Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY L &J 31 73 - 0 kV Report No. P-5188-BR MEMORANDUM AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED LOAN IN AN AMOUNT EQUIVALENT TO US$117 MILLION TO THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL FOR THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT February 7, 1990 This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of November 24, 1989) Currency Unit - Brazilian New Cruzado (NCz$) US$ 1.00 - NCzS 6.82 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 1 meter (m) - 3.28 feet 1 kilometer (km) - 0.62 miles 1 hectare (ha) - 10,000 m2 - 2.47 acres 1 square kilometer (km2) - 100 hectares - 0.386 sq miles 1 nautical mile - 1853 meters 1 cubic meter (m3) - 1.31 cubic yards or 264.2 US gallons 1 kilogram (kg) - 2.2 pounds 1 ton - 1,000 kg - 2,205 pounds GOVERNMENT OF BRAZIL FISCAL YEAR January 1 to December 31 ACRONYMS IBAMA Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e doe Recursos Naturais Renovaveis (Brazilian Institute for Environment and Natural Renewable Resources (Ministry of the Interior)) INPE Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (the National Institute for Space Research) PNMA Programa Nacional do Meio Ambiente (National Environmental Program) RIMA Relatorio de Impacto de Maio Ambiente (Environmental Impact Statement) SECIRM Secretaria da Comissao Interministerial para os Recursos do Mar (Secretariat of the Interministerial Commission for Resources of the Sea) SEMA Secretaria Especial do Meio Ambionte (former Special Secretariat for the Environment, until 1988 part of the Ministry of Housing, Urban Development and the Environment) FOR OMCIAL USE ONLY BRAZIL NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT LOAN AND PROJECT SUMMARY Borrower : Federative Republic of Brazil Executing Agency : Institvto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renovaveis (IBAMA). Amount s US$ 117 million equivalent. Terms Repayable in 15 years, including 5 years of grace, at the Bank's standard vari,;Dle interest rate. :_ancing Plan Federative Republic of Brazil US$ 49.4 million IBRD US$117.0 million TOTAL US$166.4 million Staff Appraisal Report : Report No. 8146-BR Maps: Map 1 - Federal Conservation Units (IBRD Map 22019) Map 2 - Conservation Units of the Atlantic Forest (IBRD Map 22020) Map 3 - The Pantanal (IBRD Map 22059) Map 4 - Brazil: Natural Vegetation (IBRD Map 22018) This documnent has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the perforrnance of their official duties. Its conteiits may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. MEMOGRAVIDUM. AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED LOAN TO THE FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL FOR THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT 1. The following memorandum and recommendation on a proposed loan to the Federative RepubLic of Brazil for US$117 million is submitted for approval. The proposed loan would be repayable in 15 years, including 5 years of grace, at the Bank's standard variable interest rate. It would help finance the first phase of Brazil's National Environmental Program (PNMA). 2. Background. During the 1980s in Brazil, there has been a growing recognition by the public and Government, that sustainable and efficient economic development can only be assured if development programs are based on sound natural resource management. The protection of the environment is therefore considered a central issue in Brazil, and the Government has made a significant effort to deal with it under a systematic policy and institutional framework. Brazil now faces three key issues that Government policy is attempting to address: (i) the need for better conservation of immediately endangered and irrecuperable environmental resources: (a) how best to protect the most vulnerable ecosystems -- now recognized as being on the verge of destruction -- such as the Pantanal wetlands, the remnants of the Atlantic Forest and parts of the the Brazilian Coast from uncontrolled land clearing, pollution and other destructive activities, and (b) how best-to provide for the long term conservation of areas representative of all of the country's endemic systems under its National System of Conservation Units; (ii) the need for strengthening of the institutional framework: how best to equip the institutions of the environment sector for effective environmental management, protection, and enforcement of the existing regulatory framework for environmental licensing, monitoring, and planning; and, (iii) the need for further strengthening of the policy and regulatory frameworkt in order to (a) harness the potential contribution of the Amazon to development, without giving rise to the environmental and agricultural production problems, such as the degradation of soils and loss of forest cover; (b) improve the management of land and water resources to redur.e the incidence of soil erosion, water pollution, siltation and the consequences of these for agricultural production, health and periodic flooding or water shortages, respectively; and (c) address the effects of rapid urbanization and industrial growth on air pollution, water management and waste disposal. 3. Over the last two years i3 parallel with the preparation of the PNMA that would be supported by the proposed project, the Government has modified a number of important policies and laws, which conflicted with environmental protection and management goals. One major action was the adoption of the "Nossa Natureza" Program for the control of environmental degradation, especially in the Amazon. It revised the two key policies which had, until its decree in April 1989, directly contravened environmental goals. These were: (a) the elimination of fiscal incentives for the establishment of extensive livestock schemes in forest areas in the Amazon (previously, these incentives had been a major cause for land clearing in rainforest areas); and, (b) the elimination of legislation which required land clearing as proof of land occupancy and a precondition for land titling (also a major cause of land clearing in the Amazon). The "Nossa Natureza" Program also included measures in support of extractive sustainable uses of the forest; for the control of mining (to cut down on the indiscriminate use of mercury); and, for setting aside large areas as National Forests. At the same time, Government undertook a major institutional reform of the environment sector, merging the previously dispersed government agencies which had environmental responsibilities in a single National Environmental Agency (IBAMA), with statutes that allow for greater autonomy in environmental management and protection. IBAMA has some 5,600 employees (202 with its Brasilia headquarters, and 80? with its state level Superintendencies), and its annual budget in 1989 was in the order of US$100 million. - 2 - 4. These actions represent substantial progress, and provide a good framework for expanding protection programs; however, overall environmental management and protection must be further improved. Enforcement of environmental laws is only partially effective, because of the constraints under which the environment sector operates. The enforcement of legal requirements, such as environmental impact studies (RIMAs), licensing (and subsequent monitoring and enforcement), environmental zoning, and the protection of unique ecosystems and bio-diversity in Conservation Units (para.5) have been limited by: (a) serious institutional and funding problems, at the federal and state levels; (b) a lack of clear standards and guidelines for the preparation, approval and enforcement of RIMAs, which are mandatory for all large industrial, mining, infrastructure or agriculture projects; (c) a lack of well defined environmental regulations; (d) a lack of systematic consideration of environmental factors in regional and sectoral planning; (e) some remaining contradictions between environmental law and some broader economic policies and incentives; (f) a lack of environmental research, as well as poor use and dissemination of existing scientific information; and, (g) a lack of public awareness and understanding of environmental issues. As a result, serious and in part irreversible damage to the environment has occurred in many areas of Brazil, at high economic and social cost. 5. If major, irrecuperable losses in genetic materials are to be avoided, these problems must be addressed and Brazil's conservation system strengthened through increased protection in existing conservation areas and the designation of additional, carefully selected areas. In order to preserve some of Brazil's unique ecosvRtemA. which are on the verge of suffering irreversible losses, localized conservation efforts will not suffice, and broader regional programs for environmental management, control of land use and polluting activities, watershed protection and law enforcement for the protection of flora and fauna will be necessary. Brazil is widely recognized as possibly containing the richest diversity of genetic materials in the world, and has been classified as one of the world's six "mega-diversity" countries by the World Wildlife Fund. Major examples of endemisms in Brazil can be found in the Amazon, the Pantanal wetlands, the Atlantic Forest, the Cerrado and along the Coast. To conserve the country's biological resources, Government has established a National System of Conservation Units, under which, as of July 1989, Brazil had 123 federal Conservation Units (2.45Z of the national territory) and 205 state conservation areas. So far, however, the maintenance of this conservation system, which requires significant research, protection and land tenure regularization, has been precarious and it must be strengthened if major, irreversible losses in genetic materials are to be avoided. In addition, broader regional programs for control of land use, pollution, and for the enforcement of laws protecting watersheds, flora and fauna are necessary. 6. Rationale for Bank Involvement. The Bank's strategy for Brazil emphasizes a wide spectrum of environmental issues, including soil erosion, depletion of renewable resources and bio-diversity, and air and water pollution from industrial or mining sources. Over recent years, environmental issues hate assumed increasing importance in connection with the Bank's program in Brazil, because most operations have a direct impact on the environment, and, beyond this, because the Bank's interest in sustainable and efficient economic development can only be assured if development programs in Brazil are based on sound natural resource management. Externalities must be fully taken into account or long-term returns to the economy will be misjudged and development activities risk being misoriented. The Bank is concerlled with the impact of environmental problems on people (among others through problems in air and water pollution, and sanitation), and of broader effects of ervironmental problems, such as the deforestation of the Amazon basin and the extinction of unique species. - 3 - 7. The overall objective of a strategy for Bank assistance to the Government in the environmental sector in Brazil would be to help put in place an economically rational and effective system of environmental management and protection, that balances objectives of environmental management and economic development. Such a system must address the issues of conservation of bio-diversity, the protection of vulnerabie ecosystems, Amazon development, land and water resources, and urban and industrial pollution, within the broad guidelines of environmental directives and legislation in Brazil. To help overcome present constraints, the Bank's assistance strategy in the environmental sector is multi-pronged. Through lending instruments, the Bank is helping to finance freestanding projects and environmental protection components of projects which have an impact on the environment. It is helping to strengthen the institutional capacity for environmental management, evaluation and planning of organizat:.ons directly responsible for the environment, as well as of other government organizations, whose programs might affect the environment (e.g. in the energy and transport sectors). Economic and sector work, as well as related support for ongoing Brazilian technical aseessments of the environment, are being undertaken to increase the knowledge base for the identification of appropriate economic and other policy incentives and interventions that would support sound environmental management and protection. In the short-term, four objectives call for immediate Bank support: (i) the strengthening of Brazil's Conservation System; (ii) the protection of critically endangered ecosystems, which would otherwise suffer permanent, irreversible losses, (iii) the strengthening of the institutional capacity to implement and monitor environmental policies, and (iv) the initiation of a longer term process to improve the regulatory framntork. Over the meditum-term, as environmentally-damaging activities become better understood--both on the technical and economic fronts-- these institutional regulatory efforts will have to be supplemented, as appropriate, by more market-oriented policy instruments such as, inter alia, pollution taxes, selective tax-subsidy schemes and marketable permits. 8. Over the last decade, the Bank has supported environmental, forestry, and Amerindian protection programs under many of its projects in Brazil. The Northwest Region Development Projects (Loans 2060, 2116 dnd 2353-BR) and the Carajas Iron Ore Project (Loan 2196-BR) were the first significant environriental programs, which were supported by the Bank; they had mixed results but provided important lessons regarding the design and execution of environmental programs. This first set of projects was followed by the more successful Loans for the Electric Power Sector (First Electric Power Sector Loan (Loan 2720-BR)), and for Pollution Control in Sao Paulo (Loans 1822-BR and 2831-BR). The most recent loan in support of environmental management was the Parana Land Management Project (Loan 3018-BR) (which, among others, provided funds for start-up conservation activities in the Atlantic Forest Region of the State of Parana). In 1989, the Bank also agreed to reallocate funds under the Northwest Loas to an emergency campaign for the containment of forest fires in Amazonia. 9. The major lessons emerging from the experiences under the e'rlier projects, have been the recognition of the importance of the consistency of the objectives reflected in the overall economic policy framework, and of the specific environmental actions supported in project or sectoral lending. Capable institutions for effective environmental management, an adequate legal framework, and broad educat.onal information programs have been shown to be of critical importance. Based on the range of its project experience in Brazil, its good dialogue with Government on these issues, and broader technical and economic work on environmental issues, the Bank appears to be in a singular position to assist the Government in the implementation of a national environmental program. -4- 10. Project Objectives. The project objectives are: (i) the strengthening of the protection of the most important conservation areas, and endangered ecosystems, and a reduction of economic and environmental losses. in the Pantanal, Amazonia, Atlantic Forest and the Coastal Zone, and (ii) the strengthening of the national environmental agency, IBAMA, and of state level environmental agencies, and of environmental licensing, montitoring and planning functions, especially the guidelines for RIMAs, Environmental Zoning, River Basin Management and the management of toxic substances. 11. Project Description. The project would support the first three-year phase of Brazil's PNMA. It would finance: (i) the strengthening of the National System of Conservation Units (29Z of baseline cost), through improved protection of 50 existing conservation areas and establishment of at least five additional ones representative of important ecosystems; (ii) Protection of Ecosystems (35? of baseline cost), through special projects for environmental management and protection for the Pantanal wetland, the remnants of the Atlantic Forest, and endangered ecosystems along the Brazilian coast, and (iii) Institutional Development (34? of baseline cost), through measures for the strengthening of IBAMA and selected State level environmental agencies, including provision of mane,ement and legal assistance, training, equipment, remote sensing and data-base information systems. Measures to strengthen the regulatory framework, and environmental education would also be supported. IBAMA would be responsible for overall coordination of the project, and for the execution of the Conservation Units and Institutional Development components. For the Protection of Ecosystems component, IBAMA would, through Operating Agreements, delegate local environmental protection tasi's to the environmental agencies of participating state governments. The Bank Loan of US$117 million would cover 752 of total project cost. This disbursement ratio is justified: (i) to ensure that current fiec±l ce -etr xntc do not further de'lay critical eavituluenLai protection programs, which must be implemented now although their benefits will only materialize over the long term, (ii) because important initial policy and institutional actions have already been taken by Government during the preparation of this Loan, in an effort to begin to put in place a significant environmental protection program; and (iii) to minimize risks to the prompt execution of environmental protection programs through shortfalls or delays in counterpart funding. Recurrent costs for environmental protection activities would be financed on a declining basis, and subsequently assumed by the respective state governments for state activities, and by the federal government for federal conservation areas. Retroactive financing will be made available for project expend4.tures incurred after November 15, 1989, up to an amour.t not exceeding 10? of the loan. 12. Agreed Actions. Government has agreed to the following actions: (A) as conditions for loan effectiveness: (i) that a unit responsible for Project coordination would be in operation in a manner satisfactory to the Bank, with adequate staff, equipment, facilities and other resources, and that the positions of head of said unit and of three coordinators who will assist the head of the unit, have been filled with professionals whose qualifications, experience and terms of reference are satisfactory to the Bank; (ii) that IBAMA has assigned eight professionals, whose qual'fcations, experience and terms of reference are satisfactory to the Bank, to project activities; (iii) that higher level staff, in adequate numbers and with qualifications and experience acceptable to the Bank, have been retained by IBAMA to strengthen its Directorate for Administration and Finance, and that the latter has been provided with adequate accounting equipment; and, (iv) that the counterpart funds required to carry out the first year of the Project shall have been approved in terms consistent with the estimated costs itl the 1990 budget of the Borrower; (B) as conditions for loan disbursement: (v) for each existing Conservation Unit to be consolidated under the project, that IBAMA would have updated its 1988 baseline data on the the status of that Unit; (vi) for the execution of the Protection of Ecosystems and Institutional Development components, that the respective Operating Agreements with each of the participating States and executing agencies will have been signed on terms and conditions satisfactory to the Bank; (vii) for the Brazilian Coast sub-component, as a condition for disbursement under - 5 - the project in each State and at the level of the Secretriat of the Interministerial Council for Resources of the Sea (SECIRM), that local project coordination and administrative arrangements be in place, on terms and conditions satisfactory to the Bank; (viii) for the Remote Sensing sub-component, that IBAMA will have submitted to the Bank (a) a copy of the executed agreement between IBAMA and INPE, satisfactory to the Bank, u,der which INPE shall train staff to be assigned by IBAMA for the interpretationi of remote sensing data in the 4 centers included under the project, and (b) detailed terms of reference for the administration and staff of, and first year training programs and required consultants'services for, the 4 centers included under the project; and (C) among the dated covenants: (ix) that, by June 30, 1990, IBAMA will have furnished to the Bank, for comments, detailed draft terms of reference for the first set of studies proposed under the Technologies for Environmental Management sub-component; (x) that, by June 30, 1990, IBAMA shall contract the services of a management consulting firm to assist with the structuring of IBAMA; and (xi) that, by September 1, 1990, ar. independent academic institution will be hired by IBAMA, with qualifications and under terms of reference satisfactory to the Bank, for the carrying out of annual iidependent evaluation studies of the project. 13. Benefits. The immediate benefits of the project would bet (i) better protection and conservation of bio-diversity in existing priority Conservation Units, and the creation of additional Conservation Units in other endangered habitats; (ii) better environmental management and protection of the ecosystems of Amazonia, the Pantanal, the Atlantic Forest, and the Coast; and, (iii) improvements in the institutional and regulatory framework, which would have a country wide impact, (a) within the environment sector, through improved capacity in key agencies (better trained personnel, better access to and use of environmental information and available expertise, better equipment and technical support from IBAMA for selected State Environmental Agencies, improved legislation, environmental licensing, planning and control procedures, and Lmproved opportunities for environmental financing from a variety cf public and private sources); and, (b) outside the environment sector, among the wider community (better information, comm PADL2 Chemical. a Pet.chmicale 18.50 6.50 25.00 Total Cram Co_itta 1,308.40 147.10 510. 50 Loa ncellation. Torainatlons. Repaypento and Salon 0UZ S41 4 9 Total Caitentt Mm Held by W- 43.53 92.6u 540.02 Total UnidlAmrd 1UCI am^ ai;m IBRD 22018 0o. ( Yo0. 50, 40° SURINRMA ZRAZL AVENZ v 3 ) SURINAME NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL O IENEZUELA- 0 Boo PROJECT COLOMBEIA X NATURAL VEGETATION *'.~~~~~~~~~~~7V' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Macnp ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~E Savannai N ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Steppe 'U ~ ~ ~ V'v nv~~~~L3Steppe savanna SnI;nen( * Far3alemo[T] Swamps and sand formaSsoF s V ,-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Dense Amazon / Atlantic farest Transition Forest - ! NatalT0NA J g i y w , N (1 1g /\ ^f Al gr ° 20 00 60 B0 O0Pine forest U ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Semideciduaus forest * attn i '~~~~~~~, r~~~MneLN~g L Deciduous forest PERU ~'.l aedrAreas of ecological tension BOLIVIA L-ARivers ) sit~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ State capitals ( ( $ N atio n al capKILO M ETER SA R G EN IIN A l - ' Caj URUGUAY. ~ Internatil J Y Ioundaries 20- ~ VENEZUELA COLOMBIA - N PARAGUAY' Sao Paula .Rio de Joneiro L It 2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Ae.20 40 1 0 0 / I L-'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I1 ARGENTINA fit Flariae6potis BOLIVIA~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ARENIN * ( I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~?'~~~~~~~~~~~~ URUaGUAaAY00 40 00 80 0 50 4 0, JANUIARY 1990 IBRD 22019 yb* / C on sc ob' ior 2l0 VENEZUELA C ' F COLOMBIA 173fJ "'cl./ \.o 1GIN/V A0wUON P. ic'NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT COLOMBIA GE MMANAUYANA APIOrA14. FEDERAL CONSERVATION UNITS CT> 1k y' RORAIMA * - AAu\e,j AMAPA i6eoonsiumss, 0- Nat LAP|P>J National Parks ' \ ) . \X \ 1ff5> r ,|r ]~~~O' E~7 " Biological Reserves o 'mmu-nuLkI\R IARwoituuAe, ss IROSEESTAsr N .. National Forests . | I SARA rs WAVAs N 1F W PNCI.AF M0l1NtSI N1|P_. a Forest Reserves , LAPAA6SOUASO!.R/ AT45 Npj * RscOAcOAPAm P u.1 Ecological Reserves AMAZONAS U PARA SET 'srncis A P- stLt5U cnoLsaocss, | Ecologica Stations AJ&AZONA NP. MOH EcologicalH TEPt N 0 Asup" /.r ' MARANHAO CEARA up. Environmental Protection Area nfl 8SAPSEAP5 s.t se~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~uas s 0 GRANDE o o ses nns o$ $ DO NORTE */ FAT*URUCANIAfi F.R. pi, PIA 1 1 F 5151 SEQOIA State Boundaries fft-DQQA\Wft tN.R. P,WN A^ i.S. 6;,I! FR, 5teEr eSAid - international Boendaries 4 ARCR.0OtSS F P/URCEPAt6 F NEl~J~7Ano LAUA ERSODAC#OM1SAE.r''E~GS 9AVI 0 250 S00 750 1000 PERU L.IjR R PACNTNPS FADA0 mr KILOMETERS ACR E!' R U o sO : COM P00505 ArAN=s ^ \0- PAIAIs N ;1t t S l P Atl.S. Pcc 1SAHIA r MNTA t5tLSl r'u'1noses ADr.R. MATO GROSSO K / < . _ t CHAPOA DANAA, NP.S CHAFT OS5 VEA.DIROS SN.P. Nlhl'DAtenAts , { J Z GOIAS ritA CoA6o"11 TA A P SE; OM AAI5itLS MDESCOiERlO En susr,R 20'TAU. r BOLIVIA TTA-AAES .OW Ts . MINAS GERAS AONTtM5C0ALS 6 *ccd \""""'..., | 90330 *F-50 iSTtRROAOP5AE 50SPTA 20' IMATO GROSSO 'Clw COR .ROGOoDOO I I'. ? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ESPI RITO SANTO -20, DOSU SEUALACDoASIMIQt C 2 PARAGUAY R .ElA E. 2 CHILE . \ >} * 6,, nsrl^AND^rO.C^'^ - N|:7 |tl TrGU^FI-HjtM.t. X I ; NLFAOM.UNAGOA, r5 nousN.F. 50 1.5. /,,TS5ODOOM5~~~~~tOF '90R OJPREC0 N) J J)C C. oCACOF. SANTA -MA0IsSGA H -L t / .._g.rtH^Nssc6 CATARINA LCRa0ss. S 515544 S.F. ~~~~~~~~AMERIA ;/ . ASSOFUNDONO ARAC,Jn.S SAOIOAGUIMN;. . .: i . j 230' { ARGENTINA RIO GRANED E AP 5AOS DA SARPA N.P. .) _ i /^\ovDO SUiL . . / . LAGOA DO PElXEN.P. 30_ LL \ | URUGUAY 70;' 6o 5o 4' 3,0' DECEMBER 1989 Conservation Units of the Conservation Units of the Conservation Units of the State of Santa Catarina State of Parana Stat. of Sao Paulo 01-Nat. Park of Aparados da Serra 01-Forestry Park Rio da Oneca 1-State Park of Ilha do Cardoso 02-Nat. Park of Sao Joaquim 02-Biological Reserve State of Guaraguacu 02-State Park of Jacupiranga 03-State Park of Serra do Tabuleiro 08-Biological Reserve Mananciais da Serra 03-APA Cnanseis Iguape - Peruibe 04-State Park Serra Furada 04-State Park of Lauraceas 04-APA Ilha Comprida 08-Biological Reserve State of Canela Prota 0S-_etropolitana State Forest 05-Ecological Station Chauss 06-Biological Reserve State of Sassafras 0r-State Park of Canpinhos 06-Ecological Station Jureia Itatins 07-Biological Reserve State of Aguai 07-State Park of Eufrasina 07-Turistic State Park of Alto Ribeira (PETAR) 08-Ecological Station of Bracinho 08-A.E.I.T. MNrumbi I 08-APA Serra do Mar 09-Ecological Station of Babitonga 09-A.E.I.T. Marumbi II 09-Fazends Fundacao Forestal 10-Ecological Station of Carijos 10-Ecological Station of Guaraquecaba 10-Ecological Station of Xitue 11-Forestry Park of Rio Verselho 11-Ecological Station of Ilka do Mel 11-State Park Carlos Botelho 12-Municipal Park of Lagoa do Peri 12-A.P.A. of Guaraquecaba 12-State Reserve of Sao Roque 13-State Park of Serra do Mar Conservation Units of the Conservation Units of the 14-Area Tosbada do Qui lombo State. of Rio da Janeiro State of Espiritu Santo 15-Stat. Park of Ilhabela 16-State Park of Ilha Anchieta 01-National Park of Itatiala 01-Municipal Ecological Station Ilha do 17-National Park of Serra Bocaina 02-National Park of Serra Bocaina Lameirao 03-Ecological Reserve of Praia do Sul 02-Municipal Reserve Serra do Aricanga 04-State Park of Ilha Grande 03-Municipal Reserve of Manguezais do 05-Arqueological Biological Reserve Estuario of Rios Piraquescu e Piraquemsirie of Cuaratiba 04-Ecological Station Mosteiro Morro da Vargem 00-State Park of Pedra Branc 0S-Permanent Preservation Area of Mat. das F lores 07-Future National Park of Tingu: 00-Forestry Reserve of Bananal do Norte 08-National Park of Tijuca 07-National Park of Caparao 09-Forestry Reserve of Grajau 0r-State Park of Cachoeira da Fussca 10-Biological Reserve of Araras 00-State Park of Forno Grande 11-National Park of Serra dos Orgaos 10-Forestry Reserve of Pedra Azul 12-State Park of Desengano 11-Biological Reserve of Duss Bocas 12-State Park of Font. Grande l3-Biological Reserve Mestre Alvaro 14-Biological Reserve of Nova Lombardia 15-Biological Roserve of Comboios 18-Forestry Reserve of Goitacazes 17-Forestry Reserve of C.V.R.D. 18-Biological Reserve of Sooretas 19-Forestry Reserve Corrego do Veado 20-Fazends Sao Joaquim _ ;o > > cnz 0 > > Z 33;9o i .~~~~ B- On, Aa Z __zj - |7 m >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~8 i -'ZNti B' ~ ~ z a-a 0- 0w / g *r ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -4 03 a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ t M ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ IBRD 22059 Th. iom.? hs& dO | *l ^. 550 B R AZ IL Corpoooion. The rdneomlnoio wd v d ii, bo a d ni eon l w r ne~ d u.o r IL NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT MATO GROSSO THE PANTANAL The Pantonol / - / Major Roads 150 /' - \~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-' ~~~~~Rivers15 15° ) \ 15 0 State Capitals ,, _ t % I - , ---- State Boundaries \ \ l t Cuicb6 _ _ International Boundaries 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ <+1i6 core < 190 150 290 250 KILOMETER \ > f ^ *^ > ^ ^^ tig ~~~~~~~~~~Rndon6polis B o lI§VIA - a:A ^~-,, | >.;' N~~~\ ~~MATO GROS~O -20,T n aS DO SO L 201 Aq Api 4 u nqmCampo Grandp m)~~~~ ~ ~~~~ 'Nb *s VENEZUELA 51- NAME COLOMBIA),j ~~~~Autkinc Qccan S .>)2 > <.< ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~B R A Z I L) PERU Tv'i-N ' yJ PERU . Ateo of Map * ^Brasilia _ r/,'~~~~~~~~ ) ~~~~ ~~\ ; gARGENTINA JANUARY I99O v I