SFG3062 REV MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT TRAFFIC SAFETY PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT  *****  CENTRAL HIGHLAND CONNECTIVITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FINAL April 2017 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ABBREVIATIONS AH Affected Household AP Affected Person BOT Build-Operation-Transfer BTNC Dense Asphalt Concrete CHCIP Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project CSC Construction Supervision Consultant DONRE Provincial Department of Natural Resources and Environment ĐT Provincial Road ECOPs Environmental Code Practices ESIA Environmental and Social Impacts Assessment ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan FS Feasibility Study HH Household IBRA International Bank of Reconstruction and Development IDA International Development Association IEMC Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency MONRE Vietnam Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MOT Vietnam Ministry of Transport NH National Highway ODA Official Development Assistance PAPs/APs Project‟s Affected Persons/Affected Persons PMU Project Management Unit QCVN/TCVN Vietnam National Technical Regulations/Standards RP/RAP Resettlement Plan SA Social Assessment TOR Terms of Reference TSPMU Traffic Safety Project Management Unit USD United States Dollar USEPA US Environmental Protection Agency VND Vietnam Dong WB The World Bank WHO World Health Organization i Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment TABLES OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 7 1. Project Origin 7 2. Technical and Legal Basis 7 2.1 Vietnamese Legal Documents 7 2.2 The World Bank’s Safeguards Policies and Guidelines 10 2.3 ESIA Review and Approval Authorities 12 3. Related Projects and Plans 12 3.1 Related Plans 12 3.2 Related Projects 13 4. ESIA Implementation Arrangements 14 5. Methodologies 15 5.1 ESIA Methodologies 15 5.2. Social Assessment Methods 16 CHAPTER I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 18 1.1. Background Information 18 1.2. Project Area 18 1.3. Scope of Investment 20 1.4 Machineries, Equipment and Workers to be mobillised 26 1.5 Borrow Pits and Quarries 26 1.6 Disposal Sites 29 1.7 Ancillary Facilities 30 1.7.1 Worker Camps 30 1.7.2 Access Road 33 1.7.3 Water and Power Supply 33 1.8. Construction Methods 33 1.9 Project Implementation Schedule 34 CHAPTER 2. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 36 2.1. Environmental Conditions 36 2.1.1. Geographical Conditions 36 2.1.2. Topographical Conditions 36 2.1.3 Geological Condition 38 2.1.4. Climate and Meteorological Conditions 39 2.1.6. Environmental Quality 42 2.1.6.1. Quality of Air, Noise and Vibration 42 2.1.6.2. Surface Water Quality 43 2.1.6.3. Groundwater Quality 44 2.1.6.4. Soil Quality 44 2.1.6.5. Sediments Quality 45 2.1.7. Biological Resources 45 2.1.7.1 Terrestrial Ecosystem 45 2.1.7.2 Aquatic Ecosystem 46 2.1.7.3 National Parks, Conservations Areas near Project Area 46 2.2. Economic Conditions 47 ii Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 2.3. Existing Infrastructure and Services 48 2.3.1. Transportation 48 2.3.2. Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation 50 2.3.3. Drainage and Flooding 50 2.3.4. Domestic Solid Waste Treatment 52 2.3.5. Power Supply and Communication 52 2.4 Social Conditions 52 2.4.1 Land Use 52 2.4.2 Labor and Income 54 2.4.3 Population 55 2.4.4 Education 57 2.4.5 Health 58 2.4.7 Physical Cultural Resources 59 2.5 Site-Specific Social and Environmental Conditions 60 2.6 Social and Environmental Conditions at the Ancillary Facilities 67 2.6.1 Disposal Sites 67 2.6.2 Borrow Pits, Quarries and Mixing Stations 69 2.6.3 Worker Camp 71 CHAPTER 3. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 73 3.1. Positive Impacts 73 3.2. Potential Negative Impacts 73 3.2.1. Pre-construction Phase 76 3.2.1.1. Land Acquisition, Site Clearance 76 3.2.1.2. Safety Risks Related to Unexploded Objects (UXO) 76 3.2.2. Potential Negative Impacts and Risks of Construction Phase 76 3.2.2.1. Air Pollution 76 3.2.2.2. Wastewater Generation 85 3.2.2.3. Surfacewater Quality Degradation 88 3.2.2.4. Erosion and Landslide Risks 89 3.2.2.5. Solid Waste Generation 89 3.2.2.6. Hazardous Materials 91 3.2.2.7. Impacts on Agricultural Production 91 3.2.2.8. Impacts on Biological Resources 92 3.2.2.9 CommunityDisturbance 92 3.2.2.10 Social Disturbance Related to Mobilisation of Workers 93 3.2.2.11 Impacts on Existing Infrastructure and Related Services 94 3.2.2.12. Traffic Disturbance and Increased Road-safety Risks 94 3.2.2.13 Increased localised Flooding Risks 96 3.2.2.14 Increased BushFire Risk 96 3.2.2.15 Potential Impacts on Physical Cultural Heritages 97 3.2.2.16 Occupational Health and Safety Risks for Workers 97 3.2.2.17 Public Health and Safety Risks 98 3.2.2.18 Potential Impacts related to Disposal Site 98 3.2.2.19 Impact of Blasting 99 3.2.2.20 Site-Specific Impacts 101 3.2.3 Impacts and Risks during the Operating phase 116 3.2.3.1. Impacts on Air quality 116 3.2.3.2. Separating Residential area and Production area 118 3.2.3.3. Disturb Existing Drainage 118 3.2.3.4. Increased Traffic Safety Risks 119 CHAPTER 4. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 120 iii Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 4.2 Analysis of Road Options 122 4.2.1 Options for the Pleiku City Bypass 122 4.2.2 Alternative Analysis for the Section from Km155 to Km160 123 4.2.3 Alternative Analysis for the Construction of Bridges on NH19 124 4.2.4. Solutions for at Km 65+800 on An Khe Pass 125 CHAPTER 5. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 126 5.1 MITIGATION MEASURES 126 5.1.1 Measures Incorporated in the Feasibility Study and Detailed Design 126 5.1.2 Measures to be Implemented in Pre-construction Phase 128 5.1.2.1. Measures to Prevent Safety Risks related to UXO 128 5.1.2.2. Measures to address the Impacts of Land Acquisition and Resettlement 128 5.1.3 Measures to be Implemented During Construction Phase 131 5.1.3.1. Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOP) 132 5.1.3.2. Type- Specific Mitigation Measures 147 5.1.3.2. Site- Specific Mitigation Measures 151 5.1.3.3. Site-specific Mitigation Measures along NH19 and disposal sites 156 5.2 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS, ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 196 5.2.1 Institutional Arrangements 196 5.2.2 Roles and Responsibilites 197 5.3 Environmental Compliance Framework 199 5.3.1 Environmental Duties of the Contractors 199 5.3.2 Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) 201 5.3.3 Environmental Supervision during Construction 201 5.3.4 Compliance with Legal and Contractual Requirements 202 5.3.5 Penalty System 203 5.3.6 RAP and Gender Monitoring 203 5.4 Environmental and social Monitoring Program 203 5.5 Capacity building, training 206 5.5.1 TSPMU Environmental Management Capacity 206 5.5.2 Safeguard Capacity Building Program 206 5.6 COST ESTIMATION 207 5.7 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM) 208 CHAPTER 6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 211 6.1 Consultation Process 211 6.1.1 Consultation with Local Authorities at Communes and Town Level 211 6.1.2 Consultation with Local Communities 212 6.1.3 Consultation at Provincial Level 215 6.2 Feedback Received from Public Consultation 216 6.2.1 Responses from Commune/Town People’s Committees 216 6.3 Information Disclosure 227 ANNEX 1 – DUE DILIGENCE REVIEWS 229 ANNEX 2- PHOTOS of COMMUNITY CONSULTATION 247 ANNEX 3-SAMPLING LOCATIONS 248 ANNEX 4 –DRAFT TERMS OF REFERENCES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION 250 iv Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Table 1 - Budget for Compensation and Supports to Affected Households .............................. 3 Table 2 -Environmental and Social Roles and Responsibilities ................................................. 4 Table 3 - Estimated costs for ESMP Implementation ................................................................ 6 Table 4 - List of ESIA Team Members .................................................................................... 14 Table 5 –Communes/Wards along NH19 Sections under CHCIP ........................................... 18 Table 6 - Existing Road Parameters and Proposed Investments .............................................. 21 Table 7 - List of Machineries and Equipment .......................................................................... 26 Table 8 - Material Sources........................................................................................................ 27 Table 9 - Volume of Construction Materials ............................................................................ 28 Table 10 -Proposed Disposal Sites ........................................................................................... 29 Table 11 -Proposed Locations of Worker Camps .................................................................... 31 Table 12 -Project Implementation Schedule ............................................................................ 34 Table 13 - Air Temperature in Quy Nhon and Pleiku (Unit: 0C) ............................................. 39 Table 14 - Humidity (%) .......................................................................................................... 39 Table 15 - Average Annual Rainfall......................................................................................... 40 Table 16 - Average Number of Annual SunshineHours........................................................... 40 Table 17–Baseline Air Quality ................................................................................................. 42 Table 18 -Surface Water Quality .............................................................................................. 43 Table 19 -Groundwater quality ................................................................................................ 44 Table 20 -Soil Quality .............................................................................................................. 44 Table 21 - Sediment Quality..................................................................................................... 45 Table 22 - Average Traffic Flow at Selected Locations in 2016 ............................................. 51 Table 23 -Existing Landuse in the Project Area ....................................................................... 52 Table 24 - Land-use Along NH19 ............................................................................................ 53 Table 25–Affected Household Monthly Average Income in Gia Lai Province ....................... 55 Table 26 - Population of Project Communes ........................................................................... 56 Table 27 - Schools within the Project Area .............................................................................. 57 Table 28–Site-specific Features Along NH19 .......................................................................... 60 Table 29 - Project Potential Negative Impacts ......................................................................... 75 Table 30 - Structures to be Demolished ................................................................................... 77 Table 31 -Volume of Earthwork ............................................................................................... 77 Table 32 - Dust from Excavation and Filling .......................................................................... 78 Table 33 - Amount of Dust and Gas emission from Fuel Consumption by Equipment .......... 78 Table 34 - Amount of Dust and Gas Emitted ........................................................................... 78 Table 35 - Forecasts of Exhaust Gas Emissions ....................................................................... 79 Table 36 - Typical Noise Level Generated from Construction Equipment .............................. 81 Table 37 - Noise Sensitive Receptors ....................................................................................... 82 Table 38 - Vibration Levels by Distance from Construction Equipment ................................. 84 Table 39 -Estimated Volume of Wastewater Generated .......................................................... 85 Table 40 - Volume of Wastewater and Concentration of Pollutants ........................................ 86 Table 41 - Volume of Bentonite Generated from Bridge Construction Sites .......................... 88 Table 42 - Amount of wastewater from equipment maintenance ............................................ 88 Table 43 - Estimated Solid Waste Generation.......................................................................... 90 Table 44 -Traffic accident-prone locations on NH19 during the construction phase .............. 94 Table 45 - Volume of explosives used for Blasting ................................................................. 99 Table 46 - Emission Level of Blasting ................................................................................... 100 Table 47 -Safe Distance .......................................................................................................... 100 Table 48 - Calculation of safety radius corresponding to vibration of blasting scale ............ 101 v Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Table 49 - Site-specific impacts, risks and issues ............................................................... 101 Table 50 - Forecast data on vehicle types by 2036................................................................. 117 Table 51 - Results of air pollution forecast per vehicle types (g/m3) ................................... 117 Table 52 - Traffic noise forecast for 2036 .............................................................................. 118 Table 53 - Analysis of “With” and “Without Project” Alternative ........................................ 121 Table 54 - Alternative analysis of the bypass around Pleiku City.......................................... 123 Table 55 –Comparing the Options for the Section from Km155 to Km160 .......................... 123 Table 56 - Alternative Analysis for Bridges on NH19 ........................................................... 124 Table 57 -Comparing the options ........................................................................................... 125 Table 58- Compensation and Supports to Affected Households ............................................ 128 Table 59 - Environmental Codes of Practices (ECOP) .......................................................... 133 Table 60 - Site-specific Mitigation Measures along NH19 .................................................... 156 Table 61 - Roles and responsibilities of stakeholders ............................................................ 197 Table 63 - Estimated Costs for Environmental Quality Monitoring ...................................... 205 Table 64 -Training on Environmental Management .............................................................. 207 Table 65 -Total estimated cost for implementing ESMP ....................................................... 208 Table 66 - Grievance Redress Mechanism ............................................................................. 209 Table 67 - Consultation Meetings with Local Organizations ................................................. 212 Table 68. Responses from People‟s Committees of communes, wards and district towns.... 216 Table 69 - Feedback from the Local Community Representatives ........................................ 220 Figure 1 - Location of NH19 ...................................................................................................... 1 Figure 2 -Design of Intersections with Measures to Ensure Traffic Safety ............................... 4 Figure 3 - Pleiku City Bypass ................................................................................................... 13 Figure 4 - An Khe Town Bypass .............................................................................................. 13 Figure 5. National Highway 19 Alignment .............................................................................. 19 Figure 6 - Geographical Location of NH19.............................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 7. Hydrological Map of Project Area ............................................................................ 42 Figure 8 - Pleiku Bypasses ..................................................................................................... 122 Figure 9. Design Intersections between An Khe and Pleiku Bypasses .................................. 127 Figure 10.Environmental Management Institutional Chart .................................................... 196 vi Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 Introduction The National Highway No.19 (NH19) is 243 km long, 7 to 12 m wide running from Quy Nhon Port in Quy Nhon city of Binh Dinh province to the Le Thanh border gate (with Cambodia) in Gia Lai province. The proposed Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project has been proposed with the objective to improve safe and climate-resilient road connectivity along the NH19 Central Highlands-Central Coast corridor for the road users and local population in Vietnam. 2. Project Description The proposed Project comprises of two main components with the following main physical investments: - Improve approximately 130 km of existing NH19. Physical investments include: (i) resurfacing approximately 16 km of existing road; (ii)widening approximately 114 km of road with cross section from 7m to 10-11 m, particularly one 5 km section will be widened to 16 m. Road widening will be done together with the installation of road side drains. Eight existing weak bridges with length from 9 to 33 m and width at 9 m will be rebuilt at the same locations on NH19. The section on the An Khe pass (km56 - Km67) will be improved with increase curve radius and slop protection. - Newly construction 26.9 km bypasses including 13.7 km of An Khe bypass and 13.2 km of Pleiku bypass. The road will be 11 m wide. Eight 12m wide new bridges with length from 33 to 99 m will be built along these two bypasses. Figure 1 - Location of NH19 It is estimated that construction will take place in 24 months and approximately 450 workers will be mobilized to work in the Project during construction phase. 3. Baseline Conditions The National Highway 19 runs from the coastal area in the east to the central highland in the west. Ground elevation of the road change gradually in most sections following the Terrance. 9 km of NH19 from Km 67-Km76 on the An Khe pass have curvy sections with high mountain on one side and abyss on the other side. The existing NH19 also cut through a number stream and rivers which are usually relative short, narrow at the western part near the mountains and broader in the eastern part near the delta. NH 19 passing some popular residential areas with most houses and shops located 5-15 m from road side. Some sections of NH19 passing acacia, eucalyptus plantations on the An Khe Pass and pine forest. The Project area has tropical moon climate with annual rainfall in the western part higher than that in the eastern part. Therefore, the mountainous areas on the western part if NH19 is subjected higher to soil subsident and land slide risks. That feature has been taken into account in the project proposals the thus climate resilience has been an integrated part of the Project design. 1 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Air quality sampled at residential areas along the NH19 remains relative good with all parameters are within applicable Vietnamese standard. Surface water in rainy season has total suspended solid (TSS) nearly reach allowable limit. The project is not located in environmental sensitive areas as the nearest national park and natural reserve is located at 20-50 km from Project areas. Typical vegetation cover in the project area is formed by agricultural crop/farm land, some plantations and very limited pine forest. There are no known valuable, rare/endangered aquatic species in the project area. The NH19 sections covered by the Project pass two communes of Tay Son District and 34 communes in 9 districts/towns of Gia Lai province. Crop land accounts for 57% and plantation accounts for 30.5% of total land use in the Project area. Nearly 70% of the population in the Project areas have been living in rural areas. Populated residential centres of An Khe Town and Pleiku city are located along NH19. 10.5% of surveyed household has average monthly income of less than 2 millions VND, 21.6% has average monthly income between 2 and 3 millions VND and 66.7% earn from 3 milions VND monthly. There are some groups of ethnic minorities in the Project area, mainly in Gia Lai province with the Bahnar and Jrai group account from 30 to 70% of commune population. The Kinh group mostly settle along the existing NH19. Common illness in the project area are dengue fever, influenza and eye disease. There are also cases dengue fevers. All Project communes have commune health care centres. There are 37 health care facilities along the project area including some provincial and district hospitals. There are some locations and sections with traffic accident happen more frequently than the other parts of NH19. 11 black spots of traffic accidents in have been identifed in the section from Km 140- Km 228. Four sections with higher frequency of traffic accidents are Km201-202, Km203, Km 207 and Km 213. 4. Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures With the proposed investments, the Project is expected to bring about major positive environmental impacts. These include: - Create casual jobs and incomes for local people during construction phase - Improve Traffic Safety along the National Highway 19 (NH19) in operation phase. - Contribute to Socio-economic Development in the Project area in operation phase. However, there are also potential negative impacts and risks during the construction and operation phases of the project. These potential impacts are mostly temporary, relative short term, at low to moderate level and manageable through the mitigation measures incorporated into project proposals and/or construction practices as summarized below. - Land Acquisition. The Project would acquire permanently approximately 200 ha of land in which 5.7 ha is residential land and 193 ha of agricultural land and the balance is public land. 180 households in Binh Din province and 915 households in Gia Lai province would be affected by land acquisition in which 91 households will have to be relocated. Resettlement Plans have been prepared for Binh Dinh and Gia Lai provinces. A budget at 305 billions VND (approximately14 millions USD) have been estimated to pay for compensations and support to the affected households as detailed in Table 1 below. 2 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Table 1 - Budget for Compensation and Supports to Affected Households Amount (VND) Items Gia Lai province Binh Dinh Province Compensation for Land 119,446,834,596 114,774,602,400 (including 2% transaction costs) Agricultural land 34,919,334,800 3,426,120,000 Residential land 82,185,405,000 109,098,000,000 Compensation for structures 16,582,950,000 380,000,000 Compensation for crops and trees 290,940,000 865,530,000 Rice, crops 241,940,000 856,530,000 Crops temporarily affected 49,000,000 9,000,000 Support 9,256,254,400 64,200,000 Support in training, job change and 7,659,054,400 6,852,240,000 job search Livelihood Stabilization 1,267,200,000 6,000,000 Transportation 235,000,000 50,000,000 Support for vulnerable groups 95,000,000 5,000,000 Total (including transaction costs, management costs, independent 165,020,370,433 139,614,243,833 monitoring, management costs and 10% contingency) - There are safety risks related to some unexploded objects (UXO) may be left at the Project sites from the war. To manage this risks, the Project include a budget at around 6.6 billions VND (or approximately 300,000 USD equivalent) for mine clearance which will be carried out prior to construction commencement; - Common construction impacts, including dust, exhaust emissions, noise, vibration; wastewater and solid waste generation; degradation of surface water quality, increased erosion and landslides risks; obstruction or interruption to agricultural production activities; cutting trees and removal of vegetation covers; disturbance to traffic and increased traffic safety risks; community and social disturbance; damages/degradation of existing infrastructure and related services such as roads, power supply, irrigation etc.; increased bush fires risks; increased localised flooding risks; health and safety issues of the public and the works. These common construction impacts would be manageable by the mitigation measures to be implemented by the Contractors as part of construction practice. Examples of such mitigation measures are watering the road, covering material and waste loads on the trucks, arranging for the collection and transportation of the wastes to disposal sites as soon as possible, minimising the volume of materials temporarily loaded at construction sites, tidying up construction sites daily, minimizing disturbed areas, arranging camps with adequate sanitation facilities for the workers, scheduling construction to avoid sensitive hours, providing temporary access to disturbed households etc. These mitigation measures were proposed in the form of Environmental Codes of Practices for convenience inclusion into construction bidding documents and contracts. - Some type-and site-specific impacts and risks: during construction phase and corresponding mitigation measures were also have been identified. For example, 3 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment bentonite generated at bridge construction sites will be collected and disposed off at approved disposal sites in order to minimise the potential impacts on river water quality and related aquatic living organisms, provision of alternative access to communities living along the two new bypasses affected with land use fragmentation effects, use pre- casted boxed drains at sections passing schools or other public buildings in order to minimise construction period. Approximately 50 billions VND (or 2 millions USD) have been budgeted for repair, rebuild and/or relocation of infrastructures affected by construction such as existing local roads and bridges, canals and power poles. - The key potential impacts and risks during operation phase are the increased traffic safety risks for communities living along the new bypasses, particularly at the four junctions with the existing NH19. The two new bypasses will also permanently separate the existing land use along the route into two parts, as the designed road elevation at some sections would be up to 4-6 m lower or 5-7m higher than the existing ground level. Such elevated or lower ground due to road construction would disrupt accessibility of communities, although mostly sparsely distributed, from one side to the other side of the bypasses, and alternate existing local drainage patterns. There will also be land slide and soil subsident risks at slopes created along the two new bypasses. These issues have been considered at feasibility stage, and mitigation measures such as underpass or access roads (with traffic safety control measures and drainage included) will be designed and built in order to maintain accessibility for local communities. Engineering design also includes slop stabilization with embankments or bio-engineering frames to prevent land slide risks at risky locations during operation phase of the road. Beginning point- Pleiku bypass (Option 2) Ending point- An Khe Bypass Figure 2 -Design of Intersections with Measures to Ensure Traffic Safety 5. Social and Environmental Management Plan Based on the mitigation measures proposed, an Environmental and Social Management Plan has been prepared for the project. The main responsibilities of the key stakeholders have been identified and summarized in Table 2 below. Table 2 -Environmental and Social Roles and Responsibilities 4 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Stakeholders Responsibility Overall responsible for environmental and social safeguard implementation Ministry of and compliance monitoring Transport (MOT) Ensure that adequate resources are allocated for safeguard implementation and management Traffic safety Project Responsible for monitoring and supervision to ensure that the Project comply Management Unit with the World Bank Safeguard Policies and Vietnamese legislations: (TSPMU) - Ensure that the mitigation measures proposed in the ESIA are adequately incorporated into relevant project documents such as engineering design, cost estimations, bidding and contractual documents - Communicate and coordinate with relevant authorities at central and local levels, with independent monitoring consultants to facilitate public consultation, implementation of mitigation measures and voluntary monitoring - Coordinate with the Construction supervisors to carry out due diligence review of additional sites such as borrow pits and quarries as and when required - Monitor and report on the implementation of RAPs, ESIA/ESMP and EMDPs Design consultant Incorporate mitigation measures in to engineering design, cost estimates, bidding documents and construction contract, Construction - Provide training for contractor‟s workers on environment, occupational Supervision safety, HIV/Aids training; Provide training on traffic safety for the Consultant communities along the two bypasses and around the new junctions between (Engineer) the bypasses and the existing NH19 - Review relevant project documents including ESIA, ESMP, engineering design to ensure that the mitigation measures are properly incorporated; Review and recommend for approval of Site- specific ESMP - Arrange for environmental quality monitoring and report preparation for submission to relevant government authorities - Monitor and supervise the Contractors to ensure compliance with ESIA/ESMP - Direct the Contractors to carry out corrective measures when excessive pollution or any non-compliant is detected - Carry out due diligence review of additional sites such as borrow pits and quarries as and when required Independent - provide training to relevant project stakeholders, particularly TSPMU staff Monitoring and Construction supervision engineers on project environmental Consultant management system - Carry out random compliance monitoring and prepare reports. Contractors - Prepare site specific ESMP - Implement mitigation measures in accordance with contract terms and conditions Affected - Carry out voluntary environmental monitoring according to Decree Communities 19/2015/ND-CP, in order to: - Cooperate with and Ward/Commune PC in ll activities related to land acquisition, compensation, support and resettlement; Provincial People’s - Ensure that compensation resettlement and livelihoods restoration of Committee (PPC) affected households is implemented and monitored in accordance with RAP. Provincial Project - Ensure the required budget for RAP implementation is timely and Management Unit sufficiently allocated for planned compensation payment/resettlement – as 5 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Stakeholders Responsibility (PPMU) described in the RAP. - Prepare quarterly progress reports and submit to the WB; - Conduct training and work closely with DPCs and District Board for Compensation and Land Acquisition (DBCLA) in updating RAPs and submit to the Bank for review.. City/District - Prepare annual land use plan and submit to authorities for review and People’s Committee approval of changed land use plan. (C/DPC) - Settle complaints related to land acquisition, compensation, support and resettlement in the district within its jurisdiction. - Approve compensation support and resettlement assessment to be carried out by the City/District BCLA City/District - Organise for compensation payment and provision of assistance to affected Compensation& people; Land Acquisition Board Ward/Commune PC - Cooperate with C/DBCLA in arranging compensation payment, resettlement and livelihood restoration implementation; The ESMP also included an environmental quality monitoring program, project compliance framework and described grievance redress mechanism. The total costs for ESMP implementation is summarised in the Table below. Table 3 - Estimated costs for ESMP Implementation Unit price Total amount No. Items Unit Quantity (VNĐ) (VNĐ) 1 Compensation and resettlement for affected households 362,000,000,000 2 UXO Clearance 6,567,032,960 Costs for repair/upgrading of existing local roads, bridges and 3 50,555,392,712 construction of access roads to construction sites Mitigation measures 4 As a part of construction contracts values implementation Environmental compliance 5 As a part of construction supervision contract value monitoring Environmental quality 1,402,870,752 6 monitoring (as part of construction supervision contract) Training on HIV /Aids for Sites 15 20,000,000 300,000,000 7 the workers (as part of construction supervision contract) Training on traffic safety for Lum sum 132,000,000 8 communities along the bypasses (as part of construction supervision contract) Independent monitoring, 635,000,000 including: Environmental supervision Trip 5 60,000,000 300,000,000 9 Social supervision Trip 5 60,000,000 275,000,000 Training on capacity Lum sum 60,000,000 60,000,000 building 6 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment INTRODUCTION 1.Project Origin The National Highway 19 (NH19) is 243 km long, existing cross sections are from 7 to 12 m wide. It passes Binh Dinh and Gia Lai provinces in which the section in Binh Dinh province is 67 km long and the section in Gia Lai is 176km long. The beginning point of NH19 is at the Quy Nhon Seaport and the ending point is at the Le Thanh Border Gate in Giai Lai province. NH 19 is a critical road connecting the provinces in the Central Highland with the Quy Nhon Port in Quy Nhon City of Binh Dinh Province. The Masterplan for Transport Development of the Central Key Economic Region to 2020 with direction toward 2030 and the revised Masterplan were approved by the Prime Minister at the decisions no. 07/2011/QĐ-TTg dated January 25, 2011 and no. 2054/QĐ-TTG dated November 25, 2015. These masterplans identified the Quy Nhon-Central Highland transportation corridor would be one of the five key transport routes of the region which connects Quy Nhon Seaport to the Central Highland provinces and the neigbouring countries, Laos, Cambodia and the North East of Thailand. The Quy Nhon-Central Highland corridor is planned to be based on the existing National Highway 19 (NH19). Over the past years, 101 km out of NH19‟s total 243 km has been upgraded and maintained but not syncronous. Noticeably, two road sections (Km17+027 - Km50 and Km90 - Km131+300) passing by some towns and townships along the route have been invested under a BOT project with design cross section of 11-12 m wide. However, there are still many narrow sections with widths of 6 to 7 m, road surface has been degraded thus affecting road safety and not meeting the economic development needs of Binh Dinh and Gia Lai provinces. Therefore, upgradation of NH19 according to the masterplan is necesary. The Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (NH19) has been proposed by the Government of Vietnam to the World Bank for financingby an IDA credit of US$150 million. The Project will finance the following components: Component 1 – Road Improvements (estimated cost of US$145m) Component 2 – Implementation Support (estimated cost of US$9.05m) 2. Technical and Legal Basis 2.1 Vietnamese Legal Documents - The Constitution 2013 of Viet Nam; - Vietnam Law on Environmental Protection No. 55/2014/QH13 dated 23/6/2014; The Environmental Protection Law (No. 55/2014 / QH13) dated June 23, 2014 and the Decree No. 18/2015 / ND-CP dated February 14, 2015 on environmental protection planning, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan are the important legal frameworks for environmental management in Vietnam. The Law on Environmental Protection (LEP) provides regulations on environmental protection activities, the measures and resources to be used for environmental protection purposes, the rights, duties and responsibilities of agencies, organizations, households and individuals in environmental protection. LEP is applicable to the state management agencies, public agencies, organizations, households and individuals within the territory of the Republic of socialist Vietnam, including the mainland and islands, sea and airspace. LEP also provides provisions on strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection commitments. 7 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment In addition, the Law also provides regulations for consultation, appraisal and approval of Environmental Protection Plan (Article 11, Chapter II) as well as a list of the entities that are subjected to prepare strategic environmental assessment in Appendix I and II of the Decree No. 18/2015/ND-CP dated February 14, 2015 by the Government. - The Law on Safety, Labor Sanitation No. 84/2015/QH13 dated June 25, 2015; - The Land Law No. 45/2013/QH13 dated November 29, 2013; - The Law on Culture Heritage No. 10/VBHN-VPQH dated on 23/7/2013; - The Law on Water Resources No. 17/2012/QH13 dated on 21/6/2012; - The Law on Biodiversity No. 20/2008/QH12 dated on 13/11/2008; - The Law on Road Transport No. 23/2008/QH12 dated 13/11/2008; - The Law on Complaints 02/2011/QH13 dated 11 November 2011; - The Law on Denouncement 03/2011/QH13 dated 11 November 2011; - Decree 18/2015/NĐ-CP dated 14/02/2015 provides regulations on environmental protection, strategic environment assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection committments; Article 13 of the Decree (No. 18/2015/ND-CP) explains the requirement of the pertaining ESIA agencies. Clause 1: the project owner or the advisory organization conducting ESIA must meet all requirements – (a) there are staff members in charge of ESIA meeting requirements prescribed in Clause 2 of this Article; (b) there is specialist staff members related to the project obtaining at least Bachelor„s degrees; and (c) there are laboratories, inspection and calibration devices eligible for performing measurement, sampling, processing and analysis of environmental samples serving the ESIA of the project; if there is not any laboratory with decent equipment for inspection and calibration, it is required to have a contract with a unit capable of carrying out inspection and calibration. Clause 2: the staff members in charge of ESIA must obtain at least Bachelor „s degrees and Certificate in ESIA consultancy and Clause 3: The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment shall manage the training and issuance of Certificates in consultancy of ESIA. - Decree No. 19/2015/NĐ-CP dated 14 February 2015 of the Government detailing the implementation of a number of articles of the law on environmental protection; - Decree 64/2016/NĐ-CP dated 01/7/2016 of the Government amends and provides additional provisions to the Decree No. 11/2010/NĐ-CP dated 24/02/2010 of the Government on road transport structures; - Decree No 39/2016/NĐ-CP dated 15/5/2016 of the Government provides detailed implementation guidelines to some articles of the Law on Safety, Labor Sanitation; - Decree No. 44/2016 / ND-CP dated 05/15/2016 provides detailed implementation guidelines to some articles of the Law on Safety, Labor Sanitation on technical labor testing, safety training, occupational health and labor environmental monitoring; - Decree No. 38/2015/NĐ-CP dated 24/4/2015 of the government on management of waste and discarded materials; - Decree No 43/2014/NĐ-CP dated 15/5/2014 of the Government provides detailed implementation guidelines to some articles of the Land Law; 8 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Decree No 47/2014/NĐ-CP dated 15/5/2014 of the Government on compensation, support and resettlement due to land acquisition by the State. - Decree No. 201/2013/NĐ-CP dated 27/11/2013 of the Government detailing some articles of Law on Water Resources. - Decree No. 05/2011/NĐ-CP dated 14/1/2011 on Ethnic Minority Work - Decree No. 98/2010/NĐ-CP dated 21/9/2010 of the Government detailing some articles of the revised Law on Culture Heritage and providing some additional articles of the Law; - Decree No. 65/2010/NĐ-CP dated 11/6/2010 of the Government provides detailed implementation guidelines for some articles of the Law on Biodiversity. - Decree No. 10/2010/NĐ-CP dated 24/2/2010 of the Government promulgates on management and protection ofo road transport structures; - Decree No. 96/2009/NĐ-CP dated 30/10/2009 of the Government on the handling of burried or sunk assets found in the mainland, islands, seas of Vietnam; - Decree No.44/2014/ND-CP dated 15 May 2014, provides the methodology for land pricing; adjustment to land price brackets, land price lists; specific land pricing and land price consultancy activities; - Decree No. 16/2016/ND-CP dated 16 March 2016, on management and use of official development assistance (ODA) and concessional loans of donors; - Decree No. 01/2017/ND-CP dated 6/1/2017 amending and supplementing a number of decrees detailing the implementation of Land Law; - Decree No. 75/2012/ND-CP of the Government dated 3 Oct 2012, specifies some of articles of the Complaint Law; - Decree No. 76/2012/ND-CP of the Government dated 3 Oct 2012, specifies some articles of the Denouncement Law; - Circular 27/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 29 May 2015 of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment detailing some articles of the Decree No. 18/2015/NĐ-CP dated 14/02/2015 on strategic environmental impact assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection committments; - Circular No. 70/2015/TT-BGTVT dated 09/11/2015 of the MInistry of Transport on technical safety testing and environmental protection for the road transportation vehicles. - Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 30/6/2015 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on hazardous waste management; - Circular No. 32/2015/TT-BGTVT dated 24/7/2015 of the Ministry of Transport on environmental protection in transport infrastructure development; - Circular No. 05/2014 / TT-MOLISA dated 06/03/2014 of the Ministry of Labour - Invalids and Social Affairs promulgating the list of machinery, equipment and supplies that are subjected to strict requirements on labor safety; - Circular No. 04/2014/TT-BLĐTBXH dated 12/02/2014 of the Ministry of Labour - Invalids and Social Affairs providing guidelines on labor protection equipment policies; - Circular No. 27/2013/TT-BLĐTBXH dated 18/10/2013 2014 of the Ministry of Labour - Invalids and Social Affairs promulgating on labor safety training, labor sanitation; - Circular No. 10/2013/TT-BLĐTBXH dated 10/6/2013 2014 of the Ministry of Labour - Invalids and Social Affairsissuing list of jobs and work places that prohibitminors working; 9 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Circular No. 28/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 01/8/2011 of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on regulating technical procedures on environmental monitoring of ambient air and noise; - Circular No. 29/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 01/8/2011 of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment regulating the technical procedures on inland surface water monitoring; - Circular No. 30/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 01/8/2011 of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment regulating the technical procedure on groundwater monitoring; - Circular No 33/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 01/08/2011 promulgating technical procedure for soil environment monitoring; - Circular No. 22/2010/TT-BXD dated 03/12/2010 of Ministry of construction providing labor safety in construction; - Circular No. 37/2014/TT-BTNMT dated 30 June 2014, regulating compensation, assistance and resettlement when the State acquires land; - Circular No. 30/2014/TT-BTNMT date 2 June 2014 regulations on allocation of land records, lease and transfer of land use, land acquisition. - Decision No.63/2015/QĐ-TTg dated 10 December 2015, on the assistance policies for employment and vocational training to labors (households) whose land are acquired by the State; - Decision No. 1956/2009/QD-TTg, dated 17 November 2009, by the Prime Minister approving the Master Plan on vocational training for rural laborer by 2020; - Others relevant legal documents issued by the People‟s Committees of Binh Dinh and Gia Lai which are currently active. - Technical standards of relevance: - QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT–National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality; - QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT– National Technical Regulation on Hazardous Substances in Ambient Air - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on Noise; - QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation on Vibration; - QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT– National Technical Regulation on Surface Water Quality; - QCVN 09-MT 2015/BTNMT– National Technical Regulation on Ground water Quality; - QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation on Domestic Wastewater; - QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation on Industrial Wastewater; - QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNTM - National Technical Regulations on the Allowable Limits of Heavy Metals in the Soils; - QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT – National Technical Regulations on the Allowable Limits of Hazadous Waste - Legal document: The Decision No. 822/QĐ-BGTVT dated 18/3/2016 by the Ministry of Transport allows the Project Management Unit for Traffic Safety to prepare an investment proposal for the Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project, financed by the World Bank. 2.2 The World Bank’s Safeguards Policies and Guidelines The Social and Environmental Safeguards Policies are triggered for the Project as follows: OP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment 10 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment OP4.11 – Physical Cultureal Resources OP4.10 – Indigenous People OP4.12 – Involuntary Resettlement OP/BP 4.011- Environmental Assessment This policy requires that the social and environmental impacts and risks are screened from the early stage of Project preparation, Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) is carried out and Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is prepared, in order to propose appropriate mitigation measures and management plan to minimize the negative adverse impacts during the Project implementation. TheOP/BP 4.01 also requires that the affected communities are consulted during the preparation of the ESIA/ESMP. The ESIA/ESMP reports have to be disclosed locally for public access prior to project appraisal. The Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Projecthas been classified as Environmental Category B by the World Bank,i.e. most of the potential impacts are at moderate level and manageable. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) which includes an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) has beenpreparedto meet OP4.01 requirements. OP/BP 4.102-Indigenous People The Bank‟s OP4.10 objective is to ensure that indigenous peoples do not suffer adverse effects from Bank financed projects and that they receive culturally compatible social and economic benefits. Effectively the World Bank requires a project to develop a program for addressing issues based on the informed participation of the indigenous people themselves. Any project that affects indigenous peoples is expected to include components or provisions that incorporate an Indigenous People Plan. There are ethnic minority peoples present in the project area in Gia Lai province. Therefore, an Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP) has been developed by TSPMU for implementation. OP/BP 4.113-Physical Cultural Resources The objective of this policy is to assist in preserving physical cultural resources (PCR) and avoiding their destruction or damage. PCR includes archaeological, paleontological, architecturally significant, and religious sites including graveyards, burial sites, and sites of unique natural and landscape values.The road by-passesnear cemetaries, including that of the Gia Lai ethnic minority people. In addition, the Project will excavate soils in a large scale thus might find archaeological objects during construction stage. Therefore the PCR impact assessment and the responding mitigation measures will be integrated in the environmental management plan. A Chance Find Procedure will also be proposed in the Project‟s ESMP. OP/BP 4.124-Involuntary Resettlement 1 The complete description of the OP/BP 4.01 is available at http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/ PROJECTS/EXTPOLICIES/EXTSAFEPOL/0,,contentMDK:20543912~menuPK:1286357~pagePK:64168445~ piPK:64168309~theSitePK:584435,00.html 2 The complete description of the OP/BP 4.10 is available at http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/ PROJECTS/ EXTPOLICIES/ EXTSAFEPOL/0,,contentMDK:20543990~menuPK:1286666~page PK:64168445~piPK: 64168309~theSitePK:584435,00.html 3 OP/BP 4.11 is accessible at http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTPOLICIES/ EXTSAFEPOL/0,,contentMDK:20543961~menuPK:1286639~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:5 84435,00.html 11 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment The policy aims to avoid involuntary resettlement to the extent possible, or to minimize and mitigate its adverse social and economic impacts. The policy proposes a livelihood restoration program to ensure the affected households will restore their livelihood to the project living standards, or even improved. The project will have to acquire residential land and agriculture land of the local people and relocate some affected households. Therefore, two Resettlement Action Plans – one for Gia Lai and one for Binh Dinh province were prepared in accordance with Bank‟s OP 4.12 prior to project appraisal for implementation. The Project will also follow the World Bank Guidelines on Environment, Health and Safety5. 2.3 ESIA Review and Approval Authorities ESIA will be appraised and aprroved by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. This ESIA will also be submitted to the World Bank for review, comments and clearance . 3. Related Projects and Plans 3.1 Related Plans a. The Masterplan and Adjusted Masterplan for Vietnam Road Transport Development to 2020 and oriented towards 2030 The Masterplan for Vietnam Road Transport Development to 2020 with orientation towards 2030 was approved by the Prime Minster at the Decision No. 1327/QĐ-TTg on24 August 2009 and the Adjusted Masterplan was approved at the decision No. 356/QĐ-TTg by the Prime Minister on 25 February 2013. The Masterplan covers the complete construction and upgradation of national highways, expressways, roads along the coast and frontieres, provincial roads, urban and rural road systems. Under this Masterplan, the NH19 has been planned to be upgraded to class III with 2 vehicle lanes. CHCIP has been proposed in accordance with these two masterplans. b. Gia Lai Province’s MasterPlan for Transportation Network Development to 2020 This masterplan was approved at the decision no. 39/2011/QĐ-UBND by the Gia Lai‟s People Committee on 28/12/2011on road way, railway and airway planning in which the NH19would meet the standard for class III road (delta and mountain road) and will be bypassing the city. The proposals are in line with this masterplan. c. Revised Master Plan of Pleiku City to 2020 The City Masterplan was approved by Gia Lai PPC at the Decision No. 104/2005/QĐ -UB dated 15/8/2005. This City masterplan includes a new section of NH19 which bypassing Pleiku City to the east (Figure 0-2) in accordance with the city‟s landuse plan. The Project designs the NH19 Pleiku City bypass in accordance with the approved planning. 4OP/BP 4.12 is available at http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTPOLICIES/ EXTSAFEPOL/0,,contentMDK:20543978~menuPK:1286647~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:5 84435,00.html 5 accessible at http://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/ ifc+sustainability/our+approach/risk+management/ehsguidelines 12 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Figure 3 - Pleiku City Bypass d. Masterplan of An Khe Town to 2020 The An Khe Town‟s Materplan was approved by the Binh Dinh PPC at the Decison No. 05/2007/QĐ-UBND dated 16/01/2007. According to this Masterplan, NH19 bypassing An Khe town, running in the North. (Figure 3).The An Khe bypass was proposed under the Project in accordance with the approved masterplan of An Khe town. Figure 4 - An Khe Town Bypass 3.2 Related Projects a. The Build - Operate - Transfer Project (The BOT Project) for Upgrading two sections of NH19:Km17+027 to Km50 in Binh Dinh Province and Km108 to Km131+300 in Gia Lai Province . The BOTProjectwas started in 2013 and completed in 2015. The Project upgraded56.27km of NH19in which 32.97km isin Binh Dinh Province and 23.3 km is in Gia Lai province.These two sections are located in betweenothersections which would be covered under the CHCIP. The starting point of CHCIPis the ending point of the first section of the BOT Project, at Km 50 in Binh Dinh province. In Gia Lai Province, second section of the BOT Project is located in between the road sections to be financedby CHCIP. 13 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment b. The BOT Additional Financing to upgrade the road section from Km 90 to Km108 The additional financing cover the upgradation of18km of NH19 and expansion of5 bridges along the route. The AF EIA was approved at the Decision No.3391/QĐ-BGTVT dated on 31/10/2016 by the Minstry of Transport. By early 2017 the construction under the Project (starting at Km 90) has not been started. 4. ESIA Implementation Arrangements The Project Owner, the Traffic Safety Project Management Unit (TSPMU) has contracted the Institute of Transport Science and Technology to conduct Environmental and Social Impact Assessment during the Project preparation. The ESIA team comprises of the following members: Table 4 - List of ESIA Team Members No Name Background ESIA Involvement Consultants 1 Phan Thị Minh Hoa MSc. Environmental ESIA Manager, conduct field survey and Science write chapter 1, 3 & 4. 2 Nguyễn Thị Ngà MSc. Economics Secretary – provide suport and participate in the write up of chapter 2 and 5. 3 Nguyễn Thị Minh Hiền MSc. Environmental Environmental Team Leader, conduct field Science survey and write chapter 2, 3 & 4. 4 Phạm Thị Ngọc Thúy BSc. Environmental Team leader for the social team – conduct Science field survey, public consultation and write opening chapter & 2,3 & 4. 5 Phạm Tiến Sỹ MS. Environmental Conduct field survey, public consultation Science and write 5. 6 Phạm Thị Trà MSc. Biochem Be responsible for environmental Engineering monitoring, sampling, analysis and data processing . Write chapter 2. 7 Trần Văn Toản MS. Environmental Participate in field survey, public Science consultation, environmental sampling and monitoring 8 Nguyễn Thị Mến BSc Environmental Participate in field survey, public Engineering consultation and write chapter 6. 9 Phạm Thị Trà Như BSc. Biotechnology Participate in field survey, public consultation, environmental sampling, monitoring and analysis. 10 Đinh Trọng Khang MS. Environmental Participate in field survey, public Science consultation. PMU 1 Lê Thắng Deputy Director – ESIA Lead 2 Nguyễn Ngọc Tân Receive and review 3 Lê Anh Tuấn Road, Bridge Conduct Public Consultation Construction 4 Lê Văn Mạnh Road, Bridge Conduct Public Consultation Construction 14 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 5. Methodologies 5.1 ESIA Methodologies Rapid Assessment Method:The Rapid Assessment Method was issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1993. The basis of this method is nature of materials, technologies and rules of natural processes as well as experiences in rating pollution load. In Vietnam, this method has been introduced and applied in many ESIA studies, performing the relatively accurate calculation of the pollution load in the context of limited measurement and analysis instruments. In this report, the pollution load coefficients are taken under the EIA guidelines of the World Bank (Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume II, Sectoral Guidelines, Environment, World Bank, Washington D.C 8/1991) and Handbook of Emission, Non- Industrial and Industrial source, Netherlands). Listing method: This method is used to identify impacts according to each activitiy. The use of this method is reflected in Chapter 3. Matrix Method: The method is used in chapter 3 of this report. The impact matrix presents the correlations between impacts of each project activity and the issues and environmental compartments. Base on the matrix, the detailed impact contents are studied to assess level of impacts to the environment during construction period. Modeling method: The modeling methods used in chapter 3, including: Gauss and Sutton numerical modeling to project the emission dispersion of TSP, PM10, SO2, CO, NO2; Noise pollution depletion model by the US Federal Highway Association (FHWA); Noise depletion model for traffic flow during operational phase Public Consultation: This method is applied to collect information and finalize chapter 2,3,4 and 6. The application of the method includes: - This method is applied during the interview with local authorities‟ leaders and people at the project area to collect essential information for EISA/EIA of the project on social economic development. Particularly, the public consultation will introduce about project benefits and possible negative impacts on environment and their life. Whereby, summarize feedbacks and expectations of local people and the authority about the project. - Public consultation with local communities in the project area on ESIA are conducted through community meetings at the locality. Field Survey Method: Field survey is compulsory for ESIA/EIA to identify the status of the project area, relevant surrounding objects to select sampling position, survey of status of water supply, drainage and power supply and to conduct geographical and topographical surveys, collecting of meteorology-hydrology information. These survey results will be used for assessment of natural conditions of the project area. Expert-comparison-statistical method: Expert method: is applied throughout the process from the outlining stage, research scoping, identifying environmental problems, surveying natural, ecological conditions, and proposing mitigation measures and developing environmental monitoring program. Comparision method:is used to assess the current situation and impacts based on the comparision between the measured results to the national or international acceptable limits and standards. 15 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Statistical method: is used during data processing on natural conditions, hydrometeorological conditions and socio-economical data of Binh Dinh and Gia Lai provinces. Environmental Quality Sampling:is used to collect and analyze samples of wastewater, surface water, groundwater, ambient air, noise and vibration, soils and sediments. Environmental monitoring is conducted in accordance with Vietnamese regulations to assess current environmental situation. The results is used in chapter 2 providing information on quality of the environmental compartments and detailed information is provided in the Annex. Data Collection, Analysis and Processing Method: This method is used to identify and assess the natural and socioeconomic conditions in the project area through the data and information collected from various sources such as statistical yearbooks, socioeconomic reports, environmental baseline in the region and the relevant research. Making use of data in the existing reports is necessary as it provides the available data and help identify limitations. 5.2. Social Assessment Methods Different methods were employed to conduct social assessment, screening of ethnic minorities, and estimation of magnitude of project impact, to prepare resettlement action plans for Gia Lai and Binh Dinh province, and the EMDP for Gia Lai. The social assessment was conducted using the following techniques: household survey (socioeconomic survey), focus groups discussions, and key informant interviews. In addition, community meetings and key informant interviews were used for conducting consultation with local community. Mixed methods. Qualitative and quantitative techniques are combined to enhance the reliability and the validity of the SES. Quantitative techniques are used for socioeconomic survey on affected households using questionnaire to collect households‟ socioeconomic information whereas qualitative techniques are used in focus group discussion, key informant interview, community meetings to obtain in-depth understanding of issues that could not be well captured from structured household survey. Field observation was also conducted throughout the field work. The field work was started from 18-26August 2016, 17-25 December 2016 for household survey exercise, focus group discussion, and key informant interview. Sample size and sampling. Socioeconomic information that are used to prepare two RAPs (for Gia Lai and Binh Dinh provinces) and the EMDP for Gia Lai were collected on sampling basis. In Gia Lai, a sample of 218 households was taken (from the affected population of 915 households, accounting for 23.8%). In Binh Dinh, a sample of 137 households were collected (from the total affected households of 188). Stratified sampling was adopted to enhance the representativeness of each type of impact. Priority is given to those who are poor and/or vulnerable, particularly to the severely affected and vulnerable groups, including those who a) are affected with more than 20% of agriculture land, b) relocate their house, and c) face cumulative impact (i.e. loss of houses, physical relocation, and loss of businesses…), and those who are from ethnic minorities. Data analysis. Quantitative data collected from the household survey were analysed using Microsoft Excel. Qualitative data obtained from consultation sessions (public meetings, focus group discussion, informant interview, etc.,) were also analysed, by themes. Both method and data source triangulation are employed to ensuring validity and reliability/trustworthiness of the findings. Consultation Techniques. Various methods and techniques should be used to conduct information disclosure, consultation with and participation of affected peoples, including a) community meetings, b) household survey, c) focus group discussion, leaflet delivery, field 16 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment observation and key informant interview. Using various methods and techniques aims to enhance the reliability and validity of the feedback from the project different stakeholders, particularly the affected people and to ensure that (i) affected people receive fully project information; (ii) all affected people are involved in process of free, prior and informed consultation during preparation and implementation of the subproject. Severely and vulnerably affected group should be fully engaged in process of information disclosure, public consultation and participation. Meaningful consultation with this group should be conducted throughout the project cycle and their concerns should be integrated in the subproject design. Consultation with Affected EM peoples. There are an estimated 60 ethnic minority households - belonging to five EM groups, including Bahnar, Jarai, Nung, Thai, and Muong, that are potentially affected as a result of the subproject in Gia Lai province. Representatives of these groups have been invited to participate in a free, prior and informed consultation process during the RAP preparation to ensure they are consulted in accordance Bank‟s OP 4.10 and their meaningful feedbacks are collected to inform the design of RAP and EMDP for Gia Lai, the technical design of project road, as well as measures to avoid/mitigate the potential adverse impact. 17 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment CHAPTER I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1.1. Background Information Project name: Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Project Owner: Traffic Safety Project Management Unit (TSPMU) Represented by: Mr. Nguyễn Hữu Long - Position: General Director; Address: No.2 Nguyen Cong Hoan Street, Ba Đinh, Ha Noi; Telephone: (84.4) 39429280; Fax: (84.4) 39427591. The Project‟s development objective is to improve safe and climate-resilient road connectivity along the National Highway 19 Central Highlands-Central Coast corridor in Vietnam. 1.2. Project Area The National Highway 19 (NH19) has a total length of 243 km, of which the road section from Km0 to Km67 runs through Binh Dinh province and the road section from Km67 to Km243 runs through Gia Lai province. This Project will upgrade and expand 110km of the existing road and construct 2 new road sections bypassing An Khe Town, Dak Doa District Town and Pleiku City. These sections run through districts and communes presented in Table 5. The road alignment is illustrated by a map in Figure 5. Table 5 –Communes/Wards along NH19 Sections under CHCIP Road section Province District Commune/Ward/District Town Km50-Km67 Binh Đinh Tay Sơn Tay Giang, Tay Thuan Km67-Km76 An Khe Provincial Song An and Ngo May Town Song An, Ngo Mây, An Phuoc, An An Khe Bypass Binh and Thanh An Đak Pơ Cu An Km82+200-Km90 Cu An and Tan An Mang Yang Kon Dong and Đak Djăng, Km131+300-Km152+500 Gia Lai Đak Đoa Tan Binh, K‟Dang and Đak Đoa Km155-Km160 Pleiku City An Phu and Chư A Tan Binh, K‟Dang, Glar, ADơk and Ia Đak Đoa Pleiku Bypass Bang, An Phu and ChưH‟ Drong Pleiku City Gao Chu Prong Binh Giao, Bau Can, Thang Hung Km180-Km241 Ia Nan, Chu Ty, Ia Pnon, Ia Krieng, Ia Duc Co Kla, Ia Krel, Ia Dom and Ia Din 18 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project KBTTN Kon Chư Răng Figure 5. National Highway 19 Alignment 19 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 1.3. Scope of Investment The Project will finance the following components: Component 1 – Road Improvements (estimated cost of US$145m including contingencies) This component will support the physical improvement of three sections of NH19 including pavement rehabilitation, widening of the road with paved shoulders, widening of lanes and features for the safe sharing of the road by users, including through the addition of dedicated motorcycle lanes, and reinforcement of slopes, to improve road connectivity, safety and to ensure sustainability of road assets.The total length of these sections is approximately 130 km (out of a total length of 234km of NH19). The Project finance the construction of 26.9 km of two new urban bypasses. As the proposed 130m section for financing contains sections which are highly prone to landslides and potential natural disasters, a targeted intervention on these sections contributes to the overall connectivity, resilience and safety along the entire corridor. Component 2 – Implementation Support (estimated cost of US$9.05m) (a) The preparation of the detailed design for the sections of the roads, bridges and bypass to be improved, as well as the supervision of the works, and the monitoring of the safeguards aspects, all of key importance given the particular climatic environment, with its variability and extreme weather events, which makes Vietnam infrastructure highly susceptible to climate impacts. (b) Road safety activities supported by technical assistance: (i) Conduct a Road Safety Audit (RSA) on. (ii) Assess impacts of motorcycle lanes in Vietnam and update the draft manual for motorcycle lane design and specifications with incorporation of international best practices (iii) Strengthen the institutional capacity for managing road safety and physical works to improve road safety measures of the road network (c) Climate resilient activities supported by technical assistance through a grant from the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GDFRR) grants to: (i) Support the identification of suitable climate resilience measures to reduce the impact of landslides on NH19. Specifically, this sub-component will aim at strengthening the road specific detailed designs as key climate-related bottlenecks were identified along the NH19. The work under this activity will provide design recommendations that support the prioritization of climate resilience-enhancement measures (including “grey”, “green” and “soft” solutions, or a combination of them) for detailed road design at the hotspots or bottlenecks identified. (ii) Review current technical standards, guidelines and planning tools for the road sector vis a vis climate change adaptation and disaster risk management with a view to strengthening the understanding of the possible effects of global climate change on road infrastructure and network. Brief description of existing roads and proposed investments are provided in Table 6. 20 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Table 6 - Existing Road Parameters and Proposed Investments Section Current Status Proposed Investments Cross Section Design Alignment Km50 –59; B road surface = 7m and B road Widening the road to: base = 10m. B road surface = 11m and L=9km, ground elevation at the B road base = 12m starting point is 26m and for road sections not passing at the ending point is 69m. residential areas. Broad surface = 13m and Broad base =15m. for road sections passing residential areas at: Road section running through residential Km51+200-Km52+100; area Km53+100-Km54+700; Km56+900-Km58+100 - Install vertical and horizontal drainage systems Two bridges along the Reconstruction of 2 bridges alignment: B= 12m: - Bau Sen bridge at - Bau Sen bridge, 1 span 1x12m Typical road section Km50+578, L= 9m, B= - Ba La bridge, 3 spans x33m 9,2 m, 1 span; - Ba La bridge at Km 51+ 152; L= 87,5m, B= 9.2m, 7 spans. Km59 – 67; B =7m. - Widen the road to B =8m The route goes through An - Install drainage system. L=8km Khe Pass Area with high - Buil new emergency exist mountains and abysses. - Cut curve to increase radius of curve road sections. Cross section of the new bridge pier - Stabilize slopes along the right side of the road. 21 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Section Current Status Proposed Investments Cross Section Design Alignment Km67 -76; B road surface = 7m - Road widening: L=9km, B road base = 10m. B road surface = 11m B road base = 12m for sections not passing residential areas; Broad surface = 13m Broad base =15m for sections passing residential areas at Km74+500- Km760. - Install vertical and horizontal Typical abutment‟s cross section of new drainage systems bridges. Km76 – This goes through An Khe Rehabilitate road surface layer Km82+200 town. L = 6.2km B road surface = 7m B road base = 24m. Km82+200 - B road surface = 7m, - Road widening: Km90 B road base = 10m. B road surface = 11m and B road base = 12m for sections not L = 7.8 km. passing residential areas. Broad surface = 13m and Broad base =15m for sections passing Km82+200-Km90 residential areas at: Km82+300- Km85, Km87+500-Km88+200 - Install and drainage 2 bridges on this section: Reconstruction of 2 bridges with - Ta Ly bridge at Km83+ B= 12m: 894, L= 20m, B = 9m, 2 - Ta Ly bridge, 1 span x24m spans; - Thau Dau bridge, 2 spans x24m - Thau Dau bridge at Km87 +390,L= 34.5m, B= 9m, 2 spans Km131+300- L= 23.7km - Re-surfacing the sections 22 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Section Current Status Proposed Investments Cross Section Design Alignment Km155 Broad bed=10m, crossing Kon Dong town (L= Cross section of the bridge abutment Broad surface = 7m. 2,5km) and Dak Doa town (L=2.5km), construct and install Ground elevation at the vertical and horizontal drainages; starting point and at the - Expand the road ending point of the section Broad surface = 11m, is 710m and 740m, Broad base = 12m respectively. for the following sections passing residential area: Km136+400- Km136+800; Km138+600- Km139+100; Km139+900- Typical cross section of the vertical Km141+500; Km145- drainage ditch Km145+600; Km147+500- Km148+600 - Expand Km150-Km152 - Broad base = 15m - Broad surface = 13m. The elevation of new road surface is 20-27cm higher than that of the existing road. 3 existing bridges on the Construct 3 new bridges with B = road section, including: 12m: Typical Cross section of the vertical - Linh Nham bridge at - Linh Nham bridge, 2 spans of drainage ditch running through residential Km136+308, L = 36m, B= 24m long each area 9,5m, 3 spans; - Vang bridge , 1 span with length - Vang bridge at of 24m Km144+400, L= 12m, B= - Le Can bridge, 1 span with 9m, 1 span length of 24m - Le Can bridge at Km149 +045, L= 11m, B= 9.1m, 1 span 23 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Section Current Status Proposed Investments Cross Section Design Alignment Km155- Broad surface=7m, Widen the road with Km160 Broad base = 10m Broad surface = 16m Broad base= 21m L = 5km Ground elevation of the install vertical and horizontal starting point is 710m and drainages. of the ending point is Ground elevation of new road 720m. surface is 20-27cm higher than The An My bridge at that of the existing road. Km156+570 has L= 24m, B = 9m, 1 span. Reconstruction of An My bridge with B = 12m and 1 span of 33m Cross section of the new bridge pier long Km180- Broad surface = 7m - - Resurface the asphalt Km241 B road base = 10m, concrete for the section passing Chu Ty district The ground elevation of town (L = 3.5km), L = 61km the starting point is 890m Widen the road and of the ending point is Broad surface = 11m and Broadbase= 230m. 12m install vertical and horizontal There are 4 bridges at this drainages. Cross section of the new bridge abutment section: Tan Lac The elevation of new road surface Road section Km180-Km218 (Km199+790, L = 20m, is 20-27cm higher than that of the B= 9m), Thanh Binh old road. (Km202+670, L = 33m, B = 9m) , Nuoc Pit (Km205 No investments in the 4 existing +500, L = 15m, B= 9m) bridges and Ia Lang (Km214+292, L= 33m, B= 9.2m) Road section Km218-Km241 24 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Section Current Status Proposed Investments Cross Section Design Alignment Construct a new city bypass Broad surface = 11m, B road base = 12m Construct culverts and drainages Construct 6 new bridges, B = 12m at the following locations: - Da Lat Stream, L= 33m, 1 Cross section of the road cuts An Khe Agriculture land with no span, at Km0+155.01; bypass road and bridge - Da Stream, L= 99m, 3 spans, at L = 13.7 km Km3+569.24; - Voi Stream, L= 33m, 1 span, at Km3+810; - Ba River, L= 99m, 3 spans at Km6+108.44; - Don Stream 1, L= 33m, 1 span at Km8+905.7; Cross section of the road fills - - Don Stream 2, L = 33m, 1 span at Km9+260 Construct new city bypass B road surface = 11m, Broad base = 12m. Construct horizontal culverts and vertical drainages. Pleiku City Agriculture land with no Construction of 2 new bridges Bypass road and bridge with B= 12m: Cross section of a typical bridge abutment L =13.2 km - An My 1 Bridge, L = 33m at Km7+900. - An My 2 Bridge with L= 99m, 3 spans at Km16+500 Cross section of the vertical drainage ditch 25 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 1.4 Machineries, Equipment and Workers to be mobilised It is expected that during the peak period, there will be 450 workers working for the project, specifically: - Road section between Km50 and Km67: 50 workers, - Road section between Km82+200 and Km90: 50 workers, - An Khe Bypass: about 80 workers, - Road section between Km132+500 and Km160: about 100 workers, - Pleiku Bypass: about 70 workers, - Road section between Km180 and Km241: about 100 workers. The construction contractors might hire about 150 local labors for simple construction activities. List of machineries used by the project is provided in Table 7. Table 7 - List of Machineries and Equipment No. Equipment/Machinery Quantity No. Equipment/Machinery Quantity 1 Compactor 1.5KW 10 19 Crane for placing precast 5 beams 2 Drilling machine ED, KH, 5 20 Steel cutting and bending 15 Soilmec machine 5KW 3 Stand still drilling machine 5 21 Pneumatic hammer 15 4,5KW 4 Air compressor Diezen 10 22 Diezen Air compressor 5 240m3/h 360m3/h 5 Crane truck 10T 2 23 Concrete mixer 80L 10 6 Welding machine 23KW 10 24 Concrete pump 9m3 10 7 Jacking machine 250T 5 25 Tire crane 16T 2 8 Water pump 20KW 10 26 Automatic concrete pump 4 50m3/h 9 Diesel Air compressor 10 27 Dump truck 10T 50 600m3/h 10 Jacking machine 500T 2 28 Watering truck 5m3 5 11 Chain hoists 3T 4 29 Tire roller 10 12 Crane 25T 5 30 Bulldozer 10 13 Electric hoist 5T 5 31 Scraper 10 14 Drilling machine TRC-15 1 32 Steel chain backhoe 2 1.6m3 15 Wire cutting machine 10kW 10 33 Tire backhoe 3 16 Wiring machine 15KW 10 34 Grader 5 17 Side compactor 10 35 Girder casting bed 10 18 Roller/Compactor 2.8KW 10 36 Concrete Paver BTN 5 1.5 Borrow Pits and Quarries The construction materials to be used in the Project will be purchased from existing licensed local sources. The locations of the borrow pits and the material transportation routes connecting to NH19 are presented in Table 8. 26 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Table 8 - Material Sources Transportation Route to Type Locations and Key Parameters NH19 - Hieu Ngoc quarry is in Phuc An village, Tay Xuan commune, Tay Son district, Binh Dinh province - Exploitation capacity: 40,000 m3/year. - Reserve: 680,600 m3 - Distance: 1.6 km to NH19. Rugged - Trang Đuc quarry is in H‟ra stone/grav and Đăk Ta Ley commune, el Mang Yang district, Gia Lai province. - Reserve: 539,954 m3, exploitation capacity: 60,000 m3/year, - Distance: near Km118+800 of NH19 - Gia Hải quarry is in Ngo May Ward, An Khe Provincial Town, Gia Lai Province. - Reserve capacity: 249,678 m3, exploitation capacity 20,000 m3/year -The quarry is adjacent to the Km74+800 of NH19 - Thang Long quarry is in Thong NHat Ward, Pleiku City, Gia Lai Province. - Reserve: 400.000m3, exploitation capacity 80,000m3/year - Transportation distance: 12km. - Tân Vĩnh Phát quarry is in Ia Dom commune, Duc Co District, Gia Lai Province. - Reserve: 350,000 m3, exploitation capacity 70.000 m3/year. - The quarry is adjacent to the Km238+600 of NH19 - Hieu Ngoc Sand pit is in Tay Xuan commune, Tay Son district, Binh Dinh province. - Reserve capacity 104,880 m3, Sand exploitation capacity 15.000 m3/year - Transportation distance: 500 m to Km 39+400 of NH19 27 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Transportation Route to Type Locations and Key Parameters NH19 - Trang Đức sand pit is in Ayun and Đăk Jo Ta communes, Mang Yang district, Gia Lai Province. - exploitation capacity: 15.000 m3/year. - Reserve: 104,880 m3. - Distance: 7 km on paved road to Km129 of NH19. - Hon Voi borrow pit is in Song An commune, An Khe. - Reserve capacity: 100,000 m3 - Distance: about 3 km to Km74+800 of NH19, and about 100m to Km 3 of An Khe bypass. - Coordinates: 13°59'21.08"N; 108°42'18.81"E - The borrow pit 76 is in Ha Bau commune, Dăk Doa district, Gia Lai province. - Reserve capacity: 100.000 m3 - Distance: about 13 km to Km153+700 of NH19. - Co-ordinates: 14° 3'20.87"N; 108° 4'6.62"E Borrow pits - The borrow pit is at Km191+500 in Thăng Hưng commune, Chư Prông district, Gia Lai. - Reserve capacity: 120,000m3 - Distance: on the right hand side, 1.8 km to NH19. - Co-ordinates: 13°51'20.80"N; 107°54'22.30"E. - The borrow pit is at Km239+500 in Ia Dom commune, Duc Co district, Gia Lai. - Reserve capacity: 120,000m3. - Distance: on the right hand side, 0.2 km to NH19. - Co-ordinates: 13°46'0.55"N; 107°32'11.88"E Other construction materials such as steel, cement, asphalt and cement concrete will be purchased from local suppliers and transported to construction sites. Hot asphalt will be purchased from local mixing stations or made available from the mixing stations installed by the contractor at the quarries. The estimated volume of raw materials to be used under the Project are shown in Table 9. Table 9 - Volume of Construction Materials 28 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Volume Quantity Travel Distance Road Section Materials (m3) (tons) (km) Excavated soils 679,467 978,432 15 Filling soils 104,971 151,158 15 Km50 - Km90 Macadam 108,234 190,492 15 Asphalt concrete 81,775 204,438 15 Excavated soils 152,428 219,496 10 Km131+500 - Filling soils 80,476 115,885 10 Km160 Macadam 59,399 104,542 10 Asphalt concrete 51,807 129,518 10 Excavated soils 340,398 490,173 12 Km180 - Filling soils 111,372 160,376 12 Km241 Macadam 169,312 297,989 12 Asphalt concrete 310,396 775,990 12 Excavated soils 307,453 442,732 5 Filling soils 284,972 410,360 5 An Khe Bypass Macadam 83,979 147,803 5 Asphalt concrete 1,054 2,635 5 Excavated soils 949,375 1,367,100 10 Pleiku Bypass Filling soils 880,637 1,268,117 10 Macadam 115,500 203,280 15 Asphalt concrete 1,720 4,300 15 Total 4,874,725 7,664,816 1.6 Disposal Sites Unused excavated soils will be disposed at locations as agreed with the local communities and authorities. These disposal sites along NH19 are described in Table 10 below. Table 10 -Proposed Disposal Sites Location General Information Transportation Route Km50+80 The site is about 50m 0 from Bau Sen bridge with the area of about 5,000m2. The site is at the elevation that is 1.5m below the current road‟s elevation. Total receiving capacity is estimated about 10,000m3. Km57+30 The site is adjacent to the 0 current NH19 with the area of about 2,000m2. The site is at the elevation that is 2m below the current road. Total receiving capacity is estimated about 5,000m3. 29 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Location General Information Transportation Route Km58+60 The site is adjacent to the 0 existing NH19 with its area of about 2,000m2 . The site is at the elevation that is 2m below the current road‟s elevation. Total holding capacity is receiving about 5,000m3. Km58+80 The site is adjacent to the 0 existing NH19 with its area of about 2,000m2 . The site is at the elevation that is 2m below the current road‟s elevation. Total receiving capacity is estimated about 5,000m3. Near The site is about 300m Km4+500 away from the Pleiku of the bypass with the area of Pleiku about 8,000m2. The site Bypass is at the elevation that is 2m below the current road‟s elevation. Total receiving holding capacity is estimated about 20,000m3. Km199+5 The site is about 50m 00 away from NH19 with the area of about 3,500m2. The site is at the elevation that is 2.5m below the elevation of the surrounding area. Total receving capacity is estimated about 10,000m3. Km230+6 The site is about 200m 50 away from NH19 with the area of about 7,000m2. The site is at the elevation that is 1.5m below the current road. Total receiving capacity is estimated about 15,000m3. 1.7 ANCILLARY FACILITIES 1.7.1 Worker Camps It is estimated that up to450 workers would be mobilised to work in the Project‟s construction sites at peak construction periods. About 150 local labors are expected to be mobilized locally for manual work who wouldgo homes after their working shifts. Table 11 provides some 30 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment information about the locations proposed by local communities and authorities for worker camps. Table 11 -Proposed Locations of Worker Camps Section Description Section Description Km56- Location 1 (Km56+800) Km132- Location 1 (Km147+700): Km67 The site is currently barren land, Km160 The site is currently barren land and near the alignment and is 20m from is 20m from the nearest houses . the nearest houses. The camp is expected to The proposed camp is expected to accommodate 40 workers. accommodate 30 worker) Location2: (Km67+600) Location 2 (Boi village- Glar The site is currently barren land and commune (at Km4+500 on Pleiku is 300 from the nearest houses to the bypass): alignment and the Song An Animal The site is near Km4+500 of the Quarantine Station proposed Pleiku bypass and is 30m The camp is expected to from the nearest houses. accommodate 20 workers. The proposed camp is expected to accommodate 60 workers. An Khe Location 1 (Junction between An Pleiku Location 1 (Boi village- Glar Bypass Khe Bypass and DT669): bypass commune (at Km4+500 on Pleiku The area is agriculture land and is bypass): 30m from the nearest houses to the The site is near Km4+500 of the propsed bypass and the provincial proposed Pleiku bypass and is 30m road 669 from the nearest houses. The camp is expected to The proposed camp is expected to accommodate 50 workers. accommodate 30 workers. 31 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Section Description Section Description Location 2 (At Km12 of An Khe Location 2 (Km183+100): bypass): The site is currently barren land, The area is agriculture land and is near and is within the residential 50m from the nearest houses to the area and 20m from the nearest propsed bypass. houses. The camp is expected to The camp is expected to accommodate 30 workers. accommodate 40 workers. Km67- Location 1 (Km67+600): Km180- Location 1 (Km183+100): Km90 The site is currently barren land and Km241 (the same location as location 2 of is 300m from the nearest houses to Pleiky bypass. The second camp is the alignment and the Song An expected to accommodate 20 Animal Quarantine Station workers. The camp is expected to accommodate 30 workers. Location 2 (Km223+100): The site is currently barren land, near NH19 and is within the residential area and 30m from the nearest houses. The camp is expected to accommodate 40 workers. Location 2 (At Km12 of An Khe Location 3 (Km231+700): bypass): The site is currently barren land, The area is agriculture land and is NH19 and in the residential area and 50m from the nearest houses to the is 50m from the nearest houses. The propsed bypass. camp is expected to accommodate The camp is expected to 40 workers. accommodate 20 workers. 32 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 1.7.2 Access Road The construction sites will be accessible from the existing NH19 and the internal roads in wards, communes and town where the alignment runs through. Except for An Khe bypass and Dak Doa-Pleiku bypass where no road is existed, the contractor will identify and design new access during construction phase. 1.7.3 Water and Power Supply As the national power grid is available in the localities, the contractor will purchase electricity from the local power utility. Water for domestic and construction will be from the project sites. 1.8. Construction Methods Road Construction: - Alignment: The proposed alignment follows the terrain and minimizes site clearance and land acquisition. - Construction of roadbase: The construction of road base follows different steps for the road cuts and fills. At the fill, the steps include: (i) Remove top soil, remove tree roots, waste and other materials; (ii) Strengthen weak soil foundation at each section; (iii) Re-fill and strengthen layers to achieve compaction density (K) of 0.95; (iv) Build road base. For deep excavation, the steps are as follows: (i) Use excavators to remove the top soil, waste and other materials; (ii) Use excavators, buldozers to excavate soil materials to the designed elevation; (iii) Rollers are used to compact the subgrade to the density of K=0.98. - Installation of the drainage system: Install horizontal culverts and vertical drainage ditches and construct the road base concurently (1) construct the foundation for culverts; (2) install the culverts; (3) construct culvert joints; (4) Fill soils on the sides and on top of the culverts into layers from 15 to 20cm thick and compact the soils to the required road base compaction degree (K=0.95). - Construction of road top: the new road surface will be constructed following the bottom up approach, including (1) 25cm thick macadam class II layer; (2) a 25cm macadam class I layer; (3) application of binder material ; (4) make a 7 cm thick of dense asphalt concrete for base layer); (5) application of binder material; (6) make a 5 cm thick of dense asphalt concrete of BTNC 12.. - Junctions between the NH19 and local roads: Smooth connection will be made to link the NH19 alignment to the local road connections. Bridge Construction: - Abutment construction : The construction steps include: Leveling and installation of equipment for bored pile drilling; Bored drilling, stabilizing the borehole with the borehole wall and clay mixture; cleaning of the borehole; placing the steel cage using a crane; pouring the concrete following the under water concretization method. Excavating soils for the abutment foundation to the designed depth; constructing a pile base; pouring and flatting the concrete base; placing the frame, steel foundation. Installscaffolding and steel cage for abutment wall, wingwall;pouring concrete, removing the falsework structuresand completing the abutment. - Above water abutment: (1) With regards to abutment with foundation on bored piles, the construction method includes the following steps: Leveling and installation of equipment for bored pile drilling; Bored drilling; stabilizing the borehole with the borehole wall and clay mixture; cleaning of the borehole; placing the steel cage using crane; pouring concrete 33 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment following the under water concretization method. Excavating soils for the abutment foundation to the designed depth; installing the steel shell; pouring concrete and flatting the concrete; placing the frame, reinforcing steel; filling soil materials to the top layer of the pier foundation. Placing falsework, steel structure for the pile‟s body and crosshead. Filling soil materials up to the natural ground level and completing the pile. (2) With regards to the piers that have foundationon reinforced concrete piles, the construction method includes the following steps: Site leveling and identifying the center point of the pier and the pile locations. Installing the pile driving machine and driving the piles to the design depth. Excavated soil for pier foot to the design depth; concretizing the bottom base, flatting the concrete base; placing the falsework, steel bars; pouring concrete; filling soils up to the pier‟s foot top. Installing falsework and steel structure for the pier‟s body and the pier crosshead. Pouring the concrete; removing the falsework. Filling soils up to the ground level and completing the abutment. - Underwater abutment: (1) Abutment with foundation on bored piles: Installing pile drilling machine on floating system or temporary platform. Bored drilling; stabilizing the borehole with the borehole wall and clay mixture; cleaning of the borehole; placing the steel cage using a crane; pouring the concrete following the under water concretization method. Installing a cofferdam for piles; pouring concrete to seal the bottom, pumping water out of the foot hole, treating the pile tips, pouring concreate for a platform to place falsework, steel bars, and concrete casting. Installing falsework, steel bar column, concrete pouring; removing the falsework. Washing out/cleaning riverbed and completing the abutment. (2) Abutment on reinforced concrete piles: identifying the center point of the abutment and the pile locations. Installing the equipment on a floating system or a platform; driving the piles to the designed depth; Constructing a cofferdam, excavating soils within the cofferdam; pouring concrete to seal the bottom; pumping water out; treating the pile tips; pouring concrete and flatting out the concrete; placing the falsework, steel bars for the abutment foundation; pouring the concrete. Installing falsework, and steel bar column; pouring concrete; removing the falsework. Cleaning the riverbed and completing abutment. - Superstructure construction: Preparing a beam fabrication site, mobilizing materials and machineries; Constructing falsework; Installing steel bars for beams and prestressed cable and falsework; Pouring concrete; Carrying beams to the construction site, placing them in identified location by cranes or specialized equipment; Constructing the deck slabs and concrete girders; Constructing the waterproof layer for the deck, surfacing the asphalt and completing the bridge construction. 1.9 Project Implementation Schedule Project Owner: The Ministry of Transport; Project Management: The Traffic Safety Project Management Unit; Total investment capital: VND3,463 billions which is equivalent to USD 153.7million The Project implementation schedule is presented in Table 12 below. Table 12 -Project Implementation Schedule 34 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment T Durati item T on 1 FS 3m 2 Detail Design 9m Detail Design 3 3m approval 4 Site clearance 9m 5 Bidding 6m 6 Construction 24m Payment and 7 6m warranty 35 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment CHAPTER 2. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 2.1. Environmental Conditions 2.1.1. Geographical Conditions National Highway 19 (NH19), runnning from east to west with a total length of 243 km, spans from the Quy Nhon Sea Port in Binh Dinh province to the Le Thanh Border Gate in Gia Lai province. NH19 is about 1,000 km from Hanoi to the north, and 600 km from Ho Chi Minh City to the south. This is the Southern corridor, part of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Transport Connection System linking Bangkok through the Northern part of Cambodia to Quy Nhon Seaport of Vietnam. The sections of NH19 proposed to be invested under the CHCIP starts at Km50 (at coordinates 13o56‟48.3”N and 108o51‟13.3”E) in Tay Giang commune of Tay Son district, Binh Dinh province and ends at Km241 at coordinates 13°45'56.98"N, 107°31'23.63"E) in Ia Dom commune (Duc Co district, Gia Lai Figure 6 - Geographical Location of NH19 province). Figure 6 illustrates the geographical location of NH19 and other connected national highways in the area: 2.1.2. Topographical Conditions The NH 19 runs from the East to the West, the terrain gradually transits from coastal delta to highlands. The topography along the road alignment varyas follows: Km 50-59 NH19 runs from east to west through a delta area. Ground elevation at Km50 is 26m. Horizontal curve radius is more than 250m. Km59-67 NH19 runs on An Khe Pass with mountainous terrain with deep pools. There are steep rocky and steep cliffs on one side and deep chasm on the other side. Along this section, the terrain gradually elevates. Horizontal curve radius is more than 50m. Terrain conditions allow a redirection at Rmin = 125m, there are 5 sharp curves with R <125m. Some locations are subjected to landslide risk 36 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Km 67-76 NH19 runs on flat highlands and low hills. Ground at altitudes vary from 495m amsl at Km67 to 424m amsl at Km76. There are some bridges and culverts crossing small stream. Along the road are orchard gardens, rice farms combined with residential area. Some locations have horizontal curve radius of 150m. Terrain conditions allow a redirection with Rmin = 250m. There are vertical stiff along some sections. Route across densely populated areas at Km69+319-Km69+600; Km73 -Km73+500; Km74+500 - Km760; There are vertical drain-ditch at Km75+500 - Km76 on the right hand side Km 76-82 The area is relative flat and lower toward the Ba river. There are populated residential areas laong the route. Km135+300-Km152 NH 19 follow Low hilly terrain with slops, there are some small springs crossing. Ground altitude along this section of NH 19 is 666m amsl (Km131) to 840m amsl (Km160). Along the route are farms of coffee, rubber and pine forest. Horizontal curve radius is more than 250 m. Selected route can be redirected. There are populated areas along Km139- Km141, Km146-Km148, Km151-Km152. Other sections passing through coffee and rubber farms. Km135+300-Km152 NH 19 follows low hilly terrain with slops, there are some small springs crossing. Ground altitude along this section of NH 19 is 666m amsl (Km131) to 840m amsl (Km160). Along the route are farms of coffee, rubber and pine forest. Horizontal curve radius is more than 250 m. Selected route can be redirected. There are populated residential areas along Km139-Km141, Km146-Km148, Km151-Km152. Other sections pass through coffee and rubber farms and some pine forest. Km 152-155 The section running in a relative flat area, lowering toward Km155. There are populated residentials along the road 37 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Km 155-160 The terrain is on flat plateu, lowering toward Km160. Curve radius are greater than 250m. There are populated residential areas along the sections Km155- Km158 and Km159-Km160, the remaining sections passing agricultural land. Km 180-243 From Km180 to Km243, NH19 runs on low hill lowering from +870m at Km180 to +350m at Km241. Along the route are coffee, rubber and cashew nut farms. Horizontal curve radius is greater than 250m.There are populated residential areas at Km182-Km190, Km193- Km202+200, Km207+300- Km212+700, Km213-Km222, Km225-Km229. 2.1.3 Geological Condition The Project areais mainly on mountainous and highland areas characterized by geological formations in Mang Giang, Don Duong, Van Canh, Deo Ca. The geological formations of the area along the NH19 alignment are as follows: Strata of the area from Km17+027 to Km52 consists of: (i) Layer 1a: Old asphalt concrete surface of road section, (ii) Layer 1b: Filled clay which is semi-platstic mingled with macadam fragments, redish fragmented rock mixture (CL-B), (iii) Layer 2a: Dust and organic semi-plastic clay (OL), yellow gray, dark grey, soft and plastic, (iv) Layer 2b: Sand and clay mixture (SC), yellow grey, liquidified. This layer is distributed locally on the section Km23+280 to Km23+453; Km27+640 to Km31+198.16, (v) Layer 2c: Sand mixed with clay (SC), yellow gray, plastic, (vi) Layer 3a: Sand with poor gradation (SP), white grey, medium dense, saturated, (vii) Layer 3b: Sand with good gradation (SW), white grey, medium dense, saturated, (viii) Layer 3c: Gravel mixed with dust (GM), brown grey, medium dense, saturated, (ix) Layer 4a: Lean clay (CL), blue grey, yellow grey, plastic and solid, (x) Layer 4b: Lean clay (CL), blue grey, yellow grey, half-solid, (xi) Layer 4c: Lean clay, blue grey, yellow grey, solid, (xii) Layer 5a: weathered sedimentary deposits in brown grey color, solid level 4-6, (xiii) Layer 6a: Severely weathered and crushed granite, macadam fragments in white grey, black spots, light pink in color, solid level 4-6, (xiv) Layer 6b: Lightly weathered and cracked granite, white grey, black spots, light pink in color, solid level 7-8. Strata at section from Km67 to Km71 includes (i) soft gray in various colours; (ii) mixed sand (iii) clay mixed with gravels ; (iv) mixed clay ; (v) mixed sand; (vi) mixed sand which is the product of granite weathering; (vii) -granite rock . Strata of An Khe bypass: The typical geological strata of the An Khe bypass consists of the following layers: (i) Layer 1: Arable land, (ii) Layer 2: Mixed yellow grey sand, plastic and solid, (iii) Layer 3: Mixed yellow brown sand, mingled with grit, solid, (iv) Layer 4: Granite in blue grey with pink spots, white spots, solid. Strata of the section from Km116 to Km131+300 consists of the following layers: (i) Layer 2: Clay in brown red, soft-plastic to hard-plastic, this layer is evenly distributed across the survey area. The layer‟s thickness ranges from 7.1 to 7.6m, (ii) Layer 2a: Clay in brown red, half-solid. This layer is 2.7m thick, (iii) Layer 3: Mixed clay in white grey, mingled with grit, half-solid, (iv) Layer 4b: Mixed clay in white grey, mingled with some grit, solid. This layer is evenly distributed across the survey area. 38 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Strata of Pleiku City bypass consists of the following layers: (i) Layer K: This is the field surface level with clay mixed with organic matter in blue grey, red brown. The layer‟s thickness ranges between 0.2-0.6m; (ii) Layer 1: Clay in dark grey, plastic and pasty. The layer‟s thickness ranges between 0.4-2.7m. This layer is only found in boreholes at Km5+854 to Km11+955.3, Km13+100 to Km13+134); (iii) Layer 2: Clay mud in blue grey, dark grey. Thickness ranges from 1.2m to 3.9m. This layer is only found in boreholes at Km5+854 to Km8+100); (iv) Layer 3: Clay in red brown. Average thickness is 4.8m. This layer is only found in boreholes at Km0 to Km2+724, Km2+900 to Km5+854; Km11+955.3 to Km13+100; Km13+134 to Km16+630; Km16+700 to Km21) and soil layer is not fully drilled into; (v) Layer 3a: Clay in blue grey, dark grey, mingled with weathered gravel grit. Thickness ranges from 2m to 12.8m. This layer is only found in boreholes at Km5+854 to Km11+955.3; Km13+100 to Km13+134; Km16+630 to Km16+700), (vi) Layer 3b: Clay in dark grey, half-solid. This layer is only found in borehole LC at Le Can bridge at Km2+900. Layer‟s thickness 2m; (vii) Layer 4a: Severely weathered and britle rock. This layer is only found in borehole AM2 (An My 2 bridge) Km16+680. Layer is 1m thick; (viii) Layer 4b: Weathered rock in dark grey. This layer is found in all bridge boreholes (AM1, AM2, LC). The layer is 6m thick and is not fully drilled into. Strata of the area from Km180 to Jm243: This section has the following consistent layers: (i) Layer K: This is the surface soil layer, plastic dust mingled with rocks and debris, red brown color. The layer‟s thickness ranges from 0m to 0.8m; (ii) Layer 3: Clay in red brown, plastic and solid. The layer‟s thickness ranges from 0.8m to 5m and is not fully drilled into. 2.1.4. Climate and Meteorological Conditions The Project area has tropical monsoon climate.However, as it spans from the South Central Coast to the Northern Central Highlands, the climate in the project areas is influenced by both the sea and the ground altitude. The meteorological characteristics of the Project area are as follows: a. Air temperature: Binh Dinh province has average temperature of 27.30C, in which the average temperature is highest in June, July, August, at around 30.60C. January has the lowest average temperature, at around 220C. Gia Lai area has average temperature of 22.40C. Average monthly temperature is highest in May, at around 29-300C, and is lowest in January, at around 220C. Annual average temperature of Binh Dinh area is usually higher than that of Gia Lai, as presented in Table 13. Table 13 - Air Temperature in Quy Nhon and Pleiku (Unit: 0C) Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Station Quy Nhon 26.9 27.7 27.2 27.2 27.5 Pleiku 21.6 22.5 22.4 22.4 22.9 Source: General Statistical Office, 2016 b. Humidity (RH%):Humidity in Binh Dinh area varies between 76.4% to 80%, averaging at 77.6%. Humidity in Gia Lai is around 80% to 82%, averaging at 80.6%. Table 14 - Humidity (%) Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Station Quy Nhon 76.4 75.2 79.0 77.5 80.0 Pleiku 82.0 80.8 80.0 80.2 80.1 Source: General Statistical Office, 2016 39 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment c. Rainfall: The total annual rainfall significantly fluctuated during 2011-2015. Precipitation is concentrated in the rainy season with over 50% of annual rainfall. For Binh Dinh area, the average annual rainfall is 1,578mm, in the most recent five years, the lowest annual rainfall was in 2015, at 1,351mm, and the highest annual rainfall was in 2013 at 1,905 mm. Rainy season in Binh Dinh lasts from August to November. For Gia Lai area, the average total rainfall is 2,222mm, with 2015 as the year with the lowest annual rainfall at 1,634mm, and with 2011 as the year with the highest annual rainfall, at 2,567mm. Rainy season in Gia Lai lasts from May to October. Rainfall in Gia Lai area is usually higher than that in Binh Dinh area. Table 15 - Average Annual Rainfall Unit: mm Year Station 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Quy Nhon 1,525 1,483 1,905 1,628 1,351 Pleiku 2,567 2,208 2,244 2,458 1,634 Source: General Statistical Office, 2016 d. Sunshine hours: As both the Southern Central Coast and Northern Central Highlands have tropical climate, the number of sunny hours per year is usually high. The annual average number of sunny hours in Binh Dinh is 2,517 hours, and in Gia Lai 2,460 hours. Table 16 - Average Number of Annual SunshineHours Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Station Quy Nhon 2,179 2,568 2,341 2,638 2,858 Pleiku 2,215 2,470 2,310 2,549 2,757 Source: General Statistical Office, 2016 e. Wind: Gia Lai is mainly subjected to two main types of monsoon winds, the East-Northeast winds prevails from November to April, and the West-Southwest winds prevails from May to October. During rainy season, the prevailing wind direction is Southwest and West, while in the dry season, winds blowfrom the Northeast. The average wind velocity is 2.2-2.8m/s, highest at 18-20m/s; strong winds exist in dry season. Meanwhile, Binh Dinh is affected by the Northeastern monsoon winds in dry season and the Southwestern monsoon winds in rainy season. The average wind velocity is 1.9-2.2m/s. The highest wind velocity is usually during storms. The highest wind velocity recorded at Hoai Nhon station was 40m/s in November 1984, at Quy Nhon station was 59m/s in September 1972. f. Extreme weather: As the region spans across two types of terrain,the coastal delta and the highlands, each region has its own set of extreme weather conditions, particularly: In Binh Dinh province, dry and hot foehn winds from Laos usually blows from June to August. On average, foehn winds blows 8 days in June, 10 days in July, and 11 days in August. Storms usually come from September to November, concentrating in October. Every year, on average 1.13 storms hit Binh Dinh, andtends to rise. In years where La Nina and El Nino manifest, there is usually one additional storm, with La Nina bringing in more storms than El Nino. Rainstorms are also popular from April to October, particularly from May to September with a monthly average of 3-7 rainstormy days. Flooding usually occurs in the later months when rainfall reaches peak levels, and the Project area is one of the areas most easily affected by flood. The dry season lasts for 8 months, droughts usually take place in summer and fall (May to September). 40 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment In Gia Lai province, droughts usually manifest in the dry season, from November to April of the following year. Severe droughts usually correspond with periods in which El Nino manifests. Rainstorms mostly pour down in Pleiku highlands at an intensity of approximately 62 days per year, spread out from March to October, concentrated in May with around 13 rainstormy days. Flooding usually occurs at the end of the rainy season, along the major rivers such as the recorded Ba river. In 2016, under the effects of La Nina, heavy rainfalls and widespread floods were recorded in the Southeastern parts of Gia Lai province, including An Khe town and Dac Po district in the Project area. 2.1.5. Hydrological Conditions All rivers within Binh Dinh province originate from the eastern side of the Annamite High Mountain Range, thus, they are usually short and highly sloped. The upstream has many mountain chains closely running along river banks and therefore, the rivers have a high slope, floods come and go rapidly, and flooding time is short. In the delta section, the river beds are vast and shallow, with many narrow passages. In water-scarse (dry) season, the water runs low but when big floods hit the downstream area, inundation can last in many days. Within the Project area in Binh Dinh province, the Con river is the biggest river. It is 171km long, basin area is around 2,980km2, ground altitude at source is 925m and average altitude of the basin is 567m. The Con river section does not cut through NH19, and the river section running most closely to NH19 is 300m from Km 50 of NH19 (CHCIP starting point). The Con river is connected with many small canals and streams that cuts through the NH19 alignment. The basin‟s terrain are medium-high mountains, low mountains and hills with an average height of 500-600m. Big floods in the Con river basin are usually the result of rainstorms. The majority of big floods usually take place from September to December, most of them last in a relatively short time with high return frequency. Gia Lai province has three main river systems namely the Ba river,the Se San river and the branches of the Srepok river. The Ba river is the largest river in CHCIP area. It originates from the Ngoc Ro mountain (ground altitude of 1,240m) which runs on the eastern side of the Annamite Range through Kbang, An Khe, Kong Chro, Ia Pa, Ayun Pa and Krong Pa districts of Gia Lai province. The Ba river is 304km long and has a basin area of 13,000km2, of which the basin area inside Gia Lai province is around 11,450km2. The hydrological regime of the rivers in Gia Lai province are divided into two distinct seasons corresponding to the region‟s rainy season. Flood season starts in June and ends in October, coinciding with the rainy season in the area. The flow in flood season accounts for 85-90% of the annual total flow. Dry season starts in November and ends in May of the following year, with the flow accounting for only 10-15% of the total annual flow. According to statistics, big floods that took place in the Project area were in 1981, 1987, 1993, 1998 and 2013, many spots in An Khe bypass were inundated. The road sections of NH19 proposed to be invested by the CHCIP mainly follow hilly contours and cross small streams. The area along the roadhave simple hydrological regime, affected by floods from mountain side,of the basin and not affected by large rivers or tides. 41 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Figure 7. Hydrological Map of Project Area 2.1.6. Environmental Quality 2.1.6.1. Quality of Air, Noise and Vibration Air quality was sampled at every 2 hours during 16 hours at 12 locations (the map showing the sampling locations is in Annex 4). The test results shown in Table 17indicted that the average concentrations of TSP, CO, NO2, SO2 in the Project area were still within the allowable limits according to Vietnamese Air Quality Standard QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT. Noise levels at the sampling locations were below the limit set in QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT. Vibration level werealso below the allowable limits set in QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT6. Table 17–Baseline Air Quality Air sample (sample A)(µg/m3) Noise (N) Vibration (V) No Location TSP CO NO2 SO2 dB (6h-21h) 1 A01, N01, V01 82.4 2658 37.4 39.4 62.1 30.1 2 A02, N02, V02 78.4 2291 46.1 43.9 63.0 32.8 3 A03, N03, V03 109.9 3769 41.7 43.4 62.4 37.3 4 A04, N04, V04 80.1 3323 32.1 38.3 60.6 35.8 5 A05, N05, V05 90.4 2517 35.6 36.9 63.3 38.0 6 A06, N06, V06 69.0 1766 26.4 34.4 59.9 36.3 7 A07, N07, V07 76.6 2785 29.7 37.8 60.0 31.1 8 A08, N08, V08 74.5 2658 31.6 35.0 59.7 34.5 9 A09, N09, V09 73.3 2654 30.0 29.8 61.1 31.9 10 A10, N10, V10 74.9 3391 25.7 29.6 59.1 32.5 11 A11, N11, V11 80.6 2521 39.7 42.6 62.3 39.8 12 A12, N12, V12 76.1 2978 29.3 34.5 59.4 34.6 QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT (TB 1h) 300 30.000 200 350 - - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - - - - - 70 QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT - - - - - 70 No Sampling locations Coordinates Code Characteristics 1 Residential area of Tay Thuan commune, Tay 1357‟5,7”N, A01, N01, V01 On the roadside of NH19, near Son district, Binh Dinh province 10850‟12,1”E residential areas. It was observed 6QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT: National Technical Regulations on Ambient Air Quality; QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT: National Technical Regulations on Hazardous Substances on Ambient Air; QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: National Technical Regulations on Noise 42 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 2 Residential area of Song An commune, An 1358‟38,6”N, A02, N02, V02 that most passing vehicles were Khe town, Gia Lai province 10842‟51,3”E motorcycles. 3 Residential area of An Phuoc ward, An Khe 1359‟47,3”N, A03, N03, V03 On the roadside of NH19, near town, Gia Lai province 10841‟16,8”E residential areas. It was observed that most passing vehicles were 4 Residential area of Cu An commune, ĐakPo 1357‟42,6”N, A04, N04, V04 motorcycles, private cars and buses. district, Gia Lai province 10837‟19,2”E 5 Residential area of Kon Dong town, Mang 1402‟36,8”N, A05, N05, V05 Yang district, Gia Lai province 10815‟34,7”E 6 Residential area of Glar commune, Dak Doa 1358‟32,4”N, A06, N06, V06 On the roadside of NH19, near district 10807‟34,9”E residential areas. It was observed 7 Residential area of Ia Bang commune, Dak 1355‟41,9”N, A07, N07, V07 that most passing vehicles were Doa district 10803‟58,5”E motorcycles. 8 Residential area of Bau Can commune, Chu 1351‟24”N, A08, N08, V08 Prong district, Gia Lai province 10756‟20,3”E 9 Residential area of Thang Hung commune, 1349‟24,7”N, A09, N09, V09 Chu Prong district, Gia Lai province 10753‟29,5”E 10 Residential area of Ia Din commune, Duc Co 1350‟13,6”N, A10, N10, V10 On the roadside of NH19, near district, Gia Lai province 10747‟54,7”E residential areas. It was observed 11 Residential area of Chu Ty town, Duc Co 1348‟2,1”N, A11, N11, V11 that most passing vehicles were district, Gia Lai province 10740‟53,1”E motorcycles, private cars and buses. 12 Route end – Km241 NH19 1345‟57,6”N, A12, N12, V12 10731‟23,4”E 2.1.6.2. Surface Water Quality Surface water were sampled at two locations (map in Annex 4). Test results presented in Table 18 show that all water quality parameters were within the limit set in QCVN 08- MT:2015/BTNMT7, column B1. As sampling was carried out in rainy season, the TSS content nearly reached the allowable limit. Table 18 -Surface Water Quality Result QCVN 08-MT:2015/ No Parameters Unit BTNMT (Column B1) NM01 NM02 o 1 Temperature C 25.5 26.1 - 2 pH - 7.2 7.3 5.5 – 9 3 Turbidity NTU 58.1 61.2 - 4 DO mg/L 4.2 4.5 ≥4 5 COD mg/L 20.8 17.6 30 6 BOD5 mg/L 12.5 11.4 15 7 TSS mg/L 47.3 46.4 50 8 Cu mg/L 0.017 0.062 0.5 9 Zn mg/L 0.029 0.058 1.5 10 Fe mg/L 0.48 0.37 1.5 11 Cd mg/L <0.0002 <0.0002 0.01 12 As mg/L <0.0002 <0.0002 0.05 13 Pb mg/L 0.003 0.008 0.05 14 Grease and oil mg/L 0.27 0.33 1 15 Coliform MPN/ 100mL 1,800 3,200 7,500 No Sampling location Coordinates Code Characteristic 1 Ba La bridge 1356‟56,4”N, 10850‟38,4”E NM1 Turbid water, slow water flow 2 Ba river bridge 1357‟15,4”N, 10839‟5,3”E NM2 Turbid water, many rocks, slow water flow 7QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT column B1 – National Technical Regulations on Surface Water Quality for Irrigation Usage 43 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 2.1.6.3. Groundwater Quality Analysis results of groundwater sampled at 2 locations (shown in Annex4) indicate that all parameters fall within the allowable limits of QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT8. Table 19 -Groundwater quality Result QCVN 09- No Parameter Unit NN01 NN02 MT:2015/BTNMT o 1 Temperature C 27.2 26.9 - 2 pH - 6.7 7.1 5.5 - 8.5 3 Hardness mg/L 118 175 500 4 Turbidity NTU 1.7 2.1 - 5 Conductivity µS/cm 135 162 - 6 TS mg/L 355 401 1500 7 COD mg/L 3.1 2.7 - 8 Mn mg/L 0.38 0.22 0.5 9 Fe mg/L 1.42 1.15 5 10 As mg/L 0.0017 0.0021 0.05 11 Hg mg/L <0.0002 <0.0002 0.001 12 Pb mg/L 0.003 0.004 0.01 13 Zn mg/L 0.012 0.019 3 14 Cd mg/L <0.0002 <0.0002 0.005 15 Coliform MPN/ 100mL 0 1 3 No Sampling location Coordinates Code Characteristic 1 Route avoiding An Khe town 1357‟42,7”N, NN1 Clear, colorless, odorless water, 10837‟19,3”E wells 20-30m deep 2 Rote avoiding Pleiku city 1355‟48,7”N, NN2 Clear, colorless, well depth at 15m 1085‟41,9”E 2.1.6.4. Soil Quality Analysis results of soil sampled at two locations (shown in the map in Annex 4) indicates that that the contents of heavy metals were within the limits set in QCVN 03- MT:2015/BTNMT9.The analysis results of the soil quality in the Project area are presented in Table 20. Table 20 -Soil Quality Result QCVN No Parameter Unit 03-MT:2015/BTNMT D01 D02 (arable land) 1 As mg/kg dry soil 2.97 3.48 15 2 Cu mg/kg dry soil 23.64 31.45 100 3 Zn mg/kg dry soil 82.15 59.32 200 4 Pb mg/kg dry soil 13.46 15.71 70 5 Cd mg/kg dry soil 0.38 0.25 1.5 No Sample location Coordinates Code Characteristic 1 An Khe town bypass, in Hiep Phu 1358‟7,2”N, D1 Land cultivating farm produces, Hiep hamlet, Cu An commune, Dak Po 10837‟45,6”E Phu hamlet, Cu An commune, Dak district Po district 8 QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT – National technical regulation on groundwater quality 9 QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT: National technical regulation on the quality of soil used for agricultural purposes 44 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 2 Pleiku city bypass in A Dok 1355‟48,8”N, D2 Garden land growing coffee plants, A commune, Dak Doa district 1085‟41,7”E Dok commune, Dak Doa district 2.1.6.5. Sediments Quality The analysis results of sediment samples (obtained at the same locations where surface water samples were taken) indicate that all parameters were within the limits provided in QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT,as shown in Table 21 below. Table 21 - Sediment Quality Result QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT No Parameters SD1 SD2 (fresh water sediments) 1 As 1.1 2.3 17 2 Cd 0.8 0.9 3.5 3 Pb 35.2 41.2 91.3 4 Cu 28.9 56.3 197 5 Zn 36.9 48.9 315 2.1.7. Biological Resources 2.1.7.1 Terrestrial Ecosystem The areas along the NH19 used to be affected by civil wars and then by human exploitation. Thus, the existing vegetation cover in the Project area are either planted or regenerated. The Gia Lai Department of Natural Resource and Environment and the People‟s Committee of Tay Thuan, Tay Giang communes advised that there are no known animal or plants species listed in Vietnamese Red Book in these areas. Forests appear scattered along the Project areas and are mainly of two types, as follows: - Watershed protection forests: Dominated mainly by three-needled pines, these forests were mostly planted from the 1980s and are now being maintained and protected to keep the soil and water for river basins. Watershed protection forests were observed at Km65-68 and Km180-185 of the NH19, and are usually around 15-20m away from existing roads. - Production forests: These are popular in the Project areas and are most commonly found between Km50and Km90. Production forests include eucalyptus species, acacia auriculiformis, acacia hybrid,these are planted and harvested regularly following each species cycle. The forests are usually about 5m away from existing NH19 road margins. An Khe bypass, at the section from Km0 to Km10 crosses through the production forest area of local residents. In addition to forests, other terrestrial ecosystems found in the Project includes: - Garden on hills: This gardens mainly consists of industrial trees such as pepper, coffee and rubber. Garden mostly observed on the roadsides from Km135 to Km243 on NH19 in Mang Yang, Dak Doa, Duc Co districts and Pleiku city of Gia Lai province. - Agriculture ecosystem: rice, vegetables or food trees/plants are grown on valleys are cultivated with cassava, sugar canes and elephant grass on low hills. These ecosystems can be easily observed in the NH19 section from Km50 to Km90 part of Tay Son district, Binh Dinh province; An Khe town, Dak Po district, Gia Lai province.In addition, agricultural ecosystems with rice and vegetables were also observed along the Pleiky bypass. 45 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Urban ecosystem: is highly popular in the Project, scattered along NH19. Gardens grow fruit trees such as bananas, star apples, mangos or industrial trees such as pepper, coffee, etc. According to the 2011-2015 Environmental Status Reports of Binh Dinh and Gia Lai and interviews with local residents, several popular animal species are regularly spotted in the Project area, nesting in residential areas and agricultural production areas, including bats, voles. Domestic animals include dogs, cats, pigs, chicken, geese, ducks, buffaloes, cows, goats. Mountainous areas are home to squirrels, porcupines, weasels, viverrids. Popular reptiles, amphibians such as lizards, snakes, toads, rice field frogs, Chinese edible frogs,... live on fields or cannals along the route. Some species are found in gardens and around residential areas such as house geckos, Asian toads, banded bullfrogs. These species do not have high biodiversity values. 2.1.7.2 Aquatic Ecosystem According to the Environmental Status Reports of Binh Dinh and Gia Lai provinces, the Project area has species includes aquatic plants such as Eichhornia crassipes,Vallisneria spiralis, Ceratophyllum demersum, Myriophyllum verticillatum,Nymphaea pubessens, phytoplanktons belonging to 4 phytoplankton phyla, that is, Bacillariophyta, Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta and Euglenophyta. Among these, Chlorophyta dominate in terms of species share and visibility frequency, followed by Bacillariophyta, Cyanobacteria and lastly, Euglenophyta.Interview with local residents show that they are not aware if there is any rare/endangered species present in the Project area. During the surveys in August and December 2016, the following species were identified Anabastestudineus, Chanastriatus,Monopterusalbus, Mastacembelidae, Notopterus notopterus, Carassius auratus, Rasbora aurotaenia, Rasborinus lineatus, Oreochromis mossambicus,... Overall, the density of natural fish remains low while farming output is also modest, mostly sufficient for local use only. Apart from that, fish and shrimps are also farmed in ponds and lagoons at a household scale and serve local demand. Zooplankton species identified in the Project area belong to the following groups: Copepoda, Cladocera, Rotatoria, Paramecium, and other groups such as Crustacean larva, Mollusc larva, Insect larva. Among these, Copepoda dominate in terms of species share and visibility frequency, followed by Cladocera, Rotatoria and other groups. Besides phytoplankton and zooplankton, the Project area also houses benthic species including Mollusc, Arthropoda of different classes: Bivalvia,Gastropoda and Crustacea. Among these, the Crustacea class occupy the largest share. As the Project area mainly consists of agricultural ecosystems, the diversity of species is limited, the majority of which are crop plants and domestic animals of the residents. Comments:It is clear that under the impact of human activities in the Project area, the flora and fauna found along the route are relatively poor, most of them are crop plants and domestic animals, and there is no known precious, endangred species or species listed in the Red Book in the Project area. Areas with rich, rare and valuable ecosystems and high biodiversity such as national parks, conservations areas are located quite far from the Project area (20-50km). 2.1.7.3 National Parks, Conservations Areas near Project Area TheKon Ka Kinh National Park and the Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve located at least 20 km farway from project sites. 46 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment The Kon Ka Kinh National Park is located in Gia Lai province, around 20km away from NH19‟s Project section. The Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve spreads across the three provinces of Gia Lai, Quang Ngai and Binh Dinh, with the closest distance from NH19‟s Project section being around 50km. - Kon Ka Kinh National Park: located at Kon Pne, Dak Rong and Krong communes of K‟Bang district; Ha Dong commune, Dak Doa district; and Ayun commune, Mang Yang district, Gia Lai province. The total natural land area of the park is 41,780ha. Kon Ka Kinh National Park has 33,565ha of natural forests, which accounts for 80% of its total land area. The park now has different forest habitats in the mountains, of particular importance is the 2,000ha of mixed forests between broad-leaved trees and pine trees, including Fokienia hodgisii (Le Trong Trai et al. 2000). This area might inhabit the most pristine biomes in the mountainous region of Central Annamite Range, including the habitat of species currently at risk of extinction such as Pygathrix cinerea, Hylobates gabriellae and Panthera tigris (Le Trong Trai et al. 2000). Kon Ka Kinh lies inside the Kon Tum Plateau Endemic Bird Area where it was identified 6 biome-restricted bird species (Le Trong Trai et al. 2000), one of which is Garrulax konkakinhensis – the endemic species of Kon Tum highlands currently considered as globally endanged at the Vulnerable level. The Kon Ka Kinh National Park also registered the presence of four true frogs species that are endemic to the Annamite Range: Leptobrachium banae, L. anthospilum, Rana attigua and Rhacophorus aliogaster (IUCN-SSC and CI-CABS 2003). (2) The Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve: is located on Son Lang commune, K‟Bang district of Gia Lai province. The total natural area of the reserve is around 15,900ha. Kon Cha Rang has a natural forest area of 15,610ha, which represents 98% of the total reserve area. The main type of forest found here is tropical evergreen forest on low mountains, located at an altitude of 900-1,000m at the Northwest of the reserve and dominating 70-80% of the forest area here. The dominant flora are the family plants of Re Lauraceae, Magnoliaceae, Podocarpus imbricatus, Dacrydium elatum. The conservation area also has low-mountain evergreen forests at 900m altitude. Only 2% of the reserve is covered in secondary forests, mainly sheltering some pulpwood and shrubs (Anon. 1999). Surveys carried out by the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute and BirdLife International in 1999 listed up to 546 species of Kormobionta connected to 376 branches, 122 genera. Some plant species have been regionally acknowledged as having the globally endangered status, 9 of which are endemic to Vietnam, namely: Acer erythranthum, Baccaurea silvestris, Bulbophyllum hiepii, Calamus poilanei,Craibiodendron scleranthum, Dalbergia cochinchinensis, Dendrobium ochraceum, Dialium cochinchinensis, and Michelia mediocris (Anon. 1999). Survey results also confirmed the existence of 62 animal species, 169 bird species and 161 butterfly species. Of the animals, 8 species are classified as globally endangered and 17 are listed in the Vietnamese Red Book. Notably, there are 3 animal species endemic to the IndoChina region, namely, Hylobates gabriellae, Pygathrix nemaeus cinereus and Megamuntiacus vuquangensis (Anon. 1999). Furthermore, Kon Cha Rang is also one of the few areas that registered (although unofficially) the habitat of Axis porcinus annamiticus – a specific, endemic species to IndoChina that is on the edge of extinction. Two bird species identified in the area which are globally endangered, that is, Rheinardia ocellata and Heliopais personata. Another 7 bird species are at risk. Particularly, 5 biome-restricted bird species have been registered, including Rheinardia ocellate, Garrulax milleti, G. Vassali, Jabouilleia danjoui, and Macronous kelleyii. Surveys on regional butterfly fauna reveal 7 taxons that might be new to science (Anon. 1999). 2.2. Economic Conditions Tay Son district – Binh Dinh. In 2015, total output value of key production sectors was estimated at VND3,253 billion, in which the value of agro-forestry-fishery production was VND428 billion. With regards to cultivation, the production value was estimated to have reached VND242 billion, total area of annual cultivation land was 19,077ha, and the output of seed plants was around 75,903 tonnes. In 2015, the district deployed 11 large paddy fields across a total area of 515ha. With respect to animal husbandry, total production value was estimated at VND144 billion with a herd of 957 buffaloes, 35,958 cows, 58,709 pigs, and 47 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 556,000 poultry. Regarding forestry, forest management and protection, wildfire prevention and firefighting continue to be enhanced. The production value of industry – small industry and handcrafts – construction in 2015 was estimated at VND682 billion, in which sugar production, at 33,044 tonnes, was one of the key sectors. Small industry and handicrafts contributed VND253 billion, construction VND184 billion. Total revenues from the sale of goods services were estimated at VND2,143 billion. Some programs, projects and policies on socio-economic development in mountainous areas have been deployed with encouraging results. Pleiku City (Gia Lai Province). As of 2015, the share of the trade-service sector was 50.2%, industry-construction sector 44.4%, and agro-forestry-fishery sector 5.4%. The average income per every ha of production land was estimated to reach VND68 million. The average income per capita was around VND39.1 million/capita/year. An Khe Town (Gia Lai Province). The share of the industrial sector in the economy is 61%, service sector 28%, and agriculture 11%. Mang Yang District (Gia Lai Province). The production output share of the agro-forestry sector is 52.98%, industry-construction sector 24.25%, and services 22.77%. Chu Prong District (Gia Lai Province). In 2016, total production value reached VND4,755.3 billion, of which the agro-forestry-fishery sector contributed VND2,933.17 billion, industry- construction sector VND773.6 billion, services sector VND988.53 billion. Duc Co District (Gia Lai Province) has an average annual economic growth rate of 13.15%. The share of agro-forestry production in the local economy is 48.6%, of industry-construction 18.3%, of services 33.1%. Average income per capita reached VND27.9 million/capita/year. Dak Doa District (Gia Lai Province) has a steadily growing economy, averaging at 11.5%/year. It is estimated that by late 2015, total production value reached VND4,770 billion, average annual income per capita VND30 million. Agricultural growth was registered at an average of 5.5%/year, agricultural production now heading into commodity production. It has been established and developed several production areas focusing on industrial plants with high economic value such as coffee, pepper. The district now has over 13,200ha of coffee, over 1,100 ha of pepper. With respect to animal husbandry, Dak Doa district currently has a cattle and poultry herds of around 196,725 units, of which 63,275 are cattle (41% being cows). Dak Po District (Gia Lai Province). In 2016, total production output is estimated at VND36,362.5 billion. Agro-forestry-fishery production is now focused into sustainable development, with the production value having reached VND24,524 billion. 2.3. Existing Infrastructure and Services 2.3.1. Transportation National Highway 19 connects the Quy Nhon Seaport with Central Highlands provinces, and ends at the Le Thanh Border Gate (Km243 – Gia Lai province). The section passing through Binh Dinh province is 67km long, with the following corresponding scale: - Section from Quy Nhon Seaport Km0 to Ong Tho T-junction: 5km long, road embankment width 21.5m, asphalt surface Bm=14m; - Section from Ong Tho T-junction (around Km5) to Ba Gi bridge T-junction Km17+256 (intersecting with NH1): Level III delta road standards, roadbase width 12m, asphalt surface Bm=11m; 48 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Section from Km17+027 to Km50: this section has been expanded to 11m/12m for the outer urban section, and to 13m/15m for the section running through urban areas; - Section from Km50 to the end of An Khe Mountain Pass (Km67): road surface width 7m and roadbasewidth 9m; - Section from Km67 to Km76: Level IV delta road, road surface width 7m, road base width 10m; - Section from Km76 (Ka Nat crossroads) to Km82+200 (An Khe town urban area): secondary main road, Bn=24m, Bm=14m; - Section from Km82+200 to Km90: Level IV delta road, Bn=10m, Bm=7m; - Section from Km90 to Km108: has not been upgraded, although work to expand the roadsides has been started, bored holes drilled for bridge expansion, however, construction works have temporarily stopped. Asphalt road surface width 7m, road embankmentwidth 10m; - Section from Km108 to Km131+300: completed following the BOT investment. Asphalt road surface width 11m, roadbase width 12m; - Section running through Kon Dong town (Km131+300 to Km135): 3.7km long. Secondary urban road, Broad base=24m, Broad surface=14m; - Section from Km135 to Km152+500 (from the end of Kon Dong town to the beginning of Dak Doa town): 17.5km long, Level IV delta road, road surface width 7m, roadbase width 10m; - Section from Km152+500 to Km155 (Dak Doa town): 2.5km long, secondary main road, Broad base=24m, Broad surface=14m (4 lanes); - Section from Km155 to Km160 (from the end of Dak Doa town to the beginning of Pleiku city): 5km long, Level IV delta road, Broad base=10m, Broad surface=7m; - Section from Km160 to Km167 (from the beginning of Pleiku city to NH14 Phu Dong junction, Km531 NH14, Km1590 Ho Chi Minh Highway): secondary main road, Broad base=35m, Broad surface=21m (6 lanes); - Section from Km180 to Km218+500 (Ham Rong junction to the beginning of Chu Ty town, Duc Co district): Level III mountain road, road surface width 7m, roadbase width 10m; - Section from Km218+500 to Km222 (section passing by Chu Ty town): Level III mountain road, road surface width 13m, roadbase width 17m-21m; - Section from Km222 to Km241 (at the end of Chư Ty town): Level III mountain road, road surface width 7m, road base width 10m; - Section from Km241 to Km243 (Le Thanh Border Gate): 2km long, Level III mountain road, road surface width 21m (6 lanes), road base width 27m; Apart from that, the Project area also has some other other National Highways that intersect with NH19, namely: - National Highway 1A: The section passing by Binh Dinh province is 118km in length, runs from Binh De Mountain Pass (Km1125) to Cu Mong Mountain Pass (Km1243), passing by the following districts: Hoai Nhon, Phu My, Phu Cat, An Nhon, Tuy Phuoc, and Quy Nhon city. This is a Level III delta road, Broad base= 12m, asphalt road surface Broad surface= 11m, currently being upgraded to Level III road with 4 lanes. The section from Ong Do bridge Km1218+57 to Phu Tai sluice gate at Km1223+2017 is 4.7km long, Level II urban road, construction line 30m. - National Highway 14: NH14 from DaKrong bridge of Quang Tri province, passes by Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lak provinces and ends at Chon Thanh town, Binh Phuoc province. The route is 889.7km long, Level III-V road, road base width 7-10m, road surface width 5-7m, currently being upgraded. 49 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Based on the vehicle count conducted by the feasibility study consultant, the average traffic flow at selected locations is presented in Table 22 in the next page. 2.3.2. Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation Data from the Center for Rural Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation of Binh Dinh province shows that the ratio of residents using clean water in Tay Giang and Tay Thuan communes is 71.1% and 74.2% respectively. The main source of water is the Vinh An Water Supply Plant (capacity 977 m3/day) and local wells. Results of the surveys on water used for washing and personal hygiene of households affected by the Project reveal that 23.5% of households are using water from dugged wells, 5.88% from boreholes, 11.76% are using public water source, and the majority (58.82%) are using tap water. With respect to water for cooking, 70.6% are using tap water, 23.5% are using dugged wells, and 5.8% are using borehole wells. According to the surveys, 94.1% of the households shared that they have septic toilets, only 5.9% responded that they have temporary and understandard toilets. According to statistics compiled by Gia Lai province, the rate of residents using clean water in the districts covered by the Project ranges from 61.2% to 98.5%, in which the highest ratio was recorded in Pleiku city and lowest in Mang Yang district. Around 17.5% of the households affected by the Project are using water from dug wells, 29.4% from drilled wells, the rest are using tap water (53.1%). For cooking purposes, 67.6% of the households are using tap water, 13.5% are using water from dugd wells, and 18.9% from boreholes. Statistics of Gia Lai province also show that, the ratio of households with access to sanitary toilets in the districts covered by the Project ranges from 49% to 100%, in which the highest ratio was registered for Pleiku city and lowest for Duc Co district. Based on direct surveys with affected households, 79.3% shared they have septic toilets, only 17.5% had temporary, substandard toilets, and 2.2% did not have their own toilets, had to rely on others‟ or defecate on the fields. 2.3.3. Drainage and Flooding Drainage is available along some sections of NH19. Public consultations shows that the areas near the Ba La and Lo Gom bridges are the lowland areas of Tay Giang commune in Binh Dinh province were subjected to inundation at 1 to 1.5m during 1.5-2h after the heavy floods in January 2013 and December 2016. The drainage channels along the residential area Dong Pho of Tay Giang commune often clogged with heavy rain. Along the section at Km57, the Thuong Son residential area of Tay Thuan commune is flooded when heavy rain due to a small drain aperture with flood level from 0.3 to 0.5m. 50 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Table 22 - Average Traffic Flow at Selected Locations in 2016 Heavy truck Tractors/ Buses Motorcycles/ Station Private Light 2 axles Simple and Bicycles/ Total Counted No Section 3 Over 4 Three-wheeled name vehicles truck medium truck Small Large small Pedicabs cars direction axles axles motorcycles carriages A First 6 months of 2016 Binh Dinh - Gia Km 1 An Khe 369 12 487 212 223 404 88 0 0 0 1794 Lai, Gia Lai - 90+900 Binh Dinh Km An Khe - PleiKu, 2 K'Dang 515 340 549 192 129 427 256 138 0 0 2407 142+040 PleiKu - An Khe Ham Rong – Duc Km 3 Chu Prong 187 190 250 95 55 113 137 0 0 0 1027 Co, Duc Co – 197+300 Ham Rong B Q3/2016 Binh Dinh - Gia Km 1 An Khe 397 8 551 206 195 490 81 3 1928 Lai, Gia Lai - 90+900 Binh Dinh Km An Khe - PleiKu, 2 K'Dang 422 278 424 162 108 356 186 49 1936 142+040 PleiKu - An Khe Ham Rong – Duc Km 3 Chu Prong 179 202 290 74 57 180 94 1076 Co, Duc Co – 197+300 Ham Rong 51 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 2.3.4. Domestic Solid Waste Treatment Domestic waste collection services is available in most of the populated areas located along the NH19‟s sections to be supported by the Project (such as Tay Son district, An Khe town, Dak Po district, Kon Dong town and adjacent areas, Dak Doa town and adjacent areas, Pleiku city and adjacent areas, Chu Ty town and adjacent areas). The service is managed by urban management authorities, contractors, or teams such as the Hoa Thien Company in An Khe town, Urban Management Team of Kon Duong Town, Urban Utitilies of Gia Lai Chity or Transport and Urban Services of Duc Co District. The collected waste is transported to landfills such as the Tay Xuan landfill in Tay Son district of Binh Dinh province, An Khe landfill in Song An commune of An Khe town, the Kon Dong landfill in Kon Dong town, city landfill in Gao commune of Pleiku city), and the landfill of Chu Ty town. For thinly populated areas and those far from the center, local residents are collecting and self-treating domestic waste within the household. 2.3.5. Power Supply and Communication Overall, grid electricity is provided to all communes affected by the Project, thus, 100% of the households surveyed said that they had been using the national electricity grid for lightning and daily use. Furthermore, some respondents also shared that they use electricity for cooking purposes (such as rice cooking or induction cooker). The main communication channels used by affected households in the Project area include mobile phones and television. The survey shows that 100% of households have access to these channels. 2.4 Social Conditions 2.4.1 Land Use The Project sites are in Tay Son district – Binh Dinh province; An Khe town, Dak Po district, Mang Yang district, Dak Doa district, Pleiku city, Chu Prong district and Duc Co district – Gia Lai province.Agricultural land usually accounts for alargest share. The detailed land use status in the districts within the Project areas is presented in Table 23 below. Table 23 -Existing Landuse in the Project Area Agricultural Specialized Residential Plantation Total Administrative unit land land land (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) Binh Dinh Tay Son 18,192 39,588 6,344 1,006 69,220 An Khe Town 12,356 3,955 1,740 627 20,007 Dak Po 24,071 18,017 3,799 378 50,253 Mang Yang 49,408 51,870 5,892 2,010 112,718 Gia Lai Dak Doa 65,237 20,904 3,801 1,174 98,530 Pleiku City 16,461 2,269 3,395 2,726 26,077 Chu Prong 105,461 45,354 3,487 1,027 169,391 Duc Co 60,468 6,484 2,531 448 72,186 Land use structure 56.9% 30.5% 5.0% 1.5% 100.0% Source: Binh Dinh and Gia Lai 2015 Statistical Yearbook It is clear that agricultural land accounts for a large portion (nearly 57%) in the land use structure of the Project area, followed by plantations which accounts for 30.5%. Residential land represents only 1.5% of total natural land in the area. Details about existing land use status along NH19 is presented in Table 24 below. 52 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Table 24 - Land-use Along NH19 Section Section Landuse Status Km50 - Km76 Km 50+800 to Km52+100 Residential land for Ta Giang 1 residential area, Tay Giang commune Km52+100 to Km53+200 Agricultural land, mostly for rice and sugar cane Km53+200 to Km54+900 Residential land for Dong Pho residential area, Tay Giang commune Km54+900 to Km56+100 Agricultural land, mostly for rice, cassava and sugar cane Km56+100 to Km58+300 Residential land for Trung Son, Thuong Son residential areas, Tay Thuan commune Km58+300 to Km67 Agricultural land, mostly for cassava, Acacia auriculiformis, gum trees Km67 to Km73+200 Residents houses mixed with agricultural landlots in Thuong An, An Thuong, An Thuong 2 hamlets, Song An commune Km73+200 to Km76 Residential land of Group 6, 7 residential area, Ngo May ward An Khe Km0 to Km0+700 Paddy land of local residents Bypass Km0+700 to Km1+390 Plantations land with Acacia auriculiformis and gum trees Km1+390 to Km7+560 Agricultural land with some main crops including cassava and sugar canes, alongside several small areas cultivating Acacia auriculiformis, gum trees and rice Km7+560 to Km13+560 Agricultural land with some main crops including subsidiary crops, sugar canes, corn and rice Km13+560 to Km13+700 Residential land Km82+200 to Km82+200 to Km88+100 Residential land of residential areas of Cu An and Tan Km90 An communes Km88+100 to Km90 Agricultural land with sugar canes as the main crop Km131+500 to Km131+500 to Km136 Residential land of Kon Dong town Km152+500 Km136 to Km138 Residential land of Linh Nham residential area, Dak Djang commune, mixed with agricultural landlots cultivating coffee Km138 to Km143+800 Residential land of residential areas of Dak Djang and K‟Dang communes Km143+800 to Km144+600 Agricultural land with coffee and pepper as main crops Km144+600 to Km146+600 Residential land of Cau Vang residential area, K‟Dang commune Km146+600 to Km147+200 Agricultural land with rubber as the key crop Km147+200 to Km151+500 Residential land of residential areas of hamlets 1, 2 and 3, Tan Binh commune, mixed with agricultural landlots planting rubber, coffee and pepper Km151+500 to Km152+500 Residential land of Dak Doa town Km155 to Km155 to Km157+300 Residential land of Dak Doa town and An Phu Km160 commune Km157+300 to Km157+700 Agricultural land cultivating subsidiary crops and rice Km157+700 to Km160 Agricultural land of residential areas of An Phu and Chu A communes Pleiku Bypass Km0-Km1+800 Ricefield and vegetable garden land Km1+800-Km4+930 Coffee plantation 53 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Section Section Landuse Status Km4+930-Km4+970 Ricefield and vegetable garden land Km4+970-Km5+250 Coffee plantation Km5+250-Km5+750 Rubber plantation Km5+750-Km8+460 Coffee plantation Km8+460-Km8 +550 Ricefield and vegetable garden land Km8 +550-Km11+650 Rubber plantation Km11+650-Km13+200 Rubber plantation Km180 to Km180 to Km182+300 Forestry land on both roadsides, about 20m from the Km241 road Km182+300 to Km186+700 Residential land of Village A residential area, Gao commune and Dong Tam residential area, Bau Can commune Km186+700 to Km187+700 Agricultural land cultivating coffee and tea Km187+700 to Km190 Residential land of Doan Ket, Hoa Binh residential areas, Bau Can commune Km190 to Km193+400 Forestry land, 20m away from the roads Km193+400 to Km199+100 Residential land of residential areas of hamlets 1, 2, 3 and 4, Thang Hung commune; Tan Lac residential area, Binh Giao commune Km199+100 to Km200+200 Agricultural land with cashew and pepper as main crops Km200+200 to Km202+200 Residential land of Thanh Binh, Thanh An residential areas, Binh Giao commune Km202+200 to Km205+800 Agricultural land with coffee and cashew as main crops Km205+800 to Km209+100 Residential land of residential areas of IA Din commune Km209+100 to Km211+500 Agricultural land with cassava and cashew as main crops Km211+500 to Km218+700 Residential land of residential areas of IA Krel commune, mixed with agricultural landlots cultivating coffee, pepper and rubber Km218+700 to Km229+100 Residential land of Chu Ty town, IA Kla and IA Dom communes Km229+100 to Km231 Agricultural land cultivating rubber and cassava Km231 to Km232+800 Residential land of Mook Den, Mook Trang and O residential areas, IA Dom commune Km232+800 to Km235 Agricultural land cultivating coffee, rubber and cassava Km235 to Km236+300 Residential land of Lang Bi residential area, IA Dom commune Km236+300 to Km241 Agricultural land with rubber as the key crop 2.4.2 Labor and Income Nearly 70% of the population of the Project communes reside in rural areas. Populated residential areas are only observed in the communes/wards of An Khe Town, Pleiku City and communecenters along the existing NH19. For Binh Dinh, of the total affected people affected, 20.3% of people are engaged in agricultural production (9.7% are male vs 10.6% are female). 18.4% are involved in businesses (9.3% are male vs 9.1% are female). A small percentage of 5.5% of affected people are working as workers (2.9% are male vs 2.6% are female). There is 10% of them working as governmental staff (5.7% are male vs 4.4% are women). A small number of people are not working and remain at home doing housework (0.7% are male vs 3.6% are 54 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment female). A 6% of them work as hired labor (3.3% are male vs 2.7% are female). 5.8% are retired (2.6% are male vs 3.3% are female). For Gia Lai, There are 532 men and 480 women from the sample taken. The number of people at the working age (18 – 60) makes up 67.7%.There are 456 people (209 women and 247 men) who are currently engaged in agricultural production, accounting for 45.06% of total people from the sample. If disaggregated by gender, there is no big differencebetween men and women. The percentage of men and women participating in agriculture are 46.43% and 43.54%, respectively. The number of people active in wage employment in private companies and private businesses is small (14 people, with 9 men and 5 women), making up 1.4%. Most of the household head (11 people) who work as hired labor is household head. Only 3 people who are not household heads. There are 2.87% (29 people, including 17 men and 12 women) who are working as hired labor, primarly in mechanical workshops (mainly young people). There are 74 people (39 men and 35 women) who are working in the public sector (7.31%). Most of them are aged between 25 and 45 years old. There are 75 people who are engaged in private businesses (7.41%) and 9 people (0.89%) in the field of transport. There are 54 persons (5.34%, including 20 men and 34 women) who are retired and/or do housework, or running occasional small business during off-farm season. There are 301 people who are students (156 male and 145 female), accounting for 29.74% of those affected in the sample. The average income of 218 households affected is 11,230,000 VND/month. Compared between male headed households and female headed households, the average income from male headed households appears higher than that of male headed households - 3,750,000 VND/month for male headed households vs 1,600,000 VND/month for female headed households. The average income of all members of the affected household from the sample is 3,267,000 VND/month. Geographically, the average income appear to be higher in communes, towns of An Khe Town and Pleiko City compared to that of communes in the rural, remote areas. Highest income are found among households in An Binh Commune with 15,104,000 VND/household/month whereas the lowest income are among communes of Ia Dok and Tay Giang with only 5,700,000 VND/household/month. The highestincome per households is 550 million/year whereas the lowest income was 32 million/year. Table 25–Affected Household Monthly Average Income in Gia Lai Province <=2 Million VND From 2 - 3 Million VND From 3 Millions VND TOTAL Households % Households % Households % Households % 23 10.55 47 21.56 148 66.7 218 100.0 Source: RAP, 12/2016. 2.4.3 Population The road sections to be supported by the Project runs through 2 communes of Tay Son district, Binh Dinh province with a total population of 22,038 people, and through 7 districts of Gia Lai province with a total population of 226,658 people. The population of the communes/wards/towns in the Project area is presented in detail in Table 26: 55 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Table 26 - Population of Project Communes 2015 Population Density No. of Average Commune/ Area Province District % (person/ househol person/ Ward/Town Total % Male (km2) Female km2) ds HH Tay Thuan 8,067 50.53 49.47 77.66 104 1,903 4.2 Binh Dinh Tay Son Tay Giang 13,971 51.07 48.93 73.76 189 3,212 4.3 Cu An 7,078 57.58 42.42 36.9 192 1,584 4.5 Dak Po Tan An 12,669 59.92 40.08 26.5 477 2,760 4.6 Song An 5,442 49.76 50.24 44.2 123 1,197 4.5 An Phuoc 3,545 48.58 51.52 13.2 269 778 4.6 An Khe Thanh An 5,471 50.78 49.22 22.5 243 1,346 4.1 town An Binh 8,170 49.76 50.24 9.7 845 1,962 4.2 Ngo May 5,384 55.46 44.54 10.2 530 1,223 4.4 Mang Dak DJrang 5,019 50.95 49.05 50.5 99 1,324 3.8 Yang Kon Dong 10,162 51.26 48.74 17.0 167 2,191 4.6 Dak Doa 15,476 48.85 51.15 21.2 730 3,644 4.2 Tan Binh 5,212 50.27 49.73 22.5 232 1,203 4.3 K‟dang 10,690 52.81 47.19 75.8 141 1,375 7.8 Dak Doa A Dok 5,948 50.25 49.75 21.1 282 1,284 4.6 Glar 8,984 51.25 48.75 41.7 216 1,978 4.5 Ia Bang 11,220 52.66 47.34 53.6 210 2,348 4.8 Gia Lai Gao 4,093 54.19 45.81 58.0 71 1,345 3.0 Pleiku An Phu 10,887 52.12 47.88 11.2 976 2,602 4.2 City Chu H‟Drong 2,494 53.77 46.23 13.2 190 573 4.4 Chu A 9,300 46.48 53.52 14.5 643 1,942 4.8 Thang Hung 6,709 49.75 50.25 38.6 174 1,478 4.5 Chu Prong Bau Can 6,370 47.55 52.45 33.8 189 1,605 4.0 Binh Giao 6,642 44.84 55.16 41.9 159 1,585 4.2 Ia Krieng 5,427 49.25 50.75 109.2 50 1,217 4.5 Ia Kla 7,289 46.56 53.44 49.9 146 1,697 4.3 Chu Ty 14,344 43.88 56.12 113.5 126 3,044 4.7 Ia Pnon 4,672 49.25 50.75 116.0 40 4,672 1.0 Duc Co Ia Nan 8,673 51.95 48.05 90.2 96 1,880 4.6 Ia Krel 8,313 49.26 50.74 53.1 157 1,960 4.2 Ia Dom 6,995 49.25 50.75 145.7 48 2,438 2.9 Ia Din 3,980 50.15 49.85 43.98 90 885 4.5 The Project area is home to some ethnic minoritie groups, the majority of which are Bahnar and Jrai people. Ethnic minority households are concentrated mainly in Gia Lai province, representing from 30% to 70% of the communal population. Furthermore, throughout Gia Lai province, the political role of the ethnic minorities has always been valued. Specifically, within the leadership of the communes and wards of the Project area, at least the Chairman or Vice-Chair of commune/ward People‟s Committee of the has to come from an ethnic minority group. The Kinh communities reside in hamlets, villages, groups and are mostly settled along the key routes, particularly along the existing NH19. These communities live off agricultural activities, cultivating rice and industrial crops (pepper, coffee, rubber) and engage in trading activities and services to serve the needs of local residents. 56 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Ethnic minority communities in the Project bypasses arealocate in the highlands and concentrated in villages; in medium -high mountains, sloped terrain or remote areas.The population livedispersely. The density of villages and residents is not only influenced by landscape, topographical factors but is also linked to the level of cultivation and stability of life. Milpa cultivation remains crucial to the provision of food and food products to the Central Highlands residents as paddy fields are limited and rice cultivation has been practiced by some groups of Ja Rai, Bahnar people who are living in areas with relative favorable conditions for rice cultivation. In practice, rice cultivation in Central Highlands remains primitive. Even though tractors, plowing machine and fertilizers have been beised used/applied, agricultural productivity in these communities remain lessthan that of Kinh people. Beside milpa and paddy fields, horticulture economy has become increasingly important, especially for villages that have settled permanently (instead of keep moving from one place to the other), however, horticulture does not play a key part in household‟s economy in the Central Highlands. 2.4.4 Education There are 121 schools, including pre-school, primary, secondary and high schools within the project‟s communes. Table 27 - Schools within the Project Area Number of pupils Province District Commune/Ward/Town School Pre- High Primary Secondary Total school school Binh Dinh Tay Son Tay Thuan 4 221 426 290 625 1562 Tay Giang 5 318 580 946 570 2414 Gia Lai An Khê An Phuoc 2 87 259 181 92 619 Thanh An 3 219 439 310 510 1478 An Binh 4 450 630 540 720 2340 Ngo May 2 160 401 650 742 1952 Song An 3 151 437 334 485 1407 Dak Po Cu An 3 244 563 294 464 1565 Tan An 5 435 952 850 518 2755 Mang Kon Dong 7 326 1378 979 285 2968 Yang Dak DJrang 3 379 612 345 534 1870 Dak Doa Dak Doa 6 1008 573 366 618 2565 Ia Kla 6 198 1040 473 586 2297 Ia Bang 4 512 1364 518 156 2550 Tan Binh 4 186 466 330 260 1242 Kdang 4 543 1166 469 525 2703 Glar 4 310 869 552 25 1756 A Dok 3 245 767 449 560 2021 Pleiku Gao 3 272 445 211 61 989 An Phu 4 472 1313 633 120 2538 Chu Hdrong 4 23 162 580 136 901 Chu A 3 25 91 108 95 319 Chu Prong Thang Hung 4 272 697 412 550 1931 Binh Giao 4 213 780 432 374 1799 Bau Can 3 196 625 398 415 1634 Duc Co Ia Krieng 4 564 1298 1354 1104 4320 Chu Ty 3 873 1822 1879 1137 5711 57 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Number of pupils Province District Commune/Ward/Town School Pre- High Primary Secondary Total school school Ia Pnon 3 452 986 1245 998 3681 Ia Nan 5 205 807 431 327 1770 Ia Krel 5 548 781 444 412 2185 Ia Dom 4 411 775 470 286 1942 Ia Din 4 211 596 298 175 1280 Source: Survey Data Collected for RAP preparation, 12/2016 In Gia Lai, of the total 218 heads of households, there are 183 male-headed households and 35 female-headed households. Of these, there are 105 head of household (48.2%) who have completed secondary high school, 49 head of household (22.5%) have graduated primary school. At a higher level of education, there are 43 head of household (19.7%) who completed high school. The number of household heads completing vocational school, college, university is 17 people, making up 7.8%. The number of illiterate household heads are 4 people, accounting for 1.83%. Comparing by gender, of the 105 householders completing highschool, the number of male head of household are 94 whereas female headed households are 11. Within the male headed household group, the number of households completing high school accounts for 51.37%. Within the female headed household group, the number of households completing high school makes up only 31.4% (11 person). Similarly, at the primary school level, of 49 household heads, there are 37 male headed households and 12 female headed households. The male group accounts for 20.32% compared with total male headed households, and 17.0% compared with total household heads. The female group accounts for 34.29% compared with total male headed households, and 5.5% compared with total household heads. At highschool level, this group include 43 persons, making up 19.7% compared to the total household heads. The female group accounts for 22.86% and male group accounts for 19.13%, respectively to female and male group. The group completing vocational highschool, college and university makes up 7.8%, of which male group making up 7.65% and female 8.57%. There are four household heads (1.8%) who are illiterate. By gender, there are 3 male head househodls and 1 female headed households. In Binh Dinh, a survey of 137 affected households at Tay Giang and Tay Thuan communes revealed that 34.3 percent of the surveyed people have completed high school, of which the percentage of male completing highschool is 29.9% vs female which is 4.4%. At vocational school, college and university level, the percentage of male completing the level is 14.9% vs female which is null. At secondary school, the percentage of male completing the level is 31.7% vs female which is 26.6%. At primary school level, the percentage of male completing the level is 8% vs female which is 5.8%. As the data from the household survey indicated, the higher the educational level is (primary school vs university), the lower level of participation the female is. 2.4.5 Health There are 37 health care facilities, including clinics and hospitals in the Projectareas. Each project commune has at least one health care clinic. The Dak Doa town, Dak Doa district, Kon Dong town of Mang Yang District and Chu Ty of Duc Co District, that have three health 58 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment care facilities each. There are also number of General hospitals at regional, provincial, city and district levels located along the NH19 as listed below: - Commune/ward/town clinic; - General Hospital of Tây Sơn District and Health Care Centre of Tây Sơn District are located along the section from Km 50-67 of NH 19; - An KhêTown General Hospital, An Khê Town Health Centre, Đắk Pơ District General Hospital, Đắk Pơ District Health Centre are located along the section from km 67-km 76 of NH19; - Mang Yang and Dak Doa Distric General Hospitals, Mang Yang and Đắk Đoa District Health centres are located along the section from Km132-Km155 of NH19; - Hoàng Anh Gia Lai Medical University Hospital, Gia Lai Province Hospital, Pleiku City Hospital, Duc Co District General Hospital, Duc Co District Health centre are located along the sections from Km 155-Km 241 of NH19; The 2016 Statistic Report of Department of Health of Binh Dinh and Gia Lai Provinces shows that the most common infectious diseases in the Project area are dengue fever (13,374 cases were recorded in Gia lai), influenza (24,290 cases in Gia Lai), and eye diseases (7,250 cases in Gia Lai and 76,075 cases in Binh Dinh). In addition, the report also recorded that malaria affected 575 patients in Gia lai and 8 patiens in Binh Dinh in 2016. 2.4.6 Trafic Accident In 2015, there were 37 traffic accidents on the sections of NH19 inBinh Dinh Province, with 27 people died and 21 injured. In the NH19 road sessions in Gia Lai Province, there were 243 traffic accidents, with 274 people killed and 148 injured. The accidents were caused by low traffic awareness of the road usersand partly degraded road quality. According to Official Letter No. 37/ATGT dated March 8, 2016 of the General Department of Roads, there were 11 black spots of traffic accident on the NH19, including the sections from Km 140 to Km144, from Km148+400 to Km152+7200, from Km 155 to Km 159+960, from Km190+500 to Km 191, Km 197, from Km 199 to Km200, from Km 202 to Km203, from Km 217+400 to Km218+600, from Km222+250 to Km223+200, from Km226 to Km228+350. The four sections that usually occur traffic accidents are from Km201+800 to Km202+200, Km203+100, from Km207+200 to Km207+600 and from Km213+400 – to Km213+700. 2.4.7 Physical Cultural Resources Along the road sections to be supportred under the project, there are members ofcultural and physical resources such as 1) Xa Than Temple (Song An commune, An Khe town, Gia Lai province, about 20-30m away from NH19) is a small local temple for worshipping Snake God, ritual ceremony is on February 20 every lunar calendar, (2) Cho Dong Market‟s church (An Binh, An Khe, Gia Lai, about 20m away from NH19), (3) Minh Chau Pagoda (Kong Dong town, Mang Yang district, about 20 m away from NH19), (4) Buu Tan Pagoda (Pleiku City, Gia Lai Province, 10 m away from NH19), (5) Duc Giang Pagoda (Pleiku City, Gia Lai Province, about 20 m away from NH19), Nguyen Son Pagoda, Khanh Thien Pagoda (Chu Prong District, Gia Lai Province, about 20 to 25 m away from NH19). In Gia Lai province, an estimated 20 graves (located in a cementery in Glar commune of Đăk Đoa District) would be potentially affected. These graves belong to Bahnar ethnic minority group. Consultation with the grave owners indicatethat the affected households support the project implementation and expect the appropriate compensation. Once the detailed design for 59 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment the subproject is available, inventory of loss and the detailed measures survey will be carried out to identify the exact number of graves to be affected. Relocation of the affected graves will be done on the basis of consultation with the affected households to meet theircustoms and habits of local peoples. Compensation payment for affected graves includes full costs associated with a) land for re-burial, b) excavation, c) relocation, d) reburial, e) construction of new tombs, and f) other reasonable related costs which are necessary to meet local customs. 2.5 Site-Specific Social and Environmental Conditions The most noticeable of socio-environment features along the Route of the Project are presented in Table 28. Table 28–Site-specific Features Along NH19 Station Current Status Delta area, Broad surface = 7-9m, some asphalted sections, low road base, there are existing vertical drainage ditch from km51+150 to km54+750. - Agricultral land, mainly for planting rice, sugarcane and cassava (Km52+100- Km53+200, Km 54+900-Km56+100), acacia and eucalyptus (km 58+300-Km59) Km 50 - Km - Curved, vision is limited from Km56 to Km58 - The sections pass through residential areas at 59 - Km 50+800-Km52+100: Ta Giang 1 residential area, Tay Giang commune, 10-15 meters from the road - Km53+200-Km54+900: Dong Pho residential area, Tay Giang commune, 7-10 meters from the road - Km56+100-Km57+400: Trung Son residential area, Tay Thuan commune, 10-15 meters from the road - Km57+700-Km58+300: Thuong Son residential area, Tay Thuan commune, 5-10 meters from the road -Sensitive sites on the route (see the map): - Binh Khe Feudal Working Place (Huyện Đường): about 500 m from NH19 - No 3 Tay Giang Primary School: 35 m from NH19 - Vo Lai High School: 40 meter from NH19 - Tay Giang Secondary School: 30 meter from NH19 - Binh Giang – Tay Giang Martyrs Cemetery: 180 meter from NH19 Km 59 - Km 67 An Khe Pass Area goes through high mountains and deep valleys. The route is along 60 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Station Current Status rocky and steep cliffs with many twists, corners with limited visions. High voltage lines of power of 220KV and 35KV run along the route with some intersections. L- shaped roadbed. - Agricultral land for planting casava, acacia and eucalyptus (km59-km67) - A Rescue Road at Km63+174 - 7-meter-wide traveled way, 9-meter-wide roadbed, many damaged sections. - Plantion forest areas locate along the An Khe bypass. And there are some landslide locations. - Flat plateau and low hilly area. Along the route‟s sides are fruit orchards, rice fields and residential areas. L-shaped and low roadbed. Select sections with vertical slop of about 10 percent adjacent to the An Khe Pass. A drainage ditch on the left handside, along the road is at the section from km 75+500 to km76. Km 67 - Km- 7-meter-wide road top, 10-meter-wide road embankment, heavily damaged (km72- 76 km76) - The sections pass through residential areas at - Km69+319-Km71: People‟s houses combined with agricultural land at An Thuong hamlet, Song An commune, 10-15 meter from the road - Km71+700-Km73+200: Thuong An residential area, Song An Commune, 10-15 meter from the road - Km73+364-Km76: No. 6 and No. 7 residential area, Ngo May Ward; 10-15 meter from the road - Sensitive objects along the route include: - Snake Temple: 20-30 meter from NH19 - Ngoc An Monastery, 15-20 meter from NH19 - Hoa Mai Kindergarten, 15-20 meter from NH19 - Tran Phu Primary School, 30 meter from NH19 - Tuoi Tho Kindergarten, 30 meter from NH19 An Khe By pass (13.7km long) New road to be constructed. The road will pass through paddy, vegetable and plantation land from Km0+700 to Km1+390 (mostly land for acacia and eucalyptus). The end of the route passes through residential areas. 61 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Station Current Status Km 76 - Km 82+200 An Khe Urban Town, densely populated area, relatively high traffic density, 14-meter- wide road surface, 24-meter-wide roadbed, good asphalted road - Residential area is 10-15 meter from National Road - Environmentally sensitive sites along the route include: 1.Mai Anh Kindergarten: 20 meter from NH19 2. Cho Don Church: 20m from NH19 3. Son Ca Kindergarten : 20m from NH19 7 meter-wide-road road topand 10-meter-wide road embankment. Heavily damaged road surface at the sections from km85 to km90. Agricultural land for sugarcane Km 82+200 - plantation (from km88-km90) Km 90 - The route passes through residential areas at:  Km82+200-Km83+854: Residential Areas of Tan Binh, Tan Son at Tan An commune, and An Hiep, An Binh at Cu An Commune, 10-15 m from the National Road  Km83+894-Km87: Residential Area of Tan Lap, Tan Dinh at Tan An Commune, Residential Area Chi Cong, Thuan Dong, An Dinh, An Hoa at Cu An commune, 10-15 m from the National Road  Km87+390-Km88+100: Residential Area of Dong Che, Tan An Commune, 10-15m from National Road - Sensitive sites along the road include: 1. Le Quy Don Primary School: 30 meter from National Road 2. Tuoi Tho Kindergarten: 20m from National Road 3. An Son Parish: 5-10m from NH19 4.An Sơn cemetery: 20m from NH19 62 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Station Current Status Km 131+300 - Km 135 - Passing through the residential area of Kon Dong, medium traffic density, 14-meter- wide asphalted road top, 24-meter-wide road embankment, good surface condition. - People‟s houses are 5-7 m from the road - Environmentally sensitive sites along the route include: 1. Chau Khe Parish: 25m from NH19 2. Minh Chau, 20m from NH19 3. Primary School of Kon Dong 1 Town: 30m from NH19 - Low hilly and slopy area, famrs of coffee and pepper along the route‟s sides (km143+800-km144+600, km147+200-km151+500), rubber (146+600-km147+200, km147+200-km151+500), pine tree forest. Low roadbed, 7-meter-wide road surface, 10-meter-wide roadbase. Km 135 - Km- The route passes residential areas at: 152+500  Km136+308-Km138: Residential Areas at Linh Nham – Dak Djrang commune; Residential areas and agricultural land, 10-15 m from the road  Km138-Km139+200: Tan Phu Residential Area, Dak Djrang, 10-15 m from the road  Km139+200-Km139+700: Nam Dat Residential Area, Dak Djrang, 7-10 meter from the road  Km139+900-Km143+800: Residential Areas of Cay Diep and Ha Long 2 – K‟ Dang commune, 7-10 m from the road  Km144+600-Km146+600: Cau Vang Residential Area, K‟Dang commune, 10-15 m from the road  Km147+200-Km152+500: Residential Area of Hamlet 1, 2,3 at Tan Binh commune, 15 meter from the road. - Sensitive sites along the route include: 1. Tran Phu Secondary School: 30m from NH19 2. K‟ Dang Kindergarten: 20 m from NH19 3. Tan Binh: 5-10m from NH19 63 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Station Current Status Km 152+500 - Km 155 Passing through Dak Doa town, 14-meter-wide alphalted road top, 24-meter-wide roadbase, densely populated area, medium traffic density. Good road surface. People‟s houses are 7-10 m from the road - Sensitive sites along the route include: 1. Hoa Mi Kindergarten: 20m from NH19 2. Nguyen Hue Highschool: 30m from NH19 3. Boarding Secondary School Dak Doa: 30m from NH19 4. Primary School No 2, Dak Doa Town, 50m from NH19 - A narrow road linking two cities, high population density along the two sides of the route, multiple continuous curves, small radius, potential risk of traffic accidents. The Km 155 - Km quality of the road surface is fine. 7-meter-wide road top, 10-meter-wide roadbase. 160 Main crops along the route are vegetables and rice (km 157+300-km157+700) - The rooa passes through residential areas at:  Km155+700-Km157+300: Residential Areas of Hamlet 1, 2, and 3 at An Phu Commune, 5-7 m from the road  Km 157+700-Km159: Residential Areas of Hamlet 5 and 6 at An Phu Commune (An Phu 2 Market at Km158+850); Residential households are 10-15m from the road  Km159-Km160: Residential Areas at the center of Chu A commune. The households are 15m from the road. - Sensitive sites along the route include: 1. An My Church: 30 m from NH19 2. Hoa Sua Kindergarten: 30m from NH19 3. Nguyen Khuyen Primary School: 20m from NH19 4. Buu Tan Pagoda: 10m from NH19 64 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Station Current Status Dak Doa Pleiku Bypass (Length of bypass is 13.2km) New bypass road is to be constructed, passing through agricultral areas planting rubber, pepper, coffee, rice and vegetables. Km 160- Km 167 - Pleiku city, densely populated area, relatively high traffic density, 21-meter-wide alphalted road top, 37-meter-wide road embankment. The road is still in a good status. - The people‟s houses are 10-15m from the road - Snsitive sites along the route is the Thien Phuoc Kindergarten: 20m from NH19 - 7-meter-wide road top, 9-meter-wide road embankment. The quality of road surface is Km 180 - Km still in good condition, except Km180 - Km182, Km195 - Km199 where the quality is 218+500 poor. Sparsely populated. - The route sessions from Km180-Km182+300, Km190-Km193+400 are forest land along both sides, 20 m from the road - The route passes through residential areas at  Km182+300-Km185: Residential Area of Hamlet 4. A Village, Gao Commune, people‟s houses at 15m from the road.  Km185-Km186+700: Dong Tam Residential Area, Bau Can Commune, people‟s houses are 15m from the road  Km187+700-Km190: Doan Ket Residential Area, Hoa Binh, Bau Can Commune, people‟s houses are 15m from the road  Km193+400-Km198: Residential Areas of Hamlet 1,2,3 and 4 – Thang Hung commune, people‟s houses are 15m from the road  Km198-Km199+100: Tan Lac Residential Area, Binh Giao commune, people‟s houses are 15m from the road 65 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Station Current Status  Km200+200-Km202+200: Thanh Binh Residential Area, Thanh An, Binh Giao commune, people‟s houses are 10-15m from the road  Km207+300-Km209+100: Thong Nhat Residential Area, Dong Tam, IA Din Commune, people‟s houses are 10-15m from the road  Km211+500-Km212+700: Thanh Tâm Residential Area , IA Krel; people‟s houses are 10-15m from the road  Km213+100-Km215+200: Residential Areas of Thanh Giao and Ngol Lel 1, IA Krel Commune; people‟s houses are 10-15m from the road  Km216+200-Km218+700: Residential Areas of IA Lam, Lam Tok and Khop, IA Krel commune; people‟s houses are 10m from the road.  Km218+700-Km222+800: Residential Areas at the center of Chu Ty town. The people‟s houses are 5-7 m from the road, mixed up with agricultural areas for casava, coffee, cashew nuts, pepper and tea. - Environmentally sensitive sites along the route include: 1.Don Hero Secondary School: about 30m from NH19 2. Po Lang Flower Kindergarten: about 20m from NH19 3. Rose Kindergarten: about 20m from NH19 4. Tran Quoc Tuan Secondary School: about 20m from NH19 5. Tran Phu Highschool: about 20m from NH19 6. Duc Giang Pagoda: about 20m from NH19 7. Duc Hung Parish: about 20m from NH19 8. Luong The Vinh Primary School: about 20m from NH19 9. Nguyen Son Pagoda: about 20m from NH19 10. Khanh Thien Kindergarten : about 20m from NH19 11. Hoa Binh Kindergarten: about 20m from NH19 12. Trung Vuong Primary School: about 20m from NH19 13. Thanh Binh Kindergarten: about 20m from NH19 145. Primary School of Thanh Binh hamlet: about 20m from NH19 15. Thanh Binh Church: 30m from NH19 16. Hung Vuong Primary School: 30m from NH19 17. Martyrs cemetery of Chu Ty town: 50m from NH19 Km 218+500 - Km 222 - Chu Ty Town, 13-meter-wide road top, road embankmentwidth from 17 to 21 meter. Densely populated area. Medium traffic sensitivity. People‟s houses are 10 -15m from the road. 66 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Station Current Status Km 222 - Km 241 - 7-meter wide road top, 9-meter wide road embankment, good quality road surface, sparsely populated. - The rooa passes through residential areas at:  Km222+500-Km222+800: Residential Areas No 7, Chu Ty town. The people‟s houses concentrateat the right hand side of the road and 7-10 meter from the road.  Km225+500-Km228: Residential Areas of Chu Bo 1 and Chu Bo 2, Ia Kla commune, people‟s houses are 7-10 from the road.  Km228+800-Km229+100: IAMUT Residential Area, IADOM commune; people‟s houses are 15m from the road.  Km231-Km232+800: Residential Areas of Mook Den and Mook Trang, O - Ia Dom commune, people‟s houses are 10-15 m from the road;  m235-Km236+300: Residential Areas of Bi village IaDom commune: people‟s houses are at 15m from the road. - Mixed with agricultural areas for coffee, rubber and casava - Environmentally sensitive sites along the route include: 1. Kim Dong Primary School: 30m from NH19 2. 18-4 Kindergarten: 20m from NH19 3. Nguyen Du Secondary School : 20m from NH19 4. Chu Van An Primary School: 20m from NH19 5. Nguyen Truong To Primary School: 30m from NH19 6. Martyrs Cemetery: 50m from NH19 7. Nguyen Trai Secondary School: 20m from NH19 8. Tran Phu Primary School: 20 m from NH19 2.6 Social and Environmental Conditions at the Ancillary Facilities 2.6.1 Disposal Sites Location Current Status Photo Km50+800 At the right side of NH19 and 50 m from Bau Sen Bridge. Agricultural land for planting rice and sugarcane. The area was reserved for building a residential area of Tay Giang Commune. There are no sensitive sites such as pagoda, church, school around this landfill. The nearest houses are at 30m from this position. 67 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Location Current Status Photo Km57+300 0.2 km from NH19 on the left hand side. Accesible through A 2.5 meter-wide dirt road. Emptyland with bushes and plantationforest (eucalyptus). No sensitive sites such as school, hospital or church. People‟s houses locate along NH19‟s sides and the closest house is 50m from the site. Km58+600 At the left hand side of NH19. Currently agricultural land for cassava. This area was reserved for building a residential area of Tay Thuan commune. No sensitive sites such as pagoda, church, hospital or school. People‟s houses at 50m from the site and at the other side of the road. Km58+800 At the left hand side of the NH19. Agricultural land for cassava. This area was reserved for residential area of Tay Thuan commune. There is no sensitive sites such as pagoda, church, hospital or school. The households locate at 50m from the site and at the opposite side of the road. However, there is an operating petroleum station adjacent to this landfill. Adjacent to 300 meter from the Pleiku Passby at the right hand Km4+500 of side. Empty land with bushes and small pine trees. Pleiku Passby Strongly eroded by water. Surrounding this area is agricultural farms of coffee and pepper. There is no sensitive site at this area and the closest people‟s houses locate at a distance of about 100m. Km199+500 - 50 meter from NH19 at the left handside. A low digging land, covered by bushes. Agricultural farms with main crops of coffee, cashew nuts, and pepper. No sensitive sites. The people‟s houses locate along NH19 and at a distance of 50 m from this area. Km230+650 0.2 km from NH19 at the right hand side. 2.5-meter- wide asphalted road. A football playground of IA Dom that is lower than the existing road. The local authority is planning to make a higher roadbed. This playground is not close to hospital, church or pagoda. The closest house is at 350m from this site. 68 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 2.6.2 Borrow Pits, Quarries and Mixing Stations Type Current Status Image Quarries Hieu Ngoc Rock Quarry located within the Industrial Complex of Phuc An, Tay Xuan Commune, Son District, Binh Dinh Province and at a distance of about 1.6km from NH19. The transpotation road is asphalted with a width of 6m passing a residential area. The rock quarry is far from sensitive sites and 150 meter from the closest people‟s house. Trang Duc Rock Quarry at Hra Commune and Dak Ta Ley Commune, Mang Yang District, Gia Lai Province is adjacent to National Road at Km118+800. Surrounding the rock quarry are agricultural land areas for planting coffee, pepper and pine trees. There is no sensitive site at this area and the closest house locate at about 1km from this area. - Gia Hai Rock Quarry is at Ngo May Ward, An Khe Town, Gia Lai Province. The quarry is 700 meter from the NH19 at the right hand side (Km74+800). The road is asphalted with a width of 4 meter and across residential areas. Surrounding this area is a vacant land with bushes. There is no sensitive site at this area and the closest people‟s houses locate at 500m far from this area. Thang Long Rock Quarry locates at Thong Nhat Ward, Pleiku City, Gia Lai Province. Asphalted and cement concreted road with many households locating at the two sides. Around the quarry are vacant land and agricultural land. There are no sensitivity sites such as school, hospital, church or pagoda in this area. The people‟s houses locate right at the gate of the quarry and at 500m from the exploitation area. Tan Vinh Phat Rock Quarry at IADOM Commune, Duc Co District, Gia Lai Province locates at the left hand side of NH19. Surrounding the quarry is land for rubber of local people. There is no sensitive site in this area. The closest house locates at 1 km from this area. Sand pits Hieu Ngoc Sand pit at Tay Xuan Commune, Tay Son District, Binh Dinh Province is 500 meter from the NH19 at the right hand side (Km39+400 QL19). The pit is adjacent to Con river and arounding by vacant land. There is no sensitive site in this area. The explotation site is at a distance of 400m from the closest house. A cement concrete and asphalted road with the width of 5m, adjacent to the residential area. 69 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Type Current Status Image Trang Duc Sand pit located at Ayun Commune and Dak Jo Ta Commune, Mang Yang District, Gia Lai Province. The pit is at the right hand side of NH19 (Km129). An 7km-long asphalted road across pine tree forest and residential area. Surrounded by agricultural and vacant land. There is no sensitive site at this area and the closest house is at a distance of 500m Borrow The pit of Hon Voi Mountain at Song An Commune, pits An Khe town is 3 km from the NH19 at the right hand side (Km74+800). The pit is about 100m from An Khue town‟s Pass by at Km3. Accessible through asphalted access road with the width of 4m. Densely populated density along the road. The pit locates on empty land that local people plant eucalyptus. Therefore, the pit is not close to any sensitive sites and at a distance of 400 m from the closest people‟s house. Borrow pit locates at Hamlet 76, Ha Bau Commune, Dak Doa District, Gia Lai Province. An asphalted road with the width of 4m and about 13 km from National Road at Km153+700. Empty land with mostly bushes and coffee farms. There is no sensitive site close the pit. The closest household is about 600 m from the pit. Borrow pit is 1.8 km from the NH19 at the right hand side (Km191+500). Accessible through 4-meter-wide dirt road passes through agricultural land for coffee and rubber. Surrounding the quarry are vacant land with bushes. There is no sensitive site close to the quarry. The closest household is 500m from the quarry. Borrow pit is adjacent to National Road at Km239+500, Ia Dom Commune, Duc Co District, Gia Lai Province. This vacant land is reserved for building an industrial zone of Duc Co District and in the process of land clearance. Surrounding this area are mainly rubber farms. There is no sensitive sites. The closest household is at a distance of about 1km. 70 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 2.6.3 Worker Camp Station Current Status Image Km56+800 An empty land is adjacent to NH19 within a residential area. The camp site is 20m from the people‟s houses. It is easy to access to power and water and water discharge. Mainly covered by bushes. Km67+600 An empty land is adjacent to the National Road and Song An Animal Quarantine. Around this site are agricultural land and timber trees. It is about 300 m from the people‟s houses. It is easy to access to power and water and water discharge. Intersection Agricultural residential area is adjacent to the between An Khe planned Pass by and next to the planned Pass by Passby and and DT 669 road. The site is 30 m from DT669 road households. It is easy to access to power and water and water discharge. Km147+700 Empty land is within a residential area and adjacent to NH19. Around the area are the people‟s houses at a distance of 20m. It is easy to access to power and water. Mainly covered by bushes. Bio Hamlet – Adjacent to the planned Pleiku Bypass and the Glare Commune surroundings are agricultural land. 30m from the (at Km4+500 on people‟s houses. It is easy to access to power and Pleiku Bypass) water and water discharge. Km183+100 Empty land within the residential area and adjacent to NH19. Surrounding are the people‟s houses at a distance of 20m. It is easy to access power and water and water discharge. 71 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Station Current Status Image Km223+100 Empty land adjacent to residential area and NH19. Surrounding are household at a distance of 50m. It is easy to access to power and water and water discharge. Mainly covered by bushes. Km231+700 Empty land is adjacent to residential area and NH19. Around are the people‟s houses at a distance of 50m. It is easy to access power and water and and water discharge. Mainly covered by bushes. 72 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment CHAPTER 3. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 3.1. Positive Impacts The Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP) is expected to bring about the following positive impacts: Improve Traffic Safety along the National Highway 19 (NH19). The upgradation and expansion of the NH19 will help to improve the quality of the roads, to eliminate “black spots” and create a separate lane for 2-wheeled vehicles, thereby enhancing the safety of the road users. The construction of An Khe and Pleiku bypasses will help reduce traffic load on the existing NH 19, especially the inflows of cars into cities/towns, contributing to improved road safety for these areas. The Project also helps to minimize landslide risks on An Khe Pass in rainy season through the strengthening of slopes to improve traffic safety. Improve drainage, reduced localised flooding after new drains are installated along the highway/ Positive Impacts on Socio-economic Development. The upgradation and expansion of NH19 sections will facilitate smoother travel and reduce travel time between the Central Highlands provinces and the coastal region, thereby boosting trading of goods within the area: Goods and materials would be transported to the Central Highlands provinces more quickly and conveniently, the selling of agricultural products such as coffee, rubber, sugar canes, etc. and other products grown in the Central Highlands to other provinces and for exports would also be more convenience, contributing to the region’s economic development. Creation of casual jobs and incomes for the local people during the construction phase. It is anticipated that the contractors would hire about 150 local workers during construction phase, generating employment opportunities and additional sources of income for these workers. 3.2. Potential Negative Impacts Beside the potential positive impacts that Project would bring about, some potential negative impacts and risks may also occur during the construction and operation phase of the Project which cover the the following main civil works: (1) Construction of 13.7 km An Khe Bypass including 6 bridges on the alignmnent; (2) Construction of 13.2 km Pleiku Bypass including 2 bridges; (3) Rehabilitation and upgradation of 110 km of selected sections along NH19, including Km50 - Km90, Km131+500 - Km160, Km180 - Km241 and construction/reconstruction of 8 bridges. The main activities that would be carried out during the construction phase include: - Land acquisition, site clearance; - Construction of site offices, storage areas, worker camps, mixing stations, etc.; - Mobilization of workers and machinery to the construction site; - Top soil excavation and removal, ground leveling, and transport the waste to the disposal site; - transportation, unloading and temporary storage of construction materials at the site; - Casting of drainage pipes, boxed drains and pillars; - Excavation and filling for road construction, install drainage - construction of bridges and transport the wastes to disposal sites; 73 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Backfilling, finishing, and site reinstatement. With these physical interventions, the potential negative impacts that may occur during the construction phase include: - safety risk related to UXO; - Land acquisition - dust, exhaust emissions, noise, vibration; - wastewater generation; - degradation of surface water quality; - increased erosion and landslides risks; - solid waste generation including small quantity of hazardous waste, - Obstruction or interruption to agricultural production activities, - cutting trees and removal of vegetation covers; - Community disturbance, including disturbance to traffic, accessibility, daily activities, and business due to construction activities; - social impacts related to mobilisation of the workers to the construction sites; - damages/degradation of existing infrastructure and related services such as roads, bridges, power supply, irrigation etc., - traffic disturbance and increase traffic safety risks; - increased bush fires risks; - Increased local flooding risks, - impacts on the existing culture/historical structures; - health risks and safety issues of the workers; and - public health and safety issues. There would also be some potential negative impacts and risks during operation phase, including: (i) dust, exhaust emissions, noise; (ii) increased traffic safety risks, particularly at the four new intersections and along the two new bypasses; (iii) separation between residential and agricultural land, (iv) impacts on natural drainage. 74 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Table 29 - Project Potential Negative Impacts Phase Physical environment Biological resources Social environment Others Drainage, hydrology Traffic disturbance Cultural, historical Soil, surface water UXO-related risks Social disturbance Air quality, noise, Health and Safety infrastructure and Land Acquisition Fragmentation of Trees, vegetation Hazardous waste Emissions from risks of workers production land Aquatic species landslides risks sedimentation, residential and Bush fire risks Traffic safety resettlement Impacts on Solid waste structures transport vibration Erosion, services Pre-construction M L L L L N N L N N M M N M M L L N L L Construction M M L S L M M L L M N L M L S M M M M M Operation N L N L N L L N N N N N N N N N N N M M The impacts are categorized as follows: - No (N) – Not affected - Low (L) - Low/small/partial/reversible /temporary impacts; - Medium (M) - impacts at medium level, most of which can be reversed or minimized, so still partial and temporary; - Significant (S) - irreversible or inability to be restored to its original status 75 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 3.2.1. Pre-construction Phase 3.2.1.1. Land Acquisition, Site Clearance In Binh Dinh province, the project will acquire approximately 19 ha of agriculture land from 188 land owners and 0.15 ha of rural residential land. In total, 810 persons in 180 households (HH) will be affected by land acquisition. Among these, 5 HH are belong to vulnerable group, 4 HH including 2 vulnerable HH will be relocated, 20 HH will lose both residential land and business, 70 HH will be affected due to loss of business. None of the affected HH would loose more than 10% of their total land holding. Four household to be reloated are in Tay Thuan commune. Their main income (50-70% of their total income) is livestock raising (cow, pig, chicken) and cultivation (eucalyptus, lemon, banana, coconut, longan, papaya). These four households would like to relocate on their own and asked for appropriate compensation and support to buy new land to continue their animal husbandry activities.The loss of social network is anticipated. This comes along also with loss of usual access to public services and it will take time for the affected family to adjust themselves to new living environment. Resettlement, however, may be a chance for the family to build new house and improved living condition. In Gia Lai province, the Project will acquired permanently approximately 181 ha of land including 5.5 ha of residential land, 174.5 ha of agricultural land and 0.7 ha of public land. 915 HH will be affected by residential land acquisition. Among these, 97 HH would be severely affected with 87 HH has to be relocated. 220 business households would be affected, among these are 10 vulnerable households. The Project would require to relocate 51 power poles at Km180-Km241 in Gao commune (Pleiku City), Binh Giao, Bau Can, Thang Hung (Chu Prong district), Ia Nan, Chu Ty, Ia Pnon, Ia Krieng, Ia Kla, Krel Krel, Ia Dom and Ia Din (Duc Co district). To minimize the potential impacts of land acquisition, the Project has prepared two Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) and two Ethnic Minority Development Plans (EMDPs) and estimated the costs for compensation and support to the affected families. The key contents of RAPs and EMDPs are summarized in Chapter 5 o this ESIA. 3.2.1.2. Safety Risks Related to Unexploded Objects (UXO) The Project area used to be affected by wars, therefore there is a risk that some UXO have been left at some locations in the 198 ha of land to be acquired by the Project. Deep excavation or filling of high slopes would take place during the construction phase along the An Khe and Dak Doa-Pleiku bypasses and the section from km155 to km160.Therefore safety risks related to UXO at these sections would also be higher than other areas. Incidents related to UXO during construction phase would lead to the loss of lives and property. To prevent safety risks related to UXO, the Project will arrange for mine clearance to be carried out before construction commencement with total estimated costs at 6.57 billions VND (approximately 300,000 USD) 3.2.2. Potential Negative Impacts and Risks of Construction Phase 3.2.2.1. Air Pollution During construction phase, dusts would be generated from the demolition of the existing structures, site clearance,top soil removal, excavation and filling, loading and unloading of granular materials and waste, temporary storageand transportation of these materials 76 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment etc.Exhaust gases such as NOx, SO 2, CO, CO2 vv would also be generated from the engines of trucks and construction plants. Noise, and vibration will also be generated from construction activities such as pile driving and compaction. a. Dust and Exhaust Gases Emission Dusts generated from demolition activities: The number and land area of structures to be demolished along each section of NH19 are shown in Table 30. Table 30 - Structures to be Demolished Km 50- Km 82 Km Km An Khe Km Pleiku 67 + 200 - 90 132-152 155-160 Bypass 180-241 Bypass Total Unit L= L= L= L= L= L = 5 km L = 61km 17km 7.8 km 20 km 13.7 km 13.2km Two-story House - - 2 - 1 - - 3 houses 2 m 136 54 190 Grade 4 House 4 11 8 18 30 8 11 houses 90 m2 152 908 629 2189 1682 197 358 6155 Temporary House - - - 6 5 1 12 houses m 2 221 180 82 483 TOTAL House 105 m2 6,828 Demolition of 105 houses on 6,828 m2 of land would generate some dusts. The structures to be demolished are scatterly distributed along the alignment of NH19, for example the most is 30 grade 4 houses along 13.7 km of the An Khe bypass, or 18 grade 4 houses along 5 km of the section from Km 155-160. Therefore the amount of dusts generated at each location would be limited, localised, at low level and last in relative short period of time. This local impact can be mitigated by commonly know method such as watering the materials before demolition and/or cover the areas/buildings to be demolished. Dust generated from Earthworks and Transportation: The volume of earthworks is presented in Table 31 below: Table 31 -Volume of Earthwork Km131- Km180- Category Unit Km50-Km90 An Khe Bypass Pleiku Bypass Km160 Km241 Excavation m3 679467 152428 340398 307453 949375 Filling m3 104971 80476 111372 284972 840637 Total m3 784438 232904 451770 592425 1790012 On average, excavation or filling of 1 m3 of soil will generate around 0,075 kg of dust, 10% of which is suspended dust10. Given the pollution coefficient E = 0,075 kg/m3, and based on construction schedule, the expected amount of dust spread in the air during excavation, filling and leveling is shown in Table 32. 10 Dr. Nguyen Khac Cuong. Environment in construction, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 2007 77 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Table 32 - Dust from Excavation and Filling Length of the Load Dust generated Duration Load No Route/section construction (kg/day) (kg) (months) (mg/m.s) section (km) 1 Km50-Km90 58833 33.8 12 188 0.19 2 Km131-Km160 17468 26 12 56 0.07 3 Km180-Km241 33883 61 12 109 0.06 4 An Khe Bypass 44432 13.7 12 142 0.36 5 Pleiku Bypass 134251 13.2 12 430 1.13 The figures presented in Table 32 above indicated that the amount of dusts generated would be the most in the area along the Pleiku and the An Khe bypasses. This is due to new road construction with large volumes of filling and excavation would take place along these two bypasses. Besides, a considerable amount of dust and emissions would also be generated from the operation of construction equipment and transport materials. Emission factor of the World Health Organization shows that the emission factor of trucks from 3.5 to 16 tons is 0.9G TSP/km.truck; 4.29S g SO2/km truck (according to Vietnamese technical specification (QCVN)01: 2007/BKHCN, S = 0.05%); 11.8g NO2 /km.truck, 60g CO/km.truck. Specifically, the total amount of dust and emission expected from operation of machinery and construction equipment is shown in Table 33 Table 33 - Amount of Dust and Gas emission from Fuel Consumption by Equipment Load (mg/m.s) No Category Traffic Load (trips/day) TSP SO2 NO2 CO 1 Km50-Km90 153 0.005 0.023S 0.063 0.319 2 Km131-Km160 57 0.002 0.008S 0.023 0.119 3 Km180-Km241 173 0.005 0.026S 0.071 0.360 4 An Khe Bypass 100 0.003 0.015S 0.041 0.208 5 Pleiku Bypass 284 0.009 0.042S 0.116 0.592 As can be seen from Tables 32 and 33, the total amount of dust and emissions generated from excavation and transport activities in each construction item are summarized in Table 34 below: Table 34 - Amount of Dust and Gas Emitted No Category Load (mg/m.s) TSP SO2 NO2 CO 1 Km50-Km90 0.2 0.023S 0,063 0,319 2 Km131-Km147 0.07 0.008S 0.023 0.119 3 Km180-Km241 0.07 0.026S 0.071 0.360 4 An Khe Bypass 0.36 0.015S 0.041 0.208 5 Pleiku Bypass 1.14 0.042S 0.116 0.592 Applying Gaussian model with assumption that wind speed during the dry season at 2.2m/s, during the rainy season at 2.8 m/s, calculation for the distance at 5 to 50m from the source of emission, we can calculate concentration of pollutants generated from excavation and transportation activities as follows: 78 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Table 35 - Forecasts of Exhaust Gas Emissions Forecast concentration by distance (*) (mg/m3) Parameter Season QCVN05:2013/BTNMT 5m 10m 25m 50m Km50-Km90 Dry 0.573 0.44 0.25 0.16 TSP 0.3 Rainy 0.45 0.35 0.20 0.12 Dry <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.000 SO2 0.35 Rainy <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.000 Dry 0.018 0.014 0.008 0.005 NO2 0.2 Rainy 0,014 0.011 0.006 0.004 Dry 0.091 0.070 0.040 0.025 CO 30 Rainy 0.072 0.055 0.032 0.019 Km131-Km160 Dry 0.2 0.154 0.088 0.054 TSP 0.3 Rainy 0.157 0.121 0.069 0.043 Dry <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 SO2 0.35 Rainy <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Dry 0.007 0.005 0.003 0.002 NO2 0.2 Rainy 0.005 0.004 0.002 0.001 Dry 0.034 0.026 0.015 0.09 CO 30 Rainy 0.027 0.021 0.012 0.007 Km180-Km241 Dry 0.2 0.154 0.088 0.054 TSP 0.3 Rainy 0.157 0.121 0.069 0.043 Dry <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 SO2 0.35 Rainy <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Dry 0.02 0.016 0.009 0.006 NO2 0.2 Rainy 0.016 0.012 0.007 0.004 Dry 0.103 0.079 0.045 0.028 CO 30 Rainy 0.081 0.062 0.036 0.022 An Khe Bypass Dry 1.03 0.79 0.45 0.28 TSP 0.3 Rainy 0.81 0.62 0.36 0.22 Dry <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 SO2 0.35 Rainy <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Dry 0.012 0.09 0.005 0.03 NO2 0.2 Rainy 0.009 0.007 0.004 0.003 Dry 0.06 0.05 0.026 0.016 CO 30 Rainy 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.01 Pleiku Bypass Dry 3.26 2.51 1.43 0.89 TSP 0.3 Rainy 2.56 1.97 1.13 0.70 Dry <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 SO2 0.35 Rainy <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Dry 0.033 0.026 0.015 0.009 NO2 0.2 Rainy 0.026 0.020 0.011 0.007 Dry 0.169 0.130 0.074 0.046 CO 30 Rainy 0.133 0.10 0.06 0.04 Table 35 shows that the concentrations of CO, SO2, NO2 at all construction sites would be within allowable limit. Dust level would be higher than allowable level (0.3mg/m3) at certain areas: 79 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Km50-Km90: Dust concentrations ranges from 0.12-0.57 mg/m3, and within 10m from source, dust level would be from 1.17 to 19.1 times higher than allowable limits. Some villages along Km 67-76 namely An Thuong, Thuong An of Song An Commune and Ngo May ward) would be affected by dust. Km131-Km160 and Km 180-241: Dust level would be always within allowable limit. An Khe Bypass: Dust concentrations ranges from 0.22 to 1.03 mg/m3. Particularly, within 5 m from source, dust level would be from 2.7 to 3.4 times higher than allowable limits; within 5- 10 m from source, dust level would be from 2.1 to 2.6 times higher than allowable limits, and within 10-25 m from source, dust level would be higher than allowable limits 1.2 to 1.5 times. Dust level in the area within 25-50 m from source always within allowable limits. As the Cu An, Song An and Ngo May residential areas are located only 10-15m, these would be affected with dust level would be 2 times higher than standard. Pleiku Bypass: Similar to the estimated dust concentrations for the An Khe bypass, dust level would be highest and exceed allowable levels in the areas within 5 m from source, at 8.5 to 1.01 times. Dust level along the Pleiku bypass is predicted to be higher than that along the An Khe bypass, and at distance of 50 m from source, dust level still exceed allowable limits 2.3 to 3 times.Some residential along this section would be affected as indicated in the site- specific impact assessment section. For pavement raking activities, dust generated on each section ranges from 56-430kg/day. At many sections along the Pleiku and An Khe Bypass, dust mainly affects the workers at the construction site as population density is low in these sections. Sections of existing NH19 running through numbers of residential areas, dust would also affect the people living along these sections where construction activities would take place. Cultural sites such as the Mieu Xa temple (in Song An commune), Cho Dong Church (An Binh, An Khe -Gia Lai), Minh Châu Pagoda (Kong Dơng town, Mang Yang district), Buu Tan Pagoda (Pleiku – Gia Lai), Duc Giang Pagoda (Pleiku – Gia Lai), Nguyen Sơn Pagoda, and Khanh Thien Pagoda (Chu Prong – Gia Lai) are located around 20-25m from construction sites thus the impacts of dust would be limited and mainly affect the access road area. It should be noted that the amount of dust and gas emission heavily depends on the number of machinery and vehicles working on the construction site, the amount of waste and materials temporarily loaded in the areas, wind and other climatic conditions. Therefore, the potential impacts of dust is mitigable by construction schedule and methods, particularly in densely populated areas like Pleiku city, Dak Doa and An Khe towns, Tan An residential area, An Cu commune, Kon Dong town, Dak Djrang, K’Dang, Tan Binh, An Phu, Chu Asian, Gào, Bau Can, Thang Hung Binh, Gao, IADin, IA Krel, Chu Ty, Ia Kla, Ia Dom. Therefore, dust level would be very high along the Pleiku bypass, high along the An Khe bypass, significant along the two new bypasses and at moderate level at other sections. Dust would have negative impacts on workers and public health, particularly in populated areas. Dust may also have negative impacts on plan growth. Dust can be minimized by various methods such as covering the trucks, minimizing the volume of materials and wastes stored temporarily at the site, cover materials loads, watering dusty areas etc. Therefore, the potential impacts of dust would be at moderate level. b. Noise During road construction, noise is generated from the operation of construction equipment and vehicles such as excavator, vehicles, cement mixers, etc. Noise levels generated by various types of construction plants and equipment are shown in Table 36 below: 80 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Table 36 - Typical Noise Level Generated from Construction Equipment Lmax No Type of equipment Lmax (dBA) No. Type of equipment (dBA) New road construction 23 Air compressor 78 1 Excavator 78 78 Excavator 78 2 Roller 83 83 Roller 83 3 Bulldozer 81 79 Concrete mixer truck 79 4 Truck tipper 77 81 Concrete pump truck 81 5 Excavator 81 81 Crane 81 6 Excavator with reverse bucket 80 81 Bulldozer 81 7 Leveling machine 85 77 Truck tipper 77 8 Sidewalk trenching machine 89,5 81 Excavator 81 9 Pavement concretizing machine 77,2 80 Excavator with reverse bucket 80 10 Paver 83 81 Power generator 81 11 Pump 77 85 Leveling machine 85 Road widening 35 Hammer drill (Handheld) 81 11 Roller 83 77 Pump 77 Soil scrapers (raking, 12 Bulldozer 81 84 84 dredging) 13 Truck tipper 77 81 Tractor 81 14 Paver 83 80 Steel bending machine 80 15 Excavator 78 83,7 Chainsaws 83.7 Cement and concrete mixing 16 Excavator 81 83,0 83.0 plant 17 Pavement raking machine 88.5 89,6 Concrete saw 89.6 Bridge construction 43 Flip bucket mixer 80 18 Vacuum road sweeper 81.6 101,3 Pile machine 101.3 19 Roller Compactor 80 89,5 Sidewalk trenching machine 89.5 20 Pile pressing machine 100.8 80,0 Pile drilling machine 80.0 21 Welder 74 83 Paver 83 22 Paver 83 77 Leveling machine 77 (*at distance of 15.24m from sources ) Source: Acoustical measurement in FHWA roadway construction noise model user's guide. FHWA-HEP-05-054, 1/ 2006. Total noise level is calculated by the formula 11L= 10lg Where: Lis the total noise level; Li is the noise level from source i; n is the total number of noise sources. Pile driving is the activity that generates highest noise level. Noise generated from construction sites is highest at bridge construction sites, which is at 77-82.6 dBA at 15.24m from source, at 77-81.5dBA along the bypass construction sites and road rehabilitation sites. Noise level generated from bridge expansion sites is 75-80.4 dBA, for the pavement rehabilitation is 76 to 80.5 dBA (compared to QCVN 26-2010/BTNMT of 70dBA during daytime and 55 dBA during night time). 11 Pham Ngoc Dang, 2003. Air environment. Science Publishing House 2003 81 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment The majority of residential areasalong the route are located at from 10 to 15m from the construction site, thus would be affected by noise as detailed in Table 37. For the construction of bridges along the NH19, the An Khe and Pleiku bypasses, noise level would exceed standard by 7-11.5 dB. For the expansion of existing NH19, the noise level exceeds by 6-11.5 dB. Table 37 - Noise Sensitive Receptors Distance to road/ Excess to allowable Residential area Locations bridge (m) limits (dB) Ta Giang 1 residential area - Tay Giang Km 50+800-Km52+100 10-15 7-11.5 commune Dong Pho residential area - Tay Giang Km53+200-Km54+900 7-10 >11.5 commune Trung Son residential area - Tay Thuan Km57+700-Km58+300 5-10 >11.5 commune An Thuong and An Thuong 2 Km69+319+Km71 10-15 7-11.5 residential areas - Song An commune Ngoc An Vihara Km68-km70 15-20 7-11.5 Hoa Mai Kindergarten Km68-km70 15-20 7-11.5 Thuowng An residential area - Song An Km71+700-Km73+200 10-15 7-11.5 commune Residential groups 6&7 - Ngo May Km76-Km73+364 10-15 7-11.5 ward Mai Anh preschool, Son Ca Km 80-km82 20 7-9 kindergarten, Cho Dong church Tan Binh, Tan Son residential areas - Km82+200-Km83+854 Tan An commune, and An Hiep, An 10 >11.5 Binh residential areas - Cu An commune Early Childhood Kindergarten Km83-km84 20 7-9 Chi Cong, Thuan Dong, An Dinh, An Km83+894- Km87 Hoa residential areas - Cu An 10 >11.5 commune and Tan Lap, Tan Dinh residential areas - Tan An Commune Dong Che residential area - Tan An Km87+390- Km88+100 10 >11.5 commune Minh Chau Pagoda Km131-km132 20 7-9 Kon Dong town Km131+300-Km136 6-7 7 Linh Nham residential area - Dak Km136+308- Km138 15 7 Djang commune Tan Phu residential area - Dak Djang Km138+Km139+200 15 7 commune Nam Dat residential area - Dak Djang Km139+200- 7-10 >11.5 commune Km139+700 Cay Diep and Ha Long 2 residential Km139+900- 7-10 >11.5 areas - K’Dang commune Km143+800 Cau Vang residential area - K’Dang Km144+600- 10-15 7-11.5 commune Km146+600 K’Dang Preschool Km145-km146 20 7-9 Hamlet 1,2, and 3 - Tan Binh commune Km147+200- 15 7 Km152+500 Tan Binh Kindergarten km149-km150 5-10 >11.5 Dak Doa town Km151+500- Km152+500 and 7-10 >11.5 Km155-Km157+700 Hamlets 1, 2 and 3 of An Phu Km155+700- 7-10 >11.5 82 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Distance to road/ Excess to allowable Residential area Locations bridge (m) limits (dB) commune Km157+300 Hamlet 5 and 6 residential areas - An Km 157+700-Km159 10-15 7-11.5 Phu commune Buu Tan Pagoda Km158-km159 10 >11.5 Chu A center residential area Km159-Km160 15 7 Hamlet 4 and Village A residential Km182+300-Km185 15 7 areas - Gao commune Dong Tam residential area - Bau Can Km185-Km186+700 15 7 commune Doan Ket and Hoa Binh residential Km187+700-Km190 15 7 areas - Bau Can commune Hamlet 1,2, 3 and 4 - Thang Hung Km193+400-Km198 15 7 commune Tan Lac residential area - Binh Giao Km198-Km199+100 15 7 commune Thanh Binh and Thanh An residential Km200+200- 10-15 7-11.5 areas - Binh Giao commune Km202+200 Thong Nhat and Dong Tam residential Km207+300- 10-15 7-11.5 areas - IA Din commune Km209+100 Thanh Tam residential area - IA Krel Km211+500- 10-15 7-11.5 commune Km212+700 Thanh Giao and Ngol Lel 1 residential Km213+100- 10-15 7-11.5 areas - IA Krel commune Km215+200 IA Lam, Lam Tok and Khop residential Km216+200- 10 7 areas - IA Krel commune Km218+700 Chu Ty town central residential area Km218+700- 5-7 >11.5 Km222+800 Residential area no.7-Chu Ty town Km222+500- 7-10 >11.5 Km222+800 Chu Bo 1 and Chu Bo 2 residential Km225+500-Km228 7-10 >11.5 areas - IA Kla commune IAMUT residential area - IA Dom Km228+800- 15 7 commune Km229+100 Mook Den, Mok Trang and O Km231-Km232+800 10-15 7-11.5 residential areas - IA Dom commune Bi village residential area - IA Dom Km235+Km236+300 15 7 commune Boi village - Glar commune Km4+300-Km4+700 on 5 >11.5 Pleiku Bypass Table 37 above indicates that some residential areas would be affected with noise level exceeding allowable level more than 11.5dB, particularly the Tan An and Cu An communes of Dak Po district has the most number of residential areas that would be affected by high noise level exceeding allowable limits from 11.5 dB. Noise disturb listening, learning and recreation activities, affecting sleeps of people, particularly aged people. Long lasting high noise may also cause stress to people. Workers exposed to high noise level regularly or in long duration may be affected decreased hearing ability or deaf. Noise level generated from construction activities would exceed standard at number of locations discussed above, however, most of the construction activities that generate high level of noise would last in a relative short period, not continues. The level of noise reduced with increased distance from source. The level of noise impacts varies by aged group, baseline noise level, time of the day noise is generated, frequency and duration, and 83 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment awareness of the affected people. Therefore, the potential impacts of noise if at low to moderate level, and mitigable by scheduling construction activities to avoid most sensitive hours in the day such as late at night or early in the morning, regularly maintain construction equipment and install mufflers to reduce noise generation, or provide ear plugs to the workers working at the construction sites. b. Vibration Vibration levels generated from construction plants such as compactors, excavators, bulldozers, trucks, road rollers, etc. can be calculated as follows: L = L0– 10lg (r/r0) – 8.7a (r – r0) (dB) Whereby: - L is vibration at a distance "r"; - L0 is vibration at a distance “r0”. Vibration at a distance r0= 10m is generally acknowledged as the source vibration; - a is the intrinsic vibration decreasing coefficient against the clay ground and approx. 0.5. Calculated vibration levels are presented in Table 38 below: Table 38 - Vibration Levels by Distance from Construction Equipment Source Vibration decreasing levels with distance vibration (r0= 10m) r=12m r=14m r=16m r=18m No Equipment Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) 1 Excavator 80 1,72 70,5 0,58 61,1 0,20 51,9 0,07 42,6 0,02 2 Bulldozer 79 1,53 69,5 0,51 60,1 0,17 50,9 0,06 41,6 0,02 3 Heavy truck 74 0,86 64,5 0,29 55,1 0,10 45,9 0,03 36,6 0,01 4 Roller 82 2,17 72,5 0,73 63,1 0,25 53,9 0,08 44,6 0,03 Air 81 1,93 71,5 0,65 62,1 0,22 52,9 0,08 43,6 0,03 5 compressor QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT, allowing 75dB levels from 6 - 21h and ambient level from 21h -6h. DIN 4150, 1970 (Germany), 2mm/s: no damage; 5mm/s: Mortar flaking; 10mm/s: likely to damage the bearing power; 2040mm/s: damage to the bearing power. The above suggests that, beyond 10m distance from construction equipment, vibration level is within the permitted limit set by QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT. Road compaction and pile driving are likely the most popular activities that cause vibration during construction phase of the project. Vibration cause people to feel uncomfortable or even unsafe. As the majority of households located along NH19 are distance of 15 - 30m from the construction sites, the potential impacts of vibration onto local residents would be limited. Vibration may also affect the stability of existing structures. There are existing structures that such as grade 4 (one story) houses/buildings located within 5-10 m from road expansion construction sites in Dong Pho residential of Tay Giang commune, the Trung Son in Tay Thuan commune, Kon Dong Town, Nam Dat in Dak Djang commune, Cay Diep and Ha Long 2 in K’Dang commune, Dak Doa town, IA Lam, Lam Tok and Khop residential areas - IA Krel commune, Chu Ty town, Chu Bo 1 and 2 residential area - IAKLA commune, Tan Binh, Buu Tan Pagoda kindergartens etc. 84 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Particularly, Villages 1, 2 and 3, An Phu commune located in the section where the road will be widened from 7 to 16 m with road base extended from 10 to 21m, i.e. the road will be expanded 5.5m at each side, just beside some existing houses and structures. Weak existing structures along this section may be at risk of being cracked due to vibration. The level of vibration can be minimized through construction methods, such as the use of static Some weak structures along Km155-160 compaction instead of vibrating compaction. Supports can also be installed to protect the weak structures from subsidence. 3.2.2.2. Wastewater Generation During construction phase, wastewater would be generated from worker camps, storm water runoff would appear at the construction sites including material preparation yards. If not properly managed, it can result in water contamination, unsanitary conditions and spreading pathogens from water. a. Domestic Wastewater from Worker camps It is estimated that about 450 workers would be mobilised during construction phase of the project as shown in Table 39. According to Vietnamese Construction Codes (TCXDVN) 33:2006 applicable to towns, industrial - agricultural centers, - industrial - fishery centers, and rural populace, on average each person uses 100 liters of water per day. The amount of wastewater generated accounts for 80% of water supplied. The total volume of wastewater generated during 24 months of construction on each site is estimated in Table 39 below. Table 39 -Estimated Volume of Wastewater Generated Number of Volume of Wastewater Generated (m3) Camp sites Workers Per day Per Month 24 months Km50-Km67 Km56+800 30 2.4 72 1,728 Km67+600 20 1.6 48 1,152 Km82-Km90 Km67+600 30 2.4 72 1,728 At Km12 in An Khe 20 1.6 48 1,152 bypass An Khe bypass Junction between An Khe bypass and ĐT669 50 4 120 2,880 (Km4+500) At Km12 in An Khe 30 2.4 72 1,728 bypass Km132- Km147+700 40 3.2 96 2,304 Km160 Boi village- Glar commune at Km4+500 60 4.8 144 3,456 on Pleiku bypass Pleiku bypass Boi village-Glar commune at Km4+500 30 2.4 72 1,728 in Pleiku bypass Km183+100 40 3.2 96 2,304 Km180- Km183+100 20 1.6 48 1,152 Km241 Km223+100 40 3.2 96 2,304 Km231+700 40 3.2 96 2,304 85 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment With 20-50 workers living at each camp, 1.6 to 4.8 m3 of wastewater would be generated each day or 48-144 m3 each month from each camp site. Although construction period is 24 months, it is expected that not all of the workers would be at the sites during all 24 months thus the amount of wastewater generated in 24 months in practice would be less than the figures in the last column of the Table 39 above. However, the total amount of wastewater generated at each camp site during 24 months would be still relative large, would be one to three thousands cubic meters. Based on WHO’s load factor of urban sewage contaminants, published in 1993, Vol.1. “Rapid Assessment Methods”,the amount generated and concentration of pollutants in wastewater are as follows: Table 40 - Volume of Wastewater and Concentration of Pollutants Volume* Concentration QCVN No Pollutant (g/person/day) (mg/l) 40:2008/BTNMT, column B 1 BOD5 45-54 562-675 50 2 COD 72-102 900-1275 - 3 Suspended solids 70-145 875-1812 120 4 Lubricant 10-30 125-375 20 5 Total nitrogen 6-12 75-150 - 6 Ammonium 2.4-4.8 30-60 10 7 Total Phosphorus 0.8 - 4.0 10-50 - Source: (*) WHO, 1993 Table 40 shows that the concentrations of pollutants such as BOD5, ammonia, total phosphorus, TSS, lubricant in wastewater would be high and exceed standard. The relative large volume of wastewater would mainly generate from the workers‟ camps. Such wastewater contains pollutants exceeding standard, if not managed properly, would make the areas surrounding the camps become unhygienic, causing nuisance, surface water pollution.Stagnant wastewater would become breeding ground of mosquitoes and affect the health of the workers and the public. Wastewater from workers camps is manageable by piped or closed drains, and treatment tanks installed together with kitchen, bathroom and sanitation facilities. b. Stormwater Runoff Rainfall runoff is calculated in accordance with TCXDVN 51: 2008/BXD as follows: Q = q.C.F Where: Q - Flow calculated (l/s); F - The catchment area of the storm water (area of the construction site); C - Flow coefficient(for project areas at a slope from 2% - 7%, and frequency of rainstorm P = 5 years): 0.4; q - rainfall intensity (l/s.ha) and is calculated using the formula: A.(1+C.lgP) q = ------------------------------- (l/s.ha) (t+b)n Whereby: t - duration of rainfall (average): 60 minutes; P - Repeating cycle of the calculated rain (years): 5; A, C, b, n: parameters determined in accordance with local rain intensity (according to Annex II, TCXDVN 51: 2008/BXD, in Gia Lai are A = 8800, C = 0.49, b = 29 and n = 0.82 ). q = 385.3l/s.ha According to WHO (1993), the concentration of pollutants in storm water is as follows: Total 86 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Nitrogen from 0.5 - 1.5mg/l, Phosphorus: 0.004 to 0.03 mg/l, COD: 10-20 mg/l, SS: 10-20 mg/l. Storm waterrunoffrunning through construction sitesmay lead to sedimentation in drainage channels and localized flooding. It may also cause increases in turbidity and suspended solids at the receptors. Storm water runoff at the construction site can be estimated as follows: - Km50-Km76: the area is 59.8 ha, calculated storm water runoff flow rate is around 9.2m3/s. Along this route is mainly agricultural land for rice, sugarcane, cassava and some drainage ditches. Therefore, if filling/excavation from road expansion are not properly managed, they may follow surface runoff to cause sedimentation in agricultural land, drainage channels and affect crop productivity. Materials generated from road excavation may also cause blockage of existing drains. - Km82+200-Km90: the area is 18.4ha, calculated surface runoff flow rate is at 2.8m3/s. Sugar cane farms along the road may be affected by turbidity in surface runoff running through construction sites. - An Khe Bypass: the area is 31.5ha, calculated s runoff is around 4.8m3/s. Surface runoff through construction sites may cause increases in turbidity and sedimentations at water bodies along the road such as the Da Lat Spring at Km0 + 155, the Da Spring at Km3 + 569, the Voi Spring at Km3 + 810, the Ba River Km6 + 108, the Don 1 Spring Km8 + 905, and the Don 2 Spring at Km9 + 260. - Km132+500-Km160: the area is 64.4ha, calculated runoff is 9.9m3/s. If not drained properly, stormwaterthat contains high solid contents from construction sites may cause localised flooding in urban areas along the route such as Kon Dong, Dak Doa, Pleiku. - Pleiku Bypass: the area is 30.4ha, calculated surface runoff is 4.7m3/s. Rainwater can contribute additional turbidity to some water bodies along the route such as the Le Can stream at Km2+600, the An My 1 stream at Km7+900 and An My 2 steam at Km16+500. - Km180-Km241: the area is 140ha, calculated surface runoff is 21.6m3/s. Stormwater containing impurities from construction sites may affected residential areas. The main potential impacts related to surface runoff is localised flooding and washing off the wastes and materials from construction sites, causing sedimentation along drainage channel and at the receptors. Creation of proper drains with sedimentation traps, regularly maintain them, and protect materials and wastes from surface runoff would help to reduce the potential negative impacts of surface runoff. c. Bentonite generated from Bridge Construction sites The Project would reconstruct eight bridges along the existing NH19 and build eight new bridges along the two bypasses. Betonite solutions will be used for the construction of abutment foundations, piers and bored piles. During this construction phase, relative large amount of bentonite solution with high solid contents will be generated as shown in Table 41. It is noticeable that the the volume of bentonite generated from construction sites of some shorter bridges may be greater than that from longer bridges. In particular, the largest volumes of bentonite would be generated from the construction sites of the Vang (244 m3) and the Le Can bridge (277 m3) although the length of the bridges (or the correlative width of the streams) are relative small, at 24 m only. The amount of betonite generated at the Bau Sen bridge (which is only 9 m long on a narrow stream) construction site is estimated at 76 m3, which is relative high compare to other larger streams. This is due to the amount of bentonite generated not only depending on the number of piles to be drilled but also their depths. 87 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Table 41 - Volume of Bentonite Generated from Bridge Construction Sites Bridge Bàu Sen Ba La Ta Ly Thầu Dầu Length (m) 12 99 24 48 Bridge Location (Km) 50+578 51+152 83+894 87+390 reconstruction Betonie Vol. (m3) 76 177 90 139 along existing Bridge Linh Nham Vàng Lệ Cần An Mỹ NH19 Length (m) 48 24 24 33 Location (Km) 136+308 144+400 149+045 156+570 Volume (m3) 139 244 277 140 Bridge Đá Lật Suối Đá Suối Vôi Sông Ba Length (m) 33 99 33 99 An Khe Bypass Location (Km) 0+155 3+569 3+810 6+108 Volume (m3) 123 209 123 250 Bridge Dồn stream 1 Dồn stream 2 Length (m) 33 33 Location (Km) 8+906 9+260 Volume (m3) 123 123 Bridge An Mỹ 1 An Mỹ 2 Pleiky bypass Length (m) 33 99 Location (Km) 7+900 16+500 Volume (m3) 112 172 d. Wastewater from Maintenance of Construction Equipment Wastewater from the maintenance of construction equipment does not only contain oil but also high contents of solids. Table 42 presents the estimated volume and quality of wastewater generated from the maintenance of construction equipment Table 42 - Amount of wastewater from equipment maintenance Amount Concentration of Pollutants Type of Wastewater (m3/day) COD (mg/l) Oil (mg/l) SS (mg/l) From equipment 2 20 - 30 - 50 - 80 maintenance From equipment washing 5 50 - 80 1.0 - 2.0 150 - 200 From equipment cooling 4 10 - 20 0.5 - 1.0 10 - 50 Total 11 30 - 49 0.6 - 1.3 81 - 124 QCVN40:2011/BTNMT, column B 100 10 100 The figures given in Table 42 shows that the contents of COD, oil in wastewater generated from maintenance, cleaning and cooling of construction equipment is within allowable limits set in QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column B and SS contents may exceed standard. In practice, equipment maintenance are ususally not carried out on-site but in registered workshops with their own drainage system. Level of Impact: moderate and manageable 3.2.2.3. Surfacewater Quality Degradation The volumes and quantity of the wastewater from workers‟ camps, stormwater runoff running through construction sites, and bentonites from bridge construction sites discussed in the previous section may affect the receptors or water bodies at the construction sites. Domestic wastewater, if not properly managed, would mainly contribute additional BOD, nutrients and pathogens to the receptors. Surface runoff through construction sites would 88 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment mainly lead to increase turbidity and suspended solids. As the main contents of bentonite is clay, bentonite, if not properly managed, would also mainly cause increased turbidity at the receiving surface water bodies. Baseline data on surfacewater quality of the Ba La and Song Ba rivers ( Chapter 2) shows that TSS contents in rainy season (46.4 - 47.3 mg/L) nearly reach applicable allowable limits (50 mg/L). Although baseline water quality is limited, it was observable that the river water in the region are generally very turbid in due to high erosion potentials in the catchment. Therefore, significant addition of solids from construction sites may lead to TSS contents in water bodies in Project area exceeding standard. As the water bodies in the Project areas is mainly for drainage and irrigation, water quality degradation would mainly cause sedimentations in drainage/irrigation channels. Limited aquatic flora and fauna in these water bodies may also be affected. 3.2.2.4. Erosion and Landslide Risks As described in Chapter 2, the annual rainfall in the Project area is relative high. On the other hand, topographically, the sections from Km59 - Km67 (on An Khe Pass) and Km203 - Km205 of the existing NH19 are steep with many slopes thus subjected to relative high erosion potentials and landslide risks. Six locations on the An Khe Pass have been identified that landslides usually happen in October – November every year.This risk would be even increased during the construction phase to modify some curvy sections on the An Khe pass (Km59-Km67) and to lower the slopes. .. Construction sites of An Khe and Pleiku Bypasses are on fairly complex terrain, mostly passing steep hillsides and separated by valleys, rivers and streams. Erosion potential and land slide risks is highest at the sections where deep excavation or high filling would take place, particularly: - On the An Khe Bypass, excavation to 3-4 m deep along 1500 m of Km 0-Km 5, and to 6 m deep along 160 m at km 6+640-Km 6+800, and filling to 2.5 to 7.5 m along 1400 m at Km 0-Km 9+650; - On the Pleiku bypass, excavation to 6 m along 700 m from Km 16+100-16+800 and filling from 2-4 m at other locations; Erosion and landslides risks, which usually higher during rainy season and unstable slopes, would threat the safety of the workers, traffic means on the roads, and communities. Farmland may also be buried. Level of Impact: at moderate level and can be controlled by mitigation measures and construction schedule. 3.2.2.5. Solid Waste Generation a. Waste from demolition of existing structures Solid wastes generated from demolition of existing structures would mainly be the concrete from 8 bridges, however, the estimated volume is not available. In addition, it is estimated that 2,100 tons of solid waste would also be generated from the demolition of existing structures along the alignments including the three 2-storey houses, 90 single story houses, 12 temporary houses. Concrete, brick and mortarfrom structure demolition are often reused for leveling, steel scrap is sold for reuse or recycling. b. Construction Waste During construction phase, construction waste generated mostly from the excavation and removal of top soil for new roads construction or expansion, or from raking of the existing 89 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment road surface for asphalt paving, excavation for abutments and piers construction etc. The contractor would reuse part of the excavated soil (50-60%) for filling, and the remaining volume of excavated materials would need to be dealt with. The estimatedvolumeof solid waste generated during the construction of each section is follow: - km50-km90: 305,568 m3 of excavated materials and 53,343 m3 top soil; - km131-km160: 16,772 m3 of excavated materials and 8,062 m3 top soil; - km180-km241: 209,150 m3 of excavated materials and 19,876 m3 top soil; - An Khe Bypass:309,207m3 of excavated materials and 112,381m3 top soil; - Pleiku Bypass:69,554 m3 of excavated materials and 39,184 m3 top soils. Thus, the estimated volume of solid waste generated is 1,117,743 m3 of excavated materials and 152,340 m3 top soil. The top soil removed during construction will be used by local people for filling low laying areas or agricultural land. Other construction waste would be used by local authority for leveling sites needed in accordance with local land use plan. The remaining solid waste will be temporarily loaded along the route before being transported to the approved disposal site along NH19 in accordance with the environmental management plan presented in Chapter 6. a. Domestic Solid Waste It is estimated that each person would generate 0.5 kg of solid waste per day. Therefore, the amount of solid waste generated at each camp site would be as indicated in Table 43 below: Table 43 - Estimated Solid Waste Generation Solid Waste Generated (kg) Camp sites Number of workers Per day Per Month 24 months Km50- Km56+800 30 15 450 10,800 Km67 Km67+600 20 10 300 7,200 Km82- Km67+600 30 15 450 10,800 Km90 At Km12 in An Khe bypass 20 10 300 7,200 An Khe Junction between An Khe bypass bypass and ĐT669 50 25 750 1,8000 (Km4+500) At Km12 in An Khe bypass 30 15 450 10,800 Km132- Km140+700 40 20 600 14,400 Km160 Boi village- Glar commune at Km4+500 on Pleiku 60 30 900 21,600 bypass Km180- Km183+100 20 10 300 7,200 Km241 Km223+100 40 20 600 14,400 Km231+700 40 20 600 14,400 As shown in Table 43 above, each day 10-25 kg of domestic solid waste would be generated from each camp site. The volumes of wastes to be generated each month would be from 300 to 900 kg, depending on the number of workers living at each site. As the figures given in the last column above was calculated for the case of maximum number of workers staying at each camp site during 24 months, the actual of solid waste generated 90 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment during 24 month would be less. Nevertheless, the amount of wastes generated from each camp site would be relative large after 24 months, at least several tones. Solid waste would generate bad odour, cause nuisance to the public, attract vermin, has potential to cause water and soil pollution. If not properly managed, solid wastes may affect the health of the workers and the people living near the camps. As solid waste collection service have been available in most of the residential areas along the NH19 and mitigation measures can be applied during temporary storage of the garbage, the potential impacts of domestic waste would be manageable. Level of Impact: at moderate level and can be controlled by mitigation measures. 3.2.2.6. Hazardous Materials Some hazardous materials such as fuel and oil would be stored at the site.Hazardous waste generated includes waste oil, oily rags, oil containers. The amount of waste oil generated during construction process depends on the following factors: - Number of vehicles and construction equipment on construction site - The amount of oil discharged from the transportation and construction - Frequency of oil change and maintenance of construction equipment On average, the amount of oil discharged from the transportation and construction equipment is 7 liters/time. Frequency of oil change and maintenance of construction equipment is every 3 months at the maximum. As presented in Chapter 1, the number of vehicles and construction equipment requiring oil replacement used for the project is 290 vehicles, therefore, the amount of waste oil generated per month would be (290 vehicles x 7 liters)/3 = 677 liters. In addition, the project also generates waste grease rags and grease container estimated at 200kg/month. In practice, vehicle and equipment maintenance including oil change would be carried out at workshops, and repair would be carried out on-site only in emergency cases. Therefore, the amount of hazardous wastes generated at the construction sites would be very limited. Even small quantity, if not properly managed, hazardous waste would pose adverse impacts on soil and water pollution. The potential impacts related to hazardous materials is at moderate level and can be controlled with mitigation measures 3.2.2.7. Impacts on Agricultural Production There are crop land such as rice fields, sugarcane, cassava, rubber, pepper, tea, etc. along the existing NH19. The potential impacts of construction activities on these agricultural land include: - Transportation, loading and unloading, temporary loading of construction materials may obstruct access to crop land of farmers; - excavated and filled areas may cause difficulties for the movements of the farmers, machineries and animals; - Crop productivity may be affected by dusts from construction materials and wastes; - Crop land and irrigation/drainage canals may be filled up by construction materials and wastes if not properly managed. That may lead to disturbance to irrigation service or drainage function of the affected canals. The potential impacts on agricultural land would be highest during seedling or harvesting period. These impacts are mitigable by careful operation of construction activities and provision of temporary access or prioritising the construction of alternative permanent access 91 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment to farm lands. 3.2.2.8. Impacts on Biological Resources The Project would not cause any significant impacts on terrestrial biological resources as the Project area is not environmentally sensitive. The nearest environmental sensitive areas, the Kon Ka Kinh National Park and the Kon Cha Rang nature reserve are 20-50 km from the project area. Some small sections of the An Khe bypass run through eucalyptus and acacia plantations.A total of1.6 ha of acacia and eucalyptus plantations will be acquired for bypass construction. However, the areas of plantation are scatterly distributed along the four sections from Km0+150 to Km0+400 (250 m long), Km0+750 to Km 1+150 (400m long), Km 1+600 to Km 2+200 (800 m long) and Km 2+400-Km 3+800 (1.6 km long). With small strips of vegetation to be cleared along each section, the direct potential impacts on terrestrial biologyl would be very limited and compensable. On the other hand, during construction phase, there is a risk that that the existing vegetation cover and the trees are over cleared or damaged by activities such as temporary loading of materials and wastes. Some area of existing vegetation cover would also be disturbed or damaged by activities such as loading of materials and wastes, camp and site office construction etc. Such potential impacts can be avoided or minimized. The potential impacts on aquatic lives would also be limited. As discussed earlier, bentonite solution generated from drilling activities at bridge construction sites may lead to increases in water turbidity thus could affect negativily on aquatic species, particularlythe benthic. Some aquatic species may also be affected by drilling and excavation activities for the constuction of bridge abutments. However, this risk is small as pile drilling period is relative short,construction areas under water are usually bound and thus bentonite would be collectable. and there is no know valuable aquatic species in the project area. Habitat lost woud be limited at the areas of pile and abutment construction ares which is estimated at about 40 m2 (at each pile in the Ba river and Suoi Da where two 99 m long briges will be constructed). Habitat lost at short bridge construction sites would be negligible as there will be no pile constucted on waterway but only two abutements will be built on on the two banks of the stream. Level of Impact: small, mitigable and can be controlled by mitigation measures. 3.2.2.9 CommunityDisturbance There are 330 household businesses located along the sections of existing NH19 to be upgraded/expanded, concentrated in in urban areas such as An Khe town, Chu Ty, Dak Doa and other populated residential area. These businesses would mainly be affected by temporary, short term construction impacts such as dust and noise. Impacts on accessibilityto roadside structures due to road expansion and/or drainage installation would be marginal the businesses are usually located at some distance from roadside, and construction period at each section would also be relative short. The potential impacts on the roadside businesses can be mitigated further by avoiding loading and unloading of materials and wastes near the shops and clean up construction areas regularly. Roadside households would be disturbed by dusts, noise, temporary reduced accessibility to their housesalong the road, traffic disturbance, and increased traffic and safety risk. Some services such as water and power supply may be cut off for poles/pipes relocation. Accessibility to the surrounding areas of the households living along the bypasses will be disturbed or even disrupted, particularly along the sections where deep excavation or high 92 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment filling would take place. They may also be affected by dust, noise, vibration. These potential impacts are unavoidable, however, manageable by informing the affected communities about construction schedule in advance, site- management measures and reconnect the affected services as soon as the relocation is completed. 3.2.2.10 Social Disturbance Related to Mobilisation of Workers As indicated in Section 1.7.1, the number of workers living at each camp varies f rom 30 to 80 people. It is expected that only the workers will reside at the camps and there will be no followers. The number of workers coming to work in the Project and stay in each camp is very small in comparison to the existing population of local communities which ranges from approximately 2500 people ( Chư H‟Đrông commune of Pleiku city to over 11,000 people. Therefore, no siginificant variation in population of the project communes is expected due to the Project. Most of the camp sites are located between 20 to 50 m from the nearest houses, except that the camp site at Km 67+600 is 300 m from the nearest residential houses.The houses are located within 5-15 m from the roadside where construction will be taking place thus there would be some interactions between the workers and local residents. On the other hand, as discussed above, construction activities may cause negative environmental impacts such as dust, noise and nuisance to communities located at road side. On the other hand, worker‟camps will generate solid wastes and wastewater which may lead to environmental pollution if not managed properly. Due to limited construction activities and areas, worker camps may not be required for construction of the storm water pump station, stormwater and wastewater sewers, tertiary sewer lines. The main potential social problems associated with worker camps could be: (i) potential impact of spreading infectious disease from employees to local communities and vice versa; (ii) potential impact of prostitution, drugs and gambling; (iii) potential conflict between workers and local communities because of differences of culture, behavior; and iv) sexual abuse and assault of girls due to influx of workers employed by the construction company in the area. However, with the shortage of labor for the construction, local workers in the city will have the opportunity to participate in the construction. Therefore, the impact is assessed as moderate. Public consultation conducted in Binh Dinh province shows that local communities are aware of the fact that there will be workers from other places to come and live in their locality during construction.While some residents said that there may be conflicts between workers, causing disturbance in the area, several community members believes there will be no conflict and inconvenience caused to local people due to labour influx. With regards to shared use of water sources and public assets, community is worried about increased pressure on water resources and common property of people in the area. Most peoples that there is no big worry about security/social order when workers are present in the locality, however, there may be conflicts between workers and local youth as workers may drink, engage in gambling, or involved in theft. Community also consider that transmission of HIV/AIDS, and/or STI could be a potential issues among workers themselves with possibility of impact on local communities.In terms of housing, community representative viewed that the workers would typically have construction camps to live in but they could also rent local houses or a part of peoples houses if needed to help creating some temporary additional income for local households. Therefore, social consflict risk is expected to be relative small and manageable. Social conflict risks would be further mitigated by the development and application of workers‟ 93 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment codes of conducts, and camp management measures, recruitment of local labour for simple works in the project, provision of trainings for the workers on environment, safety, health including awareness raising on HIV/Aids.Other measures discussed/proposed for social conflict management during public consultation will also be incorporated into camp and labour management measures presented in the ESMP and these will be incorporated into construction contracts. 3.2.2.11 Impacts on Existing Infrastructure and Related Services 16-ton trucks will be used to transport the construction materials to construction sitesand the wastes to disposal sites. Such heavy trucks would cause degradation to existing local roads, particularly the existing local roads that would be used as access to the bypasses. Some existing irrigation canals on agricultural land will also be affected by the construction of the Khe and Pleiku bypasses thus irrigation service may also be affected. 51 power/telecommunication poles will also be relocated for road construction. Power would need to be cut off in some days for relocation. This potential impact is unavoidable but temporary and last in a short time. On the other hand, the existing power and communication lines that are not required to relocate may also be damaged due to the operations of cranes and excavators. Damages to existing roads, relocation of power poles or irrigation canals and the impacts on related services would be at moderate level, compensable and mitigable through the measures presented in Chapter 5. 3.2.2.12. Traffic Disturbance and Increased Road-safety Risks Vehicles and machines used in the project will contribute to raise traffic density along NH19 and local roads. However, currently traffic density along NH 19 is not high in may sections thus traffic jam is not expected along NH19 during construction phase. Traffic density is expected to increase considerably on access roads to the bypasses. Additional heavy trucks travelling along the road may also lead to increased traffic accident risks. The risks would be higher at sections passing residential areas, passing schools, markets or public buildings listed in Table 44. Table 44 -Traffic accident-prone locations on NH19 during the construction phase Potential traffic-affecting Residential area Section Activities Ta Giang 1 residential area - Tay Giang Km 50+800-Km52+100 Road widening up to 15m commune and construction of vertical Dong Pho residential area - Tay Giang Km53+200-Km54+900 drainage ditch commune Trung Son residential area - Tay Thuan Km57+700-Km58+300 commune An Thuong and An Thuong 2 residential Km69+319+Km71 Road widening upto 12m areas - Song An commune and construction of vertical Thuowng An residential area - Song An Km71+700-Km73+200 drainage ditch commune Group 6&7 residential areas - Ngo May Km73+364- Km76 Road widening up to 15m ward and construction of vertical Tan Binh, Tan Son residential areas - Tan Km82+200-Km83+854 drainage ditch An commune, and An Hiep, An Binh residential areas - Cu An commune Chi Cong, Thuan Dong, An Dinh, An Hoa Km83+894- Km87 residential areas - Cu An commune and Tan Lap, Tan Dinh residential areas - Tan An 94 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Potential traffic-affecting Residential area Section Activities Commune Dong Che residential area - Tan An Km87+390- Km88+100 commune Kon Dong town Km131+300-Km136 Asphalt paving Linh Nham residential area - Dak Djang Km136+308- Km138 Road widening up to 15m commune and construction of vertical Tan Phu residential area - Dak Djang Km138+Km139+200 drainage ditch commune Nam Dat residential area - Dak Djang Km139+200-Km139+700 commune Cay Diep and Ha Long 2 residential areas - Km139+900- Km143+800 K’Dang commune Cau Vang residential area - K’Dang Km144+600- Km146+600 commune Hamlet 1,2, and 3 residential areas - Tan Km147+200-Km152+500 Binh commune Dak Doa town Km151+500- Road widening up to 12m Km152+500,Km155- and construction of vertical Km157+700 drainage ditch Hamlets 1, 2 and 3 of An Phu commune Km155+700-Km157+300 Hamlet 5 and 6 residential areas - An Phu Km 157+700-Km159 commune Chu A center residential area Km159-Km160 Hamlet 4 and Village A residential areas - Km182+300-Km185 Gao commune Dong Tam residential area - Bau Can Km185-Km186+700 commune Doan Ket and Hoa Binh residential areas - Km187+700-Km190 Bau Can commune Hamlet 1,2, 3 and 4 residential areas - Thang Km193+400- Km198 Hung commune Tan Lac residential area - Binh Giao Km198-Km199+100 commune Thanh Binh and Thanh An residential areas - Km200+200-Km202+200 Binh Giao commune Thong Nhat and Dong Tam residential areas Km207+300-Km209+100 - IA Din commune Thanh Tam residential area - IA Krel Km211+500-Km212+700 commune Thanh Giao and Ngol Lel 1 residential areas Km213+100-Km215+200 - IA Krel commune IA Lam, Lam Tok and Khop residential Km216+200-Km218+700 areas - IA Krel commune Chu Ty town central residential area Km218+700-Km222+800 Residential area no.7-Chu Ty town Km222+500-Km222+800 Chu Bo 1 and Chu Bo 2 residential areas - Km225+500- Km228 IA Kla commune IAMUT residential area - IA Dom commune Km228+800- Km229+100 Mook Den, Mok Trang and O residential Km231+Km232+800 areas - IA Dom commune Bi village residential area - IA Dom Km235+Km236+300 commune 95 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Impacts on NH19 traffic when its existing road surface is being upgraded: Traffic disturbance and road safety risks mainly occur at sections being under road resurfacing on NH19. ½ of road to be occupied by machinery gathering for excavation works and asphalt paving will affect the traffic flow as only half of the road is available for vehicles. If no effective management exists, traffic congestion will appear on these sections, notably those passing urban and residential areas. Besides, road safety risks, especially at night, for two- wheeled vehicles on these sections are also higher due to the height differences between traffic part and under- constructed part of road or between road surface and gutters being constructed. Impacts on NH19 traffic when its existing road is widened: Traffic disturbance and increased road safety risks are also caused by road widening, but mostly on the existing road shoulder intersecting section being widened and at the beginning and ending points of section under construction. Impacts on local road traffic when bypasses are constructed: An Khe and Pleiku bypasses are new ones but consist of several grade crossings (intersections) with existing public roads. Construction activities at these crossings and the use of existing public roads as access roads to construction sites will create traffic disturbance and increase road safety risks. Traffic fragmentation will also occur in some areas due to the construction of bypass when designed surface elevation is considerably different from current road elevation. Locations having significant ground elevation are: (i) An Khe bypass with 1500m of 3-4m deep excavation at section Km0-Km5 and 160m and 6m deep excavation at Km6+640-Km6+800, 1400m of 2.5-7.5m high embankment at section Km0-Km9+560; (ii) Pleiku bypass with 700m of 6m deep excavation at section Km16+100-Km16+800 and 2-4m high embankment at sections crossing rice fields. The movement of local people between residential and production areas or within their production land will be hampered. Construction of section passing An Khe mountain pass This is a difficult terrain area with cliffs and deep gorges and some positions highly prone to landslide. The construction of this section will occupy part of existing road surface. There are also more frequency of trucks carrying construction materials and waste. These factors will attribute to the increased traffic density and road safety risks during the construction process. Potential impacts are at moderate level and can be controlled by traffic control measures. 3.2.2.13 Increased localised Flooding Risks The project site is located in mountainous area with narrow and short rivers. Therefore, floods frequently appear during rainy season. If large materials and waste loads are not properly managed, materials from this load may enter existing drainage ditches and water bodies, causing sedimentation and blockage of these paths. These may lead to localized flooding. When the new bypasses are built, the elevated ground also cause embankment effect and may cause localised flooding. Locations prone to flooding during rainy season, from May to October, during construction phase are the Section passing Son An commune of An Khe bypass, Km3- Km3+500 and Km5-Km8 on the Pleiku bypass. Extent of impacts: Moderate and can be mitigated. 3.2.2.14 Increased BushFire Risk There are bush fire risks along the road sections passing eucalyptus and acacia plantations or pine trees at Km0+150-Km0+400, Km0+750-Km1+150, Km1+600-Km2+200 and 96 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Km2+400-Km3+800 of the An Khe bypass. Bush fire risk is relating to the usage or storage of fuel, the use of electricity and gases at the construction sites, and the workers‟ behaviours. The risk is higher in dry season from November to April of following year. Bush fire may cause losses of vegetation and trees, damage the landscape, and cause and economic loss to the owner of plantations Bush fire risk is at moderate level and can be mitigated. 3.2.2.15 Potential Impacts on Physical Cultural Heritages Impacts on existing cultural, historical and religious sites: There are a number of local religious sites along the road and away 20-25 m from construction site, namely Miếu Xà (Song An commune), Chợ Đồng parish church (An Bình, An Khê -Gia Lai), Minh Châu Pagoda ( Kong Dơng town, Mang Yang district), Bửu Tân Pagoda (Pleiku – Gia Lai), Đức Giang Pagoda (Pleiku – Gia Lai), Nguyên Sơn Pagoda, and Khánh Thiện Pagoda (Chư Prông – Gia Lai). Despite of not being affected by land acquisition, these sites still suffer partially from construction activities. Potential impacts includes inconveniences in moving in or out of the sites by local people and visitors; dust and emission from earthworks, temporary gathering of materials and waste, or excavation activities. Customs and traditions of indigenous people: Cultural activities of ethnic minority in Gia Lai usually take place in community cultural houses which are not located in project areas. Therefore, no significant impacts on cultural and religious activities of ethnic minority community will be caused by construction activities. However, with regard to the culture of Jarai and Bahnar people, agricultural activities closely associated with wet rice are important and they often hold new rice festival from November to January. So the construction performed during festival period might disrupt relevant activities, increase risks of accidents, dust and emissions that affect festival participants and cause conflicts. Additionally, ethnic minority population in Gia Lai often converge into separate communities with Kinh people or with other ethnic groups, their living areas are also away from main roads and urban areas. The construction of Pleiku bypass across agricultural land and close to habitats of ethnic minority population will cause negative impacts on their living customs and activities such as grazing, collecting natural vegetables, funeral rituals, and community activities. In addition, the high concentration of outsider labor force with different cultural features is potential to create negative impacts like abuse and metamorphosis of religious culture into superstition to take advantage of local ethnic people. Artifacts and archaeological relics could be revealed due to earthworks during construction phase. Therefore, an appropriate handling process should be in place under the project for this event. 3.2.2.16 Occupational Health and Safety Risks for Workers Potential risks during construction phase might be accident, fire and explosion. Accident risks are often related to deep excavated areas, high piles of materials and waste, operation of machinery and trucks, loading of bulky materials like sewer pipes, etc. Fire and explosion risks are often generated from the transportation and storage of fuel, explosives, power lines or electricity consumption. Worker health will be affected by noise, dust and emissions from materials, waste and machinery. Health effects of dust and emissions: Dust particles greater than 10 µm, if contact with eyes will potentially cause eye injuries, infections and allergies. Dust particles smaller than 5µm can penetrate into the lung and cause respiratory 97 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment diseases such as: Asthma, pneumonia, long-term exposure to dust will lead to dust deposition and accumulation which is root of pulmonary fibrosis; NO 2 penetrates into lung through respiratory tract and absorb into lung membranes. Long-term and high exposure to NO2 can cause to pneumonia. Negative effects of Noise: Noise can cause damages to parts of human body. First is the auditory sensory organ. It is directly affected by noises thereby decreasing sensory level of ears, declining hearing ability and causing occupational deafness. In addition, noises are causes of headaches, tinnitus, dizziness, nausea, neurological disorders, cardiovascular disorders and diseases related to the digestive system. Particularly for construction workers as during their work they are exposed continuously to noise and therefore will feel fatigue, hearing decline, distracted during labor process which can cause labor accidents. The direct contact with cement, exposure to toxic substances such as petroleum, construction additives can lead to skin corrosion or body absorption through the skin. The storage/use of fuel at camps is potential risks to fire, explosion, electrical shock, affecting significantly worker health and safety. Safety risks are also from the operations and functions of machinery, excavation works and slopes under construction. In addition, in the project area there are common infectious diseases such as dengue, malaria, eye diseases, and gastrointestinal diseases, etc. Construction workers stay in camps with insufficient sanitation or no sufficient knowledge and effective preventive measures provided; there would be an infection risk of these diseases. Insects, poisonous creatures like snakes, poisonous spiders, Anopheles mosquitoes, Culex could be appear in camp areas and cause health effects. In addition, the concentrations of workers can also lead to increased social evils such as prostitution, drug use, and risk of diseases such as hepatitis, HIV, gonorrhea or syphilis. Level of risk: Moderate, manageable 3.2.2.17 Public Health and Safety Risks Site clearance can pose accident risk to local people as well as the workers. Construction activities with open holes and slopes created, construction plant and vehicle operations, loading and unloading of construction materials and wastes, usage of gases etc. all pose safety risks to local residents if presence at or near construction areas. Increased vehicle traffic on existing roads, emissions, dust, and noise from construction activities will also cause health and safety risks to the local people. If camp are not managed well, waste and stagnant wastewater will cause pollution to the surrounding environment and affect public health. Mobilisation of workers to work and reside in project area may also lead to increased social evils such as prostitution, drug addicts which may then lead to HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases. The level of these potential impacts and risks depends on the scope of work at each construction sites, distance between disturbed areas and local houses, the number of works to be mobilized to the site, construction duration, weather conditions etc. and social background of each specific location. Therefore, thesepotential impacts and risks are at small to moderate level and can be mitigated. 3.2.2.18 Potential Impacts related to Disposal Site As presented in Table 10, seven disposal sites have been proposed for diposal of approximately 70,000 m3 of spoils. Therefore, additional disposal sites or opportunities for reuse will be determined during detail design and constuciton phase. The potential social and environmental impacts related to disposal of the excavated materials include: 98 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Dusts emitted along transportation route from trucks carrying excavated materials. The volume of dusts have been calculated in Table 32. The largest volume of dusts will be along the An Khe and Pleiku bypasses. - Occupy land area. During project preparation phase, seven diposal sites with total land area of 2.75 ha have been identified to accommodate 70,000 m3. Therefore, additional sites will need to be identified for the diposal of the balancing excavated materials. - Increased eorsion potential and land slide risks. As shown in Table 10, the calculated height of the dumps woud be between 2 to 3 m. However, the existing ground elevation at the disposal sites are 1.5 to 2.5 m below ground elevation of the surrounding areas. Therefore, the final height of the dumps would be 0.5 to 1.5 m higher than the surrounds. Thus, landslide risk from the slopes created by the dumps would be very low. However, under the impacts of surface runoff and wind, erosion potential would be increased when vegetated ground surface are covered with granular materials. This potential impacts is at moderate level and can be managed by measures such as levelling the sites. - Impacts on crops in the areas surround the disposal site As there are existing agricultural land surround the diposal sites, disposed materials may overflow into crop land and causing damages to vegetation and affect productivity. - Distub drainage pattern. As the disposal sites are currently lower than the surrounding ground, when being filled with materials, localised drainage pattern in the area will be changed, localised flooding may happen if alternative drains are not created. This potential impact is at moderate level and can be managed and mitigated by the construction and maintenance of ditches surrounding the foot of the disposa dumps. - Safety risks for local community. As described in Section 2.6.1, the identified disposal sites are 30-350 m away from the nearest house. There is a risk that local people may enter the disposal site when the trucks, bulldozer are working, or holes and slopes have been created and pose accidential risk. This issue is manageable by site management measures such as putting in place fences, warning sites and restrict access to the site, and levelling the disposed materials regularly. 3.2.2.19 Impact of Blasting During the construction of An Khe mountain pass, rock blasting will be conducted to widen roadbed and decrease slope. Expected blasting method used is electric ticking time explosion with a hole diameter of 30-50mm  and 2-2,5m depth  with volume of explosives used for locations as follows. Table 45 - Volume of explosives used for Blasting Volume of rock Volume of explosives Section Section demolished (kg) (m3) An Khe Bypass Km7+667- Km7+692 1000 446 An Khe Mountain Km60+289- Km60+580 26400 11761 pass Km60+900-Km61+300 43800 19513 Km61+495-Km62+100 44300 19736 Km63-Km63+100 19700 8776 Km64+650-Km64+716 15500 6905 Km64+900- Km65+71 18500 8242 Km65+200-Km65+591 84400 37600 Km66+267-Km66+374 6200 2762 Blasting will generate vibration, dust and emissions such as CO, CO2, SO2, etc. which are shown in the following table. 99 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Table 46 - Emission Level of Blasting No Areas measured Dust mg/m3) Noise (dB) Emission (mg/m3) CO CO2 SO2 1 40 min after blasting at 500-600 160 1% 2% - a distance of 30-40m 2 Rock shoveling after 1,6-5 90-110 1,3-2 0.2 0.73 blasting 3 1Km away downwind 0,4-0,6 75-80 - - - Source:Scientific report: Những vấn đề cấp bách về môi trường lao động trong khai thác and chế biến đá ở Việt Nam, 1999. According to research results shown in Table 46, immediately after blasting there will be a large amount of dust and emissions releasing into the surroundings. However, these emissions have local impacts and the dust concentration arising from the blasting will decline gradually with increasing distance from the epicenter of the explosion.. At a distance of 1 km downwind from the epicenter of the explosion, volume of dust and noise recorded are still higher than permitted limits and ranges from 0.4-0.6 mg/m312 for dust and from 75-80 dB for noise13 One of the important factor related to environmental impact assessment of blasting is the minimum safety distance (rmin) between boundary of the affected area by air wave and location of the technicians. This distance can be quantified by the following formula: where Q is the quantity of explosives used (kg) for simultaneous explosion. According to research results of Dong Nai Department of Industry (2006) of the quarry in Dong Nai province, a safe distance calculated for each explosion is. Table 47 -Safe Distance Scale of explosion Safety distance No Q (kg) r min (m) 1 100 70 2 200 88 3 300 100 4 400 111 5 500 119 6 1,000 150 Along with that, a safe distance of explosion vibration for houses and building by one exploding is calculated using the formula: rc  K c Q (m) When: - rc is safety distance (m); - Kc is dependent coefficient and ground nature of protected buildings (K c=8) - is a coefficient dependent on exploding impact indicator n (  = 1,2) Also according to the research results of Dong Nai Department of Industry (2006), a safe 12 QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT-National standards on ambient air quality with dust volume limit per hour of 0,3 mg/3. 13 QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT-National standards on noise limits in normal areas in a day (70dB). 100 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment distance is calculated for blasting in the quarries Dong Nai province as follows. Table 48 - Calculation of safety radius corresponding to vibration of blasting scale Scale of Safety distance No explosion Q r c (m) (kg) 1 100 96 2 200 136 3 300 166 4 400 192 5 500 215 6 1.000 304 Thus, with the expected volume of explosives used in each explosion that of around 150kg, the safety distance for technicians is more than 80m and safety radius for explosion vibration is greater than 120 meters from the epicenter of the explosion. 3.2.2.20 Site-Specific Impacts Table 49 - Site-specific impacts, risks and issues Noticeable Sensitive receptors Potential Impacts/ Risks Features Km 50 - Km 59: (1) Road expansion, (2) Install drains, (3) Rebuild two bridges NH19 passing Tả Giang residential Increased traffic safety risks. residential areas at area at Tây Giang Disrupt access to roadside houses and shops due to Km50-Km52, Commune Km51- pipe trenching for drainage. Km53-Km54 and Km52 và Km57-Km58 Dust and noise exceed allowable limits from 1.5 to Đồng Phó residential 2 times and 7 to 11.5dB, respectively which would area at Km53-Km54, affect residential houses at shops. 7-10m from roadside Incresed noise, vibration, construction solid wastes, Thường Sơn and wastewater. residential area at Potential risks of electrical shocks and temporary Km57-8, houses power cut due to relocation of power poles and located at 5- 10m from wires. roadside) Potential of water supply shut down due to Weak relocation of water piles, and suspension of service houses/structures at due to disruption to utilities. risk of being cracked due to vibration Potential cutting down of trees. Potential risks of weak structures being cracked. Rebuild Bầu Sen - Existing Bầu Sen - Potential risks of electrical shocks and and Ba La bridges bridge at temporary power cut due to relocation of power Km50+578 poles and wires. - Potential of water supply shut down due to - Existing Ba La relocation of water piles, and suspension of bridge at service due to disruption to utilities. Km51+152 - Disruption of traffic on the two existing bridges. - High noise levels from pile driving - Stream water pollution due to bentonite from drilling and sedimentation from excavation. - Safety risks for workers when working at height and on water surface. 101 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Noticeable Sensitive receptors Potential Impacts/ Risks Features + NH19 passing - Tây Giang - Increased construction wastes, waste water, some schools secondary school, exhaust gases, dust and noise affecting pupils‟ 35m from road side health. at Km 54+150 - Increased risks of traffic accidents to teachers - Võ Lai High and pupils due to construction transportation and School, 40m from other activities. road side at - Disturb or disrupt access to schools during Km54+250 drainage installation. - Tây Giang Kinder gartent, located 30m from roadside NH19 passing - Agricultural land - Potential impacts on irrigation canals in this agricultural land at along the road area: blockage of irrigation canals, spreading of Km58-Km59. - Cassava crop land soils to the irrigation canal. - Constrution materials and wastes affecting the cultivating fields and arable agricultural land. - Potential disruption of the local agricultural cultivating and havesting activities, damages to cassava, and other vegetable crops. Km 59 - Km 67 (On An Khe pass): Road expansion, Install drains, Buil new emergency exist, Slop stabilisation The Pass is on high - Curvy sections, - Increased traffic safety risks at curvy sections. mountain with blasting will be - Safety riks for community and workers related to abyss, many curves carried out blasting and high voltage power lines. with limited - Damages to the high voltage power lines at visions. Some location crossing NH19. sections have HV power poles run near by, and crossing NH19 at one location - Landslide - Incrased landslide risks in rainy weather and Natural Landslide happening during construction due to slop cutting activity. happened at some - Potential risks of traffic safety and health safety locations for road travellers and construction workers. - Temporary disruption of road traffic. - Acacia and - Bush fire risks related to workers‟s behaviours, Plantations along eucaluptus particularly in dry season. the side plantations along - Safety risks to workers related to toxic/harmful the road insecs such as snakes or bees Km 67 - Km 76: (1) Road expansion, (2) Install drains + NH19 passing - Residential area at - Increased traffic safety risks. residential area at Ngô Mây road, - Disrupt access to roadside houses and shops due Km69-Km71 and located 10-15m Km72-Km76 to pipe trenching for drainage. from roadside. - Dust and noise exceed allowable limits from 1.5 - Residential area at to 2 times and 7 to 11.5dB, respectively which Song An commune, would affect residential houses at shops. located 10-15m from roadside. - Incresed noise, vibration, construction solid wastes, and wastewater. - Power poles and cables. - Potential risks of electrical shocks and temporary power cut due to relocation of power - Infrastructures of 102 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Noticeable Sensitive receptors Potential Impacts/ Risks Features utility companies poles and wires. such as water - Potential of water supply shut down due to supply and relocation of water piles, and suspension of communications. service due to disruption to utilities. - Potential risks of weak structures being cracked. + NH19 passing - Tuổi Thơ - Increased construction wastes, waste water, Hoa Mai and Tuoi Kindergartent exhaust gases, dust and noise affecting pupils‟ Tho kindergartents, located 30 from health. Trần Phú primary roadside at Km - Lessons affected by noise and vibration. school 75+850 - Increased risks of traffic accidents to teachers - Trần Phú primary and pupils due to construction transportation and school located 30 other activities. from roadside at - Disturb or disrupt access to schools during Km72+700 drainage installation. NH 19 passing - Increased dust and exhaust gases due to Ngọc An monastic - Xà temple, located construction activities affecting the visitors. and (15-20m from 30m from roadside - Increased risks of traffic accidents due to road side), Xà at Km 69+300 construction transportation. Temples - Temporary degradation of the landscape around the temple. - Increased construction wastes and waste water. - Conflicts between workers and visitors. Pine forest along - Damages to the trees and vegetation cover Km67-Km68 - Pine forest at 10- outside construction area. 15m from road side - Increased bushfire risks, particularly in dry season during November to April due to workers‟s inappropriate bahavior. Construction of new An Khê bypass including drains and six bridges + The bypass - Intersection at the - Increased traffic safety risks at the intersections intersects with the beginning point, with the existing NH 19. existing NH19 at - Intersection at the - Potential risks of electrical shocks and Km70+740 and ending point with temporary power cut due to relocation of power Km83+600 power poles to be poles and wires. relocated + Build six new - Proposed location - Potential risks of electrical shocks and bridges including of Sông Ba bridge temporary power cut due to relocation of power Đá Lật, Suối Đá 2, at Km6+108 poles and wires. Suối Vôi, Sông Ba, - Proposed location - Potential of water supply shut down due to Suối Dồn 1 và Suối of Suối Đá Lật at relocation of water piles, and suspension of Dồn 2. Km0+155 service due to disruption to utilities. - Disruption of traffic on the two existing bridges. - High noise levels from pile driving - Stream water pollution due to bentonite from drilling and sedimentation from excavation. - Safety risks for workers when working at height and on water surface 103 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Noticeable Sensitive receptors Potential Impacts/ Risks Features + The bypass - The Bypass passing - Some existing irrigation canals shall be affected passing rice field, area subjected to - Separate thus disrupt accessibility to agricultural one 1400m will be flooding at land, particularly during seedling and harvesting filled to height Km0+100, seasons 2.5-7.5m higher - The bypass cutting - Increased safety riks for local people, than existing through rice field at particularly the farmers ground Km3 - Construction materials and wastes may fill up agricultural land and irrigation canals - Flooding risks in rainy season due to embankment effect The bypass passing Agricultural land and - Separate agricultural land, particularly during low hill, farmers the harvesting season of sugar canes and excavation to 3-4m cassaava during September to December deep at Km0-Km5, - Landslide risks at deeply excavated areas and to 6 m deep - Social conflicts between the workers and ethnic along 160 m at communities Km6+640- Km6+800 The bypass passing - Residential area at - Increased traffic safety risks. some residential the ending section areas. of the bypass, - Disrupt access to roadside houses and shops due to pipe trenching for drainage. - An existing house at Km4+500 - Dust and noise exceed allowable limits from 1.5 to 2 times and 7 to 11.5dB, respectively which would affect residential houses at shops. - Incresed noise, vibration, construction solid wastes, and wastewater. - Potential risks of electrical shocks and temporary power cut due to relocation of power poles and wires. - Potential of water supply shut down due to relocation of water piles, and suspension of service due to disruption to utilities. - Potential risks of weak structures being cracked. The bypass cut - Plantation at - Damages to the trees and vegetation cover through some Km2+200, outside construction area eucalyptus - Eucalyptus - Increased bushfire risks, particularly in dry plantations at four plantation at season during November to April sections: Km3+800 Km0+150-400, - Km0+750-1+ 150, Km1+600-2+200, 2+400-Km3+800 Access road to An Khe Bypass Access road at - B = 3-4 m, - Increased traffic safety risks. Km2+800, 4+500, Residential houses 9+800 and 12 at the beginning - Disrupt access to roadside houses and shops due to pipe trenching for drainage. section, 5 m from main road, then - Dust and noise exceed allowable limits from 1.5 passing agricultural to 2 times and 7 to 11.5dB, respectively which land Km4+500 would affect residential houses at shops. 104 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Noticeable Sensitive receptors Potential Impacts/ Risks Features - Alphalt road B = - Incresed noise, vibration, construction solid 4m. Residential wastes, and wastewater. houses at 5-7m - Potential risks of electrical shocks and from the road temporary power cut due to relocation of power - An Khê-huyện poles and wires. K‟Bang Interdistrict road access to - Potential of water supply shut down due to relocation of water piles, and suspension of Km9+800 , service due to disruption to utilities. Concrete road B = 5m. Houses are at 7 - Potential risks of weak structures being cracked. m from the road - Commune road to Km12,Concrete road B = 3.5m, Houses are at 7 m from the road - An Khê residential area, houses are 5- 10m from roadside - Kanak intersection Km 76+00 - Km 82+200: Resurfacomg NH19 passing An - An Khê residential - Increased traffic safety risks. Khê populated area, houses are 5- residential area 10m from roadside - Disrupt access to roadside houses and shops due to pipe trenching for drainage. - Kanak intersection - Dust and noise exceed allowable limits from 1.5 to 2 times and 7 to 11.5dB, respectively which would affect residential houses at shops. - Incresed noise, vibration, construction solid wastes, and wastewater. - Potential risks of electrical shocks and temporary power cut due to relocation of power poles and wires. - Potential of water supply shut down due to relocation of water piles, and suspension of service due to disruption to utilities. - Potential risks of weak structures being cracked. NH19 passing Mai - Sơn Ca, Mai Anh - Increased construction wastes, waste water, Anh and Sơn Ca kinder-gartents exhaust gases, dust and noise affecting pupils‟ kindergartens and located 20m from health. Nguyễn Khuyến roadside - Lessons affected by noise and vibration. highschool. - Nguyễn Khuyến - Increased risks of traffic accidents to teachers highschool located and pupils due to construction transportation and at 20 m from other activities. roadside - Disturb or disrupt access to schools during drainage installation. NH19 passing An - An Khê Church - Increased dust and exhaust gases due to Khe and Cho Do located at 30m from construction activities affecting the visitors. Churches roadside - Increased risks of traffic accidents due to - Chợ Đồn Church construction transportation. located at 20m from - Temporary degradation of the landscape around roadside the church. 105 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Noticeable Sensitive receptors Potential Impacts/ Risks Features - Increased construction wastes and waste water. - Conflicts between workers and visitors. - Disturb church pray activities, particularly on Sunday and Christmas NH19 passing Đồn - Đồn market located - Increased dust, exhaust gases, noise, vibration, market at 10m from construction wastes, hazardous waste, domestic roadside wastes, and wastewater due to construction activities affecting the market foods and product for the local people. - Clogging of local drainage canal leading to localized flooding. - Increased traffic congestion and risks of traffic accidents due to construction and transportation. - Hindering of access by the customers to the market due to construction activities affecting income of the business people. - Conflicts between workers and traders Km 82+200 - Km 90: (1) Road expansion, (2) Install drains, (3) Rebuild two bridges Nh19 passing - Cư An và Tân An - Increased traffic safety risks. popular residential Residential area - Disrupt access to roadside houses and shops due areas located 10- 10m from roadside) to pipe trenching for drainage. 15m from road - Dust and noise exceed allowable limits from 1.5 side at Km82- to 2 times and 7 to 11.5dB, respectively which Km88 would affect residential houses at shops. - Incresed noise, vibration, construction solid Power lines wastes, and wastewater. running along and - Potential risks of electrical shocks and passing the section temporary power cut due to relocation of power poles and wires. - Potential of water supply shut down due to relocation of water piles, and suspension of service due to disruption to utilities. - Potential risks of weak structures being cracked. Rebuild two new - Existing Ta Ly - Power poles would be relocated, service may be bridges, Ta Ly và bridge at interrupted Thầu Dầu Km83+894 - Disrupt traffic on the two existing bridges - Existing Thầu Dầu - High noise levels from pile driving bridge at - Water pollution due to bentonite from drilling Km87+390 - Safety risks for workers when working at height - Lê Qúy Đôn and on water surface primary school, - Increased construction wastes, waste water, 30m from roadside exhaust gases, dust and noise affecting pupils‟ health. - Increased risks of traffic accidents to teachers and pupils due to construction transportation and other activities. - Disturb or disrupt access to schools during drainage installation 106 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Noticeable Sensitive receptors Potential Impacts/ Risks Features NH19 passing - Tuổi Thơ - Increased construction wastes, waste water, school and kindergartent, 20m exhaust gases, dust and noise affecting pupils‟ kindergartens from roadside health. - Hoa Mai - Increased risks of traffic accidents to teachers kindergartent, 30m and pupils due to construction transportation and from road side other activities. - Disturb or disrupt access to schools during drainage installation NH 19 passing a - An Sơn Church, - Increased dust and exhaust gases due to church and a 10m from roadside construction activities affecting the visitors. cemetery - An Sơn cemetery, - Increased risks of traffic accidents due to 40m from roadside construction transportation. - - Temporary degradation of the landscape around the church. - Increased construction wastes and waste water. - Conflicts between workers and visitors. - Disturb church pray activities, particularly on Sunday and Christmas Km 131+300 - Km 135: Resurfacing Passing populated - T junction at Kon - Increased traffic and safety risks, particularly at areas in Kon Dỡng Dỡng town the main T junction of Kon Dỡng town town - Central garden at - Noise level exceed limits from 7 to 11.5 dB. Kon Dỡng town - Visual impacts on urban landscape - Kon Dỡng primary - Increased construction wastes, waste water, school, 30m from exhaust gases, dust and noise affecting pupils‟ roadside health. - Increased risks of traffic accidents to teachers and pupils due to construction transportation and other activities. - Disturb or disrupt access to schools during drainage installation NH19 passing - Increased traffic and safety risks for students and school Kon Dỡng 1 primary teachers. school - Disrupt access access to the schools during pipe installation NH19 passing - Châu Khê paris - Disrupt access to the paris and pagoda to Minh Châu pagoda 35m from road drainage installation and Châu Khê side, - disturb religious activities at the Church and church - Minh Châu Pagoda pagoda 20m from road side - Increased dust and exhaust gases due to construction activities affecting the visitors. - Increased risks of traffic accidents due to construction transportation. - Temporary degradation of the landscape around the church. - Increased construction wastes and waste water. - Conflicts between workers and visitors. Km 135+00 - Km 152+500: road expansion, Build drainage, Rebuild bridges NH19 passing - Residential area at - Increased traffic safety risks. populated Năm Đạt T junction - Disrupt access to roadside houses and shops due residential areas at (Km139) to pipe trenching for drainage. 107 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Noticeable Sensitive receptors Potential Impacts/ Risks Features 7-15m from road - Residential area, - Dust and noise exceed allowable limits from 1.5 side at Km136- some weak/ to 2 times and 7 to 11.5dB, respectively which Km139, Km144- temporary would affect residential houses at shops. Km146 and structures, power - Incresed noise, vibration, construction solid Km147-Km152. lines must be wastes, and wastewater. Powerline running relocated - Potential risks of electrical shocks and on the right temporary power cut due to relocation of power poles and wires. - Potential of water supply shut down due to relocation of water piles, and suspension of service due to disruption to utilities. - Potential risks of weak structures being cracked Rebuild 3 bridges - Linh Nham Bridge - Potential risks of electrical shocks and namely Linh at Km136+308 temporary power cut due to relocation of power Nham, Lệ Cần and - Vàng Bridge at poles and wires. Vàng Km144+400 - Potential of water supply shut down due to - Lệ Cần Bridge at relocation of water piles, and suspension of Km149+045 service due to disruption to utilities. - Disruption of traffic on the two existing bridges. - High noise levels from pile driving - Stream water pollution due to bentonite from drilling and sedimentation from excavation. - Safety risks for workers when working at height and on water surface NH19 passing Trần - Trần Phú - Increased construction wastes, waste water, Phú Secondary highschool, 30m exhaust gases, dust and noise affecting pupils‟ School, K‟Dang from road side health. and Tân Bình - K‟dang - Increased risks of traffic accidents to teachers kindergartents kindergartent, 5- and pupils due to construction transportation and 10m from roadside other activities. - Tân - Disturb or disrupt access to schools during Bình kindergarten, drainage installation. 50m from roadside NH19 passing Bửu - Increased dust and exhaust gases due to Tân pagoda - Pagoda Bửu Tân, construction activities affecting the visitors. 10-20m from road - Increased risks of traffic accidents due to side construction transportation. - Temporary degradation of the landscape around the Pagoda. - Increased construction wastes and waste water. - Conflicts between workers and visitors. Km 152+500 - Km 155: Resurfacing Nh19 passing Đak - Increased traffic safety risks. Đoa town with - Residential area at - Disrupt access to roadside houses and shops due high population Đắk Đoa town to pipe trenching for drainage. density - - Dust and noise exceed allowable limits from 1.5 to 2 times and 7 to 11.5dB, respectively which would affect residential houses at shops. - Incresed noise, vibration, construction solid wastes, and wastewater. - Potential risks of electrical shocks and 108 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Noticeable Sensitive receptors Potential Impacts/ Risks Features temporary power cut due to relocation of power poles and wires. - Potential of water supply shut down due to relocation of water piles, and suspension of service due to disruption to utilities. - Potential risks of weak structures being cracked. NH19 passing Đắk - Primary school số 2 - Increased construction wastes, waste water, Đoa 2 Primary Đắk Đoa (cách exhaust gases, dust and noise affecting pupils‟ school, Đắk đoa 20m) health. and Nguyễn Huệ - Secondary School - Lessons affected by noise and vibration. high schools dân tộc nội trú Đắk - Increased risks of traffic accidents to teachers Đoa (cách 20m) and pupils due to construction transportation and - Nguyễn Huệ High other activities. school , 20m from - Disturb or disrupt access to schools during roadside drainage installation. - Km 155 - Km 160: (1) Road expansion, (2) Drainage installation, (3) Bridge reconstruction NH19 passing - Residential area, - Increased traffic safety risks. residential area at power lines and - Disrupt access to roadside houses and shops due Km155-Km157, poles will be to pipe trenching for drainage. Km158-Km160 relocated - Dust and noise exceed allowable limits from 1.5 to 2 times and 7 to 11.5dB, respectively which Houses are 7-10 m would affect residential houses at shops. from roadside, - Incresed noise, vibration, construction solid powerline runs on wastes, and wastewater. the right - Potential risks of electrical shocks and temporary power cut due to relocation of power poles and wires. - Potential of water supply shut down due to relocation of water piles, and suspension of service due to disruption to utilities. - Potential risks of weak structures being cracked. + bridge An Mỹ - Potential risks of electrical shocks and (Km156+570) - An Mỹ bridge at temporary power cut due to relocation of power Km156+570 poles and wires. - Potential of water supply shut down due to relocation of water piles, and suspension of service due to disruption to utilities. - Disruption of traffic on the two existing bridges. - High noise levels from pile driving - Stream water pollution due to bentonite from drilling and sedimentation from excavation. - Safety risks for workers when working at height and on water surface + NH19 passing - Nguyễn Khuyến - Increased construction wastes, waste water, Hoa sữa high school at 50m exhaust gases, dust and noise affecting pupils‟ kindergartent, from roadside health. Nguyễn Khuyến - Hoa Sữa - Lessons affected by noise and vibration. Primary school, Kindergartent 20m - Increased risks of traffic accidents to teachers from roadside) and pupils due to construction transportation and other activities. 109 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Noticeable Sensitive receptors Potential Impacts/ Risks Features - Disturb or disrupt access to schools during drainage installation. + NH19 passing - An Mỹ Church, - Increased dust and exhaust gases due to An Mỹ church, 30m from road side construction activities affecting the visitors. Bửu Thọ Pagoda. - Bửu Thọ Pagoda - Increased risks of traffic accidents due to 30m from road side construction transportation. - Temporary degradation of the landscape around the church. - Increased construction wastes and waste water. - Conflicts between workers and visitors. + NH19 passing - An Phú market,7- - Increased dust, exhaust gases, noise, vibration, An Phú, Chư Á 10m from roadside construction wastes, hazardous waste, domestic markets - Chư Á market, 50m wastes, and wastewater due to construction from road side activities affecting the market foods and product for the local people. - Clogging of local drainage canal leading to localized flooding. - Increased traffic congestion and risks of traffic accidents due to construction and transportation. - Hindering of access by the customers to the market due to construction activities affecting income of the business people. - Conflicts between workers and traders + NH19 passing - Agricutural land - Construction material and waste fill up agricultural land at agricultural land and drains Km157-Km158 There are weak - At risk of being cracked/damaged by virbarion structures along the from excavation for road base construction and road right next to road compaction the expanded road Pleiku Bypass: Build new road and bridges Bypass intersect - Increased traffic safety risks at the intersections with NH19 at - Intersection on the - Power and telecommunication lines must be Km157+460 and right at the risen so as and construction plants passing Km177+00, power beginning point underneath, service may be interrupted and - Intersection on the - telecommunication right at the ending lines are low point - Nh19 passing - Bypass will be 2- - Separate agricultural land thus disrupt paddy field at 4m higher than accessibility from one to the other side of the Km0-Km2, existing ground at road Km4+950 and Km1 - Increased landside risks at wall/slopes created Km8+900, ground - Bypass will be 5-6 - Dust affect rice and vegetable crops will be elevated m higher than - Interrup irrigation service as some canals would existing ground at be affected rice field at Km8 - Social conflict with ethnic community Ân Mỹ 1 and 2 - High noise levels from pile driving bridges will be - Water pollution due to bentonite from drilling built at Km1+100 - Safety risks for the workers when working at and Km8+900 height on on water 110 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Noticeable Sensitive receptors Potential Impacts/ Risks Features Bypass passing - Exacavation to 4- - Separate agricultural land thus disrupt coffee and rubber 5m deep crossing accessibility from one to the other side of the plantations on low coffee plantation at road hills at Km2- Km6 - Increased landside risks at wall/slopes created Km4+900, Km5- - Excavation to 6-7m - Dust may affect coffee productivity if too much Km8+400 and crossing coffee dust is on coffee flowers Km9-Km13+200 plantation at Km13 - Obstruct accessibility of farmers in coffee harvesting season (September - December). The bypass pass - Đồng Xanh tourist - Dust exceed standard three times. Đồng Xanh tourise area, 30m from - Increased traffic and safety risks are and Bông Lar road side - Landscape residential area in - Bông Lar village - Disturb tourist activities Ia Băng commune 30m from road side Access road near - Access road near - Dust and noise; Đồng Xanh tourist Đồng Xanh tourist - Increased traffic safety risks; area, Km0-Km1 area, Km0-Km1 - Damages or degrade existing roads - B = 10m at the Access roads for beginning section Pleiku bypass and B= 3.5m at the construction sites end, L = 1 km. School is 100m and Dong Xanh tourist area is 20 m from the access road and construction sites Access road from - Asphalt/concrete - Dust and noise; Chư Á commune to road, B= 3-4 m; - Increased traffic safety risks; Km8 of the bypass - Residential houses - Damages or degrade existing roads are 5-7 m from the - Damages to weak bridges road, mainly at the beginning section - There are 2 bridges (3-4 m long) with loads at 5 T along the access road - There are some school clusters along the road, 7 m from roadside and at least 300-400 m from construction sites Access road from Asphalt road B =4 m, - Dust and noise; Đắk Đoa town and there are residential - Increased traffic safety risks; Ham Rong T juntion clusters at 7m from the - Damages or degrade existing roads road Km 180 +00 - Km 218+500: (1) road expansion, (2) Build drainage Plantations along - Plantations, 20 m - Damages to the trees and vegetation cover some sections from roadside at outside construction area Km180-Km182 - Increased bushfire risks, particularly in dry - Plantations, 30 m season during ovember to April from road side at 111 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Noticeable Sensitive receptors Potential Impacts/ Risks Features Km190-Km193 NH19 passing - Residential area, - Increased traffic safety risks. residential areas at 10-15m from road Km187-Km190, side at Km193- - Disrupt access to roadside houses and shops due Km193-Km202, to pipe trenching for drainage. Km198 Km207-Km209, - Residential area, - Dust and noise exceed allowable limits from 1.5 Km211-Km215 10-15m from road to 2 times and 7 to 11.5dB, respectively which and Km216- side at Km198- would affect residential houses at shops. Km218 Km199 - Incresed noise, vibration, construction solid - Residential area 10- wastes, and wastewater. Powerloines 15m from road side - Potential risks of electrical shocks and running along the at Km200-Km202 temporary power cut due to relocation of power road - Residential area, poles and wires. 10-15m from road side at Km211- - Potential of water supply shut down due to Km215 relocation of water piles, and suspension of service due to disruption to utilities. - Potential risks of weak structures being cracked. NH19 passing - Trưng Vương and - Increased construction wastes, waste water, schools , Hùng Vương exhaust gases, dust and noise affecting pupils‟ primary schools, health. Secondary School - Lessons affected by noise and vibration. Lê Hồng Phong - Increased risks of traffic accidents to teachers - Đôn and pupils due to construction transportation and HeroSecondary other activities. School, 20m from - Disturb or disrupt access to schools during road side drainage installation. - Secondary School Trần Quốc Tuấn 20m from roadside - High school Trần Phú, Lương Thế Vinh 20m from road side - Thanh Bình Hoa Hồng, Hòa Bình kindergartents Bypass passing - Thanh Bình - Increased dust and exhaust gases due to Đức Giang, Hồng Church, 30m from construction activities affecting the visitors. Đức, Nguyên Sơn road side - Increased risks of traffic accidents due to and Khánh Thiện - Đức Hưng church construction transportation. pagodas, Đức 30m from road side - Temporary degradation of the landscape around Hưng and Thanh - Nguyễn Sơn the church. Bình Churchs, giáo pagoda 30m from - Increased construction wastes and waste water. họ Đồng Tâm road side - Conflicts between workers and visitors. - Khánh Thiện pagoda 30m from road side Bypass passing - Coffee and cashew - Separate agricultural land thus disrupt coffee, tea, cashew nut plantation accessibility from one to the other side of the nuts and peppep - Peper and cashew road plantations at nut plantation - 112 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Noticeable Sensitive receptors Potential Impacts/ Risks Features Km182-Km190, Km199-Km200, Km202-Km205… Km 218+500 - Km 222: Road resurfacing NH19 passing - Towm Intersection - Increased traffic safety risks. residential area in - Residential area - Disrupt access to roadside houses and shops due Chư Ty town, to pipe trenching for drainage. houses are 5-7m - Dust and noise exceed allowable limits from 1.5 from road side to 2 times and 7 to 11.5dB, respectively which would affect residential houses at shops. - Incresed noise, vibration, construction solid wastes, and wastewater. - Potential risks of electrical shocks and temporary power cut due to relocation of power poles and wires. - Potential of water supply shut down due to relocation of water piles, and suspension of service due to disruption to utilities. - Potential risks of weak structures being cracked. NH19 passing - Increased construction wastes, waste water, Primary school - Primary school exhaust gases, dust and noise affecting pupils‟ Kim Đồng Kim Đồng 30m health. from roadside - Lessons affected by noise and vibration. - Increased risks of traffic accidents to teachers and pupils due to construction transportation and other activities. Disturb or disrupt access to schools during drainage installation. NH19 passing Đức - landscape Cơ District - Đức Cơ District - obstruct access of visitors, particularly on 27 Memorial Memorial 50m July, 22 , 1st and full moon of lunar months from roadside NH19 passing Đức - Increased dust, exhaust gases, noise, vibration, Cơ market - Đức Cơ market, construction wastes, hazardous waste, domestic 30m from road side wastes, and wastewater due to construction activities affecting the market foods and product for the local people. - Clogging of local drainage canal leading to localized flooding. - Increased traffic congestion and risks of traffic accidents due to construction and transportation. - Hindering of access by the customers to the market due to construction activities affecting income of the business people. - Conflicts between workers and traders. Km 222 - Km 241: (1) road expansion, (2) Build drainage 113 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Noticeable Sensitive receptors Potential Impacts/ Risks Features - Residential area, 7 - - Increased traffic safety risks. 15m from roadside, - Disrupt access to roadside houses and shops due power lines running to pipe trenching for drainage. along - Dust and noise exceed allowable limits from 1.5 NH 19 pasing to 2 times and 7 to 11.5dB, respectively which residential areas would affect residential houses at shops. - Incresed noise, vibration, construction solid Powerlines running wastes, and wastewater. along - Potential risks of electrical shocks and temporary power cut due to relocation of power poles and wires. - Potential of water supply shut down due to relocation of water piles, and suspension of service due to disruption to utilities. - Potential risks of weak structures being cracked. Passing - Cashew nuts and - Separate agricultural land thus disrupt cassava cop land accessibility from one to the other side of the agricultural land along the road road - Primary school - Increased construction wastes, waste water, Trần Phú 30m from exhaust gases, dust and noise affecting pupils‟ road side health. NH19 passing Kim - Secondary school - Increased risks of traffic accidents to teachers Đồng Primary Nguyên Du (cách and pupils due to construction transportation and school, 18-4 đường 20m) other activities. kindergartent, - Chu Văn An - Disturb or disrupt access to schools during Nguyễn Du, Chu Primary school drainage installation. Văn An, Nguyễn 30m from road side Trường Tộ, - Nguyễn Trường Tộ Nguyễn Trãi, Trần High school 20 m Phú schools, 20- from roadside 30m from road - Secondary School side Nguyễn Trãi 30m from road side - Kindergartent 18-4, 20m from roadside Disposal sites Disposal site at The nearest house is - Loss of crops. Bau Sen bridge 30 m from the site - Some irrigation canal cut through the site Currently and next to the road - materials overflow onto the surrounding agricultural land agricultural land Land area = Existing ground - Increased erosion potentials from barren soil 5,000 m2. level is 1.5 m lower dumps Accomodae = than the - Safety risks for local community 10,000 m3 surroundings. Height of dump = 2m. Disposal site at The nearest house is - Damages to the existing earthern access road Km57+300 NH19 50 m from the site, - Traffic safety risk at the entrance from main Currently 300 m from NH19, road plantation on there are only hilly area. Land several houses along 114 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Noticeable Sensitive receptors Potential Impacts/ Risks Features area = 2,000 m2 the access road Accomodae = Existing ground 5,000 m3. Height level is 2 m of dump =2.5 m. lower than the surroundings. Disposal site at - Loss one crop Existing ground Km58+300 NH19 - Materials overflow onto agricultural land and level is 2 m NH19 Currently cassava lower than the - Traffic safety risk on NH19 crop land. Land surroundings area = 2,000 m2. The site is next to Accomodae = NH19, nearest house 5,000 m3. Height is 50 m from the of dump = 2.5 m. nearest house Disposal site at - Loss one crop. The site is next to Km58+600 - Increased traffic and safety risks when trucks Currently the site NH19, the nearest entering and leaving the site is agricultural house is 50 m from - Materials overflow onto agricultural land and land the site NH19. Land area = Existing ground 2,000 m2. level is 2 m Accomodae = lower than the 5,000 m3. Height surroundings of dump = 2.5 m. The site is 1.2 km - Damages to the existing trees from NH 19, 100m - Increased erosion risks from the nearest - Increased sedimenation risks in existing canal Disposal site at Bối house. Access road and drains village- Glar - Dust, safety risks to residents along the access is low grade asphalt commune- Dak road Doa district road B=3-4 m, degraded at some - Damage local access road Currently barren land, near coffee sections, there are and peper farm number of houses at land, the intersection with Land area = NH19, houses 8,000 scatterly distributed Accomodae = along the access 20,000. Height of road, some business dump = 2.5 m. along the route Existing ground level is 2 m below the surround ground. Disposal site at Existing ground - Materials overflow onto agricultural land and Km199+500 NH19 level is 2 m below irrigation canal in the surrounding area. Currently barren the surround ground low land with The site is 50m from holes. Land area the nearest house, = 8,000 200 m from NH19, Accomodae = there is no existing 20,000. Height of access road on grass 115 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Noticeable Sensitive receptors Potential Impacts/ Risks Features dump = 2.5 m land next to the site from NH19 The site is 350m - Damage on access road. from the nearest - Increased traffic safety risks when trucks Disposal site at house entering and leaving the site from NH19 Km230+650 of Access road is 3 m - Traffic safety near the school NH19 wide, low grade - Interrupt sport activities on the existing play Currently low- asphalt road, 150 m ground laying football from NH19, there is ground, CPC no houses along the wanted to level access road. There is Land area = one school next to 7,000 m2. the junction between Accomodae = NH19 and access 15,000 m3. road Height of dump = Existing ground 2.1m level is 1.5 m below the ground at the suroundings. 3.2.3 Impacts and Risks during the Operating phase 3.2.3.1. Impacts on Air quality a. Dust and gas emissions The operation of vehicles on the road generates dust and emissions polluting the environment. The forecast of emissions and dust from the operation of vehicles on the road is done based on forecast data on the vehicle types for 2036 and Sutton model is applied as follows:  ( z  h) 2   ( z  h) 2  exp  2   exp    2  S z   2  S z2  C = 0,8    n  S z2  U Whereby: - C: Emission (mg/m3) - : Coefficient of pollution - n: Traffic flow per day night - Z: Height of forecast point (m) - h: Elevation difference between road and surrounding ground, m - U : Wind speed, m/s - Sz: Vertical diffusion coefficient, Sz = 0,53*x0,73 - x is the distance from road center to calculated point (m) To determine the amount of pollutants discharged, the air pollution limit by World Health Organization (WHO, 1993) given for cars: For dust: 0.07, CO: 7.72 and HC: 0.83. 116 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Table 50 - Forecast data on vehicle types by 2036 Km20 Km76 Km135 Types of Vehicle Car/day Car/day PCU/day Car/day PCU/day PCU/day night night night night night night Car 1532 1532 921 921 396 396 Minibus 582 1164 882 1764 476 952 Large bus 633 1583 403 1008 280 700 Light truck 1420 2840 793 1586 729 1458 Light truck 1478 2956 1660 3320 1049 2098 Heavy truck 1 1240 3100 745 1863 509 1273 Heavy truck 2 1457 3643 667 1668 202 505 Cumulative - 16817 - 12129 - 7382 Sutton model is applied in the event of the average wind speed in the area is 2.8 m/s, the road surface is higher 0.5m than the ground of 2 road shoulders, the height z = 2m. Results of air pollution forecast per vehicle types are presented in the following Table 51: Table 51 - Results of air pollution forecast per vehicle types (g/m3) Distance QCVN QCVN Year Air 5m 15m 20m 25m 30m 05:2013/BTNMT: 06:2009/BTNMT: TSP 768 308 205.3 152 118.3 300 - Km20 CO 35723 32868.5 26404.5 18767.9 15048.6 30000 - HC 5291.5 3533.8 2434.6 1802.8 1402.9 - 5000 TSP 453.9 214.9 148.1 109.6 85.3 300 - Km76 CO 25763.6 23704.9 19043.1 13535.5 10853.1 30000 - HC 3816.3 2548.6 1755.8 1300.2 1011.8 - 5000 TSP 337.1 150.8 90.1 66.7 51.9 300 - Km135 CO 15679.9 14427.0 11589.7 8237.8 6605.3 30000 - HC 2322.6 1551.1 1068.6 791.3 615.8 - 5000 Notes: * QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on some hazardous substances of ambient air QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT – National Technical Regulations on the Allowable Limits of Hazardous Waste Forecast results show that dust and emissions from vehicles will exceed the regulations within 15m from the road shoulder at section Km20. For sections Km76 and Km135, the dust concentration will exceed the regulated limit within 5 m from the road shoulder. As such, main affected population of dust and emissions during the operation phase is households located along NH19 with 5-10 meters away from the road. Extent of impacts: Small b. Noise level Traffic flow on NH19 will increase as forecasted in Table 52, so the noise level along the road will also increase. Based on traffic flow forecast for 2036 in Table 3.15, we use the Nordic forecasting method for traffic noise which was modified by the Institute of Transport Science and Technology to evaluate the increasing level of traffic noise with the average speed in residential areas is 50 km/h and outside residential areas is 70 km/h. Forecast on traffic noise level on NH19 is shown in the Table 52 below. 117 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Table 52 - Traffic noise forecast for 2036 Noise level (dBA) Section 7,5m 10m 15m 20m 25m 30m 74,6 70,5 68,8 67,5 66,5 65,7 65.7 Km20 72,0 67,7 66,1 64,4 63,8 63,0 63.0 72,8 68,7 66,9 65,6 64,6 63,8 63.8 Km76 70,1 66,0 64,2 62,9 61,9 61,1 61.1 70,4 66,3 65,1 63,8 62,3 61,5 61.5 Km135 67,7 63,6 62,2 60,7 59,5 59,7 59.7 QCVN Day 70 26:2010/BTNMT: Night 55 Comparing the forecast results in the table above with the noise level on NH19 (average at 61dB) shows that the increased number of vehicles has led to an increased noise level on the roads while forecast for inside and outside residential areas ranges from 67.7-74.6dB (at a distance of 7.5m). The forecast results also show that majority of households living along NH19 are affected by noise within 30m when vehicles function at night (noise level within this distance ranges from 59.7-74.6 dBA compared to 55dBA at night as per regulated). During daytime, the noise level usually does not exceed permitted limits (70dBA) that of 7.5m, therefore impacts on roadside communities will decrease. The impacts are evaluated at small level. 3.2.3.2. Separating Residential area and Production area The two Pleiku and An Khe bypasses running through production lands cause fragmentation of agricultural land, separating residential areas from production areas. The movement of people from houses or agricultural land to the other side of the road will be difficult due to ground elevation variations, and traffic flow on the road at speed of 70km/h. Movements of human, local traffic means and agricultural machines, animals would be particularly difficult at sections whereroad elevation is significantly different from existing ground level if no adequate mitigation measures are applied. Specifically: - An Khe bypass: 1500m at Km0-Km5 will be 3-4 m lower than existing ground level, and 160m at Km6+640-Km6+800 will be 6 m lower than existing ground level, 1400m at Km0-Km9+560 will 2.5-7.5m higher than the surroundings; - Pleiku bypass has 700m at Km16+100-Km16+800 will be 6 m lower than existing ground level and small section will be 2-4m higher than the surrounding rice fields. The differences in ground elevation will also cause difficulties for cattle grazing ortransportation of production materials between the two road sides become also more difficult when there is a height difference between the current situation surrounding roads. 3.2.3.3. Disturb Existing Drainage The two new bypasses will change the natural drainage direction in the area due to the effects of embankments or channels at high embanked sections of 2-4m or of average excavation of 3-6m. This effect will be relatively huge on bypass across rice fields or near residential areas and cause local flooding. Extent of impacts: moderate and manageable by using design solutions and mitigation measures during construction phase. 118 Central Highlands Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 3.2.3.4. Increased Traffic Safety Risks Traffic safety risks during operation phase would be increased specifically at the following locations: - The four intersections between the existing NH19 and the An Khe and Pleiku bypasses - The intersections between the two bypasses and the existing local roads These potential impacts would be at medium to high level, and mitigable through design solutions and operational control methods. 119 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E CHAPTER 4. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES The objectives of the analysis for alternative technical designs options of the investment supported under the project are to compare social and environmental impacts associated with those design options. The final options are selected based on a thorough consideration of the technical, economical, effective, environmental and social aspects of the proposed options. The implementation of the Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project is in line with the following plans and planning: (i) The Vietnam Road Transport Development Planning to 2020 with a vision toward 203014, the Vietnam Road Transport Development Adjusted Planning15; (ii) Gia Lai Provincial Transportation Network Development Planning to 202016 on Roadway, Railway and Airway; (iii) the Adjusted Pleiku City Master Planning to 202017; (iv) An Khe Provincial Town‟s Detailed Construction Planning to 202018. 4.1 “With Project” and “Without Project” Scenarios The project area includes the land of Tay Son district of Binh Dinh province and An Khe town, Dak Po district, Dak Doa, Mang Yang, Pleiku Ciy, Chu Prong district and Duc Co district of Gia Lai province where the road runs through. These areas are characterized mainly as hills, mountains and plateau. Results from the field survey in the project area show that (i) the air, the water and the soil environment of the area are not deteriorated by pollutants; (ii) Economic activities in the region are quite simple with agriculture plays a key role and there are many ethnic minority people living in the project area, (iii) Many road sections have narrow cross sections and are degraded. Therefore, if the CHCIP project is not implemented, negative environmental and social problems are bound to exist in current conditions: - The road continues to be degraded as the traffic grows every year, increasing traffic risks. The project‟s feasibility study report has identified 11 black spots of traffic accident and 4 sections where traffic accidents are often occurred along the NH1919. Without the project, the black spots continue to exist and traffic accidents might continue to happen. - Flooding risks continue to be unsolved. At the section between Km53 and Km 67, the road runs along the mountain ridge, crossing streams that have short lengths and steep slopes thus during the rainy season, at these locations, water at high flow might quickly become flash flood, flooding the road. - Long travel time and high travel cost will continue as the road connecting the coastal provinces and the Central Highland region has narrow cross section and is being degraded; 14 The planning was approves at the Decision no. 1327/QĐ-TTg by the Prime Minister on 24/8/2009 15 The adjustment to the planning was approved at the Decision No. 356/QĐ -TTg by the Prime Minister on 25/02/2013 16 The planning was approved at the Decision No. 39/2011/QĐ-UBND by Gia Lai Provincial People‟s Committee on 28/12/2011 17The adjusted planning was approved at the Decision No. 104/2005/QĐ-UB dated on 15/8/2005 by Gia Lai Provincial People‟s Committee 18 The planning was approved at the Decision No. 05/2007/QĐ-UBND dated 16/01/2007 by Gia Lai Provincial People‟s Committee 19 According to the official document No. 37/ATGT dated on March 8, 2016 by the General Department of Road Transport, 11 transport black spots include Km 140- 144, Km 148+400-152+7200, Km 155-159+960, Km 190+500-191, Km 197, Km 199-200, Km 202-203, Km 217+400-218+600, Km 222+250-223+200, Km 226-228+350; 4 locations where traffic accidents often occurs are at Km 201+800-202+200, 203+100, 207+200-207+600 and 213+400-213+700 120 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E - Erosion risks continue to exist. Every year, embankment erosion often happens at a number of locations on An Khe Pass, causing danger to the people and vehicles traversing by20. If the road is not upgraded, the erosion risk might still exist, causing accidents. - The local people will still be exposed to the traffic safety risks at the road sections especially where non-motorized vehicles share the same lane with the 4-wheel vehicles. The comparison between environmental and social issues associated with the With and Without Project alternative is described in Table 53 below. Table 53 - Analysis of “With” and “Without Project” Alternative Environmental No and Social Without the Project With the Project Problems It is not affected by the Noise and dust impacts will be increasing construction work. during the construction period however these impacts are temporary, localized and controllable. During the operational period, vehicle 1 Air quality Vehicle emission will emission will increase as the traffic density increase as the traffic increases however the emission rate might density increases while lower than that of the “without project” the road is narrow and scenario because the improved road surface degraded. will make the vehicles run more easily and smoothly. It is not affected by the The construction of bridges crossing construction work and streams or of road sections near the surface there are no additional water flows in the area might lead to an impacts during the elevated level of TSS, BOD5, coliform... operational period. However, these impacts are short-term and Surface water manageable. 2 quality During the operational period: Level of surface water turbidity depends on the quality of water runoff over the entire catchment therefore the installation of culverts will not change the water quality. Groundwater Not affected Not affected 3 quality Not affected The project will change very little the quality of soils in the project area. 4 Soil Land slide, soil erosion risks will be reduced as road embankment will be strengthened, upgraded or embanked. 20During the project preparation, the technical consultant has been working with Binh Dinh Department of Transport to identify level of erosion and specific locations where soil erosion often occurs. 121 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Not affected There will be insignificant impacts on the 5 Ecosystem ecosystem as the project area is not an important natural area. Not affected The two new bypasses will cause some changes in the natural drainage flow Drainage direction due to the variation of surface 6 capacity elevation along the route. The road design will include vertical and horizontal drainage system to mitigate the impacts. Traffic safety risks Traffic safety risks will be better managed increase as traffic volume as the black spots will be resolved, is increasing while the segregation lanes are created to separate road is degraded and motorbikes and 4-wheel cars transport, and 7 Traffic Safety motorbikes continue to the road surface will be rehabilitated and share the same lane with improved. 4-wheel vehicles. Some sections of the bypass will be elevated or lowered than the current base elevation, cutting up production land pieces Residential areas and or separating residential land and Residential area production land keep production land. This impact will be 8 and land unchanged. minimized by including the design for an fragmentation underpass or making connection slopes between the isolated land pieces and the bypass to ensure traffic safety. 4.2 Analysis of Road Options 4.2.1 Options for the Pleiku City Bypass Two options for the road section bypassing Pleiku City are under consideration: (1) there will be a bypass of 13,2km long with the starting point at Km157+350 and the ending point at Km177 on NH19, including 2 new bridges of An My 1 (at Km7+900) and An My 2 (at Km16+500) and (2) the alternative bypass is 21km long with the starting point at Km147 and the ending point at Km177 on NH19, including 3 new bridges of Le Can (at Km2+600), An My 1 (at Km7+900) and An My 2 (at Km16+500). Both options run through agriculture land. Figure 8 - Pleiku Bypasses The level of impacts of the bypass options is presented in Table 54. 122 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Table 54 - Alternative analysis of the bypass around Pleiku City Content Option 1 (selected) Option 2 Area of land acquired Total acquired land is about 313,176 m2 Total acquired land is about 498,234 and number of and there will be 173 affected m2 and there will be 276 affected households affected households. households. Road length, 13.2 km. 21 km. excavated soil volume, The project will construct 2 small The project will affect forestland. waste generation bridges with the maximum length of 99 There will be 3 bridges constructed of m. The length of the road in this option which Le Can bridge is 231 m long. is shorter than that of the option 2 There will be more negative impacts therefore its negative impacts are less than those in the option 1. than those of option 2. Excavated soils and generated waste are Excavated soils and generated waste smaller than those in the option 2 are greater than those in the option 1 therefore the areas of material quarries therefore the areas of material quarries and disposal sites will be smaller. and disposal sites will be bigger. Excavated, backfilling waste, temporary Excavated, backfilling waste, storage waste and material temporary storage waste and material transportation would be less than those transportation would be greater than in the option 2. those in the option 1. The volume of backfilling and The excavated soil volume would be excavated waste would be 596,750 m3 949,375 m3 and the backfilling soil and 553,543 m3 respectively. volume would be 880,637 m3, greater than those in option 1. Impacts during The traffic safety risks are not resolved The project will ensure bettertraffic operational phase completely at the road section running safety than option 1 as the bypass runs through Dak Doa district town. around the densely populated Dak Doa town. 4.2.2 Alternative Analysis for the Section from Km155 to Km160 The cross-sections of road embankment and road top are 10 m and 7 m respectively. Based on the current status of the road section of NH19 running through Dak Doa town and the Master Planning of Pleiku City, the technical consultant has proposed 2 expansion options for the section. These options are analyzed and compared in Table 55 below. Table 55 –Comparing the Options for the Section from Km155 to Km160 Content Option 1 (Selected) Option 2 Cross section Widthroad surface =14m, Widthroadbed=16m Widthroad surface =21m, Widthroad base =25m Area of affected - Acquired land of 20,000m2. - It will acquire 55,000 m2 of land and land affect many people‟s architectures. Investment cost - Low investment cost which is about - Higher investment cost VND 73,512,363,576 (equivalence of USD 3,241,286) 123 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Alignment with the - It is in line with the current road of Dak - It is in line with the current status of planning Doa town. road surface in Pleiku City. However it does not have 5 m wide sidewalk on each roadside and a centered segregation line of 2m wide (total 33m wide) as requested by the province. Environmental The road size is smaller so that the The road size is bigger so that the impacts during impacts will be less than those in the impacts will be more than those in the operational phase option 2. option 1 Based on the analysis, option 1 is selected as the affected area and the investment cost will be lower than those of the option 2. 4.2.3 Alternative Analysis for the Construction of Bridges on NH19 The NH19 section running throug the project area currently has 12 bridges of which 4 bridges are located between Km50 and Km90 and 8 bridges are distributed between Km131+513 and Km247 with the cross sections ranging from 9m to 9.7m. As the road will be widened, the bridges should be expanded accordingly. The options for the bridge construction are analyzed in Table 56 below. Based on the analysis, option 2 is selected. Table 56 - Alternative Analysis for Bridges on NH19 Content Option 1 Option 2 (Selected) Proposed option Cross section of the new bridge Cross section of the existing bridge Cross section of the expanded bridge Cross section of the new bridge Solution - Expansion of 4 bridges, including Tan - Keep 4 existing bridges of Tan Lac, Lac, Thanh Binh, Nuoc Pit and Ia Thanh Binh, Nuoc Pit and Ia Blang Blang up to 12m wide. unchanged. - Construction of 8 new bridges, - Construction of 8 new bridges, including Bau Sen, Ba La, Ta Ly, Thau including Bau Sen, Ba La, Ta Ly, Thau Dau, Linh Nham, Le Can and An My Dau, Linh Nham, Le Can and An My. Comparison This option will ensure that the bridges The 4 bridges of Tan Lac, Thanh Binh, on NH19 have the cross sections in Nuoc Pit and Ia Blang have been conformity with the road width and invested recently thus these bridges will therefore the traffic safety risks are be kept unchanged, helping to reduce the reduced. project‟s investment cost. Besides, 124 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Content Option 1 Option 2 (Selected) However, the expansion of the 4 excavated and backfilling soil materials bridges will increase land acquisition, and area of acquired land will be smaller. site clearance as well as investment cost compared to those in option 2 as it will involve construction work for all 12 bridges on NH19. Conclusion This option is less feasible as the This option is selected as the investment investment cost will be higher and cost is lower and the environmental and environmental and social impacts will social impacts are less. be emerged at 4 locations where the bridges are expanded. 4.2.4. Solutions for at Km 65+800 on An Khe Pass There are 3 options proposed for the treacherous road section at km65+800: (i) Unchanging the curve radius R=20m but widening the road cross section from 7m to 8m for 100m long; (ii) increasing the curve radius R=40m and widening of the section from 7m to 8m for 220m long, (iii) increasing the curve radius R=125m, widening of the section from 7m to 11m and constructing a bridge on land with 630 m long. The analysis of alternatives is provided in Table 57: Table 57 -Comparing the options Content Option 1 Option 2 (Selected) Option 3 Excavated soil Rock excavation on average Rock excavation on Excavated soil volume volume of 3m (at the road centerline) average of 15m (at the road 340,000 m3 with excavated soil volume centerline) of 55,000m3 of 3,700m3 Budget 0.74 billion VND 11 billion VND 680.4 billion VND Environmental The option does not help in The option will help to The option will help to and Social reducing traffic accidents manage traffic safety and reduce traffic accidents but Impacts and soil erosion in rainy soil erosion risks. might increase the number season. of soil eroded locations. From the above analysis, option 2 is selected because its investment cost is at medium, the associated environmental and social impacts are limited while better address the issues of traffic safety and soil erosion. 125 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E CHAPTER 5. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN With the potential impacts and risks identified and assessed in Chapter 4, an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) has been prepared in this chapter with the aims of impact prevention and mitigation. Procedures for implementation, monitoring, supervision and reporting are also included in this ESMP together with Capacity building program and cost estimation. This ESMP consists of main contents as follows: - The measures to minimize the potential environmental impacts from Feasibility Study and Detailed Design stage to pre-construction, construction and operation phases together with implementation responsibilities; - Environmental Monitoring Program; - The Project Compliance Framework, including environmental and social supervision arrangements, fines applicable to non-compliance; - Capacity building programs; - Cost estimation; and - Grievance Redress mechanism. 5.1 MITIGATION MEASURES 5.1.1 Measures Incorporated in the Feasibility Study and Detailed Design The following measures were considered during the preparation of the feasibility study and will be integrated in the detailed designsto mitigate the potential socio-environmental impacts and traffic safety risks during operation phase: - The route closely follows the terrain. The designs ensure the technical and safety requirements (curve radius, longitudinal and horizontal slope etc.) are met. At the same time, minimise site clearance requirements. Specifically, the Pleiku bypass has shortest possible length with smallest possible affected households. The road sections to be improved follow the existing alignment. - The road shall be expanded equally at each side to maintain the existing landscape (existing houses are located 5-15 m from each road side) and avoid significant disturbance to traffic flow during both construction and operation phases. - The following measures have been incorporated into feasibility study and will be included in detail engineering design in order to enhance traffic safety along NH19: - Raise curve radius at some sections, particularly on An Khe bypass - Build four additional escape lanes will be built at Km62+158 (165m long), Km 63+200 (153m long), Km64+470 (175m long) and K km66+065 (128m long ) - Create separate lanes for motorbike at each side of the road - Plan trees such as bamboos outside the hard barriers installed at curvy section to stop vehicles from falling into abysses when accidents happen - Protect slopes with vegetation cover and concrete frames and/or embankments - Install additional vertical and longitudinal drains to enhance stability of the roads 126 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E - Build underpass or feeder roads with traffic safety control measures at intervals to maintain access for local communities to travel from one side of the road to the others. - Design the intersections between the by passes and NH19 with measures to ensure traffic safe. - Cost estimate prepared at feasibility stage included the costs of approximately 50 billions VND for repair, upgrade/build access road to construction sites including existing weak bridges on local roads Figure 9 shows the design of the intesections between NH19 and the bypasses in which traffic and safety control measures included Beginning point- Pleiku bypass (Option 1) Beginning point- Pleiku bypass (Option 2) Ending point- Pleiku bypass (Option 1) Ending point- Pleiku bypass (Option 2) Beginning point- An Khe Bypass Ending point- An Khe Bypass Figure 9. Design Intersections between An Khe and Pleiku Bypasses 127 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E 5.1.2 Measures to be Implemented in Pre-construction Phase 5.1.2.1. Measures to Prevent Safety Risks related to UXO Unexploded bombs and mines will be searched for removal right after completing the compensation for site clearance and before carrying out the leveling of the site. This is required to be made prior to the construction of new road sections and road enlargement. The project owner will sign contract with a military civil engineering unit or a professional organization for searching, detecting and destroying bombs and mines. The cost for clearing bombs and mines is estimated at around 6.6 billion Vietnamese Dong (equivalence of USD 300,000). 5.1.2.2. Measures to address the Impacts of Land Acquisition and Resettlement As discussed in Chapter 3, the Project would acquire permanently approximately 198 ha of land including 5.6 ha of residential land and 191.7 ha of agricultural land, and 0.7 ha of public land. 0.6 ha of agricultural land will also be acquired temporarily during construction phase. 1,103 households (915 HHs in Gia Lai and 188 HHs in Binh Dinh) will be affected by land acquisition.A total of 1.6 ha of acacia and eucalyptus plantations dispersedly planted on agricultural land will be acquired for construction of a new section to bypass An Khe town. To mitigate the potential impacts of land acquisition, Resettlement Actions Plans were (RAPs) were prepared for two provinces with estimated budget of approximately 304 billions VND. This budget will cover the costs of compensation and support, monitoring, management costs and contingencies. Details about compensations and supports paid to the affected households are presented below. Table 58- Compensation and Supports to Affected Households Amount (VND) Items Gia Lai province Binh Dinh Provice Compensation for Land (including 119,446,834,596 114,774,602,400 2% transaction costs) Agricultural land 34,919,334,800 3,426,120,000 Residential land 82,185,405,000 109,098,000,000 Compensation for structures 16,582,950,000 380,000,000 Compensation for crops and trees 290,940,000 865,530,000 Rice, crops 241,940,000 856,530,000 Crops temporarily affected 49,000,000 9,000,000 Support 9,256,254,400 64,200,000 Support in training, job change and job 7,659,054,400 6,852,240,000 search Livelihood Stabilization 1,267,200,000 6,000,000 Transportation 235,000,000 50,000,000 Support for vulnerable groups 95,000,000 5,000,000 Total (including transaction costs, management costs, independent 165,020,370,433 139,614,243,833 monitoring, management costs and 10% contingency) 128 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Compensation and supports given to the affected households will be based on the following key principles: All AP who have assets within or reside within the area of project land-take before the cut-off date are entitled to compensation for their losses. Those who have lost their income and/or subsistence will be eligible for livelihood rehabilitation assistance based on the criteria of eligibility defined by the project in consultation with the PAPs. If, by the end of the project, livelihoods have been shown not to be restored to pre-project levels, additional measures will be provided. Land will be compensated in cash at replacement costs. Those loosing 20% or more of their land will have to be assisted to restore their livelihoods through participating in the livelihoods restoration program set forth in the RAPs. The same principles apply for the poor and vulnerable people losing 10% or more of their productive land holding. Compensation for all residential, commercial, or other structures will be offered at the replacement cost. Additional efforts, such as economic rehabilitation assistance, training and other forms of assistance, should be provided to PAPs losing income sources, especially to vulnerable groups including women and female-headed HHs, disabled people, the elders and children. Individual graves are considered physical cultural resources (PCR), and even though the costs associated with their Resettlement will be covered in the RAP. For annual and perennial crops, and aquatic livestock which are not due to be harvested at the time of land acquisition, compensation will be paid to HH at full replacement cost. If community infrastructure such as schools, factories, water sources, roads, sewage systems, medical centers, distribution/transmission, communication and power cables are damaged and the community wishes to reuse them, the project will ensure that these are restored or repaired as the case may be, at no cost to the community. Public infrastructure directly related to people’s livelihoods and developmental needs, such as irrigation canals, schools, clinics, transportation road, electricity, telecommunication, cable lines will be restored/rebuilt to pre-project or higher quality levels or compensated at replacement cost. If the project need land temporarily for construction, the TSPMU rents the land of the owners complying with regulations stipulated by the Civil Law. Damaged caused to property will be restored to its former condition by contractors, immediately upon completion of civil works. Besides the compensation for affected assets, PAPs will be provided with financial assistance to cover their expenses during the transition period. The assistance levels will be adjusted, taking into account inflation factor and price increase to be appropriate to the payment time. For affected households who are from EM groups, in addition to the compensation and support provided to them, as indicated in the RAP for Gia Lai, affected EM peoples, and non- affected EM will receive additional socioeconomic benefits through participating in development program proposed in the EMDP for Gia Lai. For example, as surveyed, the first aspirations of Bahnar and Jarai affected persons are to get capital loans in order to develop their family businesses, receive benefits in cash and attend training courses related to investment using credits for business development. Following this line, households can borrow and average of VND 10 million/ household from the existing credit program(s) available at the project‟s participating communes, but this is not a part of the project. The PMUs of provinces and cities shall support the training and visits to the successful business models that may be suitable to Bahnar and Jarai households with a total budget estimated at 129 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E around 1 billion Vietnamese Dongs. One adolescent in each Bahnar and Jarai affected household will enjoy a training course worth 5,000,000 Vietnamese Dongs. Activities to build and enhance the capacity of Bahnar and Jarai low-income communities affected by the project will be organized with the estimated budget of around VND 10 millions/location. The total budget for implementing the EMDP is estimated at around VND 10,000,000,000. Compensation will be made to the affected households for the assets that are lost/affected, including their loss of income as a result of land acquisition.In addition to compensation, households who are severely affected will be provided with additional financial support for resettlement. They are also eligible for participating in the Livelihood Restoration Program that was designed based on their needs to assist them in promptly restoring their livelihood as a result of loss of land/business/crops, or as a result of physical relocation. In addition to the compensation and support, other measures will be taken to mitigate the potential adverse impact, including early notification of land acquisition (i.e. before 90 days for agricultural land and 180 days for residential land), resettlement site is constructed close to the existing households. During resettlement process, consultation will be conducted regularly to ensure comments and feedback of affected households are considered to avoid/mitigate the resettlement impact. Temporary impact on existing living and business activities will be mitigated by allowing the households to continue using their existing houses and running their current business until their new houses are ready to move in. Contractors will apply all possible mitigation measures to avoid and/or mitigate negative impacts on local people during construction with closely monitoring by PPMU and local community. Costs for implementation of the EMDP for Gia Lai is estimated at 744,000,000. Gender Mainstreaming: Below are some suggestive actions to promote gender equality through the implementation of RAP for Gia Lai and Binh Dinh, and the implementation of the EMDP for Gia Lai. Gender Action: As part of RAP implementation, the following gender actions will be made. - Participation.Women should be invited to all consultation sessions throughout project cycle, particular to consultation done in groups to allow them chance to express their opinion, concerns, and to provide feedback on their resettlement and income/livelihoods restoration process. Women are prioritized to work in the project on jobs that are suitable to them to earn extra income. - Well-informed of Project Impact. The potential impact of resettlement and livelihoods restoration should be further informed to the affected women so that they are fully aware of the potential impact on their household as well as their income generation activities, and as such propose measures that the project should do to avoid or minimize the impact. - Intra-household gender disparities: as the gender analysis indicates, women spend more time than men doing housework and care of their children. Some also work to earn extra income or do jobs that are typically done by men such as spraying of pesticide. As a result, the relocation process, particularly for those losing shelter, would apparently take them more time and effort and affects their ability to earn income, particularly those who work as hired labor, or are directly involved in crop care, or even travel out of their community for off-season jobs which apparently increase their burden. - Income/Livelihoods Restoration. As some households may change their jobs, i.e. households who depend on seasonal income – primarily from crops and/or fruit trees, 130 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E counseling and training of new jobs for this group should be done with the capacity of men and women in mind so as to ensure the training knowledge provided area applicable for them. - Safety Assurance. As women take care of children, they need to be notified/warned of potential risks that are inherent during the construction process and/or during the relocation of their houses. In many cases where both men and women are directly involved in the relocation/house building/new business operation, they need to arrange a safe, alternative person to take care of their children. - On the basis of gender based consultations, as mentioned above, the methods of compensation payment, particularly the coordination between PPMU, C/DBCLA, and severely affected households, will need to be worked out carefully to ensure difficulties and challenges potentially faced by severely affected households are avoided, or minimized if not avoidable. More consultation needs to be carefully done among affected EM households to ensure the support and compensation provided to them are cultural appropriate to them, and that both men and women will have opportunity to participate in and receive socioeconomic benefits that are to be provided to them through development activities proposed under the EMDP for Gia Lai. 5.1.3 Measures to be Implemented During Construction Phase As discussed in Chapter 3, the potential impacts and main risks that may occur during the construction include: (i) dust, emission, noise, vibration; (ii) wastewater; (iii) risk of surface water quality deterioration; (iv) risk of erosion and landslide, (solid waste and a small fraction of hazardous waste; (vi) impact on agricultural production; (vii) impact on biological resources; (viii) impact on business; (ix) impact on the society; (x) impact on the existing infrastructure and related services; (xi) traffic disturbance and traffic safety risks; (xii) risk of fire to the forest; (xiii) inundation; (xii) impacts on existing cultural and religious edifices and risk of exposing cultural objects; (xv) risk to safety and health of workers; (xvi) impact on the safety and health of the community. In addition, some special impacts by types of work, such as destructive explosion, construction of bridge or sensitive locations along the route, have also been identified. Below are the mitigation measures to be implemented during the construction phase of the project and presented by category: General mitigation measures presented as ECOP (Environmental Codes of Practice). ECOP will be applied to all bid packages by the contractors and supervised by the construction supervision consultant (or Engineer). Mitigation measure applicable to specific types of activities to be carried out; and Site-specific mitigation measures to address site-specific potential impacts and risks Bidding documents and construction contracts of each bid package will include the entire ECOP and specific mitigation measures by type of construction activity and location consistent with the work content in the bid package. The contractors will be required to prepare Site-Specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (SESMP) and submit to the Construction Supervision Consultant and the Traffic Safety Project Management Unit for review and approval at least two weeks prior to construction commencement. The SESMP will be prepared to meet the mitigation requirements described in below. 131 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E 5.1.3.1. Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOP) The mitigation measures for common negative impacts during the construction phase are presented in Tables 59 in the form of Environmental Codes of Practices (ECOP). ECOP will be included in all bidding documents and construction contracts of all bid packages to request the contractors to implement. ECOP compliance will be supervised by the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) in coordination with PMU. ECOP, together with relevant type-specific and site-specific mitigation measures will be included in the construction contract signed between the TSPMU and the Contractor. In addition, each contractor will be required to prepare Site-specific Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) to cover all measures that the contractor will carry out to address potential impacts and risks associated with the works that they are contracted to implement. - Impacts on air quality because of dust, exhaust, noise, and vibration - Wastewater - Solid waste - Reduced water quality - Flooding risks - Water pollution - Erosion and Sedimentation - Traffic Disturbance and Safety Risks - Impacts on organism, aquatic system - Impacts on urban landscapes, - Impacts on Cultural Heritages - Social Impacts - Community Health and Safety - Workers‟ Health and Safety - Hazard Risk - Chance findings 132 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Table 59 - Environmental Codes of Practices (ECOP) Environmental-social Respon- Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Supervised by issues sibility 1) Generated dust, - Maintain the level of emission at construction sites within the permissible limit - QCVN 05: Contractor PMU, CSC, emission, noise, provided for in QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on 2013/MONRE:National IEMC vibration Ambient Air Quality. technical regulation on - Vehicles in Vietnam must undergo a regular emissions check and obtain ambient air quality certification: “Certificate of conformity from inspection of quality, technical - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: safety and environmental protection” following Decision No. 35/2005/QD- National technical BGTVT regulation on noise - Carry out watering for dust control at least 3 times a day: in the morning, at - QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT: noon, and in the afternoon during dry weather with temperatures of over 25oC, National technical or in windy weather. Avoid overwatering as this may make the surrounding regulation on vibration muddy. - TCVN 6438-2005: Road - Exposed soil and material stockpiles shall be protected against wind erosion and vehicles. Maximum the location of stockpiles shall take into consideration the prevailing wind permitted emission limits directions and locations of sensitive receptors. of exhaust gas - Dust masks should be used by workers where dust levels are excessive - Decision No. - There should be no burning of waste or construction materials on site. 35/2005/QD-BGTVT on - Cement processing plants should be far from residential areas. inspection of quality, - Only use transportation vehicles with valid registry. technical safety and - Neatly gather construction materials and wastes. Arrange for the workers to environmental protection; collect and gather construction materials and wastes to the designated places at the end of each day or shift. - Do not overload the materials/soils and stones to extreme heights onto trucks, as this may result in drops along transportation routes. Tightly cover the trucks carrying wastes and bulk materials before getting out of construction sites or quarries and borrow pits so as to restrict scattering along transportation routes. - Put temporarily gathered materials and waste heaps with a volume of about 20m3within barriers or covered so as to avoid dust dispersion. - Transport wastes out of construction sites to the designated locations for reuse or to the disposal sites in the soonest possible time. - Do not put vehicles and machines to run idle in more than 5 minutes. - Avoid preparations of construction materials such as mixing concrete near local people‟s houses or other sensitive works like pagodas, school gates, or offices. - Locate vehicle washing stations at the exit/entrance of big construction sites. 133 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Environmental-social Respon- Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Supervised by issues sibility - Periodically wash the trucks used for transporting materials and construction wastes. - Avoid construction operations generating great vibration and loud noise within the time between 6pm and 7am when construction takes place near residential areas. Night construction must be informed to the community at least 2 days in advance. - Perform the method of successive construction for each sewer section in construction sites of long sewer lines. - Observe and secure construction progress correctly. - Set up 2.5m-high fences of corrugated iron around the construction sites. - When needed, measures to reduce noise to acceptable levels must be implemented and could include silencers, mufflers, acoustically dampened panels or placement of noisy machines in acoustically protected areas - Avoiding or minimizing transportation through community areas and avoiding as well as material processing areas (such as cement mixing). 2) Wastewater - The Contractor must be responsible for compliance with Vietnamese legislation - QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: Contractor PMU, CSC, management relevant to wastewater discharges into watercourses. National technical IEMC - Employ local workers to limit the amount of generated domestic wastes and regulation on domestic wastewater. wastewater; - Provide septic tanks for toilets for treating wastewater before it can be - QCVN 40: 2011/ discharged into the environment. On-site mobile toilets with 3-compartment BTNMT: National septic tanks can be used in areas for major work items as traffic roads. technical regulationon Wastewater from toilets as well as kitchens, showers, sinks, etc. shall be industrial wastewater discharged into a conservancy tank for removal from the site or discharged into municipal sewerage systems; there should be no direct discharges to any waterbody - Wastewater containing pollutants over standards set by relevant Vietnamese technical standards/regulations must be collected in a conservancy tank and removed from site by licensed waste collectors. - Clear ditches around the workers‟ camps every week. - Build sedimentation ponds and ditches to receive stormwater runoff at the construction sites such as the areas for Lam Ha 1 Lake, stormwater and wastewater pumping stations. - Make appropriate arrangements for collecting, diverting or intercepting 134 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Environmental-social Respon- Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Supervised by issues sibility wastewater from households to ensure minimal discharge or local clogging and flooding. - Before construction, all necessary wastewater disposal permits/licenses and/or wastewater disposal contracts have been obtained. - At completion of construction works, wastewater collection tanks and septic tanks shall be safely disposed or effectively sealed off 3) Solid waste - Before construction, a solid waste control procedure (storage, provision of bins, - Decision No, Contractor PMU, CSC, management site clean-up schedule, bin clean-out schedule, etc.) must be prepared by the 59/2007/NĐ-CP on IEMC Contractors and it must be carefully followed during construction activities. garbage management; - Before construction, all necessary waste disposal permits or licenses must be - Decision No, obtained. 38/2015/NĐ-CP dated - Solid waste may be temporarily stored on site in a designated area approved by 24/04/2015 on waste and the Construction Supervision Consultant and relevant local authorities prior to scrap management collection and disposal through a licensed waste collector. - Waste storage containers shall be covered, tip-proof, weatherproof and scavenger proof. - No burning, on-site burying or dumping of solid waste shall occur. - If not removed off site, solid waste or construction debris shall be disposed of only at sites identified and approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and included in the solid waste plan. Under no circumstances shall the contractor dispose of any material in environmentally sensitive areas, such as in areas of natural habitat or in watercourses. - Limit waste pollution from litter and drop of materials. Place dustbins at the workers‟ camps. - Temporarily collect and separate domestic wastes. Provide watertight dustbins for domestic waste and tightly cover them to avoid giving rise to bad odors and leachate leakage, attracting flies, mice and other pathogenic species. Periodically collect and transport the waste to the dispose. - Perform concrete mixing on impermeable ground. Collect waste and wastewater containing cement through drainage ditches with sedimentation pits in construction sites before being discharged into receiving waters. - Separate the components and parts which can be reused or recycled in the construction wastes before transporting the waste to Thung Dam Gai landfill in accordance with design documents acceptable to the supervision engineer. 135 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Environmental-social Respon- Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Supervised by issues sibility - Weathered soil, wood and bricks can be reused for useful purposes such as ground leveling. Wood scraps may be used for cooking. Corrugated iron, iron, steel, packing materials and other materials which can be recycled can be delivered and sold to scrap traders. - Collect waste and tidy up construction sites at the end of a working day/shift and the transport waste out of the construction sites in the soonest possible time. If dredged materials are to be temporarily stored, necessary measures must be applied to control pollution such as gathering them within enclosures, under coverings, within fenced areas, etc. with warning signs. - The Contractor will sign a contract with URENCO from Binh Dinh and Gia Lai to collect solid waste, conforming to Decree No. 59/2007/ND-CP dated 09 April 2007 on solid waste management and Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP dated 24 April 2015 on management of waste and waste materials. 4) Hazardous waste - Temporarily collect, store, and transported for treatment all hazardous wastes - Circular No. 36/2015/TT-Contractor PMU, CSC, management (road asphalt, waste oil and grease, organic solvents, chemicals, oil paints, etc.) BTNMT on hazardous IEMC in accordance with Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT on management of waste management; hazardous waste. - Decision No. - Collect and temporarily store used oil and grease separately in specialized 38/2015/NĐ-CP dated containers and place in safe and fire-free areas with impermeable floors roofs, at 24/04/2015 on waste and a safe distance from fire sources. Sign contracts with for oil and grease to be scrap management delivered to suppliers/ manufacturers - Chemical waste of any kind shall be disposed of at an approved appropriate landfill site and in accordance with local legislative requirements. The Contractor shall obtain needed disposal certificates. - The removal of asbestos-containing materials or other toxic substances shall be performed and disposed of by specially trained and certified workers. - Used oil and grease shall be removed from site and sold to an approved used oil recycling company. - Used oil, lubricants, cleaning materials, etc. from the maintenance of vehicles and machinery shall be collected in holding tanks and removed from site by a specialized oil recycling company for disposal at an approved hazardous waste site. - Used oil or oil-contaminated materials that could potentially contain PCBs shall be securely stored to avoid any leakage or affecting workers. 136 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Environmental-social Respon- Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Supervised by issues sibility - Unused or rejected tar or bituminous products shall be returned to the supplier‟s production plant. - Relevant agencies shall be promptly informed of any accidental spill or incident - Store chemicals appropriately and with appropriate labeling - Appropriate communication and training programs should be put in place to prepare workers to recognize and respond to workplace chemical hazards - Prepare and initiate a remedial action following any spill or incident. In this case, the contractor shall provide a report explaining the reasons for the spill or incident, remedial action taken, consequences/damage from the spill, and proposed corrective actions. 5) Water pollution - The Contractor is responsible for controlling the surface water quality when - QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT: Contractor PMU, CSC, discharging it out of the construction site, in accordance with QCVN 08- National technical IEMC MT:2015/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation on surface water quality regulation on and QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation on domestic underground water; wastewater quality. - QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: - Provide preliminary sedimentation ponds and ditches of stormwater runoff at the National technical construction sites such as the areas for roads, regulation lake. regulation on domestic - Provide construction workers on site with mobile toilets. wastewater; - Avoid excavation and backfilling during rains. - QCVN 40: 2011/ - Gather materials and wastes generated during excavation and backfilling, collect BTNMT: National and transport them out of the construction site to the approved disposal sites technical regulationon within the soonest possible time. industrial wastewater; - Do not allow temporary gathering of bulk materials and mixing of concrete - TCVN 7222: 2002: within 50m from ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, or other water sources. Maintain General requirements for maximum distances possible between the gathering points to water sources in concentrated wastewater the construction of Chau Giang river southern embankment. treatment plants - Store used and unused oil and petrol in closed containers on impermeable ground covered with roofs and contained within surrounding banks for easy control and collection in case of leakage. Do not locate oil and petrol storages within 25m from ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams. - Collect and transport excavated soils from the construction of sewers and ditches out of the construction site within 24 hours. - Only perform maintenance work of motored vehicles and equipment, including oil replacement or lubrication in designated areas, without allowing chemicals, 137 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Environmental-social Respon- Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Supervised by issues sibility petrol, oil, or grease to leak onto soil or into the drainage system or water sources. Trays are to be used to hold rags and materials used in maintenance. Collect and discard wastes in accordance with hazardous waste management regulation. 6) Impacts on plants - The Contractor shall prepare a Clearance, Re-vegetation and Restoration - Law on environmental Contractor PMU, CSC, and aquatic species Management protection No. IEMC - Plan for prior approval by the Construction Engineer, following relevant 55/2014/QH13 regulations. The Clearance Plan shall be approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and followed strictly by the contractor. Areas to be cleared should be minimized as much as possible. - Limit disturbances to areas with construction operations, especially in locations covered with green trees or vegetation. Do not use chemicals to clear vegetation. - Do not gather materials and wastes at places covered with vegetation or with green trees, but on vacant land instead. - Use sheet pile driving method using Larsen piles to limit impacts on the water quality. - If possible, green trees should be moved and replanted in other places if the trees are in the way of the pipelines to be constructed. - The contractor shall remove topsoil from all areas where topsoil will be impacted by construction activities, including temporary activities such as storage and stockpiling, etc; the stripped topsoil shall be stockpiled in areas agreed to by the Construction Supervision Consultant for later use in re- vegetation and shall be adequately protected. - Trees cannot be cut down unless explicitly authorized in the vegetation clearing plan. - When needed, temporary protective fencing will be erected to efficiently protect the preserved trees before commencement of any works within the site. - No area of potential importance as an ecological resource should be disturbed unless there is prior authorization from CSC, who should consult with PMU, IEMC and the relevant local authorities. This could include areas of breeding or feeding for birds or animals, fish spawning areas, or any area that is protected as a green space. - The Contractor shall ensure that no hunting, trapping, shooting, poisoning of fauna takes place. 138 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Environmental-social Respon- Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Supervised by issues sibility 7) Impacts on urban - Carefully cover transport vehicles for materials and waste and periodically wash - Law on environmental Contractor PMU, CSC, landscape and beauty and clean the vehicles. protection No. IEMC - Dismantle the camps as well as other temporary works set up during 55/2014/QH13 construction and restore the site before the completed work could be handed - TCVN 4447:1987: over to the subproject owner. Back fill and tightly seal toilet pits, septic tanks, Construction regulation and temporary sewerage ditches. - Circular No. 22/2010/TT- - Do not temporarily gather construction materials and wastes within 20m from BXD on requirements on the gate of schools, offices temples, pagodas, etc. safety - The Contractor will have to work out construction plans in such a way as to avoid the 1st and 15th days of each lunar month if construction is to be carried out near historical and cultural works such as pagodas, churches, temples, etc. - Regularly collect materials and wastes and tidy up the construction site. - Materials and waste around the construction site must be regularly collected and construction sites are to be neatly tidied up. 8) Sedimentation, - Avoid disturbances and damage to the existing vegetation and green trees. - TCVN 4447:1987: Contractor PMU, CSC, erosion, flooding, - Periodically and thoroughly remove soils, stones and wastes from drainage Construction regulation IEMC subsidence and slides sewers and ditches inside and around the construction site. - Circular No. 22/2010/TT- - Neatly gather materials and wastes so as to limit them being swept away by BXD: Regulation on stormwater. construction safety - Carry out ground leveling and rolling after discarding materials at disposal sites. - QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT – National technical regulation on surface water quality 9) Traffic - Before construction, carry out consultations with local government and - Law on communication Contractor PMU, CSC, management community and with traffic police. and transport No. IEMC - Arrange and provide separate passageway with safe and easy access for 23/2008/QH12; pedestrian and for people with disability and mobility issues especially the areas - Law on construction No. in proximity of schools, including easy wheel chair access and hand rail. Make 50/2014/QH13; staff available any time for helping people with disability if needed. - Law No. 38/2009/QH12 - Set up traffic and maintain instruction signs and warnings to secure safety for dated 19/6/2009 people and means of transport during construction. amending and - Put speed limit signs at a distance of 200m from the construction site. supplementing some - Carefully cover materials on trucks. Do not load to a height of 10cm higher than articles of the Law the truck body so as not to spill out and scatter materials onto roads, giving rise relating to capital 139 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Environmental-social Respon- Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Supervised by issues sibility to dust and endangering road users. Collect spilt soils and materials at the construction investment construction site each day to avoid slippery incidents for vehicles. - Circular No. 22/2010/TT- - Do not park vehicles in the roads longer than necessary. Do not allow BXD on regulation on construction vehicles and materials to encroach upon the pavements. construction safety - During construction near schools, deploy staff at the site to guide the traffic at the start of school time and when school is over. Water the roads to prevent dust, limit the speed of traveling trucks, do not allow flared horns, and do not dispose the waste and wastewater onto areas near schools. - Install night lighting of all construction sites. - Significant increases in number of vehicle trips must be covered in a construction plan previously approved. Routing, especially of heavy vehicles, needs to take into account sensitive sites such as schools, hospitals, and markets. - Installation of lighting at night must be done, if necessary, to ensure safe traffic circulation. - Employ safe traffic control measures, including road/rivers/canal signs and flag persons to warn of dangerous conditions. - Avoid material transportation for construction during rush hours. - Passageways for pedestrians and vehicles within and outside construction areas should be segregated and provide for easy, safe, and appropriate access. Signposts shall be installed appropriately in both water-ways and roads where necessary. 10) Influence to - Provide information to affected households on working schedules as well as - Decree No. 73/2010/ND- Contractor PMU, CSC, existing planned disruptions (at least 2 days in advance). CP on administrative IEMC infrastructure and - The Contractor must only use vehicles of sizes and loads within permissible penalization of violations services limits for the roads along such vehicles‟ route. related to security and - During the construction under power lines, deploy qualified staff to observe and social affairs give instructions to the drivers of cranes and excavators so as to avoid causing damages to power lines, telecommunications lines, etc. - Stop construction when existing works are damaged. Identify causes of related incidents and work out solutions. In case the damages are due to the Contractors‟ faults, the Contractors have to repair, recover, and compensate for all damages at their own expenses. The results of handling such damages must be approved by the Supervisor Engineer. - Reinstall the road surface and sidewalks at construction sites after the 140 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Environmental-social Respon- Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Supervised by issues sibility construction of sewer lines has been completed. - The contractor should ensure alternative water supply to affected residents in the event of disruptions lasting more than one day. - Any damages to existing cable utility systems shall be reported to the authorities and repaired as soon as possible. 11) Social mitigation - Inform the community at least 2 weeks before commencement of the - Decree No. 73/2010/ND- Contractor PMU, CSC, measures through construction. In case electricity and water supplies are to be disrupted, the PMU CP on administrative IEMC worker management must inform PAHs of the same at least 2 days in advance. penalization of violations - Employ local laborers for simple tasks. Instruct workers on environmental against security and social issues, safety and health before construction tasks are assigned. It is advisable to affairs communicate to migrant workers on local customs, practices and habits in order to avoid conflicts with local people. - The subproject owner and contractor are to cooperate closely with the local government in performing effective community sanitation in case of epidemic symptoms breaking out in the area. - The subproject owner and contractor are to cooperate with local authorities in preventing and fighting against social evils. Conduct sensitization campaigns with both workers and communities on these issues, liaison with local organizations to ensure monitoring, and a grievance redress system to which the community can refer to. - The subproject will cooperate with the local health agency in developing and implementing plans for control of diseases among workers. - Workers temporarily residing at the camps and rented houses must be registered with the local authorities for temporary residence. - Provide training on issues related to social security, social evils, diseases and epidemics, prostitution and drug use, environment, safety and health, HIV/ AIDS and infectious diseases for the workers within 2 weeks since mobilization of the workers in each construction contracts which last at least 6 months. This training is mandatory. - Prohibit workers from: - Consuming alcoholic drinks during working time - Quarreling and fighting - Gambling and indulging in social evils such as drug use and prostitution - Disposing of garbage indiscriminately 141 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Environmental-social Respon- Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Supervised by issues sibility 12) Control of - Do not gather materials and wastes within 20m from cultural, historical, and - Law on cultural heritage Contractor PMU, CSC, impacts on physical religious works such as temples, pagodas, churches, monuments, historic relics, No. 28/2001/QH10; IEMC cultural resources etc. Water spray the construction sites next to such works. - Amended and - Do not use machines generating loud noise and high vibration levels near supplemented Law on cultural, historical, and religious works. cultural heritage No. - In case of archeological objects being unearthed during the implementation of 32/2009/QH12; earthwork, all parties will conform to the following procedures: - Amended and 1. In case of archeological objects being unearthed during the implementation supplemented Decree No. of earthwork, all parties will conform to the following procedures: 98/2010/ND-CP 2. Suspend construction operations at the place of discovery; 3. Preliminarily describe the area where the archaeological objects are to be unearthed; 4. Strictly protect the area of the discovery so as not to damage or lose moveable objects. In case the unearthed objects are moveable or sensitive ruins, provide night protection until the local authorities, the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism or the Institute of Archaeology takes over these unearthed objects; 5. Inform the Supervision Engineer of the event and who in turn will immediately inform the subproject owner, the local authorities in charge of the case and the Institute of Archaeology (within 24 hours or less); 6. Local relevant agencies and the Vietnam National Administration of Tourism will be responsible for protecting and preserving such archaeological relics before making decisions on the next suitable formalities. The Institute of Archaeology may be needed in the preliminarily assessment of the unearthed objects. The significance and importance of such discovered objects will be assessed by different criteria related to the nature of cultural heritages; such criteria would include aesthetic, historical, scientific, social or economic values; 7. Decisions on handling such discovered objects will be made by competent levels. Such decisions can result in changes in site arrangements (e.g. when the discovered item is a cultural relic which cannot be displaced or is archaeologically important, it is necessary to preserve, recover and excavate it); 8. The implementation of such decision by competent agencies related to the management of discovered objects will be communicated in writing by local 142 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Environmental-social Respon- Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Supervised by issues sibility competent agencies; and 9. Only resume construction activities at the site after being permitted by the local competent agencies and the PMU in relation to safeguarding such relics 13) Community’s - The Contractor will have to conform to regulations in Circular No. 22/2010/TT- - Circular No. 22/2010/TT- Contractor PMU, CSC, safety and health BXD by the Ministry of Construction on safety in construction. BXD regulation on IEMC - The subproject owner and contractor are to cooperate closely with the local construction safety government in performing effective community sanitation in case of epidemic - Directive No. symptoms breaking out in the area. 02/2008/CT-BXD on - The subproject owner and contractor are to cooperate with local authorities in safety and sanitation preventing and fighting against social evils. issues in construction - Fence of excavation pits and open channels and make off with luminous cordon units and warning signs. Provide sufficient lighting when carry out construction at - TCVN 5308-91: night. Technical regulation on - Limit the speed of transport means to 20km/h within 200m from the construction safety construction site so as to minimize dust and noise. - Decision No. - Keep noise-generating machines and vehicles at such suitable distances that 96/2008/QD-TTg on noise transmitted to residential areas will not be higher than 70dBA. clearance of UXOs - Use static compacting when the road base is constructed near areas with many households and weak temporary works to restrict vibration. - The subproject will cooperate with the local health agency in developing and implementing plans for control of diseases among workers. 14) Workers’ health - Train workers on issues related to environment, safety and health, thus - Decree No. 22/2010/TT- Contractor PMU, CSC, safety enhancing their awareness of HIV/AIDS and infectious diseases within 2 weeks BXD on regulation of IEMC prior to the commencement of packages with construction items lasting at least construction safety; 6 months. - Directive No. 02 - Provide workers with and request them to use adequate safety gear such as /2008/CT-BXD on safety masks, helmets, shoes/boots, goggles, etc. depending on job characteristics. and sanitation issues in - Safely install power lines at offices and in construction sites and do not lay construction units; connectors on the ground or water surface. Electric wires must be with plugs. - TCVN 5308-91: Place outdoor electric panels in protection cabinets. Technical regulation on - Limit the speeds of vehicles traveling inside construction sites to be 5km/hour. safety in construction; - Provide fire-extinguishers, first-aid bags, and medical cabinets with sufficient - Decision No. medicines for treating general diseases in the locality must be provided at 96/2008/QD-TTg on 143 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Environmental-social Respon- Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Supervised by issues sibility construction sites. clearance of UXOs. - Safely store fuels and chemicals in areas with impermeable ground with roofs and surrounding banks, equipped with safety warning signs located at least 20m from the camps and at the end of prevailing winds. - In case of chemical and fuel leakage, the following steps will have to be taken: - Immediate check must be carried out to detect any possible case of injury. In case of injury, first-aid must be given and the injured person must be rushed to the nearest medical station for healthcare, and at the same time the case must be informed to the Supervision Engineer and the PMU; - Carry assessment to determine the kind of leaking/overflowing fuel/chemical; - Do not flush overflowing chemicals into drainage systems. Send staff with suitable safety gear to the site to handle the leakage by scattering sawdust (in case of small volumes of leaks/overflow) or sand (for high volumes of leaks/overflow). Use shovels to remove the surface soil layer if the leakage/overflow takes place on vacant land; and - Subsequent to the occurrence of such incident or accident, the Contractor will have to prepare a detailed report describing the incident and performed activities and submit the same to the Supervision Engineer and the PMU for consideration and filing. Such report will also be presented to the Department of Natural Resources and Environment or functional agencies at their request.. - Set up the camps with sufficient supplies of clean water, power, and sanitation facilities. There must be at least one toilet compartment for every 25 workers, with separate toilets for males and females. Workers‟ beds must be provided with mosquito nets so as to prevent dengue fever. Temporary tents will be unacceptable. - Clean camps, kitchens, baths, and toilets and sanitize regularly, and keep in good sanitation conditions. Provide dustbins and collect wastes daily from the camps. Clear drainage ditches around the camps periodically. - Stop all construction activities during rains and storms, or upon accidents or serious incidents. 15) Management of - All borrow pit locations to be used must be previously identified in conformity Contractor PMU, CSC, warehouses and with approved construction technical specifications. Sensitive sites such as IEMC borrow pits scenic spots, areas of natural habitat, areas near sensitive receiving waters, or areas near water sources should be avoided. An open ditch shall be built around the stockpile site to intercept wastewater. 144 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Environmental-social Respon- Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Supervised by issues sibility - Retaining walls are to set uparound disposal areas if necessary. - The use of new sites for stockpiling, gathering or exploiting materials necessary for construction operations must obtain prior approval from the Construction Engineer. - In case landowners are affected by the use of their areas for stockpiling, gathering or exploiting materials, such landowners must be included in the project resettlement plan. - If access roads are needed for these new sites, they must be considered in the environmental assessment report. - PMU‟s Environment Officer should conduct due diligence to make sure that borrow pits and quarries are legally operating by undertaking a rapid review of quarry sites to assess if operations are in compliance with Vietnamese laws and Bank requirements prior to construction. - Include the requirement that the contractors shall be required to buy materials from licensed borrow pit and quarry operators into the civil work contractual documents. 16) Communication - Open communications channels are to be maintained with the local government - Decree No. 73/2010/ND- Contractor PMU, CSC, to local community and concerned communities; the contractor shall coordinate with local CP on administrative IEMC authorities (leaders of local wards or communes, leaders of hamlets) for agreed penalization of violations schedules of construction operations in areas nearby sensitive places or during related to security and sensitive times (e.g. religious festival days). social affairs - Copies of Vietnamese versions of these ECOPs and of other relevant environmental protection documents shall be made available to local communities and to workers at the site. - Subproject information will be disseminated to affected parties (e.g. local authorities, enterprises and affected households, etc.) through community meetings before construction commencement. - A contact address will be provided to the community. - The community will be provided with all information, especially technical findings, in a language that is understandable to the general public and in a form convenient to interested citizens and elected officials through the preparation of fact sheets and news releases, when major findings become available during subproject phase. - Community concerns and requested information are to be monitored as the 145 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Environmental-social Respon- Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Supervised by issues sibility subproject progresses. - Inquiries must be responded by telephone and written correspondence in a timely and accurate manner. - Local residents must be informed about construction and work schedules, interruption of services, traffic detour routes and provisional bus routes, blasting and demolition operations, as appropriate. - Technical documents and drawings will be provided to local People's Committees, especially the sketch of construction areas and the EMP of the construction site. - Notification boards shall be erected at all construction sites providing information about the subproject, as well as contact information about the site managers, environmental staff, health and safety staff, telephone numbers and other contact information so that affected people could have a channel to voice their concerns and suggestions. 146 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment 5.1.3.2. Type- Specific Mitigation Measures Depending on the scope of work and type of auxiliary items of each bid package, the Contractors will be required to comply with the specific requirements described below. The CSC and PMU shall monitor the Contractor‟s compliance. Demolition of Existing Infrastructures The following measures shall be implemented in order to protect workers and the public from falling debris and flying objects: - Set aside a designated and restricted waste drop or discharge zones, and/or a chute for safe movement of wastes from upper to lower levels; - Conduct sawing, cutting, grinding, sanding, chipping or chiseling with proper guards and anchoring as applicable; - Maintain clear traffic ways to avoid driving of heavy equipment over loose scrap; - Provide all workers with safety glasses with side shields, face shields, hard hats, and safety shoes. Workers and Workforce Management A concern during construction phase of the a project is the potentially negative impacts of the workforce interactions with the local communities. For that reason, a Code of Conduct shall be established to outline the importance of appropriate behavior, alcohol abuse, and compliance with relevant laws and regulations. Each employee shall be informed of the Code of Conduct and bound by it while in the employment of the Client or its Contractors. The Code of Conduct shall be available to local communities at the project information centers or other place easily accessible to the communities. The Contractor is responsible for providing appropriate training to all staff according to their level of responsibility for environmental, health and safety matters. The Code of Conduct shall address the following measures (but not limited to them): - All of the workforce shall abide by the laws and regulations of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam; - Illegal substances, weapons and firearms shall be prohibited; - Pornographic material and gambling shall be prohibited; - Fighting (physical or verbal) shall be prohibited; - Creating nuisances and disturbances in or near communities shall be prohibited; - Disrespecting local customs and traditions shall be prohibited; - Smoking shall only be allowed in designated areas; - Maintenance of appropriate standards of dress and personal hygiene; - Maintenance of appropriate standards hygiene in their accommodation quarters; - Residing camp workforce visiting the local communities shall behave in a manner consistent with the Code of Conduct; and - Failure to comply with the Code of Conduct, or the rules, regulations, and procedures implemented at the construction camp will result in disciplinary actions. Prohibitions. The following activities are prohibited on or near the project site: - Cutting of trees for any reason outside the approved construction area; - Hunting, fishing, wildlife capture, or plant collection; 147 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment - Buying of wild animals for food; - Use of unapproved toxic materials, including lead-based paints, asbestos, etc.; - Disturbance to anything with architectural or historical value; - Building of fires; - Use of firearms (except authorized security guards); - Use of alcohol by workers during working hours; - Gambling should be strictly forbidden. - Washing cars or machinery in streams or creeks; - Doing maintenance (change of oils and filters) of cars and equipment outside authorized areas: - Disposing trash in unauthorized places; - Driving in an unsafe manner in local roads; - Having caged wild animals (especially birds) in camps; - Working without safety equipment (including boots and helmets); - Creating nuisances and disturbances in or near communities; - The use of rivers and streams for washing clothes; - Indiscriminate disposal of rubbish or construction wastes or rubble; - Littering the site; - Spillage of potential pollutants, such as petroleum products; - Collection of firewood; - Poaching of any description; - Explosive and chemical fishing; - Latrine outside the designated facilities; and - Burning of wastes and/or cleared vegetation. Security. Some security measures shall be put into place to ensure the safe and secure running of the camp and its residents. Some of these security measures include: - The list of workers must be registered to local authorities in accordance with existing Vietnamese regulations - Children under 14 years of age will hot hired under the Project - Adequate, day-time night-time lighting shall be provided; - Control of camp access. Access to the camp shall be limited to the residing workforce, construction camp employees, and those visiting personnel on business purposes; - Prior approval from the construction camp manager for visitor’s access to the construction camp; - A perimeter security fence at least 2m in height constructed from appropriate materials; - Provision and installation in all buildings of firefighting equipment and portable fires extinguishers. Any construction worker, office staff, Contractor’s employees or any other person related to the project found violating theses prohibitions will be subject to disciplinary actions that can range from a simple reprimand to termination of his/her employment depending on the seriousness of the violation. Workers Camps Workers’ Camp and Site Installation Requirement. Potential sites of workers‟camps were discussed with and proposed by local communities and authorities during consultations.Construction camp sites will have to be approved by local authoritiesand agreed 148 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment with local communities prior to their establishment. If additional camps and ancillary construction sites are selected, for following criteria must be used: - Construction sites, including concrete mixing stations and asphalt stations as well as construction camps will minimize the land occupation by setting them at the interchange areas where relatively large areas of land will be needed eventually. - Site offices shall be located at least 200 meters from any existing residential settlements Camp facilities should not be located in steep slopes; - Site offices, camps be located at least 100 meters from any watercourses, and be operated so that no pollutants enter watercourses. Camp areas shall be located to allow effective natural drainage; - All construction camps shall be zoned according to their use. For example, workers’ camp zone, sanitary facilities, offices, etc. - The workforce shall be provided with safe, suitable and comfortable accommodations. They have to be maintained in clean and sanitary conditions; - In every site adequate and suitable facilities for washing clothes and utensils shall be provided and maintained for the use of contract labor employed therein; - Potable water for human consumption shall be provided for at camps, site offices, medical facilities, and other areas. Potable water shall follow the National Standards for Drinking Water Quality, and the other municipal water will be in accordance with class A1 of QCVN 08-2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on surface water quality. - The camp can be characterized as a housing estate, and the water quota could refer to class A1 QCVN 08-2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on surface water quality. - Drainage, wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal of the construction site shall follow national regulations and the mitigation measures presented in the Contractor’s Waste Management Plan. Sanitary Facilities.In every camp site separate and adequate lavatory facilities (toilets and washing areas) shall be provided for the use of male and female workers. Toilet facilities should also be provided with adequate supplies running water, soap, and toilet paper. Such facilities shall be conveniently accessible and shall be kept in clean and hygienic conditions; - Where workers of both sexes are employed, there shall be displayed outside each block of latrine and urinal, a notice in the language understood by the majority of the workers “For Men Only” or “For Women Only” as the case may be; - Sanitary arrangements, latrines and urinals shall be provided in every work place on the following scale: Where female workers are employed, there shall be at least one latrine for every 25 females or part thereof; Where males are employed, there shall be at least one latrine for every 25 males or part thereof; - At every construction camp, there must be at least one septic tank. The wastewater from the tank shall not be discharged into any watercourses. The wastewater shall be periodically transported away by a water tank to the nearest treatment plant; - Sewage tanks shall be designed and installed by the Contractor(s) in accordance with the National Design Code for construction of camps. Medical Facilities. A medical and first aid kit shall be provided at each camp area. All consumables in the first aid kit should be checked and recharged regularly. Concrete mixing stations - Construction sites, including concrete mixing stations and asphalt stations will minimize the land occupation by setting them at the interchange areas where relatively large areas of land will be needed eventually. - Concrete mixing must be done on impermeable ground, waste and waste water 149 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment containing cement must be collected through drains with slurry sump on-site before being discharged into the receiving source. - The concrete mixing station must be at least 200 meters away from residential houses or other sensitive buildings such as buddhist pagodas, churches, temples, school gates, medical facilities and public agencies. Safety during Blasting Smal blasting is envisaged under the project for road work on An Khe by pass and An Khe pass which runs through steep rock. No house is in the project site at these road sections.Blasting method is electric ticking time explosion with a hole diameter of 30-50mm  and 2-2,5m depth. Volume of explosives used for each project sites are presented in Table 45. - The explosion of mines must comply with the safety rules on explosion of mines promulgated by the State in Decree No. 39/2009/ND-CP dated April 23, 2009 of the Government on industrial explosives. - Explosives and related equipment must be transported in specialized and highly safe equipment; Detonators must be stored in closed and shockproof box. Speed is limited to max 20k/ h for vehicle transporting explosive material and equipment. During the transport, any collision must be avoided and smoking is prohibited. Vehicles must be 50 m distant from each other. Fire prevention equipment must be available. - Organize the safe storage and supply of explosives. Make a construction diary book to record all the receipts and deliveries of explosives and detonators. - Before blasting is carried out, a detailed survey shall be conducted at nearby communities to evaluate the degree of impacts due to the blasting activity (e.g. possible damage to structures or infrastructure due to vibration, effects on animals, local residents, etc.). No blasting shall be allowed during nighttime unless prior approval is obtained from the government authority and the CSC. - Define the scope of guard, guardian and shelter at time of explosion. Define and announce the time of explosion. The radius of danger zone must be calculated according to the conditions at the site and in compliance with regulations on safety and storage, transport and use of explosives. - Before carrying out the explosion for demolishment, it is obliged to carry out the check and acceptance of each hole of explosive and the explosion grid, etc., in compliance with the regulations on check and acceptance of the drilling and mine explosion works. At the working locations, establish signboards and orders announcing the time of mine explosion ...from the commander-in-chief of the explosion for destruction work. - Clear the site, use a chainsaw and by hand to cut down trees within the construction area to prevent the construction process from any possible interruption. Non-duty persons are prohibited to enter the blasting area and the traffic must be temporarily suspended for a short period of time to ensure absolute safety against the explosion. - The Contractor shall take necessary precautions to prevent damage to special features and the general environment; organize the protection of dangerous area with signals, signboards, monitoring and command station within the limited boundaries of the explosion area. 150 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment - Announce in advance the explosion to authorities of the locality and to local people and explain the signals. - People should be at least 200 m away from the blasting point; - For the transportation, storage, process, package on site, connect, blasting and the disposal of the blasting, the procedure shall be in accordance with the Vietnamese regulations on Blasting; - Except for detonation, all the power and the light shall be turned off; - The excavation face shall be on the same level with the lining of surface. The distance is defined according to the factors of the intensity of the concrete and the character of the wall rock; - The safety examination shall be fulfilled after the blasting, whose the procedure shall be performed according to the Vietnamese regulations on blasting; - The quantity of blasting materials shall be carefully controlled according to the real situation. Earthworks, Cuts and Fill Slopes Management Earthworks, cuts and fill slopes shall be carefully managed to minimize negative impacts on the environment - All earthworks shall be properly controlled, especially during the rainy season. - The Contractor shall maintain stable cut and fill slopes at all times and cause the least possible disturbance to areas outside the prescribed limits of the works. - The Contractor shall complete cut and fill operations to final cross-sections at any one location as soon as possible and preferably in one continuous operation to avoid partially completed earthworks, especially during the rainy season. - In order to protect any cut or fill slopes from erosion, in accordance with the drawings, cut off drains and toe-drains shall be provided at the top and bottom of slopes and be planted with grass or other plant cover. Cut off drains should be provided above high cuts to minimize water runoff and slope erosion. - The Contractor shall use the excavated material from for filling unless the CSC consider the material unsuitable for filling; - Any excavated cut or unsuitable material shall be disposed of in designated disposal areas as agreed to by the CSC; 5.1.3.2. Site- Specific Mitigation Measures Stockpiles, Quarries and Borrow Pit Existing borrow pits or quarries located near the project area will be used. However, in case that new borrow pits and quarries are needed, the Contractor shall carry out the following activities: - Locations of stockpiles, quarries and borrow pits shall be identified and demarcated, ensuring that they are far away from critical areas such as steep slopes, erosion-prone soils, cultivated lands, and areas that drain directly into water bodies. Locations of 151 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment stockpiles, quarries and borrow pits shall be in non-productive land to the maximum extent possible and be approved by DONRE, PMUs the ECO; - Location of stockpiles, quarries, and borrow pits shall avoid sensitive areas such as nature reserves, scenic spots, forest parks, water source protection areas, etc; - An open ditch shall be built around the stockpile site to intercept wastewater; - Limit extraction of material to approved and demarcated quarries and borrow pits; - Stockpile topsoil when first opening the borrow pit. After all usable borrow has been removed, the previously stockpiled topsoil should be spread back over the borrow area and graded to a smooth, uniform surface, sloped to drain. On steep slopes, benches or terraces may have to be specified to help control erosion; - Excess overburden should be stabilized and re-vegetated. Where appropriate, organic debris and overburden should be spread over the disturbed site to promote re- vegetation. Natural re-vegetation is preferred to the extent practicable; - Existing drainage channels in areas affected by the operation should be kept free of overburden; - Prior to the initiation of construction, the materials stockpiles shall be constructed with peripheral storm water drains and interception ditches to divert storm water into rivers downstream, in order to avoid direct erosive impact from storm water. If necessary, sedimentation ponds will also be constructed to remove sands and other solids in storm water before it reaches the rivers downstream. - The design document indicates that the largest percentage of spoils will be rocks and stones. Thus in order to reclaim the stockpiles after dumping of spoils is completed, the top soil shall be removed before the site is cleared. The top soil will be placed on a corner of the disposal site. The location and pile structure will be taken into consideration for erosion control. The interception ditches and sedimentation ponds in the disposal sites will also be used to control loss of top soil due to erosion; - The Contractor shall ensure that all borrow pits used are left in a trim and tidy condition with stable side slopes, re-establishment of vegetation, restoration of natural water courses, avoidance of flooding of the excavated areas wherever possible so no stagnant water bodies are created which could breed mosquitoes; - When the borrow pits cannot be refilled or reasonably drained, the Contractor shall consult with the local community to determine their preference for reuse such as fish farming or other community purposes; - No foreign material generated/ deposited during construction shall remain on site; - Areas affected by stockpiling shall be reinstated to the satisfaction of the CSC. Spoil Disposal Sites If the Contractor proposes any new sites as disposal sites during the construction phase, they have to be approved by TSPMU and relevant local authorities. The contractor should ensure that these sites (a) are not located within designated forest or cultivated areas, or any other properties; (b) do not impact natural drainage courses; and (c) where they can cause future slides, (d) do not impact endangered/rare flora. Under no circumstances shall the contractor dispose of any material in environmentally sensitive areas. The final use of the disposal site shall be approved by the local government. Besides the requirements for the location of spoil disposal sites, the following actions shall be put into place: - Land owners shall be compensated if farmland is occupied for disposal sites; 152 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment - Before the commencement of the disposal operation, 30 cm of natural soil from the surface shall be first removed and stored at the site. This material will be reserved and used at the end of the disposal operation as cover material for the rehabilitation of the disposal site. - If the disposal site would be located near a river or water course, a retaining wall and/or interception ditch or settling ponds shall be built prior to the initiation of the construction activities. The surface runoff shall be retained and settled first before allowed discharge into the receiving water; - To ensure the stability of the spoil disposal site, the mortar rubble masonry pavement and grouted rubble toe protection shall be adopted to prevent erosion and maintain stability. - A drainage ditch shall be built around the disposal site to control surface runoff; - The construction of disposal sites and transportation of spoils at night is strictly prohibited near residential areas. The sites shall be watered for dust suppression during their operation; - Disposal sites close to patches of agricultural land will be limited in size to avoid damages to crops; Reconstruction of the bridges: - Inform the local authorities and communities of the construction plan and schedule, block off and demolition of the existing bridge, or any temporary disruption of services at least one month before start of the construction. - Install signboard directing the traffic diversion 600m from the bridge before the existing bridge is blocked off for demolition and reconstruction. - Provide a temporary bridge for the local traffic. - Fence off the construction sites by iron sheet of 2.5m high to ensure safety for people. - Signboards and fences shall be placed and maintained to safely block off access to the two ends of the existing bridge. Allocate staff to guard the site 24 hours per day. Ensure adequate lighting at night time. - Use steel Larsen pipe driving method to construct the coffer dam for bridge foundation. - Prohibit discharge or dumping of any wastewater, slurry, waste, fuels and waste oil into the river. All these materials must be collected and disposed of on land at the banks. The slurry and sediment shall also pump to the banks for disposal and shall not be allowed to discharge to the rivers directly. - Use the mobile toilets to avoid polluting the surrounding environment - During the construction phase, the contractor would arrange the marker posts, construction site signs, speed limit signs at the proper distance that easily visible of traffic participants. Staff must be deployed to keep an outlook on the traffic and give instructions and warnings, especially when vehicles come in and out of the construction sites or stop for loading and unloading of materials and waste. - Reasonably arrange time for materials transportation that avoid the peak hours from 6am to 8am and from 4 pm to 6 pm. - Regularly maintain, repair roads used for transporting the construction materials. - Request drivers to control the speed as prescribed: maintain vehicle speed to ensure the safety in accordance with regulations for the vehicles on the road when crossing the localities. - Strictly prohibit to use the air horn when crossing through the residential areas. 153 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment - Restrict the construction activities at night. If the construction activities at night are unavoidable or disrupt services (supplying electricity, water, etc.), the community must be informed at least one week in advance. - Restore the damaged infrastructure after construction completion Construction of New Bridges - The bridge works shall be scheduled to avoid the high river flow season; - Descriptions on measures for spill prevention, and sedimentation control, surface water flow diversion, reinstatement, etc. - Local authority and community shall be informed about the construction works the existing bridge with at least two weeks notice. - Equip life jackets, safety belts, ear plugs to workers when building bridge over a river or streamline. - Signboards and fences shall be placed and maintained to safely block off access to the two ends of the existing bridge. Allocate staff to guard the site 24 hours per day. Ensure adequate lighting at night time. - Life vests and protective equipment are provided to the workers and enforce the use when working in or above water surface, especially during construction of bridge abutments (2-3m high above the water surface); - For bridge construction, the waste shall be controlled strictly to restrict discharge or dumping of any wastewater, slurry, waste, fuels and waste oil into the water. All these materials must be collected and disposed of on land at the banks. The slurry and sediment shall also pump to the banks for disposal and shall not be allowed to discharge to the rivers directly; - After bridge construction, the works area shall be reinstated. - Concrete mixing directly on the ground shall not be allowed and shall take place on impermeable surfaces; - All runoff from batching areas shall be strictly controlled, and cement-contaminated water shall be collected, stored and disposed of at the approved site; - Unused cement bags shall be stored out of the rain where runoff won’t affect it; Used (empty) cement bags shall be collected and stored in weatherproof containers to prevent windblown cement dust and water contamination.; - All excess concrete shall be removed from site on completion of concrete works and disposed of. Washing of the excess into the ground is not allowed. All excess aggregate shall also be removed. - In the course of bore pile driving, the use of bentonite must be conducted inside a cofferdam made of earth or steel to prevent any spillage from overflowing into the environment and all the mixture of soil and bentonite and bentonite spilled over must be collected and the following forms of processing any spillage are recommended - Construction of bridge pier (abutments) on land: spillage of mixture of soil and bentonite although liquefied and bentonite will be primarily handled: Waste solution of bentonite will be collected into a collector drain, sump or cistern to avoid direct discharge within the construction site, then it will be deposited, preliminary dried and transported for disposal at a designated location either for recycling or recovering the betonite; 154 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment - Construction of piers adjacent to the flow: soil mixed with bentonite, even liquefied, and spilled bentonite will be either moved to storage yards on the shore or placed in containers for depositing or drying and then transported to indicate waste dumps for recycling and recovering the bentonite. - For any in water construction for bridges, there shall be strict waste control plan to restrict discharge or dumping of any directly discharge of wastewater, slurry, waste, fuels and waste oil into the water. All these materials must be collected and disposed at the banks. The slurry and sediment shall also pump to the banks for disposal and shall not be allowed to discharge to the rivers directly; - Reinstatement of watercourse crossings shall be carried out, including generic methods for all watercourse crossings and site-specific methods statements for significant or sensitive watercourse crossings; - After bridge construction, the works area, stream diversion, settlement pond areas and temporary bypasses shall be reinstated to the satisfaction of the ECO and SES. Construction of by-pass - Arrange the area for spraying and cleaning wheels of vehicles leaving the construction site. - Limiting disturbance green areas or vegetation cover outside the scope of construction. - Conducting excavation in areas with high positive slope, excavating in dry season; stabilizing slope before the peak period of the rainy season. Construction work will be arranged so that the surface area to reduce to minimum amount during periods of high rainfall (rainy season). The examination of the mud flow when it rains will be frequently done, particularly in areas close to the slopes. - Construction work at the intersection with urban roads, public roads must be struck to ensure the movement of people. - Designing temporary road so that people can cross in the agricultural landfragmented by deepening or embanking in An Kheand Pleiku bypass. Construct access roads inareas fragmented to ensure safety of people when crossing. - In rainy season, contractor will finish construction each segment of road base and compact to prevent soil erosion. Additionally, the contractors should regularly check the sections of embanking road before each rain, if there is possibility of erosion, contractors will continue to reinforce. - Maximise the use of excavated materials for reuse - Ensure that roadside slope will be replanted grass after construction completed. - Along the foot of the slope of two bypasses will be installed bulkhead to separate construction sites with around areas to prevent sediment spill into lower land areas along the road. 155 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment 5.1.3.3. Site-specific Mitigation Measures along NH19 and disposal sites The relevant site-specific mitigation measures along NH19 listed in Table 60 will be included into construction bidding and contractual documents of each bid package Table 60 - Site-specific Mitigation Measures along NH19 Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by Km 50 - NH19 passing Tả Giang residential area, Km51- Increased traffic Install fences and sign Included in Contrators CSC, PMU Km 59 residential Km52 safety risks surround disturbed areas to construction areas at separate construction areas contract values - Road Km50-Km52, provide adequate lighting at expansion Km53-Km54 night time and và Km57- Ensure adequate lighting at - Install Km58 night drains Do not load materials and wastes on the road, tidy up - Rebuild Đồng Phó residential area at the sites daily daily two Km53-Km54, houses are 7-10m Disrupt access to Provide temporary access to from roadside bridges roadside houses and houses and shops when access shops for drainage is disrupted construction Dust and noise Avoid activities generating exceed allowable high noise between 10 pm limits from 1.5 to 2 and 6 am times and 7 to Water the road, particularly 11.5dB, respectively excavation area, in hot, dry, Thường Sơn residential area at which would affect windy weather Km57-8, houses located at 5- 10m residential houses at from roadside) shops. Potential risks of Arrange staff to direct crane No cost CSC electrical shocks drivers 156 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by Electrical poles, Inform community two days No cost PMU/ CSC/ wires, water piles in advance before power cut Contractors/ must be relocated, off for poles relocation Local services may be authorities disrupted. Some trees may be Allocate staff to instruct Included in Contractors CSC cut down. crane drivers to avoid trees, construction Request the workers to avoid contract values damages to tree branches when carrrying out manual works Weak houses/structures may be Some weak Carry out inventory of weak No additional PMU, CSC, PMU, being cracked due to vibration structures at risk of structures before compaction costs Contractors Contractors being cracked Apply static compaction method at these sections only Rebuild Bầu Existing Ba La bridge at Water pipes and Inform communty at least two No additional PMU/ CSC/ PMU/ CSC/ Sen and Ba Km51+152 power poles would days in advance about service costs Contractors/ Contractors/ La bridges be relocated, service disruption, at at least one Local Local may be interrupted week before blocking the new authorities authorities bridges Increase safety risks Install signboards, barriers Included in Contractors CSC and fences to separate the construction construction sites with roads contract values Existing Bầu Sen bridge at and residential areas Km50+578 Disrupt traffic on the Build temporary access road Included in two existing bridges before demolishing the construction existing bridge for contract values reconstruction Contractors CSC, PMU 157 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by High noise levels Avoid piple driving between No additional from pile driving 10 pm and 6 am costs Water pollution due Direct and collect bentonite Included in to bentonite from storage tank construction drilling contract Safety risks for Install nets along the bridge, values workers when provide lifevest and belts, working at height hard hats and force the and on water surface workers to use NH19 passing Increased traffic and Inform school managers at Included in Contractors CSC, PMU some schools safety risks for least one week in advance. construction students and Install speed limit at 5km/h contract values teachers. sign at the two ends of the section Arrange staff to direct traffic at school opening and school over time at sections in front of the school. Install fence and warning signs open holes, channels Tây Giang, Võ Lai High School, Do not load materials and 35-40m from road side at Km wastes within 50 m from 54+150 and Km54+250 school gates Do not load or unload materials during rush hours Disturb or disrupt Use pre-cased boxed drain to access to schools minimise construction period during drainage Tây Giang Kinder gartent, located installation 30m from roadside 158 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by NH19 passing Constrution materials Install fences separate Included in Contractors CSC, PMU agricultural and wastes may fall temporary loading areas with construction land at Km58- into agricultural land agricultural land contract values Km59. and damage the trees Do not load construction waste within 10 m from crop land Agricultural land The Pass is on Increased traffic Install reflective fences, Included in Contractors CSC, PMU high mountain safety risks at curvy warning and speed limit signs construction with abyss, sections at 5km/h at construction area contract values many curves Safety riks for Arrange staff to direct traffic Km 59 - with limited community and at curvy sections Km 67 visions workers related to Tidy up the site regularly (On An Some sections blasting and high Provide adequate lighting at Khe pass): have HV voltage power lines night - Road power poles Damages to the HV Cover and place signs at open expansion run near by, power lines at trenches - Install and crossing location crossing Implement the mitigation drains NH19 at one NH19 meaures related to blasting as - Buil new location presented in Section 5.3.2 of emergency Curvy sections, blasting will be carried out the ESMP exist Increase landslide Install temporary drains - Slop risks in rainy weather during construction phase stabilisatio Landslide and during Workers avoid standing at the n happened at construction phase. foot of slopes at risks if not some necessary, avoid parking locations machines and vehicles at Landslide happening these locations 159 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by - Bush fire risks Train the workers and Included in Contractors CSC, PMU related to workers‟s monitor compliance with construction behaviours, worker‟s codes of conducts contract values particularly in dry Provide adequate protective Plantations season. cloths for the workers and along the side - Safety risks to enforce the use workers related to Acacia and eucaluptus plantations toxic/harmful insecs along the road such as snakes or bees Km 67 - + NH19 Increased traffic Install fences and sign Km 76: passing safety risks surround disturbed areas to residential separate construction areas Included in Contractors CSC, PMU Road area at Km69- provide adequate lighting at construction expansion, Km71 and night time contract values Km72-Km76 Ensure adequate lighting at Install night drains Residential area at Ngô Mây road, Do not load materials and located 10-15m from roadside wastes on the road, tidy up the sites daily daily Disrupt access to Provide temporary access to Included in houses and shops due houses and shops when access construction to drainage is disrupted contract values Contractors CSC, PMU construction Dust and noise Avoid activities generating No cost incurred exceed limits 1.5 high noise between 10 pm Residential area at Song An times and 11.5dB. and 6 am Included in commune, located 10-15m from Water the road, particularly construction Contractors CSC, PMU roadside excavation area, in hot, dry, contract windy weather 160 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by Relocation of Inform community two days electrical poles and in advance before power cut No cost incurred wires, water piles, off for poles relocation Contractors CSC, PMU service may be disrupted. Some Carry out inventory of weak No costs Contractors, weak/temporary structures before compaction CSC and PMU structures at risk of Apply static compaction Included in CSC, PMU being cracked method at these sections only construction contracts NH19 passing Increased traffic and Inform school managers at No costs Contractors, Hoa Mai and safety risks for least one week in advance. incurred PMU Tuoi Tho students and Install speed limit at 5km/h Included in Contractors CSC, PMU kindergartents teachers. sign at the two ends of the Construction , Trần Phú section contracts primary Arrange staff to direct traffic school at school opening and school over time at sections in front Tuổi Thơ Kindergartent , 30 m of the school. from roadside at Km 75+850 Install fence and warning signs open holes, channels Do not load materials and wastes within 50 m from school gates Do not load or unload materials during rush hours Trần Phú school, 30 from roadside Disrupt access access Use pre-cased boxed drain to Included in Contractors, at Km72+700 to the schools during minimise construction period construction CSC, PMU pipe installation contracts 161 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by NH 19 Construction Do not load materials or No costs Contractors passing Ngọc materials and wastes wastes within 50 m from incurred An monastic may affect these structures CSC, PMU and (15-20m aesthetical values of from road the area side), Xà Obtruct access to the Schedule to minimize or No costs Contractors, Temples Xà temple, located 30m monastic and temple avoid construction during full incurred CSC, PMU from roadside at Km moon or the first day of lunar 69+300 months Pine forest Damages to the trees Train the workers on the Included in Contractors, along Km67- and vegetation cover codes of conduct and monitor Construction CSC and PMU CSC, PMU Km68 outside construction compliance, particularly do and CSC area not set fire if not authorised Contract values Increased bushfire establish fire prevention Included in Contractors, CSC, PMU Pine forest at 10-15m from risks, particularly in corridor along the section construction local road side dry season passing the forest contracts authorities November to April Constructi The bypass Increased traffic Install “construction site” and Included in Contractors, on of new intersects with safety risks at the speed limit signs at the two construction CSC, PMU An Khê the existing intersections with the ends of each intersection; contracts bypass NH19 at existing NH 19 Arrange staff to direct traffic including Km70+740 during busy hours drains and and Intersection at the Avoid loading materials and six bridges Km83+600 beginning point wastes at locations that may block the views of drivers. Power lines and Inform community two days No cost incurred poles at the ending in advance before power cut point need to be off for poles relocation Contractors CSC, PMU Intersection at the relocated, power ending point supply may be disruppted 162 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by + Build six High noise levels Avoid piple driving between No cost incurred new bridges from pile driving 10 pm and 6 am Contractors CSC, PMU including Đá Lật, Suối Đá Water pollution due Direct and collect bentonite Included in 2, Suối Vôi, to bentonite from storage tank construction Contractors CSC, PMU Sông Ba, Suối Proposed location of Sông drilling Contract Dồn 1 và Suối Ba bridge at Km6+108 Safety risks for Install nets along the bridge, Included in Dồn 2. workers when provide lifevest and belts, construction working at height hard hats and force the Contract Contractors CSC, PMU and on water surface workers to use Over clearance of Do not load materials, wastes vegetation cover and and machines on vegetated No cost incurred trees at the land outside construction Contractors CSC, PMU Proposed location of Suối construction sites areas. Đá Lật at Km0+155 + The bypass Some existing Rebuild and connect Included in passing rice irrigation canals shall compensatory canals before construction field, one be affected blocking off the affected Contract Contractors CSC, PMU 1400m will be canal section filled to Separate thus disrupt Inform community about Included in height 2.5- accessibility to construction schedule at least construction 7.5m higher The Bypass passing area agricultural land, one crop in advance Contract Contractors CSC, PMU than existing subjected to flooding at particularly during Prioritise the construction of ground Km0+100 seedling and temporary/ permanent access harvesting seasons to maintain accessibility from one to the other side of the road Arrange staff to assist local people when carrying heavy The bypass cutting loads crossing the roads through rice field at Km3 Increased safety riks Arrange specific locations for No additional for local people, local passing the road, restrict costs particularly the access to construction sites Contractors CSC, PMU 163 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by farmers Construction Minimise temporary loading No additional materials00 and of materials and wastes near costs wastes may fill up crop land, levelling the Contractors CSC, PMU agricultural land, materials as soon as possible irrigation canals Flooding risks in Priority the construction of No additional rainy season due to drainage along the road; build costs embankment effect temporary drains Contractors CSC, PMU The bypass Separate agricultural Build temporary and Included in passing low land, particularly permanent access so as local construction hill, during the harvesting people can move safely from Contract Contractors CSC, PMU excavation to season of sugar canes one side to the other side of 3-4m deep at and cassaava during the road Km0-Km5, September to Schedule construction to No costs Km4 and to 6 m December avoid extensive incurred deep along excavation/filling during 160 m at September – December Km6+640- Landslide risks at Build temporary drains along Included in Km6+800 deeply excavated the alignment construction areas Level and protect slops/walls Contract Contractors CSC, PMU Km6+700 created from landsliding risks Social conflicts inform community about No additional between the workers construction schedule at least costs and ethnic one month in advance communities Hire local labours to carry out Included in manual works construction Contract 164 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by The bypass Dust and noise level Water the disturbed areas in Included in passing some exceed limits three hot and dry days construction residential times and 11.5dB, Minimise the volume of Contract Contractors CSC, PMU areas. respectively. wastes and materials No additional temporary loaded at the site costs Residential area at the Power supply will Inform communities at least No additional ending section of the bypass be disrupted due to two days before power cut off costs pole relocation. Contractors CSC, PMU Increased traffic and Install warning and 5km/h Included in safety risks. speed limit signs construction Arrange staff direct traffic in Contract Contractors CSC, PMU rush hours, An existing house at Km4+500 Ensure adequate lighting at night time The bypass Damages to the trees Train the workers on the Included in CSC cut through and vegetation cover codes of conduct and monitor and construction Contractors, some outside construction compliance, particularly do Contract CSC and PMU CSC, PMU eucalyptus area not set fire if not authorised plantations at: Increased bushfire establish fire prevention Included in Km0+ 150- risks, particularly in corridor along the section construction 400, dry season during passing the forest Contract Contractors CSC, PMU Km0+750-1+ November to April 150, Km1+600- 2+200, Plantations at 2+400- Km2+200, Km3+800 Km3+800 Access Access road at Dust and noise; Water the road section Included in road to An Km2+800, passing residential houses in construction Khe 4+500, 9+800 dry weather Contract Contractors CSC, PMU Bypass and 12 Collect and clean up materials and waste dropped on the 165 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by road Increased traffic Place sign boards at the safety risks; beginning point of the access houses 5 m from main road road Arrange staff to direct traffic when there are bulky construction plants entering/leaving the site Damages or degrade Rehabilitate the road when existing roads damages are caused Reinstate the road before construction is completed Km 76 - NH19 passing Noise level exceed Inform communities about Km An Khê stadard from 7- construction schedule at least 82+200: populated 11,5dB; two weeks in advance No additional Contractors CSC, PMU Resurfaco residential Dust also exceed Avoid carrying out activities costs mg area standards during road that generate high noise excavation between 10 pm and 6 am Included in Water the road before construction houses are 5-10m from excavation Contract roadside Increase traffic and Install warning signs and No costs safety risks signboards incurred Cover open holes and Contractors CSC, PMU trenches Load materials and wastes Included in tidily, remove the wastes Construction from construction sites on Contracts Kanak intersection daily basis Arranges staff to direct traffic in rush hours 166 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by NH19 passing Increased traffic and Inform school managers at No costs Mai Anh and safety risks for least one week in advance. incurred Sơn Ca students and Install speed limit at 5km/h Included in Contractors CSC, PMU kindergartens teachers. sign at the two ends of the Construction and Nguyễn section Contracts Khuyến Arrange staff to direct traffic highschool. at school opening and school over time at sections in front of the school. Install fence and warning Sơn Ca, Mai Anh signs open holes, channels kindergartent located 20m Do not load materials and from roadside wastes within 50 m from school gates Do not load or unload materials during rush hours Disrupt access access Use pre-cased boxed drain to Included in Nguyễn Khuyến, 20 m to the schools during minimise construction period Construction from roadside pipe installation Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU NH19 passing Aesthetical impacts Do not load materials within No costs An Khe and Disturb church pray 50 m from the churches incurred Cho Do activities, Avoid construction activirtes Contractors CSC, PMU Churches An Khê Church, 30m from particularly on along this on Sunday, roadside; Chợ Đồn Church, Sunday and Christmast and Easter 20m from roadside Christmas NH19 passing Disturb/disrupt Inform businesses at least one No costs Contractors, Đồn market business week before construction incurred local Dust affect public commencement authorities health Water the road before CSC, PMU Increased traffic excavation at least three Included in Contractors Đồn market located at 10m safety risks times/day in dry season Construction 167 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by from roadside Do not load materials and Contracts wastes within 50 m from the market Km Nh19 passing Increased traffic Install fences and sign Included in 82+200 - popular safety risks surrounding disturbed areas to Construction Km 90: residential separate construction areas Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU areas located provide adequate lighting at Road 10-15m from night time expansion road side at Ensure adequate lighting at Km82-Km88 night Install Do not load materials and drains Power lines wastes on the road, tidy up running along the sites daily daily Rebuild and passing Disrupt access to Provide temporary access to Included in two the section roadside houses and houses and shops when access Construction bridges shops due to pipe is disrupted Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU trenching for drainage Dust and noise Avoid activities generating No costs exceed allowable high noise between 10 pm incurred limits 1.5-2 times and 6 am Contractors CSC, PMU Cư An và Tân An and 11.5dB, Water the road, particularly Included in Residential area 10m from respectively affecting excavation area, in hot, dry, Construction roadside) residential houses at windy weather Contracts shops. Electrical poles and Inform community two days No costs wires, water piles in advance before power cut incurred may be relocated, off for poles relocation Contractors CSC, PMU service may be disrupted. 168 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by Some Carry out inventory of weak Included in weak/temporary structures before compaction Construction structures at risk of Do not allow vibration Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU being cracked compaction, apply static compaction method at these sections only Rebuild two power poles would Inform communty at least two Included in new bridges, be relocated, service days in advance about power Construction Ta Ly và may be interrupted cut off Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Thầu Dầu Disrupt traffic on the Build temporary access road Included in Existing Ta Ly bridge at Km83+894 two existing bridges before demolishing the Construction existing bridge for Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU reconstruction Inform community at at least one week before blocking the new bridges Existing Thầu Dầu bridge at High noise levels Avoid piple driving between No costs Km87+390 from pile driving 10 pm and 6 am incurred Contractors CSC, PMU Water pollution due Direct and collect bentonite Included in to bentonite from storage tank Construction drilling Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Safety risks for Install nets along the bridge, Included in workers when provide lifevest and belts, Construction working at height hard hats and force the Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU and on water surface workers to use NH19 passing Increased traffic and Inform school managers at No costs school and safety risks for least one week in advance. incurred kindergartens students and Install speed limit at 5km/h Contractors CSC, PMU teachers. sign at the two ends of the section 169 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by Lê Qúy Đôn primary school, 30m Arrange staff to direct traffic Included in from roadside at school opening and school Construction over time at sections in front Contracts of the school. Install fence and warning signs open holes, channels Tuổi Thơ kindergartent, 20m Do not load materials and from roadside wastes within 50 m from school gates Do not load or unload materials during rush hours Disrupt access access Use pre-cased boxed drain to Included in to the schools during minimise construction period Construction Hoa Mai kindergartent, 30m from pipe installation Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU road side) NH 19 Disrupt access to the Use box drains for this Included in passing a Church and cemetery section Construction church and a due to drainage Provide temporary aceess Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU cemetery installation crossing the trench An Sơn Church, 10m from disturb religious Schedule construction to Included in roadside) activities at the avoid Sunday and Christmast Construction Church and other time, the first and fullmoon of Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU activities at the lunar months cemetery Arrange staff to direct traffic An Sơn cemetery, 40m from when there are vehicles roadside at Km entering or leaving cemetery Km Passing Increased traffic and Install warning signs and Included in 131+300 - populated safety risks, signboards Construction Km 135: areas in Kon particularly at the Arrange staff to direct traffic Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Dỡng town main T junction of in rush hours Resurfacin Kon Dỡng town Cover open holes and g T junction at Kon Dỡng trenches 170 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by town Load materials and wastes tidily, remove the wastes from construction sites on daily basis Central garden at Kon Noise level exceed Inform communities about Included in Dỡng town limits from 7 to 11.5 construction schedule at least Construction dB. two weeks in advance Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Avoid carrying out activities that generate high noise between 10 pm and 6 am Visual impacts on Do not load materials and Included in urban landscape wastes within 50 m from the Construction central gardens or any urban Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU landscaping sites. Limit construction activities at the weekend near the parks NH19 passing Increased traffic and Inform school managers at No costs Kon Dỡng 1 safety risks for least one week in advance. incurred primary students and Install speed limit at 5km/h Contractors CSC, PMU school teachers. sign at the two ends of the Included in section Construction Arrange staff to direct traffic Contracts at school opening and school over time at sections in front of the school. Kon Dỡng primary school, Install fence and warning 30m from roadside signs open holes, channels Do not load materials and wastes within 50 m from school gates Do not load or unload 171 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by materials during rush hours Disrupt access access Use pre-cased boxed drain to Included in to the schools during minimise construction period Construction pipe installation Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU NH19 passing Disrupt access to the Use box drains for this Included in Minh Châu Church and pagoda section Construction pagoda and to drainage Provide temporary aceess Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Châu Khê installation crossing the trench church Châu Khê paris 35m from disturb religious Schedule construction of the Included in road side activities at the section passing the Church to Construction Church and pagoda avoid Sunday and Christmast Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU time Schedule construction of the section passing the pagoda to Minh Châu Pagoda 20m avoid the first and fullmoon from road side of lunar months Km 135 - NH19 passing Increased traffic and Install warning signs and Included in Km populated safety risks signboards Construction 152+500: residential Arrange staff to direct traffic Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU road areas at 7- in rush hours expansion, 15m from Cover open holes and Build road side at trenches drainage, Km136- Load materials and wastes Rebuild Km139, Residential area at Năm tidily, remove the wastes bridges Km144- Đạt T junction (Km139) from construction sites on Km146 and daily basis Km147- Disrupt access to Provide temporary access to Included in Km152. roadside houses and houses and shops when access Construction Powerline shops due to pipe is disrupted Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU 172 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by running on trenching for the right drainage - Noise level exceed Avoid activities generating Included in standard 7-11.5 dB, high noise between 10pm and Construction affecting residents. 6 am Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Residential area, some weak/ temporary Power lines and inform community at least Included in structures, power lines poles must be one week before power cut Construction must be relocated relocated, power off. Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU supply may be disrupted Weak/temporary Carry out inventory of weak Included in structures at risks of structures before compaction Construction being use static compactors instead Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU cracked/damages vibrating compactors Rebuild 3 power poles would Inform communty at least two Included in bridges be relocated, service days in advance about power Construction namely Linh may be interrupted cut off Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Nham, Lệ Cần and Vàng Disrupt traffic on the Build temporary access road Included in Linh Nham Bridge at two existing bridges before demolishing the Construction Km136+308 existing bridge for Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU reconstruction Inform community at at least one week before blocking the new bridges High noise levels Avoid piple driving between No costs Vàng Bridge at from pile driving 10 pm and 6 am incurred Km144+400 Contractors CSC, PMU Water pollution due Direct and collect bentonite Included in to bentonite from storage tank Construction drilling Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU 173 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by Safety risks for the Install nets along the bridge, Included in workers when provide lifevest and belts, Construction working at height on hard hats and force the Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Lệ Cần Bridge at on water workers to use Km149+045 NH19 passing Increased traffic and Inform school managers at No costs Trần Phú safety risks for least one week in advance. incurred Secondary Trần Phú School, K‟Dang students and Install speed limit at 5km/h Included in Contractors CSC, PMU and Tân Bình teachers. sign at the two ends of the Construction kindergartents section Contracts Arrange staff to direct traffic highschool, 30m from road side at school opening and school over time at sections in front of the school. Install fence and warning signs open holes, channels K‟dang kindergartent, 5-10m Do not load materials and from roadside wastes within 50 m from school gates Do not load or unload materials during rush hours Disrupt access to the Use pre-cased boxed drain to Included in Tân Bình kindergartent, 50m schools during pipe minimise construction period Construction from roadsid installation Provide temporary access Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU over open trenches NH19 passing Disrupt access to the Use box drains for this Included in Bửu Tân pagoda due to section Construction pagoda drainage installation Provide temporary aceess Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU crossing the trench 174 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by Pagoda Bửu Tân, 10-20m Schedule construction of the disturb religious Included in from road side section passing the pagoda to activities at the Construction pagoda avoid the first and fullmoon Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU of lunar months Km Nh19 passing Increased traffic and Install warning signs and Included in 152+500 - Đak Đoa safety risks, signboards Construction Km 155: town with particularly at the Arrange staff to direct traffic Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU high main T junction of in rush hours Resurfacin population Kon Dỡng town Cover open holes and g density trenches Load materials and wastes tidily, remove the wastes from construction sites on daily basis Noise level exceed Inform communities about Included in standard 7-11.5 dB, construction schedule at least Construction affecting residents, two weeks in advance Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU dust. Avoid carrying out activities Residential area at Đắk Đoa that generate high noise town between 10 pm and 6 am Water the road before excavation - Impacts on urban CoCollect and transport the Included in landscape and waste to disposal site daily Construction sanitation Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU NH19 passing Increased traffic and Inform school managers at Included in Đắk Đoa 2 safety risks for least one week in advance. Construction Primary students and Install speed limit at 5km/h Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU school, Đắk teachers. sign at the two ends of the đoa and section Nguyễn Huệ Arrange staff to direct traffic 175 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by high schools at school opening and school over time at sections in front of the school. Install fence and warning signs open holes, channels Primary school No.2 Đắk Do not load materials and Đoa, Secondary School, wastes within 50 m from Nguyễn Huệ High school , school gates 20m from roadside Do not load or unload materials during rush hours Disrupt access access Use pre-cased boxed drain to Included in to the schools during minimise construction period Construction pipe installation Provide temporary access Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU over open trenches Km 155 - NH19 passing Increased traffic and Install warning signs and Included in Km 160: residential safety risks, signboards Construction area at Arrange staff to direct traffic Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Road Km155- in rush hours expansion, Km157, Cover open holes and Km158- trenches Drainage Km160 Load materials and wastes installation tidily, remove the wastes Houses are 7- from construction sites on Bridge 10 m from daily basis reconstruct roadside, Disrupt access to Provide temporary access to Included in ion powerline roadside houses and houses and shops when access Construction Residential area, power runs on the lines and poles will be shops due to pipe is disrupted Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU right trenching for Do not load materials and relocated drainage wastes in front of shops - Noise level exceed Inform communities about Included in standard 7-11.5 dB, construction schedule at least Construction affecting residents. two weeks in advance Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU 176 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by Avoid carrying out activities that generate high noise between 10 pm and 6 am Power lines and - Inform community at least Included in poles must be one week before power cut of. Construction relocated, power Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU supply may be disrupted Weak/temporary - Carry out inventory of weak Included in structures at risks of structures before compaction Construction being - Apply static instead of Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU cracked/damages vibrating compaction method + bridge An Water pipes and Inform communty at least two Included in Mỹ telecommunication days in advance about service Construction (Km156+57) cables would be interruption Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU relocated, service may be interrupted An Mỹ bridge at Disrupt traffic on the Build temporary access road Included in Km156+570 two existing bridges before demolishing the Construction existing bridge for Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU reconstruction Inform community at at least one week before blocking the new bridges High noise levels Avoid piple driving between Included in from pile driving 10 pm and 6 am Construction Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Water pollution due Direct and collect bentonite Included in to bentonite from storage tank Construction drilling Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU 177 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by + NH19 Inform school managers at Increased traffic and No costs passing Hoa safety risks for least one week in advance. incurred sữa students and Install speed limit at 5km/h Contractors CSC, PMU kindergartent, teachers. sign at the two ends of the Included in Nguyễn Nguyễn Khuyến high section Construction Khuyến school at 50m from Arrange staff to direct traffic Contracts Primary roadside at school opening and school school, over time at sections in front of the school. Install fence and warning signs open holes, channels Hoa Sữa Kindergartent 20m Do not load materials and from roadside) wastes within 50 m from school gates Do not load or unload materials during rush hours Disrupt access access Use pre-cased boxed drain to Included in to the schools during minimise construction period Construction pipe installation Provide temporary access Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU over open trenches + NH19 Disrupt access to the Use box drains for this Included in passing An Church and pagoda section Construction Mỹ church, to drainage Provide temporary aceess Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Bửu Thọ installation crossing the trench Pagoda. disturb religious Schedule construction of the Included in An Mỹ Church, 30m from road side activities at the section passing the Church to Construction Church and pagoda avoid Sunday and Christmast Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU time Schedule construction of the section passing the pagoda to avoid the first and fullmoon Bửu Thọ Pagoda of lunar months 30m from road side 178 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by + NH19 Dust affect public Water the area at least three Included in passing An health times a day in dry days Construction Phú, Chư Á Avoid over loading materials Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU markets in the area Collect and transport the An Phú market, 7-10m waste away daily from road side Increased traffic and Place sign boards and Included in safety risks warning signs Construction Fence excavated areas and Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU open holes, place warning signs provide adequate lighting at Chư Á market, 50m from night road side Obstruct access to Provide temporary access Included in the market. over open trenches. Construction Avoid loading materials Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU within 20 m from the market. + NH19 Construction Do not load materials and Included in passing material and waste waste within 20 m from Construction agricultural fill up agricultural agricultural land Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU land at land and drains Cover, protect materials and Km157- Agricutural land waste loads Km158 Create and maintain drains including sedimentation traps. There are At risk of being Carry out inventory prior to No additional weak cracked/damaged by construction costs incurred structures virbarion from Apply static compaction Included in Contractors CSC, PMU along the road excavation for road method instead of vibration Construction right next to base construction and compaction Contracts the expanded road compaction Apply supports such as sheet road piles to prevent landslide at the walls/slopes created and 179 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by structure subsident Pleiku Bypass - Increased traffic Install sign boards and speed Included in Bypass: intersect with safety risks at the limit signs at the intersections Construction NH19 at intersections Provide adequate lighting at Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Build new Km157+460 night road and and Km177, Intersection on the right at Power and Inform affected households at No additional bridges power and the beginning point telecommunication least two days in advance costs incurred telecommunic lines must be risen so before service interruption Contractors CSC, PMU ation lines are as and construction low plants passing underneath, service Intersection on the right may be interrupted at the ending point Nh19 passing Separate agricultural Prioritise the construction of Included in paddy field at land thus disrupt safe temporary/permanent Construction Km0-Km2, accessibility from access to local people to Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Km4+950 and one to the other side move from one to the other Km8+900, Bypass will be 2-4m of the road side of the roads ground will higher than existing Increased landside Stabilise and protect slopes Included in be elevated ground at Km1 risks at wall/slopes create adequate vertical and Construction created horizontal drains Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Dust affect rice and Water dusty location Included in vegetable crops cover materials and waste Construction loads Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Bypass will be 5-6 m Interrup irrigation Rebuild and reconnect Included in higher than existing service as some compensatory canals before Construction ground at rice field at canals would be demolishing the affected Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Km8 affected sections Social conflict with Hire local labours for manual Included in ethnic community works Construction Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU 180 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by Ân Mỹ 1 and High noise levels Avoid pile driving between No costs 2 bridges will from pile driving 10 pm and 6 am incurred Contractors CSC, PMU be built at Water pollution due Direct and collect bentonite Included in Km1+100 and to bentonite from storage tank Construction Contractors CSC, PMU Km8+900 drilling Contracts Safety risks for the Install nets along the bridge Included in workers when Provide lifevests and belts, Construction working at height on hard hats and force the Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU on water workers to use Bypass Separate agricultural Prioritise the construction of Included in passing coffee land thus disrupt safe temporary/permanent Construction and rubber accessibility from access to local people to Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU plantations on one to the other side move from one to the other low hills at of the road side of the roads Km2- Exacavation to 4-5m deep Increased landside Stabilise and protect slopes Included in Km4+900, crossing coffee plantation risks at wall/slopes create adequate vertical and Construction Km5- at Km6 created horizontal drains Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Km8+400 and Km9- Dust may affect Schedule construction to Included in Km13+200 coffee productivity if avoid extensive excavation Construction too much dust is on near coffee plantations during Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Excavation to 6-7m coffee flowers February - March crossing coffee plantation Water dusty areas in coffee at Km13 flowering season (February – March) Cover materials and waste loads Carry out levelling as soon as possible 181 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by Obstruct accessibility Schedule construction to No additional of farmers in coffee avoid extensive costs incurred harvesting season excavation/filling near coffee Contractors CSC, PMU (September - plantations during February – December). March Included in Ensure that safe and Construction convinience access near Contracts coffee plantations have been built before September The bypass Dust exceed standard Water dusty areas in coffee Included in pass Đồng three times. flowering season (February – Construction Xanh tourise March) Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU are and Bông Cover materials and waste Lar loads residential Đồng Xanh tourist area, Carry out levelling as soon as area in Ia 30m from road side) possible Băng Increased traffic and Place sign boards and Included in commune safety risks warning signs Construction Fence excavated areas and Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU open holes, place warning signs Bông Lar village 30m provide adequate lighting at from road side) night Landscape Do not load materials and Included in wastes within 50m from the Construction tourist area and residential Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU houses. Disturb tourist Minimise materials loading Included in activities and unloading at the week Construction ends Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Collect all the wastes and tidy up the area near the tourist 182 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by area daily, big clean up every Friday afternoon. Access Access road Dust and noise; Water the road section Included in roads for near Đồng passing school and tourist Construction Pleiku Xanh tourist area in dry weather Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU bypass area, Km0- Collect and clean up materials constructio Km1 and waste dropped on the n sites road Access road near Đồng Xanh tourist area, Km0- Increased traffic - Place sign boards at the Included in Km1 safety risks; beginning point of the access Construction B = 10m at the beginning road – Arrange staff to direct Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU section and B= 3.5m at the traffic at school opening and end, L = 1 km. School is closing hours and when there 100m and Dong Xanh are bulky construction plants tourist area is 20 m from the entering/leaving the site access road and construction Damages or degrade Rehabilitate the road when Included in sites existing roads damages are caused Construction Reinstate the road before Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU construction is completed Access road Dust and noise; Water the road section Included in from Chư Á passing school clusters and Construction commune to residential houses in dry Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Km8 of the weather bypass Collect and clean up materials - Asphalt/concrete road, B= and waste dropped on the 3-4 m; road 183 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by -Residential houses are 5-7 Increased traffic Place sign boards at the Included in m from the road, mainly at safety risks; beginning point of the access Construction the beginning section road Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU There are 2 bridges (3-4 m Arrange staff to direct traffic long) with loads at 5 T along at school opening and closing the access road hours and when there are There are some school bulky construction plants clusters along the road, 7 m entering/leaving the site from roadside and at least Damages or degrade Strengthen the road or build Included in 300-400 m from existing roads temporary stream crossing to Construction construction sites Damages to weak accomodate the truck loads Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU bridges Rehabilitate the road and/or bridges when damages are caused Reinstate the road and/or bridges before construction is completed Access road Dust and noise; Water the road section Included in from Đắk passing residential houses in Construction Đoa town and dry weather Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Ham Rong T Collect and clean up materials juntion and waste dropped on the road Increased traffic Place sign boards at the Included in safety risks; beginning point of the access Construction road Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Arrange staff to direct traffic when there are bulky Asphalt road B =4 m, there construction plants entering/leaving the site 184 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by are residential clusters at 7m Damages or degrade Rehabilitate the road when Included in from the road existing roads damages are caused Construction Reinstate the road before Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU construction is completed Km 180 - Plantations Damages to the trees Train the workers on the Included in Km along some and vegetation cover codes of conduct and monitor Construction 218+500: sections outside construction compliance, particularly do Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU road area not set fire if not authorised expansion, Increased bushfire establish fire prevention Included in Build Plantations, 20 m from risks, particularly in corridor along the section Construction drainage roadside at Km180- dry season during passing the forest Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Km182 ovember to April Plantations, 30 m from road side at Km190- Km193 NH19 passing Increased traffic and Install warning signs and Included in residential safety risks signboards Construction areas at Arrange staff to direct traffic Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Km187- in rush hours Km190, Residential area, 10-15m Cover open holes and Km193- from road side at Km193- trenches Km202, 198, Km200-02 Load materials and wastes Km207- tidily, remove the wastes Km209, from construction sites on Km211- daily basis Km215 and Disrupt access to Provide temporary access to Included in Km216- roadside houses and houses and shops when access Construction Km218 Residential area, 10-15m shops due to pipe is disrupted Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU 185 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by from road side at Km198- trenching for Do not load materials and Powerloines Km199, Km211-Km215 drainage wastes in front of shops running along Noise level exceed Avoid activities generating No costs the road standard 7-11.5 dB, high level of noise between incurred affecting residents. 10 pm to 6 am. Contractors CSC, PMU Power lines and Inform community at least No costs poles must be one week before power cut incurred relocated, power off. Contractors CSC, PMU supply may be disrupted Weak/temporary Carry out inventory of weak No costs Contractrors, structures before compaction structures at risks of incurred PMU, CSC being Apply static instead of CSC, PMU cracked/damages vibrating compaction method Contractors NH19 passing Inform school managers at Increased traffic and No costs Đôn School, safety risks for least one week in advance. incurred Hoa Hồng, students and Install speed limit at 5km/h Included in Contractors CSC, PMU Hòa Thanh teachers. sign at the two ends of the Construction Bình section Contracts kindergartents Arrange staff to direct traffic Trần Quốc at school opening and school Tuấn,Trần over time at sections in front Phú, Lương of the school. Thế Vinh, Lê Hồng Phong, Đôn Hero, Install fence and warning Trưng Vương Trần Quốc Tuấn, Trần Phú signs open holes, channels and Hùng schools, 20m from road side Do not load materials and Vương wastes within 50 m from schools, school gates Thanh Bình Do not load or unload kindergartent. materials during rush hours Disrupt access access Use pre-cased boxed drain to Included in to the schools during minimise construction period Construction 186 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by pipe installation Provide temporary access Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU over open trenches Bypass Disrupt access to the Use box drains for this Included in passing Đức Church and pagoda section Construction Giang, Hồng to drainage Provide temporary aceess Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Đức, Nguyên installation crossing the trench Sơn and Thanh Bình, Đức Hưng disturb religious Schedule construction of the Included in Khánh Thiện Churchs, 30m from road side activities at the section passing the Church to Construction pagodas, Đức Church and pagoda avoid Sunday and Christmast Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Hưng and time Thanh Bình Schedule construction of the Churchs, section passing the pagoda to Đồng Tâm Nguyễn Sơn Khánh Thiện avoid the first and fullmoon Parish pagodas 30m from road side of lunar months Bypass Separate agricultural Prioritise the construction of Included in passing land thus disrupt safe temporary/permanent Construction coffee, tea, accessibility from access to local people to Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU etc. one to the other side move from one to the other plantations at of the road side of the roads Km182-190, Coffee and cashew nut Km199-200, plantation Km202-205 Km NH19 passing Increased traffic and Install warning signs and Included in 218+500 - residential safety risks, signboards Construction Km 222: area in Chư particularly at the Arrange staff to direct traffic Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU Ty town, junction of Chu Ty in rush hours Road houses are 5- town Cover open holes and resurfacing 7m from road trenches side Towm Intersection Disrupt access to Provide temporary access to Included in roadside houses and houses and shops when access Construction shops due to pipe is disrupted Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU trenching for Do not load materials and 187 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by drainage wastes in front of shops Noise level exceed Inform communities about No costs standard 7-11.5 dB, construction schedule at least incurred affecting residents. two weeks in advance Contractors CSC, PMU Residential area Avoid carrying out activities that generate high noise between 10 pm and 6 am Urban landscape Load materials and wastes No costs tidily, incurred remove the wastes from Contractors CSC, PMU construction sites on daily basis NH19 passing Increased traffic and Inform school managers at No costs Primary safety risks for least one week in advance. incurred school Kim students and Install speed limit at 5km/h Included in Contractors CSC, PMU Đồng teachers. sign at the two ends of the Construction section Contracts Arrange staff to direct traffic Primary school Kim Đồng at school opening and school 30m from roadside over time at sections in front of the school. Install fence and warning signs open holes, channels Do not load materials and wastes within 50 m from school gates Do not load or unload materials during rush hours Disrupt access access Use pre-cased boxed drain to Included in to the schools during minimise construction period Construction 188 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by pipe installatio Provide temporary access Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU over open trenches NH19 passing landscape Do not load materials and No costs Đức Cơ wastes within 50 m from the incurred District Memorial Contractors CSC, PMU Memorial obstruct access of Schedule construction on this No costs visitors, particularly section to avoid 27 July, 22 , incurred Đức Cơ District Memorial on 27 July, 22 , 1st 1st and full moon of lunar Contractors CSC, PMU 50m from roadside and full moon of months lunar months NH19 passing Dust affect public Water the area at least three Included in Đức Cơ health times a day in dry days Construction market Avoid over loading materials Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU in the area Collect and transport the waste away daily Đức Cơ market, 30m from Increased traffic and Place sign boards and Included in road side safety risks warning signs Construction Fence excavated areas and Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU open holes, place warning signs provide adequate lighting at night Obstruct access to Provide temporary access Included in the marke. over open trenches. Construction Avoid loading materials Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU within 20 m from the market. No costs Km 222 - NH 19 pasing Increased traffic and Install warning signs and Included in Km 241: - residential safety risks signboards Construction areas Arrange staff to direct traffic Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU - road in rush hours expansion, Powerlines Cover open holes and 189 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by -- running along trenches Build Load materials and wastes No costs drainage tidily, remove the wastes incurred from construction sites on daily basis Residential area, 7 -15m Disrupt access to Provide temporary access to Included in from roadside, power lines roadside houses and houses and shops when access Construction running along shops due to pipe is disrupted Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU trenching for Do not load materials and No cost incurred drainage wastes in front of shops Noise level exceed Inform communities about standard 7-11.5 dB, construction schedule at least affecting residents. two weeks in advance Contractors CSC, PMU Avoid carrying out activities that generate high noise between 10 pm and 6 am Power lines and Inform community at least poles must be one week before power cut of. relocated, power Contractors CSC, PMU supply may be disrupted Weak/temporary Carry out inventory of weak structures at risks of structures before compaction being cracked/ Apply static instead of Contractors CSC, PMU damages vibrating compaction method Separate agricultural Prioritise the construction of Passing land thus disrupt safe temporary/permanent agricultural accessibility from access to local people to Contractors CSC, PMU land one to the other side move from one to the other of the road side of the roads Cashew nuts and cassava cop land along the road 190 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by Increased traffic and Inform school managers at safety risks for least one week in advance. students and Install speed limit at 5km/h NH19 passing teachers. sign at the two ends of the Kim Đồng section Primary Arrange staff to direct traffic school, 18-4 at school opening and school kindergartent, Trần Phú,Chu Văn An, over time at sections in front Nguyễn Du, Nguyễn Trãi schools30m of the school. Chu Văn An, from road side Install fence and warning Nguyễn signs open holes, channels Trường Tộ, Do not load materials and Nguyễn Trãi, wastes within 50 m from Trần Phú school gates schools, 20- Do not load or unload 30m from materials during rush hours road side Disrupt access access Use pre-cased boxed drain to Included in Nguyên Du, Nguyễn to the schools during minimise construction period Construction Trường Tộ schools and pipe installation Provide temporary access Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU 18April Kindergartent, 20 over open trenches m from road side In addition to the common mitigation measures applicable to all disposal sites listed in the ESMP, the following specific mitigaiton measures will be applied to each disposal site as described below Loss of crops. Notify communities about No costs Disposal Some irrigation canal disposal schedule one month incurred sites cut through the site before the new crop. materials overflow Re-build and connect Disposal site onto the surrounding compnsatory irrigation canal Included in Contractors CSC, PMU at Bau Sen agricultural land before disposal. Construction bridge Increased erosion Fence the disposal site and Contracts Currently agricultural land Land potentials from install warning signboards. area = 5,000 m2 barren soil dumps Level the disposal area and Accomodae = 10,000 m3 Safety risks for local stabilize slopes formed during 191 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by Height of dump = 2m community disposal process. Existing ground level is 1.5 m Create drainage lower than the surroundings. The nearest house is 30 m from ditchessurrounding the the site and next to the road disposal area, including sedimentation traps. Damages to the Notify communities about Included in existing earthern disposal schedule as soon as Construction access road possible and not less than one Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU - Traffic safety risk month before start using the at the entrance from site. main road Strengthen the access road Disposal site Currently plantation on hilly area - before starting to use the site at Km57+300 Land area = 2,000 m2 - Install warning sign and NH19 Accomodae = 5,000 m3 speed limit at 40km/h at the Height of dump =2.5 m entrance Existing ground level is 2 m lower than the surroundings The nearest house is 50 m from the site, 300 m from NH19, there are only several houses along the access road Loss one crop Notify communities about Materials overflow disposal schedule one month onto agricultural land before the new crop. Contractors CSC, PMU and NH19 Level the disposal area and Included in Traffic safety risk on stabilize slopes formed. Construction Disposal site NH19 Create drainage ditches Contracts at Km58+800 surrounding the disposal area, NH19 Currently cassava crop land Land area = 2,000 m2 including sedimentation traps. Accomodae = 5,000 m3 Height of dump = 2.5 m Existing ground level is 2 m lower than the surroundings The site is next to NH19, nearest 192 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by house is 50 m from the nearest house Loss one crop. Notify communities about Increased traffic and disposal schedule one month safety risks when before the new crop. trucks entering and Install warning and speed Included in Contractors CSC, PMU leaving the site limit signs at the two ends of Construction Materials overflow the road section passing the Contracts onto agricultural land disoposal site Disposal site Currently the site is agricultural and NH19. Fence the disposal site and at Km58+600 land install warning signboards. Land area = 2,000 m2 Install signs to restrict access Accomodae = 5,000 m3 Height of dump = 2.5 m to the site Existing ground level is 2 m lower Level the disposal area and than the surroundings stabilize slopes formed. The site is next to NH19, the Create drainage ditches nearest house is 50 m from the surrounding the disposal area, site including sedimentation traps. Damages to the Avoid damages to the trees existing trees Level the disposal area, Included in Increased erosion stabilize slopes Construction Contractors CSC, PMU risks Create drainage ditches Contracts Disposal site Increased including sedimentation traps at Bối village- sedimenation risks in around the foot of stockpiles. Glar existing canal and commune- Currently barren land, near coffee near Km and peper farm land, land area = drains 8,000 Dust, safety risks to 4+500 of Accomodae = 20,000 residents along the Pleiku bypass Height of dump = 2.5 m access road Existing ground level is 2 m Damage local access below the surround ground. The site is 1.2 km from NH 19, road 100m from the nearest house 193 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by Access road is low grade asphalt road B=3-4 m, degraded at some sections, there are number of houses at the intersection with NH19, houses scatterly distributed along the access road, some business along the Materials overflow Notify communities about Included in onto agricultural land disposal schedule one month Construction and irrigation canal before the new crop. Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU in the surrounding Level the disposal area, area. stabilize slopes Disposal site Create drainage ditches at Currently barren low land with including sedimentation traps Km199+500 holes. Land area = 8,000. around the foot of stockpiles AAccomodae = 20,000 m3. NH19 Height of dump = 2.5 m Existing ground level is 2 m below the surround ground. The site is 50m from the nearest house, 200 m from NH19, there is no existing access road on grass land next to the site from NH19 Damage on access Improve and reinstate the Included in road. access road before and at the Construction Increased traffic end of construction Contracts Contractors CSC, PMU safety risks when Install warning and speed Disposal site trucks entering and limit sign boards at the at leaving the site from intersection between the Km230+650 NH19 access road and NH19 Currently low-laying football of NH19 Traffic safety near Place warning sign and speed ground, CPC wanted to level Land area = 7,000 m2 the school limit near school Accomodae = 15,000 m3 Interrupt sport Arrange people to direct Height of dump = 2.1m activities on the traffic during school opening Existing ground level is 1.5 m existing play ground and closing hours 194 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social ImpactsAssessment Proposed Noticeable Photos Impacts/ RisKs/ Specific Mitigation Cost Implemented Monitored by work Features Issues Measures by below the ground at the Level the site and hand over it suroundings. The site is 350m back to local authority as from the nearest house Access road is 3 m wide, low soon as disposal and levelling grade asphalt road, 150 m from is completed NH19, there is no houses along the access road There is one school next to the junction between NH19 and access road 195 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E 5.2 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS, ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 5.2.1 Institutional Arrangements The key stake holders in environmental management of the Project include theTraffic Safety Project Management Unit, the Construction Supervision Consultant, the Contractor, theMinistry of Transport, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Binh Dinh and Gia Lai Provincial Department of Natural Resources and Environment, People’s Committees at town/districts and communeslevels. The relationships and contacts between the key stakeholders in the environmental management of the project are shown in Figure 10. TRAFFIC SAFETY PROJECT - MONRE, DONREs of MANAGMENT Binh Dinh and Gia Lai provinces; WB UNIT Direct Report ion Construction Supervision Supervision Consultant/ Engineer community Supervi Report sion Independent Contractor Monitoring consultants Cadre in charge of safety and Supervision of environment community matters Environmental and Social Monitoring Mitigation measures/ necessary actions Construction Site Figure 10.Environmental Management Institutional Chart 196 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E 5.2.2 Roles and Responsibilites Specific responsibility of stakeholders are shown in Table 61 below. Table 61 - Roles and responsibilities of stakeholders Stakeholders Responsibility Overall responsible for environmental and social safeguard Ministry of Transport implementation and compliance monitoring (MOT) Ensure that adequate resources are allocated for safeguard implementation and management Traffic safety Project The TSPMU is responsible for monitoring and supervision to ensure Management Unit (TSPMU) - that the Project comply with the World Bank Safeguard Policies and Project Owner Vietnamese legislations: - Ensure that the mitigation measures proposed in the ESIA are adequately incorporated into relevant project documents such as engineering design, cost estimations, bidding and contractual documents - Ensure that adequate environmental and safety training, monitoring and supervision tasks are included in the Terms of References of the Construction Supervisors - Communicate and coordinate with relevant authorities at central and local levels, with independent monitoring consultants to facilitate public consultation, implementation of mitigation measures and voluntary monitoring - Coordinate with the Construction supervisors to carry out due diligence review of additional sites such as borrow pits and quarries as and when required - Monitor to ensure timely and effective implementation of the ESMP: (a) Monitor environmental compliance; (b) Carry out unannounced inspections; (c) Review periodical reports submitted by the construction supervision consultant (CSC) and IEMC and take follow up actions (d) Submit periodical safeguard reports to WB and MONRE. - TSPMU assign an Environmental Officer (EO) in charge to monitor the implementation and compliance of ESMP and at least a Social and resettlement Officer (EO) to oversee resettlement and compensation issues - assure all resettlement activities will take place in compliance with this RAP. Specifically, TSPMU will: Cooperate with PPCs, and relevant local competent agencies to conduct compensation and resettlement. Organize training and building capacity activities for PPMUs. Cooperate with PPMUs to monitor compensation, resettlement; Report periodically on resettlement progress to MOT and the WB. PMU Environmental Officer - The EO will advise the PMU leaders on solutions for environmental (EO): issues to ensure the compliance with WB’s safeguard polices and regulations stipulated by Vietnamese Government. - The EO will coordinate with the CSC team and the contractors to carry out due diligence review of borrow pits, quarries identified during construction phase and decide whether they are eligible for use in the Project - Coordinate with the Environmental Officer of the Construction Supervision team to carry out environmental due diligence review of borrow pits, quarries, disposal sites as well as any other sites required 197 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Stakeholders Responsibility under the Project PMU Social and - The Social and Resettlement Officer in charge will help with solving Resettlement Officer social and resettlement issues of the Project, supervising the compliance with RAP, participate in investigation and solvings complaints related to social issues and land acquisition. Design consultant Incorporate mitigation measures in to engineering design, cost estimates, bidding documents and construction contract, Construction - Provide training for contractor’s workers on environment, occupational Supervision Consultant/Engineer safety, HIV/Aids training (CSC/CSE)0 - Provide training on traffic safety for the communities along the two bypasses and around the new junctions between the bypasses and the existing NH19 - Arrange for environmental quality monitoring and report preparation for submission to relevant government authorities - Monitor and supervise the Contractors to ensure compliance with ESIA/ESMP - Direct the Contractors to carry out corrective measures when excessive pollution or any non-compliant is detected - Carry out due diligence review of additional sites such as borrow pits and quarries as and when required - When detecting any excessive pollution or any non-compliant contractor, the construction supervision consultant shall propose and direct related contractors to implement additional mitigation or corrective measures to address the issues/impacts to satisfactory level. - Propose the TSPMU to suspend partially or entirely the construction work if a contractor fails to meet the requirements on safety and environmental protection as agreed or stated in the contract. - Prepare and maintain records on complaints and incidents Independent Monitoring - provide training to relevant project stakeholders, particularly TSPMU Consultant staff and Construction supervision engineers on project environmental management system Carry out random compliance monitoring and prepare reports. Contractors - Appoint staff responsible for environmental, health and safety issues - Prepare site specific ESMP - Implement mitigation measures in accordance with contract terms and conditions Community Carry out voluntary environmental monitoring according to Decree 19/2015/ND-CP, in order to: Participate in consultation activities Provincial People’s Ensure that compensation resettlement and livelihoods Committee (PPC) restoration of affected households will be implemented and monitored in accordance with this RAP. Provincial Project - Take lead in recruitment of two consultants for replacement costs Management Unit survey and periodical social monitoring of RAP implementation. - Ensure budget for RAP implementation is timely and sufficiently (PPMU) allocated. - Update RAP and conduct internal monitoring of RAP implementation; - Allocate staff to act as a social safeguards focal point for PPMU. - Recruit a social safeguards consultant to support PPMU and 198 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Stakeholders Responsibility resettlement boards, at district level, for implementation of RAP; - Prepare quarterly progress reports and submit to the WB; - Conduct training on requirements of project‟s RAP; work closely with District People‟s Committee and District Board for Compensation and Land Acquisition (DBCLA) in updating RAPs; - Appoint a staff responsible for administering grievance mechanism. City/District People’s - Prepare annual land use plan and submit to competent authorities for Committee (C/DPC) review and approval of changed land use plan . - Issue Notice of Land Acquisition and direct City/District Board for Compensation and Land Acquisition,. - Adjusting or grant a new land use right certificate for the land to be acquired, and for relocated households. - Settle complaints related to land acquisition, compensation, support and resettlement in the district within its jurisdiction. - Approve compensation support and resettlement assessment to be carried out by the City/District BCLA - - Coordinate with PPMU and CPCs to disseminate information and City/District Board for Compensation and policies on project‟s policies on compensation and support; - Organise for compensation payment and support to affected people; Land Acquisition - Arrange resettlement for relocated households, land acquisition, and (C/DBCLA): handover of acquired land to the construction units; - Lead and coordinate with PPMU and CPCsto implement Livelihood Restoration Program; - Assist DPCs to settle complaints concerning land acquisition, compensation and resettlement. - Support C/DPC in issuance of LURCs for land plot in the resettlement site. - Support the external monitoring consultant for conducting independent resettlement monitoring. - Ward/Commune - Cooperate with C/DBCLA in arranging compensation payment, People’s Committee: resettlement and livelihood restoration implementation; - Provide documents related to the origin of land use of AHH; confirming the eligibility of affected persons and affected assets; - Assist C/DPC, C/DBCLA to organise meetings and public consultations; - Resolve complaints at the ward/commune level - as prescribed by the existing law; Assist authorities to resolve land disputes and complaints. With regards to compensation, support and resettlements, the following stakeholders will undertake their respective responsibility which are with their line of authorities. 5.3 Environmental Compliance Framework 5.3.1 Environmental Duties of the Contractors The contractors firstly shall adhere to minimize impacts that may result from the project construction activities and secondly, apply the mitigation measures stated in the ESMP to prevent harm and nuisances on local communities and the environment caused the construction and operation phases. 199 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Remedial actions that cannot be effectively carried out during construction should be implemented upon completion of the works (and before issuance of the Works Acceptance Certificates). The Contractors’ duties include but not limit to: - Comply with relevant legislative requirements governing the environment, public health and safety; - Work within the scope of contractual requirements and other tender conditions; - Organize representatives of the construction team to participate in the joint site inspections undertaken by the Environmental Supervisors (ES) of the CSC; - Carry out any corrective actions instructed by the Environmental Officer (EO) of the TSPMU and the ES; - In case of non-compliances/ discrepancies, carry out investigation and submit proposals on mitigation measures, and implement remedial measures to reduce environmental impacts; - Stop construction activities, which generate adverse impacts, upon receiving instructions from the EO and the ES. Propose and implement corrective actions and carry out alternative construction methods, if required, to minimize the environmental impacts; Non- compliance by the Contractor will be cause for suspension of works and other penalties until the non-compliance has been resolved to the satisfaction of the EO and the ES. After contract signing, based on the approved ESIA and contractual conditions, the contractors will prepare a Site-specific Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) for each contract packages and submit to the CSC and TSPMU for review and clearance. In case the contractor propose to use source of raw materials that have not been covered in subproject ESIA, the contractor will report to the CSCs and PMUs and coordinate with them in carrying out due –diligence environmental review of these materials sources to assess their compliance to national environmental requirements. Only complied sources can be used under CHCIP. 5.3.2 Contractor’s Site Environment Officer (SEO) The Contractor shall be required to appoint a competent individual as the Contractor’s Site Environmental Officer (SEO). The SEO must be appropriately trained in environmental management and possess necessary skills to transfer environmental management knowledge to all personnel involved in the contract. The SEO will be responsible for monitoring the contractor„s compliance with the ESMP requirements and the environmental specifications. The duties of the SEO shall include but not limit to the following: - Carry out environmental site inspections to assess and audit the contractors' site practice, equipment and work methods with respect to pollution control and adequacy of environmental mitigation measures implemented; - Monitor compliance with environmental protection measures, pollution prevention and control measures and contractual requirements; - Monitor the implementation of environmental mitigation measures; - Prepare audit reports for the environmental monitoring data and site environmental conditions; 200 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E - Investigate complaints and recommend any required corrective measures; - Advise the contractor on environment improvement, awareness and proactive pollution prevention measures; - Recommend suitable mitigation measures to the contractor in the case of non- compliance. Carry out additional monitoring of noncompliance instructed by the EO/ES; - Inform the contractor and ECO/ES of environmental issues, submit contractor’s ESMP Implementation Plan to the ECO/ES, and relevant authorities, if required; - Keep detailed records of all site activities that may relate to the environment. 5.3.3 Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) The Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) contracted by PMU shall carry out the monitoring. - Provide training for PMU and the CSC, and the representatives of the Contractors on socio-environmental, health and safety issues related to construction; - Evaluate environmental quality at the areas affected by the construction activities (including site observations, reviewing environmental quality data provided by the CSC, review of other available documents, and supplement sampling if necessary); - Review contractor’s environmental compliance including the implementation of mitigation measures and documentation; - Review PMU and CSC compliance to ESMP. - The IEMC will also provide technical advice and assistance to the PMU and the EO in environmental matters. 5.3.4 Environmental Supervision during Construction During the construction phase, a team of qualified Environmental Supervisors (ES) as part of the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) shall carry out environmental supervision as part of construction supervision. Both the CSC and ES will be mobilized before the commencement of any construction activities. The CSC is responsible for inspecting and supervising all construction activities to ensure that mitigation measures adopted in the ESMP are properly implemented, and that the negative environmental impacts of the Project are minimized. Specifically, the ES will: - Review and assess on behalf of the TSPMU whether the construction design meets the requirements of the mitigation and management measures of the ESMP; - Review and clear contractor’s SEMP; - Coordinate with TSPMU Environmental Officer (EO) in reviewing environmental compliance at newly proposed borrow pits and quarries and advise TSPMU on whether these are eligible for use by the Project; - Verify and confirm with TSPMU environmental supervision procedures; parameters, monitoring locations, equipment and results; - Supervise site environmental management system of the Contractors, including their performance, experience and handling of site environmental issues, and provide corrective instructions if needed; 201 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E - Provide training about HIV /Aids awareness for the contractor’s workers, CSC team and PMU officers; - Provide traning on traffic safety for the affected households, particularly those living along the bypasses and the four new intersections - Implement the environmental quality sampling and prepare periodical environmental monitoring reports, including reports on ESMP implementation status to the PPMU and prepare environmental supervision statement during the construction phase; and - Review payment requests related to environmental mitigation costs if applicable Detail ToR of the ES team are included in Annex 4 of this ESIA/ESMP. Noting that the involvement of the community in the process of implementing the ESMP is an activity entirely voluntary in nature, for the benefit of the community and his family. Therefore the involvement of communities in monitoring the ESMP will not be receiving salaries. However, in order to encourage the participation of the community, the cost of materials, tools and instruments to serve the monitoring activities and a liability remuneration for a few members who are representatives people are appointed to participate surveillance activities also need to be arranged layout. As stipulated in Decision No 80/2005 / QD-TTg dated 18/4/2005 of the Prime Minister issued the Regulation on supervision of community investment and joint circular guiding the implementation of Decision 80/2005/QD-TTg, "budget support monitoring of public investment in the commune / ward to be balanced in the cost estimates of the Fatherland Front Committee of the commune/ward budget and commune / precinct guarantee ; Funds to support the dissemination, organization of training courses, guidance, preliminary and final monitoring of community investment at provincial and district levels are balanced in the cost estimates of the Fatherland Front Committee district national, provincial and district budgets by province to ensure ". 5.3.5 Compliance with Legal and Contractual Requirements The constructions activities shall comply not only with contractual environmental protection and pollution control requirements but also with environmental protection and pollution control laws of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam. All the works method statements submitted by the Contractors to the ES for approval shall also be sent to the EO to review whether sufficient environmental protection and pollution control measures have been included. The ES shall also review the progress and program of the works to ensure that relevant environmental laws have not been violated, and that any potential for violating the laws can be prevented. The Contractors shall copy relevant documents to the EO and the ES. The documents shall at least include updated work progress reports, updated work measures, and application letters for different license/ permits under the environmental protection laws, and all valid license/ permits. The EO and the ES shall also have access, upon request, to the Site Log-Books. After reviewing the documents, the EO or the ES shall advise and the Contractors of any non- compliance with the contractual and legislative requirements on environmental protection and pollution control for them to take follow-up actions. If the EO or the ES concludes that the status on license/ permit application and any environmental protection and pollution control 202 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E preparation works may not comply with the work measures or may result in potential violation of environmental protection and pollution control requirements, they shall advise the Contractor accordingly. 5.3.6 Penalty System In the compliance framework, if non-compliance with environmental regulations is discovered by the CSC/ ES during site supervision, 2% of interim payment value of the contractors of the month will be held back. The Contractors will be given a grace period (determined by the CSC/ ES) to repair violation. If the Contractors perform the repairs within the grace period (confirmed by the CSC/ ES), no penalty is incurred and the retained amount will be paid. However, if the Contractors fail to successfully make necessary repairs within the grace period, the Contractors will pay a third party to repair the damages (deduction from the retained amount). In case that the CSC/ES do not detect non-compliance with environmental regulations of the Contractors, they will be responsible for payment to repair the violation. 5.3.7 RAP and Gender Monitoring Gender Monitoring. During RAP implementation, key indicators (underlined below) of gender should be monitored and reflected in internal and external monitoring reports. - Consultation participation: Ensure women are invited to participate in public consultations and group discussions during the RAP updating and implementing process. At least 20% of participants in consultation meeting are women. - Compensation disbursement: Ensure that the process of compensation disbursement is transparent and that compensation is in the name of both spouses. Presence of both husband and wife at the compensation payment session should be encouraged. C/DBCLA must ensure that the affected persons are guided carefully on how the compensation would be made – in cash or through bank transfer so that affected households have sufficient time to prepare themselves and a safe reception of the compensation money. - Livelihoods Restoration: Assess women‟s requirements for skills training to facilitate income restoration.100% of severely affected households who confirm their need for job counseling/training/job introduction will be invited to consultation session(s) with participation from women representing these households. Consider providing women with employment opportunities generated under the project.All contractors participating project construction will inform PPMU of job opportunities appropriate for local women and men so that PPMU can inform the affected households. Explore opportunities to link women to self-help groups and microfinance programs. RAP Monitoring 5.4 Environmental and social Monitoring Program The monitoring of environmental quality will be done during the construction phase according to Table 62 with costs estimated in Table 63. Monitoring locations is presented in Annex 3. 203 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Table 62 - Environmental Quality Monitoring Program Parameter and Location frequency - Air quality Applicble Regulation: QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT, QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT, QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT Noise, vibration KK1- Tay Thuan commune residential area, Tay Son rural district, Binh TSP dust, Dinh province; Coordinates: 1357’5,7”N, 10850’12,1”E. CO, SO2 and NO2 KK2- Song An commune residential area, An Khe Town, Gia Lai Monitoring province; Coordinates: 1358’38,6”N, 10842’51,3”E. frequency once KK3- An Phuoc ward residential area, An Khe Town, Gia Lai province; every quarter Coordinates: 1359’47,3”N, 10841’16,8”E. KK4- Cu An commune residential area , ĐăkPơ rural district, Gia Lai province; Coordinates: 1357’42,6”N, 10837’19,2”E; KK5- Kon Dơng town residential area, Mang Yang rural district, Gia Lai province; Coordinates: 1402’36,8”N, 10815’34,7”E. KK6- Glar commune residential area, Đắk Đoa rural district; Coordinates: 1358’32,4”N, 10807’34,9”E. KK7- Ia Băng commune residential area, Đắk Đoa rural district; Coordinates: 1355’41,9”N, 10803’58,5”E. KK8- Bau Can commune residential area, Chư Prông rural district; Gia Lai province; Coordinates: 1351’24”N, 10756’20,3”E. KK8- Thang Hung commune residential area, Chư Prông rural district; Gia Lai province; Coordinates: 1349’24,7”N, 10753’29,5”E. KK10- Ia Din commune residential area, Duc Co rural district, Gia Lai province; Coordinates: 1350’13,6”N, 10747’54,7”E. KK11- Chu Ty town residential area, Duc Co rural district, Gia Lai province; Coordinates: 1348’2,1”N, 10740’53,1”E. B. Surface Water Quality Monitoring Regulation for reference: QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT) pH, T, turbidity, NM1 – Ba La bridge; Coordinates: 1356’56,4”N, 10850’38,4”E DO, COD, BOD5, NM2 – Song Ba (Ba River) bridge ; Coordinates: 1357’15,4”N, TSS, Cu, Zn, Fe, 10839’5,3”E Cd, AS, Pb, oil and grease, coliform Once every quarter C. Municiple wastewater Regulation for reference: QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT) pH, TDS, TSS, NTSH1- Site hut at Km56+800. BOD5, NH4+, NTSH2- Site hut at Km67+600. NO3-, PO43-, oil NTSH3- Site hut at the intersection between An Khe by-pass route and and Coliforms. Provincial road 669. Once every NTSH4- Site hut at Km147+700 quarter NTSH5- Site hut at Boi hamlet - Glar commune ( at Km4+500 on the Pleiku city by-pass route). NTSH6- Site hut at Km183+100 204 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E NTSH7- Site hut at Km223+100 NTSH8- Site hut at Km231+700 Table 63 - Estimated Costs for Environmental Quality Monitoring Quantity/ Unit price Amount No Item Unit volume (VND) (VND) 1.1 12 locations x 8 samples x 8 times 553,582,848 - TSP Sample 768 76,297 58,596,096 - CO Sample 768 164,224 126,124,032 - NO2 Sample 768 185,742 142,649,856 - SO2 Sample 768 210,554 161,705,472 - Microclimate - Temperature, humidity Sample 768 28,065 21,553,920 - Wind direction/wind speed Sample 768 27,986 21,493,248 - Pressure Sample 768 27,943 21,460,224 Noise, vibration (12 locations x 16 samples/location (continuous 1.2 205,615,104 measurement from 6 AM to 9 PM, 01 sample every hour) x 8 times) - Equivalent noise (Laeq) Sample 1536 66,932 102,807,552 - Acceleration of vibration Sample 1536 66,932 102,807,552 1.3 Surface water (2 samples x 2 bridges (Ba La and Song Ba) x 8 times 114,205,920 - Temperature Sample 32 32,927 1,053,664 - pH Sample 32 33,902 1,084,864 - Turbidity Sample 32 73,486 2,351,552 - DO Sample 32 69,661 2,229,152 - COD Sample 32 172,114 5,507,648 - BOD5 Sample 32 151,640 4,852,480 - TSS Sample 32 123,257 3,944,224 - Copper (Cu) Sample 32 292,330 9,354,560 - Lead (Pb) Sample 32 332,819 10,650,208 - Zinc (Zn) Sample 32 292,330 9,354,560 - Iron (Fe) Sample 32 292,330 9,354,560 - Cadmium (Cd) Sample 32 332,819 10,650,208 - Arsenic (As) Sample 32 392,052 12,545,664 - Total oil and grease Sample 32 572,726 18,327,232 - Coliform Sample 32 404,542 12,945,344 1.4 Domestic/household water (2 samples/location x 8 locations x 8 times) 179,466,880 - pH Sample 128 40,180 5,143,040 + - NH4 Sample 128 109,636 14,033,408 - Surfactant Sample 128 307,972 39,420,416 - BOD5 Sample 128 122,596 15,692,288 - TSS Sample 128 84,341 10,795,648 - TDS Sample 128 86,746 11,103,488 - - NO3 Sample 128 120,801 15,462,528 - Total oil and grease Sample 128 307,972 39,420,416 205 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E - PO43- Sample 128 112,387 14,385,536 - Coliform Sample 128 109,454 14,010,112 Total 1,402,870,752 5.5 Capacity building, training 5.5.1 TSPMU Environmental Management Capacity TSPMU has 12 years (2004 to 2017) experiences in managing construction of transport facilities in Vietnam, including projects funded by International organisations such as the Vietnam Road Traffic Safety financed by the World Bank, Project on Enhancing traffic safety on highways in northern of Vietnam funded by JICA, Technical assistance for traffic safety improvement and climate change adaptation in Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan. TSPMU also successfully implemented many projects using national budget such as Expansion National Highway.1A the sections passing Ha Tinh - Vung Ang, Ninh Thuan province, Ninh Binh, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Dong Nai. In addition, TSPMU has managed multiple PPP transport projects TSPMUcurrently has 69 employees, including 47 staff with university degree; 12 master's degree holders and 02 PhD. TSPMU‟s staff also have been familiarised with the project‟s potential environmental issues, impacts and risks as well as mitigation measures and management plan through their engagements during the preparation of the ESIA for CHCIP. TSPMU arranged and actively took part in field survey and affected community consulation during the preparation of CHCIP safeguard documents including ESIA, RAP and EMDP. In the FS phase, TSPMU has also assigned staffs with relevant qualifications to be in charge of social and environmental aspects of the projecs. TSPMU‟s Environmental Officer has background in environmental technology with seven years of work experience at the TSPMU. She also have participated in training courses on environmental impact assessment, monitoring and supervision. She is also knowledgeable about environmental management system ISO 14001. She reviewed road safety reports and took part in the evaluation about various road and safety campaings. Particularly, she monitored the preparation of environmental survey and impact assessment report. During the preparation of CHCIP ESIA preparation, she has reviewed the draft reports. The projects is not the firs WB-finance project which implemented by TSPMU; however, regulations and procedures of WB have been updated over the time. Therefore, TSPMU‟s staffs need to have supplement training during the construction and operation phase. 5.5.2 Safeguard Capacity Building Program TSPMU‟s gap in practical construction safeguard management experience will be addressed by the mobilisation of Construction Supervision Consultants who will also be in charge of environmental supervision during construction phase. Independent Monitoring Consultant are also expected to provide some environmental trainning for the CSC and the contractors Table 64 provides a proposed training program on safeguards policies. 206 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Table 64 -Training on Environmental Management Trainees PMU, CSC Topic Environmental supervision, monitoring and reporting Participants Environmental staffs, CSC chief enginers, CSC site engineers, Site Engineer of of contractors (if mobilised), community leaders Training frequency Immediately after the project becomes effective and at least one month prior to construction commencement of the first bid package. Refresh training will follow after six months. Duration One day each training Responsibility Independent environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) deliver the training. Trainees CONTRACTORS Topic Implementation of mitigation measures, health and safety Participants Constractor‟s workers Training frequency Within two weeks since construction commencement Duration A half of day training Responsibility CSC Environmental Officer Trainees COMMUNITIES ALONG THE NEW BYPASSES Topic Traffic safety, safe driving Participants Residents along the new An Khe and Pleiku bypasses Training frequency During construction phase, at least three months before road technical opening Duration One session to each community Responsibility CSC Environmental Officer 5.6 Cost Estimation The below table will provide estimated cost in implementing ESMP and will include (i) the costs of implementing mitigation measures by the contractor, (ii) expenses supervised by CSC, (iii) cost of environmental quality monitoring, (iv) cost of the independent environmental monitoring consultant (IEMC), (v) the cost of capacity building program, (vi) the cost of making detailed ESMP pior to construction. The costs of implementing mitigation measures during construction will be a part of the value of construction contracts and the costs of environmental supervision of CSC will be a part of the value of construction supervision contracts. Besides, cost to build capacity for environmental management is performed by IEMC will be calculated into the total cost of the independent environmental monitoring. Estimated cost for implementing ESMP will be summarized in Table 65 below. 207 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Table 65 -Total estimated cost for implementing ESMP Unit price Total amount No. Items Unit Quantity (VNĐ) (VNĐ) 1 Conmpensation and resettlement for affected households 000,000 2 UXO Clearance 6,567,032,960 Costs for repair/upgrading of existing local roads, bridges and 3 50,555,392,712 construction of access roads to construction sites Mitigation measures 4 As a part of construction contracts values implementation Environmental compliance 5 As a part of construction supervision contract value monitoring Environmental quality 1,402,870,752 6 monitoring (as part of construction supervision contract) Training on HIV /Aids for Sites 15 20,000,000 300,000,000 7 the workers (as part of construction supervision contract) Training on traffic safety for Lumsump 132,000,000 8 communities along the bypasses (as part of construction supervision contract) Independent monitoring, 635,000,000 including: Environmental supervison Trip 5 60,000,000 300,000,000 9 Social supervision Trip 5 60,000,000 275,000,000 Training on capacity Lumsum 60,000,000 60,000,000 building 5.7 Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) Within the Vietnamese legal framework, citizen rights to complain are protected. As part of overall implementation of the project, a grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be developed by the ESU of the PPMU, according procedures, responsible persons and contact information will be developed. It will be readily accessible to ensure that grievances shall be handled and resolved at the lowest level as quickly as possible. The mechanism will provide a framework within which complaints about environmental and safety issues can be handled, grievances can be addressed and disputes can be settled promptly. The GRM will be in place before construction commencement. During construction, the GRM will be managed by the contractors under supervision of the CSC. The contractors will inform the affected communities and communes about the GRM availability to handle complaints and concerns about the project. This will be done via the community consultation and information disclosure process under which the contractors will communicate with the affected communities and interested authorities on a regular basis. Meetings will be held at least quarterly, monthly information brochures will be published, announcements will be placed in local media, and notices of upcoming planned activities will be posted, etc. 208 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E All complaints and corresponding actions undertaken by the contractors will be recorded in project safeguard monitoring reports. Complaints and claims for damages could be lodged as follows: - Verbally: direct to the CSC and/ or the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives at the site offices. - In writing: by hand-delivering or posting a written complaint to specified addresses. - By telephone, fax, e-mails: to the CSC, the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives. Upon receipt of a complaint, the CSC, the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives will register the complaint in a complaint file and maintain a log of events pertaining to it thereafter, until it is resolved. Immediately after receipt, four copies of the complaint will be prepared. The original will be kept in the file, one copy will be used by the contractor ’s safeguard staff, one copy will be forwarded to the CSC, and the fourth copy to the PPMU within 24 hours since receipt of the complaint. Information to be recorded in the complaint log will consist of: - The date and time of the complaint. - The name, address and contact details of the complainant. - A short description of the complaint. - Actions taken to address the complaint, including contact persons and findings at each step in the complaint redress process. - The dates and times when the complainant is contacted during the redress process. - The final resolution of the complaint. - The date, time and manner in which the complainant was informed thereof. - The complainant’s signature when resolution has been obtained. Minor complaints will be dealt with within one week. Within two weeks (and weekly thereafter), a written reply will be delivered to the complainant (by hand, post, fax, e-mails) indicating the procedures taken and progress to date. The main objective will be to resolve an issue as quickly as possible by the simplest means, involving as few people as possible, and at the lowest possible level. Only when an issue cannot be resolved at the simplest level and/ or within 15 days, will other authorities be involved. Such a situation may arise, for example, when damages are claimed, the to-be-paid amount cannot be resolved, or damage causes are determined. Grievance Redress Mechanism for affected person who lose means of income/livelihoods, are Summarised in the Table 66 below. Table 66 - Grievance Redress Mechanism First Stage – PAP may submit their complaint – either in written or verbal, to the Ward/Comnune office of the Ward/Commune People‟s Committee. W/C PC will People’s Committee receive the complaints and will notifythe W/C PC leaders of the (WPC): complaint. The Chairman of the W/C PC will meet the complainant in person and will solve it within 15 days following the receipt of the complaint. Second Stage – After 15 days since the submission of the complaints, if the aggrieved 209 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E City/District People’s person does not have any response from the W/C PC, or if the Committee (C/DPC): aggrieved person is not satisfied with the decision taken on his/her complaint, the PAP may take the case, either in written or verbal, to the Reception Unit of City/District People‟s Committee. The City/District People‟s Committee will have 30 days since the date of receipt of the complaint to resolve the case. The City/District People‟s Committee will register all the complaints submitted and will inform the District Board for Compensation and Land Acquisition of the City/District PC‟s resolution/assessment results. Aggrieved person may elevate the case to the Courts of Law if they wish. Third Stage – After 30 days, if the aggrieved PAP does not hear from the Provincial People’s City/District PC, or if the PAP is not satisfied with the decision taken Committee): on his/her complaint, the PAP may escalate the case, either in writing or verbal, provincial People‟s Committee, or lodge an administrative case with the City/District People‟s Court for resolution. The provincial PC will have 45 days to resolve the complaint to the satisfaction of all the concerned. The provincial PC secretariat is also responsible for registering all complaints that are submitted. Aggrieved person may elevate the case to the Courts of Law if they wish Final Stage - Courts of After 45 days following the submission of the complaint at provincial Law: PC, if the aggrieved PAP does not hear from the provincial PC, or if PAP is not satisfied with the decision taken on his/her complaint, PAP may take the case to a Courts of Law for adjudication. Decision by the court will be the final decision. Decision on solving the complaints must be sent to the aggrieved PAPs and concerned parties, and must be posted at the office of the People‟s Committee where the complaint is solved. After 3 days, the decision/result on resolution must be made available at ward level and after 7 days at the district level. The World Bank’s Grievance Redress Mechanism: Communities and individuals who believe that they are adversely affected by a WB-financed project may submit complaints to the available project-level grievance redress mechanism or the WB’s Grievance Redress Service (GRS). The GRS will ensure that complaints received are promptly reviewed to adddress project-related concerns. The affected communities and individuals of the project may submit their complaints to the WB’s independent Inspection Panel that will determine whether harms occurred, or can occur, as a result of WB non-compliance with its policies and procedures. Complaints may be submitted at anytime after concerns have been brought directly to the WB’s attention, and the Bank Management has been given an opportunity to respond. For information on how to submit complaints to the World Bank’s corporate Grievance Redress Service (GRS), please visit www.worldbank.org/grs. For information on how to submit complaints to the World Bank Inspecition Panel, please visit www.inspectionpanel.org. 210 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E CHAPTER 6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 6.1 Consultation Process According to the World Bank‟s Environmental Assessment Policy (OP / BP 4.01) and Involuntary Resettlement Policy (OP / BP 4/12), the project has conducted public consultation and information disclosure to the affected people and local authorities on the environmental and social issues during the project preparation. The public consultation during the preparation of the project‟s ESIA also complis with the requirements in the Government‟s Decree No. 18/2015/ND-CP dated 14 February 2015 on environmental protection planning, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan, and Circular No. 27/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 29 May 2015 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan. The objectives of public consultation for this ESIA are: (i) to share all information related to the investments to be supported under the project to local community and stakeholders, including potential environmental and social impacts associated to project‟s activities, mitigation measures, management plan; and (ii) to gather opinions/comments and concerns from local authorities and the communities on site specifics and environmentally sensitive issues in the project area, especially matters that the environmental assessment impact consultant has not been aware of. On such basis, the concerns and suggestions of the local communities are addressed appropriately in the ESIA and the project design options. 6.1.1 Consultation with Local Authorities at Communes and Town Level In implementing the Vietnam Law on Environmental Protection 2014 and the World Bank‟s OP4.01 Policy, representative of the Project Owner – the Project Management Unit for Traffic Safety (TSPMU) has sent the official document no. 809/TSPMU-DA1 dated on 16/8/2016 to the People‟s Committees of communes and district towns on the public consultation process conducted during the development of the ESIA report for the Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project. The recipients include: - Pleiku City (Gia Lai Province): Gao, Chu H‟Drông, Chu A, An Phu communes. - Duc Co District (Gia Lai Province): Ia Nan commune, Chu Ty township, Ia Pnon commune, Ia Krieng, Ia Kla, Ia Krêl, Ia Dom and Ia Din communes. - Chu Prong District (Gia Lai Province): Binh Giao, Bau Can, Thang Hung communes. - Dak Doa (Gia Lai Province): Dak Doa town, Ia Bang, Glar, Ia Bang, K‟Dang, A Dok and Tan Binh communes. - Mang Yang District (Gia Lai Province): Kon Dong town, Dak Djrang commune - Dak Po District (Gia Lai Province): Tan An, Cu An communes. - An Khê Provincial Town (Gia Lai Province): Song An, Thanh An, An Phuoc, Ngo May and An Binh wards and communes - Tay Son District (Binh Dinh Province): Tay Thuan and Tay Giang communes. Consultation meetings were held with these local authories during project preparation. Theyhave sent their feedback to the Project Owner, TSPMU, which is summarized in the Table 68. 211 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E 6.1.2 Consultation with Local Communities TSPMU has collaborated with the People‟s Committees of the Communes/Townships in the project areas to organize consultation meetings with the relevant organizations and the local communities about the content of the project, the potential positive and negative environmental and social impacts associatd with project activities and the proposed mitigation measures. The consultation meetings were held in August and December 2016. Participants in the consultation meetings are representatives of the investment owner, the local authorities, the FS and ESIA consultants and the affected communities. The contents discussed at the consultation meetings are of the following (i) Dissemination of the project information and maps on the construction work in the commune; (ii) Presenting the positive and negative environmental impacts of proposed project activities; (iii) Proposing mitigation measures for social and environmental impacts. The local authorities and affected people have provided their views on the environmental and social issues and their comments are provided in Table 67. Table 67 - Consultation Meetings with Local Organizations Meeting location, Total number of Date Participation participants /Women/ Ethnic Minority people Gia Lai Province - Vice Chairman of CPC, Chairman of Father Front Land, Gao Commune‟s People Women Union, Farmer Union and Veteran Union, Head 17/8/2016 Committee, Pleiku City of the commune health station 10/1/5 - Representatives of local affectd residents in group 4, A village - Chairmans of CPC, Father Front Land, Youth Union Chu A Commune‟s Leader, Head of the commune health station, cadastral People Committee, Pleiku 19/8/2016 land registration officer City 7/2/0 - Representatives of local affected residents: Village 1 and 2. Chư Hdrong Commune‟s - Chairmans of CPC, Father Front Land, Women Union, People Committee, Pleiku Farmer Union, Veteran Union, Youth Union Leader. 18/8/2016 City, - Representatives of local affected residents: Village Heads 9/2/3 of Ham Rong, CHăm Nerh, Ngol Tả An Phu Commune‟s - Chairmans of CPC, Father Front Land, Women Union, 22/8/2016 People Committee Farmer Union, Veteran Union, Youth Union Leader. 10/5/0 - Representatives of affected households. - Chairman of CPC, Vice Chairman of CPC, Chairmans of Father Front Land, Women Union, Veteran Union, Đăk Đoa Township‟s 18/8/2016 Farmer Union, Youth Union Leader, Deputy head of the People Committee, Đăk and commune health station; Đoa district 15/12/2016 26/05/10 - Representatives of local residents: village heads of Piơn, Klok and affected households of Piơn, Klok village in group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7. - Chairman and Vice Chairman of CPC, Chairman of Father Front Land, Youth Union Leader, Farmer Union K‟Dang Ward‟s People 19/8/2016 Chairman, Women Union, veterans, urban officer, Committee, Đăk Đoa and commune health officer ; District 17/12/2016 - Representatives of local residents: village heads of Cau 26/03/10 Vang, Aluk village and affected households in Cau Vang, Aluk, Cay Điep and Ha Long 2 villages. 212 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Meeting location, Total number of Date Participation participants /Women/ Ethnic Minority people - Chairman of CPC, Chairman of Father Front Land, Youth Ia Băng Commune‟s 18/8/2016 Union Leader, Chairwoman of Women Union, cadastral People Committee, Đăk and land registration officer, commune health officer ; Đoa District 28/12/2016 - Representatives of local residents: village head of Ia Klai 24/03/01 and affected households in Ia Klai village and Village 5. - Vice Chairman of CPC, Chairmans of Father Front Land, Farmer Union Chairman, Women Union, Veteran Union, Adơk Commune‟s People 19/8/2016 Farmer Union Vice Chairman, cadastral land registration Committee, Đăk Đoa and officer; Youth Union Leader, District 20/12/2016 - Representatives of local residents: village head and 15/01/10 affected households at Piơng, Djrông, Broch 1, Biatih 1, Biatih 2 villages - Chairman and Vice Chairman of CPC, Chairmans of G‟Lar Commune‟s People Father Front Land, Farmer Union, Women Union, Youth 20/8/2016 Committee, Đăk Đoa Union Leader, Head of Commune Health Station; and District - Representatives of local residents: village head and 19/12/2016 17/01/15 affected households of Tuơh Ktu, Tuơh Klah, Bối, Bái villages - Vice Chairman of CPC, Chairmans of Father Front Land, Binh Giao Commune Farmer Union, Women Union, Head of Commune Health People‟s Committee, Chư 17/8/2016 Station. Prong District 8/2/2 - Representatives of local affected residents: Tân Lạc, Thanh Bình villages Ia Nan Commune - Vice Chairman of CPC, Chairmans of Father Front Land, People‟s Committee, Duc Farmer Union, Women Union, Veteran Union, Youth 26/8/2016 Co District Union Leader, Head of Commune Health Station, 8/2/1 cadastral land registration officer, affected households. Chư Ty Township - Chairman of CPC, Chairmans of Father Front Land, People‟s Committee, Duc Farmer Union, Women Union, Youth Union Leader, Head 17/8/2016 Cơ District of Commune Health Station, commune police. 9/4/0 - Representatives of local residents: affected households - Vice Chairman of CPC, Vice Chairman of Father Front Ia Pnôn Commune, Duc Land, Chairwoman of Women Union, Chairman of 24/8/2016 Co district Farmer Union, commune police 8/6/6 - Representatives of affected households. - Chairman of CPC, Chairmans of Father Front Land, IaKrieng Commune Farmer Union, Youth Union Leader, cadastral land People‟s Committee, Duc registration officer. 23/8/2016 Cơ District - Representatives of local affected residents: Village heads 10/0/1 of Thanh Tân, Thanh Giáo, IA Lâm, Ia Lâm Teek, Ia Kăm villages. Ia Kla Commune People‟s - Chairman of CPC, Vice head of Communist Party Committee, Duc Co 20/8/2016 District - Representatives of local affected residents: Chư Bồ 1, 4/2/0 Chư Bồ 2 villages Ia Krêl Commune - Vice Chairman of CPC, Head of Commune Health 19/8/2016 People‟s Committee, Duc Station; and Cơ District - Representatives of local affected residents: village head of 21/12/2016 16/04/01 Thanh Tân and affected households in Thanh Tân, Thanh 213 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Meeting location, Total number of Date Participation participants /Women/ Ethnic Minority people Giáo, Ia Lâm Tôk and Ia Lâm villages. - Vice Chairman of CPC, Chairman of Father Front Land, Dak Dtrăng Commune‟s Chairman of Women Union, Farmer Union, Head of People‟s Committee, 20/8/2016 Commune Health Station, commune officer. Mang Yang District 9/4/0 - Representatives of local affected residents: Tân Phú and Hà Ra villages. - Vice Chairman of CPC, Chairman of Father Front Land, Cu An Commune‟s 22/8/2016 Women Union, Cadastral land registration officer – People‟s Committee, Đăk and environment, commune officer; Pơ District 26/12/2016 - Representatives of local residents: affected households of 31/05/0 An Bình, Hiệp Phú and An Sơn villages. - Chairman of CPC, Vice Chairman of CPC, Chairman of Song An Commune‟s Father Front Land, Vice Head of Communist Party, 22/8/2016 People‟s Committee, An Farmer Union Chairman, Chairwoman of Women Union, and Khe District cadastral land registration officer; 23/12/2016 26/07/0 - Representatives of local residents: affected households of An Thượng 2, An Thượng 3 and Thượng An 1 villages. - Vice Chairman of CPC, Chairman of Father Front Land, Head of Communist Party, Youth Union Leader, Vice Thanh An Commune‟s 22/8/2016 Chairwoman of Women Union, Farmer Union Chairman, People‟s Committee, An and Veteran Union, Cadastral land registration officer, Head Khe District 23/12/2016 of Commune Health Station; 37/11/0 - Representatives of local residents: affected households in Village 2 and 6 - Chairman and Vice Chairman of CPC, Chairman of Father Front Land, Youth Union Leader, Chairwoman of An Phuoc Commune‟s 22/8/2016 Women Union, Farmer Union, Veteran Union, Cadastral People‟s Committee, An and land registration officer, Head of Commune Health Khe Town 22/12/2016 Station; 24/02/0 - Representatives of local residents: village head of village 1 and affected households of group 1 and 2. - Chairman of CPC, Vice Chairman of CPC, Chairman of Ngo May Commune‟s Father Front Land, Women Union, Farmer Union, 22/8/2016 People‟s Committee, An Veteran Union, Cadastral land registration officer, Head and Khe town of Commune Health Station, Youth Union Leader; 22/12/2016 22/9/0 - Representatives of local residents: affected households of village 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. An Binh Commune‟s - Vice Chairman of CPC, Vice Head of Communist Party, 22/8/2016 People‟s Committee, An Chairman of Father Front Land, Farmer Union Chairman; and Khe town - Representatives of local residents: affected households of 23/12/2016 35/07/01 Hiệp Phú village at group 4, 5, 7, 10. - Chairman of CPC, Chairman of Father Front Land, Kon Dơng township Women Union, Farmer Union, Veteran Union, Youth People‟s Committee, 20/8/2016 Union Leader, Head of Commune Health Station, Mang Yang District cadastral land registration officer. 9/4/0 - Representatives of local affected residents: Village head 1 Tay Son Commune - Chairman of CPC, Chairman of Father Front Land, 22/8/2016 People‟s Committee, An Women Union, Farmer Union, Veteran Union, Youth Khe Town Union Leader. 214 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Meeting location, Total number of Date Participation participants /Women/ Ethnic Minority people 9/2/0 - Representatives of local affected residents: Group 5,6,7 Tân Bình Commune - Chairman of CPC, commune officer. People‟s Committee, Đắc 18/12/2016 - Representatives of local residents: Village head 1, 2 and Đoa District 8/2/0 some affected households Thanh An commune - Representatives of affected households and commune‟s 2/3/2017 PC K‟Dang commune - Representatives of affected households and commune‟s 3/3/2017 PC Đak Djrang commune - Representatives of affected households and commune‟s 5/3/17 PC Ia Bang commune - Representatives of affected households and commune‟s 4/3/2017 PC Ia Krel commune - Representatives of affected households and commune‟s 8/3/2017 PC Binh Dinh Province - Chairman of CPC, Chairman of Father Front Land, Tay Giang Commune Women Union, Farmer Union, Veteran Union, Youth People‟s Committee, Tay Union Leader, Head of Commune Health Station. 22/8/2016 Son District - Representatives of local affected residents of Thượng 10/1/0 Giang 1, Thượng Giang 2, Tả Giang 1, Tả Giang 2 villages - Chairman of CPC, Chairman of Father Front Land, Tay Thuan Commune Farmer Union, Veteran Union, Youth Union Leader. 22/8/2016 People‟s Committee, Tay Son District 8/1/0 - Representatives of local affected communities of Trung Sơn and Thượng Sơn villages. Tay Giang and Tay Thuan People‟s Committee, Tay - Representatives of affected households and commune‟s 2-4/3/2017 Son District PC The consultation activities will be continued during the project‟s detailed design and implementation process. 6.1.3 Consultation at Provincial Level The consultation meeting on the project, including the environmental and social issues was organized in Pleiku City on January 18, 2017. This meeting received the participation of representatives from the local authorities of some townships and communes, MOT, TSPMU, the FS consultants, the environmental and safeguard consultants and the World Bank task team. Most of the comments focused on the scope and scale of the project investment. The feedback confirms that the project investment is necessary to ensure traffic safety and boost up the socioeconomic growth of the localities. Besides, there are some suggestions for additional investment items in the project scope such as (1) Gia Lai DOT proposed that the section between Km155 and Km160 to be expanded into an urban standard road; (2) Binh Dinh DOT proposed an additional investment for a bypass for Phu Phong township.In addition, the vice-chairman of An Khe Town People‟s Committee confirmed that the forest within the vicinity of the bypass is a plantation land managed by households renting the land in the area. There are no significant physical cultural and historical resources in the proposed 215 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E project area. The local governments were asked to provide support to the consultants in field survey and identification of construction material quarries and disposal sites so that they can finalize the report during the project preparation stage. 6.2 Feedback Received from Public Consultation 6.2.1 Responses from Commune/Town People’s Committees The People‟s Committees of the relevant communes have received the official document no. 809/TSPMU-DA1 dated on 16/8/2016 from the Project Management Unit for Traffic Safety informing on the key investment items, environmental issues and environmental protection solutions. Based on this correspondence, the relevant documents and the dialogue between the investment owner, leaders and officers of the localities, the People‟s Committees have reviewed and sent their responses in writing to the project‟s investment owner. Consolidated feedback from the PCs is presented in the Table 68 below. Table 68. Responses from People’s Committees of communes, wards and district towns Responses from People’s Committees of Communes, Wards and District Commune/ Towns in the project area Ward/District On mitigation measures Towns On potential to mitigate the potential Recommendations impacts impacts Gao Commune - - Dust pollution - Pay attention to reduce - Assign traffic control person to Pleiku City- Gia affecting dust by watering. regulate the traffic in the area of Lai Province households near - Implement mitigation influence by construction work. the project measures as committed in construction site the report and regulations. - Traffic congestion at peak hours. Chư Á Coomune - - Impacts on the - Mitigation measures - It is recommended that Pleiku City - Gia surrounding air, should be implemented as occupational and traffic safety is Lai Province water and soil proposed in the project to be ensured throughout the environment ESIA. construction phase. - Ensure the construction meets the progress timeline. Chư H‟Đrông - Impacts on air - Having effective - Implement the environmental Commune, Pleiku environment, measures to reduce dust protection regulations City noise (on site watering, covered - Implement the mitigation trunks of materials measures as specified in the transportation vehicles) ESIA - The construction should be implemented in a successive and fast manner. An Phu Commune - Impacts on the - Mitigation measures - It is recommended that traffic - Pleiku City - Gia surrounding should be implemented as safety and occupational safety is Lai Province environment such committed in the project to be ensured throughout the as soils, water, air ESIA. construction phase. and noise… - Ensure the construction meets the project timeline. Đak Đoa township - Agreed with the - Agreed with the - Implement the proposed - Đak Đoa District negative impacts mitigation measures mitigation measures - Gia Lai Province 216 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Responses from People’s Committees of Communes, Wards and District Commune/ Towns in the project area Ward/District On mitigation measures Towns On potential to mitigate the potential Recommendations impacts impacts identified in the proposed in the project‟s - Attention given to the ESIA sent to the ESIA. construction work in rainy commune season, affecting traffic safety. - Need segregate traffic lane; ensure traffic safety during the construction period. K‟Dang, Đắk Đoa - Agreed to have - Need to apply appropriate - Limit the construction activities District the project compensation policy for during people‟s rest hours. - Attention given to affected households Ensure the traffic connectivity of house cracking the local access road, upgrade issue, local access the drainage ditches and road, water culverts. drainage ditch - Ensure water drainage as a result of project activities. Ia Băng Commune - Impacts on the - Having effective - Provide advance notice to the - Đak Đoa District surrounding measures to reduce dust local authority on the environment such (on site watering, covered construction work in the area. as air and noise. trunks of materials - Address timely the concerns of - Related impacts transportation vehicles) local people; provide from construction - Register with the local appropriate compensation to the workers‟ authority on the affected households. gathering, and temporary residency for impacts the workers as per the frommaterial Government regulation. transportation Adơk Commune, - Impacts on the - Construct progressively - Implement the environmental Đắk Đoa District surrounding and as fas as possible protection regulations environment such - Adopt effective measures - Implement the mitigation as, air and noise for dust suppression measures as specified in the ESIA Glar Commune, - Impacts on the - Suppress dust by watering - Pay attention to mitigation of Đắk Đoa District surrounding - Use equipment to impacts on the surrounding environment such minimize noise environment such as, air and as, air and noise, - Cover vehicles noise, and vibration and vibration transporting materials - Mitigate the impacts due to - Vehicle - Provide compensation, vehicle transportation of transportation of support and resettlement construction materials construction in accordance with the materials regulations Binh Giao - Chu - Impacts on air - Implement adequately the - Impacts on air quality, fugitive Prong District - quality, fugitive mitigation measures as dust, and wastewater should be Gia Lai Province dust, and specified in the ESIA reduced by appropriate wastewater mitigation measures. should be reduced by appropriate mitigation measures. 217 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Responses from People’s Committees of Communes, Wards and District Commune/ Towns in the project area Ward/District On mitigation measures Towns On potential to mitigate the potential Recommendations impacts impacts Ia Nan Commune - - Agreed with the - Agreed with mitigation - Agreed with the environmental Đuc Co District - environmental measures as specified in impacts identified in the ESIA. Gia Lai Province impacts identified the ESIA. in the ESIA. Chư Ty town - - Impacts on the - Implement construction - To have appropriate mitigation Duc Co District - surrounding fast and successively measures for potential impacts Gia Lai Province environment such - Proper finish and recover on the surrounding environment as, air, vibration the construction site, site such as, air, vibration and noise and noise cleaning to ensure - Ensure traffic safety. - Impacts on traffic environment and - Need to have mitigation safety. sanitation measures to minimine impacts - Impacts from - Assess the housing from solid waste, waste solid waste, waste structures of local houses generated from worker camp, generated from to avoid complaints on construction machineries and worker camp, the house cracks during equipment. construction construction. - Consult carefully with local machineries and authority and communities for equipment. suitable site of workers camp - Register workers‟ residence with local authority. Ia Pnon Commune - Agreed with the - Suppress dust by on site - Implement the construction fast - Đuc Co District - environmental watering during the and successively and ensure the Gia Lai Province impacts identified construction. traffic safety. in the ESIA. - Register the temporary - The trucks transporting - Impacts on residency for workers materials should be covered to security of the minimize dust emission. area during construction period. Ia Kriêng - Impacts on air - Implement the mitigation - Ensure traffic safety Commune - Đuc environment. measures as proposed in - Register temporary residency for Co District - Gia - Impacts due to the ESIA. workers with the local authority. Lai Province workers gathering Ia Kla Commune - - Agreed with the - Implement the mitigation - Compensate adequately (if Đuc Co District environmental measures appropriately as feasible). impacts identified proposed in the ESIA. - Implement the construction in the ESIA. activities as fast as possible . Ia Krêl Commune - Noise pollution - Agreed with the - Apply appropriate measures to - Đuc Co District - impacts on nearby environmental mitigation mitigate negative impacts to the Gia Lai Province households during measures proposed in the environment and routine the construction ESIA. activities of the local people. period. - Need the project‟s commitment - Site clearance to implement the construction in cause accordance to the procedures socioeconomical and the regulations. impacts. Đắk DJ răng, - Impacts on air - Suppress dust by on site - Coordinate with local authority 218 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Responses from People’s Committees of Communes, Wards and District Commune/ Towns in the project area Ward/District On mitigation measures Towns On potential to mitigate the potential Recommendations impacts impacts Mang Yang environment, watering during the during construction period District noise and construction in dry and - Register temporary residency vibration hot days and temporary leave for the - Impacts to traffic - Carry out construction workers with local authority safety on NH19 activities as fast as possible - Provide advance notice to the local authority and communities on construction activities Tan An Commune - Impacts on air - Agreed with the - Request that the contractor - Đak Pơ District - environment by environmental mitigation dispose soil waste at proper site Gia Lai Province dust and noise. measures proposed in the with agreement from the local - Impacts due to ESIA. Request the authority and community. disposal soil contractor to implement - Suppress dust by on site materials during the committed measures watering during the construction construction. fully. in dry and hot days. - Assign a traffic control person Cu An Commune - - Construction - Suppress dust by on site - Register temporary residency Đak Pơ District activities cause watering during the and temporary leave for the impacts on daily construction in dry and workers and people coming routine of the hot days. from other places with local local people. - Assign traffic control authority. - Impacts due to person to assist traffic - Comply with the Law on noise, dust, routing in NH19. Environmental Protection vibration and - Construct as fast as possible traffic safety. Song An - Impacts on air - Agreed with the - Request that the project is Commune - An environment due environmental mitigation implemented soon. Khe Provincial to noise and dust. measures proposed in the - Construct in progressive manner Town - Gia Lai - Agreed with the ESIA. and water regularly to reduce Province impacts listed in fugitive dust. the ESIA. - Implement the mitigation measures as specified in the ESIA. Thanh An - Impacts on air - Water regularly to reduce - Site clearance, compensation Commune – An environment fugitive dust and impacts and resettlement according to Khe Provincial (dust). to local people the regulations Town - Gia Lai - Deposited soils, - Transport residual soils to - Implement mitigation measures Province gravels during the gathering as per regulations. transportation accordance to the process. regulations. - Deposited and buried soils/ gravels to the low agriculture land An Phuoc Ward – - Basically agreed - Ensure public health, - Compensation and construction 219 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Responses from People’s Committees of Communes, Wards and District Commune/ Towns in the project area Ward/District On mitigation measures Towns On potential to mitigate the potential Recommendations impacts impacts An Khe Provincial with the contents security and are implemented in compliance Town - Gia Lai of the report. socioeconomic conditions with regulations; Properly finish Province during the project. the site. Ngo May Ward – - Impacts on traffic - The contractor is required - During construction period, if An Khe Provincial activities and to implement the cracks, soil subsidence to the Town - Gia Lai daily life of local committed environmental local houses happen, it is Province households in the mitigation measures requested that the project project vicinity. coordinate with the local - Dust, noise and authority and community to vibration impacts resolve the issues. during construction period An Binh Ward, An - Impacts on the - Construct in fast and - Implement the mitigation Khe Provincial business activities successive manner measures as proposed in the Town and daily life of ensuring traffic safety ESIA local people along NH19 route. - Comply with the Law on during the road - Assign a traffic control Environmental Protection. surface layering person to assist traffic and (short-term) install wanring sign. line. - Impacts on traffic safety and traffic on NH19 route. Tay Thuan - Impacts on air - Implement the - Coordinate with the local Commune - Tay environment compensation policies authority during the construction Son District – caused by dust and site clearance period Binh Dinh and noise according to the - Register temporary residency Province pollution regulations. and temporary leave for the - Traffic safety - Implement the mitigation workers with local authority issues. measures as proposed in the ESIA. 6.2.2 Feedback from Local Communities and Mass Organizations The consultation meetings were organized with the participation of representatives from the Project Management Unit for Traffic Safety, the ESIA consultants, the leaders and officers of the local authorities, representatives from the Father Front Land and the affected communities in order to collect their feedback on the project and on the related environmental issues. Consolidated feedback from local communities is summarized in Table 69 below. Table 69 - Feedback from the Local Community Representatives Commune/ Feedback from the Local Communities Ward/ Town Đak Đoa - Expanding the NH19 section running through Dak Doa district town is necessary District Town- because the section has narrow cross-section, is downgraded and no longer meets Đak Đoa the travel needs of vehicles and people in the area. The construction period can District - Gia affect business/ small trading activities, living and travelling of the local people if Lai Province the contractor does not implement traffic routing, flagging and alternative/temporary pass for the local people living along the roadsides. 220 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Commune/ Feedback from the Local Communities Ward/ Town - Request that the contractor to implement traffic routing, assign a person as a traffic controller and place warning signs to ensure traffic safety in the vicinity of the construction site. - Local households living along the roadsides might suffer from dust and vibration when the road is expanded. The contractor is required to have appropriate solutions to ensure environment and sanitation. - It is required that the contractor construct in a fast and neatly manner, not blocking the access road by machineries and construction materials. Tan An - NH19 running through Tan An commune does not meet the current travel needs of Commune - Đak local people as traffic flow increases. Therefore the upgrading and expansion of NH Pơ District - Gia 19 are necessary. During the implementation of the project, there might be impacts Lai Province on air environment, dust and traffic safety as the road will be in operation at the same time with the upgrading process. Thus the contractor is requested to properly implement the environmental protection measures as proposed in the ESIA. - During the upgrading of NH19, some environmental, traffic and security issues will not be avoidable. The contractor is required to ensure the traffic flow of vehicles on NH19, not affecting business/trading activities of local households living along the roadsides. - The contractor is required to have a detailed construction plan. The construction work should be conducted in a successive way, not taking up on the transport corridor. Warning signs, flaggers and lighting should be provided. - Compensation due to land acquisition on NH19 is negligible in the commune as most households comply with the regulations, not occupying the transport corridor. However, the project information and land inventory should be made publicly and the land acquisition and site clearance need to be in compliance with the Government regulations. - The investment owner/ contractor is suggested to study the option of making a drainage ditch along the residential area, provide street lighting if necessary and reduce dust by watering regularly. Binh Giao - Completely agreed with the content of the ESIA presented by the project‟s commune - Chư investment owner. Prông District - - During the construction period, the contractor need to pay attention to the traffic Gia Lai safety issues Province - The investment owner need to finish the construction completely; avoid prolonged work that affects local people‟s travel and daily life. - Pay attention and have measures to mitigateproject impacts on business activities of local households in the vicinity of the project. - The project might cause noise, dust and vibration impacts that need appropriate mitigation measures. - Material transportation vehicles need to be safely covered to avoid dropping materials along the way. - It is required that the investment owner complies with the environmental mitigation measures. - Prior to the construction, the project need to properly conduct field survey and assess the surrounding environment. - During construction period, if soil subsidence and house cracks happen, corrective actions need be taken to minimize the loss of local people‟s properties. Gao commune- - The community are supportive to the project Pleiku City - - There will be dust pollution that needs to have appropriate mitigation measures Gia Lai such as watering or covering of materials during the construction period. Province - Collaborate strongly with the local authority during the project implementation. 221 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Commune/ Feedback from the Local Communities Ward/ Town - Ensure traffic safety; assign a traffic control officer, place warning signs clearly. - Register temporary residency of incoming workers with the local authority. - Keep the construction site clean and sanitation at the minimum requirements, preventing the workers and local people in the area from infection diseases. - Manage the workers well, avoid social disturbance to the local people - Complete the construction in a successive manner and comply with the state regulations. Chư Ty Disitric - Agreed with the project information Town – Duc Co - During the construction, gathering of materials should be in appropriate places. District - Gia - Wastewater treatment should be conducted in accordance with the right procedures. Lai Province - Minimize the noise, dust and vibration impacts. Mitigation measures should be put in place such as watering... - Employ local construction workers to minimize workers coming from other places that might cause social disturbance and security upset to the local community. - Register temporary residency for workers with the local authority - Proper finish the construction work and recover the surrounding environment Ia Pnôn - Ensure traffic safety during the construction period. Place warning signs and Commune - Duc arrange traffic control person. Co District - Gia - Conduct the site clearance as according to the State regulations Lai Province - Register temporary residency for workers with the local authority. - Construct in progressive manner as per activities timeline, avoiding prolonged work that will result in impactsto local people. - Proper finish the construction work and ensurethe surrounding environment is maintained properly as before construction activities take place.. Ia Kriêng - The investment owner should be implementing the commitments made in the report Commune - Duc to minimize the negative impacts to the environment. Co - Gia Lai - Implement the project as committed progress timeframe, avoidprolonged work. Province - Implement site clearance as according to the regulations; publicize the compensation and support policies - Provide advance notice to the locality for the best collaboration during the construction, especially in the rainy season the construction work might affect the people‟s travel. - Materials during transportation process need to be covered and not be overloaded. - The project construction work might cause house cracks to adjacent houses to the construction site. Therefore the investment owner and the contractor are requested to conduct the site survey thoroughly and apply appropriate construction technology. - Agreed with the contents presented in the ESIA. It is requested that the contractor implement the approved ESIA appropriately. - The contractor need to gather the construction materials into the specified locations as agreed with local authority and community and recover the site after the construction. Cu An - The construction of the road will affect the traffic activities and the transport of Commune - Dak passengers and goods. Po District - The locality will enable the project implementation. - Register temporary residency for workers with the local authority. - The project implementation must comply with the government regulations. - Reduce dust pollution by watering in the dry and hot weather - Assign a traffic control person to assist the traffic passing by the construction site. - Select the construction methods that help to minimize the impacts on household 222 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Commune/ Feedback from the Local Communities Ward/ Town businesses and living conditions of local people Ia Băng - Fully implement the environmental mitigation measures as specified in the project Commune - Đak ESIA. Đoa District - If land acquisition is required, there need to be compensation policies in place and implemented as according to the government regulations. - During the construction phase, there will be impacts of dust, noise and air environment. Therefore, the appropriate mitigation measures need to be applied, especially watering regularly to reduce dust. - Collaborate with local authorities to resolve issues emerging during the project implementation. - Recover the site after the construction. Ia Kla - Support the project management unit commune- Duc - It is requested that PMU and the investment owner commit to implement the Co District- Gia project per the state regulations. Lai Province - There should be specific mitigation measure to minimize the negative impacts - Ensure traffic safety during the construction, especially at Chu Bo pass where traffic accidents often happen. - Construction implemented as according to the plan and progress timeline. The commune people‟s committee and local community need tobe informed about the construction plan. Tay Thuan - Agreed with the project contents commune – Tay - The contractor should collaborate with the local authorities and community on site Son District – clearance work Binh Dinh - Register temporary residency for the workers with local authority as per the Province government regulation - Ensure traffic safety during the construction phase - There should be specific mitigation measure to minimize the dust, noise and vibration impacts, especially reduce dust by watering and covering construction materials - Dispose waste in the appropriate disposal sites as according to the regulations. - Recover the site after the construction. Song An - There should be specific mitigation measures to minimize the noise and vibration Commune- An impacts. Agreed with the mitigation measures proposed in the report Khe Provincial - It is requested that the project is soon to be implemented Town - Gia Lai - Regular water to reduce dust and ensure traffic safety Province - The construction sites need to be kept at minimum sanitation standard in order to prevent pollution spread to the surrounding environment - Register temporary residency for the incoming workers and mobilize local workers Thanh An - Minimize dust and air pollution Commune - An - Excavated soils should be transported away and disposed at the appropriate Khe Provincial disposal sites as according to the regulations Town - Gia Lai - Suggest to water regularly especially during hot and dry days to reduce dust Province - The transportation vehicles need to comply to the traffic safety rules - Compensation, support and resettlement need to be provided and addressed appropriately to the affected and relocated households. - Maintain the security in the area. Thang Loi - The work conducted in Thang Loi ward involves only to resurfacing the asphalt Ward- Pleiku layer. Therefore the project should pay attention to the work guidelines and select City - Gia Lai the contractor that is complied with the environmental protection regulations. Province - Ensure traffic safety during the construction work. Assign a traffic control person to 223 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Commune/ Feedback from the Local Communities Ward/ Town assist traffic, making flagging line and place warning signs. - Construct in a fast and progressive manner. Ensure the sanitation and urban landscape requirements. - It is recommended that the project soon to be implemented as in accordance with the contents presented in the ESIA report. - Agreed with the report contents and it is required that the project implementation aligns with the report‟s content. - The project investment owner should collaborate with relevant state departments to monitor and supervise the work of contractors. - Do not gather the equipment and machineries on the road lanes and pavements Chư Á - Agreed with the EIA report presented by the investment owner Commune – - There are households doing business in the vicinity of the project therefore Pleiku City - mitigation measures should be applied to reduce the impacts on them Gia Lai - Pay attention to the mitigation of air pollution, dust, noise and vibration impacts Province during the construction phase - Need to minimize affect to traffic activities - Implement the committed mitigation measures - Work with the local authority before rolling out the construction - If there are issues with house cracks or subsidence during the construction period there need to be effectively corrective measures in place - It is suggested that the project coordinates strongly with the local authority to timely resolve the emerging issues, avoiding complaints from the local people. Ia Krêl - During the construction period, mitigation measures for reducing dust, noise and Commune- Duc vibration impacts should be applied and monitored regularly. Co District- Gia - Excavated soils should be transported away and disposed at the appropriate Lai Province disposal sites. - Agreed with the mitigation measures proposed in the report - Ensure traffic safety during the construction phase. - Compensate adequately to the affected and resettled households - Need project‟s commitment to construct the work quickly in accordance with the project implementation timeline An Phưoc - Need to minimize the resettlement and impacts to the living and livelihood Ward- An Khê actitivites of local community, (ned to compensate adequately per regulations in Town - Gia Lai case land acquisition is needed) Province - Ensure environment and sanitation, especially the air environment in order to eliminate the health effects to the local people during the construction period - Minimize noise pollution to ensure it does not affect people‟s daily life - If vibration impact causes damage to the local houses, compensation per government regulation must be paid to affected household. - Follow technical procedure for waste transportation and disposal at appropriate disposal site - The project is required to provide notice regularly prior to, during and after the construction to the local authority and community so that they are well informed about the construction progress. - Fully register temporary residency for the workers Ngo May Ward- - Compensation cost norm should be considered thoughtfully for the households who An Khe are doing business within the vicinity of the project. Provincial - Water shortage in dry season should be considered during the project Town- Gia Lai implementation Province - There are unavoidable environmental impacts and traffic impacts during the project 224 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Commune/ Feedback from the Local Communities Ward/ Town implementation - It is required that the committed mitigation measures will be implemented - Prior to the construction, the project need toconduct a site survey thoroughly - If cracks are caused to houses adjacent to construction site, and land subsidence happen to the local houses, appropriate correction measures need to be made - Need to pay attention to the needs of recovering the construction site and transportation road after the construction - PMU should coordinate with the local authority to properly address the local complaints throughout the construction phase. Ia Nan - The commune is ready to coordinate with the project in doing land acquisition, site commune – Duc clearance and administrative management Co District- Gia - Recover the site after the construction Lai Province - Inform the commune about the specific construction plan throughout the construction phase - There should be mitigation measures for emerging social issues (the area is populated with Cambodians who are doing business and trading) - Generally, the commune agreed with the proposed environmental mitigation measures. The construction should be properly finished. - Ensure the order and security; employ local workers and register temporary residency for workers coming from different places An Bình Ward, - The investment owner is required to coordinate with the local authority to address An Khe issues rising during the construction work. Provincial Town - Assign a traffic control person to assist the traffic. - Minimize dust, noise and vibration impacts during construction phase. - Recover the site environment after the construction - Implement the mitigations measures in accordance with the law and regulations on environmental protection. K‟Dang - Agreed with the contents of the EIA report. Commune, Đắk - Restrict the construction work during peak hours to avoid the traffic congestion and Đoa impacts to the rest hours of the local people. - The unused soil materials can be transported to the areas where people have a need for backfilling. - Construct quickly, meeting the progress timeline - Have a compensation plan for the affected households - Ensure water drainage capacity of the canal network during the construction period. - If house cracks or subsidence happen, corrective measures need to be applied appropriately. - Recover the site environment and transportation road after the construction - Material transportation vehicles need to be covered. Đắk Djrăng - Fully agreed with the contents of the EIA report. commune, - When dust, noise and vibration impacts are unavoidable, affecting the local Mang Yang business and traffic, mitigations measures should be in place to minimize those District impacts. - Temporary residency registration for workers should be done - PMU should coordinate with the local authority to properly address the issues emerging during the construction phase. - Construct quickly, meeting the progress timeline. - Suppress dust by watering during dry season - Material transportation vehicles should be covered. Glar commune, - The investment owner has presented fully the impacts and the mitigation measures. 225 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E Commune/ Feedback from the Local Communities Ward/ Town Đắk Đoa - The investment owner is required to implement the project as committed in the District report. - Register temporary residency for the workers coming from other places. - Project owner should coordinate with the local authority to ensure the social security and properly address the local complaints during the construction phase. - If house cracks or subsidence happen, provide adequate compensation to the affected households. - Chư H‟Đrông It is hardly to avoid negative impacts to the environment during the construction Commune, phase. The project‟s owner should implement mitigation measures as committed. Pleiku City - Construct quickly, meeting the progress timeline. - Ensure traffic for local people throughout the construction period - Material transportation vehicles should be covered - Project owner should coordinate with the local authority to properly address the local complaints if any during the construction phase. - Return thematerial transportation route in appropreiate condition after construction activities completed. Adơk commune, - Agreed with the presented content of the EIA. Đắk Đoa - Dust, noise and vibration impacts are unavoidable therefore mitigations measure District should be in place to minimize those impacts. - The project‟s owner is required to pay attention to thee social security issues throughout the construction period - Register temporary residency for the workers coming from other places - Ensure traffic safety during the material transportation process. - If house cracks or subsidence happen, provide corrective actions and adequate compensation to the affected households - Material transportation vehicles should be covered to minimize the material drops in the road creating traffic safety risks. - There should be a plan to recover the site environment after the construction period. 6.2.3 Responses and Commitments by the Project Owner The TSPMU has taken into account and incorporated the comments from CPC, representatives from mass organizations and local communities into the project desing and ESIA report. It mentions clearly the following: - Regarding the comments to ensure environmental sanitation and public health: The TSPMU and the contractor will fully implement the mitigation measures specified in the ESIA report. At the same time the project will coordinate with the local authority to disclose publically the environmental and social impacts and mitigation measures to minimize the impacts of the project to ensure the people in the project areas know about them. - On the issue of traffic safety: With the aim to reduce traffic congestion, to ensure traffic safety and to prevent community loss and damages due to the transportation of soil materials, the project will adopt the following measures (the details will be presented in chapter 4 of the EIA report) - Transportation vehicles would conform within the loading capacity and speed limits specified on the transportation route. - Materials will be covered during the transportation process. 226 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project E - Coordinate closely with the local authorities of the communes/wards/ district towns to properly address the emerging issues, ensuring the order and security in the area throughout the construction phase. - With regards to the construction progress: The project will be implemented in accordance with the proposed progress. - The Project Management Unit for Traffic Safety will ensure the local people in project areas have the access to the public facilities. - The TSPMU and the contractor will recover the site environment upon the completion of the construction work. - Comply with the government regulations and the World Bank Policies in providing adequate compensation and support to the affected households. - Commit to ensure the water drainage and recover the site environment - The TSPMU will direct the contractors to fully implement the committed mitigation measures to minimize the negative environmental impacts as specified in the ESIA. 6.3 Information Disclosure The final draft ESIA report has been made publicly available in the project areas prior to the Project‟s Appraisal so that the affected, benefitted or concerned people can have an access to it. at the end of February 2017. The final ESIA in both English and Vietnamese has been submitted to the World Bank for review and comments. The final ESIA has incorporated the Bank‟s comments and made available on Bank‟s website and local communities during April 2017. 227 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ANNEXES 228 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ANNEX 1 – DUE DILIGENCE REVIEWS DULLIGENCE REVIEW OF BOT PROJECTS Project for Rehabilitation of the National Way 19 from Km17+027 to Km50 in Binh Dinh Province and Km108 to Km131+300 in Gia Lai Province under a BOT Contract (BOT Project) and the BOT Additional Financing Project The Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) for the BOT Project has been conducted by the Scientific Technological Center for Environmental Protection in Transportation (CEPT) who also have prepared the EIA for the Central – Central Highland Transportation Connectivity Project. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) has approved the EIA of the BOT Project at the Decision No. 1255/QĐ-BTNMT dated June 26, 2015 and the EIA for the BOT Additional Financing Project at the Decision No.3391/QĐ-BGTVT dated October 31, 2016. The key potential environmental and social impacts and risks identified in these two assessments are summarized below. a. The BOT Project The construction of the BOT Project started in December 2013 and completed in December 2015. By January 2017, the upgraded and expanded road has already been put into use, contributing to improving transport efficiency and reducing traffic safety risks and land/soil subsidence. The National Highway 19 (NH19) has a total length of 243km, starting at the Quy Nhon Port (Quy Nhon City, Binh Dinh Province) and ending at the Le Thanh border gate (Gia Lai Province). The road segment in Gia Lai Province is 169.5 km long and the one in Binh Dinh is 70.5 km long. The BOT project provides rehabilitation for 55.7 km of the NH19, of which 33.1km running through Binh Dinh province and 22.6 km running through Gia Lai province. The upgraded road would have two lanes for motorbikes and two lanes for four-wheel vehicles. The proposed upgraded road would be from 9 to 15m wide with 173 culverts, 2 toll gates and 11 bridges. The BOT project has been completed and in its operation phase. The route passes 12 communes/wards of Binh Dinh and Gia Lai provinces. (1) (3) (2) After the construction, the road was widened with two separated motorbike lanes along the two roadsides, and road surface is in good condition (1). The roadside slopes were reshaped and the horizontal and vertical drainage ditches were constructed (2). The stepped concrete embankment was constructed to stabilize the areas where landslide used to be often occurred at km 108th (3). One rest stop is provided in (4) the area that is opposite the constructed embankment (4) 229 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Photos of the National Way 19 after the road rehabilitation The NH19 route under the BOT project runs mainly through agriculture land, forestry land, residential land, road surface and abandon land. Population density is at moderate level and people‟s main jobs are associated with agriculture and small trading. There are some physical and Spiritual Cultures (PCRs) along the route such as Huynh Kim Church (at Km16+800, Nhon Hoa ward), Khuat Tam Church (at Km23+700 of Nhon Tho commune), Dieu Quang Pagoda (at Km23+800 in Nhon Tho commune), and Châu Khê Parish (at Km130+600). Most of the baseline environmental quality parameters (ambient air, vibration, surface water, groundwater and sediment) in the BOT project area meet the acceptable limits21. Some parameters such as noise level was above the acceptable limits at some locations such as a close vicinity to NH19, at intersection between NH1 and the railway; total suspended solids in surface water in Gia Lai exceeds the acceptable standards from 1.1-1.45 times; Coliform and BOD5 in springs and rivers in Binh Dinh province are 1.2 to 1.8 times above the standard; and COD exceeds the standards from 1.06 to 1.5 times. There are no known biologically or economically The NH19 before being valuable species exist in the project area. rehabilitated. The Project acquired permanently about 11.9 ha of agriculture land (garden, cash crop land), 6.0ha of residential land and 4.7ha of other land (road side land and abandon land). There were 264 households affected due to land acquisition of which 25 households were relocated (14 households in Gia Lai and 11 households in Binh Dinh). The project had to relocate 20 electrical poles, 33,251m of telecommunication cable and carried out clearance for mines and unexploded ordnances (UXOs) left from the war. To manage the potential impacts in the pre-construction stage, the BOT project has prepapred a resettlement plan which was complied with the Vietnamese regulations. The total amount for compensation, support and resettlement was VND 166.090 billions (among which VND76.705 billions were allocated to Binh Dinh and VND89.385 billions were allocated to Gia Lai province). The amount spent for UXOs clearance was VND15,000,000,000. 25 households were resettled on-situ. Land acquisition and compensation and resettlement were completed prior to the project‟s construction stage. The potential environmental impacts during construction stage specified in the EIA include: (i) dust and exhaust gases from site clearance, road base leveling and backfilling and vehicle transportation of construction materials; (ii) noise and vibration from soil compacting and leveling activities; (iii) waste generation, comprising of 175kg solid waste daily from the worker camp, 39,073m3 excavated soil and 11,453 m3 of soils mixed with bentonite and bentonite clay that need to be disposed; (iv) 119litres/month of waste oil; (v) Generation of 19.6 m3 domestic wastewater and 5,588 m3 construction wastewater; (vi) potential natural soil erosion and soil erosion due to heavy rain; (vii) localized flooding; (vii) damages to the 21Environmental Quality Standards used to compare with the environmental baseline sampling results are: Ambient Air Quality, QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT; Vibration, QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT; noise, QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT; Surface Water, QCVN 08- MT:2015/BTNMT (column B1); Sediments, QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT; Groundwater,QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT, Soil Quality, QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT. 230 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment existing infrastructure and disrupt associated services such as traffic, drainage, electricity supply …. (viii) Disturb traffic and increase traffic safety risks; (ix) soil erosion, land slide, siltation and blockage of water flow during bridge construction, backfilling road base; (x) incident risks to the community and workers during construction phase; and (xi) social security and social disturbance issues. The main ecosystems in the project area is agriculture ecosystem in most sections, and the road segment running through Mang Yang Pass (Km109-Km113) has planted forest ecosystem. The project area is not a habitat of any known vulnerable, threatened or endangered species. The distance from the project to the nearest natural forest is 3km, therefore the potential impacts and risks to ecosystem and nature habitats aresmall. However during the construction phase, there is a bush fire risk, soil/embankment erosion at Mang Yang Pass area. Most of the general environmental and social impacts during construction phase are localized, short-term, at low to moderate level, and manageable through the commonly practiced mitigation measures such as watering to reduce dust, requesting the contractors to use low emission machineries including trucks and maintain regularly; placing warning signs and fence at the site, assigning persons to regulate traffic; minimizing vehicle movement at peak hours in the morning and afternoon at sections passing residential areas; washing trucks before leaving the site; employing local labors and providing adequate accommodation with clean water sanitation facilities at worker camps; provide protective gears to the workers such as clothes, hats, masks, gloves, towels, first aid kits; providing garbage bins and contracting with environmental service contractors for collecting and transporting the waste to the disposal sites that are agreed by local authorities at Son Trieu landfill (An Nhơn township), Binh Nghi landfill (Tay Son district), Tay Giang landfill (Tay Son district); storing hazardous waste separately and treat according to MONRE‟s regulations specified at the Circular No.36/2015/TT-BNTMT about hazardous waste management; the temporary storage of waste should be at least 20m from the water source; not constructing bridges in rainy and flooding season; collecting domestic wastewater done under contracts with Environmental Service Companies in Binh Dinh and Gia Lai; reusing of demolition materials; having filter tank and small ditch to channel the wastewater from construction site for further treatment; constructing embankment, strengthening the embankment or using stone baskets to make revetment to prevent erosion. The social impacts are managed through the following measures: Register with local authorities about temporary residency for the workers, minimizing the disturbed areas, not using land outside the boundary of the construction site without the agreement from the community and local authority, having in place the workers‟ code of conduct such as prohibition of gambling, drinking, drug abuse, fighting or any activities that may affects local security; and providing training on HIV/AIDS. The ESIA also identified site-specific mitigation measures for some project sites. At the section running through Mang Yang Pass, the contractor will work with the local authority and Forest Guards to do an inventory of trees within the project area and minimize tree cutting; In order to prevent and early detect forest fire risks during the construction phase, the Contractor will set up a fire lookout station at the height of 30-35 m at Km 109-Km112 of Mang Yang Pass to watch out and alert for bush fire during the construction. The station will guarded 24h/24h, equipped with communication tools and forest fire fighting kits such as water pump, fire hose, fire nozzles to cease the fire when detected. Other potential environmental and social impacts during the road‟s operational phase are considered, including: i) Dust and exhaust gases, ii) noise and vibration, iii) river bed erosion 231 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment due to new bridge pier installation, iii) traffic safety issues. To mitigate these impacts, the measures proposed includes placing speed limit warning signs, regular maintenance of road surface, tree planting as segregation line, upgrading road surface, reducing friction with asphalt layering, periodic road washing, collecting waste on the road maintenance of drainage system, interceptor, filter tanks to ensure the water drainage capacity. An environmental monitoring and supervision plan to ensure environmental compliance during the construction phase and the first 1-2 years was approved. The scope of environmental monitoring and supervision includes monitoring the implementation of mitigation measures by the contractors, monitoring of waste and wastewater, monitoring the quality of ambient air, surface water, ground water and soil. An environmental monitoring consulting company would conduct the work. The Ministry of Transport plays the role of the state management for the environment. The Project Management Unit 5, BOT Project Investment Owner will deliver environmental report on every 3 months to MOT, DONRE of Binh Dinh and Gia Lai. The budget allocated fro environmental monitoring and supervision is VND3.95 billions. During the preparation of the EIA report, the project has consulted with People‟s Committees of 12 communes/ wards, including Nhon Hoa ward, Nhon Tho, Nhon Tan communes of An Nhon town, Binh Dinh Province; Binh Nghi commune, Tay Xuan, Binh Tuong, Tay Giang, Tay Thuan communes of Tay Son district, Binh Dinh Province; Ham Tam commune of Dac Po district, Gia Lai Province, H‟Ra commune, Dăk Taley, Đăk Yă communes of Mang Yang district, Gia Lai Province and the local communities. The CPCs requested that the Project owner coordinate with the local authority during the land acquisition and site clearance process and fully comply with the commitments made in the EIA report. During the project implementation, the periodical environmental sampling results showed that the air quality indicators are within the acceptable limits set in QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT; dust and noise at some locations exceed the limits due to the ongoing construction activities. Surface water quality indicators met the QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT-B1 except for Coliform. Groundwater quality are within the acceptable standards of QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT. All heavy metal indicators (As, Cu, Pb,Zn) are under the standards set in QCVN 03- MT:2015/BTNMT. Regular environmental monitoring is fully conducted. The contractor implemented the project‟s committed measures for environmental protection, labor safety, traffic safety, social security order however there are still some issues to be considered, as follows: (1) construction of road base emits large amount of dust, (2) some site locations are not managed properly, causing impacts to living and production activities of people along road sides, (3) some construction locations are not having a lane separated by pillars and lines for people traversing. However the contractors have promptly undertaken correction actions after comments are received. There are no serious environmental incidents, labor accident or complains received during construction phase. The last supervision mission showed that when the project completed the dust, noise and vibration impacts have been significantly reduced due to the road quality has been improved. In conclusion, the EIA of the BOT Project complies with the Vietnamese regulation and compatible with the World Bank Safeguard Policies. b. Environmental Impact Assessment for the BOT Additional Financing Project By January 2017, the BOT additional financing project has not started the construction work. 232 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment The proposed additional financing project would upgrade 18 km of the NH19 passing Gia Lai province (Đăk Pơ towns, Ha Tam commune, An Thanh commune of Đăk Pơ district) from Km90 to Km108, expanded five existing bridges (An Cu, Ca Tung, Luc Kuc, Xa Huong and Ha Tam bridge) and upgraded three junctions along the route. The rehabilitated road will be class III- road in plain area having 2 lanes for motorbykes and two lanes for four wheel vehicles. The road is 12 m wide with drainage and NH19 before being upgraded lighting system, side protection and traffic safety. under the additional financing The existing road section of the additional financing project project has been degraded and damaged significantly (especially at section Km96-Km107), making difficult for traffic movements. People reside densely at the section between Km90-94. The ending point of the additional financing project is at Km108, connected to the section upgraded under the parent BOT Project. The land to be acquired under the AF project includes agriculture land, residential land, bare land and water drainage ditches. There are no biosphere reserves, national parks or nature reserve in the project area. The Kon Ka Kinh National Park is located 20 km to the West of the Project areas, in A Yun commune, Mang Yang district. The Bac An Khe watershed protected forest with mostly pine trees and eucalyptus trees (for MDF timber production) and a young natural forest (regerminated after being burnt for cultivation) are located more than 5km from the project area. The valuable natural forest is 5-10 km far from the road. The road passes 5 main water bodies at the locations of 5 bridges along the route. Most of baseline environmental parameters are within allowable limits except for the TSS of surface water at Luc Kuc bridge area. There are no known biological or economical valuable species in the project area. The project woud acquire 2.58 ha of residential land, 4.34 ha of cash crop land, 2.58ha of industrial cropland, 0.6 ha of pond/lake, 4.24 ha of paddy rice land and 1.1 ha of fruit garden. There are 4 households of Ha Tam commune to be resettled and 9 households whose small shops and business would be affected due to land acquisition. In addition, the project will have to relocate 25 electrical poles, 4 telecommunication poles and 1,190 m cable. The project has to conduct landmines and UXOs clearance. Similarly to the BOT parent project, this project has developed an overall site clearance plan and a resettlement plan according to the requirements of Vietnamese regulations with total budget for compensation, support and resettlement is VND24.718 billions and budget for mine clearance is VND 10,000,000,000. Partial affected households are resettled on site and the relocated households will resettle in the available residential area of Ha Tam commune or they can receive the compensation in cash and self arrange their new homes. The project will reconstruct the electricity poles, communication pole, return the water supply pipes, test the new setting operation and request the service providers switch to the new installations. The key potential environmental impacts during construction phase identified in the EIA are similar with those in the EIA of the BOT parent project. The differences among the two are in terms of waste generation volumes, including 53 kg of solid waste from worker camp, 34,601 m3 of dredging organic soil materials, 77l waste oil/month, 11m3 of wastewater from 233 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment machinery maintenance, 8m3/day of domestic wastewater, and soil erosion risk. The EIA of the additional financing project proposed the mitigation measures similar to those proposed in the EIA of the parent project in order to mitigate the identified potential social and environmental impacts and risks. The differences are in the disposal site at Km86+550, and the requirement that the sites for temporary gathering of construction materials and waste must be at least 100 m from any sensitive receptors including residential clusters along the route; The bridge construction work should not be implemented during flooding season. The key potential social and environmental impacts during the road operation phase are considered, including: i) dust and exhaust gases, ii) noise and vibration, iii) fragmenting agriculture land, of which the use of machineries in small and fragmented agricultural land could be difficult; iv) traffic safety issues and soil erosion risks. To mitigate these impacts, the measures proposed includes placement of speed limit warning signs, regular maintenance of road surface, tree planting as segregation line, upgrading road surface, reducing friction with asphalt layering, periodic road washing, collecting waste on the road, maintenance of drainage system, interceptor, filter tanks to ensure the water drainage capacity. To mitigate the land fragmentation impact, the project will also acquire and compensate for the pieces of remaining land which is too small for cultivation. An environmental monitoring and supervision plan to ensure environmental compliance during the construction phase and the first 1-2 years was proposed similarly to the plan of the parent project however the environment supervising work will be conducted by the construction supervisor in every 3 months. Environmental monitoring and supervision report would be submitted every 3 months to MOT and Gia Lai DONRE. The budget allocated for environmental monitoring and supervision is VND375 millions. During the operation, the monitoring for river bank erosion, road base subsidence will be conducted one every 6 months in 2 years. During the preparation of the EIA report, the project has consulted with the People‟s Committees of three communes and towns, including Dak Po town, Ha Tam commune, An Thanh commune, and with the local communities. The CPC requested that the Project owner to coordinate with the local authorities during the land acquisition and site clearance process and fully comply with the commitments made in the EIA report. In conclusion, the EIA of the BOT Additional Financing Project complies with the Vietnamese regulations and compatible with the World Bank Safeguard Policies. 234 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment DUE DILLIGENCE REVIEW OF BORROW PITS AND QUARRIES I. Quarries 1.1 Hieu Ngoc Quarry – Hieu Ngoc General Construction Limited Liability Company Mr. Toan: Quarry Manager; Telephone: 0962358782 No. Main content Detailed description Address: Tay Xuan Commune, Tay Son Rural District, Binh Dinh Province Access road from National Road 19 to Phuc An Industrial Complex Exploiting unit: Hieu Ngoc General Construction Limited Liability Company Operation start: Year 2013, exploitation time 19 years Total exploitation area: 4,5 ha 1 General information Exploitation output: 40,000 m3/year Usable reserves: 680,600 m3 Licenses issued by the State: Exploitation permit No. 63/GP-UBND dated 9december 2013 Explotation technology: Remove surface level, - Drilling and exploding - Power shoveling - Transport of blasted stone to crushing and screening station - Classification of finished stone - Customer’s means of transportation. Dust: Generated from activities such as drilling and blasting, power shoveling, transport and processing. Noise: Generated from the operation of crushing and screening assembly and transport means. Blasting safety: Dust, noise, shocks, fly rock prevention Occupational safety: Accidents may happen due to failed Main environmental issue compliance with technical processes, occupational safety. 2 Distance to the residential area: minimum 150m. Greenery: Adequate planting of greenery at the site. Solid waste: Generated from the stripping of overburden material. Domestic waste: Generated from daily activities of workers and staffs. Main machinery/ Quantity and type: 01 crushing and screening station, 04 excavators, equipment 02 wheel loaders and 04 trucks. Dust: - Installation of 2 water spray nozzles, 2 pump with 5 Hp motor, crushing and screening station and construction of 1 water well. - Planting acacia trees at the processing site - Investment in 1 small trucks to spray water for prevention of dust along the transport road. Blasting safety: The blasting is done by a functional unit namely Corporation for Measures for controlling Economic Defense Engineering Industry. 3 the pollution - Use of explosives permitted for use and circulation. - Blasting according to the current most advanced method of non- electric differential blasting. Occupational safety: - Rules of occupational safety must be posted in office. - Safety protective tools must be fully equipped, such as: Protective clothes, helmet, gloves, gauze mask, - Workers operating directly any construction machine must be trained for proper practices, especially in case of any trouble. They 235 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment be must always present at their working location to operate, check and run the machine properly according to the technical requirements. Solid waste: A dumping site of around 1,500 m2 must be arranged for storing waste soil arisen from the stripping of overburden material. Domestic waste: Installation of 3 dumpsters of 100 liters each to store daily domestic waste disposed by workers and staffs, which will be transported to the landfill of Tay Son rural district –Binh Dinh Provincefor disposal. Environmental supervision: Periodically in every 6 month, Center for Monitoring of Natural Resources and Environment (Binh Dinh province) survey and supervise the quality of the environment in the quarry and make a report for submitting to the Binh Dinh province Department of Natural Resources and Environment and the People’s Committee of Tay Son rural district for monitoring. Quantity: 200 liters waste oil for engine, gearbox and lubrication/year (Code: 17 02 03). 4 Hazardous waste Waste collection unit: Reuse to lubricate the gear system the crushing and screening station. Term of deposit: 19years Amount: VND 5,262,080,000, annual deposit before 31 January Schedule/responsibility for implementation: According to the Deposit to the 5 scheme of environmental improvement and reinstatement from the environmental fund investment project in exploiting - processing construction stone in Hieu Ngoc quarry approved by Decision No. 2559/QĐ-UBND of Binh Dinh province People’s Committee dated 13 September 2013. Corporation for Economic Defense Engineering Industry is hired to carry out the blasting with the process of blasting as follows: Method of watching/noticing the community: - Install signs to warn the boundaries of blasting area - Announce the signal of blasting: Red flag, whistle + Erect a red flag at a top peak: Start loading explosive 6 Rock blasting + Order to prepare the blasting: 3 whistles + Order to blast: 2 long whistles + Announcement about no more blasting: 1 long whistle - Time of blasting: + Morning from 11:00 AM - 01:30 PM + Afternoon from 04: 00 PM - 05:30 PM 7 Photo Quarry Area for accommodation huts of workers and gathering machineries and equipments. Number of workers: 12 persons Quantity/costs of occupational protection: Occupational protective 8 Labor force clothes: 30 sets, labor protective shoes: 30 pairs, Fabric cap: 30 pieces, plastic helmet with screw stopper: 15 pieces, Canvas gloves: 236 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 30 pairs, gauze mask: 30 pieces, Glasses: 15 pairs, Welding shield: 5 pieces, Noise protective capsules and plugs: 12 sets Periodical overall health check: Once a year at Center for medical of Tay Son rural district, Binh Dinh province Periodical training in occupational safety: Twice a year. Trainer: Department of Occupational Safety and Sanitation of the Company. Facilities: Toilet fully built. 1.2 Gia Hai quarry - Gia Hai Private Enterprise Mr. Tuan Quarry Manager; Telephone: 0972 041 999 No. Main content Detailed description General Address: Ngo May ward, An Khe town, Binh Dinh province information Approach road from National Road 19 to An Khe town landfill. Exploiting unit: Gia Hai Private Enterprise Operation start: In 2012 and extension in 2015 with the term of production of 13 years Total exploitation area: 0.9 ha Exploitation output: 20,000 m3/year 1 Usable reserves: 249,687 m3 Licenses issued by the State: Exploitation license No. 197/GP-UBND dated 7 April 2015 Process mining technology: Stripping of overburden material - Drilling and blasting - Power shoveling - Transport of blasted stone to crushing and screening station - Classification of finished stone - Customer’s means of transportation. Main Dust: Generated from activities such as drilling and blasting, power environmental shoveling, transport and processing. Use of 01 water tank truck to spray water 2 issue for reducing dust. Noise: Generated from the operation of crushing and screening assembly and transport means. Blasting safety: Dust, noise, shocks, fly rock prevention Occupational safety: Accidents may happen due to failed compliance with technical processes, occupational safety. Distance to the residential area: minimum 500m Greenery: Adequate planting of greenery at the site. Solid waste: Generated from the stripping of overburden material. Domestic waste: Generated from daily activities of workers and staffs. Main machinery/ Quantity and type: 03 air-drills, 01 crushing and screening station, 02 water equipment pumps, 03 excavators and 02 trucks, Huyndai brand. Measures for Dust: controlling the - Installation of 1 water spray nozzle, 02 water pumps and construction of 1 pollution water well. Blasting safety: The blasting work is done by a functional unit namely Tay Nguyen Mining Chemical Company 3 - Use of explosives permitted for use and circulation. - Blasting according to the current most advanced method of non-electric differential blasting. Occupational safety: - Rules of occupational safety must be posted in office. - Safety protective tools must be fully equipped, such as: Protective clothes, helmet, gloves, gauze mask, Noise protective capsules and plugs... 237 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Workers operating directly any construction machine must be trained for proper practices, especially in case of any trouble. They be must always present at their working location to operate, check and run the machine properly according to the technical requirements. Solid waste: A dumping site of around 2,000 m2 within the precinct of the quarry must be arranged for storing waste soil arisen from the stripping of overburden material. Domestic waste: Installation of 2 dumpsters of 150 liters each to store daily domestic waste disposed by workers and staffs, which will be transported to the landfill of An Khe town. Due to its size, the quarry of Gia Hai Private Enterprise is exempted from making a report on environmental impacts and thus the monitoring of the environment is not carried out. Hazardous waste Quantity: 250 liters waste oil for engine, gearbox and lubrication/year (Code: 17 02 03). 4 Waste collection unit: Reuse to lubricate the gear system the crushing and screening station. Deposit to the Term of deposit: 13 years environmental Amount: VND 98,700,000 fund Schedule/responsibility for implementation: According to the Commitment to 5 protect the environment of the project to exploit 20,000m3 of construction stone that was approved by the Chairman of An Khe town People’s Committee in the announcement No. 326/TB-UBND dated 27 October 2014. Gia Hai Private Enterprise hires Tay Nguyen Mining Chemical Company to carry out the blasting through the process of ensuring the safety of blasting as follows. Method of watching/noticing the community: - Install signs to warn the boundaries of blasting area - Announce the signal of blasting: Red flag, whistle 6 Rock blasting + Erect a red flag at a top peak: Start loading explosive + Order to prepare the blasting: 3 whistles + Order to blast: 2 long whistles + Announcement about no more blasting: 1 long whistle - Time of blasting: + Morning from 11:00 AM - 01:30 PM + Afternoon from 04: 00 PM - 05:30 PM 7 Photo Crushing area of the quarry Area for accommodation huts of workers and gathering machineries and equipments. Labor force Number of workers: 10 persons Quantity/costs of occupational protection: Occupational protective clothes: 20 sets, labor protective shoes: 20 pairs, Fabric cap: 20 pieces, plastic helmet 8 with screw stopper: 10 pieces, Canvas gloves: 20 pairs, gauze mask: 30 pieces, Glasses: 10 pairs, Welding shield: 5 pieces, Noise protective capsules and plugs: 10 sets Periodical overall health check: Twice a year at General Hospital of An Khe 238 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment town, Gia Lai province Periodical training in occupational safety: Once a year. Trainer: Department of Occupational Safety and Sanitation of the Enterprise. Facilities: Toilet fully built. 1.3 Trang Duc Quarry - Trang Duc One-member LLC Mr. Hao: Engineer at the quarry; Telephone 0977 390 552 No. Main content Detailed description Address: H’ra commune and Đăk Ta Ley commune, Mang Yang rural district, Gia Lai province. Approach road from the National Road No. 19: Adjacent to the National Road No. 19 at Km118+800. Exploiting unit: Trang Duc One-member LLC Operation start: Year 2014, exploitation time 9.5 years Total exploitation area: 3.62 ha General 1 Exploitation output: 60,000 m3/year information Usable reserves: 539,954 m3 Licenses issued by the State: Exploitation license No. 345/GP-UBND dated 18 June 2014 Process mining technology: Stripping of overburden material - Drilling and blasting - Power shoveling - Transport of blasted stone to crushing and screening station - Classification of finished stone - Customer’s means of transportation. Dust: Generated from activities such as drilling and blasting, power shoveling, transport and processing. Use of 01 water tank truck to spray water for reducing dust. Noise: Generated from the operation of crushing and screening assembly and transport means. Main Blasting safety: Dust, noise, shocks, fly rock prevention environmental Occupational safety: Accidents may happen due to failed compliance with 2 issue technical processes, occupational safety. Distance to the residential area: minimum 150m. Greenery: Adequate planting of greenery at the site. Solid waste: Generated from the stripping of overburden material. Domestic waste: Generated from daily activities of workers and staffs. Main machinery/ Quantity and type: 01 bucket loader, 01 truck, 01 excavator, 03 drill equipment machines, 02 water pumps and 01 stone crusher. Dust: - Installation of 3 water spray nozzles, 2 pumps with 5 Hp motor, crushing and screening station and construction of 1 water well. - Planting acacia trees at the processing site - Investment in 1 small trucks with 3 m3 water tank (self-made tank truck) to spray water for prevention of dust along the transport road. Blasting safety: Measures for The blasting is done by a functional unit namely Tay Nguyen Mining 3 controlling the Chemical Company. pollution - Use of explosives permitted for use and circulation. - Blasting according to the current most advanced method of non-electric differential blasting. Occupational safety: - Rules of occupational safety must be posted in office. - Safety protective tools must be fully equipped, such as: Protective clothes, helmet, gloves, gauze mask, 239 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Workers operating directly any construction machine must be trained for proper practices, especially in case of any trouble. They be must always present at their working location to operate, check and run the machine properly according to the technical requirements. Solid waste: 1 dumping site of about 3,000 m2 for storing waste soil from stripping of overburden material. Domestic waste: Installation of 4 dumpsters of 100 liters each, to store daily domestic waste disposed by workers and staffs, which will be transported to the garbage collection area of the quarry. Environmental supervision: Periodically, Gia Lai Environmental Monitoring Center is hired to survey and supervise the quality of the environment in the quarry on quarterly basis and make a report for submitting to the Gia Lai province Department of Natural Resources and Environment and the People’s Committee of Mang Yang rural district for monitoring. Quantity: 200 liters waste oil for engine, gearbox and lubrication/year (Code: 17 02 03). 4 Hazardous waste Waste collection unit: Reuse to lubricate the gear system the crushing and screening station. Term of deposit: 9.5 years Amount: VND 410,455,854, annual deposit before 31 January Deposit to the Schedule/responsibility for implementation: According to the scheme of 5 environmental environmental improvement and reinstatement from the project of investment fund in exploiting - processing construction stone in approved by the People’s Committee Chairman of Gia Lai province in the Decision No. 1029/GP- UBND dated 12 November 2014 of Gia Lai province People’s Committee. Trang Duc One-member LLC hires Tay Nguyen Mining Chemical Company to carry out the blasting through the process of ensuring the safety of blasting as follows. Method of watching/noticing the community: - Install signs to warn the boundaries of blasting area - Announce the signal of blasting: Red flag, whistle 6 Rock blasting + Erect a red flag at a top peak: Start loading explosive + Order to prepare the blasting: 3 whistles + Order to blast: 2 long whistles + Announcement about no more blasting: 1 long whistle - Time of blasting: + Morning from 11:00 AM - 01:30 PM + Afternoon from 04: 00 PM - 05:30 PM 7 Photo Crushing area of the quarry Area for accommodation huts of workers and gathering machineries and equipments. Number of workers: 15 persons Quantity/costs of occupational protection: Occupational protective clothes: 30 sets, labor protective shoes: 30 pairs, Fabric cap: 30 pieces, plastic helmet 8 Labor force with screw stopper: 15 pieces, Canvas gloves: 30 pairs, gauze mask: 40 pieces, Glasses: 15 pairs, Welding shield: 5 pieces, Noise protective capsules and plugs: 15 sets 240 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Periodical overall health check: 1 time/year at Hoang Anh Gia Lai Medicine and Pharmacy University Hospital, Pleiku City, Gia Lai province Periodical training in occupational safety: Twice a year. Trainer: Department of Occupational Safety and Sanitation of the Company. Facilities: Toilet fully built. 1.4 Tan Vinh Phat Quarry - Tan Vinh Phat Trade LLC Ms. Thuy: Accountant; Telephone: 0976685749 No. Main content Detailed description Address: Ia Nan commune, Duc Co rural district, Gia Lai province. Approach road from the National Road No. 19: Adjacent to the National Road No. 19 at Km238+600. Exploiting unit: Tan Vinh Phat Trade LLC Operation start: Year 2012, exploitation time 10 years Total exploitation area: 1.4 ha General Exploitation output: 46,000 m3/year 1 information Usable reserves: 280,000 m3 Licenses issued by the State: Decision No. 50/QD-UBND dated 19 January 2015 of Gia Lai province People’s Committee. Process mining technology: Stripping of overburden material - Drilling and blasting - Power shoveling - Transport of blasted stone to crushing and screening station - Classification of finished stone - Customer’s means of transportation. Dust: Generated from activities such as drilling and blasting, power shoveling, transport and processing. Noise: Generated from the operation of crushing and screening assembly and transport means. Main Blasting safety: Dust, noise, shocks, fly rock prevention environmental Occupational safety: Accidents may happen due to failed compliance with 2 issue technical processes, occupational safety. Distance to the residential area: minimum 1km Greenery: In the surroundings of the quarry Solid waste: Generated from the stripping of overburden material. Domestic waste: Generated from daily activities of workers and staffs. Main machinery/ Quantity and type: 01 bucket loader, 03 truck, 02 excavator, 03 drill equipment machines, 03 water pumps and 01 stone crusher. Dust: - Installation of 1 water spray nozzle, 3 pumps with 5 Hp motor, crushing and screening station and excavation of a pond of 500m2 for water supply. - Planting acacia trees at the processing site - Investment in 1 small truck with 5 m3 water tank (self-made tank truck) to spray water for prevention of dust along the transport road. Blasting safety: Measures for License of blasting No. 596/GP-UBND dated 30 July 2014 issued by the 3 controlling the People’s Committee of Gia Lai Province pollution - Use of explosives permitted for use and circulation. - Blasting according to the current most advanced method of non-electric differential blasting. Occupational safety: - Rules of occupational safety must be posted in office. - Safety protective tools must be fully equipped, such as: Protective clothes, helmet, gloves, gauze mask, - Workers operating directly any construction machine must be trained for 241 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment proper practices, especially in case of any trouble. They be must always present at their working location to operate, check and run the machine properly according to the technical requirements. Solid waste: A dumping site of around 1,000 m2 must be arranged for storing waste soil arisen from the stripping of overburden material. Domestic waste: Installation of 2 dumpsters of 100 liters each, to store daily domestic waste disposed by workers and staffs, which will be transported to the garbage collection area of the quarry. Environmental supervision: Periodically, every 06 months, the Gia Lai Environmental Monitoring Center surveys and supervises the quality of the environment in the quarry and submits a report to Gia Lai province Department of Natural Resources and Environment and the People’s Committee of Duc Co rural district for monitoring. Quantity: 200 liters waste oil for engine, gearbox and lubrication/year (Code: 17 02 03). 4 Hazardous waste Waste collection unit: Reuse to lubricate the gear system the crushing and screening station. Term of deposit: 10 years Amount: VND 1,436,430,192, annual deposit before 31 January Schedule/responsibility for implementation: According to the scheme of Deposit to the environmental improvement and reinstatement, from the investment project in 5 environmental exploiting construction stone at Ia Nan, Duc Co rural district, Gia Lai fund province, approved by the People’s Committee Chairman of Gia Lai province in the Decision No. 304/GP-UBND dated 09 April 2012 of Gia Lai province People’s Committee. Tan Vinh Phat Trade LLC implement the blasting by itself according to the License of blasting No. 596/GP-UBND dated 30 July 2014 with the process ensuring the safety for the blasting, as follows. Method of watching/noticing the community: - Install signs to warn the boundaries of blasting area - Announce the signal of blasting: Red flag, whistle 6 Rock blasting + Erect a red flag at a top peak: Start loading explosive + Order to prepare the blasting: 3 whistles + Order to blast: 2 long whistles + Announcement about no more blasting: 1 long whistle - Time of blasting: + Morning from 11:00 AM - 01:30 PM + Afternoon from 04: 00 PM - 05:30 PM 7 Photo Crushing area of the quarry Area for accommodation huts and gathering machineries of the quarry Number of workers: 15 persons Quantity/costs of occupational protection: Occupational protective clothes: 30 sets, labor protective shoes: 30 pairs, Fabric cap: 30 pieces, plastic helmet 8 Labor force with screw stopper: 15 pieces, Canvas gloves: 30 pairs, gauze mask: 40 pieces, Glasses: 15 pairs, Welding shield: 5 pieces, Noise protective capsules and plugs: 15 sets 242 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Periodical overall health check: Once a year at General Hospital of Duc Co rural district, Gia Lai province Periodical training in occupational safety: Twice a year. Trainer: Department of Occupational Safety and Sanitation of the Company. Facilities: Toilet fully built. Conclusions: Quarries under production and anticipated to supply stone to the project comply with the regulations of Vietnamese laws on the exploitation of mineral products, establishment of environmental dossier and implementation of means to minimize the environmental impacts according to the contents proposed in the report. At the same time, the Company which owns the sand pit has made a deposit to the environmental improvement fund according to the legal regulations. Above is the assessment on the compliance with the issues concerning the environment and health safety of quarries. During the implementation of the project, for using other mines of material, it is needed to carry out the additional evaluation of the compliance with the issues concerning the environment and health safety of those quarries II. Sand Pits 1. Hieu Ngoc Sand Pit – Hieu Ngoc General Construction LLC Mr. Toan: Quarry Manager; Telephone: 0962358782 No. Main content Detailed description Address: Phu Phong township, Tay Son Rural District, Binh Dinh Province Approach road from National Road 19 to Con river in Phu Phong township. Exploiting unit: Hieu Ngoc General Construction Limited Liability Company Operation start: Year 2016, exploitation time 10 years Total exploitation area: 5. ha General 1 Exploitation output: 1,500 m3/year information Usable reserves: 115,500 m3 Licenses issued by the State: Exploitation license No. 09/GP-UBND dated 28February 2016 Process mining technology: Stripping of overburden material - Surface sand exploitation - Customers’ means of transport. Dust: Generated from activities such as drilling and blasting, power shoveling, transport and processing. Main Noise: Generated from the operation of bucket loader and water pump. environmental Distance to the residential area: minimum 300m. 2 issue Solid waste: Generated from the stripping of overburden material and non- standard sand. Domestic waste: Generated from daily activities of workers. Main machinery/ Type: 02 excavators, 02 diesel operated water pumps, 02 trucks, 01 electric equipment operated water pum Dust: - 01 diesel operated water pump. Occupational safety: Measures for - Rules of occupational safety must be posted in office. 3 controlling the - Safety protective tools must be fully equipped, such as: Protective clothes, pollution helmet, gloves, gauze mask,... - Workers operating directly any construction machine must be trained for proper practices, especially in case of any trouble. They be must always present at their working location to operate, check and run the machine 243 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment properly according to the technical requirements. Solid waste: 1 dumping site of about 2,000 m2 for storing waste soil from stripping of overburden material. Domestic waste: Installation of 2 dumpsters of 200 liters each to store daily domestic waste disposed by workers and staffs, which will be transported to the landfill of the commune. River bank erosion: Prevention of river bank erosion at the exploitation site by dropping rock gabions laced together and driving piles along the river bank on both sides Quantity: 150 liters waste oil for engine, gearbox and lubrication/year (Code: 17 02 03). 4 Hazardous waste Waste collection unit: Reuse to lubricate the gear system the crushing and screening station. Term of deposit: 10 years Amount: VND 219,906,000, annual deposit before 31 January Deposit to the Schedule/responsibility for implementation: According to the scheme of 5 environmental environmental improvement and reinstatement from the investment project in fund exploiting - processing construction stone in Hieu Ngoc quarry approved by Decision No. 300/QĐ-UBND of Binh Dinh province People’s Committee dated 18 December 2016. 6 Photo Area of sand exploitation Sand area Number of workers: 8 persons Quantity/costs of occupational protection: Occupational protective clothes: 20 sets, labor protective shoes: 20 pairs, Fabric cap: 20 pieces, plastic helmet with screw stopper: 20 pieces, Canvas gloves: 20 pairs, gauze mask: 20 pieces, Glasses: 15 pairs. 7 Labor force Periodical overall health check: Once a year at Center for chemical of Tay Son rural district. Periodical training in occupational safety: Twice a year. Trainer: Department of Occupational Safety and Sanitation of the Company. Facilities: Toilet fully built. 2. Trang Duc Sand pit - Trang Duc One-member LLC Ms. Tien: Sand pit Manager and accountant; Telephone 01227496673 No. Main content Detailed description Address: Ayun commune and Đăk Jơ Ta commune, Mang Yang rural district, Gia Lai province. Approach road from National Road 19 at mile post Km129 to about 7 km ahead. General 1 Exploiting unit: Trang Duc One-member LLC information Operation start: Year 2014, exploitation time 7.5 years Total exploitation area: 5.7 ha Exploitation output: 15,000 m3/year Usable reserves: 104,880 m3 244 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Licenses issued by the State: Exploitation license No. 690/GP-UBND dated 01 December 2014 Process mining technology: Stripping of overburden material - Surface sand exploitation - Customers’ means of transport. Dust: Generated from the shoveling and transportation of sand Noise: Generated from the operation of bucket loader and water pump Occupational safety: Accidents may happen due to failed compliance with Main technical processes, occupational safety. environmental Distance to the residential area: minimum 500m 2 issue Solid waste: Generated from the stripping of overburden material and non- standard sand. Domestic waste: Generated from daily activities of workers. Main machinery/ Type: 02 excavators, 02 diesel operated water pumps, 03 trucks, 01 electric equipment operated water pump Dust: - 01 diesel operated water pump. Occupational safety: - Rules of occupational safety must be posted in office. - Safety protective tools must be fully equipped, such as: Protective clothes, helmet, gloves, gauze mask,... - Workers operating directly any construction machine must be trained for proper practices, especially in case of any trouble. They be must always Measures for present at their working location to operate, check and run the machine 3 controlling the properly according to the technical requirements. pollution Solid waste: 1 dumping site of about 3,000 m2 for storing waste soil from stripping of overburden material. Domestic waste: Installation of 2 dumpsters of 100 liters each to store daily domestic waste disposed by workers and staffs, which will be transported to the landfill of the commune. River bank erosion: Prevention of river bank erosion at the exploitation site by dropping rock gabions laced together and driving piles along the river bank on both sides Quantity: 100 liters waste oil for engine, gearbox and lubrication/year (Code: 17 02 03). 4 Hazardous waste Waste collection unit: Reuse for lubrication and selling to a collector of waste oil. Term of deposit: 7.5 years Amount: VND 210,958,575, annual deposit before 31 January Schedule/responsibility for implementation: According to the scheme of Deposit to the environmental improvement and reinstatement, from the investment project in 5 environmental exploiting construction sand at Ayun commune and Đăk Jơ Ta commune, fund which was approved by the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Gia Lai province in the Decision No. 114/QD-STNMT dated 20 November, 2014. 6 Photo Area of sand exploitation and Existing conditions of the road for gathering transport 245 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Number of workers: 10 persons Quantity/costs of occupational protection: Occupational protective clothes: 20 sets, labor protective shoes: 20 pairs, Fabric cap: 20 pieces, plastic helmet with screw stopper: 10 pieces, Canvas gloves: 20 pairs 7 Labor force Periodical overall health check: Once a year at Hoang Anh Gia Lai Medicine and Pharmacy University Hospital, Pleiku City, Gia Lai province Periodical training in occupational safety: Once a year. Trainer: Department of Occupational Safety and Sanitation of the Company. Facilities: Temporary toilets built in the mining area. Conclusions: Sand pits under production and anticipated to supply sand to the project comply with the regulations of Vietnamese laws on the exploitation of mineral products, establishment of environmental dossier and implementation of means to minimize the environmental impacts according to the contents proposed in the report. At the same time, the Company which owns the sand pit has made a deposit to the environmental improvement fund according to the legal regulations. However, as the level of the exploitation size is only subject to the commitment of environmental protection, the project owner is not obliged to carry out any periodical survey of the environment. Above is the assessment on the compliance with the issues concerning the environment and health safety of sand pits. During the implementation of the project, for using other mines of material, it is needed to carry out the additional evaluation of the compliance with the issues concerning the environment and health safety of those sand pits. 246 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ANNEX 2- PHOTOS of COMMUNITY CONSULTATION Interviewing an ethnic minority community Consultation meeting in the local communities Consultation meeting in an affected Consultation meeting in commune people‟s househould committee Home visit at affected househoulds with local Interviewing a female head household officials 247 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ANNEX 3-SAMPLING LOCATIONS BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE 248 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 249 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ANNEX 4 –DRAFT TERMS OF REFERENCES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION General In order to prevent harm and nuisances on local communities, and to minimize the impacts on the environment during the rehabilitation, upgradation, construction and operation of the National Highway No.19 under the Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project (CHCIP), the following documents have been prepared which should be adhered to by all Contractors and his employees: - The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) which include the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), and the type-specific and site specific measures. - The mitigation measures included in project design and bill of quantities; - The Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) and the Ethnic Minority Development Plan for the Project Objective of the Assignment The Consultant is to provide professional technical services (“the Services”) to help ensure effective implementation of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) during the construction phase of CHCIP In order to achieve the goal of minimizing the negative environmental impacts of the Project, the ESMP has been integrated into the feasibility study and will be incorporated into engineering design of the National Highway (NH19), particularly the city bypasses, the technical specifications and contract documents. It will need to be closely followed and implemented by the contractors. The implementation of the ESMP will therefore involve four parties: - The Environmental Officer (EO) appointed directly by the TSPMU. - The Contractor‟s Site Environmental Officer (SEO) responsible for implementing the ESMP and other construction related environmental, health and safety issues. - The Environmental Supervisors (ESs, part the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) team) who are responsible for: i) Review and approve, on behalf of TSPMU, the Site Environmental and Social Management Plan (SESMP) prepared by the Contractors; ii) Carry out due dilligence review of borrow pits, quarries and other sites that have not been covered under the ESIA preared at project preparation stage (April 2017); iii) providing training for the contractor‟s workers, CSC team and TSPMU Officers on environmental, Health and Safety, particularly awareness raising on HIV/AiDs. Providing training for the affected communities living along the bypasses and near the four new intersections about traffic safety; iv) supervising and monitoring all construction activities for ensuring that contractors comply with the requirements of the contracts and the ESMP; v) carry out periodical environmental sampling and monitoring program in accordance with the Project‟s ESMP, prepare periodical monitoring reports for submission to TSPMU and DONRE/MONRE, and to the WB as and when required; - An Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC), who monitor the Project‟s Environmental Compliance and provide initial training for the TSPMU and CSC Team on project environmental issues and requirements. The organizational structure for the supervision of environmental issues during the construction of CHCIP is presented below 250 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Organizational Structure for Environmental Management of Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Traffic Safety Project Management Unit (TSPMU) Environmental Officer (EO) Construction Supervision Consultants (CSC – Environment Supervisors (ESs) Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) Package 1 Package 2 SEO - Lot 3 SEO - Lot 2 SEO - Lot 1 SEO - Lot 2 SEO - Lot 3 SEO - Lot 1 Report flow Advice/Monitoring/Supervision This Terms of Reference is for the Environmental Supervisors (ESs) to be part of the Construction Supervision Consultants (CSC). Scope of Services The general services to be provided by the Environmental Supervisors (ESs) are to review, approve relevant project documents; provide training for project personnels including the contractor‟s workers, the Engineers in the CSC teams, affected communities and TSPMU Officers on environmental, health and safety and traffic safety issues; carry out environmental due dilligence review of project sites not coverd by the Project ESMP; inspect and monitor the construction activities22 to ensure that mitigation measures proposed in the approved ESMP are properly implemented, and that the negative environmental impacts of the project are minimized; carry out environmental monitoring program and prepare periodical reports for submission to TSPMU, DONRE/MONRE and the WB. The Scope of Services shall include, but not limited to the tasks described in detail below. As part of the CSC, the ESs area expected to perform the following duties: Task 1: Review of Project Document. 22 The term „construction activities‟ in this TOR pertains to all aspects related to the Cental Highland Connectivity Iprovement Project (CHCIP) during the construction phase including, but not limited to, all construction sites, permanent and temporary camps, off-site activities (disposal sites, borrow pits), all associated facilities (crushing plants, asphalt plants, maintenance yards), access roads, traffic and disturbances (dust, noise) in local roads, and areas of impact away from the project site. The ESIA and ESMP of the project contain a full description of these activities. 251 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment The CSC/ESs shall review the ESIA, ESMP, RAP, project designs and technical specifications and confirm in writing that there have been no major omissions of mitigation measures. If any issues are identified, the ESs shall propose to the EO/TSPMU updates to the ESMP and the design and technical specifications to address these issues. Once approved, the ESs shall update the ESMP. The SES shall provide the final review and recommend clearance of the Site-Specific Environmental and Social Mangement Plan (SESMP) prepared by the conractors for each bid package. SESMP shall cover all site plans which may affect the environment. These include, but are not limited to: borrow pit and disposal sites plans, worker‟s camp plans. Where these plans are found not to comply with the ESMP, ESIA or RAP, the SES shall work with the CSC and Contractor to establish a suitable solution. Note that the SESMP must be submitted to the CEC/ES at least two weeks before construction commencement. In cases where the contractors are required to prepare Health and Safety plan, the the SES shall provide the final review and recommend clearance of all Contractors‟ Safety Plans. The Safett Plans shall include procedures such as management of explosions, safety during construction, the prevention of slope slide/ soil erosion during the rainfall season, etc. The ES/CSC shall review the Independent Monitoring Report (IMR) prepared by the Independent Monitoring Consutant, and follow up with issues raised in the IMR to ensure that additional mitigation measures or corrective actions are implemented adequately in a timely manner. The ESs will inspect, monitor and carry out environmental review of all road and bridge contracts packages and lots. The ESs shall have extensive knowledge and experience in environmental and social monitoring and supervision, objective, and can provide professional advice to the client on the environmental performance of the Project. The ESs team leader shall be familiar with the Project works through review of the relevant reports, including the ESIA, ESMP as well as project technical specifications and contract documents. Task 2: Provide/arrange Training. While some environmental training mainly on the project issues, requirements and procedures will be provided by the Independent Monitoring Consultant (IMR) for TSPMU, CSC including the ES, and the Contractors site Engineers, the ESs in the CSC team are expected to provide the types of trainings listed below, some of the training can be outsourced under the arrangements of the CSC team if CSC team does not have enough expertise in certain areas: - Compulsory training on environmental mitigation requirements and measures, health and safety issues for CSC engineers, all contractor‟s workers within two weeks since construction commencement of each bid package; Particularly: - SEMP: The CSC should be trained on requirements of the SEMP, the agreed environmental monitoring checklist, the environmental monitoring form, how non-compliance with the SEMP will be handled, and all other key issues shall be covered. Particular attention will be paid to the specific provisions in each contract‟s technical specifications indicating how the SEMP is to be complied with; - Health and Safety: The health and safety requirements of the project shall be clearly identified and communicated with the Contractors and EO. - Compulsory training on HIV/AIDs awareness raising for all contractor‟s w orkers, CSC team, TSPMU. This training should be provided to all CSC engineeres and TSPMU within two weeks since mobilisation of the CSCs, and within four weeks since mobilisation of workers of each bid packages to the sites; - Compulsory training on traffic safety for the residents of all communes living along the An Khe and Pleiku bypasses and nearby four new intersections; This training must be provided at least six month and refresed within two weeks before the opening of the new bypasses and intersections. Task 3: Carry out Due Dilligece Review. 252 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment During construction phase, new locations of borrow pits, quarries, disposal sites, camps etc. may be identified. The ES of the CSC team will coordinate with TSPMU to carry out due dilligence review of these sites that have not been considered under the project‟s approved ESIA. Due diligence review should include social, environmental, health and safety, compliance and monitoring. The resule of due diligence review must be documented and filed at TSPMU Office. Task 4. Carry out Compliance Monitoring and Supervision. The ES shall carry out daily and periodical monitorig and inspection all the construction activities23 to ensure that mitigation measures proposed in the approved ESMP are properly implemented, and that the negative environmental impacts of the project are minimized: Environmental Supervision Checklist: The ES shall establish a comprehensive checklist which will be used during the construction of the project to monitor the contractor‟s performance. This shall cover major aspects of the project, required mitigation/control measures and their implementation schedule. Log-Book: The ESs shall keep a log-book of each and every circumstance or change of circumstances which may affect the environmental impact assessment and non-compliance with the recommendations made by the ESs to remediate the non-compliance. The log-book shall be kept readily available for inspection by all persons assisting in the supervision of the implementation of the recommendations of the ESIA and Contract. The IEMC shall verify the log-book as part of his environmental audit. On behalf of the EO and the Chief Supervision Consultant, the SES will supervise construction activities: - Review, and inspect in an independent, objective and professional manner in all aspects of the implementation of the SEMP; - Carry out random monitoring checks, and review on records prepared by the Contractor‟s SEO; - Conduct regular site inspections; - Review the status of implementation of environmental protection measures against the SEMP and SESMP and contract documents; - Review the effectiveness of environmental mitigation measures and project environmental performance; - As needed, review the environmental acceptability of the construction methodology (both temporary and permanent works), relevant design plans and submissions. Where necessary, the SES shall seek and recommend the least environmental impact alternative in consultation with the designer, the Contractor(s), and TSPMU; - Verify the investigation results of any non-compliance of the environmental quality performance and the effectiveness of corrective measures; and - Provide regular feedback to EO and CSC according to the procedures of non-compliance in the ESMP and SESMP; - Provide training programs at minimum six monthly intervals and every time there are new workers or new Contractors coming into the site, including CSC and TSPMU staff, to appraise them of issues identified and how to improve environmental compliance; - Instruct the Contractor(s) to take remedial actions within a specified timeframe, and carry out additional monitoring, if required, according to the contractual requirements and procedures in the event of non-compliances or complaints; 23 The term „construction activities‟ in this TOR pertains to all aspects related to the Cental Highland Connectivity Iprovement Project (CHCIP) during the construction phase including, but not limited to, all construction sites, permanent and temporary camps, off-site activities (disposal sites, borrow pits), all associated facilities (crushing plants, asphalt plants, maintenance yards), access roads, traffic and disturbances (dust, noise) in local roads, and areas of impact away from the project site. The ESIA and ESMP of the project contain a full description of these activities. 253 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Instruct the Contractor(s) to take actions to reduce impacts and follow the required SEMP procedures in case of non-compliance / discrepancies identified; - Instruct the Contractor(s) to stop activities which generate adverse impacts, and/or when the Contractor(s) fails to implement the SEMP requirements / remedial actions instructed by the SES or the IEMC. Task 5. Environmental monitoring and periodical reports preparation. The ES team will carry out periodical enviornmental quality sampling and monitoring in accordance with the ESMP. Sampling should be carried out at quantity, time, frequency, locations etc. as specified in the ESMP. The ES will also prepare Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Report (QEMR) which includes both Environmental monitoring and compliance supervision Environ for submission to TSPMU, DONRE/MONRE, and to the WB as and when required. The SES shall ensure compliance with the requirements of the health and safety clauses in the contract documents. This shall include, but not be limited to: (i) construction activities; (ii) HIV/AIDS education campaign; (iii) compliance with Vietnam‟s labor laws; and (iv) road traffic safety. Some Instructions Site Inspections: The ES shall closely audit the construction activities through regular site inspections accomplished through daily site visits, walks and visual inspections to identify areas of potential environmental problems and concerns. The area of inspection should cover both the construction areas and the environment outside the site area that could be affected, directly or indirectly, by the contractor‟s activities as noted in footnote under Task 4. Inspections should be done independently from the Contractor‟s staff. It is expected that the ES shall have their own hand held and portable monitoring equipment such as cameras, transport and other resources. Where definitive monitoring is necessary to resolve contentious issues or to impose penalties, the ES may contract third parties to carry out specific monitoring at the locations under review. Where there is infringement of technical specifications, or condition of contracts, or non compliance with the EMP, the ES shall be immediately inform Contractor‟s Chief Engineer, Supervision Chief Engineer and EO. The ES shall also report all infringements to the PMU as part of the monthly reporting. Regular joint environmental site inspections (e.g. weekly) should be organized by the ES and CSC, with participation from the Contractor‟s Site Environmental Officer (SEO). These should be used as an opportunity for the ES to further train the CSC and Contractor‟s staff. ES field engineer‟s log-book shall be kept readily available for inspection by all persons assisting in project management, including the Independent Monitoring consultant The ES shall also regularly review the records of the contractors to ensure that they are up to date, factual and meet the ESMP reporting requirements (e.g. environmental complaint monitoring records). Complaints: Complaints will be received by the Contractor‟s Site Office from local residents with regard to environmental infractions such as noise, dust, traffic safety, etc. The Contractor‟s Chief Engineer or his deputy, and the SEO shall be responsible for processing, addressing or reaching solutions for complaints brought to them. The ES shall be provided with a copy of these complaints and shall confirm that they are properly addressed by the Contractors in the same manner as incidents identified during site inspections. Unforeseen Impacts: In the event that an incident arises which was not foreseen in the ESMP or ESIA, the SES shall work closely with the CSC, the Contractors, and the EO to confirm satisfactory resolution 254 Central Highland Connectivity Improvement Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment to the incident. The ES shall then update the ESMP and the implementation guidelines, training the Contractors‟ staff accordingly. Monthly Payments: The ES shall confirm the monthly payments for environmentally related activities as recommended by the ES to the client. Site Restoration and Landscaping: The ES shall closely monitor all activities with regard to site restoration and landscaping in areas such as borrow pits, quarries, camps, crushing plants, etc. to ensure that the activities are done to an appropriate and acceptable standard. The ES will agree with the Contractor on a Site Decommissioning and Restoration plan to be implemented before the completion of the construction of the access road and bridges. Project Initiation and Staffing: It is anticipated that the CSCs and the ESs will be mobilized one month before the start of the construction activities. The one month start up time will be utilized by the ES to review and familiarize itself with the project, the project design, the technical specifications, contract documents, the ESIA, ESMP, RAP and EMDP reports and other project relevant documents and reports. Following the review, the SES will prepare a brief report on the potential issues and challenges arising from the implementation of the ESMP and the condition of contracts and make recommendations to the PMU about how best to improve the implementation of the ESMP. The ES is expected to be mobilized at the beginning of the contract, to prepare the necessary guidelines, documentation, training, etc. Reporting: As a minimum the ES shall prepare the following written reports: - Weekly report of non-compliance issues - Summary monthly report covering key issues and findings from reviewing and supervision activities - Consolidated summary report from contractor‟s monthly report - Quarterly Environmental Monitoring and Supervision Report - The ES shall also collect and report on data as requested by the TSPMU. At the end of the project the SES shall prepare a final report summarizing the key findings from their work, the number of infringements, resolutions, etc. as well as advice and guidance for how such assignments should be conducted in the future. During the course of the project the SES shall provide briefings as requested by the TSPMU, environmental agencies, the World Bank, MONRE/DONRE, and TSPMU on the project progress, incidents, and other issues associated with environmental management and supervision. As a minimum these are expected to be at six-monthly intervals 255