EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA DEMOGRAPHICS 81793 WOMEN GENDER AT A GLANCE MEN POPULATION BY AGE, 2010 ALBANIA Source: UN World Population Prospects. 100+ 90-94 80-84 GNI per capita (Atlas Method) US$4,0901 70-74 Population living below US$2.50 11%2 60-64 Most recent…. 50-54 Government Gender Action Plan 2011-2015 40-44 Country Gender Assessment 2014, World Bank3 30-34 Source: 1WDI, 2012. 2ECAPOV, 2008. Estimated as of September 2013. 20-24 Note: 3Forthcoming. 10-14 EQUALITY IN ALBANIA, 2000-2011 0-4 Source: GenderStats, UNECE, Inter-Parliamentary Union. 2000 WOMEN Female gross EDUCATION secondary MEN 2011* enrollment 100 SHARE OF TERTIARY GRADUATES BY AREA OF STUDY, 2011 Source: GenderStats. Education 50 Health Humanities and arts Female labor Science Share of women force 0 Social science, business and law in parliament participation (ages 15-64) Agriculture Engineering, manufacturing and construction Services 0% 50% 100% Women's WOMEN monthly wages as JOBS a share of men's MEN (unadjusted) * Women’s wages as a share of men’s (2009); Share of women in parliament (2013). LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION (% ages 15-64) , 2000- 2011 Source: GenderStats. GLOBAL INDICES Score Max Rank Year 80 World Economic Forum 75 Global Gender Gap Index 0.6655 1 91/135 2012 70 65 UNDP 60 Gender Empowerment Measure - 1 - 2009 55 OECD 50 Social Institutions & Gender Index 0.2790 0 52/86 2012 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 UNEMPLOYMENT (% of labor force), 2001-2009 Source: GenderStats. 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2001 2009 The constitution of Albania guarantees equality for men and women before the law. Men and women have equal ownership and LEGAL FRAMEWORK inheritance rights to property. The default marital property regime is partial community of property. There are no laws restrict- ing the industries in which women may work. Women are entitled to 1 calendar year of maternity leave with 65% of wages paid. The law guarantees pregnant and nursing women workplace protections from dismissal; however, they are not guaranteed placement in an equivalent position when they return from maternity leave nor rights to a flexible schedule. The law stipulates public provision of childcare for children under the age of primary education. The age at which men and women can retire and receive full benefits is 65 and 60, respectively. There is legislation that specifically addresses domestic violence that includes emotional, financial, physical, and sexual abuse. Source: Women, Business, and the Law (2013). PERCEPTIONS Roma Non-Roma ROMA POPULATION Educational expectation for boys/girls (16+)… For boys For girls For boys For girls Primary education 4% 8% 4% 0% Roma Non-Roma Lower secondary education 29% 32% 6% 7% KEY INDICATORS Male Female Male Female Upper secondary education 42% 39% 24% 24% Literacy rate (16+) 68% 62% 97% 93% Post-secondary education 24% 21% 66% 68% Gross enrollment rate Roma Non-Roma (Upper-secondary education 16-19) 17% 10% 65% 55% Believe it somewhat or fully acceptable… Male Female Male Female Average years of education (25-64) 4.6 4.2 9.7 9.5 For a man to slap his wife 46% 43% 25% 28% Employment rate (15-64) 59% 25% 60% 31% For a wife to slap her husband 30% 23% 18% 18% Unemployment rate (15-64) 16% 34% 15% 23% Felt discriminated against because of… POVERTY Roma Non-Roma Ethnicity 43% 43% 2% 3% PPP$2.15 expenditures based 8% 3% Gender 9% 19% 4% 5% PPP$4.30 expenditures based 36% 18% Source: UNDP/WB/EC Roma survey for Albania (2011). Albania Europe & Central OECD Upper Middle Year* Asia Income KEY INDICATORS Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Endowments: Education, Health, and Demographics Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 106 104 103 102 105 104 111 110 2003 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 75 72 100 97 99 99 84 87 2001 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 38 50 54 66 62 74 33 40 2011 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 102 100 98 99 101 101 97 99 2003 Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and above) 97 95 99 98 96 91 2008 Labor force with tertiary education (% of relevant group) 25 31 Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment - 96 - 98 - 100 - 104 2001 Life expectancy at birth (years) 74 80 73 80 77 82 71 75 2011 Maternal mortality rates (per 100,000 live births) - 27 - 21 - 19 - 64 2010 Fertility rates (births per woman) - 1.5 - 1.7 - 1.8 - 1.8 2011 Access to Economic Opportunity Labor participation rate (% of population ages 15-64) 77 56 77 62 79 62 83 65 2011 Unemployment (% of labor force) 12.2 15.9 8.9 8.7 8.0 7.9 2009 Youth unemployment (% of population ages 15-24) 26.2 28.3 19.9 20.5 17.2 16.5 2009 Self-employed (% of employed men/women) 22 15 18 13 Employment rate of persons ages 25-49 with a child under 3 living in household Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) - 11 - - - 2007 Gender pay gap (in average monthly earnings, % of men's - 12 - - - 2009 wages, unadjusted) Share of women employed in the non-agricultural sector (% of - 33 - 47 - 46 - 39 2003 total non-agricultural employment) Account at a formal financial institution (% age 15+) 34 23 73 66 86 80 62 53 2011 Agency Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments(%) - 18 - 24 - 25 - 22 2013 Firms with female top managers (%) - - - - 2007 Share of women among ministers (%) - 7 - 19 - 24 - 15 2012 Percentage agreeing that a husband is justified in hitting or 36 30 2009 beating his wife *Indicates year of country data. All benchmarking data is from the most recent available year. Data from GenderStats (extracted September 10, 2013), UNECE, Inter-Parliamentary Union (as of September 1, 2013), DHS, and the central statistics office of Albania. DATA Please note that where possible, data is from harmonized, internationally comparable sources. WANT TO KNOW MORE? For more information, please visit the Gender Data Portal at www.datatopics.worldbank.org/gender