E508 January 2002 Second Liao River Basin Proiect Environment Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide Draft of December 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment ImpactAssessment Report-Basin Wide Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1-1 1.1 Background 1-1 1.2 Objective of the Project 1-3 1.2.1 Objective of Liao River Basin Planning 1-3 1.2.2 Major Tasks of Water Pollution Control in the Liao River Basin 1-3 1.3 Strategic Context 1-4 1.3.1 Primary Environmental Concerns in the Liao River Basin 1-4 1. 3.2 Government Strategy 1-4 1. 3.3 Measures to be Taken 1-5 1.4 EA Processing 1-7 2-1 Liao River Basin 2-1 2.1 General Setting 2-2 2.2 Climate 2-13 2.3 Social and Economic Situation 2-2 2.4 Water Resources 24 2.4.1 The Hydrology and Quality of Surface Water 2-4 2.4.2 Hydrogeology 2-6 2.5 Water Functioning in Liao River and the Quality Objective of Surface Water 2-7 2.6 The Existing and Planning use of Liao River and Its Branches 2-8 2.7 Bohai Sea 2-8 2.7.1 Natural Environment 2-8 2.7.2 Marine Geology and Landform 2-8 2.7.3 Wind Direction 2-8 2.7.4 Ocean Current and Tide 2-9 2.7.6 Aquatic Resources 2-9 2.8 Ecology 2-9 2.8.1 General Ecological Environment 2-9 2.8.2 River System and Pollution Impact 2-9 2.8.3 Relation Between Wetland of Shuangtaizi River's Mouth and Liao River 2-12 2.8.4 Relation Between Estuaries and Bohai Bay and Liaodong Bay 2-12 2.9 Water Supply and Wastewater 2-13 2.9.1 Service Scope 2-13 2.9.2 Surface Water and Groundwater 2-13 2.9.3 Wastewater Treatment 2-14 2.9.4 Project Cities 2-14 3. Current Situation 3-1 3.1 Water Quality 3-1 3.1.1 Human Health 3-1 3.1.2 Water Balance 3-1 3.1.3 Water Resource Utilization 3-1 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide 3.2 Pollution Treatment Plan and Activity 3-3 3.2.1 The Current Water Resources Management Activities in the Basin 3-3 3.2.2 Industrial Pollution Control Plan 3-4 3.2.3 Liao River Basin Environmental Management Plan 3-5 3.2.4 Water Demand Control Plan 3-5 4. Legal Frame and Criteria 4-1 4.1 Legal Frame 4-1 4.2 Criteria of EIA 4-2 4.2.1 Criteria of EIA 4-2 4.2.2 Environmental Function Zoning 4-2 5. Project Description 5-1 5.1 Project Overview 5-1 5.1.1 Name and Content of the Project 5-1 5.1.2 Wastewater Interception System 5-1 5.1.3 Wastewater Treatment Plant 5-6 5.2 Description of Wastewater Treatment 5-7 5.2.1 Main Structure and Equipment of Wastewater Treatment Plant 5-7 5.2.2 Sludge Treatment 5-8 5.2.3 Reuse of Treated Effluent 5-9 5.3 Municipal Wastewater Flow and Quality Projection 5-10 5.3.1 Projection of Water Demand 5-10 5.3.2 Wastewater Flow Projection 5-12 5.3.3 Determination of Influent Characters and Effluent Limit for WwTP 5-13 5.4 Pollution Load Projection 5-14 5.4.1 Wastewater 5-14 5.4.2 Odor and Dust 5-15 5.4.3 Prediction for Sludge Discharge 5-17 5.4.4 Noise 5-17 5.5 Identification of Environment Impact Factor and Screening 5-17 5.5.1 Identification of Environment Impact Factor 5-17 5.5.2 Screening of Environment Assessment Factors 5-19 6. Analysis of Alternatives 6-1 6.1 Project selection 6-1 6.2 Alternative Sites and Routes 6-1 6.2.1 Comparison of Alternatives 6-1 6.2.2 Results of Comparison 6-6 6.3 Alternatives Comparison for Location of WwTP and Outfalls 6-6 6.3.1 Selection of Site for WwTP 6-6 6.4 Alternative Wastewater Treatment 6-12 6.4.1 Treated Effluent Requirement 6-12 6.4.2 Principlefor Design of Treatment Process 6-13 2 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Inpac Assessment Report - Basin Wide 6.4.3 Selection of Wastewater Treatment Process 6-14 6.4.4 Comparison between the Two Options 6-15 6.5 Alternatives for Industrial Wastewater Reduction and Water Reuse 6-16 6.6 Alternatives for Sludge Disposal and Site Location 6-17 6.6.1 ComparisonforSludgeDisposal Process 6-17 6.6.2 Selection of Sludge Disposal Site and Hauling Route 6-17 6.6.3 Result ofAlternative Comparison for Sludge Disposal 6-21 6.7 No Project Alternative 6-22 7. Project Benefit 7-1 7.1 Water Environment Benefit of Liao River Basin 7-1 7.2 Groundwater Resource Protection 7-2 7.2.1 Pollution of Groundwater 7-2 7.2.2 Benefit of Groundwater Improvement 7-3 7.3 Ecological Benefit 7-3 7.3.1 Recovery ofFishery 7-3 7.3.2 ImpactAnalysis of Ocean Species and FisheryResource 7-6 7.3.3 Positive Benefits on Surface Water 7-7 7.3.4 Investigation and Impact Assessment of Wetland at Shuangtaizi River 7-7 7.4 Public Health Benefit 7-10 7.5 Red Tide Investigation and Analysis 7-11 7.5.1 Features, Frequency, Extent and Time of Red Tide Occurrence 7-11 in the Bohai Sea 7.5.2 Major Reason for Red Tide Formation 7-12 7.5.3 Nutrient Sources for Red Tide 7-12 7.5.4 Benefit Analysis of the LRBP2 7-13 7.6 Other Benefits 7-13 8. Environmental Impact and Mitigation 8-1 8.1 Land Acquisition and Resettlement 8-1 8.2 Water Environment Quality and Impact Assessment 8-2 8.2.1 Water QualityMonitoringandAssessment 8-2 8.2.2 Surface Water Quality Analysis and Model 8-4 8.2.3 Marine Water Quality Prediction and Assessment 8-5 8.2.4 Analysis of Environmental Impact to the Bohai Sea 8-7 8.3 Impact to Air and Mitigation 8-8 8.3.1 Foul Odor Impact and Mitigation 8-8 8.3.2 Impact of Flue Gas from Boiler 8-10 8.4 Acoustic Impact and Mitigation 8-12 8.4.1 Monitoring of CurrentAcoustic Environment 8-12 8.4.2 Prediction and Assessment of Noise 8-15 8.4.3 Mitigation 8-17 8.5 Environmental Impact during Construction and Mitigation 8-17 8.5.1 Impact Analysis ofAir-borne Dust and Mitigation 8-17 3 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Inpact Assessment Report - Basin Wide 8.5.2 Impact Analysis of Noise and Mitigation 8-18 8.5.3 Analysis of Impact of traffic and Mitigation 8-19 8.5.4 Analysis of Domestic Seweragefrom Labor Camp and Mitigation 8-19 8.5.5 Analysis of Spoil and Mitigation 8-20 8.6 Risk Assessment 8-20 8.6.1 Analysis of Potential Risk 8-20 8.6.2 Analysis ofAccidental Discharge 8-22 8.6.3 Analysis of Discharge in Sewer Accident 8-24 8.6.4 Impact Analysis of Uncontrolled Sludge Stockpiling 8-25 9. Sludge Management 9-1 9.1 Current Solid Waste Management System 9-1 9.2 Sludge Management and Disposal Plan 9-1 9.2.1 Sludge Quantity 9-1 9.2.2 Composition Analysis 9-2 9.2.3 Sludge Disposal Plan 9-3 9.3 Environmental Impact and Mitigation 9-7 9.3. I Pollution Factor Screening and Load Projection 9-7 9.3.2 Impact of Landfill 9-7 9.3.3 Impact of Composting 9-9 9.3.4 Impact of Temporary Sludge Storage Site 9-10 9.3.5 Environmental Analysis of Sludge Transportation 9-10 9.4 Mitigation 9-10 9.4.1 Landfill 9-10 9.4.2 Leachate Treatment 9-11 10. Public Participation 10-1 10.1 Method for Public Participation 10-1 10.1.1 Phasing of Public Participation Process 10-1 10.1.2 Survey Scope and Objects 10-1 10.1.3 Implementing Organization 10-1 10.1.4 Participation Approach 10-2 10.2 First-round Public Participation Exercise 10-2 10.2.1 Public Meeting 10-2 10.2.2 Questionnaires 10-2 10.3 Survey Result 10-3 10.4 Information Disclosure 10-5 11. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 11-1 11.1 Environmental Management System 11-1 11.1.1 Environmental Management Institutional Structure 11-1 11.1.2 Responsibility and Function of Environmental Protection Institute 11-2 11.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan 11-3 11.2.1 Management and Monitoring Institution 11-3 4 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide 11.2.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan for WwTP 11-4 11.2.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan for Sludge Disposal 11-6 11.2.4 Analysis of Monitoring Results 11-7 11.3 Monitoring Institutional Strengthening and Training Plan 11-7 11.3.1 Monitoring Institution Strengthening 11-7 11.3.2 Staff TrainingPlan 11-7 11.3.3 Monitoring Instrument and Equipment 11-8 11.3.4 Environmental Monitoring Cost 11-9 11.3.5 Monitoring Data Management 11-9 11.4 Environmental Management of Accidental Discharge 11-10 11.4.1 Timely Control ofAccidental Discharge 11-10 11.4.2 Investigation and Analysis of Post-accident 11-10 11.4.3 Emergency Response Agency 11-10 WBI1282 N:\AcGRead\AB Second Liao Riv B Proj\EA DRAFT as of Dec 21 2001 \Table of contents RevA.doc January 29,2002 10:20 AM 5 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide 1 Introduction 1.1 Background Liaoning Province is a famous heavy industrial base in the country, which is located in the northeast of China. Shenyang, Fushun, Panjin, Jinzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone ( Jinzhou ETDZ) and Yingkou Economic and Technological Development Zone (Yingkou ETDZ) to be included in the proposed Second Liao River Basin Project (LRBP 2), are important cities with relatively prosperous economy in Liao River Basin and the Economic Belt surrounding Bohai Sea. In recent years with fast social-economic development and continued increase of wealth, the sewage discharge has increased dramatically. As historic backlog of construction of municipal sewage treatment facilities, a large amount of wastewater from both industrial and domestic sources is discharged direct to Liao River system and in-shore waters of Bohai Sea without any form of treatment, causing marginal deterioration of water quality. Human health and economic development are at serious risk. The Chinese Govemment has paid a high attention to it. The State Council approved the "Ninth-five Year Plan and 2010 Program for Water Pollution Control and Abatement in Liao River" in 1998 ( "Liao River Control Plan" hereinafter), in which will construct 22 municipal WwTPs with total treatment capacity of 5.71 million t/d. Up to now, the constructed treatment capacity is 720,000 t/d and 1.255 million t/d is under construction. The World Bank has paid tremendous effort to support the water pollution control in Liao River Basin. Liaoning has received the Bank loan since 1994 to construct environmental works relating to water pollution control. Table 1-1 shows the progress made under the Bank financing so far: Table 1-1 Summary of the Bank Financed Environmental Projects Name of project Term of loan Loan value Loan No. Content of project Liaoning 1994-2002 $ 110 CHA-3781 Wastewater interception and treatment Environment million * Anshan-220,000 tld Project * Fushun-250,000 t/d * Benxi-225,000 t/d * Dalian Malan-120,000 tid * Dalian CHunliu-80,000 t/d Liao River Basin 2001-2007 $ 100 CHA-4617 Wastewater interception and treatment Project million * Panjin-l00,OOOt/d * Yingkou- l00,000 t/d * Jinzhou- 100,000 t/d * Jincheng Paper Mill Wastewater 1- lNovember, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide I I I|-0 Yingkou Paper Mill Wastewater Within the Jurisdiction of Liaoning Province, in the Liao River Basin there are 8 major cities including Shenyang, Anshan, Fushun, Benxi, Liaoyang, Yingkou, Panjin and Tieling. The environmental projects financed by the Bank cover 5 cities, Anshan, Fushun, Benxi, Yingkou and Panjin. Additionally, the major scope for environmental management in the Liao River Basin also covers the Bohai Sea. The coastal cities including Dalian and Jinzhou have become the concern city for water pollution control. Liaoning Government is seeking the Bank financing for the proposed Second Liao River Basin Project ( LRBP 2) which follows on the Liao River Basin Project which has been successfully appraised by the Bank mission during March 2001. The proposed total treatment capacity of the LRBP 2 is 830,000 t/d. The details for the LRBP 2 refer to Table 1-2. Table 1-2 Summary of the Proposed LRBP 2 Total planned Constructed Being LRBP LRBP 2 treatment constructed Project city Capacity Total ca pacity _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ 5.71 million 720,000 t/d 1.255 million t/d 300,000 t/d Shenyang 400.000 t/d 920,000 t/d t/d Total 1.975 million t/d Fushun phase-2 250.000 t/d Panjin phase-2 100,000 t/d Fuxin 100,000 t/d Yingkou ETDZ 50,000 t/d Jinzhou ETDZ 20,000 t/d In the Liao River Control Plan, the works of wastewater treatment would be phased over 10 years to 2010. The relation between the Liao River Control Plan and the proposed LRBP 2 is shown in Table 1-3. Table 1-3 Relation between Liao River Control Plan and LRBP 2 No. Item Number of WwTPs Treatment capacity COD reduction _ ~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~(104 t/a) (t/a) I Planned WwTPs in the Liao River 19 144540 300201 Control Plan 2 LRBP 3 10950 31755 3 LRBP 2 6 24455 87454 4 Total of Liao River Basin projects 8 35405 119209 5 Proportion % ILRBP 15.79 7.58 10.58 1-2 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide No. Item Number of WwTPs Treatment capacity COD reduction (104 t/a) (Va) LRBP 2 31.57 16.92 29.13 Total Liao River Basin 47.36 24.50 39.71 projects It is seen from Table 1-3, in terms of treatment capacity and COD reduction, the LRBP accounts for 7.58% and 10.58% respectively of that in the Liao River Control Plan; the LRBP 2 accounts for 16.92% and 29.13% respectively. The combined treatment capacity and COD reduction of the LRBP and LRBP 2 accounts for 24.50% and 39.71 % respectively. The Liao River Basin projects are important to the Liao River Control Plan. 1.2 Objective of Project The objective of the LRBP 2 is to develop a blend of policy and investment initiatives to provide a sustainable environment framework for the long-term development of the Liao River Basin. 1.2.1 Objective of Liao River Basin Planing The objective of Liao River Basin Planning is: in 2005, the surface water quality across the Liao River Basin will meet the requirement for Category V function approximately; in 2010, the surface water quality across the Liao River Basin will meet the requirement for Category V function (minimum requirement for beneficiary use, e.g. Irrigation and recreation), sustaining the use of water resource. The objective will be realized through the following measures: * Construction of wastewater interception and treatment facilities; * Establishment of institutions capable of managing these facilities; * Improvement of water quality management and monitoring capacity in the whole basin. 1.2.2 Major tasks of Water Pollution Control in the Liao River Basin The major tasks facing the basin for water pollution control are: * Drinking water resources for urban and rural residents are top priority for protection; • Pollution from large to medium scale industries is key target for pollution control; * Acceleration of provision of central domestic WwTPs; * Water for agricultural irrigation and in-shore seawaters should be safeguarded. 1-3 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide 1.3 Strategic Context 1.3.1 Primary Environmental Concerns in the Liao River Basin There are two environmental problems in the basin: scarcity of water resource and serious pollution of water environment. Available water resources in Liaoning Province is very limited. Average water resources per capita is 535 m3/year in the Liao catchment, 23.34% of the national average and 6.93% of the world average. Additionally, the precipitation is also limited and seasonally distributed. In the low flow, there is virtually no natural flow in the river. The human activities in the basin such as agricultural irrigation and ground abstraction compound the water scarcity. Although 81% of surface water resources and 43% of groundwater resources are utilized, water supply can not meet demand. At present, annual water supply is about 7.8 billion m3 while the demand is 8.3 billion m3, leaving 500 million m3 water supply deficit each year in the province. In order to insure water supply for key industries, water supply for agricultural and municipal use should be sacrificed. Surface water pollution is very serious. Water quality in 93% of the river water quality monitoring sections exceed Category V and all of the sections within cities exceed Category V. The rivers not only can not be used but have exacerbated environment. In the case of Xi River in Shenyang and Shenfu Canal, industrial and domestic wastewater has dominated over natural flow. The aquifers are mainly recharged by surface water which is at stake of pollution. 73.6% of the 53 wells near the Hun River in Shenyang can not meet the national standard for drinking. The Bohai Sea is the ultimate receiving water body of all of the wastewater in the Liao River Basin. The Bohai Sea is rich in fishery and aquaculture, but now it is suffering from marginally biological degradation which is reportedly due to water pollution. 1.3.2 Government Strategy In 1996, the State Council identified the Liao River Basin as the second most seriously polluted river basin within China and gave priority status to resolving the problem. The Liaoning Provincial Government recognized that this was an opportunity to reverse years of environmental decline and established a Leading Group under the direction of the Vice-governor. The Leading Group prepared and submitted to the State Council an outline master plan summarizing the approach to be adopted in the control of water pollution within the Liao River Basin. 1-4 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide The urgent nature of the environmental problems within Liaoning Province has prompted the identification and establishment of a major environrnental program funded by the European Union (EU) in 1996, known as the Liaoning Integrated Environmental Program (LIEP). The LIEP has a large number of components that address a range of environmental, social and economic issues. A key component within the LIEP is the Water Resource Management (WRM) project. This is designed to contribute to strengthening water resource management and pollution prevention within the Liao River Basin. The key output of the WRM project is the Basin Planning Report in which a strategy is proposed for the control of pollution. The primary objective for pollution control is the identification and construction of a series of wastewater treatment plants that are designed to reduce the major pollutant loads currently discharged to the surface watercourse. This will eventually lead to protection of the sources of municipal water supply. In 2001, Liaoning Government has prepared a " 'Tenth-five' Year Plan for Environmental Protection in Liaoning Province " providing a comprehensive framework for water pollution prevention covering industrial pollution control, water pollution prevention in Liao River Basin and the Bohai Sea, provision of wastewater treatment, agricultural pollution control, enhancement of ecological environment management, and institutional strengthening and training. 1.3.3 Measures to be Taken (1) Wastewater Treatment System To realize the environmental objective and recovery of the basin environment effectively, it is needed to construct municipal wastewater treatment facilities in all municipalities within Liaoning Province, and long-term effort should be paid with financing plan. The Liao River Basin projects are only the earliest phase and the successive environmental projects will last longer time. The cities within the Liao River Basin projects currently discharged the largest pollutant load and by definition must form the basis of any successful strategy for the control of pollution within Liaoning Province. The Tenth Five Year Plan lists 32 new plants which would increase treatment plant capacity from 1.002 million m3/d to 4.442 million m3/d. If this is achieved, 90% of the wastewater would be treated. (2) Industrial Pollution Control There are several aspects to pollution from industries and its control/management which are of direct relevance to these project components. Except from Fushun, the majority of industrial wastewater is discharged to sewerage system and will therefore be collected and treated by the 1-5 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide municipal wastewater treatment plants provided by the project. However, the overall pollution control objective can not be effectively realized unless there is a corresponding reduction in the pollution loads from the remaining industries discharging wastewater direct to rivers. The Work Bank has suggested that a basin-wide Industrial Pollution Control Action Plan is needed and that Shenyang authorities should prepare one for that city. The task has been delegated to municipalities who will execute it by enforcing the effluent standards which have been set for various situations. The industrial pollution control should best combine wastewater treatment with cleaner production shift so as to prompt the industries voluntarily take actions in supplement to regulatory enforcement when they aware of the financial benefit from pollution control especially in terms of raw material recovery, water conservation and better competitive product. In the Tenth Five Year Plan, Liaoning Government has been determined to take actions to tackle the industrial pollution by implementing industrial pollution control action plan with various quantitative indicators by which to enforce the pollutant discharge from industries and a sweeping plan to eliminating pollution at source: by 2002, smaller industries for mining, cement, glass, power generation and metallurgy will be closed; and during the Tenth Five Year Plan, the major 600 polluting industries will be shifted to cleaner production. (3) Solid Waste Management Solid waste management is a local government function in China. Generally, the provision of solid waste disposal facilities are very inadequate in Liaoning Province. There is currently only one proper sanitary landfill with leachate collection and engineering control in Liaoning. There are existing unlined landfills at the other project cities, but there are essentially uncontrolled dumping sites. There is an urgent need for sanitary landfill facilities to be provided for all project cities. It is determined that during the Tenth Five Year Plan all municipalities within Liaoning Province should construct municipal solid waste disposal plant with engineered facilities, if it is implemented, above 60% of the municipal solid waste will be environmentally safely disposed of. 1.4 EA Process (l) Structure of Documentation 1-6 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide According to OP 4.01, the EA documentation includes main EA report, Environmental Management Plan and Executive Summary. Table 1-4 Structure of EA Documentation Structure Key points EA Report Category A project: The environmental assessment would examine the project's potential negative and positive environmental impacts, compare them with those of feasible alternatives (including the " without project" situation), and recommends any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate or compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance. (a) Executive summary: Concisely discuss significant findings and recommended actions. (b) Policy, legal and administrative framework. (c) Project description: Concisely describes the proposed project and its geographical, ecological, social, and temporal context, including any off-site investments that may be required. (d) Baseline data: Assesses the dimensions of the study area and describes relevant physical, biological, and socioeconomic conditions, (e) Environmental impacts: Predicts and assesses the project's likely positive and negative impacts, in quantitative terms to the extent possible. Identifies mitigation measures and any residual negative impacts that can not be mitigated. Explores opportunities for environmental enhancement. Identifies and estimates the extent and quality of available data, key data gaps, and uncertainties associated with predictions, and specifies topics that do not require further attention. (f) Analysis of alternatives: Systematically compares feasible alternatives to the proposed project site, technology, design, and operation-including the " without project" situation- in terms of their potential environmental impacts; the feasibility of mitigating these impacts; their capital and recurrent cost; their suitability under local conditions; and their institutional, training, and monitoring requirements. (g) Environmental Management Plan (EMP): Covers mitigation measures, monitoring, institutional strengthening. EMP Consists of a set of mitigation, monitoring, and institutional measures to be taken during implementation and operation to eliminate adverse environmental and social impacts, offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels. (a) Mitigation: Identifies and summarized all anticipated significant adverse environmental impacts; describes each mitigation measure, including the type of impact to which it relates and the conditions under which it is required; estimates any potential environmental impacts of these measures; and provides linkage with any other mitigation plans required for the project. 1-7 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Structure Key points (b) Monitoring: a specific description, and technical details, of monitoring measures, including the parameters to be measured, methods to be used, sampling locations, frequency of measurements, detection limits, and definition of thresholds, and monitoring and reporting procedures. (c) Capacity development and training: Assesses the existence, role, and capacity of environmental unit on site or at agency and ministry level; if necessary, recommends the establishment and expansion of such units, and the training of staff, provides specific description of institutional arrangement; and technical assistance, procurement of equipment and supplies and organization changes. (d) Implementation schedule and cost estimate. Executive Concisely and briefly describes the project situation, environmental impacts, both positive summary and negative, to be brought by the project, proposed mitigation measures and anticipated residual impact. (2) EA Processing Requirements of the Bank and China The requirements for EA processing of the Bank which is based on the OP 4.01 and China which is based on " Notice for Strengthening Environmental Assessment for Engineering Project Seeking Financing of International Organization" are shown in Table 1-5: Table 1-4 EA Processing Requirement of the Bank and China Item No. Chapter Main content Bank's I Introduction Background, objectives, strategic context, and EA process requirement 2 Description of General setting, climate, socioeconomic characteristics, water resources, the Liao River beneficiary uses of Liao River and surface water quality objectives, the Basin Bohai Sea, Ecology, water supply and wastewater. and the project cities. 3 Current Extent of water quality problems, ecological degradation and impacts on situation fishery, projected increase in pollutants loads and worsening impacts if without the project. 4 Legal Legal framework, and discharge and impact assessment standard. framework and standards 5 Project Choice of project components, wastewater interception, wastewater description treatment, wastewater disposal, and additional components 6 Analysis of Selection of cities and scale of projects, alternative sites and routes, alternatives alternative wastewater treatment, 1 -8 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Item No. Chapter Main content 7 Benefits of the Water quality, groundwater, improvement of ecosystem, public health, the project within Bohai Sea, and other benefits. basin program 8 Impacts and Land requirements and resettlement, impacts to water system, air quality, mitigation noise and other impacts on communities, impacts during construction, .measures mitigation and residual impacts, and risk impacts. 9 Sludge Current solid waste management system, sludge management and disposal management plan, altemative analysis, and environmental impacts of sludge disposal, mitigation and residual impacts. 10 Public Methodology for two-round public participation, documentation, public participation concem and issues, and responses and final public acceptance. II Environmental Environmental management system, environmental monitoring plan, Management institutional strengthening and training, estimated costs for environmental Plan mitigation and management, and implementation schedule. China's I Forward EA objective, basis, assessment scope and standards, environmental requirement objective, assessment technology and method. 2 Overview of Baselines, process, pollutants and discharge, arrangement in construction _ the project phase. 3 Current natural environment, Ecological environment, social environment,. situation 4 Environmental Environmental impacts, mitigation, residual impacts, impacts in impacts and construction phase. .mitigation 5 Altemative Altematives for project magnitude and site, mitigation measures. 6 Environmental Retum ratio of capital investment, environmental protection investment and loss and proportion to the total investment. benefits _ analysis 7 Environmental Capacity of environmental management agency and monitoring methods. management and monitoring _plan 8 Public Methodology for public participation, public concem and response. participation 9 Conclusion Summary of findings and recommendations It can be seen from above table that the EA requirements of the Bank are basically identical to that 1-9 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide of China, although the Bank's requirements are more detailed on the projects. China's requirements seem to be general because they are pinpointing to all kinds of project. For such purpose, China's requirements are developed within the framework of principle. When the requirements of China's are applied to a specific project, more details would be developed. Therefore for this project there is no important gap of EA content between the Bank's version and China's version. This basin-level EA report is based on individual city-level EA report which follows the Bank's requirements. The internal processing of EA is: the individual city-level EA report should be reviewed and approved by the responsible environmental agencies before the basin-level report is reviewed and approved by the State Environmental Protection Administration. 1-10 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide 2 Liao River Basin 2.1 General Setting The impact area of the project is determined to be Liao River Basin and Liaodong Bay of the Bohai Sea. Liao River rises from Guangtou Mountain in Hebei Province, flowing through Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Jilin and Liaoning provinces. Liao River Basin within Liaoning is located in the southwest of Liaoning, north latitude 40031'- 45017' and east longitude 116054'- 125032', covering an area of 219,600km2. The length of the water course is about 480km. Liao River separates into two trunk rivers at Panshan County. The one, flowing to the south and going into the Bohai Sea at Yingkou, is called Wailiao River firstly and then called Daliao River after accepting Hun and Taizi rivers at Haicheng County; the onther is called Shuangtaizi River, flowing into southwest and going into Bohai Sea at Pansan. In 1958, Wailiao River was blocked at Liujianfang and all the water of Liao River began to go into the sea through Shuangtaizi River. Hun and Taizi form an individual river system. Fig.2-1 presents the situation of Liao River system within Liaoning province. As known from Fig.2-1, in this project, Shenyang, Funshun, Fuxin and Panjin are located in Liao River system. The water area of Shenyang and Fushun belong to Hun River system, a branch of Liao River system; the water area of Panjin wastewater treatment project belongs to Shuangtaizi River, a branch of Liao River system; the water area of Fuxin's project belongs to Xi River, a branch of Daling River of Liao River system; and the water area of Jinzhou and Yingkou economic development zones are parts of Liaodong Bay system of Bohai Sea. Table 2-1 presents the relationship of the five components and Liao River system. Table 2-1 The Location of each WwTP in Liao River System City Accepting The relationship of The location of wastewater water accepting water treatment plant course course and Liao River (BohaiSea) Shenyang Hun River A branch of Laio River The upstream of liao River system within liaoning Fuxin Xi River A branch of Daling The middle of Liao River River of Liao River system within Liaoning Fushun Hun River A branch of Laio River The upstream (Shenyang section) of liao River system within liaoning Panjin Shuangtaizi A branch of Laio River The downstream (sea entry) River of liao River system within liaoning Jinzhou Economic and Technical Liaodong Bohai Sea Development Zone Bay Yingkou Economic and Technical Liaodong Bohai Sea Development Zone Bay 2-1 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessmentReport-Basin Wide 2.2 Climate Liao River Basin is located in the Temperate Zone where monsoon climate prevails. The climate is characterized of distinct seasons. Spring and summer are mild while the winter between November and March is extremely cold. The annual fluctuation of temperature is large. Precipitation increases from northwest to southeast. The average annual precipitation is between 350mm and 1200mm. Most of the precipitation occurs in the period from June to September, accounting for 80% of annual total. Annual precipitation varies significantly between dry years and wet years. The precipitation in a wet year is typically 2.1 to 3.5 times higher than in a dry year. In this project, Shenyang and Fushun are located in the middle of Liaoning province; Fuxin and Jinzhou are located in the west of liaoning; Panjin and Yingkou are located in the east of the province. Because of the geographical difference of each city, the climate is really different. Panjin, Jinzhou and Yingkou are near Bohai Sea, of which the precipitation is more and the temperature doesn't vary largely. But the precipitation of Shenyang and Fushun is less and the temperature varies largely. Table 2-2 summarizes the main climate characteristics of the five cities. Table 2-2 Climate Characteristics of the Five Cities Item Shenyang Fushun Fuxin Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou ETDZ ETDZ Highest temperature 39.3 36 40.6 35.2 35.7 34 Lowest temperature -33.1 -35 -11.6 -28.2 -30.0 -30 Average annual 7.8 7.2 7.6 8.8 8.9 8.7 temperature Annual precipitation 734.5 967.6 539.3 800 601 550-600 (mm) Average annual 65 69 58 66 60 66 humidity (°/,) Average annual 3.3 2.0 3.2 4.3 4.3 4.3 wind speed (m/s) Prevailing wind SW in SW in SW in SW in SW in SW in summer summer summer summer summer summer Annual sunshine 2574 2425 2678 2888 2865 2938 time (h) Frost period (d) 151 165.8 146 136 126 Soil frost depth (m) 1.2 1.2-1.4 1.4 1.13 1.18 1.11 Earthquake crack 7 6 7 7 7 7 (degree) Depth of shallow 7.4-13.6 6 5 5-7 7-8 5-10 aquifer (m) Receiving water of Hun River, Hun River Xi River Liao River effluent from the Xi River after WWTP discharging into Pangxie Ditch 2.3 Social and Economic Situation Within the Liao River Basin of Liaoning section, there are municipalities of Shenyang, Tieling, 2-2 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Projed Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wde Anshan, Benxi, Fushun, Yingkou, Panjin, Fuxin, Jinzhou, Chaoyang and 50 counties and county-level cities. The population in this area is 33.02million, among which the non-agriculture population is 14.655million. The average population density is 338 h/km2. The basin is the base of agriculture and grazing for China. The farmland is 59.4187 million mu accounting for 20.33% of the basin area. In 1995, the gross agriculture output is 47 billion RMB. The forest area in the basin is 66.345 million mu. The coverage rate of forest in the west region is low. There are few natural lakes, fishing and aquaculture activities are mostly in reservoirs in the area and fish ponds around villages. The heavy pollution of river courses within the basin due to industrial and municipal discharges and limited natural dilution has deteriorated the eco-environment in the rivers, causing extinction of fish and prawn. The seawater zone near the estuary is the most suitable area for development of fishery and aquaculture. Serious water pollution however takes toll of the near shore fishery and vanishing of precious fish species from this area, and force the fisheries into the deeper sea. The industries of the cities located in the basin are of wide variety. The main industries are petroleum exploration, and refinery, paper making, food processing, machinery, electronics and metallurgy, etc. The distribution of industries is not even across the basin. Most of the industries are concentrated in the middle and downstream of Liao River, where Liaoning is located. The gross industrial output of the basin within Liaoning is 305.3 billion RMB per annum, accounting for 93% of the total in the whole basin. There are over 1000 medium to large scale state-owned enterprises, with the a total output of approximate 140 billion RMB per annum. The agriculture population in Liaoning is 9.388 million. The farmland area is 4.1636 million hectares, among which the area of paddy field is 684500 hac. and the dry field area is 347,910 hectares. Land use reflects the topography and soils. Brown earth soils are typically found on the upland and mountain areas surrounding the central plain. These soils naturally support jungles, secondary forests and mixed grasses. Brown earth soils are mostly thin and erosive, offering limited potential for sustainable agriculture. Therefore, in the upland and mountain areas, agriculture is limited to the deeper wet brown soils and grassland of soils of the valleys. On the whole of the eastern region, is dominated by forest and provides a significant rainfall interception area. Timber and ginseng, whilst other forest industry and enterprises such as fungi culture are also prospering. The alluvial soils of the central plain area are variable but dominated by half hydromorphic grassland soil and two variations of wet soils. Some large areas of anthropic rice soils also lie up the eastern edge of the plain and the coastal areas. These soil categories have been developed extensively for cultivation. Wheat, maize, and paddy rice are primarily grown in the central region. Across most of Panjin municipality the rice soils are affected by salinity, which requires neutralising and drainage to achieve good rice yields. Maize is the main agriculture product of Liaoning, accounting for 66% of the province's grain yield. 90% of maize fields are rained and the left is irrigated artificially. The cultivated area of rice is 0.5 2-3 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide million hectares. The rice yield accounts for 22% of province's grain yield. Shenyang municipality cultivates the rice area of 11840 hectares and Panjin municipality cultivates 76800 hectares rice area. They are the main rice growing area. Most of the rice is irrigated artificially and only the rice field (accounting for 3% of the total) on the upland is rained. In this project, except Yingkou, other five components are all industrial cities, located in the industrial area of Liao River basin. The annual industrial output reaches 18.7624 billion RMB, accounting for 45% of the whole province output. Table 2-3 presents the economic situation of the six cities. Table 2-3 The Economic Situation of the Project Cities (1999) City Population City Farm Amount Total Average Average (million) nature area of industrial expense revenue per (1OOOha) industrial output per capita capita enterprise (100 (RMB) (RMB) million _______mRiMiB) Shenyang 576 Industrial 682 57680 1013.19 4640 4931.43 city Fushun 227 Industrial 130.9 23868 205.79 3437 4702.22 city Fuxin 190 Industrial 376.59 5544 64.46 2798 3521.59 city__ _ _ _ _ Panjin 53 Petroleu 132.89 7163 251.55 4377 6049.52 m chemical ___________ ~~city_ _ _ _ _ _ Jinzhou 80 Compreh 404.78 24144 186.73 3534 4565.40 ETDZ ensive industrial city Yingkou 64.1 Compreh 120.02 22906 154.52 3352 4470.48 ETDZ ensive light industrial cnity, 2.4 Water Resources 2.4.1 The Hydrology and Quality of Surface Water (1) Hydrology The annual flows of LRB rivers are higher in the southeast and gradually decreases towards the northwest. The total flow in a wet year is 7 times as high as in a dry year. The runoff in July and August accounts for 60% of the total and the runoff in February only accounts for 0. 1% of the total. The annual average flow is approximately 15 billion m3. In the middle dry year (p=75%), the runoff is 10.131 billion m3 and the trunk flow is 2.384 billion m3 accounting for 21.06% of total flow. The precipitation in six project cities distribute differently. In Fuxin, the precipitation is only 500mm/a. But in Fushun, the precipitation reaches 800mm/a. The precipitation in the east is the most because 2-4 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide of the mountains there. The precipitation is mainly centralized in the upstream of Liao River basin. In Shenyang, the lowest mean monthly precipitation occurs in January, at less than 10mm, with the highest in July, at more than 160mm. The pattern of precipitation presented here is typical of that throughout the whole basin. Around 50% of the annual average precipitation of 678.7mm occurs in the months of July and August, with 70% to 75% falling from June to September and 85% to 90% falling from May to October. So precipitation patterns display a very marked seasonality, which reflects the climate variability in this area. The variation in measured annual average open water evaporation across the main part of the study area is presented in Fig.2-2. This shows a range in annual average values of less than 900mm in the Hun catchment to over 1050mm in Liao River. Comparing the precipitation and evaporation inside the sudy area, it is clear that annual average open water evaporation significantly exceeds annual average rainfall across the study area, one of the main hydrological characteristics of the study area. This precipitation pattern is one of the factors causing the pollution of surface water. Because of the unbalanced precipitation, which reduces the dilution capacity of surface water in dry season, the wastewater flowing into the rivers fail to be diluted naturally. The more wastewater without natural dilution flows into the rivers, the more serious the pollution of surface water is. The main surface water bodies in the six project cities are Hun River, Xi River and Shuangtaizi River, three branches of Liao River. The hydrological characteristics of each water are as following: * Shenyang The main surface body in Shenyang is Hun River, of which the length of the section within Shenyang is 172.6km and the area is 4752km2. The maximum flow is 5550m3/s. 3 The maximum runoff of the river is 3.629 billion m3 and the minimum runoff is 0.686 billion m The runoff of Hun River within Shenyang is controlled by Dahuofang Reservoir, located in the upstream. The main branches of Hun River within Shenyang are as following: Wangjia river, Mantang river, yangguan river, Baitapu river, Putian river and three artificial rivers such as Xi river, Nanyun river and Xinkai river. * Fushun Water resources are reach in Fushun. There are some large rivers in Fushun such as Hun River, Shuzi River, Cai River and Taizi River. Hun river stems from Gunma Mountai in Qingyuan County, passes Fushun and Shenyang, meets Taizi River at Sancha river and flows into Bohai Sea. Hun River is the trunk river passing through Fushun. The total length is 415km and the basin area is 11481km2. The annual average runoff is 3.224 billion m3. The part of Hun River within Fushun is 35.2km long. Sifangtai is the exit section of Hun River within Fushun. And Hun River enters Shenyang at that point. The years annual average flow of Hun River within Fushun is 46mls. * Fuxin 2-5 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide The main rivers in Fuxin are Raoyang river, Liu river, Yangximu river, Xiushui river, Mangniu river and Xi river. Mangniu river and Xi river belong to Daling River system and the left are parts of Liao River system. The basin area of Daling River system within Fuxin is 3169km2 and the basin area of Liao River system within Fixin is 7215km2. * Paniin Panjin is located at the downstream of Jiu River. There are altogether 21 rivers in Panjin and the total length is about 600km. Raoyang River, Shuangtaizi River, Daliao River and Yitong River are trunk rivers within Panjin. There are artificial irrigation channels such as Liuli River, Pangxie Ditch and Wujia Channel. (a) Water Quality According to the Chinese Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water and the requirements of No. 014 document issued by SEPA (1990), the surface water in Liaoning has been classified. There are five categories: Category I refers to the water used for water sources and state nature reserves; Category II refers to the water used for Category I protection areas for drinking water sources, protection zones for valuable fish, spawning pounds of fish and shrimps; Category III refers to the water used for Category II protection areas for drinking water sources, general protection zones for fish and bathing areas; Category IV refers to the water used for general industrial water areas and water recreation areas where no direct contact with human occurs; Category V refers to the water used for agricultural water areas and scenic water areas. According to this classification, the water pollution in Liao River basin within Liaoning is very serious. 90% sections fail to meet the standard of Category V. All the rivers inside the project cities exceed Category V that deteriorates the environment quality and affects the sustainable development of the project cities' economy and the living environment of residents. Table 2-4 presents the water quality of the rivers in the six cities. Table 2-4 Water Quality of the Rivers in the project Cities City Water body Water quality Shenyang Hun River Exceeding Category V (GHZBI-1999) Fushun Hun River Exceeding Category V (GHZB 1-1999) Fuxin Xi River Exceeding Category V (GHZBI-1999) Panjin Shuangtaizi Exceeding Category V (GHZBI-1999) River Jinzhou Economic and Technical Bohai Sea Exceeding Category IV (GB3097-1997) Developemnt Zone Yingkou Economic and Technical Bohai Sea Exceeding Category IV (GB3097-1997) Developemnt Zone Based one the table, the surface water in the six project cities has exceeded Category V and the sea area in Jinzhou and Yingkou development zones has exceeded Category IV. 2.4.2 Hydrogeology The hydrogeology of Liaoning Province is summarized in Figure 2-2. In the mountainous areas of 2-6 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide east and west Liaoning, the main groundwater resources are located in bedrock fractures. There are also significant karstic limestone aquifers, in particular in the Taizi River valley upstream of Liaoyang. Alluvial aquifers occur in some of the river valleys. The most significant groundwater resource of Liaoning is the Quaternary alluvial aquifer of the Liao River valley. The aquifer varies in thickness from a few meters at the edge of the valley to over 400 meters in the vicinity of the Bohai Sea. The aquifer is multi-layered with permeable alluvial horizons separated by clay lenses. The clay lenses are discontinuous in places which reduces their ability to protect the lower parts of the aquifer from surface pollution. The aquifer properties are highly variable both laterally and vertically. The highest permeabilities occur in the coarse alluvial deposits in the vicinity of the mountain front and generally decreases with distance from the mountains. During petroleum exploration in Panjin area a deep aquifer was discovered 500 to 1000 meters below surface which extends over large areas of the Liaohe Plain. This is probably a fossil aquifer recharged 10,000 years ago and it is unclear if and how this aquifer is linked with the present hydrological cycle. Precipitation and filtration from the rivers recharge the Quaternary alluvial aquifer. It is also possible that some recharge occurs from underground springs along the mountain front, in particular in the karstic limestone areas. 2.5 Water Functioning Liao River and the Quality Objective of Surface Water Chinese Environmental Quality for Surface Water defines five categories. The drinking water resources are the initial protection areas. Based on the actual situation of surface water in Liaoning and national standard, the province classifies the functional use of each river and determines the quality objective of surface water. Look at table 2-5. Table 2-5 The Water Functioning and Quality Objective of Surface Water City Receiving Functioning Existing Environment protection Protection target water body situation of objective (short and long of estuary and water body runs) and standards sea area Shenyang Hun River IV > V Category IV (GHZBI -1999) Fushun Hun River 1, II, III, IV > V Category IV (GHZB 1 -1999) Fuxin Xi River IV, V > V Category V (GHZB I -1999) Panjin Shuangtaizi III > V Category V Category III River (GHZB 1-1999) GB3097- 1997 Jinzhou Bohai Sea III I Category III ETDZ (GB3097-1997) Yingkou Bohai Sea IV >IV Category IV ETDZ (GB3097-1997) 2-7 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide 2.6 The Existing and Planning Use of Liao River and Its Branches According to the functioning of Liao River within Liaoning, the branch rivers in the six project cities are mainly used for agriculture irrigation. Table 2-6 presents the situation. Table 2-6 Utilization of the Branch Rivers in Six Project Cities City Water body Existing use Planning use Shenyang Hun River Agriculture irrigation Drinking, agricultural use Fushun Hun River Agriculture irrigation Dringking, agricultural and industrial use and receiving wastewater Fuxin Xi River Receiving wastewater Agricultural and industrial use and landscape Panjin Shuangtaizi River Agriculture irrigation Agricultural and industrial use, fish swimming backway, landscape, agricultural use and receiving wastewater Jinzhou ETDZ Bohai Sea Harbor Fishery and shipping Yingkou ETDZ Bohai Sea Harbor Fishery and shipping 2.7 Bohai Sea 2.7.1 Natural Environment Bohai Sea is a part of coastal waters of China and marginal sea in the west part of the Pacific Ocean. The Bohai Sea is semi-closed water. It connects with the Yellow Sea solely via the Bohai Strait. It consists of three bays, Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay. The area is 77,000 km2 and average depth is 18 m. In this project, Yingkou is near Bohai Sea, Panjin is 30 km and Jinzhou is 42 km from Liaodong Bay. 2.7.2 Marine Geology and Landform Bohai Sea is overlaid by sandy deposit. The bedrock of the Bohai Sea is metamorphic rock. The sand becomes coarse towards central part of the bay. The sand in Liaodong Bay is mainly coarse and fine. The distribution of deposits of Bohai Bay is obviously affected by rivers along coast and central part is ancient deposit. The Bohai Sea is a shallow continental shelf basin with smooth bottom. 2.7.3 Wind Direction The direction of wind in Bohai Bay plays a dominant role in the Bohai sea climate. During the summer period the wind direction is predominantly from the sea to the land. During winter period the wind direction is predominantly from the land to the sea. During winter the ocean current caused by the wind accounts for a large proportion. However, during summer when the wind is less strong, the effect is substantially reduced and accounts for a small percentage. 2-8 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide 2.7.4 Ocean Current and Tide The ocean current of the Bohai Sea comprises of two systems. One is residual current and the other is warm current of black tide. The two systems combine within the enclosed Bohai Sea and have the characteristic of cyclone nature. The tidal current in the Bohai Sea is very strong. The ocean current in Bohai Sea, which is very weak, is basically controlled by tide. The surface current, which has changeable characteristics, is specially affected by wind. The tide in the Bohai Sea is mainly formed by the tidal waves from the Pacific Ocean. The tide in the Bohai Sea occurs twice a day. Height of tide is from Im to 5m (max). Normal tide is between 2 m and 3 m. Range of tide is 10 km. 2.7.6 Aquatic Resources The Bohai Sea is located in warm Temperate Zone where is based on a wide continental shelf area. Large quantities of nutrients from rivers are discharged to the sea, providing a good living environment for various marine creatures. Before 1980s, there were more than 200 species of fish and shrimp in the Bohai Sea. More than 100 species could be caught through normal fishing activities. The annual fishing production was 500,000-700,000 ton, which account for 30% of whole country's fishing production. There were several kinds of fish and shrimps such as cod, catfish and so on. Because of wild beach, a lot of shellfishes were existing. Marine culture developed rapidly. But after 1980s, because large amounts of pollutants are discharged into the sea, pollution of coastal area of Bohai Sea is becoming more and more serious. In addition, over-fishing has been identified as the primary reason for the decline in the fisheries resources. The creatures and aquatic resources are decreased largely and the quality of aquatic products has been much worse. 2.8 Ecology 2.8.1 General Ecological Environment Shenyang, Fushun, Fuxin, Panjin, Jinzhou and Yingkou are located in the alluvial plain of Liao River Basin. The proposed wastewater treatment plants, which will be constructed to serve the six project cities, will make a significant contribution to improving the surface water quality in receiving water bodies. The ecological system in the area mainly refers to rural ecological system. Along banks of river course receiving the effluent there are paddy fields and dry farmlands. 2.8.2 River System and Pollution Impact Liao River, Daliao River, Xiaoling and Daling River systems are involved in this project. Generally, the pollution is very serious and 90% sections exceed Category V. The parts of the rivers inside the 2-9 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide six cities are exceeding Category V, which worsens the environment and affect the sustainable development of local economy and the living environment of residents. The domestic and industrial wastewater is discharged into surface water and the polluted surface water recharges ground water. Most ground water pollution in Liaoning is due to recharge from domestic and industrial effluent, landfills, agricultural activities and storm water runoff from urban area. In Shenyng, it was reported that in 1999 there were 500 wastewater outfalls and 211 landfills. The polluted ground water resources are widely distributed inside urban areas and near the contaminated rivers. Table 2-7 illustrates the quality condition of river sections of Liao River Basin within Liaoning. Table 2-7 The Water Quality of River Section of Liao River Basin within Liaoning River River Section 1993 1994 1995 1996 system Existing Indicators Existing Indicato Existing Indicato Existing Indicato situation not situatio rs not situatio rs not situatio rs not complianc n complia n complia n complia e with the nce nce nce category withl the with the with the categor categor categor Liao Liao Zhuer Exceedi CODC, Exceedi CODC, Exceedi CODc, Exceedi CODc, River River Mountai ng BOD5 ng BOD5 ng BOD5 ng BOD5 n (in Categor Categor Categor Categor Tieling) y V y V y V y V Shugua Exceedi CODc, Exceedi CODC, Exceedi CODC. Exceedi CODC, ng ng BOD5 ng BOD5 ng BODs ng BOD5 Bridge Categor Categor Categor Categor (in yV yV yV yV Panjin) Zhaoqu Exceedi CODC, Exceedi CODC, Exceedi CODC, Exceedi CODC, an River ng BOD5 ng BOD5 ng BOD5 ng BOD5 (in Categor Categor Categor Categor Panjin) yV yV I V y I Daliao Hun Qijianfa Exceedi CODC, Exceedi CODc. Exceedi CODC,, Exceedi CODE, River River ng (in ng BOD5, oil ng ng oil and ng Shenyan Categor and phenol Categor Categor phenol Categor _ _ V IyV yV yV Yujiafan Exceedi CODc. Exceedi CODC,, Exceedi CODC. g (in ng BOD5, ng oil ng Shenyan Categor oil Categor Categor Ig) y V y V y V Taizi Dayu Categor - Categor Categor - Categor River (upstrea y IV y 11 y 11 y 1 m) Xingan Categor - Categor phenol Exceedi CODCr, Exceedi COD,r y IV y V ng oil and ng Categor phenol Categor yV yV Xiakouz Exceedi CODcr Exceedi CODc, Exceedi COD,, Exceedi CODC, i ng BOD5, oil ng ng BOD5, ng Categor and phenol Categor Categor and Categor y V y V y V phenol y V Xiaojie Exceedi CODC,, oil Exceedi CODC,, Exceedi COD,r, Exceedi COD ,r Temple ng and phenol ng oil ng oil and ng oil and Categor Categor Categor phenol Categor phenol vV yV yV yV__ Sancha Exceedi CODc, oil Categor CODc, Exceedi COD,, Exceedi CODc,, River ng and phenol y V BOD5, ng oil ng oil Categor oil Categor Categor y_V yV yV 2-10 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wifde River River Section 1993 1994 1995 1996 system Existing Indicators Existing Indicato Existing Indicato Existing Indicato situation not situatio rs not situatio rs not situatio rs not complianc n complia n complia n complia e with the nce nce nce category with the with the with the categor categor categor y ~ ~ ~~y Yongyu Exceedi CODcr Exceedi CODcr Exceedi CODcr Exceedi CODcr anjia ng ng ng ng Categor Categor Categor Categor y V y V yV yV Xiaoli Xiaol East Exceedi CODcr Categor CODcr Exceedi COD, Exceedi CODcr ng ing Baigu ng BOD5 y V BOD5 ng BOD5 ng BOD5 River River River Categor Categor Categor yV yV yV Nver Exceedi CODcr Categor CODcr Exceedi COD, Exceedi CODc, River ng BODs y V BODs ng BODs ng BOD5 Categor Categor Categor yv yV yv In Liaoning Province, all river sections in cities exceed Category V water quality standard, which makes the water unsuitable for use. The polluted river water contaminates shallow aquifer around the river as it is the primary sources for groundwater recharge. It directly affects drinking water source for urban and rural residents, causing the following severe problems: * Threatening Drinking Water Sources for Urban Residents. In many cities groundwater resources have to be abandoned due to pollution. In order to solve the problem, the water sources have to be moved upstream, that make two cities to use one reservoir. * Difficult to provide safe Drinking Water for Countryside Residents Severe pollution of surface water has forced many villages solely depend upon groundwater. The continued over-abstraction of groundwater has caused many villagers to drill deeper wells to obtain adequate supply of water for drinking and irrigation purposes. * Pollution of Irrigation Water Continued practice of using heavily polluted surface water for irrigation has in many cases resulted in a significantly increasing toxins found in the soil. In extreme cases, farms have to be abandoned. * Making Problem of Water Shortage More Seriously Liaoning province is one of the provinces seriously short of water. The average capita consumption is 536m3, one third of national standard. The scarcely of ***** water resources within Liaoning Province is combined with serious pollution of surface water. * Impact and Destruction of Environment and Coastal Ecology Pollution of surface water is having a serious impact upon Liaoning Province. Many of aquifers from 2-11 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide which municipal raw water is abstracted are recharged by surface water. The effect upon offshore coastal water of the Bohai Sea is also significant. High concentration of nutrients is a major trigger to breakout of red tides, which are becoming increasingly serious. 2.8.3 Relation between Wet Land of Sbuangtaizi River's Mouth and Liao River The Wetland of Shuangtaizi River's mouth is an important reed wetland in China. It is a big water storage and wastewater cleaning area, and home for wetland creatures, such as birds, fish, shrimp and crab. The wetland is also a wild animal protection zone covering 800 km2. It provides a sound place for migratory animals. However by the early 1980's, with development of industry and more intensive agriculture, the protection area has been threatened by serious pollution. This was especially the case from contamination caused by development of the Liao River Oilfield in and around Panj in. In this project, wastewater from Panjin (Xinglongtai) wastewater treatment plant will be discharged into Shuangtaizi River via the Pangxie Ditch. Panjin wastewater treatment plant outfall is located approximately 30 km upstream of the wet lands. After passing through the wetland, Liao River enters the Bohai Sea. The condition of the wetland is strongly influenced by the quality of river water of both the Shuangtaizi River and Liao River. 2.8.4 Relation between Estuaries and Bohai Bay and Liaodong Bay There are 37 rivers around Bohai Sea. Average runoff entering the sea is 31.405 billion m3. The effluent from the WwTPs of the four cities will be discharged into Liao River, Daliao River and Xiaoling River, before flowing into Bohai Bay. Table 2-8 presents the relation between these estuaries and Bohai Bay and Liaodong Bay. Table 2-8 Estuaries of Rivers Distance Distance Municipal between The between No. wastewater Receiving the WwTP runoff of section Sea area . treatment course estuary And the estuary measured entering plant estuary (km) and the (km) estuary (km) Shenyang I 400.000m3/d Hun River WWTP 2 Fushun Hun River Fuxin 3 1 00000t/d Xi River WWTP First discharge into Estuary Enter Panjin Pangxie of Bohai 4 100,000m3/d Ditch and Shuangt 35 12.80 15.0 Bay from WWTP then flow into aizi Liaodong Shuangtaizi River Bay River 2-12 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Rfide Distance Distance Municipal N of between The between wastewater Receiving the WwTP runoff of section Sea area No. treatment course the And the estuary measured entering plant uary estuary (km) and the (km_) estuary (km) 5 Jinzhou ETDZ 6 Yingkou 6 E T D Z_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2.9 Water Supply and Wastewater The total volume of water resources in Liao Rive Basin is 23.511 billion m3. In normal years, the amount of water available for use is 10.567 billion m3. The section of Liao River in Liaoning province is seriously short of water. Utilization ratio of surface water is 81.2% and of groundwater 43.1%. But the water is still in short supply. In order to ensure national major industries water demand, the agriculture has to sacrifice. Some cities in the province have to supply water on a rationed basis. The annual amount of water supplied is 7.836 billion m3 with which the annual water demand is 8.370 billion m3. The annual water supply gap is about 534 million mi3. All the cities and bigger counties and towns have built drainage system for collecting wastewater and storm water. The total annual volume of wastewater received in Liao River Basin within Liaoning is 1681300000 tons, of which 1039510000 tons are industrial wastewater and 641790000 tons are domestic wastewater. 2.9.1 Service Scope The water for domestic use is supplied by water company. Each city has her own water resources. Most of the water used by enterprises is provided by municipal water supply company, but only about 10% enterprises have self-supply facilities. The water used in countryside is mainly supplied by municipal water supply company, too. Only in some villages located in mountain, water is from their own wells. Look at table 2-9. Table 2-9 water supply situation in project cities City Municipal supply area (km2) Self-supply area (km2) Shenyang 21240 2360 Fushun 11270 1127 Fuxin 6695 3605 Panjin 150.3 16.7 Jinzhou ETDZ 41.22 4.58 YingkouETDZ 453.6 194.4 2.9.2 Surface Water and Ground Water Table 2-10 illustrates the situation of surface water and ground water of six project cities. 2-13 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin FV7de Table 2-10 The Situation of Surface Water and Ground Water of Six Project Cities City Surface water Ground water resource Shenyang Hun River The water supplied by ground water resources is accounted for 10% of the total and the resources are deep wells. Fushun Hun River The water supplied by ground water resources is accounted for 10% of the total and the resources are deep wells. Fuxin Xi River The water supplied by ground water resources is accounted for 60% of the total and the resources are deep wells. Panjin Shuangtaizi River The water supplied by ground water resources is accounted for 90% of the total and the resources are deep wells. Jinzhou ETDZ Bohai Sea The water supplied by ground water resources is accounted for 80% of the total and the resources are deep wells. Yingkou Bohai Sea The water supplied by ground water resources is accounted ETDZ for 70% of the total and the resources are deep wells. 2.9.3 Wastewater Treatment There are few wastewater collection and treatment facilities in Liao River Basin. At present, there are three operating wastewater treatment plants in the basin. * Anshan West Wastewater Treatment Plant: it is a part of Anshan Steel Company and adopting physical and chemical treatment process. The capacity is 225000m3/d. About 85% of effluent treated is reused by the steel company and the left flows into municipal sewerage network. * Shenyang North Wastewater Treatment Plant: it is adopting biological treatment process. The design capacity is 400000 m3/d. * Shenyang (Wuai) South Wastewater Treatment Plant: it is a modeling project. The capacity is 100000 m3 /d. It is adopting chemical and floatation process and no biological treatment process. There are some wastewater treatment plants under construction in the study area. * Fushun design capacity: 250000 m3/d * Benxi design capacity: 225000 m3/d * Shenyang (south) design capacity: 200000 m3/d * Anshan (No.2 west plant) design capacity: 100000 m3/d 2.9.4 Project Cities (1) The Location and Characteristics of the Cities There are six cities involved in this project: Shenyang, Fushun, Fuxin, Panjin, Jinzhou ETDZ and Yingkou ETDZ. The table 2-11 presents the characteristics of the cities and fig. 2-1 illustrates the exact locations of the cities. 2-14 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin WFide Table 2-11 The Locations and Characteristics of the Cities City Location Characteristic Shenyang In the south part of northeast China, the middle of Liaoning, north latitude 41°11' and east longitude 122°25' Fushun In the east part of Liaoning, north latitude A heavy industrial city. Oil processing 41010'-12028' and east longitude id the an industry of the city. Other 123°39'-125°28', east to Jinlin province, south to industries include metallurgy, textile, Benxi, west to Shenyang and north to Tieling coal, chemical and electric. Fuxin In the northwest part of Liaoning, north latitude An emerging industrial city. Coal 41°41' and east longitude 121°101', east to burning power generation is the main Kangping and Faku, south to Yi, Beizheng and industry. On other industries include Xinmin counties, west to Beipiao and north to metallurgy, textile, coal, chemical, inner Mongolia electric, construction material, medicine and food. Panjin In the south part of Liaoning and near Bohai Bay, An oil chemical industrial city. One north latitude 40035' and east longitude energy resource base of China. 121°25'-12231 '. Jinzhou In the west part of Liaoning, 13km to Jinzhou, east A comprehensive industrial city. Oil ETDZ longitude 121004'and north latitude 40°48'. chemical is the main industrial and other industries include metallurgy, electric, textile, medicine and construction material. Yingkou In the middle of Liaodong Peninsula, east A comprehensive light industrial city. ETDZ longitude 122°06'and north latitude 40017' Paper-making and chemical are the main industries. 2-15 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide 3 Current Situation 3.1 Water Quality 3.1.1 Human Health The contamination of ground water results from the pollution of surface water. While drinking the polluted ground water, people's health is affected seriously. Most ground water pollution in Liaoning is due to recharge from domestic and industrial effluent, landfills, agricultural activities and storm water runoff from urban area. The contaminated ground water resources are widely distributed near the polluted rivers. The pollution of ground water results from the recharge of rivers. There are 4225100 village residents drinking polluted ground water. The distribution of these people are: 80100 in Shenyang, 210000 in Fushun, 105000 in Fuxin, 269000 in Panjin, 306000 in Jinzhou and 115000 in Yingkou. The surface water is mainly used for irrigation. Since the crops are irrigated by the polluted water, the pollutants will retain on the food. These contaminated food does harm to human health seriously. At present, in the six project cities, Hun River, Xi River and Shuangtaizi River exceed Category V. Hun River and Shuangtaizi River support the irrigation of the farms at the two sides of the rivers. The impact area is 20km2. Because Shenyang and Panjin are two important rice production area and their paddy fields are located at the two sides of Hun River and Shuangtaizi River, the area and population affected are bigger than other cities. So the human health in these areas are affected. 3.1.2 Water Balance The water balance for Liaonign Province has been illustrated in Fig.3-1. The water balance shows the major inputs into and out of the province, as well as the influence of human activity on the hydrological cycle within the province. From this water budget, we can see that river flows into the province provide a relatively small portion of the total water entering Liaoning, especially dry years. Also, the total water abstraction from the hydrological system in the province is relatively constant comparing with the old data. The rainfall in 1998 is high because of the high rainfall ground water recharge. The reservoir storage in 1998 is high. The water balance also indicates the impact of the high level of resource use on the rivers of the province. 3.1.3 Water Resource Utilization Groundwater and surface water resources are extensively exploited in Liaoning. Both are used to meet water supply needs to urban centers, including large demands from industry, and agricultural irrigation requirement. In addition reservoirs provide flood control, as well as having recreational and fisheries functions. Table 3-2 summarizes the water supply sources used within the study area from 1995 to 1998. 3-1 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide Table 3-2 Summary of Water Supply Sources Utilization in the Study Area (1 billion m3/y) Year Surface water sources Groundwater sources Grand reservoir River River Total Deep Shallow Total total (pumped (gravity) 1998 3.04 1.587 0.183 4.818 0.091 5.076 5.167 9.985 1997 3.96 1.440 0.319 5.727 0.118 4.756 4.874 10.601 1996 3.31 1.808 0.388 5.513 0.092 4.366 4.458 9.971 1995 3.06 1.474 0.991 5.529 0.238 3.920 4.158 9.687 From 1995 to 1998 abstractions from shallow groundwater accounted for between 40% to 51% of total annual resource use in the study area. Over the same period reservoirs provided 31% to 37% of the annual total. Total resource utilization has generally increased over the recent period, from 9.687 billion m3/y in 1995 to 9.985 billion m3/y in 1998. The fall in water resources utilization in 1998 compared with the 1997 peak of 10.601 billion m3/y is due to reduced reservoir utilization, which decreased significantly from 3.968 billion m3/y to 3.048 billion m3/y. This was due to the 1997 drought, which led to reduced refill of the reservoirs in the study area, and thus less available resource in 1998. The balance of recent resource utilization between surface and groundwater resources in the study area averages out at 54% to 46% respectively. Within this period however, there was an increasing reliance on groundwater sources, such that the percentage usage increased from 43% in 1995 to 52% in 1998. The majority reliance on groundwater resources in 1998 is a reflection of both the increasing trend in groundwater use seen over the period of data, as well as a response to the 1997 drought and its impact on reservoir storage, as commented above. The reservoirs are a key component of the study area. The classification of these reservoirs in terms of their management and operation is divided into three different levels-Provincial, Municipal and Local. The major reservoirs in the study area are managed from the center by the Liaoning Provincial Department of Water Resources (DWR), the Municipal reservoirs are controlled by the Municipal DWR, and the local reservoirs are controlled at the local and township/city level. However, the management of the Municipal and Local reservoirs takes place within flood control guidelines set by the Provincial center. Figure 3-3 shows the locations of the major reservoirs within the study area, while table 3-3 gives the data of these reservoirs. Table 3-3 Summary Characteristics of the major Reservoirs in the Study Area Reservoir Impoundment Catchment area Total storage Estimated yield date (km') (1 billion in3) (1 billion m3) Dahuofang 1958 5437 2.187 1.172 Guanyinge 1995 2795 2.168 0.947 Qinghe 1960 2376 0.971 0.370 Chaihe 1981 1355 0.636 0.288 Shenwo 1974 6175 0.791 0.780 Tanghe 1969 1228 0.723 0.246 Naodehai 1942 4051 0.193 0.050 3-2 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide Reservoir Impoundment Catchment area Total storage Estimated yield date (km2) (1 billion m3) (1 billion m3) Zhenziling 1979 369 0.210 0.087 Nanchengzi 1965 625 0.206 0.109 Total 24411 8.085 4.049 Thus, the provincially managed reservoirs provide 8.085 billion m3 of storage, regulating the flow from 24411 kM2, which is about 37% of the study area, a significant proportion that illustrates the high level of exploitation of surface water resources in Liaoning Province as a whole. The operation of the provincially-managed reservoirs in coordinated to maximize their combined yield. Examples of this include: * Chai River, Qing River and Naodehai Reservoirs are operated conjunctively for irrigation purposes in Panjin, Anshan, Shenyang and Tieling Municipalities in Liao Catchment. * Dahuofang, Guanyinge, Shenwo and Tang reservoirs in the Hun-Taizi catchment are operated conjunctively to meet domestic, industrial and irrigation demands. * During drought years, the reservoirs are operated conjunctively to allow the transfer of available resources from one catchment to another, making use of available trransfer structures and canals between the Hun-Taizi and Liao Rivers in Panjin Municipality, through the Xinkai Canal. Thus conjunctive use is a significant resource management characteristic of the reservoirs in the study area. The water from reservoir releases are also an important source of recharge for groundwater, and especially riverside wellfields. These are used predominantly alongside the Hun and taizi Rivers to provide water supply to cities such as Shenyang, but also major industries such as the Angang Steel Works in Anshan. The groundwater resources in the study area are dominated by abstractions from the Quatemary Aquifer. This aquifer is generally unconfined, and provides water for municipal, industrial self-supply and agricultural use. The groundwater levels in the Liao River plain are mostly 2 to 4 meters below ground surface, but can reach 10 meters in some districts where extensive groundwater exploitation has taken place. Fig 3-4 presents the main areas of groundwater abstraction, which as can be seen, are concentrated on the edges of the Hun-Taizi catchment, close to the main sources of surface water recharge from the hills and mountains to the west. Other groundwater abstractions occur through riverside wellfields, where much of the water abstraction is actually from the rivers, estimated to be as much as 70%, the remainder coming from groundwater storage. 3.2 Pollution Treatment Plan and Activity 3.2.1 The Current Water Resources Management Activities in the Basin At present, the local EPB is responsible for monitoring the domestic and industrial wastewater discharged into surface water system. The monitoring is performed three times every year. The 3-3 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide agencies responsible for wastewater discharge are in charge of monitoring the effluent in order to control the working of treatment process. In the basin, all the cities and some bigger counties and towns have built drainage system. But in many circumstances, the drainage system fails to supply good service for the whole urban area. Many facilities were built in last century and are extended with the development of the city. The drainage system of each city serves domestic and industrial customers. But there are no centralized wastewater treatment facilities in each city. So in order reduce the pollutants discharge, septic tank is installed in each building. In future development, separated drainage system will be built and septic tank will be cancelled. But except Fushun, other cities have no plans to replace the existing combined system and want to keep the septic tanks. The sludge out of the septic tanks is mainly used for agriculture. But many septic tanks cannot get regular cleaning and maintenance. On the pollution treatment of Liao River, the task of " One Control and Two Compliances" is almost completed. Except mercury, the volume control targets of other eleven pollutants have been achieved. By the end of 2000, for the 12943 industrial enterprises, the compliance rate is 98.1%. In the 1106 important industrial enterprises, 1071 enterprises have achieved compliance discharge and the compliance rate is 96.7%. 1479 enterprises have been closed. In the 118 important industrial pollution treatment projects, 37 projects have been completed and 40 projects are under construction. By the end of 2000, 97.6% industrial pollution sources in Liao River basin can achieve compliance discharge. In Liao River basin, three wastewater treatment plants with total capacity of 720000ton/d have been built. Eight wastewater treatment plants with total design capacity of 1.275 million ton/d. The pollution of Liao River basin has been under control. The monitoring results in the dry season of 2000 shows that in the 15 monitored sections, 6 have achieved Category V and I is almost meet the standard of Category V. 3.2.2 Industrial Pollution Control Plan In the period of Tenth-five Year Plan, the main task of industrial pollution control is to perform the volume control of pollutants, consolidate the achievement on discharge compliance, replace the obsolete process and equipment combining with the adjustment of industrial structure, push cleaning production forward, strengthen project management and control the increasing new pollution sources. (1) It is to perform the volume control of pollutants. The discharge of industrial pollutants should be less 15% than the volume in 2000. The comprehensive ability of industrial pollution treatment and prevention should be increased. Up to 2005, the compliance rate of industrial wastewater discharge should be 100%; the reuse rate of industrial wastewater should reach 85%; the reuse rate of mid-course water should be 70%; the treatment rate of waste gas should be 95% and the comprehensive utilizing rate of industrial solid waste should be 48%. The pollutant discharge will 3-4 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wi7de be reduced. Up to 2005, the discharge of waste gas will be controlled within 38000 m3 per 10000 RMB industrial output value; the wastewater discharge will be controlled within 45 ton per 10000 RMB industrial output value; the discharge of industrial solid waste will be controlled within 0.03 ton per 10000 RMB industrial output value; the coal consumption will be controlled within 1.8 ton per 10000 RMB GDP and the water consumption will be controlled within 110 ton per 10000 RMB GDP. (2) It is to consolidate the existing achievements on discharge compliance of industrial pollution sources. It is proposed to take 2 to 3 years to consolidate the current achievements. (3) It is to continue the adjustment of industrial structure and close the enterprises which cause the serious pollution and sources wasting. The enterprises causing serious pollution and high resource consumption must be stopped. And the obsolete process and products must be replaced. Up to 2002, small metal smelt plants, small power plants, small mines, small cement producers and small glass manufacturers must be out of the production field. (4) It is to push cleaning production forward. The technical and process upgrading for power, chemical, paper-making, printing, mental smelting and construction material industries must be strengthened. During the duration of Tenth-five Year Plan, 600 important pollution enterprises will achieve cleaning production. (5) It is to require industrial enterprises to reuse mid-course water. The management of projects must be strengthened and the project approval and evaluation system will be formed. The projects in the sensitive area of biology must be reviewed carefully. 3.2.3 Liao River Basin Environmental Management Plan According to the Tenth-five Year Plan, the COD discharge will be controlled within 185400 ton annually; the functions of Liao River, Hun River, Taizi River and Daliao River will be recovered; by the end of 2002, 8 wastewater treatment plants in large cities will be constructed and put into operation; by the end of 2005, the county-level cities will build their own wastewater treatment plants. The COD discharge will be reduced more 20%; the use of chemical fertilizers will be limited in the basin and the washing materials containing phosphor will be forbidden; the construction of large livestock culture sites will be controlled; the biological enviromnent in the basin will be recovered. The main pollutants in the near shore area are COD, oil, ammonia and phosphor. The discharge of these pollutants will be controlled within 170000ton, 2000ton, 75000ton and 14000ton annually. The management of seashore area will be strengthened; the wastewater treatment plants in the seashore area will be constructed; the amount of pollutants discharge into the sea directly from 24 industrial enterprises will be reduced more 20%; the wastewater containing oil produced by ships and harbors will be treated within a certain period of time; the washing materials containing phosphor will be forbidden; the aquiculture industry will be developed and the aquiculture area of the five cities near the sea will be 1708km2, zccounting for 54% of the total. 3.2.4 Water Demand Control Plan According to the Basin Planning Report, up to 2025, the average water demand per capita will be 3-5 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide 1 50-2001/d. Table 3-4 presents the situation. (1) The Target for Average Domestic Water Consumption The improvement of health, the upgrading of municipal facilities, climate and poor pipelines cuase the high water demand. It is obvious that there is some space for performing demand management and water conservation in large cities. If all the costs of water supply and wastewater treatment are afforded by the customers, they will be aware of the importance of water conservation. For large cities, the target value of demand per capita is 2001/d, higher than the international standard. but this figure is still less than the figures reported by the cities. The standards for middle and small cities fluctuates more or less 25% based on this figure. Look at table 34 Table 3-4 The Target Value of Average Domestic Water Consumption Domestic (person/l/d) Industrial (person/l/d) Not metered (personI/ld) Industrial/ High Middle Low High Middle ow High Middle Low domestic Scope Water consumption (per capita/d/l) Large 175 150 175 580 290 120 Middle 105 120 140 255 185 80 Small 70 75 80 400 140 45 Targets in 2025 Large 200 200 200 250 150 70 60 60 60 Middle 175 175 175 250 120 60 75 75 75 Small 150 150 150 250 100 50 90 90 90 (2) The Target for Average Industrial Water Consumption The industrial water consumption is some cities is very high. The measurements of reducing water consumption include strengthening tariff collection and punishment and raising the environmental standards. It means the enterprises must afford the treatment costs before discharging their wastewater to the outside. The obsolete equipment and process of pollution enterprises must be replaced. Because of the overmuch exploitation and the pollution of water resources, the indirect quantifying method for the potential waste should be considered in the future trend fo water consumption. 3-6 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide 4 Law Frame and Criteria 4.1 Law Frame The following Table 4-1-1 shows a detail of laws and regulation for environmental impact assessment in the Second LRBP. The engineering technical files are presented in Table 4-1. Table 4-1 Laws and Regulation Applicable for EIA item Files name No. Issued by Effective date Environmental Protection Law of the ICmee of teople' 1/ 1 epesRpulco hn Committee of People's 1212611989 People's Republic of China Congress Water Pollution Control Laws of the 5 meeting of the 6th 2 PepesRpbi fCiaCommittee of People's 5/15/1996 People's Republic of China Congress 3 Environmental Management Rules for No.253 State Council 11/18/1998 Construction Project Notice on issuing the classification 4 management catalogue of No. (2001)17 SEPA 2/17/2001 environmental protection for construction project (first issue) Notice on strengthening SEPA, 5 environmental impact assessment No.(1993)324 State Planning June 1993 work in construction project financed Committee, MOF, and by international organization People's Bank of China 6 Water Pollution Control Rules for Liaoning Provincial 1997 Liao River Basin in Liaoning Province Government Ninth-ftve Year Plan and 2010 Liaoning Provincial 7 Program for Water Pollution Control Govenmment Nov 1998 and Abatement in Liao River Basin Notice on management of Liaoning Provincial 8 environmental function zoning in No.(1999)16 Govenment May 1999 off-shore area in Liaoning province 9 Environmental Function Zoning of Liaoning Provincial Aug 1996 Surface Water in Liaoning Province Government 10 World Bank Manual Table 4-2 Engineering Technique for EIA Iten lsim h uedby Datie I Proposal of Liao River Basin Project (Phase II) financed by World Bank Feasibility Study Report of Panjin China Municipal Engineering Norh-east 2 Shuangtaizi wastewater treatment Design Institute 2001 project 3 Feasibility Study Report of Jinzhou China Municipal Engineering Norh-east Sep 2001 ETDZ wastewater treatment project Design Institute 4 Feasibility Study Report of Fuxin China Municipal Engineering Norh-east 2001 wastewater treatment project Design Institute 5 Feasibility Study Report of Yingkou Tising University and Liaoning Urban and 2001 ETDZ wastewater treatment project Rural Planing Design Institute 6 Feasibility Study Report of Fushun China Municipal Engineering Norh-east 2001 wastewater treatment project Design Institute 7 EIA Report of Shenyang west Shenyang Environmental Scientific Sep 2001 wastewater treatment project Research Institute 4.2 Criteria of EIA 4-1 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wde 4.2.1 Criteria of EIA The Technical Guideline for EIA (HJ/T2.1-2.3-93) and Technical Guideline for EIA about Acoustic Environment (HJ/T2.4-1995) is abided in EIA. These two guidelines is the criteria of environment protection in the People's Republic of China, including situation investigation about air, surface water and acoustic environment, selection of projection model and assessment methodology. 4.2.2 Environmental Function Zoning Environmental function zoning is the basis of environment management and the criteria abided for regional EIA. Environmental function zoning of surface water in the Second LRBP is determined according to the regional zone classification issued by the municipal EPB in project city. The basis of function zoning in sea area is the "Notice on management of environmental function zoning in off-shore area in Liaoning province", No.(1999)16, issued by Liaoning Provincial Government. Environmental function zoning in project cities are listed in Table 4-3. Table 4-3 Environmental Function Zoning Project city Sea area, river and section Abided standard 0 Shenyang Xi River c"Surface Water Quality Standard" (GWZB 1-1999) Shenyang Xi River ~~~Class V Jinzhou Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea "Marine Water Quality Standard" (GB3097-1997) Class IV Yingkou Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea "Marine Water Quality Standard" (GB3097-1997) _____________ LloogBy, B hlSa Class IV Fuxin Xi River "Surface Water Quality Standard" (GWZB 1-1999) Class V Panjin Shuangtaii ."Surface Water Quality Standard" (GWZB 1-1999) Panjin Shuangtaizi Class V (I) Principle and Function Zoning in the off-shore area in Liaoning Province Principle of Function Zoning The Function Zoning in the off-shore area in Liaoning Province is approved by the document named Notice on management of environmental function zoning in off-shore area in Liaoning province, issued by Liaoning Provincial Government, comprising six following items: a. Function zoning in the in-shore area is a component of ocean function zoning. Related departments should cooperated closely, insisting that partial interests should be complied with the interest as a whole, b. To make overall arrangement between long-term program and short-term planning, c. The social, economic and environmental benefits should be consolidated. The self-purification capacity of the sea should be utilized reasonably. d. Function Zoning in in-shore area should be combined with water pollution control planning in land area. e. When there are some functions in the same in-shore area, emphasis should be put in the main function, considering the other functions. f. To classify mix area according to the situation in the joint area of the function zones and the wastewater outfalls in the function zone or near the estuary, and try to make extent of the 4-2 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wtde mix area small. Classification of Function Zone in in-shore marine area Class I, applied to fishery area, marine nature conservation zone and endangered marine species conservation zone. Marine water quality should meet the standard of Class I of GB3097-1997. Class II, applied to marine acquaculture area, bathing beach, sport and entertainment area where people may contact the sea directly, and industrial water use related to person's eating. Marine water quality should meet the standard of Class II of GB3097-1997. Class 111, applied to common industrial water use and tourism area. Marine water quality should meet the standard of Class III of GB3097-1997. Class IV, applied to harbor area and marine exploitation area. Marine water quality should meet the standard of Class IV of GB3097-1997. (2) Principle and Function Zoning in Surface Water Area 0 Principle The classification of surface water function zoning is stipulated by local municipal EPB. The main principles are below: a. People health is the most important. The priority of protection is given to potable water resources. Much attention should also be put on the groundwater protection. b. The higher function should be determined as the appointed function when there are different functions in the same water area. c. The present use function must not be lowered. d. Water environment capacity should be utilized reasonably. e. The current situation should be combined with the long-term program. f. Economical and technical condition should be considered. . Classification of Function Zone in the surface water area Function zone is classified into five, same with "Surface Water Quality Standard" (GWZB 1-1 999). Class I, applied to source water and national nature conservation zone. Class II, applied to first-class protection area of water sources for centralized domestic drinking use, precious fish species conservation zone, and spawning area. Class III, applied to second-class protection area of water sources for centralized domestic drinking use, common fish species conservation zone, and swimming area. Class IV, applied to common industrial water use and entertainment area where people don't contact the water directly. Class V, applied to agriculture water use and water area of general scene requirement. 4-3 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide 4.2.2.1 Criteria of EIA Criteria of EIA is shown in Table 4-4. Table 4-4 EIA Criteria Category Items Abided standard Limited value in standard Remark Surface * River water quality, surface water 40 V water quality of GHZB I - 1999 CODcr mg/l 30 IV * Xi River Class V 20 III * Hun River Class IV 10 V * Shuangtaizi River Class IV BODs mgA/ 6 IV 4 III Environmen Ss mgA 150 aquiculture tal Groundwa Groundwater Quality Standard, PH 6.5-8.5 quali.y ter GBIT14848-93: Class III Fe mg/I 0.3 quality COD Su mg/A 3.0 NH3N mg/A 0.2 standard Rigidity mg/l 450 SEA water * Yingkou ETDZ and Jinzhou CODcr; 3 ETDZ, Sea Water Quality Standard BODs; 3 (GB3097-1997): Class IV no-organic mg/I 0.30 Value by N nitrogen; Phosphate; 0.030 Value by P Air *Sanitary Standard for Industrial NH3, mg/mr, 0.20 One time value Enterprises Design (HJ36-79) H2S mg/m3 0.01 *environmental air quality standard (GB3095-96) Class II *take foreign standard for reference _ if no local standard TSP, mg/rn 0.30 Average in a SO2; mg/m3 0.50 day NOx; mg/m3 0.15 Average in a hour Average in a hour Noise *WWTP boundary noise abide Noise Leq 60 11 Da class 2 industrial boundary noise [dB(A)] standard (GB12348-90) 50 Ni *plant site and concerned ght residential block are classified 65 III Da according to the urban environmental noise standard, 55 Ni GB3096-93 0 IV ght 70 IV Da 55 Ni ____________ ___________ ______________ght Wastewate *lnfluent of WWTP abide class 3 500 Influent r wastewater comprehensive CODcr mg/l 100 Effluent discharging standard BOD5 mg/A 300 Influent (GB8978-1996) 30 Effluent *Outfall of WWTP abide SS mg/A 400 Influent secondary treatment standard and 30 Effluent COD(, standard stipulated in Wastewater and Waste Air Discharging Standard Discharging (DB21 -60-89) Wasted *odor from WWTP abide class 2 Ammonia; Mg/mr 2.5 standard gas odor emission 3 Mg/m3 0.08 standard(boundaryXGB 8978- 1996) metho-ammo *odor fense distance will be nia; Mg/mr 0 06 calculated by "HJ/T2.1-2.3-93" and H2S Mg/ml 0 007 "Making-method of local air Sulphur pollutant emission Carbinol; Mg/m3 0.07 standard(GB/T1 3201-91)" Sulphur *take foreign standard for reference aether; Mg/m3 20 if no local standard Density of odor, *Boiler smoke emission abide II S02 Mg/rm 900 900 period boiler air pollutants Smoke Mg/r3 150 200 emission standard (GBPB3-1999) i 4-4 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide Category Items Abided standard Limited value in standard Remark Sludge *Sludge piling from WWTP abide Article "wastewater and sludge 4.1-4.5 discharging standard of urban WWTP' (CJ3025-93) -sludge composting abide "pollutants controlling standard for Cd 5 20 PH<6.5 sludge used in agriculture Hg 5 15 Front part will (GB4284-84)" Pb Mg/kg 300 1000 be abided *sludge piling from WWTP abide Cr Dry sludge 600 1000 PH>=6.5 "pollution controlling standard for As 75 75 Behind part solid waste of Liaoning Cu 250 500 will be abided (DB2 1-777-94) 4-5 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide 5 Project Description 5.1 Project overview 5.1.1 Name and contents of the project The proposed Second Liao River Basin Project seeking financing of the World Bank in Liaoning consists of two parts of contents which are the construction of urban wastewater collection (intercepting) system and the construction of urban wastewater treatment plant. The contents of the project are showed in the following table 5-1: Table 5-1 Contents of the Project Project name Project contents Investment (RMB 104) Second LRBP Construction of Shenyang western wastewater treatment plant with 400,000 116791.12 tons/day capacity, construction and upgrading of Shenyang urban sewers (8391) and pumping stations Construction of Fushun treated wastewater reuse system with 200,000 27,000 tons/day capacity, construction of Funshun intercepting system and (1411) pumping stations Construction of Jinzhou ETDZ wastewater treatment plant with 20,000 8015.61(482 tons/day capacity, construction and upgrading of wastewater intercepting ) system and pumping stations Construction of Yingkou ETDZ wastewater treatment plant with 50,000 14141.33(85 tons/day capacity, construction and upgrading of wastewater intercepting 0) system and pumping stations Construction of Fuxin wastewater treatment plant with 100,000 tons/day 19332(941) capacity, construction and upgrading of wastewater intercepting system and pumping stations Construction of Panjin Shuangtaizi wastewater treatment plant with 24647.33(12 100,000 tons/day capacity, construction and upgrading of wastewater 00) intercepting system and pumping stations Urban Upgrading: Preservation and restoration of Beiting and Dongling 8100 (35) parks, and Imperial Palace. Note: Numbers in bracket is loan that will be provided by the World Bank 5.1.2 Wastewater Interception System Details of wastewater intercepting system engineering are showed from table 5-2 to table 5-10. Intercepting system in the project is up to 149.704 Km. (1) Shenyang Wastewater Treatment Component Construction and upgrading of intercepting system and pumping stations in Shenyang western wastewater treatment component are showed in table 5-2. Route and direction of interceptors, location of wastewater treatment plant are shown in figure 5-1. 5-1 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Table 5-2 Shenyang Wastewater Interception Component No. Component Location Category Length Diameter Scope of (m) (m) construction activities (m) I Hun river Western Xi river area Sewage 3900 2.8 X 2.4 27 intercepting culvert 2 Xi river intercepting Xi river area Sewage and 1300 2.8 X 2.4 27 culvert storm water 3 Influent of wastewater Sewage 1690 3 X2.2 27 treatment plant 4 effluent culvert of Sewage 35 3 X 2.2 27 wastewater treatment plant Sub-total 9900 5 Chongshan road culvert Chongshan Sewage 1200 1.5 9.8 area Sewage 250 2.0 X 1.8 15.5 Sewage 3700 2.4 X 2.2 15.5 Sewage 1350 2.4 X 2.2 15.5 6 Wuai street culvert Wuai area Sewage and 1200 3.2 X 2.4 27.5 storm water 7 Nanta street culvert Nanta area Sewage 2200 3.2 X 1.5 27.5 Sub-total 9900 Table 5-3 Pumping Stations in Shenyang Project No. Name Area Details Category Contents Water Power Flow head(m) (kW) (m3/s) I East Chongshan Chongshan Sewage upgrading 11.7 ____ pumping station road 2 West Chongshan Sewage upgrading 7.2 pumping station 3 Wuai pumping Wuai street Sewage & New 5.0 station storm construction water 4 Zhonggong Xi river Sewage & New 7.0 pumping station storm construction water 5 Beisan pumping Chongshan Sewage & New 7.6 station storm construction water From table 5-2, Table 5-3 and Figure 5-1 it can be seen that interception system construction and urban sewers upgrading mainly cover Xi river area, Chongshan area and Wuai area, and Heping, Shenhe, Dadong and Huanggu districts are involved in the project. All sewers upgrading will be implemented at the existing streets or roads which are located in dense population area. (2) Fushun Wastewater Treatment Component Fushun will expand and construct wastewater intercepting system on the basis of the last world bank 5-2 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide loan project. Contents of intercepting engineering are shown in table 5-4. Route of interceptors and location of wastewater treatment plant are showed in figure 5-2. Table 5-4 Fushun Wastewater Interception No. | Component Location Quantity I Interceptor Zhangdang, Kuangdong, Lishi, Nanwan, Wnaghua 67.96 km 2 Pumping Station Zhangdang, Kuangdong, Lishi, Nanwan, Wnaghua 5 (3) Jinzhou ETDZ Wastewater Interception Construction of interceptors in Jinzhou ETDZ wastewater treatment component are showed in Table 5-5 and 5-6. Alignment of interceptors, location of wastewater treatment plant are showed in figure 5-3. Table 5-5 Wastewater Interception Work of Jinzhou ETDZ No. Starting Route End point Diameter Length Burying Category point (mm) (m) depth Existing 2400 I Mianyang To south Shugnang 400-700 22824 3.5 Reinforced road street concrete 2 Shaoyang To south Nanhai street 400 5900 3.5 Reinforced road concrete 3 Nanhai To Shugnang 600,1000 900 3.5 Reinforced street southwest street concrete 4 Donghai To east Guiyang road 800 2900 3.5 Reinforced street concrete 5 Guiyang To south Nanhai street 900, 1000 3300 3.5 Reinforced road concrete 6 Shugnang To WwTP 800,1000 5900 3.5 Reinforced street southwest concrete 7 Shugnang To west WwTP 700, 900 5900 3.5 Reinforced street concrete Sea WwTP To Category 5 700 1100 -dischar southwest sea area in 2000 ge pipe Jinzhou port Table 5-6 The Existing and Newly-built Pumping Station in Jinzhou ETDZ Existing pumping station Newly built pumping station Number: I Number: 2 Location: Guiyang road (I)Shugang pumping station: located at the converging Status: installed 5 sets of pumps, 2 working and 3 point of Shugang street and Nanhai street, occupy standby usually and all working in rain season, 1 242 m2 land, designed flow is 1.6 X 104 m3/d, 3 sets storage tank with 3000 m3 before the pumping of WQ500-9-30 type of submersible pumps; station, catchment area of the pumping station is 5 (2)Donghai pumping station: located at the converging 2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Km , 15 Km long collection pipe point of Guiyang road and Donghai street, occupy 242 m2 land, designed flow is 104 m3/d, 3 sets of WQ300-11-11.5 type of submersible pumps; From table 5-5, table 5-6 and Figure 5-3, we can see that all wastewater in Jinzhou ETDZ will 5-3 November, 2001 Second Lia oRiver Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide be collected through the construction of interceptors in Jinzhou ETDZ wastewater treatment component. Because the Jinzhou ETDZ is a newly-built city and no dense population area formed, the implementation of interceptors construction will involve less environmental sensitive point such as dense population area, transportation trunk and commercial area. * Pumping stations: The 2 new pumping stations are both located at the end of drainage. * Wastewater treatment plant: The new wastewater treatment plant is located at the end of drainage and downstream of water supply source. And outfall of the plant is close to sea area where treated wastewater will be discharged. * Route of sludge delivery to outside: The sludge generated from wastewater treatment will be delivered to Xishan waste solid disposal plant through JinGang road for sanitary landfill. 10 tonnes capacity of truck will shuttle 2 times in a day for totally 16 tons sludge from wastewater treatment plant. There is farmland and less residents on the both sides of the delivery road. (4) Yingkou ETDZ Wastewater Interception Construction of interceptors in Yingkou ETDZ wastewater treatment component are showed in table 5-7 and 5-8. Route and direction of interceptors, location of wastewater treatment plant are showed in figure 5-4. Table 5-7 Wastewater Interception of Yingkou ETDZ Project No. Starting Route End Diameter Length Burying Category point point (mm) (m) depth I Binhai street To south WwTP 900 3693 3.5 Reinforced concrete 2 WwTP Through Outfall to 1200 11200 3.5-6 Reinforced pumping station the sea concrete to the sea 3 Total to_the_sea_14893 Table 5-8 Pumping stations of Yingkou ETDZ Project No. Name of Location Engineering contents pumping station I No. I pumping Converging point Occupied land 8600m', Q=2083m'/h, pumping height station between Huaihe road H=6m, designed to install 4 set of 350QW1200-18-90 and Binhai street type of submersible pumps which 3 working and I standby 2 No. 2 pumping Outfall of the WwTP Occupied land I 0000m2, Q=2200m'/h, pumping height station H=12m, designed to install 6 set of 350QW1200-18-90 type of submersible pumps which 4 working and 1=2 standby From table 5-7, 5-8 and figure 54, we can see: * Interceptors: interceptors in Yingkou ETDZ component will be paved along with Binhai street. When the construction is implemented, landscape near the sea will be affected, but involved environmental sensitive point is very few. Treated wastewater will be send to Xianrendao through pipeline and then discharged to sea. 5-4 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide * Pumping station: 1 intermediate and 1 end pumping stations will be newly built. * Wastewater treatment plant: The new wastewater treatment plant is located at the end of drainage and downstream of water supply source. And outfall of the plant is close to sea area where treated wastewater will be discharged. * Route of sludge delivery to outside: The sludge generated from wastewater treatment will be delivered to Xinjin sludge sanitary landfill through Binhai street, Chengxi road. The sludge delivery will cross part of urban area where some residents, business shop will be involved and to north only farm land involved on the both side of delivery route. (5) Fuxin Wastewater Interception Construction of interceptors in Fuxin wastewater treatment component are showed in table 5-9. Route and direction of interceptors, location of wastewater treatment plant are showed in figure 5-5. Table 5-9 Wastewater Interception of Fuxin Project No. Starting Route End point Diamete Length Burying Category point r (mm) (m) depth I East bank of To south Converging point 3693 3.5 Reinforced Hai river concrete 2 North bank To Converging point with 400-850 6434 3.5 Reinforced of Xi river southwest Jiuyingzi interceptors concrete 3 South bank To Converging point with 500 2638 3.5 Reinforced of Xi river southwest Jiuyingzi interceptors concrete 4 North bank To south Crossing the river and 1200 160 3.5 Reinforced of Xi river converging with pipe concrete and east on south bank of Xi bank of river Jiuyingzi river 5 Converging To WwTP 1100, 9900 3.5 Reinforced point on southwest 1500 concrete south bank of Xi river 6 Sewer To Haihe sewer 800, 3000 3.5 Reinforced southwest 1000 concrete Total 25825 From table 5-9 and figure 5-5, we can see: * Interceptors: interceptors in Fuxin component will be paved along with east bank of Jiuyingzi river, south, north and east bank of Xi river. No dense population areas are involved. * Wastewater treatment plant: The new wastewater treatment plant is located at the end of drainage and downstream of water supply source. And outfall of the plant is close to water body where treated wastewater will be discharged. * Route of sludge delivery to outside: The sludge generated from wastewater treatment will be delivered to a new waste solid disposal plant is now under construction through outer round road of Fuxin, 101 national road. Most of the both sides of the delivery route are farm land, waste land and mounts, and few residents are involved. 5-5 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide (6) Panjin Wastewater Interception Construction of interceptors in Panjin wastewater treatment component are showed in table 5-10 and 5-11. Route and direction of interceptors, location of wastewater treatment plant are showed in Figure 5-6. Table 5-10 Wastewater Interception of Panjin Project Intercept Section Starting Route End point Diameter Length Burying category or No. point (mm) (m) depth South I Weijia To Gujia 1000 2180 3.5 Reinforced bank of pumping southwest pumping concrete pipe Liuli station station river 2 Gujia To Liaohua 1200 284 3.5 Reinforced pumping southwest pumping concrete pipe station station 3 Liaohua To Shuanghe 1600 1236 3.5 Reinforced pumping southwest river gate concrete station pipe Sub-total 3700 North I Nanqian To west Bayi pumping 1500 1065 2.8 Reinforced bank of pumping station concrete Shuangtai station pipe zi river 2 Bayi To west Shuanhe river 1800 3855 4.5 Reinforced pumping gate concrete station pipe Sub-total 4920 From I Shuanghe To north New pumping 2200 189 6.0 Reinforced Shuanghe river gate station concrete river gate pipe to WwTP 2 New To WwTP 2400 850 6.4 Reinforced pumping southwest concrete station pipe Sub-total I _ I I _ _ _ 1039 Total 9659 Table 5-11 Contents of pumping stations engineering of Panjin component No. Name Scale Specification Material Unit Number 1 New combined pumping 16.3m3/s 36 X 9 m Reinforced Set I station concrete 2 Upgrading of Weijia 10.5m3Is 36 X 9 m Reinforced Set pumping station concrete From table 5-10, table 5-11 and figure 5-6, we can see: * Interceptors: interceptors in Panjin component will be paved along with both sides of Shuangtaizi river. No dense population areas are involved. * Wastewater treatment plant: The new wastewater treatment plant is located at the end of drainage and downstream of water supply source. And outfall of the plant is close to Shuangtaizi river, the water body where treated wastewater will be discharged. * Route of sludge delivery to outside: The sludge generated from wastewater treatment will be delivered to a sludge composting plant is now under construction through 5 Km long village road. On both sides of the delivery route are paddy land and no residents are involved. 5-6 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide 5.1.3 Wastewater Treatment Plant (1) Summary of Wastewater Treatment Table 5-12 shows the basic situation of the wastewater treatment plants under the project. Table 5-12 Overview of the Wastewater Treatment under the Project Name of WwTP Shenyang Fushun Jinzhou Yingkou Fuxin Panjin ETDZ ETDZ Construction scale 40 25 2 5 10 10 (104 tons/day) Land occupation 55 103 5.98 9.1 12 (104 MI2) location Xiaoyu village, Haikou 700m to Near gas East of Zhaijia town village, north of generation round road under Yuhong southwest of Hongmei plant of Panjin district Jinzhou river ETDZ Service area (km2) 95.5 12 12 52 21.56 Included main 28 in west and 38 45 18 24 industrial pollution 16 in south source Service population 157 6.17 19.8 58.37 23 (104) (2) Layout of Wastewater Treatment Plant Figure 5-7 to 5-1 1 showed the layout of wastewater treatment plants of 6 cities. 5.2 Description of Wastewater Treatment 5.2.1 Main Structures and Equipment of Wastewater Treatment Plant According to the requirements of the World Bank. main structures and equipment of wastewater treatment plants of the project cities are showed in the following table: Table 5-13 List of Main Structures and Equipment of the WwTPs No. Name Unit Number Specification I Coarse screen Set 2 working and I Net space of screen < 25mm. if necessary coarse standby screen with 50-100mm space will be installed, Shenyang exclusive 2 Sewage pump Set 2 standby Providing by design requirement 3 Fine screen Set 2 working and I 6-10mm net space and should be easy for washing, standby dewatering and being delivered to outside 4 Degritting Set 3 working and I Aeration and vortex should be designed and easy for tank standby washing, dewatering degritting and being delivered to outside 5 Measuring Set 3 working and I Water channel and non-touching ultrasonic flow meter equipment for standby should be used to measure the water level 5-7 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide No. Name Unit Number Specification influent flow 6 Primary Set Surface overflowing velocity < 72m3/m2.d, hydraulic sedimentation retention time > 1.5 hour tank 7 Active Set 4 hydraulic retention time 6 hour, sludge retention bio-chemical time<6days, sludge amount>160mg/1 TSS, sludge reaction tank retuming rate 40%, sludge returning rate will reach 70% 8 Secondary Set 8 Surface overflowing velocity < 24m3/m2.d, solid load sedimentation rate< 125Kg/m2.d, maximum diameter<52m, water tank depth 4.5-5m 9 Sludge Set I working and I Active sludge returning rate 40%, maximum pumping returning standby rate for active sludge returning is 70% pumping station 10 Disinfection Set I Chlorine dose<5mg/1, contacting time>20 min tank 11 Dewatering Set I working and I Sludge returning rate 97%, water content of sludge chamber for standby cake 80%, dosing 5Kg per ton of thickened sludge, sludge hydraulic load of belt press<381/s thickening tank 12 Aerobic Set 3 The tank consists of 3 units, retention time 4 days, digestion tank water depth is less than 4.5m, intermittent fine aeration is adopted in each unit and dissolved oxygen is 0.2-0.3 mg/l The treated effluent will discharge into receiving watercourse through designed outfalls in the project cities. 5.2.2 Sludge Treatment (1) Sludge Thickening: Belt sludge thickener will be adopted for sludge thickening. Solid content in raw activated sludge is 0.3%, namely 3,000mg/I. Dosage is 5kg/ton dry sludge. Hydraulic load of belt thickener should not exceed 38 I/s in one meter width. Working time of mechanical equipment is 16 hours and 6 days in a week. Solid content of thickened sludge is 2.2%-2.5%. (2) Aerobic Digestion for Shenyang WwTP The thickened sludge will be pumped into aerobic digestion tank. The aerobic digestion tank includes three units, and the retention time of each unit is 4 days. Intermittent aeration is adopted in each tank, and each cycle period is 12 hour. In the first cycle, No. I unit aerate, and No.2 and No.3 unit don't aerate; in the second cycle, No.1 unit don't aerate and No.2 and No.3 unit aerate, aeration strength is 10 W/m3 and 2 KgO2/KWH. Solid content of digested sludge is I.8%-2.0%. (3) Mechanical Dewatering The thickened sludge will be dewatered by belt presses. The chemical conditioning (polyelectrolyte) 5-8 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessmentReport-Basin Wide requirement is 5 kg/tones dry sludge. Hydraulic loading rate of belt press will not exceed 24 kg/hr per meter of belt width. Operation of mechanical plant will be based on 16 hours per day, 6 days per week when design flow is less than 200,000 m3/day, Operation of mechanical dewatering chamber will be based on 20 hours per day, 6 days per week when design flow is greater than 200,000 m3/day. Solid content of the dewatered sludge cake is 20%. (4) Sludge Disposal Dewatered sludge will be tipped to an on-site storage site with at least capacity for 7 days sludge generation, then the sludge will be transported to a safe landfill or composting plantfor disposal. 5.2.3 Reuse of treated wastewater Project cities don't consider the reuse of treated wastewater in a short term due to financing problem, except that Panjin and Fushun will construct wastewater deeper treatment facility and reuse system in this project. (I) Reuse of Treated Effluent In the Tenth Five Year Plan for Environmental protection issued by Liaoning EPB in July 2001, it is compulsory regulation to set up intemal water reuse system in every industry. The petro-chemical and steel industries should use treated effluent for cooling, new fresh water is prohibited for this purpose. Most of water used by Panjin Tianhe Industrial Zone is underground water. Long term exploitation of underground water has resulted in that underwater level dropped down greatly and storage of underwater declined. Liaohe Chemical Plant and Panjin Ethylene Plant are main industries of Panjin Tianhe Industrial Zone. At present the two industries are facing serious shortage of water supply which is threatening their development and survival. To completely resolve the water shortage problem, the project proposed to develop treated effluent reuse system for industrial cooling as substitute for underground water. Panjin proposes to construct a tertiary treatment facility in this project of 50,000 t/d capacity, and reuse pipeline. Within Wanghua and Xinfu Districts of Fushun city, there are many large and medium industries mainly focusing on steel and petrochemical processing close to the Sanbaotun WwTP. In the two districts there is separate industrial water pipe network. Fushun propose to modify and extend the existing Wanghua Water Treatment Plant to provide a total supply of 200,000 t/d to major industries in the two districts. (2) Treatment process The effluent of secondary sedimentation tank (SST) is added aluminum chloride, then is pumped to reuse structure, in which the bio-chemical treated wastewater will flow through mixing tank, membrane reactor, sloping plate sedimentation tank, V shape filtration tank, storage tank, chlorine 5-9 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessmentReport-Basin Wide adding tank, finally the treated water is pumped to users. The treatment procedure is showed in the following figure: Dosing chamber . _ | t ~~~~~~~~~~~~Membrane reactor| effluent fr-om- SS z in=tto p iigtn |Plate ||Sludge purnping | |Sludge thickening| Storage tank Pumping station ( Chlorine adding chamber (3) Quality of Treated Effluent Bio-chemical treated wastewater can be used for industrial and the quality meet the quality requirement stipulated in urban water reuse design criteria. The following Table 5-14 shows detailed requirement for treated effluent Quality for reuse. Table 5-14 Requirement for Quality for Treated Effluent Reuse No. Item Once cooling Cycling cooling Reuse water quality of the water water project I pH 6.0-9.0 6.5-9.0 6.5-9.0 2 Turbidity 30 3 SS 5 < 5 4 BODs (mg/l) 30 10 1 0 5 CODcr (mg/I) 75 75 6 Iron (mg/I) 0.3 <0. 3 7 Manganese (mg/I) 0.2 -0. 2 8 Chloride (mg/I) 300 300 300 9 Total hardness (CaCO3, 850 450 450 mg/l) 10 Total alkali (mg/I) 500 450 11 Total solid (mg/1) 1000 o1000 12 Chlorine (mg/I) 0.1-0.2 13 Facultative bacteria 5 X 105 /I 5.3 Municipal Wastewater Amount and Quality Prediction 5-10 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wlde 5.3.1 The Prediction for Water Demand (1) Industrial water demand The following factors have been taken into account in water demand projection of industry. * Due to different industrial structure, output, technology, management level and water resource in each city, the unit water demand of industry is different. * Following industrial restructuring, process renovation, measures for water conservation and water reuse, the industrial water consumption rate on 10 thousand RMB output basis will fall down every year. * According to national economic and social developing plan, the new industries will be capital/technology intensive in future. High and new technology, trade, finance, insurance, and infonnation sector will be developed, the industrial water consumption rate on 10 thousand RMB output basis will fall down. * Following the progress and more stringent requirements of Liao River Basin, the industrial water demand will drop. (2) Domestic water demand The domestic water demand includes residential water, public utility water and municipal water consumption. The domestic water demand projection for the project is undertaken based on the water consumption quota provided in Chinese Outdoor Water Supply Standard (GBJ1396-1997), details listed in Table 5-15. Table 5-15 Municipality Comprehensive Water Consumption Quota City scale Very large cityl Large city2 Medium and small city3 (>million people) (0.5-1 million people) (0.2A0.5 people) Water demand Peak Average Peak Average Peak Average Area 1=<_ 260-410 210-340 240-390 190-310 220-370 170-280 2 190-280 150-240 170-260 130-210 150-240 110-180 3 170-270 140-230 150-250 120-250 130-230 100-170 Notes: 1: Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guandong. Guangxi. Hainan, Shanghai, Yunnan, Jiangshu, Anhui and Chongqing. 2: Heilongjiang, Jinlin, Liaoning, Beijing. Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong, Ningxia, Shanxi, Eastern of Inner Mongolia, Eastem of Ganshu. 3: Xinjiang, Qinghai, Xizhang (Tibet), Westem of Inner Mongolia, Westem of Ganshu. 5-11 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide The water demand projection for the project cities is in Table 5-16. 5.3.2 Wastewater Flow Projection (1) Industry Wastewater Projection According to the urban water demand projection, as well as considering the actual situation in Liaoning province which industrial wastewater discharging declines, industrial wastewater amount is projected by 3 phases, short term, medium term and long term. Table 5-17 shows the projection results: Table 5-17 Industrial Wastewater Amount projection City Unit Shenyang Fushun Jinzhou Yingkou Fuxin Panjin ETDZ ETDZ Short term 104 tons/year 8760 412.45 1051.2 1408.3 2296 (by 2005) 10 tons/day 24 2.24 1.13 2.88 3.86 6.29 Medium 104 tons/year 11388 901.55 1380 1585 2453 term (by 104 tons/day 31.20 49.2 2.47 3.28 4.35 6.72 20 10) ___I _I_I_I I__ _ _ I__ _ _ _ Long term 104tons/year 1 14016 1 1 1996.55 1781 2766 2708 (by 2020) 104 tons/day 38.4 51.6 5.47 4.88 7.58 7.42 (2) Domestic Wastewater Projection Together with urban development and life quality increase, domestic water demand will grow. According to average domestic water demand in China and comparable foreign countries, as well as city master plan, 80% of domestic water supply will become wastewater. The projected wastewater discharge are given in Table 5-18. Table 5-18 Domestic Wastewater Projection City Unit Shenyang Fushun Jinzhou Yingkou Fuxin Panjin _____ ____ ___ ____ ETDZ ETDZ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ Short *Population 85 137.48 6.17 18.4 58.37 23 2005)(b Wastewater 2005) (104 tones/d) 16 26.40 0.86 2.12 6.14 3.71 Medium *Population 160 141.56 10.40 26.83 60.00 27 term (,10 persons) ( 1 Wastewater (by 2010)(104 tones/d) 28.80 27.63 1.57 3.22 6.94 4.54 *Population Long (10 persons) 221 147.91 29.52 40.00 77.17 39 term (by[ 22)Wastewater (by 2025) (104 tones/d) 41.60 29.58 4.96 5.12 9.26 6.55 Note: * means population serviced by the project WwTP. 5-12 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessmentReport-Basin Wide (3) Wastewater Coming to the WwTP According to industry wastewater projection in Table 5-17 and domestic wastewater projection in Table 5-18, total wastewater projection for the cities have been summarized and listed in Table 5-19. Table 5-19 Total Wastewater to be Received by the WwTPs \ City Jinzhou Yingkou .. Term \ Unit Shenyang Fushun ETDZ ETDZ Fuxin Panjin (by 2005)t Wastewater 40.00 25.00 2.00 5.00 10.00 10.00 term Wastewater 60.00 75.00 4.04 7.00 11.29 11.26 (by _20 10) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (by 2025) Wastewater 80.00 80.00 10.43 10.00 16.84 13.97 (4) Ratio of Industrial and Domestic Wastewater flowing into WwTPs Percentage of industrial and domestic wastewater flowing into WwTP is showed in the following table 5-20: Table 5-20 Industrial/Domestic Wastewater Ratio into WwTPs City Shenyang Fushun Jinzhou Yingkou Fuxin Panjin I_ETDZ ETDZ Term dome indu dome indus dome indus dome indu dome indu dome indus stic stria stic trial stic trial stic stria stic strial stic trial I I Short 40 60 92 8 43 57 43 57 61 39 37 63 term (by 2005) _ Medium 48 52 36 64 39 61 46 54 61 39 41 59 term (by 2010) Long 52 48 37 63 48 52 51 49 55 45 47 53 termn (by 20 25) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5.3.3 Determination of lnfluent Characters and Effluent Limit for WwTP According to planned water quality value in the Hun-Tai River Basin Study Report, and the monitored results of the 6 cities, take reference with influent quality of other cities in China, the influent quality is determined. According to requirement Liao river basin pollution planning and river section function planning, the effluent quality is determined. Results is showed Table 5-21. Table 5-21 Influent and Effluent Quality for the WwTPs City | Type |CODcr I BODs l SS | T-N | TP l 5-13 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide City Type CODcr BOD5 SS T-N TP Shenyang Influent 482 207 176 41 4 (40x l04 tones/d) Effluent 100 29 30 20 1 % Removal 79.3 85.99 82.95 51 75 Jinzhou ETDZ Influent 340 170 160 35 <3 (2xl04 tones/d) Effluent 100 30 30 20 1 % Removal 71 82 81 43 67 Yingkou ETDZ Influent 400 200 220 36 3 (Sx 104 tones/d) Effluent 100 30 30 20 1 % Removal 75 85 86 44 67 Fuxin Influent 520 220 320 45 2 (lx104 tones/d) Effluent 100 30 30 20 1 % Removal 81 86 91 56 50 Influent 300 180 200 40 4 ( PI OX 04 tones/d) Efflu Drainage 100 30 30 20 1 including 500,000 ent Reuse 75 10 5 10 1 tons/day reuse % Drainage 67 83 85 50 75 system Rem Reuse 75 94 98 75 75 oval Discharging standard (No.107, 2000 100 30 30 20 1 issued by Liaoning province) Low quality domestic water standard(is not for drinking) (CJ25. 50 10 5 10 - 1-89) Reuse water quality standard for industrial cooling in urban wastewater 75 10 - - reuse design criteria The Table 5-21 shows that the five major pollutants in effluent from the wastewater treatment plants can meet the requirements in Discharging Standard of secondary treatment plant in Liaoning province (DB21-60-89). In addition wastewater after being bio-chemical treated in Panjin will be further treated to meet the quality for low quality domestic water use and industrial cooling water use. 5.4 Pollution load projection 5.4.1 Wastewater This project is a measure ever taken in Liaoning to meet the overall objective to clean up Liao River Basin defined in the Liao River basin water pollution prevention Plan. The pollution load will be largely reduced when the project finish, the water environment within Liao River basin and off-shore of Bohai sea will be improved greatly. According to the design capacity of wastewater treatment plants and influent quality showed in Table 5-21, pollution load of wastewater treatment plant are calculated and showed in Table 5-22. Table 5-22 Pollution Load of Wastewater Treatment Plants Unit: t/d | City | Capacity Category CODcr BOD5 SS T-N TP Shenyang Shorttermn Influent | 192.80 | 82.80 | 70.40 | 16.40 | 1.60 | 5-14 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide City Capacity Category CODcr BOD5 SS T-N TP (40x104 tones/d) Effluent 40.00 11.60 12.00 8.00 0.40 Medium term Influent 289.20 124.20 105.60 24.60 2.40 (60x104 tones/d) Effluent 60.00 17.40 18.00 12.00 0.60 Long term Influent 385.60 165.60 140.80 32.80 3.20 (80xl04 tones/d) Effluent 80.00 23.20 24.00 16.00 0.80 Short term Influent 6.80 3.40 3.20 0.70 0.06 (2x104 tones/d) Effluent 2.00 0.62 0.60 0.40 0.02 Jinzhou Medium term Influent 17.00 8.50 8.00 1.75 0.15 ETDZ (5x104 tones/d) Effluent 5.00 1.50 1.50 1.00 0.05 Long term Influent 34.00 17.00 16.00 3.50 0.30 (10x104 tones/d) Effluent 10.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 0.10 Short term Influent 20.00 10.00 11.00 1.80 0.15 (Sx104 tones/d) Effluent 5.00 1.50 1.50 1.00 0.05 Yingkou Medium term Influent 28.00 14.00 15.40 2.52 0.21 ETDZ (7x104 tones/d) Effluent 7.00 2.10 2.10 1.40 0.07 Long term Influent 40.00 20.00 22.00 3.60 0.30 (10x104 tones/d) Effluent 10.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 0.10 Short term Influent 52.00 22.00 32.00 4.50 0.20 (IOX104 tones/d) Effluent 10.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 0.10 .uxin Medium term Influent 62.40 26.40 38.40 5.40 0.24 Fuxin -(12x 104 tones/d) Effluent 12.00 3.60 3.60 12.40 0.12 Long term Influent 93.60 39.60 57.60 8.10 0.36 (18x104 tones/d) Effluent 18.00 5.40 5.40 3.60 0.18 Short term Influent 30.00 18.00 20.00 4.00 0.40 (IOX104 tones/d) Effluent 5.00 1.50 1.50 0.50 0.05 Medium term Influent 36.00 21.60 24.00 4.80 0.48 Panjin (12xl 04 tones/d) Effluent 6.00 1.80 1.80 0.60 0.06 Long term Influent 45.00 27.00 30.00 6.00 0.60 I_SX 104 tones/d) Effluent 7.50 2.25 2.25 0.75 0.08 Table 5-22 indicates that when the wastewater treatment plant are constructed in 6 cities, the 5 kinds of pollutants will decline greatly. 5.4.2 Odor and dust (1) Odor The foul odor which is one of the environmental concern during the operation phase mainly comes from aeration tank, clarifier, sludge thickening tank, sludge digestion tank and sludge dewatering chamber. etc. There are many kinds of odors in wastewater treatment plant such as NH3, H2S, trine-methylamine, sulfur-methyl alcoholic and sulfur-methyl ether, etc. Intensity of odor source is predicted with reference of the monitoring data at Tianjin Jizhuangzi wastewater treatment plant and Taiyuan Yangjiapu wastewater treatment plant, as well as considering natural conditions and wastewater treatment process of 6 WwTPs. Intensity of odor source is calculated by adopting the formula defined in the guideline HJ/T2.3-2.4-93 and showed in Table 5-27. 5-15 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessmentReport-Basin Wide Table 5-23 Intensity of odor source in wastewater treatment plants of 6 cities Emission Trine-methylam Sulphur-me Sulphur-met City rate NH3 H2S ine thyl hyl ether alcoholic Shenyang Kg/h 0.69 0.0023 0.035 0.035 0.0231 Mg/s 185.72 0.64 0.96 9.61 6.40 Fushun Kg/h 0.43 0.0044 0.002 0.22 0.0144 Mg/s 119.29 1.22 0.61 6.08 4.01 Jinzhou Kg/h 0.104 0.0035 0.005 0.0005 0.004 ETDZ Mg/s 28.848 0.963 1.39 0.139 1.11 Yingkou Kg/h 0.21 0.005 0.007 0.0008 0.0075 ETDZ Mg/s 57.64 1.39 1.93 0.232 2.08 Fuxin Kg/h 0.208 0.007 0.009 0.0001 0.0081 Mg/s 57.69 1.93 2.56 0.231 2.25 Panj in rKg/h 1 0.208 0.001 0.009 0.0001 0.0081 ________ Mg/s 57.69 1.93 2.56 0.231 2.25 Table 5-27 indicate that main foul odor source of WwTP are NH3with intensity vary from 0.1 04kg/h to 0.69kg/h and SH2 with intensity vary from 0.0023 kg/h to 0.005 kg/h. (2) Dust from Boiler The boilers is used in the WwTPs for heating in winter and will emit flue gas, dust and SO2. The coal combustion for boiler is summarized in Table 5-24. Table 5-24 Coal Combustion and Pollutant Discharge City Shenyang Fushun Jinzhou Yingkou Fuxin Panjin Item ETDZ ETDZ Boiler (t/h) 2x2.8 4 1 1 2 2 Coal consumption (kg/h) 1720 720 180 180 360 360 Coal type Mixture Fushun Mixture Fushun Fuxin Mixture Dust content (%) 27 22 20 22 30 30 Sulfur content(%) 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6 Height of chimney (m) 40 40 20 20 30 30 Dust trap P removal P removal P removal P removal P removal P removal trap trap trap trap trap trap Dust removal rate (%) 95 95 90 90 95 93 Dust before control 3840 3826 1980 1960 3940 2703 (mg/m _) Dust after control 192 193 198 196 197 189 (mg/mr3) SO2 before control 575.20 628.00 359.00 512.00 678.00 656.00 (mg/m3) SO2 after control (mg/m3) 575.20 628.00 359.00 512.00 678.00 656.00 Category 11 Standard 200 for dust (GWPB3-1999) (mg/m3) 900 for So, 5-16 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Table 5-24 indicate that 1-4 t/h boilers are used in 6 wastewater treatment plants for heating in winter. After taking dust control measures, dust and S02 emitted by boilers can meet the class 2 standard stipulated in "emission standard of waste gas and pollutants of boiler" (GWPB3-1999). 5.4.3 Prediction for Sludge Discharge Sludge is one of the main pollutants of operation of wastewater treatment plant. Prediction for solid waste discharged by wastewater treatment plant is showed in the following table 5-25. Table 5-25 Prediction for solid waste discharged by 6 wastewater treatment plant Type of solid Shenyang Fusbun Jinzhou Yingkou Fuxin Panjin waste ETDZ ETDZ Screenings 17 2.5 5 10 10 Grits 24 1.5 3 4 5 Sludge(80% water 247 N/A 12 32 66 65 content) Total 288 16 40 80 80 5.4.4 Noise Noise mainly comes from equipment in wastewater treatment plant and pumping station of conveyance system, especially air blowers and pumps. With reference to noise test result from Shenyang northern wastewater treatment plant, predicted noise level are listed in Table 5-26. Table 5-26 Noise during Operation No. Main equipment dB(a) No. Main equipment dB(a) I Raw wastewater lifting pumps 95 5 Sludge dewatering equipment 85 2 Air blowers (aeration degritting tank) 115 6 Air compressor 92 3 Air blowers (bio-chemical reactor) 95 7 Scraper 90 4 Sludge lifting pumps 92 8 Medium lifting pump 90 5.5 Identification of Environment Impact Factor and Screening 5.5.1 Identification of Environment Impact Factor Identification of environment impact includes two phases: construction and operation. (I) Construction phase During construction, the main construction activities involve site cleaning, tree cutting, road excavation, spoil transportation and disposal, road blocking, pipe laying, and construction of pumping stations and wastewater treatment plant, etc. These activities will affect the local social, ecological and natural environment to different extent. 5-17 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessmentReport-Basin Wide (2) Operation phase During operation, the environmental impacts, both positive and negative, have been identified as follows: Positive impact: treated effluent will improve Liao River Basin water body (including positive impact to Liaodong Bay in Yingkou, and Shuangtaizi river-mouth wetland in Panjin); water quality improvement at each river section and Liao River basin. Negative impact: Sludge, noise, smoke and foul odor from wastewater treatment plants. Identification of impact in each phase is given in Figure 5-13, and environmental impact parameters are showed in Table 5-27. Table 5-27 Environment Impact Parameters Environment impact Environment actions Environment impact parameter Positive Negative Air (construction dust, odor, smoke and SO2 etc.) Environment quality Water quality of each section river 3 within Liao River basin Waterbody of Liaodong Bay and +2 Bohai Bay Groundwater and water source +2 Ecological environment +2 (-1) Acoustic environment l Sludge and solid waste -2 Investment environment and +2 region development Land acquisition -I Social environment demolition -l Traffic (-I) Tourism resource +2 Employment +2 Economic environment Tax +1 Region income +1 Notes: "+" means positive effect, "-" means negative effect, ( ) means short term effect. I - minor effect; 2 - Medium effect; 3 - Large effect. Table 5-27 shows that main environment impact factors of proposed project are those by construction activities on social environment, operation phase on water environment, and sludge on both water and air environment. (1) Construction phase Construction activities, such as site cleaning, road and farmland excavation, pipe laying, pumping stations and wastewater treatment plant construction, will affect social environment by: 5-18 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide * Land acquisition • House demolition * Wind blown dust, spoil and noise * Natural and ecological system change (2) Operation phase Main impacts on environment during operation period are as follows: * Treated effluent discharged into receiving watercourse, water environment within Liao River basin will be improved. The water quality of Liao rivers, fishery and water organism will be improved * Groundwater will be improved If sludge from wastewater treatment plant is not disposed properly, it will lead to enormous negative effect * Odor, smoke, SO2 and screenings from wastewater treatment plant is a negative impact on air environment, and * Noise during operation is a negative impact on environment. 5.5.2 Screening of environment assessment factors According to the features of the proposed project, assessment factors have been deternined and listed in Table 5-28 below. Table 5-28 Environment assessment factors Environmental Water Air Solid Waste Noise Social pH, NH3, H2S, (1)CUrent CODcr, trine-methylamine, Heavy metal (I)Current BODc, sulphur-methylHevmta environmentOil etc, alcoholic oufaI asessroment total at bottom of o assessment ol ec achhc, outfalls aln Land, ttl 1 3 sulphur-methyl ether, PlantLad items. smoke, SO, boundary and . Work, unary *. Residents Construction period: Acoustic E TSP; Operation period: noise . Resource X 2)Impact CODcr, NH3, H2S, Heavy metal Lep[dB(A)] . Planting, assess1mpact CODcr, trine-methylamine, in sludge of . Building assessment sulphur-methyl WwTP alcoholic I sulphur-methyl ether. I_I 5-19 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide 6. Analysis of Alternatives 6.1 Project Selection The WRM project of the LIEP has developed a rationale and a comprehensive approach for the identification and prioritisation of the pollution control intervention projects. The strategy is designed to ensure that the intervention are taken from a basin-wide viewpoint rather than being individual reactions to localised problems. The chosen strategy includes a package of projects each of which forms part of a logical programme of intervention. This will ensure that intervention is directed at the critical parts of the basin, tackling potential long-term problems as well as providing short-term solutions to urgent issues. The prioritization of potential pollution control projects is undertaken with the help of decision software" Criterium Decision Plus". The criteria used are as follows: * Volume of water treated; * Total load removed; * Impact on receiving water; Volume of abstractions within the length of river affected by intervention; * Total volume of abstractions downstream of the intervention project; * Immediate impact on marine waters; * Cost of intervention. The selection is guided by the priority ranking but also takes into account other factors such as ease of implementation. The output of the decision model is a prioritized list of interventions. The locations of these pollution control interventions are shown in Figure 6-1. The proposed intervention projects include the LRBP 2 cities except Fuxin and Jinzhou ETDZ which are within Daling and Xiaoling River Basins. 6.2 Alternative Sites and Routes 6.2.1 Comparison of Alternatives The alternatives for wastewater conveyance and pumping are detailed in the following Table 6-1. 6-1 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Table 6-1 Comparison of Alternative Routes Project city Alternative Description Alternative c mparison Advantage Disadvantage Shenyang Alternative I (1) Chongshan Sewerage (1) The problems of serious (I) Capital investment is (recommende System upgrading; sedimentation in larger than that of d) (2) Wu'ai sewerage pipeline caused by alternative 2; system upgrading; unreasonable design and (2) Large area of plants (3) Eastern and western shallow gradient will be will be damaged due PSs at Chongshan; eradicated; to excavation work. (4) Beisan PS; (2) Smooth wastewater (5) Zhonggong PS conveyance, the upgrading proposed PS is far from (6) Western stormwater residential area; PS; (3) The open canal will be (7) Southwestern converted into box interception work; culvert,, improving (8) Xi River interception ambient environment; work; (4) The rivers which are (9) Inlet and outlet box dominated by sewerage culvert for WwTP will be recharged with treated wastewater , the original surface water function will be recovered. Alternative 2 (1) Only to construct the (1) Large amount of capital (1) The overdue problem interception works will be saved; of sewerage network necessary to the can not be resolved; WwTP; (2) The sewerage network upgrading will be postponed for later project. Fushun Alternative I (I) One pipeline connecting (1) Intercept almost of the (I) Two teams needed to (recommende the Sanbaotun WwTP wastewater. improving maintain both the d) with the tertiary sanitation; Sanbaotun WwTP treatment plant; (2) Best use of the existing and the tertiary 6-2 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Project city Alternative Description Alternative comparison Advantage Disadvantage (2)Interceptors; reuse pipeline; treatment plant, or (3)Upgrading of existing (3) Cost saving and need remote control reuse pipeline minimized land system which is acquisition and difficult to operate. resettlement. Altemative 2 (1) Interceptor; (1) One team is needed to (I) More land (2) New reuse pipeline maintain the WwTP; occupation; (3) Pumping station (2) More adverse impact to immediate communities. Panjin Alternative I (I) Interceptor along the (I) Along down the ground (1) Plants will be (recommende south bank of Liuli gradient; damaged due to d) River; (2) Least quantity of work, interceptor works. (2) Interceptor along the (3) The existing sewerage north bank of network will be Shuangtaizi River; effectively utilized; (3) Two interceptors (4) Avoid structure confluence at the crossing; Shuangtaizi River Gate (5) Interceptor is along the from where one river bank; interceptor will head to (6) Few residents are the WwTP; affected. (4) A new PS at the confluence site; (5) Weijia PS upgrading. Alternative 2 (1) Construct interceptor (I) Along down the ground (1) The interceptor will along the north bank gradient; cross a plenty o of Shuangtaizi River, (2) Least quantity of work; structures; collecting the (3) The existing sewerage (2) Large amount o wastewater from the network will be resettlement will be south of Liuli River, effectively utilized; involved; the interceptor along (3) Larger amount o the south bank of Liuli capital will be spent River will be canceled; compared with (2) Upgrade the entire alternative 1. existing sewerage_ 6-3 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide Project city Alternative Description Alternative comparison Advantage Disadvantage network. Fuxin Alternative I (1) Intercept 32 outfalls (1) Intercept all outfalls , (1) The plants will be (recommende along the interceptor; improving the damaged by d) (2) Interceptor along environment; excavation work. Jiuyingzi River; (2) Interceptor along down (3) Interceptor along Xl the ground gradient; River; (3) Comply with the urban (4) Interceptor from the sewerage planning; confluence point o (4) Comply with the Jiuyingzi River requirements that interceptor and Xi wastewater pipeline River interceptor should be constructed heading to the WwTP. along water body and river bank; (5) Interceptor will be constructed under the road along the river bank, will not affect the bank's safety. Alternative 2 (1) Interceptor along the (1) Capital will be saved; (I) Can not collect all of banks of XI River; (2) Interceptor along down the wastewater from (2) Interceptor along the ground gradient; the urban area; Jiuyingzi River will be (3) Comply with the (2) Plants will be cancelled. requirements that damaged due to wastewater pipeline excavation work. should be constructed along water body and river bank: Jinzhou Alternative I (1) Interceptor under (I) Length of interceptor is (1) The sewerage system ETDZ (recommende Jinyang Road; shorter than that of is incomplete than d) (2) Interceptor under alternative 2; alternative 2; Donghai Street and (2) Gravity flow in most (2) Need to build PS. Zhongshan Road; cases,; (3) Interceptor under (3) All wastewater will be Shaoyang Road; intercepted eliminating (4) Interceptor under wastewater direct 6-4 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Project city Alternative Description Alternative c mparison Advantage Disadvantage Shugang Street. discharge to the sea; (4) Marine environment and eco-system will be improved; (5) The deserted salt farming site will be used, no resettlement involved. Alternative 2 (1) Interceptor under (I) Complete sewerage (1) 9 km longer Shugang Street; system to cover the interception pipeline (2) Interception pipelines whole urban area; than alternative 1, under Nanhai Street, (2) Gravity flow, need only causing more capital Haiyang Street, Fuxin one PS; cost; Street, Chifeng Street, (3) All wastewater will be (2) More impacts on Panjin Street, and intercepted eliminating residential area and Zhenhai Street. wastewater direct plant cover. discharge to the sea; (4) Marine environment and eco-system will be improved. Yingkou Alternative I (1) One PS; (1) Sea discharge works is (1) Plants cover damage ETDZ (recommende (2) Pressure pipeline along completed one time off, by excavation work. d) the coast; reserving room for (3) Sea discharge pipe and future expansion; PS; (2) Reasonable arrangement (4) Sea discharge works of sewerage pipelines, with capacity o (3) Direct discharge o 200,000 t/d untreated wastewater will be eliminated; (4) 50% capital saving than alternative 2. Alternative 2 (1) One PS; (1) Sea discharge works is (1) Capital cost is 6.32 (2) Wastewater is completed one time off, million RMB more conveyed at gravity , reserving room for than alternative 1. one PS is to be built at future expansion; 6-5 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Project city Alternative Description Alternative comparison Advantage Disadvantage the cross point of (2) Reasonable arrangement Minjiang Road and of sewerage pipelines; Haibin Road; (3) Direct discharge of (3) Sea discharge pipe and untreated wastewater PS; will be eliminated; (4) Sea discharge works (4) 50% capital saving than with capacity o alternative 2. 200,000 t/d 6.2.2 Result of Comparison It can be seen from Table 6-1 that the common advantages of the Alternative I (recommended proposal) for each of the project component are: * Drainage of wastewater will become smooth; * The wastewater interception work will be completed one time off in this project based on the requirements of long-term planning; * Open canal for sewerage discharge will be converted into culvert box, eliminating widespread phenomenon of fly breeding, foul odor and wastewater overflow; * Capital cost for pipeline and pumping station will be saved to extent possible by design taking into account of natural conditions such as ground gradient. 6.3 Alternatives Comparison for Location of WwTP and Outfall 6.3.1 Selection of Site for WwTP In "The Regulations for Outdoor Drainage Design" (GBJ 14-87), it is stipulated that the location choices for proposed WwTPs must accord with the urban general plan and drainage project plan and be defined according to the following factors: * In the downstream part of the town; * At the leeward of the town with the lowest wind frequency in summer; * Good construction geological conditions and sufficient availability of land resource for future expansion; * Minimal farnland removal and occupation with certain sanitation protection distance; * Easier transportation, water and power supply; 6-6 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide * Convenient for wastewater and sludge disposal. Details for site selection see Table 6-2. Table 6-2 Comparison of Alternative Site Project city Alternative Description Comparison of alternatives Advantage Disadvantage (1) Shenyan (2) Alternative (3) WwTP site: Farm land of (8) Appropriate land (1) Plant cover will g 1 Xiaoyu Village is acquisition cost, no be damaged by (recommend proposed, growing simple resettlement; construction ed) and low economic value (9) Site is 500 m further activity; crops such as corn, no than alternative 2 to (2) Permanent green house involved. Yuliangpu Village occupation o (4) The site is bounded by Xi which is in leeward in farmland will River to the north, by Hun summer; affect the River to the south, by the (10)Xiaoyu is in not in the livelihood o farmland of Yuliangpu leeward; farmers. WwTP to the northeast. (I 1)Convenient (5) The site is 1200 m from transportation Yuliangpu Village which conditions; is the nearest (12) The bank of Hun River environmentally sensitive will not be affected. receptor. (6) Land occupation: 600,000 m2. (7) Outfall: locates at the north of WwTP, 50 m from Xi River. Alternative 2 (1) WwTP site: Farmland of (I) Convenient (1) 880 m bank o Yuliangpu Village is transportation Hun River is proposed, on which is conditions. included in the constructed with planty of site scope, there greenhouses growing high will be a need to economic value crops move the bank such as fruits, herbs and northward, vetitable. costing 3 million (2) Land occupation: 600,000 RMB; 6-7 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Project city Alternative Description Comparison of alternatives Advantage Disadvantage m2. (2) Permanent (3) Outfall: locates at the occupation of north of WwTP, 100 m farmland with from Xi River. output of high value crop will deprive farmers of valuable livelihood; (3) Yuliangpu Village is in leeward and quite near to the plant. (1) Fushun (2) Alternative (3) Tertiary Treatment Plant (4) No need for land (8) Separate I site: Existing tertiary acquisition; maintenance (recommend treatment facility for (5) Existing reuse pipeline team is needed; ed) Industrial use will be used; (6) Minimized adverse impact to immediate communities; (7) Large cost saving than Alternative 2. Alternative 2 (1) Tertiary Treatment Plant (1) Close monitoring and (I) Need for land site: Within the Sanbaotun instant control under acquisition, WwTP one team operation. causing large cost and impact; Panjin Alternative I (I) WwTP site: Downstream (I) Comply with the (I) Outfall is 200 m (recommended) of Shuangtaizi River, east requirement of further than to Raocheng Road, 6 km long-term range plan; alternative 2; from downtown. (2) At the end of Sewerage (2) Land acquisition (2) Land occupation: 120,000 system, higher involves paddy m2. elevation will enable field, causing (3) Outfall: locates at the gravity discharge of high cost. south of WwTP, 500 m treated effluent; from the receiving water (3) Far from residential 6-8 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Project city Alternative Description Comparison of aternatives Advantage Disadvantage body. area, all potential environmentally sensitive spots are not in the leeward of wind in summer; (4) Shorter wastewater interception pipeline and effluent reuse pipeline than alternative 2; (5) 5 km from the sludge disposal site, not cross residential area. Alternative 2 (1) WwTP site: Downstream (I) Comply with the (1) Interceptor is I of Shuangtaizi River, west requirement o km longer than to Raocheng Road, 6 km long-term range plan; alternative 1; from downtown. (2) At the end of sewerage (2) Longer effluent (2) Land occupation: 120,000 system, higher reuse pipeline; m2. elevation will enable (3) The adjacent oil (3) Outfall: locates at the gravity discharge o derrick will be south of WwTP, 300 m treated effluent; removed. from the receiving water (3) Far from residential (4) Only 300 m from body. area, all potential the flooding environmentally prevention bank; sensitive spots are not (5) Near to in the leeward of wind residential area, in summer; about 2 km. (4) Outfall location is 200 m shorter than alternative I; (5) 5 km from the sludge disposal site, not cross residential area. Fuxin Alternative I (1) WwTP site: at a (1) Downstream o (I) A few residents (recommended) coal-cleaning yard which sewerage system at will be impacted; is to be closed in October lowest gradient. (2) A few electricity 6-9 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Project city Alternative Description Comparison of alternatives Advantage Disadvantage 2001 for economic convenient for poles on the site; reason. wastewater collection; (3) Small area of (2) Land occupation: 120,000 (2) Adjacent to Xi River; forest and m2; (3) Sufficient land farmland will be (3) Outfall: Locates at the resource for future acquired, unit west of WwTP, 100 m upgrading; cost is RMB 50 from Xi River which is (4) Far from urban area, thousand /mu; the receiving water body. little impact on urban (4) Foul odor will development; affect the (5) Adequate facilities for residents nearby; transportation, water (5) Plant cover will and power supply. be damaged by construction ______ ______ ______ _____ activity. Alternative 2 (1) WwTP site: Adjacent to (1) Downstream of (I) Plenty of Xindi Village. sewerage system at electricity poles (2) Land occupation: 120,000 lowest gradient, on site will be m2. convenient for removed, (3) Outfall: Locates at the wastewater collection; causing high west of WwTP, 100 m (2) Adjacent to Xi River; cost; from Xi River which is (3) Sufficient land (2) The site is paddy the receiving water body. resource for future field needs to be upgrading; acquired, unit (4) Far from urban area, cost is RMB 70 little impact on urban thousand/mu. development; (5) Adequate facilities for transportation, water and power supply. Jinzhou Alternative I (1) WwTP site: At Xihaikou (I) At the end of sewerage (1) Need to build ETDZ (recommended) Village at the Xiaoling system; sea discharge estuary of the Bohai Sea. (2) The treated effluent pipeline, (2) Land occupation: 30,000 could be discharged to increasing capital m2. the sea; cost; (3) Outfall: At the west of (3) Higher elevation (2) The site is far WwTP, treated effluent enables gravity from the built-up 6-10 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Project city Alternative Description Comparison of alternatives Advantage Disadvantage will be discharged to the discharge of treated area of the sea classified as Category effluent, no need for Development IV sea zone via a 2 km PS; Zone, causing sea discharge pipeline. (4) No residential area longer pipeline nearby; to be built. (5) Only disserted salt farm is used for the _ _ _WWTP. Alternative 2 (1) WwTP site: At the (1) At the end of sewerage (1) Much more land northwest of the gate o system; acquisition and Jinzhou Harbor. (2) No need for sea resettlement; (2) Land occupation: 30 discharge pipeline; (2) Plant site is thousand m2. (3) The outfall is nearer to adjacent to (3) Outfall: Treated effluent the Category IV sea residential area will be transferred via a I zone than alternative 1. with large foul km pipeline to be odor impact. constructed in this project to the existing outfall o Jinzhou Harbor which direct discharge to the sea via Yingkou Alternative 1 (1) WwTP site: At (1) Comply with (I) Plant cover ill be ETDZ (recommended) Xianrendao, north o requirement o damaged by Hongmei River, 700 m long-term drainage construction south to the recreational plan; activity; site of Yueya Bay. (2) At the end of sewerage (2) Large amount o (2) Land occupation: 60,000 system, existing outfall resettlement; m2. will be intercepted; (3) Outfall: Treated effluent (3) Downstream of water will be discharged via a supply resources; 2584 m sea discharge (4) No residential area in pipeline to the sea. the leeward of wind in summer; (5) Much shorter length o rising main than alternative 2. 6-11 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Project city Alternative Description Comparison of aternatives Advantage Disadvantage Alternative 2 (1) WwTP site: At (1) 7 km rising main to (1) At the urban Beibuhaixing, to the north transfer wastewater to development of the harbor. the plant; area; (2) Land occupation: 60,000 (2) Little resettlement; (2) A mountain m2. (3) Shorter sea discharge between the (3) Outfall: Treated effluent pipeline. service area and will be discharged via 7 the plant makes km sea discharge pipeline interception and to the sea. transfer of wastewater much more difficult. 6.4 Alternative Wastewater Treatment 6.4.1 Treated Effluent Requirement Wastewater treatment within the Liao River Basin is to be provided to ensure substantial improvement in water quality of the principal river systems within the basin. The long-term objective is to ensure a seasonal compliance with the Class V Water Quality Objective consistent with the beneficial use of the river water due to very limited dilution in low flow. The principal direct use of river water in the Liao River Basin is for irrigation in agriculture. There is little direct use of river water for municipal water supply but there is a considerable use of groundwater for potable water supply in the project cities. The priorities for wastewater treatment in the river basin have therefore been taken as the removal of pollutants that impact adversely upon groundwater quality. The most critical pollutant has been taken as organic matter (expressed in terms of COD) such that the vadose zone remains fully aerobic. Ammoniacal nitrogen is also potentially significant in this context but is considered a lower priority than COD. In the short to medium term, the primary wastewater treatment objective focuses on the removal of COD throughout the River Basin with no consideration to ammonia removal. In the long term, facilities may be required to provide for flexible nitrogen removal with a view to moving towards greater compliance with Class V River Water Quality Requirements. Specific requirements for wastewater treatment in the short to medium term have been developed by 6-12 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide the WRM project under the LIEP through the use of a simple water quality model based upon compliance with the Class V Water Quality Objective for COD under river flow conditions consistent with the 75 percentile flow in April. Water quality modeling has shown that it will be necessary to adopt a COD standard of 100 mg/l for all municipal wastewater treatment plant discharges. The standard is consistent with the Liaoning Provincial standard for municipal facilities but more stringent than the Chinese National standards. However, whilst the provision and effective operation of the wastewater treatment facilities for the project cities will make a major improvement in the basin water quality, it will not be totally effective in achieving the Class V target for COD. In order to attain the desired Class V requirements with increased coverage, it will also be necessary to provide treatment of municipal wastewater to the same level for all of the cities in the Liao River Basin and all of the major industries which discharge directly to the rivers. Even at this level of treatment, there may be stretches of Hun River (downstream of Shenyang) and the Taizi River (downstream of Benxi and Liaoyang/Anshan) where the water Quality Objective can not be met due to lack of dilution. 6.4.2 Principle for Design of Treatment Process The design approach for this project is developed taking into consideration both the short term (COD removal) and possible long-term (nitrification/denitrification) requirements such that minimal plant modification would be required at the same time of plant upgrading. The principal drivers in the selection of the most suitable wastewater treatment process are that the system must be: * Able to produce a treated wastewater that complies with the required wastewater discharge standards ( i.e. short-term 100 mg/l COD, and potential long-term 2 mg/l NH3N and 10 mg/I TIN); * Designed on the basis of design parameters that appropriate in respect of local conditions such as climate and wastewater composition and treatability; Proven in operation at or close to the scale proposed; Capable of being provided by a sufficient number of suppliers so as to support effective competitive bidding; * Representative of the least cost option taking into account capital, operating and land costs; In addition, the disposal of residuals (sludge) generated in the process must be: * Environmentally acceptable; * Suitable in terms of resource requirements (e.g. That there is sufficient landfill capacity to accept the sludge or that there are demonstrated secure market for sludge or compost for which sales are proposed); The least cost solution consistent with environmental and sustainability requirements. 6-13 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide 6.4.3 Selection of Wastewater Treatment Process Based on the property of influent and effluent requirement, two alternatives are proposed for selection: * Alternative 1-Conventional activated sludge bio-chemical treatment process; * Alternative 2-Subsequential Batching Reaction; 1) Description of the Process Conventional activated sludge bio-chemical treatment process Conventional activated sludge process has long a history of application worldwide. It uses microorganism to decompose organic matters in sewerage. The process is: influent - coarse screen - inlet pump - fine screen - degrittor - PST - Bio-reactor - FST. The sludge will be thickened and dewatered, and sludge cakes will be disposed to landfill. It can remove COD by more than 80%, BOD by 90 - 95%, SS by 90 - 95%, N by 30 - 50% and P by 80%. Refer to Fig. 6-1 for process diagram. Sequential Batching Reaction SBR is similar to the conventional activated sludge process in primary treatment of sewer and sludge treatment. There are no surplus sludge pumps installed in bio-reactors for SBR process, which has many rectangular cells. Settlement tanks and return sludge system are unnecessary. Refer to Figure 6-2 for process diagram. Figure 6-2 Process flow diagram for SBR wastewater treatment scheme Municip~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Coa&D SBRLO Reco I I I I I I I I ~ ~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~I rit Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide 6.4.4 Comparison between the two Options Technical and economic comparisons between the conventional activated sludge and UNITANK process are listed in Table 6-3 below. Table 6-3 Comparison between Treatment Process Options Index Conventional Activated Sludge Process SBR Process Long history, simple, meet requirements Advanced, meet requirements COD COD < 120 mg/l COD < 120 mg/l BOD BOD < 20 mg/I BOD < 30 mg/l SS SS< 25 mg/l SS < 30 mg/l TN TN < 30 - 50% TN < 60% PN TP < 50% TP < 80% Anti-peak load Very good Good Surplus sludge A little Little Suitability Industrial and municipal sewer Industrial and municipal sewer Operation Can be computerized Can be computerized Power (kW) 1900 2200 Land requirement (hector) 8.5 7.3 Investment 191 208 (RMB million) Operation cost 0.64 0.65 (Y/m3 sewer) Staff 87 76 * Stable operation and consistent * High tech level, strong capacity effluent quality, successful achievement against shocking load, and N, P Advantage at large scale worldwide removal * Sludge is stable * Small footprint 6-15 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin [Fide Index Conventional Activated Sludge Process SBR . Strong capacity against shocking load . Operation at consistent water . Low cost of O&M level * Could be computerized for . Could be computerized for management management . It is a proprietary process * Short life of fine diffuser . Less evidence to prove its Disadvantage . Noise of air blower operation at large scale . A bit low capacity for N and P removal . Large investment both in construction and operation It can be seen from above table that the conventional activated sludge process is technically and economically viable which has been proven worldwide for many years. Based on the experience of operation in harsh climate and the uniform process design prepared by DRA Consultant, the conventional activated sludge process is recommended for this project. In addition, SBR is a patented process and proprietary to a company, which developed it. As a result, SBR process would not allow an international competitive bid in the tendering process intended during project implementation. 6.5 Alternatives for Industrial Wastewater Reduction and Water Re-use Increase of water tariff for industry Advantage: Force the industries to use water more effectively through a series of technical rennovation or even production shift; Disadvantage: The cost of production and the investment for renovation will be high, which cause weak competitiveness. Pollution credit of industries Advantage: The industry who treat more internal wastewater and achieve higher quality than the standard would get higher credit of pollution. The pollution credit is allowed to be traded between the cleaner industry and relative dirty industry, which will pay financial incentive to the industries to treat wastewater to high standard at source. Disadvantage: The cost will be high and the overtreatment of industrial wastewater will leave difficulty to municipal wastewater treatment facilities. Law enforcement to shut down or shift the polluting industry to cleaner industry Advantage: The industrial wastewater will be eliminated or minimized at source. Disadvantage: The social employment will be weakened. 6.6 Alternatives for Sludge Disposal and Site Location 6-16 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide 6.6.1 Comparison for Sludge Disposal Process One challenge facing these WwTPs is how to dispose of the sludge in an environmentally acceptable and financially sustainable manner. Two options have been proposed based on the sludge quantity, existing solid waste management system and natural condition, in which sanitary landfill for Shenyang, Fushun, Fuxin, Yingkou ETDZ and Jinzhou ETDZ, and composting for Panjin. Comparison of the options is listed in Table 6-4 below. Table 6-4 Comparison of Sludge Disposal Options Option Advantage Disadvantage * Land resource available for landfill is more difficult; * Has history of more than * haul distance is long; 40 years * Leachate may pollute groundwater if control measure not Landfill * Widely applied in EU and proper; China * The proportion of sludge disposal by landfill is falling down. * Beneficial use of sludge, * Heavy metal, odor and pathogen would harm the saving land resource; environment and end user of plant, however by careful * 30% Of sludge has been design and management which not allow the sludge to be beneficially utilized in EU; applied in food chain or edible plant when the heavy Composting * 65 years history in USA metal a little bit exceed the standard or at agronomic rate has proven its technical when the heavy metal is lower than the threshold would and environmental avoid or minimize the adverse impact viability; * The market for composting may be developed by * Also used in China. carefully designed program. 6.6.2 Selection of Sludge Disposal Site and Hauling Route Table 6-5 Presents the details for comparison of sludge disposal site and hauling route: Table 6-5 Comparison of Sludge Disposal Site and Hauling Route Project Alternative Description Comparison of alternative city Advantage Disadvantage Shenyang Alternative I (1) Landfill: (1) This landfill has been (1) Long hauling (recommended) (2) Location: Laohuchong completed with phase distance; Sanitary Landfill one; (2) Hauling route will Facility; (2) It is engineered and well pass a busy 6-17 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Project Alternative Description Comparison of alternative city Advantage Disadvantage (3) Footprint: 0.95 M m2; controlled landfill with highway which (4) Capacity: 750 t/d in lining, leachate collection need watertight phase one, and and treatment facilities; truck. additional 750 t/d in (3) The hauling toute avoids phase two; crossing residential area; (5) Service life: 25 years; Management of the landfill (6) Hauling route: Shenliao has agreed to accept all of the Road-South Second sludge. Ring Road-Shendan Road; (7) Hauling distance: 32 km; (8) Hauling time: 75 minutes (one way trip) Alternative 2 (1) Landfill: (1) Larger capacity; (I) Longer hauling (2) Location: Zhaojiagou (2) It is engineered and well distance; Landfill Facility; controlled landfill with (2) Hauling route will (3) Footprint: 0.22 M m2; lining, leachate collection cross residential (4) Capacity: 1000 t/d; and treatment facilities. area; (5) Hauling route: Shenliao (3) Need watertight Road-South Second truck. Ring Road; (6) Hauling distance: 40 km; (7) Hauling time: 90 minutes (one way trip) Panjin Alternative I (1) Composting: (1) Sludge can be used as (1) Market risk and (recommended) (2) Location: Sludge beneficial resource seasonal composting facility in without significant flocculation of Shangfang Village; environmental impact; demand; (3) Footprint: 10 k i2; (2) Short hauling distance; (2) Retention and (4) Capacity: 1600 t (for (3) Reasonable hauling route; lining structure 20-day sludge (4) There is nothing but should be built to generation); farmland around the retain excess (5) Hauling route: Rural facility; sludge on site. road; (5) The compost could be 6-18 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide Project Alternative Description Comparison of a ternative city Advantage Disadvantage (6) Hauling distance: 5 km; used as soil conditioner to improve local land which is intruded by saline; (6) Financial return will come _______________________ as sale. Alternative 2 (1) Incineration: (I) There is a margin for (1) The sludge is (2) Location: Municipal sludge incineration; difficult to incinerator in Shangfang (2) There is nothing but combust due to Village; farmland around the low calorific 2 (3) Footprint: 6600 m ; facility; value; (4) Capacity: 300 t/d; (3) Short hauling distance; (2) There is no flue (5) Hauling route: Rural (4) Reasonable hauling route gas control or trap road; without disturbing device; (6) Hauling distance: 5 km; residential and busy road. High operating cost. Fuxin Alternative I (1) Landfill: (1) The sanitary landfill (1) Long hauling (recommended) (2) Location: Municipal facility is under distance. sanitary landfill facility construction and is in the north of Fuxin expected to be available city; before commissioning of (3) Footprint: 0.45 M m2; the WwTP; (4) Capacity: 4.51 M m3; (2) The landfill is well (5) Service life: 30 years; engineered with lining, (6) Hauling route: Outer leachate collection and ring road-101 country treatment facilities; road; (3) Landfill site is far away (7) Hauling distance: 36 from residential area; km. Hauling route will not pass residential area or busy road. Alternative 2 (1) Monofill: (I) Short hauling distance; (I) The monofill fill (2) Location: Southwest to (2) There is no site will cost 30 the WwTP; environmentally sensitive million RMB. (3) Footprint: 100,000 M2; spots around the site; (4) Capacity: 100 t/d; (3) Hauling route wvill not (5) Service life: 20 years; pass residential area or (6) Hauling distance: I km; busy road. 6-19 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide Project Alternative Description Comparison of a ternative city Advantage Disadvantage (7) Hauling route: rural road. Jinzhou Alternative I (1) Sanitary Landfill: (1) The management of the (1) Longer hauling ETDZ (recommended) (2) Location: Nanshan facility has agreed to distance; Municipal Solid Waste accept the sludge; (2) Hauling route will Treatment Facility; (2) The landfill site is well cross urban area; (3) Capacity: 600 t/d for engineered with lining, Need to use watertight composting, leachate collection and truck. (4) 650 t/d for landfill; treatment facilities; (5) Hauling route: Jingang (3) Cost for construction of a Road; new monofill site is (6) Service life: 20 years; saved. (7) Hauling distance: 5 km; Alternative 2 (1) Sanitary monofill: (1) Short hauling distance; (1) The new monofill (2) Location: Adjacent to (2) The new sanitary monofill site will cost 10 M the WwTP; site will be constructed in RMB; (3) Capacity: 13 t/d; sync. With the WwTP; (2) The geological (4) Service life: 2 years; (3) The abandoned prawn condition is (5) Hauling route: Rural farm will be utilized to vulnerable to road. build the monofill site; flooding and (4) There is no saline intrusion; environmentally sensitive (3) Monofill of sludge spots around the site. is very difficult to operate due to high water volume of sludge; (4) Service life is very short to ensure economic and environmental sustainability; (5) High operation risk that the leachate is likely to pollute sea 6-20_________ N ov__ ____ ____ ____ ___ _____ ____w ater. 6-20 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide Project Alternative Description Comparison of aternative city Advantage Disadvantage Yingkou Altemative I (1) Sanitary monofill: (1) The monofill will be (1) Cost will be very ETDZ (recommended) (2) Location: Dongia available in 2004 with high at 10 million Valley in the east of the lining, leachate collection RMB to construct Zone; and treatment facilities; the sanitary (3) Footprint: 100,000 m2; (2) The geographical monofill; (4) Capacity: 100 t/d; condition allows for (2) Difficult to (5) Service life: 30 years; sufficient capacity to hold operate the (6) Hauling route: Beach the sludge. monofill of sludge Street; with high water (7) Hauling distance: 10 volume. km. Alternative 2 (1) landfill: (1) There is an existing (1) High capital cost (2) Location: Municipal management over the will be needed to Solid Waste Treatment landfill site; upgrade the Facility in the northeast (2) The geographical landfill site with of the Zone; condition allows for lining, leachate (3) Hauling route: Beach adequate volume to collection and Street; accept the sludge; treatment (4) Hauling distance: 9 km; (3) Landfill mixing sludge facilities; (5) Currently uncontrolled and solid waste at a (2) The site is near dumping. certain ratio will ease the inshore requiring operation; high standard control measures. 6.6.3 Result of Alternative Comparison for Sludge Disposal Throughout the alternative analysis and comparison, the sludge disposal proposals are determined as follows: * Shenyang: Co-disposal with municipal solid waste in Laohuchong Sanitary Landfill Facility. Its service life is long. The engineering facilities for leachate control available. * Panjin: Composting in an existing municipal solid waste treatment Facility. Because the level of groundwater is high, it is not available to build a landfill site. Sludge incineration would rise public concern about flue gas and the operating cost is staggering. There is a potential market for sludge compost using as soil conditioner to improve the land intruded by saline. 6-21 Novemher. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide * Fuxin: Co-disposal with municipal solid waste in a sanitary landfill site being constructed with proper leachate control on site. * Jinzhou ETDZ: Co-disposal with municipal solid waste in an existing sanitary landfill with proper leachate control on site. * Yingkou ETDZ: Co-disposal with municipal solid waste in an existing landfill site. But further capital investment is need to upgrade the landfill site into a sanitary landfill with proper leachate control on site. 6.7 No Project Alternative The regular surface water monitoring has shown a clear evidence of the serious nature of river pollution in the project area and the small urban corridor and streams conveying raw sewerage may be an even greater concern. Without the project, the environmental damage, biological degradation and economic loss will continue to be incurred within the basin and wastewater discharge direct into surface water body will increase. The situation will be further deteriorated as water use increases, as industrial and commercial activities grow and population expands. River quality will become even more poor when flows through city sections. The quality of life would deteriorate further at the time when expectations of higher standards of living are rising in parallel with growing incomes and increasing environmental awareness. 6-22 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide 7 Project Benefit 7.1 Water Environment Benefit of Liao River Basin The positive impact analysis of water environment in Liao River basin is based on the findings of WRM of the LIEP. (I) Water Oualitv Model The LIEP has developed a Steady State River Water Quality Model, which comprises of two parts: Water Balance and Pollution Load. The main study pollution indicator is COD, which is the main pollution load in Liao River basin. Liao River, Hun River, Taizi River, Daliao River and the outfalls along these rivers are involved in the model. The other branches, which have water resource and main outfalls, are also included in the study. (2) The Results of Water Oualitv Model According the Steady State River Water Quality Model, Fig.7-1 illustrates the existing situation of surface water quality in Liao River basin and Fig.7-2 to 7-4 show the forecasting results of surface water quality. Table 7-1 presents the forecasting results. Table 7-1 The Forecasting Results of Surface Water in Liao River Basin Year \ water Category III Category IV Category V Exceeding Category V quality 1998 Reservoirs: Caihe, Branches of east Hun River: from Others all (existing) Qinghe, Dahuofang, Liao River: Heping Bridge to Guanyinge and Bajiazi River and Qijianfang Tanghe Liu River Hun River: from Qianjianfang to Doling Bridge Taizi River: Shenwo Reservoir to Xiawangjia 2005 (to be in Daliao River: Upstream of Hun Taizi River: from Others all good) branches located in River, Suzi River, Xiawangjia to the upstream of Lishi River, Tang Gaojia Guanyinge Reservoir River and the East Liao River: and Tanghe Reservoir, upstream of east from Hongmiaozi Pu River Liao River to Panjin 2010 (to be in Upstream of good) Tongjiangkou of Liao Rlver 2025 (to be in Shuangtaizi River East Liao River: Others all good) East Liao River: from from Hongmiaozi Tongjiangkou to to Liu River Liu River Hun River: from Hun River: from Qijianfang to Qijianfang to the 7-1 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide Doling Bridge entry of Daliao Taizi River: from River Xiawangjia to Taizi River: from Xiaolinzi Xiaolinzi to Daliao River Table 7-1 and Fig. 7-1 and 7-4 illustrate that the surface water quality of Liao River basin is generally poor and the water quality of major rivers is exceeding Category V. The forecasting results of 2005 are similar with that of 2010. Th improvement of main rivers is not obvious. Hun River, east Liao River, Daliao River, Taizi River and Shuangtaizi River are exceeding Category V and fail to achieve the targets of Ninth Five-Year Plan and 2010 Programme for the Prevention and Cure of Liaohe River Valley. But up to 2025, except a few branches, the water quality in the whole basin will be improved obviously and satisfy the requirements of Category V. The results shown by the model presents that in order to achieve the targets of Ninth Five-Year Plan and 2010 Programme for the Prevention and Cure of Liaohe River Valley, it needs to strengthen the cure of industrial pollution resources, the harmless disposal of solid waste and the treatment of agricultural pollution resources. 7.2 Groundwater Resource Protection 7.2.1 The Pollution of Groundwater With the development of urban construction and economy, the discharge of domestic, industrial and agricultural wastewater polluted surface water. All the rivers within the scope of Second Liao River Basin Project exceed Category V. The groundwater within the scope of the project is recharged by surface water. The polluted groundwater resources are distributed near the contaminated rivers. For example, there are 53 wells in Shenyang along Hun River, but 73.6% of these wells fail to meet the requirements of state-level Drinking Water Quality Standard. The concentration of COD is over 1mg/I (1.0-2.6mg/1). Fig. 7-2-1 presents that the seriously polluted groundwater resources are distributed along the two sides of Hun River. The environment assessment results of Shenyang West Wastewater Treatment Plant illustrates the situation of groundwater pollution caused by contaminated rivers. Two monitoring points (one day, twice) were established at the well of Xiaoyu Village and Liguanpu Water resource, which are located at the bank of Xi River. The monitored indictors are: pH, chloride, volatile phenol, Mno4, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia,, Pb, Hg, Cr+6, As, Cu, Zn, Cd, total bacterium and colon bacillus. Table 7-2 presents the results of monitoring. 7-2 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide Table 7-2 Monitoring Results locati pH chlori volati MnO nitrat nitrit amm Pb Hg Cr+ As Cu Zn Cd total colon on de le 4 e e onia bact bacillu phen eriu s ol m __ Ligua 6.4 37.4 0.001 1.9 0.33 0.049 0.94 0/.2 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.005 0.002 0.00 1 9 230 npu 6.4 29.1 0.001 1.3 0.33 0.044 1.00 0.02 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.005 0.002 0.000 10 230 Xiao6.3 61.0 0.01 7 01 0 0 01° Xiao 6.3 61.0 0.001 0.8 5.34 0.005 ~0.52 0.02 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.005 0.002 0.000 3 3 Yu 01 _ Villa 6.3 60.1 0.001 0.9 3.58 0.019 0.49 0.02 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.005 0.002 0.000 3 3 ge _ ___ _ _ _ __ _7 _ Stand 6.5-8. <250 <0.00 <3.0 <20 <0.00 <0.2 <0.05 <0.00 <0.05 <0.05 <1.0 <1.0 <0.00 <10 c3 ard 5 2 2 I 1 0 note: the executive standard refers to GHZB 1-1999 III. The table presents clearly that the pollution of Liguanpu Water Reaource and the well located at Xiayu Village is very serious. The ammonia in Liguanpu Water resource is as mush as 4 times of the standard and the colon bacillus is as much as 75 times of the standard. The ammonia in the well of Xiaoyu Village is as much as 1.45 times of the standard. 7.2.2 Benefit of Groundwater Improvement The municipal wastewater treatment project produces a series of benefits. The domestic and industrial wastewater will be intercepted and the drainage network will be upgraded. The discharge of pollutant loads will be reduced. Without the project, the discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater without any treatment causes the serious pollution of Xi River within Shenyang, Shuangtaizi river within Panjin, Xi River within Fuxi and Bohai Bay within Jinzhou and Yingkou development zones. But because of the implementation of the project, this kind of situation will be changed and the quality of the surface water within the scope of project will be improved. At the same time, the groundwater quality will be protected and improved. Such as the Xi River within Shenyang, at present, the CODcr in the section of Xiaoyu Village is 240mg/I. It is a wastewater accepting ditch, which polluted groundwater at the two sides of Xi River seriously. But after the implementation of the project (to 2025), the forecasted CODC, is 89mg/l. The quality of groundwater along Hun River and Xi River will be improved. The project also upgrades the sewerage network and reduces the leakage. With less leakage, the pollution of groundwater will be reduced, too. 7.3 Ecological Benefits 7.3.1 The Recovery of Fishery Because of overmuch fishing and the impact of economic activities in the basin, the fishery resources in the north of Bohai Sea is reduced largely. The main reasons are as following: the increasing of land activities and the discharge of pollutant loads 7-3 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide * overmuch fishing. Since 1991, the increment of fishing has been over 40%. * The impact of diseases on the acquaculture. The product of acquaculture has been reduced largely because of the impact of diseases. * The discharge of pollutants such as ammonia and phosphorus with acquacultural wastewater cause the eutrophication of sea. (a) The Environment of Liaodonv Bay With the development of economy in the basin, the pollutant loads discharged into Liaodong Bay are increased largely. The environment of Bohai Sea is worsened. The study report points out that because of the pollution caused by the discharge of domestic, industrial and agricultural wastewater, the concentration of pollutants such as ammonia, phosphorus, COD and heavy metals are increasing. Mariculture (prawn farms in a large scale) affects the around sea area, especially Liaodong Bay greatly. From June to August,1997, Marifishery Research Institute performed a survey on the environment of the estuary of Daliao River ( within project). Table 7-3 presents the situation of water quality. Table 7-3 The Water Quality of the Estuary of Daliao River te 7/06 2/07 9/07 16/07 23/07 30/07 6/08 13/08 Average Item __ _ _ _ T 22.5 26.0 26.0 24.5 226 23.5 25.0 26.5 25.0 DO 11.89 11.45 8.04 8.39 6.65 6.65 3.85 11.02 8.49 pH 8.7 8.9 8.1 8.3 8.7 8.4 8.6 8.4 8.5 COD 5.18 3.5 3.15 4.02 2.89 2.62 2.89 3.15 3.43 NH4-N 0.062 0.056 0.105 0.029 N02-N 0.038 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.016 0.006 0.014 0.011 N03-N 0.032 1 1 1 _ X _ 0.014 0.027 0.004 0.009 P04-P 0.111 0.035 0.034 0.043 1 0.039 0.025 0.036 (b) Impact analysis of ocean species and fishery resources by the proposed projeCt It is anticipated that the pollution load from Panjin, Jinzhou and Yingkou to Liaodong Bay will be significantly reduced by the project. The pollution load change in Liaodong Bay before and after project is shown in Table 7-4. Table 7-4 Trace elements and microorganism pollutant accumulated in crustaceans Unit: mg/kg wet weight Project City 6 PAH(10-6) |DDT(10-9) |PCB(10') |Hg(1) Cd(106) | b -) As(l1 l 3.34 0.9557 2.3422 0.018 0.42 0.28 0.197 Panjin 5.11 0.2940 0.3154 0.46 7.32 0.11 0.416 52.3 0.0984 0.2519 0.116 4.22 0.12 0.622 Jinzhou 26.8 0.1753 -_0.061 1.82 0.28 0.656 80.5 2.1639 4.0361 0.090 1.61 0.34 0.416 12.6 3.6499 1.9822 0.066 1.99 0.03 0.325 Yingkou 5.54 1.1045 1.4129 0.016 1.08 0.03 0.316 Yingkou 11.6 0.6598 1.3227 0.017 2.35 0.17 0.299 74 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide It is seen from Table 7-4 that this project will contribute positive impact on ocean species and fishery resources by reducing pollution load. (c) Investigation and analysis of prawn farm pollution Prawn farm has enjoyed a prime time since mid 1980s. Outdated technique has resulted in heavy pollution. Large amount NPK fertilizer and nutrient has been applied in prawn pool to increase regeneration of phytoplankton on which the prawn feed. All of the wastewater from the prawn pool was discharged into the sea without any form of treatment. The extent to which the wastewater from prawn pool impact on Bohai Sea is decided by several factors such as water exchange, fertilizer application rate, cultivation quantity and cycle. Although it is impossible to quantify these factors attributable to pollution, the N, P and COD load from prawn pool and prawn pool development can provide an indication of pollution extent and tendency. Details see Table 7-5 and 7-6. Table 7-5 Prawn pool Development Unit: mu Year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Sea zone __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ Panjin 45778 18282 22814 27569 23523 28258 30522 27132 30441 Jinzhou 65840 54265 68025 58120 22770 81000 81422 85000 68100 Yingkou 19300 63210 61490 3520 23380 61640 27260 74900 78000 Total area 130918 135757 152329 89209 69670 170898 139204 187032 176541 Table 7-6 Pollution load from prawn pool Unit: t/a Year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Pollutant I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ N 1440.1 1493.33 1675.62 981.3 766.40 1879.88 1531.24 2057.35 1941.95 P 680.77 765.94 792.11 463.88 362.29 888.67 723.87 972.56 918.01 COD 1701.93 1764.84 1980.27 1159.71 905.74 2221.67 1809.65 2431.42 2295.03 It can be seen from Table 7-5 and 7-6, the total area of prawn pool in Liaodong Bay at present is 176,541 mu. Although some of these pools have been abandoned for viral disease, shellfish and finfish cultivation occupied these pools. The water exchange rate is over 10% of each prawn pool. The potential impact on Liaodong Bay by prawn pool wastewater could be derived based on wastewater constituents, with reference of study by Ocean Fishery Bureau of East Sea, PRC. The calculated potential pollution load is: from April to September 1999, N was 1941.95 ton, P was 918.01 ton and COD was 2295.03 ton. It is clear that the pollution load from prawn pools was higher than that from Daliao and Liao River by 9% in terms of TN in the same period of six months. (d) Impact on ocean species and fishery resources by eutrophication and red tide The findings of investigation show that the bio-diversity in the Sea has changed dramatically from 7.5 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide 1982 to 1992. The depleted fish stock in near-shore has caused fish catching activity to divert to deep sea. Fish stock depletion is caused not only by overfishing but also by water pollution. The total fishery resources available have declined by 27%, fish resource declined by 29% and sustainable resource declined from 130,000 ton to 95,000 ton during the ten years. The fish catching capacity has increased by 40% and seawater quality has been deteriorated, which put significant pressure on fishery resources. Fish catching has reach the bottom tropical area. It is understood that red tide has taken heavy toll on fishery and ocean bio-diversity. For an instance, the direct and indirect economic losses caused by the red tide during Aug. 18 and Sept. 19 was amounting to 560 million RMB. It is noticeable that Liaodong Bay is a valuable pawn and nursery site for many species such as jellyfish, prawn and crab. Control of water pollution in Liaodong Bay is vital to the ocean resources protection. The existing data presents that there are several reasons caused reduction fishery resources in Liaodong Bay, such as environmental elements (including the impact of pollutants) and the pressure of fishery. But the impact degree of these elements cannot be confirmed now. According the estimation of Fishery Bureau, the environmental elements account for more than 50%. Also the " self pollution" is an very important element of the impact. 7.3.2 Impact Analysis of Ocean Species and Fishery Resources It is anticipated that the pollution load from Panjin, Jinzhou and Yingkou to Liaodong Bay will be significantly reduced by the project. The pollution load change in Liaodong Bay before and after project is shown in Table 7-7. Table 7-7 Pollution load change in Liaodong Bay Before and After Project Befproject After roect N p COD N P CODc. Shenyang 5840 734 70262.5 1752 292 14600 Panjin 1460 183.5 18980 438 73 1825 Fuxin 1460 183.5 18980 438 73 3650 Jinzhou ETDZ 292 36.7 2482 87.6 14.6 730 Yingkou ETDZ 730 91.8 7300 219 36.5 1825 Total load in 9782 1229.5 1180004.5 2934.6 489.1 22630 Liaodong Bay Reduction rate (%) 0 0 0 70 60 80 It is seen from Table 7-7 that this project will contribute positive impact on ocean species and fishery resources by reducing pollution load. 7.3.3 The Positive Benefits on Surface Water (a) The Improvement of Surface Water 7-6 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide The receiving rivers are locaed in Shenyang, Fuxin and Panjin. Table 7-8 presents the improvement of surface water in these three project cities. Table 7-8 The Improvement of Surface Water in the Three Project Cities city river section existing forecasted reduction rate standard concentration concentration (mgAI) (%) Shenyang Xi River 240 89 63 CODc, Fuxin Xi River 50-91 27 76 40mg/1 Panjin Shuangtaizi River 63.1 28.91 54.18 GHZB 1-1999 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C ateg o ry V (b) The Positive Benefit of Water Ecology Xi River within Shenyang, Shuangtaizi River within Panjin and Xi River within Fuxin receive a great amount of domestic and industrial wastewater. The serious pollution load make the rivers lose their ability of self-purification. The riversare polluted and exceed Category V. All the aquatic species are disappeared. In the water system, most of aquatic species are sensitive to the pollution of water. Although there are a few species can bear a certain degree of pollutin, with the worsening of pollution, they will be disappeared, too. With the reduction and elimination of pollution, these species will appear again. 7.3.4 Investigation and Impact Assessment of the Wetland at the Estuary of Shuangtaizi River (1) General Status of the Wetland The Shuangtaizi River is located the downstream section of Liao River. The river enters Bohai Sea at Panshan County of Panjin City. Historically, the estuary area has been a biologically valuable zone. In 1996, with the approval of the State Council, the area has been appointed as Shuangtaizi Natural Protection Zone (national level), covering an area of 800 km2, 30 km from Panjin City. Within the area of the Natural Protection Zone, wetland along both sides of Shuangtaizi River covers half of the total area. The wetland is formed by the alluvial stuff of river, land elevation is low. On the land surface, there is alluvial clay. The Figure 7-1 presents the geographical location of the protection zone and the wetland. There are about 321 kinds of wild animals, including 236 kinds of birds living in this area. In the migratory season, hundreds of thousands of bird flush into this area, which forms a wonderful scene. The wetland has special biological functions, including groundwater recharge, flood control, nutrient retention and transformation, water purification and so on. In particular, it's an appropriate place for the wild animals, especially, a habitat or a rest place for migratory birds. 7-7 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide Moreover, the wetland has extensive growth of reeds. In winter, when birds migrate out, the withered reed could be used for papermaking. These reeds have some important biological functions, such as preventing wind and flooding, improving environment and soil, purifying the water, preventing pollution and maintaining biological balance. The special landscape and biological function of the wetland have very important value for scientific research. It is an attractive place for the tourism of Panjin City. At the same time, it promotes the development of local service industry. It has been a new growth focus for local economy. The wetland is located in such an area where land biological system transit into marine biological system. It belongs to estuary biological system with high bio-productivity. The wetland is a natural, effective oxidation pool for wastewater treatment. (2) Relation between the Wetland Quality and the Contamination of Shuangtaizi River The wetland at the estuary of Shuangtaizi River is a very important reed and swamp wetland in China. It's also a significant wetland recorded in International Wetland Association. But since 1980s, with development of industry, agriculture and improvement of people's living condition, the flow of industrial and domestic wastewater has increased largely. The wastewater directly discharges into Liao River, which threatens the living environment and regeneration of wild animals. Especially the oil contamination due to exploration of Panjin Oil Field, has caused serious food shortage to the wild lives. As a result, the bird communities have reduced largely. In recent years, Panjin City, located at the downstream of Liao River Basin, has paid much attention on protection of biological environment. The municipality stick in the environmental policy that point-source treatment and centralized treatment of wastewater, pollution control and urban planning, short-term goal and long-term objective should be carried out under coordination. Now the treatment ratio of industrial wastewater has been increased to more than 80%. Because of too much backlog of municipal wastewater treatment, a lot of wastewater hasn't been treated effectively and still discharged into Shuangtaizi River directly. It contaminates the river and makes the quality of water exceed Category V standard. So the biological environment in the wetland is being threatened seriously. (3) The Impact on the Biomass in the Wet Land a. Reduction of veeitation coveraze Because of the development of agriculture and oil industry, the vegetable coverage has been reduced greatly. Water contamination is an important reason for the reduction of reed. The reeds polluted by wastewater dies early at the life cycle. At the same time, other plant species are reduced continuously. b. Reduction of wild animals 7-g November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide The water pollution greatly reduces the amount of wild animals migrating along the river and ditch. The result of statistics shows that the amount of Chinese Crab has been decreased. Originally, Tianjin Crab was one of the most common animals in the mouth of the river. But now because of the water pollution, the quantity of the crab is reduced largely in wetland swamp and salt swamp. Besides the crabs, the quantity of the wild animal and bird living in the inter-tidal zone and estuary has been decreased because of the impact of water pollution. (4) Impact on the Biological Function of the Wetland a. Impact on capacitv of water storage and flood control Because of the man's activities at the estuary of Shuangtaizi River, the area of the wetland has been reduced by about 50%. The function of water storage and flood control has become weak. At the same time, the suspended matter resulting from man's activity has increased; the wetland is clogged by the sediments. It weakens the capacity of water storage and flood control seriously. b. The Impact on bio-diversity The rich bio-diversity, which had existed for long time in the wetland, has been reduced because of man's activity. The wetland system becomes weaker. The species depending on the wetland are becoming fewer and fewer. According to the island biological geography philosophy, when the area of wetland is reduced by 50%, 25% of the species will be dead. Now it' s estimated that the existing bio-diversity in the wetland is only 75% of the original one. c. The Impact on the deeradation of nutrients When the wetland be developed to be paddy field, the pollutants in the river will contaminate the field. At the same time, because of the weakness of the wetland, the function of pollutant degradation is weakened. The polluted river water will go into the sea without being fully biodegraded. So the quality of biological environment is worsened. d. The Impact on bioloeical productivity Human activities and pollution at the estuary has changed water body quality and reduced the biomass of vegetation. The quantity of the microorganism transferring from the wetland to the river's estuary is reduced. This causes the disappearance of sea species fed solely by the microorganism. So the biological productivity is weakened. e. The Impact on birds With wetland decreasing, the habitat for birds is reduced correspondingly. 7-9 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide Man's activities and water pollution brought by that have large impact on the biological environment of the wetland. Therefore, reasonable development and river pollution control is quite significant to the improvement of the wetland's biological environment. (5) Environmental Impact Assessment after the Project The contribution of each proposed wastewater treatment component to the improvement of Shangtaizi River water has been discussed in above Chapter. Xinglongtai wastewater treatment project (in Liao River Basin Project) in Panjin City is one of the important steps to the water pollution prevention and abatement program in Liao River Basin. This project will be constructed in the upstream of Shuangtaizi River's estuary. It will mitigate pollution to Shuangtaizi River caused by municipal wastewater in Panjin City, which will in tum reduce the impact on wetland at Shuangtaizi estuary. After the construction of Xinglongtai wastewater treatment project, treatment capacity of which is 100,000 t/d, water quality in Pangxie Ditch as well as biologic environment along the river side will be greatly improved. With future step implementation and staged construction of water pollution prevention program, Phase II project (100,000 t/d treatment plant) is to be commenced, while municipal wastewater treatment in the upstream section will be carried out. The pollution mitigation in the upstream section will be more noticeable. The construction of the project, which is very important for protection of the wetland and natural protection area at the downstream of Shuangtaizi River, will play a significant role in the protection of wetland's natural resource, environment and biological system. 7.4 Public Health Benefit After the implementation of Second Liao River Basin Project, the surface water in the Project cities will be improved and the Category of surface water will be V. The pollution of groundwater caused by the recharge of contaminated surface water will be reduced. The groundwater along the rivers will be protected and improved. Such as the section of Xi River in Xiaoyu Village, a wastewater receiving ditch, of which the CODC, is 240mg/I presently, causes the serious pollution of groundwater along the two sides of the river. After the construction of the project, the CODc, will be 89mg/l. The quality of groundwater along the two sides of Xi River will be improved obviously. All the drinking water of Shenyanh, Panjin and Fuxin is from groundwater. So the quality of groundwater concems with the health of residents over there. After the implementation of this project, the quality of groundwater will be improved. One of the significant results of Second Liao River Basin Project is to get rid of the pollution source of the contamination of groundwater. And the quality of groundwater will be improved further with the treatment of industrial pollution sources. But it will take a long time to recover the quality of groundwater. At present, it is planned to dig deep wells to solve the problem of drinking water. According to the Ninth-Five Year Plan and 2010 Programme for the Cure and Prevention of Liaohe Valley Water Pollution, table 7-8 presents the beneficiary population of Second Liao River Basin Project on drinking water. 7-10 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wfide Table 7-8 The Beneficiary Population by the Improvement of Drinking Water Quality Shenyang Panjin Fuxin beneficiary population 8.01 26.9 10.5 (unit: 10000) number of deep wells 322 108 42 service population of 2500 2500 2500 each deep well 7.5 Red Tide Investigation and Analysis 7.5.1 Features, frequency, extent and time of red tide occurrence in Bobai Sea (I) Features The findings of study on statistics of red tide in Bohai Sea since 1980s have shown the features are: * Frequency is increasing by years, especially from 1986 and 1998. . The extent and duration is becoming larger and longer. *The inherent nature has changed. More toxic species has appeared which harm the cells of ocean lives without color change of seawater. . The red tide-prone area is adjacent to estuary and prawn farm where the nutrient is rich. (2) Frequency, extent and time The statistics of frequency of occurrence of the red tide is shown in Table 7-9. Clearly there are increasing red tide events in the Bohai sea. Table 7-9 Red Tide Frequency (recorded) Decade 1950s 1970s I 1980s J 1990s Frequency I 9 29 l 34 The red tide often at first takes place in estuary and prawn farm where the nutrient is rich and then extends to the central part of the Bohai Sea. From May to October each year the red tide often occurs and reaches climax in June through August. The most serious red tide recorded happened in the seawater near Xingcheng on August 24, 1998. Till September 18 the red tide extended to the east of Huludao City, where large extents of red tide joined. On October 15, the red tide reached the central part of Bohai Sea. In the climax the red tide covered an area of 13,308 km2 until vanished on October 19. This particular red tide event lasted almost two months. 7-11 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide 7.5.2 The Major Reason for Red Tide Formation The study on environmental motivation for red tide formation has shown: The fornation of red tide not only has direct relation with the quantity of nutrient but is closely subject to environmental trigger factors including physical, chemical, climatic factors and species. The appropriate ratio of nitrogen and phosphorous, which is believed to be 16:1 by many studies, is the best trigger for grown and regeneration of phytoplankton which in turn results in eutrofication in the sea. Some trace elements such as Fe, Mn, Vitamin B, and B12 are believed to be the other major trigger for abnormal grown of red tide species. The finding from several studies of red tide has also shown a close relation between red tide and climatic condition. Species responsible for the red tide in the Bohai sea include Noctiluca scintilla, Skeletonama Costatum, Ceratium fulcra, prorocentrum and minimum are believed to be the major red tide species. Noctiluca scintilla was the major red tide species in 1983 through 1991 in Bohai Sea, accounting for 32% of the total red tide species. The best environmental condition for Noctiluca scintilla growth is 24-30% salinity and 16-280C. The best environmental condition for Skeletonama Costatum and Ceratium furca growth is 20-26% salinity and 25-330C. The best environmental condition for prorocentrum and minimum growth is low salinity and rich nutrient 7.5.3 Nutrient sources for red tide (1) Nutrient sources for Bohai Sea The nutrient flowing into Bohai Sea is from industrial, municipal and agricultural wastewater, acquacultural field surface runoff and accidental discharges from various sources. Industrial, municipal and acquacultural discharges are believed to be the major source. Table 7-5-2 and 7-5-3 have shown the wastewater and pollutant load discharged into Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea from these major sources: Table 7-10 Wastewater volume discharged from varies sources into the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea Wastewater source Wastewater volume (108 Proportion (%) Industrial 17.3 13.7 Municipal 2.9 2.3 Acquicultural 106 84.0 Table 7-11 Pollutant load into Bohai Sea No.'X T Pollutant 7 NoLoad (t/a) 2 I COD 594855 2. Oil 28314| 7-12 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Repori-Basin Wide No. Pollutant Load (t/a) 3. Ammonia-N 25636 4. Sb 3942.18 5. Phenol 1842.6 6. Zn 598.8 7. Cyanide 137.28 8. Cr 78.86 9. Pb 74.00 10. Cu 82.75 11. Cd 30.49 12. Hg 17.10 It can be seen from Table 7-10 and 7-11 that acquaculture is the dominant source for nutrient for Bohai Sea. Prawn raising is the dominant acquacultural activity at present. The production cycle is 6 months. Each prawn farm exchanges 36,000 m3 water with the sea annually. The total area of prawn farm in Bohai Sea with Liaoning judicial control is 47200 mu (15 mu=l hectare), accounting for 42% of the total prawn farm area in Bohai Sea and north of Yellow Sea. According to the research done by Donghai Mariculture Bureau, the pollution loads of the wastewater from prawn farms are as following: in April-September, 1999, the ammonia is 1941.95t; the phosphorus is 981.01t and the COD is 2295.03t. So the pollution load discharged from prawn farms is equal or over 9% of TN load in Liao River Basin. 7.5.4 Benefit Analysis of Second Liao River Basin Project After the implementation of the project, the pollutants discharged into sea will be reduced largely. Table 7-12 presents the change of pollutant discharge. Table 7-12 The Change of Pollutant Discharge before and after Construction unit: t/a before project after project N P N P Shenyang 5840 734 175 292 Panjin 1460 183.5 438 73 Fuxin 1460 183.5 438 73 Jinzhou ETDZ 292 36.7 87.6 14.6 Yingkou ETDZ 730 9.8 219 36.5 total into Liaodong Bay 9782 1229.5 2934.6 489.1 reduction rate 0 0 70 60 this table shows that this project will improve the environmental quality of Liaodong sea area. The happening of red tide will be released and reduced. 7.6 Other Benefits Besides the above benefits, there are several other benefits. 7-13 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide (1) Improvement of Landscapes before the construction of this project, Xi River within Shenyang, Shuangtaizi River within Panjin and Xi River within Fuxin are exceeding Category V. These rivers smell terribly and the aquatic species are disappearred. There are little grass and trees along the rivers. Xi River and Hun River pass through Shengyang and Fuxin. The polluted rivers damage the landscapes of the cities and affect the sustainable development of the cities. Shenyang is a city with good tourism industry. At present, the municipacity is applying " the two tombs and one imperial palace" as World Cultural Heritage Protection project. And the city plans to develop the south bank of Hun River. The improvement of the river quality, the look of the city will be nicer, which will be helpful for the economy development of the city. (2) The Appreciation of Real Estate because of the pollution of the rivers in the project cities, the lands along the rivers have to be used as farmlands. After the construction of the project, the quality of the rivers will be improved, the banks of the rivers have been planned as future urban area. So in the future, the value of the lands along the ribers will be increased. For example, at the moment, there are few houses along Hun River. But with the improvment of river quality, the industry of real estate will develope largely. The price of house over there will be increased to 4000 to 5000 RMB/m2. (3) The Appreciation of A2ricultural Product Liao RiverBasin is an area scare of water. In many places within the basin, the crops are irrigated by industrial wastewater and polluted river water. The quality of rice is poor. Shenfu Irrigation Cannel area is a typical one. In this area, in 1965, the output of rice was 400kg/mu. But in 1 970s, the output of rice had been decreased to 350kg/mu and the quality was poor. People don't like the rice irrigated by polluted water. This kind of rice was difficult to be sold out. But after the construction of this project, the situation of irrigation will be improved and the quality of rice will be better at the same time. The price of the rice will be increased, too. 7-14 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide 8 Environmental Impact and Mitigation 8.1 Land Acquisition and Resettlement (1) Overview The specifics of land acquisition and buffer zone distance of each project are shown in the following table 8-1: Table 8-1 Overview of Land Acquisition Project Shenyang Fushun Panjin Fuxin Jinzhou ETDZ Yingkou ETDZ Treatment 400,000 t/d Treated 100,000 t/d 100,000 t/d 20,000 t/d 50,000 t/d capacity effluent reuse Land 57 hac. 8 hac. 12 hac. 12 hac. 3 hac. 6 hac. occupation for WwTP WwTP location Xiaoyu N/A East side of Adjacent to the Xihaikou North side of Village of Raocheng coal watering Village near Honghai Village Yuhong Road plant the estuary District Surrounding of Farmland, N/A Farmland, ho Farmland, no Sea reclaimed Fruit land, many plant no houses house within house within I land, no house houses within I km I km km within 2 km Buffer zone 300 N/A 200 200 50 100 distance (m) Permanent 247 77 60 34 0 N/A affected people Temporary 860 N/A 0 0 85 N/A affected people (2) Legal Framework * Real Estate Management Law of the P.R. China issued by the Ministry of Construction; * Land Acquisition Law of the P.R.China; * Executive Regulations in each of the project city; * Operational Directive 4.30 of the World Bank-Involuntary Resettlement. 8-1 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide (3) Compensation and Recovery During the process of the first -round public participation, the potential impact due to land acquisition has attracted public attention as primary concern because hundreds of individual interests will be involved. The expertise of project team and related regulatory agencies have worked together out a draft Resettlement Action Plan for each project city based on the findings of pubic participation and anticipated impacts to avoid, minimize or mitigate any adverse impact due to land acquisition. The primary principle for developing compensation and livelihood recovery of the project affected people (PAP) is: * All of the physical assets should be compensated for before resettlement and land acquisition be carried out at the price of replacement; * The practical compensation standard would be trashed out between the proposed Wastewater Company and the PAP; * The labor force to be relocated will be provided with employment opportunity with skill training to ensure their life will not decline; * The farn and trees to be demolished will be compensated for at market price; * All of the PAP will receive reasonable compensation. All of the above measures will be subject to the public scrutiny in the second-round public participation, and specific agreements will be reached by negotiation. 8.2 Water Environment Quality and Impact Assessment 8.2.1 Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment (I) Monitoring Item and Condition * COD is determined to be the item for monitoring and assessment; * The low flow condition after the commissioning of the WwTP is determined to be the period for prediction. (2) Monitoring Scope and Location Based on the project geographical scope, the following locations have been identified for surface water environment quality monitoring and assessment: Shenyang section of Hun River and its branch, Xi River; Shuangtaizi River receiving discharges from Panjin, the inshore areas of Bohai Sea receiving discharge from Jinzhou ETDZ and Yingkou ETDZ. ??? monitoring points have been 8-2 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide located across the area above to determine the water quality before the project ( see water section diagram). Table 8-2 and Figure 8-1 show the water quality impact cross sections and pollution control cross sections in the five cities. Table 8-2 Water Quality Monitoring Scope and point Location No. Monitorin river Monitorin cross section Location Remark 1. Xi River Xiaoyucun Bridge Downstream of A branch of Hun River, will Shenyang outfall receive discharge from Shenyang WwTP 2. Hun River Yujiafang Bridge, Downstream of Xi Water quality control cross Liaozhong River, cross section on section for Shenyang city border 3. Shuangtaizi River River gate Upstream of the Panjin Starting cross section in outfall Panjin, for comparison 4. Pangxie Ditch Pangxie Ditch Downstream of the A branch of Shuangtaizi proposed outfall and River, will receive discharge _ River gate from the Panjin project 5. Shuangtaizi River Zhaoquan River Downstream of Panjin Flows into Liaodong Bay, outfall and Shuangtaizi water quality control cross River section for Panjin (3) Timing and Frequency of Monitoring The specific timing and frequency for monitoring has been determined in Table 8-3 based on the EA schedule for each project city. Table 8-3 Timing and Frequency for Surface Water Monitoring No. Project River Registered No. of Cross Timing and Frequency of City Section Monitoring 1. Shenyang Xi River; Hun River 1#, 2# N/A 2. Panjin Shuangtaizi River N/A N/A 3. Fuxin N/A N/A N/A 4. Jinzhou N/A N/A N/A ETDZ 5. Yingkou N/A N/A N/A ETDZ November. 2001 8-3 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide (4) Monitoring Result and Assessment 8.2.2 Surface Water Quality Analysis and Model (1) Selection of Model The models selected for surface water quality prediction for the project city are: a. Shenyang: CL=COe&kI Where: CL-Predicted COD value at the target section, mg/I; CO-Initial COD value, mg/I; k-Decay coefficient, km-'; I-Distance between initial point to the target point, km. The primary reason to select this model is that there is little natural flow in the Xi River for dilution. The COD reduction after discharge in the river will rely on natural decay solely. b. Fuxin: C=(CpQp+ChQh)/(Qp+Qh) Where: C-Average density of pollutants mixing at the target section, mg/l Cp-Pollutant density of discharge, mg/I; Qp-Wastewater volume, m3/s; Ch-Pollutant density of the river water, mg/I; Qh-River water flow rate, m3/s. c. Panjin: C=P, exp(-ktl )+P2exp(-kt2)+...+Pnexp(-ktnVQ I+Q2+. .+Qn Where P1,P2,Pn-COD load enter each section of the river; Q1,Q2,Q.-River flow in each section; k-Attenuation coefficient of COD; t1,t2,tn-Time to be taken when each pollutant load passes the target section. (6) Parameter for Prediction (7) Analysis of Prediction Result 8-4 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Prediction based on river water quality modeling and prediction parameters indicates that the operation of the project will greatly improve water quality in project area and effectively reduce COD concentration. Table 84 shows the quantitative result of COD reduction in surface water due to each project component. Table 8-4 Result of Surface Water Quality Prediction Project city River section Current COD Predicted COD Reduction Standard mg/I mg/I rate % Shenyang Xi River 240 GHZB 1-1999 Panjin Xi River 91 Category V _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~~C O D Fuxin Shuangtaizi 63.1 is 40 mg/l R iv er _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Figure 8-1 shows the concentrations of COD along the Liao and the Daliao tributaries the Hun and Taizi both with and without the project municipal wastewater treatment investments. The improvement in water quality in the Hun River as a result of wastewater treatment at Shenyang is particularly important because of very low level of dilution of the large Shenyang wastewater flow. However , from these figures it is clear that the project, although dealing with a number of major pollution loads including that from Shenyang, the largest individual municipal wastewater pollution load in the basin, will not of itself achieve the overall desired improvement water quality throughout the basin as a whole. To meet the category V water quality objective on a basin-wide basis will require much greater reductions in COD loads both from other municipal source and equally important from major industries that discharge wastewater direct into the rivers. 8.2.3 Marine Water Quality Prediction and Assessment (I) Selection of Model Jinzhou ETDZ and Yingkou ETDZ propose deep-sea discharge for disposal of treated effluent. Marine current models have been developed and running for the two project components to identify the best location of the outfall and sequential environmental impact in terms of COD. a. Current continuous movement equation: 8-5 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide ah/at+aHu/Jx+aHv/ay=O Current momentum equation: au/at+u au/ax+v au/Dy+g ah/ox-fv+g u (u2+v2) 2/C2H=O au/Dt+u au/ax+v auly+g ahJDx+fu+g v (u2+v2)1/2/C2H=O Where h-Water level, m; H-Water depth, m; u and v-Current velocity in X and Y axil, m/s; t-Time, s; f-Koss coefficient; c-Xiecai coefficient; g-Gravity acceleration, 9.81 m/s2. b. Pollutant diffusion equation aHP/It+aHuP/1x+aHvP/ay+M= -2(HP)/x2 +KY a'(HP)/y2 Where P-Density of pollutant, mg/I; Kx Ky- Diffusion coefficient in X and Y axil; M-Intensity of pollution source, g/m2.s. (2) Coverage of Model * Jinzhou ETDZ: within a marine area I km from the proposed outfall; * Yingkou ETDZ: within a marine area 1.5 km from the proposed outfall. Figure 8-2 and 8-3 gives the picture of the model coverage for the two components respectively. (3) Analysis of Prediction Result Yingkou ETDZ: The max. COD during low tide period within the modeling area will be 4.15 mg/I, largely lower than the current COD 5.52-5.84 mg/I. The marine water quality will be improved from over-IV Class to IV Class according to the " Marine Water Quality Standard" (GB3097-1997). The main reason stems from the fact that all of the outfalls along the beach direct discharging wastewater into inshore area will be intercepted. 8-6 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Jinzhou ETDZ: The max. COD during low tide period within the modeling area will be 0.81 mg/I, largely lower than the current COD 0.82-1.04 mg/I. 8.2.4 Analysis of Environmental Impact to the Liaodong Bay (1) Condition for Prediction * Marine area from the estuary of Xiongyue River in Yingkou City to the estuary of Xiaoling River in Jinzhou City with isobath of-5 meter, including Yingkou marine area, Panjin marine area and Jinzhou marine area. * COD is determined to be the factor for prediction. (2) Prediction Method The equation selected for estimating the maximum tolerance volume of the Liaodong Bay to COD is: M=[(g0C0/T)+C]* 1 0-8*365 Where M-Max. tolerance volume of COD, mg/I; go-The total water volume of the studied marine area, 3.033* 109 in3; CO- COD control standard, mg/I; C-Decay capability to COD, mg/l.d (3) Analysis of result When Class 11 marine water quality in the area is reached, the maximum tolerance volume of COD, taking out the decay capability, is 193,732 t/a. The COD reduction status of the Bank Projects are: Table 8-5 COD Reduction Status by the LRBP Projects Project Shenyang Panjin Fuxin Jinzhou Yingkou Total ETDZ ETDZ COD discharge LRBP I - 12,775 - 14,235 by 15,695 by 42,705 before the project Jinzhou Yingkou project project t/a LRBP 2 70,262.5 18.980 18,980 2.482 7,300 109,974.5 8-7 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Proj ect Shenyang Panjin Fuxin Jinzhou Yingkou Total ETDZ ETDZ COD reduction t/a LRBP I - 9,125 - 10,585 by 12,045 by 31,755 Jinzhou Yingkou project project LRBP 2 55772 15,330 15,330 1,752 5,475 87,454 Reduction rate % LRBP I - 71 - - - - _LRBP 2 80 80 80 70.59 75 79.5 Total LRBP I -24,445 - _______ LRBP 2 77 The marine area of study is the ultimate receiving body of the discharge from the basin. The above table 8-4 shows the COD reduction status combing the two phases of LRBP is 119,209 t/a, largely improving the marine water quality. 8.3 Impact to Air and Mitigation 8.3.1 Foul Odor Impact and Mitigation (I) Factors for Assessment NH3, H2S, trimethyl amine, methyl mercaptan, and methyl sulfide are determined to be the factors for foul odor assessment. (2) Selection of Model for Determination of Sanitary Protection Distance According to GB/T13201-91, Technical Methods for Compiling Local Air Pollution Discharge Standard, sanitary protection distance should be decided by: Qc / Cm = (BLC + 0.25y2)0.50LD / A Where: Qc - random discharged pollutant, kg/h; Cm - standard concentration limit for pollutant, mg/m3; L - sanitary protection distance, m; y - equivalent radius, m; A,B,C,D - calculation factors, from GB/T13201-91. (4) Determination of Sanitary Protection Distance 8-8 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Calculation has been done for sanitary protection distance for WwTPs in the project cities, the results are listed in Table 8-6. Table 8-6 Sanitary Protection Distance Unit: m City NH3 H2S trimethyl methyl methyl recommended amine mercaptan sulfide distance Shenyang 100 50 50 200 300 Fushun - - - - - - Panjin 102 98 114 99 91 200 Fuxin 95 78 109 - 121 200 Jinzhou ETDZ 10 7 - - - 50 Yingkou ETDZ 52 48 46 43 51 100 The Table 8-6 shows that Shenyang project has the longest distance for sanitary protection, that is 300 m. Other projects, except Yingkou ETDZ which need to relocate residential houses to ensure the distance, will be guaranteed environmentally by the recommended distance on the basis that there is no houses or entities within I km from the WwTP. (5) Mitigation The odor released during the WwTP operation comes from the microbial digestion process of organic matter in wastewater under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The deleterious gas mainly contains NH3, H2S, methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide and trimethylamine. The odor source is mainly the sludge dewatering room, sludge thickener and aeration degriting tank. The odor usually effected by wastewater quality, wastewater treatment process, dissolved oxygen content, sludge quantity, air temperature, wind speed and direction, etc. So we should adopt the comprehensive measures such as active pollution control action, strengthening management and reasonable arrangement to minimize the adverse impact of foul odor to inhabitants and environment around the plants. a. Control of Odor Using flocculation deodorizer which contains FeSO4, Fe(SO4)3 and Fe2" or Fe3" to react with H2S to make sulfide in order to prevent odor. Less acidulous odor from aeration degriting tanks and sludge thickeners should be weakened with deodorizer sprayed on the surface of the wastewater. Strong acidulous odor from sludge thickeners and primary sedimentation tanks, which has large area, should be weakened with deodorizer sprayed at the upstream of the prevailing wind direction. b. Odor Control in Sludge Dewatering S-9 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide In sludge dewatering room with a great of sludge and larger area, adopting mechanical ventilating measure, and installing chimney more than 20 meters high. Strengthening operation management and strict controlling the sludge output, cleanup and transportation sludge in time to minimize the sludge depositing. c. Reasonable Layout The main odor sources (structures) such as sludge dewatering room and thickeners and aeration degriting tank should be arranged far away from residential areas and the zones requiring high level standard environment and downstream or side of the prevailing wind direction. It is better to have these structures covered to minimize the adverse environmental impact of odor around the WwTP. At the same time, the office and domestic zone and sludge treatment zone should be separated by green belt and arranged upstream or side of the prevailing wind direction. d. Planting Measures in the WwTP To plant trees and aiphyllium with characteristics of absorbing awful odor especially at downstream of the prevailing wind direction to make green belt around the WwTP; to plant climbers on the top of the roofs of workshops; to design flower parterres to make the plant more beauty. The special characteristics of the plants are in table 8-7 below. Table 8-7 The special characteristics of the plant Sort of the Characteristic Impact for environment trees Maidenhair tree Cold resistance Absorbing poisonous gases and killing bacteria Acacia Cold and dry resistance Protecting environment and absorbing poisonous gases Chinese pine Cold and dry resistance, evergreen Preventing wind and dust Locusttree Cold resistance Protecting environment and absorbing poisonous gases Hankow willow Cold and wet resistance Absorbing poisonous gases Weeping willow wet resistance Absorbing poisonous gases e. Green Isolation Belt As much as possible within buffer zone to plant trees and evergreen silvaes to make a green isolation belt to minimize the adverse environmental impact by the geographical location, environmental characteristic and residential district condition of each of municipal WwTPs. Within the environmental pollution control areas of the WwTPs, forbidding construction new residential districts and having the existing inhabitants moved away to minimize the adverse impact of awful odor for the residential districts around the WwTPs. (6) Residual Impact The foul odor will be mitigated to an environmentally acceptable level. 8.3.2 Impact of Flue Gas from Boiler 8-10 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide (1) Type of Boiler Applied * Shenyang - 2 sets of 2.8 MW coal-firing boilers; * Panjin, Fuxin, Jinzhou ETDZ and Yingkou ETDZ - 1 set of fuel oil-firing boiler respectively. (2) Factor for Assessment S02 (3) Prediction Model According to HJ/T2.2-93, Technical Guideline for Environment Impact Assessment, when area occupied by non-point source is less than 1km2, concentration value beyond the grid could be calculated using point source diffusion model, with modification to factors ay and a,. The model is as below: C = Q / 7tUay(a a exp - (He2 / 2Cr22) Where: C - concentration above ground level, at side opposite to the wind direction, mg/m3; Q - pollution source discharge strength in unit time, mg/s; ayaz - diffusion factors, in horizontal and vertical direction; U - mean wind speed, at level of non-point source, m/s; He - equivalent discharge level of non-point source. (4) Analysis of Prediction Result Table 8-8 shows the predicted load of SO2 in various conditions. Table 8-8 Prediction Result of (under D Category Stability) unit: mg/m3 Leeward distance Project city m Shenyang Panjin Fuxin Jinzhou ETDZ Yingkou ETDZ 100 0.02 0 0 0 0 200 0.025 0.009 0.008 0.007 0.006 300 0.031 0.021 0.021 0.017 0.016 400 0.026 0.022 0.022 0.018 0.017 500 0.023 0.019 0.018 0.016 0.015 600 0.020 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.013 8-1 1 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide Leeward distance Project city m Shenyang Panji Fuxin Jinzhou ETDZ Yingkou ETDZ 700 0.017 0.013 0.013 0.011 0.010 800 0.014 0.011 0.011 0.009 0.008 900 0.011 0.009 0.008 0.007 0.006 1000 0.009 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.005 1500 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.001 2000 0.001 0.002 0.00 1 0.00 1 0.0005 Max. Density on 0.034 0.022 0.022 0.018 0.017 ground Max. Distance on 389 361 352 374 329 ground (5) Mitigation * Shenyang: The least height of chimney is 35 m according to the "Air Pollutant Emission Standard for Boiler" (GWPB 3-1999); use coal with low content of sulfurous and ash; install dust trap. * Panjin, Fuxin, Jinzhou ETDZ and Yingkou ETDZ: The least height of chimney is 20 m; the fuel oil should contain less than 3% sulphurous. (6) Residual Impact After the mitigation, the residual load of flue gas discharge meet the requirement of the "Air Pollutant Emission Standard for Boiler" (GWPB 3-1999); dust discharge will be lower than 20 mg/rn3, and S02 lower than 900 mg/m3 from Shenyang project; and dust discharge will be lower than 100 mg/m3, and S02 lower than 500 mg/m3 from other projects using light diesel fuel. 8.4 Acoustic Impact and Mitigation 8.4.1 Monitoring of Current Acoustic Environment (I) Distribution of Monitoring Points The major noise sources have been identified to be pumping stations and wastewater treatment plants in operation phase. The monitoring points should be established at pumping stations and WwTP sites for assessment. The monitoring points are shown in Table 8-8. The detailed location of monitoring points are shown in Figures 8-? to Figure 8-?. 8-12 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Table 8-9 Distribution of Monitoring Points for Noise Assessment in the Project Cities Project Number of Monitoring points location City monitoring points Shenyang 6 4 points on the boundary of PS and WwTP; 2 points at the adjacent villages of Xiaoyu and Yuliang Fushun N/A N/A Panjin 5 4 points on the boundary of WwTP; I at PS Fuxin 4 4 points on the boundary of WwTP Jinzhou 4 4 points on the boundary of WwTP ETDZ Yingkou 4 4 points on the boundary of WwTP ETDZ (2) Timing of Monitoring Two consecutive days in November of 2001, each one time for day and night. (3) Monitoring Method The monitoring method is consistent with the regulations stipulated in "Noise Monitoring Method for Urban Area". The single factor standard index method which is based on direct comparison with the standard is employed to identify the compliance. (4) Monitoring Result Through site monitoring, the statistic results (maximum value) of noise monitoring are shown in table 8-10. 8-13 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Table 8-10 Monitoring Result for Current Acoustic Environment Unit:Leq[dB(A)] Project city Day Night Boundary of WwTP Pumping station Boundary of WwTP Pumping station Shenyang -_50-59 Fushun N/A N/A N/A N/A Panjin 48-58 52 44-48 44 Fuxin 45-51 . 41-48 Jinzhou ETDZ 47-59 47-49 39-49 32-43 Yingkou ETDZ 46-57 45-48 (5) Assessment Standard Noise assessment for boundary of WwTP would follow the " Noise Standard for Boundary of Industry" (GB 12348-90), and acoustic environmental assessment would follow the " Noise Standard for Urban Area" (GB 3096-93). Table 8-11 shows the regulatory requirements for the noise impact of the cities. Table 8-11 Assessment Standard for Noise Shenyang Fushun Panjin Fuxin Jinzhou Yingkou Unit:Leq[dB(A)]Pr ETDZ ETDZ oject city Item Night Day Night Day Night Day Night Day Nigh D _ PS Limit N/A N/A N/A N/A 60 50 N/A N/A N/A N/A 65 55 Class N/A N/A 11 N/A N/A III Bounda Limit 65 55 N/A N/A 65 55 65 55 65 55 60 50 ry of__ _ _ _ _ _j WwTP Class III ._N/A III III III II Acousti Limit 65 55 N/A N/A 65 55 65 55 65 55 60 50 environ Class III N/A III III III II ment (6) Assessment result 8-14 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide The above Table 8-9 to Table 8-10 based on single factor standard index method shows that the noise strength of the project city bin the study area all meet the requirement for Class II and III of " Noise Standard for Boundary of Industry" (GB 12348-93). 8.4.2 Prediction and Assessment of Noise (1) Intensity of Noise Sources The sources for noise in the operation phase, for WwTP are lifting pump, sludge pump and blower, for pumping station is submersible pumps. The noise intensity of major equipment is listed in the table 8-12 through analogical investigation. Table 8-12 Intensity of Noise Sources of Major Equipment Pumping station Wastewater treatment plant Noise source Intensity of noise Noise source Intensity of noise source source dB(A) dB(A) Noise in pumping room 93 Sewerage lifting pumps 95 Noise in operation room 78 Blowers 92 Noise in outdoor of pumping 62 Sludge pumps 92 room 30m from pumping stations 51 Air compressors 92 (2) Prediction of Noise Impact a. Selection of Model * Geometrical attenuation formula for point source intensity For the fixed noise point sources like the proposed WwTP, the following formula will be adopted: Lr=LrO-20lgr/r0-AL Where: r, r0 distance from noise point source, meter; 8-15 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide Lr, Lro the noise class at r and ro, dB; AL reduced noise value by insulation effects of houses, wallsand other factors, dB. * General equivalent noise class formula To calculate the noise intensity overlapped on some point caused by several noise sources, the following formula will be adopted: n Leq(,Ow)=lOlg , I00° eqi i=] where: Leqi equivalent noise class monitored at certain point caused by No.i noise source, dB; (3) Prediction Result and Assessment The overlapping impact of noise from the source after natural attenuation at the monitoring point are shown in the following Table 8-13. Table 8-13 Noise Prediction on Boundary of WwTPUnit: Leq[dB(A)] Project Prediction Day time Night time City point Baseline Predicted Standar Baseline Predicted Standard location value d value value value Plant boundary 50 50 65 43 43 55 Shenyang _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Pumping station - - - - - - Fushun Plant boundary N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Pumping station N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Panjin Plant boundary 48-58 48-58 65 44-48 44-48 55 Pumping station 52 54 60 44 46 50 Fuxin Plant boundary 45-51 45-5 1 65 41-48 41-48 55 Pumping station - - - - - - 8-16 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Jinzhou Plant boundary 46-57 46-57 65 33-49 34-49 55 ETDZ Pumping station 47-52 47-52 65 32-43 N/A N/A Yingkou Plant boundary 47-57 47-57 60 45-48 45-48 50 ETDZ Pumping station - - - - - - It can be seen from the above table that the current noise strength will remain intact after overlapping with predicted noise from assumed noise source. The Class II and III requirements can be met. 8.4.3 Mitigation The noise intensity varies from different source, time and construction activity. The highest intensity noise is from impulse pile driver and second is concrete vibrator, static pressure pile driver, drilling bottling machine etc. So the main mitigation measures to the noise impact during construction period are as follows: * To strictly control and reasonably arrange the operation schedule for all sorts of equipment. The loud noise-making equipment such as static pile driver should be forbidden after 22:00 and should be supervised according to the requirement defined in the State "Noise Value Limit on Construction Site Boundary"; * The low noise-making equipment should be preferred when purchasing equipment; * To arrange loud noise-making equipment far away from the site boundary and residential areas to minimize the affected scope on construction site; * To strictly control the horn of transportation vehicles and carefully select a transportation route that avoids cultural areas, commercial areas and residential areas, in which vehicles will be forbidden from passing through after 22:00. Through the above mitigation measures, the noise impact on Shenyang, Panjin, Fuxin and Jinzhou ETDZ will be negligible due to within I km from the WwTP there is no residential area. After relocation of residential houses in Yingkou ETDZ, the noise impact will be mitigated to acceptable level. 8.5 Environmental Impact during Construction and Mitigation According to comparative survey and inherent characteristics of this project, major potential impacts in phase of construction may include: (1) air-bome dust; (2) noise; (3) traffic blocking; (4) spoil and construction waste. 8.5.1 Impact Analysis of Air-borne Dust and Mitigation 8-17 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide During the phase of construction, air-borne dust will be created by activities such as land leveling, piling, excavation, backfill, road construction, transportation, open pilestacking of powder material, loading/unloading, concrete mixing and so on. The air-borne dust will impose severe impact to surroundings in dry whether associating with strong wind. According to the findings of relevant investigation, operation of transportation vehicles is a major source for air-borne dust, accounting for 60% of the total amount, which is believed to have direct relation with road condition and running speed of vehicle. In normal condition, the extent to which the air-borne dust will impact is within 100 meters. The air-borne dust will be reduced by 70% by water spray on traffic road for 4-5 times per day. The table 8-14 presents the results of water spray test on construction site. Table 8-14 The Results of Water Spray Test Distance(m) 5 20 50 100 TSP average No water spray 10.14 2.89 1.15 0.86 Concentration/hour (mg/m3) Water spray 2.01 1.40 0.67 0.60 The results in table 8-13 show that if water is sprayed 4-5 times per day, the air-borne dust will be controlled effectively and scope of TSP contamination will be reduced to 20-50m. The air-borne dust created by open stacking of material and concrete mixing are believed to be affected by wind speed. In this case, an effective measure to reduce air-borne dust is to stop mixing work in windy whether and controlling open stacking. Moreover, the amount of air-borne dust on road is related to the running speed of vehicles. The quicker, the larger. At the construction site, the running speed of vehicles must be limited in order to reduce the air-borne dust as well as to safeguard the construction staff. 8.5.2 Impact Analysis of Noise and Mitigation Intensity of construction noise varies according to type of construction machine, construction time, and terrain. Table 8-15 shows the noise intensity of major construction equipment: Table 8-15 Noise Intensity of Major Construction Equipment Phasing of I Major I Intensity Distance to noise source 8-18 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide ___ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 20 40 60 80 100 200 400 1300 Site leveling Excavator, 92-102 66-76 60-70 56-66 54-64 52-62 46-56 40-50 29-39 earth mover _ Foundation Pile driver 112-122 86-96 80-90 76-86 74-84 72-82 66-76 60-70 49-59 Structure Concrete 92-100 66-76 66-76 56-66 54-64 52-62 46-56 40-50 29-39 mixer__ ___ _ _ Concrete 87-97 61-71 55-65 51-61 49-59 47-57 41-51 35-45 25-38 vibrator It can be seen from Table 8-14 that, in comparison with the "Limit of Noise on Boundary of Construction Site" (GB 12523-90), during the site leveling, the noise intensity at the point 40 m from the site can meet the requirement for day time (75 dB (a)), 200 m from the site can meet the requirement for night time (55 dB(a)); during the foundation making, the noise intensity at the point 60 m from the site can meet the requirement for day time (85 dB(a)), but the construction activities should be prohibited during night to ensure the compliance with the requirement for night time; during the structure building, the noise intensity at the point 40 m from the site can meet the requirement for day time (70 dB(a)), from 200 m can meet the requirement for night time (55 dB(a)). In the case of Shenyang, Jinzhou, Panjin and Fuxin, the construction sites are all far from the identified residential area by about I km, the noise impact is thought to be acceptable; The proposed WwTP in Yingkou ETDZ will locate in Honghaihe Village and 100 m from residential houses after relocation. The noise stemming from foundation building will adversely affect the residents, so that the construction activities in nighttime should be forbidden. The equipment as major noise source should be acoustic isolated. 8.5.3 Analysis of Impacts of Traffic and Mitigation The construction will impose impacts on local traffic by increasing traffic flow and blocking the traffic resulting from road excavation. A large amount of cement, building materials, earth, stones and some mechanical equipment need to be transported from different places to construction site. It certainly will cause traffic flow increase. The increased traffic flow will not put heavy pressure on local transportation due to the existing condition is quite good in the five project cities. However the wastewater conveyance pipeline will interrupt the local transportation when crossing the traffic facilities. The impact will become worse unless the units responsible for construction carefully design and manage a construction schedule. The impact could be avoided or minimized by provision of temporary access and digging on one side when construction on road; pipe jacking technique would be applied to pipeline construction when crossing railway and highway, rush hour should be avoided. 8.5.4 Analysis of Domestic Sewage from Labor Camp and Mitigation 8-19 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide The domestic sewage from labor camp is a main water pollution source during construction period. In different construction stages, the quantities of constructors are different. Normally there are hundreds of people. assuming water consumption per capita is 1001/d, the average BOD5 will be 50g/hd/d and the average CODc, will be 60g/hd/d. The amount of domestic sewage is calculated at 80% of water consumption. If the domestic sewage discharges directly to ground, it will contaminate the local water environment. So temporary toilets, septic tanks, and oil separating and sedimentation tanks in dining rooms should be constructed. The domestic sewage should be treated at source so as to reduce the impact on receiving water. 8.5.5 Analysis of Spoil and Mitigation a. Wastewater Treatment Plant & Pumping Station According to the analysis on topography and elevation of the proposed construction sites, it is found that a large amount of earthwork will be needed. The designed elevation is higher than current one which need considerable earth for site leveling. These amounts of earth and stones will be purchased. The spoil will not be generated if the exact need for earth is determined. The earth would be punched tightly on site to control the potential erosion of soil. b. Pipeline About lO0,000m3 spoil is estimated to be generated in the process of pipeline laying down. Uncontrolled disposal of the spoil will cause erosion of soil and severe air-borne dust. When the construction site is near watercourse, the activity of dumping spoil in watercourse is forbidden in order to protect flood from blocking. The spoil should be managed carefully. Some disposal actions should be taken timely such as backfilling, cleaning and transporting, disposal on an designated site or the spoil could be transported to the construction site for backfill. After calculation, the spoil can not meet the need for earth, leaving 220,000 m3 deficit. The construction waste comprises goods package, packing case, piece of wood and waste cement casting piece. If these construction wastes cannot be disposed of appropriately, they will harm environment. So the disposal of the construction waste should be carefully managed. Firstly, some waste should be collected for reuse; secondly, the construction waste should be collected to a designated site will be used for backfill. In the later stage of construction phase, the construction waste should be collected in a timely manner for landfill. The domestic waste of constructors should be disposed of in the same way of construction waste.. 8.6 Risk Assessment 8.6.1 Analysis of Potential Risk Analysis of potential impact was done in order to master the potential environmental problems possibly occurring, based on the forecast and assessment of environment impact of this project. (1) Type of potential environment impact The project of wastewater treatment scheme will bring positive impacts to the environment. However potential negative impacts will occur if the project is not designed, constructed and 8-20 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide managed carefully. The potential environmental risks are listed in Table 8-16 based on investigation and analysis on similar projects. Table 8-16 Potential Environmental impact Direct positive Direct negative Indirect Indirect negative impact impact positive impact impact Effluent quality meet the standard Accidental discharge Uncontrolled stockpiling of sludge Blockage / leakage of sewer 0 network Release of volatile matter in operation of WwTPs Note: 0--serious impact *-medium impact 0--minor impact (2) Potential Environment Impact The potential environment impacts shown in Table 8-16 are evaluated in a qualitative manner based on the experience of a similar operating municipal wastewater treatment plant at Jizhuangzi in Tianjin City, as described in table 8-17. Table 8-17 Potential Environment Effects Probability of Potential impact Extent of impact Environmental effect occurrence Effluent quality River downstream of the Gradually improve the water quality More than 95% meet the standard outfalls of river downstream of the outfalls Accidental River downstream of the Extremely low Worsen water quality in short time discharge outfalls Uncontrolled If design or Contaminate groundwater, endanger Area neighboring the sites stockpiling of management is the public health, or even result in of sludge stockpiling sludge poor contamination by toxicant and 8-21 November 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Probability of Potential impact Extent of impact Environmental effect occurrence pathogen Blockage / Area neighboring Contaminate groundwater and leakage of sewer Extremely low leakage of sewer Extremely low intercepting system endanger the public health pipeline Release of volatile matter in Area neighboring WwTP Often Affect the public health operation of opposite to wind direction WwTP 8.6.2 Analysis of Accidental Discharging There are many treatment units and elements in the process of wastewater treatment. If some of them do not work properly, system broken-down or accidents may occur. The wastewater treatment plant will not achieve the desired objectives under these circumstances and will lead to accidental discharging of untreated or not fully treated wastewater. According to operation experience of similar wastewater treatment plants in China, accidents may occur and the consequences may be: * that the wastewater can't be treated at all, resulting complete by-passing and direct discharge of raw sewage into the receiving water; and * that primary treatment is working but bio-chemical treatment units are malfunctioning. Therefore, the effluent receives only partial treatment. According to relevant Chinese standards (GB8978-96), Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standards, when accidents occur at a municipal WwTP, the maximum allowed COD is not to exceed 500mg/I if the WwTP is totally paralyzed or not to exceed 300 gm/I if the WwTP is partially functional. In these situations, water quality models described in section 8.1.2 were used to project surface water quality in the receiving water bodies. The main factors considered in the models included as treatment capacities of the proposed WwTP, wastewater strength (COD concentrations) in the incoming, raw wastewater, natural water flows available for dilution, surface water quality upstream from the discharge outfalls, as well as the natural decay of the waste in the receiving waters. The hydrological parameters of river sections and water quality model used for prediction and analysis are described in section 8.1.2 of this report. The prediction results for each receiving water under normal and accidental situations are shown in Table 8-18. 8-22 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Table 8-18 Impact on river waster quality by different operating condition of WwTP Name of WwTP Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou Yuliangpu Shuangtaizi ETDZ ETDZ Tye of dischar e WwTP WwTP WwTP WwTP WwTP Discharge flow (x 1000 01010 o t/d) 800 100 100 100 Receiving water body Xi river Pangxie ditch Bohai Sea Bohai Sea Normal Operation COD in effluent (mg/I) 100 100 100 100 COD in receiving water (mg/1) 28.6 115.5 37.58 26.2 Accident Discharge COD in untreated effluent (mg/I) 482 350 390 430 COD in receiving water (mg/I) 133 335.7 95.6 42.3 COD in partially treated effluent 300 300 300 300 (mg/I) COD in receiving water (mg/1) 85.9 287.7 94 65.5 As shown in Table 8-18 above, impact on the receiving water bodies in the four cities under accidental discharge situations is significant. The modeled data show that COD concentrations in all receiving waters would be substantially increased compared with those when the WwTPs are functioning normally. The result of the accidental discharges is for the surface water to greatly exceed the Category V surface water quality standard. In some situations such as Xi river in Shenyang, the high COD concentrations persist over 80 km because of the very limited dilution capacity from the natural river flow upstream from the effluent discharge outfall. The accidental discharge will considerably increase the pollution load to the receiving water body, causing serious water pollution. The large increase in pollution loads to the receiving waters is because the untreated wastewater which is not discharge in numerous outfalls over a certain distance along the receiving waters will be discharged at a single location. This would result in a single large shock load to the rivers at the discharging points and areas immediately downstream, causing severe pollution of water quality in these areas. Attention should be drawn to avoid such accidents from happening. But the accidental discharge of totally untreated wastewater rarely occurs, because the primary treatment units in front of the biological process are quite stable in a municipal WwTP. The treatment facilities in WwTP can deal with certain amount of shock loads and there is also some 8-23 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide standby equipment and capacity. These would reduce the probability of accidental discharges. In fact, the greatest risk causing discharges of totally untreated raw wastewater may not be technically related. Failures of power supply to the treatment plant, insufficient funding to support plant operation, policy shift and so on are all real concerns. When these situations occur, there could be prolonged discharges of totally untreated wastewater to the receiving environment. As described above, because of the single discharge location of large quantities of wastewater from the plants, there will be a greater impact to water quality in the receiving rivers than the scenario of without the project. The receiving water at the treatment outfalls and the areas immediately downstream from there will be serious polluted as the modeled results demonstrate in Table 8-18. The most effective to prevent the total non-functioning of the WwTPs from non-technical reasons is that the relevant authorities, including the municipal governments of the project cities must be very supportive to the WwTP operations. A high priority must be given to the WwTP, thus protection of the rivers in project areas, when it comes to power supply, funding allocations and other situations where many sectors may compete for limited resources in municipal systems. Without such supports and priority considerations, it would be very difficult achieve the water quality and environmental protection goals and objectives, even with this multi billion RMB project. 8.6.3 Analysis of Discharge in Sewer Accident Through investigation of accidents in similar wastewater treatment plants in China, the sewer accidental discharges are usually caused by: * Pipeline cracking * Power failure or poorly planned repair and maintenance of pump stations, or replacement of pipelines. The pipe cracking is usually resulted from carelessly digging and excavation by other municipal projects or settlement of the foundation. These accidents will lead to wastewater conveyance difficulties, sharply reduction of wastewater flows, discharges of raw wastewater into rivers and other surface water bodies nearby, and infiltration of raw wastewater into the ground and contamination of groundwater. All of those will impact on the environment seriously. Emergency response teams should be established to promptly detect and repair such pipeline damages and reduce the leakage. In recent years, reinforced concrete pipes or culverts are mostly used in sewer works, the probability of such accidents is thus very low. There is no report about such accidents in the province to date. However, preparation and careful planning should still be given to prevent such accidents, in order to minimize possible adverse environment impacts thus caused. The power supply failure seldom occurs, as the local power networks have been improved greatly in recent years and become much more reliable than before. However the sewerage overflow due to 8-24 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide repairing pump stations or replacement/connection of linking sewers occurs more often. According to statistics for municipal sewer accidents in some cities of China, the accidental discharges total 3-5 days/year, and accidental discharge volume is less than 1% of the total wastewater flow in the system. Because the discharge is often concentrated in a short period during accident, it will affect receiving water body in the immediately adjacent areas. It is easy to determine the river section affected by accidental discharge according to location and route of pipes, and thus plan accordingly. Repair work and replacement of pipe work and pumping stations should be carefully planned and scheduled to be concentrated in maintenance time of enterprises or low wastewater flow in the service areas as much as possible. Temporary bypassing sewers should be installed to minimize sewerage overflow in order to reduce environment impact. 8.6.4 Impact analysis of uncontrolled sludge stockpiling Sludge from dewatering operation needs to be stockpiled temporarily before final disposal. An on-site shed or an open within the treatment plants have been incorporated into the design for this project to accommodate a seven-day sludge storage. In order to avoid sludge leachate pollution to the groundwater, stockpiling area should be provided with lining facilities and built in a walled structure. There will be no sludge digestion unit in these WwTPs in short term, except Shenyang Xiaoyucun WwTP. Because instability of sludge without digestion and rich organic content, the sludge will be decomposed by microorganism, and generate odor such as H2S and mercaption, as well as pathogen and parasite. All of those will affect the environment and sanitation condition of the plant seriously. Another situation is that the sludge may be tipped somewhere because of traffic accident during transportation. This will lead to, to some degree, impact to surface water, groundwater, atmosphere and sanitation conidition at location of tipping. Disposal of sludge to a landfill will reduce lifetime of the existing landfill site. If anti-filtration layer fails or punched by landfill mechanical equipment, sludge leachate will infiltrate and pollute groundwater and other hydraulically connected surface water. If the sludge has not been covered with clear soil regularly, it will generate odor and contaminate the environment. These risks will be reduced through quality design and construction works and well trained staff in facility operations. 8-25 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide 9. Sludge Management As a particular concern, sludge disposal has been considered as an integrated component in the proposed project and a high priority has been given in this assessment because sludge disposal probably poses the most serious adverse environmental impacts in largely beneficiary wastewater treatment projects. Sludge disposed of with an engineered and well-controlled manner is essential to sustainable and environmentally safe operation of the proposed WwTP. 9.1 Current Solid Waste Management System Solid waste management is a local government (municipal, city, township, village and district) function in China. There are yet no inter-municipal or regional examples of solid waste management, but there are also no barriers to inter-municipal agreement to accomplish this. In rural areas, solid waste management, where it exists, consists of waste collection and dumping. In cities and municipalities, the function may be handled by special municipal environmental sanitation units set up for public cleanliness and health. The residents only pay nominal fee for their solid waste collection but based on neither weight nor volume each month, which is far from being sufficient to cover the whole process of solid waste disposal. Although solid waste assortion or minimization at source is encouraged, lack of corresponding national policy or law which would provide financial incentives has resulted in such effort become impossible at present. There is currently only one proper sanitary landfill with leachate collection and engineering control in Liaoning, the Dalian Maoyingzi Solid Waste Management Facility, operated by the Dalian Environmental Sanitation Bureau under the Dalian Environmental Sanitation Department, a municipal agency. A new landfill is under construction at Fuxin. Panjin uses an incinerator. There are existing unlined landfills at other cities, but these are essentially uncontrolled dumping sites. Industrial solid waste is the responsibility of solid waste generator and is not included in municipal solid waste collection and disposal schemes. No provincial or local agency has jurisdiction. Although unauthorized dumping is illegal, it is treated as an appearance matter. If the waste generator generates hazardous waste, which contaminates the property of another, then he may be sued in civil court as any other tortfeasor and if death or injury of a person results, then criminal may be pursued. Industries have to pay for their solid waste, with the amount of fee varies according to the nature and weight of the solid waste. Relax enforcement and insufficient facilities always hinder proper disposal of industrial solid waste. In Liaoning, the province's only industrial hazardous solid waste disposal facility is operated by the Shenyang Municipal Government. According to the Tenth Five Year Plan, the amount of municipal solid waste have been disposed of in environmentally safe manner only accounts for 30% of total amount generated. And in the planning horizon, all of the municipalities should provide sanitary disposal facilities for municipal solid waste to ensure that 60% of municipal solid waste will be environmentally safely disposed of. 15 projects for disposal of industrial solid waste will be constructed. It seems that the above objectives could not be effectively realized unless there is comprehensive framework combining legal and regulatory effort, technical and financial reform, and public education and participation. 9.2 Sludge Management and Disposal Plan 9.2.1 Sludge Quantity A large quantity of sludge with high water content will be produced by these WwTPs. The sludge consists mainly of sediments present in the incoming wastewater and waste activated sludge from 9-1 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide the biological treatment process. According to the Feasibility Study Report and available technical information, the predicted quantity of dewatered sludge need to be disposed of are: Table 9-1 Sludge Quantity of the project Item Consideration Shenyang Panjin Fuxin Jinzhou Yingkou ETDZ ETDZ Screenings Weight (t/d) 9 5 10 1 5 Water content % 80 80 80 80 85 Grit Weight (t/d) 18 8 12 2 8 Water content % 60 65 65 60 65 Surplus Weight (t/d) 200 50 107 18 39 activated sludge Water content % 80 80 80 80 80 Total Weight (t/d) 227 63 129 21 21 Water content % 80 82 82 82 82 Fushun proposes 200,000 tld tertiary treatment of secondary effluent from the Sanbaotun WwTP which will be commissioned at the end of 2001. The backwash water will be pumped into the adjacent interceptor, then will be conveyed to the Sanbaotun WwTP for treatment. Therefore the expected sludge will be disposed of in the dedicated monofill site to be constructed under the Laioning Environment Project. 9.2.2 Composition Analysis In order to identify the future sludge composition, especially the content of heavy metal, the local environmental monitoring stations have conducted a monitoring program for identification of deposits sedimented at the existing outfalls for the intention of better understanding of property of sludge from the proposed treatment plants assuming the deposits sampled are similar to the sludge. The sampling and analytical results have been further compared with sludge main constituents concentrations monitored in similar operating municipal WwTPs in other parts of China. Table 9-2 gives the monitoring results: Table 9-2 Deposit Monitoring Results Unit: mg/k Concerned heavy metal Cu Pb Cr As Cd Hg Project city Shenyang N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Fushun N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Panjin 11.36 0.94 - 0.13 0.18 0.01 Fuxin 0.025 0.11 - - 0.025 - Jinzhou ETDZ - 16.35 6.31 2.96 0.81 0.01 Yingkou ETDZ - - 7.88 2.00 5.55 0.02 Limit for agricultural application of 500 1000 1000 75 20 15 sludge (GB 4284-84) ____I It can be seen from the above table that the heavy metal content in the deposits are all below the limit for agricultural use by wide margin. In fact, sludge deposited in the outfall would contain more heavy metal due to historical accumulation than the actual one from the WwTPs. In addition, the 9-2 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide industries of primary polluting source discharging into the municipal sewers have/will applied more stringent control of heavy metal discharges through cleaner production. In the context, the heavy metal content in the incoming raw wastewater may be expected to be even lower than those shown in the above table 9-2. The preliminary assessment seems to indicate that the heavy metal content in the waste sludge will meet the standards for agricultural application, although this conclusion should bb subject to further confirmation through additional sampling and testing of the actual sludge to be produced from the WwTPs once they become operational. Any agricultural application of the sludge can only be adopted following the confirmation of sludge composition particularly including heavy metal contents as well as other constituents which may potentially be detrimental to the crop. 9.2.3 Sludge Disposal Plan Based on a detailed study on feasibility of each of the available technologies, specific site conditions, and current solid waste management system in the project cities, each city has developed a sludge handling, treatment and final disposal plan. Table 9-3 shows the proposed sludge disposal methods in the project cities. Table 9-3Slu e Disposal Plan in Each City Project city Shenyang Fushun Panjin Fuxin Jinzhou ETDZ Yingkou ETDZ Site location Laohuchong Qingtaizi Shangfang Tabenzgalan Nanshan Dongjiagou landfill, landfill, Village, County Municipal Solid southeast o southwest o west of Waste Landfill Shenyang fushun Panjin Construction Operating To be built in Being Being Operating To be built status 2002 constructed constructed Total sludge 227 182 63 129 21 52 quantity (t/d) Capacity 750 t/d short 250t/d 150 t/d 300 t/d 650 t/d 100 t/d term; 1500 t/d long term Improvements Lining, Lining, Lining, - Lining, leachate - to be done leachate leachate leachate treatment treatment treatment treatment Hauling Distance: 32 Distance: 6 Distance: 5 Distance: 36 Distance 20 km; Distance; 10km; distance and kmI; WwTP- km; km; WwTP- km; WwTP- WwTP-Jingang WwTP-Binhai route Shenliao Road- rural road to Fuxin Road- Road-Landfill Street-Landfill Naner Ring composting Outer Ring site site Road-Shendan site Road-101 Road-Landfill Road-Landfill site Hauling time 4-6 am.; 8-10 N/A 6-7 am, 7-9 4-6 am, 8-10 4-6 am., 7-10 6-8am.;7-9pm. pm pm pm. pm. Disposal Co-disposal Monofill Composting Co-disposal Co-disposal with Monofill approach with solid with solid solid waste, waste, sanitary waste, sanitary sanitary landfill landfill landfill Life time 30 years 20 years 20 years 20 years 20 years 20 years Investment 9864.12 (spent) N/A 1200 1000 12000 (spent) 100 (spent) (104 RMB) Hauling cost 576 N/A 30 124 35 100 (104 RMB/a) Total disposal 1092 N/A N/A 526 100 326 cost (104 RMB/a) Leachate 516 N/A N/A 214 50 114 treatment cost 9-3 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide (104 RMB/a) I I I I I I l The plans are described as follows: Shenvang Shenyang WwTP will produce about 227 t/d sludge requiring disposal, the largest volume of sludge from a single source in the project. Shenyang proposes to use sanitary landfill to dispose of the waste sludge at Laohuchong landfill site, approximately 32 km from the WwTP. The city plans (under a separate project) to convert the existing site into a sanitary landfill with proper engineering control and operation. The upgrading once completed, will have a total area of 1430 mu and will include site lining, leachate collection, on site leachate treatment, landfill gas venting, site drainage control, site road, fencing and landscaping. Figure 9-1 is a photograph of the Laohuchong landfill site, and Figure 9-2 presents a site layout. Figure 9-1 Laobuchong landfill site in Shenyang will accept sludge from the project However, the landfill construction will be complete in two phases and the first phase will have a total landfill capacity of 750 t/d. The management of Laohuchong landfill has agreed to accept total 227 t/d sludge from the project. The WwTP will pay 10 RMB/t for sludge landfill and the total landfill cost of 16.68 Million RMB/A will be included into the operating budget of the WwTP. A total of eight water-tight trucks with a 10 t payload will be used for the 32 km sludge hauling from the WwTP to the landfill. The hauling route is carefully selected to avoid the environmentally sensitive such as the business district, and residential areas. The sludge hauling route in Shenyang is shown in Figure 9-3. Fushun: The backwash water of the tertiary treatment under this project will be pumped back to the Sanbaotun WwTP which will be commissioned at the end of 2001. The total amount of sludge to be produced by Sanbaotun WwTP is 182 t/d requiring disposal at Qingtaizi monofill site 6 km from the WwTP. Figure 94 shows the site proposed for monofill. Fushun plans to start construction of the monofill in 2002 to international standard which incorporate lining, leachate collection and control facilities. The monofill has a total capacity of 300 t/d lasting for 20 years. Four water-tight truck with payload of 10 t will be used to haul the sludge. The operating cost incurred for monofill will be included in the operating budget of Sanbaotun WwTP. Fushun will construct a quality access road to the monofill site. The route is carefully selected to avoid environmentally sensitive area. Fushun plans to initiate a composting study and is preparing to engage a design and research institute to conduct this study. The reason prompt the initiation is that there will be double amount of sludge to be generated from Sanbaotun WwTP when the WwTP is extended to hold 500,000 t/d capacity, on the other hand there will be limited land resource available for sludge landfill. The study is to primarily determine the viability of using the sludge compost product in agricultural land, and determine the market acceptability for the product. If the study proves that composting can be technically, economically, and environmentally sustainable in the local conditions, the city will start sludge composting plan. 9-4 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Figure 9-4 Site for monofill construction in Fushun to accept sludge from the project Paniin: Panjin WwTP will produce 63 t/d sludge. The city plan to use windrow technology for composting at a site approximately 5 km from the plant. The site is currently used as the city's municipal solid waste disposal facility and will be converted soon into composting facility for accepting the sludge from Xinglongtai WwTP under LRBP 1, and solid waste incinerators are used for municipal solid waste. The 10,000 m2 site is paved with concrete and such have a good control for leachate infiltration. The site preparation will include leachate collection system and a small pumping facility which will direct the collected leachate to the Xinglongtai WwTP I km away. The operating cost will be included in the operating budget for the Shuangtaizi WwTP. The composting site will be divided into 3 cells, each of which has sludge disposal capacity of 960 m3. A total of 20 windraws will be placed in each of the areas (lx2x30 m). Maximum disposal capacity at the site is 3600 m3, which is equivalent to 25 day sludge production at the two WwTPs in Panjin. Figure 9-5 shows the site proposed for composting. Panjin has a large amount saline, sterile land and the compost can be used as a soil conditioner for soil improvement and land reclamation. Panj in plan to provide the compost product free of charge to local farmers and other landowners in the region to be used as soil conditioner in the saline land. Figure 9-5 Site for composting of Panjin. At the left is the incinerator, at the right is the proposed composting site Fuxin: Fuxin WwTP will produce 129 t/d sludge. The proposed sludge disposal strategy is co-disposal with municipal solid waste at a sanitary landfill site currently under construction. The site is owned and operated by the Fuxin Municipal Construction Bureau and is located within Fuxin County approximately 36 km from the site of the proposed WwTP. The landfill has been designed to full international standards by the China Northeast Municipal Engineering Design and research Institute. It incorporates a lining membrane and leachate collection and control facilities. The landfill has been designed to accommodate up to 1,500 t/d of solid waste. The construction started in April 2001 and is due for completion by November 2001. The operating cost of 6.5 million RMB/a for sludge disposal will be included in the operating budget of the WwTP. Figure 9-5 shows the site for landfill. Figure 9-5 Sanitary landfill being constructed which will accept the sludge from the project Sludge hauling route is carefully selected to avoid potentially environmentally sensitive regions and area. Jinzhou ETDZ: Jinzhou ETDZ WwTP will produce 21 t/d sludge. It plans to co-dispose of the sludge with municipal solid waste in Nanshan sanitary landfill 20 km from the WwTP. The Nanshan sanitary landfill facility will be provided with lining, leachate collection and treatment facilities. The hauling route is carefully selected to avoid potentially environmentally sensitive regions and area. Yingkou ETDZ: 9-5 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Yingkou ETDZ WwTP will produce 52 t/d sludge. It plans to monofill the sludge at a sanitary landfill site to be constructed in 2002. The site is carefully selected in a valley 10 km from the WwTP. There is no environmentally sensitive area. The monofill site will be designed to incorporate lining, leachate collection and control facilities. Once the monofill site is completed, the total area would be 100,000 m2 with capacity of 100 t/d. The hauling route is carefully selected to avoid potentially environmentally sensitive regions and area. 9.3 Environmental Impact and Mitigation 9.3.1 Pollution Factor Screening and Load Projection (1) Pollution Factor Screening and Analysis Table 94 shows the analysis process of main pollution factors and screening in the sludge landfill and composting process. Table 94Pollution Factors in the Sludge Landfill and Composting Process Sludge Waste as Wastewater disposal Pollution factors Discharge Pollution factors Discharge Landfill 0* Foul odor Ambient air * COD 0 Discharge after treatment in rainy * NH3 0 SS season; * H2S * Backfill after treatment in dry season Composting 0 Foul odor Ambient air * COD * Partial backfill after treatment in * NH3 0 BOD dry season; * H2S * SS * Partial discharge after treatment (2) Pollution Load Projection a. Waste Gas Pollution Load Projection Table 9-5 shows the waste gas pollution load projection for the project cities. Table 9-5Waste Gas Pollution Load Proecti on Pollutant Shenyang Fushun Panjin Fuxin Jinzhou Yingkou ETDZ landfill monofill composting landfill ETDZ monofill landfill NH3(kg/d) 2.84 N/A 0.32 0.46 0.71 0.94 H2S (kg/d) 1.84 N/A 0.18 0.24 0.46 0.81 b. Sludge Leachate Pollution Load Projection Table 9-6 shows the sludge leachate pollution load projection Table 9-6Sludge Leachate Pollution Load Projection |PollutlConcentl Shenyang Fushun Panjin Fuxin Jinzhou ETDZ YingkouETDZ ant I ration I 9-6 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide (mg/I) Disc In- Eff- Disc In- Eff- Disc In- Eff- Disc In- Eff- Disc In- Eff- Disc In- Eff-load har load load har load load har load load har load load har load load har load COD 12000 40 0.48 0.01 N/A N/A N/A 6 0.07 0.00 12 0.14 0.00 24 0.03 0.001 6 0.07 0.001 B eff-240) 0.2S 1 2 BOD 7000 40 0.28 0.00 N/A N/A N/A 6 0.04 0.00 12 0.08 0.00 24 0.03 0.000 6 0.04 0.001 (eff-150) __ _ _ 6 ___I __ 1 12 1 3 ____ SS 1000 40 0.10 0.00 N/A N/A N/A 6r 0.00 10.00 112 10.0110.00124 10.0010.000_ 6 .001 10.0001] (cff-100) _ 4 6 1 2 2 2 2 9.3.2 Impact of Landfill In Shenyang, Fuxin, and Jinzhou ETDZ , the sludge will be landfilled as co-disposal with municipal solid waste. The additional sludge disposal at landfills will shorten the service life of the landfills. However, the increased volume to the landfills can be accommodated by the landfills because of their sufficient disposal capacity in the design. The management of the proposed WwTP and the existing municipal solid waste disposal facility have reached or being negotiating agreement on sludge disposal. As these municipal solid waste disposal landfills have already been designed and built or to be built with the standards for controlling potential adverse impacts such as leachate contamination to the ground water, air emission of landfill gases and environmental nuisance, it is expected that sludge disposal at these sites will not pose significant incremental adverse impacts to the environment. The monofill sites dedicated for Fushun and Yingkou ETDZ will be constructed to sanitary standards with lining, leachate collection and control. All sites are located in the suburbs of the cities they serve. The site investigation indicates that there are no environmentally sensitive receptors such as residential areas in the immediate adjacent areas surrounding these landfill sites. Leachate to be generated from these landfills is one of major potential adverse impact to the groundwater and the surrounding environment. Several leaching tests have been conducted by Chinese environmental protection institutes on municipal solid waste (MSW) and sludge from municipal wastewater treatment facility respectively. The results indicate that heavy metal concentration in the leachate from sludge is lower than that of municipal solid waste under same condition. Table 9-6 shows the detailed results of the lixiviation test. Table 9-6 Heavy Metal Concentration in Leachate from Sludge and Municipal Solid Waste under Same Condition Unit: mg I Soaking 1 hour 2 hour 4 hour X hour 24 hour 48 hour Class III standard for Time] Jsurface water _Zn Sludge 1.11 2.73 3.70 / 3.32 4.14 Waste 1.22 1.07 1.32 1.12 1.68 1.80 Cu Sludge 0.05 0.07 0.09 / 0.10 0.11 1.0 Waste 0.09 0.120 0.168 0.136 0.174 0.144 Pb Sludge 4.35 4.31 5.39 / 8.49 9.58 0.05 X03 X 10-3 X lx-30 l t x 10-1 X 10-30 Waste 0.033 0.048 0.078 0.048 0.065 0.062 Cr Sludge 0.015 0.027 0.039 / 0.068 0.075 0.05 Waste 0.113 0.128 0.132 0.127 0.128 0.124 l 9-7 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide Soaking 1 hour 2 hour 4 hour 8 hour 24 hour 48 hour ClassII standard for Tin surface water Cd Sludge 0.75 0.77 1.03 / 1.23 1.2 0.005 x 10-3 x103 X 10-3 x 10-3 X l0-3 Waste 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.002 Hg Sludge undetec undetec undetec undete undetecte undetected 0.0001 ted ted te-d c-ted d Waste 0.154 undetec undetec undete 0.084 undetected Value undetectd < 0.05 x10-3 t te ted cted x 10-3 X lo-3 Table 9-6 indicates that, landfill of sludge will have similar impact on groundwater as that of municipal waste. Therefore sanitary landfill accepting municipal solid waste are expected to have no incremental and new impacts to the environment when they accept sludge for co-disposal. If contained, collected and treated properly, potential leachate impact will be controlled and have no significant impact to the groundwater. Foul odor from the landfills will pose adverse impact to residents in the surrounding areas. In all landfill sites in the project, there are no sensitive receptors such as villages or other residential and institutional areas. 9.3.3 Impact of Com posting The most important factor in sustainable operation of a composting process is the end utilization of the compost product. The sludge must be safe before it can be applied as a viable long-term option for sludge disposal. According to the National Pollutant Control Standard of Sludge for Agricultural Utilization (GB4284 -- 84), agricultural application is one of viable disposal approaches for sludge if its constituents can meet the standard. To determine the sludge properties as they are related to the standard, a sampling and analysis program has been carries out for sediment sludge in municipal sewerage outfalls in the project cities(see Table 9--2). The results shows that sludge to be produced in this project can be used for agricultural application in terms of heavy metal contents. Particularly the soil in Liaoning Province is generally neutral and alkaline, which has stronger tolerance to sludge than that of acid soil which commonly exists in Southern China. However the wastewater in some project cities contains as high as 50% industrial wastewater, heavy metals as well as other potential harmful materials contents will have to be further confirmed through sampling and analysis of actual sludge samples from the WwTPs once they become operational before agricultural application is adopted. Sludge may be a valuable fertilizer or soil conditioner for agricultural land. However, agricultural utilization is subject to some limitations and disadvantages: * Stability of sludge constituents, environment tolerance; * Effect of heavy metal and toxic concentration in the sludge following long-term land application; * Difficulties in sludge handling due to its physical properties; * Potentially harmful affects to sanitation such as odor to the surrounding communities; and * Possible pollution to surface waters resulting from washout by raining. To overcome these disadvantages, it is necessary to develop operation guideline, both environmentally and sanitarily acceptable, for agricultural utilization of municipal sludge, and meanwhile to establish a comprehensive monitoring and control system, to ensure agricultural 9-8 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Assessment Report-Basin Wide utilization of the sludge could be undertaken in an environmentally and sanitarily acceptable manner. Relevant authorities in China has developed the maximum application rate for agricultural utilization of municipal sludge - 30 t/ha.a. It is further regulated that when the heavy metal concentration near the application standard (GB4284 -- 84), the maximum length of time for sludge application on the same agricultural land is 20 years at most. When exceeding the above regulation, the application of the sludge will be restricted. Agricultural utilization should be determined based on the opinions of potential users. Since too many uncertainties are still related to the sludge, to avoid adverse impacts on the environment, it is recommended that the sludge should not be applied on the following land: * Vegetable land, gazing farm which will operate in the same year of sludge application; * Riverside land and agricultural land with high groundwater table as well as in harvest season; * Sludge application should be forbidden in the wellfields for potable water supply. If the municipal wastewater is primarily from the domestic sources, monitoring results that heavy metal content in the sludge is low. That implies the heavy metal content in the sludge compost product is also low and within the standard. However, if it is proved through additional sampling and testing that the sludge is suitable for agricultural application in terms of heavy metal content, the quantity of sludge application should be stringently controlled in accordance with the National Pollutant Control Standard of Sludge for Agricultural Utilization (GB4284 - 84) and Sanitary Assessment Standard of High Temperature Composting (GB 7959-87). Table 9-7 and 9-8 show the pollution control standard of sludge application for agriculture and sanitary assessment standard for high temperature composting. Table 9-7 Pollution Control Standard of Sludge Application for Agriculture (GB 4283-84) Item Max. Allowed content mg/kg (dry sludge) pH<6.5 soil pH>16.5 soil Cd 5 20 Hg 5 15 Pb 300 1000 Cr 600 1000 As 75 75 Cu 250 500 Zn 500 1000 Ni 100 200 Table 9-8Sanitary Assessment Standard for High Temperature Composting (GB 7959-87) Item Sanitary assessment standard Composting temperature Max. Temperature more than 50-55 C, 5-7 days continuously Mortality 95-100% Coliform 60 199 N/A 15 30 - Occupation Government 210 N/A 117 12 15 16 servant Farmer 423 N/A 195 100 22 62 Worker 85 N/A 7 15 10 20 Student 78 N/A 180 3 5 Others 24 N/A 11 3 2 17 Education Primary 183 N/A 6 5 10 18 Junior middle 328 N/A 182 80 12 60 Senior middle 147 N/A 216 30 10 15 Professional 148 N/A 71 9 5 10 training college University 114 N/A 35 6 15 17 From the Table 10-5, men take 67.1%, while women 32.9%; age composition:19.1% is under-20, 65.9% is 20 to 60, 15% is over 60; occupation composition: 22.7% government servants, 49.1% farmers, 8.4% workers, 16.3% students, 3.5% others; education: 7.5% primary, 40.6%junior middle, 25.6% senior middle, 14.9% professional training college, and 11.4% university. 10.3 Survey Result There are total 852 people file on the questionnaire, 540 people in Shenyang, 60 people in Panjin, 80 people in Fuxin, 52 people in Jinzhou ETDZ and 120 people in Yingkou ETDZ. Following Table 10-6 summnarizes the feedback from the surveyed people against the questionnaire. Table 10-6 Statistics of It round consultation No. Survey contents Surve results People Percent % I Do you know that this project will Clear 754 88 be constructed? Not quite clear 67 8 Do not know 31 4 2 Do you favor this project? Yes 822 96 No 1 No matter 20 3 3 Who will benefit from this project Country 743 87 from your opinion? (multi-choise) Entity 739 87 _ ____________________________ Individual 730 86 4 Do you know the adverse impacts (1) Economic loss 480 56 of poor environment? (2) Living condition 510 60 (3) Human health 730 86 (4) Investment desire 419 49 _ _____________________________ (5) City image 507 60 10-3 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide No. Survey contents Survey results People Percent (%) 5 Do you know how your daily life (1) No effect 4 0.5 is affected by environment? (2) Not serious 357 42 (3) Serious 358 42 _(4) Very serious 133 15.5 6 Do you know what kind benefit (1) Improved living condition 702 82 will be brought by the project? (2) Improved working 479 56 (multiple choise) condition (3) Improved employment 490 57 opportunity (4) Improved human health 624 73 (5) Improved income 439 52 7 Do you favor the siting of the (1) Favor 733 86 WwTP and sludge disposal (2) Against 28 3 facility? (3) No matter 91 11 8 Do you know the to what extent (I) Very large 53 6 the adverse impact on your daily (2) Large 61 7 life during the construction phase (3) Small 194 23 of the project? (4) No matter 534 64 9 The extent of adverse impact on (I) Very large 56 7 your daily life during the (2) Large 94 11 operation (3) Small 138 16 phase in terms of odor and noise. (4) No matter 564 66 10 What action would you like to (1) Move home 87 10 take when you are affected by (2) Accept compensation 733 86 land acquisition and resettlement? (3) Protest 32 4 11 Do you understand the (1) Yes 309 36 compensation policy for land (2) A little 429 50 acquisition and resettlement? (3) No 114 14 12 Do you know to bring the case to (1) Yes 810 95 the court when your right are (2) Do not know 42 5 affronted? I It is the public consensus during the survey that the declining environmental quality resulting from serious water pollution has been taking heavy toll of people's health and wealth. The people surveyed have expressed strong will to start the project as soon as possible because they think they will get enormous benefits, both environmental and economic, from the project. (I) Major public concern After screening, the major public concerns are: * Air-borne dust, noise, transportation and spoil during construction; * Odor and noise of WwTP and pumping station, and leachate from sludge disposal facility, during operation; * Compensation for land acquisition, both temporary and temporary, and resettlement. (2) Response The EA team, and planning and design department have taken the public concerns into design and mitigation development process. The proposed mitigation measures and the residual impacts 10-4 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project Environment ImpactAssessment Report-Basin Wide anticipated will be brought to the public in the second round with press-form information disclosure for review and agreement. 10.4 Information Disclosure Publicity method for information disclosure includes announcement published on local prime newspaper of major information relating to the project, timing and location of public meeting, telephone hotline to reach the documents and draft TOR, and where to comments. 10-5 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide 11 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 11.1 Environmental Management System 11.1.1 Environmental Management institutional Structure The environmental management institution structure is presented in Figure 11-2 below. And Figure 11-2 shows the environmental management institution structure of WWTP. |Provincial L MadingiGroup I |Provincial Construction Proinia committee EPB lucrpo Municipal ptionSy Lis Municipal Constructionl M eime n t S ue City PMO City Drainage Municipal Liao City Company River Otfice Mornitoring Department Wastewater Sludge Wastewater Tratmn Pln DipslSt Interception System Figure 11-1 Environmental Management Institution Structure 11 I November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessmentReport-Basin Wde Each Environmental Functional protection Department Department Monitoring Chief of Environmental egepartment Process protection Unit monto s All workers w Figure 11-2 Environmental Protection Institution Structure of WWTP The WwTP will be responsible for environmental management. Vice director (vice general manager) of the WwTP will be in charge of the work. Security and Environmental Protection department in the plant will be responsible for daily work. This structure forms enterprise's institutional system of environment management. In each department and process unit, full-time or part-time envirounmental staff will be appointed. 11.1.2 Responsibility and Function of Environmental Protection Institution See Details in Table I11- 1. Table 11-1 Responsibility and Function of Environmental Protection Institution Institution's Main responsibility and function name Provincial Responsible for the Second LRBP financed by WB, organizing, coordinating Leading Group and monitoring the relationship among departments, and making macro-economic policies, leaded by Vice Govemor lucrpo Responsible for keeping relation between WB and project city, helping each component to finish the RAP, in charge of the project's bid Provincial EPB Responsible for stipulating the policies of environmental protection management in Liaoning Province, and examining the engineering Provincial Liao Responsible for organizing, coordinating and implementing water pollution River Office control projects in Liao River Basin City PMO To instruct, coordinate and monitor the resettlement work, assist related department to do monitoring activities, and report the progress to lucrpo City Construction Responsible for the implementation, coordination and management of WWTP Bureau and sludge disposal site City Drainage To entrust design institute to determine the extent affected by the project, Copany carry out socioeconomic survey, engage environment assessment institute to 11-2 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide Institution's Main responsibility and function name do EIA Municipal EPB Responsible for supervision and management of local monitoring departments, WWTP, and sludge disposal site Municipal Responsible for monitoring and examining the environment in WWTP and monitoring sludge disposal site department Environmental * To conduct site supervision for the environmental protection during the protection construction period, raise suggestions if finding problem, and solve the department of problem timely, WWTP * To monitoring and supervising the pollution sources in the plant * To assist enterprise's leader or EPB to solve the problems efficiently about the environmental protection of public and pollution accidents * To organize and coordinate environmental protection training for the enterprise's staff * To regulate the rules about environmental management in the plant The environmental management department will be in charge of monitoring and supervising the pollutants discharged in the process units of wastewater treatment. The department should get the information of effluent (influent) volume, quality and treatment effectiveness, to guarantee the routine operation of wastewater treatment facilities and ensure the effluent could meet the discharge standards. The department under the unified leadership of municipal EPB, Construction Commission and WwTP, should meet the central government and World Bank's requirements on environment protection and try its best to reduce the negative impact on environment. They are also responsible for drafting individual pollutant volume control plan and implementation program based on the Pollutant Volume Control Plan issued by Provincial and Municipal Government and monitoring the implementation of the plan. The national and provincial regulations and technical and operational standards should be abided strictly. Daily operation of each department must strictly comply with environmental protection requirements, prevent incident and reduce leakage of wastewater during treatment. The person responsible for environmental protection in the WwTP should cooperate with local environmental protection monitoring station actively to fulfill regular contamination monitoring in order to improve environment quality in this area. 11.2Environmental Monitoring Plan The purpose of environmental monitoring is to understand the status of pollutants discharge and the impact during the construction and operation period to ensure that the mitigation measures could be taken and the impact would be minimized. At the same time, based on findings of analysis of monitoring data, the project management policies should be worked out and used for decision making. 11.2.1 Management and Monitoring Institution Management institution: local EPB and construction bureau Monitoring institution: The monitoring work of pollution source inside the WWTP plant is done by laboratory. Local environmental monitoring station is in charge of the work outside the plant. The WWTP should cooperate actively. 11.2.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan for WWYP 11-3 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide (1) Environmental Monitoring Plan for Surface Water During the construction period, the monitoring items of surface water environment are pH, oil, and SS; during the operation period, the items are pH, SS, CODc, and BOD5. Details see Table I 1-1. Table 11-1 Environment and Pollution Monitoring Plan for Surface Water Monitorin Category Environment monitoring plan items Construction period Operation period Surface Resource of pollutants Excavation and backfill of pipes effluent discharged from WwTP water and ditch, the construction of wastewater WwTP Monitoring items PH, oil, SS, wastewater flow PH, SS, CODcr, BOD,, wastewater flow Executive Quality CategoryV in Environmental CategoryV in Enviromnental Quality Standards standard Quality Standard of Surface Standard of Surface Water(GHZB 1-1999) Water(GHZB1 -1999) Discharge Classll standard and Class III Classll standard and Class III for standard for influent for secondary influent for secondary WwTP in WwTP in Comprehensive Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Wastewater Discharging Standard(GB8978- 1996) Standard(GB8978-1996) Measurment PH-(GB6920-86) IPHSS and flow is the sanme as left. standard SS- -weight BOD5-.(GB37488-87) mncthod(C(B 1 1901-89) CODE r(C'B 11914-89) Oil-i GB/ 1T6488-1996) I loV -- Monitoring point Shenyang: upstream and Shenyang: inlet and outlet of WwTP, downstream of Xi River upstream and downstream of Xi Panjin: upstream and River's outfall downstream of Shuangdaizi Panjin: inlet and outlet of WwTP, River upstream and downstream of Jinzhou: offshore area of Shuangtaizi River Jinzhou harbor, routine Jinzhou: inlet and outlet of WwTP, monitoring point of marine upstream and downstream of Daxing water River's outfall Fuxin: 500m from upstream Fuxin. inlet and outlet of WwTP, and 800m and 1500 from upstream and downstream of Xi downstream of Xi River River's outfall Yingkou: 500m from upstream Yingkou: inlet and outlet of WwTP, and 800m downstrearn of upstream and downstream of western western Honghai River Honghai River's outfall Monitoring frequency In busy construction period, Wastewater discharged from inlet and consecutive 3 days on morning outlet of WwTP will be monitored and afternoon. twice every day. River will be monitored twice every year. Three days for high flow and low flow period respectively, one time per day. (2) Environmental Monitoring Plan for Ground Water The environmental impact to the ground water mainly refer to the ones caused by the treated effluent from WWTP. The monitoring factors are pH, NH3N, total hardness, CODMn, iron and E coli colony. Table] 1-2 presents the monitoring plan. 11-4 November: 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide Table 11-2 Environmental Monitoring Plan for Ground Water Monitoring Category Two years before operation period, and items operation period Ground Monitoring factors PH, total hardness, CODm,, iron, E coli colemy water Executive Quality Category III in Ground Water Quality Standards standard Standard(GB/TI 4848-93) Measurment PI l-(GB6920-86) standard CODM,,,-GB 19 193-89) Nl13N--G G37479-87) Total hardness- _L coli colemny Monitoring point Three points are set up. One is at I 00m from the upstream of the outfall of WwTP, the second is at 100m from downstream of the outfall of WwTP and the third is at 500m from downstream of outfall of WwTP(local wells can be used as monitoring point) Monitong frequency Once in high flow and low flow period respectively (3) Air Environmental Monitoring Plan In the construction period, the monitoring item of atmosphere environmental monitoring is TSP; in the operation period, the items are odor and TSP. Table 11-3 presents the monitoring plan. Tablell-3 Air Environmental Monitoring Plan Monitoring Category Environment monitoring plan item Construction period Operation period Atmosphere Resource of pollutants Dust Odor and dust raising Monitoring items TSP Odor concentration and TSP Standards Quality standard Ambient Air Quality TSP-Ambient Air Quality Standard(GB3095-1996 Standard(GB3095-1 996); odor(H2S): industrial residential area standard (TJ36-79) Discharging Class II of TSP- Class 11 of Ambient Air standard Comprehensive air Quality Pollutants Discharging Standard(GB3095-1996); odor Standard(GB16297-199 concentration - Class 11 of 6) Odor Pollutant Discharge Standard(GB 13223-1996) Category 11 Measuring ISl'P--Nkeicht I SP-weight standard mcthod(GB/Tl5432-95) method(GB/T 1 5432-95j odor concentration- H ,s-( GB/T 14678) Monitoring point Shenyang,Panjin, Two points are set up. One is in Fushun Jinzhou villages near WwTP and the ETDZ, Fuxin and other is at the opposite Yingkou ETDZ: direction of wind 1km away WwTP's location and from location of WwTP. construction location of pipeline 11-5 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide Monitoring Category Environment monitoring plan item Construction period Operation period Monitoring frequency In busy construction TSP, H2S: three days in heating period, monitoring in supply and three days in two days, each time on non-heating supply period, morning, noon and three times every day. night. Odor concentration: the routine operation time is 10-18 hours per day in sunny summer. Each monitoring for each other 2 hours. Total monitoring times is 4 per day. (4) Acoustic Environmental Monitoring Plan In the construction and operation periods, the monitoring items for accoustic environment quality is concentrated on ambient noise and boundary noise of the WwTP. Table I 1-4 presents the monitoring plan. Tablell-4 Noise Monitoring Plan Monitoring Category Environment monitoring plan item Construction period Operation period Noise Source of noise Machines and vehicles Mechanical equipment and blowers in WwTP Monitoring items Leg [ dB(A)] Leg [ dB(A)] Executive Quality and Urban Ambient Noise Ambient noise standard- Urban Standards discharge Standard(GB3096-93) Ambient Noise standard Category Il; Noise Limit at Standard(GB3096-93) Category Construction Site II; Industrial Plant Boundary (GB12523-90) (GB12348-90) Category 11 Measuring Measurement Methods of Measurement Methods of standard Urban Ambient Urban Ambient Noise(GB/T 14623-93); Noise(GB/TI 4623-93); Noise Noise Measurement Measurement Methods of Methods at Construction Industrial Enterprises and Site (GB12524-90) Factories (GB12349-90) Measuring point Construction site and around Boundary of WwTP and nearby residential area residential area Measuring frequency Three times in busy Three days in heating and construction period, twice non-heating supply periods each day, one in morning respectively, two times each and the other in evening. day, one in the morning , the I other at night 11.2.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan for Sludge Disposal The sludge produced during the treatment process will be transferred to sludge disposal site. The monitoring factors of sludge disposal are odor, NH3, H,S, CODcr, BOD5, SS. Details are shown in Table 11-5. Table 11-5 Environmental Monitoring Plan for Sludge Disposal Monitoring Category Operation period item sludge Monitoring Landfill odor, NH3. H2S, CODcr, SS factors composting odor, NH3, H2S, COD,,. BOD5. SS 11-6 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide Executive Quality and Class 11 of Odor Pollutant Discharge Standard (GB14554-93 Standards discharge Pollutant Control Standard for Agricultural standard Sludge(GB4284-84) Leakage: Class I of Pollutant Control Standard for Domestic waste landfill (GB16889-1997) Measuring Odor: (GB/T14675) standard NH3: H,S: (GB/T14678) CODc,: (GB 11914-89) BODs: (GB7488-87) SS: weight method ( GB 11901-89) Measuring point One is in the outfalls of sludge disposal site Other two points will be set up on the boundary of WwTP and the area in the opposite wind direction respectively Measuring frequency Two times every a year, three days for each time, two time in I_each day 11.2.4 Monitoring Results Analysis The monitoring results of sludge should be gathered to do analysis, and be kept for reference. The problem should be resolved timely to avoid pollution to ambient environment. 11.3 Monitoring Institution Strengthening and Training Plan 11.3.1 Monitoring Institution Strengthening The staff wording in laboratory of WWTP should have special training. The main analysis methods should be in accordance with the nation unifonn standard. The analysis process is strictly controlled by chemical engineer in quality guarantee system, and to analyze regular project in the plant under the instruction given by local environmental monitoring station to meet the requirements of monitoring technical standard. The local environmental monitoring station has got a set of regulations and methods about pollution monitoring. The equipment and technology are advanced. It has ability to carry out the monitoring work. 11.3.2 Staff Training Plan Wastewater treatment scheme is an important environmental protection project and gains the support from the WB. The environmental protection should be consistent with international standards to get improvement in regional environment after construction of the project. In order to ensure successful construction and operation of this project, the staff should have strong environmental protection knowledge and skill. These staff engaging in management of WwTP and construction should receive further training so that the environmental protection measures can be carried out actually. The proposed training methods: domestic training and overseas training, which will be preferred based on requirements for management levels and working positions. The staff training plan is presented in Table 1 1-6. Tablell-6 Staff Training Plan Training method & staff arrangement Total cost No. Training content Time Overseas ( 104 Domestic tra ining cost .training cost RMB) Environmental laws 2001- Provincial training, 3 1 technological I and regulations, 2002 people of each city 36 leader from 24 60.0 construction rules, each WwTP 11-7 November, 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide Training method & staff arrangement Total cost No. Training content Time . . . Overseas ( 04 Domestic training cost training cost RMB) environmental monitoring rules and regulati ons . The technology of Provincial training, 2 1 key 2 wastewater 2001- people of each city 30 technological 20 50.0 monitoring and 2002 person from control each WwTP The technology of Provincial training 3 waste gas 2001- 2people of each city 12.5 12.5 monitoring and 2002 control Provincial training, I key 2people of each city technological The technology of 2001- person from 4 sludge control and 2002 54 each WwTP 36 90.0 disposal and sludge landfill site I_______ __________________I_____ ______ respectively S Public participation 2001- Provincial training 20 20.0 and public relation 2002 3people of each city Pollution control and Provincial training 6 management during 2001- 4people of each city 25 25.0 implementation 2002 period _ The control, Provincial training handling and 2001- 2people of each city 2 people of 7 analysis assessment 2002 54 each city(l 36 90.0 of pollution from WwTP) accidents I I Provincial training and municipal Professional training will be 8 environment 2001- combined together, 25 25.0 skill 2002 and the number of protection skJII people will be determined by each city_ 90 people will join professional training, 2001 - the number of people 30 people will 9 Total 2002 receiving on-job join external 372.5 2002 training will be training. determined by each I__ _ city _ 11.3.3 Monitoring Instrument and Equipment Forty-four sets of monitoring instrument and equipment would be equipped to each WWTP to perform monitoring of pollution sources efficiently. Table 11-7 lists the instrument and equipment required. Tablell-7 Main Monitoring Instrument and Equipment No. Name of instrument and Quantity No. Name of instrument and Quantity equipment (set) equipment (set) I High Temperature Stove 1 13 Ion exchange water purifier 1 2 Electrical constant drier 3 14 Refrigerator 3 11-8 November. 2001 Second Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide No. Name of instrument and Quantity No. Name of instrument and Quantity equipment (set) equipment (set) 3 Electrical constant bathing 3 15 Electrical centrifugal I crucible Electrical constant culture I _ 6 _ 4 box 16 Vacuum Pump 2 5 BOD Culture Box 2 17 Bacterium Killer I 6 Spectrometer 3 18 Magnetic mixer 2 7 Acidity Meter 2 19 Microcomputer i 8 DO indicator 3 20 COD indicator I 9 Water content indicator 2 21 Water sampler 2 10 Precision Balance 3 22 Flow meter 2 11 Physical Balance 2 23 Air Condition _ 12 Biology Microscope 1 24 Jet printer I 11.3.4 Environmental Monitoring Cost The environmental monitoring cost includes purchasing cost of monitoring instrument and equipment and operating cost of environmental monitoring. The total cost of monitoring in all projects is 4.487million RMB. Details are presented in Table 1 1-8. Table 11-8 Cost Estimate of Environmental Monitoring Unit: 104 RMB Item Operation cost Cost of instrument Construction Total Name of \ and equipment period Operation period WWTP Shenyang WWTP 106 6.4 9.6 122 Jinzhou WWTP 50 3 4.5 57.5 Fuxin WWTP 92 5.5 8.2 105.7 Yingkou WWTP 60 3.6 5.4 69 Panjin WWTP 82 5 7.5 94.5 11.3.5 Monitoring Data Management (1) Time and Frequency of Monitoring Report Monthly, quarterly and annual monitoring report should be provided, including a quarterly integrated monitoring report and an annual general report. (2) Delivery of Monitoring Report a. The main agencies to review the reports are local EPB, Construction Bureau or Municipal Construction Bureau, PMO, local environmental monitoring station and other high authorities. b. The relative monitoring data will be summarized into the Annual Environmental Quality Report by local environmental monitoring station. c. The original data of monitoring and record should be kept in the filing room of WWTP. 11.4 Environmental Management of Accidental Discharge There are two types of accident discharge, one is the wastewater can't be treated completely. In this case the quality of effluent is the same as that of influence. This case seldom happens. The other type is some troubles occur in the chemical process after treated in physical process. The effluent is 11-9 November, 2001 SecondLiao River Basin Project EnvironmentAssessment Report-Basin Wide treated only 30 to 50 percent. Details see Section 5, Chapter 8. Network accident discharge is that the river and groundwater would be polluted by outflow when the pipelines are broken or caused by power-off or examination of pump station. Timely repair should be carried out to reduce the outflow. 11.4.1 Timely control of incidental discharge When major incident takes place in WwTP or sewer network, the principal leaders should organize related staff to deal with the incident and report to municipality, EPB or urban construction department in a timely manner in order to get coordinated solution to the problems and minimize the harm and loss incurred. 11.4.2 Investigation and Analysis after Incident After the incident, the investigation should be undertaken immediately to determine the trigger. The investigation and analysis report should be kept in filing room and submitted to the concerned departments to trace the responsibility. 11.4.3 Emergency Response Agency An incidental emergency agency, which is formed by the main leaders of WwTP, should be set up before hand. The name list of members should be disclosed to the public. The responsibility should be broken down clearly. The agency should prepare technical plan in advance, keep adequate emergency materials and liaison, to provide precaution measures against any potential incidents. 11-10 November. 2001