Hyderabad Electric Supplv CompanY J4 E* Q-j; El 503 I 1- VOL. 8 HESCO 6th STG Project Environmental and Social Assessment Volume - of 2- Main Report Ref.: FRT07VO3HES July 2007 LAN tlan Partners (Pvt.) Ltd. Suite 4, 1st Floor, 20-B Blair Center, G-8 Markaz, Islamabad Tel.: +92 (51) 225 3696-97 * Fax: +92 (51) 225 3698 * Email: mail@elan.com.pk Report disclaimer: Elan Partners has prepared this document in accordance with the instructions of Hyderabad Electric Supply Company (HESCO) for its sole and specific use. Any other persons, companies, or institutions who use any information contained herein do so at their own risk. HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Executive Summary The Hyderabad Electric Supply Company (HESCO) is planning to undertake the 6th Secondary Transmission and Grid (STG) project in various parts of its territory. HESCO is seeking financing from the World Bank (WB) for this 5-year project. In line with the prevailing legislation in the country and WB safeguard policies, an environmental and social assessment (ESA) of the project has been carried out. This document presents the report of this assessment. Study Methodology The present study was conducted using a standard methodology prescribed by national and intemational agencies. Various phases of the study included screening, scoping, data collection and compilation, stakeholder consultation, impact assessment, and report compilation. Legislative Framework The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (PEPA 1997) requires the proponents of every development project in the country to conduct an environmental assessment and submit its report to the relevant environmental protection agency. In addition, the World Bank Operational Policy 4.01 (OP 4.01) requires that environmental and social assessment be carried out before commencing projects such as the 6'h STG. The OP 4.12 specifies the procedure that needs to be followed to address the involuntary resettlement the project would cause. The present ESA has been carried out in response to the above-mentioned Act and WB safeguard policies. Project Overview The overall objective of the HESCO's 6th STG project is to help increase the efficiency, reliability, and quality of its electricity supply. The project seeks to decrease technical as well as commercial losses, increase electricity availability, and improve the voltage profile within the HESCO's electricity network. In its total span of five years, the 6th STG project envisages establishment of fifteen new grid stations, in addition to converting seven, augmenting nineteen, rehabilitating 216, and extending another ten of the existing grid stations. The project also includes laying of 451 km of new and rehabilitation of 2,980 km of existing transmission lines. The present ESA addresses the project components that will be undertaken during the Year 2006-07. These include the establishment of four new grid stations, in addition to the extension of one and conversion of four grid stations. A total of about 111 km of new transmission lines will also be added to the existing HESCO system during this period. iii July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S00 Executive Summary HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Description of the Environment The project area lies in the Lower Indus Plain, which essentially forms the western extension of Indo-Gangetic Plain. The Indus Plain has been made up of the silt brought by the Indus and its numerous tributaries, such as Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej on the east bank, and Kabul, Kurram, Tochi, and others on the west bank. The Indus Plain is known for its agricultural fertility and cultural development throughout history. Topographically, Sindh can be divided into four distinct parts with the dry and barren Kirthar Range in the west, a central alluvial plain bisected by the Indus River, a desert belt in the east, and the Indus delta in the south. The entire project area is located in the central alluvial plain on either sides of the Indus River. The agriculture is by far the main economic activity in the project area, which lies within the Indus Basin Irrigation system - one of the most extensive canal irrigation systems in the world. The groundwater extraction augments the canal water for irrigation in the area. Ecologically, the project area was once part of the thorn forest ecozone. However, urban centers, villages and agriculture activities have greatly modified this ecozone in most parts of the project area. Whatever wild species now found in the area are essentially those which have adapted to the modified conditions and presence of human beings. Administratively, the project area falls under various districts of Sindh. These include Jacobabad, Shikarpur, Larkana, Sanghar, Hyderabad, Mirpur Khas, Badin and Thatta. Stakeholder Consultation Stakeholder consultations were carried out as part of the ESA study. These consultations were conducted with the institutional as well as the grassroots stakeholders. It was ensured that the rural women were also included during these consultations. The main objectives of the consultations were to: apprise the stakeholders about the proposed project activities; obtain their views, concems and recommendations; and address/incorporate them in the project design - thus enhancing the environmental and social performance of the project. Impact Assessment and Mitigation During the present ESA, the project's potential social and environmental impacts were identified. Each identified impact was then characterized with respect to its nature, reversibility, geo-extent, consequence-severity and likelihood. Based upon this characterization, the impacts were then assessed to be of high, medium or low significance. The ESA revealed that most of the impacts of the proposed project would be confined to the construction phase and temporary in nature. Appropriate control and housekeeping measures - recommended in the ESA - would address these issues adequately. The environmental and social monitoring would ensure compliance to and effectiveness of these control measures. The key social issues identified and assessed as described above included land procurement, damaged crops and safety hazards. The ESA has recommended that the a=&N iv July 2007 FRT07VO3H ES-S00 Executive Summary HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report land for the grid stations should be acquired in accordance with the Land Acquisition Act of 1894, on the basis of willing seller - willing buyer, mutually agreed prices and the owner having the option to refuse selling the land. The project will acquire a total of about 16 acres of land in this manner. To mitigate the damaged crops - caused by the transmission line construction activities - the ESA has recommended payment of compensation to the landowners/cultivators. The ESA has estimated that crops would be damaged over a total of about 793 acres of land belonging to about 400 landowners/cultivators. The associated compensation amount has been estimated to be about Rs. 6.9 million. Finally, to address the safety concems associated with the construction activities, and the electrocution risk, precautionary measures have been included in the ESA. The key environmental impacts of the proposed project as identified in the ESA included soil erosion and degradation and water contamination. The soil erosion would be caused by the grid station and transmission line construction activities, particularly in the hilly terrain of the project area. These concerns will be addressed through appropriate siting, design and construction techniques employed during the proposed project. The soil and water contamination could be caused by the inappropriate waste disposal and leakage/spillage of oils and chemicals. These concerns will be forestalled through waste disposal system recommended in the ESA. The total cost of the environmental and social management of the project, including implementing the mitigation measures has been estimated to be about Rs. 13.8 million. This includes the crop compensation of about Rs. 6.9 million mentioned earlier. Environmental and Social Management Plan An environmental and social management plan (ESMP) has been developed to provide an implementation mechanism for the mitigation measures identified during the ESA. The ESMP provides the organization structure for the environmental and social management system during the project, and defines the roles and responsibilities of various players. The ESMP includes a mitigation plan, a monitoring plan, the communication and documentation requirements, and training needs, in the context of the environmental and social management of the project. Findings and Recommendations On the basis of the overall impact assessment and, more specifically, the nature and magnitude of the residual environmental and socioeconomic impacts identified during the present ESA, it is concluded that the proposed project is unlikely to cause any significant, lasting impact on the social, physical and biological environment of the area, provided that the proposed activities are carried out as mentioned in this report, and the mitigation measures included in this report are completely and effectively implemented. The key recommendations pertaining to the environmental and social performance of the proposed project are as follows: * The ESA and ESMP should be included in the project tender documents. The ESMP should be included in the construction contracts, so that the mitigation measures become a contractual binding over the contractors. A v July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S00 Executive Summary HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report * HESCO should follow the Resettlement Plan (RP) for acquiring land for the project, and to compensate the project affected persons (PAPs). * HESCO should acquire in-house environmental management capacity. For this purpose, an Environment and Social Cell should be established with in the Company. Initially, at least one each of environmental and socioeconomic experts should be part of the Cell. * The Company should develop a comprehensive program to eliminate the PCB- containing transformer oil from its entire system. To start with, the grid stations and workshops should be provided with the PCB testing kits. The present status of soil contamination in the grid stations, warehouses and workshops should also be determined through site investigations. * HESCO should develop its Environmental and Social Policy, which should demonstrate the Company's commitment towards sound environmental management practices throughout its operations. The Company should adhere to the environmental legislation and regulations, particularly for conducting environmental and social assessments for all its future projects. e- vi July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-SOO HESCO 6' STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Acronyms AJK Azad Jammu and Kashmir Amsl Above mean sea level BHU Basic Health Unit BOD Biological oxygen demand CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species COD Chemical oxygen demand Cusecs Cubic feet per second DC Deputy Commissioner DCO District Coordination Officer DISCO Distribution Company DO Dissolved oxygen ECA Employment of Child Act EDO Executive District Officer EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EPA Environmental Protection Agency ESA Environmental and Social Assessment ESG Environmental and Social Guidelines ESI Environmental and Social Inspector ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan ESO Environmental and Social Officer ESR Environmental and Social Report FESCO Faisalabad Electric Supply Company GDP Gross Domestic Product GENCO Generating Company GEPCO Gujranwala Electric Power Company GIS Geographical information system GoP Government of Pakistan GRM Grievance Redressal Mechanism GSC Grid Station Construction (Department) GSO Grid Station Operation (Department) GS Grid Station GWh Gega watt hour Ha Hectare HDI Human Development Index HESCO Hyderabad Electric Supply Company HSE Health safety and environment HT High tension vii July 2007 FRT07V03HES-Soo Acronyms HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report IBIS Indus Basin Irrigation System ICT Islamabad Capital Territory IEE Initial Environmental Examination IESCO Islamabad Electric Supply Company IUCN Intemational Union for Conservation of Nature KESC Karachi Electric Supply Company KM Kilometer KV Kilo volts KWh Kilo watt hour LAA Land Acquisition Act (of 1894) LESCO Lahore Electric Supply Company LOS Laws of Seas LPG Liquefied petroleum gas LT Low tension MAF Million acre feet MARPOL Marine Pollution (Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) MEA Multilateral Environmental Agreements MEPCO Multan Electric Power Company MVA Mega volt amperes MW Mega watts M&E Monitoring and Evaluation NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards NGO Non Governmental Organization NOx Oxides of nitrogen NTDC National Transmission and Dispatch Company NTPS Natural (Gas) Thermal Power Station NWFP North Western Frontier Province OP Operational Policy O&M Operation and Maintenance PAPs Project affected persons PCB Poly Chlorinated Biphenyl PEPC Pakistan Encd Protection Council PESCO Peshawar Electric Supply Company PD Project Director PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Act PM Project Manager PM Particulate matter POP Persistent Organic Pollutants P&DD Planning and Development Department e viii July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S00 Acronyms HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report QESCO Quetta Electric Supply Company RH Relative humidity RHC Rural Health Center RP Resettlement Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SCARP Salinity Control and Rehabilitation Project SPDC Social Policy and Development Center STG Secondary transmission and grid TB Tuberculosis TDS Total dissolved solids ToR Terms of Reference XEN Executive Engineer UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency WAPDA Water and Power Development Authority WB World Bank WBG World Bank Group WWF World Wide Fund for Nature eawAN ix July 2007 FRTO7V03HES-S00 HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Contents VOLUME 1: MAIN REPORT Executive Summary ....................................... iii Acronyms ................................... ......... vii I Introduction ........................................1-1 1.1 Project Proponent .................................1-1 1.2 Project Background and Justification .................... 1-2 1.3 Project Overview ..................................1-2 1.4 ESA Study ...................................... 1-3 1.5 Document Structure ................................1-6 2 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework .............2-1 2.1 The World Bank Operational Policies ....................2-1 2.2 Laws and Regulations ..............................2-6 2.3 Obligations under International Treaties .................2-11 2.4 Institutional Setup for Environmental Management .........2-12 2.5 Environmental and Social Guidelines ...................2-13 3 Project Description .................................. 3-1 3.1 HESCO's Existing System ........................... 3-1 3.2 Project Objectives .................................3-2 3.3 Project Components ...............................3-2 3.4 Construction Activities ..............................3-9 3.5 Operation and Maintenance Activities ..................3-12 4 Description of the Environment ...................... 4-1 4.1 Physical Environment ..............................4-1 4.2 Biological Resources ............................ 4-8 4.3 Environmental Hotspots ......................... 4-11 4.4 Description of Grid Station Sites and Transmission Line Routes ........................................4-11 5 Description of the Socioeconomic Conditions ...........5-1 5.1 Administrative Setup ............................ 5-1 5.2 Socioeconomic Description ........................5-1 5.3 Sites of Archeological, Cultural, Historical or Religious Significance .....................................5-9 6 Analysis of Project Alternatives ......................6-1 6.1 Management Alternatives .........................6-1 AN x July 2007 FRTO7V03HES-SOO Contents HESCO 6 STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 6.2 Siting Alternatives ................................. 6-1 6.3 Technical Alternatives .............................. 6-3 7 Stakeholder Consultation ........................... 7-1 7.1 Objectives ....................................... 7-1 7.2 Participation Framework ............................. 7-1 7.3 Stakeholder Identification and Analysis .................. 7-1 7.4 Consultation Process ............................... 7-3 7.5 Consultations with Institutional Stakeholders .............. 7-3 7.6 Grass Root Stakeholders Consultations .................. 7-4 7.7 Summary of Concerns and Recommendations ............. 7-9 8 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation ................................... 8-1 8.1 Impact Assessment Process .......................... 8-1 8.2 Design Phase Considerations ......................... 8-3 8.3 Construction Phase Impacts .......................... 8-4 8.4 Operation Phase Impacts ........................... 8-11 9 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation .................. 9-1 9.1 Socioeconomic Impact Assessment Process .............. 9-1 9.2 Design Phase Considerations ......................... 9-1 9.3 Construction Phase Impacts .......................... 9-3 9.4 Operation Phase ................................. 9-12 10 Environmental and Social Management Plan ........... 10-1 10.1 Purpose and Objectives of ESMP ..................... 10-1 10.2 Components of the ESMP ........................... 10-1 10.3 Institutional Arrangements .......................... 10-2 10.4 Mitigation Plan ................................... 10-4 10.5 Monitoring Plan .................................. 10-4 10.6 Communication and Documentation .................... 10-6 10.7 Environmental and Social Trainings .................... 10-9 10.8 Change Management ............................. 10-10 10.9 Public Disclosure ................................ 10-11 10.10 Cost of Environmental and Social Management .......... 10-11 11 Conclusions and Recommendations ............................. 11-1 11.1 Conclusions .................................... 11-1 11.2 Recommendations ............................. 11-2 12 References and Document Support .................. 12-1 e- xi July 2007 FRT07V03HES-SOO Contents HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report VOLUME 2: APPENDICES Appendix A: ToR for ESA Appendix B: Study Team Appendix C: Photographs Appendix D: Wildlife Species of Project Area Appendix E: Field Data (Details of Stakeholder Consultations; Socioeconomic data; PAPs List) Appendix F: Health Effects of PCBs Appendix G Health Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation. e xii July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S00 HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibits Exhibit 1.1: Project Location ...................................... 1-8 Exhibit 1.2: Projection of Power Demand Growth - Pakistan ..... 1-10 Exhibit 1.3: Population, Income and Electricity Consumption - HESCO ..................... 1-10 Exhibit 1.4: Historical and Projected Electricity Demand- HESCO ................................. 1-10 Exhibit 2.1: Selected NEQS for Waste Effluents .......................... 2-14 Exhibit 2.2: NEQS for Industrial Gaseous Emissions ........ 2-15 Exhibit 2.3: NEQS for Motor Vehicles Exhaust and Noise .......... 2-16 Exhibit 2.4: WHO Ambient Air Quality Standards ........... 2-16 Exhibit 2.5: WHO Drinking Water Quality Standards .................. 2-17 Exhibit 3.1: HESCO's Technical Profile ....................................... 3-14 Exhibit 3.2: HESCO System ...................................... 3-15 Exhibit 3.3: Transmission Lines in HESCO's Area .......... 3-17 Exhibit 3.4: Grid Stations in HESCO's Area ................................. 3-21 Exhibit 3.5: Project Components ........................................ 3-23 Exhibit 3.6: Land to be Acquired for Project .............. 3-25 Exhibit 4.1: Land Use in Sindh ...................................... 4-17 Exhibit 4.2: Meteorological Data - Mean Monthly Maximum Temperatures ....................................... 4-17 Exhibit 4.3: Meteorological Data - Mean Monthly Minimum Temperatures ............................ 4-18 Exhibit 4.4: Meteorological Data - Precipitation ............ 4-18 Exhibit 4.5: Meteorological Data - Relative Humidity ................. 4-19 Exhibit 4.6: Ambient Air Quality in Urban Centers ...................... 4-19 Exhibit 4.7: Indus River and its Tributaries ............... 4-20 Exhibit 4.8: Key Facts about Indus River ..................................... 4-20 Exhibit 4.9: Water Flow in Indus River ................... 4-21 Exhibit 4.10: Water Quality in Project Area ................. 4-22 Exhibit 4.11: Water Quality at Project Sites ................. 4-23 AN xiii July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S00 Exhibits HESCO 6' STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 4.12: Wildlife Protected Areas in HESCO Area ........ 4-24 Exhibit 4.13: Bukhshapur Grid Station and its Feed - Schematic Diagram ........................ 4-26 Exhibit 4.14: Larkana-Ill Grid Station Site - Schematic Diagram ................................ 4-28 Exhibit 4.15: Chamber Grid Station Site - Schematic Diagram .... 4-30 Exhibit 4.16: Tando Bago Grid Station Site - Schematic Diagram ................................ 4-32 Exhibit 4.17: Feed for Larkana-lil Grid Station - Schematic Diagram ................................ 4-34 Exhibit 4.18: Feed for Chamber Grid Station - Schematic Diagram ................................ 4-38 Exhibit 4.19: Feed for Tando Bago Grid Station - Schematic Diagram ................................ 4-48 Exhibit 4.20: Feed for Matiari Grid Station - Schematic Diagram ................................ 4-51 Exhibit 4.21: Feed for Kandiari Grid Station - Schematic Diagram ................................ 4-53 Exhibit 4.22: Jacobabad - Humayun Transmission Line - Schematic Diagram ........................ 4-55 Exhibit 4.23: Samaro - Naukot Transmission Line - Schematic Diagram ........................ 4-63 Exhibit 5.1: Administrative Map of the Area ...............5-10 Exhibit 5.2: Districts in Project Area ....................5-12 Exhibit 5.3: Ranking of Districts by Human Development Index ..................................5-12 Exhibit 5.4: Literacy Ratio in the Project Districts by Gender 5-13 Exhibit 5.5: Literacy Ratio in Project Area ................5-13 Exhibit 5.6: Enrolment Ratio in Project Area ..............5-14 Exhibit 5.7: Educational Institutes in Project Area ..........5-14 Exhibit 5.8: Healthcare Facilities in Project Area ...........5-15 Exhibit 5.9: Agro-ecological Zones of Pakistan ............ 5-16 Exhibit 5.10: Characteristics of Agro-ecological Zones of Pakistan ................................ 5-17 Exhibit 5.11: Annual Production of Key Crops in Project Area .... 5-19 Exhibit 5.12: Irrigation Command Area ................... 5-20 Exhibit 5.13: Places of Archeological, Historical or Religious Significance Falling in Project Area Districts .......... 5-21 eA xiv July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-SOO Exhibits HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 7.1: Participation Framework .................... 7-10 Exhibit 7.2: Conceptual Framework ..................... 7-12 Exhibit 7.3: List of Participants during Grass Root Consultations ............................ 7-13 Exhibit 7.4: Summary of Communities' Concerns and Expectations ............................. 7-15 Exhibit 8.1: Impact Characterization .................... 8-14 Exhibit 8.2: Impact Assessment ....................... 8-15 Exhibit 8.3: Environmental and Social Screening Matrix (Unmitigated) ............................ 8-16 Exhibit 8.4: Environmental Impact Characterization for Project Design Phase (Unmitigated) ........... 8-18 Exhibit 8.5: Environmental Impact Characterization for Project Construction Phase (Unmitigated) ....... 8-19 Exhibit 8.6: Environmental Impact Characterization for Project Operation Phase (Unmitigated) ......... 8-20 Exhibit 8.7: Outline ToR for Developing PCB Elimination Plan ................................... 8-21 Exhibit 9.1: Social Screening Checklist .................. 9-16 Exhibit 9.2: Environmental and Social Screening Matrix (Unmitigated) ............................ 9-17 Exhibit 9.3: Impact Characterization for Project Design Phase (Unmitigated) ....................... 9-19 Exhibit 9.4: Characterization of Construction Phase Socioeconomic Impacts (Unmitigated) ......... 9-20 Exhibit 9.5: Summary of Compensation .................. 9-21 Exhibit 9.6: Entitlement Framework ..................... 9-22 Exhibit 9.7: Typical Tower Design Allowing Cultivation Underneath .............................. 9-24 Exhibit 9.8: Characterization of Operation Phase Socioeconomic Impacts (Unmitigated) ......... 9-25 Exhibit 10.1: Organizational Structure for Environmental and Social Management ....................... 10-12 Exhibit 10.2: Roles and Responsibilities ................. 10-14 Exhibit 10.3: Mitigation Plan .......................... 10-15 Exhibit 10.4: Effects Monitoring Plan for Construction Period.. 10-47 Exhibit 10.5: Grievance Redressal Mechanism ............. 10-49 v= xv July 2007 FRT07V03HES-SOO Exhibits HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 10.6: Environmental and Social Trainings ...................... 10-51 Exhibit 10.7: Cost of Environmental and Social Management ... 10-52 Exhibit 11.1: Summary of Concern Raised by Stakeholders and their Mitigation ........................ 11-4 Exhibit 11.2: Environmental Screening Matrix (Mitigated) ........... 11-5 xvi July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-SOO HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 1 Introduction The Hyderabad Electric Supply Company (HESCO) is planning to undertake the 6th Secondary Transmission and Grid (STG) project in various parts of its territory (see Exhibit 1.1 for HESCO territory and project location). HESCO is seeking finances from the World Bank (WB) for a portion of this 5-year project. In line with the prevailing legislation in the country and WB safeguard policies, an environmental and social assessment (ESA) of the project has been carried out. This document presents the report of this assessment. 1.1 Project Proponent HESCO is a public utility company, providing electricity to the entire Sindh province, except for Karachi and parts of the Thatta district. HESCO was incorporated in 1998 under the Companies Ordinance 1984. Before this, it was one of the eight Area Electricity Boards of the Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA). Established in 1958, WAPDA had two wings: Water and Power. The Water Wing was (and still is) responsible for developing and managing large water reservoirs and barrages, while its Power Wing was a vertically integrated utility, responsible for generation, transmission and distribution of electricity throughout Pakistan (except for the City of Karachi, where the Karachi Electric Supply Company - KESC - performs a similar function). Under its un-bundling and restructuring program, WAPDA's Power Wing has been broken down into eight distribution companies collectively called DISCOs, four generating companies collectively called GENCOs and a transmission company called National Transmission and Dispatch Company (NTDC). HESCO is one of the eight DISCOs; the other seven DISCOs are: * Peshawar Electric Supply Company (PESCO) - responsible for electricity distribution in the entire North Western Frontier Province (NWFP), northern parts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) and the Northern Areas. * Islamabad Electric Supply Company (IESCO) - carrying out electricity distribution in Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Jhelum, Chakwal and Attock districts. In addition, IESCO also supplies bulk electricity to the central and southern parts of AJK. * Gujranwala Electric Power Company (GEPCO), which distributes electricity in Gujranwala, Sialkot, Mandi Bahauddin, Hafizabad, Narowal and Gujrat districts. * Lahore Electric Supply Company (LESCO) - supplying electricity to Lahore, Kasur, Sheikhupura and Okara districts. * Faisalabad Electric Supply Company (FESCO) - responsible for electricity distribution in Faisalabad, Sargodha, Khushab, Jhang, Toba Tek Singh, Bhalwal, Mianwali and Bhakkar districts. eA 1 .July2007 FRT07VO3HES-SO1 Introduction HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report * Multan Electric Power Company (MEPCO), which distributes electricity in the southern districts of the Punjab province. * Quetta Electric Supply Company (QESCO) - supplying electricity to the entire Balochistan Province, except Lasbela, which is covered under the KESC network. Recently, TESCO - Tribal Areas Electric Supply Company - has also been established. 1.2 Project Background and Justification Pakistan as a whole is an energy-deficient country and per capita electricity generation has traditionally been low (581 KWh as against the World average of 2,657 KWhl). The electricity demand in the country has grown at a rapid pace since 1985. Consumption of electricity increased from 17,608 GWh in 1985 to 55,507 GWh in 2004, representing an annual average growth rate of 6.2%. The growth in the electricity demand has however been uneven over the years. The consumption grew at a rate of 11% during 1985-99, the growth rate slowed down to 6.9% during 1990-95 and 2.5% during 1996-2000. Since the year 2000 however, the trend has reversed and electricity demand has picked up, mirroring the overall economic growth in the country. During the period 2001-04, the electricity demand grew at a rate of 3.3% (NEPRA 2005). The electricity demand in the country is projected to grow at an annual compound growth rate of 7.9% during the period 2005-10, and increase from 15,500 MW in 2005 to 21,500 MW in 2010, as shown in Exhibit 1.2. This growth has been projected on the basis of increase both in population and per capita income; Exhibit 1.3 presents the linkage between the increasing population, per capita income and electricity consumption. Much like rest of the country, HESCO is also experiencing growth in the electricity demand, as shown in Exhibit 1.4. In order to meet this increasing demand, the existing secondary transmission and grid system (132 and 66 KV) has to be expanded, in addition to the increased generation and primary transmission (500 KV and 220 KV) capacity. Towards this end, HESCO, being responsible for the expansion, operation and maintenance of the secondary transmission and grid (STG) system within its territory, has developed the 6'h STG project. The project includes establishment of new grid stations, extension / conversion I augmentation of existing grid stations and laying of new transmission lines. The project will ensure supply of electricity in new areas, load reduction on presently overloaded grid stations and transmission lines, and improvement in the voltage profile as well as the system reliability. 1.3 Project Overview The overall objective of the 6'h STG project is to help increase the efficiency, reliability and quality of the electricity supply. The project seeks to decrease the technical as well Source: Medium Term Development Framework 2005-10, Government of Pakistan,2005. e- 1-2 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-SO1 Introduction HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report as commercial losses, increase the electricity availability, and improve the voltage profile, within the HESCO's electricity network. The 6th STG is a 5-year project, from 2006-7 to 20010-11 2, and has been broken down in five distinct year-wise phases. Each phase of the project consists of establishing new grid stations, extending/upgrading/augmenting existing grid stations, and laying transmission lines. The key components of these phases, as given in the Project Description Document (PDD), are tabulated below.3 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Total New Grid Stations 4 2 4 3 2 15 (GS) ....__ __ __ __ __ _ GS Conversion 4 1 0 0 2 7 GS Augmentation 4 1 4 6 4 19 GS Extension 4 16 13 14 9 4 56 Rehabilitation of 60 50 52 26 28 216 GS' New Transmission 111 170 130 27 13 451 Lines (ki) .... . . Rehabilitation of Transmission Lines 868 686 629 586 211 2,980 (km) 6 HESCO is seeking the WB financing for the first three years of the project. The present ESA addresses a portion of the STG components to be undertaken during year 2006-07 (see Section 1.4.3 for study scope). 1.4 ESA Study 1.4.1 Need of the Study The World Bank Operational Policy 4.01 (OP 4.01) states that 'The Bank requires environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for Bank financing to help ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus to improve decision making"7. The study also responds to OP 4.12 on involuntary resettlement, and provides the required mitigation measures through a Resettlement Plan (RP). In addition, the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (PEPA 1997)8 requires the proponents of every development project in the country to submit either an Initial 2 The original PC1 was prepared for the project duration from 2003-04 to 2007-08. 3 The original year-wise distribution of work within the total project duration as given in the PCi has subsequently been revised, based upon changing load demand and priorities. 4 Not included in the present ESA. 5 Not included in the present ESA. 6 Not included in the present ESA. 7 Excerpts from OP4.01 - Environmental Assessment. January, 1999. 8 Act No. XXXIV of 1997. The Gazette of Pakistan, Islamabad, December 6, 1997. eL _AN 1-3 July 2007 FRT07v03HES-S01 Introduction HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Environmental Examination (IEE) or 'where the project is likely to cause an adverse environmental effect," an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) to the concemed environmental protection agency (EPA). The IEE/EIA Regulations 2000 issued under the PEPA 1997 provide separate lists for the projects requiring lEE and EIA. 1.4.2 Study Objectives The objectives of the present ESA are to: * assess the existing environmental and socioeconomic conditions of the project area, • identify likely impacts of the proposed project on the natural and human environment of the area, to predict and evaluate these impacts, and determine significance of these impacts, in light of the technical and regulatory concerns, * propose appropriate mitigation measures that should be incorporated in the design of the project to minimize if not eliminate the adverse impacts, * assess the compliance status of the proposed activities with respect to the environmental legislation and WB's OPs, * develop an environmental and social management plan (ESMP) to provide an implementation mechanism for the mitigation measures identified during the study. 1.4.3 Study Scope The present ESA study covers the following components of the proposed 6'h STG project which will be carried out during the year 2006-07: * New grid stations: 4 (Larkana 1ll, Chamber, Bukhshapur and Tando Bago) * Grid station extension: 1 (Nooriabad) * Grid station conversion: 4 (Matiari, Kandiari, Samaro and Naukot) * Transmission lines: 111 km These components of the 6th STG project will be referred to as the 'proposed project' and the area where these components are located will be referred to as the 'project area' in this report. The study addresses the potential environmental and social impacts that may be encountered during the construction and operation phases of the proposed project, in accordance with the terms of reference (ToR) provided by HESCO for this purpose. (See Appendix A for the ToR of the ESA.) 1.4.4 Study Methodology The key steps that were followed while conducting the ESA are briefly described below. Scoping During this phase, key information on the project was collected and reviewed. A 'long list' of the potential environmental as well as social issues likely to arise as a result of the eL 14 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S01 Introduction HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report project was developed. The stakeholder analysis was also carried out for the consultation to be carried out subsequently. Stakeholder Consultation Stakeholder consultations were carried out during the ESA study. Meetings were held in Islamabad and Hyderabad with the institutional stakeholders and key environmental and social issues discussed. Extensive consultations with the grass root stakeholders were carried out at the project sites (grid station locations and transmission line routes). Efforts were made to solicit the concerns and views of rural women as well, and a female staff was part of the study team conducting the stakeholder consultations. While women were present in most of the consultations held, women-only consultations were conducted by the female staff. The main objective of the consultations was to apprise the key stakeholders about the project details, and to obtain their concems, apprehensions and recommendations regarding the proposed activities. Data Collection/Compilation During this phase, data was collected and compiled, in order to develop a baseline of the project area's physical, biological and human environment. For this purpose, both review of secondary sources and field data collection were carried out. Field visits to each of the new grid station sites, existing grid stations (which are to be extended/augmented/ upgraded) and transmission line routes were carried out. The secondary resources that were consulted included reports of the studies carried out earlier, published books and data, and relevant websites. With the help of these resources a generic profile of the entire project area was developed. In addition to the above, extensive field visits were carried out in order to collect the primary data specific to the project sites (grid station locations and transmission line routes). During these field visits, key information on environmental and social parameters was collected. During the primary data collection, environmental as well as social hot spots falling at or near the project sites were identified, and most importantly, the project affectees were determined. During the field investigations, detailed information was collected on the cultivated area falling under the transmission line routes, since damage to the crops would be the primary asset loss during the proposed project. Information was also collected on the owners/tenants of the cultivated land under the transmission lines. Impact Assessment During the impact assessment, the environmental, socioeconomic, and project information collected in previous steps was used to determine the potential impacts of the proposed project. Subsequent to this, the potential impacts were characterized in order to determine their significance. Mitigation measures were identified where required to minimize the significant environmental impacts. (Impact assessment methodology is further discussed in Chapter 8 of this document.) A management framework was also developed in the form of an ESMP for the implementation of the mitigation measures 1-5 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-501 Introduction HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report identified during the study. The social screening checklist, provided in the terms of reference (ToR), was also used as one of the tools to conduct the social impact assessment. The impact assessment has been carried out and the associated mitigation measures recommended on the basis of the surveyed transmission line routes and other project locations. Variations in the impacts and associated mitigation measures are expected if the project components are moved outside the surveyed corridor. 1.4.5 Environmental and Social Guidelines As described in Section 1.4.3 above, the present ESA study covers the project components to be carried out during the year 2006-07, which is the first year of the 3- year project slice for which the WB financing is being sought. For the project components to be carried out during the remainder of the 3-year slice (ie, 2007-08 and 2008-09), details such as grid station locations and transmission lines routes are not known, and hence a detailed ESA cannot be conducted for this portion of the project at this stage. In order to provide a broad framework to address the environmental as well as social aspects during this phase of the project (ie, 2007-08 and 2008-09), a set of environmental and social guidelines (ESG) has been prepared. The ESG is a stand-alone document and has been provided under separate cover. 1.4.6 Resettlement Plan Since the total number of the project affectees is expected to be more than 200, a Resettlement Plan (RP) has been developed, in accordance with the WB OP 4.12, in order to address the resettlement issues arising as a result of the project. The RP provides entitlement framework, compensation assessment and disbursement procedure, grievance redressal mechanism, monitoring requirements, resettlement budget and disclosure procedure for the proposed project. The RP is a stand alone document and has been provided under separate cover. 1.4.7 Study Team The ESA team consisted of environmental and socioeconomic experts having considerable experience in their respective field of expertise. The list of the experts is provided in Appendix B. 1.5 Document Structure Chapter 2 discusses the World Bank's safeguard policies, as well as the regulatory, legislative and institutional setup in the country, relevant to the environmental and social assessment. The Chapter also outlines the international environmental agreements to which the country is a party. Chapter 3 provides a simplified description of the proposed 6th STG project and its components. The environmental baseline conditions are A 1-6 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S01 Introduction HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report presented in Chapter 4, whereas the existing social and socioeconomic conditions of the project area are described in Chapter 5. The project alternatives are evaluated in Chapter 6. The stakeholder consultation has been covered in Chapter 7. The environmental impacts are assessed and their respective mitigations recommended in Chapters 8, whereas Chapter 9 details the social impacts of the project and the respective mitigation measures. Chapter 10 outlines the implementation mechanism for the mitigation measures, in the form of an environmental and social management plan. Finally, Chapter 11 presents the findings and conclusion of the study. 1-7 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S01 Introduction HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 1.1: Project Location (Please see the following page.) e,6AN 1-8 July 2007 FRTo7V03HES-Sol 62' 640 66" 68' 70 72' 74' 76' 78' Legend International Boundary CHINA Provincial Boundary 36 ;o District Boundary ra 36' Rivers HESCO Area r 34" 0 , 17 an 3rKash 34 8 "J K lT!1t {2 Karak ,.e ru 1. Naushahro Firoz 11. Swabi a 2. Jaffarabad 12. Mardan Lak ura 3. Pakpattan 13. Malakand 28°4. Lahore 14. Mohmand 32' 5. Bannu 15. Haripur 26'r a ai ' l32 6. Hangu 16. Islamabad wl7. Orakzai 17. Manisehra ku 8. Peshawar 18. Shangla 9. Nowshera 19. Lower Dir 9C ob10. Charsadda 30" a { Laa lai) KVRtdr -Lakn 23'00 39 132 KV Ratodero-Miro Khan 24.15 40 132 KV Larkana - Nasirabad 46.00 41 132 KV Mehar- Naseerabad 22.00 42 132 KV Mehar - Dadu | 52.00 43 132 KV Mehar - Fareedabad 44 1132 KV Dadu New - Dadu Old 3.00 45 l32 KV Bhan Saeedabad - Dadu 24.00 46 132 KV Bhan Saeedabad - Shalmani 97.00 47 l'32 KV Miro Khan - Shahdadkot 16.29 48 132 KV New Jamshoro - Qasimabad JMS-1 16.00 49 i132 KV New Jamshoro - Hala Road 14.00 50 132 KV New Jamshoro - Old Jamshoro JMS-3 3.50 51 132 KV New Jamshoro - Old Jamshoro JMS-4 3.50 52 132 KV New Jamshoro - Lakhra -I - Amri 63.00 53 1 32 KV New Jamshoro - Lakhra-ll I 25.65 54 1132 KV Buiri Shah Karim - Sujawal I 40.00 55 1132 KV Hala Road - N.T.P.S 13.00 56 1132 KV Hala Road - Tando Jam 36.00 57 1 32 KV Kotri Power House - Thatta (T-Off Jhampir) 110.00 58 132 KV Kotri Power House - Kotri Site 3.00 59 |132 KV Kotri Power House - Latifabad I 10.00 60 1 32 KV Kotri Power House - Gulshan-e-Shahbaz- II 3.00 61 132 KV Kotri Power House - Old Jamshoro 1 13.00 62 1132 KV Jhampir - Jherruk 6.00 63 |132 KV Hala - Sakrand 45.00 64 132 KV Hala - Hala Road 65.00 65 132 KV Hala - Shahdadpur 22.00 66 132 KV Old Jamshoro -Gulshan-e-Shahbaz 10.00 67 132 KV Old Jamshoro - Nooriabad - Kalu Kohar 65.00 68 132 KV Kalu Kohar - KDA-33 90.00 69 132 KV Kalu Kohar - Dada Bhoy Cement Factory | 12.00 70 132 KV Kalu Kohar - Thana Boola Khan 23.00 71 132 KV Kalu Kohar - Essa Cement Factory 3.50 72 132 KV Kazi Ahmed - Dadu I 75.00 73 132 KV Kazi Ahmed - Hala Road 145.00 74 132 KV Mirpur Khas - Mirwah Gorchani - Samaro 72.00 75 132 KV Mirpur Khas - Sanghar 62.50 76 132 KV Moro - Kandiaro 60.00 3-18 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S03 Project Description HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Description | Length (km) 77 132 KV Moro - Dadu 32.20 78 132 KV Moro - New Jatoi 16.00 79 132 KV Nawabshah Site - Nawabshah -I 1 8.00 80 132 KV Nawabshah-I - Nawabshah -II 4.50 81 132KV Nawabshah II -ShahpurChakar-Sanghar 60.50 82 -132 KV N.T.P.S - Kotri Site (T-Off Kohisar) 15.00 83 |132KV N.T.P.S - Tando Muhammad Khan 36.00 84 132 KV N.T.P.S - Zealpak Cement Factory 3.00 85 1132 KV Noshero Feroze - Kandiaro 30.00 86 i132 KV Noshero Feroze - Dadu 59.00 87 132 KV New Jatoi - Kandiaro 48.00 88 1132 KV Phuleli - Latifabad 14.00 89 1132 KV Phuleli - 220 KV Hala Road [ 7.00 90 132 KV Pir Patho - Mirpur Sakro 28.00 91 1132 KV Sujawal - Buiri Shah Karim 40.00 92 1132 KV Sujawal - Ladyoon 38.00 93 132 KV Sakrand - Dadu 145.00 94 1132 KV Sakrand - Nawabshah I 24.00 95 t1 32 KV Sakrand - Nawabshah Site i 21.00 96 132 KV Shahdadpur - Tando Adam 19.00 97 h132 KV Thatta - Gharo 68.00 98 132 KV Thatta - Sujawal I 35.00 99 132 KV Thatta - Thatta Cement Factory 18.00 100 1132 KV Thatta - Pir Pathe I 18.00 101 132 KV Tando Jam - Tando Allahyar 37.00 102 |132 KV Tando Allahyar - Sultanabad - Mirpur Khas 35.00 103 1132 KV Tando Mohammad Khan - Buiri Shah Karim 41.00 104 11 32 KV Sanghar - Mirpur Khas 62.00 66-KV Transmission Lines 01 66 KV Tando Muhammad Khan - Badin 81.00 02 66 KV Tando Muhammad Khan - Matli 20.00 03 66 KV Matli - Tando Ghulam Ali 30.00 04 6 KV Tando Ghulam Ali - Digri 31.00 05 p6 KV Badin- Kadhan 38.00 06 6 KV Badin - Pangrio ! 46.31 07 66 KV Noukot - Pingrio 24.00 08 6 KV Kaloi - Pangrio 09 66 KV Digri - Naukot 48.00 10 66 KV Mithi - Diplo 42.00 3-19 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S03 Project Description HESCO 6' STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Description Length (km) 11 66 KV Mithi - Islamkot 45.00 12 66 KV Noukot- Mithi 56.00 13 3 6 KV Umerkot - Chacharo 75.00 14 66 KV Islamkot - Nagarparkar 80.00 15 |6 KV Samaro - Nabisar - Naukot J 45.00 16 66 KV Samaro - Pithoro 24.00 17 66 KV Samaro - Umerkot 36.00 18 r66 KV M.P.Khas - Khipro 56.00 19 66 KV Sanghar- Mirpur Khas 62.00 20 66 KV Sanghar - Kandiari 44.00 21 66 KV Sanghar - Jamrao Head 39.00 22 66 KV Hala Road - Matiari 25.00 23 66 KV N/Feroze - Padiddan | 23.00 24 ,66 KV Padiddan - Dour 30.00 25 66 KV Rohri - Nara-l - Nara-lI 174.14 26 66 KV Rohri - Rasoolabad 66.00 27 66 KV Rasoolabad - Padiddan 74.96 28 66 KV Rasoolabad - Thari Mirwah 30.00 29 66 KV Rohri - T.P.S Sukkur ! 2.04 30 66 KV Sukkur Site - T.P.S Sukkur 4.60 31 66 KV Sukkur City - Naudero 82.60 32 66 KV Sukkur City - Sukkur Site 11.05 33 66 KV Shikarpur - Sukkur City I 38.00 34 66 KV Shikarpur - Jacobabad | 40.00 35 66 KV Larkana - Kambar 22.00 i 36 66 KV Larkana - Radhan - Dokri 93.00 37 66 KV Larkana New -Larkana Old - Naudero | 13.00 38 66 KV Kambar - Shahdadkot 36.00 39 6 KV Shahdadkot - Usta Muhammad 42.00 40 6 KV Shahdadkot - Warah - Kambar 36.00 41 6 KV Noudero - Larkana 18.60 Source: Data provided by HESCO. _ 3-20 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-So3 Project Description HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 3.4: Grid Stations in HESCO's Area 1 132-KV NTPS 46 66-KV Tando Jan Mohammad 2 132-KV Kotri Site 47 66-KV Kaloi 3 132-KV Jamshoro 48 132-KV Hala 4 132-KV Jhampir 49 132-KV Kazi Ahmed 5 132KV Jherruck 50 132-KV Moro 6 132-KV Gulshan-e-Shahbaz 51 132-KV Naushero Feroze 7 132-KV Gharo 52 132-KV Kandiaro 8 132-KV Kalu Kohar 53 132-KV Nawabshah-I 9 132-KV Khanote 54 132-KV Nawabshah-11 10 132-KV Mirpur Sakro 55 132-KV Nawabshah Site-lIl 11 1 32-KV Pir Patho 56 132-KV Shahpur Chakar 12 132-KV Sujawal 57 132-KV Sanghar 13 132-KV Thatta 58 132-KV Sakrand 14 132-KV Tando Mohammad Khan 59 132-KV Saeedabad 15 132-KV Phulleli 60 132-KV Shahdadpur 16 132-KV Buiri Shah Karim 61 132-KV Tando Adam 17 132-KV Ladiun 62 132-KV Bhan Saeedabad 18 132-KV Nooriabad 63 132-KV Doulatpur 19 132-KV Thana Bola Khan 64 66-KV Daur 20 66-KV Badin 65 66-KV Kandiari 21 66-KV Kadhan 66 66-KV Matiari 22 66-KV Matli 67 66-KV Padidan 23 66-KV Tando Ghulam Ali 68 66-KV Head Jamrao 24 66-KV Talhar 69 66-KV Tando Adam 25 132-KV Mirpur Khas 70 132-KV Rohri 26 132-KV Tando Allahyar 71 132-KV Arain Road, Sukkur 27 132-KV Mirwah 72 132-KV Khairpur 28 132-KV Sultanabad 73 132-KV Pir-Jo-Goth 29 132-KV Samaro 74 132-KV Kot Diji 30 132-KV Latifabad 75 132-KV Gambat 31 132-KV Qasimabad 76 66K-V Rasoolabad 32 132-KV Kohsar 77 132-KV Mubarkpur 33 132-KV Tando Jam 78 132-KV Sukkur Site 34 66-KV Umerkot 79 132-KV Pano Aqil 35 66-KV Digri 80 132-KV Ghotki 36 66-KV Khipro 81 132-KV Mirpur Mathelo 37 66-KV Mithi 82 132-KV Khanpur Mehar 38 66-KV Naukot 83 132-KV Deharki 39 66-KV Nabisar 84 132-KV Ubaro 40 66-KV Pithoro 85 132-KV Guddu Left 41 66-KV Pangrio 86 66-KV Nara-I 42 66-KV Diplo 87 66-KV Nara-l1 43 66-KV Chachro 88 66-KV Sukkur City 44 66-KV Nagar Parkar 89 66-KV Thari Mirwah 45 66-KV lslamkot 90 132-KV Larkana e _LA 3-21 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S03 Project Description HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 91 132-KV Rato Dero 104 132-KV Kashmore 92 132-KV Dadu 105 66-KV Humayun 93 132-KV Sehwan 106 66-KV Warah 94 132-KV Shalmani 107 132-KV Jacobabad 95 132-KV Khairpur Nathan Shah 108 66-KV Garhi Khairo 96 132-KV Nasirabad 109 66-KV Larkana 97 132-KV Johi 110 132-KV Shahdadkot 98 132-KV Mehar 111 66-KV Radhan 99 132-KV Faridabad 112 66-KV Dokri 100 132-KV Shikarpur 113 66-KV Kamber 101 132-KV Kandhkot 114 66-KV Naudero 102 132-KV Thull 115 132-KV Miro Khan 103 132-KV Karampur Source: Data provided by HESCO. e 3-22 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S03 Project Description HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 3.5: Project Components (Please see the following page.) A; 3-23 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S03 . Legend Assignment: Environmental and Social Assessment Prject: 6' STG Project New Transmission Line Client: HESCO New Grid Station Sore: Data Provided by HESCO Title: Grid Station Conversion Project Components Extension Ref GRP07E3-5 HES Date: May 2007 Project Description HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 3.6: Land to be Acquired for Project Description Land Take Number of I ! Landowners/Affectees New grid stations (qty: 4) 16 acres (4 acres for each 4 grid station) permanent land take e-___ 3-25 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S03 HESCO 6k STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 4 Description of the Environment This Chapter describes the environmental conditions of the project area before the commencement of the proposed activities. The environmental baseline in this Chapter addresses the physical and biological aspects of the project area. Since the proposed project components are located in different parts of the HESCO area (see Exhibit 3.5 for the location of project components), a generic overview of the environmental conditions of this entire area is presented. A more specific description of the immediate surroundings of various project components is provided separately, where appropriate. This site specific description is augmented by the schematic diagram of the grid station locations as well as transmission line routes - provided at the end of this Chapter, and photographs - provided in Appendix C of this report. In view of the absence of any major development activities underway at or around the project sites or any other natural/anthropogenic phenomenon, the environmental conditions of the project sites are unlikely to experience any significant change before the project commencement. 4.1 Physical Environment 4.1.1 Physiography, Topography and Geology' On the basis of the physical environment and geology, the project area falls in the Indus Basin, which is briefly described below. The Indus Basin essentially forms the western extension of Indo-Gangetic Plain, and has been made up of the silt brought by the Indus and its numerous tributaries, such as Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej on the east bank, and Kabul, Kurram, Tochi, and others on the west bank. The Indus Plain is known for its agricultural fertility and cultural development throughout history. The left bank tributaries of the Indus River all meet at Panjnad and flow as one large stream for about 75 km before joining the Indus at Mithankot, and south of it, the Indus flows almost alone up to the Arabian Sea without receiving any noticeable tributary. The average annual discharge of the Indus - 92 million acre feet (MAF) at Attock Khurd - is much higher than the combined discharge of its tributaries. There is a great fluctuation in their seasonal discharge, especially in the hot summer and rainy season. Almost all of its tributaries and the Indus itself have their sources in snow and glaciated areas of Himalayan, Karakoram and Hindukush mountain systems. On the basis of hydrology and land form, the Indus Plain can be divided into the Upper and Lower Indus Plains. The Upper Indus Plain differs from the Lower Indus Plain (where the project area is located) primarily because of the major tributaries (Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej) divide the land surface into several interfluves or 'doabs'. The Sources: Atlas of Pakistan, Govemment of Pakistan, 1997. Sindh State of Environment and Development, IUCN, 2004. e 4-1 July 2007 FRTO7V03HES-S04 Description of the Environment HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report two plains are separated by a narrow corridor near Mithankot where the Sulaiman range approaches the Indus River. The Lower Indus Plain is very flat, generally sloping to the south with an average gradient of 95 mm per km (6 inches per mile). The Lower Indus Plain can be divided in five distinct micro-relief land forms: active flood plain; meander flood plain; cover flood plain; scalloped interfluves; and the Indus delta. In the northeast, the meander flood plain is more extensive, while in the central and lower Indus Plain, the cover flood plain is more prominent. Topographically, Sindh can be divided into four distinct parts with the dry and barren Kirthar Range in the west, a central alluvial plain bisected by the Indus River, a desert belt in the east, and the Indus delta in the south. The entire project area is located in the central alluvial plain on either sides of the Indus River. Geological Setting: The prevailing geologic conditions in the region are the results of extensive inundation, depositions, coastal movements, and erosions over a long period of time in the geological ages. The geology of the region is closely related to the formation process of Himalayan ranges resulting in intense deformation with complex folding, high angle strike-slip faults and crust thickening expressed in a series of thrust faults. The important tectonic changes which have had so much influence in the region are feebly visible particularly in the Indus Plain, and it is only by considering the geology on a broader regional scale, as well as in site specific detail, that the effects can be appreciated. Most parts of Sindh are covered either by recent alluvium or wind-borne sand. The principal features of geological significance are to be found in the hilly portions of the province, towards the west of the Indus. Outlying extensions of this hilly tract occur east of the Indus as well, near Sukkur, Hyderabad and Jerruck. The isolated hills of Nagarparkar on the northern border of the Rann of Kutch belong to quite a different system both geographically and geologically. The hilly region of western Sindh consists almost entirely of rocks belonging to the tertiary system of geological nomenclature. It is only along the Laki Range and in its neighborhood that there are some exposures of rocks belonging to the next older system, the Cretaceous. With the exception of some volcanic beds associated with these Cretaceous strata, all the rock formations of western Sindh are of sedimentary origin. All of the more important hill masses consist of limestone. A great majority of these limestone deposits belong to the Nummultic period and are largely built up of the accumulated shells of foraminifera, principally those belonging to the genus Nummulites. 4.1.2 Soils 2 The soil in the plains of Sindh is plastic clay that has been deposited by the Indus. Combined with water it develops into a rich mould and without water it degenerates into a desert. Nearly the entire Indus valley has soil which is extremely friable and easily disintegrated by the flow of water. Resultantly, the water always contains a large amount of suspended silt. 2 Source: Sindh State of Environment and Development, IUCN, 2004. eLA 4-2 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S04 Description of the Environment HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 4.1.3 Land Use 3 Agriculture, followed by forestry, is the main land use in the central alluvial plain. Although more than 50 percent of the total geographical area is cultivable, only 26 percent of it is actually located in the central plain. The land inside the Indus embankments is almost equally employed by agriculture and forestry, while that outside the embankments is more extensively utilized for agriculture in the form of sparsely distributed irrigated plantations. The land use in Sindh is given in Exhibit 4.1. 4.1.4 Meteorology and Climate Meteorology The climate of most parts of the Project Area is arid characterized by four district seasons in a year, that is, winter from Mid-November to February, spring during March and April summer from May to Mid-September and autumn from Mid-September to Mid-November. There exist several meteorological stations in the project area; data recorded at some of these stations is provided in the following sections. Temperatures June is the hottest month in most parts of the project area, with mean daily maximum temperature recorded as 44.33 oc.4 January is the coldest month in the area, with the mean daily minimum temperature recorded as 5.42 0C.5 Mean daily maximum and mean daily minimum temperatures of various districts in the project area are presented in Exhibits 4.2 and 4.3, respectively.6 In view of the very small differences among these temperatures, this data can be taken as representative for the entire project area. Rainfall Average annual rainfall in the project area ranges between 110 mm (Jacobabad) and 222 mm (Badin). Maximum rainfall (about 60% of the total annual) occurs during the Monsoon season (July, August and September), while the period of minimum rainfall or drier period is October and November. Mean monthly rainfall data of various locations within the project area is provided in Exhibit 4.4.7 Humidity July, August and September are the most humid months in the area, whereas May and June are the least humid months. Average monthly relative humidity (RH) values at various locations in the project area are provided in Exhibit 4.5.* 3 Source: Sindh State of Environment and Development, IUCN, 2004. 4 Recorded at Jacobabad (see Exhibit 4.2). 5 Recorded at Chor (Umerkot) (see Exhibit 4.3). 6 Temperature Normals recorded for the period 1961 to 1990. Source: District Census Reports. (Normals for the period subsequent to 1990 are not published yet.) 7 Rainfall Normals recorded for the period 1961 to 1990. Source: District Census Reports. (Normals for the period subsequent to 1990 are not published yet.) DLN 4-3 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Description of the Environment HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Climate Pakistan's latitudinal and longitudinal extents and its northern rim of lofty mountains, are the two factors, which have a great bearing not only on the temperature and rainfall patterns, but also on the general circulation of the atmosphere on the southern Asia. Climate of Pakistan according to Koppen's classification9 falls under the following five types: Tropical Semi-arid with Dry Winter: This climate type prevails in Karachi, Hyderabad, and southern Khairpur Division. The mean annual temperature is above 18 OC. Tropical Arid: This is characterized by average annual temperature of about 18 OC with dry winters. This includes southern Kalat and whole of the Indus Plain. Cold Semi-arid With Dry Summer: This climate type covers central Kashmir, Peshawar, D.l. Khan, Quetta and northern half of Kalat Division. Snow Forest Climate: This climate type is characterized by average temperature of coldest month below 0 OC. Mean temperature of the warmest month is between 10 and 22 IC. It includes northern mountainous areas and parts of Kashmir. Extreme Cold: This climate type is characterized by average temperature of the warmest months between 10 and 0 OC. It comprises eastern and northern parts of Kashmir, Chitral, Gilgit and Laddakh. Based upon the above classification, most parts of the proposed project area are included in the Tropical Arid climate zone, while some southern parts of Sindh are located in the Tropical Semi-arid with Dry Winter climate zone. Ambient Air Quality Some of the project sites are located close to the roads experiencing vehicular traffic, which causes air pollution. These include the following: * Tando Bago grid station site * Portions of the Humayun - Jacobabad transmission line * Matiari grid station * Portion of the Tando Allahyar - Chamber transmission line (particularly near the Tando Allahyar grid station) * Naukot grid station * Samaro grid station * Portions of the feed for the Larkana-lil grid station * Nooriabad grid station * Kandiari grid station. Humidity Normals recorded for the period 1961 to 1990. Source: District Census Reports. (Normals for the period subsequent to 1990 are not published yet.) 9 Climatic Regions of West Pakistan, Pakistan Geographical Review. Kazi, S. A.,1952. 4e4 July 2007 FRTO7V03HES-S04 Description of the Environment HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report However only at two of the above sites - portion of the Humayun-Jacobabad transmission line, and Tando Allahyar grid station - the ambient air quality is expected to exceed the acceptable limits defined by the national and international standards (given in Exhibit 2.4), in view of the heavy vehicular traffic at these places. Since the primary source of air pollution at the above sites is the vehicular emissions, the key pollutants likely to be found at these locations include carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter (PM). A typical air quality data for some urban centers in the country is presented in Exhibit 4.6, which can be used as a generic ambient air quality baseline for these locations.10 The remaining project components (grid stations sites and transmission line routes) are located well outside the metropolitan centers. There does not exist any large industry or any other significant pollution source near these sites/routes either. The agricultural activities do cause some environmental degradation associated with the use of agro- chemicals and operation of agricultural machinery. However, this degradation is of low level since the project area is not known for heavy use of agrochemicals such as pesticides, or agricultural machinery. As a result, the ambient air quality of these sites is expected to be well within the acceptable limits, and no major criteria pollutants are likely to be found in excess of the limits prescribed by national and international standards (see Section 2.2.3 for the ambient air quality and emission standards). 4.1.5 Surface Water Resources The River Indus is the prime surface water resource of Sindh. Salient information of this river is provided below. Indus River: The Indus River is the main source of surface water in the project area (and in the country). The Indus rises in Tibet, at an altitude of about 18,000 feet (5,486 m) amsl, and has a total catchment area of 654,329 km2 . Length of the Indus River in the country is about 2,750 km. Five main rivers that join the Indus from the eastem side are Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej. Besides these, two minor rivers - Soan and Harrow also drain into the Indus. On the western side, a number of small rivers join Indus, the biggest of which is River Kabul with its main tributaries i.e. Swat, Panjkora and Kunar. Several small streams such as Kurram, Gomal, Kohat, Tai and Tank, also join the Indus on the right side. Exhibit 4.7 shows Indus River and its tributaries; Exhibit 4.8 presents key facts about the river. . The Indus River exhibits great seasonal variations, with more than 80% of the total annual flow occurring during the summer months, peaking in June, July and August. Exhibit 4.9 presents flow data of the Indus. The Indus River and its tributaries on an average bring about 154 MAF of water annually. This includes 144.9 MAF from the three western rivers and 9.14 MAF from the eastem rivers. Most of this, about 104.7 MAF is diverted for irrigation, 39.4 MAF flows to the sea and about 9.9 MAF is consumed by the system losses which include evaporation, seepage and spills during floods. The flows of the Indus and its tributaries vary widely 10 A site-specific air quality baseline will be established before site mobilization at each grid station site (further discussed in ESMP later in the document). e 4-5 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S04 Description of the Environment HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report from year to year and within the year. As is the case with the water availability there is significant variation in annual flows into sea. The Indus Delta: Historically, the Indus Delta has formed in an arid climate under conditions of high river discharge to the proportion of 4 billion tons of sediment per year. In the past, this has contributed to a prograding seaward of the delta as a result of interaction of fluvial and marine processes and a moderate tide range of approximately 2.6 meters. Progradation has occurred in spite of extremely high wave energies of the order of 1,400 million ergs/sec. During the past six decades, however, the construction of dams and barrages and extensive engineering works upstream has reduced the sediment load to 100-650 million tons per year (based on different studies). This decrease in sediment load together with the extremely high wave energies is expected to cause rapid reworking and transgression of the Indus delta. What makes Indus delta unique is the fact that it experiences the highest wave energy of any river in the world. During the monsoon season, from May-September, the delta front receives more wave energy in a single day than the Mississippi delta receives in the entire year. The Indus delta is triangular in shape and occupies a large part of the province of Sindh, covering about 30,000 km2. It is about 240 km in length along the axis of the river and 220 km at its widest, from Karachi to the great Rann of Kutch. Hill Torrents: A distinct feature of the Kirthar Range on the Indus right bank (district Dadu in the HESCO area; see Exhibit 1.1) is the presence of hill torrents, which drain the western hilly areas towards the Indus River in the east. Most of these surface drains experience nominal flow, if any, during the dry weather. However, during the rainy seasons, sudden, high and gushing flows occur, causing flash floods in the downstream areas. River Water Quality: The water quality of Indus River is generally considered excellent for irrigation purposes. The total dissolved solids (TDS) range from 60 mg/I in the upper reaches to 375 mg/I in the lower reaches of the Indus, which are reasonable levels for irrigated agriculture and also as raw water for domestic use. The disposal of saline drainage from various irrigation projects has been a major factor in the increased TDS in the lower reaches of the rivers in the Indus Plain. There is progressive deterioration downstream and the salinity is at its maximum at the confluence of the Chenab and Ravi rivers, where the TDS ranges from 207 to 907 mg/l. A slight improvement in water quality is noted further downstream at Panjnad due to dilution from the inflow from Sutlej River. The quality of the Indus water at Guddu, however, is within acceptable limits for agriculture; TDS being in the range of 164-270 mg/l. In the upper reaches of the Indus River, the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) content remains above 8.5 mg/I which is well above the acceptable levels of 4 mg/I. The Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) downstream of AHtock has been recorded as 2.9 mg/I. At Kotri, it has a suspended solid (SS) content of 10 to 200 mg/I. Indus River water quality has been studied at the Dadu - Moro Bridge and Kotri Barrage, with nitrate levels at 1.1 and 7.5 mg/i, phosphate at 0.02 and 0.3 mg/I, BOD at 2.4 and 4.1 mg/I, faecal coliforms at 50 and 400 per ml, and aluminum at 1.8 and 0.2 mg/l respectively. Due to industrial waste 4-6 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S04 Description of the Environment HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report discharges from Punjab and Sindh, a high content of heavy metals such as nickel, lead, zinc and cadmium have also been found in Indus water. Lakes: There exist several fresh water and brackish lakes in the Sindh province. The salient among these include Manchar, Keenjhar and Haleji lakes (further discussed in Section 4.2). In addition there exist a large number of small lakes and ponds in the irrigated areas of Sindh, most of which have been created as a result of extensive irrigation and very shallow groundwater. 4.1.6 Groundwater Resources The Indus Basin was formed by alluvial deposits carried by the Indus and its tributaries. It is underlain by an unconfined aquifer covering about 15 million acres (60,700 kM2) in surface area. In Sindh, about 28% of the area is underlain by fresh groundwater. This is mostly used as supplemental irrigation water and pumped through tube-wells. Some groundwater is saline. Water from the saline tube-wells is generally put into drains and, where this is not possible, it is discharged into large canals for use in irrigation, after diluting with the fresh canal water. Before the introduction of widespread irrigation, the groundwater table in the Indus Basin varied from about 12 m in depth in Sindh and Bhawalpur areas to about 30 m in Rechna Doab (the area between Ravi and Chenab Rivers). After the introduction of weir- controlled irrigation, the groundwater table started rising due to poor irrigation management, lack of drainage facilities and the resulting additional recharge from the canals, distributaries, minors, water courses and irrigation fields. At some locations, the water table rose to the ground surface or very close to the surface causing water-logging and soil salinity, reducing productivity. In the late 1950s, the Government of Pakistan embarked upon a program of Salinity Control and Reclamation Project (SCARP) wherein large deep tube-wells were installed to control the groundwater table. Over a period of about 30 years, some 13,500 tube- wells were installed by the Government to lower the groundwater table. The SCARP project initially proved to be quite effective in lowering the water table but with time, the performance of the SCARP tube-wells deteriorated. The development of deep public tube-wells under the SCARP was soon followed by private investment in shallow tube-wells. Particularly in the eighties, the development of private tube-wells received a boost, when locally manufactured inexpensive diesel engines became available. Most of these shallow tube-wells were individually owned. In the last 25-30 years, ground water has become a major supplement to canal supplies, especially in the Upper Indus Plain, where ground water quality is good. Large scale tube-well pumpage for irrigation started in the early sixties. There are presently more than 500,000 tube-wells in the Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS). According to a study, the total groundwater potential in Pakistan is of the order of 55 MAF. Major part of the groundwater abstraction for irrigation is within the canal commands or in the flood plains of the rivers. However, the amount of abstraction varies throughout the area, reflecting inadequacy/unreliability of surface water supplies and groundwater quality distribution. e_ 4-7 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Description of the Environment HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report The quality of groundwater ranges from fresh (salinity less than 1,000 mg/I TDS) near the major rivers to highly saline farther away, with salinity more than 3,000 mg/I TDS. The general distribution of fresh and saline groundwater in the country is well known and mapped, as it influences the options for irrigation and drinking water supplies. Generally, the quality and quantity of groundwater in the Indus Basin deteriorate from north to south, and from east to west. The key water quality parameters of some of the locations in the project area are tabulated in Exhibit 4.10. Exhibit 4.11 provides results of the water quality analysis carried out during the present study. 4.2 Biological Resources This section provides an overview of the ecozones, wild flora and fauna, and the habitat conditions prevailing in the project area. The description in this section has been prepared on the basis of secondary literature review, and field visits carried out in the area during this ESA and earlier assignments. 4.2.1 Original Ecozones of Project Area Tropical Thorn Forest Ecozone This habitat was the most extensive ecozone of the Indus plain, and currently exists only in places where the land has not been converted for habitation or cultivation. This habitat comprises low forests of thorny and hard-wooded tree species, dominated by Acacia spp. The trees of such forests have short boles and low branching crowns. These are usually not close-growth trees hence their canopies touch each other in exceptionally favorable spots. The usual height of the trees is 20-30 feet (6-9 m). Other plants that grow mixed with Acacia include Salvadora, Prosopis, Capparis, and Tamarix. The shrubs of the ecozone included Calotropis, Zizyphus, Suaed, while herbs of the area included Chenopodium, Calligonum, Haloxj'Ion and various species of grasses. The major wildlife mammal species of this ecozone was Long-eared Hedgehog, Desert Hare, Porcupine, Desert Wolf, Jackal, Bengal Fox, Desert Fox, Honey Badger, Small Indian Civet, Grey Mongoose, Small Indian Mongoose, Striped Hyena, Indian Desert Cat, Caracal, Jungle Cat, Wild Boar, Nilgai, Blackbuck and Chinkara Gazelle. Appendix D provides a list of the key mammalian species of the area. Birds of the ecozone included Grey Partridge, Peafowl, Common Quail, Ring Dove, Red Turtle Dove, Little Brown Dove, Green Pigeon, Hoopoe, Spotted Owlet, Barn Owl, Dusky Horned Owl, Indian Nightjar, Wryneck, Golden-backed woodpecker, Pied Woodpecker, Wood Shrike, Great Grey Shrike, Rufous-backed shrike, Fantail Flycatcher, Common babbler, Jungle babbler, Houbara Bustard, Great Indian Bustard and many other species of passerine birds. Appendix D provides a list of the key bird species of the area. Reptiles of the area included Bengal Monitor Lizard, Garden Lizard, Spiny-tailed Lizard, Cobra, Krait, Vipers and Rat Snake. Appendix D provides a list of the key reptilian species of the area. 4-8 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S04 Description of the Environment HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Riverine Tract Habitats Originally the riverine habitats used to have heavy, seasonal floods. Since forecasting and prior warning were not available to the rural people, these habitats were not occupied for agriculture and habitation. Natural resource exploitation was also not extensive. As a result, this natural flora along the rivers flourished. These included: Tamarix, Saccharum, populus and Acacia. Typha growth was common wherever the water was stagnant or slow moving. The mammals of such habitat included Hog Deer, Wild Boar, Fishing Cat, Jungle Cat, Small Indian Civet, Smooth-coated Otter and Indus Blind Dolphin. The wild avifauna of the area included around forty species of Ducks and Geese, Black Partridge, Countless number and species of waders, Purple Moorhen, Common and White-breasted Moorhen, Yellow-eyed Babbler, and several Passerine species. The key reptiles of the area included Monitor Lizard and several species of Turtles. 4.2.2 Modified Nature of Habitat Major parts of the original habitats described in Section 4.2.1 above have been modified into new habitats, primarily as a result of extensive cultivation and expanding urban centers as well as rural settlements. These new habitat types are briefly discussed below. Agricultural Habitats Most parts of Sindh are under very intensive irrigated cultivation. In addition, livestock rearing is also practiced extensively, and milk animals are common. The use of the chemical fertilizers and pesticides is very common. Several species of wildlife have adapted to the changed habitat. These include: Jackal; Jungle Cat, Bengal Fox, Small Indian Mongoose, Shrew, Rodent pests including Porcupine, Fruit Bats and Wild Boar. The avifauna which survived the modified habitat include Doves, Black Partridge, Cuckoos, Koel, Woodpeckers, Parakeets, Bulbuls, Babblers, Black Drongo, Bee-eaters, Finches and House Sparrow. The reptilian species of this modified habitat include Krait, Cobra, Saw-scaled Viper, Rat Snake and Monitor Lizard. In these modified habitats, the winter bird species from Himalayas have reduced due to the extensive use of pesticides in these areas, since these species feed on the insects. These birds play an important role in controlling insects particularly in the forests. Almost all of the project components are located in this type of habitat. Rural and Urban Habitats These include human habitations within agriculture areas, as well as the urban centers. Scavengers like Jackals are attracted to the garbage dumps and human feces for food. House Sparrows breed in the houses. Bank Mynas and Cattle Egrets feed on grasshoppers in the rangelands with cattle and buffalos. Banyan and Peepal trees still grow in villages. Green Pigeons and barbets feed in these trees. Some of the oldest trees still stand in the old British era colonies. Some rare species of birds such as hornbills, Green Pigeon and Barbets still live on them. Large populations of e 4-9 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Description of the Environment HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Pigeons breed in urban houses. Kites, Crows, Mynas, House Sparrows, and Alexandrine Parakeets breed in the urban areas. Usually Shisham and Acacia trees are planted along side the roads and canals. Mostly Doves breed on such trees. Very few sections of the project area (such as parts of the Humayun-Jacobabad and Tando Allahyar-Chamber transmission lines) are located in such type of habitat. Migratory Birds There are many migratory bird species, which still visit or pass through the modified ecozones. These include geese and ducks, cranes, many waders, raptors and large variety of passerine birds such as larks, cuckoos, rooks, ravens, starlings, tits, warblers and finches. Some of these birds fly in to stay for the winter, while the rest fly through. For many species the province serves as a breeding ground while others procreate in other areas but have been spotted in this region. Appendix D presents a list of the important bid species of Sindh. 4.2.3 Wetlands " Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems in the world. Since Pakistan is situated on the flyway to Central Asia and South Asia, the birds breeding in Central and Northern Asia, migrate through Afghanistan to the Indus Valley, particularly to the wetlands across Sindh which are major wintering grounds of migratory water birds. Some of the important wetlands are briefly described below. The Indus Dolphin Reserve is spread over 135 km from the Sukkur upstream to the Guddu Barrage. In 1974, the entire area was declared the home of the endangered Blind Dolphin. The major threats it faces include split populations of the dolphins due to dams and barrages on the River Indus, reduction in habitat size during dry season, high turbidity, pollution, and hunting. The number of dolphins at the site has increased from 150 in 1974 to 620 in 2001. Manchar Lake, a threatened wetland dying from pollution and mismanagement, was once considered the largest freshwater lake in Asia. It is located about 12 miles west of the town of Sehwan Sharif and spread over an area of 100 square miles that was once renowned for its beauty and the large population of migratory birds and wild fowl. The water supply for Manchar Lake depends on water flows from River Indus via Aral Wah and Danistar Wah, storm water and hill torrents from Kirthar Hills and effluents from drainage units via Main Nara Valley Drain. Over the last two decades, the fresh water intake of the lake has declined significantly relative to the saline and toxic effluents discharged into it. Keenjhar (Kalri) Lake is a large freshwater lake providing drinking water to Karachi. It is located in Thatta district. It was declared a Ramsar site in 1976 and later became a wildlife sanctuary under the Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance. " Source: Sindh State of Environment and Development, IUCN, 2004. e 4-1 0 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Description ot the Environment HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Drigh Lake is a small, slightly brackish lake with extensive marshland. Located in Larkana district, the lake was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1972, and became a Ramsar site in 1976. Haleji Lake is a perennial freshwater lake with marshes and a brackish seepage lagoon. Considered a game reserve in 1971, this lake was declared a wildlife sanctuary and in 1976, the lake proceeded to become a Ramsar site. Haleji serves as an important source of water for Karachi besides being a popular recreational destination. The Lake is located in Thatta district. Jubho Lagoon is a shallow, small brackish water lagoon with mudflats and marshes that support a large concentration of migratory birds including flamingos and endangered Dalmation pelicans, a rare species in the world. This was declared a Ramsar site in 2001 because of the efforts made by IUCN Pakistan. The lagoon is located in Thatta district. Nurruri Lagoon is also a brackish, privately owned lagoon with barren mudflats that is visited by large concentrations of migratory water birds. It was also declared a Ramsar site in 2001. Increased salinity, sea intrusion, population pressures, agricultural and industrial pollution are major threats to this site. The lagoon is located in Badin district. Deh Akro is a wildlife sanctuary consisting of four major habitats; desert, wetland, marsh, and agricultural. Located in Nawabshah district, it is a natural inland wetland ecosystem, which supports a variety of rare and endangered wildlife species. This area hosts a considerable number of rare fauna. Many indigenous fish species are also found here. Water scarcity during a persistent dry spell is adversely affecting this area. Other lakes of the province include Badin and Kadhan Lagoons, Charwo Lake, Ghauspur Jheel, Hadiero Lake, Hamal Katchri Lake, Khango Lake, Khipro Lakes, Langh Lake, Mahboob Lake, Phoosna Lakes, Pugri Lake, Sadhori Lake, Sanghriaro Lake, Shahbuder and Jaffri Lake, Soonhari Lake and Tando Bago Lake. None of the project components are located in the immediate vicinity of these wetlands. 4.2.4 Protected Areas There exist one national park, thirty-three wildlife sanctuaries and sixteen game reserves in the HESCO area. A list of these protected areas is provided in Exhibit 4.12. However, none of the project components are located inside these areas. 4.3 Environmental Hotspots In view of the greatly modified nature of the habitats, as described in Section 4.2.2, there do not exist any environmental hotspots at or around any of the proposed project components. 4.4 Description of Grid Station Sites and Transmission Line Routes Salient information of the grid station sites and along different transmission line segments is provided in the following sections e- 4-11 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Description of the Environment HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 4.4.1 Bukhshapur Grid Station Site The site for the proposed grid station is located along a local road, a few kilometers outside Bukhshapur town along the Indus Highway. The site is currently under cultivation and privately owned. The area is fairly plain without any undulations. No major water bodies exist in the vicinity of the site. No significant sources of air pollution or water contamination exist in the area, nor any visible signs of soil contamination at the proposed site. A small settlement exists at a distance of about 50 m from the proposed site. Owing to the modified nature of the area, no natural vegetation or wildlife resources of any significance exist at or in the vicinity of the proposed site. No significant developmental activities are being undertaken at or around the proposed site. Exhibit 4.13 presents the schematic drawing of the proposed site and its surroundings. Section C.1 in Appendix C presents some photographs of the area. 4.4.2 Larkana-lIl Grid Station Site The site for the proposed grid station is located along a local road, a few kilometers south of the Larkana City. The site is currently under cultivation and privately owned. The area is fairly plain without any undulations. No major water bodies exist in the vicinity of the site, except a water course that runs across the road at a distance of about 20 m from the proposed site. No significant sources of air pollution or water contamination exist in the area, nor any visible signs of soil contamination at the proposed site. A small settlement exists at a distance of about 100 m from the proposed site. Owing to the modified nature of the area, no natural vegetation or wildlife resources of any significance exist at or in the vicinity of the proposed site. No significant developmental activities are being undertaken at or around the proposed site. Exhibit 4.14 presents the schematic drawing of the proposed site and its surroundings. Section C.2 in Appendix C presents some photographs of the area. 4.4.3 Chamber Grid Station Site The site for the proposed grid station is located along a local road, a few kilometers outside Chamber Town, about 22 km south of Tando Allahyar. The site is currently under cultivation and privately owned. The area is fairly plain without any undulations. No major water bodies exist in the vicinity of the site. No significant sources of air pollution or water contamination exist in the area, nor any visible signs of soil contamination at the proposed site. A small settlement exists at a distance of about 150 m from the proposed site. Owing to the modified nature of the area, no natural vegetation or wildlife resources of any significance exist at or in the vicinity of the proposed site. No significant developmental activities are being undertaken at or around the proposed site. Exhibit 4.15 presents the schematic drawing of the proposed site and its surroundings. Section C.3 in Appendix C presents some photographs of the area. eL 4-12 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Description of the Environment HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 4.4.4 Tando Bago Grid Station The site for the proposed grid station is located along the Tando Bago - Badin road, just outside the Tando Bago Town. The site is currently under cultivation and privately owned. The area is fairly plain without any undulations. No major water bodies exist in the vicinity of the site. No significant sources of water contamination exist in the area, nor are there any signs of soil contamination at the proposed site. However, the vehicular traffic on the road that exists adjacent to the proposed site is likely to cause some air pollution in the area. Owing to the modified nature of the area, no natural vegetation or wildlife resources of any significance exist at or in the vicinity of the proposed site. No significant developmental activities are being undertaken at or around the proposed site. Exhibit 4.16 presents the schematic drawing of the proposed site and its surroundings. Section C.4 in Appendix C presents some photographs of the area. 4.4.5 Feed for Bukhshapur Grid Station The Kandhkot - Kashmore transmission line, from which the feed for the proposed grid station is to be originated, is almost adjacent to the proposed site for the Bukhshapur grid station. Hence the area description given in Section 4.4.1 above applies to the grid station feed as well. See Section C.1 in Appendix C for the photographs of the area. No significant developmental activities are being undertaken in the area, as mentioned in Section 4.4.1 above. 4.4.6 Feed for Larkana-Ill Grid Station The proposed feed for the new Larkana-11 grid station would originate from the existing Larkana - Naseerabad transmission line. The total length of the feed is about 5 km. The tee-off point and entire length of the proposed route are located in the cultivation fields. There exist a few settlements between the tee-off point and the proposed site for the grid station, however, the route has been adjusted to avoid these settlements. The route also crosses a few local roads and several water courses. The terrain is almost entirely flat with no undulations. No significant sources of air pollution or water contamination exist in the area, nor any visible signs of soil contamination along the proposed route. Owing to cultivation and habitation in the area, no natural vegetation or wildlife resources of any significance exist along the proposed route. No significant developmental activities are being undertaken along the proposed route, except for some local roads which are under construction. Exhibit 4.17 presents the schematic drawing of the proposed route. Section C.5 in Appendix C presents some photographs of the route. 4.4.7 Feed for Chamber Grid Station The proposed feed for the new Chamber grid station would originate from the existing Tando Allahyar grid station. The total length of the proposed feed is about 22 km. The e 4-13 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S04 Description of the Environment HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report initial portion of the route (about 1 km) runs parallel to the main Hyderabad - Tando Allahyar - Mirpur Khas road, in the existing right of way. A few small squatters exist in the right of way, which will need to be removed while constructing this portion of the transmission line. Beyond the above mentioned area, the route generally passes through cultivated area. The route has been deviated where necessary to avoid the settlements that exist in the area. The route also crosses a few local roads and several water courses. The terrain is almost entirely flat with no undulations. No significant sources of water contamination exist in the area, nor any visible signs of soil contamination along the proposed route. However, a significant portion of the route runs along roads, hence the vehicular traffic is likely to cause air pollution in the area. Owing to cultivation and habitation in the area, no natural vegetation or wildlife resources of any significance exist along the proposed route. No significant developmental activities are being undertaken along the proposed route. Exhibit 4.18 presents the schematic drawing of the proposed route. Section C.6 in Appendix C presents some photographs of the route. 4.4.8 Feed for Tando Bago Grid Station The proposed feed for the new Tando Bago grid station would originate from the existing Badin - Pangrio transmission line. The total length of the proposed feed is about 4 km. The tee-off point and entire length of the proposed route are located in the cultivation fields. There exist a few settlements between the tee-off point and the proposed site for the grid station, however, the route has been adjusted to avoid these settlements. The route also crosses a few local roads and several water courses. A few water ponds also exist in the area. The terrain is almost entirely flat with no undulations. No significant sources of air pollution or water contamination exist in the area, nor any visible signs of soil contamination along the proposed route. Owing to cultivation and habitation in the area, no natural vegetation or wildlife resources of any significance exist along the proposed route. No significant developmental activities are being undertaken along the proposed route. Exhibit 4.19 presents the schematic drawing of the proposed route. Section C.7 in Appendix C presents some photographs of the route. 4.4.9 Feed for Matiari Grid Station The proposed feed for the conversion of Matiari grid station would originate from the existing Hala Road - Hala transmission line. The total length of the proposed feed is about 1 km. The tee-off point and entire length of the proposed route are located in the cultivation fields. The short length of the route does not cross any settlements or road. The terrain is almost entirely flat with no undulations. No significant sources of air pollution or water contamination exist in the area, nor any visible signs of soil contamination along the proposed route. Owing to cultivation and habitation in the area, no natural vegetation or wildlife resources of any significance exist at or in the vicinity of the proposed route. No significant developmental activities are being undertaken along the proposed route. 4-14 July 2007 FRT07vO3HES-S04 Description of the Environment HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 4.20 presents the schematic drawing of the proposed route. Section C.8 in Appendix C presents some photographs of the route. 4.4.10 Feed for Kandiari Grid Station The proposed feed for the conversion of Kandiari grid station would originate from the existing Sanghar - Mirpur Khas transmission line. The total length of the proposed feed is about 2 km. The tee-off point and entire length of the proposed route are located in the cultivation fields. The short length of the route does not cross any settlements or road. The terrain is almost entirely flat with no undulations. No significant sources of air pollution or water contamination exist in the area, nor any visible signs of soil contamination along the proposed route. Owing to cultivation and habitation in the area, no natural vegetation or wildlife resources of any significance exist along the proposed route. No significant developmental activities are being undertaken along the proposed route. Exhibit 4.21 presents the schematic drawing of the proposed route. Section C.9 in Appendix C presents some photographs of the route. 4.4.11 Humayun - Jacobabad Transmission Line The total length of the proposed transmission line is about 22 km. Most parts of the proposed route are located in the cultivation fields. The route crosses a few local roads and several water courses. The terrain is almost entirely flat with no undulations. Several deviations have been made in the proposed route to avoid settlements that exist in the area. No significant sources of water contamination exist in the area, nor any visible signs of soil contamination along the proposed route. However, several portions of the route run close to the roads, where ambient air quality is likely to be affected by the vehicular traffic. The last portion of the proposed route passes over a congested settlement. Owing to cultivation and habitation in the area, no natural vegetation or wildlife resources of any significance exist along the proposed route. No significant developmental activities are being undertaken along the proposed route. Exhibit 4.22 presents the schematic drawing of the proposed route. Section C.10 in Appendix C presents some photographs of the route. 4.4.12 Samaro - Naukot Transmission Line Route The total length of the proposed transmission line is about 60 km. Most parts of the proposed route are located in the cultivation fields, though there exist several uncultivated patches of land in the area. The route crosses a few local roads and several water courses. The terrain is almost entirely flat with no undulations. Several deviations have been made in the proposed route to avoid settlements that exist in the area. No significant sources of water contamination exist in the area, nor any visible signs of soil contamination along the proposed route. However, several portions of the route run close to the roads, where ambient air quality is likely to be affected by the vehicular traffic. Owing to cultivation and habitation in the area, no natural vegetation or wildlife resources of any significance exist along the proposed route. elmfrN 4-15 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Description of the Environment HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report No significant developmental activities are being undertaken along the proposed route. Exhibit 4.23 presents the schematic drawing of the proposed route. Section C.1 I in Appendix C presents some photographs of the route. 4-16 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Description of the Environment HESCO 6t'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 4.1: Land Use in Sindh Area Land Use (Million Ha) Percentage Not Sown 3.022 21.446 Current Fallow 1.439 18.935 Cultivable Waste 2.688 10.212 Total Available for 7.149 50.593 Cultivation I Not Available for 5.830 41.374 Cultivation Forest 1.125 7.984 Unreported E 0.007 0.049 Total L 14.091 100.000 Source: Sindh State of Environment and Development, IUCN, 2004. Exhibit 4.2: Meteorological Data - Mean Monthly Maximum Temperatures Degrees Celsius Month Hyderabad a Umerkot b Sanghar c Badin Jacobabad January 25.04 26.49 24.31 25.78 22.60 February 28.15 29.16 27.06 28.59 25.24 March 33.38 34.52 33.29 34.02 31.28 April 38.87 39.12 39.25 38.40 38.00 May 41.62 41.49 43.53 39.85 43.08 June 40.15 39.72 43.23 38.02 44.33 July 37.40 36.19 40.37 35.11 40.56 August 36.30 34.51 38.60 33.61 38.24 September 36.84 35.70 38.14 34.36 37.00 October 37.19 37.12 37.14 35.80 35.32 November 31.95 32.98 31.59 31.87 30.06 December 26.27 27.95 25.53 26.68 24.11 Annual 34.47 34.52 35.19 33.48 34.15 Source: Data Processing Centre. Pakistan Meteorological Department, Karachi Measured at Hyderabad Air Port. Measured at Chor. c Measured at Nawabshah. 4-17 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Description of the Environment HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 4.3: Meteorological Data - Mean Monthly Minimum Temperatures Degrees Celsius Month Hyderabad a Umerkot b Sanghar c Badin Jacobabad January 11.08 5.42 5.92 8.73 7.68 February 13.62 8.71 8.72 11.60 10.48 March 18.50 14.29 14.22 16.80 16.30 April 22.98 20.12 19.71 21.80 22.33 May 26.16 24.50 24.59 25.47 26.74 June 28.07 27.17 27.67 27.46 29.38 July 27.81 26.82 27.60 27.04 29.22 August 26.71 25.73 26.33 26.06 28.25 September 25.34 23.88 23.77 24.87 25.85 October 22.27 18.54 18.18 21.70 20.29 November 17.29 11.89 12.23 15.86 14.08 December 12.50 6.62 7.39 10.10 8.74 Annual 21.03 17.84 18.00 19.76 19.95 Source: Data Processing Centre, Pakistan Meteorological Department, Karachi. Exhibit 4.4: Meteorological Data - Precipitation mm Month Hyderabad a Umerkot b Sanghar c Badin Jacobabad January 1.17 0.62 1.64 0.96 3.10 February 3.87 1.96 1.88 3.60 7.03 March 5.05 4.55 3.14 2.30 10.32 April 5.74 3.50 3.05 2.49 1.93 May 3.47 2.97 1.33 0.69 1.74 June 13.84 19.74 8.35 10.76 4.70 July 56.66 79.03 51.80 70.49 36.79 August 60.75 74.53 45.41 89.88 26.31 September 21.41 22.95 10.42 34.43 11.21 October 1.50 2.07 2.87 3.72 2.31 November 2.10 3.57 1.49 1.67 1.14 December 1.99 0.90 2.73 1.11 3.69 Annual 177.55 216.39 134.11 222.10 110.27 Source: Data Processing Centre, Pakistan Meteorological Department, Karachi. Measured at Hyderabad Air Port. b Measured at Chor. c Measured at Nawabshah. e 4-18 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Description of the Environment HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 4.5: Meteorological Data - Relative Humidity Month Hyderabad a Umerkot b Sanghar c Badin Jacobabad January 47.90 45.52 59.98 50.38 50.88 February 45.38 44.45 56.00 48.81 48.23 March 42.40 42.55 50.62 48.36 42.76 April 41.88 42.73 44.66 48.97 33.01 May 46.96 46.81 42.63 53.10 30.93 June 56.35 56.40 51.81 60.70 41.16 July 63.42 67.23 62.10 69.61 56.18 August 65.26 70.15 66.06 72.55 62.20 September 61.37 64.76 62.38 69.78 59.38 October 47.65 50.78 55.16 59.15 48.87 November 46.40 44.58 59.48 53.88 45.75 December 49.26 46.84 62.47 52.46 52.73 Annual 51.19 52.11 56.03 57.56 47.70 Source: Data Processing Centre, Pakistan Meteorological Department, Karachi Measured at Hyderabad Air Port. b Measured at Chor. c Measured at Nawabshah. Exhibit 4.6: Ambient Air Quality in Urban Centers Pollutant Units Rawalpindi Lahore Karachi Quetta Peshawar Total g.g/M3 435.0 886.0 390 680 489 suspended particles (TSP)__ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Particulate pg/i3 230.0 300.0 280 310 310 matter of size less than10 1 micron (PM1o) e_ _ Sulfur dioxide Ppb 37.0 55.7 44 45.5 42 (SO2) _ Carbon Ppm 16.5 26.8 1 22.8 18.0 16.5 monoxide l 1 1 (CO) I_I_l Oxides of Ppb 40.0 55.0 42 41 42.5 nitrogen (NOx) Ozone Ppb 42.0 51.0 48.0 44.4 48.0 Source: Ambient air quality tests canied out by SUPARCO, 2004. 4-19 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Description of the Environment HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 4.7: Indus River and its Tributaries a u.., .'',- -.--fH Exii 4.8 Ke Fat bu nu ie Legt f ivrIndu in Paistn ,, 70 mile ;2,76. m .p-, - *'-1 Cs£1 m 1.. -Lo1.' /VXi 40a Ia... Exhibit 4.8: Key Facts about Indus River a Length of River Indus in Pakistan: 11,708 miles (2,767 kin) Important Engineering Tarbela Dam and Ghazi Barotha Hydro Power Project Structures on the River: fJinnah Barrage (950,000 cusecs), ________________________ Chashma Barrage (1.1 million cusecs), *Taunsa Barrage (750,000 cusecs), Guddu Barrage (1.2 million cusecs), Sukkur Barrage (1.5 million cusecs) and Kotri Barrage (750,000 cusecs) Catchment Area: 252,638 miles2 (663,023 kM2) Annual Average Flow: 48.0 MAF (41.41 Kharif and 6.61 Rabi) A Source: Pakistan Water Gateway. e 4-20 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Description of the Environment HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 4.9: Water Flow in Indus River Average Annual Average Annual i Average Annual Flow - 1922-61 Flow - 1985-95 Flow - 2001-02 (MAF) (MAF) (MAF) 93.00 62.70 48.00 Source: Pakistan Water Gateway. Mean Monthly Flow in Indus at Sukkur from 1940-41 to 1996-97 Month Flow Percentage (Eim') January 1.29 1.41% February 0.46 0.50% March 0.81 0.88% April = = -J 2.55 2.78% May 5.21 5.69% June 9.61 10.49% July 21.78 23.77% August 31.57 34.45% September 13.66 14.91% October 3.27 3.57% November 0.75 0.82% December 0.67 0.73% Total 91.63 100% e 4-21 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Description of the Environment HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 4.10: Water Quality in Project Area Water Hyderabad Sukkur Quality Unit I 1 1 Parameter Min. Max. Avg. Min. Max. Avg. Alkalinity m.moi/I 1.50 5.80 1.96 1.20 11.20 3.38 Arsenic p.g/i 0 200.00 13.80 0 0 , 0 Bicarbonate mg/I [ 75.00 290.00| 98.00 600 ]560.00 168.75 Calcium mg/l 25.00 88.00 33.93 22.00 76.00 34.33 Carbonate |mg/I 0 0 | 0 0 Chloride mg/l 5.00 124.00 25.33 3.00 216.00 50.25 Chromium I Ppb 0 25.00 9. 0 8.00 1.92 Conductivity PS/cm 260.00 1,150.00 387.00 170.00 1,877.00 570.00 Fluoride i mg/l 0.20 0.42 0.46 0 0.56 0.26 Hardness I mg/l 100.00 370.00 136.33 85.00 390.00 171.25 Iron mg/l 0.02 3.90 1.33 0.20 1.20 0.57 Magnesium mg/I 8.00 36.00 [_12.47 [ 7 68.00 20.50 Nitrate (N) mg/l 0.50 4.00 2.14 1.00 5.60 4.16 pH - 6.50 7.70 7.15 7.10 7.80 7.47 Phosphate mg/l 0 0.22 0.05 0.01 0.22 0.08 Potassium mg/I 4.00 10.00 5.94 4.10 10.00 f 5.36 Sodium mg/l 10.00 102.00 26.20 9.00 306.00 89.75 Sulfate j mg/A 28.00 138.00 45.07 ;25.00! 250.00 96.75 TDS mg/I 161.00 782.00 244.93 i 144.00 1,314.00 468.00 Turbidity NTU 2.00 160.00 40.80 0.50 154.00 54.59 Total MPN/100 ml 0 16.00 4.20 L 9.00 4.42 Coliform I Water quality analyses of multiple test points. Source: National Water Quality Monitoring Programme, PCRWR. eL 4-22 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Description of the Environment HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 4.11: Water Quality at Project Sites Water Quality Unit Gudeline S-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 S-5 S-6 S-7 S-8 Parameter Value Color TCU 15 Colorless Colorless Colorless Light Muddy Light Muddy .Colorless Light Muddy Colorless Odor Odorless Odorless |Ododorles Odorless |Odorless Odordorle Odorless Odorless Odorless Taste - Unobjection- Unobjection- Unobjection- ' Unobjection- Unobjection- Unobjection- Unobjection- i Unobjection- Unobjection- 'able able able able able able able able able Turbidity NTU 5.0 L 2.5 | 2.3 ] 2.6 22.0 28.0 | 2.8 35.0 3.2 pH - 6.5-8.5 7.5 7.3 7.1 7.2 , 7.3 7.1 7.3 7.2 Conductivity pS/cm 104.0 1,8850.0 19350.0 953.0 1,083.0 Salinity g/l - 0.3 1.0 5.2 1.2 i 1.6 0.9 0.5 0.5 TDS F- mg/I 1,000.0 451.0 1,203.0 5,984.0 1,536.0 2,016 1,119.0 | 610.0 693.0 Chloride mg/l 250.0 40.0 298.0 2,530.0 443.0 I 550.0 174.0 110.0 126.0 Bicarbonates mg/I - 290.0 315.0 365.0 395.0 1 360.0 330.0 270.0 280.0 Carbonates mg/l - - - - - - Hardness mg/I 500.0 330.0 560.0 1,180.0 670.0 850.0 580.0 310.0 370.0 Arsenic pg/l 10.0 25.0 Total Coliform Not Present Present Not Present Not Present Present Present Not Present Present Not Present E-Coli - Not PreseNot Present Not Present Not Present Present |Present !Not Present Present Not Present Key: S-1: Bukhshapur Grid Station Site; S-2: Larkana-lil Grid Station Site; S-3: Chamber Grid Station Site; S-4: Tando Bago Grid Station Site; S-5: Matiari Grid Station; S-6: Kandiari Grid Station; S-7: Samaro Grid Station; S-8: Naukot Grid Station. Note: Groundwater samples collected from the above mentioned sites and tested at the High Tech Central Resource Laboratory, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, March/April 2007. e 4-23 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S04 HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 4.12: Wildlife Protected Areas in HESCO Area Protected Area Name j Area (ha) Classification Coordinates Bijoro Chach 121 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Cut Munarki Chach 405 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Deh Akro/Nara Canal 20,000 Wildlife Sanctuary 27/42 N. 68/52 E. Deh Jangisar 314 Game Reserve Not Recorded Deh Khalifa 429 Game Reserve Not Recorded Deh Sahib Saman | 349 Game Reserve Not Recorded Dhoung Block 2,098 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Dograyon Lake 648 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Dosu Forest 2,312 Game Reserve Not Recorded Drigh Lake 164 F Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Ghamot 27,283 Game Reserve Not Recorded Ghondak Dhoro I 31 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Gullel Khon 40 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Guisher Dhand 24 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Hadero Lake 1,321 Wildlife Sanctuary 24/50 N. 67/53 E. Hala 954 Game Reserve 25/48 N. 68/25 E. Haleji Lake 1,704 Wildlife Sanctuary 24/49 N. 67/44 E. Hilaya 324 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Indus River 44,200 Game Reserve 28/24 N. 69/45 E. Keti Bunder South _ 8,948 Wildlife Sanctuary 24/08 N. 67/27 E. Keti Bunder North 23,040 Wildlife Sanctuary 24/08 N. 67/27 E. Khadi 81 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Khairpur Game Reserve Not Unclassified 27/32N. 68/47 E. Recorded Khanpur Not Unclassified Not Recorded Recorded Khat Dhoro 11 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Khipro 3,885 Game Reserve 25/49 N. 69/21 E. Kinjhar (Kain) Lake 13,468 Wildlife Sanctuary 29/54 N. 70/57 E. Kirthar 308,733 National Park 25/44 - 27/15 N. 67/10.E Kot Dinghano 30 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Lakht 101 Wildlife Sanctuary 26/36 N. 67/53 E. Langh (Lungh) Lake 19 Wildlife Sanctuary 27/30 N. 68/03 E. 4-24 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Description of the Environment HESCO 6"' STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Protected Area Name Area (ha) Classification Coordinates Mahal Kohistan 70,577 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Mejiran 24 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Mando Dero 1,234 Game Reserve Not Recorded Marho Kohn 162 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Miani Dhand 57 Wildlife Sanctuary 25/27 N. 68/23 E. Mirpur Sakro 777 Game Reserve 24/32 N. 67/38 E. Mubahat Dero 16 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Munarki 12 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Nara 109,966 Game Reserve 27/42 N. 68/52 E. Nara Desert 223,590 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Norang 243 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Pai 1,969 Game Reserve Not Recorded Pir Mahfooz Game I Not Unclassified Not Recorded Reserve Recorded Pir Pagara Game Reserve Not Unclassified Not Recorded Recorded Runn of Kutch 320,463 Wildlife Sanctuary | Not Recorded Sadnani 84 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Samno Dhand 23 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Shah Lanko 61 Wildlife Sanctuary Not Recorded Surjan, Sumbak, Eri and 40,632 Game Reserve 25/25 N. 67/55 E. Hothiano Takkar 43,513 Wildlife Sanctuary 27/15 N. 68/49 E. Tando Matha Khan 5,343 Game Reserve Not Recorded Source: Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas. Government of Pakistan. 1997. 4-25 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Description of the Environment HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 4.13: Bukhshapur Grid Station and its Feed Schematic Diagram (Please see the following pages.) eLAN 4-26 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S04 Legend Roil Railway Tiack CanialfWater Cot rse - Village/Settlement Transmitsso Litie |I setleted Site o Co Site Ilia 0L College I E L lc A: itit|Rice Mill SiLe 2 Site 3 XI Site 4 /Aignment: Environmental and Social Assessment t § cX - .< /Projec: 6'" STG Project |i- Client. HESCO i So-rce: Sketch Provided by HESCO Not to Scle Site Plan Bakhshapur Grid Station Ref HESCO-MP-008 nDae April 2007 Description of the Environment HESCO 6" STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 4.14: Larkana-Ill Grid Station Site Schematic Diagram (Please see the following page.) ekAfi 4-28 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-SO4 Legend Road Canal,Water Course Village/Settlement r Cultivatioll Selected Site iiir Wi 1%'3 1 Sroli.- Se *odl byHE $O t .; S .I -, \ 1,> = 1 ,,nl-.Assignment. Environmental and Social Assessment ..nn-- 9.> Peejeci. 61 STG Project -,-,p.!nl;Client: HESCO| olSl T Site Plan for Larkana-lil Grid Station Ref HESCO-MP-008 Date Apnl 2007 Description of the Environment HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 4.15: Chamber Grid Station Site Schematic Diagram (Please see the following page.) eL.AN 4-30 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Legend i0I Village Ch. Ra Site5 <7 - NazirCaW- Canallwater Curse Site '7 c T i Village/Settlement D a Chmr - . - TCultivation nTransmission Line AseChakar:Canal EirnetSite a Selecied Site 0^S e 4 : Tando Allahyar ChChmbmber G Station -Assignmen: Environmcntal and Social Assessment '; "' --\Project: 6th STG Project Kiln t' lt4 - Client: HESCO 01i 10s.=re: Sketc Provided by HESCO |Not toScale iS * Title: fl r3Site Plan for Chamber Grid Station Ref, HESCO-MP-008 |Date: April 2007 Description of the Environment HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 4.16: Tando Bago Grid Station Site Schematic Diagram (Please see the following page.) -AJ 4-32 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Legend Road 41t CanallWater Course VillageiSettlernent Site 3 Ce9e Site 2 Residence Cijltivn liol Colony Health Tranirnission Lirne Tando Bago Town Selected Site To BadinI To Bain - ~ ~Allah Wala Site 4 Sh 1 |otk 1 -I Civil Cotirt (D Atcign-.et. Environmental and Social Assessment Site 4 6Pot i 6" STG Project Client HESCO So-ree Sketch Provided by HESCO Not to Seni Site Plan for '4 Tando Bago Grid Station Re, HESCO-MP-008 I Dat April 2007 Description of the Environment HESCO 6 STG Project (2006-07) E~A Report Exhibit 4.17: Feed for Larkana-lill Grid Station Schematic Diagram (Please see the following pages.) 4-34 JuFy32007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Schematic Diagram: Feed for Larkana-ill Grid Station (Sheet 1 of 3) Existing Larkana - Naseerabad Transmission Line Length (m) Transmission Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes Line Feature C0 Tee-off Cultivation Plain DC, NE, SH Houses left of route. E] I Under-construcon 150 Cultivation Plain DC Laran Bpas 300 Cultivation Plain DC |_450 Water drain Cultivation Plain DC, DI, SE 600 Road Cultivation Plain DC, Dl, SH /___ I19°, 45'R _ 750 Cultivation Plain DC Fish pond right of route. 900 Cultivation Plain DC .............................. 11 -kV feeder Dl 1,050 Cultivation Plain DC - - - - - 7 -Track Dl, SH, NE Village right of route 1,200 Cultivation Plain DC Water course Dl, WC, SE 1,350 Cultivation Plain DC / Water course Dl, WC, SE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,500 500-kV trans'n Cultivation Plain DC line 1,650 Cultivation Plain DC t Water course Dl, WC, SE 1,800 24°, 401 Cultivation Plain DC 1,950 Cultivation Plain DC Water course Dl, WC, SE 2,100 Cultivation Plain DC 2,250 Cultivation Plain DC 2,400 Nullah DC, WC, SE Contd to next sheet. Key: - - - - - Proposed Transmission Line Road ----- Unpaved road/track - - - - - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course ................ 1 1-kV feeder Dl: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Cultivation Not to scale Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Schematic Diagram: Feed for Larkana-Ill Grid Station (Sheet 2 of 3) Length (m) rLne Feature Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes - Under-construction 2,400 Mivation Plain DC Cont'd from previous sheet - Larkana Bypass Road 2,550 Cultivabon Plain DC 2,700 Cultivation Plain DC 35°, 50' L 2,850 Road Cultivabon Plain DC, Dl, SH 3,000 Cultivation Plain DC . . .... . . 11-kV feeder DI 3,150 Cultivation Plain DC Fish pond right of route. Road Dl 3,300 Cultivation Plain DC, NE, SH Houses left of route. \ --kV feeder DI 3,450 Drain channel Cultivation Plain DC, Dl, SE DC, NE, SH Village right of route 3,600C Cultivation Plain - DC 3,750 Cultivation Plain DC, NE, SH Houses right of route. 3,900 Cultivation Plain DC 4,050 Cultivation Plain DC Canal - WC, SE, Dl Rice canal 4,200 Drain channel Cultivation Plain DC, SE, Dl 4,350 Cultivation Plain DC Stagnant water right of route. 4,500 80, 0' L Cultivation Plain DC - * - * -t *- - .- .-*- 4,650 66-kV trans'n line Cultivation Plain DC I Road D 4,800 Cultivation Plain DC, SH, WC, SE Fish farm on route. Cont'd to next sheet. Not to scale Key: - - - - - Proposed Transmission Line Road - - - - Unpaved road/track - - - - - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course ............ 1 1-kV feeder Dl: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Cultvation Schematic Diagram: Feed for Larkana-Ill Grid Station (Sheet 3 of 3) Transmission Length (m) Linesmission Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes Under-construction 4,800 Culti'vation P DC Cont'd from previous sheet Larkana Bypass Road 4,950 Cultivation Plain DC \ 30°, 10' R _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5,100 , Road Cultivation Plain DC, Dl 55 C !\5,250 Cultivation Plain DC I \5,400 Cultivation Plain -D_C | | | | | | j | 5,550 Rail track Cultivation Plain DC, Dl 5,700 Cultivation Plain DC 5,850 Cultivation Plain DC 6,000 Cultivation Plain DC . l 6,150 Nullah Cultivation Plain DC, WC, SE i 6,300 Drain channel Cultivation Plain DC, SE, Di . Road DI . 6,450 400, 55' L Cultivation Plain DC . . 6,600 Cultivation Plain DC . ._6,750 Cultivation Plain DC 6,780 Grid station site Cultivation Plain DC, LA, SE, WC, SH, Village across road and drain Larkana-li NE channel in front of the grid Grid Station Site X station site. ;_ J Larkana - Bakrani Road Not to scale Key: - * - - - - Proposed Transmission Line Road - - - - Unpaved road/track - - - - - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course - ------1 11-kV feeder DI: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Cultivation Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Description of the Environment HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 4.18: Feed for Chamber Grid Station Schematic Diagram (Please see the following pages.) e_A_N 4-38 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Schematic Diagram: Tando Allahyar - Chamber Transmission Line (Sheet 1 of 9) Transmi'ssi'on Length (m) Line Feature Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes Tando Allahyar o Start Grid station Pla-in SH, DE, NE, Di, PH _ _ Grid Station co The propsoed route runs _ __80 RoW Plain SH, DE, NE, DI, PH in the existing right of ________way (RoW), between __..__ _160 RoW Plain SH, DE, NE, Di, PH road and building/commercial area X_t_-_-_240 RoW Plain SH, DE, NE, Dl, PH along the road. -320 RoW Plain SH, DE, NE, DI, PH < RoW Plain SH, DE, NE, Dl, PH 400 RoW Plain SH, DE, NE, Di, PH E 480 RoW Plain SH, DE, NE, Dl, PH RoW Plain SH, DE, NE, Dl, PH 5720 RoW Plain SH, DE, NE, Dl, PH 4 800 RoW Plain SH, DE, NE, DI, PH E2880 RoW Plain SH, DE, NE, Dl, PH - 960 RoW Plain SH, DE, NE, DI, PH 96 Khas Plaid SH - --.. , N, -D,P 1,050 450, 0 L RoW Plain SH, DE, NE, Dl, PH * Road crossing SH, DE, NE, Dl, PH ____1,120 4° Canal crossing Plain SE, WC, Dl _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4 5 0, 0 L __1,200 Road crossing SH, DE, DI (Contd. to next sheet) Not to scale Key: - - - - - - Proposed Transmission Line Road ----- Unpaved roaditrack - - - - - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course 1-- - 11-kV feeder Dl: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contaminabon; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Schematic Diagram: Tando Allahyar - Chamber Transmission Line (Sheet 2 of 9) Length (m) Line Feature Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes 1,200 Pla`in SH, DE, Di Contd. from previous sheet 1,400 260, 30' R Plain SH, DE, Di 1,600 Track crossing Cultivation Plain DC, Di Poultry farm right of route 1,800 Cultivation Plain DC, NE, SH Settlement left of route 2,000 Cultivation Plain DC 2,200 Cultivation Plain DC - t 2,400 Track crossing Cultivation Plain DC, Dl, SH, NE Settlement right of route Water course DC, WC, SE, Dl i 2,600 540, 10' L Cultivation Plain ,_, _. 2,700 Drain channel SE, Dl 2, 8C0 Cultivation Plain DC - 3,000 Track crossing Cultivation Plain DC, Dl ..........T.............. 3,100 11 -kV feeder DC, Di 3,200 Cultivation Plain DC . - NE, SH Settlement right of route I 3,400 1Cultivation Plain DC, SH 3,600 Cultivation Plain DC 3,800 Cultivation Plain DC I 4.000 ,_u__va_on_Plain_DC 4,000 Cultivation Plain DC I4,200 Cultivation Plain DC 4,400 Cultivation Plain DC Contd. to next sheet. Not to scale Key: - - - - Proposed Transmission Line Road Unpaved road/track - - - - - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course *-----...-----.---1 11-kV feeder Dl: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contaminabon; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Cultvation Schematic Diagram: Tando Allahyar - Chamber Transmission Line (Sheet 3 of 9) Length (m) Transmission Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes Cu4,400 Cltivation Plain DC Contd. from previous sheet 4,600 Cultivation Plain DC - - - - - - - - 4,800 Track crossing Cultivation Plain DC, Di 5,000 Cultivation Plain DC 5,200 Cultivation Plain DC 5,400 Cultivation Plain DC 5,600 Cultivation Plain DC ......................... .5,800 Road; 1 1-kV feeder Cultivation Plain DC, Di * 6,000 Cultivation Plain DC 6,100 550, 10' L \ 6,200 Cultivation Plain DC 6,400 Cultivation Plain DC 6,560 DC, DI 6,600 Cultivation Plain DC 6,800 Water course Cultivation Plain DC, WC, Di, SE Orchard left of route. Road Di 7,000 Cultivation Plain DC \ 7,200 Cultivation Plain DC 7,360 Canal crossing DC, WC, DI, SE 7,400 Road crossing Cultivation Plain DC, Di 7,600 Cultivation Plain DC Contd. to next sheet. Not to scale Key: - - - - - - Proposed Transmission Line Road - - - Unpaved road/track - - - - * - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course ............- 11 -kV feeder DI: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contaminabon; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Cultivation Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Schematic Diagram: Tando Allahyar - Chamber Transmission Line (Sheet 4 of 9) Length (m) Line Feature Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes 7600 Cultivation Plai~n DC Contd. from previous sheet * _7800 Cultivation Plain DC _ _8,000 Cultivation Plain DC * _8,160 Water course WC, Di, DC, SE 8,200 Cultivation Plain DC 8,400 Cultivation Plain DC ------- --------8,500 Track Di 8,600 _Cultivation Plain DC 8,800 Road Cultivation Plain DC, Di 8,860 Water course WC, Dl, DC, SE 9,000 Cultivation Plain DC 9,200 Water course Cultivation WC, Di, DC, SE 9,400 Cultivation Plain DC 9,500 Track Di 9,600 Cultivation Plain DC 9,830 57°, 10 R Cultivation Plain DC 10,000 Cultivation Plain DC, NE, SH Village left of route. 10,100 Track DI ......................;.,... 10,200 11-kV feeder Cultivation Plain DC, DI 10,400 Cultivation Plain DC Trees right of route. 10,600 Cultivation Plain DC 10,700 Road Plain Di 10,750 77°, 40' L Cultivation Plain DC Contd. to next sheet. Not to scale Key: - - - - * - Proposed Transmission Line Road ----- Unpaved road/track - - - - - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course .1------. - 11-kV feeder DI: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Cultivation Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Schematic Diagram: Tando Allahyar - Chamber Transmission Line (Sheet 5 of 9) Length (m) Line Featuren E Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes 1 75 ultivation Flain DC Contd. from previous sheet 11000 Cultivation Plain DC 11,200 Water course Cultivation Plain WC, Dl, DC, SE 11,400 Cultivation Plain DC - - - - - - 11,600 Track Cultivation Plain DC, Dl, WC hyar - 11,750 Main Road Cultivation Plain DC, DI, SH, WC Tando Allahyar - Chamber Chamber Road 11,900 Minor (canal) WC, Dl, DC, SE Road 12,000 Cultivation Plain DC, WC 12,100 120, 30 R 12,200 Cultivation Plain DC, WC 12,400 Cultivation Plain DC, WC .........H ...,...... 11-kV feeder DI 12,600 Cultivation Plain DC, WC 12,800 Cultivation Plain DC, WC Goth 13,000 Cultivation Plain DC, WC Orchard on the route. 111 3 NE, SH Village left of route. 13,200 Cultivation Plain DC, WC Fazal Orchard on the route. Stop 13,400 Road Cultivation Plain DC, WC, SH, NE Fazal Stop .. .. 13,500 11-kV feeder DI 13,600 Cultivation Plain DC, WC 14,000 Cultivation Plain DC, WC 14,200 Cultivation Plain DC, WC Contd. to next sheet. Not to scale Key: - - - - - - Proposed Transmission Line Road ---- Unpaved road/track - - - - - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course 11............ I - -kV feeder DI: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Cultvation Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Schematic Diagram: Tando Allahyar - Chamber Transmission Line (Sheet 6 of 9) Transmission Length (m) Line Feature Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes T14,200 ZCultivation PainI DC, WC Contd. from previous sheet Chambd r Road IMinor (anal) 14,400 Cultivation Plain DC, WC 14,600 _Cu~ltivation Plain DC, WC / 14,800 110, 30' L Cultivation Plain DC, WC 15,000 Cultivation Plain DC, WC Orchard on the route. - _ _15200 Cultivation Plain DC, WC Stop 15,400 Road Cultivation Plain DC, WC, Di, SH, NE Diarki Stop 15,600 Cultivation Plain DC, WC 15,800 Cultivation DC, WC 16,000 Cultivation Plain DC, WC 16,20 Cultivation Plain DC, WC / A 16,400 480, 20'R Cultivation Plain DC, WC Orchard left of route 16,600 Cultivation Plain DC, WC Minor crossing WC, Dl, DC, SE 16,800 Water course Cultivation Plain WC, Di, DC, SE Trc -, -_--. Tr-ack_ DC, Di 17,000 50°, 40' L Cultivation Plain DC Orchard left of route 17,200 Cultivation Plain DC .......... .. 17,400 11-kV feeder Cultivation Plain DC, DI Contd. to next sheet. Not to scale Key: - - - - - Proposed Transmission Line Road Unpaved road/track - - - - - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course ................ 1 1-kV feeder DI: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Cultvation Schematic Diagram: Tando Allahyar - Chamber Transmission Line (Sheet 7 of 9) Tando Allahyar - Length (m) Transmisture Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes Chambe RoadLine Feature Chamber Road-17,400 Cultivation Plain DC Contd. from previous sheet 17,600 Cultivation Plain DC Sheeshmahal - - - 17,800 Track Cultivation Plain Dl, SH, NE Stop 18,000 Cultivation Plain DC Orchard left of route 18,200 Road Cultivation Plain DI, SH | 18,400 Cultivation Plain DC _ 18,600 Cultivation Plain DC 18,800 Cultivation Plain DC Goth left of route; village right 19000 Road Cultivation Plain DI, DC, SH, NE of route ==19,200 ICultivation Plain DC 19,400 Cultivation Plain DC . 19,600 11-kV feeder Cultivation Plain DC, Dl , 19,800 Cultivation Plain DC _ 20,000 Cultivation Plain DC -_- I 20,200 Track Cultivation Plain DC, DI 20,400 Cultivation Plain DC ' 20,600 Cultivation Plain DC Contd. to next sheet. Not to scale Key: - - - - - Proposed Transmission Line Road Unpaved road/track - - - - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course ................. 1 11-kV feeder Dl: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Cultvation Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Schematic Diagram: Tando Allahyar - Chamber Transmission Line (Sheet 8 of 9) Length (m) Transmission Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes C e ad 0 600 Cultivation Plain DC Contd. from Previous sheet ____;_20,800 Cultivation Plain DC -_-_-:_-_-_-_-_21,000 Cultivation Plain Dl, DC _21,200 Uncultivated Plain .... ............. 21,400 11 -kV feeder Uncultivated Plain Dl Karachi 21,600 Road Uncultivated Plain DI, SH, NE Hotel ; 21,800 Uncultivated Plain . 22,000 - Uncultivated Plain 22,200 Uncultivated Plain 22,400 Uncultivated Plain _ 22,600 330, 301 Cultivation Plain DC ; 22,800 Cultivation Plain DC, Di 23,000 Water course Cultivation Plain WC, DI, DC, SE 23,200 Cultivation Plain DC \ 23,400 Cultivation Plain DC ............ ... 11-kV feeder DC, DI \ 23,600 Cultivation Plain DC 23,800 Cultivation Plain DC Contd. to next sheet. Not to scale Key: - - - - - - - Proposed Transmission Line Road - - - - - Unpaved road/track - - - - - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course 1.. 1 11-kV feeder Dl: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Cultivation Schematic Diagram: Tando Allahyar - Chamber Transmission Line (Sheet 9 of 9) TandoTransmission Tando Length (m) L Feature Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes Chamber 23,800 Cultivation Pla`in DC Contd. from previous sheet Road Water course WC, Dl, DC, SE 24,000 Cultivation Plain DC 24,200 Cultivation Plain DC 24,400 Cultivation Plain DC 24,600 Cultivation Plain DC 24,800 Road Cultivation Plain Dl, SH 25,000 Water course Cultivation Plain WC, Dl, DC, SE 25,200 Cultivation Plain DC 25,400 Cultivation Plain DC Track Dl 25,600 Cultivation Plain DC Track Dl 25,800 Cultivation Plain DC - - - - - - - Track Di 26,000 Cultivation Plain DC 26,200 Cultivation Plain DC 26,400 Cultivation Plain DC 26,600 Cultivation Plain DC _ __ z n25°, O'R * 26,800 Cultivation Plain DC, NE, SH 27,000 Grid Station Cultivation Plain DC, LA, SH, WC, DE, A small settlement near grid Chme rdNE, DI station site Key: - * - ' - Proposed Transmission Line Road ---- Unpaved road/track Not to scale - - - - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course ............. 1 1-kV feeder Dl: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission Cultivation Description of the Environment HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 4.19: Feed for Tando Bago Grid Station Schematic Diagram (Please see the following pages.) eLAN 4-48 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Schematic Diagram: Feed for Tando Bago Grid Station (Sheet I of 2) Village - * F Length (m) Line Feature Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes e 0 ee-off Uncultivated Plain SH, NE Tee-off from the existing Track Dl Pangrio-Badin transmission - 0 125 Cultivation Plain DC line. Water course Dl, WC, SE 250 Cultivation Plain DC s Water course Dl, WC, SE * 375 Water course Cultivation Plain DC, WC, Di, SE 220, OR I 500 , Cultivation Plain DC I 625 Cultivation Plain DC 750 Track Cultivation Plain DC ----- - -- -- -- Track _____DI ________ 875 Water course Cultivation Plain DC, WC, Dl, SE 1,000 Cultivation Plain DC - - - - - - - - - - - - Track Dl 1 1,125 Cultivation Plain DC 1,250 Cultivation Plain DC 1,375 Cultivation Plain DC 1,500 Cultivation Plain DC I 1,625 Cultivation Plain DC 1,750 Cultivation Plain DC Water course Dl, WC, SE --- - - - - - - -- 1,875 Track Cultivation Plain DC, DI 2,000 Cultivation Plain DC Cont'd to next sheet Not to scale Key: - - - - - - - Proposed Transmission Line Road ----- Unpaved road/track - - - - - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course ............. 1 11-kV feeder DI: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Cultivaton Schematic Diagram: Feed for Tando Bago Grid Station (Sheet 2 of 2) Transmission Length (im) Linesmission Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes C eultivation ain DC Cont'd from previous sheet. 2,200 . Track Cultivation Plain DC, Dl Water course WC, SE, Dl 2,400 Cultivation Plain DC ------------ - - 2,600 Track Cultivation Plain DC, Di Water course WC, SE, Dl | 2,800 Cultivation Plain DC . 3,000 Cultivation Plain DC 3,200 Cultivation Plain DC I Water course WC, SE, Di 3,400 Cultivation Plain DC I 3,570 Cultivation Plain DC Grid station site l DC, LA, SH, SE, Di, NE Tando Bago grid station site Poly-technic \ College _ Not to scale Key: - - - - Proposed Transmission Line Road --- - Unpaved road/track - - - - - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course 1.....-. - 11-kV feeder DI: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Cultvation Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Description of the Environment HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 4.20: Feed for Matiari Grid Station Schematic Diagram (Please see the following page.) e 4-51 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Schematic Diagram: Feed for Matiari Grid Station (Sheet I of 1) Length (m) Transmission Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes Existing Hala Road - Hala Transmission Line Line Feature 0 Tee-off Cultivation Plain *, t 50 75 1 1-kV feeder Cultivation Plain Di, DC, SH, DE Vilae aout m 100 Water course Cultivation Pslain 0DI, DC, WC, NE of the route 150 160, 15 R . Cultivation Plain DC \ . 200 - - Uncultivated Plain 250 - Uncultivated Plain - . 300 - Cultivation Plain DC - 330 Water courses, track Cultivation Plain Dl, DC, WC, SE 350 . - Cultivation Plain DC - 400 Cultivation Plain DC *1450 Cultivation Plain DC i 500 Cultivation Plain DC - 550 Orchard Plain DC 6, 600 Orchard Plain DC 650 - Orchard Plain DC 700 - Orchard Plain DC , . 750 - Cultivation Plain DC 800 - Cultivation Plain DC Graveyard left of route 820 Grid Station Plain PH, WC Nottca Matiari Grid Station Key: - . - . - . -., Proposed Transmission Line Road ..... 11-kV feeder - - - - - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course Dl: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust Cultivation National highway emissions; SH: Safety hazards; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Description of the Environment HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 4.21: Feed for Kandiari Grid Station Schematic Diagram (Please see the following page.) 4-53 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Schematic Diagram: Feed for Kandiari Grid Station (Sheet I of 1) Existing Sanghar - Mirpur Khas Transmission Line Length (m) Trans ssiaon Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes -0 4._______ _ Te_e-o f f Cultivation Plain DC 125 Cultivation Plain DC I t190, 30' L _ 250 Cultivation Plain DC I 375 Cultivation Plain DC Autaq 500 Track Cultivation Plain DC, Dl, SH, NE Village right of route. 625 Cultivation Plain DC 750 Cultivation Plain DC Water course WC, SE, Di 1 875 Cultivation Plain DC ............... ....... .. ...........1 11-kV feeder _ 1,000 Cultivation Plain DC ' 1,125 Cultivation Plain DC Water course WC, SE, DI 1,250 _ Cultivation Plain DC | 1,375 Cultivation Plain DC 1 1,500 Cultivation Plain DC 440, 10' R . 1,625 Cultivation Plain DC A-. P , Road; water course Di, WC, SE 1,750 11 -kV feeders Cultivation Plain DC, Dl Water course DC, WC, SE, Dl Orchard on the route Kandiari 1,870 Grid station Cultivation Plain SH, WC, DE Grd Station Not to scale Key: - - - - - - - Proposed Transmission Line Road Unpaved road/track - - - - - - - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course ..*--- 1 11-kV feeder Dl: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Cultivation Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards, LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. * 4 t V Description of the Environment HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 4.22: Jacobabad - Humayun Transmission Line Schematic Diagram (Please see the following pages.) eLAIIN 4-55 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S04 Schematic Diagram: Humayun - Jacobabad Transmission Line (Sheet I of 7) Length (in) Trans ssiaon Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes - HuayunLin, Feature n0 Start Grid stationf Plain WC, SH, DC 200 Cultivation Plain DC -Water course DI, WC, SE, DC 400 66-kV tr'n line Cultivation Plain DC, DI 6 0 Cultivation Plain DC -_--__-_--_.Track DI . 800 54°, 30' R Water course Cultivation Plain Dl, WC, SE, DC * 1,000 Cultivation Plain DC .............. .. .... 11-kV feeder DI I 1,200 Road Cultivation Plain DC, Dl - __- v - - - . Track DI * 1,400 Cultivation Plain DC Water course - Dl, WC, SE, DC 1600Cultivation Plain DC = Cultivation Plain DC 2,000 Cultivation Plain DC 2 Cultivation Plain DC Drain channel Dl, WC, SE, DC 2,400 Cultivation Plain DC ............. .. ..... 1 11-kV feeder - 2,600Water course Cultivation Plain Dl, WC, SE, DC, NE Villages left of route. ,2,800 Cultivation Plain DC . 2 Water course DI, WC, SE, DC * 3,000 Cultivation Plain DC 66-kV trn line DC, DI - - -' - - -. 3,200 Track Cultivation Plain DC, Dl -__ ._-_ W ater course lul, WC, SE, DC (Contd. to next sheet) Not to scale Key: - - - - * - Proposed Transmission Line Road ----- Unpaved road/track - * - * - * - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course ................. 1 1-kV feeder DI: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Cultivation Loss of natural vegetation, SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Schematic Diagram: Humayun - Jacobabad Transmission Line (Sheet 2 of 7) Transmission Length (m) LinesFeature Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes =ultivation Plain DC Contd. From previous sheet ;_3,400 Cultivation Plain DC ............_.. I 11-kV feeder DI _ _3,600 Cultivation Plain DC ___ X___Water course DI, WC, SE, DC - -- -3,800 Water course Cultivation Plain DI, WC, SE, DC -_- -_- -_- -_--_- -_-Track D I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4,000 Water course Cultivation Plain Dl, WC, SE, DC 120, 12' L NE, SH Village right of route. * 4,200 Cultivation Plain DC 4 W c400 Cultivation Plain DC Water course Cultivation Plain DI, WC, SE, DC .-.-NE, SH Village right of route =4,80 Cultivation Plain DC 5,000 Canal Cultivation Plain Dl, WC, SE, DC Track DI - - - - 5,200 Track Cultivation Plain DC, Dl - - - -_ Track Dl, NE, SH Village right of route j 5,400 20, 5' L Cultivation Plain DC ........................................._._ 11-kV feeder DI _ 5,600 Water course Cultivation Plain DI, WC, SE, DC = 5,800 Cultivation Plain DC Water pond on the route 6,000 5°, 20 R Cultivation Plain DC, NE, SH Village rght of route -_-_,_6,200 Cultivation Plain DC NE, SH Village right of route 6,400 _Cultivation _Plain _DC I I I , (Contd. to next sheet) Not to scale Key: - - - - Proposed Transmission Line Road - - - - Unpaved road/track - - - - * - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course *------------ 1 1-kV feeder Dl: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Cultivation Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Schematic Diagram: Humayun - Jacobabad Transmission Line (Sheet 3 of 7) Length (m) Lransmtssion Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes 6,u400 Cuti-vation Plain DC Contd. From previous sheet _ 6,600 Cultivation Plain DC 6_800 Cultivation Plain DC 7,000 Cultivation Plain DC 7,200 Cultivation Plain DC 400 Cultivation Plain DC 1 7,600 Cultivation Plain DC 7,800 Cultivation Plain DC Cultivation Plain DC - - _a_. NE, SH Village right of route - - .r ri 8,200 Road Cultivation Plain DC, Dl, SH Graveyard left of route l_1_______NE, SH Village rightof route ___ __ - _-_ . _ 8 , 4 00_track Cultivation Plain DC, DI, SH ... , .11-kV feeder Dl 8,600 Cultivation Plain DC ................... .............. - , - --t1 11-kV feeder Cultivation Plain DC, DI Track NE, SH, Dl Village left of route 9,000 Cultivation Plain DC 9.200 Cultivation Plain DC 9,400 Cultivation Plain DC 9,_00 Cultivation Plain DC l_ - (t:ontd. to next sheet) Not to scale Key: - - - - Proposed Transmission Line Road - - - - Unpaved road/track - - - - - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course * - - 11-kV feeder Dl: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Cultivation Schematic Diagram: Humayun - Jacobabad Transmission Line (Sheet 4 of 7) - = L m Transmission Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes C,0 ieFaueZultFivation- Mai DC Co-ntd r-om previous sheet ....1 . 9,800 11-kV feeder Cultivation Plain DC, Dl - - - - r- ---- - Track Di .-_10,000 Cultivation Plain DC, NE, SH Village left of route 12 Cultivation Plain DC 10,400 70, 40' L Cultivation Plain DC 10,600 Cultivation Plain DC 10,800 Cultivation Plain DC Water course Dl, WC, SE .11,000 Cultivation Plain DC 11,200 Cultivation Plain DC, NE, SH Village left of route I Canal Dl, WC, SE 11,400 Water course Cultivation Plain DC, WC, SE, Di 11,600 Cultivation Plain DC .................... ......._-....._ 11-kV feeder Dl - - - - - - - - - - 11,800 Track Cultivation Plain DC, DI, NE, SH Village left of route I 12,000 Cultivation Plain DC . Canal Di, WC, SE _ 12,200 Cultivation Plain DC . Canal Dl, WC, SE ' 12,400 Cultivation Plain DC _____ _ 40 4°20' L 12,600 11-kV feeder Cultivation Plain DC, Dl 1 12,800 Cultivaion lain DC ._ _l_ ((ontd. to next sheet) Not to scale Key: - - - - Proposed Transmission Line Road - - - - Unpaved road/track - - - - - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course ............... * 1 -kV feeder Dl: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Cultivation Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Schematic Diagram: Humayun - Jacobabad Transmission Line (Sheet 5 of 7) Length (m) Transmission Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes Line Feature 12,800 Cultivation Plain- DC Contd. From previous sheet 13,000 Cultivation Plain DC 13,200 Cultivation Plain DC , 13.400 Culibvation Plain DC Road D 13,600 Culbvation Plain DC, NE, SH Agricultural Training Institute Uclvt Plain NE, SH Village left of route ....... , 14,000 11-kV feeder Uncultivated Plain DI 14,200 Uncultvated Plain 14,400 Road Uncultivated Plain DI Graveyard right of track 14,600 Uncultivated Plain _ Road DI n 14800Uncultivated Plain Water course WC, SE, DI, NE, SH Village left of route '_C}_=_15,000 Water course Unculbvated Plain NC, SE, DI 15,200 Water course Unculbvated Plain WC, SE, DI, NE Village right of route. SH 1 1 -kV feeder Uncultivated Plain DI Road DI 15_600 Water course Cultivation Plain DC, WC, SE, Dl ._____ _ 120, 20' L 15800 .Cultivation Plain DC _ 16,000 Cultivation _P_ain DC I I (Contd. to next sheet) Not to scale Key: - - - - Proposed Transmission Line Road Unpaved road/track - - - - - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course *--------- 1 1-kV feeder DI: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contaminabon; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Cultivation Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Schematic Diagram: Humayun - Jacobabad Transmission Line (Sheet 6 of 7) Length (i) Transmission Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes C---00Zulti-vation l5aFin DC Co-ntd r-o-mprevious sheet 7 Water course . WC, SE, Dl 16,200 Cultivation Plain DC _*_16,400 Culbvation Plain DC - - - - - - Track DI \._16,600 Cultivation Plain DC 16,800 Cultivation Plain DC x Water course WC, SE, Dl 17,000 300, 32' R Cultivation Plain DC ............ ......,........ 11-kV feeder Dl ___17,200 Road Cultivation Plain DC, Dl Jacobabad Bypass Road .___'-_Canal WC, SE, Dl \ 17,400 Cultivation Plain DC ' 17,600 Cultivation Plain DC _ t / 17,800 Culbvation Plain DC Water course WC, SE, Dl 18,000 Cultivation Plain DC City outskirts 18,200 Cultivation Plain SH Cultivation Plain SH 18,600 Cultivation Plain SH 18,800 530, 0' R Cultivation Plain SH 19,000 350, 30' R Cultivation Plain SH 4 Drain channel SE, DI I19200 Cultvation Plain SH I - .(Contd. to next sheet) ~ Not to scale Key: - - -- - Proposed Transmission Line Road Unpaved road/track - - - - - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course 1---------- 1-kV feeder Dl: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contaminabon; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Cultivation Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Schematic Diagram: Humayun - Jacobabad Transmission Line (Sheet 7 of 7) Transmission Land Length (m) Line Feature Infrastructure Land Use Form Impacts Notes 19,200 32' Residential 1Taiin SH, NE, DE Contd. From previous sheet 30', 32' L and 19,400 Railway track commercial Plain Dl, SH, DE Commercial area left of route __' ' '_'_'___'._'_'_,_Under construction colony right 19,600 180, 30 L Plain SH, NE, DE of route Shikarpur - 19,800 Main Road Plain SH, DE, NE, Dl Residential area left of route -Jacobabad I \ Road 20,000 6°, 10' L Plain SH, NE, DE Commercial area along the road 20,200 __ _ _ _ _ _ _Plain =__;___20,200 _____ SH, NE, DE The proposed transmission line 20,400 Plain will use some towers of the ____ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ _ __ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ existing transm ission line. 20,600 70, 25' L Railway track Residential Plain Di, NE, DE, SH I The transmission line would pass 20,800 Residential Plain SH, NE, DE over the thickly populated - settlement. Jacobabad 20,980 Grid station Grid station Plain WC, NE, SH Grid Station Not to scale Key: - - ---- - Proposed Transmission Line Road ---- Unpaved road/track -- - - - - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course ....... 1 1 -kV feeder DI: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. I a a Description of the Environment HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 4.23: Samaro - Naukot Transmission Line Schematic Diagram (Please see the following pages.) eLAN 4-63 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S04 Schematic Diagram: Samaro - Naukot Transmission Line (Sheet I of 9) Samaro Grid Length () TInfrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes I Station ILine Feature__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \\ 0 Samaro Grid Station Grid station Plain DC 11 -kV feeders; road \ 400 57°, 0' L Cultivation Plain DC Minor, road Di, WC, SE 800 11-kV feeder Cultivation Plain DC, Dl 1,200 Track; 11-kV feeder Cultivation Plain DC, Di ..... ....., 1,600 Water course Cultivation Plain DC, WC, SE, Dl 2,000 -Cultivation Plain DC, NE, SH Village right of route T-------------- rack D ------- --------------------- 2,400 Track Cultivation Plain DC, Dl, NE, SH Village right of route 2,800 Cultivation Plain DC 1 3,200 Cultivation Plain DC Water course SE, WC, Di | 3,600 Cultivation Plain DC Road Dl 4,000 50, 50' L Culbvation Plain DC 4,400 Cultivation Plain DC Water courses SE, WC, Dl 4,800 Cultivation Plain DC, NE, SH Village left of route l _ 5,200 atercourse Cultivation Plain DC I 5,600 Cultivation Plain DC ............ ,,- 11-kV feeder DI 6,000 Road Cultivation Plain DC, Di *Minor (canal) WC, SE, Di 6,400 Cultivation Plain DC I .__ _ l (Contd. to next sheet) Not to scale Key: - . - . . . . Proposed Transmission Line Road Unpaved road/track - * - * - * - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course .-.-----.- 1 1-kV feeder Dl: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Cultivation Schematic Diagram: Samaro - Naukot Transmission Line (Sheet 2 of 9) Length (m) Transmission Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes Line Feature ______ 6,400 Cultivation Plain 5DC Cont'd from previous sheet - - - - - 6,800 Track Cultivation Plain DC, Dl, SH, NE Village right of route. 7,200 Cultivation Plain DC 7,600 Cultivation Plain DC 8,000 Cultivation Plain DC 8,400 Road Uncultivated Plain DI 50, 40' R __ _ _ _ _ _ 8,800 Uncultivated Plain i 9,200 Cultivation Plain DC X 9,600 Cultivation Plain DC 10,000 Uncultivated Plain Minor (canal) WC, SE, Dl 10,400 Orchard Uncultivated Plain DC 10,800 Cultivation Plain DC 11,200 Cultivation Plain DC2, NE, SH Village right of route. Water course WC, SE, Dl 11,600 260, 10' R Cultivation Plain DC ...... ..... LT feeders Di ........................ .. 4 12,000 Cultivation Plain DC !9, Orchard DC 0.......... t LT feeder Cultivation Plain DC, Dl 12,800 Water course Culbvation IPlain DC, WC, SE, Dl, Village left of route. ISH, NE (Contd. to next sheet) Not to scale Key: . - . - . Proposed Transmission Line Road --- Unpaved road/track - .- - . - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course *-------- 1 1-kV/LT feeder Dl: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Loss of Cultivation natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Schematic Diagram: Samaro - Naukot Transmission Line (Sheet 3 of 9) Length (m) Transmission Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes Line Feature 12,800 ultivation Piain DC Cont'd from previous sheet 13,200 Cultivation Plain DC, Dl 13,600 Cultivation Plain DC .................... .......... . D i 14,000 Cultivation Plain DC 14,400 Cultivation Plain DC 14,800 Cultivation Plain DC 15,200 150, 10' R Cultivation Plain DC Water course WC, SE, Dl 15,600 Cultivation Plain DC Track Di 16,000 Water course Culbvation Plain DC, WC, SE, Dl -A 1Stagnant water 16,400 Cultivation Plain DC 16,800 Cultivation Plain DC Road; water course Dl, WC, SE 17,200 Water course Cultivation Plain DC, WC, SE, Dl Road Dl 17,600 Cultivation Plain DC 100, 10. L 18,000 Cultivation Plain DC 18,400 Cultivation Plain DC 18,800 Cultivation Plain DC Water course WC, SE, Dl, NE, SH Village left of route. 1 Cultivation Plain DC (Contd. to next sheet) Not to scale Key: - . - .- . - Proposed Transmission Line Road - - - - - Unpaved road/track - - . - . - .. Existing transmission Line Canal/water course 1--------- - 11-kV/LT feeder DI: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Loss of natural vegetabon; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Culbivation Schematic Diagram: Samaro - Naukot Transmission Line (Sheet 4 of 9) Transmission Length (m) Line Feature Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes 19,200 Cultivation Plain DC Cont'd from previous sheet 19, 600 Cultivation Plain DC - - Track; 11-kV feeder Di 20,000 Road Culbvation Plain DC, Dl 20,400 Cultivation Plain DC A Road DI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ............... ................ -20,800 11-kV feeder Cultivation Plain DC, Dl , . 21,200 LT feeder Cultivation Plain DC, Dl 2r1,600 250, 20 R Culbvation Plain DC, NE, SH Village right of route. F-- Road Di, SH, NE Village left of route. t I 1 22,000 280, 10' L Culbivation Plain DC NE, SH Village left of route. =22,400 Cultivation Plain DC = 22,800 Cultivation Plain DC, NE, SH Village right of route. 23,200 Water course Cultivation Plain DC, WC, SE, Di - - - - -- - - - - - Track DC, NE, SH, Di Village left of route. 23,600 Cultivation Plain DC 24,000 Cultivation Plain DC 24,400 Cultivation Plain DC ......................... ..........1... 24,800 11-kV feeder; road Cultivation Plain DC, DI Minor (canal) WC, SE, DI 25,200 250, 20 L Cultivation Plain DC 25,600 Cultivation Plain DC I \ l Contd. to next sheet) Not to scale Key: - . . . . - Proposed Transmission Line Road --- - Unpaved road/track - .- . - . - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course ................. 11-kV/LT feeder DI: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Loss of Cultivation natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Schematic Diagram: Samaro - Naukot Transmission Line (Sheet 5 of 9) Length (m) Line Feature Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes 25,600 Cu7tltvation PTain DC Cont'd from previous sheet 26,000 Cultivation Plain DC 26,400 Cultivation Plain DC iNE, SH Village right of route. 26,800 Cultivation Plain DC __________ 27I 2,20 0 Road Cultivation Plain DC, Di, SH, NE Village left of route. ,600 Cultivation Plain DC, NE, SH Village left of route. 28,000 80, 10' R UnculUvated Plain 28,400 Uncultivated Plain 28,800 Uncultivated Plain 29,200 Uncultivated Plain 29,600 Uncultivated Plain 30,000 Cultivation Plain DC __________ 30,400 Cultivation Plain DC 30,800 Cultivation Plain DC 31,200 Cultivation Plain DC 312 40C, 0' L 31,00 Cultivation Plain DC, NE, SH Village left of route. 32,000 Cultivation Plain DC I I k(Contd. to next she-e-t) Not to scale Key: . . . . . Proposed Transmission Line Road Unpaved road/track - .- . - . - Existing transmission Line . Canal/water course * ........... - 11-kV/LT feeder DI: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Loss of Cultvation natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Schematic Diagram: Samaro - Naukot Transmission Line (Sheet 6 of 9) Length (m) Transmission Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes Line Feature 32000 Uncultivated Plain Cont'd from previous ;_ sheet 32,400 Uncultivated Plain 32800 Uncultivated Plain 33,200 Uncultivated Plain Road Di /_ 33,600 Uncultivated Plain to_,hudo , 0 34,000 5°. 0' R Road Cultivation Plain DC, Di ____to Nabisar NE, SH Village right of route. 34,400 Cultivation Plain DC 34,800 Cultivation Plain DC - _.-_.-_.L - - - - - - 66-kV trans'n line Dl *_35_200 Cultivation Plain DC 35,600 Cultivation Plain DC 36,000 Track Cultivation Plain DC, Dl, NE, SH Village left of route. Water course WC, SE, Dl, SH, NE Village right of route. r_ __-_ 36_400 Cultivation Plain DC 36,800 52°, 0' R Cultivation Plain DC 37,200 Uncultivated Plain 37,600 Cultivation Plain DC 38,000 Water course Cultivation Plain DC, WC, SE, Dl - - - - - -- Canal and tracks Dl, WC, SE 38 I0 rac Cutvbn IPlain DC Dl - . -. - . - -. - 38,4 Cultivatio DC, Dicont to next sheet) Not to scale Key: - . - . . . Proposed Transmission Line Road Unpaved road/track - .- - . - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course ............ 11-kV/LT feeder Dl: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Loss of Cultivation natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Schematic Diagram: Samaro - Naukot Transmission Line (Sheet 7 of 9) Length (m) Transmission Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes 38,400 Cultivation lain DC Cont'd from previous Water course Di, WC, SE sheet 38,800 Cultivation Plain DC Water course Dl, WC, SE, NE, SH Village right of route. - - - - - - 39,200 Track, water course Cultivation Plain DC, Di, WC, SE -_- | C ilWater course DI, WC, SE 7| 39,600 Cultivation Plain DC, NE, SH Village left of route. 40,000 Cultivation Plain DC 40,400 340, 0 R Cultivation Plain DC ----- ---- - Track DI 40,800 Cultivation Plain DC -, - - - - I 41,200 Track Cultivation Plain DC, Dl NE, SH Village left of route. 41,600 Water course Cultivation Plain DC, Di, WC, SE - Water courses DI, WC, SE 42, 000 Track Cultivation Plain DC, Dl 42,400 Cultivation Plain DC 42,800 Water course Cultivation Plain DC, Dl, WC, SE t Water course Di, WC, SE *43,200 Cultivation Plain DC Water course Dl, WC, SE, NE, SH Village right of route. - 43,600 Cultivation Plain DC -- Tracks DI 44,000 Water course; road Cultivation Plain DC, Dl, WC, SE 44,400 Water course; track Cultivation Plain DC, Di, WC, SE .................. .......-......... 11-kV feeder Di 44,800 Cultivation Plain DC, Dl, WC, SE (Contd. to next sheet) Not to scale Key: . . . . . * Proposed Transmission Line Road Unpaved road/track - .- . - . - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course *--------------- 1 1-kV/LT feeder Dl: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Cultivation Schematic Diagram: Samaro - Naukot Transmission Line (Sheet 8 of 9) Length (m) Transmission Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes 44,800 Cultivation 1Faln DC Cont'd from previous - Road Dl sheet 45,200 Cultivation Plain DC - Water course WC, SE, Dl 45,600 Cultivation Plain DC - - - Water course; track WC, SE, Dl, NE, SH Village right of route. ..:= ................... 46,000 1 1-kV feeder Cultivation Plain DC, Dl Water courses; track WC, SE, Dl 46,400 Cultivation Plain DC 18°. O' L 46,800 Cultivation Plain DC Fish pond right of route. -47,200 Water course Cultvation Plain DC, WC, SE, Dl, NE, SH Village left of route. Water course WC, SE, Dl 47,600 Water course Cultvation Plain DC, WC, SE, Dl Village right of route. Water course WC, SE, Di Village left of route. j \ r 48 000 Cultivation Plain DC Road DI Fish pond left of route. 48,400 Cultivation Plain DC, Dl NE, SH Village left of route. l_48,800 Cultivation Plain DC 49,200 Track. Water course Cultivation Plain DC, Dl, WC, SE I I _____-_ Road; 1 1-kV feeder Dl, NE, SH Village right of route. 49,600 Water course Culbvation Plain DC, WC, SE, Dl Water course WC, SE, Dl 50,000 Water courses Culbvation Plain DC, WC, SE, Dl Canal WC, SE, Di 50,400 Cultivation Plain DC Track; water course DC, WC, SE, Di *50,800 Cultivation Plain DC _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_t_-_Track Dl 151,200 Cultivation Plain DC I I (Contd. to next sheet) Not to scale Key: . . . * . . . Proposed Transmission Line Road Unpaved road/track .- * - .- * - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course 1....---- 1-kV/LT feeder Dl: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Loss of Cultivation natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Schematic Diagram: Samaro - Naukot Transmission Line (Sheet 9 of 9) Length (m) Transmission Infrastructure Land Use Land Form Impacts Notes Line Feature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51, 20 ClTivation Piain DC Cont'd from previous trr Track, Rail track Di sheet 51,600 Road Culbvation Plain DC, Di 52,000 370, 0' R Water course Cutibvation Plain DC, WC, SE, Di Water course WC, SE, Dl, SH, NE Village left of track 52-400 Water course Culbivation Plain DC, WC, SE, Dl 800 Cultivation Plain DC Road, water course Di, WC, SE 53,2 Cultivation Plain DC NE, SH Village right of route. -_=___53,600 Cultivation Plain DC Track, 11-kV feeder Di 54,000 Water course; track Cultivation Plain DC, WC, SE, Dl . r___. _NE, SH Village left of track rr_ _ _ _ ___ 54,400 _ Cultivation Plain DC, NE, SH Village right of route. 52°, 0 R Road Dl 54,800 Road, track Cultivation Plain DC, Dl lRoad D ............ 51 11-kV feeder Culbvation Plain DC, Dl LRoad Dl 0 Water course Cultivation Plain DC, WC, SE, Dl Water course; 1 1-kV feeder Dl, WC, SE 55,960 Naukot Grid Station Cultvation Plain WC, SH, NE Naukot Grid Station Not to scale Key: - - . - . - Proposed Transmission Line Road Unpaved road/track - .- - . - Existing transmission Line Canal/water course 1...............- 1-kV/LT feeder Dl: Damage to infrastructure; DC: Damage to crops; WC: Water contamination; SE: Soil erosion; DE: Dust emissions; LV: Loss of natural vegetation; SH: Safety hazards; LA: Land acquisition; PH: Public Health; NE: Noise emission. Cultvation HESCO 6' STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 5 Description of the Socioeconomic Conditions This Chapter describes the general socioeconomic conditions of the HESCO area before the commencement of the proposed activities. The site-specific socioeconomic description of the area is provided in Appendix E of this report; Exhibits 4.13 to 4.23 also show some socioeconomic features at and around the project sites (grid station locations and transmission line routes). In view of the absence of any major development activities underway at or around the project sites or any other natural/anthropogenic phenomenon, the socioeconomic conditions of the project sites are unlikely to experience any significant change before the project commencement. 5.1 Administrative Setup As described in Section 3.1.1, the HESCO area consists of the entire Sindh Province, except the Karachi City and parts of the Thatta district. Exhibit 5.1 provides an administrative map of the area. Of these, the project components are located in Hyderabad', Jacobabad2, Larkana, Shikarpur, Sanghar, Badin, Thatta and Mirpur Khas districts (a limited portion of the Samaro - Naukot transmission line is located just inside the Umerkot district). Much like rest of the country, the districts in the project area now have their respective district governments with the elected representatives as well as government functionaries. The district government is headed by the Nazim, who is a public representative elected by the people; while the government functionaries in the district include the District Coordination Officer (DCO) and Executive District Officers (EDOs). The EDO (Revenue) is the officer relevant for land acquisition in the district. 5.2 Socioeconomic Description 5.2.1 Overview Sindh is the second largest province of Pakistan. The neighboring regions are Balochistan to the west and north, Punjab in the north, Rajasthan (India) to the east and the Arabian Sea and Gujarat (India) to the south (Exhibit 5.1 presents a map of the Province). The province forms the lower Indus basin and lies between 230 and 280 North latitudes and 660 and 710 East longitudes. It is about 579 km in length from north to south and nearly 442 km in its extreme breadth (281 km average). It covers an area of 140,914 km2. The districts in the project area are situated in lower, central and upper Sindh. Thatta and Badin are the lower Sindh districts, Hyderabad, Mirpur Khas and Sanghar fall in the central part of Sindh, while the upper Sindh districts include Larkana, Shikarpur and Jacobabad. These districts are spread over the total area of 58,466 kM2, which is about Hyderabad district has been subdivided recently to carve out new districts (Tando Allahyar, Matiari and Tando Mohammad Khan). 2 Jacobabad district has been subdivided to carve out a new district (Kashmore). 5-1 July 2007 FRTO7VO3HES-S05 Description of the Socioeconomic Conditions HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 41.49 percent of the total area of Sindh. The total population of these eight districts is about 11.732 million which is about 38.45 percent of the total population of Sindh. Thatta is largest district in terms of area among the districts in the project area, whereas Shikarpur is the smallest district. Hyderabad is the most populous district, with a population of 2.89 million, whereas Shikarpur is the least populous district in the project area with a population of 0.88 million. Population density is highest in Hyderabad to the extent of 523.9 persons per km2 and lowest in Thatta district to the extent of 64.1 persons per km2. Exhibit 5.2 provides population data and area of these districts. 5.2.2 Historical Background The earliest authentic history of Sindh dates from the time when Alexander the Great abandoned his scheme of conquest towards the Ganges, alarmed at the discontent of his soldiers. He embarked a portion of the army in boats, floated them down the Jhelum and the Chenab, and marched the remainder on the banks of the river till he came to the Indus. At that time Sindh was in the possession of the Hindus, the last of their rulers was Raja Sahasi, whose dynasty governed the kingdom for over two thousand years. In the sixth century BC, the Persians invaded Sindh. They defeated and slew the monarch in a pitched battle and plundered the province and then left. Eight years after his accession to the Persian throne, Darius I extended his authority as far as the Indus. The Arab conquest of Sindh by Muhammad Bin Qasim in 712 AD gave the Muslims a firm foothold on the sub-continent. The description of Hiun Tsang, a Chinese historian, leaves no doubt that the social and economic restrictions inherent in the caste differentiations of Hindu society had however, gradually sapped the inner vitality of the social system and Sindh fell without much resistance before the Muslim armies. In the 10th century, native people replaced the Arab rule in Sindh. Samma and Soomra dynasties ruled Sindh for long. These dynasties produced some rulers who obtained fame due to judicious dispensation and good administration. In the 16tr century Sindh was included in the Mughal Empire, and for a hundred and fifty years the chiefs paid tribute, but only as often as they were compelled to do so, to the Mughal Emperors in Delhi. In the 17th century, Kalhoras captured political power in the north western Sindh under the leadership of Mian Nasir Muhammad. Later, the lower Sindh with Thatta as its capital also came under the Kalhora administration. In the 18th century, Talpurs replaced Kalhoras as Sindh rulers. In 1843 Sindh lost its independence the British regime. The Talpurs were defeated on the battlefields of Miani, Dubba and Kunhera and taken prisoners. Charles Napier who commanded the troops subsequently became the first Governor of the province of Sindh, which was annexed to the Bombay Presidency in 1843. It was after a long struggle that the cause of Sindh was supported by the Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah when he brought in his famous 14-points the demand of Sindh's separation from Bombay Presidency. Sir Agh Khan, G. M. Syed, Sir Abdul Qayyum Khan and many other Indian leaders also played their pivotal role in getting Sindh separated from the Bombay Presidency in 1936. After the independence of the country in 1947, Sindh maintained its status as a separate province. e_ 5-2 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S05 Description of the Socioeconomic Conditions HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 5.2.3 Culture and Customs Sindh province has rich culture, customs and traditions. Various parts of the project area have almost similar culture and customs with slight differences on the basis of ethnic and religious groups. Being traditional Muslims there is a greater influence of the Arabian culture, however, the traces of Hindu, Buddhism and other religious thoughts are also present in the cultural attitudes and approaches of the local communities. The Pirs and Murshids (religious leaders, saints) are held in high esteem and confidence amongst the Muslims particularly in the uneducated and poor class of the rural areas. Annual festivals at the shrines of saints are regularly held in which people very enthusiastically take part. Similarly, the Hindus also hold great confidence and reverence in Thakurs and Brahmans (the higher castes). The Brahmans usually perform spiritual rites of Hindus on special occasions. Sindhi is the common language in the project area whereas Siraiki, Balochi, Brohi and Urdu are also spoken in various parts of the province. 5.2.4 Ethnicity and Castes Majority of the population in the project area is Muslim and Sindhis. The castes mainly living in Thatta and Badin districts include Jokhio, Soomra. Sammo, Syed, Memon, Khoja, Rind, Lashari, Mekrani, Brohi, Chandio, Jat, Burfat, Chang, Jakhra, Palara, Sheikh, Qureshi, Gada, Khaskheli, Gandra, and Machhi. A large number of Hindus also live in both the districts. The population of Hyderabad is a mixture of various heterogeneous groups and cultures. The main races are Talpurs, Syeds, Balochs, Soomra, Mirza, Sheikhs, Memon, Khatris, Qureshis and Abbasis. Besides, a large number of Urdu-speaking migrants from India are also settled here, in addition to some Pashtuns (pathans) and Punjabis. The main religious groups in Mirpur Khas district are Muslims and Hindus. The main castes among Muslims include Syed, Talpur, Memon, Bhurgri, Lashari, Laghari, Ranghar, Panwhar, Halepota, Marri, Banglani, Gorchani, Khosa, Sameja, Gurgaj, Bhambhro, Jat, Arain, Qureshi and Sheikh. Amongst the Hindus most prominent are Brahman, Malhi, Lohana, Kirars, Soothar and Maheshwaveri. The people living in Sanghar District are of different castes and tribes including Syed, Nizamani, Marri, Keeria, Shar, Lashari, Mahar, Jat, Samma, Hingorja, Mangria, whereas Menghwar, Kolhi and Bheel are major castes among Hindus of the area. The Upper Sindh districts of Larkana, Shikarpur and Jacobabad have majority of those tribes who have with the passage of time migrated from Balochistan and settled in the area. Being under the influence of those tribes these and other adjoining districts are usually considered as tribal and semi tribal districts of Sindh. The tribes in these areas include Jatoi, Mahar, Chandio, Magsi, Brohi, Bhuttos, Soomros, Abbassis, Abros, Shaikhs, Bughios, Unars, Khuhros, Israns, Mugheris, Rinds, Lariks, Chandios, and Sangis. Main languages spoken are Sindhi, Balochi, Brauhvi, Siraiki and Urdu. There are some indigenous groups in Sindh such as Bheels, Meghwars and Kohlis, however these are not located in the project area and will not be negatively impacted by the project activities. eLAt 5-3 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S05 Description of the Socioeconomic Conditions HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 5.2.5 Poverty Historically Sindh was a prosperous and rich province. However, presently Sindh is largely witnessing poverty and destitution. According to a recent study (ADB: Sindh Rural Development Project, 2000), poverty levels are high in Sindh: 37% of the population lives below the poverty line; 20% of the urban and 53% of the rural population is poor. The ADB study covering four districts - Thatta, Badin, Mirpur Khas and Sanghar - claims that poverty is widespread throughout the region. Health and education indicators are very poor in these areas. According to the report a majority of rural households in the area do not own land. Tenant farms alone represent 44% of all private farms. Of those who do own land in rural areas, fewer than 20% are large landlords but this group owns about 60% of the private farms. According to the nationwide comparative rankings of social indicators, Hyderabad and Mirpur Khas districts were in the first and second quartile, respectively; Thatta, Badin, Shikarpur, Larkana and Sanghar were in the third quartile; whereas Jacobabad found its place in the last quartile (see Exhibit 5.3). According to the ADB Sindh Coastal and Inland Community Development Project Interim Report, the poverty figures in Badin and Thatta districts are higher, perhaps as high as 70 percent. According to this report, 54 percent of the population was found among the poorest category while 79 percent were poor. According to the report poverty was highly correlated with household economic characteristics such as land ownership and employment opportunities. Land owners are usually among the non-poor. The sea intrusion has badly affected the agricultural activities in these areas. According to the community perception of poverty, the poorest are those who have no capital or other resources of their own, mostly depend on the land and fishing grounds of others for their livelihood, and usually work on daily basis. According to the district level ranking conducted by the renowned research institute: Social Policy and Development Center (SPDC) in year 2001, six out of the eight districts in the project area are ranked as highly deprived districts of Sindh. These include Thatta and Badin of lower Sindh, Mirpur Khas and Sanghar of central Sindh, and Shikarpur and Jacobabad of upper Sindh. Hyderabad district has found its place among the low- deprivation districts presumably due to its headquarter - the Hyderabad City, which is a commercial and industrial hub. Larkana - usually considered as the prosperous district, favored by the political leadership of past with the development programs and projects - has found its place in the medium deprivation group. 5.2.6 Main Occupations Cultivation and the related businesses are the main occupations in the project area, much like most of the remaining parts of the HESCO area. The other key economic activities include fisheries, livestock rearing, and government as well as private sector jobs. In the coastal areas of Thatta and Badin, fisheries are among the prime livelihood activities of the majority of the people. Livestock is also one of the key livelihood sources for the rural population of the area. The farmers in these districts traditionally keep a few heads of livestock, ranging from bullocks for draught to cows and buffalos for milk, and poultry for eggs and meat. There eLA=N 5-4 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S05 Description of the Socioeconomic Conditions HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report have been many traditional communities in the area exclusively dependent on livestock for their livelihood, however, the importance of livestock as a source of income has declined over the years. Good breeds of buffalos and cows are found in these districts. The Hyderabad District exhibits amalgamation of industrial, agriculture and commercial activities. The urban center of the district offers a significant number of employment opportunities in commercial and industrial setups, whereas cultivation remains the prime occupation in the rural parts of the district. 5.2.7 Gender Perspectives There are slight differences in the gender perceptions, attitudes, roles and responsibilities in lower, central and upper Sindh. In these aspects, the coastal districts are less conservative compared to the upper and central Sindh areas. The tribal clans in the upper Sindh, as well as in Sanghar and Mirpur Khas districts of central Sindh are more conservative with regard to women and their status, roles and responsibilities. The women particularly in the rural areas have fewer rights in all the aspects of their lives. The literacy data clearly corroborates this, and indicates that compared to men, the women are far behind in education, which is a key development indicator. Furthermore, this disparity is more generally prominent in the rural communities (see Exhibit 5.4). The male and female literacy in urban areas of Sindh is 69.75 and 56.66 percent, respectively (1998 census data). Whereas in the rural areas, the female literacy is only 12.23 percent compared to the male literacy, which is 37.89 percent. The rural female literacy is quite low in all districts of the project area, with Jacobabad being the worst in this respect (6%). Furthermore, the gap between the male and female literacy is also quite high, and this gap is generally more prominent in the rural areas, as shown in Exhibit 5.4. The gap between urban male and female literacy is highest in Jacobabad district, whereas Larkana has the highest gap between rural male and female literacy. Women in most rural communities in the project area equally participate in livelihood activities along family lines. However, there exists a difference in mobility between Muslim and Non-Muslim women. Women from non-Muslim community work in the field right from the weeding to the harvesting. These women also receive money from farmers at the harvest; as such they are equal work sharers with men. While the Muslim women only work in the field at the harvest time. They do not frequency visit fields for work at any other time during the year. Almost in all of the project area, women role in decision-making is also negligible. They mostly remain subordinate to men throughout their lives regarding important decisions concerning them and the family. Unmarried girls are preferred to stay at home or work in fields. Usually they are married at an early age. Exchange marriages are a common feature in the rural communities. Women's household role is taken for granted. Since their work inside the house and in the fields goes largely unpaid, they cannot assert economic independence and this affects their status to a large extent. Agriculture economy in the villages and cultural values discouraging women mixing with men hamper women's access to the markets. Therefore, men get control on all capital, monetary and productive resources. eLA 5-5 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S05 Description of the Socioeconomic Conditions HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 5.2.8 Education and Health The overall literacy of Sindh as shown in Exhibit 5.4 is 45.29 percent (1998 census data). The urban literacy is 63.72 percent which is substantially higher than the rural literacy which is 25.75 percent. In the project area, Hyderabad has the highest urban literacy (61%), whereas Jacobabad has the lowest urban literacy (44%). Larkana enjoys the highest rural literacy of almost 28 percent, whereas Jacobabad is again at the bottom of the list in the project area in terms of the rural literacy. Thatta is most backward in terms of the overall literacy (22%) compared to the other districts in the project area (see Exhibit 5.5). Based on the literacy profile, the districts in Pakistan can be grouped into three categories: districts with high literacy rate (above 70%); districts with medium literacy rate (50 - 69%); and districts with low literacy rate (less than 50%). With an overall literacy rate of less than 50 percent, all the districts in the project area fall in the lowest category, as shown in Exhibit 5.5. At about 24 percent, the overall educational enrolment in the entire Sindh province is also quite dismal. The project area exhibits significant variation in terms of the school enrolment, as shown in Exhibit 5.6. As expected, the urban enrolment figures are considerably higher than those for the rural areas. Sanghar has the highest urban and rural enrolment figures of about 46 percent and 21 percent, respectively. Thatta has the lowest urban and rural enrolment of about 32 percent and 11 percent, respectively (1998 census data). A large number of educational institutions exist in the project area. These include primary, secondary and higher secondary schools, as well as colleges. Exhibit 5.7 provides the key data on these institutions. Four universities are also located in the project area; these include Sindh University, Mehran Engineering University, Sindh Agricultural University Tando Jam and Liaquat University of Health Sciences. A considerable number of health care facilities exist in the project area, as shown in Exhibit 5.8. These include a civil hospital (District Headquarter Hospital) in every district, Taluka Hospitals, Basic Health Units (BHUs), Rural Health Centers (RHCs), maternity homes, and dispensaries. However, their numbers compared to the population in the area are not sufficient to provide adequate coverage. Moreover, in the existing facilities, lack of trained staff, and shortage of medicines as well as medical instruments are some of the key problems - rendering most of these facilities particularly in the rural areas less effective if not outright dysfunctional. A particular problem in access to health services is the scattered nature of the population in the rural areas. As a result, many rural communities do not have any medical facilities, and the people from such areas usually face considerable hardships in going to the urban centers for the treatment of serious diseases. This situation is even more dismal for the women, particularly in the rural communities. The women-exclusive health facilities, such as maternity homes, are very few and there is severe shortage of female health staff, either medical or paramedical. Malnutrition among women is a common phenomenon. This not only results in their poor health, eLA 5-6 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S05 Description of the Socioeconomic Conditions HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report leading to low-birth weight babies, but also increases the burden on secondary health care facilities. 5.2.9 Agriculture Agro-ecological Zones The use of land is governed by several interacting factors, which are physical, biological, social and economic in nature. A clear vision of these factors is essential for increased agricultural production in any given region. The Pakistan Agricultural Research Council in 1980 divided Pakistan in ten agro-ecological zones, based on a survey carried out by FAO and review of the available literature on physiography, climate, soils, land use and other factors affecting agriculture production. These zones are shown in Exhibit 5.9 and defined in Exhibit 5.10. According to this zonation, the project area falls under the Zone II, which is characterized by extensive cultivation, high summer temperatures and low rainfall. Agricultural Production Agriculture is the key source of livelihood in Sindh since the majority of population is associated with this sector. The total land area of Sindh, 14.1 million hectares (or 34.84 million acres), represents 18% of total geographical area of Pakistan. Out of this, nearly 50 percent or 7 million ha is available for cultivation (see Exhibit 4.1). More than 80% of the rural population depends on agriculture and its allied businesses. Agriculture is the dominant economic activity in the province. About 80% of the agriculture land of the province is cultivated through controlled irrigation system. The irrigation system of Sindh comprises of three barrages at Sukkur, Guddu, and Kotri, having a gross command area of 15 million acres. However, cultivation takes place on only 8 million acres. The major crops of Sindh include rice, wheat, cotton, sugarcane and oilseeds. Sindh is also known for its orchards; mango, banana, guava and dates being some of the key fruits. Wheat and rice are the key crops in the project area, whereas sugarcane and cotton are also some of the important crops of the area (see Exhibit 5.11). The total annual wheat production in the project area is about 1.33 million tons. At 0.37 million tons, the annual wheat production in Sanghar is the highest among the project area districts, whereas the annual wheat production of about 29 thousand tons in Thatta is the lowest in the project area. Low agriculture production in Thatta can be attributed to factors such as sea intrusion, low irrigation water availability, water logging and salinity. The total rice production in the project area is 1.57 million tons as shown in Exhibit 5.11. Larkana produces about 0.64 million tons of rice annually, which is the highest among the project area districts. The annual cotton production in the project area is about 1.25 million tons, of which Sanghar is the highest producer with 0.62 million tons. Similarly, the total annual sugarcane production in the project area is about 6.99 million tons, of which District Badin produces about 2.44 million tons - the highest production of this crop among the districts in the project area. 5-7 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S05 Description of the Socioeconomic Conditions HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 5.2.10 Irrigation System The project area falls in the Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS), which is shown in Exhibit 5.12 and briefly described below. IBIS comprises of three major reservoirs, 16 barrages, 2 head-works, 2 siphons across major rivers, 12 inter river link canals, 44 canal systems (of which 14 lie in Sindh) and more than 107,000 water courses. The aggregate length of the canals is about 56,073 km. In addition, the watercourses, farm channels and field ditches cover another 1.6 million km. Typical watercourse commands range between 200 and 800 acres. The system utilizes over 41.6 MAF of groundwater, pumped through more than 550,000 tube wells, in addition to the canal supplies. Irrigated agriculture is the major user of both, surface and groundwater resources of Pakistan. The average annual river diversions for irrigation in the Indus Basin are of the order of 104.7 MAF, to irrigate over 14.6 million hectares. Of this, 67.11 MAF on average is diverted during the kharif period (summer crop), while 37.63 MAF is diverted during the rabi period (winter crop). During the kharif periods of the last ten years, Punjab used 34.3 MAF annually, while Sindh and Balochistan used 31.4 MAF and NWFP used 2.35 MAF. During the rabi periods of the last ten years, average withdrawals by Punjab, Sindh and Balochistan and NWFP were 19.87 MAF, 16.06 MAF and 1.46 MAF, respectively. Sindh has 14 public owned irrigation systems, which receive water from three barrages across the River Indus. These systems, with an aggregate length of 18,000 km of canals, serve an area of about 5.38 million hectares. There are 13 existing surface drainage systems in Sindh, which serve a total area of over 3.5 million hectares and have an aggregate length of about 4,800 km. New drains are also being constructed in the province. During the year 1999-2000, the total irrigated area, using all sources in Sindh, was of the order of 3.52 million hectares. This included 2.39 million hectares of irrigated land in the canal commands. The private tube-wells and wells irrigated 0.13 million hectares during the same period. Groundwater Irrigation An estimated 41.6 MAF of groundwater is pumped annually in Pakistan. According to a study, more than 90% of the extracted groundwater is used for irrigation purposes. Groundwater reservoirs are recharged from the rivers as well as the seepage losses from the canals, watercourses, farm channels and the fields. Most of the ground water abstraction occurs in the Punjab. This was of the order of 34 MAF in the year 1999-2000, followed by Sindh, estimated at 5 MAF, Balochistan at 0.5 MAF and NWFP at 2.1 MAF. Large scale tube-well pumpage for irrigation began in the early sixties. The number of private tube-wells grew steadily with time. There are presently about 550,000 tube-wells in the IBIS and the annual pumpage in all canal command areas has been estimated to be 41.6 MAF. e.A.N 5-8 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S05 Description ot the Socioeconomic Conditions HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Salinity and Water Logging Before the introduction of the irrigation system, the water table was sufficiently deep. However, due to a lack of drainage facilities and improper water management, the water table rose, resulting in water logging and salinity. About 25% of the irrigated area of Pakistan is affected by water logging and salinity/ sodicity problems. In addition to other measures like the Irrigation System Rehabilitation, Command Water Management and On-Farm Water Management programs taken up by different government departments, WAPDA completed 57 Salinity Control and Reclamation Projects (SCARPs). These cover a gross area of 7.81 million hectares. Surveys have indicated that water logging has reduced from 42% in the 60s to about 25% in 1977-79. Similarly, saline, saline-sodic and sodic soils were reduced from 6, 27 and 11% to 11, 24 and 3% respectively, in the same period of time. 5.3 Sites of Archeological, Cultural, Historical or Religious Significance There exist a large number of sites of archeological, cultural, historical and religious significance in Sindh. The major ones include the archeological remains at Moen-Jo- Daro, which is one of the most important Indus Civilization sites, and the Makli Hills graveyard in the Thatta district. In addition, a large numbers of shrines exist in almost all parts of the project area. A list of these places located in the project area districts is provided in Exhibit 5.13. However, none of the project components are located at or near any known sites of archeological, cultural, historical and religious significance. In addition, some graveyards exist along the transmission line routes as shown in Exhibits 4.13 to 4.23. However the project activities are not likely to damage these graveyards.3 3 Chapter 9 includes mitigation measures to protect these graveyards. eLAN 5-9 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S05 Description of the Socioeconomic Conditions HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 5.1: Administrative Map of the Area (Please see the following page.) eLAN 5-10 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S05 N PUNJAB W-4- Jacobabad , ~Ghotki> / arkana f neo EinanSclsstA Dadu " yderabad Umarkot Ti\.ir BadinArehadmnsrpatiekapofaid ARABIAN SEA H A Leged Awn-rnt: Environmental and Sorcial Assesment (ESA) International Boundary ProJrat- 6' STG Project (2006-07) Provincial Boundary -Cfi~lle HESCO District Boundary S.-.- -.~ ...Sue.Atlas of Pakistan Rivers Tftlr. HESCO Area l lAdministrative Map of Sindh Ref GRP07EI-lHES |D4t: Apnl Z007 Description of the Socioeconomic Conditions HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 5.2: Districts in Project Area (1998 Census Data) Area Population Population Density (Ki2) (Thousands) (Persons per k2) Thatta 17,355 1,113 64.1 Badin 6,726 1,136 168.9 Hyderabad 5,519 2,891 523.9 Mirpur Khas 2,925 906 309.7 Sanghar 10,728 1,453 135.4 Larkana 7,423 1,926 259.6 Shikarpur 2,512 j 881 350.5 Jacobabad 5,278 1,426 270.1 Total (of the above 8 58,466 11,732 260.3 districts) l Sindh 140,914 30,440 216.0 Source: District Census Reports, 1999 and 2000. Exhibit 5.3: Ranking of Districts by Human Development Index DISTRICT HDI HDI Rank Thatta 0.447 64 Badin 0.459 60 Hyderabad i 0.532 23 Mirpur Khas | 0.522 31 Sanghar 0.461 56 Larkana 0.435 67 Shikarpur 0.417 72 Jacobabad 0.393 77 Source: Pakistan National Human Development Report 2003 eL 5-12 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S05 Description of the Socioeconomic Conditions HESCO 6 STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 5.4: Literacy Ratio in the Project Districts by Gender (1998 Census Data) District Male Female Literacy i Male Female Literacy Distric Urban Urban Gap Urban Rural Rural i Gap Rural Thatta 56.98 33.90 23.08 28.31 08.34 19.97 Badin 56.24 31.33 24.91 |30.66 09.23 21.43 Hyderabad 67.32 54.58 12.74 | 35.76 12.89 22.87 Mirpur Khas 68.02 50.92 17.10 34.21 10.98 23.23 Sanghar 64.65 40.55 24.10 ! 36.18 10.17 26.01 Larkana 65.16 37.83 27.33 ! 41.44 13.10 28.34 Shikarpur 68.34 41.26 27.08 36.88 10.15 26.73 Jacobabad 57.02 29.57 27.45 26.37 06.47 19.90 Sindh 69.75 56.66 13.09 37.89 12.23 25.66 Source: District Census Reports, 1999 and 2000. Exhibit 5.5: Literacy Ratio in Project Area (1998 Census Data) District Urban Rural Total Thatta 45.92 18.99 22.14 Badin 44.76 20.52 7 24.63 Hyderabad 1 61.30 24.84 I 44.25 Mirpur Khas 59.80 23.13 35.97 Sanghar 53.15 23.94 30.87 Larkana 51.95 27.68 34.95 Shikarpur I 55.33 23.92 31.94 Jacobabad | 43.86 16.86 23.66 Sindh 63.72 25.75 45.29 Source: District Census Reports, 1999 and 2000. eL 5 13 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S05 Description of the Socioeconomic Conditions HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 5.6: Enrolment Ratio in Project Area (1998 Census Data) District | Urban Rural | Total Thatta 32.22 10.82 13.25 Badin 36.25 13.26 17.05 Hyderabad 41.00 20.26 30.94 Mirpur Khas i 43.53 20.15 - 28.05 Sanghar 45.61 20.89 26.67 Larkana 44.39 20.34 - 27.47 Shikarpur 35.63 i 12.19 - 17.47 Jacobabad 37.71 14.42 20.30 Sindh 46.64 19.60 23.78 Source: District Census Reports, 1999 and 2000. Exhibit 5.7: Educational Institutes in Project Area (1998 Census Data) |i Numbers District----------- Schools Colleges Others Thatta 2,282 4 4 Badin 2,102 6 Hyderabad 3,343 12 1,132 Mirpur Khas , 3,752 - 6 Sanghar 3,256 9 - 10 Larkana 2,803 14 Shikarpur 1,383 , 3 Jacobabad 2,594 7 3 Source: District Census Reports, 1999 and 2000. eLAN 5-14 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S05 Description of the Socioeconomic Conditions HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 5.8: Healthcare Facilities in Project Area (1998 Census Data) Number of Healthcare Facilities Others Basic Health Maent!(Sub Health District Civil Hospital/ I Taluka Unit(s)/ Rural Health TB Hospital I Centres, Other Hospitals Hospitals , Public Health Centers Health Centre(s) Clinic Dispensaries, I a I and Others) Thatta 1 | 4 46 8 - l Badin 1 3 33 11 . 1 - 27 Hyderabad 3 - 59 13 4 15 58 MirpurKhas 1 3 1 24 Sanghar 1 5 52 7 3 - 87 Larkana 5 6 43 9 4 116 Shikarpur 1 4 13 Jacobabad 2 3 27 6 1 1 2 Source: District Census Reports, 1999 and 2000. A 5-15 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S05 Description of the Socioeconomic Conditions HESCO 6m STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 5.9: Agro-ecological Zones of Pakistan 0 200 400 K00 800 Kilometers e,5-16 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S5 Description of the Socioeconomic Conditions HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 5.10: Characteristics of Agro-ecological Zones of Pakistan Zone Region Temperature Rain Soil Crops Other (OC) (m)Features I Indus Delta 34-40 125-250 Clayey Soil Rice, Salinity of 19-20 Silty Soil Sugarcane, Soil, Pulses, Poor Berseem, Drainage Wheat 11 Southern 38-45 125-250 Silt Loam, Rice, Wheat, 20% Salt irrigated plain 8-12 Sandy Cotton, Affected Loam, Silty Sorghum, Area Clay Mustered, Sugarcane, Gram 111(a) Sandy Desert 39-41 125-250 Sandy Soils, Guar, Millets, Dust Storm 7 Moving Sand Wheat are Common Dunes; Clayey Soils 111(b) Sandy Desert 40 150-350 Stable Sand Gram, Wheat, Intemal 5.5 Ridges Cotton, Drainage (sand and Sugarcane loamy fine sand soils) IV(a) Northern 39.5-42 200-500 Sandy Loam, Rice, Wheat, Canal Irrigated 6-6.2 Clayey Loam Cotton, Irrigated Plain Sugarcane, Cropping Maize, Oilseeds, Melons IV(b) Northern 38 500 Clayey Sugarcane, Intensively Irrigated 5 Maize, Cultivated Plain Tobacco, Area Wheat, Berseem V Barani Land 38-38.5 200-1000 Silty Loam, Wheat, Millets, Shallow 3.7 Silty Clayey Rice, Maize, Soils loam, Clay Oilseeds, Unsuitable Loam Pulses, Fodder for Root Growth VI Wet 35 >1000 Silt Loams, Maize, Wheat, Steep mountain 0-4 Silty Rice, Mountain Clay Deciduous Slopes Fruit VIl Northern Dry Varied 300-1000 Deep and Maize, Wheat, Glaciers and Mountains Clayey formed Fodders, Fruit, Snow fields of Colluvial Apricot material and alluvial deposits eLArN 5-17 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S05 Description of the Socioeconomic Conditions HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report ...Continued, Exhibit 5.10 Zone Region (°C) (mmumR ) Soil Crops Other Vil Westem Dry 30-39 125-500 Strongly Fruit, Wheat, Numerous Mountain 3 - 7.7 Calcareous Vegetables, Hill Torrents Soils; fodder, Maize Gravely soils IX Dry Western 33-40.5 50-200 Strongly Tropical Fruits, Sailaba Plateau 3 -15 Calcareous Wheat agriculture Silt Loams Summer system Gravely soils Cereals X Sulaiman 40-43.6 125-250 Loamy, Clayey Wheat, Gram, Sailaba Piedmont 5.8 - 7.6 Lentils, agriculture Oilseeds, Millet system Sorghum eLAN 5-18 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S05 Description of the Socioeconomic Conditions HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 5.11: Annual Production of Key Crops in Project Area Thousand Tons District Wheat Rice Cotton Sugarcane Maize Bajra I Jowar 1 Barley Thatta 28.7 108.7 L 2.2 | 136.4 o|i 0. 0.1 | 0.4 Badin 70.9 128.9 19.2 2,440.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.4 Hyderabad 241.4 34.0 301.7 3,321.6 0.3 1.0 0.1 0.0 Mirpur Khas 256.8 0.0 296.2 438.5 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.0 Sanghar 365.7 0.2 619.0 622.0 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.0 Larkana 172.4 636.9 13.7 25.7 0.0 0.0 1.9 1.0 Shikarpur 79.0 301.5 0.8 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.2 Jacobabad 118.2 362.8 1.6 3.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 0.3 Total for above 1,333.1 1,573.0 1,254.4 6,991.7 1.3 1.8 6.6 2.3 Districts Sindh 2,750.3 1,721.0 2,648.0 11,243.4 1.6 12.7 43.7 2.9 Source: Development Statistics of Sindh, Bureau of Statistics, Government of Pakistan, 2004. 5-19 July 2007 FRTo7VO3HES-So5 Description of the Socioeconomic Conditions HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 5.12: Irrigation Command Area 100 ¶0T2003k0400 On Chinaei +t ~~~~~~~~~..............tgJ^kdi _ 50l 0 LEGENDSO3HES-S05 lneraioa Bouci tovci Bon 5A/bt Ili CataAreabn Bouncty - - Canall Comm and Area 100 0 100 200 30]0 400 500 Klometers eL N5-20 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S05 Description of the Socioeconomic Conditions HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 5.13: Places of Archeological, Historical or Religious Significance Falling in Project Area Districts Badin District 1. Ruins of old city at Badin. Hyderabad District 2. Tomb of Ghulam Shah Kalhora, Hyderabad. 3. Boundary Wall of Pucca Fort, Hyderabad. 4. Old office of Mirs, Hyderabad Fort, Hyderabad. 5. Tajar (Treasury) of Mirs, Hyderabad Fort, Hyderabad. 6. Tomb of Ghulam Nabi Khan Kalhora, Hyderabad. 7. Buddhist Stupa, (Guja) a few miles from Tando Muhammad Khan, Hyderabad. 8. Haram of Talpur Mirs, Hyderabad. 9. Enclosure containing Tombs of Talpur Mirs, Hyderabad. 10. Tower (Now used as water tank), Hyderabad Fort, Hyderabad. 11. Two Mosques and a Tomb, Tando Fazal, Hyderabad. 12. Tomb of Sarfaraz Khan Kalhora, Hyderabad. 13. Nasar-ji- Mosque, Mohalla Jhambhas, Nasarpur, Hyderabad. 14. Kiraiji Masjid, Mohalla Misri, Nasarpur, Hyderabad. 15. Mai Khairiji Masjid, Mohalla Memon, Hyderabad. 16. Mosque of Mirs, Hyderabad, ward "E", Hyderabad. 17. Enclosure containing Tombs of Talpur Mirs, Hyderabad. Larkana District 18. Jhukar mound, Mithadaro, Larkana. 19. Moenjodaro, Buddhist monastery and prehistoric remains around Moenjodaro, Larkana. 20. Moenjodaro, Buddhist Stupa and prehistoric remains underneath, Moenjodaro, Larkana. 21. Tajjar Building, Jinnah Bagh, Larkana. 22. Tomb of Shah Baharo, Larkana. 23. Square Tower, near Dhamrao, Larkana. 24. Dhamrao Dero (three groups), Deh Dhamrao, Deh 67 Nasrat, Larkana. Sanghar District 25. Brahmanabad (Mansura) locally known as Dalo Raja-ji-Nagri, Jamara, Tehsil Sinjhoro. Deh Dalore, Sanghar. 26. Mound Thulh, Deh Kot Bujar, Sanghar. 27. Graveyard, Tehsil Shahdadpur, Sanghar. Thatta District 28. Brick dome to the north-east of tomb of Mubarak Khan (tomb of Fateh Khan's sister), Makli Hill, Thatta. 29. Tomb of Mubarak Khan son of Jam Nizamuddin, Makli Hill Thatta. 30. Tomb and compound wall of yellow stone to the south of Jam Nizamuddin, Makli Hill, Thatta. 31. Tomb and enclosure to the south-west of S. No. 92. Makli Hill, Thatta. 32. Tomb and enclosure to the west of the above tomb S. No. 93, Makli Hill, Thatta. e AIN 5-21 July 2007 FRTO7V03HES-S05 Description of the Socioeconomic Conditions HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 33. Brick dome to the south of the tomb S. No 94, above Makli Hill, Thatta. 34. Sultan Ibrahim and other tombs also but wrongly known a Amir Khalil Khan's tomb, Makii Hill, Thatta. 35. Tomb and compound wall of yellow stone to the south of Mirza Muhammad Baqi Tarkhan tomb (wrongly called Mirza Isa Khan's tomb), Makli Hill, Thatta. 36. Brick enclosure of Mirza Baqi Baig Uzbak's tomb, south of the tomb of Nawab Isa Khan the younger, Makli Hill, Thatta. 37. Dabgir Masjid, Makli Hill, Thatta. 38. Graveyard, Makli Hill, Thatta. 39. Goth Raja Malik graveyard known as Maqam Qadar Shah, Deh Raja Malik, Thatta. 40. Sonda graveyard, village Sonda, Thatta. 41. Jam Nizmuddin's tomb, Makli Hill, Thatta. 42. Baradari, Makli Hill, Thatta. 43. Tomb of Amir Sultan Muhammad son of Amir Hajika, Makli hill, Thatta. 44. Tomb of Nawab Isa Khan, the younger Makli Hill, Thatta. 45. Mirza Tughral Baig's tomb, Makli Hill, Thatta. 46. Tomb of Mirza Jani and Mirza Ghazi Baig, Makli Hill, Thatta. 47. Stone enclosure containing tombs of Nawab Isa Khan, Makli Hill, Thatta. 48. Mirza Muhammad Baqi Tarkhan's tomb (wrongly called Mirza Isa Khan's tomb) Makli Hill, Thatta. 49. Stone tomb with a dome on stone pillars by the side Mirza Jani Baig's tomb, Makli Hill Thatta. 50. Brick masjid and enclosure near Nawab Shurfa Khan's tomb (supposed to be the tomb of Sayyed Amir Khan), Makli Hill, Thatta. 51. Stone tomb with enclosure to the south of tomb of Mirza Muhammad Baqi Tarkhan, Makli Hill, Thatta. 52. Tomb of Mirza Muhammad Isa Turkhan I, Makli Hill, Thatta. 53. Brick tomb near the tomb of Qulia pir, Makli Hill, Thatta. 54. Tomb with superstructure on stone pillars to the north of tomb of Jam Nizamuddin, Makli Hill, Thatta. 55. Brick structure to the north of tomb of Jam Nizamuddin, Makli Hill, Thatta. 56. Two pavilions on stone pillars over the tombs to the southwest of tomb of Jam Nizamuddin. One is the tomb of Jam Sikandar Shah, Makli Hill, Thatta. 57. Kalan Kot, Makli Hill, Thatta. 58. Nawab Amir Khan's mosque, Makli Hill, Thatta. 59. Building with two domes near the Civil Hospital, Thatta, Makli Hill, Thatta. 60. Jama Masjid, Makli Hill, Thatta. 61. Sasian-Jo-Takar (Mirpur Sakro, Thatta. 62. Jama Masjid, Thatta. WORLD HERITAGE MONUMENTS ON UNESCO LIST. 1. Mohenjodaro, District Larkana. 2. Makli Hill, Thatta. Source: Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas. Govemment of Pakistan. 1997. Note: None of the above areas are located at or in the immediate vicinity of the proposed project components. eLAN 5-22 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S05 HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 6 Analysis of Project Alternatives This Chapter discusses various project alternatives that were considered during the design phase. The alternatives in this Chapter have been organized in three broad categories: management, siting and technical altematives. 6.1 Management Alternatives 6.1.1 No Project Alternative As described in Section 1.2, the electricity demand has been increasing during the past several years, and this trend is expected to continue as a result of the on-going economic uplift in the country. The key factors fueling the increasing power demand include increasing population, rapid urbanization, industrialization, improvement in per capita income and village electrification. In order to match the increasing trend in the power demand, regular investments in various segments of the power network - generation, transmission, and distribution - is vitally important. Otherwise, the gap between the supply and demand will keep on increasing. The proposed project seeks to upgrade the secondary transmission and grid network of the HESCO system. Establishing new grid stations and augmenting, converting, or upgrading the existing ones will provide the much needed relief to the over-loaded system, while also accommodating additional load. The establishment of new grid stations will also reduce the line losses and power breakdowns. In case the proposed project is not undertaken, the HESCO system will not be able to cope with the increasing demand, the existing system will remain over-loaded, line losses will also remain high, and the system reliability will progressively decrease, with increasing pressure on the system. The Utility will also forego the opportunity of increasing its consumers as well as revenue associated with the system expansion. In view of the above, the 'no project' option is not a preferred alternative. 6.2 Siting Alternatives 6.2.1 Grid Station Sites HESCO considered multiple alternative sites for the Bukhshapur, Chamber, Tando Bago and Larkana-Ill grid stations (see Exhibits 4.13 to 4.16). These altemate sites were inspected during the field investigations as part of the present ESA, and various environmental and social parameters were observed. These parameters included land use, land form, proximity to any settlement, presence of any wildlife/natural vegetation of significance in the area, possibility and impact of any air or water contamination caused by the project activities, possibility of damage to any public infrastructure and other similar aspects. However the field investigations revealed that these altematives were e, 6-1 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S06 Analysis oi Project Alternatives HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report quite similar with respect to the environmental and social aspects, as can be observed in the schematic drawings provided in Exhibits 4.13 to 4.16, and the mitigation measures discussed in Chapters 8 and 9 will reduce the adverse impacts associated with the proposed activities to an acceptable level. 6.2.2 Routing Alternatives While selecting the transmission line route, the GSC crew generally identifies three options. These include the shortest possible route between the two ends of the proposed transmission line. However this may not always be the most feasible route, in view of the settlements or any other sensitive area that come in the way. Therefore the most preferable route is the one which avoids settlements and other sensitive areas. For the proposed project, while surveying the routes, the GSC team considered multiple routing options, and made efforts to avoid settlements and other sensitive locations as far as possible. During the field investigations as part of the present ESA, the key environmental and social aspects along the routes were identified and documented (see Exhibits 4.17 to 4.23). During these field investigations, it was ensured that each selected route was the best available option, and did not have an unacceptable level of environmental and social impacts. Furthermore, appropriate mitigation measures were incorporated in the design and implementation of the works to reduce the impacts. (The impact assessment and mitigation measures are discussed in Chapters 8 and 9 of this document). The key routing options of the transmission lines are discussed below. Humayun - Jacobabad Transmission Line: The shortest route for the transmission line would pass over thickly populated area near the Jacobabad grid station (see Exhibit 4.22). However, deviations have been made in the route to avoid the settlements as far as possible. The last segment of this route does pass over a congested settlement near the Jacobabad grid station, however no altemative is available for this segment. Appropriate mitigation measures have been included in the mitigation plan (Chapter 9) to reduce the adverse impacts, particularly for the last segment of the transmission line. There exist no other environmental or social sensitivities along the proposed route. Feed for Chamber Grid Station: The shortest route for the feed would pass over some settlements in and around Tando Allahyar town. However, the route has been aligned to avoid these settlements, though this has resulted in a longer transmission line. Now the route does not pass over any settlement, as can be seen in Exhibit 4.18. In addition, the selected route passes over orchards at two locations (see sheets 5 and 6 of Exhibit 4.18). Avoiding these orchards would have increased the cost of the transmission line. With the help of appropriate mitigation measures (such as no tree cutting, no vehicle movement in the orchard, and payment of compensation for any slight damage to the trees - discussed in Chapter 9), the adverse impacts of the transmission line laying and operating on the orchards will be sufficiently reduced. There exist no other environmental or social sensitivities along the proposed route. Samaro - Naukot Transmission Line: The shortest route for the transmission line would pass over several small settlements between the two towns. However, deviations e 6-2 July 8, 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S06 Analysis of Project Alternatives HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report have been made in the route to avoid the settlements. Now the route does not pass over any settlement, as can be seen in Exhibit 4.23. In addition, the selected route passes over an orchard (see sheet 2 of Exhibit 4.23). Avoiding this orchard would have increased the cost of the transmission line. With the help of appropriate mitigation measures discussed above, the adverse impacts of the transmission line laying and operating on the orchard will be sufficiently reduced. There exist no other environmental or social sensitivities along the proposed route. Feed for Matiari Grid Station: The selected route passes over a fruit orchard, and no altemative exists to avoid this orchard. However, an existing gap that exists among the trees will be used to align the transmission line, thus minimizing the adverse impacts of the proposed works on the orchards. Furthermore, as described above, no vehicular movement will be allowed in the orchard, no trees will be cut and any minor damage that may be caused will be compensated. Feed for Kandiari Grid Station: Much like the Feed for Matiari Grid Station discussed above, the selected route for the Kandiari Grid Station passes over a fruit orchard, and no altemative exists to avoid this orchard. However, the height of the transmission line will be increased, thus minimizing the adverse impacts of the proposed works on the orchards. Furthermore, as described above, no vehicular movement will be allowed in the orchard, no trees will be cut and any minor damage that may be caused will be compensated. 6.3 Technical Alternatives 6.3.1 Type of Grid Station Generally, two types of grid station designs are available: conventional and gas- insulated. The conventional grid stations have open yards for transformers and their accessories and the control panels and feeder panels are placed indoors. These grid stations require a large area (about 4 acres), which might be a problem in congested urban areas. The environmental and socioeconomic aspects of this type of grid station include safety hazard for the nearby population, particularly in the congested urban areas, and land requirement. The gas insulated grid stations (GIS) on the other hand employ a very compact design, and most of equipment is fully enclosed and gas insulated. This allows the entire system to be placed indoors in considerably smaller space compared to the conventional design. However, the cost of these grid stations is several times higher than the conventional ones. In view of the fact that the new grid stations as part of the proposed project are being planned outside the congested urban areas, the availability of land is not a problem. Hence the additional cost associated with the GIS cannot be justified, and the conventional grid station design is the preferred option for the proposed project. Additionally all safety precautions will be included in the GS design, in order to protect the people and livestock from the electrocution hazard. 6-3 July 8, 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S06 Analysis of Project Alternatives HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 6.3.2 Type of Circuit Breakers Traditionally, oil-filled circuit breakers used to be installed at the 132-KV and 11-KV levels. However, now SF6 (sulfur hexa-fluoride) circuit breakers are available for 132-KV and above, and vacuum circuit breakers are available for the 11-KV system. These breakers have very effective arc-quenching characteristics, compared to the old oil-type breakers. Therefore, these modem circuit breakers are the preferred option for the proposed project. The environmental aspects of the oil-filled circuit breakers essentially pertain to the of soil and water contamination caused by the possible oil leakage. For the HESCO's proposed 6'h STG project, vacuum and SF6 circuit breakers would be installed at the grid stations. 6.3.3 Type of Transformer Oil Traditionally, transformer oil - meant for providing insulation and cooling of the transformer windings - used to contain poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCB), a man-made chemical known for its excellent dielectric properties. However, this chemical was then found to be highly toxic, and more importantly, chemically very stable. Hence this chemical would not decompose or disintegrate naturally. Due to this property of PCB, it was included in a group of chemicals collectively known as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Appendix F provides more information on PCBs. Although, production and use of the PCB containing transformer oil is not allowed anymore in the West, it is still being used locally. In view of their extremely harmful effects however, use of this oil is not a preferred option for all applications, including the proposed project. HESCO's specifications for the procurement of transformers clearly mention that the transformer oil should be PCB-free (though no tests are performed to confirm this). Hence the equipment purchased as part of this project would be PCB-free. 6.3.4 Type of Transmission Line Towers Single Circuit vs. Double Circuit For the single circuit 132-KV and 66-KV transmission lines, there exist two possible options for the type of the towers: single circuit and double circuit. The single circuit towers are designed for one circuit of the transmission line only, and there is no room for the second circuit in the future. On the other hand, using the double circuit towers for the single circuit transmission line provides the future expansion capacity on the same towers. The cost of the double circuit towers is slightly higher than the single circuit variants, however, in view of their expansion capacity, these towers are the preferred options for all the single circuit transmission lines which are included in the proposed project. The environmental and socioeconomic aspects of the double-circuit tower include smaller footprint and lower land acquisition requirements (compared to two single-circuit towers). e 6-4 July 8, 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S06 Analysis of Project Alternatives HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Tower vs. Tubular Pole The base of the transmission line towers is about 5 m x 5 m, and finding this much space in congested urban areas may be a problem. For such applications, WAPDA has been using tubular steel poles which require considerably less space. These poles are quite expensive compared to the conventional towers. The environmental and socioeconomic aspect of the tubular pole includes smaller footprint, compared to the conventional tower. Some of the transmission lines as part of the proposed project would need to pass through congested city areas (eg, Humayun - Jacobabad transmission line). For such transmission lines, the preferred option would be to use the tubular poles. e 6-5 July 8, 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S06 HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 7 Stakeholder Consultation This Chapter provides the objectives, process and outcome of the stakeholder consultations conducted as part of the ESA study. 7.1 Objectives The stakeholder consultation is an integral part of the environmental and social assessment for a project such as the 6'h STG, and aims to provide a two-way communication channel between the stakeholders and the project proponents. In line with this aim, the objectives of the stakeholder consultations conducted as part of the present ESA were to: * develop and maintain communication links between the project proponents and stakeholders, * provide key project information to the stakeholders, and to solicit their views on the project and its potential or perceived impacts, and * ensure that views and concerns of the stakeholders are incorporated into the project design and implementation with the objectives of reducing or offsetting negative impacts and enhancing benefits of the proposed project. 7.2 Participation Framework The stakeholder consultation is a continued process, and should be maintained throughout the project. The consultations carried out during the present ESA and reported in this Chapter are essentially a first step in this process. During the subsequent project phases as well, participation of the project stakeholders needs to be ensured. Exhibit 7.1 charts out the proposed participation framework during different project phases, while Exhibit 7.2 provides the conceptual framework employed during the stakeholder consultations carried out as part of the present ESA. 7.3 Stakeholder Identification and Analysis The stakeholder analysis reveals the nature and magnitude of the stakeholders' interests in and influence on a project. The first step for the analysis is to identify the stakeholders, who are essentially not limited to those affected by the project. They also include those who can affect or influence the project. They can be winners, losers or indifferent. The stakeholder analysis aims to distinguish between the actual effects of the project on different stakeholders, and those stake stakeholders' perceptions about the project and its effects. The second step in the stakeholder analysis is to analyze the interests and influence of the stakeholders, examining their assets and capabilities. The small landowners may have high stakes in a development project, but very little influence. As a contrast, the regulatory agencies may have very high influence but low interest in a project. eLAN 7-1 July 2007 FRTo7VO3HES-S07 Stakeholder Consultation HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report The third step is to differentiate stakeholders by their attachment to the status quo, or conversely, their desire/willingness to change. The stakeholders can be best analyzed by comparing their commitment to the status quo against the influence they wield. The diagram given below conceptually presents the interplay of stakeholders' interest and their influence.' + Influence Quadrant A Quadrant B (eg, Big landowners) (e,g, Media) - Interest * * + Interest Quadrant C Quadrant D (eg, Small shopkeepers) (eg, Share croppers) - Influence The stakeholders that have considerable influence and are determined to prevent changes (Quadrant A in the above diagram), are the greatest challenges for many projects. The groups that want change, whether or not they have much influence, are the possible counterbalances (Quadrants B and D in the diagram). The project needs to find ways to increase the influence of groups that favor change but lack influence and to mediate between the influential groups that favor change and groups that oppose it. During the present ESA, the stakeholder analysis was carried out to identify relevant stakeholders on the basis of their ability to influence the project or their vulnerability to be negatively impacted from it. This approach ensured that no relevant groups were excluded from the consultations, and appropriate engagement strategies were developed for each stakeholder. Source: Social Analysis Sourcebook: Incorporating Social Dimensions into Bank-Supported Projects. The World Bank. December 2003. e6AN 7-2 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S07 Stakeholder Consultation HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report The key stakeholders identified, analyzed and consulted at various levels included the following: * People directly affected by the Project (ie, project affected persons or PAPs). * Project beneficiaries * HESCO officials * District governments * Environment Protection Agency * The broader interested community * The NGOs, international organizations and other interest groups. 7.4 Consultation Process Consultations with the project stakeholders were carried out while conducting the present ESA. A participatory and consultative approach was employed for information dissemination and data collection. Meetings were held with a range of key informants as well as government and civil society stakeholders at different levels. The focus group discussions with the grass-root stakeholders were held, whereas meetings were held with the institutional stakeholders. These discussions were held with project affected people, project beneficiaries and other local communities in Hyderabad, Jacobabad, Shikarpur, Larkana, Sanghar, Mirpur Khas, Tando Allahyar, Badin, Umerkot and Thatta districts. Efforts were made to include the women in the consultation process as much as possible. While women were included in most of the consultations, the women-only consultations were also held, and for this purpose, the consultation team included a female staff. The consultation process was conceived to interact meaningfully with affected communities and other stakeholders. The consultations also helped better understand local knowledge with respect to the various sets of issues and concerns, and integrate these into the project design and ESMP. (Please see Appendix E for stakeholder consultation details.) 7.5 Consultations with Institutional Stakeholders 2 The institutional stakeholder consultations were held with the representatives of the following organizations: * Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) * Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) * Leadership in Environment and Development (LEAD) fellows * Lok Parya (a local grass root level NGO) * National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) 2 Some of the institutional stakeholder consultations discussed in this section were carred out during the ESA's for the IESCO and MEPCO 6'h STG projects. ei.N 7-3 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S07 Stakeholder Consultation HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report * International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) * Strengthening Participatory Organizations (SPO), Hyderabad * South Asia Partnership-Pakistan, Hyderabad * Provincial Health Development Institute (PDHI), Jamshoro * Sindh Irrigation and Drainage Authority, Hyderabad * Sindh Development Society, Hyderabad * Sindh National Congress, Hyderabad * Sindh Democratic Forum, Hyderabad. In addition, a meeting was also held with Dr Yusuf Hyat, who was part of the Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Project (implemented by the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, Islamabad). Concerns Raised by Institutional Stakeholder The institutional stakeholders raised several concerns and provided useful suggestions/recommendations. These are provided below. * HESCO should fulfill the regulatory requirement of conducting environmental and social assessment of all of its projects. * The project proponent should develop organizational capability for the implementation of ESMP, and to handle environmental / social issues during the project implementation as well as routine operation of the organization. * The issues related to land acquisition and compensation should be appropriately addressed during the proposed project. * The construction related issues - such as waste disposal, soil erosion and hazards for the nearby communities - should be adequately addressed during the proposed project. * The potential environmental issues during the operation and maintenance of the proposed project - such as soil and water contamination caused by the leakage/spillage of the PCB-containing transformer oil - should be adequately mitigated. * HESCO should have PCB testing arrangements at its grid stations and workshops. * The PCB-containing transformer oil should be eliminated from the HESCO system. * The effects of electromagnetic radiation caused by the high power transmission lines should be appropriately addressed during the proposed project. * Community participation should be ensured to the extent practical during all phases of the project. Lessons learned during the similar projects in the past should be utilized. 7.6 Grass Root Stakeholders Consultations The grass root consultations were carried out at the following project locations: 74 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S07 Stakeholder Consultation HESCO 6t'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report * Bukhshapur grid station site and its surroundings * Larkana-lil grid station site and its surroundings * Chamber grid station site and its surroundings * Tando Bago grid station site and its surroundings * Transmission line route for the Larkana-lil grid station feed * Tando Allahyar - Chamber transmission line route * Transmission line route for the Tando Bago grid station feed * Humayun - Jacobabad transmission line route * Transmission line route for the Matiari grid station feed * Transmission line route for the Kandiari grid station feed * Samaro - Naukot transmission line route. Exhibit 7.3 presents list of the discussants and the key issues raised during the consultations. The questionnaire used during the consultations is provided in Exhibit E.1 of Appendix E. A summary of these consultations is presented below; details of the consultations are provided in Appendix E. 7.6.1 Bukhshapur Grid Station Site Consultations were held at the proposed site for the new grid station, and in Bukhshapur town. During the consultations, people of the area complained about low voltage, frequent interruptions and voltage fluctuation, which was causing a lot of problems for the residents of the area, while also damaging their electric appliances. This situation was also affecting the livelihood of the local population, as shared by the people interviewed. During the summers particularly, power outages caused considerable hardships for the people of the area. The people of the area greatly supported the plans for the new grid station. They expected that after the establishment of the new grid station, the above described problems currently being faced by them would be alleviated. The villagers showed their concems regarding any crop damaged by the project activities. They expected appropriate compensation for any such crop damage. The communities also wanted the project to generate employment opportunities for them. Consultations were also held with owners and staff from some industrial units in the area (rice mills). They complained about the low voltage and frequent power interruptions, causing production loss as well as damage to the equipment. They welcomed the establishment of the new gird station in the area. in their opinion, the improved power availability will not only solve the above-described problems, but will also enable them and other industries in the area to enhance their production capacity, thus increasing their profits while also providing additional employment opportunities. Consultations were also held with the women of the area in order to inform them about the project, and to solicit their views and apprehensions. eLA 7-5 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S07 Stakeholder Consultation HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 7.6.2 Larkana-Ill Grid Station Site Consultations were held at a nearby community. The residents of the community informed about poor quality of the electricity including low voltage, frequent interruptions and voltage fluctuations, which was causing a lot of hardships to them, and also damaging their electric appliances. Load shedding was cited as one of the problems faced by the people as well. The people of the area greatly supported the plans for the new grid station. They expected that with the new grid station, the above described problems would be addressed. The participants of the consultation did not share any concern regarding the project. The rural women were also included in the consultations, in order to inform them about the project, and to solicit their views and apprehensions. 7.6.3 Chamber Grid Station Site Much like the consultees in other areas, the people interviewed at the proposed site for the Chamber grid station complained about low voltage, frequent power outages, faulty meters and over billing. The area being under cultivation, the crops suffered as a result of power outages and load shedding. The people were in general supportive of the establishment of the proposed grid station at the site, and did not share any concerns or apprehensions in this regard. Consultations were also held with the women of the area in order to inform them about the project, and to solicit their views and apprehensions. 7.6.4 Tando Bago Grid Station Site The residents of the area complained about low voltage, frequent interruptions and voltage fluctuation, which was a source of great anguish for them. Load shedding was cited as one of the problems faced by the people as well. The people were generally supportive of the HESCO's initiative to establish the new grid station, and expected the Utility to incorporate all standard safety measures in the system. The residents of the area complained about lack of the development activities, in particular unavailability of drinking water in the area. They expected the project to provide jobs to them and also attract further development in the area. Consultations were also held with the women of the area in order to inform them about the project, and to solicit their views and apprehensions. 7.6.5 Humayun - Jacobabad Transmission Line Route The communities consulted along the proposed route generally supported the project. They expected HESCO to compensate any crop damage caused by the construction activities. They expected that with the laying of the new transmission line, the electricity availability and its quality will improve. The people informed that they currently experienced frequent power outages, low voltage and extended load shedding. eu= 7-6 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S07 Stakeholder Consultation HESCO 6m STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report A congested settlement exists near the Jacobabad grid station along the proposed route for the transmission line. In view of the congested and unplanned nature of the settlement, the proposed transmission line will have to be routed over the houses, and no alternative exists for this segment of the line. The residents of this settlement were consulted as part of the stakeholder consultations. The respondents were unanimous regarding the danger this transmission line would pose while passing over their houses. Their concerns included their inability to construct higher buildings, owing to the low height of the transmission line, and risk of electrocution. They also shared their concerns regarding the harmful effects of the electromagnetic radiation caused by the high tension wires. While the residents acknowledged that the new transmission line would provide better electricity supply to the area, and they will also be benefited in this process, they opined that the grid station should be moved outside the city. (As discussed in Section 6.2.2, no alternative exists for this segment of the transmission line. However, appropriate measures have been included in the mitigation plan in Chapter 9 and 10, to address these impacts and public grievances). The participants of other consultation meetings along the transmission line route expected HESCO to compensate them fully in case of any crops damaged during the project. They expected HESCO to incorporate all the necessary safety measures in the electricity network to protect them from the electrocution risk. They also hoped that the project would provide jobs to the local population, particularly the project affectees. Consultations were also held with the women of the area in order to inform them about the project, and to solicit their views and apprehensions. 7.6.6 Transmission Line Route for Larkana-lil Grid Station Feed The people interviewed along the proposed route shared their grievances associated with low voltage, frequent power outages and over billing. The population of the area greatly suffered because of the prevailing problems with the electric supply. The people were in general supportive of the proposed project. Their concerns included possibility for damaged crops during the construction phase. They expected HESCO to compensate them for any such crop damage. They also expected HESCO to take all precautionary measures to minimize the safety hazards associated with the transmission lines. They also asserted that the project should provide employment opportunities to them. Consultations were also held with the women of the area in order to inform them about the project, and to solicit their views and apprehensions. 7.6.7 Tando Allahyar - Chamber Transmission Line Route Several consultations were carried out along the proposed route for the Tando Allahyar - Chamber transmission line. The people interviewed informed about low voltage and frequent power outages. In addition, they complained about the difficulty in contacting the HESCO staff in case of electricity faults, and long durations to rectify such faults. e__N 7-7 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S07 Stakeholder Consultation HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report The people were in general supportive of the proposed project. They were generally aware that there would be some damage to the crops during the construction period, and they expected HESCO to provide compensation for such damages. The community along the proposed transmission line route near the Tando Allahyar grid station (along the Hyderabad - Mirpur Khas Road) shared their concerns about the project. They wanted that portion of the transmission line to be re-routed to avoid their houses/shops. The communities expected that the project would create employment opportunities for them, and expected HESCO to provide them jobs. Some of the communities along the transmission line route, who currently do not have electricity supply, expected HESCO to provide them electricity connections. The communities present during the consultation expected HESCO to take all precautionary measures to protect them against the electrocution risk. The rural women were also included in the consultations, in order to inform them about the project, and to solicit their views and apprehensions. 7.6.8 Transmission Line Route for Tando Bago Grid Station Feed Consultations were held at several places along the proposed route. The people interviewed complained about low voltage and frequent power outages. They informed that the population of the area suffered as a result of power outages and load shedding. The people were in general supportive of the proposed project. Their concerns included possibility for damaged crops during the construction phase. They expected HESCO to compensate them for any such crop damage. They also expected the project to provide employment opportunities to the locals. Consultations were also held with the women of the area in order to inform them about the project, and to solicit their views and apprehensions. 7.6.9 Transmission Line Route for Matiari Grid Station Feed A consultation was held in the cultivation field along the proposed route of the Matiari grid station feed. The people interviewed shared their grievances associated with low voltage and frequent power outages. They informed that the daily life of the people in the area was badly affected as a result of power outages and load shedding. The people were in general supportive of the proposed project. Their concerns included possibility for damaged crops during the construction phase. They expected HESCO to compensate them for any such crop damage. They also wanted HESCO to provide them jobs during the project. Consultations were also held with the women of the area in order to inform them about the project, and to solicit their views and apprehensions. 7.6.10 Transmission Line Route for Kandiari Grid Stalion Feed The people interviewed along the proposed route complained about low voltage, frequent power outages, faulty meters and over billing. The population of the area greatly suffered because of the prevailing problems with the electric supply. 7-8 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S07 Stakeholder Consultation HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report The people were in general supportive of the proposed project, though some of them were not too sure about the project's benefits for them. Their concerns included possibility for damaged crops during the construction phase. They expected HESCO to compensate them for any such crop damage. They also wanted the project to provide employment opportunities to the local population. 7.6.11 Samaro - Naukot Transmission Line Route Several consultations were held along the proposed route of the Samaro - Naukot transmission line. These consultations were held in the cultivation fields, at the road-side restaurants and in the communities. The people interviewed shared their grievances associated with the low voltage, frequent power outages, faulty meters and over billing. The population of the area greatly suffered as a result of power outages and load shedding. The people were in general supportive of the proposed project. Their concerns included compensation for damaged crops during the construction phase. The communities present during the consultation expected HESCO to take all precautionary measures to protect them against the electrocution risk. They also hoped that the project would provide employment opportunities to them. The rural women were also included in the consultations, in order to inform them about the project, and to solicit their views and apprehensions. 7.7 Summary of Concerns and Recommendations A summary of the concerns raised and recommendations provided by the institutional as well as the grass root stakeholders is provided in Exhibit 7.4. An attempt has been made, during the present ESA, to address these concerns (discussed in Chapters 8 and 9). eLA 7-9 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S07 Stakeholder Consultation HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 7.1: Participation Framework Project Stage Proposed Tool Stakeholders Consulted Responsibility Project Design Meetings with institutional stakeholders (carried out Institutional stakeholders; ESA consultant. Phase during the present ESA); Grass root stakeholders, including Meetings with grass root stakeholders (carried out the communities to be affected during the present ESA) during the project implementation. (See Section 7.3 for a list of key stakeholders.) Project I Sharing of the project objectives, project components, Institutional stakeholders; Environmental and Social Construction major benefits, potential impacts, mitigation measures Grass root stakeholders, including Inspector (ESI); Phase and Resettlement Plan with the affected communities the communities to be affected Environmental and Social (and other stakeholders). I during the project implementation. Monitor (ESM) (See Section 10 for the definition and roles of ESI -__ --and ESM). Grievance Redressal Mechanism and Social Complaint The affected communities. ESI; Register (discussed in Chapter 10). ESM. Consultations with the communities during Compliance Affected communities. ESI; Monitoring and Effects Monitoring (discussed in ESM. Section 10). - -. Fortnightly meetings at the site. HESCO site staff; ESI; Contractors. ESM. Consultations with the project affectees / communities Affected communities. External monitoring during the external monitoring (discussed in consultant. Chapter 10). Consultations with the project affectees / communities HESCO site staff; WB monitoring missions. during the site visits by the WB monitoring missions. Contractors; The affected communities. eLA 7-10 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S07 Stakeholder Consultation HESCO 6' STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report . Contd., Exhibit 7.1. Project Stage Proposed Tool Stakeholders Consulted Responsibility Project Liaison with the communities around the grid stations; The communities around the grid HESCO O&M staff; Operation Liaison with the communities along the transmission stations and along the HESCO Environmental Cell Phase line routes. transmission line routes. (discussed in Chapter 10). ESAs of Meetings with institutional stakeholders; Institutional stakeholders; ESA Consultant. subsequent Meetings with grass root stakeholders. Grass root stakeholders, including phases of the the communities to be affected 6th STG Project. during the project implementation; Affectees of the previous phase of the project (ie, 6th STG Project, l_ 2006-07). eLA 7-11 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S07 Stakeholder Consultation HESCO 6' STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 7.2: Conceptual Framework Identification of grass-root and institutional stakeholders Individual Individual Group consultation consultations with consultations with with the grass-root the institutional the grass-root stakeholders stakeholders stakeholders [ Discussions on the likely impacts of the project [ Identification of the mitigation of 1 the project's impacts J 7-12 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S07 Stakeholder Consultation HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 7.3: List of Participants during Grass Root Consultations Location Number and Type Key Issue Discussed I of Participants Bukhshapur Grid 99 1 Inadequacy of the existing power supply Station Site and its 1 Residents, in the area; Surroundings farmers, Frequent load shedding and power housewives, outages causing hardship and economic landowners, mill j loss; owners, UC The project should minimize crop Nazims, damage; influentials and oleras. a Compensation should be paid for any crop damage/land acquisition. Project should provide employment opportunities to the local population. Humayun - 122 Frequent power failures and voltage Jacobabad Residents of the i fluctuation; Transmission Line areas, housewives, Full compensation should be paid for any Route farmers, crop damage. shopkeepers, All safety precautions should be taken to teachers, road-side install electrical system. restaurant The residents of communities near brick kilne workers Jacobabad Grid Station opposed the brick kiln workers transmission line passing over their and others. houses and shops. Project should provide employment opportunities to the local population. Larkana-11l Grid 46 Frequent power failures and low voltage. Station and its Feed Residents of Frequent load shedding and power nearby villages, outages, causing hardship and economic farmers, traders, loss. housewives, Full compensation should be paid for any shopkeepers, imam crop damage/land acquisition. masjid and others. HESCO should take precautionary measures to minimize the risk of electrocution. Project should provide jobs to the local population. Tando Bago Grid 23 Frequent power failures and voltage Station and its Feed Residents of the fluctuation. area, farmers, Payment of compensation for any crop influentials, damage. landowners, Project should provide employment traders, opportunities to the local population. housewives. 7-13 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S07 Stakeholder Consultation HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report ...Continued Exhibit 7.3. Location Number and Type | Key Issue Discussed of Participants L Chamber Grid 71 Frequent power failures and voltage Station and its Feed Shopkeepers, truck fluctuation. drivers, road-side IMinimize crop damage. i restaurant owners I Payment of compensation for any crop and workers, Idamage. farmers, landoners, ! Apprehensions regarding the I Nazim,onfluentr , U transmission line alignment adjacent to housewives andn the commercial area near Tando housewives and ! Iteachers. Allahyar grid station. Safety precautions should be taken I during the project works. Project should provide employment opportunities to the local population. Project should provide electricity to those communities which currently do not have electricity connections. Matiari Grid Station I 11 Frequent power failures and voltage Feed ^Farmers, residents ifluctuation. and housewives. Project should provide employment iopportunities to the local population. Full compensation should be paid for any ___ [crop damage/land acquisition. Kandiari Grid Station 13 Frequent power failures and voltage Feed Farmers, NGO fluctuation. worker, Payment of compensation for any crop landowners, 1 damage. I roadside restaurant Project should provide employment workers and others. jopportunities to the local population. Samaro - Naukot 34 Frequent power failures and voltage Transmission Line Farmers, Govt. fluctuation. servants, Minimize crop damage. shopkeepers, Payment of compensation for any crop influentials and damage. housewives. |All necessary safety precautions should be taken during the project works and during the operation of the system. Project should provide employment | opportunities to the local population. eLA,N 7-14 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S07 Stakeholder Consultation HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 7.4: Summary of Communities' Concerns and Expectations Institutional Stakeholders Concerns Raised Land acquisition issues. | Possibility of soil and water contamination caused by the PCB-containing transformer oil. Construction-related issues, such as waste disposal, soil erosion and hazard for communities. Effects of electromagnetic radiation caused by the high power transmission lines. Recommendations Provided HESCO should conduct environmental and social assessment of all of its projects. HESCO should develop organizational capacity for managing the environmental as well as social issues during its operations. HESCO should ensure community participation during all phases of the project. The PCB elimination program should be developed and implemented. Grass Root Stakeholders Concerns Raised Safety hazards caused by the transmission lines. Possibility of transmission line passing over the settlements and through the cultivation fields. Low height of the transmission line (Humayun - Jacobabad) thus causing safety hazard, and not allowing the residents to construct taller buildings/install antenna, etc. Electromagnetic radiation caused by the transmission line. Expectations Shared HESCO should take all safety precautions to minimize safety hazards associated with the transmission lines. The transmission line should avoid passing over the settlements or through the cultivation fields. The transmission line construction should minimize crop damage. Compensation should be paid to the affectees for any crop damage or land acquisition during the project. HESCO should provide employment opportunities to the local population near the project sites. HESCO should provide electricity to the communities near the project sites currently not covered by the electricity network. eLA 7-15 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S07 HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 8 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation This Chapter assesses the potential impacts of the HESCO's proposed project (see Section 1.4.3 for components of the proposed project) on the physical and biological environment of the project area. Also provided in the Chapter is the significance of the potential impacts, the recommended mitigation measures to minimize if not eliminate the potentially adverse impacts, and the residual impacts. 8.1 Impact Assessment Process This section provides the environmental (and social') impact assessment process that was employed during the present ESA. 8.1.1 Screening of Environmental Impacts As part of the environmental impact assessment process, a screening matrix was developed - tailored specifically to the proposed project - focusing the potential environmental impacts during the design, construction and operation phases. The matrix examined the interaction of project activities with various components of the environment. The impacts were broadly classified as physical, biological and social, and then each of these broad categories further divided into different aspects. The potential impacts thus predicted were characterized in the matrix as follows: * High negative (adverse) impact, * Low negative impact, * Insignificant impact, * High positive (beneficial) impact, * Low positive impact, and * No impact. The negative impacts predicted in this manner were the 'unmitigated' impacts. Appropriate mitigation measures were recommended as part of this ESA, thus reducing the occurrence possibility and severity of the potentially adverse impacts. The negative impacts identified through this process are discussed later in the Chapter. 8.1.2 Impact Characterization Once the potentially adverse impacts were identified as discussed above, these impacts were characterized. Various aspects of the impact characterization included: * Nature (direct/indirect) * Duration of impact (short term, medium term, long term) * Geographical extent (local, regional) Social impacts are discussed in Chapter 9. 8-1 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S08 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6"h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report * Timing (project phase: before, during and after construction) * Reversibility of impact (reversible/irreversible) * Likelihood of the impact (certain, likely, unlikely, rare) * Impact consequence severity (severe, moderate, mild). The above aspects of environmental and social impact characterization are defined in Exhibit 8.1. 8.1.3 Impact Assessment and Mitigation The impact assessment was carried out on the basis of impact characterization discussed above. It uses all the attributes of an impact listed above (and defined in Exhibit 8.1), particularly the likelihood of occurrence and consequence severity, in order to assess the impact to be of 'high', 'medium' or 'low' significance, as shown in Exhibit 8.2. Each environmental impact of the proposed project identified during the screening stage (as given in Section 8.1.1) and then characterized (as defined in Section 8.1.2), was assessed per the criteria given in Exhibit 8.2. A project is not environmental (or socially) acceptable if it results in impacts with 'high' significance. Therefore, the impacts with 'high' significance must be brought down to 'medium' or 'low' significance through appropriate mitigation measures. An attempt is also made to bring the impacts with 'medium' significance to 'low' significance; environmental monitoring is necessary for such impacts to ensure that these do not transform to 'high' significance impacts. The impacts with 'low' significance do not usually need any mitigation. 8.1.4 Determination of Mitigation Measures Subsequent to the impact characterization and assessment, appropriate mitigation measures were identified, in order to minimize if not completely eliminate the adverse impacts associated with project activities. The hierarchy of the mitigation measures is as follows. First, an attempt is made to altogether avoid the adverse impact through change in design, location or method of carrying out the proposed activity. If this is not possible, the significance of the impact is reduced through appropriate mitigation measures. As a last resort, compensatory measures are taken to minimize the adverse impacts of the proposed activities. 8.1.5 Assessment of Residual Impacts The mitigation measures discussed above cannot always completely eliminate the adverse impacts of the project activities; often there are residual impacts even after the implementation of these measures. The final step of the entire impact assessment process is to determine the residual impact. These residual impacts are monitored during the project execution, in order to ensure that these remain insignificant. The environmental impact characterization, mitigation measures and residual impacts are discussed in the following sections (the socioeconomic impacts and their mitigation are covered in the next Chapter). eL 8-2 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S08 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 8.2 Design Phase Considerations The decisions made at the design phase of any project can be quite far reaching. For the proposed project, the aspects which can be significant with respect to the environmental impacts include: * Site selection for grid stations * Route selection for transmission lines * Type of equipment. The design phase impacts are screened in Exhibit 8.3 and characterized in Exhibit 8.4, and can be readily preempted and avoided. These concerns and the measures to avoid/minimize them are tabularized below. Likely Causes of Measures to be Incorporated in Project Design to Impacts Environmental Avoid Environmental Impacts Impacts Soil erosion Poor site selection; iU Areas having unstable soil will be avoided for the unstable soils. grid station sites and transmission line routes. a Canal and river banks will be avoided while placing the transmission line towers. Soil and Absence of appropriate * Appropriate waste disposal systems will be water waste (solid and liquid) included in the design of the grid stations and contamination disposal associated facilities. arrangements/systems Using transformers * The transformer procured during the proposed with PCB-containing project will be PCB-free. oil. * Leaked oil collection arrangement (such as a channel and a drain pit below the transformers) will be incorporated in the design of the transformer foundations at the grid stations. Loss of Routing the I * Areas having precious/sensitive natural natural transmission lines vegetation and wildlife resources will be avoided vegetation through forested and for the grid station sites and transmission line and threat to wildlife-sensitive areas routes, where possible. wildlife I I * Protected areas (national parks, wildlife I sanctuaries and game reserves) will be avoided while selecting the grid station sites and transmission line routes. e 8-3 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S08 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 8.3 Construction Phase Impacts The construction phase will be by far the most significant part of the proposed project with respect to environmental considerations, since most of the impacts are likely to take place during this period. Various construction activities will invariably create environmental disturbances, which may have impacts on the physical and biological resources of the area (see Exhibit 8.3). Such impacts include the following: * Physical Environment * Soil erosion, degradation * Air quality deterioration * Water contamination * Biological Environment * Loss of/damage to the floral resources (natural vegetation) of the area * Loss of/damage to faunal resources (wildlife) of the area. These impacts are characterized in Exhibit 8.5 and can be readily preempted and mitigated. The mitigation measures recommended in this section will need to be incorporated in the execution of the project. These impacts and their respective mitigation measures are discussed below. 8.3.1 Soil Erosion and Degradation The soil-related issues include soil erosion, slope stability, and soil contamination. Soil erosion is likely to be caused by the vehicular traffic on unpaved roads, land clearing for construction camps, grid stations and transmission line towers, and the subsequent construction activities. Soil may be contaminated as a result of fuel/oils/chemicals spillage and leakage, and inappropriate waste (solid as well as liquid) disposal. This is a potential impact at all of the project sites. Exhibits 4.17 to 4.23 show the key locations of these impacts in various parts of the project area. The unmitigated impacts related to soil erosion and contamination are characterized below. * Nature: Direct * Duration: Long term * Geo extent: Local * Reversibility: Mostly irreversible * Likelihood: Likely * Consequence: Major eLAN 8-4 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S08 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report * Impact significance: High. Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures will minimize the soil erosion and contamination: * Soil Erosion * Cut and fill at the proposed grid station site will be carefully designed, and ideally should balance each other. The surplus soil, if any, will be disposed at places approved by HESCO (the organizational arrangements for the environmental management during the project construction phase are defined in Chapter 10 of this report). Such sites will be selected after surveying the area and ensuring that soil deposition will not have any significant impacts, such as loss of productive land, blocked access, natural vegetation or disturbance to drainage. *. If necessary, fill material for grid station sites will be obtained from appropriate locations approved by HESCO. Such locations will be selected after surveying the area and ensuring that soil extraction will not have any significant impacts, such as soil erosion, loss of natural vegetation or disturbance to drainage. * Where the use of cultivated land is unavoidable for obtaining the fill material, the top 30 cm soil layer will be removed and stockpiled for redressing the land after removal of the borrow material. The excavation in such areas will be limited to 50 cm depth. * The fill material will not be obtained from any cultivation fields or orchards, without the permission of the land owner/cultivator. * Areas from where the fill material is obtained or surplus soil deposited, will be landscaped to minimize erosion and hazard for people and livestock. * Construction camp will be located in a stable and flat area, requiring minimal devegetation and leveling. The contractor(s) will obtain approval from the HESCO for this purpose. * Embankments and excavated slopes will not be left untreated/unattended for long durations. Appropriate slope stabilization measures will be taken per the design (eg, stone pitching). * Vehicular traffic on unpaved roads will be avoided as far as possible. Operation of vehicles and machinery close to the water channels, water reservoirs and water ponds will be minimized. * After the completion of the construction works, the transmission line routes, campsites and other construction sites will be completely restored. No debris, surplus construction material or any garbage will be left behind. * Photographic record will be maintained for pre-project, during-construction and post-construction condition of the sites (grid station, transmission line/feeder routes, camps and access roads). * Soil Contamination *- Vehicles and construction equipment will not be repaired in the field. If unavoidable, impervious sheathing will be used to avoid soil and water contamination. * For the domestic sewage from the construction camps, appropriate treatment and disposal system, such as septic tanks and soaking pits, will be constructed having adequate capacity. The contractor(s) will submit to the HESCO the plans for the camp layout and waste disposal system, and obtain approval. 8-5 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S08 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6e STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report * Waste oils will be collected in drums and sold to the recycling contractors. * The inert recyclable waste from the site (such as card board, drums, broken/used parts, etc.) will be sold to recycling contractors. The hazardous waste will be kept separate and handled according to the nature of the waste. * Domestic solid waste from the construction camp will be disposed in a manner that does not cause soil contamination. The waste disposal plan submitted by the contractor(s) will also address the solid waste. Residual Impacts Appropriate construction practices and management actions as listed above will greatly minimize the soil erosion and contamination. The significance of the residual impacts is therefore expected to be 'low'. The environmental monitoring (discussed in Chapter 10) during the project execution will ensure compliance to the above mitigation measures and their adequacy, as well as significance of the residual impacts. 8.3.2 Air Quality Deterioration Construction machinery and project vehicles will release exhaust emissions, containing carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and particulate matter (PM). These emissions can deteriorate the ambient air quality in the immediate vicinity of the project sites. Furthermore, construction activities such as excavation, leveling, filling and vehicular movement on unpaved tracks may also cause fugitive dust emissions. The project components that are located close to the communities, and may cause air quality deterioration include: * Bukhshapur grid station site * Chamber grid station site * Portions of the Tando Allahyar - Chamber transmission line * Larkana-lil grid station site * Portions of the feed for the Larkana-11l grid station * Portions of the Humayun - Jacobabad transmission line * Portions of the feed for Kandiari grid station * Naukot grid station * Samaro grid station * Portions of the Samaro - Naukot transmission line. Exhibits 4.17 to 4.23 show the key locations of these impacts in various parts of the project area. Rest of the project sites are well away from the communities, hence no air quality issues are expected to arise. The unmitigated impacts related to air quality deterioration are characterized below. e 8-6 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S08 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6 STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report * Nature: Direct * Duration: Short term * Geo extent: Local * Reversibility: Reversible * Likelihood: Likely * Consequence: Minor * Impact significance: Medium. Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures will minimize the emissions and their impacts: * Air quality analysis at each of the grid station sites will be conducted before mobilization of the construction crew, in order to establish baseline conditions of the ambient air quality at these locations. * Construction camps will be established at least 500 m from communities (except when such camps are established inside the grid stations). The contractor(s) will obtain HESCO's approval for this purpose, as mentioned earlier. * Construction machinery, generators and vehicles will be kept in good working condition and properly tunned, in order to minimize the exhaust emissions. The exhaust emissions will comply with the NEQS (Exhibit 2.3). * Fugitive dust emissions will be minimized by appropriate methods, such as spraying water on soil, where required and appropriate. The waste water from kitchen and washing area of the construction camp may be used for water spraying. * Project vehicles will avoid passing through the communities and cultivation fields as far as possible. If unavoidable, speed will be reduced to 15 km/h to avoid excessive dust emissions. * While working within the communities for works such as transmission line laying, coordination with the communities will be maintained to minimize any detrimental impacts on the crops and settlements. * Ambient air quality analysis will be canied out at the grid station sites once every two months during the construction phase. Residual Impacts The above measures will reduce the magnitude of the adverse impacts of the project on the ambient air quality, but will not eliminate them completely. However, the significance of the residual impacts on the air quality is expected to be low. The environmental monitoring (discussed in Chapter 10) during the project execution will ensure compliance to the above mitigation measures and their adequacy, as well as significance of the residual impacts. 8-7 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S08 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 8.3.3 Surface Water and Groundwater Contamination The project activities that can contaminate soil, may also contaminate the surface water and groundwater. These include: * Disposal of construction waste * Solid waste disposal from construction camps * Waste effluents disposal * Equipment/vehicle maintenance * Spillage/leakage of fuels, oils and chemicals. In addition, vehicles and construction machinery operation near water bodies/water courses can potentially contaminate the surface water. These impacts may be encountered at all of the sites during the construction phase of the project. However, at the project locations which are near the settlements (such as those listed in Section 8.3.2 above), the consequence of these impacts will be more severe. Exhibits 4.17 to 4.23 show the key locations of these impacts in various parts of the project area. The unmitigated impacts of the proposed construction activities on the water quality of the area are characterized below. * Nature: Direct and indirect * Duration: Short to medium term * Geo extent: Local * Reversibility: mostly reversible * Likelihood: Likely * Consequence: Major * Impact significance: High. Mitigation Measures The mitigation measures recommended to forestall soil contamination will also prevent water surface and groundwater contamination. Additional mitigation measures are given below. * The groundwater quality analysis at each of the grid station sites (and campsites if established outside the grid stations) will be conducted before mobilization of the construction crew, in order to establish baseline conditions of the water quality at these locations. * Construction camp will not be located within 500 m of rivers and major canals (unless it is placed inside the grid station). Location will be finalized after obtaining HESCO's approval. eLAN 8-8 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S08 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report * The contractor(s) will submit to the HESCO the plans for the camp layout and waste disposal system, and obtain approval. * Groundwater quality analysis will be carried out at the grid station sites and campsites once a month during the construction phase. Residual Measures If the recommended mitigation measures are effectively employed, the project activities are unlikely to contaminate the water resources of the area in any significant manner. The residual impacts of the project on the water quality will therefore be negligible. The environmental monitoring (discussed in Chapter 10) during the project execution will ensure compliance to the above mitigation measures and their adequacy, as well as significance of the residual impacts. 8.3.4 Loss of Natural Vegetation Land will have to be cleared for the grid stations, transmission line towers and parts of the transmission line routes. However all of the project sites are located in areas where the natural habitat has long been modified for habitation or cultivation. The sites selected/identified for the grid stations are located in cultivated areas. Hence establishment of these grid stations will not cause any damage to the natural vegetation of the area. Similarly none of the transmission line routes would be located in areas where any sensitive or significant natural vegetation now exists. No protected areas are known to exist at or around the project sites. For clearing the vegetation under the transmission lines, chemical herbicides are also sometimes used. Indiscriminate usage of this method can cause significant loss of biodiversity. Construction crew can also indulge in tree/shrub cutting to obtain fuel wood. The unmitigated impacts of the proposed activities on the floral resources of the area are characterized below. * Nature: Direct * Duration: Medium to long term * Geo extent: Local * Reversibility: Irreversible (reversible in medium to long term) * Likelihood: Unlikely to Possibly * Consequence: Mild to Moderate * Impact significance: Low to Medium. Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures will further minimize negative impacts on the floral resource of the area: e 8-9 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S08 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report * Clearing of natural vegetation and cutting of trees will be minimized as far as possible during the transmission line works. * Herbicides will not be used to clear vegetation along the transmission line route (or at other project locations). * For each transmission line route, a tree cutting plan will be prepared and submitted to HESCO for approval. A complete record will be maintained for any tree cutting or trimming. The record will include: the number, species, type, size, age, condition and photograph of the trees to be cut/trimmed. * The construction crew will be provided with LPG as cooking (and heating, if required) fuel. Use of fuel wood will not be allowed. * No fires will be allowed in the open. * Tree plantation plan will be developed and implemented at each of the grid stations included in the proposed project. Provisions will be made for tree plantation while designing the layout of the grid stations. This will compensate any tree cutting in the non forest area along the transmission lines. Indigenous tree species will be selected for plantation; Eucalyptus trees will not be used in any case. Residual Impact The potential impacts of the proposed project on the natural vegetation are expected to be mild in nature. With the help of the above mentioned mitigation measures, these impacts are expected to reduce further. Significance of the residual impacts on the floral resources of the area is therefore expected to be 'low'. The environmental monitoring (discussed in Chapter 10) during the project execution will ensure compliance to the above mitigation measures and their adequacy, as well as significance of the residual impacts. 8.3.5 Damage to Wildlife As stated in Section 8.3.4 above, most parts of the project area do not support any natural vegetation. Similarly, most of the native faunal species have long disappeared from the area, as a result of the expanding settlements and extensive cultivation. Whatever species currently exist in the area have adapted to the presence of human beings. None of the project activities are therefore expected to adversely affect whatever faunal resources are left in the area. Furthermore, no protected areas are known to exist at or near the project sites, as described above. The unmitigated impacts of the proposed activities on the faunal resources of the area are characterized below. * Nature: Direct * Duration: Medium to long term * Geo extent: Local * Reversibility: Reversible * Likelihood: Unlikely to Possibly C 2 8-10 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S08 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report * Consequence: Mild to Moderate * Impact significance: Low to Medium. Mitigation Measures * Measures to protect and rehabilitate floral resources of the area discussed in Section 8.3.4 above will also protect the wildlife resources of the area. * The measures to prevent soil and water contamination will forestall any adverse impact on the faunal resources of the area. * Garbage will not be left in the open. * The project staff will not be allowed to indulge in any hunting or trapping activities. * In case any project activity is carried out in any protected area, a separate environmental study will be carried out in accordance with the Change Management System defined in Section 10.8 of this document. Residual Impact The potential impacts of the proposed project on the wildlife of the area are expected to be mild in nature. With the help of the above mentioned mitigation measures, these impacts are expected to reduce further. Significance of the residual impacts on the faunal resources of the area is therefore expected to be 'low'. 8.4 Operation Phase Impacts The operation and maintenance (O&M) activities of the electricity network are environmentally benign by nature, and result in very few impacts, as shown in Exhibit 8.3 and listed below. * Contamination of soil and water as a result of inappropriate waste disposal (domestic solid waste, sewage, repair and maintenance waste, waste oils and chemicals, etc.) * Contamination of soil and water as a result of leakage of transformer oil. These negative impacts are characterized in Exhibit 8.6, and discussed below. 8.4.1 Soil Contamination The O&M activities of the grid stations generate several types of wastes, which can cause soil contamination. These are listed below. * Domestic solid waste from the offices and residences in the grid stations * Sewage from the offices and residences in the grid stations * Wastes from the repair and maintenance activities (discarded equipment and parts, packing materials, used oils and chemicals, cotton rags and the likes). In addition, leakage and spillage of transformer oil can contaminate soil. Of particular concem is the possible soil contamination with PCB, since the old transformers and circuit breakers in the HESCO system are still likely to contain PCB-containing transformer oil (see Section 6.3.3). e& 8-11 July 2007 FRTo7VO3HES-So8 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6' STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report These impacts can potentially occur at the grid stations included in the proposed project. These unmitigated impacts are characterized below. * Nature: Direct and indirect * Duration: Short to medium term * Geo extent: Local * Reversibility: Reversible * Likelihood: Likely * Consequence: Major * Impact significance: High. Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures will greatly minimize if not prevent the impacts of the proposed project's O&M activities on the soil of the area: * The grid stations will have appropriate solid waste collection and disposal arrangements. * The grid stations will have appropriate sewage handling system. The grid stations' sewage collection system will be connected to the Municipality operated sewerage system, if available. Otherwise, grid stations will have their own septic tanks and soakage pits. * Waste oils and chemicals will be disposed in accordance with their respective Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). MSDS will be made available at the grid stations and maintenance workshops. * Non-toxic recyclable waste (such as cardboard) will be given away for recycling. * Toxic waste will be stored separately, and incinerated at an appropriate double chamber incinerator. * Grid stations will have channels and drainage pits to collect any leaked oil from the transformers in the grid stations. This oil will be sent back to the workshop for recycling. * Any soil contaminated by the oil/chemical spillage will be removed and disposed off appropriately in accordance with the MSDS of the spilled oil/chemical. * HESCO's Environmental and Social Cell (ESC) will develop (or have it developed) a comprehensive plan for PCB testing and its complete elimination from all the transformers and circuit breakers from the entire network (an outline ToR of the PCB Elimination Plan development is provided in Exhibit 8.7). As a first step in this regard, the PCB test kits will be made available with the HESCO maintenance staff. Residual Impact With the help of the mitigation measures described above, the O&M activities will not have any significant impact on the soils of the area. eN 8-12 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S08 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 8.4.2 Water Contamination The O&M activities which can contaminate soil can also adversely affect the surface as well as groundwater of the area. These include: * Improper disposal of domestic solid waste from the offices and residences in the grid stations * Improper disposal of sewage from the offices and residences in the grid stations * Improper waste disposal from the repair and maintenance activities (discarded equipment and parts, packing materials, used oils and chemicals, cotton rags and the likes). In addition, leakage and spillage of transformer oil can contaminate soil. These impacts can potentially occur at all of the grid stations included in the proposed project. These unmitigated impacts are characterized below. * Nature: Direct and indirect * Duration: Short to medium term * Geo extent: Local * Reversibility: Reversible * Likelihood: Likely * Consequence: Major * Impact significance: High. Mitigation Measures The mitigation measures recommended in Section 8.4.1 will also forestall any water contamination that could be caused by the project's O&M activities as well. eA 8-13 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S08 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 8.1: Impact Characterization Categories Characteristics Nature Direct: The environmental parameter is directly changed by the project. Indirect: The environmental parameter changes as a result of change in another parameter Duration of impact Short-term: lasting only for the duration of the project such as noise from the construction activities. Medium-term: lasting for a period of few months to a year after the project before naturally reverting to the original condition such as loss of vegetation due to dearing of campsite, contamination of soil or water by fuels or oil. Long-term: lasting for a period much greater than medium term impact before naturally reverting to the original condition such as loss of soil due to soil erosion. Geographical extent Local, regional (spatial dimension) Timing Construction and Operation Reversibility of Reversible: when a receptor resumes its pre-project condition impact Irreversible: when a receptor does not or cannot resume its pre-project condition Likelihood of the Almost Certain: Impact expected to occur under most circumstances impact Likely: Impact will probably occur under most circumstances Possibly: Impact may possibly occur at some time Unlikely: Impact could occur at some time Rare: Impact may occur but only under exceptional circumstances Impact Major: When an activity causes irreversible damage to a unique consequence environmental feature; causes a decline in abundance or change in severity distribution over more than one generation of an entire population of species of flora or fauna; has long-term effects (period of years) on socioeconomic activities of significance on regional level. Moderate: When an activity causes long-term (period of years), reversible damage to a unique environmental feature; causes reversible damage or change in abundance or distribution over one generation of a population of flora or fauna; has short-term effects (period of months) on socioeconomic activities of significance on regional level. Minor: When an activity causes short-term (period of a few months) reversible damage to an environmental feature; slight reversible damage to a few species of flora or fauna within a population over a short period; has short term (period of months) effects on socioeconomic activities of local significance. Negligible: When no measurable damage to physical, socioeconomic, or biological environment above the existing level of impact occurs. Significance of Categorized as High, Medium, or Low impact Based on the consequence, likelihood, reversibility, geographical extent, and duration; level of public concern; and conformance with legislative of statutory requirements. 8-14 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S08 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 8.2: Impact Assessment Probability of Impact Severity * Occurrence of Impact Severe Moderate Mild Certain Medium Certain_ Significance Likely Medium Low Likely Significance Significance U kMedium Low Low Unlikely Significance Significance Significance 8-15 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S08 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6 thSTG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 8.3: Environmental and Social Screening Matrix (Unmitigated) Physical Biological Social and SocioeconoMiC2 Cz~zo - C__ Q 1 Zd Lo 6 C (J a) - u E> 0 T 0 ~ a Cy*~ ~5 00 i Rot Slcio oCrnC)so II~ C ' -z z C) co) 0 0 Site Selection for Grid Stations -110 0 _ -1 -1 OJ1 -1 0 -2 -2 N -11-110 -1 0 010 0 -1 -1 OiOI-1I-1 O -2 -2 -1 0 i-1 0 a - Lines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . - - Design of Grid Station -2 0 -2 -2 0 0~ 00 0O 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2 1 0 0 Equipment Selection -210 -2 -2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 N -2 0 0 0 Construction Phase-Grid Stations Land Acquisition ___N N N N N N N -1 N -2 -2 -1 -2 N N N N N N Mobilization of Contractors -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -2 -1 0 -2 -1 -1 010 -1 Construction Camp Establishment -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 0 -1 -1 -2 -2 -1 -1 -2 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 Construction Camp Operation -2 - -2 -2 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0 10 0 0 -1 -1 -2 0 1-I -1 Transportation of Construction ~0 0 01 - 2- i2 - - 0 0 - Materials and Supplies Excavation for Foundations -2 L-IEL-11 -1 0 0 __-1- 0 0 0 0 -2 0 -1 0 0 0 Construction Works -21-1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 11 0 _ __ 2 0 1 0 4 4 0 -1 EquipmentlInstallation oK l l l 0 01- 00 Testing and Commissioning olYfOV16 o f o 0 00 o { 0L2ilt -2 rto l 0 of 2 Social impacts are discussed in Chapter 9. ___8-16 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S08 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6 thSTG Project (2006-07) ESA Report ...Contd. Exhibit 8.3 Physical Biological Social and Socioeconomic F co11 CY NC~N CO o C oc ~ C / - ) IO 1C) ( LadAqisto2 N N - 2 -2 -1-2 Q N NaN Moilzaioofonrato --l-i __)10 -1- -21-1 -2-1- O ConsrucionCampEstblihmen -1 -1 1 - 0 - 0 1 - -2 2 - -1 -2 - -1 -1 1 - Construction ofaFoundatinsm-i1s1-s-ion0 - - - 1 MoblictionofTContrs tores 01 -1 01 0 0 01 0 0 -1 02 02 0 0 -2 0 -1I 0 0 01 Costring iong 0apEtbihet -1 01 0 0 01 0 0 -1 -1 02 01 0 -2 0 1 0 0 0 CoestrcingndCammissraionin 02 01 2 0 0 01 0 0 0 01 0 0 0 0 12 01 I1 0 1 Econtactioor Deobiliations -2 -1 -1 -1 L - 0 0 -1 0 -1 0 0 2 0 - CosrucStioa fondat ions -2~ 01-21-210- 0 0 Oj-1O 0 - 0 01-2 O -2 0 i0 0 Trsigans omissioniLneg& o o oEQia o 0 oLo -i -1V7 o-2 0 8-17 July 20070 o FRT07VO3HES-S08 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 8.4: Environmental Impact Characterization for Project Design Phase (Unmitigated) Impact Nature Duration Geo Reversibility Likelihood Consequence Impact Extent Severity Significance Soil Erosion, Direct Long term Local Irreversible Likely Major High Degradation Surface Water Indirect Short term Local Reversible Likely Major High Contamination Groundwater Indirect Medium Local Reversible Likely Major High Contamination term Loss of/Damage to Direct Medium to Local Irreversible Possibly Moderate Medium Natural Vegetation Long term Loss of/Damage to Direct Medium Local Reversible Possibly Moderate Medium Wildlife term e__ 8-18 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S08 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation HSO6I T rjc 20-7 ESA Report Exhibit 8.5: Environmental Impact Characterization for Project Construction Phase (Unmitigated) Impact Nature Duration Geo Reversibility Likelihood Consequence Impact Extent Severity Significance Physical Environment Soil Erosion, Direct Long term Local Irreversible Likely Major High Degradation__ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Air Quality Direct Short term Local Reversible Likely Minor Mediuim Deterioration Surface water Direct Short term Local Reversible Likely Major High Contamination Groundwater Indirect Medium Local Reversible Likely Major High Contamination term Water Consumption; Direct and Short term Local; Reversible Likely Moderate Medium Availability Indirect Regional Biological Resources Loss of/Damage to Direct Medium to Local Irreversible Unlikely to Mild to Moderate Low to Natural Vegetation Long term Possibly Medium Loss of/Damage to Direct Medium Local Reversible Unlikely to Mild to Moderate Low to VVildlife term Possibly Medium ____ 8-19 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-SO8 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) j ESA Report Exhibit 8.6: Environmental Impact Characterization for Project Operation Phase (Unmitigated) Impact Nature Duration Geo Reversibility Likelihood Consequence Impact Extent Severity Significance Soil Contamination Indirect Short to Local Reversible Likely Major High medium term Water Contamination Indirect Short to Local Reversible Likely Major High medium term 8-20 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S08 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 8.7: Outline ToR for Developing PCB Elimination Plan * Review of the HESCO O&M activities, and system to handle transformers and transformer oil * Review of the past practices in WAPDA to handle transformers and transformer oil * Review of the systems and practices at the WAPDA's and HESCO's transformer maintenance work shops * Study similar practices prevailing in other countries * Developing action plan to identify PCB-containing transformers * Developing action plan to segregate the PCB-free and PCB-containing transformers * Developing action plan to isolate the PCB-free and PCB-containing transformers at the maintenance workshops * Developing testing and monitoring procedures and systems * Developing the documentation system * Determining the capacity building needs and developing training program * Consultations with the key stakeholders (such as the EPAs and relevant professionals) * Report compiling. eu 8-21 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S08 HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 9 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation This Chapter assesses the potential socioeconomic impacts of the HESCO's proposed project. The chapter also determines the significance of the potential impacts, recommends mitigation measures to minimize if not eliminate the potentially adverse impacts, and identifies the residual impacts. 9.1 Socioeconomic Impact Assessment Process 9.1.1 Social Screening Checklist The social screening checklist provided in the ToR (see Appendix A for the ToR) was used to identify the key social issues associated with the proposed project and type of mitigation measures required to address them. Exhibit 9.1 summarizes the social issues given in the checklist. 9.1.2 Screening, Characterization and Assessment of Socioeconomic Impacts Screening, characterization and assessment of the project's socioeconomic impacts was carried out during this ESA, using the same framework as described in Section 8.1. 9.2 Design Phase Considerations Much like the environmental considerations during the design of the proposed project (discussed in Section 8.2), the following aspects of the project can have bearing on its socioeconomic performance: * Site selection for grid stations * Route selection for transmission lines * Equipment selection. The design phase considerations are screened in Exhibit 9.2 and characterized in Exhibit 9.3, and can be readily preempted and avoided. These concerns and the measures to avoid/minimize them are tabularized below. T Likely Causes of Impacts L Impacts Measures to be Incorporated in Project Design Resettlement Poor site selection; * The grid stations to be established during the Issues Poor route alignment proposed project will be located in open areas, free of any existing structure. * The transmission line routes included in the proposed project will be selected avoiding settlements, buildings, other structures and cultivation, as far as possible, thus l_ minimizing the resettlement issues (further e 9. July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S09 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Impacts Likely Causes of Measures to be Incorporated in Project Design * Impacts discussed later in the Chapter). Safety hazards Poor site selection; i All safety precautions will be taken to and public Poor route alignment minimize the safety hazards and risk of health concerns Inappropriate equipment accidental electrocution. These will include double periphery walls at the grid stations selection (such as PCB- n t i and appropriate clearance (between the live containing transformers) i wires/connectors and the buildings/structures/trees). * Transmission lines will not be routed through the settlements as far as possible. Appropriate clearance will be maintained all along the transmission lines. * Appropriate waste disposal systems will be induded in the design of the grid stations. These include sewage disposal, and if required, treatment system (eg, septic tank). * PCB-free transformers will be selected for the project. (This aspect is already included in the HESCO's transformer specifications.) Noise Poor equipment selection m The project equipment, particularly emissions transformers to be installed at the grid stations will meet the noise standards (70 dB(A) for industrial zones day and night; 45 dB(A) night and 55 dB(A) daytime for residential areas). Aesthetic value Intrusion in the natural * Tree plantation will be carried inside and at landscape the periphery of the grid stations, without compromising the safety aspects (ie, required clearances will be maintained). For this purpose, provision will be made in the site layout of the grid stations. Blocked access Poor site selection * While selecting the grid station site, it will be ensured that the facility does not block any existing route. Damage to Poor design/route * The transmission line route selection will be infrastructure selection of transmission carried out to minimize interaction with the line existing infrastructure. Appropriate design requirements (clearances, etc.) will be followed while crossing the roads, railway lines and canals. Similarly the tower locations will be selected at safe distances from roads, railway lines and canals. e9-2 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S09 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 9.3 Construction Phase Impacts Much like the environmental impacts described in Section 8.3, most of the socioeconomic concems will also arise during the construction phase of the proposed project. The key socioeconomic concerns of the construction phase as identified with the help of the screening process (Exhibit 9.2) are as follows: * Land acquisition and damage to crops * Damage to infrastructure * Damage to irrigation network * Blocked access * Noise and vibration * Safety hazard * Public health * Gender issues * Impacts on archeological, cultural, historical or religious significance. These impacts are characterized in Exhibit 9.4, and assessed in the following sections. 9.3.1 Land Acquisition and Asset Loss A total of 16 acres of land will need to be acquired for the four new grid stations envisaged during the proposed project. HESCO plans to acquire this land in accordance with the Land Acquisition Act on the basis of willing Seller - willing buyer. The land will be acquired on mutually agreed market price, and the landowner will have the option to refuse to sell the land. In addition, about 870 acres of land would be used as temporary right of way (RoW) along the transmission line routes during the construction phase (117 km long x 30 m wide), and about 30 acres of land for accessing the transmission line route during the construction phase (one route every 5 km; 500 m long, 10 m wide). For the towers of the transmission lines passing through the urban areas, considerable land will be required, which may not be available in the existing RoW (such as road sides). This aspect is likely to arise for the portions of the Humayun - Jacobabad and Tando Allahyar - Chamber transmission lines. Most parts of the transmission lines would pass over the cultivated land, thus causing damage to crops during the construction phase of the project. This crop damage would take place over a total area of about 790 acres; the total number of affectees would be about 400. Exhibit 9.5 provides a summary of the cultivated land that would fall under the proposed transmission lines (detailed list of the affected land and project affectees (ie, PAPs) is provided in Section E.2 of Appendix E). The project sites where this issue will be encountered include: AN 9-3 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S09 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report * Portions of the Tando Allahyar - Chamber transmission line * Feed for the Larkana-l l grid station * Portions of the Humayun - Jacobabad transmission line * Feed for Kandiari grid station * Portions of the Samaro - Naukot transmission line * Portions of the feed for Tando Bago grid station * Feed for the Matiari grid station. In addition to the crops, some parts of the transmission line would pass through the orchards (see Exhibits 4.18, 4.20, 4.21 and 4.23, for Tando Allahyar - Chamber transmission line, Feed for Matiari GS, Feed for Kandiari GS, and Samaro - Naukot transmission line, respectively). The proposed project is not likely to cause any other asset loss (please see Exhibits 4.17 to 4.23 for the route maps of the transmission lines and key environmental/socioeconomic features along them). The unmitigated impacts related to the land acquisition and damaged crops are characterized as 'high', as shown in Exhibit 9.4. Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures are proposed to avoid potential losses due to land take and involuntary resettlement. * A Resettlement Plan (RP) has been prepared to address the involuntary resettlement, including the damaged crops, caused by the project activities. The RP provides the entitlement framework, which is provided in Exhibit 9.6. Other aspects covered in the RP include institutional and implementation framework, the monitoring and documentation systems and the grievance redressal mechanism. (The RP is a stand-alone document and provided under separate cover.) * Compensation will be paid for the crops damaged during the construction activities (see Exhibit 9.5 for cultivated lands falling under the transmission lines). The compensation will be paid to the cultivator, and absence of the land title will not be a bar to receiving the compensation. * Complete record will be maintained for the determination and payment of the compensation. * It will be ensured that the land under the 1 32-KV and 66-KV transmission line tower remains available for cultivation (see Exhibit 9.7 for a typical tower with cultivation underneath). * In case the above is not possible, the land under the tower will be acquired in accordance with the LAA procedures (Section 17.4 of the LAA will not be used). * Operation of project vehicles and construction machinery outside the RoW will be avoided. Attempts will be made to use existing tracks/roads to access the transmission line corridor/tower locations. In case new access routes are necessary, 9-4 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S09 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report the cultivated land will be avoided as far as possible. Damage to crops will be compensated (Exhibit 9.5 includes the area under the access routes). * The transmission lines will be aligned in a manner to avoid the orchards as far as possible. If unavoidable, no vehicular movement will be allowed inside any orchards, no fruit trees will be cut inside the orchards, and transmission lines will be aligned through the existing gaps between the trees. * Tubular poles will be used where necessary, instead of conventional transmission line towers, for the following: * transmission line (feed for Chamber grid station) along the road near the Tando Allahyar grid station, * transmission line (Humayun - Jacobabad transmission line) near the Jacobabad grid station while passing through the congested settlement. * The transmission line route will be aligned along the existing roads/RoW as far as possible. * Grievance redressal mechanism will be put in place to address the community complaints. Residual Impacts The expectations of some of the affected landowners may not be completely fulfilled regardless of the compensation. However, with the help of above measures, the issue is likely to be adequately addressed. The residual impacts associated with the involuntary resettlement are therefore expected to be low to medium. The monitoring (discussed in Chapter 10) during the project execution will ensure compliance to the above mitigation measures and their adequacy, as well as significance of the residual impacts. 9.3.2 Damage to Irrigation Network The project activities can potentially damage the irrigation network in and around the project sites. The construction activities, operation of project vehicles and construction machinery in the cultivation fields can damage the water courses. The project sites where this issue may be encountered include: * Tando Allahyar - Chamber transmission line * Feed for the Larkana-Ill grid station * Humayun - Jacobabad transmission line * Feed for Kandiari grid station * Samaro - Naukot transmission line * Feed for Tando Bago grid station * Feed for the Matiari grid station. e9-5 July 2007 FRT07v03HES-S09 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibits 4.17 to 4.23 show the key locations where the irrigation network of the area is likely to be affected by the proposed activities. The unmitigated impacts related to the irrigation network are characterized as 'high', as shown in Exhibit 9.4. Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures are proposed to avoid potential loss due to agriculture. * Operation of construction machinery and project vehicles will be avoided close to the canals and water courses. * Any damage caused by the project activities will be completely repaired. Residual Impacts With the help of the above measures, impacts associated with the irrigation network will be reasonably mitigated, and the residual impacts will be quite negligible. The social monitoring (discussed in Chapter 10) during the project execution will ensure compliance to the above mitigation measures and their adequacy, as well as significance of the residual impacts. 9.3.3 Blocked Access This issue can arise during the construction phase, particularly as a result of establishment of the construction camp or construction activities along the transmission line routes. The unmitigated impacts related to the blocked access routes are characterized as 'medium' (see Exhibit 9.4). Mitigation Measures * In case of the blockage of the existing routes, alternate routes will be identified in consultation with affected communities. Residual Impact Following the availability of alternative routes, significance of the residual impact is expected to be quite negligible. The social monitoring during the project execution will ensure compliance to the above mitigation measures and their adequacy, as well as significance of the residual impacts. 9.3.4 Noise and Vibration The construction activities and project vehicle movement close to the communities can cause noise and vibration. The project components that will be undertaken close to the communities, and may cause noise and vibration include: a Bukhshapur grid station site * Chamber grid station site e 9-6 July 2007 FRT07v03HES-S09 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report * Portions of the Tando Allahyar - Chamber transmission line * Larkana-l1l grid station site * Portions of the feed for the Larkana-l1l grid station * Portions of the Humayun - Jacobabad transmission line * Portions of the feed for Kandiari grid station * Naukot grid station * Samaro grid station * Portions of the Samaro - Naukot transmission line. The unmitigated impacts related to the noise caused by the project construction activities are characterized as 'medium' (see Exhibit 9.4). Exhibits 4.17 to 4.23 show the key locations where the nearby communities are likely to experience noise and vibration caused by the proposed activities. Mitigation Measures * It will be ensured that the noise levels measured at the communities near the project sites (identified in Exhibits 4.17 to 4.23) are kept within the acceptable limits (70 dB(A) for industrial zones day and night; 45 dB(A) night and 55 dB(A) daytime for residential areas). * Noise levels will be measured at the key locations described above. If the noise levels are found to be more than the prescribed limits, appropriate measures will be undertaken by the construction team such as rescheduling the works, using quieter equipment and/or erecting barriers to protect the communities from excessive noise. * Vehicular traffic through the communities will be avoided as far as possible. Project routes will be authorized by the HESCO. * Vehicle speeds will be kept low, and horns will not be used while passing through or near the communities. * Vehicles will have exhaust silencers to minimize noise generation. The vehicles noise will comply with the NEQS (Exhibit 2.3). * Nighttime traffic will be avoided near the communities, as far as possible. * Movement of all project vehicles and personnel will be restricted to within work areas, to avoid noise disturbance. * Working hours for construction activities within the communities will be limited to between 8 am and 6 pm (between 6 am and 8 pm during the summers). * Liaison with the community will be maintained. Grievance redressal mechanism will be put in place to address the community complaints, as stated earlier. Residual Impact With the implementation of above measures, the significance of the residual noise impacts will be low. e 9-7 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S09 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report The social monitoring during the project execution will ensure compliance to the above mitigation measures and their adequacy, as well as significance of the residual impacts. 9.3.5 Safety Hazards The construction activities will involve operation of heavy construction machinery, vehicular traffic, excavation and filling operations. These activities may pose some safety hazards to the local population. During the testing and commissioning of the grid stations and transmission lines, the nearby population will be exposed to the electrocution risk. As described in Section 9.3.4 above, the following components of the project will be located close to the communities: * Bukhshapur grid station site * Chamber grid station site * Portions of the Tando Allahyar - Chamber transmission line * Larkana-lil grid station site * Portions of the feed for the Larkana-11l grid station * Portions of the Humayun - Jacobabad transmission line * Portions of the feed for Kandiari grid station * Naukot grid station * Samaro grid station * Portions of the Samaro - Naukot transmission line. The safety hazards will be more acute for the above project components, though certain level of these risks would still exist for rest of the project sites as well. Exhibits 4.17 to 4.23 show the key locations of these impacts in the project area. A small section of the Humayun - Jacobabad transmission line route passes through a congested settlement near the Jacobabad grid station (see Section 4.4.11). The proposed transmission line construction as well as testing and commissioning works would cause safety hazards for the residents of these houses. The unmitigated impacts related to the safety hazards are characterized as 'high' (see Exhibit 9.4). Mitigation Measures * The construction sites will have protective fencing to avoid any unauthorized entry. * The project drivers will be trained for defensive driving skills (environmental and social trainings are described in Chapter 10). * Vehicular speeds near/within communities will be kept low to minimize safety hazards. e 9-8 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S09 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report * Construction camp sites will be located at least 500 m away from the nearest community. Camp sites will be selected with HESCO's approval, as mentioned in Section 8.3.1. * Firefighting equipment will be made available at the camps. * The camp staff will be provided fire fighting training. * All safety precautions will be taken to transport, handle and store hazardous substances, such as fuel. * Liaison with the community will be maintained. In particular, the nearby communities will be informed before commencing the testing and commissioning of the system. Protective fencing will be used where appropriate/possible. Awareness raising program will be implemented to educate the communities regarding the hazards associated with the transmission lines, and other electrical systems/equipment. Warning signs will be used at the appropriate locations. * For the segment of the Humayun - Jacobabad transmission line passing through the settlement (near the Jacobabad grid station), GSC/contractor will prepare a work plan and submit to HESCO for approval. The construction works will not commence before the approval. The work plan will include measures to address the safety hazards for the houses / other structures that exist under the transmission line. The measures may include installation of a safety wire net below the transmission line to protect the houses underneath. The height of the transmission line will also be increased for this portion. * HESCO will carry out electricity network improvement activities in the above settlement, in order create goodwill and to reduce the community grievances related to the proposed transmission line being routed over their houses. Residual Impact There will be a low level of residual impact of safety hazards associated with the vehicular traffic. The safety hazard issue with the construction activities will be negligible. The safety hazard during the testing and commissioning of the system will be from low to medium. The social monitoring during the project execution will ensure compliance to the above mitigation measures and their adequacy, as well as significance of the residual impacts. 9.3.6 Public Health Issues The public health concerns to be addressed during the design phase of the proposed project have been discussed in Section 9.2 above. There will be some similar concerns during the construction phase as well, primarily associated with the operation of the construction camps. The public health issues can potentially arise at all of the project sites. Exhibits 4.17 to 4.23 show the key locations of these impacts in the project area. The unmitigated impacts related to the public health are characterized as 'high', as shown in Exhibit 9.4. eg9-9 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S09 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures will minimize the public health concems during the construction phase of the project: • The construction camps will have septic tanks and soaking pits of adequate size. * Camps will be at least 500 m from any groundwater wells used by the community. * The construction camps will have appropriate solid waste disposal mechanism (see Section 8.3.1). * The construction camps and site offices will have first-aid kits. * The construction crew will be provided awareness for the transmissible diseases (such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and C). Residual Impacts With the help of the above measures, the public health concerns during the project construction phase can be reasonably addressed. The significance of the residual impacts is therefore expected to be negligible. The social monitoring during the project execution will ensure compliance to the above mitigation measures and their adequacy, as well as significance of the residual impacts. 9.3.7 Damage to Infrastructure The construction activities and associated vehicular traffic may damage the existing infrastructure in the areas such as roads, water channels and other structures (as shown in Exhibits 4.17 to 4.23). The infrastructure may be damaged at all of the project sites. The unmitigated impacts related to the infrastructure are characterized as 'medium' (see Exhibit 9.4). Mitigation Measures * All damaged infrastructure will be restored to original or better condition. Residual Impact Following the implementation of the above-recommended measure, there will be negligible level of residual impact. The social monitoring during the project execution will ensure compliance to the above mitigation measures and their adequacy, as well as significance of the residual impacts. 9.3.8 Gender Issues The project works to be carried out within the rural communities may cause disturbance to the women of the area. Similarly, the construction camp operation and vehicular traffic may also cause some hindrance to women mobility. In particular, these issues can potentially arise at the following locations: * Bukhshapur grid station site eu 9-10 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S09 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report * Chamber grid station site * Portions of the Tando Allahyar - Chamber transmission line * Larkana-Ill grid station site * Portions of the feed for the Larkana-l1l grid station * Portions of the Humayun - Jacobabad transmission line * Portions of the feed for Kandiari grid station * Naukot grid station * Samaro grid station * Portions of the Samaro - Naukot transmission line. The unmitigated gender issues are characterized as 'medium' (see Exhibit 9.3). Mitigation Measures * The routes used by the women will be avoided as far as possible. If unavoidable, alternate routes to be identified for the communities, if required, especially along routes frequented by women, such as route to the local well or water source. * Camp sites for construction will be 500 m away from the nearest community, as recommended earlier. * Construction crew will avoid entering villages and settlements. * Communities will be informed and consulted before commencing works inside or near the communities. * Strict code of conduct will be maintained by the construction crew. Local norms will be respected. Residual Impact Despite the implementation of the above mitigation measures, there will be a low to moderate level of residual impact associated with the gender issues. The social monitoring during the project execution will ensure compliance to the above mitigation measures and their adequacy, as well as significance of the residual impacts. 9.3.9 Child Labor Although the use of child labor is not prevalent in the construction works such as those involved in the proposed project, however, the provisions of the Child Labor Act (see Section 2.2.16) will still be made part of the construction contracts, in order to ensure that no child labor is employed at the project sites or campsites. 9.3.10 Impacts on Sites of Historical, Cultural, Archeological or Religious Significance As mentioned in Section 5.3, no sites of historical, cultural, archeological or religious significance are known to exist at or in the immediate of the project components that are known at this stage. However, during the construction works of the project, particularly, excavation, such sites or artifacts may be discovered. eA-N 1 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S09 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report There exist a few graveyards along the transmission line routes (see Exhibits 4.17 to 4.23 for the schematic diagram showing the key features along the transmission line routes). The unmitigated impacts on sites of historical, cultural, archeological or religious significance are characterized as 'medium' (see Exhibit 9.4). Mitigation Measures * In case of discovery of any sites or artifacts of historical, cultural, archeological or religious significance, the work will be stopped at that site. * The provincial and federal archeological departments will be notified immediately, and their advice will be sought before resumption of the construction activities at such sites. * The existing graveyards will not be damaged. The construction work close to the graveyards will be carried out after informing/consulting the relevant communities. 9.4 Operation Phase Much like the environmental issues associated with the O&M activities, there are very few socioeconomic concerns which are expected during the operation phase of the proposed project. These concerns are listed below. * Safety hazards * Public health * Loss of agricultures * Noise emissions. These impacts are characterized in Exhibit 9.8 and discussed below. 9.4.1 Safety Hazard The grid stations and transmission lines will pose electrocution risk to the HESCO staff as well as the nearby population and livestock. In particular, the following project components can cause safety concerns for the population of the area: * Bukhshapur grid station * Chamber grid station * Tando Allahyar - Chamber transmission line * Larkana-lil grid station * Feed for the Larkana-l l grid station * Humayun - Jacobabad transmission line * Feed for Kandiari grid station * Naukot grid station * Samaro grid station 9-12 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S09 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report * Samaro - Naukot transmission line. In particular, a segment of the Humayun - Jacobabad transmission line passes over a settlement, as described in Section 9.3.5. Operation of this proposed line will cause significant safety hazard particularly for the population living undemeath the live wires. The safety hazard issues have been characterized as 'high' (see Exhibit 9.8). Mitigation measures Design aspects of this issue have been discussed in Section 9.2, which will forestall major causes of electrocution. Additional measures are provided below. * HESCO's O&M staff will be provided essential protective gears and equipment. * HESCO's O&M staff will be provided safety training. Refresher courses will be arranged on regular basis. * Firefighting equipment will be made available at the grid stations. * The Emergency Response Plan (ERP), prepared by HESCO, will be made available at each grid station. Its salient points will be displayed at prominent places within each grid station. The O&M staff will be given training on the ERP. The Environmental and Social Cell (ESC) (discussed in Chapter 10) will review the ERP and with respect to the environmental and social considerations, and recommend changes if needed. The ERP will include procedure to inform the nearby communities in case of fire in the grid stations. * The communities near the grid stations and transmission lines will be educated on the risk of electrocution, and how to avoid accidents. • Appropriate signage on safety precautions will be installed at the key locations. * The trees under the transmission lines will be regularly trimmed in order to maintain 8 m clearance. * For the last segment of Humayun - Jacobabad transmission line which passes over the congested settlement, the wire net mentioned in Section 9.3.5 will be maintained to protect the people living directly below the transmission line. Residual Impacts Despite the implementation of the above measures, there will be some residual safety hazards associated with the operation of the system. The significance of this impact is expected to be medium. 9.4.2 Public Health Concerns There are the following three distinct types of public health concerns associated with the operation of the proposed project: * Inappropriate solid waste and sewage disposal from grid stations and their residential areas * Leakage of PCB-containing transformer oil 9-13 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S09 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report * Electromagnetic (EM) radiation caused by the high tension transmission lines. The public health issues have been characterized as 'high' (see Exhibit 9.8). Mitigation Measures * The concerns associated with the waste disposal and PCB-containing transformer oil have been adequately discussed and addressed in Sections 8.4.1 and 9.2. * Studies have shown that there is a weak evidence of health risk associated with the exposure to power frequency fields (excerpts from a document 'Power Lines and Cancer FAQ' are provided in Appendix G). However, since the proposed transmission line routes will be selected avoiding the settlements, there will not be any significant risk of EM radiation exposure. 9.4.3 Loss of Agriculture During the repair and maintenance activities, crops along/under the transmission lines can potentially be damaged. The project sites where this issue may be encountered include: * Portions of the Tando Allahyar - Chamber transmission line * Feed for the Larkana-l l grid station * Portions of the Humayun - Jacobabad transmission line * Feed for Kandiari grid station * Portions of the Samaro - Naukot transmission line * Portions of the feed for Tando Bago grid station * Feed for the Matiari grid station. The impacts on cultivation have been characterized as 'medium' (see Exhibit 9.8). Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures will address the concerns associated with the loss of agriculture during the O&M phase of the project: * Damage to the crops will be avoided during the transmission line patrolling/maintenance. * Any damage during repair the repair and maintenance activities will be compensated. * Liaison with the nearby communities will be maintained in this regard. * The grievance redressal mechanism will be maintained on continuous basis. Residual Impacts With the help of the above mitigation measures, the concerns associated with the loss of agriculture will be reasonably addressed and there will be negligible residual impacts. e 9-14 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S09 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 9.4.4 Noise Emissions The transformers installed at the proposed grid stations would generate some noise, which can adversely affect the nearby communities. This impact has been characterized as 'medium' (see Exhibit 9.8). Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures will address the concerns associated with the noise generated by the transformers: * Appropriate equipment selection, as recommended in Section 9.2 will forestall any concerns associated with noise. * Periodic noise measurements will be carried out at the outer fence of the grid stations, in order to ensure that the noise levels are within acceptable limits. If found beyond these limits at any stage, appropriate measures will be taken, such replacing the noisy equipment, and/or erecting noise barrier along the grid station outer periphery. * Liaison with the nearby communities will be maintained in this regard. * The grievance redressal mechanism will be maintained on continuous basis. Residual Impacts With the help of the above mitigation measures, the concerns associated with the noise emissions will be addressed and there will be negligible residual impacts. eN 9-15 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S09 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 9.1: Social Screening Checklist People affected by the project People living close to the grid stations and transmission line routes. For intensity of impacts, see Exhibit 8.1. The social impacts are discussed in Sections 9.2 to 9.4. Most of the PAPs are the farmers whose crops will be damaged during the construction and - O&M of the transmission lines (discussed in Sections 9.3.1, 9.3.2 and 9.4.3. Poverty level of affected Varies greatly, mostly associated with the locality. persons Most of the PAPs - farmers whose crops would be damaged - belong to middle and lower income groups. Section 5.2.5 also discusses poverty in the project area. Are the directly affected people Yes (see Section 7 for stakeholders agreeable to allow the project? consultation). Social issues, impacts of the Key impacts: damage to crops, safety hazards, project. public health and noise. Sections 9.2 to 9.4 discuss all of the social issues. Does the project require land? The project will require about 16 acres of land, which will be acquired in accordance with the LAA (see Exhibit 3.6 for a summary of land _ requirement).. Is there any involuntary land The project will acquire 16 acres of land for the acquisition? new grid stations, as mentioned above. In addition, temporary land acquisition will need to be carried out during the construction phase; crop compensation will be paid where such temporary acquisition involves cultivated land (see Section 9.3.1). Are there any affected No structures are expected to be affected by the structures? project. Will there be any loss of The loss of livelihood during the project is livelihood of title and non title associated with the damaged crops discussed holders? above. This loss will be temporary in nature, and will be compensated. Is there any social conflict The rural communities usually have 'panchayat' resolution mechanism in the system for conflict resolution. The project also communities? proposes grievance redressal mechanism to deal with the communities' concerns about the project. Are the social safeguards OP 4.12 is triggered (see Section 2.1). triggered? Any commercial activities No. affected in urban/rural areas? A 9-16 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S09 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO e~ STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 9.2: Environmental and Social Screening Matrix (Unmitigated) Physical Biological Social and Socioeconomic ZU) Cw 2 coC) >. C - C d C t Q C Ct-C)'' ~ N c=:~ d 2 E o.~ CDtC '3o SieSleto orGi tain 1 C') (D O 0 .1 -1 0 -2 - N~ O1 - 0 CD Design PhSelcinfrTassio Site seeto foGrdSain -1 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 0 -2 -2 N -1 -1 0 0 Routpen Selectio o rnmsion -1 0 -2 -2 0 -1 0 0 -1 -1 0 -2 -2- -1 0 0 Construction Phase-Grid Stations T 1 I__ Xi Land Acquisition N ~N N N N N N -1 N -21- 1-2 N N N N N N - - --- - - - --- .- -- -1 : -F -1 0 -1 -1-~~ Mobilization of Contractors -1 1 0 0 -1 j2 2 -1' 1 -1 0 0 -1 Construction Camp Operation -2 -1 -2-2 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0 00i- 1 -2 0 -1 -1 Transportation of Construction - 1 - 1 -12 - 2 - 1 0 0 - Excavation adMtrlsfor Foundations Supis-2 t- 1 -1 0 .- 0 -1 { 0 0 0 -2 0-1 0 0 0 Construction Work~s -2 -1-1 -1 010 0 - O0 0 0 -2 0 1 00 Equipment Installation 0_ _110 0t -1 110 0 -1 0 010 0 Testing and Commissioning 0 0 O O O O O 0 0 0 0 0 000 0-020 0 0 0 0 e6N9-17 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S09 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report .... Contd. Exhibit 8.3 Physical Biological Social and Socioeconomic - I j ' E1 [5 I I'D N I a (0 Construction Phase-Transmission - - Lines - - it -- Land Acquisition N N N N N N N -1 N -2 -2 -1 -2 N N N N N N Mobilization of Contractors -1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0 0 -1 -2 -2 -1 0 -2 -1 -1 0 0 -1 Construction Camp Establishment -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 0 -1 -1 2 -2 -1 -1 -2 -1 -1 -1 -1 - Construction Camp Operation -2 -1 -2 -2 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 Transportation of Construction -1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0 0 -1 -2 -2 -1 0 -2 -1 -1 0 0 -1 Materials Excavation for Foundations -2 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 0 0 -1 0 -1 0 0 -2 0 -1 0 0 0 Constructon of Foundations -2 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 -1 0 -1 0 0 -2 0 -1 0 0 0 ErectionofTowers/Poles 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 -2 0 -1 0 0 0 Stringing 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 -2 0 - 1 0 0 0 Testing and Commissioning 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2 0 0 0 0 0 Contractor Demobilization -1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0 0 1 -2 -2 -1t°l -2 -1 -1 0 0 1 Operation and Maintenance Phase i i i Grid Station O&M -2 0 0 0 0 0 -1;0I-I°i °I-2 0 -21 0 0 Transmission Line O&M 0 [ o o 0 0 |o o | 0- Key: -2: High negative impact; -1: Low negative impact; 0: insignificant/negligible impact; +1: low positive impact; +2: High positive impact, N: no impact. 9-18 . July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S09 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 61 STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 9.3: Impact Characterization for Project Design Phase (Unmitigated) Impact Nature Duration Geo Extent Reversibility Likelihood Consequence Impact Severity Significance Land acquisition Direct Long term Local Irreversible Likely Major High (including loss of asset, loss of livelihood, damage to infrastructure) Blocked access Indirect Long term Local Reversible Possibly Moderate Medium Safety hazards Indirect Long term Local Reversible Likely Major High ... .... -..... . .......... .. Public health. Indirect Medium to Local Reversible Likely Major High Long term Aesthetic value Indirect Long term Local Reversible Possibly Moderate Medium e9-19 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S09 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 9.4: Characterization of Construction Phase Socioeconomic Impacts (Unmitigated) Impact Nature Duration Geo Extent Reversibility Likelihood Consequence Impact Severity Significance Land acquisition Direct Long term Local Irreversible Certainly Major High (including loss of asset, loss of livelihood, damage to infrastructure) Loss of agriculture Direct Long term Local Reversible Likely Major High Damage to Irrigation Direct Long term Local Reversible Likely Major High Network Blocked Access Direct Short term Local Reversible Possibly Moderate Medium Noise Direct Short term Local Reversible Possibly Moderate Medium Safety Hazard Direct and Indirect Short to Local Reversible Likely Major High Medium term Public health Direct and Indirect Short to Medium Local Reversible Likely Major High term ....... .. . .... - . ........... ................... ...... ....... .... .- - - -i Damage to Infrastructure Direct and Indirect Short term Local; Reversible Possibly Moderate Medium Regional Gender Issues Indirect Short term Local Reversible Possibly Moderate Medium Impacts on Sites of Indirect Long term Local Irreversible Unlikely Moderate Medium Archeological, Cultural, Historical or Religious Significance e _A N 9-20 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S09 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 9.5: Summary of Crop/Tree Compensation Crop Damage Crop Compensation for Description Area Compensation Tree Removal (Acres) (Pak Rs.) (Pak Rs.) Humayun - Jacobabad 127.39 1,120,989 35,000 Transmission Line - -- - - -- -.-- ------- Feed for Chamber Grid Station 170.26 1,498,262 45,000 Station Feed for Larkana-111 Grid53146,0 500 ----- ------- - ------ - -.. -I . Feed for Tando Bago Grid 26.69234,899 Station 234,8997,500 Feed for Matiari Grid 445 49,149 0 Station445419 Feed for Kandiari Grid - 12.98 114,189 0 Stationj 14,8 Samaro - Naukot 362.63 3,191,164 105,000 Transmission Line { 326 3 1 105,000 Access Routes 30.00 264000 0 Total 787.56 f 6,940,492 207,500 Grand Total 7,147,992 Note: See details in Section E.2 of Appendix E. Basis: Transmission line corridor for crop compensation: 30 m; crop compensation for two wheat seasons, at the rate of Rs. 4,400 per acre per season. 9-21 July 2007 FRTo7VO3HES-So9 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6k" STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 9.6: Entitlement Framework Definition of Entitled Type of Loss DiPersons Entitlement Policy Responsibility Loss of Legal users with valid title, PAPs will be entitled to: Tehsildar; agriculture land customary or usufruct o Cash compensation for Environmental rights. acquired land at mutually agreed market value, on and Soaal the basis of willing buyer- Inspector (ESI) willing seller, and the j land owner to have (these are option to refuse to sell defined later in the land. If LAA is used, the document) an amount of 15% will be added to the market price, in accordance with the LAA. Section 17 of the LAA will not be used, I in the absence of the _ emergency/urgency. Tenant, leaseholder and PAPs will be entitled to: Tehsildar; sharecropper o Reimbursement for un- ESI expired lease. PAPs without valid title . PAPs will be entitled to: Tehsildar; (vulnerable encroachers or o Cash compensation for ESI squatters) affected structures at replacement value. Loss of Legal users with valid title, PAPs will be entitled to: Tehsildar; residential, customary or usufruct o Cash compensation for ESI commercial, rights. acquired land at mutually agreed market value, on industrial or the basis of willing buyer- institutional willing seller, and the land land owner to have option to refuse to sell the land. If LAA is used, an amount of 15% will be i added to the market i price, in accordance with the LAA. Tenant and leaseholder PAPs will be entitled to: Tehsildar; o Reimbursement for un- ESI expired lease. PAPs without valid title PAPs will be entitled to: Tehsildar; (vulnerable encroachers or o Cash compensation for ESI squatters) affected structures at replacement value. e 9-22 July 2007 FRTO7Vo3HES-So9 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Contd. Exhibit 9.6. Definition of Entitled Type of Loss Person Entitlement Policy I Responsibility Persons Structures Owners of affected PAPs will be entitled to: Tehsildar; (residential, structure, with or without o Cash compensation for ESI commercial, legal title, customary or affected structures, or portion of the structure, industrial or usufruct rights at replacement value. institutional) o Allowance to cover the repair cost of the remaining structure. Loss of Communities/households o Replacement of the Contractors; common property Environmental common resources/facilities, in and Social resources and consultation with the Monitor (ESM); facilities affectees. ESI. o Access to equivalent resources/facilities. Loss of Households who cultivate | PAPs will be entitled to: Tehsildar; standing crops the land o Cash compensation ESI equivalent to the market value of damaged crops. 1 Loss of trees Owners of the affected PAPs will be entitled to: Tehsildar; trees (irrespective of the o Cash compensation ESI land title) equivalent to the market value of trees on the basis of type, age and productivity. Loss of public Relevant agencies Compensation in cash at Contractors; infrastructure replacement cost to ESM; respective agencies, or ESI. Restoration/repair of the damaged infrastructure in a similar or better condition as before. Loss of or Community and affected Replacement cost for Contractors; damage to households religious sites. Cost of ESM; religious sites removal of graves and all ESI. (eg, mosques, related costs for its relocation. graveyards, shrines) Notes: o Compensation for the affected structure will be calculated on the basis of the replacement cost at market prices, without taking salvage value into consideration. o All compensations will be paid before commencement of the construction activities. 9-23 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S09 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6m STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 9.7: Typical Tower Design Allowing Cultivation Underneath 9-24 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S09 Socioeconomic Impacts and Mitigation HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 9.8: Characterization of Operation Phase Socioeconomic Impacts (Unmitigated) Impact Nature Duration Geo Extent Reversibility Likelihood Consequence Impact Severity Significance Impacts on Cultivation Indirect Short to medium Local Reversible Possibly Moderate Medium term Public health Direct and Short to Medium Local Reversible Likely Major High Indirect term , . ~~~~~~~~~~~- ... .... ........-- -- .- -- - -- -- -.------- Safety Hazards Indirect Medium to long Local Reversible Likely Major High term Noise Emissions Direct Short term Local Reversible Possibly Moderate Medium _____ 9-25 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S09 HESCO 6m STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 10 Environmental and Social Management Plan This Chapter presents the implementation mechanism - in the form of an environmental and social management plan (ESMP) - for the environmental and social mitigation measures identified during the present ESA, and reported in Chapters 8 and 9 of this document, respectively. A resettlement plan has also been prepared and provided under separate cover, to address the involuntary resettlement caused by the proposed project. 10.1 Purpose and Objectives of ESMP This ESMP provides the delivery mechanism to address the adverse environmental as well as social impacts of the proposed project during its execution, to enhance project benefits, and to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project works. The specific objectives of the ESMP are to: * Facilitate the implementation of the environmental and social mitigation measures identified in Chapters 8 and 9 of this document, respectively; * Define the responsibilities of the project proponents, contractors, and environmental monitors, and provide a means of effectively communicating environmental and social issues among them, * Define a monitoring mechanism and identify monitoring parameters in order to: * Ensure the complete implementation of all mitigation measures, and * Ensure the effectiveness of the mitigation measures. • Provide a mechanism for taking timely action in the face of unanticipated environmental or social situations, * Identify environmental as well as social training requirements at various levels. 10.2 Components of the ESMP The ESMP consists of the following: *. Institutional Arrangements * Mitigation plan * Monitoring plan *. Change management plan * Communication and documentation * Environmental and social trainings, * Public disclosure requirements *. Budgetary estimates for ESMP implementation. 10-1 July2007 FRT07v03HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6rh STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report These are discussed in Sections 10.3 to 10.10 below. 10.3 Institutional Arrangements This section describes the organizational structure required for managing the environmental as well as social aspects of the proposed project. Also defined in this section are the roles and responsibilities of the various role players during the project. 10.3.1 Management Approach HESCO will establish an Environmental and Social Cell (ESC) within the Organization, in order to handle the environmental and socioeconomic matters during the proposed project, other future projects as well as its routine operations.' The ESC will not be part of the proposed project organization, and will provide advisory services to the project and other HESCO departments. Initially, the ESC will have one environmental and one socioeconomic expert of relevant qualification and experience; the strength can be increased in the future as required. Other essential features of the institutional arrangement proposed for the project are: * HESCO will appoint Environmental and Social Inspectors (ESIs) for overseeing and monitoring the entire implementation of the ESMP and ESA. * In case HESCO appoints Supervision Consultant, the ESIs will be appointed by the Consultant (instead of HESCO). * The ESMP as well as environmental management requirements and specifications will be included in all contracts HESCO and its contractors/consultants execute. * Each contractor will be required to appoint a dedicated field Environmental and Social Monitor (ESM) at the project site. * HESCO, through the ESC, will cooperate with regulatory agencies (such as the Sindh EPA) and other stakeholders who may want to send their own teams to monitor the project activities. * During the O&M phase of the project, ESC will be responsible to ensure the environmental and social performance of the operations. 10.3.2 Organizational Structure and Responsibilities Construction Phase The organizational structure for the construction phase ESMP is shown in Exhibit 10.1, and its salient features described below. 1. Primary responsibilities: i*. The GSC Department through its Project Director (PD) will be responsible for the project's compliance with the ESA and ESMP throughout the project. The ESC will assist GSC Department and will provide policy support in all environment and socioeconomic matters. The cost of ESC will not be induded in the proposed project. &N 10-2 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report * The Supervision Consultant (if HESCO chooses to employ one) through its Resident Engineer (RE) will be responsible for ensuring that the contractors adhere to the quality requirements and other commitments including implementation of the ESMP and ESA. * The contractors' Chief Executive Officer or Country Manager will assume the main responsibility for all environmental matters pertaining to their work. * The PD will coordinate with relevant government departments (Sindh EPA) and other stakeholders through the ESI. 2. Field management and quality control: * Carrying out construction activities in an environmentally and socially sound manner during the construction phase will be the responsibility of the site managers of the contractor(s). * The GSC's site incharge (or RE, if the Supervision Consultant is employed) will be responsible for the environmental and social soundness of all construction activities. 3. On-the-job supervision and monitoring: * The ESM of each contractor will be responsible for the implementation of the ESMP during construction works. He will also be responsible for communication with and the training of their respective construction and camp crews in all aspects of the ESMP. * The ESI will ensure implementation of the ESMP in the field. He will also coordinate with the PD, the contractor's project management and ESM of each contractor. ESI will be part of HESCO's site organization if no Supervision Consultant is employed. Otherwise, the ESI will be part of the Supervision Consultant's site staff. * If any monitoring teams from government departments or from NGOs visit the field during the field activities, the ESI will be responsible for coordinating their visits. The roles and responsibilities of HESCO's and contractors' personnel are summarized in Exhibit 10.2. Operation Phase During the operation phase of the proposed project, environmental and socioeconomic management will become a routine function, as an integral part of the O&M activities. The ESC will be the focal point for all matters relating to environmental and socioeconomic issues during the routine operations of the Organization. The ESC will advise various departments within HESCO for environmental and socioeconomic issues. The ESC will develop an environmental and socioeconomic management system for the Company, defining roles and responsibilities of various departments and their respective staff. e.!_ 10-3 July 2007 FRT07v03HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 10.4 Mitigation Plan The mitigation plan is a key component of the ESMP. It lists all the potential effects of each activity of the project and their associated mitigation measures identified in the ESA. For each project activity, the following information is presented in the plan: * A listing of the potential impact associated with that project activity, * A comprehensive listing of mitigation measures (actions), * The person(s) responsible for ensuring the full implementation of the action, * The person(s) responsible for monitoring the action, * The timing of the implementation of the action to ensure that the objectives of mitigation are fully met. The mitigation plan for the construction phase of the proposed project is presented in Exhibit 10.3. It should be emphasized that the mitigation measures will have to be translated into environmental as well as social requirements and specifications to be made part of the contracts for the construction activities, with legal binding. 10.5 Monitoring Plan The objective of environmental and social monitoring during the various phases of the proposed project will be as follows: * Ensuring that the mitigation measures included in the ESA are being implemented completely. * Ensuring the effectiveness of the mitigation measures in minimizing the project's impacts on social and environmental resources. To achieve these objectives the following monitoring program will be implemented. 10.5.1 Compliance Monitoring The compliance monitoring of the project activities is principally a tool to ensure that the environmental and social control measures identified in the ESA are strictly adhered to during the project activities. Various aspects of the ESA compliance monitoring will be to: * Systematically observe the activities undertaken by the contractors (and sub- contractors) or any other person associated with the project. e Verify that the activities are undertaken in compliance with the ESA, ESMP and RP (RP is provided under separate cover). * Document and communicate the observations to the concerned person(s) of the contractors, GSC Department and ESC, so that any corrective measures, if required, can be taken in a timely fashion. AN 10-4 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S1 O Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report * Maintain a record of all incidents of environmental and social significance, related actions and corrective measures. * Maintain contact with the communities, solicit their views and concerns, and discuss them during the fortnightly meetings. * Prepare periodic reports of the environmental and social performance of project. The mitigation plan discussed in Section 10.4 will be used as a management and monitoring tool for compliance monitoring. Inspection will be done using checklists prepared by the respective contractors, on the basis of the Exhibit 10.3, during the construction phase. Compliance monitoring will be the responsibility of all organizations involved in the field activities, ie, GSC Department and the contractors. It will be carried out by the following: * ESI * ESM. 10.5.2 Effects Monitoring The ESA predicts the impacts of the proposed project on the basis of information available at the time of conducting the assessment and the natural processes that link various environmental and social parameters. Based on this prediction, mitigation measures are introduced such that the predicted residual effects do not exceed acceptable levels. However, there is always an element of uncertainty in such predictions due to an insufficient grasp of the processes, limitations in prediction techniques, or inadequate data on the environment/social aspects. Consequently, it is possible that even if the mitigation measures are implemented fully, the negative impacts of the project will exceed acceptable limits. In order to address the above concerns, effects monitoring will be undertaken during the project activities, with the overall objective of proper management of environmental and social risks and uncertainties. Broadly, effects monitoring has the following objectives: * To verify that the impacts of the proposed project are within acceptable limits, thus establishing credibility (public assurance). * To immediately warn the project proponents (and the regulatory agencies, if required) of unanticipated adverse impact or sudden changes in impact trends so that corrective actions can be undertaken, which may include modifications in the proposed activities, or the inclusion of modified or additional mitigation measures. * To provide information to plan and control the timing, location, and level of certain project activities so that the effects are minimized. * To facilitate research and development by documenting the effects of the proposed project that can be used to validate impact-prediction techniques and provide a basis for more accurate predictions of future projects. The effects monitoring plan is provided in Exhibit 10.4. The detailed methodologies will be developed during the detailed design phase of the project, when the specific N 10-5 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-Si 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report information on field activities will be known. The effects monitoring will comprise the following: * Soil erosion * Water quality * Water consumption * Air quality * Noise * Socioeconomic aspects * Grievance monitoring. In addition, contact will be maintained with the communities, their views and concerns solicited. The outcome of these consultations will be discussed during the fortnightly meetings at the site. 10.5.3 External Monitoring In addition to the compliance and effects monitoring discussed above, HESCO will engage an independent consultants to carry out external monitoring on periodical basis. The objectives of this external monitoring will be to ensure that: * the ESMP is being adequately implemented, * mitigation measures are being implemented, * the RP is being implemented * the compliance and effects monitoring are being conducted, * environmental and social trainings are being conducted, and * complete documentation is being maintained. The external monitoring consultants will periodically visit the project sites (grid stations as well as the transmission line routes), examine the compliance monitoring activities, review the documentation maintained at the site, interview key site staff, make spot checks, take photographs where necessary, interview the PAPs, and meet with the communities. After each external monitoring visit, the consultant will prepare a monitoring report and submit to HESCO. The report will include the observations made during the visits, highlight non-compliances observed, if any, salient information obtained from PAPs/communities, and make recommendations. 10.6 Communication and Documentation An effective mechanism for recording, storing and communicating environmental and social information during the project is an essential requirement of an ESMP. The key features of such a mechanism are: * Recording and maintaining all information generated during the monitoring in a predetermined format. e 10-6 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report * Communicating the information to a central location. * Storing raw information in a central database. * Processing the information to produce periodic reports. A description of the various components of the communication and documentation system is given below. 10.6.1 Data Recording and Maintenance The forms to be used for recording information during the environmental and social monitoring will be developed by the ESI, under the supervision of ESC. These forms will follow a standard format, which will correspond to the database into which all the information gathered will be placed. All common fields will have identical formats in the database and on the forms. Check boxes will be used as much as possible for ease in filling out the forms and to facilitate data entry. All forms will be numbered and a tracking system will be developed for each. Whenever a form is released for use in the field, its number will be recorded. The field staff will be required to account for each form after completion. In this manner, it will be ensured that all forms are returned to the office. 10.6.2 Meetings The following environmental meetings will take place during the project: * Project initiation meetings (once for each of the contractors). * Fortnightly meetings.2 The purpose of the project initiation meetings will be to discuss the ESMP, and ensure full understanding and commitment from concerned parties for its implementation. A periodic meeting will be held at site during the construction phase. The purpose of the meetings will be to discuss the conduct of the operation, non-compliances noted by the ESI or Contractors' ESMs, and any environmental / social issues identified in the field. The remedial measures will also be discussed and agreed during these meetings. The meeting will be recorded in the form of an environmental and social report (ESR) prepared by the ESI. 10.6.3 Grievance Redressal Mechanism An attempt has been made during the present ESA to identify all potential impacts of the proposed project, to identify all PAPs, to provide mitigation measures to address the potential impacts, and to chart out a mechanism to implement these mitigation measures (including payment of compensation). However during the project implementation, the stakeholders (mostly the communities in the vicinity of the project sites/transmission line routes) may still have some grievances 2 Frequency of meetings may be adjusted per the situation. e 10-7 July 2007 FRTO7VO3HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report with respect to the project activities, their impacts, compensation and other mitigation measures. The key reasons of these grievances are listed below: * PAPs not enlisted, * Losses (such as damaged crops) not identified correctly, * Compensation inadequate or inappropriate, * Dispute about ownership, * Delay in disbursement of compensation, * Improper distribution of compensation in case of joint ownership. In order to address the above eventualities, the Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM) has been devised. The main objective of the GRM will be to provide a mechanism to mediate conflict and cut down on lengthy litigation, which often delays the infrastructure projects such as the 6'h STG. It will also facilitate people who might have objections or concerns regarding the project activities, provide a public forum to raise their objections and through conflict resolution, address these issues adequately. The main functions of the GRM will be as follows: * Provide a mechanism to the PAPs to address the problems arising as a result of project activities, * Record the grievance of the PAPs, categorize and prioritize the grievances that need to be resolved, * Determine and implement the mitigation actions to address the grievances, * Report to the aggrieved parties about the developments regarding their grievances and the decision of the project authorities. Under the GRM, the ESI will maintain the Social Complaint Register (SCR) at the sites to document all complaints received from the local communities or any other stakeholder. The information recorded in the Register will include date of the complaint, particulars of the complainant, description of the grievance, actions to be taken, the person responsible to take the action, follow up requirements and the target date for the implementation of the mitigation measure. The register will also record the actual measures taken to mitigate these concerns. As soon as a complaint is received, the ESI will discuss it with the ESMs, and determine the remedial action. If required, consultations will also be undertaken with the contractor's site managers and GSC's PD. Once the remedial action is decided, implementation responsibility as well as schedule will be determined. The proposed remedial action will be documented in the SCR, with complete details (by whom and by when). The proposed remedial action will be shared with the complainant. Similarly, the actual action taken will also be documented in the Register and shared with the complainant. The complainant's views on the remedial action taken will also be documented in the Register. 1N ,0-8 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report The SCR will be reviewed during the fortnightly meetings at the site during the project, and the action items discussed. The progress on the remedial actions will also be reviewed during the meetings. The Register will also be shared with the PD and ESC, on regular basis, for information and further action, if any. In order to address any unresolved grievances at a higher level of the organization, a Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) will be constituted. The Committee will be headed by the PD, with ESI and the ESC social expert its other members. A suitable person from the relevant community will also be a member of this committee. Any un- resolved issue will be sent to the Committee for determining the remedial action. The GRM's roles, responsibilities and implementation mechanism are explained in Exhibit 10.5. 10.6.4 Reports The ESI will produce periodic reports based on the information collected. These will include reports for: * Project initiation meetings with each contractor, * Fortnightly meetings, * Non-compliances, * Effects monitoring. These reports will be shared with the contractors, PD, Manager Construction, and ESC. The reports will also be made available for review, to the external monitoring teams, and to any other stakeholders who visit the site. At the end of the construction phase, a final report will also be prepared. 10.7 Environmental and Social Trainings Environmental and social trainings will help to ensure that the requirements of the ESA and ESMP are clearly understood and followed by all project personnel throughout the project period. The primary responsibility for providing training to all project personnel will be that of the ESI. The environmental and social training program will be finalized before the commencement of the project, during the detailed design phase. The training will be provided to the HESCO staff, the construction contractors, and other staff engaged for the project. Training will cover all staff levels, ranging from the management and supervisory to the skilled and unskilled personnel. The scope of the trainings will cover general environmental awareness and the requirements of the ESA and the ESMP, with special emphasis on sensitizing the project staff to the environmental and social aspects of the area. Exhibit 10.6 provides a summary of various aspects of the environmental and social trainings. During the O&M phase of the project, these trainings will continue to be conducted by ESC for all relevant staff of the Company, particularly from GSC, GSO and Planning departments. e- 10-9 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-SI 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 10.8 Change Management The present ESA has been carried out on the basis of the project information available at this stage. This is however possible that the changes are made in some components of the project, during the design and construction phases. In order to address the environmental and social implications of these changes, a simple framework has been devised, which is described in this section. The change management framework recognizes the following three broad categories of the changes in the project: * Category A changes, * Category B changes, and * Category C changes. These categories are defined below. 10.8.1 Category 'A' Change The 'Category A' change is one that will lead to a significant departure from the project described in the ESA and consequently requires a reassessment of the environmental and socioeconomic impacts associated with the change. In such an instance, HESCO will be required to conduct a fresh ESA of the changed portion of the project, and send the report of this assessment to the relevant agencies for approval (Pak-EPA). Examples of such changes are provided below. * Any works inside protected areas (see Section 4.2.4 for the protected areas in Sindh Province). * Change in the transmission line route by more than 2 km of the original alignment. Or change in the route by less than 2 km, but the changed route has environmental and/or social sensitivity more than the original route. * Increase in the transmission line length exceeding 20 % of the original design. Or increase in length by less than 20% but involving areas which are more sensitive - environmentally and/or socially - than the original route. * Change in the grid station site by more than 1 km of the location studied during the ESA. Or change in the site by less than 1 km but the new location has a higher environmental and/or social sensitivity. * Increasing the number of grid stations to be established. 10.8.2 Category'B' Change The category 'B' change is one that will entail project activities not significantly different from those described in the ESA, which may result in project effects with overall magnitude to be similar to the assessment made in this report. In case of such changes, the ESI (with assistance from the ESC) will be required to reassess the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of the activity, specify additional mitigation measures, if necessary, and report the changes to the relevant agencies (Contractors, ESC, Pak- EPA). Examples of such changes are provided below. e 10-10 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report * Changes in the transmission line route by more than 500 m of the original alignment, but not exceeding 2 km, provided that the changed route does not have environmental or social sensitivity more than the original area. * Increase in the transmission line length exceeding 10 % of the original design, but not exceeding 20%, provided that the extended route does not have environmental or social sensitivity more than the original area. * Change in the grid station site by more than 500 m of the location studied during the ESA, but not exceeding 1 km, provided that the new location does not have environmental or social sensitivity more than the original area. Such changes will necessitate site surveys for the transmission line routes or grid station sites, by the environmental and socioeconomic experts. A site specific assessment for any additional environmental as well as socioeconomic issues will need to be carried out. Complete record of the surveys and assessment will be maintained. 10.8.3 Category 'C' Change A Category-C change is one that is of littie consequence to the ESA findings. This type of change does not result in effects beyond those already assessed in the ESA, rather it may be made onsite to minimize the impact of an activity, such as re-aligning a particular section of the transmission line to avoid cutting a tree, or relocating construction campsites to minimize clearing vegetation. The only action required for such changes will be to record the change in the Change Record Register. 10.9 Public Disclosure HESCO will disclose this ESA and ESMP to all the stakeholders before the commencement of the proposed project. The ESA report will be made available to the stakeholders at the sites designated by the EPA, in accordance with the national legislation (PEPA 1997). In addition, the executive summary of the ESA will be translated into Urdu language, and made available to the affected communities (and also kept at the project sites). This will ensure that the local communities are aware of the project, its key impacts, the mitigation measures and the implementation mechanism. In addition, the Executive Summary will be disclosed through the HESCO's official website. 10.10 Cost of Environmental and Social Management The primary component of the environmental and social management cost pertains to the personnel dedicated for ESMP implementation. The other component relates to the environmental effects monitoring as discussed in Section 10.5.2 and tabulated in Exhibit 10.4. The cost of mitigation measures detailed in Exhibit 10.3 is completely integrated with the construction costs, and cannot be separated. The mitigation measures should be made part of the project design and hence included in the overall project cost. Exhibit 10.7 provides the cost estimates for the environmental and social management of the proposed project. 10-11 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 10.1: Organizational Structure for Environmental and Social Management (Please see the following page.) 6LAti 10-12 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S10 Organizational Structure for Environmental and Social Management | Chief Executivel I Poect Drector| (CifEngineer)|I Mangar (SE) L- -- - |DptManager ||Deputy Manager ||Deputy Mi anager | Environrnental and |CvlWorks (XEN) | (XE C nstuto) (XEN) ||Social Inspector|| Thid Civil Transmission Line | rl Pattionl | Contractor i| Contractor |I | Contracto Pawr Cnstruction Crew Environmna ad Construction Crew Environmental and Construction ~Crew Environmental and Fc I ISocial Moio Scial Monitor Social Monitor Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 10.2: Roles and Responsibilities Organization Designation Responsibilities Environmental Environmental and * Advise GSC and other HESCO departments on matters relating to environment and social aspects of the and Social Cell Socioeconomic project. Experts * Advise and support ESI for the implementation of ESA and ESMP. GSC PD * Fulfill HESCO's and GSC's obligations as laid out various project documents. Department * Ensure that the construction is carried out within the agreed timeframe according to satisfactory HSE and technical standards. GSC Site Incharge (or RE if * Facilitate field management of contractors; Department (or Supervision Consultant . Report regularly to the Project Manager and PD. Superviision is employed) Consultant)__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Environmental and * Ensure that the entire project is conducted in an environmentally friendly and socially sound manner. Social Inspector (ESI) * Ensure compliance with all relevant environmental laws. * Facilitate full implementation of ESMP and ESA requirements during the project. * Assist the PD and Project Manager in fulfilling HESCO's and GSC's environmental and social responsibilities, and keep them updated on environmental and social matters relating to the construction. * Review environmental and social reports (ESR), and ensure implementation of corrective measures, if any. * Coordinate with other stakeholders, including relevant EPAs. Contractors Site Manager * Manage construction activities, manage construction crew, camp crew and other site personnel, in an environmentally and socially responsible manner; * Liaise with GSC's Project Manager; * Liaise with GSC's Site Incharge. Environment and *Manage the implementation of mitigation measures given in the ESA and ESMP; Social Monitoros *Manage implementation of entire ESMP; (ESM)Report regularly to Site Manager; *Liaise with ESI; *Provide environmental and social training to construction crew. e A_N 10-14 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-Sl 0 - t Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 10.3: Mitigation Plan Responsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring 1 Design Considerations 1.1 Soil Erosion * Areas having unstable soil will be GSC ESC Before construction avoided for the grid station sites and (BC): during transmission line routes. detailed designing * Canal and river banks will be avoided of the project. while placing the transmission line towers. .. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- .--- ....-- ----------.-- - ---------.. twes.----- . ............ ......... . .........- 1.2 Soil and water * Appropriate waste disposal systems will GSC ESC BC contamination be included in the design of the grid stations and associated facilities. * The transformer procured during the proposed project will be PCB-free. * Leaked oil collection arrangement (such as a channel and a drain pit below the transformers) will be incorporated in the design of the transformer foundations at the grid stations. 1.3 Safety hazards and * All safety precautions will be taken to GSC ESC BC public health minimize the safety hazards and risk of concerns accidental electrocution. These will include double periphery walls at the grid stations and appropriate clearance (between the live wires/connectors and the buildings/structures/trees). AAN 10-15 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-SIO Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6' STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Responsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring . Transmission lines will not be routed through the settlements as far as possible. Appropriate clearance will be maintained all along the transmission lines and feeders. 1.4 Noise emissions . The project equipment, particularly GSC ESC BC transformers to be installed at the grid stations will meet the noise standards (70 dB(A) for industrial zones day and night; 45 dB(A) night and 55 dB(A) daytime for residential areas). 1.5 Aesthetic value . Tree plantation will be carried inside GSC ESC BC and at the periphery of the grid stations, without compromising the safety aspects (ie, required clearances will be maintained). For this purpose, provision will be made in the site layout of the grid stations. 2 PCB Elimination Plan 2.1 Soil and water . The PCB Elimination Plan will be Environmental Chief Executive BC/DC contamination developed (Exhibit 8.6 provides outline and Social Cell ToR of the Plan). (ESC) 3 Contractor Mobilization I3.1 !Soil Erosion and 9 Vehiculartraffic on unpaved roads will Contractors Environmental BC; land Demobilization iContamination; ! be avoided as far as possible. I land Social !After construction Water Operation of vehicles and machinery i Monitor (ESM) | (AC) .Contamination close to the water channels, water A 10-16 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6 STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report i , , l l Responsibilityi Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring reservoir will be minimized. * Vehicles and equipment will not be repaired in the field. If unavoidable, impervious sheathing will be used to avoid soil and water contamination. 3.2 Air Quality * Construction machinery and vehicles Contractors ESM BC; Deterioration will be kept in good working condition AC and properly tunned, in order to minimize the exhaust emissions. The vehicle exhaust will comply with the NEQS (Exhibit 2.3). . Fugitive dust emissions will be minimized by appropriate methods, such as spraying water on soil, where required and appropriate. . Project vehicles will avoid passing through the communities, farms and orchards as far as possible. If unavoidable, speed will be reduced to 15 km/h to avoid excessive dust emissions. ........ . - .- . - -. --. .~~~~~~~.......---.--.-. --. -.em sin.------ - ....... ..-- 3.3 Noise * Vehicles will have exhaust mufflers Contractors ESM BC; (silencers) to minimize noise AC generation. Vehicle noise will comply with NEQS (Exhibit 2.3). 10-17 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report I Responsibility Project Activities impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring * Nighttime traffic will be avoided near the communities. Local population will be taken in confidence if such work is unavoidable. * Vehicular traffic through the communities will be avoided as far as possible. Vehicle speeds will be kept low, and horns will not be used while passing through or near the communities. 3.4 Safety Hazards * Road signage will be fixed at Contractors ESM BC; appropriate locations to reduce safety AC hazard associated with project-related vehicular traffic. a Project drivers will be trained on defensive driving. * Vehicle speeds near/ within the communities will be kept low, to avoid safety hazard and dust emissions. 3.5 Damage to * All damaged infrastructure will be Contractors ESM/ESl DC; Infrastructure restored to original or better condition. AC 3.6 Damage to Crops 9 Operation of project vehicles outside Contractors ESMIESI DC the RoW will be avoided. Attempts will be made to use existing tracks/roads to access the transmission line_________ e6N10-18 July 2007 FRT07O3HES-Sl 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report i , ! i Responsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring corridor/tower locations. In case new access routes are necessary, the cultivated land will be avoided as far as possible. Damage to crops will be compensated ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1- 1- ... .- - 1 -. --.--.- ......- - .-.-....--. -....------ 3.7 Damage to * Operation of project vehicles will be Contractors ESM/ESI DC Irrigation Network avoided close to the canals and water courses. * Any damage caused by the project activities will be completely repaired. 3.8 Gender Issues . The routes used by the women will be Contractors ESM/ESI DC avoided as far as possible. If unavoidable, alternate routes to be identified for the communities, if required, especially along routes frequented by women, such as route to the local well or water source. Strict code of conduct will be maintained by the construction crew. Local norms will be respected. 4 Construction Camp 4.1 Soil Erosion/ . The construction camps will preferably Contractors ESM BC; Establishment and Contamination be established in the nearby grid DC Operation stations. * Photographs will be taken to record the -_ - - site conditions prior to the - ____ __--- -.--- ---- --- - eLN10-19 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Responsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring establishment of the camp. . Construction camp will be located in a stable and flat area, requiring minimal devegetation and leveling. ESI's approval will be obtained for camp location. . Land clearing, leveling and grading will be minimized, and carried out in a manner to minimize soil erosion. . Vehicular traffic on unpaved roads will be avoided as far as possible. Operation of vehicles close to the water channels, water reservoirs will be minimized. . Contractors will prepare a waste disposal plan and submit to ESI for his approval. . For the domestic sewage, appropriate treatment and disposal system will be constructed having adequate capacity. . Waste oils will be collected in drums and sold to the recycling contractors. l The inert recyclable waste from the site (such as card board, drums, broken/used parts, etc.) will be sold to ___ - -_ _recycling contractors. The hazardous 10-20 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) E$A Report i ; i i [ ResponsibilityI Project Activities j Impact Action I Timing Execution -FMonitoring waste will be kept separate and handled according to the nature of the waste. * Domestic solid waste from the construction camp will be disposed in a manner that does not cause soil contamination. * The camp sites will be completely restored after the completion of the construction works. All temporary structures will be demolished, land leveled and re-contoured to the original condition or better. All debris and any other material will be removed from the site. The photographs taken prior to the camp establishment will be used to restore the area. 4.2 Air Quality * Construction camps, if located outside Contractors ESM BC; Deterioration the grid stations, will be established DC about 500 m from communities. * Generators and vehicles will be kept in good working condition and properly tunned, in order to minimize the exhaust emissions. . Fugitive dust emissions will be --___ -_________ -------_________ minimized by appropriate methods, --.- -- - - eLN 10-21 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S1O Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Responsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring such as spraying water on soil, where required and appropriate. Waste water from kitchen and washing area of the construction camp may be used for water spraying. Project vehicles will avoid passing through communities, farms and orchards, If unavoidable, max speed of 15 km/h will be observed to avoid excessive dust emissions. 4.3 Surface Water * For the domestic sewage, appropriate Contractors ESM BC; Contamination treatment and disposal system will be DC constructed having adequate capacity. Waste oils will be collected in drums and sold to the recycling contractors. The inert recyclable waste from the site (such as card board, drums, broken/used parts, etc.) will be sold to recycling contractors. The hazardous waste will be kept separate and handled according to the nature of the waste. Domestic solid waste from the construction camp will be disposed in a manner that does not cause soil contamination. eAJ10-22 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report ' , , Responsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing I Execution Monitoring 4.4 Water * Water will be obtained from the source Contractors Environmental DC Consumption approved by the ESI. and Social . Astute planning will be employed to Inspector (ESI) conserve water at the construction sites and camp. Water will be procured in a manner that least affects the local communities. Waste water recycling will be carried out for sprinkling and gardening purposes. !4.5 Loss of Vegetation * Clearing natural vegetation will be ESM ESI BC; avoided as far as possible. DC i The camp will be established in a natural clearing, outside forested areas. . Complete record will be maintained for any tree cutting. * The construction crew will be provided with LPG as cooking (and heating, if required) fuel. Use of fuel wood will not be allowed. 14.6 Noise * Generators and vehicles will have Contractors ESM BC; exhaust mufflers (silencers) to minimize DC noise generation. The noise levels measured at the camp periphery will - - -. - meet the WB standards. _ _ _ eL6&N 10-23 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Responsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring 4.7 Safety Hazards * Protective fencing to be installed Contractors ESM BC; around the Camp to avoid any DC accidents. . Firefighting equipment will be made available at the camps. * The camp staff will be provided fire fighting training. * All safety precautions will be taken to transport, handle and store hazardous substances, such as fuel. 4.8 Public Health * Camps will be at least 500 m from any Contractors ESM BC; groundwater wells used by the DC community. * The construction camps and site offices will have first-aid kits. l The construction crew will be provided awareness for the transmissible diseases (such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis l_ B and C). 4.9 Social and Gender * Construction crew will avoid entering the ESM ESI BC Issues villages and settlements. DC . No child labor will be employed. eL__ 10-24 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Responsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring 5 Transportation of 5.1 Soil Erosion and . Vehicular traffic on unpaved roads will Contractors ESM DC Equipment and Contamination; be avoided as far as possible. Construction Materials Water Operation of vehicles and machinery Contamination close to the water channels, water reservoir will be minimized. Vehicles and equipment will not be repaired in the field. If unavoidable, impervious sheathing will be used to avoid soil and water contamination. 5.2 Air Quality * The project vehicles will be kept in good Contractors ESM BC; Deterioration working condition and properly tunned, DC in order to minimize the exhaust emissions. The vehicle exhaust will comply with the NEQS (Exhibit 2.3). * Fugitive dust emissions will be minimized by appropriate methods, such as spraying water on soil, where required and appropriate. * Project vehicles will avoid passing through the communities, farms and orchards as far as possible. If unavoidable, speed will be reduced to 15 km/h to avoid excessive dust emissions. e% 10-25 July 2007 FRTo7Vo3HES-S1O Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6m STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Responsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring 5.3 Noise * Vehicles will have exhaust mufflers Contractors ESM BC; (silencers) to minimize noise DC generation. The vehicle noise will comply with the relevant NEQS. . Nighttime traffic will be avoided near the communities. Local population will be taken in confidence if such work is unavoidable. . Vehicular traffic through the communities will be avoided as far as possible. Vehicle speeds will be kept low, and horns will not be used while passing through or near the communities. . The noise levels will comply with the WB standards. 5.4 Safety Hazards . Road signage will be fixed at Contractors ESM BC; appropriate locations to reduce safety DC hazard associated with project-related vehicular traffic. . Project drivers will be trained on defensive driving. . Vehicle speeds near / within the communities will be kept low, to avoid safety hazard and dust emissions. e___N 10-26 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S1 o Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Responsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring 5.5 Damage to * All damaged infrastructure will be Contractors ESM BC; Infrastructure restored to original or better condition. DC 6 Grid Station Construction 6.1 Land Acquisition * Land for the grid stations will be GSC Department ESI BC acquired in accordance with the LAA, on the basis of willing seller- willing buyer. The prices will be mutually agreed based upon market rates, and the land owner will have the option to refuse to sell the land. (Section 17.4 of the LAA will not be used.) * The entire land acquisition process will be properly documented. * Grievance redressal mechanism will be put in place to address the community complaints. 6.2 Loss of Agriculture * The land price will include any existing GSC Department ESI BC; crops at the time of the agreement. DC * Compensation will also be paid for damaged crops, if any, outside the acquired land. * Complete record will be maintained for the compensation determination and payment. ei^AN 10-27 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-SIO Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report . t Responsibilityi Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring 6.3 Blocked Access * In case of the blockage of the existing Contractor ESM BC; routes, alternate routes will be identified DC in consultation with affected communities. 6.4 Noise and * It will be ensured that the noise levels Contractor ESM DC Vibration measured at the communities near the project sites (identified in Exhibits 4.17 to 4.23) are kept within the acceptable limits (70 dB(A) for industrial zones day and night; 45 dB(A) night and 55 dB(A) daytime for residential areas). . Noise levels will be measured at the key locations described above. If the noise levels are found to be more than the prescribed limits, appropriate measures will be undertaken by the construction team such as rescheduling the works, using quieter equipment and/or erecting barriers to protect the communities from excessive noise. * Working hours for construction activities within the communities will be limited to between 8 am and 6 pm. - .. ... - - .--.- _ _ _ _ _ _ - . - . -.. -- .------.- ...--- -.- - - 10-28 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6 STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Responsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring 6.5 Safety Hazards * The construction sites will have Contractor ESM DC protective fencing to avoid any unauthorized entry. * Before commencing the testing commissioning of the system, the nearby communities will be informed. Protective fencing will be used where appropriate/possible. 6.6 Damage to * All damaged infrastructure will be Contractor ESM DC Infrastructure, restored to original or better condition. including Irrigation Network. 6.7 Gender Issues * Bypass routes will be identified, if GSC Department ESI BC; required, especially those frequented by DC women folk, such as route to the local well or water source. 6.8 Social Issues * Construction crew will avoid entering Contractor ESM DC villages and settlements. . Local social norms and practices will be respected. - No child labor will be employed at sites. ............ .. - -..- .. . .......- . .. ...- - -.-------.. -- - -- - .---- --- 6l&v 10-29 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Responsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring 6.9 Sites of Historical, * In case of discovery of any sites or GSC Department ESI BC; Cultural, artifacts of historical, cultural, DC Archeological or archeological or religious significance, Religious the work will be stopped at that site. Significance The provincial and federal archeological departments will be notified immediately, and their advice will be sought before resumption of the construction activities at such sites. 6.10 Soil Erosion * Cut and fill at the proposed grid station Contractors ESM; DC site will be carefully designed, and ESI ideally should balance each other. The surplus soil, if any, will be disposed at places approved by ESI. Such sites will be selected after surveying the area and ensuring that soil deposition will not have any significant impacts, such as loss of productive land, blocked access, natural vegetation and disturbance to drainage. * if necessary, fill material for grid station sites will be obtained from appropriate locations approved by ESI. Such locations will be selected after surveying the area and ensuring that soil extraction will not have any 10-30 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S10 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Project Activities Impact Action Responsibility Timing Execution Monitoring significant impacts, such as soil erosion, loss of natural vegetation and disturbance to drainage. * The fill material will not be obtained from any cultivation fields, unless allowed by the landowner/cultivator. * Where the use of cultivated land is unavoidable for obtaining the fill material, the top 30 cm soil layer will be removed and stockpiled for redressing the land after removal of the borrow material. The excavation in such areas will be limited to 50 cm depth. • Areas from where the fill material is obtained or surplus soil deposited, will be landscaped to minimize erosion and hazard for people and livestock. * Embankments and excavated slopes will not be left untreated/unattended for long durations. . After the completion of the construction works, campsites and other construction sites will be completely restored. No debris, surplus construction material or any garbage will be left behind. 10-31 July 2007 FRTo7VO3HES-Sto Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Responsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring Photographic record will be maintained for pre-project, during-construction and post-construction condition of the sites. 6.11 Soil . Vehicles and equipment will not be Contractors ESM, ESI DC Contamination; repaired in the field. If unavoidable, Water impervious sheathing will be used to Contamination avoid soil and water contamination. For the domestic sewage, appropriate treatment and disposal system, such as septic tanks and soaking pits, will be constructed having adequate capacity. The contractor(s) will submit to ESI the l plans for the camp layout and waste disposal system, and obtain approval. l l Waste oils will be collected in drums and sold to the recycling contractors. The inert recyclable waste from the site (such as card board, drums, broken/used parts, etc.) will be sold to recycling contractors. The hazardous waste will be kept separate and l handled according to the nature of the waste. Domestic solid waste from the construction camp will be disposed in a__ |___ __ _ _ manner that does not cause soil I eL6AN 10-32 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S1 o Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 2 I ] ] Responsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring contamination. The waste disposal plan submitted by the contractor(s) will also address the solid waste. * Leaked oil collection arrangement (such as a channel and a drain pit below the transformers) will be incorporated in the design of the transformer foundations at the grid stations. 6.12 Air Quality * Ambient air quality measurements will Contractors ESM DC Deterioration be carried out at the key project sites (particularly the new grid station locations). * Construction machinery, generators and vehicles will be kept in good working condition and properly tunned, in order to minimize the exhaust emissions. . Fugitive dust emissions will be minimized by appropriate methods, such as spraying water on soil, where required and appropriate. Since water availability is an issue in some of the areas, it is recommended that the waste water from kitchen and washing area of the construction camp may be used for water spraying. 10-33 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Project Activities j Impact Action Responsibility Timing Execution Monitoring . While working within the communities for works such as transmission line laying, coordination with the communities will be maintained to minimize any detrimental impacts on the crops and settlements. 6.13 AestheticValue Tree plantation will be carried inside GSC Department ESI AC and at the periphery of the grid stations, without compromising the safety aspects (ie, required clearances will be maintained). For this purpose, provisions will be made in the site layout of the grid stations. 7 Construction of 7.1 Loss of Agriculture . Temporary RoW will be used along the GSC Department ESI BC Transmission Lines proposed transmission lines, and for access routes to the transmission line corridor. * Compensation will be paid for the crops damaged as a result of the construction activities. The compensation will be paid to the cultivator, and absence of the land title will not be a bar to receiving the compensation. The Resettlement Plan (provided under separate cover) presents detailed -__ -_ procedure for the compensation - 10-34 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S1O Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6*' STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report i iResponsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring determination and payment. * Complete record will be maintained for the determination and payment of the compensation. * The orchards will be avoided as far as possible while aligning the transmission lines. If unavoidable, no vehicular movement will be allowed inside any orchards, no fruit trees will be cut inside the orchards, and transmission lines will be aligned through the existing gaps between the trees. * It will be ensured that the land under the transmission line towers remains available for cultivation. * In case the above is not possible, the land under the tower will be acquired in accordance with the LAA procedures (Section 17.4 of the LAA will not be used). * Operation of project vehicles and construction machinery outside the RoW will be avoided. Attempts will be made to use existing tracks/roads to access the transmission line corridor/tower locations. In case new e_A_N 10-35 July 2007 FRTO7VO3HES-SIO Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report . , ¢ 0 Responsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring access routes are necessary, the cultivated land will be avoided as far as possible. Damage to crops will be compensated. * Grievance redressal mechanism will be put in place to address the community complaints. 7.2 Damage to . Operation of construction machinery or Contractor ESM DC irrigation network project vehicles near the water courses/canals will be avoided. * All damages to the water courses or canals caused by the project activities will be completely repaired. 7.3 Blocked Access . In case of the blockage of the existing Contractor ESM BC; routes, alternate routes will be identified DC in consultation with affected . _ communities. ! --- -- - - l 17.4 Noise and l. It will be ensured that the noise levels I Contractor ESM 'DC i Vibration i measured at the communities near the project sites (identified in Exhibits 4.17 to 4.23) are kept within the acceptable limits (70 dB(A) for industrial zones day l and night; 45 dB(A) night and 55 dB(A) daytime for residential areas). l -__ ---- -- I __ --J. Noise levels will be measured at the _----. eLAN 10-36 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Responsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring key locations described above. If the noise levels are found to be more than the prescribed limits, appropriate measures will be undertaken by the construction team such as rescheduling the works, using quieter equipment and/or erecting barriers to protect the communities from excessive noise. * Vehicular traffic through the communities will be avoided as far as possible. Project routes will be authorized by ESI. . Vehicle speeds will be kept low, and horns will not be used while passing through or near the communities. . Vehicles will have exhaust silencers to minimize noise generation. * Nighttime traffic will be avoided near the communities. . Movement of all project vehicles and personnel will be restricted to within work areas, to avoid noise disturbance. . Working hours for construction activities within the communities will be limited to between 8 am and 6 pm. eL- 10-37 July2007 FRT07VO3HES-SIO Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6"' STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Responsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring 7.5 Safety Hazards . The communities near the transmission Contractor ESM DC line routes will be informed about the construction activities. Protective fencing will be installed where required. . Before commencing the testing commissioning of the system, the nearby communities will be informed. Protective fencing will be used where appropriate/possible. . For the Humayun - Jacobabad transmission line works near the Jacobabad grid station, the GSC/contractor will prepare a work plan, highlighting the safety measures for the settlements under the transmission line. The plan will be submitted to HESCO for approval. No works will be commenced before the approval. * For the above segment of the transmission line, a safety wire net will be fixed below the transmission line wires to protect the houses below. * The height of the transmission line will be increased for the above segment of the transmission line. A N 10-38 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Responsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring . HESCO will carry out electricity network improvement activities in the above settlement, in order create goodwill and to reduce the community grievances related to the proposed transmission l _line being routed over their houses. 7.6 Damage to . All damaged infrastructure will be Contractor ESM DC Infrastructure restored to original or better condition. 7.7 Gender Issues * Bypass routes to be identified, if GSC Department ESI BC; required, especially along routes DC frequented by women, such as route to the local well or water source. ;7.8 Social Issues . Construction crew will avoid entering Contractor ESM DC | villages and settlements. ,. No chills labor will be employed at the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ project sites. l _ 17.9 Sites of Historical, * Extreme care will be employed while Contractor ESM DC Cultural, working through the graveyards that Archeological or exist on the transmission line routes. Religious No graves will be damaged. Significance Construction activities will be carried out after consultation with the nearby/relevant community. * In case of discovery of any sites or iGSC Department' ESI :DC _________ , __ Xartifacts of historical, cultural, _ _l_ _ 66AN 10-39 July 2007 FRTO7V03HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6t'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Responsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring archeological or religious significance, the work will be stopped at that site. The provincial and federal archeological departments will be notified immediately, and their advice will be sought before resumption of the construction activities at such sites. 7.10 Soil Erosion a Embankments and excavated slopes Contractor ESM DC will not be left untreated/unattended for long durations. * Vehicular traffic on unpaved roads will be avoided as far as possible. Operation of vehicles and machinery close to the water bodies will be minimized. * After the completion of the construction works, the transmission line routes and other construction sites will be completely restored. No debris, surplus construction material or any garbage will be left behind. * Photographic record will be maintained for pre-project, during-construction and post-construction condition of the sites. 7.11 Soil and Water * Vehicles and equipment will not be Contractor ESM DC repaired in the field, If unavoidable, e6AI.N 10-40 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S10 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6h" STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Project Activities Impact Action RepniiiYTiming Execution Monitoring Contamination impervious sheathing will be used to avoid soil and water contamination. 7.12 Air Quality * Construction machinery, generators Contractor ESM DC Deterioration and vehicles will be kept in good working condition and properly tunned, in order to minimize the exhaust emissions. * Fugitive dust emissions will be minimized by appropriate methods, such as spraying water on soil, where required and appropriate. * Project vehicles will avoid passing through the communities and cultivation fields as far as possible. If unavoidable, speed will be reduced to 15 km/h to avoid excessive dust emissions. * While working within the communities for works such as transmission line laying, coordination with the communities will be maintained to minimize any detrimental impacts on the crops and settlements. 7.13 Loss of Natural * Clearing of natural vegetation will be Contractor ESM DC Vegetation minimized as far as possible during the transmission line works. e,9-10-41 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report i . , ' Responsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring * Herbicides will not be used to clear vegetation along the transmission line route (or at other project locations). * For each transmission line route, a tree cutting plan will be prepared and submitted to HESCO for approval. A complete record will be maintained for any tree cutting or trimming. The record will include: the number, species, type, size, age, condition and photograph of the trees to be cut/trimmed. . The construction crew will be provided with LPG as cooking (and heating, if required) fuel. Use of fuel wood will not be allowed. * Tree plantation plan will be developed and implemented at each of the grid stations included in the proposed project. Provisions will be made for tree plantation while designing the layout of the grid stations. Indigenous tree species will be selected for plantation; Eucalyptus trees will not be used. eLAfrN 10-42 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Responsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring 7.14 Damage to Wildlife . Garbage will not be left in the open. Contractor ESM DC The project staff will not indulge in any hunting or trapping activities. . A separate EA will be carried out in case any project component is located inside protected areas. 8 Miscellaneous 8.1 Public grievances . The communities near the project sites HESCO ESM DC that currently do not have access to the electricity network, will be provided l electric connections. 9 Operation and 9.1 Safety hazards . HESCO's O&M staff will be provided GSO ESC Durng Operation Maintenance Activities essential protective gears and and Maintenance equipment. (O&M) . HESCO's O&M staff will be provided safety training. Refresher courses will be arranged on regular basis. * Firefighting equipment will be made available at the grid stations. . The Emergency Response Plan (ERP), prepared by HESCO, will be made available at each grid station. Its salient points will be displayed at prominent places within each grid station. The O&M staff will be given training on the -__ -__ -_ ERP. The ESC will review the ERP . - eLAN 10-43 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6a) STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report i jResponsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring with respect to environmental/ social considerations, and recommend changes if needed. ERP will include procedure to inform the communities in case of fire in the grid stations. * The communities near the grid stations and transmission lines will be educated on the risk of electrocution, and how to avoid accidents. * Appropriate signage on safety precautions will be installed at the key locations. . The trees under the transmission lines will be regularly trimmed in order to maintain 8 m clearance. * For the last segment of Humayun - Jacobabad transmission line which passes over the congested settlement, the wire net will be maintained to protect the people living directly below the transmission line. 9.2 Loss of agriculture I. Damage to the crops will be avoided GSO ESC During O&M during the transmission line patrolling. * Any damage during repair the repair -_________________ __._-.------_ and maintenance activities will be e_l_N 10-44 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S1l0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6"' STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Responsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing Execution Monitoring compensated. * Liaison with the nearby communities will be maintained in this regard. * The grievance redressal mechanism will be maintained on continuous basis. 9.3 Noise emissions . Noise measurements will be carried out GSO ESC During O&M at the outer fence of the grid stations, in order to ensure that the noise levels are within acceptable limits. If found beyond these limits at any stage, appropriate measures will be taken, such replacing the noisy equipment, and/or erecting noise barrier along the grid station outer periphery. . Liaison with the nearby communities will be maintained in this regard. 9.4 Soil and water . The grid stations will have appropriate GSO ESC During O&M contamination solid waste collection and disposal arrangements. . The grid stations will have appropriate sewage handling system. The grid stations' sewage collection system will be connected to the Municipality operated sewerage system, if available. Otherwise, grid stations will have their e%AN 10-45 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6m STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Responsibility Project Activities Impact Action Timing I _____ _________________________________________________ Execution Monitoring __________ own septic tanks and soakage pits. . Waste oils and chemicals will be disposed in accordance with their respective Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). MSDS will be made available at the grid stations and maintenance workshops. * Non-toxic recyclable waste will be given away for recycling. * Toxic waste will be stored separately, and incinerated at an appropriate double chamber incinerator. * Grid stations will have channels and drainage pits to collect any leaked oil from the transformers in the grid stations. This oil will be sent back to the workshop for recycling. . Any soil contaminated by the oil/chemical spillage will be removed and disposed off appropriately in accordance with the MSDS of the spilled oil/chemical. ESI: Environmental and Social Inspector; BC: Before Construction; ESM: Environment and Social Monitor; DC: During Construction; PM: Project Manager; AC: After Construction; GSC: Grid Station Construction (department); GSO: Grid Station Operation (department). eLAN 10-46 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 10.4: Effects Monitoring Plan for Construction Period No. Monitoring Parameter Monitoring Locations Frequency ResponsibiY Requirement Documentation 1 Visual observation of soil Construction sites, During routine ESI - Record of observations; erosion campsites monitoring Photographs. 2 Water quality At wells and surface waetr Before mobilization Contractor/ESM Sampling Complete record of bodies near grid station bottles sampling and analyses. and construction campsites Selected local wells Monthly Contractor/ESM Sampling Complete record of bottles sampling and analyses. Selected locations at Monthly Contractor/ESM Sampling Complete record of nearby surface water bottles sampling and analyses. bodies 4 Water consumption Construction sites, Daily Contractor/ESM - Complete record campsite 5 Visual checks for any damage Construction sites During routine ESI - Record of observations; to water course, groundwater monitoring Photographs. wells 6 Ambient air quality Construction sites, camp Before mobilization Contractor/ESM Ambient air Complete record of sites quality sampling and analyses. monitoring equipment Construction sites, camp Once every two Contractor/ESM Ambient air Complete record of sites months quality sampling and analyses. monitoring equipment 7 Visual checks for exhaust Construction sites, camp During routine Contractor/ESM - Record of observations; emissions site monitoring Photographs. Visual checks for dust Construction sites, camp During routine Contractor/ESM - Record of observations; emissions site, project roads monitoring Photographs. e 10-47 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report ...Cont'd. Exhibit 10.4. No. Monitoring Parameter Monitoring Locations Frequency Responsibi Resource Documentation 8 Noise At nearby communities Fortnightly or during Contractor/ESM Noise meter Complete record of noise the construction measurements, locations, activities causing etc. noise. 9 Public Grievances At nearby communities Throughout the field ESI Social Complete record to be activities. Complaint maintained in the form of Register the Social Complaint Register. Frequency may be adjusted in the field according to the situation and results of the monitoring. e6AN 10-48 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S1O Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6t STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 10.5: Grievance Redressal Mechanism Stage Action Action By By When Monitoring Notes Mobilization at site Placement of Social Complaint ESM At the time ESI The SCR will have separate columns for: i) date of Register (SCR) at the site office of site complaint; ii) description of complaint; iii) particulars mobilization. of complainant; iv) details of action required/decided; v) person(s) responsible to take action; vi) person(s) responsible to monitor the action; vii) details of action taken (when, by whom, where); viii) comments of the complainant after the action taken. A separate SCR will be placed at each grid station included in the proposed project, and any other _________________ .project site offices. Complaint raised The complaint is recorded in ESM ESI The relevant columns of the SCR are filled. by any the SCR. complainant - ---________________............. Identification of A meeting is held between ESI WVithin 2 ESC The relevant columns of the SCR are filled. remedial action ESM and ESI, and if required days of the with PM and Site Incharge. new The redial action is identified. complaint. The PD and ESC are informed regarding the grievance and the remedial action identified. Implementation of The remedial action is Contractors or To be ESI The relevant columns of the SCR are filled. remedial action implemented HESCO, decided for depending upon each the nature of the remedial remedial action. measure Feed back to the Information is provided to the ESM Within 1 ESI The relevant columns of the SCR are filled. complainant complainant regarding the week of the remedial action taken. action taken. The comments/observations of the complainant are obtained and documented. e 10-49 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-SI0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report ...Cont'd. Exhibit 10.5. Stage Action Action By By When Monitoring Notes Fortnightly site The SCR will be discussed. ESI Fortnightly. PM The discussion will be documented in the minutes of meetings .. . ................... _ ____ . . meeting. On monthly basis The summary of SCR will be ESI Monthly. PM sent to PD and ESC. e 10-50 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S1 0 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 10.6: Environmental and Social Trainings Contents Participants Responsibility Schedule General environmental and socioeconomic awareness; Design team; ESC Prior to the start of the project Environmental and social sensitivity of the project area; Selected HESCO activities. Key findings of the ESA; management staff (To be repeated as needed.) Mitigation measures; ESMP; Social and cultural values of the area. General environmental and socioeconomic awareness; All site personnel ESI and ESM Prior to the start of the field Environmental and social sensitivity of the project area; activities. Mitigation measures; (To be repeated as needed.) Community issues; Awareness of transmissible diseases Social and cultural values. ESMP; Construction crew ESM Prior to the start of the Waste disposal construction activities. (To be repeated as needed.) Road safety; Drivers ESM Before and during the field Defensive driving; operations. Waste disposal; (To be repeated as needed.) Cultural values and social sensitivity. Camp operation; Camp staff ESM Before and during the field Waste disposal; operations. Natural resource conservation; (To be repeated as needed.) Housekeeping. Restoration requirements; Restoration teams ESM Before the start of the restoration Waste disposal activities. 10-51 July2007 FRT07VO3HES-S10 Environmental and Social Management Plan HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 10.7: Cost of Environmental and Social Management Description Cost Basis (Pak Rs.) 1 Environmental and Social Personnel ESI (3) 2,160,000 18 months x 40,000 PM a ESM (6) 0 To be included in the Contractor's cost 2 Environmental and Social 45,000 Initial water analysis to Monitoring determine baseline conditions (9 locations; 5,000 per sample). 810,000 9 water samples per month; Rs. 5,000 per sample; 18 months. 80,000 Initial air quality analysis to determine baseline conditions (4 locations; 20,000 per location) 480,000 4 air quality analysis every three months; 20,000 per analysis; 18 months. 3 External Monitoring 840,000 3 x 1-day visits; 4 locations (GS): (12 days). 3 x 2 day visits; 5 TL locations (30 days). 42 days x !0,000 per day x 2 experts 4 Environmental and Social 440,000 11 training sessions x one-day Trainings duration; Rs 40,000 per training. 5 Tree Plantation 100,000 About 500 trees to be planted at the grid stations. 6 Development of PCBs Elimination 520,000 26 days x 20,000 per day. Plan 7 Crop/tree compensation 7,470,492 See Section E.2 of Appendix E for details. 8 Cost of land for new grid stations The cost of land is 0 Rs. 1,242,180 for the new grid stations, and is already included in the proejct cost. 9 Miscellaneous Expenses 500,000 Lump sum 10 Contingencies 403,365 3 % of the above Total 13,848,857 The duration of the proposed project has been assumed as 18 months. Frequency of analysis may be adjusted by ESI on the basis of the previous results or sensitivity of area. Parameters for air quality monitoring to be determined by ESI, depending upon the area sensitivity/expected pollutants. dFrequency of the trainings may be altered per the requirements. e 10-52 July 2007 FRTo7VO3HES-S10 HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 11 Conclusions and Recommendations This ESA has been conducted in line with the relevant guidelines of the WB and GoP. The objective of the ESA is to identify and assess the potential environmental and social impacts of the HESCO's proposed 6'h STG project (2006-07). The ESA also includes public consultation with the institutional as well as grass root stakeholders, in order to apprise them of the project activities and to obtain their views and concerns. This Chapter presents the conclusions of the key findings and recommendations for further actions. 11.1 Conclusions The major conclusions of the ESA are: * For the electricity transmission and grid station projects such as the 6'h STG, environmental and social impacts are experienced primarily during the construction phase. The operation phase will have mostly insignificant impacts on the social, physical and biological environment of the area. This has been confirmed during the environmental and social assessment as part of this ESA. Furthermore, some of the impacts can be forestalled at the design stage as well. * The potential impacts during the construction phase of the proposed project include land acquisition (resulting in loss of assets and/or loss of livelihood), loss of agriculture, damage to the irrigation network, soil erosion and contamination, water contamination, deterioration of ambient air quality caused by exhaust emissions and kicked-up dust, noise pollution, damaged infrastructure, safety hazards and public health concerns for the nearby communities. * The key environmental and social management issues during the operation phase of the proposed project include waste disposal at the grid stations, safety hazards for the HESCO staff as well as the nearby communities, and loss of agriculture caused during the transmission line maintenance activities. * All the recommended mitigation measures are contained in the ESMP, which will need to be made part of the construction contract(s). The ESMP provides the organization structure for the environmental and social management system during the project implementation, and defines roles and responsibilities of various role players. The ESMP includes a mitigation plan, which precisely defines the mitigation actions, executing persons, monitoring persons and timing of these actions. An environmental and social monitoring plan is also included in the ESMP, in addition to communication and documentation requirements, and training needs, in the context of environmental and social management. * An RP has also been developed to provide framework and procedure to address the involuntary resettlement issues and to guide through the compensation assessment e1 . July2007 FRT07V03HES-S1 1 Conclusions and Recommendations HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report and disbursement process during the proposed project. (The RP is provided under a separate cover.) The RP will also be made part of the construction contracts. * The mitigation measures proposed in this ESA adequately address all the concerns raised by the stakeholders, as summarized in Exhibit 11.1. * Based on the recommended mitigation measures provided in Chapters 8 and 9, the impacts identified in Exhibit 8.1 will be sufficiently mitigated, and the residual impacts are expected to be within the acceptable limits. Exhibit 11.2 presents the assessment of the residual impacts. * On the basis of the overall impact assessment, more specifically, nature and magnitude of the residual environmental and socioeconomic impacts identified during the present ESA, it is concluded that the proposed project is unlikely to cause any significant, lasting impact on the social, physical and biological environment of the area, provided that the proposed activities are carried out as mentioned in this report, and the mitigation measures included in this report are completely and effectively implemented. 11.2 Recommendations On the basis of the environmental and social impact assessment discussed in Chapters 8 and 9, and the conclusions provided in Section 11.1 above, it is recommended that: * The ESMP should be made a part of the contracts awarded by HESCO for the proposed project. * The Company should follow the RP for addressing the involuntary resettlement issues (primarily pertaining to crops damaged as a result of construction activities), and to compensate the project affected persons (PAPs). * HESCO will not purchase transformers having PCB-containing oil. However, old transformers in the HESCO system may still have PCB-containing oil. Therefore, a program should be developed to eliminate the PCB-containing transformer oil from its entire system. To start with, the grid stations and workshops should be provided with the PCB testing kits. * In-house environmental and social management capacity should be developed in HESCO. For this purpose, an Environmental and Social Cell should be established within the company. * HESCO should develop its Environmental and Social Policy, which should demonstrate the company's commitment towards sound environmental and social management practices throughout its operations. * The company should adhere to the environmental legislation and regulations, particularly for conducting environmental and social assessments for all its future projects. * HESCO and its contractors should employ local labor as much as possible. 11-2 July 2007 FRTO7V03HES-S1 1 Conclusions and Recommendations HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report * HESCO should ensure that the communities near the project sites, that currently do not have access to electric supply, will be provided electric connections. 4N 11-3 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-SI 1 Conclusions and Recommendations HESCO 6'h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 11.1: Summary of Concern Raised by Stakeholders and their Mitigation Concerns I Recommendations Mitigation Measures Land acquisition issues. See Sections 9.2 and 9.3.1. Possibility of soil and water contamination See Sections 8.2 and 8.4.1. caused by the PCB-containing transformer oil. Construction-related issues, such as waste See Sections 8.3.1, 9.3.5 and 9.4.1. disposal, soil erosion and hazard for communities. Effects of electromagnetic radiation caused by See Sections 9.2 and 9.4. the high power transmission lines. Safety hazards for people caused by the See Sections 9.2, 9.3.5 and 9.4.1. transmission lines Possibility of transmission line passing over the See Sections 9.2, 9.3.5 and 9.4. settlements HESCO should conduct environmental See Section 11.2. assessment of all of its projects. HESCO should develop organizational capacity See Section 10.3.1. for managing the environmental issues during its operations. Development of PCB elimination program. See Section 8.4.1. HESCO should take all safety precautions to See Sections 9.2, 9.3.5 and 9.4.1. minimize safety hazards associated with the transmission lines Payment of full compensation for the cost of See Section 9.3.1. land/damaged crops. Low height of the transmission line (Humayun - See Section 9.3.5. Jacobabad) thus causing safety hazard, and not allowing the residents to construct taller buildings/install antenna, etc. HESCO should provide employment See Section 11.2. opportunities to the local population near the project sites. HESCO should ensure community participation See Sections 7.2 and 10.6.3. during all phases of the project. HESCO should ensure electric supply to the See Section 11.2. communities near the project sites. I 11-4 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S1 1 Conclusions and Recommendations HESCO 6 th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report Exhibit 11.2: Environmental Screening Matrix (Mitigated) ________________Physical Biological Social and Socioeconomic a1) 0 U C) L.M-, e a) a) a 0 E 200 a) a)Cdco O. ::I 0" a) ' )oa Design Phase Site Selection for GridStations 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 N 0 0 0 0 Route Selection for Transmissi'on 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 N 0 0 0 0 Lines Design of Grid Station 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 Equipment Selection 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0OiO0 0,010 N 0 0 0 0 Construction Phase-Grid Station-s N 0 _ Land Acquisition N JN N N N N N 0 N 0 0 01-1 N1N N N N N Mobilization of Contractors 010 0 __ 0 0 0 0 0 0 -10 0 0 0 -1 Construction Camp Establishment 010 0 01 0 0 0 0 i o j 0 ojo 0 0 1 oW -1 Construction Camp Operation o o o o 1 0 0 0 >1 0 o0 o0,0,1 0 0I0 0 -1 Transportation of Construction 0 r 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 - Materials and Supplies : 0- Excavation for Foundations -1 0 :2 0 0 0 2I 0 __ O 0 Construction Works -1 -1 0j 0 0 0 0 0 -1O 6 0 0 -110 0 0 0 0 Equipment Installation 01- G 0 0 00 0 O J 0~ -110 0 0 0 0-- Testing and Commissioning 0 0 00 0 0 0:0 0 0 0: 1 0 0 0 0 0 e,11-5 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S1 1 Conclusions and Recommendations HESCO 6 th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report ..Contd. Exhibit 11.2. Physical Biological Social and Socioeconomic co cIT K CZ A 0 0 cr t )0 C' b -.o Construction Phase-Transmissiont _ __ __ine__ _I __ Land Acquisition N N N N N N N 0 N 0 0 0 -1 N N N N N N Mobilization of Contractors 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 010:0:-I 0 0;0 0 -1 Construction Camp Establishment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 10 -1 0 0 0 0 - Construction Camp Operation 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 -1 0 0 ol 0 -1 0 0 0 0 -1 Mrnprateias of Construction 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -i 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 -1 Excavation for Foundations -i -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0101-1 0 0 0 0 0 Construction of Foundations -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 00 03 -1 0 0 0 0 0 Erection of Towers /Poles 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 Stringing 0 -:1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 _ -1 0 0 0 -00 Testing and Commissioning o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 __ 0 0 1- 0 0 _ 0 Contractor Demobilization -0 JO IO 0 0 1- 0 0l--I 0 0 10 0 -1 Operation and Maintenance Phase _0 Grid Station O&M 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 Transmission Line O&M o Zo[oIo joI I I .3 1-110T YoYo Key: -2: High negative impact; -l: Low negative impact; 0: insignificant/negligible impact; +1: low positive impact; +2: High positive impact, N: no impact. A11-6 July 2007 FRT07VO3HES-S1 I HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report 12 References and Document Support ADB 2000: Sindh Rural Development Project. Project Report, Asian Development Bank, 2000. ADB 2005. Sindh Coastal and Inland Community Development Project. Interim Report, Volume -II Appendices, Asian Development Bank, December 2005. Ahmad, Nazir. 1993. Water Resources of Pakistan and their Utilization. Miraj Din Press, Lahore. Ali, Salim and Ripley, S. Dillon 1968. A Synopsis of the Birds of India and Pakistan. Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay, India. Ali, S. A. 1996. The Book of Indian Birds. 12th revised and enlarged Centenary edition. Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay, India. Anwar, M., 1989: Development of a Management Plan for Grey Goral. Lessons from Blackbuck and Cheer Pheasant Reintroduction Attempts. Dissertation for PhD in wildlife science, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA ADB 2003. EnvironmentalAssessment Guidelines. Asian Development Bank. Baig, K. J. 1997. Distribution of Laudakia (Sauria:Agamidae) and its origin.. In: Biodiversity of Pakistan. Eds. Mufti, S.A., Woods, CA. and Hassan, S.A., Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Islamabad, Pakistan and Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, Florida, USA, Baig, K.J. and Gvozdik, L., 1998. Upenodon systoma: Record of a new microhylid frog from Pakistan. Pakistan. Zool. 30 (2):155-156. Boulenger, G.A. 1890. The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma: Reptilia and Batrachia, 541 pp. Taylor & Francis, London. Champion et. al.1965. Forest Types of Pakistan. Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar. EPA, 1997: Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, Government of Pakistan. EPA, 1997: Guidelines for Public Consultation. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, Government of Pakistan, May. EPA, 1997: Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, Government of Pakistan, October. Grimmett, R., lnskipp C., lnskipp T., 1999: Pocket Guide to the Birds of the Indian Subcontinent. Oxford University Press, Singapore. GoP 1997. Act No. XXXIV of 1997. The Gazette of Pakistan, Government of Pakistan. Islamabad, December 6, 1997. e 12-1 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S12 References and Document Support HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report GoP 1999. District Census Report of Jacobabad (1998). Population Census Organization, Statistical Division, Government of Pakistan. May 1999. GoP 1999. District Census Report of Larkana (1998). Population Census Organization, Statistical Division, Government of Pakistan. July 1999. GoP 1999. District Census Report of Tharparkar (1998). Population Census Organization, Statistical Division, Government of Pakistan. September 1999. GoP 1999. District Census Report of Badin (1998). Population Census Organization, Statistical Division, Government of Pakistan. October 1999. GoP 1999. District Census Report of Hyderabad (1998). Population Census Organization, Statistical Division, Government of Pakistan. December 1999. GoP 1999. District Census Report of Thatta (1998). Population Census Organization, Statistical Division, Government of Pakistan. December 1999. GoP 2000. District Census Report of Sanghar (1998). Population Census Organization, Statistical Division, Government of Pakistan. February 2000. GoP 2000. District Census Report of Umerkot (1998). Population Census Organization, Statistical Division, Government of Pakistan. January 2000. GoP 2000. Provincial Census Report of Sindh (1998). Population Census Organization, Statistical Division, Government of Pakistan. May 2000. GoP 2001. Socio-economic Indicators at District Level, Sindh. Federal Bureau of Statistics, Government of Pakistan, 2001. GoP 2003. Pakistan National Human Development Report. 2003. GoP 2004. Development Statistics of Sindh. Bureau of Statistics, Government of Pakistan, Karachi 2004. GoP 2005. Medium Term development Framework. Government of Pakistan. 2005. GoP 2005. Agriculture Statistics of Pakistan. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, GOP, Islamabad 2004-2005 GoP 2006. Crop Area and Production. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, GOP, Islamabad 2005-2006 GoS 2004. Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan. Marine Fisheries Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi, 2004. GoS 2003. Between Hope and Despair, Participatory Poverty Assessment Sindh Report. P&D, Government of Sindh, 2003. HESCO 2004. PCI - eh STG Programme, Sub Transmission Lines and Grid Stations, 2003-04 to 2007-08. Hyderabad Electric Supply Company. September 2004. HESCO 2006. Project Description Document - 6th STG Project. Hyderabad Electric Supply Company. Hussain, S., Gilani, T., Khan, R., Anwar, M., Bokhari, R., 2002: Indus Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol 3, Central Cotton Research Institute, Sakrand. e1L A 2-2 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S1 2 References and Document Support HESCO 6th STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report IUCN - Pakistan Water Gateway. Key Water Information. IUCN 2004. Sindh State of Environment and Development. IUCN, 2004. Kazi, S. A.,1952. Climatic Regions of West Pakistan, Pakistan Geographical Review. Khan, M. S. and M. R. Mirza, 1976. Annotated Checklist and key to the Reptiles of Pakistan. Part l: Chelonia and Crocodilia. Biologia. Vol. 22, No.2. Khan, Mohammad Sharif, 1993. Snakes of Pakistan. Urdu Science Board, Lahore. Khan, M.S., 1979. On a collection of amphibians and reptiles from northem Punjab and Azad Kashmir, with ecological notes. Biologia 25 (1-2):37-50. Mirza, M. R., 1975. Fresh water fishes and zoogeography of Pakistan. Bijdr. Dierk. (Amsterdam). 45: 143-180. Mirza, M. R. 1990. Fresh water fishes of Pakistan. Urdu Science Board. Mirza, Z. B. 1998. Illustrated Handbook of Animal Biodiversity of Pakistan. Centre for Environmental Research and Conservation. Islamabad. NEPRA 2005. State of Industry Report 2005. National Electric Regulatory Authority, Islamabad. Oxfam 2003. Post Flood Assessment in Badin and Thatta Districts. Oxfam, 2003. Pak-EPA 2000. S.R.O. 339 (1)12001. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, Islamabad, 2000. Roberts, T.J., 1991: The Birds of Pakistan (Vols. I & II). Oxford University Press, Karachi. 598 p, 617p. Roberts, T. J. 1997. The Mammals of Pakistan. Ernest Benn Limited, London & Tonbridge. Schimmel, Annemarie 1983. Makli Hill: A Center of Islamic Culture in Sindh. 1983. Sikander Brohi 2003. Background Paper on Fisheries Sector, ICSF, 2003. Sikander Brohi 2002. Degradation of Indus Delta and its Impact on the Local Communities. SZABIST, Karachi, 2002. SPDC 2002. Social Policy and Development Centre, Social Development in Pakistan: Annual Review 2001, SPDC, Karachi 2002. Survey of Pakistan, 1997. Atlas of Pakistan. Director Map Publication, Survey of Pakistan, Rawalpindi. Ullah, M. K.; Habib, Z.; Muhammad, S. 2001. Spatial distribution of reference and potential evapotranspiration across the Indus Basin Irrigation Systems. Lahore, Pakistan: International Water Management Institute (IWMI working paper 24). World Bank. 2005. OP 4.10 - Indigenous People. The World Bank Operational Manual. The World Bank. July 2005. World Bank 2005. Socioeconomic Study & Proposal for Livelihood Improvements: Badin & Thatta Districts Sindh, Pakistan. World Bank. 2005. e 12-3 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S12 References and Document Support HESCO 6h STG Project (2006-07) ESA Report World Bank. 2003. Social Analysis Sourcebook, Incorporating Social Dimensions into Bank-Supported Projects. Social Development Department, The World Bank. December 2003. World Bank. 2002. World Bank Policy on Disclosure of Information. The World Bank. June 2002. World Bank. 2001. OP 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement. The World Bank Operational Manual. The World Bank. December 2001. World Bank. 2001. OP 4.04 - Natural Habitat. The World Bank Operational Manual. The World Bank. June 2001. World Bank. 1999. OP 4.01 - Environmental Assessment. The World Bank Operational Manual. The World Bank. January 1999. World Bank. 1994. OP 7.60 - Projects in Disputed Areas. The World Bank Operational Manual. The World Bank. November 1994. World Bank. 1991. Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume l: Policies, Procedures, and Cross-Sectoral Issues. World Bank Technical Paper No. 139. Environment Department, The World Bank. World Bank. 1991. Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume Ill: Guidelines for Environmental Assessment of Energy and Industry Projects. World Bank Technical Paper No. 154. Environment Department, The World Bank. World Bank. 1986. OPN 11.03 - Management of Cuftural Property in Bank-Financed Projects. The World Bank Operational Manual. The World Bank. September 1986. World Bank, UNIDO, and UNEP. 1999. Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook: Towards Cleaner Production. Environment Department, The World Bank, UNIDO, UNEP. WHO 1993. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1993. eu 12-4 July 2007 FRT07V03HES-S12 l l