gas equipment is various applications. standard More than 100 units H2S pretreatment required Scalable & modular. NGL/produced MTR can build oilfield are in operation upstream to produce sulfur- Containerized and liquids storage to required compression worldwide. MTR free LPG and condensate truck mounted up to offshore/FPSO supplied complete Feed gas pressure as low as 1 5 MMSCFD Membranes specifications skid-mounted scope psig need to be excluding NGL/LPG Recovers up to 90% of C3+ Cost USD7-8 million replaced every Compact storage hydrocarbons for 5-7 MMSCFD, 3-5 years footprints Handles variable gas flow USD10-15 million for possible with rates 10-15 MMSCFD hybrid approach Page 11 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Gas Processing Nacelle: Big DogTM Flare Recovery System Founded in 2014, Nacelle offers proprietary solutions in natural gas fueling, BTU reduction, and NGL capture & extraction. Contact: Chris O'Connell, chris.oconnell@nacellelogistics.com Gov Graney, gov.graney@nacellelogistics.com Additional Technology & operating Size range & Offshore operational O&M Business model Experience to date conditions cost suitability requirements Gas processing. Unit sizes available: NGL/produced Dependent Equipment is Business model Nacelle has worked NGL extraction based on 200 MCFD to 20 liquids storage. upon region of suitable for varies by region. for various membrane separation MMCFD operation, offshore Please contact operators in the Handles variable gas Depending on Nacelle offers service Nacelle for United States. composition (wide range of equipment utilized turn-key O&M. specifics related Commercial units BTU variability handling) for application, to client’s are in operation Please contact Nacelle for The systems are truck Skilled situation since March 2016. additional H2S treatment requirement mounted, and operators operational Feed gas pressure varies scalable. The required. requirements may Regular between 50 and 1200 psi standard size is two apply. scheduled 48’ flat deck trailers Please contact preventative Please contact company for Cost dependent on Nacelle for maintenance. component separation and type of service specifics related to On-stream efficiency agreement and scope client’s situation factor above System is able to handle of work 92% fluctuating gas flows Page 12 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Gas Processing Pioneer Energy: Flarecatcher Titan Gas Processing & Fractionation Plants Pioneer Energy’s Flarecatchers are modular, skid-mounted mechanical refrigeration-based plants (MRUs) that are used to monetize stranded and flared gas streams, including associated gas, non-associated gas, and oil tank vapors. The units produce spec products like LPG, condensate, light naphtha, and lean conditioned gas and are highly automated, which decreases field installation and recurring labor costs and enables extremely high uptime. The company is based in Lakewood, CO, USA. Contact: Joseph Palaia jpalaia@pioneerenergy.com +1-720-484-3131 Additional Technology & operating Size range & Offshore operational O&M Business model Experience to date conditions cost suitability requirements Flarecatcher – Gas processing Unit sizes available: External electrical Basic mechanic System can be Direct sale Pioneer Energy has plant using mechanical 1,000 – 30,000 input – can be or technician barge, boat, or internationally. completed more refrigeration to chill to as cold MSCFD generated by level staff is platform Partner with EPC than 20 installations as -65 oC natural gas required for mounted to to provide Optional fractionation Units have infinite generator run off operations and service off- complete modules to separate produced turndown and can residue gas or dry maintenance. shore turnkey 45,000 sq ft NGLs into LPG and be easily paralleled gas from the Units are applications. installation, manufacturing condensate. Propane, butane, to accommodate Flarecatcher autonomous Systems can commissioning, facility enables and naphtha optional outputs any size plant and remotely be and training of construction of large Integrate with 3rd party Units are skid- monitored, containerized ops team. orders equipment for H2S removal mounted and decreasing field to protect Gas accepted at any pressure; designed for rapid NGL/produced labor against harsh Value added Processing pressures between deployment and liquid can be requirements. environments. services: FEED 150 and 450 psig depending redeployment stored in propane studies, custom on application tanks, typically Turnkey service engineering, High separation efficiency. Cost varies since bullet tanks rated may be remote High lean gas fuel quality every project is at 250 psi available monitoring and Remotely monitored and different. Interested though local operation operated via cellular or parties should representative satellite network contact Pioneer Page 13 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Gas Processing Unicorn Power Ltd. and Green Recycling Technologies Unicorn Power Solutions Private Ltd. offers facility power solutions and services, with presence across India and in the Middle East. Unicorn’s business portfolio of standby power solutions and facility services comprises diesel generators, UPS Systems, specialized batteries, DC power systems, facility management, power quality and energy management solutions. Contact: Steven Miszkowicz, sm1.grt@gmail.com Additional Technology & operating Size range & Offshore operational O&M Business model Experience to date conditions cost suitability requirements Cold-plasma gas scrubber 200 and 500 kW units Please Company Offshore Sale New technology. conversion of associated gas (ca. 60-150 m3/h raw contact indicated that suitable Pending into syngas, which can be used methane) company for O&M is depending on installations at for power generation or fuel additional comparable to power/gas several production operational a diesel receiver international and Please contact company for requirements generator. availability domestic gas well tolerance to BTU variability sites H2S tolerance up to 200 ppm Scalable & modular – Please contact Please contact multiple of 200 and 500 company for company for Minimum gas intake pressure O&M 0.4 psi kW units certification Handles flow variability (<50% Cost USD2.5 million/MW Please contact change in 15 minutes) for gas scrubber and company for generation set; footprint USD0.8 million/MW for gas scrubber alone Page 14 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Power Generation 3 Power Generation Technologies suitable to generate electricity from associated gas. Each summary includes basic information on performance, technical requirements to implement and operate the equipment, the technology developer’s business model, and existing applications currently in operation. Page 15 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Power Generation Aggreko With 10 GW of global generation capacity and operations in more than 100 countries, Aggreko is the world's leading supplier of mobile, modular power generation, temperature control, energy storage and hybrid projects incl. renewables. Aggreko supports a diverse range of customers including supplying large-scale, supplementary generation capacity to state utilities, powering off- grid mines, oil & gas facilities, and a wide array of heavy industries. Aggreko have developed a fully integrated, mobile generation system running on APG or any alternative gas, to exploit gas reserves of any size where the construction of permanent infrastructure is economically unattractive, in particular due to volume changes in time. Much needed electricity is produced through previously wasted fuel and customers avoid excess carbon and air pollutant emissions as well as possible financial penalties imposed on flaring. Contact: AggrekoFlareToPower@aggreko.com Additional Technology & Operating Size range & Offshore operational O&M Business model Experience to date conditions Cost suitability requirements Power generation using gas Aggreko operates a fleet Each project has Aggreko Extensive Simple rental Flare gas-to-power reciprocating engines. Co- of generators ranging bespoke manages all power available. sites have been generation can be added. from 36kW to 10MW. requirements, O&M generation Turnkey service successfully Gas volume requirements 9.5 Mcf which are activities, as experience in provision model operating since (270 m3)/ MW. managed and built part of its offshore with all project 2008. Aggreko Handles standard inlet gas Scalable, modular. Truck into the project fully environments. elements currently generates pressure ranges 5-6 bar; and up mounted optional. Typical integrated, Aggreko’s managed by ~500 MW at sites in design. Aggreko to 190 bar with gas pressure 1 MW gensets are end-to-end APG Aggreko. Africa, the Americas, provides the reduction and scrubbing containerized in 20 ft turnkey references Minimizes capital Asia and Europe. design, solution. All are mostly on- outlay and offers The company’s APG equipment. containers. engineering, Technology covers a range of gas maintenance shore, with complete portfolio continues commissioning of & refurbs are the first flexibility & to grow thanks to a specs. the projects and performed reference for scalability. combination of H2S content up to 10 ppm and Pricing is dependent on can operate them by Aggreko. off-shore in Contact Aggreko positive economic more under certain conditions. each specific project. Multi-fueling available (gas and Contact Aggreko for upon need. the North Sea. for BOT and environmental opportunities. impact. propane). details. Page 16 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Power Generation APR Energy: TM2500+TM Mobile Gas Turbine APR Energy became an independent company in March 2004, when co-founders John Campion and Laurence Anderson bought the ALSTOM Power Rentals division from ALSTOM Power. They continued to operate with a licensing agreement under the ALSTOM brand until June 2008, when it was rebranded as APR Energy. In June 2011, Horizon Acquisition Company acquired APR Energy, and in September 2011 re-listed it on the London Stock Exchange. APR Energy headquarter is in Jacksonville, Florida. Contact: Eric Toumayan, eric.toumayan@aprenergy.com Additional Technology & operating Size range & Offshore Experience to operational O&M Business model conditions cost suitability date requirements Turnkey power generation TM2500+ ISO rating The turbine fleet is APR provides APR standard APR typically APR has a fleet of solutions using gas turbines is 26-30MW (will designed for rapid comprehensive turbine structures its in excess of Please contact APR Energy increase to 30 – deployment and operation and products are deals as Power 2000MW and has for gas-pressure/volume 35MW in 2017) reliable ongoing maintenance not configured Purchase completed over requirements and operation in any services, plus for offshore Agreements, but 3GW over 30 customized performance environment supply of all service. for longer term countries. Please data necessary spare Customized contracts BOOT contact APR Please contact APR Energy Turbine solutions are parts and options are options are Energy for further for sensitivity to gas scalable and consumables available. available. IPP details composition and flow rate modular, ranging for the turbines Please contact solutions from 20 to 500 MW and balance of APR Energy for inclusive of fuel Multi-fuel configurations Please contact APR plant further details supply also (diesel, gas, LPG, naphtha) Energy for cost possible. Please contact APR Energy for further details Page 17 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Power Generation Capstone Turbine Corporation: C30, C65, C200, C600S, C800S and C1000S Capstone is a member of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Combined Heat and Power Partnership, which is committed to improving the efficiency of the nation’s energy infrastructure and reducing emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases. A UL-Certified ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 14001:2004 company, Capstone is headquartered in the Los Angeles area with sales and/or service centers in the United States, Latin America, Europe, Middle East, China and Singapore. Contact: Dorian Alloatti: dalloatti@CGRNenergy.com Additional Technology & operating Size range & Offshore Experience to operational O&M Business model conditions cost suitability date requirements Micro-turbine power Unit sizes available: Beside gas flare, air Includes the Available Sale through Several units generation 30, 65, 200, 600, 800, and fuel free of first 8,000 configuration international C30s, C65, C800s Gas volume requirement: 10 1000 kW liquids and filtered hours and then suitable for distributors’ C1000s operating Mcf/day for 30 kW; 20 for particulates are the 40,000 offshore. network. Lease on wet flare gas in Mcf/day for 65 kW; 54 required for off- hours and financing Germany, the U.S. Mcf/day for 200 kW grid application. overhauls. Compliant for options also (Wyoming, Gas inlet pressure is 55-60 Units are scalable Air and fuel explosive available California) and psig for C3 model, 75-80 psig and modular. Can be filters change environments Russia. The units for C65 to C1000 models put in parallel. All (site (ATEX in Russia operate Handles variable gas models can be skid or dependent). Directive on flare gas composition (up to 70% CO2, trailer mounted, or 94/9/EC) containing up to 22% N2, 30,000 ppm H2S) and containerized No lubricants of 3.5 % H2S flow refrigerant Pre-processing is not Cost USD1,000 - required expected to be required 1,700/kW depending Multi-fueling is possible on model, using diesel, propane and configuration and kerosene options Page 18 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Power Generation GE: Waukesha and Jenbacher For more than 80 years, GE has been recognized as a manufacturer in the development and production of gas engines for the efficient generation of power and heat. Essential components necessary for reliable engine operation – such as spark plugs, gas mixer, and engine controls – are developed directly in Jenbach and Waukesha. This allows GE to control the development and construction, system integration, and testing of the complete units. Contact: Larissa Shaaked, larissa.shaaked@ge.com Additional Technology & operating Size range & Offshore Experience to operational O&M Business model conditions cost suitability date requirements Power generation using Unit size range for Please contact O&M is carried Waukesha Sale through ~30 years of reciprocating gas engines. Waukesha engines: company for out by engines are authorized experience in Depend on engine type, 200KW – 3.7MW; additional authorized suitable for distributors & remote areas. application – island, standby or Jenbacher engines: operational distributors and offshore service providers continuous and power rating 250KW – 9.5MW requirements service 3 applications Gas inlet pressure is 60 – 115 Units are scalable, providers. Please contact using associated psi. Allowable gas pressure modular and company for gas supply in variation: ±10% containerized. Please contact certification middle East Handles variable gas company for composition and flow but not Practical size: 200KW – detailed O&M below engine nominal 2.5MW threshold Gas pre-processing provided by Please contact Please contact company but can be company for cost company for outsourced depending on footprint application Multi-fueling possible with some units Page 19 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Power Generation LPP Combustion, LLC LPP Combustion, LLC (LPP), a Maryland, USA-based company, has developed a technology for lean, pre-mixed, pre-vaporized combustion of liquid fuels, allowing these fuels to burn cleanly in natural gas-fired power turbines and other combustion devices. Contact: Leo Eskin, eskinl@lppcombustion.com Chris Broemmelsiek, broemmelsiekc@lppcombustion.com Arthur Schatz, schatza@lppcombustion.com Additional Technology & operating Size range & Offshore Experience to operational O&M Business model conditions cost suitability date requirements Fuel preparation skid for Unit size range from Oil and gas Company Sale, lease A mobile 30 kW - making flare gas usable in 30 kW to 300 MW plant indicated commercial unit turbines or engines technician can suitability for running on flare Gas volume requirement of Genset can be learn to offshore gas. 186 – 280 Mcf/day/MW for supplied upon request operate the Currently simple-cycle turbines skid installing a 65 kW skid in Canada to Compresses the fuel to Skids are inherently Please contact operate on turbine inlet pressure modular in design, and company for vaporized waste Handles variable gas containerized and Annual certification petroleum composition and flow truck mounted up to maintenance products 30 MW outage of few Pre-processing of gas not Cost USD1200/kW for days is Please contact required systems under 200 kW anticipated company for Multi-fueling simultaneously and USD150 – 300/kW footprint and by rapid switching for multi-MW Page 20 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Power Generation MESA Natural Gas Solutions LLC Company Overview Mesa is a leading power solutions company specializing in the manufacturing, sales, leasing and operations of natural gas and liquid propane-powered mobile and stationary generator sets. Mesa’s best-in-class power solutions enable customers to reduce their energy costs and capital expenditures as well as increase reliability and operational up-time, all while lowering emissions and decreasing carbon footprint. Contact: Zachary Soukup zach.soukup@mesangs.com Trey Lawson trey.lawson@mesangs.com Additional Technology & Operating Size range & Offshore Business operational O&M Experience to date conditions Cost suitability model requirements Power generation Relocatable units: 70 – 350 None Minor Not currently Sale, lease or 450 MW powergen kW, 480V quarterly/semi- suitable for joint venture fleet Gas inlet pressure : 6 – 90 Stationary standby units: annual offshore psi. 300 – 400 kW 480V maintenance. operation More than 20 million Standard prime units: 70 runtime hours using kW – 350 kW 480V Operation and associated gas and/or Handles variable gas Units come in an enclosed, maintenance non-commercial composition and flow with weatherized trailer or skid. can be carried gaseous fuels automatic air/fuel Up to 32 sets can be run in out by trained management parallel oil company 32 MW of commercial personnel. & industrial microgrids No processing needed for Power conversion MESA offers a installed since 2018 < 100 ppm H2S efficiency: 0.25 mcf/day 4-week training per kW of average load program Automatic fuel switching Please contact company to secondary source. for cost data Acceptable fuels: AG, propane, CNG, LPG (800 – 2500+ BTU/scf Page 21 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Power Generation Moser Energy Systems Moser Energy Systems was founded in 1973 by Jim and Kathy Moser. Moser Energy Systems began manufacturing associated gas-powered generators in 2009, changing the way oil and gas operators make use of unwanted associated gas from oil wells, a resource often burned off (flared). Moser Energy Systems is headquartered in Wyoming, USA. Contact: Mark Bohon, mark@moseres.com Pascal Boudreau, pascal@moseres.com Additional Technology & operating Size range & Offshore Experience to operational O&M Business model conditions cost suitability date requirements Power generation using Unit size available: Minimize liquids in Monthly oil In progress Sale, rental or Moser fleet has natural gas generator 70, 125, 170, 225, wellhead gas changes, joint venture over 10 million Gas volume requirement of 350, 1000 kW quarterly valve run-hours using 10 -250 Mcfd depending on adjustments, associated gas unit size semi-annual Gas inlet pressure range Units are enclosed on sparkplug 5 – 50 psi trailer or skid. replacement Variable inlet gas flows and Paralleling capable up Insulating above heat content (800-1800 Btu) to 32 units ground gas lines, if Minimal to no gas processing Contact company for operations are in (up to 200 ppm H2S). cost cold climates Generators include scrubber with auto-pump to empty accumulated liquids Multi-fueling using natural gas and propane Page 22 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Power Generation OPRA Turbines: OP16 Gas Turbine OPRA Turbines is a developer and manufacturer of advanced radial gas turbines and gas turbine powered generator sets in the 2MW power range. The OP16 gas turbine benefits from a simple and flexible design providing robustness, reliability, and low emissions for a variety of applications within the oil & gas industry in the 1 – 10 MW power range. OPRA Turbines was founded in 1991. Turbine package engineering, manufacturing, R&D, testing, and service activities are located in Hengelo, The Netherlands. Contact: Anshuman Pandey , apa@opra.nl ; +31 6 211 540 93 sales@opra.nl Additional Technology & operating Size range & Offshore Experience to operational O&M Business model conditions cost suitability date requirements Power generation using Turbines typically 1 inspection Turbine has Sale, rental, 28 turbines in Auxiliary power radial gas turbines scaled to 1 – 10 MW per year and DNV - API 616 BOO, BOOT offshore and for black start Gas volume requirement of overhaul at type approval onshore oil and 332 Mcfd /MW and a LHV 42,500 hours for offshore gas fields in range 5-120 MJ/kg applications Russia, North Sea and Brazil Gas inlet pressure > 145 psi Turbines are scalable, modular and Handles variable gas containerized - 20 ft. Virtually zero 20-ft container Over 1 million composition and low heating configuration lube oil footprint operating hours values consumption using associated Pre-processing of gas not Cost USD900-1000/kW gas required (H2S limit ≤4% vol) Multi-fueling by rapid switching Page 23 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Power Generation Turboden – Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group Turboden, part of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries group since 2013, is involved in the development and production of ORC turbogenerators, which harness heat to generate electric and thermal energy, and provide energy efficiency solutions for the oil & gas sector by recovering heat from exhaust gases. Founded in 1980 as spin-off of Politecnico of Milan, Turboden has installed more than 330 plants worldwide accounting for 8 million operating hours and 11,000 GWh of global electrical production. Contact: Marco Baresi, Marco.Baresi@turboden.it Additional Technology & operating Practical size & Offshore Experience to operational O&M Business model conditions cost suitability date requirements Power generation ORC unit sizes of 200 Cooling 1 standard The ORC unit Sale, Lease A commercial ORC system uses a thermal kW to 20 MW water maintenance of can be (through plant (1.8 MW) is boiler fed by flare gas to required in a week/year containerized partnership with operating on flare vaporize an organic fluid used to case of CHP and no in containers MHI) gas in Osa-Perm, generate electricity in a Rankine mode overhaul or shelters Russia since cycle suitable for January 2015 Gas volume requirement 1.5 – offshore 20 MMcf/day (respectively 1 – service 20 MW ORC unit) Gas inlet minimum pressure > Turbines are scalable, 1.5 psi modular and Handles variable gas fuel containerized. The footprint composition and flow Truck mounted up to will depend on 300 kW the ORC unit Pre-processing of gas is not Cost USD4000-4500/kW size. The expected to be required for 300-600 kW; smallest is a Multi-fueling simultaneously by USD2800-3300/kW for 300 kW system mixing flare gas with natural gas 1–5 MW; USD1700- which fits in a and other fuels (e.g. Diesel) 2200/kW for >5 MW 40’ container Page 24 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Power Generation Unicorn Power Ltd. and Green Recycling Technologies Unicorn Power Solutions Private Ltd offers facility power solutions and services, with presence across India and in the Middle East. Unicorn’s business portfolio consists of standby power solutions and facility services and comprises diesel generators, UPS Systems, specialized batteries, DC power systems, facility management and power quality & energy management solutions. Unicorn’s alliances in respective product segments enable Unicorn to offer products and solutions backed with round the clock, on-site services. Contact: Steven Miszkowicz, sm1.grt@gmail.com Additional Technology & operating Size range & Offshore Experience to operational O&M Business model conditions cost suitability date requirements Power generation using gas Unit size range is 200 - Please contact Company Company Sale Well-site testing turbines 500 kW. company for indicated that indicated scheduled Company indicated electric (gas requirement 63 – additional O&M is suitability for 1Q2017. Plans for efficiency 30-35%. 296 Mscft/day) operational comparable to offshore installations at Minimum gas intake Turbines are scalable, requirements a diesel Please contact several pressure 0.4 psi modular (up to 20 x generator. company for international and 500 kW) and certification domestic gas well For gas composition containerized (40 ft Please contact sites. variation, please contact container per 500KW company for company. unit) detailed O&M Gas pre-processing not Cost USD2.5 Footprint is 40 required for H2S conc. < 200 million/MW ft container for ppm. 500 kW Multi-fueling performed simultaneously using diesel or gasoline Page 25 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Power Generation Wärtsilä SG, LG and GD Flexible power plants Wärtsilä is over 180 years old and provides advanced technologies and lifecycle solutions for the marine and energy markets. The company has operations in over 200 locations in more than 70 countries around the world. Wärtsilä is listed on Nasdaq Helsinki. GD, SG and LG power plants were developed to provide a broad range of solutions suitable for demanding applications in the oil and gas industry and fluctuating fuel supply both in term of composition or flowrate. Contact: Thomas Bourliere, Thomas.bourliere@wartsila.com Page 26 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer 4 CNG – Compressed Natural Gas Small-scale CNG technologies used to compress (associated) gas to increase its energy density, thereby allowing economic transport of the gas to markets. Where a pipeline may be uneconomic or not yet constructed, CNG offers a ‘virtual pipeline’ to transport gas to supply power plants and industrial and domestic gas users, or for use as a fuel for cars and (small) trucks. A CNG system requires pre-processing of the (associated) gas to remove contaminants such as CO2 and H2S. To meet gas specification, removal of N2 and/or higher hydrocarbons may also be required. CNG has a lower energy density than LNG, but the lower capital cost of CNG can make it an attractive option especially for small (<~ 5 MMscf/d) gas volumes. For larger gas volumes and/or distances to market, however, the large number of trucks needed to transport the gas can make it economically and/or operationally unattractive. Each summary includes basic information on performance, technical requirements to implement and operate the equipment, the technology developer’s business model, and existing applications currently in operation. Page 27 CNG GE GE’s second-generation, optimized CNG In A Box technology is a modular ‘plug and play’ system that enables the rapid establishment of CNG fueling stations to keep pace with demand. This scalable solution helps expand fueling networks by removing the financial risk that has previously limited market development, enabling more CNG station entrepreneurs to build their own stations. Contact: www.bhge.com/supplier-center GE – Additional Size range & Storage/ Offshore Business Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M cost transportation suitability model date conditions requirements CNG In A BoxTM Unit size ranges Power Requires Storage Not currently Sale Over 70 CNG system/custom CNG from 0.2-2.6 generation operator with requirements certified for In A Box packages MMscfd, scalable requirements reciprocating depend on offshore. systems in up to 20× for (400 kW for a equipment desired fueling operation custom CNG 400 hp CNG In experience. speed. Please contact packages A Box system) company for Suction pressures >= 30 ‘CNG In a Box’ supplied by Please Please contact more psi. system is modular company for information company. contact Feedgas must be and transportable more company for treated to remove H2S. by a single truck. information Requires O&M Pre-processing is Custom CNG packages may dispensers to requirements dependent on gas specification and can be require as many load the CNG provided by GE as four per into vehicles (if package required) Handles rapidly varying Cost is USD500k gas flows for a 400 hp CNG In a Box system Page 28 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer 5 Mini-LNG – Liquefied Natural Gas Small-scale LNG technologies used to liquefy (associated) gas to increase its energy density, thereby allowing economic transport of the gas to markets. Where a pipeline may be uneconomic or not yet constructed, small-scale LNG offers a ‘virtual pipeline’ to transport gas to supply power plants, industrial and domestic gas users, and/or for use as a fuel for cars and trucks. LNG has a higher energy density than CNG, making it a more attractive option for transporting larger (>~ 5 MMscf/d) gas volumes and/or distances to market. Its higher capital cost, however, can make it economically unattractive for small gas volumes. LNG liquefaction requires pre-processing of the (associated) gas to remove contaminants such as CO2, H2S and mercury. To meet gas specification, removal of N2 and/or higher hydrocarbons may also be required. LNG is used in many parts of the world to supply gas (following re-gasification) to power plants and industrial/domestic gas users. It is also being increasingly used in liquid form as a fuel for large trucks. Each summary includes basic information on performance, technical requirements to implement and operate the equipment, the technology developer’s business model, and existing applications currently in operation. Page 29 Mini-LNG Beerensgroup DMCC Company Overview Beerensgroup offers small scale LNG liquefaction plants in a range of sizes. We also offer LNG ISOTANKS, each holding 950 MMbtu of gas that can be used for both storage and transport. Contact Thomas Miller, email@beerensgas.com UAE: +971 56 797 4500 EU +47 92 329 329 www.beerensgas.com; www.beerenstank.comT Technology & Operating Size range & Additional O&M Offshore Business Experience to conditions cost operational suitability model date requirements suitability Small Scale liquefaction plants, Liquefaction Onsite storage required. Beerensgroup are Small-scale Liquefaction First company in the transport and storage of LNG. plants from 15 Beerensgroup offers Building and LNG plants plants are offered on world shipping LNG Satellite stations, storage tanks, tonnes/d LNG storage units from operating Small Scale (scalable 15 either an EPC or BOT to China in Isotanks vaporizers, cryogenic pumps, (780 MMbtu) 40 m3 to 4000 m3 LNG plants. If client tons/d units) basis ISOTANKS are from 2 European fuelling stations, dispensers and to 230 tonnes/d capacities. prefer to operate have a small leased out for a terminals. modular liquefaction plants. (11,960 MMbtu) Beerensgroup will do footprint and minimum period of 3 LNG ISOTANKS holding 18 ton the training with the are suitable years. 1 of 2 companies from 8 – 10 bars. Holding time up Plants are customers operators. for offshore distributing LNG in to 110 days with no boil off. modular and (15 tons/d) require operations. Beerensgroup offers a road scalable. minimal training; full door to door tankers/isotanks in larger plants require supply chain delivering India for state oil more intensive LNG in ISOTANKS and gas companies. training. Liquefaction plants can handle For transport of The liquefaction plants Training is provided Our isotanks are in rapid variations in gas flowrate LNG, 40 ft T-75 require power from: 500 by Beerensgroup. use in UK, and composition. ISOTANKS. kW for 15 tons/d up to Netherlands, 4MW for 230 tons/d. Maintenance Belgium, India and Each tank holds programs are China. Liquefaction plants are custom 950 MMbtu or 18 Beerengroup build and provided by Our Concept? A Liquefaction plants built, and the design addresses ton at 8 bars for operate LNG fuelled Beerensgroup containerized 0.5-2 in any plant inlet pressure and gas up to 110 days (500 kW to 2 MW) MW power plant Operations in a feedstock composition. with no boil off. generators. based on LNG or Liquid number of countries Boil off gas treatment plants H2 to supply including Indonesia, electricity. China and India Page 30 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Mini-LNG Chart Industries Chart is involved in the design and manufacture of cryogenic equipment used from the beginning to the end in the liquid gas supply chain. For more than 40 years Chart has worked on the development and use of LNG and supplies equipment and solutions across the complete LNG value chain – liquefaction, storage, distribution, and end-use. Contact: Ty Webb, ty.webb@chartindustries.com Paul Shields, Paul.Shields@chartindustries.com Chart – Additional Size range & Storage/ Offshore Experience Technology & operating operational O&M Business model cost transportation suitability to date conditions requirements Small-scale LNG Unit sizes available: Power Chart can Systems are Company Multiple liquefaction 4.0(0.03), 8.1(0.06), requirement provide compatible with indicated plants Nitrogen expansion, 12.2(0.08), 16.2 (0.11), varies. Please training Chart designed suitability operating in closed loop. 20.3 (0.14), 36.5(0.25), contact programs to and built for offshore North Mixed refrigerant Joule 40.5(0.28), 71.4(0.50) company the storage or third- applications America and Thompson, closed loop and 142.8(1) MMCSFD operators party storage by other (MTPA) optimizing regions Gas inlet pressure range Scalable/modular footprint. is 450 - 950 psig units in any Chart can design and size/configuration All plants Maintenance Please contact Please provide gas pre- from available units require is generally company for contact processing solutions as instrument air, routine and transportation company for required for cryogenic mostly more refrigerant liquefaction associated information supply and Can handle changing gas Please contact other standard with rotating flows. Capable of company for cost equipment utilities turndown to 50% of in the plant design capacity Page 31 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Mini-LNG Expansion Energy Expansion Energy is a New York-based company focused on developing and licensing technologies for the energy, environmental and industrial sectors. The company’s technologies stem largely from the science of cryogenics and the disciplines of natural gas processing and industrial gas production. Contact: Jeremy Dockter, jdockter@expansion-energy.com David Vandor, dvandor@expansion-energy.com Expansion Energy – Additional Size range & Storage/ Offshore Business Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M cost transportation suitability model date conditions requirements Mini-LNG liquefaction Unit sizes range from All required Company VX Cycle is Small Sell, lease or 10 VX Cycle using patented 0.35 to 42 MMCSFD power is indicated low flexible footprint license LNG plants methane expansion (2,500 – 300,000 produced on maintenance regarding allows for have been cycle: the “VXTM Cycle”. MTPA) site by the VX requirements. storage offshore built and Minimum gas inlet Scalable and modular Cycle using pressure, LNG deployment. deployed over pressure is 50 psia. for all scales, and the feedstock Please contact temperature the past Booster compressor can truck mounted for the gas company for and storage Please contact several years be added if gas pressure smallest versions. more container company for is lower Standard sizes are information configurations. more All pre-processing, such 6,000 and 100,000 information as water and CO2 GPD of production. VX Cycle removal, are included in The 100,000 GPD produces a the VX Cycle, and pre- plant requires about 9 “sub-cooled” treatment skid removes MMSCFD of feed gas LNG product, H2S which minimizes Handles rapidly varying Please contact LNG boil-off gas flows company for cost Page 32 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Mini-LNG Galileo Company Overview Cryobox® has an adjustable production capacity of up to 9013 gpd (gallons per day). The high-pressure, thermodynamic cycle of the Cryobox converts natural gas to the liquid state as temperatures are reduced to less than -225 °F. This multi-stage compression process includes a “boil-off” recovery system which eliminates all gas-venting usually associated with LNG storage and loading facilities. This process avoids gas waste while complying with all safety and ecologic regulations. Contact: Gabriel Lorenzi, glorenzi@galileoar.com Additional Technology & Operating Size range & Storage/ Offshore Business Experience operational O&M conditions Cost Transportation suitability model to date requirements Mini-LNG liquefaction. Unit size is 0.7 MMscfd 437 kW power Provides full Vertical / Technology Sale, leasing 5 years Joule Thomson plus a which produces 5000 supply (Galileo training for Horizontal is suitable or liquefaction producing closed loop single tpa of LNG. also provide customer storage tanks for offshore services - LNG, with refrigerant Full boil-off recovery Gas driven technicians and 300 m3 capacity applications, customer equipment (propane) system. Units 24x7 technical configured provides the in Argentina, when power support. as a gas, Galileo USA, Gas inlet pressure 160 Scalable & modular. Cryobarge. operates and Australia, psi. Each unit fits in the supply is not charges a and available), Treatment system (ZPTS) size of a 40 feet Preventive 40’ Please fixed fee per Colombia. can be provided to clean seacontainer, which compressed air maintenance Isocontainers for contact MMbtu non-desirable facilitates its delivery and internet (1hr duration) distribution (17 company for liquefied 40 systems components such as N2, on a single trailer. connection recommended metric tonnes of more installed H2O, Mercaptans, Start up in 5 mins, full each 2,000 LNG each) and information. International Mercury etc, and production in 10 mins. operating Vertical / opportunities reducing the CO2 to the Easily relocatable. hours Horizontal sought required <50 ppm storage tanks Units can be 300 m3 capacity remotely operated Can adapt to changing Liquefaction plant Opex ~ 1 US$ gas composition by (including treatment) per MMbtu modifying treatment. FOB cost 600 US$/tpa. Page 33 Mini-LNG GE From design to engineering and manufacturing, GE offers skid-mounted small- scale solutions to provide a cleaner, abundant fuel source. Available with four distinct refrigeration cycles, the plant’s design and equipment selection can be customized to meet your production requirements. GE’s fully-modular design applies standardized components and a simplified, proprietary plant control system to reduce plant commissioning time, maintenance needs and installation costs, while enhancing plant operability and efficiency. Designed for a variety of remote power, utility, and transportation applications, this fully integrated, plug- and-play natural gas liquefaction plant can produce between 25k and 1,200k gallons of LNG per day. Contact: Chris Maslak, chris.maslak@ge.com Larissa Shaaked, larissa.shaaked@ge.com GE – Additional Size range & Storage/ Offshore Business Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M cost transportation suitability model date conditions requirements Mini-LNG liquefaction. Unit sizes range Power Please Company Footprint is Sale, lease Two applications Nitrogen expansion, from 0.25 - generation contact indicated dependent on using stranded methane open loop, 1.2MM GPD requirements company for additional volume of or associated gas pre-cooled mixed supplied by O&M requirement of flaring but can supply – ~10 refrigerant (MR and company requirements logistics of moving be modularized years of single-cycle MR) gas to final suitable for experience in destination and offshore. remote areas GE also provides pre- Transportable and storage. treatment to handle off- capable to be Please contact specification gas truck mounted Please contact company for Pre-processing of gas company for more more can be outsourced information information depending on application Solutions are available Please contact to handle fluctuation in company for cost gas supply Page 34 6 Mini-GTL – Gas to Liquids Advances in modular GTL technologies have recently enabled small-scale GTL plants (~/>10MMscfd of gas), highly flexible mini-GTL units (~/>1MMscfd of gas) and even remotely controlled micro-GTL “machines” (~/<1MMscfd of gas), to be operationally and economically feasible. Commercial offers are available from a number of technology providers and the first few plants are being built. For the latest update, please see the latest Mini-GTL Bulletin Volume 5, issued in July of 2018. The final GTL product may be syncrude, which can be injected into an oil pipeline, thereby avoiding the need to transport another product to market, or higher-value fuels or chemical feedstocks such as gasoline, diesel, naphtha, methanol or di-methyl ether (DME). Conversion of (associated) gas to a liquid significantly increases the gas’ value and its ease of transport, but the chemical conversion process is obviously more expensive compared to other direct gas utilization options such as CNG or mini-LNG. However, it is the TOTAL cost from flare gas intake through processing and distribution to final use that determines the overall financial return. Most of the conversion technologies require no pre-processing of the gas other than to remove contaminants. In many cases, separation of higher hydrocarbons (LPG and condensate) creates valuable income streams in addition to the GTL product revenue. The individual company overviews include basic information on performance, technical requirements to implement and operate the equipment, the technology developer’s business model, and existing applications currently in operation. Page 35 Mini-GTL CompactGTL CompactGTL was an early leader in the development of small scale GTL technologies. In collaboration with Petrobras, their modular innovative GLT-FT technology was demonstrated in a large pilot plant in Brazil. They then focused on building their first commercial plant in Kazakhstan using 25MMscfd of associated gas to make clean diesel and other products. Global political and economic developments stopped the commercial process. Today, 2 projects are in the feasibility and pre-FEED stage. Contact: Elchin Salmanov elchin.salmanov@compactgtl.com +44 0 203 971 2330 Technology & CompactGTL – Additional operating Size range & operational O&M Offshore suitability Business model Experience to date conditions cost requirements Small scale GTL Unit sizes available Plant can be Company provides Company indicated License, design as Integrated gas via a patented from 1,000 to 15,000 designed on a operator training suitability for well as feed to liquid two-stage barrels of synthetic completely stand- offshore build/own/operate products Fischer-Tropsch crude/diesel per day; alone basis applications for smaller Commercial process required gas supply capacities Demonstration 10 – 150 MMscf/d Plant operated successfully for 3 FT reactors years with Product: modularized with Please contact Petrobras in Brazil. Synthetic crude module dimensions company for Technology or diesel of a 40 feet container certification and approved for use Please contact footprint within Petrobras. Compact GTL is company for costs Over 8 years of also working on testing in multiple Waste to Liquid rigs in CGTL pilot projects plant in Wilton, UK Page 36 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Mini-GTL Emerging Fuels Technology: EFT EFT emerged from Syntroleum, a leading GTL company in the nineties. Ken and Mark Agee are leading EFT. They have developed a modular Flare BusterTM GTL-FT platform together with Black & Veatch. Recently they have announced the FLARE BUSTER 25, which is a nominal 25 bpd mobile, remotely controlled and self-sufficient micro-GTL plant that produces syncrude. 50 and 250 bpd versions are being developed. Contact: Mark Agee at magee@emergingfuels.com; +1 918 605 5456 EFT Additional Size range & Offshore Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M Business model cost suitability date conditions requirements Advanced GTL-FT catalyst MiniGTL: 500bpd (and up) Can be self- Highly Currently Licensing Decades of and reactor. Catalyst has 5MMscfd gas, Fob cost <$50 supporting! automated under experience of high activity and long life. mln operation; evaluation Build and sale world scale GTL plants. Modules for gas MicroGTL: 25bpd (and up) Power and Low treatment for high M 25 (see Picture) water supply, maintenance Large laboratory feedstock flexibility; Delivery: 26 weeks, FOB cost wastewater cost for R&D and 500bpd) and M class “Micro-GTL” units (>5bpd). Contact: Robert Schuetzle; rschuetzle@greyrock.com Technology & Size range & Additional operational Offshore operating O&M Business model Experience to date cost requirements suitability conditions Gas-to-liquid Uses a modular, integrated Power would be required Typical O&M that Company Licensing. Successfully Fischer Tropsch architecture with an for operations. would be indicated that Greyrock’s JV demonstrated the conversion. adaptive control system to associated with smaller unit partners technology at the 30 deliver robust Power generation is an oil and gas can be suitable (Advantage bpd level in a plant in Proprietary performance; optional package equipment such for offshore Midstream in Toledo, Ohio in 2011- catalyst that P Class plants (Greyrock systems have as pumps, applications. North America, 2014. directly converts M Class units for flare gas excess steam that can compressors, etc. AngloAmerican in syngas into (remote controlled); generate enough power Please contact Africa, and Perseus A Greyrock M-50 is part diesel. M 50: uses 500Mscfd to run the system and in Please contact company for in Mexico) will of a plant under some cases export company for more build/own/operate construction by power) more information information plants Advantage Midstream in Colorado. Cost ranges from US$ 65,000/bbl to US$ A project using a 100,000/bbl Greyrock M-500, modified by Expander Energy Inc, is under construction in Alberta, Canada Page 39 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Mini-GTL Bluescape Clean Fuels (formerly Primus Green Energy) Bluescape Clean Fuels, headquartered in Houston, TX, has developed its multi-patented GTL technology called STG+TM (syngas-to-gasoline+) which economically produces high value liquids such as gasoline, methanol, and syncrude directly from renewable syngas or natural gas. BCF’s flagship office and state-of-the-art demonstration facility in Hillsborough, NJ serve as the hub of its operations and technical development programs. BCF has increased its project development efforts in the renewables space, working with various waste gasification technologies to produce a ‘zero fossil fuel’ gasoline that requires no further refining. Beyond renewables, BCF continues to work around the globe with governments and private companies alike on flare reduction and stranded natural gas monetization opportunities. Contact: info@bluescapecleanfuels.com Additional Technology & Size range & Experience to operational O&M Offshore suitability Business model Operating conditions Cost date requirements Small scale GTL via All units are modular STG+™ can fully STG+™ plants have Feasibility studies Flexible Operating multi-patented design and scalable integrate with minimal labor indicate suitability for structures, from demonstration technology. most gasification requirements. offshore application system supply to plant (7 bpd (NOT a Fischer- Size range from technologies due to STG+™ flexible build/ own/ gasoline or 14 Tropsch process) 100 bbl/day – 5000 Requires a single layout options operate bpd methanol) bbl/day Requires operator during and small footprint. with > 11,000 Products: gasoline, standard normal plant hrs successful methanol, or syncrude Competitive capital utilities; option operation. Please contact BCF for operation cost. Please contact to locate at additional details. With gasified BCF for details. operating Shut down for FEED programs biofeedstocks, all facilities or maintenance is only completed for products are remote 10 days per year. methanol and renewable locations. gasoline commercial facilities Page 40 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer 7 Innovative applications Applications where combinations of technologies are used to offer innovative ways in which associated gas can be used. Page 41 Novel applications Crusoe Energy Systems, Inc Company Overview Crusoe Energy Systems, Inc. is on a mission to eliminate the routine flaring of natural gas by providing oil and gas companies with a fast, low cost and simple solution to stranded gas. Our Digital Flare Mitigation® (DFM) systems convert otherwise wasted natural gas into electricity to power energy-intensive computing right at the well site. We are passionate about creating solutions that benefit the environment, local communities and energy producers. Based in Denver, Colorado, Crusoe was founded in 2018 and has deployed over 40 DFM data centers across some of North America's most prolific oil and gas basins including the Bakken, the Powder River, and the Denver-Julesburg. In 2021, Crusoe closed $128 million in Series B equity financing from leading technology and climate-focused investors. Crusoe plans to expand its operational footprint with projects in the Permian Basin in 2021. Contacts: Anna Pierini apierini@crusoeenergy.com Technology & Operating Additional operational Offshore Size range & Cost O&M Business model Experience to date conditions requirements suitability Digital Flare Mitigation®: On- Highly scalable, modular Flexible BTU range from 900-2500 Crusoe Suitable for Crusoe provides a Crusoe has been in business since site electricity generation solution: 1.7MW to btu/scf. operates the offshore total solution to flare 2018. In that time, Crusoe has using gas reciprocating 40+MW: equipment. deployment gas mitigation and deployed 40+ Digital Flare Mitigation® engines and turbines to power No processing required besides capture at little to no systems throughout the United States modular and mobile advanced The smallest single basic separation of liquids using O&M carried cost to producers. and mitigated over 1 billion cubic feet computing systems. module consists of one the operator’s existing on-site out by Crusoe’s Crusoe provides, of flare gas. Crusoe's clients have 2 MW generator separator in-house installs, and operates included a range of public and private 9.9 mcf/MWh at 1000 BTU/scf capable of consuming Max allowable H2S >20pp without mechanics, all equipment for operators, ranging from small, private- Gas inlet pressure: 30-150 psi up to 300 mcf/d of rich treatment electricians Digital Flare equity backed producers to large (~1,500 BTU) gas and and Mitigation. In many International Oil Companies. two 40’x9’ modular technicians as cases, Crusoe is able data centers. Scalable well as to purchase the gas up to 40+MW with authorized from the producer. turbine generators. service providers Modules are skidmounted. If gas flow rates are unstable, Offered as a service at Crusoe can install a CNG little to no cost to the vessel to act as a “gas battery” producer to smooth flow rates. Page 42 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Multi-phase pumping 8 Multi-phase pumps Multi-phase pumps offer a potentially attractive way to combine oil, gas and water production from multiple (small) production sites so that the fluids can be processed centrally, thereby benefitting from economies of scale. Page 43 Multi-phase pumping ITT Bornemann GmbH Company Overview TT Bornemann GmbH, established in 1853 in Germany, offers Multiphase Boosting Systems which are used to eliminate flaring and field separation. Bornemann pumps simply boost the whole untreated flow coming from the wells to a Central Processing Facility which can be 100 km away from the production site(s). In this way the environmental impact is reduced to a minimum, no flaring and no need for smaller facilities close to the oil wells. With only one pipeline the untreated flow is transported to be processed in a larger central unit. In this way all the gas can be more efficiently separated on a bigger scale and can , for example, be used to run a turbine and produce electricity or the gas can be used for domestic use and make use of the value of the gas. Contact : René van Schöll, rene.vanschoell@itt.com Technology & Operating Size range & Additional operational Experience to O&M Offshore suitability Business model conditions Cost requirements date The Bornemann pump The systems are The pumps are situated very Low Capex - Bornemann pumps can be Bornemann will Since the can transport the flexible. The close to the wells. Power is The pumps can used on an offshore platform supply turn-key 1990's untreated- flow coming flow can go needed to operate the operate as and boost the whole flow to systems, with Bornemann from the wells, including from 20 m³/hr pumps, this can be 50kW up stand-alone, a Central Processing Platform more than 650 has installed crude/water/gas to a CPF up to 5500 to 4 MW. In some cases with no need or to an onshore location for systems running over 650 tens of kms from the m³/hr. The total Bornemann can supply a for on-site further treatment/separation systems globally systems wells. No need for investment can gas-turbine to generate personnel. of the gas. we have the worldwide, oil/water/gas separation, vary from 100k electricity from the gas invaluable onshore & compression or flaring at USD up to 20 coming from the wells. The The systems are experience to offshore the wellsite. The gas is mln USD, rest of the gas will be very robust and meet the end- simply moved forward depending on transported, together with do not need lot user with the crude/water to the capacity. the water/crude to the CPF. of attention. Up specifications the CPF where it can be Only one pipeline is needed time >99% and used to generate to to send the untreated requirements. electricity or sell for flow to the CPF. No need for domestic use. 3 (water, gas & crude) pipelines Page 44 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer