SFG3779 V4 REV PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE OF THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE OF THAI NGUYEN CITY --------------o0o-------------- ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) (Final Report) DYNAMIC CITIES INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (DCIDP) THAI NGUYEN CITY SUBPROJECT THAI NGUYEN, MARCH 2018 PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE OF THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE OF THAI NGUYEN CITY --------------o0o-------------- ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) (Final Report) DYNAMIC CITIES INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (DCIDP) THAI NGUYEN CITY SUBPROJECT PROJECT OWNER CONSULTANT PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE OF THAI VIETNAM AE INVESTMENT AND NGUYEN CITY CONSULTANT JOINT STOCK COMPANY THAI NGUYEN, MARCH 2018 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES ...............................................................................................................viii ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................................... x EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 8 A. Background of the Subproject ............................................................................................ 8 A.1 Overview 8 A.2. Thai Nguyen City Subproject .......................................................................................... 9 B. Related Subprojects and Planning ..................................................................................... 9 C. Competent agencies and organizations in charge of approving the investment subproject and ESIA .............................................................................................................. 11 D. Legal and technical basis of ESIA preparation .............................................................. 11 E. ESIA Implementation Arrangements .............................................................................. 17 F. Environmental and social assessment methods ............................................................... 18 CHAPTER 1. SUBPROJECT DESCRIPTION .............................................................. 21 1.1. Overview .................................................................................................................... 21 1.1.1. Name of the Subproject .......................................................................................... 21 1.1.2. Subproject Owner .................................................................................................. 21 1.1.3. The objectives of the Subproject ............................................................................ 21 1.1.4. Locations of work items under the Subproject ...................................................... 21 1.2. Work items of the Subproject ..................................................................................... 23 1.3. Auxiliary works .......................................................................................................... 32 1.4. Construction method and technologies ...................................................................... 33 1.4.1. Generic construction methods ............................................................................... 34 1.4.2. Road construction method ..................................................................................... 34 1.4.3. Bridge construction method................................................................................... 35 1.4.4. Methods of ditch dredging and construction ......................................................... 36 1.4.5. Methods for construction of Kindergarten ............................................................ 38 1.4.6. Removal of power posts ......................................................................................... 39 1.4.7. Regulatory requirement on the minimum distance between residential/business areas and the infrastructure .......................................................................................... 39 1.5. List of machines and equipment ................................................................................. 40 1.6. Raw materials and fuel demand ................................................................................. 41 1.6.1. Construction volume of work items ....................................................................... 41 1.6.2. Material resources ................................................................................................. 42 1.6.3. Disposal site .......................................................................................................... 51 Page | i Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 1.6.4. Labor force demand ............................................................................................... 52 1.7. Subproject implementation schedule.......................................................................... 53 1.8. Investment capital....................................................................................................... 54 1.9. Subproject Management and Implementation ............................................................ 56 CHAPTER 2. NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 58 2.1. Natural conditions ...................................................................................................... 58 2.1.1. Geographic location, topography and geology ..................................................... 58 2.1.2. Climate Meteorological Condition ........................................................................ 60 2.1.3. Hydrological conditions ........................................................................................ 63 2.2. Socio-economic conditions ........................................................................................ 73 2.2.1. Economic conditions .............................................................................................. 73 2.2.2. Social conditions.................................................................................................... 73 2.2.3. Physical cultural resources ................................................................................... 75 2.3. Infrastructures and services ........................................................................................ 75 2.3.1. Transport ............................................................................................................... 75 2.3.2. Water supply conditions ........................................................................................ 76 2.3.3. Water drainage ...................................................................................................... 77 2.3.4. Power supply ......................................................................................................... 77 2.3.5. Solid waste management........................................................................................ 77 2.3.6. Flooding and wastewater pollution ....................................................................... 78 2.3.7. Environmental and social conditions in the specific Subproject areas ................. 79 2.3.8. Description of sensitive works ............................................................................... 87 CHAPTER 3. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ......................................................... 90 3.1. Current situation and considered alternatives ......................................................... 90 3.2. Cases “With” and “Without” the subproject .............................................................. 90 3.3. Analysis of technical alternatives ............................................................................... 93 3.3.1. Description of the considered criteria ................................................................... 93 3.3.2. Construction of Southnorth road and Huong Thuong bridge ............................... 94 3.3.3. Construction of Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road ............................................ 103 3.3.4. Upgrading and construction of Dong Bam road ................................................. 106 3.3.5. Rebuilding of Dan bridge .................................................................................... 109 3.3.6. Upgrading and construction of Le Huu Trac road.............................................. 112 3.3.7. Rehabilitation of Xuong Rong ditch .................................................................... 112 3.3.8. Mo Bach stream drainage ditch rehabilitation ................................................... 117 3.3.9. Construction of Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung Kindergartens .................... 119 CHAPTER 4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ........ 120 Page | ii Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 4.1. Positive impacts........................................................................................................ 120 4.2. Potential environmental and social impacts ............................................................. 124 4.3. Impacts and risks during the pre-construction phase ............................................... 125 4.3.1. Impacts of land acquisition.................................................................................. 125 4.3.2. Unexploded Ordnance-related Safety Risks ........................................................ 137 4.4. Impacts and risks during the construction phase ...................................................... 137 4.4.1. Generic impacts during the construction phase .................................................. 138 4.4.2. Site specific impacts ............................................................................................. 162 4.4.3. Impacts on sensitive works .................................................................................. 173 4.5. Impacts and risks during the operation phase .......................................................... 176 CHAPTER 5. MITIGATION MEASURES .................................................................. 181 5.1. Mitigation measures in the pre-construction phase .................................................. 181 5.2. Mitigation measures during the construction phase ................................................. 185 5.2.1. Generic mitigation measures ............................................................................... 185 5.2.2. Site specific mitigation measures ........................................................................ 185 5.2.3. Mitigation measures of impacts on sensitive works ............................................ 192 5.3. Mitigation measures during the operation phase ...................................................... 195 CHAPTER 6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) 198 6.1. Basic principles ........................................................................................................ 198 6.2. Mitigation measures ................................................................................................. 199 6.2.1. Mitigation plan of generic impacts (ECOPs) ...................................................... 199 6.2.2. Mitigation plan of site-specific impacts during the construction phase .............. 209 6.2.3. Mitigation Plan of Impacts on Sensitive Works during the construction phase .. 214 6.2.4. Mitigation plan of site-specific impacts during the operation phase .................. 219 6.2.5. Management of Impacts on Physical Cultural Resources ................................... 223 6.3. Environmental - social monitoring program ........................................................... 223 6.3.1. Objectives of the environmental monitoring program ........................................ 223 6.3.2. Review of contractor's documents ....................................................................... 224 6.3.3. Environmental monitoring criteria ...................................................................... 224 6.3.4. Monitoring implementation of Dredged Material Management Program (DMMP) 225 6.3.5. Monitoring efficiency of ESMP implementation.................................................. 226 6.4. Roles and responsibilities for ESMP implementation .............................................. 226 6.4.1. Institutional Arrangement.................................................................................... 226 6.4.2. Environmental Compliance Framework.............................................................. 229 6.5. Capacity building program ....................................................................................... 234 Page | iii Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 6.5.1. Technical Assistance support for the safeguard implementation ........................ 234 6.5.2. Training programs ............................................................................................... 235 6.6. Estimated cost of environmental and social management plan ................................ 237 6.7. Grievance redress mechanism (GRM) ..................................................................... 238 CHAPTER 7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISLCOSURE 241 7.1. Objectives and basic principles ................................................................................ 241 7.1.1. Objectives of public consultation......................................................................... 241 7.1.2. The basic principles of public consultation ......................................................... 241 7.2. Implementation methods .......................................................................................... 241 7.2.1. The first public consultation ................................................................................ 241 7.2.2. The second public consultation ........................................................................... 242 7.3. Results of public consultations ................................................................................. 243 7.4. Information disclosure .............................................................................................. 254 CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND COMMITMENT ............................. 255 REFERENCES 258 APPENDIX 259 Page | iv Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject LIST OF TABLES Table 1: List of ESIA preparators............................................................................................. 18 Table 2: Detailed description of work items ............................................................................ 23 Table 3: Some reference locations for building site camps ...................................................... 32 Table 4: Minimum environmentally safe distance ................................................................... 39 Table 5: Typical construction machines and equipment .......................................................... 40 Table 6: Summary of main items of DCIDP - Thai Nguyen City Subproject.......................... 42 Table 7: Constructional Material Suppliers .............................................................................. 43 Table 8: Transportation route of materials ............................................................................... 46 Table 9: Transportation route to Da Mai disposal site and Tich Luong disposal site .............. 51 Table 10: Tentative quantity of labor force at construction site ............................................... 52 Table 11: Summary of proposed subproject implementation schedule .................................... 53 Table 12: Total investment of the subproject ........................................................................... 54 Table 13: Monthly and yearly average temperatures ............................................................... 61 Table 14: Monthly average rainfall .......................................................................................... 61 Table 15: The monthly, yearly average relatively humidity .................................................... 62 Table 16: Monthly, yearly average wind speed ........................................................................ 62 Table 17: Classification of atmospheric stability ..................................................................... 62 Table 18: Statistics of average flooded area in flood season of Thai Nguyen city .................. 64 Table 19: Location of the environmental monitoring of the Thai Nguyen sub-project ........... 67 Table 20: Analytic results of ambient air quality of the subproject area.................................. 67 Table 21: Analytic results of surface water quality of the subproject area .............................. 69 Table 22: Analytic results of groundwater quality of the subproject area................................ 70 Table 23: Analytic results of wastewater pollution indicators of the subproject area .............. 71 Table 24: Analytic results of soil quality of the subproject area .............................................. 72 Table 25: Analytic results of sediment quality of the subproject area ..................................... 72 Table 26: Scope, population and density of subproject wards/communes ............................... 74 Table 27: Area of natural land in subproject wards/communes ............................................... 74 Table 28: Access roads to the works ........................................................................................ 76 Table 29: Description of sensitive works near the subproject area .......................................... 87 Table 30: Environmental quality in the case of "WITH" and "WITHOUT" the subproject .... 91 Table 31: Criteria are considered for comparison between alternatives .................................. 93 Table 32: Comparison of the alignment alternatives of Southnorth road and Huong Thuong bridge ........................................................................................................................................ 94 Table 33: Comparison of Cross-section alternatives of the Southnorth road, Huong Thuong bridge ........................................................................................................................................ 96 Table 34: Comparison of alternatives based on ranking score ................................................. 98 Page | v Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 35: Comparison of structural alternatives of Huong Thuong bridge .............................. 99 Table 36: Comparison of alternatives based on ranking score: .............................................. 103 Table 37: Comparison of Cross-section alternatives of Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road .. 104 Table 38: Comparison of alternatives based on ranking score ............................................... 105 Table 39: Comparison of structural Alternatives of Mo Linh bridge ..................................... 105 Table 40: Comparison of alternatives based on ranking score ............................................... 106 Table 41: Comparison of cross-section alternatives of Dong Bam road ................................ 107 Table 42: Comparison of alternatives based on ranking score ............................................... 108 Table 43: Comparison of structural alternatives of Dan bridge ............................................. 109 Table 44: Comparison of alternatives basing ranking scores ................................................. 112 Table 45: Comparison of cross-section alternatives for Xuong Rong ditch........................... 113 Table 46: Comparison of design alternatives of Mo Bach stream’s section .......................... 117 Table 47: Level of negative impacts of the DCIDP - Thai Nguyen subproject ..................... 124 Table 48: Land area affected by subproject implementation ................................................. 126 Table 49: Number of AHs of Subproject ............................................................................... 129 Table 50: Summary of impacts on housing and structures ..................................................... 132 Table 51: Summary of affected trees and crops ..................................................................... 133 Table 52: Affected production forest land area ...................................................................... 134 Table 53: Excavation and backfilling volume of work items ................................................. 138 Table 54: Dust emission concentration from excavation, backfilling and ground leveling ... 140 Table 55: Emission factor of exhaust gases ........................................................................... 141 Table 56: Estimated volume of exhaust gases from construction equipment ........................ 141 Table 57: Volume of transportation of materials and counts of vehicles transporting........... 143 Table 58: Emission rate of materials transport vehicles ......................................................... 143 Table 59: Concentration of pollutants during the transportation of materials ........................ 143 Table 60: Transportation volume of residual solid waste to the disposal sites ...................... 145 Table 61: Emission volume of vehicles transporting residual solid waste ............................. 145 Table 62: Concentration of pollutants during transportation of solid waste to disposal sites 146 Table 63: Emission level due to constructional machines and equipment ............................. 147 Table 64: Maximum noise level per distance ......................................................................... 148 Table 65: Additional noise in case of many activities at the same position ........................... 149 Table 66: Vibration level of some typical construction equipment........................................ 150 Table 67: Vibration reduction level per distance of construction .......................................... 150 Table 68: Volume of pollutants generated per each person daily .......................................... 152 Table 69: Pollution load in domestic wastewater ................................................................... 152 Table 70: Concentration of pollutants in untreated domestic wastewater .............................. 152 Page | vi Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 71: Run-off at construction sites .................................................................................. 154 Table 72: Volume of solid waste during construction of work items .................................... 155 Table 73: Volume of daily waste at construction sites ........................................................... 155 Table 74: Load of pollutants during welding ......................................................................... 171 Table 75: Impacts on sensitive works..................................................................................... 173 Table 76: The compensation plan for the affected items by the subproject ........................... 184 Table 77: Mitigation measures of site-specific impacts during the construction phase ......... 188 Table 78: Mitigation measures of impacts on sensitive works ............................................... 192 Table 79: Mitigation measures of impacts during the operation phase .................................. 195 Table 80: Generic mitigation measures .................................................................................. 200 Table 81: Mitigation plan of site-specific impacts during the construction phase ................. 209 Table 82: Mitigation measures of impacts on sensitive works during the construction phase ................................................................................................................................................ 214 Table 83: Mitigation plan of site-specific impacts during the operation phase...................... 219 Table 84: Location, parameters and frequency of monitoring program ................................. 224 Table 85: Estimated cost for sampling and sample analysis .................................................. 224 Table 86: Social monitoring plan during construction ........................................................... 224 Table 87: Environmental protection responsibilities .............................................................. 227 Table 88: Regular reporting requirements .............................................................................. 234 Table 89: Training programs for capacity building ................................................................ 235 Table 91: Cost estimate of HIV/AIDS training ...................................................................... 237 Table 92: Estimated cost for ESMP (million USD) ............................................................... 237 Table 93: Estimated cost for the IEMC .................................................................................. 238 Table 94: The first consultation with People’s Committees of the subproject wards/communes on environmental impact assessment ..................................................................................... 241 Table 95: The second consultation with People’s Committees of the subproject wards/communes on environmental impact assessment ........................................................ 242 Table 96: Results of the first public consultation ................................................................... 243 Table 97: Summary of opinions in the 2nd public consultation ............................................. 249 Table 98: Transportation route to Da Mai disposal site and Tich Luong disposal site .......... 261 Table 99: The number of Sediment samples .......................................................................... 263 Table 100: Typical Socio Environmental Impacts and Risks ................................................ 263 Page | vii Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Locations of work items under the Subproject ......................................................... 22 Figure 2: Some constructional material suppliers in Thai Nguyen province ........................... 45 Figure 3: Map of some quarries supplying constructional materials for DCIDP – Thai Nguyen city Subproject .......................................................................................................................... 50 Figure 4: Map of location and distance from Thai Nguyen city center to Da Mai disposal site and Tich Luong ward disposal site ........................................................................................... 52 Figure 5: Subproject Organizations and Management Structure ............................................. 57 Figure 6: Map of administrative boundaries of Thai Nguyen city according to the approved planning 2016 ........................................................................................................................... 58 Figure 7: Some pictures of flooding in roads of constructional material transportation in the rain on June 23, 2017 ....................................................................................................................... 65 Figure 8: Current status of Southnorth road – Huong Thuong bridge ..................................... 80 Figure 9: Current status of Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road ................................................ 80 Figure 10: Current status of Dong Bam road ........................................................................... 81 Figure 11: Current status of Dan Bridge .................................................................................. 82 Figure 12: Current status of Le Huu Trac road ........................................................................ 83 Figure 13: Current status of Xuong Rong drainage ditch ......................................................... 84 Figure 14: Current status of Mo Bach stream........................................................................... 85 Figure 15: Current status of Huong Son kindergarten .............................................................. 86 Figure 16: Current status of Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten ................................................... 87 Figure 17: The proposed alignment alternative of Southnorth road and Huong Thuong Bridge .................................................................................................................................................. 94 Figure 18: The proposed alignment alternative of Dong Bam ............................................... 106 Figure 19: Location of Thai Nguyen province in regional connection .................................. 122 Figure 20: External traffic connection of Thai Nguyen City with the provinces in neighboring areas ........................................................................................................................................ 123 Figure 21: Rate of land occupancy of the Subproject ............................................................ 127 Figure 22: Proportion of AHs of the Subproject .................................................................... 130 Figure 23: Current status of production forest in the Subproject area.................................... 134 Figure 24: Status of production and business at the subproject area ...................................... 135 Figure 25: Some images of affected graves............................................................................ 136 Figure 26: Illustrative images of demining ............................................................................ 137 Figure 27: The transportation routes of materials for construction ........................................ 144 Figure 28: Transportation routes of residual solid waste to the disposal sites ....................... 146 Figure 29: Residential area nearby two kindergartens Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung ................................................................................................................................................ 147 Figure 30: Current status of bridges and intersection point at subproject area ...................... 158 Figure 31: Flooding due to heavy rain in Thai Nguyen city center ........................................ 162 Page | viii Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Figure 32: Surface water at some subproject sites ................................................................. 163 Figure 33: Existing structures in construction sites ................................................................ 164 Figure 34: Waterway transportation in Cau River through Huong Thuong Bridge ............... 164 Figure 35: Current status of existing infrastructure of Phan Dinh Phung Kindergarten ........ 165 Figure 36: Current status of ditches needing to be dredged ................................................... 166 Figure 37: Malodor from dredging process ............................................................................ 166 Figure 38: NH3 emission from dredged sludge ...................................................................... 167 Figure 39: CH4 emission from dredged sludge ...................................................................... 167 Figure 40: Reference image of sludge dredging from canals and ditches .............................. 168 Figure 41: Current status of agricultural production .............................................................. 169 Figure 42: Traffic status at construction site of Dan bridge ................................................... 170 Figure 43: Traffic status at National Highway 3 overpass ..................................................... 170 Figure 44: Status of production and business at the subproject area ...................................... 171 Figure 45: Reference image of welding activity when constructing the bridge ..................... 172 Figure 46: Image of embanked Mo Bach ditch section .......................................................... 177 Figure 47: Traffic image on Viet Bac – Thai Nguyen road.................................................... 177 Figure 48: Image of ecological landscape and land use purpose change after putting the works into operation .......................................................................................................................... 178 Figure 49: Procedures for chance findings during the construction phase ............................. 223 Figure 50: ESMP implementation structure ........................................................................... 227 Figure 51: Some pictures of public consultations 1 ............................................................... 248 Figure 52: Some pictures of public consultations 2 ............................................................... 254 Figure 53: Map of location and distance from Thai Nguyen city center to Da Mai disposal site and Tich Luong ward disposal site ......................................................................................... 262 Page | ix Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject ABBREVIATIONS AHs Affected households CC Climate change AC Asphalt concrete CeC Cement concrete CSC Construction Supervision Consultant DCIDP Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project DED Detailed Engineering Design DOC Department of Construction DOF Department of Finance DONRE Department of Natural Resources and Environment DOT Department of Transport DPI Department of Planning and Investment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ECOP Environmental Code of Practice ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan EMS Environmental Monitoring System FS Feasibility Study HH Households IEMC Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant MOC Ministry of Construction MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment ODA Official development assistance PPMU Province Project Management Unit PPU Project Preparation Unit PSC Project Steering Committee RAP Resettlement Action Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework P/CPC Provincial / City People’s Committee URENCO Urban Environment Company WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization Page | x Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background The Dynamic Cities Development Project (DCIDP) will support secondary cities1: (i) improve access to, and reliability of, urban services for the bottom 40% of population; (ii) promote the development of neighborhoods with access to high quality public spaces and public transport; and (iii) support continued socio-economic growth. The Project is implemented in five cities of Thai Nguyen (Thai Nguyen Province), Yen Bai (Yen Bai Province), Hai Duong (Hai Duong Province), Tinh Gia (Thanh Hoa Province) and Ky Anh (Ha Tinh Province). The implementation duration of DCIDP is estimated at 6 years, from 2018 to 2023. Total project investment is 395 million USD. Thai Nguyen City Subproject consists of components similar to components of DCIDP: Component 1 - Structural component: (1) Construction of South North road & Huong Thuong bridge; (2) Construction of Huong Thuong - Chua Hang Road; (3) Upgrading of Dong Bam Residential Area Road; (4) Upgrading of Dan Bridge; (5) Upgrading of Le Huu Trac Road; (6) Rehabilitation of Xuong Rong Drainage Ditch; (7) Rehabilitation of Mo Bach Drainage Ditch; (8) Construction of Huong Son Kindergarten; (9) Upgrading of Phan Dinh Phung Kindergarten; and Component 2 - Non-structural component: aim to strengthen capacity of province in economic planning and spatial planning to ensure relevance with the strategies and efficiency of the city’s infrastructure investments. Total investment for implementing Thai Nguyen City Subproject is 100 million USD. Legal and technical bases for ESIA According to the screening results, Thai Nguyen City Subproject is classified into Category B on Environment due to relatively potential impacts and risks that are site-specific, reversible and mitigable through design alternatives. WB’s safeguard policies to be applied to Thai Nguyen City Subproject include: (a) Environmental assessment (OP 4.01); (b) Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04); (c) Physical cultural resources (OP/BP 4.11); (d) Involuntary resettlement (OP/BP 4.12); and (e) Forests (OP/BP 4.36). This ESIA is prepared based on OP 4.01. ESIA include the proposed works for the Component 1 - Structural component of the Sub-Project. Description of the Subproject Thai Nguyen City Subproject include the items of construction, upgrading and rehabilitation of 9 works: (1) Construction of the South North road (L=3.2km, Bbase = 41m, elevation varies from 24 to 27m) – Huong Thuong bridge (L=319.4m, live load HL93, Clearance height >4.75m); (2) Construction of Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road (L=5.72km, Bbase = 41m, elevation varies from 25.7 to 29.3m), Mo Linh 1 stream overpass (L=128.5m, live load HL93, clearance height of 5-7m); (3) Upgrading and newly building of Dong Bam road (L=3.4km, Bbase = 15.5-36m, elevation varies from 27 to 29m), Mo Linh 2 stream overpass (L=82.3m, live load HL93, clearance height of 4-6m); (4) Upgrading of Dan bridge (L=42.0m, live load HL93, Surface elevation +38.5m); (5) Upgrading and Newly-building of Le Huu Trac road (L=1.7km, Bbase = 27m, elevation varies from 34 to 39m; (6) Rehabilitation and embankment of Xuong Rong ditch (L=3.2km, B cross section = 8-25m; wastewater collection pipeline of 3.8km long); (7) Rehabilitation and embankment of Mo Bach ditch (L=3.8km, B cross section = 8-25m; wastewater collection pipeline of 6.6km long); (8) Construction of Huong Son kindergarten (S = 6,151 m2, 24 classrooms, 500 pupils); (9) Upgrading of Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten (S = 1 The urban serves as a political, economic, cultural, scientific, technical and service center, a traffic hub in the province. The urban population is 150,000 people or more, the urban population density is 6,000 people / km2 or more, the rate of non-agricultural labor in the total urban labor force from 75%. The infrastructures are built on a synchronized and complete surface; Page | 1 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 3,330 m2, 18 classrooms, 400 pupils). Each work item will be implemented from 15 to 24 months (from January 2020 to December 2023). Environmental and social background In October/2017, 23 air samples, 23 samples of surface water, groundwater, 06 samples waste water and 22 sediment and soil samples were monitored and analyzed to evaluate quality of environmental baseline at the subproject area. The results of field surveys and environmental monitoring showed that the quality of air, surface water, groundwater, soil and sediment was quite good. However, at some locations near the roads: crossroads of the South North road and Cach Mang Thang Tam road, Mo Bach due to high traffic density, noise level exceeds 1.1 times compared than the permitted limit. At the drainage ditches of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach, although the analyzed indicators are within permitted levels as stipulated in Vietnamese Standard but the water has black color and odor. Most of the subproject sites are far from residential areas: The works are located within Thai Nguyen city, so they are all located in the residential areas, except for some roads passing through paddy fields. Some sensitive works include: (1) Huong Thuong commune kindergarten located 230m from the ending point of the South North – Huong Thuong bridge; (2) 80 ha of rice irrigation from Huong Thuong pumping station is affected by relocation of the pumping station; (3) Linh Trung communal house located nearby Km0+800 of Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road; (4) Thong hamlet lake located nearby Km1+700 of Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road; (5) Nam Son hamlet church located nearby Km2+400 of Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road (serving spiritual life of 380 Christians); (6) Cemetery in Chua Hang ward located about 80m from the ending point of Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road; (7) Monument to War Heroes and Martyrs in Chua Hang ward located about 120m from the ending point of Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road; (8) Cemetery in Nhi Hoa village located about 130m from the road passing through Dong Bam residential area; (9) Cemetery near Dong Bam residential area located about 50m from the road passing through Dong Bam residential area; (10) Thai Nguyen Provincial Mental Hospital located about 90m from the starting point of Le Huu Trac road; (11) Thai Hai primary school and kindergarten located about 30m from Mo Bach drainage ditch. No physical culture resource is affected in 9 subproject areas. Environmental and social impacts and risks Potential negative impacts and risks of the subproject have been identified. Most of the impacts are temporary, localized and reversible due to the medium-scaled works. These impacts are mitigable by application of appropriate technologies and site-specific mitigation measures, close monitor by Contractors and consultation with local people. ❖ Generic impacts Dust, exhaust gases, noise, vibration, wastewater, solid waste from construction and domestic activities of workers. These impacts are considered as LOW to MEDIUM for each works and mitigable. ❖ Site-specific impacts Impacts of land acquisition: It is estimated that the Subproject implementation will permanently acquire 491,642 m2 land owned by 1,317 households and managed by 14 people’s Committees of communes/wards/towns, of which the paddy land occupies the most (35.07%), followed by residential land (24.74%), annual crops land (14.96%) and perennial crops land (10.26%). The types of production forest land, aquaculture land and organizations’ land occupied the lowest proportion (<10%). A total of AHs of the Subproject is 1,347 households, of which 1,317 households are affected on land and 30 households are affected on graves (58 graves to be affected and relocated). Out of 1,317 households affected on land, there are: (i) 415 households are affected on residential land, including 133 relocated households; (ii) 862 households are Page | 2 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject affected on agricultural land (paddy land, crop land), of which 299 households are severely affected; 73 vulnerable households; (74 households are affected on business of consumer goods, vegetables, fruits and coffee; (v) 13 households are affected on aquaculture land; (vi) 27 households are affected on production forest land (planting acacia, melaleuca). Details are shown in the RAP of the Subproject. Impacts on water environment occur at two ditches of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach and 04 bridges (Huong Thuong, Mo Linh 1, Mo Linh 2, Dan). Excavation and backfilling for reinforcement of embankment, piers and abutment as well as dredge of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches will contribute to increase in suspended solid wastes which are swept away toward the downstream. In addition, the run-off may sweep pollutants in the area (construction materials, soil, sand, grease and wastes, etc.) to water bodies (Cau river, Mo Linh stream, Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches), causing water pollution. These impacts are assessed from LOW to MEDIUM, temporary and mitigable. Impacts by erosion, subsidence and damages on existing structures: During construction, some activities such as piling, excavation at the construction sites of NH3 overpass, Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches, Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung kindergartens can cause subsistence or damages on surrounding areas. These impacts are assessed as HIGH in case of rains and LOW in case of no rain and mitigable by selection of appropriate construction methods and time. Impacts on waterway transport on river: These impacts occur at the construction site of Huong Thuong bridge and prolong within 20 months. Due to frequency of waterway transport of 1-2 trips/day, these impacts are assessed as LOW and mitigable. Impacts on learning and teaching at Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten: Construction of the existing kindergarten for building new school will affect the teaching and learning of 350 children and 26 teachers and parents’ picking up children. These impacts will prolong within 15 months and assessed as MEDIUM and mitigable. Malodor from dredged materials: These impacts occur at the two ditches of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach. Total dredged sludge volume from the two ditches is 30,050 m3 (mainly organic sludge), in which there are 24,400m3 from Mo Bach and 5,650m3 from Xuong Rong. The dredging activities will disturb the current balance, evaporate persistent organic compounds and cause offensive malodors, affecting workers and local people. Water leakage from dredged materials during dredging of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches. It is estimated there is 20% of total dredged sludge volume. Thus, the total amount of water leaking from the dredged materials is 6,010 m3, equivalent to 16.69 m3/day. This water volume is led back to Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches. Results of sediment monitoring at Xuong Xuong and Mo Bach ditches showed that the sludge showed no sign of contamination with heavy metals, so the seepage water compositions contained high content of TSS, affecting aquatic life of the receiving sources. These impacts are assesses LOW and mitigable. Impacts on agricultural production activities: There are 862 affected households. Impacts on agricultural production take place in the South North road and Huong Thuong bridge, Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road, Dong Bam road, Le Huu Trac road, Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches. These households lost land or the construction process affects their cultivation (waste, wastewater, construction materials filling in fields, causing damage to rice and crops). These impacts are assessed as LOW and mitigable. Impacts on groundwater quality due to pile driving or drilling activities at the distance of 8 - 20 m at the construction sites of Huong Thuong, Mo Linh 1, Mo Linh 2, Dan bridges and NH3 overpass or at 02 ditches of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach. During the pile drilling, bentonite containing additives will be submerged in the water cascade complex and infiltrate into the groundwater fountains, causing pollution. Contaminated surface water will penetrate into soil, which is reason for groundwater pollution. These impacts are assesses as LOW and mitigable. Page | 3 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Impacts on traffic at the construction sites of bridges: These impacts will occur at the construction sites of Dan bridge and National Highway 3 overpass (on Le Huu Trac road). Dan bridge is the unique bridge connecting two ends of Quang Trung road, the construction of Dan bridge will affect traffic within approximately 18 months, affecting about 500 households living on the two bridge ends, affecting about 12,000 vehicle trips per day (including motorcycles, cars, passenger cars and trucks). The construction of NH 3 overpass will affect traffic on National Highway 3 with potential risks of traffic accidents. This is an important route to connect Hanoi and the Northern mountainous provinces; therefore the traffic flow passing through the area is huge. However, the impacts are assessed as LOW due to appropriate mitigation measures. Business interruption: Construction of the South North road, Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road, Le Huu Trac road will affect 74 business households. These households are trading in cake, candy, fruits, vegetables and coffee restaurants and beverages. However, theses impacts are assessed as LOW and mitigable. Dust and exhaust gases from welding stage occur during the construction of bridge items such as Dan bridge, Mo Linh 1 and Mo Linh 2 bridges, and National Highway 3 overpass and Huong Thuong bridge. The types of chemicals contained in welding rod will generate smoke that contains toxic substances, causing environment pollution and affect the health of the workers. The electric welding creates extremely strong light and can cause serious injuries to workers’ eyes. These impacts are assessed as LOW and mitigable. Risks and unsafety in construction nearby the production forest might happen in the works of Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road, Le Huu Trac road and Mo Bach ditch. Construction near the production forest might cause: (i) Potential risks for workers who are directly involved in construction by insects, bees, mosquitoes or snakes, predators; (ii) Workers may get diseases such as influenza, dengue fever, malaria, gastrointestinal disease, and skin diseases; (iii) workers’ hunting and trapping animals for food, cutting down trees for firewood; (iv) risks of forest fire due to workers’ carelessness in cooking and smoking. However, this impact is assessed as LOW and mitigable through the compliance with rules and regulations on construction site and appropriate construction methods. Impacts on sensitive works: The construction of different subproject items may affect 11 sensitive works located near the construction sites of 5 work items: (1) South North road & Huong Thuong bridge; (2) Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road; (3) Upgrading and construction of Dong Bam road; (4) Upgrading and Construction of Le Huu Trac road; (5) Rehabilitation of Mo Bach stream drainage ditch. Dust, noise, vibration and traffic accidents during the construction will affect studying, teaching and pick-up of 300 pupils in Huong Thuong kindergarten, 350 pupils at Thai Hai kindergarten and teachers as well as parents of pupils. In addition, spiritual and cultural activities of local people in communal house, church, cemetery will also be affected, especially risks of conflicts between workers and 380 Christians at Nam Son hamlet church. These impacts are assessed as LOW and mitigable. Mitigation measures Mitigation measures of generic impacts Mitigation measures for site-specific impacts for each impact source have been mentioned above in each phase of the Subproject, including mitigation measures of generic impacts (ECOPs), mitigation measures of site-specific impacts for sensitive works as well as mitigation measures of social impacts. Site-specific impacts Social impacts: (i) Mitigation of impacts by land acquisition of households in the Subproject area; and (ii) priority construction methods require minimal land acquisition area. The estimated Page | 4 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject cost of implementing the RAP for subproject works is 402,970,000,000 VND, (equivalent to 18,111,000 USD) Mitigation of impacts on water environment: Carry out dredging in dry season; wastewater is poured into settling tanks before discharging into environment; strictly prohibit contractors to discharge waste into river; construction materials must be covered with canvas and gathered far from water resources; Dredged materials are transported to Da Mai and Tich Luong ward disposal sites on daily basis. Mitigation of impacts caused by erosion, subsidence and damages to existing structures: Notify the local people of construction time; reinforcement before dredging; Closely monitoring the vibration level; Do not carry out dredging works in rainy season; Do not place heavy machineries and transportation vehicles near the canals, ditches. Mitigation of impacts on waterway transport on river: Coordinate with the local authority to inform local people of the construction plan prior to construction; Coordinate with waterway management unit to flag the signal system on the inland waterway where means of transport will travel through. Mitigation of impacts on studying and teaching at Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten: Inform pupils at least one month in advance of the estimated relocation schedule to temporary place; Consult with parents on measures to minimize the psychological effects of children during the relocation process; Ensure water supply, electricity supply and facilities at the temporary place of teaching and learning; Notify the local community around the temporary place of teaching and learning of the teaching and learning plan of Phan Dinh Phung Kindergarten; Relocate to a temporary place of learning and teaching nearby the current place of the kindergarten. Mitigation of impacts by malodor from dredged materials: Notify the construction progress of each section dredging for surrounding people; Dredged materials are transported to the disposal site by specialized vehicles; Do not gather dredged material along the ditches; Use lime powder to limit malodor dispersion, if necessary; Do not construct at the rest time, limit construction after 18h; Consult closely with local people and communities for appropriate mitigation measures; Provide adequate personal protective equipment for all workers; Prepare the dredged material management plan before construction commencement. Mitigation of impacts by leaking water from dredging of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches : Dredging activities are only carried out in the dry season; Water leaking from sediment must be deposited in settling tank/trap before discharging into river; The process of transporting dredged materials must use specialized vehicles with containers; No dredging at the time of water intaking for agricultural production activities of the local people; Prepare the dredged material management plan before construction commencement. Mitigation of impacts on agricultural production: Informing the community of the construction schedule at least two week before the construction; Arrange drainage around the construction sites to prevent soil erosion and sedimentation into the rice fields and irrigation canals; Regularly check the affected on-field irrigation canals to ensure they are not blocked by construction spoil or waste and if they are affected, provide alternative irrigation water from canals to the locations the local people request; Immediately rehabilitate irrigation canals if they are damaged by construction activities to ensure that water supply for the rice fields is maintained; Closely consult with the local community to ensure that suitable solutions to problems are taken and communities’ concerns related to construction activities are addressed. Mitigation of impacts on groundwater quality: Coordinate with the local authority to inform local people of the construction plan prior to construction; Coordinate with the management unit of waterway to flag the signal system on the inland waterway the transport will travel through; Provide the workers with all appropriate PPE and ensure that life jackets are used in proximity to water. Safety staff must be available at all times for timely rescue in case of Page | 5 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject incidents; Place warning boards along the construction route, both on land and water surface (arrange the road and waterway traffic guide). Mitigation of impacts on traffic circulation at the construction site of bridges: Ensure that the contract requires the contractor, before commencing work, to provide a construction plan with a detailed health, safety, environment and traffic management plan, which has to be provided to the local authorities and approved by CSC; Inform local residents in advance (at least one week) of construction and work schedules, interruption of services, traffic routes. Inform the community of the planned night construction at least 2 days in advance; Put and maintain bulletin boards at the construction site, containing the following information: full name and phone number of the Contractor, Site Manager, Supervision Consultants and Subproject Owner, duration and scope of work; Contractors should provide lighting at all construction sites at night; security guard staff at construction sites to moderate vehicles entering and exiting the construction site; Put road construction warning signs at the site and maintain them for the duration of the work; Sediment shall be transported out of construction site or transfer site within the day. Do not transport sediment during rush hours; Limit the construction area to that within the designated site boundary; Assign staff to control traffic during transportation, loading and unloading, at construction sites and sediment transfer site. Mitigation of impacts due to business interruption: Inform the street household businesses of the construction activities and their potential impacts such, waste, dust, and noise, traffic, and construction schedule at least 02 weeks before start of the construction; Provide safe and easy access to the household businesses putting clean and strong thick wood panels or steel plates over the open ditches or manholes; Do not use machines generating loud noise and high vibration levels near the household businesses; Spray sufficient water to suppress dust during dry and windy days at least three times a day at site that is near household businesses; Deploy staff to guide the traffic during construction during transportation, loading and unloading of construction materials and wastes, and to guard high risk operations; Cleaning up construction areas at the end of the day, especially construction areas in front of business shops; Manage the worker force to any avoid the conflict with the local people and household businesses; Compensate goods, products damaged by construction activities of the subproject; Immediately address any issue/problem caused by the construction activities and raised by the local household businesses. Mitigation of impacts due to dust and exhaust gas from welding: Clearly notify the local community of the welding plan; Do not weld in the head of wind direction, the area is easy to fire; Provide labor protective equipment for workers; Provide eye protection equipment for workers directly involved in the welding process; Provide signboards or warning signs for the welding areas. Mitigation of impacts on sensitive works Inform local people of the construction schedule; Do not transport and use machines with high noise and construct items generating much dust, noise through the Church in primary religious festivals; Install fences and barriers for the areas at danger/ prohibited areas surrounding the construction site with potential risks to community; Increase the frequency of watering 4 times per day for the areas near Huong Thuong commune kindergarten, Thai Hai kindergarten and Nam Son hamlet church; Request workers to strictly comply with labor regulations; Hire local labor. Environmental and Social Management Plan ESMP of Thai Nguyen City Subproject includes mitigation measures of negative impacts, roles and responsibilities for ESMP implementation, monitoring specialists, environmental compliance frameworks, reporting organizations, environmental monitoring program, capacity building program and ESMP implementation cost. In particular, the cost of environmental Page | 6 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject quality control is about 3,441 USD and the cost of independent environmental monitoring is 98,629 USD and the cost of capacity building is 20,000 USD and cost for HIV/AIDS awareness training is USD 12,302. During the development process, the ESMP requires the involvement of several stakeholders and agencies with specific roles and responsibilities. They are the Provincial Subproject Management Unit, Thai Nguyen Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Contractor, Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC), Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) and local community. Public Consultation and Information Disclosure Public consultation: Public consultations have been carried out for two rounds in 14 wards/communes/towns of Thai Nguyen city in August and November, 2017. Participants of the public consultation meetings include representatives of the authorities, mass unions and affected households. Local authorities and people of ward/commune in the subproject area totally agreed with the implementation because it will bring many socio-economic and environmental benefits. However, it was required to ensure environmental sanitation during construction process, particularly prevention from dust, gas, damage of roads and construction needs to be fast to ensure scheduled progress. Information disclosure: The first draft of ESIA in Vietnamese have been disclosed at offices of 14 communes/wards and Thai Nguyen city PMU in November 2017 to carry out public consultation. The final draft of ESIA in English have been disclosed at offices of 14 communes/wards and Thai Nguyen city PMU on November 24th, 2017. The final ESIA in English will be disclosed in the internal website and publically on November 28th, 2017. Page | 7 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Subproject A.1 Overview DCIDP will support secondary cities 2 that have demonstrated both current significance and future growth potential as province- and region-level urban economic centers. Consistent with Vietnam’s National Master Plan and aligned with the World Bank’s Twin Goals, the objective of the proposed project is to provide improved urban infrastructure services and support integrated urban planning and management in the project cities. As consistent with the cities’ approved master plans, the proposed operation will also provide financing for the strategic municipal infrastructure that will help the cities: (i) improve access to, and reliability of, urban services for the bottom 40% of population; (ii) promote the development of neighborhoods with access to high quality public spaces and public transport; and (iii) support continued socio- economic growth (e.g., by enhancing productivity and localization economies, removing infrastructure constraints, improving connectivity, facilitating local job creation, etc.). The proposed operation will also support the project cities in addressing fundamental urban development challenges through technical assistance (TA) for improved urban planning and management that will promote more compact, sustainable urban development, and the development of higher quality neighborhoods. The Project covers five cities of Thai Nguyen (Thai Nguyen Province), Yen Bai (Yen Bai Province), Hai Duong (Hai Duong Province), Tinh Gia (Thanh Hoa Province) and Ky Anh (Ha Tinh Province). Each of the project cities benefits from significant endowments, which have driven strong local and regional economic growth over the past decade. The development objectives of the proposed project and components. The development objectives of the DCIDP are to increase access to improved urban infrastructure services and enhance integrated urban planning and management capacity in the project cities. The project is proposed two following components: - Structural Component: A series of municipal investments will be financed in each project city to improve the access to and quality of critical urban infrastructure services, including those in urban environmental sanitation, and urban transport. The selection of infrastructure sub-projects will be aligned with the respective updated city master plans of each city and will be rigorously prioritized to ensure that these: (i) improve access to, and reliability of, urban services for the bottom 40% of the population; (ii) promote the development of neighborhoods with access to high-quality public spaces and public transport; (iii) support continued socio-economic growth; and (iv) meet accepted standards for technical and economic soundness - Non-Structural Component: A comprehensive package of TA and project implementation support will be provided to the PPCs of the project cities to strengthen their capacities for economic and spatial planning, and to ensure the strategic relevance and efficiency of the municipal infrastructure investments to be financed under the structural component of the project. To meet specific demands of each project city, technical assistance activities will include: (i) strategic socio-economic spatial planning; (ii) integrated urban management and planning (including public transport development strategies); (iii) urban asset management; (iv) disaster risk management; and (v)Specialized development planning for key cities. 2 The urban serves as a political, economic, cultural, scientific, technical and service center, a traffic hub in the province. The urban population is 150,000 people or more, the urban population density is 6,000 people / km2 or more, the rate of non-agricultural labor in the total urban labor force from 75%. The infrastructures are built on a synchronized and complete surface; Page | 8 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject A.2. Thai Nguyen City Subproject Thai Nguyen city is located in the center of Thai Nguyen province. It is the political, economic, cultural, educational and science technical centers of Thai Nguyen province. In recent years, the provincial government and Thai Nguyen city have focused on infrastructure development and environmental improvement. The objectives that Thai Nguyen city has been focusing its resources on are the completion and development of an urban infrastructure system that is fully aligned with the WB's twin goals of eliminating extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity. Being selected to join the DCIDP, Thai Nguyen City will have more resources to gradually improve and develop sustainably urban infrastructure serving the people and economic growth of the locality. The Subproject’s objectives are as follows: - Overall objectives: To increase access to improved urban infrastructure services and enhance integrated urban planning and management capacity. - The specific objectives of the Subproject include: (i) strengthening connectivity and improving the quality of the urban transport infrastructure; (ii) Improving the environmental quality of the residential area due to the wastewater pollution in the city center area, improving drainage capacity of some of main drainage ditches of the city; (iii) Strengthening the capacity of the city to meet the need for kindergarten education. To achieve these objectives, the Subproject will cover two components as follows: Component 1 - Structural Component: Newly-built or upgraded works as follows: - Works No. 1: South North road & Huong Thuong bridge Construction - Works No. 2: Huong Thuong - Chua Hang Road Construction - Works No. 3: Dong Bam Residential Area Road Upgrading - Works No. 4: Dan Bridge Upgrading - Works No. 5: Le Huu Trac Road Upgrading - Works No. 6: Xuong Rong Stream Drainage Ditch Rehabilitation - Works No. 7: Mo Bach Stream Drainage Ditch Rehabilitation - Works No. 8: Huong Son Kindergarten Construction Works No. 9: Phan Dinh Phung Kindergarten Upgrading Component 2 - Non-Structural Component: Institutional arrangements, strengthening capability in urban management and investment implementation, including: - Integrated urban development planning strategy - Public transport system development strategy - Drainage system management and wastewater quality monitoring This ESIA is prepared for the structural component (including 9 rehabilitated, upgraded or newly-built works), not including the non-structural component. B. Related Subprojects and Planning ➢ General planning of Thai Nguyen city to 2035 - The master plan for socio-economic development of Thai Nguyen province by 2020, vision to 2030 and Thai Nguyen city’s general planning to 2035 clearly define the specific objectives for development of the city as follows: - Development of the city into a multi-modal transportation center as an important traffic focal point connecting the Northern mountainous provinces with the Northern delta provinces; - Development of the cities along Cau river Page | 9 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject - Development of centers of education, training and health. Development of modern cultural and artistic centers with Viet Bac regional ethnic identity. Thus, the proposed items of subproject are fully in line with the general planning of Thai Nguyen city. ➢ Other related planning and subprojects The construction process of nine (09) works items will generate wastewater and stormwater runoff. Stormwater from works flows along the main culverts, then focuses on Mo Bach stream, Xuong Rong stream and run out Song Cau or flow out Cau bridge. Wastewater will be collected at the culverts system and treated at wastewater treatment stations located in wards, including: Gia Sang (Q = 17,600 m3/day night in 2020,); Huong Son Ward (Q = 10,300 m3/day night in 2020). This is fully in compliance with Urban and Industrial Parks Drainage Planning of Thai Nguyen Province by 2025, vision to 2050 as the approved Decision No. 2004/QD-UBND dated November 29th 2013 by Thai Nguyen Provincial People's Committee. Dong Bam road and Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road putting into operation will improve the efficiency of the project "Adjustment of technical infrastructure system planning, space solutions, architecture, landscape and urban design of the European Quarter along Cau river "under the Decision No.3586/QD-UBND, dated December 26th 2016 by Thai Nguyen Provincial People's Committee. When Dong Bam road, Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road, North South - Huong Thuong road, Le Huu Trac road are put into operation, which will facilitate the connection between industrial parks and Thai Nguyen city, in accordance with the industrial development planning of Thai Nguyen province in the period 2016 - 2025, vision to 2030 under Decision No.2501/QD- UBND, dated September 28th 2016 by Thai Nguyen Provincial People's Committee; Dredging works of Mo Bach Stream and Xuong Rong drainage ditch will contribute to the improvement of drainage capacity and flood control in Thai Nguyen city, in accordance with the "Project “Adjustment, supplementary of detailed flood prevention planning for diked rivers in Thai Nguyen province by 2020, orientation to 2030 " which was approved under Decision No.3034/QD- UBND dated November 14th 2016 by Thai Nguyen Provincial People's Committee. ➢ Completed and ongoing projects for promotion of local socio-economic development Currently, a number of infrastructure investment projects have been implemented in Thai Nguyen city as follows: - The project on “Northern Mountainous Urban Development Program - Thai Nguyen City" is expected to be completed in 2020. Some items of the project: Upgrading of Viet Bac Road, improvement of the infrastructure for residential areas in Hoang Van Thu ward, rehabilitation of Xuong Rong regulation lake, construction of Ben Tuong bridge, upgrading of Tan Long bridge and construction of infrastructure for some residential areas and urban wastewater drainage ditch. - The project on “Drainage and wastewater treatment system in Thai Nguyen city" is expected to be completed in 2017 and the project “Drainage and wastewater treatment system in the South of Thai Nguyen city” is estimated to be completed in 2020. Two projects have been put into operation, estimated to cover 85% of the residents’ demand in Thai Nguyen city. - Hanoi - Thai Nguyen Expressway project will be completed in 2017, which will become an important road connecting Thai Nguyen city, Hanoi capital and Northern mountainous provinces; - The project on construction investment of technical infrastructure works of trade promotion center complex under construction combined with high end residential area Page | 10 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject - Picenza Plaza Thai Nguyen. These projects will be completed in the period from 2017 to 2020. 2020 is the period of completion when it is less harmful to the environment, thus there will be no cumulative impacts in case of Thai Nguyen City Subproject is under the construction phase. At the same time, the projects are scattered over the wards, communes in Thai Nguyen city with locally-characterized impacts at the scope of construction or upgrading of the works. DCIDP - Thai Nguyen City Subproject is not linked with the ongoing projects in the City. The bridges and roads construction projects facilitate the transportation of constructional materials and machines to the construction site. Two projects on construction of wastewater treatment system contribute to deal with wastewater treatment issues at workers camps of the construction items. C. Competent agencies and organizations in charge of approving the investment subproject and ESIA Agency approving the investment subproject: Thai Nguyen City People’s Committee - Address: No 10 - Nguyen Du street - Trung Vuong ward - Thai Nguyen city - Tel: 02083.858.156 Fax: 02083.854.998 ESIA approver: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment - Address: No. 10 – Ton That Thuyet street – Hanoi - Tel: 0243.8343 911 Fax: 0243.7736892 D. Legal and technical basis of ESIA preparation Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen Subproject, Thai Nguyen province will be subject to comply with current Laws on Environmental Protection of the Government of Viet Nam and the World Bank, as follows: D.1. Legal documents and technical standards of GoV ➢ Laws - Law on Environmental Protection (LEP) No. 55/2014/QH13 passed by the 13thNational Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on June 23, 2014 and effective from January 01st, 2015; - The Law on Construction No. 50/2014/QH13 passed by the 7th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 18th June 2014 and effective from January 01st, 2015; - Land Law No. 45/2013/QH13 of the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated November 29, 2013 and effective from July 01, 2014; - Law on Water Resources No. 17/2012/QH13 passed by the 13th National Assembly of Vietnam, 3rd session dated June 21, 2012; - Labor Law No. 10/2012/QH13 passed by the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated June 18, 2012; - Law on Urban Planning No. 30/2009/QH12 the 12th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated June 17, 2009; - Law on Biodiversity No. 20/2008/QH12 passed by the 12th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated November 13, 2008; - Law on Chemicals No. 06/2007/QH12 passed by the 12th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated November 21, 2007; - Law on amendment and supplement of a number of articles of Law on Fire Prevention and Fighting No.40/2013/QH13 passed by the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Page | 11 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Republic of Vietnam dated November 22, 2013. - Law on Road Transport No. 23/2008/QH12 passed by the 12th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated November 13, 2008; - Law on Inland Waterway Navigation No. 23/2004/QH11 passed by the 11th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated June 15, 2004; - Law on Complaints No. 02/2011/QH13 issued on November 11, 2011; - Law on Cultural Heritages No. 10/VBHN-VPQH issued on July 23, 2013; 
 - Law on Occupational Safety and Health No. 84/2015/QH13 issued on June 25, 2015; - Law on dykes No. 79/2006/QH11 issued on November 29, 2006; - Law on plant protection and quarantine No. 41/2013/QH13 issued on November 25, 2013. ➢ Decrees - Decree No. 18/2015/ND-CP dated February 14th, 2015 of the Government on environmental protection planning, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental management plan. - Decree No. 19/2015/ND-CP dated February 14, 2015 of the Prime Minister detailing the implementation of a number of articles of the Law on Environmental Protection; - Decree No. 59/2015/ND-CP dated June 18, 2015 of the Government on management of construction investment projects; - Decree No. 42/2017/ND-CP dated April 05, 2017 of the Government on amendment and supplement of a number of articles of the Government’s Decree No. 59/2015/ND- CP dated June 18, 2015 on management of construction investment projects; - Decree No. 16/2016/ND-CP dated March 16, 2016 of the Government on management and use of official development assistance concessional loans granted by foreign sponsors; - Decree No. 46/2015/ND-CP dated May 12, 2015 of the Government on quality management of construction works; - Decree No. 201/2013/ND-CP dated November 27, 2013 of the Government detailing implementation of a number of articles of the Law on Water Resources; - Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP dated April 24, 2015 of the Government on management of waste and discarded materials. - Decree No. 80/2014/ND-CP dated August 06, 2014 of the Government on wastewater drainage and treatment; - Decree No. 43/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 by the Government detailing the implementation of some articles of the Land Law 2013. - Decree No. 44/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 of the Government regulating land prices. - Decree No. 47/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 of the Government providing regulations on compensation, support and resettlement when the State recovers land. - Decree No. 155/2016/NĐ-CP dated November 18, 2016 of the Government on sanctioning of administrative violations in the field of environmental protection; - Decree No. 25/2013/ND-CP dated March 29, 2013 of the Government on environmental protection charges for wastewater; - Decree No. 67/2012/ND-CP of the Government amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Government's Decree No. 143/2003/ND-CP dated November 28, 2003, detailing the implementation of Articles of the Ordinance on exploitation and protection of irrigation works; - Decree No. 113/2010/ND-CP dated December 03, 2010 of the Government stipulating determination of damages to the environment. Page | 12 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject ➢ Circulars - Circular No. 27/2015/TT-BTNMT dated May 29, 2015 of MONRE on strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plans; - Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT dated June 30, 2015 of MONRE on management of hazardous wastes; - Circular No. 37/2014/TT-BTNMT dated June 30, 2014 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment detailing compensation, support and resettlement when the State recovers land; - Circular 30/2014/TT-BTNMT on land allocation, land lease, conversion of land use purpose and land acquisition; - Circular No. 32/2013/TT-BTNMT dated October 25, 2013 of MONRE on promulgation of national technical regulations on environment; - Circular No. 30/2011/TT-BTNMT dated August 01, 2011 of MONRE on technical procedures for monitoring groundwater. - Circular No. 19/2016/TT - BYT dated June 30, 2016 of MOH on guidelines for occupational health and safety management; - Circular No. 22/2010/TT-BXD dated December 03, 2010 of MOC on labor safety in work construction. ➢ Decisions - Decision No. 31/2014/QD-UBND dated 22/8/2014 of Thai Nguyen People's Committee promulgating regulations on compensation, assistance and resettlement when the State recovers land in Thai Nguyen province. - Decision No. 20/2016/QD-UBND dated 6/7/2016 of the Thai Nguyen People's Committee amending and supplementing a number of articles in the regulations on compensation, assistance and resettlement when the State recovers land in the province of Thai Nguyen issued in conjunction with Decision No. 31/2014/QD-UBND dated 22/8/2014 of the provincial People's Committee. - Decision No. 38/2014/QD-UBND dated September 8, 2014 promulgating the regulation on land allocation quotas; Limits on recognition of land use rights; The minimum land area and land area are re-determined in the province of Thai Nguyen. - Decision No. 61/2016/QD-UBND dated December 25, 2016 of Thai Nguyen People's Committee stipulates the compensation rate for houses and architectural objects when the State recovers land in Thai Nguyen province. - Decision No. 01/2017/QD-UBND dated January 12, 2017 of the Thai Nguyen People's Committee on the compensation rate of plants and animals when the State recovers land in Thai Nguyen province. - Decision No. 57/2014/QD-UBND dated December 22, 2014 on the regulation on land price in 2015 in Thai Nguyen province, applied for 05 years (2015 - 2019). - Decision 04/2008/QD-BXD dated April 03, 2008 of Ministry of Construction on Vietnam Building Code. ➢ Applicable standards and regulations: - QCVN 01:2009/BYT: National technical regulation on drinking water quality. - QCVN 02:2009/BYT: National technical regulation on domestic water quality. - QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT– National technical regulation on surface water quality; - QCVN 09-MT 2015/BTNMT– National technical regulation on ground water quality. - QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on domestic wastewater. Page | 13 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject - QCVN 38:2011/BTNMT: National technical regulation on Surface Water Quality for protection of aquatic lives; - QCVN 39:2011/BTNMT: National technical regulation on Water Quality for irrigated agriculture. - QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT: National technical regulation on ambient air quality. - QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on hazardous substances in ambient air. - QCVN 26/2016/BYT - National technical regulation on microclimate - Permissible value of microclimate in the workplace; - QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNTM - National technical regulation on the allowable limits of heavy metals in the soils; - QCVN 15:2008/BTNMT -Soil quality - National technical regulation on the pesticide residues in the soils. - QCVN 43:2012/BTNTM- National technical regulation on sediment quality; - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on noise; - QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT -National technical regulation on vibration; - TCVN 6705:2009 - Normal solid wastes - Classification; - TCVN 6706:2009 - Hazardous wastes – Classification; - QCVN 07:2009/BTNM: National technical regulation on hazardous waste thresholds. - TCVN 7957:2008 - Drainage and sewerage - External networks and facilities - Design standard. - TCXDVN 33:2006 - Water supply - Distribution system and facilities - Design standard. - TCXDVN 260:2002 – Kindergarten – Design standard - QCVN 07:2016/BXD: National Technical Regulation on Technical Infrastructure Works - QCXD VN 01:2008/BXD – Vietnam building code –Building planning; - QCVN 04-05:2012/BNNPTNT - National technical regulation on hydraulic structures - The basic stipulations for design; - QCVN 22:2016/BYT -National technical regulation on lighting - Permissible levels of lighting in the workplace; - QCVN 24:2016/BYT – National technical regulation on noise - Permissible exposure levels of noise in the workplace; - QCVN 26:2016/BYT - National technical regulation on microclimate - Permissible value of microclimate in the workplace; - QCVN 27:2016/BYT - National technical regulation on vibration - Permissible levels in the workplace; - QCVN 18:2014/BXD - National technical regulation on Safety in Construction. ➢ Legal documents related to the subproject: - Dispatch No.2318/VPCP-QHQT of the Government Office dated 14/3/2017 “Approving the Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project, funded by WB” - Decision No. 260/QD-TTg dated 27/02/2015 of the Prime Minister approving the master plan on socio-economic development in Thai Nguyen province towards 2020 and vision to 2030; - Decision No. 2486/QD-TTg dated 20/12/2016 of the Prime Minister approving the adjustment of Thai Nguyen city master plan, Thai Nguyen province by 2035; - Decision No. 1064/QD-TTg dated 08/7/2013 of the Prime Minister approving the Page | 14 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject master plan on socio-economic development in the Northern midland and mountainous region by 2020; - Decision No. 936/QD-UBND dated 20/4/2017 of Thai Nguyen Provincial People’s Committee on establishing a steering board and group assisting the Steering Committee of the Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen city Subproject; - Five year socio-economic development plan in 2016 - 2020 of Thai Nguyen Province, Thai Nguyen city; - Memorandum of understanding on site surveys and workshops between WB’s mission and recommendations on participation in the Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project; - Zoning and subdivision planning were and are being carried out in Thai Nguyen city; - Information, data provided from Departments and agencies of the city, province. - Data from field surveys (from June to October 2017) carried out by environmental and social consultants. - Data and documents created by the Subproject Owner - Prefeasibility Study Statement for the Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen city subproject, June 2017. - Feasibility Study Statement for the Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject, October 2017. - Basic design drawings for the Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject, October 2016. D.2. World Bank Safeguard Policies The Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project (DCIDP) - Thai Nguyen city subproject has been reviewed and screened and is classified into B category in environment in accordance with the WB’s Environmental Assessment Policy (OP/BP 4.01). The Project implementation may cause environmentally and socially negative impacts which are at low to medium, site specific, avoidable and mitigable through mitigation measures. For identifying all negative impacts and mitigation measures, the Subproject Owner has developed an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) report to comply with environmental and social management requirements of WB and Vietnam. Negative impacts of the subproject will be addressed by synchronously applying mitigation measures set forth in the Environmental and Social Management Plan which is inseparable part of ESIA and which includes monitoring plans and approvals of requirements on health and safety for construction workers. In the subproject implementation progress, ESMP execution will be a requirement for the Subproject Owner and construction contractors. (1) At subproject level WB’s safeguard policies to be applied, including: (a) Environmental assessment (OP 4.01); (b) Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04); (c) Forests (OP/BP 4.36); (d) Physical cultural resources (OP/BP 4.11); (e) Involuntary resettlement (OP/BP 4.12). (2) At Subproject level Environmental assessment (OP/BP 4.01)3 3 Full treatment of OP/BP 4.01 can be found at the Bank website: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTPOLICIES/EXTSAFEPOL/0,,contentMDK:2 0543912~menuPK:1286357~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:584435,00.html Page | 15 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject The construction and rehabilitation of the urban infrastructure under the subproject involve: i) new construction and rehabilitation of urban roads and bridges; ii) upgrading of drainage canals and associated urban roads; iii) construction of sewage collection systems; and iv) rebuild or newly-build kindergarten. Construction and operation of these urban infrastructures would have adverse environmental and social impacts requiring appropriate measures which are addressed in details in subsequent chapters of the ESIA. The majority of the potential adverse impacts relate to land acquisition and construction activities. These include commonly known construction impacts and risks, such as: i)safety risks related to unexploded ordinances; ii)increased level of dust, noise, vibration; iii) pollution risks related to generation of waste and wastewater, particularly large amount of excavated/dredging materials; iv) traffic disturbance, and increased traffic safety risks; iv) interruption of existing infrastructure and services; v) disturbance to daily socio-economic activities in subproject area and social disturbance; vi) health and safety issues related to the public and the workers at construction sites; vii) social impacts associated with construction disrupting businesses by construction related activities and mobilization of workers to the construction site, etc. The potential impacts during operation include the impacts on traffic safety of the newly built roads. The induced impact may include localized urban development in some city areas. Nevertheless, it is not anticipated that there would be significant induced and cumulative impacts during construction and operation. Natural habitats (OP/BP 4.04)4 The subproject will be implemented in urban areas and will not involve significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats or other natural habitats. However, some civil works will be implemented on existing natural habitats such as construction of the bridges would have some potential adverse impacts on natural habitats of the rivers, including loss of benthic habitats and disturbance of benthic organisms. The potential impacts and their associated mitigation measures have been identified and addressed in the subproject ESIA and ESMP. Forests (OP/BP 4.36)5 The screening results of the Subproject show that the Subproject will affect 14,500 m 2 production forest land owned by 27 households (mainly planting acacia and cajuput). This impact will affect income and livelihoods of affected people; potential risks for workers who are directly involved in construction by insects, bees, mosquitoes or snakes, predators or get diseases such as influenza, dengue fever, malaria, gastrointestinal disease, and skin diseases; potential risks of workers’ hunting and trapping animals for food, cutting down trees for firewood; or risks of forest fire due to workers’ carelessness in cooking and smoking. However, this impact is mitigable through the compliance with rules and regulations on construction site and appropriate construction methods incorporated in the bidding documents and contracts with construction units; Physical cultural resources (OP/BP 4.11)6 4 Full description of OP/BP 4.04 is available at http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTPOLICIES/EXTSAFEPOL/0,,contentMDK:2 0543920~menuPK:1286576~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:584435,00.html 5Full description of OP/BP 4.36 is available at https://policies.worldbank.org/sites/ppf3/PPFDocuments/Forms/DispPage.aspx?docid=1574&ver=current 6 OP/BP 4.11 is accessible at http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTPOLICIES/EXTSAFEPOL/0,,contentMDK:2 0543961~menuPK:1286639~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:584435,00.html Page | 16 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject The subproject does not have potential impacts on important Physical Cultural Resources (PCRs). However, it involves civil works with excavation and the relocation of graves, which are also considered PCR. Mitigation measures for the relocation of graves have been included in the subproject Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) and ESMP, as appropriate. In any event, a chance finds procedure will be prepared and included in the subproject ESMP, and bidding and contractual documents. Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12)7 Screening of the proposed subproject shows that it would affect 1,347 households (HHs), and about 133 HHs may have to relocate. These impacts will cause substantial social risks such as loss of income and livelihood and disrupted social bonds due to loss of land and/or relocation. However, all potential impacts and risks could be predicable, mitigatable and manageable by applying all possible mitigation measures including design alternatives, compensation at replacement cost, provision of land plots in resettlement sites to be constructed within subproject ward/commune for relocated households, and provision of livelihood restoration package for severely and vulnerably affected households. All the potential social impacts and associated mitigation measures have been included in a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for implementation. World Bank Group Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines8 World Bank-financed subprojects should also take into account the World Bank Group Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines (known as the "EHS Guidelines"). The EHS Guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry-specific examples of Good International Industry Practice. The EHS Guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are normally acceptable to the World Bank Group and are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities at reasonable costs by existing technology. The environmental assessment process may recommend alternative (higher or lower) levels or measures, which, if acceptable to the World Bank, become subproject- or site-specific requirements. This subproject should conform to these Guidelines. In addition, the ESIA must also comply with International Conventions to which Vietnam is a member (eg, International Water Resources and Climate Change, etc.). In addition, the Bank’s EHS team will guide information about environmental, social, health and safety issues related to the investment sector. Environmental guidelines related to the ESIA include emission sources, environmental quality of ambient air, noise, wastewater, solid waste, sludge / sediment and water quality. E. ESIA Implementation Arrangements For the subproject, Thai Nguyen People’s Committee plays a role as the Subproject Owner and Thai Nguyen city PMU is the representative of the Subproject Owner for subproject execution. The Subproject Owner has signed an agreement with Viet Nam AE Investment and Consultant Joint Stock Company to carry out Environmental and Social Impact Assessment in the course of subproject preparation. ESIA preparators are shown in the following table: 7 Detail of OP/BP 4.12 is available at http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTPOLICIES/EXTSAFEPOL/0,,contentMDK:2 0543978~menuPK:1286647~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:584435,00.html 8 The EHS Guidelines can be consulted at www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/Content/EnvironmentalGuidelines. Page | 17 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 1: List of ESIA preparators Titles, degrees and No. Name Tasks during ESIA preparation majors Representative of the Subproject Owner 1. Vu Thi Bich Thuy Master in Leader of whole subproject Economics 2. Dang The Son Construction Public consultation Engineer 3. Vuong Thai Hung Bachelor in Public consultation Environment ESIA Implementation unit 4. Doan Manh Hung MSc in Leader of the ESIA preparation – General Environment management of the ESIA preparation, field surveys Studies and preparation of chapters 1, 3, 4 and 5. 5. Pham Ngoc Trang MSc in Field survey, public consultation, preparation of Environment chapters 1, 3, 4 and 5 Studies 6. Nguyen Xuan Environmental Field survey, public consultation, preparation of Trung Hydrology Engineer chapters 2, 3 and 4. 7. Do Thanh Tung Bachelor in Field survey, public consultation, preparation of meteorology chapters 2, 3 and 4. 8. Bui Thi Phuong Master in Environmental monitoring, sampling; Analysis and Ngoc Environmental processing of results, and preparation of chapter 2. Studies 9. Le Thi Thanh Environmental Site survey, public consultation, environmental Hoa Engineer monitoring and sampling. 10. Vu Trong Bang MSc in water Site survey, public consultation and preparation of resources planning chapter 6. and management 11. Vu Xuan Son MSc in Business Site survey, public consultation, preparation of and Management introduction part and chapters 2, 3 and 4. 12. Nguyen Manh Bachelor in Site survey, public consultation, preparation of Truong Sociology introduction part and chapters 2, 3 and 4. Also, the environmental and social impact assessment is prepared with coordination of: - PPMU: Thai Nguyen City People’s Committee. - Consultants for preparation of FS, RAP and ESIA - Thai Nguyen Department of Transport, Department of Natural Resources and Environment; - Communal/ward people’s committees and affected community in Subproject area. F. Environmental and social assessment methods In the process of preparation of ESIA, the Consultant has used the following methods: Page | 18 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject ➢ ESIA preparation methods ❖ Rapid Assessment Method Rapid Assessment Method was issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1993. In this report, pollution load coefficients are referred to in WB’s ESIA guideline (Environmental Assessment Manual, volume II, Sector Guideline, Environment, WB, Washington DC 8/1991 and Exhaust Gases Manual, non-industrial and industrial sources, Netherlands). These coefficients are used for forecast and assessment of environmental impacts in Chapter 3 of ESIA. ❖ Impact matrix method The method is used in chapter 3, 4 of the report. By this method, the relation between impacts of each activity under the subproject and environmental issues, elements is displayed in the impact matrix. Accordingly, these impacts will be put into studies so as to assess environmental impacts from construction activities of the subproject. ❖ Environmental modeling Environmental modeling is used in chapter 3, the method: - Use Gauss, Sutton models to forecast the spreading level and extend of TSP, PM10, SO2, CO, NO2; - Forecast noise reduction by distance generated from machines and construction equipment during construction, carried out by Federal Highway Administration (FHWA); - Forecast noise reduction by distance generated from machines and construction equipment during operation. ❖ Expert method The method is used throughout the subproject implementation process from preparing outline, determining study scale, environmental issues, surveying natural and ecological conditions, identifying and analyzing, proposing mitigation measures and developing environmental monitoring programs. ❖ Comparison methods The method is used for assessing the quality of environment, waste flows and pollution loads by comparison with regulations, related environmental standards, regulations of the Ministry of Health as well as research topics and related experiments. ❖ Identification method The method is used with following procedures: - Description of environmental system. - Determination of subproject’s components affecting the environment. - Adequate identification of waste flow and related environmental issues for specific assessment activities. ❖ Listing method - Description listing sheet: The method lists environmental components to be studied in combination with data from measurements, forecasts and assessments; - Simple listing sheet: The method lists environmental components to be studied which are likely to be affected. ❖ System analysis method This method is carried out based on considerations into waste sources, impact sources, affected Page | 19 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject receptors, environmental components, etc., for example, components in a system have a close relationship together, then, determining, analyzing and assessing impacts. ➢ Others ❖ Public consultation During the course of report preparation, the Consultant coordinated with the Client to hold consultations with leaders and local people at office of the commune/ward People’s Committees to collect information necessary for environmental impact assessment of the subproject. Specially, in early July and August, the Consultant and Client held consultations with leaders of 14 wards/commune/townships in relation with the contents as follows: Information collection, introduction to them about benefits and potential negative impacts caused by the Subproject to environment and their life. The Consultant coordinated with the local authorities in organizing consultations with communities in the subproject area. After ESIA report has been prepared, in November 2017, the PMU conducted consultations in 14 communes/wards in relation with the draft report’s contents. Accordingly, all responses and expectations from local people in 14 subproject communes/wards have been recorded. On the other hand, the consultations with local officials and people on local socio-economic development status have been also carried out. The method of public consultation is applied in Chapter 6 of this report. ❖ Information and data inheritance, summary and analysis method The method is to determine, assess natural and socio-economic conditions in subproject area through data and information collected from various sources such as Statistical Yearbook, locally socio-economic reports, environmental current status, hydrological and meteorological documents and related researches. At the same time, inheritance from done researches and reports is very crucial because achieved results will be promoted and shortages will be dealt with and developed. ❖ Site survey method Consulting agency has conducted visits in Subproject areas, surveys on geographical and topographical conditions, sampling locations, surveys on current status of water supply, drainage, power supply, etc. Collected results will be utilized to analyze social and natural conditions in subproject area. ❖ Sampling and sample analysis in labs In October 2017, the Client coordinated with Thai Nguyen Center of Natural Resources and Environment Monitoring in organization the monitoring, sampling and analyzing air, surface water, groundwater, soil and sediment samples in the subproject area to evaluate current status of quality of environment compositions. The sampling, analyzing and storage of samples complied with the applicable standards and regulations. This method is applied in item 2.1.4, Chapter 2 of the report. Page | 20 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject CHAPTER 1. SUBPROJECT DESCRIPTION 1.1. Overview 1.1.1. Name of the Subproject The Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 1.1.2. Subproject Owner Subproject Owner: Thai Nguyen City People’s Committee (CPC) Represented by: Ms. Vu Thi Bich Thuy – Deputy Chairman of CPC Address: No. 10, Nguyen Du street, Trung Vuong ward – Thai Nguyen city; Tel: 0208 3 855571; Fax: 0208 3 854988 1.1.3. The objectives of the Subproject ➢ Overall objectives To increase access to improved urban infrastructure services and enhance integrated urban planning and management capacity ➢ Specific objectives Strengthening connectivity and improving the quality of the urban transport infrastructure, reducing congestion and traffic accidents, reducing transportation costs and facilitating the development of production, services and trade for the city and neighboring areas; Reducing the flooding status and risk, improving the wastewater pollution in some residential areas. Increasing investment efficiency of wastewater treatment plants implemented by the completed subprojects; Improving the quality and addressing the needs of kindergarten education in Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung wards. 1.1.4. Locations of work items under the Subproject 09 work items of Thai Nguyen City Subproject include: upgrading and construction of 4 roads and re-building 01 bridge; rehabilitation and construction of embankments for protecting two ditches; newly-building 02 kindergartens. The work items are implemented in 14 wards/communes of Thai Nguyen city, Thai Nguyen province. Locations of the proposed work items under DCIDP – Thai Nguyen city Subproject are shown in Figure 1 and Table 2 below. Page | 21 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Figure 1: Locations of work items under the Subproject Page | 22 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 1.2. Work items of the Subproject Table 2: Detailed description of work items Land No. Item Location Specifications acquisition, Picture resettlement 1 Southnorth - Location: Tuc Duyen, Gia Sang • Southnorth road - S: 13.17ha. Road & wards and Huong Thuong - L = 3.2km, VTK = 50km/h - AHs: 448 Huong commune. - Bbase = 41m, Bsurface = 4x3.5m. HHs Thuong - The From cross-road between - Relocated Bridge - Median strip: B = 10.5m. Southnorth road and Cach Mang HHs: 80 Constructio - Sidewalk in two sides B = 2x7.5m Thang Tam road. HHs n - The ending point connects to - Road elevation: Average elevation is Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road. 25.7m, which is 0.1-0.3 m above current ground. • Current status of use: • Huong Thuong bridge - The road is 3.2km long, including 400m of earth road, - Service life: 100 years 900m passing through the - Live load HL 93 residential area, 1,581m passing - L = 319.4m through the rice land of the local people. - Bbase = 23.5m, Bsurface = 4x3.5m. - Current technical status: This is - Median strip: B = 2.5m a new road, connecting residents in - Sidewalk in two sides: B = 2x2.5m. two sides of Cau river. - Clearance height: H > 4.75m. - Current resident status: - Navigation: BxH = 40x6m Typical cross-section of Southnorth road Population is sparsely populated, • Auxiliary works mainly concentrated in the starting point of the route and Huong - Retaining wall L = 150m; Thuong bridge area. The distance - Local interchanges and tapered sections to the nearest residential area is 5- - Xuong Rong 2 bridge: slab deck structure 10m. 15m, B = 41m; - Stormwater and wastewater drainage system along the road. - Protection and traffic safety works; Structure of Huong Thuong bridge Sidewalks - trees; Lighting system. Page | 23 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Land No. Item Location Specifications acquisition, Picture resettlement 2 Huong - Location: Chua Hang ward, • Hupng Thuong – Chua Hang road - S: 14.45 ha. Thuong - Dong Bam, Linh Son and Huong - L = 5.72km, VTK = 50km/h - AHs: 321 Chua Hang Thuong communes. HHs Road - Bbase = 24.5m, Bsurface = 4x3.5m - The starting point: Connects to - Median strip B = 0.5m - Relocated Constructio the Southnorth road - Huong HHs: 10 n - Safety strip adjacent to sidewalk B = Thuong bridge. HHs 2x0.25m - The ending point: Intersects with Chua Hang island in Chua Hang - Right and left sidewalks: B = (7.5 + 2)m ward. - Road elevation (varying from 25.7 to • Current status of use: 29.3m, which is 0.00m – 0.50m above current ground. - The road is 5.72km long, including 300m of earth road, • Mo Linh stream overpass 3,972m passing through the - Service life: 100 years Building location of Huong Thuong Chua Hang road residential area, 3,902m passing - L = 128.5m through the rice land of the local - Live load HL 93 people. - Bbase = 18m, Bsurface= 4x3.5m. - Current technical status: This is a new road, terrain is mainly flat - Left sidewalk: B = 2.5m land, interlaced in the residential • Auxiliary works: areas. - Local interchanges and tapered sections - Current resident status: - Stormwater and wastewater drainage Population is sparsely populated, system along the road. mainly concentrated in the ending - Protection and traffic safety works; point of the route. The distance to the nearest residential area is 5- Sidewalks - trees; Lighting system. Cross-section of the road 10m. Structure of Mo Linh 1 bridge Page | 24 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Land No. Item Location Specifications acquisition, Picture resettlement 3 Dong Bam - Location: Dong Bam commune - L = 3.4km, VTK = 50km/h. - S: 5.74 ha. Residential - The starting point: intersects - Bbase = 21.0m; Bsurface = 2x5.0m - AHs: 137 Area Road with NH1B HHs Upgrading - Safety strip adjacent to sidewalk B = - The ending point: Intersects with 2x0.25m Relocated NH17 - Sidewalk B = 2x5.25m. HHs: 3 HHs • Current status of use: about - Road elevation varies from +27m to 800m of the beginning of route +29m, which is 0.5 – 3.0m above the crosses agricultural land, 900m current ground. follows up the existing route, • Auxiliary works: and the rest mainly crosses agricultural land. - Local interchanges and tapered sections Construction location of Dong Bam road - Current technical status: This is - Stormwater and wastewater drainage a new road, terrain is mainly flat system along the road. land, interlaced in the residential - Protection and traffic safety works; areas. Sidewalks - trees; Lighting system. - Current resident status: Population is sparsely populated, mainly concentrated in the middle of the route. The distance to the nearest residential area is about 10m. Cross-section layout of Dong Bam Page | 25 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Land No. Item Location Specifications acquisition, Picture resettlement 4 Dan Bridge - Location: Thinh Dan ward. • Dan bridge - S: 0.68ha. Upgrading - Current status of use: located on - Service life: 100 years - AHs: 7 HHs Quang Trung street which is the - No relocated - Live load HL 93 main traffic route connecting Thai HH. - Lbridge = 42m, VTK = 50km/h. Nguyen and Tan Cuong. The bridge crosses Nui Coc lake - Bbridge = 32m, Bsurface = 4x3.5m irrigation canal. - Sidewalk: B = 2x3.0m - Current technical status: The • Auxiliary works: bridge is 42m long, bridge surface - Lighting system, drainage system and B = 7m, degraded and being a knot electric transmission line in two ends of Building location of Dan bridge on the Quang Trung route, causing bridge. traffic jams. - Current population status: sparsely populated, about 7-8 households living near the subproject area, about 30-50m far away. Cross-section of Dan bridge Overall layout of Dan bridge 5 Le Huu Trac - Location: Thinh Dan and Tan • Le Huu Trac road - S: 4.78ha Road Lap wards. - L = 1.7km, VTK = 50km/h. - AHs: 185 Upgrading - The starting point: connects with HHs - Bbase = 27.0m. Bsurface = 4x3.5m the existing Le Huu Trac road; - Relocated - Median strip B = 3.0m HHs: 30 HHs. - The ending point: intersect - Edge strip in two sides of median strip: B between 3/2 road and Thanh Nien = 2x0.5m. Xung Phong road; - Safety strip adjacent to sidewalk B = - Current status of use: the road is 2x0.25m. 1.7 km long, including 150m Page | 26 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Land No. Item Location Specifications acquisition, Picture resettlement passing existing concrete road, - Sidewalk B = 2x4.25m. 1000m passing through the land for • National highway 3 overpass rice cultivation of local people, - Lbridge = 67.2m; Bbridge = 8.5m. 550m along the existing road and residential areas. - Carriage-way width B = 2x3.5m - The current technical status: - Safety strip B = 2x0.25m narrow road, width of about 8.0m, - Bridge railing: B = 2x0.5m roadbed is defective and degraded, • Auxiliary works: technical infrastructure is not complete. - Local interchanges and tapered sections Location of newly-built and upgraded Le Huu Trac road - Stormwater and wastewater drainage - Current population status: The system along the road. route mainly passes through the agricultural land, with 30-40 - Protection and traffic safety works; households living along the road. Sidewalks - trees; Lighting system. Proposed cross-section Overall layout of Highway 3 overpass Page | 27 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Land No. Item Location Specifications acquisition, Picture resettlement 6 Xuong Rong - Location: Tuc Duyen and Gia • Xuong Rong ditch: - S: 1.91ha Stream Sang wards. - Scope: Dredging and widening the - AHs: 57 Drainage - Current status of use: This is section of the ditch, reinforcing the ditch by HHs Ditch main drainage line for Tuc Duyen, concrete. - Relocated Gia Sang wards and nearby HHs: 6 HHs. - L =3,200m. residential areas. - Structure: Combined section B = 8-25m. - Current technical status: The • Auxiliary works: drainage ditch is open ditch, has been deposited up to 4m, - Building access road by cement concrete Location of the works unguaranteed drainage width. along the road, with width of B=3m Along the banks of the ditch are - Washing wharf is built along two ditch shrubs. banks with distance of 200m/wharf, width - Population status: Currently, B=5m and mortar stone structure. around 100 households living - The railing system is arranged in the side nearby the ditch of canal bank - Wastewater drainage system: Wastewater collection pipeline D300, length L = 3805m; 176 manholes; box culvert BxH=2x2m with length L = 150m; Typical cross section - 02 stepping wastewater pumping stations 7 Mo Bach - Location: The wards of Quang • Mo Bach stream: - S: 7.48ha Stream Trung, Tan Thinh, Thinh Dan, - Scope: Dredging and widening the - AHs: 183 Drainage Quang Vinh and Hoang Van Thu. ditch’s section, consolidation of the ditch HHs Ditch - Starting point: Intersects with banks - Relocated Quang Trung road at Dan HHs: 4 HHs - L =3,854 m. overpass. • Structure: - Ending point: Mo Bach bridge - Combined section with width B = 8-25m. - Current status of use: This is Rubble embankment in combination with main wastewater and sotrwater concrete brace and grass planting. drainage line for Quang Trung, - Section type 1: At chainage Km1+20. Tan Thinh, Thinh Dan, Quang Preserve the status-quo, additional rock Location of Mo Bach ditch Page | 28 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Land No. Item Location Specifications acquisition, Picture resettlement Vinh and Hoang Van Thu wards. embankment for locations without - Current technical status: This is embankment. open ditch, be deposited, which - Section type 2: From Km1+2- to K2+0. affects drainage. B = 10m-15m; Bđt=Bđp=7.5m. - Population status: Along the - Section type 3: From Km2+0 – banks of the ditch are vacant land Km2+840. B = 20m-25m; Bđt=Bđp=7.5m. space with wild plants and at some • Auxiliary works: sections, residents are living - Wastewater collection system along the nearby the ditch. canal - Total length of pipeline: 6613m - 96 wastewater drainage manholes; - 100 households connecting to the drainage ditch; - Residue and gas release valve - 02 wastewater drainage pumping stations: Station 1: Flow Q= 12.22(m3/h), H=11.29m. Pressure pipeline DN110, L=1300m; Station 2: Flow Q=12.22(m3/h), H=4.64m, Pressure pipe DN110, L = 50m. Page | 29 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Land No. Item Location Specifications acquisition, Picture resettlement 8 Huong Son - Location: Huong Son ward - S = 6,151 m2, 24 classrooms, 500 pupils. - S: 6,151 m2 Kindergarten - AHs: 6 HHs - Status-quo is the 1-2 storey - Structure: Construction block (S = 450m2) seriously • Permanent building, reinforced - No relocated degraded and has no resident concrete, brick wall, heat resistant and HH. living. waterproof roof, artificial grass roof - Technical status: Currently, the • Construction area: 1,934 m2 cement concrete road is existing • Green park: 1,248 m2 with width from 5-12m. • Internal traffic area: 2,792 m2 - Population status: The northeast borders on the rice fields, the - Auxiliary works: southwest borders on Huong Son • Campus, fence, kitchen, lodge, parking road, the Northwest borders on the lot alley, the Southeast borders on 5 • Lighting system households. • Water supply and drainage system Building location of Huong Son kindergarten • Fire prevention and fighting system Layout of Huong Son kindergarten Page | 30 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Land No. Item Location Specifications acquisition, Picture resettlement 9 Phan Dinh - Location: Phan Dinh Phung • S = 3,300 m2, 18 classrooms, 400 pupils. - S: 3,330 m2 Phung ward - AHs: 3 HHs • Structure: Kindergarten - Current status of use: The school - Permanent building, reinforced concrete, - No relocated Upgrading was put into operation since 1998 brick wall, heat resistant and waterproof HH. with 10 classrooms and 350 pupils. roof, artificial grass roof This is one-storey block (S = - Construction area: 1,344 m2 1,725m2). Facilities have been seriously degraded, not meeting - Green park: 910 m2 Building location of Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten the needs of the surrounding - Internal traffic area: 990 m2 people. • Auxiliary works: - Technical status: The subproject - Brick walls surrounding area had cement concrete road with - Campus, fence, kitchen, lodge, parking width of about 8m. lot - Population status: Surrounding the subproject area adjacent to - Lighting system residential areas. This closest - Water supply and drainage system distance is about 3m. - Fire prevention and fighting system Layout of Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten Page | 31 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 1.3. Auxiliary works The auxiliary works are mainly camps, kitchens, bath rooms and warehouses. Most of the construction sites have large premises with quite convenient location for gathering materials as well as building workers’ camps. Workers’ camps are built of steel columns with walls surrounded by corrugated sheets, canvas and roof covered with corrugated sheets or cement fiber, cement floors. The number of workers is minor, short construction time and utilization of local laborers, so simple camps will be set up to ensure daily living conditions for workers. Kitchens: Kitchens are set up temporarily near the campsite by iron columns, corrugated iron roofs and walls. Materials for cooking are mainly gas and wood. Toilets: Mobile toilets will be arranged by the Client. Electricity and water: 100% of the camps use electricity from the national grid. There are 8 among 9 works using tap water. In particular, the works of Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road uses bored well water purchased from local households since tap water has not been brought to this area. Warehouses: Warehouses are located near the workers’ camps to gather constructional materials such as cement, grease, steel, iron, etc. Technical specifications of the warehouse are as follow: steel columns, corrugated iron roof, surrounding walls are made of B40 steel, cement floor. Sand, gravel, stone, brick are stored at the construction site. Table 3: Some reference locations for building site camps In the middle of Huong Thuong – Chua Hang In the middle of Southnorth road (Works No. 1) road (works No.2) Page | 32 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject At the starting point of Dong Bam road (Works At the ending point of Dong Bam road (Works No.3) No.4) At the starting point of Le Huu Trac road In the middle of Le Hu Trac road, nearby (Works No.5) Highway 3 overpass (Works No.5) Corn rice in Trai hamlet, nearby Mo Bach ditch Xuong Rong drainage ditch area (Works No.6) (Works No.7) Vacant land in the middle of Mo Bach stream In the campus of Huong Son kindergarten route (Works No.7) (Works No.8) 1.4. Construction method and technologies Thai Nguyen city subproject is a multi-disciplinary subproject with diversified investment subprojects. Therefore, works construction methods and technology will be proposed based on each category of works, technical specifications, conditions of construction at the subproject location and requirements on construction, etc. Design and construction shall be implemented in compliance with the current standards, processes and regulations of Vietnam and refer to the foreign standards, processes and regulations which are allowed to apply in Vietnam. The construction methods described below are excerpted from the "pre-feasibility study" report of the subproject. Page | 33 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 1.4.1. Generic construction methods Site preparation: handover the construction site to the construction Contractor. Mobilization of workers, construction equipment; agreement, construction permission. Prior to construction, the contractor shall carry out rehabilitation of surveyor's stakes and center stakes. The system of surveyor's stakes and center stakes should be verified and accepted by the Consultant before construction. The Contractor shall additionally install necessary extra stakes for the construction, especially in special locations including changing slope, roundabout, transition place between excavation and backfilling, etc. The surveyor's stakes shall be taken out of the impact scope of construction vehicles and fixed by other piles and carefully protected so that the main stakes can be quickly restored according to design location in case construction test is required. The requirements of positioning and molding consist of determination of positions including the center, axis of the works, the roof foot of backfilled soil, roof top edge of excavated soil, landslide support, boundary of foundation hole, the edge of material mine, width of the side ditches, top ditches, cross sections of excavation or backfilling, etc. The positioning of the works should be witnessed by the Supervision Consulting Engineers; the records of measurement should be saved for later examination. Site clearance: The obstacles and structures of works within the construction scope should be dismantled. All objects including trees, stumps, roots, grasses, trash and other obstacles should be excavated, cleaned and transported out of the construction site and then dumped at the designated location. Clearance, digging poles and ditches will be carried out up to the necessary depth in accordance with the requirements of excavation within the construction site. Bridges, culverts and drainage works located on the roads which are being used, will not be allowed to be removed or displaced without proper traffic assurance measures. Road surface within the scope of removal should be dug to the prescribed depth, and if the excavated material is not utilized according to requirements, they will be smashed into pieces less than 300mm, gathered and transported into the location as prescribed; Removal of the road surface should be carried out carefully to avoid damage to sections adjacent to road surface or neighboring works that have been required to be kept in the original position. The materials obtained during the preparation process of the construction site, which are determined to be reusable for other work items, shall be collected at the specified location within the construction site. The determination of suitability of the utilized material is evaluated by the experimental methods or evaluation and approval from the supervision consultants. The unsuitable and non-recycled materials will be treated as waste materials and transported or disposed at the designated location. The Contractor is responsible for applying for permits for waste material collection sites. Leveling is carried out to create prefabrication site plan and gather materials: Backfilling the site with materials utilized from excavated base (organic, mold, leveling excavation). Leveling, backfilling the site is implemented with tightness K90. The above section is paved with crushed aggregate subbase course and compacted K95 to create the surface for the site. Construction of workers camps, equipment gathering site. 1.4.2. Road construction method Construction of roadbase: - Excavating and removing organic soil layer, clear the site; - Treating soft soil in each section; Page | 34 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject - Backfilling soil layer-by-layer and roll at the tightness K=0.95. - Backfilling the roadbase (K=0.98) and suspension by each phase until the designed elevation is met. Construction of road surface: New road surface is constructed with an order from bottom to the top: - Paving a macadam aggregate type 2 with thickness of 25cm; - Paving a macadam aggregate type 1 with thickness of 25cm; - Applying prime coat; - Paving an asphalt concrete19 layer with thickness of 7cm; - Applying of tack coat; - Paving an asphalt concrete 12.5 with thickness of 5cm. Construction of drainage system: Construction of horizontal drainage culvert, longitudinal ditch system at the same time with construction of roadbase: - Construction of culvert foundation; - Installation of culvert pipe; - Construction culvert joints; - Soil backfilling in 2 sides of culvert body and culvert back by each layer with thickness from 15cm to 20cm and compacted at required level for roadbase (K=0.95). Construction of sidewalks: - Gathering materials - Leveling as follow design elevation - Construction of the curb: Leveling, compacting to achieve the design compaction coefficient, using pre- cast concrete components for curbing Local road intersection: Tapering from the edge of road surface to local road, reinstate the road pavement structure following the structure of former local road surface. 1.4.3. Bridge construction method ❖ NH3 overpass construction method Apart from the basic construction methods similar to those of the river overpass below, including construction of abutment, piers and upper structures of the bridge, there are construction methods of NH3 overpass as follows: - Tentative construction duration: 3-4 months; - Construction method: Mainly take place at nights; - Instructive signs and warning signs will be equipped on the construction site; - Warning signs and instructive signs of work ahead, speed limit signs will be equipped on the NH3; - Disclose publically about the construction of NH3 overpass via the mass media such as television, broadcasting and newspapers; - Construction activities will be allowed until permission from the NH3 authority. ❖ River overpass construction method Abutments: Page | 35 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject - Leveling the site, installing equipment for bored pile construction; - Drilling holes; pouring pile concrete; - Excavating soil in foundation hole to the designed elevation, pouring concrete, backfilling soil to the uppermost surface of the foundation. - Installing scaffolding and formwork, reinforcing steel, pouring and treating concrete; - Removing scaffolding and formwork. - Completing of abutment. On-land piers: - Leveling the site, installing equipment for bored pile construction. - Drilling holes, keeping and stabilizing drilling holes, pouring bored pile concrete; - Excavating soil in foundation hole to the designed elevation, pouring concrete, backfilling soil to the uppermost surface of the foundation; - Installing scaffolding and formwork. - Backfilling to the elevation of natural ground and completing piers. In-water piers: - Installing equipment for bored pile construction on floating system. - Drilling holes, keeping and stabilizing drilling holes, pouring pile concrete. - Placing sheet pile coffer-dam, excavating soil within the coffer-dam, pouring concrete to seal the bottom, pumping water of foundation hole, installing formwork, reinforcing steel for the foundation and pouring concrete. - Installing scaffolding and formwork, installing steel reinforcement for the piers, pouring concrete. - Removing scaffolding and formwork. - Clearing the river bottom, completing piers. Bridge superstructures: - Casting girder - Constructing the casting platform/formwork. Concreting and maintaining concrete. - Taking girder to the construction site. Launching girder at required position by crane or by specialized erection girder. - Constructing of girder deck and concrete handrail curb. - Constructing waterproofing bridge deck, paving asphalt concrete, completing bridge. 1.4.4. Methods of ditch dredging and construction Methods of stormwater, wastewater diversion system - Embank retaining dike to prevent the flow in construction segments; each segment is about 30m long. - Drain water in the foundation by pumps with capacity of 50Cv - Use water pipeline PVC D200 for Mo Bach ditch and D150 for Xuong Rong ditch to ensure drainage during the construction phase. Foundation excavation for wastewater drainage system - Use steel piles U200x100x4, then retain soil by steel plate with thickness of 5mm, distance of 1m between two piles. - Use horizontal wooden support for the foundation Page | 36 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject - Excavate the foundation to the designed elevation, then lay a stone 2x4 layer and a sand layer with thickness of 15cm after construction of culvert pipe. - Arrange a drainage ditch with dimension 10x15cm on the foundation for implementing construction. Sludge dredging: - For the first segment with a length of 30m, dredging the foundation and manually gathering dredged sludge, then transporting the dredged materials to dumping site. - For remaining segments, dredging sludge by excavator with the bucket’s capacity of 0.8 m3, excavating 2 times and using 5-ton or 10-ton truck for transporting the dredged materials. Concreting work: - Pour concrete manually, mixing and compacting the concrete by machines, and transporting concrete manually. - Methods: Concreting the foundation by chutes placed from the foundation top to the bottom. The chutes must be placed firmly and must not put on rebar and formwork. - Install the scaffold platform for construction of foundation wall, wall height >2m; use appropriate elephant hoses or chutes for pouring concrete to avoid materials dropping from the height >1.5m. Stone work: - Dimension of the stone for building wall must be at least 25cm. - Stone is laid manually on mortar with non-straight stacked bonds. Before laying, the mortar must be kept moist. - The volume of stone wall should be maintained by watering at least 12 hours. - Drainage pipe must be made from plastic PVC  60, the quantity of pipes is set forth in the Design. In any cases, the top of the wall should be flatted by mortar. For embankment: Due to the requirement of anti-landslide construction, embankments should be carried out according to the successive construction method with the following steps: - Step 1: Manual weathering and transportation to the gathering site is carried out at unused vacant land area adjacent to the construction site and then transferred to the dumping site; - Step 2: Construction of cofferdam is implemented manually in combination with excavator; - Step 3: Excavation of soil and leveling aims to create construction at elevation of +0.4 ÷ 0.5; - Step 4: Driving 2 rows of eucalyptus interleaving 2 edges of stone gabions; - Step 5: Excavation of gabion foundation is implemented to the elevation of -2.10m; - Step 6: Construction of bamboo fence layer adjacent between gabion and backfilled soil. - Step 7: Construction of gabion; - Step 8: Backfilling soil to create embankment roof; - Step 9: Construction of embankment roof beam frame; - Step 10: Placing stones tightly into the embankment; - Step 11: Breaking cofferdam - Step 12: After finishing the embankment roof, the concrete road is constructed on the embankment top. Completing the works and cleaning the ground. Page | 37 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject For construction of roads behind embankment: The construction methods for road and bridge include the following steps: - Preparation  Positioning and localization of works;  Preparation of construction camps and workers camps;  Mobilization of machinery and equipment. - Construction of concrete roads  Step 1: Excavation and dredging of organic soil  Step 2: Covering the ground according to standard hardness in each design layer  Step 3: Excavation of the road foundation according to the width of each section; Installing the formwork and pouring cement concrete under the formwork.  Step 4: Drawing the formwork => completion. - Construction of asphalt concrete layer  Step 1: Excavation and dredging of organic soil  Step 2: Covering the ground according to standard hardness in each design layer  Step 3: Excavation of the road foundation according to the width of each section  Step 4: Spreading and compacting each soil layer, type 2 and type 1 (in the roadbed) to the standard hardness in the design layers.  Step 5: Drawing the formwork => completion. 1.4.5. Methods for construction of Kindergarten Methods of foundation excavation - Excavate the foundation at designed elevation mechanically and manually: excavate soil mechanically 0.1m above designed elevation, then carry out manual excavation. - Excavate trench and water collection hole surrounding the foundation for drainage. - In case of foundation flooding due to rain: Drain water in the foundation following the drainage system by using pump with capacity from 5-25 m3/h. - In the course of construction, it can be rainy, the positions with soft soil will be supported by formwork to prevent soil erosion into the foundation. - Excavated soil will be successively transported, only qualified soil is used for foundation backfilling. Construction, plastering and tiling Lay the first tile line for standardizing following lines: - Tiling separate room: Lay the first two tile lines, closet to 2 vertical edges of the room inwards from the door. - Titling the room with shared corridor: the first two tiles must be started from the horizontal mortar joints of the corridor and make sure that the vertical joint of the room coincides with the horizontal joints of the corridor. At corners which are not wide enough for laying full tiles, the tiles will be cut and tiled in the inmost brick course in the room. - In case tiles of the corridor are in a different size, the first brick course must depend on the bonding of separate room. - A mortar layer with 2cm thick must be applied in advance for titling. - Gently hit the wooden mallet or the trowel hand on the tiles to get matched with the Page | 38 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject datum line. - Keep lean mortar dry before laying bricks. - When the mortar is dry, clean the mortar joints with soft brushes. - Water mortar joints by bare amount of water. - Apply grout in joints and spread it over the tiles - Sprinkle white powder cement on these joints - Sweep the tile with brooms or soft brushes. 1.4.6. Removal of power posts - Dismantle all components, re-stretch electric wire, install ceramic electrical insulators - Place new electric posts; for posts on sidewalk, install an outdoor three-phase sub- switch with voltage of 24kv, DN-24kv-630A, 01 Zinc Oxide Surge Arrester 24kv, support components TU and TI, lightning arresters, insulated chairs, ladders. - Utilize available measurement tools - Insulation: Use ceramic electrical insulator 24kv - Power post: Centrifugal concrete post with a height of 16m - Post Foundation: cylinder reinforced concrete foundation with lean concrete M50; pre- cast concrete M150; concrete base M200. - Cross-arm brace: by shaped steel with zinc coating - Earthing and lightning protection: Re-earthing all power posts with resistance of no more than 10Ω. 1.4.7. Regulatory requirement on the minimum distance between residential/business areas and the infrastructure The Minimum environmentally safe distance for each works accounted into the design. There are three work could have mininum environmentally safe distance: wastewater pumping station; Phan Dinh Phung and Huong Son kindergarten; Xuong Rong stream and Mo Bach stream. Table 4: Minimum environmentally safe distance Minimum N Works environmentally safe Legal distance 1 02 wastewater pumping stations of - Decision 04/2008/QD- Xuong Rong stream BXD - Vietnam Building Code. Regional and Urban Planning and Rural Residental Planning - TCVN 7957:2008: Drainage and sewerage 20m - External Networks and Facilities - Design Standard - TCXDVN 33:2006 - Water supply - Distribution system and facilities - Design standard. Page | 39 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Minimum N Works environmentally safe Legal distance 2 02 Kindergarten: Phan Dinh Phung In the case of these TCXDVN 260:2002 – and Huong Son kindergartens, the near Kindergarten – Design roads surround these standard kindergartens have low If kindergarten near traffic density, so there roads with high traffic is no minimum distance density, the distance between kindergarten from the edge of the with surounding objects road to the outside of the walls of living rooms, bedrooms and classrooms must be not less than 12m 3 Xuong Rong stream and Mo Bach - Running through Decree 43/2015/ND-CP stream residential area: 10m providing the establishment and - Do not running management of water through residential area: source protection 5m corridors. 1.5. List of machines and equipment List of expected machines and equipment to be used as follows: Table 5: Typical construction machines and equipment No. Equipment Quantity No. Equipment Quantity 1 Rod vibrator 1.5KW 10 19 Launching girder 5 Drilling machines ED, KH, Barbender 5KW 2 5 20 15 Soilmec Vertical drilling machine Air compressor jack hammer 3 5 21 15 4.5KW Diesel air compressor 240 m3/h Diesel air compressor 360 4 10 22 5 m3/h 5 10 ton truck crane 2 23 Mortar mixer 80L 10 Welding machine 23KW 3 6 10 24 Mortar pump 9 m 10 7 Power Jack 250T 5 25 Pneumatic-tyred crane 16T 2 Pump 20KW Concrete pump machine 50 8 10 26 4 m3/h 9 Diesel air compressor 600 m3/h 10 27 Dump truck 10T 50 Power Jack 500T 3 10 2 28 Water truck 5 m 5 11 Chain Pulley Block 3T 4 29 Combined roller 10 12 Crawler crane 25T 5 30 Bulldozer 10 13 Electric winch 5T 5 31 Motor grader 10 Drilling machine TRC-15 3 14 1 32 Crawler excavator 1.6 m 2 15 Cable Cutter 10kW 10 33 Rubber-tyred excavator 3 Page | 40 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject No. Equipment Quantity No. Equipment Quantity 16 Cable feed machine 15KW 10 34 Grader 5 17 Form vibrator 10 35 Girder casting bed 10 18 Rod vibrator 2.8KW 10 36 Asphalt pave finisher 5 (Basic design statement of the subproject, October 2017) 1.6. Raw materials and fuel demand 1.6.1. Construction volume of work items Demands for materials and fuel for work items under DCIDP – Thai Nguyen Subproject are shown in Table 5: Page | 41 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 6: Summary of main items of DCIDP - Thai Nguyen City Subproject Southnorth Huong Le road & Thuong Dong Xuong Mo Phan Dinh Dan Huu Huong Son No. Volume Unit Huong - Chua Bam Rong Bach Phung bridge Trac kindergarten Thuong Hang road ditch stream kindergarten road bridge road 1 Excavated soil m3 69,341 94,884 175,156 5,735 88,519 9,473 94,041 4,036 1,642 2 Backfilled soil m3 246,604 397,416 298,379 4,449 172,176 27,822 30,669 7,844 1,922 3 Sandfill m3 3,119 39,254 39,254 - - - 468 7 72 4 Rubble m3 - - - 124 - 13,650 26,058 - - 5 Geotextile fabric m2 59,695 688 28,733 - 13,094 - - - - 6 Concrete m3 91,970 103,575 85,714 3,275 54,910 2,100 7,626 2,015 967 7 Ballast m3 35,289 51,962 12,976 2,879 10,404 1,625 1,311 - 236 8 Steel Ton 4,293 1,714 1,714 536 142 58 311 138 46 9 Organic dredging m3 - - - - - 5,650 24,400 - - 10 Volume of excavated soil for backfilling m3 55,473 75,907 140,125 4,588 70,815 7,578 75,233 3,229 1,314 11 Volume of exhaust excavated soil m3 13,868 18,977 35,031 1,147 17,704 1,895 18,808 807 328 1.6.2. Material resources Selected constructional materials include backfilled soil, cement, sand, rock, steel, etc. These are available materials in Thai Nguyen city. Constructional materials are purchased at the constructional material suppliers, borrow pits, rock quarry, sand-gravel pits which have been issued mining license and approved environmental impact assessment report or environmental protection committee. The location and transportation distance of materials are presented in Table and Table . Page | 42 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 7: Constructional Material Suppliers License and Decision on Reserve (W) / Duration approval of EIA and EPC Pit/Quarry Location Works using materials Capacity (CS) (years) (Environmental Protection Commitment) Borrow pits - License No.03/GP-UBND Borrow pits: La Danh, Hoa La Danh, Hoa Trung issued on 04/1/2011 hamlets and Song Cau - W = 815.833 m3 Trung and Song Cau township 2032 - Decision No.3027/QD-Dong All 9 works towns, Dong Hy district, - CS = 395.00 m3/year (Owner: Thai Son JSC.) Thai Nguyen Hy people’s Committee dated 29/11/2010 - License No.181/GP-UBND Borrow pits: Theo Cay, Theo Cay, Minh Lap and - W = 611.076 m3 issued on 24/01/2011 Minh Lap and Hoa Thuong Hoa Thuong, Dong Hy 2041 - Decision No.14/QD-Dong All 9 works - CS = 20.000 m3/year (Owner: Viet Cuong private district, Thai Nguyen Hy people’s Committee dated enterprise) 06/01/2011 Rock quarry - License No.1978/GP-UBND Na Lay rock quarry Quang Son commune, - W = 1.022.736 m3 issued on 25/8/2010 (Owner: Viet Cuong private Dong Hy district, Thai 2033 - Decision No.1773/QD-Dong - Dong Bam road, - CS = 45.0000 m3/year enterprise) Nguyen Hy people’s Committee dated - Southnorth road & Huong 09/8/2010 Thuong bridge, - License No.1257/GP-UBND - Huong Thuong - Chua Moi hamlet rock quarry Moi and Tan Long - W = 8.700.000 m3 issued on 20/5/2011 Hang road, (Owner: Viet Cuong private hamlets, Dong Hy district, 2041 enterprise) Thai Nguyen - CS = 300.000 m3/year - Decision No. 1114/QD- - Xuong Rong drainage UBND dated 29/4/2011 ditch, - License No.230/GP-UBND - Huong Son kindergarten Quang Son commune, - W = 1.200.000 m3 issued on 26/01/2011 - Phan Dinh Phung Lan Dam II rock quarry Dong Hy district, Thai 2041 - Decision No. 89/QD-Dong kindergarten (Owner: Hai Binh Co., Ltd.) Nguyen - CS = 40.000 m3/year Hy people’s Committee dated 17/01/2011 Page | 43 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject - License No.1156/GP-UBND - Le Huu Trac road, Dau hamlet rock quarry Dau and Yen Lac hamlets, - W = 6.066.759 m3 issued on 09/5/2011 (Owner: An Khanh Mining Dong Hy district, Thai 2041 - Dan bridge, Nguyen - CS = 185.000 m3/year - Decision No.1045/QD- JSC.) - Mo Bach drainage ditch UBND dated 10/5/2010 Sand-gravel pits - Dong Bam road - Huong Thuong - Chua Sand-gravel pits: Linh Nham - License No.1482/GP-UBND Hang road river, Khe Mo - Hoa Thuong - Linh Nham, Khe Mo, Hoa issued on16/6/2011 Linh Son Thuong and Linh Son - W = 191.003 m3 - Phan Dinh Phung 2031 - Decision No. 1533/QD-Dong kindergarten hamlets, Dong Hy district, - CS = 11.100 m3/year (Owner: Quan Son Thai Nguyen Hy people’s Committee dated cooperative ) 23/5/2011 - Xuong Rong drainage ditch, - Mo Bach drainage ditch, Sand-gravel pits: Hoa Khe, - License No.1977/GP-UBND Nam Hoa and Van Han Hoa Khe, Nam Hoa and issued on 25/8/2010 - W = 315.883 m3 - Southnorth road & Huong streams Van Han streams, Dong 2025 - Decision No. 1213/QD-Dong Thuong bridge - CS = 24.000 m3/year (Owner: Thai Nguyen Black Hy district, Thai Nguyen Hy people’s Committee dated Metallurgical JSC) 22/06/2010 Sand-gravel pits: Lo Nam - License No.100/GP-UBND Tien hamlet, Van Kim hamlet, Trung Thanh commune, issued on 19/01/2012 - W = 1.392.000 m3 Cau Son hamlet Pho Yen district, Thai 2042 - Decision No. 8090/QD-Pho - CS = 48.000 m3/year (Owner: Truong Phat Nguyen Yen People’s Committee dated - Dan bridge, Construction Co., Ltd) 11/7/2011 - Le Huu Trac road - License No.101/GP-UBND - Huong Son kindergarten Dam hamlet sand-gravel pit Dac Son commune, Pho issued on 19/01/2012 - W = 624.771 m3 (Owner: Truong Phat Yen district, Thai Nguyen 2027 - Decision No. 8089/QD-Pho - CS = 48.000 m3/year Construction Co., Ltd.) city Yen People’s Committee dated 11/7/2011 Page | 44 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Gathering point Gathering point Construction material supplier for Gathering point của constructional ofconstructional material Gathering point of ofconstructional material the work item of Le Huu Trac material supplier in the beginning supplier located in the constructional material supplier supplier at the end of Le Huu road is 50m away from NH 3 of Le Huu Trac road is 50m away beginning of the Southnorth is 150m away from Dan bridge Trac road is 50m away from overpass from the road road – Huong Thuong bridge the road is 500m away from the road Construction material supplier Construction material supplier is Construction material supplier is is 2km away from Dong Bam around 500m away fromXuong Construction material supplier is around 500m away from Xuong road 2km, and 1km away from Rong drainage ditch 1km away from Mo Bach ditch Rong drainage ditch Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road Figure 2: Some constructional material suppliers in Thai Nguyen province With the abundant suppliers of construction materials, close transport distance, the supply of construction materials for work items is relatively easy. Page | 45 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 8: Transportation route of materials Distance No. Work items Material supplying places Transportation route (km) 1 Southnorth - Borrow pits: La Danh, Hoa Trung and Song Cau township NH 1B (7km) – Cach Mang Thanh Tam road (2km) – 11 road & Huong - Borrow pits: Theo Cay, Minh Lap and Hoa Thuong Alley (2km) – Subproject area Thuong bridge - Na Lay Rock quarry NH 1B (13km) – Bac Kan (0.5km) - Cach Mang 17 - Xom Moi Rock quarry Thanh Tam road (3.5km) – Subproject area - Lan Dam II Rock quarry - Sand-gravel pits: Hoa Khe, Nam Hoa and Van Han streams Provincial road 265 (13km) – Subproject area 13 - Other materials: Material suppliers near the subproject area < 2km 2 Huong Thuong - Borrow pits: La Danh, Hoa Trung and Song Cau township NH 1B (3km) – Subproject area 3 - Chua Hang - Borrow pits: Theo Cay, Minh Lap and Hoa Thuong road - Na Lay Rock quarry NH 1B (11km) – Subproject area 11 - Xom Moi Rock quarry - Lan Dam II Rock quarry - Sand-gravel pits: Linh Nham river, Khe Mo - Hoa Thuong NH 1B (6km) – Subproject area 6 - Linh Son - Other materials: Material suppliers near the subproject area < 2km 3 Dong Bam - Borrow pits: La Danh, Hoa Trung and Song Cau township NH 1B (4km) – Subproject area 4 road - Borrow pits: Theo Cay, Minh Lap and Hoa Thuong - Na Lay Rock quarry NH 1B (12.5km) – Subproject area 12.5 - Xom Moi Rock quarry - Lan Dam II Rock quarry - Sand-gravel pits: Linh Nham river, Khe Mo - Hoa Thuong NH 1B (7.5km) – Subproject area 7.5 - Linh Son - Other materials: Material suppliers near the subproject area < 2km Page | 46 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Distance No. Work items Material supplying places Transportation route (km) 4 Dan bridge - Borrow pits: La Danh, Hoa Trung and Song Cau township NH 1B (7km) – Cach Mang Thanh Tam road (2km) – 15.7 - Borrow pits: Theo Cay, Minh Lap and Hoa Thuong Bac Kan (1.2km) – Luong Ngoc Quyen ( 1.5km) - Quang Trung (4km) – Subproject area - Dau hamlet Rock quarry Inter-commune road (8km) – NH 3 (20km) – Quang 30 Trung road (2km) - Subproject area - Sand-gravel pits: Lo Nam Tien hamlet, Van Kim hamlet, Cach Mang Thanh Tam road (Song Cong town, 18 Cau Son hamlet 12.5km) – Thinh Duc (5.5km) - Subproject area - Dam hamlet sand-gravel pits - Other materials: Material suppliers near the subproject area < 2km 5 Le Huu Trac - Borrow pits: La Danh, Hoa Trung and Song Cau township NH 1B (7km) – Cach Mang Thanh Tam road (2km) – 16.2 road - Borrow pits: Theo Cay, Minh Lap and Hoa Thuong Bac Kan (1,2km) – Luong Ngoc Quyen ( 1,5km) - Quang Trung (3.5km) – Le Huu Trac (1km) - Subproject area Dau hamlet Rock quarry Inter-commune road (8km) – NH 3 (20km) – Quang 30.5 Trung road (1,5km) – Le Huu Trac (1km) - Subproject area - Sand-gravel pits: Lo Nam Tien hamlet, Van Kim hamlet, Road 30/4 (6km) – Road 3/2 (3km) – NH 3 (16km) - 25 Cau Son hamlet Subproject area - Dam hamlet sand-gravel pits - Other materials: Material suppliers near the subproject area Urban roads and alleys < 2km 6 Xuong Rong - Borrow pits: La Danh, Hoa Trung and Song Cau township NH 1B (7km) – Bac Kan (0.5km) - Cach Mang Thanh 11 drainage ditch - Borrow pits: Theo Cay, Minh Lap and Hoa Thuong Tam road (3.5km) - Na Lay Rock quarry NH 1B (11km) – Bac Kan (0.5km) - Cach Mang 15 - Xom Moi Rock quarry Thanh Tam road (3.5km) - Lan Dam II Rock quarry - Sand-gravel pits: Linh Nham river, Khe Mo - Hoa Thuong NH 1B (9km) – Bac Kan (0.5km) - Cach Mang Thanh 15 - Linh Son Tam road (3.5km) – Alley (2km) – Subproject area - Other materials: Material suppliers near the subproject area Urban roads and alleys < 2km Page | 47 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Distance No. Work items Material supplying places Transportation route (km) 7 Mo Bach - Borrow pits: La Danh, Hoa Trung and Song Cau township NH 1B (7km) – Bac Kan (1km) Duong Tu Minh 8.5 drainage ditch - Borrow pits: Theo Cay, Minh Lap and Hoa Thuong (0.5km) – Subproject area - Dau hamlet Rock quarry Intercommune road (8km) – NH 3 (15km) - Subproject 23 area - Sand-gravel pits: Linh Nham river, Khe Mo - Hoa NH 1B (9km) – Bac Kan (1km) Duong Tu Minh 10.5 Thuong - Linh Son - (0.5km) – Subproject area - Other materials: Material suppliers near the subproject area Urban roads and alleys < 2km 8 Huong Son - Borrow pits: La Danh, Hoa Trung and Song Cau township NH 1B (7km) – Bac Kan (0.5km) - Cach Mang Thanh 16.3 kindergarten - Borrow pits: Theo Cay, Minh Lap and Hoa Thuong Tam road (3.5km) – Trinh Ba (1km) – Luu Nhan Tru (300m) – Huong Son (500m) – subproject area - Na Lay Rock quarry NH 1B (11km) – Bac Kan (0.5km) - Cach Mang 20.3 - Xom Moi Rock quarry Thanh Tam road (7km) m- Trinh Ba (1km) – Luu - Lan Dam II Rock quarry Nhan Tru (300m) – Huong Son (500m) – subproject area Sand-gravel pits in Lo Nam Tien, Van Kim and Cau Son – Road 30/4 (6km) – road 3/2 (5.5km) – Huong street 14.2 hamlets (0.7km) – Luu Nhan Tru (2km) - Subproject area - Sand-gravel pit in Dam hamlet - Other materials: Material suppliers near the subproject area < 2km 9 Phan Dinh - Borrow pits: La Danh, Hoa Trung and Song Cau township NH1B (7km) – Bac Can (0.5km) – Hoang Van Thu 9 Phung - Borrow pits: Theo Cay, Minh Lap and Hoa Thuong (1.2km) – subproject area kindergarten - Na Lay Rock quarry NH1B (11km) – Bac Can (0.5km) – Hoang Van Thu 13 - Xom Moi Rock quarry (1.2km) – subproject area - Lan Dam II Rock quarry - Sand-gravel pits: Linh Nham river, Khe Mo - Hoa Thuong NH1B (9km) – Bac Can (0.5km) – Hoang Van Thu 11 - Linh Son (1.2km) – subproject area - Other materials: Material suppliers near the subproject area < 2km Page | 48 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Page | 49 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Figure 3: Map of some quarries supplying constructional materials for DCIDP – Thai Nguyen city Subproject Page | 50 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 1.6.3. Disposal site Construction waste from work items will be transport to two disposal sites which have been licensed by Thai Nguyen City People’s Committee: - (i) Da Mai disposal Site is located in Tan Cuong Commune, 15km away from Thai Nguyen city center with an area of 25ha, with an estimated reserve of 1,000,000m3 from the beginning of 2017. - (ii) The second disposal site is located in group 1, Tich Luong ward, Thai Nguyen city, 5km away the center. The area of disposal site is 10ha, the permitted volume is 40,000 m3. Residential are rice fields is around the disposal site. The nearest residential area is about 100m away, the nearest rice field about 80m away from the disposal site and separated by concrete road (width of 6m.) Therefore, the capacity of to disposal sites fully meets volume of waste materials and solid waste from the work items. Details of the transportation routes from the construction site to Da Mai disposal site and Tich Luong ward disposal site are shown in Table 9. Table 9: Transportation route to Da Mai disposal site and Tich Luong disposal site No. Distance Work items Transportation route (km) 1 Southnorth road & Huong Thuong Inter-commune road – Tich Luong ward disposal site 2-5 bridge 2 Huong Thuong - Inter-commune road – Tich Luong ward disposal site 2-5 Chua Hang road 3 Dong Bam Inter-commune road – Tich Luong ward disposal site 5–7 residential area road 4 Quang Trung – provincial road DT267 – Da Mai Dan bridge 8.5 disposal site 5 Quang Trung – provincial road DT267 – Da Mai disposal Le Huu Trac road 10 site 6 Xuong Rong Xuan Hoa – Tuc Duyen road – inter-commune road – 3-5 drainage ditch Tich Luong ward disposal site 7 Mo Bach stream Quang Trung – provincial road DT267 – Da Mai 11 drainage ditch disposal site 8 Huong Son road - Luu Nhan Chu – NH 37 – Gang Thep Huong Son road – road 3/2 – NH 3 - Quang Trung – provincial road 20 kindergarten 267 – Da Mai disposal site 9 Phan Dinh Phung Hoang Van Thu - Quang Trung – provincial road267 – 12 kindergarten Da Mai disposal site Page | 51 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Figure 4: Map of location and distance from Thai Nguyen city center to Da Mai disposal site and Tich Luong ward disposal site 1.6.4. Labor force demand Demand for construction workers for each item is about 30-70 people. In order to reduce expenses, create jobs for local laborers and minimize environmental and social impacts caused by gathering of workers, local laborers will be given priority (it is expected that local workers account for 60-70% of the workers), of which: (i) The working age of the workers is mainly from 18-35 years; (ii) about 5% of the working age workers is from 35-50 years old (those are highly skilled workers or managers). At each construction site, about 25% of the workers are women, 75% are male. Table 10: Tentative quantity of labor force at construction site No. Work item Workers (people) 1 Southnorth road & Huong Thuong bridge 60 2 Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road 70 3 Dong Bam residential area road 40 4 Dan bridge 30 5 Le Huu Trac road 60 6 Huong Son kindergarten 40 7 Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten 50 8 Xuong Rong drainage ditch 30 9 Mo Bach stream drainage ditch 30 Due to the limited number of workers at each construction site, the supply source of labor force in the locality is high, so the subproject can easily recruit local workers for the construction activities of the subproject. Page | 52 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 1.7. Subproject implementation schedule The tentative implementation schedule of Thai Nguyen city Subproject is shown in the table below: Table 11: Summary of proposed subproject implementation schedule Time No. Item Begin Finish A Subproject preparation stage June 2017 June 2018 Preparation of prefeasibility study (Investment Policy - June 2017 August 2017 Proposal) - Preparation of feasibility study and component reports August 2017 Nov 2017 Approval of subproject instrument and loan agreement - Nov 2017 March 2018 negotiation - Detailed design of items 02/2018 June 2018 B Subproject implementation stage July 2018 Dec 2022 Site clearance (According to the construction progress of - July 2018 June 2020 each work item) Completion of procedures and dossiers for construction - July 2018 June 2020 commence of works - Invitation for Construction Bids August 2019 Jan 2020 - Construction commence Jan 2020 Dec 2022 C Subproject completion stage Jan 2023 Dec 2023 Completion of subproject final settlement and procedures - Jan 2023 Dec 2023 for closing subproject as stipulated (Basic design statement of the subproject, October 2017) Page | 53 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 1.8. Investment capital Total investment of DCIDP - Thai Nguyen City Subproject is shown in the table below: Table 12: Total investment of the subproject After-tax construction Allocation of implementation Allocation of implementation cost costs (million VND) costs (USD) No. Items Million Counterpart Counterpart USD IBRD loan IBRD loan VND fund fund COMPENSATION, ASSISTANCE AND 1 349,565 15,536,232 349,565 - 15,536,232 - RESETLEMENT COST 2 DIRECT COSTS 1,510,592 67,137,426 43,851 1,466,741 1,948,930 65,188,495 Component 1: Structural component – 2a. Rehabilitation and construction of urban 1,369,565 60,869,565 - 1,369,565 - 60,869,565 technical infrastructure Southnorth Road & Huong Thuong Bridge 552,174 24,541,063 - 552,174 - 24,541,063 Construction Huong Thuong - Chua Hang Road 373,913 16,618,357 - 373,913 - 16,618,357 Construction Dong Bam Residential Area Road 117,391 5,217,391 - 117,391 - 5,217,391 Dan Bridge Upgrading 56,522 2,512,077 - 56,522 - 2,512,077 Le Huu Trac Road Upgrading 69,565 3,091,787 - 69,565 - 3,091,787 Xuong Rong Drainage Ditch Rehabilitation 34,783 1,545,894 - 34,783 - 1,545,894 Mo Bach Stream Drainage Ditch Rehabilitation 104,348 4,637,681 - 104,348 - 4,637,681 Huong Son Kindergarten Construction 34,783 1,545,894 - 34,783 - 1,545,894 Phan Dinh Phung Kindergarten Upgrading 26,087 1,159,420 - 26,087 - 1,159,420 Component 2: Non-structural 2b 141,027 6,267,861 43,851 97,176 1,948,930 4,318,930 component Subproject preparation consultancy cost 24,286 1,079,365 24,286 1,079,365 - Subproject implementation consultancy cost 97,176 4,318,930 97,176 - 4,318,930 (phase 2) Page | 54 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject After-tax construction Allocation of implementation Allocation of implementation cost costs (million VND) costs (USD) No. Items Million Counterpart Counterpart USD IBRD loan IBRD loan VND fund fund Integrated urban development planning 13,043 579,710 13,043 - 579,710 - strategy Public transport system development strategy 2,174 96,618 2,174 - 96,618 - Drainage system management and wastewater 4,348 193,237 4,348 - 193,237 - quality monitoring 3 CONTINGENCY 276,595 12,293,112 56,584 220,011 2,514,838 9,774,647 SUBPROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 113,329 5,036,857 - 113,329 - 5,036,857 4 FINANCIAL COST (CAPITALIZATION) Front-end fee 3,150 140,000 - 3,150 - 140,000 Commitment fee 10,744 477,500 - 10,744 - 477,500 Interest rate of IBRD loan by locality 99,436 4,419,357 - 99,436 - 4,419,357 GRAND TOTAL (1+ 2 + 3 + 4): 2,250,082 100,003,627 450,000 1,800,082 20,000,000 80,000,000 ➢ Capital sources and proposed capital structure Total investment for implementing the Subproject is US$ 100,000,000, of which: - IBRD loan from WB: US$ 80,000,000; - Counterpart fund: US$ 20,000,000 Page | 55 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 1.9. Subproject Management and Implementation ➢ Subproject Steering Committee and Task Force On April 20, 2017, Thai Nguyen Provincial People’s Committee issued Decision No.936/QD- UBND on the establishment of Subproject Steering Committee and the task force to assist the Steering Committee of the Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project - Thai Nguyen City Subproject. Accordingly: - The Steering Committee consists of the head who is leader of Thai Nguyen PPC, deputies who are leaders of Thai Nguyen City PC and the Department of Planning and Investment of the province, and members as leaders of the Department of Finance, Department of Construction, Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Department of Transport and representatives of leaders of Thai Nguyen city. - Subproject Steering Committee has following tasks:  Direct Thai Nguyen city People’s Committee, the Departments and relevant units in completing the subproject investment preparatory activities, subproject management and implementation in accordance with Vietnam laws and WB’s regulations;  Complete the Subproject to submit for the PPC’s consideration and reporting the Standing Committee of the provincial Party Committee for making policy in accordance with the procedures to ensure the Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject to be implemented with the committed progress, guaranteed quality and investment efficiency. Along with the establishment of the Subproject Steering Committee, a task force is established to assist the Steering Committee. The task force consists of representatives of leaders of Thai Nguyen city, Department of Planning and Investment, Department of Finance and leaders of specialized departments of other departments. ➢ Organizational Structure of the Subproject Executive Agency: Thai Nguyen PPC Subproject Implementing Agency/Client: Thai Nguyen City People’s Committee is assigned to act as the Client, taking responsibility for implementing the subproject and on behalf of Thai Nguyen PPC for undertaking assigned tasks under its authority. Subproject Management Unit: To assist the subproject owner to prepare a master plan and annual detailed plan for subproject implementation; Assist the subproject owner in conducting procurement and contract management activities; Assist the subproject owner in the disbursement, financial and property management of the subproject. Operation and maintenance of subproject equipment; Technical supervision and management of contractors under direct control in the course of subproject implementation; Prepare for the subproject owner to make acceptance and hand over the outputs of the subproject after completion, completion of the audit and handover of assets of the subproject; Make a subproject progress report as required by the Government of Vietnam and at the request of the Donor and the Subproject Owner; Maintain subproject records, provide information to designated auditors. Prepare the Subproject Completion Report and Final Settlement Report. The PMU staff consists of 15 people who have experience in implementing similar subprojects. Professional qualifications and training of PMU members are in the fields of construction, transportation, economics, architecture, environment and accounting. - Master: 4 people - Bachelor / engineer: 11 people Page | 56 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject It is responsibility of 01 Master of Environment and other technical support staff for environmental management of the subproject. The environmental staff of the PMU has at least 10 years of experience. He will be responsible for: i) monitoring of the incorporation of environmental solutions and associated mitigation measures into the bidding documents and subproject contracts, including construction and CSC contracts; iii) cooperate with CSC to monitor the contractor's compliance with the environment and take appropriate actions when problem arises. Government of World Bank Vietnam Ministry of Planning and Investment - MPI Thai Nguyen PPC - MOF (Executive Agency) - State Bank of Vietnam - Ministry of Foreign Affairs Relevant departments - Ministry of Justice Project Steering - DPI - MONRE Committee - DOF - DOC - DOT Support team Thai Nguyen City - DONRE People’s Committee - State Treasury. (Client) - City Compensation and PMU Resettlement Committee -PMU of other projects. -Ward/commune People’s Committees Consultants and - Mass organizations Contractors Direct relationship Indirect relationship Figure 5: Subproject Organizations and Management Structure Page | 57 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject CHAPTER 2. NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 2.1. Natural conditions 2.1.1. Geographic location, topography and geology a) Geographic location Thai Nguyen city is located in the center of Thai Nguyen province, with geographical coordinates from 210 to 22027' North latitude and from 105025' to 106014' East longitude, about 80km away from Hanoi capital to the North and 50km away from Noi Bai International Airport. The DCIDP is implemented in 14/32 wards/communes of Thai Nguyen city. Total natural area of Thai Nguyen city up to 2016 was 22,313.6 ha and administrative boundaries as follows: - The North: Borders on Co Lung commune, Vo Tranh commune (Phu Luong district), Hoa Thuong and Khe Mo communes (Dong Hy district); - The South: Borders on Song Cong city; - The East: Borders on Ban Dat commune (Phu Binh district); - The West: Borders on Dai Tu district and Pho Yen town. Figure 6: Map of administrative boundaries of Thai Nguyen city according to the approved planning 2016 b) Geological features Thai Nguyen City is located on the hills and mountains, thus it is suitable for investment in the construction of high-rise buildings, industrial works, bridges and culverts, etc. In September, 2017 Yen Ma Survey Design and Construction Joint Stock Company prepared the geological survey report regarding geological conditions in some subproject areas as follows: Page | 58 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 1. Huong Thuong bridge - Layer 1: Mud at river bed is dark grey, from fluid plastic to soft plastic condition; depth of bottom layer is 1.8m. - Layer 2: Yellowish brown clay, semi-rigid, depth of bottom layer is 6.8m. - Layer 3: Yellowish brown gravel, solid, depth of bottom layer is 10.5m. - Layer 4: Limestone degenerates into blue grey, white gray with strongly-broken weathered RQD = 0-21%, depth of bottom layer is 16.5m. - Layer 5: Limestone degenerates into blue grey, white gray with medium-broken weathered RQD = 27-55%, depth of bottom layer is 24.6m. 2. Dan bridge - Surface layer: Mantle consists of brown grey clay mixed with trees roots; depth of bottom layer is 1.6m. - Layer 2: Yellowish grey clay, rigid plastic yellow, depth of bottom layer is 5.4m. - Layer 3: Yellowish grey clay, semi-rigid brown grey, (the product of strongly- weathered process comes from stone), depth of bottom layer is 9.2m. - Layer 4: Clay stone is strongly-weathered has block structure, fine-grained, drill core is taken under macadam, clot, depth of bottom layer is 20.7m. - Layer 5: Sand stone is weathered from strong level to medium level, block structure, fine-grained, drill core is taken under macadam, clot, bar with TCR=63%, RQD=23%, depth of bottom layer is 27.2m. - Layer 6: Limestone is blue grey, light grey, weathered from strong level to medium level, block structure, fine-grained, drill core is taken under bar with TCR=56%, RQD=35%, depth of bottom layer is 33.3m. - Layer 7: Limestone is blue grey, light grey, weathered from strong level to medium level, block structure, fine-grained, drill core is taken under bar with TCR=84%, RQD=71%, depth of bottom layer is 40.0m. 3. Mo Bach stream - Layer 1: Clay mixed with rubble, heterogeneous condition; depth of bottom layer is 1.0m. - Layer 2: Clay mixed with brown grey, black grey, soft plastic condition; depth of bottom layer is 4.7m. - Layer 3: Clay mixed with yellowish brown, rigid plastic; depth of bottom layer is 9.0m. 4. Xuong Rong ditch - Layer 1: Clay mixed with sand, organic, heterogeneous condition; depth of bottom layer is 1.1m. - Layer 2: Clay mixed with brown grey, black grey, from fluid plastic to soft plastic condition; depth of bottom layer is 4.9m. - Layer 3: Clay mixed with yellowish brown, rigid plastic; depth of bottom layer is 9.0m. 5. Le Huu Trac road - Layer 1: Backfilled soil, components are clay loam, brick; gravel mixed with grit, laterite, and depth of bottom layer is 0.8m. - Layer 2: Clay sand is yellow grey, white grey, plastic, depth of bottom layer is 3.6m. - Layer 3: Sand is red brown, brown violet, white spots mixed with grit, rigid; depth of Page | 59 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject bottom layer is 10.0m. 6. Huong Son Kindergarten - Layer 1: Mantle consists of brown grey clay mixed with trees roots; depth of bottom layer is 0.5m. - Layer 2: Yellowish grey sand clay, white grey, rigid plastic, depth of bottom layer is 4.9m. - Layer 3: Clay loam is yellowish grey, white grey, semi-rigid (the product of strongly- weathered process comes from granite stone; depth of bottom layer is 10.1m. 7. Phan Dinh Phung Kindergarten - Layer 1: Mantle consists of brown grey clay mixed with trees roots; depth of bottom layer is 0.3 m. - Layer 2: Clay loam is yellowish grey, white grey, rigid plastic (origin of eluvi), depth of bottom layer is 4.5m. - Layer 3: Clay loam is yellowish grey, white grey, semi-rigid (the product of strongly- weathered process comes from granite stone, depth of bottom layer is 12.5m. - Layer 4: Shale is strongly-weathered, block structure, fine-grained, drill core is taken under macadam, clot, depth of bottom layer is 15.0 m. It can be concluded that engineering geological properties of the subproject area are relatively good and suitable for construction of high buildings, industrial zones, bridges and roads. c) Topographical features Thai Nguyen city is located in a midland and plain region. The city’s terrain is relatively plain. Laying between the gentle slope upside-down-bowl hills are low land plains. - Average elevation ranges from 26m to 27m. - The lowest elevation varies from 20m to 21m. - Elevation of hilly areas is from 50m to 60m. The city slopes toward the Northwest-Southeast, with a gradient of 4%. Because of the upside down bowl terrain, the drainage relies much on the flumes, natural streams and creeks. Construction works are within Thai Nguyen city and belong to this type of terrain. 2.1.2. Climate Meteorological Condition Thai Nguyen city is characterized by tropical monsoon climate, which is divided into four distinct seasons: Spring - Summer - Autumn - Winter (with generic climate features of the Northern climate) including climate is dry and cold in the winter, otherwise it is hot, wet and rainy in the summer. Due to the influence of topography, Thai Nguyen has two climate zones with various features: the Northern area has long winters, low temperature, more rain in the summer; the Southern climate is more diverse with shorter winters, hotter summers and appearance of thunderstorms. Heavy thunderstorms often cause long-lasting floods, sometimes even flash floods, which cause a lot of damage to local people. There is rare appearance of special climatic phenomena, however, their impacts also have considerable impacts on production and life of the people in the province. a) Temperature The average temperature in the subproject area is about 23.2oC, the highest monthly average temperature is 28oC (July) and the lowest is 16.oC (January). The temperature range Page | 60 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject between the hottest and coldest months is 12oC. Characteristics of monthly and yearly average temperatures are presented in Table 13. Table 13: Monthly and yearly average temperatures Unit: 0C Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Year Station Thai 14.5 16.2 20 24.1 27.9 28.4 28.5 28.1 27.7 23.8 21 16.2 23 Nguyen Source: Thai Nguyen Meteorological Station (2010÷2016) Remark: Generally the temperatures in the subproject areas are quite cool, good for the health of workers in case of outdoor construction. Thanks to cool temperature, incidents affecting the health of workers including heat stroke, headache and dehydration occur less frequently. b) Rainfall Total annual average rainfall in Thai Nguyen province is quite high, about 2026mm/year. Rainy season usually starts from May to late September, accounting for 75 ÷ 80% of total annual rainfall. From June to August, in case the Southwest monsoon prevails, the rainfall reaches about 880mm, representing over 50% of total annual rainfall. Rainy less season (November ÷ April in the next year): Precipitation accounts for about 25- 20% of total annual rainfall. The month has the lowest average rainfall including December, January and February and the monthly average rainfall is usually less than 7.6 mm. Table 14: Monthly average rainfall Unit: mm Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Station Thai Nguyen 25 35 62 121 232 338 410 347 237 146 49 24 Source: Thai Nguyen Meteorological Station (2010÷2016) Remarks: Due to the large average amount of rainfall in the subproject areas, the construction of embankments, foundations, ceilings, bridge piers, dredging in the rainy season is not carried out. Heavy rain also leads to washing away of the material to canals and ditches, thus there should take measures to cover the works and building materials in the rainy season. c) Moisture, sunshine Along the subproject area, the annual average humidity is about 81.9%. The wettest period in the months at the end of winter (March) with the monthly average humidity of 85.1 ÷ 85.8%; and in August, average humidity reaches 85.1%. The driest season belongs to the first months of winter (June, July) and early summer (May, June). During the year, the minimum falls in December with the average humidity of 76.9%. The monthly average humidity is presented in Table . Page | 61 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 15: The monthly, yearly average relatively humidity Unit: % Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Year Station Thai 79.7 81.3 85.1 85.8 82 82.8 83.6 85.1 82.5 80.1 77.9 76.9 81.9 Nguyen Source: Thai Nguyen Meteorological Station (2010÷2016) Remark: Moisture is quite high and environment is humid, which can easily lead to the spread of infectious diseases including influenza, viral fever, dengue fever. Hence, clearance of bushes is extremely necessary. d) Wind The yearly average wind speed is 1.3m/s (Table ). In winter, the prevailing wind direction is North Eastern and Northern wind; wind speed is 1.2 ÷ 1.6 m/s. Meanwhile, in the summer the prevailing winds are South-Eastern and south wind is 1.2 ÷ 1.4m/s. Table 16: Monthly, yearly average wind speed Unit: m/s Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Year Province Thai 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 Nguyen Source: Thai Nguyen Meteorological Station (2010÷2016) Remarks: Wind is the main reason causing dust and gas emission in the construction site. Therefore, construction materials should be collected at the end of the wind direction: (i) North Eastern and Northern in winter; and (ii) South Eastern and South in summer. e) Atmosphere sustainability Atmosphere sustainability of the subproject area is classified as category B (medium unsustainable), defined according to the average wind speed of the subproject area of 1.3 m/s, along with daytime solar radiation and cloud cover at night according to the Pasquill classification (Table ). Table 17: Classification of atmospheric stability Wind speed Day by sunshine Night by clouds at altitude of Strong Medium Light Cloudy, Less cloudy, 10m (m/s) (ho> 60o) (ho= 35o60o) (ho= 15o35o) cloud> 4/8 cloud <4/8 <2 A A-B B-C - - 2 A-B B C E F 3-4 B B-C C D E 5-6 C C-D D D D >6 C D D D D Source: Pasquill, 1961 Note: A: extremely unsustainable. D: Neutral. ho: High angle from the sun. B: medium unsustainable. E: medium sustainable. C: poor unsustainable F: sustainable. Page | 62 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 2.1.3. Hydrological conditions Thai Nguyen city is influenced by the hydrographic regime of Cau river –the main drainage axis of Thai Nguyen city and Thai Nguyen province. 1. Cau river Cau river, the section passing through Thai Nguyen city is about 22km long, flows toward the North-South direction. Average water flow in the dry season was about 135 m3/s, even up to 4300 m3/s in the flood season (1959). Average water level is about 1.5-2m in the dry season, and from 6 to 8m in the flood season. Cau river at the construction location of Huong Thuong bridge also have upper features. At the bridge construction location, the width of the river is about 100m, the height from the water to the bridge toe is about 10m (at the time of survey in August 2017). 2. Xuong Rong ditch Located in Gia Rang ward and Tuc Duyen ward. Xuong Rong ditch connects to Xuong Rong Lake and Gia Sang lake, the end of the ditch connects to Bong Toi ditch. Water flows smoothly, v = 0.2-0.4m3/s. Average water level of 0.5m; The deepest water level is only up to 1m, or up to 1.5m in the rainy season. The last discharge point of Xuong Rong ditch is Cau river. 3. Mo Bach ditch Mo Bach stream spreads across four wards of Quang Trung, Tan Thinh, Quang Vinh and Hoang Van Thu. The first section of the route to the main stream of Mo Bach stream flows smoothly, v = 0.2-0.5m3/s, the water level is 0.5-1.3m (can be up to 2.4m in the rainy season). The section from the intersection with the main stream of Mo Bach stream to Mo Bach bridge flows more tightly, v = 0.7-1.2m3/s, the water level is 1-1.5 m (can be up to 3 m in the rainy season). The river section nearby Cau river has open river bed B = 4-7m, causing the water level to decrease to 0.8-1.3m, v = 0.5-0.9m3/s. Page | 63 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 4. Ho Nui Coc diversion canal Nui Coc lake is 16 km away from Thai Nguyen city center to the West. The largest capacity of the lake is 175.5 million cubic meters. The lake has diversion canal system for irrigation in length of 74km long and width of 10m. At the construction location Dan bridge, water flows smoothly, the height from the water surface to the bridge toe is about 3m. 5. Mo Linh stream Linh Son commune and Dong Bam ward are separated by Mo Linh stream. Mo Linh stream flows into Cau river at the location near Ben Oanh. At the construction site of Mo Linh 1 and Mo Linh 2 bridges, water flows smoothly at speed of v = 0.3-0.6m3/s, water level from 0.5- 1.7m (water level may reach 3m in flood season). The average water level of less than 1.7 m in dry season is favorable for construction of bridges. However, during the flood season, measures must be taken to prevent the risk of falling into water. 6. Other rivers and streams In addition to 5 main rivers and streams in Thai Nguyen city, there are some ponds, lakes and small canals for drainage and flooding prevention for the city. 2.1.4. Status of flooding in Thai Nguyen city In recent years, due to the unequal development between economic development and infrastructure, many streets in Thai Nguyen city have been flooded in the rainy season. Statistics of the average flooded area from 2005 to 2015 are as follows: Table 18: Statistics of average flooded area in flood season of Thai Nguyen city Flooded area (ha) Flooded area (ha) Wards/ Wards/ No. Residential Cultivation No. Residential Cultivation communes communes land land land land 1. Quang Vinh ward 80 20 8. Cam Gia ward 45 45 2. Tuc Duyen ward 25 16 9. Dong Bam ward 6 0 Huong Thuong 3. Gia Sang ward 150 50 10. 176 65 commune Phan Dinh Phung 4. 48 10 11. Linh Son commune 120 0 ward Hoang Van Thu 5. 0 0 12. Chua Hang ward 24 15 ward Dong Lien 6. Thinh Dan ward 0 25 13. 40 4 commune 7. Huong Son ward 0 5 14. Tan Thinh ward 40 3 (Basic design statement of the subproject, October 2017) Page | 64 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject (a) Hoang Van Thu road (b) Luong Ngoc Quyen road (c) Minh Cau road (d) Huong Son road Figure 7: Some pictures of flooding in roads of constructional material transportation in the rain on June 23, 2017 Source: baomoi.com 2.1.5. Natural disasters and environmental incidents Areas of potential landslides, seismic activity mainly concentrated in the southwest associated with Tam Dao range, and the Northwest associated with the mountain ranges of Phu Ngu arch and the northern mountainous area Thai Nguyen city. The earth cracking occurred in the area of Thai Nguyen city is not much, however, with quite large scope, causing considerable impacts on the natural environment and socio-economic conditions. According to the Journal of Science and Technology 2013, cracks and landslides in Yen Ngua hill in Mo Bach ward of Thai Nguyen city occurred in September 1992. Accordingly, a huge triangular block of rock with edges’s dimension of 30 x 22 x 20m slipped from Yen Ngua hill and crushed a street with permanent houses from 1-3 floors (total 16 households). This was a serious cracking and landslide. The province spent hundreds of millions of dong overcoming the consequences. The study shows that the phenomenon of cracking and landslides occurs mainly due to geological conditions and impacts of human beings. In June 1995, a case of landslide in the southeast of Hong mountain in Dai Tu district occurred in a place of large slope, creating a huge sliding block with width from 3 to 400m and slipping length of 1500m. On April 15, 2012, a large volume of soil and rock from the disposal site No. 3, Phan Me coal mine landslide to the area of Khuon 1 hamlet, Phuc Linh commune, Dai Tu district, as a result, it buried 10 houses, killed 6 persons and injured one person. At the same time, it is estimated that 40 households have to be relocated to other place. Estimated damage is about VND 15 billion. Page | 65 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 1. On August 31, 2017, on the route of Thai Nguyen- Cho Moi, the section passing through the area of Tong Co hamlet, Yen Dinh commune (Cho Moi), a landslide of slope occurred, resulting in 350m3 of rock and soil falling down, making traffic completely blocked. 2.1.6. Climate change in Thai Nguyen In Thai Nguyen in recent years, there have been more and more clear signs of climate change impacts in many fields, but have not been fully studied and evaluated in a systematic manner. Climate change has caused land degradation, droughts, and loss of agricultural production across the province. It has affected one third of the land area, threatened food security, caused hunger and poverty for more than one million people in Thai Nguyen, especially poor communes in mountainous areas. Some impacts of climate change in Thai Nguyen are as follows: - Climate change caused impacts on the socio-economic development plan of Thai Nguyen province. The fact is that economic growth has been high but not sustainable. The implementation of socio-economic development plan and planning has not been fully integrated effectively with environmental protection, limiting greenhouse gas emissions, climate change resilience. - Climate change caused impacts on natural resources and environment: Thai Nguyen is considered as a region with rich and diverse mineral resources. In mountainous and midland areas, heavy rains with high intensity caused flash floods, sludge/rock floods, and slides, etc., which made it more difficult to conduct surveys, observation and exploitation of minerals, simultaneously increase the emission of toxic metals in mine waste, polluting the environment. - Climate change for water resources: The main impacts of climate change are changes in temperature, evaporation and rainfall, leading to changes in flow during the year, flow in the flood and dry season as well. In addition, extreme weather events (flash floods, floods and frosts, etc.) occur more frequently and are more difficult to predict. 2.1.7. Current status of environmental quality Observation and measurement of environmental parameters of air, water, soil and sediment has been conducted by the monitoring center resources and environment in Thai Nguyen province in September 2017 and October 2017. ➢ Selection of measuring and sampling locations and parameters In order to ensure proper and adequate assessment of the status of environmental components, the selection of environmental monitoring and sampling locations is based on the following key features: (i) The selected point represents the current status of regional environment; (ii) characteristics of emission sources; (iii) Sensitive characteristics of the receiving objects. Compilation of the quantity and parameters of air, water, soil and sediment samples shall be conducted as follows (the monitoring location is shown in Figure 9 and the attached annex): Page | 66 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 19: Location of the environmental monitoring of the Thai Nguyen sub-project Sample Quantity Monitoring indicators Comparison standards Temperature, humidity, wind QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, 1 Air 23 speed, total suspended dust, NO2, hour SO2, CO, noise level QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT pH, temperature, SS, DO, BOD5, Surface 14 COD, NH4+, NO2-, NO3-, PO43-, QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT water grease, Coliform pH, SS, Hardness (CaCO3), DO, Ground 09 NH4+, NO3-, SO4 2+-, Asen (As), QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT water Mn, Fe, Chloride, Coliform pH, SS, TDS, COD, BOD5, NO2-, NO3-, Cu, Pb, Fe, Cacdimi (Cd), Wastewater 06 Mangan (Mn), Sulphate SO4 2+, Cr, QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT Asen (As), mercury (Hg), Fluoride, Coliform Cd, As, Zn, Hg, Cr, Fe, Pb, Cu, Soil 15 QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT Chlorine pesticides pH, Cd, As, Zn, Hg, Cr, Fe, Pb, Sediment 07 QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT Cu, Chlorine pesticides. ➢ Measurement and analytic results of environmental status 1. Ambient air quality Table 20: Analytic results of ambient air quality of the subproject area Measurement and analysis indicators No Symb Works Noise (*) Dust (*) NO2 SO2 CO . ol dBA µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 1 K15 77 0.13 <0.08 <0.026 <5 Southnorth road & Huong 2 K16 68.1 <0.1 <0.08 <0.026 <5 Thuong bridge 3 K17 62.9 <0.1 <0.08 <0.026 <5 4 K1 59.9 <0.1 <0.08 <0.026 <5 5 K2 58.3 <0.1 <0.08 <0.026 <5 Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road 6 K3 60.5 <0.1 <0.08 <0.026 <5 7 K4 64.1 <0.1 <0.08 <0.026 <5 8 K12 50.9 0.16 <0.08 <0.026 <5 9 Dong Bam road K13 58.1 <0.1 <0.08 <0.026 <5 10 K14 59.9 <0.1 <0.08 <0.026 <5 11 Dan bridge K9 62.7 0.22 <0.08 <0.026 <5 12 K10 61 <0.1 <0.08 <0.026 <5 Le Huu Trac road 13 K11 70.3 <0.1 <0.08 <0.026 <5 14 K7 60.2 0.12 <0.08 <0.026 <5 Huong Son kindergarten 15 K8 59.9 <0.1 <0.08 <0.026 <5 16 K5 60.9 0.12 <0.08 <0.026 <5 Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten 17 K6 61.6 0.17 <0.08 <0.026 <5 Page | 67 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Measurement and analysis indicators No Symb Works Noise (*) Dust (*) NO2 SO2 CO . ol dBA µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 18 K18 72.2 <0.1 <0.08 <0.026 <5 19 Xuong Rong drainage ditch K19 53.4 <0.1 <0.08 <0.026 <5 20 K20 51.2 <0.1 <0.08 <0.026 <5 21 K21 73 <0.1 <0.08 <0.026 <5 22 Mo Bach stream drainage ditch K22 63.6 <0.1 <0.08 <0.026 <5 23 K23 73.4 0.13 <0.08 <0.026 <5 QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, within 1 hour 0.3 0.2 0.35 30 QCVN 26:2010/BNTNMT 70 ❖ Remarks: - The measurement results show that except for the noise levels at 05 locations, the analytical indicators are within the permitted limit of QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, within 1 hour due to the fact that there are no production activities near the subproject area but daily living activities of people. - For 05 locations with noise level higher than standards. The reason is that these are the main intersections of the city and there are many vehicle travelling at time of measurement. - The current status of air in the subproject areas has not shown signs of pollution, which is convenient for the construction. Page | 68 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 2. Surface water Table 21: Analytic results of surface water quality of the subproject area Measurement and analysis indicators Symbol Grea No. Works DO o BOD5 COD TSS NO3- NO2- NH4+ PO43- Coliform pH C se mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN/100ml mg/l 1 Southnorth road & Huong NM8 7.3 2.7 26.9 - 23.81 25.46 1.23 <0.03 <0.05 <0.1 <0.3 4500 2 Thuong bridge NM9 6.8 5.7 27 - 25.98 14.03 2.69 <0.03 0.128 <0.1 <0.3 1800 3 Huong Thuong - Chua Hang NM1 7 5.7 28.8 4.01 8.73 16.9 1.42 0.04 0.11 <0.1 <0.3 1200 4 road NM2 7 5.6 28.9 5.2 8.8 25.7 1.43 0.06 0.21 <0.1 <0.3 2300 5 Dong Bam road NM7 7.3 5.9 28 - 14.96 10.84 1.62 <0.03 0.17 <0.1 <0.3 3800 6 Dan bridge NM5 6.8 5.3 28 7.92 15.07 9.5 0.95 <0.03 0.09 <0.1 <0.3 1500 7 Le Huu Trac road NM6 7.3 5.1 29.7 - 23.18 12.54 2.35 <0.03 0.09 <0.1 <0.3 2200 8 Huong Son kindergarten NM4 7.1 5.3 29.9 16.32 38.09 11.4 <0.3 <0.03 0.137 <0.1 <3 2800 9 Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten NM3 7.2 4.4 29.2 21.88 46.36 34.1 0.45 <0.03 0.72 <0.1 0.5 3500 10 NM10 6.8 2.1 29.7 - 35.62 32.15 0.92 <0.03 0.229 <0.1 <0.3 7100 Xuong Rong drainage ditch 11 NM11 7 2.9 27.1 - 28.09 21.35 1.07 <0.03 0.49 <0.1 <0.3 4900 12 NM12 6.9 4.6 27 - 18.01 15.40 1.03 <0.03 0.09 <0.1 <0.3 1900 13 Mo Bach stream drainage ditch NM13 6.6 2.3 28 - 28.64 23.97 1.89 <0.03 0.28 <0.1 <0.3 4000 14 NM14 7.2 5.2 28.8 - 22.30 21.07 3.21 <0.03 0.22 <0.1 <0.3 2400 B1 5,5-9,0 >=4 - 15 30 50 10 0.05 0.9 0.3 1 7500 QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT B2 5,5-9,0 >=2 - 25 50 100 15 0.05 0.9 0.5 1 10000 ❖ Remarks: The analytic results show that analysis indicators of all samples are within permitted limits according to Standard QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT, Column B1. Therefore, surface water of the subproject area has no sign of pollution. Page | 69 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 3. Underground water Table 22: Analytic results of groundwater quality of the subproject area Measurement and analysis indicators Symb No. Works DO TSS Hardness Mn Fe Cl- SO42- NO3- NH4+ Coliform ol pH As mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN/100ml Southnorth road & Huong 1 NN7 5.7 1.8 <2.5 106 0.0007 0.017 <0.3 54.99 74.22 3.24 <0,05 <3 Thuong bridge Huong Thuong - Chua Hang NN1 6.2 1.8 <2.5 122 0.0008 0.014 <0.3 62.05 8.72 7.19 <0,05 <3 2 road Dong Bam residential area 3 NN6 6.4 1.5 <2.5 70 0.002 0.242 <0.3 45.67 52.41 2.49 <0,05 <3 road 4 Dan bridge NN4 6.2 1.5 <2.5 126 <0.0005 0.077 <0.3 19.17 16.37 <0.3 0,14 <3 5 Le Huu Trac road NN5 5.9 2.8 <2.5 80 0.0013 0.127 <0.3 23.98 24.12 1.86 <0,05 <3 6 Huong Son kindergarten NN3 6.3 1.3 <2.5 220 0.0033 0.385 <0.3 19.95 25.87 0.32 0,5 <3 Phan Dinh Phung 7 NN2 6.3 1.3 <2.5 226 0.0035 0.828 1.417 47.11 6.48 <0.3 <0,05 <3 kindergarten Xuong Rong Stream drainage NN8 6.2 2 <2.5 116 0.0009 0.04 <0.3 5.64 24.92 10.46 0,05 <3 8 ditch Mo Bach stream drainage 9 NN9 5.7 1.6 <2.5 52 0.0009 0.032 <0.3 13.26 32.18 1.23 <0,05 <3 ditch 5,5- QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT - - 500 0.05 0.5 5 250 400 15 1 3 8,5 ❖ Remarks: - Analytical results show that all the analysis indicators meet the criteria of QCVN 09: 2008/BTNMT, groundwater in the subproject area has no signs of pollution. Therefore, when construction at the location of Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road, bored well water can be used for domestic purposes. Page | 70 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 4. Wastewater Table 23: Analytic results of wastewater pollution indicators of the subproject area Measurement and analysis indicators No Sym Works . bol COD TSS TDS *Cr Cu Hg Mn Fe F- SO42- NO3- NO2- Coliform pH As mg/l Cd mg/l Pb mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN/100ml Phan Dinh 1 Phung NT1 6.9 79.36 32.25 183 0.0029 <0.0005 0.0017 <0.01 0.0037 0.0005 0.117 0.34 <0.08 21.12 0.45 <0.03 4200 kindergarten 2 NT2 6.3 126.34 63.08 791 0.0062 <0.0005 0.0052 <0.01 0.0035 0.0012 0.315 0.858 <0.08 12.32 25.47 0.09 3900 Xuong Rong 3 drainage ditch NT3 7.3 35.04 33.5 973 0.0082 <0.0005 0.0022 <0.01 0.0025 0.0011 0.474 0.867 <0.08 36.82 7.32 1.52 4500 4 NT4 7.8 82.73 45.36 977 0.0052 0.0005 0.0023 <0.01 0.0059 0.0009 0.452 0.863 <0.08 96.32 15.21 <0.03 4700 Mo Bach 5 stream NT5 6.8 64.92 36.05 825 0.0012 0.0006 0.0047 <0.01 0.0038 0.0012 0.323 0.647 <0.08 52.87 10.38 <0.03 3600 drainage ditch 6 NT6 6.3 92.63 56.79 973 0.0107 0.0008 0.0049 <0.01 0.0092 0.0007 0.492 0.932 <0.08 92.36 48.64 0.05 5000 A 5-9 - 50 500 - - - - - - - - - - 30 - 3000 QCVN 14:2008/ BTNMT B 5-9 - - - - - - - - - - - 50 - 100 1000 5000 ❖ Remarks: - The analysis results show that the content of heavy metals in water is not large because this is the area for discharge of domestic wastewater. However, high concentration of COD and NO3 in wastewater indicates that the wastewater is contaminated with organic matter and has an unpleasant malodor, affecting the daily living activities of the households along the two ditches. - Therefore, it is not allowed to discharge domestic wastewater directly into the ditches during construction phase. The Client must use mobile toilets at workers' camps. Page | 71 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 5. Soil quality Table 24: Analytic results of soil quality of the subproject area Measurement and analysis indicators N Sym Works Fe Zn Hg As Cd Pb Cu Cr o. bol mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg 1 Southnorth road D12 764.25 32.89 <0.5 <3 <1.5 8.21 12.65 52.21 & Huong 2 Thuong bridge D13 1325.63 42.65 <0.5 4.07 <1.5 12.74 28.91 18.43 3 Huong Thuong - D1 1283 77 <0.5 5.1 <1.5 8.1 54.6 33.1 4 Chua Hang road D2 1172 79 <0.5 5.5 <1.5 6.3 40.8 40.6 5 D10 892.38 23.51 <0.5 <3 <1.5 7.01 12.69 9.23 Dong Bam road 6 D11 624.81 52.47 <0.5 3.6 <1.5 11.05 18.42 7.62 7 Dan bridge D7 1695.02 73.9 <0.5 5.07 <1.5 19.12 18.21 13.6 8 Le Huu Trac D8 1186 79.31 <0.5 3.2 <1.5 19.66 45.3 32.12 9 road D9 2693.72 62.14 <0.5 <3 <1.5 26.03 22.05 25.22 10 Huong Son D5 795.21 88 <0.5 <3 <1.5 36.01 64.4 28.1 11 kindergarten D6 1921 66 <0.5 <3 <1.5 35.4 8.2 13.9 12 Phan Dinh D3 728.41 62 <0.5 3.3 <1.5 <3 42.3 15.6 Phung 13 kindergarten D4 631.2 51 <0.5 3.2 <1.5 5.6 53.2 22.7 Xuong Rong 14 D14 1531.55 52.41 <0.5 3.31 <1.5 9.74 60.44 32.10 drainage ditch Mo Bach stream 15 D15 1362.88 52.76 <0.5 6.74 <1.5 10.24 72.95 40.38 drainage ditch - 200 - 15 1.5 70 100 150 QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT - 200 - 15 2 70 100 200 ❖ Remarks: - The results show that the quality of soil is good without signs of pollution. The analytical indicators meet the standards because of only agricultural and livelihood activities but no industrial activities happen near the subproject. - Thus, excavated soil can be used to backfilling for other works. - The residual amount of excavated soil is not contaminated by heavy metals so it can be used for leveling the ground for planting trees or used for other purposes. 6. Sediment Table 25: Analytic results of sediment quality of the subproject area Measurement and analysis indicators No. Works Fe Zn Hg Cd Pb As Cu Cr mg/k mg/k mg/k mg/k mg/k mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg g g g g g Xuong 762.5 1 32.81 <0.5 4.56 <1.5 Rong 1 22.45 18.74 16,95 drainage 1028. 2 ditch 55.73 <0.5 4.79 <1.5 17.22 20.04 10,32 69 Page | 72 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Measurement and analysis indicators No. Works Fe Zn Hg Cd Pb As Cu Cr mg/k mg/k mg/k mg/k mg/k mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg g g g g g 115.9 3 44.86 <0.5 6.17 <1.5 33.91 42.75 32,18 0 699.8 4 12.78 0.06 6.95 1.8 24.97 65.21 11,84 2 Mo Bach 1458. 5 65.93 <0.5 8.77 2.31 22.95 90.33 56,87 stream 01 drainage 847.3 6 ditch 92.41 <0.5 13.39 1.92 65.65 57.79 21,53 2 824.9 7 46.89 0.08 10.24 2.1 44.67 26.92 62,47 2 QCVN - 315 0.5 17.0 3.5 91.3 197 90 43:2012/BTNMT ❖ Remarks: The results show that all the analysis indicators of heavy metal in the sediment samples of the two ditches of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach are both below the permitted level (QCVN43:2012/ BTNMT). As a result, dredged material from two ditches can be used to leveling the lowland area for planting trees or to be disposed at two disposal sites of Da Mai and Tich Luong. 2.1.8. Status of biological resources The subproject ecosystem around construction sites is the agricultural ecosystem; There are no national forest or protected areas near the sites. Plants in the subproject area mainly are food crops such as rice, corn, potato, cassava, fruit trees and timbers such as longan, guava, jackfruit, eucalyptus and acacia. Surrounding the subproject area, no precious plants are found Terrestrial animals in the subproject area are those familiar to the human such as flowerpecker, sparrow, lizards, frog. The aquatic ecosystem includes fish: anabas, carp, hypophthalmichthys, shrimp, crab, algae, pistia, etc. Due to poor aquatic ecosystems, no fishing activity is found in Cau river and Cong river, the section running through Thai Nguyen city. In general, the fauna and flora in the subproject area are common ones without any specious species and having no value in terms of ecology. 2.2. Socio-economic conditions 2.2.1. Economic conditions Thai Nguyen city is the political, economic, cultural, educational, medical, tourist and service center of Thai Nguyen province and the Northern Midland and Mountainous region. The GDP growth rate (at constant price 1994) in the city was 15.1% in the period 2011-2015 and 15.5% in 2016. The average GDP per capita was 60 million VND/person/year in 2015. The economic structure focused on three main areas, including: services, commerce accounted for 49.27%; Industry, construction accounted for 47.53%; Agro-forestry accounted for 3.2%. 2.2.2. Social conditions ➢ Population and labor force According to statistical data of Thai Nguyen city statistics office, the total population of Thai Nguyen city up to 2016 was 333,580 people, excluding around 250,000 temporary residents Page | 73 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject (pupils, tourists, workers in the industrial parks who are temporarily registering for residence for work and health care, etc.). According to Decision No. 2486/QD-TTg dated December 20, 2016, the city's population is expected to increase by about 50,000 people. Labor structure and labor force (as of 2016): The working-age population of the city was 141,651 people, accounting for 49.2% of the total population of the city. The number of laborers in the urban area was 104,982 people, of which 99,418 are non-farm laborers, accounting for 95% of the total labor force in the urban area. Table 26: Scope, population and density of subproject wards/communes Density No. of Poverty rate No. Wards/communes Area (km2) Population (persons/km2) HHs (%) 1 Dong Bam 402.22 6103 15.2 1608 2.24 2 Linh Son 15.5 9720 627 2372 6.0 3 Huong Thuong 8.15 6490 796 1617 9.0 4 Gia Sang 419.16 12421 29.6 3539 0.76 5 Phan Dinh Phung 266.12 21507 80.8 5732 0.66 6 Hoang Van Thu 157.71 20531 130.2 4072 0.34 7 Thinh Dan 650.79 20116 30.9 2984 1.58 8 Tan Lap 441.09 13880 31.5 2545 2.79 9 Chua Hang ward 3.02 10948 3625 3136 2.38 10. Huong Son 395.88 13479 34.0 3584 1.2 11 Quang Vinh 312.38 7135 22.8 1851 2.43 12 Tan Thinh 306.45 16637 54.3 2513 1.79 13 Tuc Duyen 290.15 9785 33.7 2632 1.75 14 Quang Trung 198.06 26394 133.3 3513 0.31 (Source: Thai Nguyen City Statistic Office - 2016) ➢ Current status of land use The total natural area of the province was 17,069.8 hectares by 2015, accounting for 4.84% of the province's total area. Under Decision No. 2486/QD-TTg dated December 20, 2016, the area of the city was expanded by 5,243.8 hectares to Son Cam commune (Phu Luong district) to the north; Chua Hang town, Linh Son commune, Huong Thuong commune (Dong Hy district), and Dong Lien commune (Phu Binh district) to the East. Total natural area of Thai Nguyen city to present is 22,313.6 ha. Table 27: Area of natural land in subproject wards/communes Types of land (ha) Area No. Wards/communes Residential Specialized Unused (km2) Agricultural Forestry Aquaculture land land land 1 Dong Bam 4.02 211.2 0.45 4.25 66.23 83.54 3,89 2 Linh Son 15.5 365 307 31.8 42.6 218.7 18,4 3 Huong Thuong 8.15 331 206 21.7 35.6 138.4 19,1 4 Gia Sang 4.19 183.5 5.41 7.86 61.43 123.75 17,84 5 Phan Dinh Phung 2.66 12.5 1.96 5.63 134.65 98.33 0,47 6 Hoang Van Thu 1.57 4.92 1.48 3.16 73.02 67.5 0,05 7 Thinh Dan 6.5 341.75 60.97 14.84 74.32 130.67 5,09 Page | 74 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Types of land (ha) Area No. Wards/communes Residential Specialized Unused (km2) Agricultural Forestry Aquaculture land land land 8 Tan Lap 4.41 209.08 49.66 5.74 55.46 104.65 9,92 9 Chua Hang ward 3.02 122.5 0.14 1.83 60.18 110.38 5,63 10 Huong Son 3.95 230.23 4.58 12.67 66.54 56.58 1,83 11 Quang Vinh 3.12 174.36 0.16 1.62 52.1 50.61 3,66 12 Tan Thinh 3.06 96.78 8.48 3.8 51.34 139.24 3,27 13 Tuc Duyen 2.9 110.14 0.39 1.18 78.83 60.07 7,55 14 Quang Trung 1.98 35.08 0.01 2.79 70.93 83.17 2,42 Total 65.03 2.428.04 646.69 118.87 923.23 1.465.59 99.12 (Source: Thai Nguyen City Statistic Office - 2016) ➢ Education and training Thai Nguyen city is the third largest education and training center in the country with many universities, colleges, intermediates with the number of annual trainees about 100 thousand pupils. Presently, there are 226 kindergartens in Thai Nguyen province, of which 196 schools are overloaded. Therefore, the construction of Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung kindergartens is necessary to offload for the city’s education infrastructure. ➢ Health care Thai Nguyen city is home of Thai Nguyen General Hospital which is the biggest hospital in the Northern Midland and Mountainous region. In addition, there are also Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy and nine Provincial Hospitals under the Department of Health. The city has 28 commune/ward medical stations. The total number of health establishments in the city is over 210 establishments. According to a report by the Provincial Preventive Medicine Center in 2016, the measles/rubella vaccination campaign for children aged 16-17 reached 95.7%. The infectious diseases such as hand - foot – mouth disease, measles, rubella, dengue fever and so on were controlled from spread over the community. There are no cases of dangerous diseases such as influenza AH5N1, H1N1, cholera and zika. The incidence of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases has declined. The number of cases added in 2016 was 417, down 7% from 2015. Thus, with the demand for workers at each construction site ranging from 30-70 people (most utilizing on-site workers), this workforce does not put much pressure on the local health infrastructure. Therefore, local health facilities are fully capable of preventing and curing diseases for the workers of the subproject. 2.2.3. Physical cultural resources Thai Nguyen city is a tourist center of Thai Nguyen province and the Northern mountainous provinces. This is home of Nui Coc Lake tourist site which is famous for its many beautiful landscapes (which is 16km far from Thai Nguyen city). Up to 2017, in Thai Nguyen city, no any historical relic has been ever discovered during the excavation and construction, therefore, the possibility of discovering any cultural heritage during the construction process is very low. 2.3. Infrastructures and services 2.3.1. Transport The urban transport infrastructure of Thai Nguyen city by 2016 is the major national and provincial road axis (such as NH 3, NH 1B, NH 37, Hanoi - Thai Nguyen Expressway, Thai Nguyen - Cho Moi road, provincial road 262, provincial road 267 and provincial road 270). Page | 75 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Presently, the city's urban traffic network consists of 56 roads with good surface quality. The width of the access roads to the works ranges from 6 to 23m. Most of the roads are asphalt concrete and cement concrete ones. Table 28: Access roads to the works No. Works Access roads Asphalt road (B=7- Cement concrete Asphalt road (B>14m) 13m) and earth road Southnorth Road & South - North road, Gia Sang road, Hoang Earth road and 1 Huong Thuong Cach Mang Thang Tam Ngan road, Xuan Hoa concrete road Bridge Construction road, road, Tuc Duyen road Huong Thuong - NH 7 Tuc Duyen road Earth road 2 Chua Hang Road Construction Dong Bam Bac Kan road, NH 1B, Concrete roads in 3 Residential Area QL17 Dong Bam Road commune Dan Bridge Quang Trung road, the Thinh Duc road - 4 Upgrading provincial road DT267 Quang Trung road, Le Huu Trac road, Earth road and Le Huu Trac Road Hanoi - Thai Nguyen Thanh Nien Xung concrete road 5 Upgrading expressway Phong road, Thong Nhat road Huong Son Cach Mang Thang Tam Trinh Ba road, Luu - 6 Kindergarten road, Gang Thep road Nhan Chu road, Construction Huong Son road Cach Mang Thang Tam Minh Cau road, Phan - Phan Dinh Phung road, Hoang Van Thu Boi Chau street, 7 Kindergarten road Nguyen Dinh Chieu Upgrading road . Xuong Rong South - North road, Hoang Ngan street, Concrete road 8 Drainage Ditch Cach Mang Thang Tam Xuong Rong road, Gia Rehabilitation road . Sang road Mo Bach Stream Quang Trung road, Viet Nong Lam dyke road, - 9 Drainage Ditch Bac road, Bac Kan road. Duong Tu Minh road Rehabilitation 2.3.2. Water supply conditions Currently, in Thai Nguyen city, there are two water supply plants which supply water for domestic and production purposes: - Tuc Duyen water supply plant: capacity of 10,000 m3/day.night, exploiting groundwater. - Tich Luong water supply plant: capacity of 30,000 m3/day.night, taking surface water from Nui Coc canal. Water supply network: Transmission and distribution pipeline diameter from DN100 to DN700, service network diameter from DN25 to DN75. The total length of the water supply pipeline network in the city is about 486.35 km. Although the plants operating exceeding the designed capacity, they only meet about 75% of demands of the city's population, mainly central areas. 25% of residents are using bored well water. Page | 76 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject The construction location of camps of 8/9 works has access to tap water. Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road construction site must use well water from nearby households. Since groundwater in this area has not been polluted, use of bored well water will not affect health of local people and workers (Analytic results of groundwater quality are shown in item 2.1.7 and attached to the annex). 2.3.3. Water drainage At present, domestic wastewater in the city is collected into the incomplete common sewage system. The sewer system is gravity, mainly serves for the collection of surface stormwater and wastewater from households living in two road sides. Domestic wastewater drainage system has not been equipped for the residential areas, but all naturally discharge into the fields, rivers and streams. - Total sewers: The total length of sewers and ditches is about 21,750m, only 0.16km of sewers per 1km of road. - The ditches and sewers discharge into the natural streams flowing in the city, including 9 main streams: Tan Long, Mo Bach, Xuong Rong, Loang, Luu Xa, Vo Ngua, Cong Ngua, Quang Vinh and Gia Sang streams. - Residential areas have not been equipped without drainage system, wastewater and stormwater will be discharged into the low-lying land areas near the households. This water amount will follow the irrigation sewers from one field to another and finally flow into the streams, and then into Cau river. Currently, Thai Nguyen city is implementing two subprojects on wastewater drainage and collection using ODA funded by the French Government (to be completed in 2017) and the Kingdom of Belgium (to be completed in 2020). Wastewater from the camps of the items of Dan bridge, Huong Son kindergarten, Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten, Xuong Rong drainage ditch and Mo Bach Stream will be collected in the common sewer system of the city. Wastewater from the camps of the items of Dong Bam road, Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road, Southnorth road & Huong Thuong bridge and Le Huu Trac road will flow through the settling basins before discharging into Cau river. 2.3.4. Power supply The power supply system in Thai Nguyen city is managed and operated by Thai Nguyen Power Company under the Northern Power Corporation. Current power supplied to the city is from 220 KV and 110 KV girds. Power is transmitted through the medium and low-voltage 220 KV and 110 KV grid. Currently, 100% of Thai Nguyen city people are connected to the national grid. Therefore, the subproject areas are equipped with the power supply system from the national grid for construction and living activities. In the event of a grid failure, the contractor uses generators for minor repairs to limit the interruption of construction work. 2.3.5. Solid waste management There are two waste collection units in Thai Nguyen city: (i) Thai Nguyen Urban Environment and Construction Joint Stock Company which specializes in collection and treatment of domestic waste and construction waste; (ii) Hanoi Urban Environmental One Member Limited Company (URENCO) which specialize in collection and treatment of hazardous waste. According to the environmental status report of Thai Nguyen city in 2016, about 150 tons of waste was discharged from the city each day. The collection rate was about 85% of waste volume. The rest (15%) is buried, burned or dumped into the nature. Page | 77 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Solid waste after collection will be transported to Da Mai disposal site of 25ha, located 20km from the city center to the southwest. Construction waste was often classified and utilized for leveling. Hazardous waste is collected and transported to the waste disposal complex of Nam Son - Soc Son - Ha Noi. 2.3.6. Flooding and wastewater pollution The water drainage system in Thai Nguyen city is a general drainage system but not complete. In the rainy season, surface water of the city flows to the natural streams and then to Cau River. There are nine main streams for drainage for the city’s basins, including Tan Long Stream, Mo Bach, Xuong Rong, Loang Stream, Luu Xa Stream, Vi Ngua Stream, Cong Ngua Stream and Quang Vinh Stream. It is possible to divide the central area of Thai Nguyen city into the main drainage basins as follows: - The northern area includes: Quan Trieu and Tan Long wards; stormwater is collected into Lang Um stream and flows to Cau river; - The western area includes: Tan Lap, Tan Thinh, Thinh Dan, Quang Trung, Quyet Thang and Quang Vinh wards, waste is collected into Mo Bach stream and flows to Cau river; - The center of the city consists of 02 main drainage ditches. The line 1 includes Hoang Van Thu, Dong Quang, Quang Trung and Phan Dinh Phung wards, water is collected into Cong Ngua stream and flows to Cau river. The line 02 includes Dong Quang, Phan Dinh Phung, Hoang Van Thu, Trung Vuong, Tuc Duyen and Gia Sang wards. Water is collected into Xuong Rong stream and flows to Cau river; - The southern basin includes Cam Gia, Huong Son, Tan Lap, Phu Xa and Trung Thanh wards. Water is discharged into Loang stream and flows to Cau river. - Along the main drainage routes of the city, such as Cong Ngua stream and Xuong Rong stream, the section crossing Dong Quang and Phan Dinh Phung wards to Cach Mang Thang Tam road, has been solidified. The remaining sections and Mo Bach streams, Loang stream, Xuong Rong stream, the section from Cach Mang Thang Tam road to Cau river have the water collecting system on natural ground. Several sections of the ditch bed have been eroded due to residents’ encroachment on the two sides. So when there are heavy rains, some points are flooded locally, like Xuong Rong stream basin including Luong Ngoc Quyen road, the section passing through the General Hospital, Hoang Van Thu road section from the central round island to the intersection with Minh Cau road and almost entire Minh Cau road. Mo Bach stream basin includes Quang Trung road section intersecting with Z115 road to Dan overpass, and some points of residential areas in Tan Thinh, Quang Trung, Quyet Thang and Quang Vinh wards, which cause significant impacts on environmental sanitation, local traffic jam, affecting the life and business, production activities of people in the affected area. Currently the city is carrying out 02 investment subprojects on drainage and wastewater treatment funded by the ODA fund of the French Republic and the Kingdom of Belgium. It is expected that the two systems will be completed by the end of 2017 and 2020. Currently, wastewater is collected into drainage sewers for direct discharge to natural drainage ditches / streams. Uncollected wastewater and drainage sewer systems usually discharge directly to the natural surface or the nearest ditches cause serious pollution. Shortcomings of the drainage system as well as the state of environmental sanitation of the city has been causing some consequences such as: - The risk of flooding in some central areas of the city when rainfall is intense; Environmental pollution along the natural drainage ditches/streams due to influence of stagnant wastewater in the ditch; - The risk of spreading diseases related to wastewater pollution in high-lying population Page | 78 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject areas; Urban landscape is affected by pollution, indirectly creating negative effects on the overall image of the city. 2.3.7. Environmental and social conditions in the specific Subproject areas Environmental and social conditions of the areas along the works under DCIDP - Thai Nguyen city Subproject are as follows 1. Southnorth road & Huong Thuong bridge Construction The road starts at the junction between the existing north-south road and Cach Mang Thanh Tam road (CMT8) and ends at the Huong Thuong commune kindergarten. - The starting point of the road: The existing North-south road is about 25m wide, including 15m of road surface for vehicles and sidewalks from 3 ~ 6m. CMT8 road passes through the study area has a width of about 30m with a hard median strip. The surrounding area is crowded (location 1, Figure 8) - The ending point of the road: The ending point of the road is the agricultural land located in front of Huong Thuong commune kindergarten. The household living nearest is 500m away from the ending point (position 7, Figure 8). The current environmental and social conditions of the subproject road can be divided into three types: passing through the residential areas, passing through rice fields and across Cau River. - The road passes through the area of crowded population density with many permanently-built houses (location 2 & 5, Figure 8) - The road passes through rice fields is relatively flat terrain, convenient for construction work. The road crosses some local roads (locations 3 & 6, Figure 8). - At the location across Cau River, there is Huong Thuong bridge which is a type of suspension bridge with a width of 2.5m, the load of less than 3.5 tons. Population is distributed close to the two ends of the bridge. The road connecting to the bridge towards Tuc Duyen ward is now asphalted road with a road surface of about 5m width; In the side of Huong Thuong commune is local concrete surface road of 5m width (location 4, Figure 8). Environmental status: The environmental quality of air, soil, and water in the subproject area has no any sign of pollution, and the activities of waste generation are mainly from daily life, agriculture and transport means of small load. However, special attention should be paid to the noise emission during the construction phase at the work head of the subproject. 2. Huong Thuong - Chua Hang Road Construction The starting point connects to the Southnorth road near Huong Thuong kindergarten and Martyrs cemetery. The nearest households are located 400m from the starting point of the road (location 1, Figure 9) From Km0 + 800 to Km1 + 700 is the fields, the nearest household is 600m away the subproject area. In the area, there is Linh Trung temple, Nam Son hamlet church, Nhi Hoa village cemetery and Thong hamlet lake near the subproject road (locations 2 & 3, Figure 9) The area from Linh Son junction (Km3 + 900) to the intersection with Dong Bam road has about 40 households located along the subproject road (locations 4 & 5, Figure 9) The ending point area: The junction between the provincial road 265 and Nui Voi road in Chua Hang ward is crowded residential area (location 6, Figure 9). Environmental status: The route is mainly through the field, so the quality of the environment is good, however, the noise issues at the end of the road (Chua Hang island, Chua Hang ward) should be pay attention. Page | 79 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Huong Thuong bridge (4) (7) (2) (6) (3) (5) (1) Figure 8: Current status of Southnorth road – Huong Thuong bridge Figure 9: Current status of Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road 3. Dong Bam Residential Area Road Upgrading The starting point of the road: adjacent to the subproject “Cau river right dyke construction, the section passing through Thai Nguyen city. This area is agricultural land grown with crops and vegetables and located around 300m away from the residential area (location 1, Figure 10). From Km0 - Km0 + 950 is the existing aggregated road. Both sides are bare or cultivated land of the households. The closest household is about 700m from the subproject road (location 2, Figure 10). From Km950 to the ending point of the road is the existing cement concrete road. The road is Page | 80 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject under good condition, ensuring easy access during construction. There are about 20 households living along the road (locations 3 & 4, Figure 10). The ending point: There are about 30 households living along the subproject road (location 5, Figure 10). Figure 10: Current status of Dong Bam road 4. Dan Bridge Upgrading Dan bridge is located on Quang Trung road which is a route to Ho Nui Coc Lake tourist resort and Tan Cuong tea region. The two ends of the bridge, residents are concentrated not much, however, houses were permanently built. The difference between households’ houses and the bridge is large (50-100cm) It is about 500m away from Dan church, and 1km from the alley is Dan pagoda 400 - 500m away from the bridge end to the center of the city is Luong Ngoc Quyen Secondary School and Ngo Quyen High School. Environmental status: Generally, environmental quality in the construction site is good, however, it should pay attention to issues related to dust, noise during the construction phase. Page | 81 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Figure 11: Current status of Dan Bridge 5. Le Huu Trac Road Upgrading Le Huu Trac road is currently over 800m long with asphalt road surface width of 10.5m, without sidewalks on either side. The section from Le Huu Trac road to the intersection with Hanoi - Thai Nguyen expressway is mainly field land, garden land of people and some sections of earth roads. The end section of Hanoi - Thai Nguyen Expressway to NH 3 has many households living. The houses in this area are mostly three-storeyed permanent houses and garden land. The status of the subproject road can be divided into three types: (i) passing through existing cement concrete roads and residential areas; (ii) passing through rice fields; (iii) and passing through NH 3. - (i) The subproject road will pass through approximately 400m of existing cement concrete road and residential land of the local people at the beginning and the end of the road. The starting point is the alley section of the Le Huu Trac road (existing) with cement concrete surface of 100m length, with residential areas on either side. The regional houses are class IV houses and two-stored permanent houses (location 1, Figure 12); The ending point is cement concrete road of about 130m in length with dense population density. The regional houses are mainly 3-storeyed permanent houses (locations 5 & 6, Figure 12). - (ii) Most of the road crosses the rice and garden land of the people (locations 2 & 3, Figure 12). - At the intersection with NH 3, the subproject will build a new bridge with width of 8.5m (location 4, Figure 12). Environmental status: The soil, water and air environment in the subproject area has no any signs of being polluted due to the passage through the agricultural land area but mainly daily life activities of local people. However, attention should be paid to the problems of dust and noise during the construction phase for residential areas at the end of the road. Page | 82 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject (1) (2) (3) (4) (6) (5) Figure 12: Current status of Le Huu Trac road 6. Xuong Rong Drainage Ditch Rehabilitation The current status of Xuong Rong drainage ditch is divided into 3 types: (i) Located in the residential area (sections 1,2 & 3, Figure 13); (ii) one side is 50m from the residential area, one side is the rice field (sections 5 & 6, Figure 13); (iii) Gia Sang Lake (location 4, Figure 13). - (i) Along the ditch is the earth bank. The ditch bed has locations that are 7-8m encroached. The drainage width of the ditch is 1.5-15m. The two sides of the ditch are mainly paddy fields and fruit tree gardens. The ditch has bad smelt since wastewater from residential areas along the banks of the ditch and other areas is directly into the ditch. The distance to the closest household is 5.0m. - (ii) Along the right bank, there are gardens and crop land, while the left bank is the residential area No.7 of Tuc Duyen Ward under construction. The width of the ditch is 8-38m. Although this section is diluted from Cau river water, it is still polluted and bad smelt. - (iii) Gia Sang lake: Gia Sang lake had previously two small ones with a total water surface area of about 3.1 ha in the rainy season and approximately 4ha in the rainy season. The largest width of the lake is up to approximately 270m. However, nowadays since it has been encroached and deposited, the water surface area of the two lakes is about 1.9ha and the largest width of the lake is only about 120m and 02 lakes are separated independently. No wastewater collection system has been equipped surrounding the lake to prevent wastewater from residential areas. Wastewater from residential areas towards the lake and the elevated areas are discharged directly into the lake. The residential areas of the resettlement site of the wastewater plant and the residential area No.1 of Gia Sang ward are frequently flooded in rainy season. Environmental status: The area of the works is contaminated with malodors from the wastewater drainage system, affecting the living conditions of the households living along the ditch. Water quality in some areas shows signs of organic pollution. In addition, the background environment in the subproject area is good. Page | 83 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Figure 13: Current status of Xuong Rong drainage ditch 7. Mo Bach Stream Drainage Ditch Rehabilitation Mo Bach stream has now many narrowed sections due to landslide or land encroachment by local people in the two sides. In addition, stream bed is often clogged by mud, construction materials and domestic waste. The two sides of the stream are waste and shrubs, banana trees, longan trees, etc. The starting point intersects with the Dan overpass. This is located near the intersection of Quang Trung road and NH 3. The location nearby Quang Trung road is an orthopedic and rehabilitation hospital The ending point is the intersection with Cau river. Two stream banks are bushes. At the intersection, water flows tightly. Environmental status: The area of the works is contaminated with malodors from the wastewater drainage system, affecting the living conditions of the households living along the ditch. Water quality in some areas shows signs of organic pollution. In addition, the background environment in the subproject area is good. Page | 84 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Figure 14: Current status of Mo Bach stream 8. Huong Son Kindergarten Construction The area of Huong Son kindergarten is public land managed by Huong Son ward, Thai Nguyen city. The land area is about 6,000 m2, interleaved in the residential area. Current status: This is a vacant land or deserted two-storeyed houses. The road borders the local concrete road to the South, borders Huong Son street to the South and West, borders to the existing residential area to the East. Environmental status: There has been no sign of pollution of soil, water and air at the construction site. However, problems of dust, noise should be paid attention to during the construction phase. Page | 85 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Figure 15: Current status of Huong Son kindergarten 9. Phan Dinh Phung Kindergarten Upgrading Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten was put into operation in 1998, there are 10 classes with 350 pupils. The campus area is 1,725 m2. At present, the school is degraded. The location of the school is interleaved in the residential areas in the center of Thai Nguyen city - The front side of the school is a 10m wide alley - The right of the school is the land managed by the People’s Committee, which is being used by people for gardening. - The left side of the school has a part of land managed by the People’s Committee where local people are currently planting trees and raising chickens and a part of residential land where people are building class IV house. - The behind side of the school is the land of local people where a motel range was built for rent. Environmental status: There has been no sign of pollution of soil, water and air at the construction site. However, problems of dust, noise should be paid attention to during the construction phase due to residents living around the subproject area. Page | 86 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Figure 16: Current status of Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten 2.3.8. Description of sensitive works Table 29: Description of sensitive works near the subproject area Sensitive works Characteristics of works 1. Southnorth Road & Huong Thuong Bridge Construction Kindergarten in Huong Thuong - Located at the end of Southnorth road, Huong Thuong bridge, commune about 230m from the end point of the road. - The kindergarten serves for about 300 pupils in Huong Thuong commune. - Studying time takes place all days in a week, starting time: 7h- 8h and ending time 16h30 - 17h30. Water pumping station is near - Located at downstream of Huong Thuong bridge under the Huong Thuong bridge works of Southnorth road, Huong Thuong bridge. - This pumping station will be moved for this works implementation. - This pumping station takes water directly from Cau river to irrigate for the fields in Huong Thuong commune with area more than 10 hectares. - The pumping station operates intermittently due to depending on the seasons, mainly in the dry season (from January to April). The operation frequency is about 7 days to timely catch up with the cultivation progress. 2. Huong Thuong - Chua Hang Road Construction: There are 5 sensitive works Page | 87 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Sensitive works Characteristics of works Linh Trung village temple - Situated along Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road (Km0+800). - There is no land occupation under this works. - The worship activities are mainly on the 1st and 15th of the months (lunar calendar). There is only one day for god worship in Linh Trung village temple. Thong hamlet lake - Located along Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road (Km1+700). - This is a large lake with area of about 2.5 ha, which stores and supplies water for farming and aquaculture for the whole surrounding area. Nam Son hamlet church - Located about 70m (Km2+400) away from Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road. - Area of the works is about 2,000m2. - Local people often go to the church at the weekend and on 24 December every year. Cemetery in Chua Hang ward - Located about 80m away from the end point of Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road. - Area of the works is about 1.0 ha. - Worship activities are not continuous and mainly on Qingming festival, 15th July (lunar calendar) and tending graves at the end of Lunar year. Monument to War Heroes and - Located about 120m away from the end point of Huong Martyrs in Chua Hang ward Thuong – Chua Hang road. - Area of the works is about 6,400 m2. - Worship activities are not continuous, mainly on 27th July every year. 3. Dong Bam Residential Area Road Upgrading: There are two sensitive works Cemetery in Nhi Hoa hamlet - Located about 130m away from the road passing Dong Bam residential site. - Area of the works is about 1.0 ha. - Worship activities are not continuous and mainly on Qingming festival, 15th July (lunar calendar) and tending graves at the end of lunar year. Page | 88 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Sensitive works Characteristics of works Cemetery is near Dong Bam - Located about 50m away from the road passing Dong Bam residential site residential site. - Area of the works is about 1,000 m2. - Worship activities are not continuous and mainly on Qingming festival, 15th July (lunar calendar) and tending graves at the end of lunar year. 4. Dan Bridge Upgrading: There is no sensitive works 5. Le Huu Trac Road Upgrading: There are one sensitive works Thai Nguyen Mental Hospital - Located about 90 away from the starting point of Le Huu Trac road. - Area of the works is about 3,000 m2. - No. of staff: 50 persons - No. of patients: 850 persons 6. Huong Son Kindergarten Construction: There are no sensitive works 7. Phan Dinh Phung Kindergarten Upgrading: There are one sensitive works Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten - Located within scope of construction of Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten. - During the construction of the kindergarten, pupils will have to relocate to other place for studying. - Area of school campus is about 1,700 m2 with 10 classes, more 26 teachers and over 350 pupils. - Studying time takes place all days in a week, starting time and ending time: 6h30 – 7h30, 11h-12h, 13h-14h and 16h30-17h30. 8. Xuong Rong Drainage Ditch Rehabilitation: There are no sensitive works 9. Mo Bach Stream Drainage Ditch Rehabilitation: There are one sensitive works Thai Hai kindergarten and primary - Located about 30m away from Mo Bach drainage ditch. school - Area of school campus is about 7,200m2 with 24 classes including kindergarten and primary classes. The school has about 50 teachers and over 350 pupils. - Studying time takes place all days in a week, starting time and ending time: 6h30 – 7h30, 11h-12h, 13h-14h and 16h30-17h30. Page | 89 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject CHAPTER 3. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 3.1. Current situation and considered alternatives The main objective of the analysis and comparison of alternatives regarding technical design alignment aims to compare the environmental and social impacts among the alternatives. The selected alternatives will be based on integrated considerations in terms of technical, economic, effective, environmental and social aspects. 3.2. Cases “With” and “Without” the subproject The sub-project has been implemented in 14 wards and communes of Thai Nguyen city. According to the survey results of the subproject area, it can be seen that: (i) quality of air, soil and water have not been reduced by pollutants (except for water quality at Mo Bach stream and Xuong Rong ditch); (ii) There is a lack of ring roads in the Northern and Northeastern area of Thai Nguyen city to connect with neighboring districts; (iii) Insufficient urban traffic system and cross-section of the road have not yet met the demand for transport and the nature of urban roads; (iv) The urban protection cofferdam system is still incomplete, thus the city is still flooded in the flood season,; (v) Current drainage system is a common and incomplete drainage system and Mo Bach stream and Xuong Rong ditch has been polluted; (vi) The kindergarten infrastructure has not met the actual development needs. Therefore, in case the Thai Nguyen City Subproject is not implemented, the environmental and social disadvantages will continue to exist including: - Risk of traffic safety on the existing road is increased due to deterioration of the roads in the traffic flow area which has increased over the years. At Dan bridge area, the small bridge surface width forms a bottleneck in combination with a elevation difference of about 2m between Dan bridge surface and Quang Trung road, causing difficulties for the means of transport and forming a potential location of traffic accidents risks at alarming level (there are about four traffic accidents each year). Without expansion and upgrading of the works, traffic accidents are likely to be unavoidable. - Vehicles must take long time to travel and pay high operation costs when passing through the communes and wards in the Northern and North Eastern area as well as the East West corridor to the South of Thai Nguyen city. If there are no traffic works including Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road, Southnorth road and Huong Thuong bridge, and Dong Bam residential area, the connection with the Northern and Northeastern areas of Thai Nguyen city, which mainly passes through Gia Bay Bridge and Ben Oanh Bridge will contain the potentials to cause traffic jams and safety. Le Huu Trac road to the South of city which is completed, will form an urban network, reducing the traffic pressure for roads in the central urban area. - There is a serious shortage of educational facilities in Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung wards. Without the implementation of the works, it will lead to overload of kindergarten education and training system in the area. - The risk of flooding and environmental pollution will continue to exist in urban city areas. If Mo Bach and Xuong Rong ditches are not rehabilitated, floods, environmental pollution, urban landscapes, malodors and environmental sanitation are likely to be unavoidable. Status of environmental and social issues in the case of "WITH" and "WITHOUT" the subproject is compared in the table below. Page | 90 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 30: Environmental quality in the case of "WITH" and "WITHOUT" the subproject Page | 91 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Issues In case “Without” the subproject In case “With” the subproject A Transport - bridges and urban roads connection improvement works - Purpose of land use is changed, water is not affected, - Increased traffic density causes - There is no change in air, water, soil Environment environment smoking and pollution - Urbanization, services development leads to increased generation of waste water and waste - People have many opportunities for economic development (business, trade, employment for companies, - People have few opportunities for Economy factories). economic development - People can easily access to job opportunities in Thai Nguyen city center - Local people do not lose their land, they do not have to relocate to new - 1,098 households are affected, residence without affecting their including 123 relocated households. livelihood - Bridges and roads are degraded - Bridges and roads are repaired or causing traffic unsafety replaced to ensure traffic safety - The roads are congested, local - Bridges, roads are expanded in Society people get many difficulties in accordance with the planning to help travelling smooth transport - People living along the left bank of - People living along the left bank of Cau river can easily access to the city Cau river are facing many difficulties center via Southnorth road - Huong in accessing to services in the urban Thuong bridge, Huong Thuong- Chua area of Thai Nguyen city Hang road and Dong Bam road. B Flooding prevention and sanitation improvement works - The air is polluted by malodor from - Environmental sanitation is the two channels. improved, air is fresher. - Wastewater and sludge are increasing - There has separate waste water causing negative impacts on Cau river pipelines, which will later be put into water. 02 wastewater treatment systems under - Contaminated wastewater seeps into construction of the city, wastewater soil, which makes soil quality reduced. pollution will be reduced. - Waste water is less polluted  Pollution level in the soil is less. Environment - Lack of environmental sanitation - The landscape environment is landscape is increasing. improved better. - The drainage situation of two channels is increasingly difficult - Stormwater drainage is more situation, leading to increased effective by improved inundation. inundation. - There is appearance of erosion, - There is no appearance of erosion and encroachment of narrow ditch bed ditch bed encroachment by from local people. construction of embankment. Page | 92 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject - Improved landscape and environment - People have few opportunities for leads to increased land price, Economy economic development. developed services  Livelihood is improved. - Local people do not lose their land, they do not have to relocate to new - 240 households are affected, residence without affecting their including 10 relocated households. livelihood Society - Environment is improved, the - Environmental pollution is the habitat epidemic situation is reduced. of flies, mosquitoes, mice  epidemic - Health of local people is improved development due to doing exercise, walking along embankment along Mo Bach ditch C Social infrastructure works - There is no change in air, water, soil - There is no change in air, water, soil environment. environment. - The expected area for construction Environment of Huong Son kindergarten is an - The landscape at the construction site of Huong Son kindergarten is abandoned location affecting aesthetic improved. beauty of the area. - The land price at the construction site Economy - No change of Huong Son kindergarten will increase. - 09 households are affected, none of - No loss of land households have to relocated. - Infrastructure degradation is issued, - The infrastructure of Phan Dinh the quality of kindergarten education is Phung kindergarten is degraded. improved. - Their education at Phan Dinh Phung - Learning and teaching at Phan Dinh kindergarten was affected for one year Phung School is stable and by the demolition of the old school, the unaffected. Society construction of a new school. - Pressure on the demand for - The needs of kindergarten education kindergarten education in Thai Nguyen is not solved. city is reduced. The planned area for construction of - The landscape and safety as well as Huong Son kindergarten is the security is improved in the gathering place of the persons with construction area of Huong Son bad qualities, causing instability in the kindergarten. area. 3.3. Analysis of technical alternatives 3.3.1. Description of the considered criteria The considered criteria for selecting alternatives are described in detail in the following table: Table 31: Criteria are considered for comparison between alternatives No. Alternatives Criteria to be considered Transport - bridges and - Location 1 urban roads connection - Advantages improvement works - Disadvantages Page | 93 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject - Technical field - Landscape - Site clearance - Construction cost (excluding contingency) - Technical solution Flooding prevention and - Advantages 2 sanitation improvement - Disadvantages works - Environmental and social impacts - Investment costs - There is only one alternative of construction according to the 3 Social infrastructure works planning 3.3.2. Construction of Southnorth road and Huong Thuong bridge ➢ Alignment alternative Two road alternatives for Southnorth road and Huong Thuong Bridge were considered as follows: Figure 17: The proposed alignment alternative of Southnorth road and Huong Thuong Bridge The impact magnitude of the two alternatives is compared as in the table below Table 32: Comparison of the alignment alternatives of Southnorth road and Huong Thuong bridge Items Alternative 1 (the selected alternative) Alternative 2 Location - Closely follow the planning, the road - The straight road follows the existing follows according to the topographic Southnorth road and then coincides with Xuong conditions and the current status of the Rong drainage ditch. residential area, the route slightly inclines - Total length is about 3.16km to the right of Xuong Rong drainage ditch. - Total length of the road is about 3.2km. Advantages - The road closely follows the planning - Direction of straight road from the current alternative, thus there will have little Southnorth road, the alignment alternative is impacts on other planning subprojects. better than that of alternative 1. - The first section of the road is next to Xuong Rong drainage ditch, thus, this ditch will not be affected or moving this Page | 94 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Items Alternative 1 (the selected alternative) Alternative 2 channel is unnecessary. Disadvanta - The road runs un-straightly to the top of - The road runs straightly into Xuong Rong ges the road, the alignment alternative seems drainage ditch, thus it is necessary to improve not to be good. the ditch or give potential solutions, leading to an increase in investment cost. - The road section runs at the lowest point of the waterbody area, causing the unstable risks of road surface during the exploitation process. ➢ Cross-section alternatives Three investment alternatives for cross-section width are considered for the works items. Advantages, disadvantages and alternatives are analyzed in the table below. Page | 95 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 33: Comparison of Cross-section alternatives of the Southnorth road, Huong Thuong bridge No Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 1 Description of Alternatives • Bbase = 41m, of which: • Bbase = 41m, of which: • Bbase = 25m, of which: - Carriage way : 4x3.5m - Carriage way : 4x3.5m - Carriage way : 4x3.5m - Median strip planted grass : 10.5m - Median strip planted grass : 10.5m - Median strip planted grass : 3.5m - Marginal lane in two sides of median strip - Marginal lane in two sides of median strip - Marginal lane in two sides of median strip : 2x0.5m : 2x0,5m : 2x0.5m - Safety lane adjoining sidewalk : - Safety lane adjoining sidewalk : - Safety lane adjoining sidewalk : 2x0.25m 2x0.25m 2x0.25m - Sidewalks : 2x7,5m, - Sidewalks : 2x7.5m, - Sidewalks : 2x3m depending on each section finished for entire route • The section passing through residential area: Tiled sidewalk • Phase 2: site clearance of two sides, 8m of each side • Phase 2 uses median strip for dividing into 2 lanes • The section passing through agricultural land area : soil foundation Page | 96 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject No Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 • Phase 2 uses median strip for dividing into 2 lanes 2 Advantages • Site clearance costs will be reduced as the • Due to complete investment, entire route • Reduced investment cost in phase 1 due to present compensation unit price is lower than will be synchronous and more aesthetic; narrowing of road’s width. that of future. • In addition, since the roadbed is made over • The subproject will newly build road the entire 41m of site clearance range for the without existing works, so it will be active in finalization stage, it will prevent the risk of re- investment, not require relocation of encroachment of site. infrastructure • In addition, since the roadbed is made over the entire 41m of site clearance range for the finalization stage, it will prevent the risk of re- encroachment of site. 3 Disadvantages • The overall route is not beautiful due to the • Due to sidewalk investment for entire • The high risk of site re-encroachment and sidewalk is not invested entirely. route, construction cost is high. many difficulties • The volume of site clearance is higher due • Difficulties in pavement expansion due to to site clearance for foundation slope of the second site clearance and relocation of road infrastructure 4 Technical comparison • Meet technical requirements according to • Meet technical requirements according to • Meet technical requirements according to applicable standards. applicable standards. applicable standards. • Almost no impact on the road surface • Almost no impact on the road surface • Great influence when expansion into 6 invested in phase 1 when expansion into 6 lanes invested in phase 1 when expansion into 6 lanes lanes in the future due to relocation of in Phase 2 in Phase 2 infrastructure. 5 Comparison of landscape Page | 97 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject No Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 • Beautiful and airy landscape • Beautiful, airy and synchronous landscape • The landscape is worse than Alternative 1 • However, because the pavement has not entire route and 2, the route is narrow. been fully invested, it makes sense that the route is not synchronous. 6 Site clearance • Site clearance for one time with total cost Same as Alternative 1 • Total cost of site clearance higher than less than Alternative 3 Alternative 1 and 2 but lower cost for phase 1; • Shorter site clearance time, more higher cost for phase 2 and facing with more convenient than Alternative 3 difficulties 7 Construction cost (Excluding contingency – Billion Dong) Phase 1 : 142,028 Phase 1 : 155,326 Phase 1 : 133,331 Phase 2 : 137,218 Phase 2 : 124,571 Phase 2 : 168,359 Total : 279,246 Total : 279,897 Total : 301,690 Table 34: Comparison of alternatives based on ranking score Cross-section solution Densi Comparison criteria Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 ty Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score (1) (2) (3) (4) = (2)*(3) (5) (6) = (2)*(5) (7) (8) = (2)*(7) Specifications 25% 2 0.5 3 0.75 1 0.25 Landscape 30% 2 0.6 3 0.9 1 0.3 Site clearance 25% 3 0.75 2 0.5 1 0.25 Construction cost 20% 3 0.6 2 0.4 1 0.2 Total score 2.45 2.55 1.0 Page | 98 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject According to above-mentioned comparison, it can be seen that Alternative 2 has more advantages than and total highest ranking score out of 3 alternatives. Therefore, Alternative 2 is suggested to be selected alternative for investment. ➢ Structural alternatives of Huong Thuong bridge 2 structural alternatives of Huong Thuong bridge are proposed and selected as below. Table 35: Comparison of structural alternatives of Huong Thuong bridge No. Alternative 1 Alternative 2 1 Description of Alternatives Low cable-stayed bridge of reinforced concrete, main span length of 100m Pre-stressed reinforced concrete box girder bridge - Span layout: 2x39.15+(42+63+42)+2x39.15m. Total length of the bridge - Span layout: 40+(66+100+66)+40m. Total length of the bridge to the end of to the end of the abutment is about 310.6m; the abutment is about 319.4m; - Upper structure: main span is pre-stressed reinforced concrete box girder - Upper structure: main span is pre-stressed reinforced concrete box girder structure by the construction method of balanced cantilever. Approach structure by the construction method of balanced cantilever. span has span structure of assembled Super T. - The tower of reinforced concrete is styled beautifully with language - Substructure: Supporting pier of cast-in-site reinforced concrete, the expressing the development viewpoint of Thai Nguyen city as “Gray into foundation is expected as drilled pile foundation Green”. - High-strength steel stays, covered by protective tubes with colors suitable for landscape to enhance the aesthetics of the building. Page | 99 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject No. Alternative 1 Alternative 2 - Approach span with pre-stressed reinforced concrete box structure cast in place on the scaffolding system - Substructure: Supporting pier of cast-in-site reinforced concrete, the foundation is expected as drilled pile foundation • Cross-section of bridge: • Cross-section of bridge: Page | 100 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject No. Alternative 1 Alternative 2 - Total width about 22.5m distributed as below: - Carriage way: 4x3.5m - Median strip: 1.5m - Marginal lane in two sides of median strip: 2x0.5m - Safety lane adjoining sidewalk: 2x0.25m - Sidewalks: 2x2.5m - Handrail: 2x0.25m • Total width about 23.5m distributed as below: - Carriage way: 4x3.5m - Median strip: 2.5m - Marginal lane in two sides of median strip: 2x0.5m - Safety lane adjoining sidewalk: 2x0.25m - Sidewalks: 2x2.5m - Handrail: 2x0.25m 2 Technical comparison Meet technical requirements according to applicable standards. Meet technical requirements according to applicable standards. 3 Comparison of construction technologies More complicated than Alternative 2 However, many contractors are capable of Manufacturing technology is simple and familiar to domestic contractors. executing 4 Aesthetics of works Page | 101 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject No. Alternative 1 Alternative 2 • High aesthetics. • Lower aesthetics than Alternative 1 • Cau River is only 100m wide, so it is more suitable for Landscape than Alternative 2 5 Maintenance Moderate maintenance cost Lowest maintenance cost 6 Construction cost (excluding contingency) 396,514 billion dongs 283,264 billion dongs Page | 102 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Total score of each alternative is determined by sum of multiplication between density and rank Table 36: Comparison of alternatives based on ranking score: Structural alternatives Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Comparison Densi criteria ty Low cable-stayed bridge with Pre-stressed reinforced concrete main span 100m box girder bridge Rank Score Rank Score (1) (2) (3) (4) = (2)*(3) (9) (10) = (2)*(9) Specifications 20% 3 0.8 4 0.2 Construction 10% 2 0.4 4 0.1 technologies Aesthetics 40% 4 0.8 1 0.4 Maintenance 10% 3 0.4 4 1.6 Cost 20% 2 0.2 4 0.4 Total score 3.1 2.8 Basing the above comparison, Alternative 1 (Low cable-stayed bridge main span 100m) has highest total score, therefore, Alterative 1 is suggested to be selected alternative for executing. 3.3.3. Construction of Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road The alignment alternative (following the alignment alternative in the planning, with specific adjustments at some locations to minimize cost of site clearance and limit the impacts on cemetery land, defense land). Therefore, the alignment alternative is suitable to the actual conditions in the area. ➢ Cross-section alternatives of the road Two cross-section solutions of Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road are reviewed and compared in the table below. Page | 103 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 37: Comparison of Cross-section alternatives of Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road STT Alternative 1 Alternative 2 1 Description of alternatives • Bbase = 24.5m, of which: Carriage way: 4x3.5m; Median strip planted grass: • Bbase = 48.5m, of which: Carriage way: 8x3.5m; Median strip planted grass: 0.5m; Safety lane adjoining sidewalk: 2x0.25m; Sidewalks: 7.5m + 2m 3,5m; Safety lane adjoining sidewalk: 2x0.5m + 2x0.25m; Sidewalks: • Cross section: 2x7,5m • Cross section: Tim tuyÕn giai ®o¹n ph©n kú ®Çu t- Tim tuyÕn giai ®o¹n hoµn chØnh 950 2450 mÆt c¾t ngang ®iÓn h×nh ®Çu t- hoµn thiÖn theo quy ho¹ch 750 1500 200 HÌ §¦êNG MÆT §¦êNG HÌ §¦êNG 250 250 250 25 2@350=700 50 2@350=700 25 lÒ bé hµnh D¶I AN TOµN PHÇN XE CH¹Y D? I PHÂN CÁCH PHÇN XE CH¹Y D¶I AN TOµN 4800 C©y gi¸ng h-¬ng 750 1475 350 1475 750 HÌ §¦êNG MÆT §¦êNG D¶i ph©n c¸ch MÆT §¦êNG HÌ §¦êNG Bã hÌ bè trÝ 8m/c©y L¸t vØa hÌ 250 250 250 25 4@350=1400 50 50 4@350=1400 25 250 250 250 lÒ bé hµnh D¶I AN TOµN PHÇN XE CH¹Y D¶I AN TOµN D¶I AN TOµN PHÇN XE CH¹Y D¶I AN TOµN lÒ bé hµnh Cèng tho¸t n-íc th¶i 1.5% 2% 2% 10% §-êng tù nhiªn C©y gi¸ng h-¬ng C©y gi¸ng h-¬ng 1:1 Bã hÌ b? trÝ 8m/c©y b? trÝ 8m/c©y Bã hÌ .5 1:1 .5 Cèng tho¸t n-íc th¶i 1.5% 1.5% Cèng tho¸t n-íc th¶i 2% 2% §-êng tù nhiªn §-êng tù nhiªn 1:1 CÊp n-íc Hµo kü thuËt 1:1 .5 .5 Cèng tho¸t n-íc m-a §µo ®Êt kh«ng thÝch hîp dµy 30cm R·nh g¹ch x©y BxH=0,6x1,0m CÊp n-íc Hµo kü thuËt §µo ®Êt kh«ng thÝch hîp dµy 30cm §µo ®Êt kh«ng thÝch hîp dµy 30cm Hµo kü thuËt CÊp n-íc Cèng tho¸t n-íc m-a Cèng tho¸t n-íc m-a 2 Advantages • Reduced investment cost for phase 1 • Total cost lower than Alternative 1 due to only construction and site clearance for one time • Actively in investment of infrastructure (electricity, water) 3 Disadvantages • High cost of site clearance for phase 2, more complicated than phase 1. • High cost of construction and site clearance. • Total cost for both 2 phases higher than Alternative 2. 4 Technical comparison • Meet technical requirements according to applicable standards. • Meet technical requirements according to applicable standards. 5 Investment cost (billion dongs) Site clearance : 96,475 Site clearance : 131,083 Construction cost : 201,671 Construction cost : 513,219 Page | 104 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Total score of each alternative is determined by sum of multiplication between density and rank. Table 38: Comparison of alternatives based on ranking score Cross-section solution Comparison Density Alternative 1 Alternative 2 criteria Rank Score Rank Score (1) (2) (3) (4)=(2)*(3) (5) (6)=(2)*(5) Specifications 25% 2 0.50 1 0.25 Landscape 30% 2 0.60 1 0.30 site clearance 25% 1 0.25 2 0.50 Construction 20% 1 0.25 2 0.50 cost Total score 1.60 1.55 From above tables, it can be seen that Alternative 1 has more advantages and higher ranking scores than Alternative 2. Therefore, Alternative 1 is recommended as research alternative for investment. ➢ Structural alternatives of Mo Linh bridge Length of the span aperture selected, in addition to the requirements for suitability with natural conditions and the control points of the subproject, also must be suitable with the scale, technical grade, architectural requirements and exploitation characteristics. Therefore, 3 span structural alternatives have been considered and compared. Table 39: Comparison of structural Alternatives of Mo Linh bridge Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Single span girder bridge, Single span girder Single span girder Comparison 03 Super-T spans, bridge, 04 girder I bridge, 03 Super T No. construction scale spans, construction spans, complete criteria according to phase 1 scale according to construction according investment phasing phase 1 investment to the planned cross phasing section Meet technical Meet technical Meet technical 1 Specifications requirements according to requirements according requirements according applicable standards. to applicable standards. to applicable standards. Processing technologies Processing Processing Construction and simple and familiar to technologies and technologies and 2 technologies national contractors. simple and familiar to simple and familiar to national contractors. national contractors. Moderate aesthetic Moderate aesthetic Moderate aesthetic 3 Aesthetics structure structure structure Construction Around 15 months Around 15 months Around 18 months 4 duration Low cost of maintenance Low cost of Low cost of 5 Maintenance maintenance maintenance Construction 6 cost (billion 55,828 56,825 111,658 dong) Total scores of each alternative are determined by sum of multiplication between density and rank Page | 105 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 40: Comparison of alternatives based on ranking score Structural alternatives Comparison Density Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 criteria Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score (1) (2) (3) (4)=(2)*(3) (5) (6)=(2)*(5) (7) (8)=(2)*(7) Specifications 20% 2 0.40 1 0.20 3 0.60 Construction 10% 3 0.30 2 0.20 1 0.10 technologies Aesthetics 20% 3 0.60 2 0.40 1 0.20 Maintenance 10% 1 0.10 3 0.30 2 0.20 Cost 40% 3 1.20 2 0.80 1 0.40 Total 2.60 1.90 1.50 Basing on the above comparison tables, Alternative 1 with simple span bridge using Super T girder has bridge cross section according to phase 1 investment phasing has been recommended as research alternative for the next stages of the subproject. 3.3.4. Upgrading and construction of Dong Bam road The alignment alternative of Dong Bam road is designed in accordance with the planning of Thai Nguyen city. The alignment of the works is as follows: From the starting point (the location adjacent to the subproject “construction of Cau river right dyke, the section passing through Thai Nguyen city at the intersection between the underground tunnel and the right bank dyke of Cau river), the route will coincide with the existing aggregate road with length of about 950m, to Km 0 + 950, the route will coincide with the existing cement concrete road in the direction of the main axis of Nhi Hoa hamlet, then go straight to the end of the route connecting to Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road at Km1 + 800. Figure 18: The proposed alignment alternative of Dong Bam ➢ Cross-section solution Two cross-section alternatives of Dong Bam road have been reviewed and analyzed as the table below. Page | 106 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 41: Comparison of cross-section alternatives of Dong Bam road TT Alternative 1 Alternative 2 1 Description of alternatives • From KM0+00 to KM0+950: Bbase = 21m; Carriage way: 2x5m; Safety lane Entire route is built synchronously: Bbase = 21m; Carriage way: 2x5m; Safety adjoining sidewalk: 2x0,25m; Sidewalks: 2x5,25m lane adjoining sidewalk: 2x0.25m; Sidewalks: 2x5.25m mÆt c¾t ngang ®iÓn h×nh ®Çu t- hoµn thiÖn theo quy ho¹ch 2100 525 525 525 525 HÌ §¦êNG MÆT §¦êNG MÆT §¦êNG HÌ §¦êNG 100 250 175 25 500 500 25 175 250 100 lÒ bé hµnh D¶I AN TOµN PHÇN XE CH¹Y PHÇN XE CH¹Y D¶I AN TOµN lÒ bé hµnh C©y gi¸ng h-¬ng C©y gi¸ng h-¬ng Bã hÌ b? trÝ 8m/c©y b? trÝ 8m/c©y Bã hÌ Cèng tho¸t n-íc th¶i 1.5% 1.5% Cèng tho¸t n-íc th¶i 2% 2% §-êng tù nhiªn §-êng tù nhiªn 1:1 .5 .5 1:1 • From KM0+950 to KM3+00: CÊp n-íc Hµo kü thuËt Cèng tho¸t n-íc m-a Cèng tho¸t n-íc m-a Hµo kü thuËt CÊp n-íc - Bbase = 15m §µo ®Êt kh«ng thÝch hîp dµy 30cm - Carriage way : 2x5m - Safety lane adjoining sidewalk : 2x0.25m - Sidewalks mÆt : 2x2.5m c¾t ngang ®iÓn h×nh ®Çu t- ph©n kú lo¹i 2 (tõ km0+950 ®Õn Km1+800) 1550 250 25 500 500 25 250 DAT DAT HÌ §¦êNG PHÇN XE CH¹Y PHÇN XE CH¹Y HÌ §¦êNG 1.5% 1.5% 2% 2% §-êng tù nhiªn .5 1:1 §-êng tù nhiªn .5 1:1 §µo ®Êt kh«ng thÝch hîp dµy 30cm Cèng tho¸t n-íc m-a Cèng tho¸t n-íc m-a 2 Advantages Cost of construction and site clearance lower than Alternative 2 The route is built synchronously with sidewalks wider than Alternative 1 Aesthetics higher than Alternative 1 Page | 107 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 3 Disadvantages Section 2 has narrower sidewalks, therefore, the route is not synchronous. High construction and site clearance cost Aesthetics is lower than Alternative 2 Walking in sidewalks is not convenient as Alternative 2 4 Technical comparison Meet technical requirements according to applicable standards. Meet technical requirements according to applicable standards. 5 Total investment (billion dong) Cost of site clearance : 45,072 Cost of site clearance : 65,00 Construction cost : 142,96 Construction cost : 168,567 Total scores of each alternative are determined by sum of multiplication between density and rank. Table 42: Comparison of alternatives based on ranking score Cross-section solution Comparison criteria Density Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Rank Score Rank Score (1) (2) (3) (4)=(2)*(3) (5) (6)=(2)*(5) Specifications 25% 2 0.50 1 0.25 Landscape 30% 2 0.60 1 0.30 site clearance 25% 1 0.25 2 0.50 Construction cost 20% 1 0.25 2 0.50 Total score 1,60 1,55 From above tables, Alternative 1 has more advantages and highest total ranking score. Therefore, Alternative 1 has been recommended as research alternative for the prevailing investment phase. ➢ Structural alternatives of Mo Linh 2 bridge Mo Linh 2 Bridge is built synchronously with Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road with only one construction alternative. Page | 108 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 3.3.5. Rebuilding of Dan bridge ➢ Structural alternatives of Dan bridge Two structural alternatives of Dan bridge have been considered and analyzed as the table below. Table 43: Comparison of structural alternatives of Dan bridge No. Alternative 1 Alternative 2 1 Description of alternatives • Specifications: • Specification - Demolition of existing bridge, - Demolition of existing bridge, - Construction of Super-T girder one span bridge - Construction of Super-T girder one span bridge - Length: 242.1m; - Length: 240.6m; - B=32m - B=32m - Lanes: 4 lanes for motorized vehicles 4x3.5m, 2 combined lanes - Lanes: 4 lanes for motorized vehicles 4x3,5m, 2 combined lanes 2x5.75m 2x5,75m - Safety lane: 2x0.25m - Safety lane: 2x0,25m - Sidewalks: 2x3m. - Sidewalks: 2x3m. Page | 109 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject • Upper structure: including one span of Super – T girder • Upper structure: including 3 spans of pre-stressed reinforced concrete • Substructure: includes two abutments of cast-in-site reinforced slab girder with length of L=24m and L=6m concrete. Foundation structure of drilled pile. • Substructure: includes two abutments and two piers of cast-in-site • Cross section: reinforced concrete. Foundation structure of drilled pile. TRUNG TÂM TP bè trÝ chung cÇu - general view of bridge (1/500) Tân cu o ng • Cross section: bè trÝ chung cÇu - general view of bridge TRUNG TÂM TP (1/500) Tân cu o ng Cäc khoan nhåi Cäc khoan nhåi Cäc khoan nhåi Cäc khoan nhåi Cäc khoan nhåi Cäc khoan nhåi A1 P1 P2 A2 A1 mÆt c¾t ngang cÇu - SECTION OF BRIDGE A2 mÆt c¾t ngang cÇu - SECTION OF BRIDGE (1:150) (1:150) Page | 110 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject No. Alternative 1 Alternative 2 2 Technical comparison Meet technical requirements according to applicable standards. Meet technical requirements according to applicable standards. 3 Construction technologies Construction technologies are familiar to the national and international Construction technologies are familiar to the national and international contractors contractors 4 Aesthetics One-span bridge is more airy, the construction will less affect water Three-span bridge is not airy. During the construction will much affect supply stream for the city water supply stream for the city 5 Maintenance Lower cost of maintenance. Higher cost of maintenance. 6 Construction cost 56,522 billion dong 52,142 billion dong Page | 111 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject The alternatives are evaluated based on the density of the criteria and ranking according to the alternatives. In particular, density is evaluated based on the priority level of criteria. Since Dan bridge only serves the transport needs, the criteria given are considered equally. Total score of each alternative has been determined by of multiplication between density and rank. Table 44: Comparison of alternatives basing ranking scores Structural alternatives Alternative 2: Alternative 1: Comparison criteria Density Pre-stressed reinforced Super – T girder concrete slab girder Rank Score Rank Score (1) (2) (3) (4) = (2)*(3) (5) (6) = (2)*(5) Specifications 20% 4 0.8 3 0.6 Construction 20% 3 0.6 4 0.8 technologies Aesthetics 20% 4 0.8 3 0.6 Maintenance 20% 4 0.8 3 0.6 Cost 20% 3 0.6 4 0.8 Total score 3.6 3.4 Basing on the above comparison table, Alternative 1 (Super – T girder bridge) has highest total ranking score, therefore, Alterative 1 has been recommended as research alternative for next phases of the subproject. 3.3.6. Upgrading and construction of Le Huu Trac road Le Huu Trac road is built according to the planning and has no alternative. 3.3.7. Rehabilitation of Xuong Rong ditch Pursuant to the drainage planning for urban areas and industrial zones of Thai Nguyen province up to 2025 and vision to 2050, two preliminary design alternatives of Xuong Rong ditch’s section have been reviewed and analyzed as follows: Page | 112 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 45: Comparison of cross-section alternatives for Xuong Rong ditch NO. Alternative 01 Alternative 02 1 Design cross-section alternatives Section 1: From the start section (KS_1) to (KS_4) mÆt c¾t ®iÓn h×nh suèi x-¬ng rång mÆt c¾t ®o¹n 1 RANH GIíI RANH GIíI RANH GIíI QUY HO¹CH RANH GIíI QUY HO¹CH 13M B=10 ÷22M 13M 3m B=10m 3m 3M 7M 3M 3M 7M 3M ®-êng ®-êng Section 2: From (KS_12) to (KS_15). mÆt c¾t ®iÓn h×nh suèi x-¬ng rång RANH GIíI mÆt c¾t ®o¹n 2 RANH GIíI RANH GIíI QUY HO¹CH RANH GIíI QUY HO¹CH 13M B=10m 13M 3m B=3m 3m 3M 7M 3M 3M 7M 3M ®-êng ®-êng Section 3: From (KS_4) to point (KS_22) mÆt c¾t ®iÓn h×nh suèi x-¬ng rång mÆt c¾t ®o¹n 3 RANH GIíI RANH GIíI RANH GIíI QUY HO¹CH RANH GIíI QUY HO¹CH B=10 ÷22M 13M B=10 ÷22M 13M 3M 3M 3M 7M 3M 3M 7M 3M ®-êng ®-êng Section 4: From Xuong Rong ditch (KS_4) to Gia Sang regulation lake Page | 113 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject mÆt c¾t ®o¹n 4 NO. Alternative 01 Alternative 02 Section 5: Bong Toi ditch from (KS_16) to (KS_22) mÆt c¾t ®iÓn h×nh suèi x-¬ng rång mÆt c¾t ®o¹n 5 RANH GIíI RANH GIíI RANH GIíI QUY HO¹CH RANH GIíI QUY HO¹CH B=10÷22M 13M B=10 ÷22M 13M 3M 7M 3M 3M 7M 3M 3M 3M ®-êng ®-êng Section 6: Xuong Rong ditch from (KS_22) to Cau river (KS_26) mÆt c¾t ®iÓn h×nh suèi x-¬ng rång mÆt c¾t ®o¹n 6 RANH GIíI RANH GIíI RANH GIíI QUY HO¹CH RANH GIíI QUY HO¹CH 13M B=10 ÷22M 13M B=18m 3M 7M 3M 3M 7M 3M 3M 3M ®-êng ®-êng 2 Technical solutions - Section1: From the start section (KS_1) to (KS_4) - Section1: From the start section (KS_1) to (KS_4) + Stone embankment is arranged along 02 stream banks, the stream has + Vertical stone embankment, width of stream Bs=10m, walkway is trapezoidal cross section. Width of stream is Bs=10m-22m, walkway is arranged along 02 sides, road surface is Bd=3m. Scale of cross- section: Bs+Bdp+Bdt=10m+3m+3m=16m Page | 114 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject NO. Alternative 01 Alternative 02 arranged along 02 sides, road surface is 7m, sidewalk is 2x3m. Scale of - Section2: From road (KS_12) to (KS_15). cross-section: Bdt + Bs + Bdp = 13m + (10m-22m) + 13m = 36m-48m + Vertical stone embankment, width of stream Bs=3m, walkway is - Section2: From (KS_12) to (KS_15). arranged along 02 sides, road surface is Bđ=3m. Scale of cross- + Stone embankment is arranged along 02 stream banks, the stream has section: Bs+Bdp+Bdt=3m+3m+3m=9m trapezoidal cross section. Width of stream is Bs=10m, walkway is - Section3: From (KS_4) to (KS_22) arranged along 02 sides, road surface is 7m, sidewalk is 2x3m. Scale of + Tilting roof stone embankment follows the current stream, shaping of cross-section: Bdt + Bs + Bdp = 13m + 10m + 13m = 36m some sections aims to create favorable conditions for the flow. Width - Section 3: From (KS_4) to (KS_22) of stream B=10m-22m, construction of concrete road is carried out + Stone embankment is arranged along 02 stream banks, the stream has along 02 sides with width of 3m. Scale of cross-section: Bdt + Bs + trapezoidal cross section. Width of stream is Bs=10m-22m, walkway is Bdp = 3m + 10m-22m + 3m = 16m-28m. arranged along 02 sides, road surface is 7m, sidewalk is 2x3m. Scale of - Section 4: From Xuong Rong ditch (KS_4) to Gia Sang regulation lake: cross-section: Bdt + Bs + Bdp = 13m + (10m-22m) + 13m = 36m-48m + Construction of reinforced concrete box culverts with size of - Section 4: From Xuong Rong ditch (KS_4) to Gia Sang regulation lake: BxH=2mx2m. + Construction of culvert with the same diameter compared with that of - Section 5: Bong Toi ditch from (KS_16) to (KS_22): the covered culvert (D1000). + Tilting roof stone embankment follows the current status, the stream - Section 5: Bong Toi ditch from (KS_16) to (KS_22): has trapezoidal cross section, shaping of some sections aims to create + Stone embankment is arranged along 02 stream banks, the stream has favorable conditions for the flow. Width of stream B=10m-22m, trapezoidal cross section. Width of stream is Bs=10m-22m, walkway is construction of concrete road is carried out along 02 sides with width arranged along 02 sides, road surface is 7m, sidewalk is 2x3m. Scale of of 3m. Scale of cross-section: Bdt + Bs + Bdp = 3m + 10m-22m + cross-section: Bdt + Bs + Bdp = 13m + (10m-22m) + 13m = 36m-48m. 3m = 16m-28m. - Section 6: Xuong Rong ditch from (KS_22) to Cau river (KS_26) - Section 6: Xuong Rong ditch from (KS_22) Cau river (KS_26) + Stone embankment is arranged along 02 stream banks, the stream has + Tilting roof stone embankment is arranged along 02 sides of the trapezoidal cross section. Width of stream is Bs=10m-22m, walkway is stream banks, the stream has trapezoidal cross section, shaping of arranged along 02 sides, road surface is 7m, sidewalk is 2x3m. Scale of some sections aims to create favorable conditions for the flow. Width cross-section: Bdt + Bs + Bdp = 13m + (10m-22m) + 13m = 36m-48m of stream B=18m, of concrete road is carried out along 02 sides with width of 3m. Scale of cross-section: Bdt + Bs + Bdp = 3m + 10m- 22m + 3m = 16m-28m Page | 115 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject NO. Alternative 01 Alternative 02 3 Technical analysis Advantages: Advantages - Complying with the approved drainage planning. - Complying with the current status of drainage. - Ensuring flood drainage. - Complying with drainage ditches which has been invested for - Being convenient for travelling, development for attracting investment. construction. - Being convenient for the operation of ditch and stream system. - Being convenient for travelling, development for attracting investment Disadvantages - Limiting the negative impacts - Significant impact on compensation in case of site clearance and people's lives Disadvantages: are affected. - The stream system and landscape walkway is not synchronized. - Breaking of the detailed planning subproject. - The detailed planning subproject requires adjustments. 4 Social impacts Advantages: Advantages: - Meeting the people's travel demand and creating a clean environment - Insignificant impact on compensation in case of site clearance and landscape for the area. people's lives are less affected. - Minimizing damage caused by food and environmental sanitation issues - Minimizing damage caused by food and environmental sanitation issues Disadvantages: Disadvantages: - Significant impact on compensation in case site clearance and people's lives - During the construction process, the lives of local people will be are affected. affected by factors including noise, dust, etc. - During the construction process, the lives of local people will be affected by factors including noise, dust, etc. 5 Investment costs The investment cost is high, cost of compensation and site clearance is high. The investment cost is low, cost of compensation and site clearance is low. Based on the analysis, it is recommended that Alternative 02 is selected as the basic design alternative. Page | 116 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 3.3.8. Mo Bach stream drainage ditch rehabilitation ➢ Design alternatives of section Design alternatives of the ditch’s section are determined preliminarily based on the planned section scope and results of survey and evaluation along the ditch. Two section alternatives are presented and analyzed in the table below. Table 46: Comparison of design alternatives of Mo Bach stream’s section NO Alternative 1 Alternative 2 1 Designed cross-section alternatives Section 1: From head of route (KS_1) to the bridge on the road Z115 (KS_13) Section 2: From the road Z115 (KS_13) to the end of Residential area 4, Tan Thinh ward (KS_20). Section 3: From the end of residential area 4 in Tan Thinh ward (KS_20) to the intersection with Mo Bach main stream (KS_25) Section 4: From the intersection with Mo Bach main stream to the end of the route intersecting with Cau river. 2 Technical alternatives • The section from start section (Dan • The section from start section (Dan overpass) to the bridge on the road Z115 overpass) to the bridge on the road Z115 (KS_13): (KS_13): - Stone embankment is arranged along 02 - Keeping status-quo at the positions with stream banks, existing stone embankment. Additional - The stream has trapezoidal cross section. design for positions without stone embankment, vertical stone embankment, - Width of stream is Bs=8m-12m, - Width of stream is Bs=8m-12m. Page | 117 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject NO Alternative 1 Alternative 2 - Walkway is arranged along 02 sides, road surface is 7m, sidewalk is 2x3m. - Scale of cross-section: Bđt + Bs + Bđp = 13m + (8m-12m) + 13m = 34m-38m • The section from the road Z115 (KS_13) • The section from the road Z115 (KS_13) to the end of the residential area 4, Tan Thinh to the end of the residential area 4, Tan Thinh ward. ward. - Stone embankment is arranged along 02 - Keeping status-quo of invested stream stream banks, embankment. - The stream has trapezoidal cross section. - The stream has trapezoidal cross section, - Width of stream is Bs=8m-12m, Bs=7m, bottom width of 5m. - Walkway is arranged along 02 sides, road surface is 7m, sidewalk is 2x3m. - Scale of cross-section: Bđt + Bs + Bđp = - 13m + (8m-12m) + 13m = 34m-38m. • From the end of the residential area 4 to • From the end of the residential area 4 to Mo Bach stream main line: Mo Bach stream main line: - Stone embankment is arranged along 02 - Stone embankment is arranged along 02 stream banks, stream banks. - The stream has trapezoidal cross section. - Width of stream is B=10m-15m, - Width of stream is Bs=10m-15m, - Concrete road is built in two sides with - Walkway is arranged along 02 sides, road road’s width of 3,5m, sidewalks of surface is 7m, sidewalk is 2x3m. 3.0mx1.0m. - Scale of cross-section: Bđt + Bs + Bđp = - Scale of cross-section: Bđt + Bs + Bđp = 13m + (10m-15m) + 13m = 36m-41m. 7.5m + 10m-15m + 7.5m = 25m-30m. • The intersection section with Mo Bach • The intersection section with Mo Bach stream main line to Mo Bach bridge stream main line to Mo Bach bridge (intersects with NH 3): (intersects with NH 3): - Stone embankment is arranged along 02 - Stone embankment is arranged along 02 stream banks, stream banks, - The stream has trapezoidal cross section. - The stream has trapezoidal cross section. - Width of stream is Bs=20m-25m, - Width of stream is Bs=20m-25m, - Walkway is arranged along 02 sides, road - Walkway is arranged along 02 sides, road surface is 7m, sidewalk is 2x3m. surface is 3.5m, sidewalk is 3mx1m. - Scale of cross-section: Bđt + Bs + Bđp = - Scale of cross-section: Bđt + Bs + Bđp = 13m + (20m-25m) + 13m = 46m-52m. 7.5m + (20m-25m) + 7.5m = 35m-40m. • The intersection section with Mo Bach • The intersection section with Mo Bach stream main line to Mo Bach bridge stream main line to Mo Bach bridge (intersects with NH 3): (intersects with NH 3): - Stone embankment is arranged along 02 - Stone embankment is arranged along 02 stream banks, stream banks, - The stream has trapezoidal cross section. - The stream has trapezoidal cross section. - Width of stream is Bs=20m-25m, - Width of stream is Bs=20m-25m, - Walkway is arranged along 02 sides, road - Walkway is arranged along 02 sides, road surface is 7m, sidewalk is 2x3m. surface is 3.5m, sidewalk is 3mx1m. - Scale of cross-section: Bđt + Bs + Bđp = - Scale of cross-section: Bđt + Bs + Bđp = 13m + (20m-25m) + 13m = 46m-52m. 7.5m + (20m-25m) + 7.5m = 35m-40m. Page | 118 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject NO Alternative 1 Alternative 2 3 TECHNICAL ANALYSIS Advantages: Advantages - Complying with the approved drainage - Complying with the current status of planning. drainage. - Ensuring flood drainage. - Complying with drainage ditches which - Being convenient for travelling, has been invested for construction. development for attracting investment. - Being convenient for travelling, - Being convenient for the operation of ditch development for attracting investment and stream system. Disadvantages Disadvantages: - Significant impact on compensation in case - The stream system and landscape walkway of site clearance and people's lives are is not synchronized. affected. - The detailed planning subproject requires - Breaking of the detailed planning. adjustment. 4 Social impacts Advantages: Advantages: - Meeting the people's travel demand and - Insignificant impact on compensation in creating a clean environment landscape for the case of site clearance and people's lives are less area. affected. Disadvantages: Disadvantages: - Significant impact on compensation in case - Travelling is not continuous in entire route. site clearance and people's lives are affected. Walkway cannot be arranged in the start - During the construction process, the lives of section. local people will be affected by factors - During the construction process, the lives of including noise, dust, etc. local people will be affected by factors including noise, dust, etc 5 Investment cost The investment cost is high, cost of The investment cost is low, cost of compensation and site clearance is high. compensation and site clearance is low. Through the analysis, Alternative 2 has been recommended for the phase of feasibility study. 3.3.9. Construction of Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung Kindergartens Two pre-schools will be built according to the planning of Thai Nguyen city in accordance with the education and training development subproject of Thai Nguyen in the period 2016 – 2020 approved by Thai Nguyen City People’s Committee on March 16, 2016. Thus, two items of construction of the pre-schools have no alternatives. Page | 119 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject CHAPTER 4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Environmental and social impacts assessment caused by activities of the Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project - Thai Nguyen City Sub-project in the phase of preparation and implementation of construction and completion for putting into use aims to quantify impacts that may affect environment, society and human health during the process of the subproject implementation, at the same time, based on this basis, it is proposed measures to minimize the negative impact appropriately for this type of subproject. The scope of environmental and social impact assessment of the subproject includes the work items: 1. Construction of Southnorth road and Huong Thuong bridge with length of 3,200m (including Huong Thuong bridge), with width of 41.0m. The starting point is located at T- junction intersecting Southnorth road and August Revolution road; the ending point intersects with Huong Thuong- Chua Hang road in Huong Thuong commune. 2. Construction of Huong Thuong- Chua Hang road with length of 5,720m and width of 24.5m. The starting point connects with Southnorth road – Huong Thuong bridge in Huong Thuong commune, the ending point intersects with Chua Hang round island in Chua Hang ward. 3. Upgrading of Dong Bam residential site road with length of 3,400m, width from 21.0 m to 36.0 m. The starting point intersects with the National Highway 1B; the ending point intersects with the National Highway 17. 4. Upgrading of Dan bridge with length of 42.0m, width of 32.0m, access road at two heads of the bridge is 100m long for each side. 5. Upgrading of Le Huu Trac road with length of 1,700m and width of 27.0m. The starting point connects with the existing Le Huu Trac road; the ending point is located at intersection between 3/2 road and Thanh nien Xung phong road. 6. Improvement of drainage system for Xuong Rong ditch with length of 3,200m. 7. Improvement of drainage system for Mo Bach ditch with length of 3,854 m. 8. Construction of Huong Son kindergarten (area of 6,151m2, scale of 24 classrooms and functional rooms). 9. Upgrading of Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten (area of 3,330 m2, scale of 18 classrooms and functional rooms). 4.1. Positive impacts The completed sub-project will receive positive changes including a more beautiful urban landscape, sustainable environment and favorable travel among areas of the city, contributing to promoting trade and creating a stable environment to attract foreign and domestic investment. The subproject will also create a motivation force for comprehensive economic, cultural and educational development. At the same time, living conditions of local people are improved in both quality and economic conditions of households. ❖ Positive impacts on the group of 4 traffic roads and 1 bridge works These work items will support the city to implement priority investments in transportation as identified in the general planning of Thai Nguyen City, Thai Nguyen province, by 2035. The investment of traffic infrastructure works shall: - Connect the urban main vertical axis, promote connection between the new and existing densely populated areas in the city center, enhance connectivity among interregional cities and strengthen the public transport options of Thai Nguyen city; - Form the main East-West transport axis connecting Hanoi - Thai Nguyen Expressway, National Highway 1B and the existing urban main axis road system of the city in order to reduce traffic flow, congestion and accidents; Page | 120 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject - Connect between two banks of Cau river, create the motivation to attract investment, implement the planning and develop the new dynamic city to the East of Cau river in Thai Nguyen city; - Create a motive force to shift the agricultural economic structure to services and trade in the areas along Cau river; - Create opportunities to exploit agricultural land fund in the sub-project area, create motivation to increase productivity and change the form of agricultural production for local people. Minimize travel and transportation costs, thereby improve business production efficiency of local people and businesses; - Increase accessibility of local residents in the area with services and facilities in the central areas of the city. ❖ Positive impacts on the group of 02 drainage system improvement works The works was built with the goal of solidifying the ditch bank in order to protect the flood drainage corridor from being re-encroached and connect appropriately and efficiently with the on-going subprojects on environmental hygiene and flood prevention with the purpose: - Improvement and enhancement of environmental quality in the city center along Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches; - Minimization of flooding in the rainy season and improvement of drainage capacity for the city's main drainage roads; - Improvement of public health, living conditions of local people in the subproject area, limiting the risk of disease caused by wastewater; - Improvement of infrastructure and landscape for the city, creating the motivation to form a civilized city, a clean, green and nice city. ❖ Positive impacts on the group of 02 kindergarten construction works The works is built to complete the kindergarten system of the city, contributing to gradually accomplishing the objectives set out in the subproject on development of education and training in Thai Nguyen city in the period 2016-2020. - Address the current situation which is the lack of classrooms and at the same time facilitate school-age children to have easier and more convenient access to schools, increase the number of children attending school, especially for children at kindergarten age; - Improve the kindergarten education infrastructure. New facilities will help to improve the quality of teaching and caring for the children, and children will be well cared for and well-educated in a better environment, thereby developing their thinking and physical abilities. ❖ Creation of motivation and development potential for Thai Nguyen city Location of the subproject in the regional driving force role: Thai Nguyen city acts as the economic, political and cultural center of Thai Nguyen province. Thai Nguyen is a development center for aspects including economy, culture, physical training and sports, education, science and technology, health care, tourism and services in the Northern Midlands and Mountains. This is one of the important advantages that Thai Nguyen city should use to create the driving force with the aim to exploit its strengths from the strongly-thriving economic triangle of Hanoi - Hai Phong - Quang Ninh. In the future, Thai Nguyen will be located in the economic growth quadrangle of Hanoi - Hai Phong - Quang Ninh - Thai Nguyen and developed along National Road 18 connecting Northwestern region, Viet Bac with Cai Lan deep port and National Highway 5 Expressway connecting with Hai Phong port. Page | 121 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Figure 19: Location of Thai Nguyen province in regional connection The investment in construction items of traffic roads, improvement of water drainage ditches, construction of kindergarten will contribute to improving infrastructure of the city, ensuring the capacity to serve the needs of production development, service trade and domestic life of local people. At the same time, it will also improve the environment landscapes, living conditions, strengthen connection among areas in the city and connect the regional transport, etc. Thereby, it can create a driving force for economic and social development, step by step stabilize the life of local people in Thai Nguyen city. The construction items creating motivation for socio- economic development through: ❖ Convenient transportation connection Thai Nguyen has a well-developed and convenient external transport network: (i) National Highway No.3 is not only the Southern gateway connecting Thai Nguyen with Hanoi, the provinces in Red River Delta and other provinces in the country, but also the Northern gateway through Bac Kan province to Cao Bang; (ii) National Highway 37, 1B, along with provincial roads and district roads system are important traffic circuits linking Thai Nguyen with neighboring provinces. As a result, construction of sub-project roads is a great motivation for socio-economic development and urban development in the Eastern region of Cau River (including Thai Nguyen City and surrounding areas), connecting the suburbs and the city center. At the same time, formation of roads connecting Thai Nguyen city and Hanoi satellite towns will stimulate the development of trade, financial services, inter-urban and inter-regional banks and premise to form a modern commercial and financial center. Page | 122 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Figure 20: External traffic connection of Thai Nguyen City with the provinces in neighboring areas ❖ Creation of driving force to promote competitiveness of the province The improvement of traffic conditions, infrastructure of Thai Nguyen city contributes to improving business environment and attracting investment of domestic and foreign enterprises. Up to 2016, there were 677 off-budget investment subprojects with total investment of VND 143,000 billion. In terms of FDI investment attraction, there were 114 enterprises and 116 subprojects with total registered capital of USD 7,185 million and USD 6,432 million was disbursed in 2016. Favorable business environment and reasonable policies in supporting enterprises have been attracting businesses to invest in the province and it is an important driving force promoting the socio-economic development of the province in the next time. Page | 123 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 4.2. Potential environmental and social impacts Potential environmental and social impacts are screened in the Table 47 below. Table 47: Level of negative impacts of the DCIDP - Thai Nguyen subproject Physical Biological Social Others Solid Local Components Forest, Fish, Land Physical Livelihood, Air, noise, Soil, waste, Indigenous flood, Off-site natural aquatic acquisition, cultural community vibration water dredged peoples traffic, impacts ecosystem life resettlement resources disturbance sludge safety Items of bridges and roads: 01 bridge (L=42m) and 04 roads (L=13.82km). Total AHs are 1,098 households, including 123 relocated and 66 vulnerable households. Preparation N N N N N M N N L N N Construction M M M N L N N L L L L Operation L N N N N N N N L L L Remarks - Medium and low impacts can be best addressed through ECOPs - Impacts on sensitive works. - Impacts on water environment. - Traffic interruption. - Risks of abutment subsidence during construction. - Impacts on groundwater quality during drilling phase. - Impacts on water transportation. - Impacts on agricultural production. 02 works of rehabilitation of Mo Bach and Xuong Rong drainage ditches (L=7,054m). Total AHs are 240 households, including 10 relocated households and 7 vulnerable households. Preparation N N N N N M N N L N N Construction M M M N L N N L L L L Operation N L N N N N N N L L N Remarks - Medium and low impacts can be best addressed through ECOPs. - Impacts on water environment. - Community disturbance and traffic issues. - Risks of landslide and subsidence during construction. - Malodor and exhaust gas caused by dredging. - Impacts on agricultural production. Page | 124 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Physical Biological Social Others Solid Local Components Forest, Fish, Land Physical Livelihood, Air, noise, Soil, waste, Indigenous flood, Off-site natural aquatic acquisition, cultural community vibration water dredged peoples traffic, impacts ecosystem life resettlement resources disturbance sludge safety 02 works of kindergartens (S=9,451m2, a total of 42 classrooms and functional rooms). A total of 9 AHs, no relocated household or vulnerable household. Preparation L L L N N M N N L N N Construction M M M N L N N L L L L Operation N L N N N N N N L L N Remarks - Medium and low impacts can be best addressed through ECOPs. - Concerns about road traffic safety. - Risks of local community’s safety and health. - Concerns about existing children of Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten. Notes: (1) The following criteria are used for the assessment of level of impacts: None (N) – no impact; Low (L) – Small works, minor impacts, localized, reversible, temporary; Medium (M) –Small works in urban/sensitive areas, medium scale works with moderate impacts of which most are reversible, reducible and manageable, localized, temporary; High (H) –Medium scale works in small urban /sensitive area, large scale works with significant impacts (socially and/or environmentally) of which many are irreversible and require compensation; Both M and H need monitoring and implementation of the mitigation measures as well as adequate institutional capacity on safeguard. (2) Small and medium scale works, most impacts are localized, temporary, and can be mitigated through the application of good engineering and construction management practices and with close supervision and monitoring and close consultation with local communities. 4.3. Impacts and risks during the pre-construction phase Generic impacts during preparation include (1) land acquisition; (2) safety risks associated with unexploded ordnance (UXO). As the sub-project is constructed on the successive basis or due to the short preparation time, impacts caused by the dismantling, site clearance, dredging, embankment or camp preparation will be associated with the construction phase and presented in the next part. 4.3.1. Impacts of land acquisition 1. Affected area The subproject consists of 9 work items (construction of 4 roads, construction of one bridge, rehabilitation of two drainage ditches and construction of 2 kindergartens). It is expected that the Subproject will require acquisition of 491,642 m2 of land. Details of level of impacts of land acquisition of each works are shown in Table 48 below. Page | 125 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 48: Land area affected by subproject implementation Affected land area (m2) Total affected No. Name of works Annual Traffic and land area Residential Perennial Production Aquaculture Organizations’ Public Unused crops Paddy land irrigation (m2) land crops land forest land land land land flat land land land Southnorth road & 1 30,828 14,367 5,035 57,047 - 1,679 - 605 20,335 1,852 131,747 Huong Thuong bridge Huong Thuong - Chua 2 29,874 19,434 17,871 37,541 3,743 1,773 - - 31,137 3,158 144,530 Hang road Dong Bam residential 3 3,263 11,897 - 12,662 - 229 18,338 319 10,673 11 57,392 area road 4 Dan bridge 235 105 - - - - - - 6,296 127 6,763 5 Le Huu Trac road 14,259 452 2,845 6,951 10,663 - - - 12,638 19 47,826 Xuong Rong drainage 6 2,846 125 149 - - - 82 - 15,855 - 19,056 ditch Mo Bach stream 7 1,130 3,518 7,506 2,507 94 - 5,041 972 48,573 5,505 74,847 drainage ditch 8 Huong Son kindergarten - - 389 267 - 98 5,397 - - - 6,151 Phan Dinh Phung 9 80 - 436 - - - 2,814 - - - 3,330 kindergarten Total 82,514 49,897 34,230 116,974 14,500 3,779 31,672 1,896 145,507 10,672 491,642 Source: Resettlement Action Plan of the Subproject, 2017 Notes: - Types of public land, traffic, irrigation land and unused flat land under the management of commune/ward People's Committees, and not eligible for compensation and assistance; - The affected public land is cemetery land; - Organizations’ land is the land that has been allocated to state organizations, enterprises (empty land has not been used by organizations). - Agricultural land includes types of land for planting annual crops, perennial crops, paddy land, productive forest land and aquaculture land. Page | 126 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Unit: % Figure 21: Rate of land occupancy of the Subproject According to Table 48 and Figure 21, a total of seven types of land are occupied for the construction of the subproject works affecting the local communities. Of which the paddy land occupies the most (35.07%), followed by residential land (24.74%), annual crops land (14.96%) and perennial crops land (10.26%). The types of production forest land, aquaculture land and organizations’ land occupied the lowest proportion (<10%). According to the scale, objectives and characteristics of each group of works, there will be diverse impacts: - For traffic works: Mostly newly-built roads are used to connect the residential areas, thus affecting mainly agricultural land (especially paddy land, accounting for from 43.19% to 59.30 % of total affected area). - For the works of rehabilitation of drainage system: They will mainly affect the traffic and irrigation land (Xuong Rong ditch will acquire 83.20% while Mo Bach ditch will acquire 64.90% of total affected land area). - For Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung kindergartens, two kindergartens will occupy mainly land of the organizations, about 85% of the total land area affected. Out of 9 construction items, the works of Southnorth road and Huong Thuong bridge, Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road and Le Huu Trac road have the most land occupancy (residential land accounts for 20-30% agricultural land accounts for 43-60% of the total affected land area). This indicates that the households affected by these three works have a high level of disturbance in daily life and livelihoods. In contrast, for the works of Dan bridge, Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung kindergartens, affected households have little disturbance in daily life and livelihoods (residential land only accounts for less than 3.5%, agricultural land only accounts for about 13% of total affected area). Impacts due to land occupancy are assessed as "MEDIUM" due to: (i) Although these impacts are long-term, the extent of impacts is local, concentrated in 14 wards / communes of Thai Nguyen city; (ii) In the future, after the works are put into operation, the value of land use in the adjoining areas is increased; (iii) In addition, these impacts can be mitigable through the compensation, support and resettlement, livelihood restoration and other support measures ... implemented through the Resettlement Action Plan of the Subproject. Page | 127 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 2. Affected households A total of AHs of the Subproject is 1,347 households, of which 1,317 households are affected on land and 30 households are affected on graves (58 graves to be affected and relocated). Out of 1,317 households affected on land: - 415 households are affected on residential land, including 133 relocated households; - 862 households are affected on agricultural land (paddy land, crop land), of which 299/862 households are severely affected (of which 267/299 households lost 20% or more of total agricultural production land and 32/299 households fall into vulnerable groups, losing 10% or more of total agricultural landholding); - 13 households are affected on aquaculture land (including ponds, small lakes of households for raising fishes on self-sufficient basis rather than commercial purposes); - 27 households are affected on production forest land (planting acacia, melaleuca). Out of 1,3479 AHs, 70 households are vulnerable ones (including 13 poor households, 42 policy households, 4 elderly households and 14 households headed by female with dependents). 74 households are affected on business (small-scaled business of daily consumers such as cake, candy, fruit, vegetables, and so on. No ethnic minority household is affected by the construction of work items under the Subproject. Details of households affected by each works are shown in Table below. 9 One household may suffer one and/or more types of impacts; Page | 128 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 49: Number of AHs of Subproject Households Households affected HHs HHs HHs on agri. land HHs HHs affected Affected Name of Total affected on affected affected affected Vulnerable Relocated No. affected on on production business works AHs residential Partially on on on crops HHs HHs Severely11 aquaculture forest land HHs land 10 graves structures and trees Southnorth 1 road & Huong 448 139 178 115 8 - 8 139 440 22 57 80 Thuong bridge Huong Thuong 2 - Chua Hang 321 61 150 102 3 5 - 61 321 17 8 10 road Dong Bam 3 residential area 137 8 93 30 1 - 5 8 132 20 - 3 road 4 Dan bridge 7 6 1 - - - - 6 7 - - - Le Huu Trac 5 185 117 12 35 - 21 - 117 185 7 9 30 road Xuong Rong 6 57 47 9 1 - - - 47 57 3 - 6 drainage ditch Mo Bach 7 stream 183 36 120 9 - 1 17 36 166 4 - 4 drainage ditch Huong Son 8 6 - - 5 1 - - - 6 - - - kindergarten Phan Dinh 9 Phung 3 1 - 2 - - - 1 3 - - - kindergarten Total 1,347 415 563 299 13 27 30 415 1,317 73 74 133 Source: Resettlement Action Plan of the Subproject, 2017 10 Partially affected HHs are those losing less than 20% of total agricultural production land area. 11 Severely-affected HHs are those losing 20% or more (10%or more for vulnerable HHs) of toal agricultural production landholding. Page | 129 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Figure 22: Proportion of AHs of the Subproject Table 49 and Figure 22, the most important subproject to 862 households affected agricultural land (accounting for 64%), followed by 415 households affected by residential land (30.81%). under the influence of less than 6%. Although this effect has been going on for a long time and affected households in 14 wards / communes of TP Nguyen City, however, this impact is assessed as "MEDIUM" due to: - The number of affected households only accounts for 3.23% of total households in 14 wards/communes (total number of affected households by DCIDP Thai Nguyen is 1,347 households while total number of households in 14 communes/wards is 41,698 households). - The number of households affected on residential land and structures (housing, kitchens, yards, walls, gate piers) is 415 households, accounting for 30.81% of total Ahs. The demolition of housing, kitchens and walls, and relocation of housing, temporary works will cause disturbance of life of 415 households, especially 133 households that have to be relocated.  Affected households without relocation will have to repair and rebuild their houses and other structures.  Relocated households will be entitled to compensation and self-relocation option or arranged resettlement in the residential sites such as the residential area 11 of Thinh Dan ward, Dong Bam residential area, Tan Lap residential area and Tuc Duyen ward residential area. - The number of households affected on agricultural land is 862 households. These households are affected on livelihoods and agricultural production interruption, especially 299 households severely affected on agricultural land. However, the extent of impacts on farming households is insignificant. Almost households affected on agricultural land have enough land for planting paddy, crops (vegetables, bean, corn, potatoes, cassava, etc.) and fruit trees. Furthermore, in recent years, the income from agriculture in the household income structure has trend of decreasing. - The number of households affected on aquaculture and production forest land is 13 and Page | 130 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 27 households respectively, accounting for 0.97% and 2.0% of total affected households. The impacts on these households is low due to aquaculture, productive forest plantation are secondary sources of livelihood, accounting for a small proportion of the income of these households. Moreover, they are only affected a small part of the area of aquaculture land and production forest land. According to the scale, types and investment objectives of the work items, newly-built roads have a higher number of affected households (accounting for about 80.99%) than those of the rehabilitated drainage ditches (accounting for 17.82%) and construction of two kindergartens (accounting for 1.19%). Technical alternatives, construction methods, local factors, and consultations with local authorities and people have been and will be considered in detail in the next phases to minimize the number of households affected by the work items. At the same time, affected households will be compensated for land, trees, structures ... and allowances (such as relocation allowance, livelihood restoration allowance, job changing, etc.) in accordance with the Resettlement Action Plan of the Subproject. 3. Impacts on housing and structures The implementation of the subproject will affect 415 households on housing and structures, of which: (i) 282 households are affected partly on housing or structures; (ii) 133 households are totally affected on housing and structures and need to be relocated. Table 49 summarizes the types of housing and structures affected by each work item. Page | 131 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 50: Summary of impacts on housing and structures Affected structures HHs affected on Relocated One- No. Works housing and households Houses with Grade 4 Auxiliary Water storage Kitchen Gate structures (HHs) (HHs) two storages house works Walls (m2) Yard (m2) tank house (m2) pier (m2) or more (m2) (m2) (m2) (m2) (m2) Southnorth road & Huong Thuong 1 139 80 2,149 1,800 438 166 101 435 497 76 26 bridge 2 Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road 61 10 729 1,767 186 126 66 210 317 97 37 3 Dong Bam residential area road 8 3 235 248 56 18 50 65 71 34 6 4 Dan bridge 6 - - - - - - 6 53 - 8 5 Le Huu Trac road 117 30 2,410 532 - 46 61 180 180 13 36 6 Xuong Rong drainage ditch 47 6 266 327 58 27 23 50 - 9 - 7 Mo Bach stream drainage ditch 36 4 252 325 82 18 31 66 37 15 6 8 Huong Son kindergarten - - - - - - - 34 - - - 9 Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten 1 - - - - - 8 23 - 8 - Total 415 133 6,042 4,999 820 400 340 1,069 1,155 252 119 Source: Resettlement Action Plan of the Subproject, 2017 Page | 132 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject According to Table 49, the works of Southnorth road and Huong Thuong bridge will cause most impacts on housing and structures (houses account for 36.99%, structures account for 39.01%), followed by the works of Le Huu Trac road (houses account for 24.8%, structures account for 15.47%), Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road (houses account for 22.61%, structures account for 25.58%). Whereas other work items, the proportion of housing and structures to be affected is lower than 10%. Partial or whole demolition of housing and structures will affect psychology of affected households, cause daily life interruption. However, the impacts are assessed as "MEDIUM" and are mitigable through the implementation of the Resettlement Action Plan of the Subproject. 4. Impacts on livelihoods According to the socio-economic survey results, 41.1% of households have primary income from agricultural production, The Subproject will affect livelihoods of 1,317 households affected on agricultural land, trees and crops. Total affected agricultural land area is 219,383 m2, of which 1,865 fruit trees of kinds (including longan, grapefruit, banana, etc.); 3,318 timber trees (Acacia, Melaleuca, Eucalyptus...). Table 51 below summarizes agricultural land area and trees to be affected by each work item. Table 51: Summary of affected trees and crops Affected production Fruit Timber No. Works AHs land area (m2) trees trees (trees) (trees) Southnorth road & Huong Thuong 1 440 78,128 712 456 bridge 2 Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road 321 80,362 890 681 3 Dong Bam residential area road 132 24,788 146 90 4 Dan bridge 7 105 2 1 5 Le Huu Trac road 185 20,911 584 149 6 Xuong Rong drainage ditch 57 274 45 41 7 Mo Bach stream drainage ditch 166 13,625 925 428 8 Huong Son kindergarten 6 754 6 8 9 Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten 3 436 8 11 Tổng 1,317 219,383 3,318 1,865 Source: Resettlement Action Plan of the Subproject, 2017 According to Table 51, when construction of the items of Southnorth, Huong Thuong bridge, Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road, it will cause higher impacts on income and livelihoods than other work items because the affected production land area and trees are higher than others. The occupancy rate of agricultural land of the work items of Southnorth road and Huong Thuong bridge and Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road is 35.61% and 36.63%, respectively. The occupancy rate of remaining 7 work items is less than 30% (of which Dan bridge has the smallest occupancy rate of 0.05%). Households likely to be negatively affected or at risk of poverty due to loss of productive land include: (i) households headed by women (unmarried, widowed or disabled husband) with dependents, ( ii) the disabled (with no working capacity), the elderly without support; (iii) the poor according to the criteria of the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs (with poor household certificates); (iv) landless households, (v) ethnic minority groups living separately, and (vi) policy households with war invalids and martyrs, heroic Vietnamese mothers or revolutionaries. Households are insignificantly affected on production land area: (i) 563 marginally affected Page | 133 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject households, losing less than 20% of production land area, account for 41.8%; (ii) 267 severely affected households, losing more than 20% of production landholding, accounting for 19.82%; (iii) 32 vulnerable households severely affected, losing more than 10% of production landholding, accounting for 2.38%; (iv) about 36% households are affected on trees and crops. Moreover, these impacts are scattered in 14 communes/wards of Thai Nguyen city, focusing on the initial phase of the subproject, then these impacts will be decreased because affected households will find out new livelihood sources and stabilize their lives. At the same time, in addition to compensation payments for affected land, trees and crops, affected households are also entitled to livelihood restoration allowances (subsistence allowance, production stabilization allowance, vocational training, job changing and job creation allowance). Therefore, these impacts are assessed as “MEDIUM” and are mitigable through the implementation of Resettlement Action Plan of the Subproject. 5. Impacts of production forest land acquisition Construction of 3 out of 9 work items under the Subproject will affect household’s production forests, including (i) Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road; (ii) Le Huu Trac road, and (iii) Mo Bach ditch. Total affected production forest land area is 14,500 m2, owned by 27 households. Namely: Table 52: Affected production forest land area No. of affected No. Work items Affected area (m2) households (HH) 1 Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road 3,743 5 2 Le Huu Trac road 10,663 21 3 Mo Bach ditch 94 1 Total 14,500 27 Acquisition of production forest land for the construction of the Subproject’s works will affect livelihoods and production practices of the affected households. This impact will be long-term but mainly on the first 3-6 months after acquisition of production forest land. At the same time, this impact is assessed as LOW, because: (i) The occupied area of production forest is minor (about 2.95% of the total land area occupied by the subproject; (ii) main trees are acacia and cajeput of 1-2 years old, so the economic value is not high, (iii) The area of occupied productive forest land of each household is less than 10%; (iv) According to the socio-economic survey results, in addition to sources of income from production forests, local people also earn income from other agricultural production activities or work as hired laborers. These impacts are mitigable through the compensation and support policies mentioned in the Resettlement Action Plan of the subproject. Figure 23: Current status of production forest in the Subproject area 6. Impacts on relocated households Relocated households will have psychological effects and changes in community relationships. The relocated households need time to adapt to the new living environment with access to new Page | 134 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject services such as health care, markets, schools and so on. Other social relationships will gradually develop due to the relocation to the new residence places. According to Table 49, the number of relocated households of the Subproject is 133 households (accounting for 9.87% of total affected households) due to construction of 4 roads and rehabilitation of 2 drainage ditches. Out of 6 works involved in relocated households, the item of Southnorth and Huong Thuong bridge will cause most households to be relocated (80 relocated households, accounting for 60.15%), followed by the item of Le Huu Trac road (30 relocated households, accounting for 22.56%). Whereas 4 remaining works have relocated households of less than 10%. Relocated households will be entiled to compensation payments or self-relocation option at the existing residence place or arranged to resettle in the resettlement sites such as the residential area 11 in Thinh Dan ward; (ii) Dong Bam ward residential area, (iii) Tan Lap residential area, (iv) Tuc Duyen ward residential area. These residential areas are located about 1-5km away the city center and easily accessible through the roads. The residential areas are developed with full infrastructures such as power supply, water supply and drainage, health care centers, markets and schools in a distance from 0.5km to 2km. Daily activities of relocated households will be ensured. Therefore, these impacts are assessed as “MEDIUM” and are mitigable through allowances to relocated households (including relocation allowance, house rent allowance or self-relocation allowance) in compliance with the Resettlement Action Plan of the Subproject. 7. Impacts on business The Subproject will affect 74 business households (at 3 items of Southnorth road, Huong Thuong bridge, Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road and Le Huu Trac road). During the construction, three roads will directly affect 74 households due to interruption of business activities (small-scale trading of daily consumers such as cake, candy, fruits, vegetables, etc.). However, these impacts are assessed as “LOW” due to: (i) small scale of trading; (ii) this is only secondary income source of households while their primary income source comes from agricultural production, public servants and cadres; (iii) households are eligible to compensation payments and allowances due to loss of income sources and business (production/business stabilization allowance, transportation allowance, job interruption allowance). Figure 24: Status of production and business at the subproject area The business interruption will take place during the construction, in local manner (within households). However, when the works is put into operation, it will contribute into development of household business and these impacts are mitigable through the Resettlement Action Plan which has been prepared separately for the Subproject. 8. Impacts on spirituality due to relocation of graves The Subproject will require relocation of 58 graves of 30 households under 3 work items, including the Southnorth road and Huong Thuong bridge (15 graves), Dong Bam residential area road (10 graves) and rehabilitation of Mo Bach stream drainage ditch (33 graves). The relocation of all graves is relatively complicated and costly. For Vietnamese people, graves are Page | 135 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject religious and spiritual issues, so the relocation should be done carefully. The cost of relocation not only includes the costs of exhumation, transporting and newly-building graves, but also the costs of worship according to the spiritual life of each locality. Waste arising from the relocation of graves includes excavated soil and buried materials. Soil can be used for filling the holes. Buried materials should be collected and buried on site to avoid injuries or spreading pathogenic bacteria. The amount of waste from relocation of graves is minor, and can be collected and easily treated. Impacts by relocation of graves are assessed as “MEDIUM” and local within households and scattered in 5 wards/communes under 3 work items of the Subproject. The duration of impacts is short; mainly take place in the pre-construction phase. These impacts are mitigable through relocation of graves within the cemeteries of the wards/communes and in close consultation with affected households to ensure appropriateness with the local customs. These negative impacts are mitigable through the Resettlement Action Plan which has been prepared for the subproject. Figure 25: Some images of affected graves 9. Impacts on vulnerable households The land acquisition for construction of the work items under the Subproject will affect 73 vulnerable households 12 , accounting for 5.42% of total AHs (These work items include construction of 4 roads, and rehabilitation of Mo Bach and Xuong Rong ditches). In terms of income, their restoration ability will be slower than that of other households due to their limited internal resources (finance, labor, knowledge or skills) - requiring more assistances. However, these impacts are assessed as "LOW" because, in addition to compensation payments and allowances as stipulated in the subproject policies, the vulnerable households will be entitled to additional allowances to facilitate them to restore their livelihoods. These allowances include (i) provision of an apartment in the form of purchase or renting for residence (depending on the choice of the AHs); or (ii) cash assistance equivalent to 30 kg of rice/person/month within 6 months. The assistance policies for vulnerable groups will be implemented through the Resettlement Action Plan which has been prepared separately for the subproject. 10. Change of land use purposes According to Table 48, land use purpose will be most changed due to construction of 4 roads, including Southnorth road, Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road, Dong Bam road and Le Huu Trac road as well as rehabilitation of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches. Total occupied land 12 Vulnerable groups: Groups of people who might suffer disproportionately or face the risk of being further marginalized by the effects of resettlement and specifically include: (i) women headed household (single, widow, disabled husband) with dependents, (ii) disabled (loss of working ability), the elderly alone, (iii) poor people according to the criteria issued by the MOLISA (with poor household certificates), (iv) the landless household, and (v) ethnic minorities and (vi) policy households such as War invalids and martyrs, heroic Vietnamese mothers and revolutionaries Page | 136 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject area of these 6 works is 47.54 ha, including 8.22 ha of residential land, 21.81 ha of agricultural land and the rest of traffic, irrigation and public land. The Subproject’s occupancy of residential land and agricultural land will change the land use structure at the locality, affecting income sources and livelihoods of affected households. However, these impacts are assessed as “LOW” because: (i) land use structure at the subproject area has shifting trends of increase in density of the service-industry and decrease in density of the agricultural sector; (ii) after the works are put into operation, value of land surrounding the works will be increased (from agricultural land into urban residential land); (iii) easier access, promoting local economic development. The positive impacts brought by the Subproject are much higher than the negative impacts. These negative impacts are mitigable through the Resettlement Action Plan which has been prepared for the Subproject. 4.3.2. Unexploded Ordnance-related Safety Risks 1. Risks of no clearance of unexploded ordnance (UXO) If the subproject does not conduct demining of unexploded ordnance (UXO), the risks that may occur during the construction phase of major work items are the risks of explosion of unexploded ordnance from the war. The objects are directly affected are workers, local people and surrounding infrastructure. These impacts are assessed as “HIGH” and last long-term, affecting the psychology, health, properties and life of workers and people surrounding the incident area. At the same time, the impacts caused by UXO explosion are on large scale, affecting the air, causing soil degradation. However, these impacts are mitigable through clearance of unexploded ordnance and explosives conducted by the functional units. 2. Risks from demining In case the demining for the work items (4 roads including the Southnorth road, Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road, Dong Bam road, Le Huu Trac road and rehabilitation of Xuong Rong ditch, Mo Bach ditch), risks can occur for deminers who are directly conducting the demining of UXO. The demining may cause explosions of explosive materials due to improper techniques of demining, causing dangers to the lives of the clearers. These impacts are assesses as “HIGH”, but are mitigable because the demining will be conducted by a military unit with full functions, technical facilities, qualifications and experiences in demining. Figure 26: Illustrative images of demining Therefore, the demining is important to avoid the potential threats to the surrounding infrastructure and the safety of residents and workers. For subprojects, UXO should be carefully considered and demined before commencement of construction activities. Impacts from UXO have a significant negative impacts on health, life and infrastructure if mitigation measures are not taken, with high risks to health, life and infrastructure. Demining must be completed prior to commencement of construction activities. 4.4. Impacts and risks during the construction phase Page | 137 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Activities to be conducted during the construction of work items under Thai Nguyen City Subproject include: - Leveling, building workers’ camps and on-site offices; - Operations of machinery and workers; - Transportation, gathering of materials and fuel for construction; - Dredging 02 drainage ditches, Xuong Rong and Mo Bach; - Excavation and backfilling, foundation for roads, bridge and 02 kindergartens - Huong Son, Phan Dinh Phung; - Drilling bored piles, construction of abutments and piers of Dan bridge, Huong Thuong bridge, Mo Linh 1/2 bridge; - Pile driving/expressing for embankment reinforcement of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches; - Backfilling, site reinstatement, paving roofs of Xuong Rong ditch, Mo Bach ditch and bridges; - Spreading layers of aggregate rubble, or asphalt for roads; - Transportation of materials to the disposal sites. 4.4.1. Generic impacts during the construction phase 4.4.1.1. Impacts on air quality 1. Dust and pollutants causing air pollution a. Dust from excavation, embankment and ground leveling The excavation and ground leveling process is considered to be the most significant source of dust emission in the construction phase for all construction works. In the case of intensive construction in the rainy season, dust pollution will be the highest. The dust concentration can be up to 10 to 15 times higher than the permitted limit. The concentration of dust will be reduced gradually after completion of the work items. According to the FS of the Subproject, total volume of excavation and leveling for the work items is shown in the table below: Table 53: Excavation and backfilling volume of work items Huon Southno g Dong Xuo Phan rth road Le Huong Thuon Bam Dan ng Mo Dinh and Huu Son N Uni g- resident brid Ron Bach Phung Volume Huong Trac kindergar o. t Chua ial area ge g ditch kindergar Thuong road ten Hang road ditch ten bridge road 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Excavated 5,73 88,51 94,04 1 m3 69,341 94,884 175,156 9,473 4,036 1,642 soil 5 9 1 Backfillin 397,41 4,44 172,1 27,82 30,66 2 m3 246,604 298,379 7,844 1,922 g land 6 9 76 2 9 Filling 3 m3 3,119 39,254 39,254 0 0 0 468 7 72 sand Total 531,55 10,1 260,6 37,29 125,1 4 volume m3 319,064 4 512,789 84 95 5 78 11,887 3,636 Conversio 797,33 15,2 391,0 55,94 187,7 5 n into ton Ton 478,596 1 769,184 76 43 3 67 17,831 5,454 3 Conversion factor 1m = 1.5 tons of rock and soil Page | 138 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject The dust emission level during the ground leveling depends on volume of excavation, backfilling and ground leveling. The amount of diffused dust is calculated based on the pollution factor and the volume of excavated/backfilled soil. According to the guidelines of the World Health Organization, the pollution factor E is calculated using the following formula: 1,4  u    E  k  0,0016   1,3 2,2 M     2 (CT1) Of which: - E - Pollution factor (kg/ton). - k – Particle structure, average value of 0.35. - u - Average wind speed in the subproject area (1.3 m/s). - M - Average moisture content of the material (20%). From the conditions of average particle structure, average wind speed and moisture content of excavated/backfilled materials, the pollution factor E = 0.00535 (kg/ton) has been identified. The construction duration of the work items varies from 15 to 24 months (depending on volume, geographical conditions and construction methods). Average dust concentration per hour at the construction site is calculated according to the table below: Page | 139 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 54: Dust emission concentration from excavation, backfilling and ground leveling Southnort Dong Huong Phan Dinh h road and Bam Le Huu Xuong Mo Huong Son Thuong - Dan Phung Huong residentia Trac Rong Bach kindergarte Chua bridge kindergarte Works Thuong l area road ditch ditch n Hang road n bridge road 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total dust 1,004.4 volume (kg) 2,560.27 4,265.36 4,114.78 81.72 2,091.90 299.27 7 95.39 29.18 Surface area (m2) 131,200 138,425 67,200 7,744 45,900 14,550 28,400 6,151 3,330 Effect volume on 145,50 site (m3) 1,312,000 1,384,250 672,000 77,440 459,000 0 284,000 61,510 33,300 Load (kg/day) 4.267 7.899 9.144 0.151 4.649 0.554 1.395 0.212 0.065 Surface dust emission factor 0.0380 (g/m2/day) 0.03252 0.05706 0.13607 0.01954 0.10128 9 0.04912 0.03548 0.01947 Average concentration (1h) (mg/m3) 0.4065 0.7133 1.7009 0.2443 1.2660 0.4761 0.6140 0.4435 0.2434 QCVN 05:2013/BTNM 0.3 T (mg/m3) Calculation results of dust concentration showed that total average dust concentration per hour in the subproject area when carrying out construction items exceeded the permitted limited in accordance with Standard QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT (limit: 0.3 mg/m3), the highest of 5.67 times at Dong Bam residential area road, about 4 times at Le Huu Trac road. The dust impacts on the residential areas adjacent to Dong Bam and Le Huu Trac roads are assessed as “MEDIUM” due to: - The density of residents living along the two sides of: (i) Dong Bam road is not much, mainly concentrated at the chainage Km1 + 650 to Km2 + 550m; (ii) Le Huu Trac mainly concentrated at the chainage K1 + 150 to the end of the route. In the residential areas, the level of new road base basically follow the existing ground level, so the excavation works in this area is minor. - Excavation and embankment activities mostly take place in low-lying areas, the fields along the roads since the ground level at the area is low and needs to be elevated. - Degree of dust emission: Localized at the site of excavation, not widely because the source of emission is the point source and the construction site is airy with many trees. - Dust emitted from excavation unless mitigation measures are applied, will affect:  Daily living activities, the travelling of people nearby the subproject area.  Potential risks to public health: eye and lung diseases due to the concentration of suspended dust in the air higher than normal. In addition, the dust from the ground leveling process also affects a part of resident who are living near Huong Son, Phan Dinh Phung kindergartens, the Southnorth road and Huong Thuong bridge, at the end of Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road. In reality, the amount of dust emission is not much compared with the calculation due to different construction time of each item (mainly focus on the first 1-2 months in the construction phase) and not occur simultaneously. The construction sites are scattered in 14 wards/communes of Thai Nguyen city. In addition, the dust emission concentration is rapidly reduced compared to the distance to the source and the mitigation measures mentioned in Chapter 5 will minimize the impacts of the dust on the ambient air environment as well as on local people near the subproject area. Page | 140 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject b. Dust and exhaust gas from operations of construction equipment To calculate the emissions (CO, NO2, SO2) due to the operation of machinery and equipment during construction such as excavation, leveling, mixers, pile drivers, ... (using one ton of oil with internal combustion engine, this ESIA based on the documents by Natz Transport, Shun Dar Lin, 2005. The emission factor of exhaust gases is presented in the table below. Table 55: Emission factor of exhaust gases Emission factor (kg/ton of oil) Used oil factor (kg/ton of rock and soil) SO2 NO2 CO 0.1 2.8 12.3 0.05 Source: Natz Transport and Shun Dar Lin 2005 Therefore, the volume of exhaust gases from the excavation of rock and soil is estimated specifically in the table below: Table 56: Estimated volume of exhaust gases from construction equipment Southnorth Huong Dong Phan Dinh road and Thuong Bam Le Huu Xuong Mo Huong Son Dan Phung Huong - Chua residenti Trac Rong Bach kindergarte QCVN bridge kindergarte Works Thuong Hang al area road ditch ditch n 05:201 n bridge road road 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total volume of rock and soil (ton) 478,596 797,331 769,184 15,276 391,043 55,943 187,767 17,831 5,454 - Required volume of oil (ton) 47.86 79.73 76.92 1.53 39.10 5.59 18.78 1.78 0.55 - Concentratio n of SO2 (mg/m3) 0.021 0.037 0.089 0.013 0.066 0.025 0.032 0.023 0.013 0.35 Concentratio n of NOx(mg/m3 ) 0.093 0.164 0.391 0.056 0.291 0.109 0.141 0.102 0.056 0.2 Concentratio n of CO 0.00038 0.00067 0.00159 0.00023 0.00118 0.00045 0.00057 0.00041 0.00023 (mg/m3) 30 In general, the level gas emission generated by on-site construction vehicles is not high, and within the permitted limits of Standard QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT. The objects who suffer these impacts are workers at the construction site and the neighboring residential areas such as the starting point of the Southnorth road and Huong Thuong bridge, the residential area near Huong Thuong bridge, the ending point of Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road, Nhi Hoa residential area belonging to Dong Bam road, the starting point and ending points of Le Huu Trac road, the residential area near Dan bridge, the residential area near Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung kindergartens, etc. These impact are localized at the construction site with a radius of 50-100m from the construction site. The impact duration is about 8 – 10 hours in day. The impacts are assessed as “LOW” and mitigable through ECOPs. c. Dust and exhaust gases from transportation of materials and disposal The process of transportation of materials and fuels from the supplying areas to the construction sites or the process of transportation of excess solid waste from the works to the disposal sites will raise dust and exhaust gases from vehicles (main exhausted gases include CO, SO2, NO2). Dust and exhaust gases will directly affect the transporters and the people living along the transport routes. Impacts caused by transportation of materials and disposal include: Page | 141 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject - Dust and exhaust gases that will obstruct visibility, affect the health of workers, road users and residents living along the transportation and disposal routes. - The transportation process can cause traffic jams, traffic unsafety, affecting people's travel activities. - Affecting the activities of trading and living of people along transportation and diposal routes. - Unshieled or scattered materials in the course of transportation will cause loss of urban aesthetics, affecting environmental sanitation conditions along the transportation route. The level of impact of dust and exhaust gases depends on many factors such as the distance of transportation, type of engine, engine volume, type and volume of used fuel, air operations, road quality, etc. To estimate the amount of dust and exhausted gases generated, this ESIA uses the method of “pollution factor” by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) to apply to diesel vehicles with load of 10 tones running on the urban roads as follows: (i) Dust 0.9 (g/km); SO2 4.29S (g/km, S = 0.05% - content of sulfur in fuel; CO 6.0 (g/km); NOx 1.18 (g/km). From the amount of dust and exhaust gases, the model SUTTON is applied to determine average concentration of the pollutants at a certain time with the linear emission source as follows:     ( z  h) 2    ( z  h) 2    0,8E exp    exp     2 z   2 z   2 2   (CT2) C=  z u In the formula CT2, there are: - C – Concentration of pollutants in air (mg/m3) - E - Load of pollutant from discharge source (mg/ms) - z – Height of calculated point (m) - h - The height of the pavement against the surrounding ground (m) - u – Average wind speed in the area (m/s) The pollutant diffusion coefficient  z in vertical orientation (z) and the atmospheric stability as defined as “Class B” in the study area, is determined according to the following fomular:  z = 0.53 x 250.73 (m) Of which: x is the distance from the calculated point to the discharge source in the wind direction. The method of calculation is dividing the point coordinates by the horizontal axis (x) and the vertical axis (z). For the subproject area, the average wind speed of the area is 1.3 m/s. Atmosphere stability is defined as Class B. Diffusion coefficient  z depends on the level of atmospheric diffusion, the value  z in vertical orientation is calculated according to Slade with the atmospheric stability of class B and distance x = 25m from the calculated center line of the road to the two sides. ❖ Dust and exhausted gases from transportation of materials to the construction site According to the pre-feasibility study report, the total volume of materials (soil, sand, cement, iron, steel ...) to be transported is shown in Table 57. The amount of dust and gas generated according to pollution factor of USEPA and WHO is calculated in Table 58. The material transportation routes are shown in Figure 27. The concentration of dust and exhaust gases during transportation of materials is shown in Table 59 (according to the formula CT2). Page | 142 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 57: Volume of transportation of materials and counts of vehicles transporting Southnorth Huong Dong road and Thuong Le Huu Xuong Mo Phan Dinh Bam Dan Huong Son Huong - Chua Trac Rong Bach Phung Works residential bridge kindergarten Thuong Hang road ditch ditch kindergarten area road bridge road 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total volume of 507,359 804,629 498,558 11,882 276,710 59,328 14,872 11,305 3,364 materials (ton) Total turns of 50,736 80,463 49,856 1,188 27,671 5,933 1,487 1,130 336 vehicles (turns) Construction 600 540 450 540 450 540 720 450 450 duration (days) Turns of vehicles transporting in 1 day (including 170 300 222 6 124 22 6 6 2 departure and arrival) Average transport 15 8 10 20 20 15 10 20 10 distance (km) Table 58: Emission rate of materials transport vehicles Emission rate (mg/ms) Southnorth Huong Dong Le road and Thuong - Xuong Mo Phan Dinh Bam Dan Huu Huong Son Parameters Huong Chua Rong Bach Phung residential bridge Trac kindergarten Thuong Hang ditch ditch kindergarten area road road bridge road 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Dust 0.0525 0.0500 0.0450 0.0050 0.0500 0.0075 0.0025 0.0050 0.0025 CO 0.3500 0.3333 0.3000 0.0333 0.3333 0.0500 0.0167 0.0333 0.0167 NO2 0.0688 0.0656 0.0590 0.0066 0.0656 0.0098 0.0033 0.0066 0.0033 SO2 0.0125 0.0119 0.0107 0.0060 0.0119 0.0197 0.0006 0.0012 0.0006 Table 59: Concentration of pollutants during the transportation of materials Emission volume (mg/m3) Southnorth Huong Dong Le road and Thuong Xuong Mo Phan Dinh Bam Dan Huu Huong Son QCVN Parameters Huong - Chua Rong Bach Phung residential bridge Trac kindergarten 05:2013 Thuong Hang ditch ditch kindergarten area road road bridge road 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Dust 0.139 0.123 0.138 0.134 0.139 0.134 0.134 0.134 0.134 0.3 CO 0.171 0.149 0.166 0.137 0.169 0.139 0.135 0.137 0.135 30 NO2 0.141 0.124 0.140 0.134 0.140 0.135 0.134 0.134 0.134 0.2 SO2 0.135 0.119 0.135 0.134 0.135 0.136 0.134 0.134 0.134 0.35 Page | 143 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Figure 27: The transportation routes of materials for construction According to the calculation results in Table 59, the concentration of dust and exhaust gases caused by transportation of construction materials is lower than the permitted limit of Standard QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT within one hour. However, dust and exhaust gases from the transportation can combine with dust and exhaust gases from means of transport operating on daily basis, along with hot weather, can affect the health and daily living activities of the people living along the roads such as Quang Trung, Cach Mang Thang Tm, Bac Can, Luong Ngoc Quyen, Duong Tu Minh, Le Huu Trac, Luu Nhan Chu, Huong Son, Provincial Road 265 and inter-commune roads (the distance from the road to houses of households varies from 5 to 50m.) The impacts occur during the construction of the work items, gradually decrease until the operation of the works. The impacts are concentrated within 8-10 hours per day. Specifically: - For the work items of construction of roads (works 1, 2, 3 and 5), the transportation volume of materials is large, the vehicle volume ranges from 124-300 turns per day, the average transport distance is 15km. Dust and exhaust gases directly affect the households living along the National Highway 1B, the provincial road 265 and Cach Mang Thang Tam road, however, the population density is not large. Impacts are assessed as “MEDIUM” and can be mitigable. - For the remaining works (works 4, 6, 7, 8 and 9), the transportation volume of materials is not much, the vehicle volume varies from 2 to 22 turns per day, the distance is from 10 to 20km. At the same time, the transport routes are favorable so the impacts of dust and exhaust gases on these work items are assesses as “LOW” and mitigable. ❖ Dust and exhaust gases from transportation of residual solid waste to the disposal site According to the pre-feasibility study report, the total volume of residual solid waste (unreusable waste, waste from demolition and ground leveling, etc.) to the disposal sites is shown in Table 60. The amount of dust and gas generated according to pollution factor of Page | 144 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject USEPA and WHO is calculated in Table 61. The transportation routes of residual solid waste to the disposal sites are shown in Figure 28. The concentration of dust and exhaust gases during transportation of materials is shown in Table 62 (according to the formula CT2). Table 60: Transportation volume of residual solid waste to the disposal sites Southnorth Huong Dong Le road and Thuong Xuong Mo Phan Dinh Bam Dan Huu Huong Son Huong - Chua Rong Bach Phung Works residential bridge Trac kindergarten Thuong Hang ditch ditch kindergarten area road road bridge road 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total volume of residual solid waste (ton) 29,520 24,917 10,080 581 10,328 1,746 4,260 1,344 500 Total turns of vehicles (turns) 2,952 2,492 1,008 58 1,033 175 426 134 50 Construction duration (days) 60 60 45 20 45 45 60 15 30 Turns of vehicles transporting in 1 day (including departure and arrival) 100 84 46 6 46 8 16 18 4 Average transport distance (km) 5 5 7 8.5 10 20 12 5 11 Table 61: Emission volume of vehicles transporting residual solid waste Emission volume (mg/ms) Southnorth Huong Dong Le road and Thuong - Xuong Mo Phan Dinh Bam Dan Huu Huong Son Parameters Huong Chua Rong Bach Phung residential bridge Trac kindergarten Thuong Hang ditch ditch kindergarten area road road bridge road 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Dust 0.0100 0.0088 0.0070 0.0021 0.0100 0.0050 0.0030 0.0013 0.0028 CO 0.0667 0.0583 0.0467 0.0142 0.0667 0.0333 0.0200 0.0083 0.0183 NO2 0.0131 0.0115 0.0092 0.0028 0.0131 0.0066 0.0039 0.0016 0.0036 SO2 0.0024 0.0021 0.0017 0.0005 0.0024 0.0131 0.0007 0.0003 0.0007 Page | 145 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Tich Luong ward Disposal site Da Mai Disposal site Figure 28: Transportation routes of residual solid waste to the disposal sites Table 62: Concentration of pollutants during transportation of solid waste to disposal sites Emission volume (mg/m3) Southnorth Huong Dong Le road and Thuong Xuong Mo Phan Dinh Bam Dan Huu Huong Son QCVN Parameters Huong - Chua Rong Bach Phung residential bridge Trac kindergarten 05:2013 Thuong Hang ditch ditch kindergarten area road road bridge road 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Dust 0.135 0.119 0.134 0.134 0.135 0.134 0.134 0.134 0.134 0.3 CO 0.141 0.123 0.138 0.135 0.141 0.137 0.136 0.134 0.135 30 NO2 0.135 0.119 0.134 0.134 0.135 0.134 0.134 0.134 0.134 0.2 SO2 0.134 0.118 0.134 0.134 0.134 0.135 0.134 0.134 0.134 0.35 Thus, concentration of dust and exhaust gases from transportation of solid waste to the disposal sites is lower than the permitted limits according to Standard QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT within one hour. Impacts are intermittent, mainly concentrated in the early phase of construction and decrease until the works are put into operation. - The transportation of solid waste for two works of the Southnorth road and Huong Thuong bridge and Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road will affect “MEDIUM” the households living along the roads such as Xuan Hoa, Tuc Duyen, National Highway 1B, Provincial road 265 due to large volume of solid waste and high vehicle flow (around 100 turns per day). However, these impacts are mitigable through appropriate technical solutions. - 07 remaining works will affect “LOW” the households living along the roads such as Quang Trung, Hoang Van Thu, Huong Son, Gang Thap, Road 3/2 and Tan Cuong road due to insignificant transportation volume of solid waste, intermittent operation and vehicle flow from 4 to 46 turns per day. These impacts are mitigable through ECOPs. d. Dust pollution during mixing of constructional materials During the construction, the mixing of sand, cement, concreting also causes local dust pollution at the construction site and the nearby residential areas (especially on sunny days). Referring to the measurement results at some sites located at a distance of 50-100m from the construction site at the end of the wind direction shows that the concentration of dust in ambient air environment is 20-30 mg/m3, 60-100 times higher than limits according to Standard QCVN Page | 146 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 05:2013/BTNMT. Meanwhile, the material gathering area is not located in the residential areas (the minimum distance to the nearest residential area is about 100m, excluding two kindergartens of Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung). Moreover, due to the large layout, this impact affects mainly the workers. For two kindergartens of Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung, the distance to the households is from 30 to 50m, so dust in the process of mixing materials affect not only workers but also residents surrounding the construction sites. However, this impact is assessed as “LOW” because the impact scope is localized at each construction site, the impacts occur during the construction time, about 10 hours intermittently per day. These impacts are mitigable through appropriate technical measures. Figure 29: Residential area nearby two kindergartens Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung 2. Noise During the construction phase of the subproject, noise is mainly generated from: - Transportation of constructional materials and residual solid waste; - Construction and dismantling of work items; - Operations of equipment at the construction site. Noise affects primarily the construction workers and people living nearby the subproject area and along the transportation routes. High noise level will affect public health such as insomnia, fatigue and psychological discomfort. Noise also reduces the working capacity of workers on the site, making them less mentally-minded, more likely to lead to occupational accidents. According to Standard QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT, the maximum allowable noise level is 70dBA in the production areas and the lowest noise level is 45dBA at medical centers, libraries, nursing homes and schools from 21h to 6am. For residential areas, the maximum allowable noise level shall not exceed 70dBA. In addition to the pollution sources of dust and smoke caused by excavation, backfilling and operations of vehicles, the operation of vehicles and construction equipment such as bulldozers, compactors, cranes, hoists, drillers, concrete mixers, excavators, trucks and so on also causes noise pollution and great concussion. The predicted level of noise generated by the construction equipment is shown in the table below. Table 63: Emission level due to constructional machines and equipment Noise level (dBA) 1,5m away No. Machines, equipment source 1 Truck of 10 tons 70 - 96 2 Bulldozer 93 3 Compactor (roller) 72 – 74 4 Excavator 72 – 84 Page | 147 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Noise level (dBA) 1,5m away No. Machines, equipment source 5 Bucket excavator 72 – 93 6 Scraper, blader 80 – 93 7 Concrete mixer 75 – 88 8 Concrete pump 80 – 83 9 Concrete vibrator 85 10 Electric generator 72 – 83 11 Self-propelled driller 75 – 106 12 Hoist 76 – 87 (Source: United States Environmental Protection Agency – Noise from constructional machines and equipment NJID, 300.1, 31/12/1971) However, the noise level will gradually decrease per the distance and determined by the formula below: Lp=Lp(X0) + 20log10(X0/X) Of which: - Lp(X0): Noise level is 1.5m away source (dBA); - X0 = 1.5m; - Lp(X): Noise level at calculated point (dBA); - X: Calculated point (m). Maximum noise level per the distance due to operations of the constructional equipment is shown in the table below: Table 64: Maximum noise level per distance Noise Noise level Noise level Noise level Noise level is Noise level is level is is 15m away is 30m is 50m away 100m away 200m away Machines, 1.5m source away No. source source source equipment away (dBA) source (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) source (dBA) (dBA) Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Truck of 10 1 70-96 50.0 76.0 44.0 70.0 39.5 65.5 33.5 59.5 27.5 53.5 tons 2 Bulldozer 93 73.0 67.0 62.5 56.5 50.5 Compactor 3 72-74 52.0 54.0 46.0 48.0 41.5 43.5 35.5 37.5 29.5 31.5 (roller) 4 Excavator 72-84 52.0 64.0 46.0 58.0 41.5 53.5 35.5 47.5 29.5 41.5 Bucket 5 72-93 52.0 73.0 46.0 67.0 41.5 62.5 35.5 56.5 29.5 50.5 excavator Scraper, 6 80-93 60.0 73.0 54.0 67.0 49.5 62.5 43.5 56.5 37.5 50.5 blader Concrete 7 75-88 55.0 68.0 49.0 62.0 44.5 57.5 38.5 51.5 32.5 45.5 mixer Concrete 8 80-83 60.0 63.0 54.0 57.0 49.5 52.5 43.5 46.5 37.5 40.5 pump Concrete 9 85 65.0 59.0 54.5 48.5 42.5 vibrator Electric 10 72-83 52.0 62.5 46.0 56.5 41.5 52.0 35.5 46.0 29.5 40.0 generator Page | 148 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Noise Noise level Noise level Noise level Noise level is Noise level is level is is 15m away is 30m is 50m away 100m away 200m away Machines, 1.5m source away No. source source source equipment away (dBA) source (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) source (dBA) (dBA) Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Self-propelled 11 75-106 55.0 86.0 49.0 80.0 44.5 75.5 38.5 69.5 32.5 63.5 driller 12 Hoist 76-87 56.0 67.0 50.0 61.0 45.5 56.5 39.5 50.5 33.5 44.5 QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT (6-21h) 70 dBA On the other hand, there are many sources of noise on the construction site, so the noise in reality will be greater due to the resonance between them. Additional noise is shown below: Table 65: Additional noise in case of many activities at the same position Difference in noise Additional noise Difference in noise Additional noise levels (dB) (dB) levels (dB) (dB) 0 3.0 7 0.8 1 2.6 8 0.6 2 2.1 10 0.4 3 1.8 12 0.3 4 1.5 14 0.2 5 1.2 16 0.1 6 1 (Source: Le Trinh – Environmental Impact Assessment – Methodologies and applications - Science and Technics Publishing House) According to the calculation results in Table 64, the noise level at the distance of 30m of construction vehicles and equipment is within the permissible limit (<70dB). The noise level decreases when the construction distance is far from the affected area. Out of the above noise sources, the most significant is the mobile noise of vehicles transporting building materials crossing the residential areas. - For the work items of construction of roads (Works 1, 2, 3 and 5): The households are living along both sides of the materials transport route (a distance of about 20m) or are living away from the construction site (> 50m). As a result, noise mainly affects construction workers and a small number of people at the beginning of the Southnorth road and Huong Thuong bridge, at the end of Huong Thuong-Chua Hang road, at the beginning and the end of Le Huu Trac road. Trac, in the middle of Dong Bam residential area road. - For the items of construction of Dan bridge, rehabilitation of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches: Noise only affects workers at the construction site due to the distance of 50m from the construction site to the closest households. - For the item of construction of Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung kindergartens: As there are several households living surrounding the construction site, in a distance from 5m to 30m, noise from vehicles and construction equipment will affect directly daily life of residents. However, according to the calculation results, the noise levels in the construction sites are LOW, arising in short time, scattered across 14 wards. The devices do not operate at the same time, but depending on the stages/shifts or depending on the progress, the workload of the items, each type of machine will be used differently, leading to the resonance impact at the same Page | 149 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject location is very low. In addition, vehicles and equipment are periodically inspected and noise will be stopped when construction is completed. Noise can be mitigated by measures such as the provision of protective equipment and anti-noise equipment. 3. Vibration The vibration is generated mainly from the high-capacity and regular-operation equipment on the construction site, including bulldozers, excavators, air compressors and so on from the ground leveling, pile driving, bridge piers and abutments. The vibration directly affects the workers involved in the operation of equipment and machine as well as people living nearby and construction of the infrastructure surrounding the construction sites. The vibration affects the lives, business and structures of houses and other architectural structures of the people and even it is the cause of the incidents causing cracking or collapsed houses. When the intensity is small and the effect is short, the vibration has positive effects such as increasing muscle force and reducing fatigue. In case of high intensity and long effect, it will cause discomfort to the body. Vibration combined with noise causes the hearing organs to become too tired, affecting the health of people. Typical vibration level of some construction equipment is shown in the table below: Table 66: Vibration level of some typical construction equipment No. Types of vehicles and equipment Reference vibration level (vertically, dB) 1 Excavator 80 2 Bulldozer 79 3 Heavy truck 74 4 Roller 82 5 Air compressor 81 Source: United States Environmental Protection Agency – Vibration from constructional machines and equipment NJID, 300.1, 31 – 12 – 197 To forecast the decreased vibration level, the formula below is used: L = L0 – 10lg (r/r0) – 8.7a (r – r0) (dB) Of which: - L is vibration per dB at distance “r” meter from the source; - Lo is vibration per dB measured at distance “ro” meter from the source. Vibration at distance ro = 10 m is often recognized as source vibration. - a is internal reduction coefficiency of vibration for clayed ground, 0.5. Forecast results are shown in the table below. Table 67: Vibration reduction level per distance of construction Source vibration Vibration level at distance (r0=10m) r=12m r=14m r=16m r=18m No. Equipment Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) 1 Excavator 80 1.72 70.5 0.58 61.1 0.20 51.9 0.07 42.6 0.02 2 Bulldozer 79 1.53 69.5 0.51 60.1 0.17 50.9 0.06 41.6 0.02 3 Heavy truck 74 0.86 64.5 0.29 55.1 0.10 45.9 0.03 36.6 0.01 4 Roller 82 2.17 72.5 0.73 63.1 0.25 53.9 0.08 44.6 0.03 Air 5 compressor 81 1.93 71.5 0.65 62.1 0.22 52.9 0.08 43.6 0.03 Page | 150 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Source vibration Vibration level at distance (r0=10m) r=12m r=14m r=16m r=18m No. Equipment Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) QCVN27:2010/BTNMT, permitted level 75dB from 6  21h and background level from 21h6h. DIN 4150, 1970 (Federal Republic of Germany), 2mm/s: no damage; 5mm/s: mortar peeling; 10mm/s: Possible damage to bearing elements; 20  40mm/s: damage to bearing elements. Based on the calculation results in Table 67, the vibration level of vehicles and equipment at distance of 12m is within the permissible limit of Standard QCVN 27: 2010/BTNMT (<75dB) and will decrease when the affected location is far away from the source of vibration. The vibration of the construction equipment directly affects the workers at the construction site. However, the impacts of vibration should be noted in the construction sites near the residential areas but at a low level: - The Southnorth road and Huong Thuong road: The residential area is located at the beginning of the road and the building location of Huong Thuong bridge, in a distance of 5-20m. - Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road: The residential area is located at the end of road, in a distance of about 5-30m. - Dong Bam road: Nhi Ha hamlet residential area, in a distance of about 5-10m. - Le Huu Trac road: The residential area is located at the begining of the , nearby the existing Le Huu Trac road and at the end of route near the intersection between Thong Nhat road and Thanh Nien Xung Phong road. - The residential area and houses of people living surrounding (5-20m far away) two kindergartens of Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung. The vibration impacts are assessed as “LOW” because operation duration of the equipment is intermittent; the impacts are localized at the construction site. Operators of equipment work on shift basis and equipped with labor protective equipment. Vibration impacts are mitigable through the application of construction methods and construction plans suitable for each construction site. 4.4.1.2. Impacts on water quality 1. Domestic wastewater from workers’ camps At each construction site there are about 30 to 70 workers involved in the construction. Workers are most concentrated in the early stage of the subproject and will gradually decrease when the works is put into operation. With the water consumption norm of 100 liters/person/day (Pursuant to Decree No.88/2011/ND-CP and Decree 80/2014/ND-CP, took effect since January 01, 2015), with 100% of water supply standard (100 liters/person/day), the total daily amount of domestic wastewater generated at each construction site ranges from 3.0 to 7.0 m3 per day. Domestic wastewater of workers at the construction site is the main reason affecting the quality of water in the surrounding area. Domestic wastewater contains many residues, decomposable organic matters, nutrients and pathogenic bacteria, which can cause pollution of surface water and groundwater if treatment is not conducted timely. At the same time, domestic wastewater, if not being collected, could be at risk of spreading diseases (gastrointestinal, respiratory and skin diseases) affecting workers and people living near the construction site. Basing on volume of pollutants shown in the Report on status of urban wastewater - Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology - Hanoi University of Science and Technology in 2016, the volume of pollutants generated into environment per each person is shown in the table below: Page | 151 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 68: Volume of pollutants generated per each person daily No. Pollutants Volume (g/persons/day) 1 BOD5 45 - 54 2 Suspended solid 70 - 145 3 Animal and vegetable fats and oils 10 - 30 - 4 NO3 (based on Nitrogen) 6 - 12 3- 5 PO4 (based on phosphorus) 0,8 - 4,0 6 Coliform 106- 109 MPN/100ml Source: Report on Urban Wastewater Status - Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology - Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 2006 The amount and concentration of pollutants in domestic wastewater at the construction sites of the subproject are calculated based on the amount of pollutants, the number of workers, the flow of wastewater. The results are presented in table below: Table 69: Pollution load in domestic wastewater Pollutant load (g/day) No Works Fats and BOD5 TSS NO3- PO43- Coliform oils Southnorth road & Huong 1 29.7 645 120 54 14.4 1.5 x106 Thuong bridge Huong Thuong - Chua 2 34.65 752.5 140 63 16.8 1.7 x106 Hang road Dong Bam residential 3 19.8 430 80 36 9.6 2.0 x106 area road 4 Dan bridge 14.85 322.5 60 27 7.2 2.2 x106 5 Le Huu Trac road 29.7 645 120 54 14.4 3.7 x106 Concentration of pollutants in untreated domestic wastewater is calculated according to the formula below: M= (CT3) Of which: - M: Concentration of pollutant to be calculated - m: Pollution load (kg/day) according to Table 69. - V: Total volume of arising wastewater (m3/d.n) Calculation results are shown in the table below. Table 70: Concentration of pollutants in untreated domestic wastewater Concentration of pollutants in QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT No. Pollutants untreated domestic (column B) wastewater (mg/l) 1 BOD5 582 50 2 TSS 1265 100 Animal and vegetable fats 3 235 20 and oils 4 NO3- (based on Nitrogen) 106 50 3- 5 PO4 (based on phosphorus) 28 10 6 Coliform 100x106 - 60x109 MPN/100ml 5000 MPN/100ml Page | 152 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject The calculation results in the table above show that untreated wastewater has much higher pollutant concentration than limits according to standard QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (column B). This type of wastewater usually contains total suspended solids (TSS), organic matters (BOD, COD), nitrogen and phosphorus matters as well as microorganisms that need to be controlled and treated before discharging into the environment. This is a significant source of pollution. In the absence of appropriate treatment measures, these substances can directly affect the living environment of workers and people around the subproject area, causing diseases and directly affecting groundwater and surface water. The surface water areas that may be affected include Cau river surface water (used for agricultural production activities) at the building location of Huong Thuong bridge, surface water at Mo Linh stream (used for agricultural production activities), at the construction site of Mo Linh 1 and 2 bridges, surface water at Ho Nui Coc diversion canal (used for the purpose of supplying water to the domestic water supply plant) at the construction site of Dan bridge Dredges, surface water at Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches (used for agricultural production activities). However, the impacts caused by domestic wastewater is considered as “LOW” due to: (i) the volume of domestic wastewater generated daily in each workers’ camp is not large, and the Contractor also uses local labor or rents the household houses, therefore, the amount of wastewater generated is lower than the calculated amount; (ii) impact is localized in each workers’ camp; (iii) discontinuous discharge of wastewater during the day; (iv) Short construction time (15-24 months, depending on construction items). Impacts caused by domestic wastewater can be mitigated through appropriate management and technical measures for each construction site. 2. Construction wastewater Construction wastewater is mainly generated from the activitiesi) concrete mixing for building bridges and embankments; (ii) washing materials and equipment for construction. - Concrete mixing activities at the construction site use concrete mixers of 250 liters, total capacity of 30 m3/h. According to the document, Technologies for concrete and special concrete by Pham Duy Huu – The Construction Publishing House 2009, the amount of water needed for concrete mixing with a capacity of 30m3/h is 9.69m3 of water for washing aggregate and 5.4 m3 water for concrete mixing. Of which, 80% of the aggregate wash water amount will be recycled and reused. As a result, wastewater in the concrete mixing process at the construction site is 20% x 9.69 = 1.94 (m3/h). On average, the concrete mixing takes place within 02 hours per day, so the amount of wastewater generated from concrete mixing is 1.94 x 2 = 3.88 m3 per day. - The amount of wastewater used to wash the construction equipment is estimated at 0.5 m3 per day. Thus, the amount of wastewater at each construction site is 4.38 m3/day, equivalent to 39.42 m3/day for all 9 works. Construction wastewater typically has a high pH (typically pH> 12), contains a high content of suspended solids and no toxic ingredients. This amount of construction wastewater, if not treated, will cause sedimentation, which will affect the receiving water bodies. The affected water bodies include Cau river, Mo Linh stream, Xuong Rong ditch and Mo Bach ditch. In reality, this amount of wastewater is reused to moisten the materials or to moisten the excavation/backfilling areas on the construction site. At the same time, the amount of waste generated at each construction site is small, the construction period is short (15-24 months), the impact is considered locally at the construction site. Moreover, the frequency of wastewater generated from the concrete mixing process is discontinuous. Therefore, the impacts caused by construction wastewater are assessed as “LOW” and are mitigable. Page | 153 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 3. Run-off rainwater Rainwater is considered as clean water if it is not exposed to pollutants such as wastewater, exhaust gases, polluted soil and sludge, etc. The main affected objects are the water bodies at the receiving area of run-off rainwater on the construction site. Pollution elements in run-off rainwater in the construction phase mainly include soil, stone, oil, grease, domestic waste washed out by rainwater and becoming a source of pollution to the surface water, groundwater and soil. The amount of run-off rainwater in the subproject area is determined according to the following formula: W = ψ x q x F/1000 (m3/day) Of which: - W: Volume of run-off rainwater, m3; - Ψ: Surface flow coefficient, ψ = 0.2 – 0.95, selected ψ = 0,2 (because the subproject area has many trees, canals and crops land); - q: Maximum daily rainfall at calculated zone, 100mm; - F: Area of calculated zone (m2). Calculation results of run-off volume at the construction sites of the Subproject are shown in Table 71. Table 71: Run-off at construction sites Flow Q (m3) Southnorth Phan Huong Huong road and Dong Bam Xuong Dinh Thuong - Dan Le Huu Mo Bach Son No. Items Huong residential Rong Phung Chua Hang bridge Trac road ditch kindergar Thuong area road ditch kindergar road ten bridge ten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Surface area (m2) 131,200 138,425 67,200 7,744 45,900 14,550 28,400 5,974 3,330 Calculated rainfall 2 intensity (mm) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3 Surface flow coefficient 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Run-off rainwater 4 volume (m3) 2,624 2,769 1,344 155 918 291 568 119 67 According to the research by WHO, concentration of pollutants in runoff rainwater is typically from 0.5 and 1.5 mg N/l; 0.004 - 0.03 mg P/l; 10 - 20 mg COD/l and 10 - 20 mg TSS/l. The receiving sources of runoff rainwater are Cau river, Mo Linh stream, Xuong Rong ditch and Mo Bach ditch. Rainwater runs off over the construction site, swept away with the objects, loose rock, soil, surface mineral salts and leak oil and grease, which will increase the content of suspended substances, organic matters, increased turbidity, oil and grease in the water, causing adverse impacts on the aquatic ecosystem of the water source. If there are no rainwater drainage ditches, run-off rainwater can affect the construction items such as damaging or destroying the items under construction. Impacts occurr during the rainy season from May to September. However, the impact caused by runoff rainwater is assessed as “LOW” because: - The construction site is regularly cleaned up by the workers, thus limiting objects, loose soil, rock swept away by rainwater. - At each construction site, rainwater drainage systems are arranged properly. - The construction activities mainly take place in the dry season with short construction time. Impacts caused by run-off rainwater are mitigable through appropriate technical and management measures. Page | 154 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 4.4.1.3. Impacts of solid waste 1. Construction solid waste Causes of solid waste generation during construction include excavation, backfilling, ground leveling, dredging of waste sludge, transportation of materials and residual solid waste, construction activities; maintenance of vehicles and construction equipment, etc. Solid wastes include soil, stone, sand from excavation and scattering. In addition, there are also scrap steel, iron, kinds of cement bags; wood chips and broken bricks, etc. Table 72: Volume of solid waste during construction of work items Volume of solid waste (ton) Southnorth Huong Huong Phan Dinh road and Dong Bam Xuong Thuong - Dan Le Huu Mo Bach Son Phung No. Rate of loss Huong residential Rong Chua Hang bridge Trac road ditch kinderg kindergart Thuong area road ditch road arten en bridge 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Volume of 1 materials 507,359 804,629 498,558 11,882 276,710 59,328 14,872 11,305 3,364 Minor loss rate 2 (0.005%) 25.37 40.23 24.93 0.59 13.84 2.97 0.74 0.57 0.17 Significant loss 3 rate (0.01%) 50.74 80.46 49.86 1.19 27.67 5.93 1.49 1.13 0.34 Note: The loss rate of materials according to norm of building materials as stipulated in Dispatch No. 1784/BXD-VP dated August 16, 2007 and Dispatch No.1776/BXD-VP, dated August 16, 2007 of the Ministry of Construction However, these wastes, if not well controlled, can interfere with construction and increase the amount of dust in and around the construction site, affecting workers and people living nearby the subproject area. The residential areas can be affected, including those nearby Huong Son kindergarten, Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten, Southnorth road and Huong Thuong bridge and at the end of Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road. In addition, after the construction process, some other types of solid waste such as broken bricks, scrap steel, iron, cement bags can be generated. However, these types of solid waste are reusable or sold to demanding units, so these types of solid waste are less likely to be discharge into the external environment. This impact is assessed as “LOW” due to: (i) Minor volume of waste generation and localized impact in the construction site; (ii) Short-term construction duration; (iii) daily collection and transportation of solid waste to the local disposal sites of Da Mai and Tich Luong ward twice a week. Simultaneously, this impact is mitigable through the mitigation measures set forth in ECOPs. 2. Domestic solid waste Domestic solid waste is generated from the daily activities of the workers in the camps. The main components of domestic solid waste include biodegradable organic substances and non- biodegradable inorganic substances such as nylon bags, bottles and old personal items. Average generation volume of domestic solid waste is about 0.3 - 0.5 kg/person/day (Vietnam National Environment Report 2011 - Solid Waste), with the number of 30-70 workers per construction site. The amount of domestic solid waste is shown in Table 73. Table 73: Volume of daily waste at construction sites Page | 155 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Volume of waste No. Items Workers (kg/day) 1 Southnorth road & Huong Thuong bridge 60 18 - 30 2 Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road 70 21 - 35 3 Dong Bam residential area road 40 12 - 20 4 Dan bridge 30 9 - 15 5 Le Huu Trac road 60 18 – 30 6 Xuong Rong drainage ditch 40 12 - 20 7 Mo Bach stream drainage ditch 50 15 – 25 8 Huong Son kindergarten 30 9 - 15 9 Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten 30 9 - 15 Total 410 123 - 185 According to Table 73, total average volume of domestic solid waste of the Subproject is 154 kg/day, with the construction duration from 15 to 24 months and total volume of domestic solid waste from 69.3 – 110.88 tons. If domestic solid waste is not collected and treated properly: - It can obstruct the flow during the construction process, creating the premise for inundation, flow congestion (at the building location of Huong Thuong bridge, Mo Linh 1, Mo Linh 2, Dan bridge, Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches). - It can obstruct traffic when transporting construction materials to the construction sites and construction activities of workers (mainly concentrated on construction of the Southnorth road, Huong Thuong-Chua Hang road, Dong Bam road and Le Huu Trac road). - Solid domestic wastes containing organic matters, containing pathogenic agents if not properly collected, transported and treated, will cause significant risks to the water and air environment as well as indirectly affect health of the people and construction workers (in all 9 works). However, the impact caused by domestic waste is assessed as "LOW" and are mitigable because: (i) the amount of waste generated on each site is minor and collected daily by the construction workers; (ii) impact is localized at the construction sites; (iii) The contractor employs local labor to limit the amount of domestic waste generated; (iv) workers’ camps are concentrated far from the residential areas. 3. Hazardous solid waste Hazardous waste sources from construction of the subproject items: (i) oil contaminated materials from machine maintenance; (ii) wasted asphalt from road construction; (iii) empty bags, lubricating oil containers, asphalt, oil, petroleum and painting tanks; (iv) excessive oil, welding rods; (v) Batteries, light bulbs, and cartridges from office at the site. Volume of hazardous materials depends on the number of equipment/machines, workers and materials: - Maintenance of construction equipment, vehicles, and machines at the site will discharge lubricating oil residue, oil bottles and oil-contaminated rags, etc. (about 5kg/month). If the wastes are not collected and treated, they will affect beautiful landscape, contaminate surface and underground water in subproject area. The Subproject Owner should propose hazardous material collected and treated measures in compliance with regulations (Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT on waste management) to mitigate environmental impacts. All maintenance and reparation activities of construction equipment and machines must be carried out in reparation centers. - Asphalt is a liquid or semi-solid substance which has high viscosity and black color. This is petrochemical products whose main component is bituminous; it can cause Page | 156 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject damages or negative impacts on environment and people’s health unless being stored or used in line with technical process. Especially, dense asphalt which is stored at high temperature may cause fires, explosion or burning in the course of transportation and use. Wasted asphalt must be collected and kept in specialized tanks for hazardous materials, then, it will be transported and treated by a Unit hired by the Subproject Owner in accordance with regulations on hazardous material management. Volume of wasted asphalt is estimated about 10kg/month/construction site. - Amount of generated wastes from bags, oil containers, and asphalt, oil, petroleum and painting tanks is insignificant (about 10-30 kg/month of each site). However, the wastes will affect beautiful landscape and cause soil and water contamination risks unless being collected. - Welding rods at the site from the activities of shaping steel frame. It is estimated about 5-7% of excessive welding rods equivalent to 1.5kg (for a bridge) rods which need to be collected. However, welding rods are generated discontinuously and with few amount, it will be collected in regulated hazardous material yards. - Amount of hazardous wastes from office activities are insignificant, about 1-3kg/month for 1 site. Uncollected hazardous materials will impact: - Grease and oil penetrated into water will directly affect aquatic animals in canals at subproject area (Cau River, Mo Linh stream, Xuong Rong, Moc Bach streams, Ho Nui Coc canal, etc.). This will curb the growth and development and may kill aquatic species. - Heavy metal by chains will penetrate in foods and affect people’s health. - Because river bank areas at the subproject site are agricultural land, river water pumped for irrigation may be contaminated with grease, oil and heavy metal, leading to limited growth of plants and pollution of cultivation land. However, hazardous waste generated level in the construction site is assessed to be not high, localized in each area and short-time in construction period. Hazardous materials will be collected, managed and treated in accordance with regulations on hazardous waste collection and management. The impacts are considered as LOW and mitigable through management and treatment measures which are suitable to each site. 4.4.1.4. Impacts on Physical Cultural Resources The construction of subproject items including transport roads, bridges, ditches, kindergartens during requires soil excavation at different depths: (i) piling embankment foot at depth from 8 to12m (embankment of Mo Bach and Xuong Rong ditches); (ii) drilling piles or pre-cast pile to construct bridge piers/abutment at the depth of 20m (05 bridges of Huong Thuong, Dan, expressway flyovers, 2 bridges cross Mo Linh stream); (iii) excavation of organic soil to build roadbase at the depth of 0.5m from the road surface (04 roads and 02 kindergartens). Chance find can be encounter into during carrying out these activities. However, possibility of chance find is low because almost all items are constructed on existing base (Xuong Rong, Moc Bach ditches, Dan Bridge, Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten); moreover, the excavated and drilled depth is not deep; subproject area is not the place which has many physical, cultural and archeological values. However, chance find will be compliance with regulated finding procedures (in ECOP). 4.4.1.5. Transport interruption Construction of 04 roads (in which there are 4 bridges of Huong Thuong, Mo Linh 1, Mo Linh 2 and bridges crossing National Highway 3) and Dan bridge will impacts transport activities in subproject areas. At local intersections, people’s travel will be affected. Because 04 bridges on these roads are new, people’s travel in the region will not be affected, excepting for Dan Bridge Page | 157 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject which plays an important role in connection to Ho Nui Coc tourism Area and Tan Cuong Tea Region – crucial tourism destinations of Thai Nguyen province. Construction of Dan Bridge will affect transport activities within 18 months, affecting 500 local households in both bridge ends and 12,000 vehicle trips/day (motorbikes, cars, passenger buses, trucks). However, during construction of bridges and roads, temporary paths will be arranged for facilitate local people’s travel. Successive construction methods is to be applied to avoid traffic congestions. Expectedly, these impacts will be stopped upon completion of road and bridge construction; the items are supported strongly by local people, thus the impacts are considered to be LOW and mitigable through mitigation measures during construction. Figure 30: Current status of bridges and intersection point at subproject area 4.4.1.6. Social impacts, women and children ❖ Social impacts Social impacts mainly related to the labor influx from other provinces to the subproject area and construction activities. It is expected to construct 09 sites with 30-70 workers/site. The impacts affect people surrounding subproject area and local infrastructure, including: - (i) Conflicts between construction workers and local people because of differences in terms of habits, customs, culture, lifestyle, job creation and income. The impacts may be more severe in construction site with crowded residents such as Huong Son, Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten, Xuong rong and Mo Bach ditches. - (ii) Conflicts between local people and Contractor due to wastes generated from construction activities such as dust, solid waste, hazardous materials and spoils, causing negative impacts on plants, rice and crops or erosion and landslide leading to burial of crops on lands along North-South route and Huong Thuong Bridge, Huong Thuong road – Chua Hang, Dong Bam road, Le Huu Trac road. - (iii) Domestic wastewater and wastes released from worker camps into the environment may cause conflicts with local community. Conflicts may be occurred from workers who use local resources such as water and food, leading to price increase. - (iv) Crowded workers can cause social disturbances and other issues related to security, social evils as gamble, prostitution and drug use. Besides, workers in some locations within or near residential areas (Huong Son, Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten, Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches) may conflicts with local people because of uncollected and untreated wastewater and wastes which cause negative impacts on local people such as malodor, environmental landscape and health. - (v) Use of local workers for the subproject will contribute to reducing potential risks of child labor abuse which affects mental and physical health and development capacity of children, and limiting conflicts with local community. - (vi) Impacts on existing infrastructure and related services:  Transportation of materials and construction wastes (use 10-ton trucks) may lead to deterioration of transport infrastructure (Quang Trung, Cach Mang Thang 8, Page | 158 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Bac Can, Luong Ngoc Quyen roads, PR 265, etc.).  Activities of cranes, excavators may break existing electrical wires along NH in sections with urban and residential areas Huong Son, Phan Dinh Phung kindergartens, Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches)  North-South route and Huong Thuong bridge, Huong Thuong – Chua Hang roads, Dong Bam road, Le Huu Trac road will cut rice field, leading to interruption of irrigation activities. - (vii) Disturbed transport and increased traffic risks: construction equipment and machines used for the subprojects will increase traffic density in local roads (Quang Trung, Cach Mang Thang 8, Bac Can, Luong Ngoc Quyen roads, PR 265, etc.), contributing to traffic disturbances and accidental risks, traffic congestion. However, social impacts are assessed as “LOW” because: (i) number of workers in 09 subproject area are various; these impacts are localized in construction site; (ii) Contractor will utilize local labors in construction activities, apply measures controlling ages of hired labors; (iii) impacts mainly happens in construction period and in short period of time; (iv) irrigation and drainage ditches will be newly built and connected to existing system before old ditches being dismantled; (v) traffic density and frequency in subproject area is low. Therefore, social impacts may be controlled by mitigation measures taken during the construction period. ❖ Impacts on women There is a concentration of 30-70 workers on a construction site, in which men account for about 75% and women represent about 25%. This can cause social disturbances, affecting directly women on the construction site or women living around the subproject area and their families during the construction phase. At some previous similar works, unmarried women may be marginalized in making homes or they will become single mothers. Married women can be affected with their current family happiness. In addition, they may be exposed to infectious diseases, social diseases including HIV/AIDS, syphilis and so on. If this impact occurs, it will cause mental and psychological disturbances to women and long-term impacts (their next generation may be affected). This impact only occurs during the construction process of work items (15-24 months). However, the impact on women is considered INSIGNIFICANT because: (i) According to socio-economic survey results, the subproject area has not been reported any negative impacts on women at construction sites: (ii) Number of working women is insignificant and Contractors give priorities to hire local labor; (iii) Training, information disclosure for workers on social diseases and prevention are carried out; (iv) Development of rules, regulations, sanctions and responsibilities for construction workers is also implemented at each construction site; (v) The contractor coordinates with local authorities to manage number of workers at the site. ❖ Use children labor In order to reduce the cost in construction of works items, some jobs do not require high qualifications, thus, there is potential risk that the Contractor employs child labor (according to Vietnamese regulations, children are understood to be under 15 years old). Due to limited knowledge, children may be subjected to abuse of labor force that affects their psychology, health and learning abilities. However, the impact is assessed at INSIGNIFICANT level because: (i) According to the socio-economic survey, the subproject area has not been recorded any issues related to the use of child labor; (ii) The contractor commits not to recruit child labor for the subproject implementation; (iii) The Subproject Owner coordinates with the local authority and relevant agencies to strictly control the use of labors of the Contractor; (iv) No use of child labor is one of the required conditions in the bidding documents. 4.4.1.7. Generic risks during the construction phase Page | 159 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 1. Risk of fire, explosion and fuel leakage Fire and explosion can occur in the following situations: (i) transportation and storage of fuel; (ii) temporary power supply system or the use of generators failing the safety requirements can cause electrical problems and lead to fire; (iii) fire due to welding, asphalt burning; (iv) gas leaks when cooking from workers camps; (v) the operation process of machines, welding and means of transport using petrol and diesel without complying with fire regulations. If fire or explosion occurs, serious damage can occur, affecting: - Lives of workers and local people; - Major impacts on natural environment (air, soil, biological resources, etc.); - Psychology, confusion for local people and communities; - Lives, economy and society at the surrounding area; - Damage to the works under construction and adjacent infrastructures. The Client and contractors will prepare a specific plan for emergency response to fire and explosion incidents on the construction site. At the same time, contractors shall carry out fire prevention and fighting and strictly comply with prevention measures from leakage, fire and explosion. Fire prevention will be carried out by the Contractor on a regular basis to minimize the possibility of incidents and reduce the magnitude of negative impacts. 2. Risk of working at height and working on water surface Risks from working at height can occur during the construction process of works including Huong Son, Phan Dinh Phung kindergartens and National Highway No 3 overpass (under Le Huu Trac road). The risk of working on water surface can happen during the construction process of Huong Thuong, Mo Linh 1, Mo Linh 2, Dan bridges and improvement of two Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches. Workers are affected people. Workers can get risk falling down to a height of 2 to 10 meters (during the process of construction or operation of machine and equipment) to hard surface or into water causing injury or death to workers; or construction materials and machinery falling down from 2 to 10 meters high, can injury workers under construction on the ground. The causes of this risk are: (i) Carelessness of workers during the construction process; (ii) errors of technical equipment, machines, scaffolds; (iii) Lack of safety equipment at the construction site; (iv) Lack of training on safety and knowledge technologies, inability of employees and lack of knowledge to predict potential risks and ways to avoid accidents; (v) Working without wearing any personal protective equipment can increase the probability of unexpected accidents. This risk is assessed as HIGH without appropriate mitigation measures. 3. Risk of short circuit and electric shock Short circuit and electric shock can occur because: (i) construction vehicles may break existing electric lines at the construction site; (ii) the temporary power supply system for machines and equipment during the construction process can cause short circuit, electric shock, etc.; (iii) the use of generator is unsafe. If these incidents occur, they will affect health or life of workers, local people living near the subproject area and cause damage to property, affect psychology of local people in the area. The Client and contractor will develop a specific plan for emergency response to short circuit and electric shock on the construction site. Contractors should regularly inspect electrical systems and wires, train workers on occupational safety and fire safety to minimize the possibility of incidents and reduce the magnitude of negative impacts. 4. Risk of safety and health ❖ Safety and public health risks The site demolition process can result in accident risks to local people as well as dismantling workers; Page | 160 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject The risks of traffic accidents, work accidents, fire and explosion incidents, short circuit and electric shocks related to construction activities will also affect safety of community; In the construction phase, there are more construction workers (there are between 30 and 70 workers at each construction site) to temporarily reside in the locality and so on. Medical examination and treatment for community at health stations will get more difficulties in cases of spreading of diseases including dengue fever, malaria, diarrhea, red eyes, etc. Without effective management of the camps, solid wastes and stagnant waste water, the environment will be polluted. This creates favorable conditions for flies and mosquitoes to thrive and can develop diseases including diarrhea, dengue fever, etc. These diseases affect health of local community. Concentration of workers may also lead to an increase in social evils including prostitution, gambling, etc. It may lead to an increased risk of HIV/AIDS infection and other sexually transmitted diseases in the locality. The transportation process of raw materials and fuel, resulting in an increase of traffic vehicles on the existing roads, smoke, dust and noise from construction activities will also have impacts on health and safety risks of local people. The impact magnitude is predicted from small to medium level because: (i) impacts are local at each construction site; (ii) construction time is not too long from 15-24 months; (iii) number of workers are from 30 to 70 workers per site, moreover the contractor employs local staff; (iv) workers are trained on occupational safety, traffic safety, environmental sanitation and so on. This impact can be mitigated through ECOPs. ❖ Risk of worker safety and health Construction activities including excavation, backfilling, leveling, loading and unloading of building materials, operation of equipment (excavators, cranes, trucks, welding machines and concrete mixers), and construction at height or on water surface and so on contain the risk of labor accidents, traffic accidents or the risk affecting health of workers without appropriate control measures. In addition, the storage and use of fuels including electricity, gas and petrol can be at the risks such as electric shock, fire; explosion, gas leak, etc. This will directly affect health and safety of workers. Occupational accidents can happen during any construction phase of the subproject. Work accidents during the construction process can be caused by: - Workers working on rivers (embankments, bridges and rivers) are at risk of drowning, and workers working at height (construction of high-rise buildings) may fall owning to carelessness or fatigue or non-compliance with the labor safety during the construction process in the area; - Health condition: Especially workers work outdoors under hot weather (temperature can be up to 380C - 400C in summer); - Operation of machines and equipment is used for unloading materials, equipment, dredging, excavation, construction and transportation of materials; - Landslide occurs in deeply-excavated areas, abutments, embankments; - Injury is caused by insect bites or broken glass when working in the bushes during site clearance process; - Extreme weather conditions including heavy rain, storms, flash floods or extremely hot; - Demolition of the existing bridges: Accidents can occur if people and vehicles travel on the bridges which are being destroyed; - The risks of infectious diseases, social diseases and sexually transmitted diseases. In general, the risk to safety and health of workers is assessed as "LOW" because: (i) impacts are localized at the construction site and scattered in the local subprojects area; (ii) construction Page | 161 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject time of work items is short; (iii) the contractor equips workers with protective equipment, arranges reasonable construction time and provides training to ensure traffic safety and occupational safety on the construction site; (iv) Fuel storage areas are not located near the camp and are regularly inspected to minimize the risk of fire and explosion; (v) Training on fire and explosion prevention and fighting will be implemented; (vi) Propaganda, dissemination and guidelines in the prevention of infectious diseases and sexually transmitted diseases will be carried out. These impacts are mitigable through appropriate solutions including training on occupational safety and traffic safety, etc. before and during the construction and provision process of adequate protective equipment for workers. 5. On-Site Flooding The on-site flooding can be derived from ground excavation and leveling which cut drainage system in combination with heavy rain. If temporary drainage system is not arranged, on-site flooding will affect workers, local residents and construction site. Long-lasting flooding can (ii) lose local beautiful landscape, affect environmental sanitation and cause potential congestion-related epidemics; (iii) damage construction works. Items which are prone to flooding: Xuong Rong, Mo Bach ditches, Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung kindergartens, Dan Bridge. On-site flooding mainly happens in rainy season (from May to September). The on-site flooding is assessed to be MEDIUM because: (i) in Thai Nguyen the stormwater and wastewater drain in a common drainage system; (ii) Xuong Rong, Mo Bach ditches are drainage canals but have small and narrow bed; (iii) inner drainage culvert system is small and the water is quickly stagnated when it rains. However, the flooding can be mitigated by technical measures. (a) Hoang Van Thu road (b) Luong Ngoc Quyen road (c) Minh Cau road (d) Huong Son road Figure 31: Flooding due to heavy rain in Thai Nguyen city center 4.4.2. Site specific impacts 1. Impacts on water environment Rehabilitation and construction of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches and 04 bridges (Huong Page | 162 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Thuong, Mo Linh 1, Mo Linh 2, Dan) require excavation, backfilling and dredge which cause a large volume of spoils. Excavation and backfilling for reinforcement of embankment, piers and abutment as well as dredge of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches will contribute to increase in suspended solid wastes which are swept away toward the downstream. In addition, the run- off may sweep pollutants in the area (construction materials, soil, sand, grease and wastes, etc.) to water bodies (Cau river, Mo Linh stream, Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches), causing water pollution. This will leading to increasing suspended substances in water, affecting habitats of plants and animals in the subproject area. However, there are no endemic animals and plants found in the area. Excavation, backfilling and dredging activities are taken place in dry seasons when water in rivers and ditches is at lowest level. Therefore, impacts are taken place within 15-24 months for each bridge, embankment and will be stopped until the works are in operation. In conclusion, impacts are considered to be from low to medium, temporary and mitigable. Cau River (item 1) Ho Nui Coc diversion canal (item 4) Xuong Rong ditch (item 6) Mo Bach ditch (item 7) Figure 32: Surface water at some subproject sites 2. Erosion and subsidence impacts and damages on existing infrastructure During construction, some activities such as piling in embankment foot; pile drilling for construction of abutments/piers; excavation of existing soil can cause subsistence or damages on surrounding areas. Constructed items which have potential impacts on surrounding structures include: bridge across NH3, Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches, Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung kindergartens. The impact level is considered to be high in case of rain whereas it is assessed to be LOW because: (i) construction activities are occurred in dry season; (ii) the impacts are localized and in short time in construction areas; (iii) piling and pile drilling are carried out in sparsely populated area and about 50m from surrounding infrastructure; (iv) construction activities of Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung kindergartens near residential areas mainly are excavation of organic soil ground at a depth of 0.5m; (v) construction on stable Page | 163 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject ground. The impacts can be controlled by monitoring in combination with suitable construction methods and measures. Area of bridge across NH3 Area of Huong Son kindergarten Area of Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten Figure 33: Existing structures in construction sites 3. Impacts on waterway transport Out of 05 bridges across rivers (Huong Thuong, Mo Linh 1, Mo Linh 2 and Dan bridge), there is only Huong Thuong bridge is cross Cau river which has waterway activities. Within 20 months of construction, waterway transportation will be affected or circulation width will be narrowed down. However, the transportation are operated at low rate and frequent (1-2 trips/day). Normally, the activities are transportation of agricultural products by small boats. Thus, the impacts are considered to be at low level. The Subproject Owner and Contractor will closely work with local waterway management agency to grasp information about alternative ways for boats so that impacts can be mitigated. Figure 34: Waterway transportation in Cau River through Huong Thuong Bridge 4. Impacts on school activities of Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten Construction of Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten will require dismantlement of existing one, two- floor buildings, leading to disturbances to teaching and learning of 350 children and 26 teachers in Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten. According to the survey results, consultation with the President of the Kindergarten and the construction plan and methods of the work items, the teachers… teachers and children will move to another place to continue the school activities. Such impacts consist of: (i) interruption of teaching and learning activities of Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten; (ii) impacts on children’s psychophysiology when moving to another place; (iii) Impacts on teaching activities due to lack of teaching aids; (iv) impacts on daily activities e.i parents pick up children to school; (v) disturbances to daily activities of residents surrounding Page | 164 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject new teaching and learning place; (vi) impacts on transport conditions in the new place. However, such impacts are assessed at MEDIUM level because: - Impacts are localized in new teaching and learning place; - Short-time and discontinuous impacts during construction (15 months), impacts are severe in 1-2 month after removal and gradually ease with time. - Temporary place is about 0.5 – 2.0 km away from existing kindergarten, so local transport activities will be insignificantly affected; - The temporary place is in Phan Dinh Phung ward and almost all children are living in the ward, so local community’s daily activities will not be disturbed. After Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten is rebuilt and come into operation, teaching and learning conditions and aids will be highly improved. It can be seen that positive impacts will be much higher in comparison with the impacts caused by removal to temporary place. In addition, the impacts from removal can be mitigated by suitable mitigation measures. Figure 35: Current status of existing infrastructure of Phan Dinh Phung Kindergarten 5. Impacts of Malodors from dredged spoils Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches will be dredged with a length of 3,200 m and 3,854m respectively and at a depth from 0.5-1.0m, about 0.8m on average. Total dredged sludge volume from the two ditches is 30,050 m3(mainly organic sludge), in which there are 24,400m3 from Mo Bach and 5,650m3 from Xuong Rong. The dredged sludge will be loaded on specialized trucks and transported to Da Mai gathering site or Tich Luong landfill. However, the activities will disturb the current balance, evaporate persistent organic compounds and cause offensive malodors. Gases emitted from anaerobic digestion are NH3, H2S, CH4, amines, organic acids, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), etc. Malodors from dredged spoils will cause direct impacts on workers and local residents near subproject areas. In addition, sludge contains pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and helminthes, parasites which can affect workers’ and local people’s health. Dredged spoils in Xuong Rong ditch Page | 165 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Dredged spoils in Mo Bach ditch Figure 36: Current status of ditches needing to be dredged ❖ Malodor from dredged spoils According to findings from Cambridge Environmental Research on malodor intensity: - Malodor detection: 1 Ou/m3 - Slight malodor: 5 Ou/m3 - Distinctive malodors with strong smell: 10 Ou/m3 Because of similarity about natural conditions between work items to be dredged by the subproject and other items in Thai Nguyen city, the malodor emission from the sludge ranges from 5.42 - 8.42 Ou/m3. Impacts from the malodors are forecasted by Screen View model and shown in Figure 37. Figure 37: Malodor from dredging process ❖ Exhaust gases from dredged spoils Dredged spoils can have stink from organic sediment, clay sediment or malodors from NH3 and CH4 in the process of anaerobic digestion in water. Gas emission from dredged materials is forecasted and shown in Figure 38 and Figure 39. Page | 166 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Figure 38: NH3 emission from dredged sludge Figure 39: CH4 emission from dredged sludge According to results from Figure 37, Figure 38 and Figure 39: - Offensive malodor from construction site is at LOW level. - Emission from dredged materials is not high and lower than allowable limits (200 µg/m3) at QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation on hazardous substances in ambient air. Therefore, impacts from malodors and emission of dredged spoils from Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches are assessed at LOW level: (i) distance from residents to the work items is >50m; (ii) successive construction methods applied in the course of construction, thus, impacts are localized within dredging area; (iii) dredged sludge is transported to Da Mai gathering site or Tich Luong landfill; (iv) dredged sludge load is not large; (v) the dredging is taken place in construction period (about 20-24 months). At the same time, the malodor and exhaust gases from dredged materials can be mitigated through dredged material management plans which are suitable to construction measures and local conditions. 6. Water leakage from dredged materials during dredging of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches Total volume of sludge to be dredged for 02 items of Mo Bach and Xuong Rong ditches is 30,050 m3. Sludge is transported by specialized vehicles from the construction site to the disposal site of dredged materials – Da Mai and Tich Luong ward disposal sites. However, sludge is dewatered before transporting, estimated at 20% of total dredged sludge volume. Thus, the total amount of water leaking from the dredged materials is 6,010 m3, equivalent to 16.69 m3/day. This water volume is led back to Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches. Results of Page | 167 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject sediment monitoring at Xuong Xuong and Mo Bach ditches showed that the sludge showed no sign of contamination with heavy metals, so the seepage water compositions contained high content of TSS, affecting aquatic life of the receiving sources. Impacts are assessed as LOW because: (i) Impacts are localized at the construction site; (ii) Volume of seepage water is minor and led back to Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches with low speed and flow to limit turbidity to the receiving sources; (iii) Aquatics in two ditches are mainly normal species with low economic value; (iv) dredging does not occur at time of water supply for agricultural production. These impacts are mitigable through the dredged material management plan which has been prepared in relevant with the construction methods and local conditions. Figure 40: Reference image of sludge dredging from canals and ditches 7. Impacts on agricultural production activities The Subproject implementation will affect 862 households on agricultural production (rice and crops). The impacts on agricultural production of the Subproject are as follows: - Although construction activities are carried out in a sequential manner, it may affect agricultural production activities at different stages of sowing, planting and harvesting. - Overflow water from the site, if not properly managed, can contaminate irrigation water and soil, affecting yield of crops. - Construction waste and domestic waste, if not regularly collected, can lead to the sedimentation of agricultural land areas. - Improper collection of materials at locations will affect the access of local people to farming areas. - Domestic wastes, construction wastes, wastewater, if not well controlled, will directly affect cultivation households. - Excavation and embankment activities can increase the turbidity of the water, affecting irrigation. - Construction of the roads can separate agricultural land areas, local roads, affecting the movement and cultivation of local people. Impacts on agricultural production take place in the Southnorth road and Huong Thuong bridge, Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road, Dong Bam road, Le Huu Trac road, Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches. However, the impacts are assessed as LOW because: (i) the items are contructed on successive basis, therefore, these impacts are localized only at the construction site: (ii) the Subproject Owner and Contractor arrange the temporary roads if construction activities affect traffic circulation; (iii) the Subproject Owner and Contractor will arrange water supply and drainage for agricultural production areas; (iv) Wastewater and waste are collected daily by workers and local authorities; (v) Time for excavation and embankment is arranged appropriately and inform Page | 168 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject local communities and limit excavation and embankment in water bodies at the time of water supply for agricultural production; (vi) Impacts will only occur during construction and end when the works comes into operation (15-24 months). Figure 41: Current status of agricultural production 8. Impacts on groundwater quality Pile driving or drilling activities at the distance of 8 - 20 m at the construction sites of Huong Thuong, Mo Linh 1, Mo Linh 2, Dan bridges and NH3 overpass or at 02 ditches of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach may affect groundwater because: - When passing through shallow water layers (12 ÷ 20 m), part of the pile body with bentonite containing additives will be submerged in the water cascade complex. Bentonite with potential toxic additives will penetrate this complex and infiltrate into the water fountains containing pollutants from the piles. - During construction, contaminated surface water will overflow in the gaps between the spaces and the underground boreholes. When intruded, dirt can contaminate groundwater. These impacts are considered as LOW because most of bentonite volume is collected to minimize impacts on surface water and groundwater. In addition, the pile driving only happens in the dry season when water level and water use demands in this area are low in short-term (about 1 – 2 weeks) and localized at the construction site. 9. Impacts on traffic at the construction sites of bridges The Subproject will build 5 bridges, however, the three bridges of Huong Thong, Mo Linh 1 and Mo Linh 2 are built on the new route, and therefore, they will not affect current traffic circulation. Construction of two bridges, including Dan bridge and National Highway 3 overpass (on Le Huu Trac road) will affect traffic circulation at the construction site of the bridges. ❖ Dan bridge Dan bridge is built on Quang Trung road which plays an important role in traffic connection to Ho Nui Coc tourist area and Tan Cuong tea area, at the same time being one of the important tourism destinations of Thai Nguyen province. The construction of Dan bridge will affect traffic within approximately 18 months, affecting about 500 households living on the two bridge ends, affecting about 12,000 vehicle trips per day (including motorcycles, cars, passenger cars and trucks). However, impacts on traffic at the construction site of Dan bridge are considered as LOW because: (i) the works will build each compartment, therefore, Dan bridge will be maintained to ensure current traffic circulation. Dan bridge will be destroyed and rebuilt after Compartment 1 is completed; (ii) the Contractor will equip traffic signs and arrange staff to direct traffic during the construction period of the bridge. Page | 169 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Figure 42: Traffic status at construction site of Dan bridge ❖ National Highway 3 overpass National Highway 3 overpass is built on Le Huu Trac road. At present, National Highway 3 overpass has one compartment with the width of 8.0m. The works will build additional compartment 2 of the width B = 8.0m to the right of compartment 1 (towards the end of the route). The construction will not affect traffic on the existing Le Huu Trac road; however, it will affect traffic on National Highway 3 with potential risks of traffic accidents due to high speed of 100km/h in maximum and high density from 6am to 6pm every day. This is an important route to connect Hanoi and the Northern mountainous provinces; therefore the traffic flow passing through the area is huge. However, the impacts are assessed as MEDIUM because: (i) The Subproject Owner and the Contractor will arrange speed limit signs when passing through the construction site, and arrange attention signs, etc. These signs are arranged at appropriate distances of approximately 2 km from the construction site in both ways; (ii) The construction time is not too long (about 3-4 months); (iii) impacts are localized only at the construction site; (iv) The construction plan is publically informed to the local communities via the mass media such as television, broadcasting or newspapers, etc.; (v) The construction method is successive and the construction mainly takes place at nights with the sufficient provision of lighting system at the construction site and at instructive areas; (vi) Close coordination with the highway authority will be made to have appropriate measures for traffic diversion and construction; and (vii) the Subproject Owner should obtain permission from the NH3 authority beforce commencement of construction. Figure 43: Traffic status at National Highway 3 overpass 10. Business interruption Construction of the Southnorth road, Huong Thuong-Chua Hang road, Le Huu Trac road will affect 74 business households (small business of daily consumers such as cake, candy, fruits, vegetables and coffee restaurants). In addition to risks of safety, noise and dust from construction activities and construction equipment, business households may temporarily experience business disruption (15 to 20 months) due to limited marketing. However, theses impacts are assessed as LOW because: (i) construction items are constructed on a successive basis, thus interruption of business activities is localized (within scope of household); (ii) short- Page | 170 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject term impact duration (2-3 months for each household); (iii) when the subproject goes into operation, it will contribute to the development of the household business. These impacts are mitigable through the Resettlement Action Plan which has been separately prepared for the Subproject. Figure 44: Status of production and business at the subproject area 11. Dust and exhausted gases from welding stage The construction of bridge items such as Dan bridge, Mo Linh 1 and Mo Linh 2 bridges, and National Highway 3 overpass and Huong Thuong bridge will definitely be involved in welding. The types of chemicals contained in welding rod will generate smoke that contains toxic substances, causing environment pollution and affect the health of the workers. The electric welding creates extremely strong light and can cause serious injuries to workers’ eyes. In unexpected cases, welding can lead to blindness. In addition, welding producing toxic smoke if prolonged exposure can cause severe chronic diseases, even in high concentration, victims can be acute poisonous. Table 74: Load of pollutants during welding Diameter of welding rod (mm) Pollutants 2.5 3.25 4 5 6 Welding smoke (containing other 285 508 706 1,100 1,578 pollutants) (mg /welding rod) CO (mg/welding rod) 10 15 25 35 50 NOx (mg/welding rod) 12 20 30 45 70 Source: Pham Ngoc Dang, Air Environment Pollution, Science and Technics Publishing House, 2004 According to the feasibility study, the total amount of welding rods used is approximately 250 kg for 5 bridges. It is assumed that use of welding rods with average diameter of 4 mm and 25 welding rods per kilogram, the load of toxic gases generated from welding during the construction process is as follows: - Welding smoke: 4.41 kg - CO: 0.16 kg - NOx: 0.19 kg Welding smoke and exhaust gases from welding appear thoroughly the construction of bridges (450 - 600 days), thus the pollution concentration is dispersed. Moreover, the impacts are discontinuous and localized only at the construction site. The residential areas located far away from the construction area (about 50m), impacts caused by welding will affect some workers who are directly engaged in construction. Therefore, the impacts from welding are assessed as LOW and mitigable. Page | 171 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Figure 45: Reference image of welding activity when constructing the bridge 12. Risks and unsafety during construction nearby production forests There are 3 out of 9 work items under the Subproject to be constructed nearby the households’ production forests, including (i) Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road; (ii) Le Huu Trac road, and (iii) Mo Bach ditch. Construction near the production forest might cause potential risks for workers who are directly involved in construction by insects, bees, mosquitoes or snakes, predators; Workers may get diseases such as influenza, dengue fever, malaria, gastrointestinal disease, and skin diseases when they are living and working near the production forest. This will directly affect live and health of workers. In addition, construction near the production forest will cause potential risks of workers’ hunting and trapping animals for food, cutting down trees for firewood; risks of forest fire due to workers’ carelessness in cooking and smoking. This will significantly affect the flora and fauna living near the project area, risk of biodiversity loss or conflicts between workers and local communities. However, this impact is assessed as LOW and locally happen at construction site and in a short time (during the construction period of 15-24 months): (i) It is the production forest with main trees of acacia, cajuput, therefore, the diversity is low; (ii) There is no wildlife animals (tigers, leopards, deer, etc.) living in the Subproject areas, therefore hunting forest animals or being attacked by predators will not happen; (iii) Workers will be trained and raised awareness of forest protection and forest fire prevention. At the same time, workers only work within the area of occupied land, not encroach on the production areas of local people; (iv) workers are provided with labor protection equipment to prevent insects, mosquitoes and mosquitoes; (v) At each construction site, medical cabinets will be equipped at each construction site for first aid in cases of beating by insects, bees, mosquitoes or diseases related to dengue fever, malaria, digestive diseases and skin diseases. At the same time, the construction sites are only about 1-2km away from the medical stations, therefore, it is convenient for first aid for workers. This impact is mitigable through the compliance with on-site rules and regulations and the appropriate construction and mitigation measures for each site. 13. Impacts at the disposal sites Waste, which is dumped into 02 disposal sites, can be divided into two types of waste of construction and sludge ❖ Da Mai disposal site Waste of construction is dumped into a separate area. For sludge dredging, the dumping site is a hole with waterproof tarpaulin and using lime powder during disposal. Da Mai disposal has waste water and rainwater drainage system. There is no any problems happen during operation. Therefore, impacts by dumping at Da Mai disposal site is very small and the project owners do not need to have additional measures to protect the environment at the disposal site. ❖ Tich Luong disposal site Page | 172 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject The dumping ground of Tich Luong Ward is about 80m from the rice field and separated by a 6m wide concrete road. The nearest house is 100m away. This is a rural residential area with no domestic water supply system, underground pipes or cables around the area. Therefore, impacts at Tich Luong disposal site as following: - The risk of traffic accidents during the transportation of waste - The risk of sewage sludge leak and infiltrate into the ground water. This is the biggest impact because local people use ground water for living activities. - Overflowing rain water drains waste and sludge into the water body. These impacts are considered to be moderate but after mitigation measures, this effect is almost negligible. 4.4.3. Impacts on sensitive works The construction of different subproject items may affect some sensitive works located near the construction sites, including the inconvenience of the people when they want to move to the that areas; Exhaust gases and dust can become a nuisance for local residents and cultural activities; Traffic safety and accident-related risks during the construction. The survey shows that the subproject construction may not only affect the workers and neighboring communities, but also affect some sensitive structures on the transportation routes of materials. The magnitude of impact is assessed as medium, temporary and mitigable. Details of the works within a radius of 200 - 500 m around the subproject area are described as follows: Table 75: Impacts on sensitive works Sensitive works Characteristics of works Impacts 1. Construction of Southnorth road & Huong Thuong bridge: There are two sensitive works Huong Thuong commune - Located at the end of - Dust, exhaust gases. kindergarten Southnorth road, Huong Thuong - Noise, vibration. bridge, about 230m from the end - Traffic jam at time after point of the road. school from Monday to Friday, - The kindergarten serves for starting time from 7 - 8 am and about 300 children in Huong the ending time from 16h30 - Thuong commune. 17h30 - Studying time takes place - Potential risk of traffic from Monday to Friday, starting accidents at time taking time: 7h-8h and ending time children to the school and time 16h30 - 17h30. after school due to transportation of construction materials. - Affect health of children and teachers due to uncollected domestic waste and waste water. - Affect recreation and entertainment activities of children. Page | 173 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Sensitive works Characteristics of works Impacts Water pumping station near - Located at downstream of - Interruption of water Huong Thuong bridge Huong Thuong bridge under the pumping for irrigation of 80 ha works of Southnorth road, of fields in Huong Thuong Huong Thuong bridge. commune - This pumping station takes - Impacts on development of water directly from Cau river to plants, reducing productivity of irrigate for the fields in Huong rice, leading to affecting Thuong commune with area income of people more than 80 hectares. - Transportation can damage - The pumping station operates equipment of the pumping intermittently due to depending station. on the seasons, mainly in the dry - Affect period of water season (from January to April). irrigation for agricultural The operation frequency is about production activities. 7 days to timely catch up with - Potential risks of landslide the cultivation progress. and erosion during the construction. 2. Construction of Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road: There are 5 sensitive works Linh Trung communal house - Situated along Huong Thuong - Dust, exhaust gases. – Chua Hang road (Km0+800). - Noise, vibration. - There is no land occupation - Dropped solid waste will under this works. affect the spiritual and social - The worship activities are activities of local people when mainly on the 1st and 15th of the going to the communal house. months (lunar calendar). There - Restrict people’s access to is only one day for god worship Linh Trung communal house. in Linh Trung cultural house. - Risks of community conflicts. Thong hamlet lake - Located along Huong Thuong - Wastwwater, solid waste and – Chua Hang road (Km1+700). hazardous waste dropped into - This is a large lake with area the lake causes death of fishes of about 2.5 ha, which stores and - Affect economy of fishery supplies water for farming and household aquaculture for the whole - Affect lake water quality. surrounding area. - Conflicts between workers and local people Nam Son hamlet church - Located about 70m - Dust, exhaust gases. (Km2+400) away from Huong - Noise, vibration. Thuong – Chua Hang road. - Traffic jams and accidents - Area of the works is about - Conflicts between workers 2,000m2. and local people. - Local people often go to the - Restrict people’s access to church at the weekend and on 24 the church. December every year. Cemetery in Chua Hang ward - Located about 80m away from - Solid waste dropped will the end point of Huong Thuong affect environmental sanitation – Chua Hang road. of the area. - Area of the works is about 1.0 - Restrict people’s access to Page | 174 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Sensitive works Characteristics of works Impacts ha. the cemetery. - Worship activities are not - Affect the activities of continuous and mainly on tending graves Qingming festival, 15th July - Conflicts between workers (lunar calendar) and tending and local people. graves at the end of Lunar year. Monument to War Heroes and Located about 120m away from - Solid waste dropped will Martyrs in Chua Hang ward the end point of Huong Thuong affect environmental sanitation – Chua Hang road. of the area. - Area of the works is about - Restrict people’s access to 6,400 m2. the cemetery. - - Worship activities are not - Affect the activities of continuous, mainly on 27th July tending and worship. every year. - Conflicts between workers and local people. 3. Upgrading and construction of Dong Bam road: There are two sensitive works Cemetery in Nhi Hoa village - Located about 130m away - Solid waste dropped will from the road passing Dong Bam affect environmental sanitation residential site. of the area. - Area of the works is about 1.0 - Restrict people’s access to ha. the cemetery. - Worship activities are not - Affect the activities of continuous and mainly on tending graves. Qingming festival, 15th July - Conflicts between workers (lunar calendar) and tending and local people. graves at the end of lunar year. Cemetery near Dong Bam - Located about 50m away from residential area the road passing Dong Bam residential site. - Area of the works is about 1,000 m2. - Worship activities are not continuous and mainly on Qingming festival, 15th July (lunar calendar) and tending graves at the end of lunar year. 4. Upgrading of Dan bridge: No sensitive works 5. Upgrading and Construction of Le Huu Trac road: There is one sensitive works Thai Nguyen Provincial Mental - Located about 90 away from - Dust, exhaust gas. Hospital the starting point of Le Huu Trac - Noise, vibration. road. - Solid waste. - Area of the works is about - Wastewater 3,000 m2. - Affect the examination and - No. of staff: 50 persons treatment of diseases. - No. of patients: 8,500 persons - Traffic jams and accidents. - Conflicts with workers. - Restrict access. Page | 175 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Sensitive works Characteristics of works Impacts 6. Construction of Huong Son kindergartens: There is no sensitive works 7. Upgrading of Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten: There is no sensitive works 8. Rehabilitation of Xuong Rong drainage ditch: There is no sensitive works 9. Rehabilitation of Mo Bach stream drainage ditch: There is one sensitive works Thai Hai Primary school and - Located about 30m away from - Dust, exhaust gas. Kindergarten Mo Bach drainage ditch. - Noise, vibration. - Area of school campus is - Solid waste. about 7,200m2 with 24 classes - Wastewater including kindergarten and primary classes. The school has - Odor from dredging about 50 teachers and over 350 - Traffic jams and accidents. pupils/children. - Restrict parents’ and - Studying time takes place all teachers’ access. days in a week, starting time - Community conflicts. 6h30 – 7h30, 13h-14h and the - Affect outdoor activities. ending time: 11h-12h, 16h30- 17h30. Generally, impacts caused by the Subproject construction on the sensitive works are assessed as LOW because: The construction time at these locations is not long (about 1 – 2 months); (ii) Impacts are localized and gradually decrease by distance. These impacts are mitigable. 4.5. Impacts and risks during the operation phase Construction of roads, bridges, rehabilitation of drainage ditches and construction of kindergartens will contribute to improving infrastructure, environmental sanitation, improving living conditions, boosting trade and services exchange and connect to the areas of the city and surrounding areas. When puting operation, the subproject works will not affect sensitive works; However, in the operation phase, the following impacts should be considered: 1. Changes in topography and flow of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches The area of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches is expanded with the width of B = 8 - 25m and dredged with an average depth of 0.8m, while along 02 banks will be reinforced with concrete. As a result, Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches have changes in flow (changes in hydrological and hydraulic regime). The realignment and expansion of the route will facilitate the flow, ensuring the drainage during the rainy and flooding season and ensuring the stability of the works; however, there will be potential risks of landslide, affecting the production and daily living activities of the people living along the two ditches. However, the impacts caused by changes in flow are assessed as LOW because the condition of topography of the two sides of the canal has been changed from earth banks into concrete ones. This reduces landslide and erosion into the land area of people, gradually ensuring the stability of people’s lives. Page | 176 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Figure 46: Image of embanked Mo Bach ditch section 2. Road safety during the operation of 04 roads and Dan bridge Road safety is one of main impacts during the operation of the roads of the Southnorth, Huong Thuong - Chua Hang, Dong Bam, Le Huu Trac and the bridges of Huong Thuong, Mo Linh 1, Mo Linh 2 , Dan and NH3 overpass. In the early years when the transportation by non- motorized vehicles (bicycles, ox-carts) has been combined with the transportation by motorized vehicles (cars, motorcycles, trucks, etc.) and the level of traffic accidents can increase. Experience showed that this situation can be managed by raising community’s awareness of the road rules and practices as well as monitoring and enforcing the speed and behaviors of road users. In the long-term, when traffic flow is high, the emission of dust, exhaust gases, noise and vibration can become a matter to be taken into account but mitigable by the long-term plan. Figure 47: Traffic image on Viet Bac – Thai Nguyen road 3. Change of the ecological landscape and land use purposes When the two works of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches are put into operation, the ecological landscapes along the two ditches will be improved because: (i) the flow will be widened, reducing flooding in case of heavy rains or floods in the construction site; (ii) Domestic wastewater from households will not be directly discharged into 02 ditches but collected by the drainage sewer system; (iii) dredging of canals and ditches will reduce malodors, thereby improving environmental sanitation. These impacts are assessed as positive and HIGH, changing living environment conditions of the local people in a positive way, gradually contributing to stabilizing people's lives. The agricultural land areas along the two sides of the Southnorth road, Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road, Dong Bam road, Le Huu Trac road, Xuong Rong ditch, Mo Bach ditch tend to convert into urban residential land, reducing the area of agricultural land, affecting the production of foods and foodstuffs in the subproject area. However, the conversion of land use purpose into residential land will increase the value of the current land plot and increases the value of adjacent land plots. The impacts are assessed as positive and HIGH, which will change in regional socio-economic conditions and stimulate the development of trade and services. However, many social impacts may occur due to changes in land use and/or associated development (increased volume of solid waste, illegal use of right of way (ROW)); however, this can be a long-term problem. In the early years, these impacts are assessed as LOW, However, improvement of knowledge of socio-economic development opportunities and risks associated with social issues can help mitigate potential negative impacts on the local people. Page | 177 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Change in ecological landscape after completion Change in land use purposes in two sides of road of ditch embankment (the embanked Mo Bach (illustrative image of Viet Bac – Thai Nguyen city ditch section) road) Figure 48: Image of ecological landscape and land use purpose change after putting the works into operation 4. Impacts of wastewater and waste during the operation of kindergartens When two kindergartens of Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung are put into operation, they will be concentrated by 1000 people. Namely: (i) Huong Son kindergarten has 550 people (50 teachers and 500 pupils); (ii) Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten has 450 people (50 teachers and 400 pupils). This is the emission source of domestic wastewater and waste. - Domestic wastewater: It is estimated that volume of domestic wastewater generated at Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung pre-schools is 27.5 m3/day and 22.5 m3/day, respectively. As a rule, wastewater from 02 kindergartens will be pre-treated before being discharged into the common drainage system of Thai Nguyen city. The load of pollutants after preliminary treatment will reduce by 30-40% (BOD5/COD). - Domestic waste: Estimated amount of domestic waste generated at Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung kindergartens is 165 kg/day and 135 kg/day, respectively. The amount of domestic waste will be collected and treated on daily basis by Thai Nguyen Urban Environment Joint Stock Company. Therefore, the impacts of domestic wastewater and wastes during the operation phase of two kindergartens are assessed as LOW because: (i) the amount of domestic wastewater and waste generated is not much and localied only at the schools; (ii) the amount of wastewater is preliminarily treated before being discharged into the environment; (iii) the amount of waste is collected on daily basis by the local functional units. 5. Falling down from height ❖ Risks of falling into rivers, streams and drowning These cases are alerted when walking up or down the walkways under the embankment or at the sewers along the embankment of the two ditches Xuong Rong and Mo Bach or the means of transport fell to Cau river, Mo Linh stream, Ho Nui Coc diversion canal when traveling on the route. Although the embankments have some sections designed with gray electric-static steel handrails at the embankment peak with a height of 80 - 90 cm, children and the elderly are at risk of falling into rivers, canals and ditches due to slipping or drowning. In addition, in the rainy season, means of transport run on slippery roads can fall into rivers and streams. This will affect health, even life of road users. Specific technical measures need to be researched and supplemented in the subsequent phases and consulted with local communities. Design should be made to prevent threats to the community when using the works. Page | 178 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject ❖ Risk of falling into hard ground These situations are warned in case of moving on National Highway 3 overpass or at 02 works of Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten. Although the overpass of National Highway 3 or the second and third floors of the two kindergarten are arranged with concrete balcony with a height of 80-90cm, however, means of transportation or teachers, children can get the risks of falling into hard ground, which affects life and property damage. Specific technical measures need to be researched and supplemented in the next phases and there should be consulted with local communities. Design should be also carried out to prevent threats from the community when using the works. 6. Risks of landslide and subsidence During the operation phase, there may be incidents, including: (i) embankment landslide and cracking or breaking in the two ditches of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach; (ii) landslide of bridge abutments in 5 bridges (Huong Thuong, Mo Linh 1, Mo Linh 2, Dan bridge, National Highway 3 overpass); (iii) landslides and subsidence of the Southnorth road, Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road, Dong Bam road, Le Huu Trac road or two kindergartens Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung. These incidents will damage the embankments, bridges, roads, infrastructure, affecting lives and property for the surrounding people and road users. Causes of such incidents include: (i) prolonged natural disasters, floods and heavy rains; (ii) unqualified quality, specifications and materials during the construction process; (iii) overloaded means of transport on roads and bridges; (iv) inadequate and irregular operation and maintenance. Specific technical measures need to be researched and supplemented in the subsequent phases and consulted with local communities. Design should be made to prevent threats to the community when using the works. 7. Risks of flooding when formation of roads When the roads are put into operation, they can disrupt the natural drainage direction in the area. The elevated roads can form the dyke to prevent inundation in case of heavy rains or in rainy season. The failure of drainage is likely to cause local flooding at some sites, affecting: (i) travel and daily living activities of local people; (ii) long-term flooding can cause environmental pollution, potential risks of epidemics, affecting the health of people in the area; (iii) affecting agricultural production activities, causing loss of property to the people. To minimize impacts of inundation during the operation of the roads, the Subproject Owner arranged horizontal and vertical sewers along the roads: - In the design of the roads, post-construction elevation has been taken into account to ensure drainage by the existing natural system. - Arrange bridges passing through the intersections with the water body. - Arrange horizontal sewer with sizes suitable with intensity of rain and flow of overflow rainwater over the subproject area. - Regularly check the areas at risks of inundation to design additional horizontal sewers (if necessary). - Consult with local authorities and people in the areas at risks of inundation in order to take addition measures in time. However, specific technical measures need to be researched and supplemented in subsequent phases and consulted with the local communities. Design should be made to prevent threats to the local community when using the works. 8. Impacts at the disposal sites During the operation phase, there is no impact if dumping at Da Mai disposal site but dumping at Tich Luong disposal site may have some impacts as: risk of traffic accidents, risk of sewage Page | 179 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject sludge leak and infiltrate into the ground water, and rain water drains waste and sludge into the water body. These impacts are considered to be small because the disposal site will be applied mitigation measures and the results of analysis of sediment samples showed that the sediment in Xuong Rong and Mo Bach stream have no pollution Page | 180 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject CHAPTER 5. MITIGATION MEASURES There are several strategies (avoidance, mitigation, rectification, and/or compensation) that have been applied to mitigate the potential negative impacts identified in CHAPTER 4. During the preparation of the subproject, great efforts have been made to avoid potential adverse impacts on resettlement and land acquisition by reducing scope and/or modification of the basic design of the investment subproject. Appropriate compensation plans and strategies have been incorporated to minimize the impacts of land acquisition. The proposed mitigation measures to reduce the impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement are described in the RAP and RPF. This chapter identifies mitigation measures of the environmental and social impacts during the construction (which include site clearance, ground leveling, and construction) and operation phases. In CHAPTER 6 of this ESIA, Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOPs) have been indicated to mitigate generic impacts of the Subproject. These ECOPs will be incorporated in the Bidding documents and contract documents. However, for Thai Nguyen City Subproject, there are site-specific impacts at the specific sites and impacts on sensitive works, which require site-specific measures (beside ECOPs) during the phases of the Subproject. 5.1. Mitigation measures in the pre-construction phase Impacts in the pre-construction phase include (1) land acquisition; (2) Safety risk related to unexploded ordnance (UXO). As the sub-project is constructed according to successive method or due to the short preparation time, impacts from dismantling and site clearance, dredging, excavation, backfilling or workers camps preparation will occur during the construction phase. At the same time, there has no impact on sensitive works during the pre-construction phase. 1. Impacts mitigation measures by land acquisition, compensation and resettlement Land acquisition and resettlement shall comply with the RPF under the Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project. The Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) of the subproject will be prepared in accordance with the RPF. ❖ Technical measures are integrated in design to minimize the area, number of affected households and assets For roads: The roads are designed with surface water drainage system, roadside, traffic signs to ensure traffic safety in accordance with standards, slope stability along the access roads, if necessary and trees are planted along the roads. In the detailed design, the PMU will ensure requirements for completed drainage systems to avoid flooding during the construction and operation process and lighting systems for saving energy to ensure aesthetic. For bridge construction: Design is based on hydrographic surveys (flood level, flow regime, etc), geological, terrain conditions of the area to ensure safety and efficiency for works operation. For improvement of ditches and construction of embankments for Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches with the aim to limit site clearance for permanent houses owned by local people, it is necessary to ensure that embankments are built straightly along the ditch banks, or shaped, land acquisition is minimized at the lowest level by technical options and construction methods. Besides, there should ensure the form of embankments without curves, fracture, as well as drainage capacity and landslide prevention. In addition, consideration should be given to the following issues: (i) Stairs and balustrades are included in embankment design to maintain safe approach to river banks for local communities; (ii) Trees will be planted along the ditch banks to improve landscape. For construction of kindergartens: The design process has been calculated based on general planning, socio-economic development planning, specific surveys on hydrological regimes, Page | 181 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject terrain, geology, consultation with local authorities, people living in the subproject area to ensure safety, convenience and effective operation of the works. The detailed design of the works should be clear in all aspects related to excavation and backfilling, management of dredged materials, transportation of dredged materials by covered trucks and leakage prevention equipment; Dredged materials should be treated at appropriate locations which are prepared in advance. ❖ Mitigation measures for livelihoods 299 households are severely affected with agricultural production land (losing over 20% of production land area, or 10% or more of production land area for vulnerable households) by the subproject implementation, in addition to receiving compensation in accordance with the RPF’s regulations, households are also involved in livelihood restoration programs, including: - Vocational training program; - Job creation program; - Credit lending to develop household economy through various organizations; Details of mitigation measures will be provided in the Resettlement Action Plan of the subproject. ❖ Mitigation measures for relocated households 133 households have to relocate by the subproject implementation. Three proposed relocation options include: (i) On-site resettlement (on the remaining area of households); (ii) self- relocation for displaced persons who wish to find their new accommodation and (iii) Concentrated resettlement at resettlement site of the subproject. For the options (i) and (ii) affected households will receive compensation, assistances and arrange new accommodation themselves. For the option (iii) affected households will receive compensation for affected non- land assets and be considered for arranging resettlement in the following locations: - Residential area 11 of Thinh Dan ward, which was built from end of 2016, has an area of 3ha with 88 plots varying from 150 to 200 m2 of each plot. This residential area was invested with full infrastructure such as roads, drainage system, power system., etc. - Dong Bam ward residential area has an area of 10ha with 147 plots varying from 120 m2 to 180 m2 of each. This residential area was invested with full infrastructure such as roads, drainage system, power system., etc. - Tan Lap residential area is located in Tan Lap ward, has an area of 7.5ha with 120 plots varying from 150 m2 to 200 m2 of each. This residential area is being invested in construction of infrastructure. It is expected this residential area will be put into operation in Quarter II, 2018. - The residential area in Tuc Duyen new urban area has an area of 10ha with 170 plots varying from 120 m2 to 200 m2. This residential area is being invested in construction of infrastructure. It is expected this residential area will be put into operation in Quarter II, 2018. Details of mitigation measures are shown in the Resettlement Action Plan of the Subproject. ❖ Mitigation measures for affected business households 74 households affected on business and production, in addition to cash compensation for affected land and assets, shall be provided with: - Production and business stabilization assistance:  Businesses/households with business registration affected by the subproject will be compensated or supported. The maximum compensation/support is equal to Page | 182 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 30% of after-tax income of 01 year based on their average annual after-tax revenue of the last three years which have been declared to the tax authorities;  Households without business license but who have met their tax obligations will be entitled to compensation equivalent to 50% of support level for registered businesses/households. - Assistance for removing the production/business facilities: Organizations and PAPs that are leased land by the state or are lawfully using land and have to relocate their productive and/or business establishments are entitled to financial support for dismantling, relocating and re-installation of the establishments. Support levels will be determined by actual costs at the time of removal. - Allowance for interrupted employment: Employees who are working for affected manufacturing facilities or businesses with labor contract and continuously contributed social insurance at the businesses shall be entitled to receive allowance equivalent to the minimum salary as per the regulations of government on affected employees during the transition period which can be for a maximum of 6 months as well as assistance in seeking job opportunity if needed. Details of mitigation measures will be provided in the Resettlement Action Plan of the subproject. ❖ Mitigation measures for vulnerable households There are 73 vulnerable households affected by the subproject implementation. In addition to compensation provided according to the RPF’s regulations, vulnerable households will receive additional allowance to facilitate for their lives early restoration. Details of mitigation measures will be provided in the Resettlement Action Plan of the subproject. ❖ Impacts mitigation measures by removal of graves 58 graves (owned by 30 households) are affected and displaced. In addition to the subproject will support relocation costs in compliance with the RPF of the subproject, during the site clearance process, the Subproject Owner in cooperation with local authorities will hold a consultation meeting with 30 affected households so that they can understand desires of local people and make a final and reasonable decision about removal of graves and accordance with regional practices. Details of mitigation measures will be provided in the Resettlement Action Plan of the subproject. ❖ The compensation plan for the affected items by the subproject Generally, the compensation payment will be transparent and publicalized. Compensation rates will be disclosed at the head offices of the People’s Committees of the subproject wards/communes. The budget for implementing the Resettlement Action Plan will be part of the government counterpart fund (budget from Thai Nguyen PPC). Thai Nguyen PPC will provide counterpart funds for the implementation of compensation and resettlement, which will be included in the total investment cost of the subproject. The estimated cost of implementing the RAP for subproject works is 402,970,000,000 VND, (equivalent to 18,111,000 USD). Below is the compensation bill for the subproject. Detailes of mitigation measures due to land acquisition are indicated in the Resettlement Action Plan of the Subproject. Page | 183 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 76: The compensation plan for the affected items by the subproject Total amount No Item VND USD 1 Compensation for land 212,962,655,396 9,571,355 2 Compensation for structures 82,406,017,141 3,703,641 3 Compensation for trees and crops 1,172,465,197 52,695 4 Compensation for graves 198,000,000 8,899 5 Assistances 54,200,087,438 2,435,959 6 Incentive bonus 2,694,000,000 121,079 7 Total 9 items 353,633,225,172 15,893,628 8 Management expense = 2% IX 7,072,664,503 317,873 9 Contingency (10% of total) 35,363,322,517 1,589,363 10 Other expense 6,901,332,252 310,172 Independent monitoring = 1% IX 3,536,332,252 158,936 Income restoration program (temporary) 2,765,000,000 124,270 Replacement cost survey expense (temporary) 600,000,000 26,966 11 Total 402,970,544,444 18,111,036 Rounding 402,970,000,000 18,111,000 Source: Resettlement Action Plan of the Subproject, 2017 2. Impacts by demining unexploded ordnance Mines and unexploded ordnance should be cleared prior to carrying out construction activities. The steps of clearing unexploded ordnance should be strictly implemented. The Subproject Owner will contract with functional units to clear mines and unexploded ordnance within the subproject area. Clearance of unexploded ordnance is carried out by using a detector according to the following steps: - Clearance on land:  Localizing the clearance areas, treatment of mines and unexploded ordnance;  Clearance of site;  Detecting to a depth of 0.3m;  Marking, excavating, testing and signal processing to a depth of 0.3m;  Detecting to a depth of 5m (machines are located at a high sensitivity level);  Excavating, inspecting and processing the signal to a depth of 5m. - Clearance under water: for dredging of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditches:  Detecting to a depth of 0.5m from the bottom of water.  Marking the signal at the depth of 0.5m from the bottom of water.  Checking and excavating for processing the signal at depth of 0.5m from the bottom of water.  Detecting at depth from 0.5m to 3m or up to 5m from the bottom of water.  Marking the signal at a depth of 0.5m to 3m or up to 5m from the bottom of water.  Diving for testing, excavating for the signal processing at depth of over 0.5 m to 1 m from the bottom of water.  Preparing plan and excavating and processing of underwater signals at depth of Page | 184 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject between over 1m and 3m or up to 5m from the bottom of water. - In wet fields, ponds with a depth of <0.5m, it is necessary to embank banks to drain water, then clearance and processing of bombs and unexploded ordnance is carried out to avoid left them over. In case of clearing unexploded ordnance on land, dangerous warning signs should be placed and staff should be also arranged to prevent local people, animals and vehicles from passing through the construction area in order to avoid accidents. Collection, classification, transportation management and destruction of unexploded ordnance should be carried out in accordance with safety standards on preservation, transportation and use of explosive materials QCVN 02: 2008/BCT National Technical Regulations on safety in preservation, transportation, use and destruction of industrial explosive materials, explosion regulations by the Ministry of Engineering Command, and other current regulations. The units implementing clearance of unexploded ordnance are responsible for reporting the Military Command in their localities about the situation of performing the task for necessary issues. 5.2. Mitigation measures during the construction phase 5.2.1. Generic mitigation measures As part of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the subproject these general measures have been translated into a standard environmental specification to be incorporated into bidding and contract documents. These are referred to as Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOPs), and will be applied to mitigate typical impacts of the subproject’s civil works during the pre-construction and construction phase. The ECOPs describe typical requirements to be undertaken by contractors and supervised by the construction supervision consultant during construction. The ECOPs will be incorporated into the bidding and contract documents (BD/CD) annexes. The measures identify typical mitigation measures for the following aspects: (1) Impacts of dust; (2) Air pollution; (3) Noise and vibration; (4) Water pollution; (5) Solid waste; (6) Hazardous wastes; (7) Traffic management; (8) Restoration of affected areas; (9) Worker and public Safety; (10) Communication with local communities about subproject environmental issues; (11) Health and Safety for workers and the public; (12) Chance finding procedures; (13) Fire hazard due to accident. 5.2.2. Site specific mitigation measures Table 77 presents site-specific impacts and mitigation measures for each work item of Thai Nguyen City subproject that are not addressed through the general measures in the ECOPs because of the severity or site-specific nature of the impacts and mitigation measures. ➢ Mitigation measures when building bridges Construction of bridges will be planned to limit underwater construction in rainy season (from Page | 185 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject May to September); The Contractor shall prepare a specific Environmental, Health and Safety Plan (EHSP) prior to carrying out the demolition of the existing bridges and construction of new bridges. At least, the Environmental, Health and Safety Plan should meet the following requirements: - Description of measures for spill prevention, sediment control, surface water flow change, restoration, etc should be implemented; - Local residents will be informed at least two weeks in advance of blocking and dismantling Dan bridge; - Signs and fences should be installed and maintained to prevent the two heads of the bridge from being safely approached. Staff are arranged to protect the construction site 24 hours a day. Light is adequately ensured at night; - Instruction signs of traffic direction should be installed at two heads of each existing bridge before dismantling; - Life jackets and protective equipment are provided for labor and compulsory use when working in water or on water, especially in the construction process of abutments with a depth of 2-3 m; - Wastes is strictly controlled to limit the discharge or disposal of any wastewater, sludge, waste, fuel and oil into water. All these materials should be collected and treated on land at the bank area. Sludge and sediment are also pumped to the bank for treatment and discharging directly into the river is prohibited; - Rehabilitation of waterway transport routes is implemented; - After the bridge implementation, the work area will be restored to its original state; - Do not mix concrete directly on the ground and only be implemented on non-permeable surface. - All flows from concrete mixing areas should be strictly controlled, and water contaminated with cement will be collected, stored and treated in the approved area; - Unused cement bags will be stored away from the overflow of rain water; Used (empty) cement bags will be collected and stored in weather-resistant containers to prevent dust from wind and water pollution; - All excess concrete should be removed from the site upon completion of the concrete work and treatment. Not allowed to wash excess volume on the ground. All excess volume will also be eliminated; ➢ Mitigation measures for the items of dredging, construction of embankment and roads and kindergartens It should avoid dredging during the rainy season, from May to September, to maintain drainage functions of the river; The Contractor shall prepare the Contractor's Dredged Management Plan (CDMP) and submit it to the Supervision Consultant and the PMU for review and approval prior to commencement of construction. The dredging plan should clearly show the following contents: - Scope of works in contract package, method and schedule of dredging, - Water users may be affected by dredging and lining embankment. - Volume of dredging, water quality and characteristics of dredged material; Especially water should be tested for pH, DO, TSS, BOD, salinity, etc; Heavy metals including pH, Hg, As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr, organic material and mineral oil should be tested for sediment. A sample of water and a sediment sample should be taken and tested for each tender package. Page | 186 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject - Procedures for temporary storage of dredged materials and on-site pollution control plans. - Method of loading and unloading and transportation of materials to the final processing area: state the road of transportation from the dredging area to the dumping site, the operating time, the type of vehicles/trucks. - Setting up schedule to inform nearby communities of the subproject, publicizing name and contact number so that complaints can be made if needed. - Potential social and environmental impacts, including specific impacts and risks of dredging; - Mitigation measures to address potential impacts and risks; - Final disposal plan; - Environmental monitoring plan. In addition to the mitigation measures associated with normal construction impacts, the dredging plan should meet the following requirements: - Cofferdams are constructed prior to dredging to isolate the construction site from the surrounding water body areas so that potential impacts on river/stream water quality can be minimized; - Disturbance on the ground and under the riverbed is maintained at the lowest level; Regular monitoring will ensure that dredged material in temporary treatment areas will not contaminate or flood the surrounding area; Sediment traps are installed around temporary dumping sites; - Waste water leaking from dredged material will flow back into the river; - In case of typhoon forecast, dredging or embankment lining activities will be limited, field protection measures will be implemented; All construction activities will be stopped in the event of a storm; Installation of warning signs in hazardous areas, including overflows, erosion, or deeply excavated areas; Specific safety devices have been identified including lifebuoys provided to workers and compulsory use when working in water. Observers are appointed during the work process for timely rescue in an emergency. ➢ For construction of social infrastructure works - Parents whose children are learning in Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten will be notified at least one month in advance of the time, construction progress and new learning places for the children. - Wastes are strictly controlled to limit the discharge or disposal of any wastewater, sludge, waste, fuel and oil into the water. - Waste at foundation holes is strictly controlled and must be flew into the collection system, settling tank before - Signs and fences must be installed and maintained to prevent access to the construction site - No construction after 6 pm. - Designing of kindergartens:  Design children-friendly buildings and classrooms (classrooms are beautifully decorated and attractive for children. Playgrounds have suitable, beautiful layout with green spaces for children).  Utilities are arranged suitably, easy to use and safe for children (toilets, faucets, sinks, power sockets and switches, etc.).  Classrooms are equipped with adequate ventilation system suitable for children. Page | 187 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject  Classrooms are designed to maximize natural light, thereby saving power.  Arrange water taps in appropriate locations, ensuring water saving. Site-specific mitigation measure are presented in Table 77 below. Table 77: Mitigation measures of site-specific impacts during the construction phase Site-specific Mitigation measures impacts 1) Impacts on - The dredging operation is conducted only during the dry season; water environment - Create sedimentation traps and maintain them periodically to ensure that Two drainage most solids in surface runoff are retained in the traps before entering the ditches of Xuong existing drains or water sources surrounding the sites; Rong and Mo - Leachate from sediments must be first deposited in sedimentation hole/trap Bach; 04 bridges before entering the river. (Huong Thuong bridge, Mo Linh 1, - Strictly prohibit contractors to discharge waste into river Mo Linh 2, Dan - Collection of redundancy material on site is implemented daily. Upon bridge) forecasted stormy weather, suspend all the construction activities, tidy up the sites, brace and protect the materials and construction machines. - Do not gather construction materials as well as machinery and equipment near the river. Gathering small quantities of materials fit with the schedule. Materials must be covered with tarpaulin, avoiding the upwind location, near the river. - Strictly prevent hazardous waste, waste oils or particularly greasy rags from entering the flow. - Comply with QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT, QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, QCVN 18:2014/BXD. 2) Impacts - Before dredging, reinforcement will be conducted. This construction caused by erosion, method must be proposed and submitted to the authorities concerned for subsidence and approval by the construction contractors. damages to - Ensure that land acquisition and house relocation at the site boundary is existing structures completed prior to commencing construction work. NH3 overpass, - Use appropriate construction methods with each construction site location. Xuong Rong ditch, Mo Bach ditch, - Closely monitoring the vibration level Huong Son and - Construction of side slope is made in accordance with the design Phan Dinh Phung - Do not carry out dredging works in rainy season. kindergartens - Do not place heavy machineries and transportation vehicles near the canals banks. Inspection and supervision on land subsidence risks must be taken regularly in order to prepare the appropriate reinforcement plans. - Ensure the constant presence of supervision consultants and contractors during construction to monitor the potential risk of erosion and landslides and if necessary take the appropriate action. - Comply with QCVN 18:2014/BXD. 3) Impacts on - Coordinate with the local authority to inform local people of the waterway transport construction plan prior to construction; on river Huong - Coordinate with waterway management unit to flag the signal system on Thuong bridge and the inland waterway where means of transport will travel through; Cau river - Provide the workers with all appropriate PPE and ensure that life jackets are used in proximity to water. Safety staff must be available at all times for timely rescue in case of incidents. - Place warning boards along the construction route, both on land and water Page | 188 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Site-specific Mitigation measures impacts surface (arrange the road and waterway traffic guide). - Comply with Law on inland waterway navigation No. 23/2004/QH11, the Law on amendment and supplement of a number of Articles of the Law on inland waterway navigation No. 48/2014/QH13 and guidelines on waterway safety of the Ministry of Transport. 4) Impacts on - Inform pupils at least one month in advance of the estimated relocation studying and schedule to temporary place. teaching Phan Dinh - Consult with parents on measures to minimize the psychological effects of Phung kindergarten children during the relocation process. when relocation to - Ensure water supply, electricity supply and facilities at the temporary place of temporary place teaching and learning. - Notify the local community around the temporary place of teaching and learning of the teaching and learning plan of Phan Dinh Phung Kindergarten. - Relocate to a temporary place of learning and teaching nearby the current place of the kindergarten. 5) Impacts by - Notify the construction progress of each section dredging for surrounding malodor from people. dredged materials - Dredged materials are transported to the disposal site by specialized vehicles. Xuong Rong and - Do not gather dredged material along the ditches. Mo Bach ditches - Use lime powder to limit malodor dispersion, if necessary. - Do not construct at the rest time, limit construction after 18h. - Consult closely with local people and communities for appropriate mitigation measures. - Provide adequate personal protective equipment for all workers. - Comply with QCVN 18:2014/BXD. 6) Leaking - Dredging activities are only carried out in the dry season; water from - Water leaking from sediment must be deposited in settling tank/trap before dredging discharging into river; 02 ditches of - The process of transporting dredged materials must use specialized vehicles with Xuong Rong and containers. Mo Bach - No dredging at the time of water intaking for agricultural production activities of the local people. - Comply with QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT, QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, QCVN 18:2014/BXD. 7) Impacts on - Informing the community of the construction schedule at least two week agricultural before the construction. production - Arrange drainage around the construction sites to prevent soil erosion and The Southnorth sedimentation into the rice fields and irrigation canals. road, Huong - Regularly check the affected on-field irrigation canals to ensure they are Thuong bridge, not blocked by construction spoil or waste and if they are affected, provide Huong Thuong – alternative irrigation water from canals to the locations the local people Chua Hang road, request. Dong Bam road, Le Huu Trac road, - Immediately rehabilitate irrigation canals if they are damaged by Xuong Rong and construction activities to ensure that water supply for the rice fields is Mo Bach ditches maintained. - Closely consult with the local community to ensure that suitable solutions to problems are taken and communities’ concerns related to construction activities are addressed. Page | 189 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Site-specific Mitigation measures impacts 8) Impacts on - Coordinate with the local authority to inform local people of the groundwater construction plan prior to construction; quality - Coordinate with the management unit of waterway to flag the signal system Construction sites on the inland waterway the transport will travel through; of Huong Thuong - Provide the workers with all appropriate PPE and ensure that life jackets bridge, Mo Linh 1, are used in proximity to water. Safety staff must be available at all times for Mo Linh 2, Dan timely rescue in case of incidents. bridges, NH3 overpass or two - Place warning boards along the construction route, both on land and water ditches of Xuong surface (arrange the road and waterway traffic guide). Rong and Mo Bach - Comply with QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT, QCVN 18:2014/BXD. 9) Impacts on - Ensure that the contract requires the contractor, before commencing work, traffic circulation to provide a construction plan with a detailed health, safety, environment and at construction traffic management plan, which has to be provided to the local authorities and sites of bridges approved by CSC. Dan bridge and - Inform local residents in advance (at least one week) of construction and NH3 overpass work schedules, interruption of services, traffic routes. Inform the community of the planned night construction at least 2 days in advance. - Put and maintain bulletin boards at the construction site, containing the following information: full name and phone number of the Contractor, Site Manager, Supervision Consultants and Subproject Owner, duration and scope of work. - Contractors should provide lighting at all construction sites at night; security guard staff at construction sites to moderate vehicles entering and exiting the construction site; - Put road construction warning signs at the site and maintain them for the duration of the work. - Sediment shall be transported out of construction site or transfer site within the day. Do not transport sediment during rush hours; - Limit the construction area to that within the designated site boundary. - Assign staff to control traffic during transportation, loading and unloading, at construction sites and sediment transfer site. - The Subproject Owner and the Contractor will arrange signs and instructive signs in front of the construction site, speed limit signs when passing throught the construction site, and arrange attention signs, etc. These signs are arranged at appropriate distances of approximately 2 km from the construction site and repeated every 500m in both ways - The construction plan is publically informed to the local communities via the mass media such as television, broadcasting or newspapers, etc.; - The construction method is successive and the construction mainly takes place at nights with the sufficient provision of lighting system at the construction site and at instructive areas; - Close coordination with the highway authority will be made to have appropriate measures for traffic diversion and construction; - The Subproject Owner obtained the permission from the NH3 authority. - Comply with QCVN 18:2014/BXD. 10) Business - Inform the street household businesses of the construction activities and interruption their potential impacts such, waste, dust, and noise, traffic, and construction 74 business schedule at least 02 weeks before start of the construction. households - Provide safe and easy access to the household businesses putting clean and Page | 190 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Site-specific Mitigation measures impacts strong thick wood panels or steel plates over the open ditches or manholes. - Do not use machines generating loud noise and high vibration levels near the household businesses. - Spray sufficient water to suppress dust during dry and windy days at least three times a day at site that is near household businesses. - Deploy staff to guide the traffic during construction during transportation, loading and unloading of construction materials and wastes, and to guard high risk operations. - Cleaning up construction areas at the end of the day, especially construction areas in front of business shops. - Manage the worker force to any avoid the conflict with the local people and household businesses. - Compensate goods, products damaged by construction activities of the subproject. - Immediately address any issue/problem caused by the construction activities and raised by the local household businesses. 11) Dust and - Clearly notify the local community of the welding plan. exhaust gas from - Do not weld in the head of wind direction, the area is easy to fire. welding - Provide labor protective equipment for workers. Dan bridge, Mo - Provide eye protection equipment for workers directly involved in the welding Linh 1 and Mo process. Linh 2, NH 3 overpass and - Provide signboards or warning signs for the welding areas. Huong Thuong - Comply with QCVN 18:2014/BXD. bridge 12) Risks and - Coordinate with local authorities to inform people of construction plans at unsafety during least two weeks before construction. construction nearby - Provide labor protection equipment for workers. the production - Build regulations and rules on the construction site and disseminate to forest workers before carrying out construction activities. Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road, Le - Prohibit hunting of animals around the construction site Huu Trac road, Mo - Prohibit burning, smoking and cooking near inflammable areas or production Bach ditch forests - Prohibit workers’ cutting down trees outside the construction site. - Propangadize and raise workers’ awareness of forest protection and development. - Provide medicine cabinets at the construction sites. - Comply with standard QCVN 18:2014/BXD. 13) Impacts at - Covering waste during transportation the disposal sites - Do not transport waste during rush hours - Disposal site - Sludge will be transported out of the construction area at the end of day - Sludge are dump into separate area with waterproof canvas to lining. - Combination of lime in the discharge of sediment - Around the dumping area of sludge is covered with waterproofing canvas to limit rainwater washed away. - Analyzes show that the sediment in Xuong Rong and Mo Bach stream have no pollution. Page | 191 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 5.2.3. Mitigation measures of impacts on sensitive works The construction process may affect the operation of these facilities, including the safety of local people and access to these sites; Smoke and dust affect local people and cultural works may be affected by the subproject activities listed in Table 78. Table 78: Mitigation measures of impacts on sensitive works Sensitive works Mitigation measures 1. Construction of Southnorth road & Huong Thuong bridge: There are two sensitive works Huong Thuong commune - Inform the school management of the construction activities and their kindergarten potential impacts such, waste, dust, and noise, traffic, and construction schedule at least two weeks before start of the construction - Install safety warning signs at around the school. - Spray sufficient water to suppress dust during dry and windy days at least two times a day on the route. - Arrange staff to guide the traffic during transportation of construction materials and wastes when pupils go to and leave the school. - Truck drivers shall restrict the use of horns close to the school location. - Limiting transporting on rush hours when pupils go to and leave the school (the studying time every weekday: 7h00-8h00; 16h30 - 17h30). Water pumping station near - Informing the community of the construction schedule at least two Huong Thuong bridge week before the construction. - Arrange drainage system around the construction sites to prevent soil erosion and sedimentation into water collection points of Pumping station. - Regularly check the affected on-field pumping station to ensure they are not blocked by construction spoil or waste and if they are affected, provide alternative water collection points from the river to the locations the local people request. - Immediately rehabilitate water collection points if they are damaged by construction activities to ensure that water supply for the rice fields is maintained. - Closely consult with the local community to ensure that suitable solutions to problems are taken and communities’ concerns related to construction activities are addressed. 2. Construction of Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road: There are 5 sensitive works Linh Trung communal - Inform the Head of Linh Trung communal house of the detailed house construction schedule, activities, and associated impacts at least one month before start of the construction. - Prepare a proper construction schedule to avoid negative impact on Linh Trung communal house’s activities. - Stockpile of construction materials, storage of wastes and maintenance of construction equipment and machineries should be in places not affecting access to the cultural house. - Contractors will implement measures to mitigate dust, noise and vibration impacts on Linh Trung communal house. - Worker camps must be located at least 200 meters far from the communal house. - Workers are required to have a good behavior with local culture and Page | 192 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Sensitive works Mitigation measures respect for local belief. - Vehicles passing through the sensitive areas have to reduce speed, do not honk and give way to local people. Thong hamlet lake - During the construction process, if the dead fish is found and verified to be caused by the subproject construction, the Client shall compensate for local people and prepare plan to clean water of the lake. - Putting the provision of fishing ban at the lake into the internal rules, regularly check and have a punishment plan if workers violate. - If workers fish at the lake, the Client must have compensation plan for the local people Nam Son hamlet church - Inform the Head of the church of the detailed construction schedule, activities, and associated impacts at least one month before start of the construction. - Vehicles passing through the sensitive areas have to reduce speed, do not honk and give way to local people. - Stockpile of construction materials, storage of wastes and maintenance of construction equipment and machineries should be in places not affecting access to the church. - Contractors will implement measures to mitigate dust, noise and vibration impacts on the church. - Worker camps must be located at least 200 meters far from the church. - Workers are required to have a good behavior with local culture and respect for local belief. - Limit transportation of construction materials on weekends. - No transportation of construction materials on weekends and festivals: Christmas (December 25); Easter (8 April 2018); Thanksgiving Holidays (23 Nov. 2017 & 22 Nov. 2018); Holy day (1 Nov.); All Souls day (2 Nov.); Feast day (8 Dec.); Cemetery in Chua Hang - Inform local people of the construction schedule ward - The vehicles passing through the sensitive area should reduce speed, do not honk and give way to local people. - Regularly collect waste and wastewater on the construction site to minimize impacts on the cemetery. - Close consultation with the local communities to ensure proper resolution of people’s complaints related to construction acitivities. - Not cause noise and not construction at time of funeral at the cemetery. Monument to War Heroes - Inform local people of the construction schedule and Martyrs in Chua Hang - No transportation of building materials on 26 – 27 July annually ward - The vehicles passing through the sensitive area should reduce speed, do not honk and give way to local people. - Drivers should limit honk when passing thorugh Chua Hang Monument to War Heroes and Martyrs. - Regularly collect domestic waste and construction waste around the Monument and transport to the stipulated place. 3. Upgrading and construction of Dong Bam road: There are two sensitive works Page | 193 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Sensitive works Mitigation measures Cemetery in Nhi Hoa - Inform local people of the construction schedule village - The vehicles passing through the sensitive area should reduce speed, do not honk and give way to local people. - Regularly collect domestic waste and construction waste on the construction site to minimize impacts on the Cemetery. - Close consultation with the local communities to ensure proper resolution of people’s complaints related to construction acitivities. - Not cause noise and not construction at time of funeral at the cemetery. Cemetery near Dong Bam residential area 4. Upgrading of Dan birdge: No sensitive works 5. Upgrading and Construction of Le Huu Trac road: There is one sensitive works Thai Nguyen Provincial - Inform the Head of Hospisal of the detailed construction schedule, Mental Hospisal activities, and associated impacts at least one month before start of the construction. - The vehicles passing through the hospital should reduce speed, do not honk and give way to people. - Stockpile of construction materials, storage of wastes and maintenance of construction equipment and machineries should be in places not affecting access to the hospital. - Contractors will implement measures to mitigate dust, noise and vibration impacts on the hospital. - Worker camps must be located at least 200 meters far from the hospital. - Workers are required to have a good behavior with local culture and respect for local belief. 6. Construction of Huong Son kindergartens: There is no sensitive works 7. Upgrading of Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten: There is no sensitive works 8. Rehabilitation of Xuong Rong drainage ditch: There is no sensitive works 9. Rehabilitation of Mo Bach stream drainage ditch: There is one sensitive works Thai Hai Primary school - Inform the school management unit of the construction activities and and Kindergarten their potential impacts such, waste, dust, and noise, traffic, and construction schedule at least two weeks before start of the construction - When construction at this section, it is required to implement within a shortest time. - Limit transportation at time when pupils and children go to school and time after school (studying time on weekdays: 6h30 - 7h30, 11h - 12h, 13h - 14h and 16h30 - 17h30). Page | 194 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Sensitive works Mitigation measures - At time after school, arrange the staff to guide traffic at the point of congestion. - Install fences and barriers. - Arrange lights at night. - Drivers should reduce honking when passing through the school - Increase the frequency of watering 4 times per day on less-rainy summer days. 5.3. Mitigation measures during the operation phase Mitigation measures of site-specific impacts during the operation phase are shown in the table below: Table 79: Mitigation measures of impacts during the operation phase Site-specific impacts Mitigation measures 1) Changes in topography and flow of - The Subproject Owner coordinates with local Xuong Rong and Mo Bach ditch authorities, people in regularly checking the status of works to timely detect the risks of landslide, erosion by the flow. - Carry out periodical maintenance, arrange adequate budget for maintenance work. 2) Road safety during the operation of 04 - Improving knowledge of local people on road use roads and Dan bridge regulations and practices The Southnorth, Huong Thuong - Chua - Monitoring and enforcement of driver speed and Hang, Dong Bam, Le Huu Trac and the behavior. bridges of Huong Thuong, Mo Linh 1, Mo - When traffic volume is high, generation of dust, Linh 2 , Dan and NH3 overpass exhausted gases, noise, and vibration could be an additional issue but this could be mitigated through long term planning. 3) Change of the ecological landscape - Improving people knowledge on socio-economic and land use purposes development opportunity and risks related to social The Southnorth road, Huong Thuong - issues. Chua Hang road, Dong Bam road, Le Huu - Coordinate with local authorities in management, Trac road, Xuong Rong ditch, Mo Bach migration and use of land on 02 sides of the roads and ditch ditches. - Propagandize, raise awareness of people living near the subproject area about the sense of keeping environmental sanitation, ecological landscapes and protection of works. 4) Impacts of wastewater and waste - Raise awareness of kindergarten staff in saving water during the operation of kindergartens and limiting waste generation. Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung - Arrange carbage bins at the kindergartens’ campus. kindergartens - Daily collect waste and hire functional units for disposal. - The technical design included construction of preliminary wastewater treatment system (3- compartment septic tanks). - Arrangement of toilets (one per classroom) to collect domestic wastewater and prevent wastewater from Page | 195 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Site-specific impacts Mitigation measures overflowing into environment. - Periodically remove sludge from the septic tank of the kindergarten. 5) Risks of falling from height (into - Design and erect fences or barrier gate at the up and rivers, streams and drowning, falling down steps to the walking paths under the embankment, into hard foundation) - Build handrail for bridge and high-rise buildings Two ditches Xuong Rong and Mo Bach, - Plug warning signs and install lighting system in the Cau river, Mo Linh stream, Ho Nui Coc positions. diversion canal - Place warning signs at high-rise areas and bridges - Take propaganda about this risk in the first operational phase for local people accustomed to this situation. - Taking first aids for persons who get accidents and transporting them to the nearest hospitals and health service units. 6) Risks of landslide and subsidence - Regularly check locations at risks of landslide, - (i) embankment landslide and cracking subsidence (bridge abutments, embankments, positions or breaking in the two ditches of Xuong with soft and unstable soil ground). Rong and Mo Bach; - Allocate funds for maintenance, carry out periodical - (ii) Landslide of bridge abutments in 5 maintenance. bridges (Huong Thuong, Mo Linh 1, Mo - Raise awareness of road users not allowed to carrying Linh 2, Dan bridge, National Highway 3 overload as stipulated. overpass; - Check the works before, during and after the - (iii) Landslides and subsidence of the rainy/storm season to take appropriate corrective Southnorth road, Huong Thuong - Chua measures. Hang road, Dong Bam road, Le Huu - Coordinate with authorities and people in protection of Trac road or two kindergartens Huong right of way. Son and Phan Dinh Phung 7) Risks of flooding when formation of - Supplement horizontal sewers with sizes suitable for roads the intensity of rain and the flow of stormwater over the The Southnorth road, Huong Thuong – subproject area, if necessary. Chua Hang road, Dong Bam road and Le - Regularly check the areas at risk of flooding to design Huu Trac road additional horizontal sewers (if necessary). - Consult with local authorities and local authorities in the areas at risk of flooding in order to take measures to supplement sewers in time. - Clear the flow at the places at risks of flooding before, during and after the rainy/storm season. - Regularly carry out maintenance of works, bridges and sewers. 8) Impacts at disposal sites - Thường xuyên kiểm tra đê bao và bạt che mưa tại vị trí - Disposal site đổ thải trầm tích, đặc biệt trong mùa mưa bão. - Nếu phát hiện đê bao có dấu hiệu bị hư hỏng phải nhanh chóng đắp lại đê bao và thông báo cho chính quyền phường Tích Lương ngay lập tức. - Trước mùa mưa bão phải chuẩn bị sẵn một số các bao tải đất, cát để kịp thời đắp lại đê bao khi xả ra sự cố - Regularly check embankment and rainproof canvas at dumping area of slude, especially during rainy season. - If embankment are damaged, must be quickly repaired Page | 196 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Site-specific impacts Mitigation measures and notified to the authorities of Tich Luong ward immediately. - Prior to the rainy season, sacks of sand and soil are ready to cover the embankment timely Page | 197 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject CHAPTER 6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) Based on the assessment of the potential negative impacts discussed in Chapter 4 and the mitigation measures proposed in the previous Chapter 5, this chapter presents the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for subprojects of DCIDP. The ESMP identifies actions to be carried out under the subproject including the environmental monitoring program and the implementation arrangements, taken into account the need to comply with the Government’s ESIA regulations and the World Bank (WB)’s safeguard policies, including those of the World Bank Group’s Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines 6.1. Basic principles As a part of the ESIA, an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is a safeguards instrument that is typically used in many projects and which consists of information on and guidance for the process of mitigating and managing adverse environmental impacts throughout subproject implementation. Typically in Vietnam, an ESMP comprises a list of typical mitigation measures to be carried out by contractors, an environmental monitoring program, organization arrangements, and an estimated monitoring cost. There is a comprehensive regulatory framework in Vietnam related to ESIA preparation, environmental standards, protection and management of forest and cultural property, and other aspects related to construction and operation of facilities and infrastructures in Vietnam. This ESMP in consistent with these regulations To facilitate effective implementation of the ESMP, the PMU will: (a) Establish an Environment and Social Unit (ESU) responsible for ensuring timely implementation of the ESMP, including monitoring, reporting, and capacity building related to safeguards; (b) Assign the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) to also be responsible for supervision of the contractor’s safeguard performance as part of the construction contract and this requirement will be included in the CSC’s terms of reference; and (c) Hire qualified national consultants as the Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) to assist the ESU in performing its task. After completion of the subproject, Thai Nguyen People's Committee will assign the unit in charge of implementing mitigation measures during the subproject operation phase and these agencies will ensure the implementation of mitigation measures and provide fully budget. The Provincial Steering Committee (PSC), chaired by the Chairperson or Vice Chairperson of the Provincial People's Committee (PCP), will present overall policy guidelines and monitor the implementation of the subproject. The roles and responsibilities of the specialized agencies and Thai Nguyen Department of Planning and Investment, Thai Nguyen Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE) are important. In terms of laying out the mitigation measures of the ESMP, there are two fundamental parts to this ESMP. Firstly, the City has developed and will use Urban Construction Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOPs). These ECOPs outline typical generic low-level impacts that can be expected to occur in a wide range of construction activities of the subproject. They include mitigation measures for these impacts and a process for including them in the construction contracts of contractors. During the detailed design of technical specifications for each contract, the technical design consultant will incorporate into the contract the parts of the ECOPs specific to that contract, as well as the specific measures identified in the ESMP. Secondly, all site-specific impacts that are either not covered in the general ECOPs or which are of an order of magnitude that require mitigation measures not covered in the ECOPs, are described in more detail in the ESMP. The mitigation measures are derived from the more detailed analysis. Page | 198 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Activities to be carried out to mitigate impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement are presented separately (RP and RPF) and they will be carried out and monitored separately. 6.2. Mitigation measures 6.2.1. Mitigation plan of generic impacts (ECOPs) Below are the mitigation measures themselves. Types of impacts covered in this document are:(1) Impacts of dust; (2) Air pollution; (3) Noise and vibration; (4) Water pollution; (5) Solid waste; (6) Hazardous wastes; (7) Traffic management; (8) Restoration of affected areas (9) Worker and public Safety; (10) Communication with local communities about subproject environmental issues; (11) Health and Safety for workers and the public; (12) Chance finding procedures, (13) Fire hazard due to accident. Page | 199 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 80: Generic mitigation measures Environmental and Applicable National Responsibility Mitigation measures social issues Regulations, Standards Implementation Supervision 1. Impacts of dust - The Contractor is responsible for ensuring compliance with relevant - Decision No. 35/2005/QD- Contractor PMU, CSC Vietnamese legislation with respect to ambient air quality. BGTVT on inspection of - The Contractor shall ensure that dust generation is mitigated and will quality, technical safety and not annoy local people and implement measures to control dust environmental protection concentration in order to maintain safe working place and minimize - QCVN 05:2013/MONRE: disturbance to surrounding residences/houses. National technical - Material loads shall be suitably secured during transportation to prevent regulation on ambient air the scattering of soil, sand, materials or dust. quality. - Exposed soil and material stockpiles shall be protected against wind - QCVN 18:2014/BXD erosion and the location of stockpiles shall take into consideration the National technical prevailing wind directions and locations of sensitive receptors regulation on safety in - Dust masks should be used where dust levels are excessive. construction. - EHS Guidelines. 2. Air pollution - All vehicles must comply with Vietnamese regulations controlling - Decision No. 35/2005/QD- Contractor PMU, CSC allowable emission limits of exhaust gases. BGTVT on inspection of - Vehicles in Vietnam must undergo a regular emissions check and get quality, technical safety and certified named: “Certificate of conformity from inspection of quality, environmental protection technical safety and environmental protection” following Decision No. - QCVN 05: 2013/MONRE: 35/2005/QD-BGTVT; National technical - There should be no burning of waste or construction materials (for regulation on ambient air example: asphalt, etc.) on site. quality. - QCVN 18:2014/BXD National technical regulation on safety in construction. - EHS Guidelines. 3. Noise and - The contractor is responsible for compliance with the relevant - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: Contractor PMU, CSC vibration Vietnamese legislation with respect to noise and vibration. National technical - All vehicles must have appropriate “Certificate of conformity from regulation on noise Page | 200 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Environmental and Applicable National Responsibility Mitigation measures social issues Regulations, Standards Implementation Supervision inspection of quality, technical safety and environmental protection” - QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT: following Decision No. 35/2005/QD-BGTVT; to avoid exceeding noise National technical emission from poorly maintained machines. When needed, measures to regulation on vibration. reduce noise to acceptable levels must be implemented and could - QCVN 18:2014/BXD include silencers, mufflers, acoustically dampened panels or placement National technical of noisy machines in acoustically protected areas. regulation on safety in - Avoiding or minimizing transportation through or processing material in construction. community areas (like concrete mixing). - EHS Guidelines. 4. Water pollution - The Contractor must be responsible for compliance with the relevant - 14:2008/BTNMT: National Contractor PMU, CSC Vietnamese legislation relevant to wastewater discharges into technical regulation on watercourses. domestic wastewater. - Portable or constructed hygienic toilets must be provided on site for - EHS Guidelines. construction workers. Wastewater from toilets as well as kitchens, showers, sinks, etc. shall be discharged into a conservancy tank for removal from the site or discharged into local sewerage systems; there should be no direct discharges to any water body. - Wastewater over standards set by relevant Vietnam technical standards/regulations must be collected in a conservancy tank and removed from site by licensed waste collectors. - Implement measure to collect, redirect or block municipal wastewater disposed from surrounding houses to properly dispose and ensure that local blocking or flooding are minimized. - Before construction, all necessary wastewater disposal permits/licenses and/or wastewater disposal contract have been obtained. - At completion of construction works, wastewater collection tanks and septic tanks shall be safely disposed or effectively sealed off. 5. Solid waste - Before construction, a solid waste control procedure (storage, provision - Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP Contractor PMU, CSC of bins, site clean-up schedule, bin clean-out schedule, etc.) must be on solid waste management. prepared by Contractors and it must be carefully followed during - EHS Guidelines. construction activities. - Before construction commencement, the Contractor must prepare the Page | 201 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Environmental and Applicable National Responsibility Mitigation measures social issues Regulations, Standards Implementation Supervision dredged material management plan. - Before construction, all necessary waste disposal permits or licenses must be obtained. - Measures shall be taken to reduce the potential for litter and negligent behavior with regard to the disposal of all refuse. At all places of work, the Contractor shall provide litter bins, containers and refuse collection facilities. - Solid waste may be temporarily stored on site in a designated area approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and relevant local authorities prior to collection and disposal through a licensed waste collector, for example, local environment and sanitation companies. - Waste storage containers shall be covered, tip-proof, weatherproof and scavenger proof. - No burning, on-site burying or dumping of solid waste shall occur. - Recyclable materials such as wooden plates for trench works, steel, scaffolding material, site holding, packaging material, etc shall be collected and separated on-site from other waste sources for reuse, for use as fill, or for sale. - If not removed off site, solid waste or construction debris shall be disposed of only at sites identified and approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and included in the solid waste plan. 6. Hazardous wastes - The removal of asbestos-containing materials or other toxic substances - Decree No. 38/2015/NĐ-CP Contractor PMU, CSC shall be performed and disposed of by specially trained and certified dated 24/04/2015 on waste workers. and scrap management - Used oil and grease shall be removed from site and sold to an approved - Circular No. 36/2015/TT- used oil recycling company. BTNMT on management of - Used oil, lubricants, cleaning materials, etc. from the maintenance of hazardous substance. vehicles and machinery shall be collected in holding tanks and removed - EHS Guidelines. from site by a specialized oil recycling company for disposal at an approved hazardous waste site. - Unused or rejected tar or bituminous products shall be returned to the Page | 202 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Environmental and Applicable National Responsibility Mitigation measures social issues Regulations, Standards Implementation Supervision supplier’s production plant. - Relevant agencies shall be promptly informed of any accidental spill or incident. - Appropriate communication and training programs should be put in place to prepare workers to recognize and respond to workplace chemical hazards. - Prepare and initiate a remedial action following any spill or incident. In this case, the contractor shall provide a report explaining the reasons for the spill or incident, remedial action taken, consequences/damage from the spill, and proposed corrective actions. 7. Traffic - Before construction, carry out consultations with local government and - Law on traffic and transport Contractor PMU, CSC management community. No. 23/2008/QH12; - Significant increases in number of vehicle trips must be included in a - Decree 46/2016/ND-CP on construction plan before approved. Routings, especially of heavy administrative penalty for vehicles, need to take into account sensitive sites such as schools, traffic safety violation hospitals, and markets. - Law on construction No. - Installation of lighting at night must be done if this is necessary to 50/2014/QH13; ensure safe traffic circulation. - QCVN 18:2014/BXD - Place signs around the construction areas to facilitate traffic movement, National technical provide directions to various components of the works, and provide regulation on safety in safety advice and warning. construction. - Employing safe traffic control measures, including road signs and flag persons to warn of dangerous conditions - Avoid material transportation for construction during rush hour. - Passageways for pedestrians and vehicles within and outside construction areas should be segregated and provide for easy, safe, and appropriate access. Signpost shall be installed appropriately in both water-ways and roads where necessary. 8. Restoration of - Temporary acquired areas to make warehouse, cable pulling site, etc. - Decree No. 167/2013/ND- Contractor Compliance affected areas are used for a short period of time, site facilities, workers’ camps, CP on administrative reported by stockpiles areas, working platforms and any areas temporarily occupied penalty for violations related CSC Page | 203 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Environmental and Applicable National Responsibility Mitigation measures social issues Regulations, Standards Implementation Supervision during construction of the subproject works shall be restored using to social security, order and landscaping, adequate drainage. safety issues. - All affected areas shall be landscaped and any necessary remedial works - QCVN 18:2014/BXD shall be undertaken without delay. These works may be green-spacing, National technical roads, bridges and other works to original existing etc. regulation on safety in - Soil contaminated with chemicals or hazardous substances shall be construction. removed and transported and buried in waste disposal areas in accordance with regulations; - Restore all roads caused by the subproject activities to their original state or better. 9. Worker and public - Contractor shall comply with all Vietnamese regulations regarding - Decree No. 167/2013/ND- Contractor PMU, CSC Safety worker safety. CP on administrative - Prepare and implement action plan to cope with risk and emergency. penalty for violations related to social security, order and - Preparation of emergency aid service at construction site. safety issues. - Training workers on occupational safety regulations - QCVN 18:2014/BXD - If blasting is to be used, additional mitigation measures and safety National technical precautions must be outlined in the ESMP. regulation on safety in - Ensure that ear pieces are provided to and used by workers who must construction. use noisy machines such as piling, explosion, mixing, etc., for noise - EHS Guidelines. control and workers protection. - During demolition of existing infrastructure, workers and the general public must be protected from falling debris by measures such as chutes, traffic control, and use of restricted access zones; - Install fences, barriers, dangerous warning/prohibition site around the construction area which showing potential danger to public people; - The contractor shall provide safety measures as installation of fences, barriers warning signs, lighting system against traffic accidents as well as other risk to people and sensitive areas 10. Communication - Maintain open communications with the local government and - Decree No. 167/2013/ND- Contractor PMU, CSC with local concerned communities; the contractor shall coordinate with local CP on administrative communities about Page | 204 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Environmental and Applicable National Responsibility Mitigation measures social issues Regulations, Standards Implementation Supervision subproject authorities (leaders of local wards or communes) for agreed schedules of penalty for violations related environmental issues construction activities at areas nearby sensitive places. to social security, order and - Copies in Vietnamese of these ECOPs and of other relevant safety issues. environmental safeguard documents shall be made available to local - EHS Guidelines. communities and to workers at the site. - Disseminate subproject information to affected parties (for example local authority) through community meetings before construction commencement; - Provide a community relations contact from whom interested parties can receive information on site activities, subproject status and subproject implementation results; - Provide all information, especially technical findings, in a language that is understandable to the general public and in a form of useful to interested citizens and elected officials through the preparation of fact sheets and disclosure, when major findings become available during subproject phase; - Monitor community concerns and information requirements as the subproject progresses; - Respond to telephone inquiries and written correspondence in a timely and accurate manner; - Provide technical documents and drawings to PC’s community, especially a sketch of the construction area and the ESMP of the construction site; - Notification boards shall be erected at all construction sites providing information about the subproject, as well as contact information about the site managers, environmental staff, health and safety staff, telephone numbers and other contact information so that any affected people can have the channel to voice their concerns and suggestions. 11. Health and - Training in HIV/AIDS within 2 weeks prior to the commencement of - Directive No. 02 /2008/CT- Contractor PMU, CSC Safety for workers packages for construction items lasting at least 6 months. BXD on labour safety and and the public - Provide training in first-aid skill and first-aid kit to workers and site sanitation in construction Page | 205 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Environmental and Applicable National Responsibility Mitigation measures social issues Regulations, Standards Implementation Supervision engineer agencies; - Regularly exam worker’s health to ensure occupational health - Circular No. 22/2010/TT- - Provide workers with PPE such as masks, gloves, helmets, shoes/boots, BXD on regulation on goggles, safety belt, etc. and enforce wearing during working especially labour safety in construction working at heights and in dangerous areas. - QCVN 18:2014/BXD: - Limit or avoid working in extreme weather conditions, e.g. too hot, Technical regulation on heavy rain, strong wind, and dense fog. safety in construction. - Provision of proper eye protection such as welder goggles and/or a full- - EHS Guidelines. face eye shield for all personnel involved in, or assisting, welding operations. Additional methods may include the use of welding barrier screens around the specific work station (a solid piece of light metal, canvas, or plywood designed to block welding light from others). Devices to extract and remove noxious fumes at the source may also be required. - Special hot work and fire prevention precautions and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) should be implemented if welding or hot cutting is undertaken outside established welding work stations, including ‘Hot Work Permits, stand-by fire extinguishers, stand-by fire watch, and maintaining the fire watch for up to one hour after welding or hot cutting has terminated. Special procedures are required for activities on tanks or vessels that have contained flammable materials. - Safely install power lines at offices and in construction sites and do not lay connectors on the ground or water surface. Electric wires must be with plugs. Place outdoor electric panels in protection cabinets. - Limit vehicle speed at 5km/hour at construction site and 20km/h on transportation routes across local resident areas. - Install fences, barriers for dangerous warning/prohibition sites around the construction area which show potential danger to the public. - Provide safety measures as installation of fences, barriers warning signs, lighting system against traffic accidents as well as other risk to people and sensitive areas. - Provide sufficient lighting when carrying out construction activities at Page | 206 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Environmental and Applicable National Responsibility Mitigation measures social issues Regulations, Standards Implementation Supervision night. - Locate noise-generating sources and concrete mixing plants far enough from and downwind of residential areas and camps. - Store fuels and chemicals in areas with impermeable ground, roofs, surrounding banks, and warning signs at least 50 m far from and downwind of residential areas and the camps. - Provide training in fire-fighting to workers and fire-extinguishers for the camps. - Prepare an emergency plan for chemical/fuel spill incident risk before construction begins. - Provide the camps with sufficient supplies of clean water, power, and sanitary facilities. There must be at least one toilet compartment for every 30 workers, with separate toilets for males and females. Workers’ beds must be provided with mosquito nets so as to prevent dengue fever. Temporary tents will be unacceptable. - Clean camps, kitchens, baths, and toilets and sanitize regularly, and keep good sanitation. Provide dustbins and collect wastes daily from the camps. Clear drainage ditches around the camps periodically. - Stop all construction activities during rains and storms, or upon accidents or serious incidents. 12. Chance finding - If the Contractor discovers archeological sites, historical sites, remains - Law on cultural heritage - Contractor, PMU, CSC procedures in case of and objects, including graveyards and/or individual graves during No. 28/2001/QH10; supervising finding objects with excavation or construction, the Contractor shall: - Amended and supplemented consultant historical or cultural - Stop the construction activities in the area of the chance find; Law on cultural heritage No. cooperates to values 32/2009/QH12; implement - Delineate the discovered site or area; - Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In - Decree No 98/2010/ND-CP dated 21/09/2010 on - Cultural cases of removable antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard shall guideline to implement Information be arranged until the responsible local authorities or the Department of Cultural Heritage Law. Department Culture and Information takes over; - Notify the Construction Supervision Consultant who in turn will notify responsible local or national authorities in charge of the Cultural Page | 207 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Environmental and Applicable National Responsibility Mitigation measures social issues Regulations, Standards Implementation Supervision Property of Viet Nam (within 24 hours or less); - Contractor, - Relevant local or national authorities would be in charge of protecting Owner and local and preserving the site before deciding on subsequent appropriate Authority procedures. This would require a preliminary evaluation of the findings to be performed. The significance and importance of the findings should be assessed according to the various criteria relevant to cultural heritage; those include the aesthetic, historic, scientific or research, social and economic values; - Decisions on how to handle the finding shall be taken by the responsible authorities. This could include changes in the layout (such as when finding an irremovable remain of cultural or archeological importance) conservation, preservation, restoration and salvage; - If the cultural sites and/or relics are of high value and site preservation is recommended by the professionals and required by the cultural relics authority, the Subproject’s Owner will need to make necessary design changes to accommodate the request and preserve the site; - Decisions concerning the management of the finding shall be communicated in writing by relevant authorities; - Construction works could resume only after permission is granted from the responsible local authorities concerning safeguard of the heritage. 13. Fire hazard due - Comply with the national law and regulation on fire prevention and - Decree 46/2012/ND-CP. Contractor PMU, CSC to accident fight extinguishing. - QCVN 18:2014/BXD - Prepare an emergency preparedness plan for fire hazard control. National technical regulation on safety in - Equip the substation with enough number of fire extinguishers. construction. - Frequently examine equipment to detect and repair fire hazard. - Train operation staff on fire prevention and fire control. Page | 208 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 6.2.2. Mitigation plan of site-specific impacts during the construction phase Table 81: Mitigation plan of site-specific impacts during the construction phase Site-specific impacts Specific mitigation measures Responsibility Supervised 1) Impacts on water - The dredging operation is conducted only during the dry season; Contractor PMU, CSC environment - Create sedimentation traps and maintain them periodically to ensure that most solids in surface Two drainage ditches of runoff are retained in the traps before entering the existing drains or water sources surrounding the Xuong Rong and Mo Bach; sites; 04 bridges (Huong Thuong - Leachate from sediments must be first deposited in sedimentation hole/trap before entering the bridge, Mo Linh 1, Mo Linh river. 2, Dan bridge) - Strictly prohibit contractors to discharge waste into river - Collection of redundancy material on site is implemented daily. Upon forecasted stormy weather, suspend all the construction activities, tidy up the sites, brace and protect the materials and construction machines. - Do not gather construction materials as well as machinery and equipment near the river. Gathering small quantities of materials fit with the schedule. Materials must be covered with tarpaulin, avoiding the upwind location, near the river. - Strictly prevent hazardous waste, waste oils or particularly greasy rags from entering the flow. - Comply with QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT, QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, QCVN 18:2014/BXD. 2) Impacts caused by - Before dredging, reinforcement will be conducted. This construction method must be proposed Contractor PMU, CSC erosion, subsidence and submitted to the authorities concerned for approval by the construction contractors. and damages to - Ensure that land acquisition and house relocation at the site boundary is completed prior to existing structures commencing construction work. NH3 overpass, Xuong Rong ditch, Mo Bach ditch, - Use appropriate construction methods with each construction site location. Huong Son and Phan Dinh - Closely monitoring the vibration level Phung kindergartens - Construction of side slope is made in accordance with the design - Do not carry out dredging works in rainy season. - Do not place heavy machineries and transportation vehicles near the canals banks. Inspection and supervision on land subsidence risks must be taken regularly in order to prepare the appropriate reinforcement plans. Page | 209 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Site-specific impacts Specific mitigation measures Responsibility Supervised - Ensure the constant presence of supervision consultants and contractors during construction to monitor the potential risk of erosion and landslides and if necessary take the appropriate action. - Comply with QCVN 18:2014/BXD. 3) Impacts on - Coordinate with the local authority to inform local people of the construction plan prior to Contractor PMU, CSC waterway transport construction; on river - Coordinate with management unit of waterway to flag the signal system on the inland waterway Huong Thuong bridge and the transport will travel through; Cau river - Provide the workers with all appropriate PPE and ensure that life jackets are used in proximity to water. Safety staff must be available at all times for timely rescue in case of incidents. - Place warning boards along the construction route, both on land and water surface (arrange the road and waterway traffic guide). - Comply with Law on inland waterway navigation No. 23/2004/QH11, the Law on amendment and supplement of a number of Articles of the Law on inland waterway navigation No. 48/2014/QH13 and guidelines on waterway safety of the Ministry of Transport. 4) Impacts on studying - Inform pupils at least one month in advance of the estimated relocation schedule to temporary place. Contractor PMU, CSC and teaching - Consult with parents on measures to minimize the psychological effects of children during the relocation Phan Dinh Phung process. kindergarten when - Ensure water supply, electricity supply and facilities at the temporary place of teaching and learning. relocation to temporary - Notify the local community around the temporary place of teaching and learning of the teaching and place learning plan of Phan Dinh Phung Kindergarten. - Relocate to a temporary place of learning and teaching nearby the current place of the kindergarten. 5) Impacts of malodor - Notify the construction progress of each section dredging for surrounding people. Contractor PMU, CSC from dredged - Dredged materials are transported to the disposal site by specialized vehicles. materials - Do not gather dredged material along the ditches. Xuong Rong and Mo - Use lime powder to limit malodor dispersion, if necessary. Bach ditches - Do not construct at the rest time, limit construction after 18h. - Consult closely with local people and communities for appropriate mitigation measures. - Provide adequate personal protective equipment for all workers. Page | 210 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Site-specific impacts Specific mitigation measures Responsibility Supervised - Comply with QCVN 18:2014/BXD. 6) Leaking water from - Dredging activities are only carried out in the dry season; Contractor PMU, CSC dredging - Water leaking from sediment must be deposited in settling tank/trap before discharging into river; 02 ditches of Xuong Rong - The process of transporting dredged materials must use specialized vehicles with containers. and Mo Bach - No dredging at the time of water intaking for agricultural production activities of the local people. - Comply with QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT, QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, QCVN 18:2014/BXD. 7) Impacts on - Informing the community of the construction schedule at least two week before the construction. Contractor PMU, CSC agricultural - Arrange drainage around the construction sites to prevent soil erosion and sedimentation into the production rice fields and irrigation canals. The Southnorth road, Huong Thuong bridge, Huong - Regularly check the affected on-field irrigation canals to ensure they are not blocked by Thuong – Chua Hang road, construction spoil or waste and if they are affected, provide alternative irrigation water from canals Dong Bam road, Le Huu to the locations the local people request. Trac road, Xuong Rong and - Immediately rehabilitate irrigation canals if they are damaged by construction activities to ensure Mo Bach ditches that water supply for the rice fields is maintained. - Closely consult with the local community to ensure that suitable solutions to problems are taken and communities’ concerns related to construction activities are addressed. 8) Impacts on - Coordinate with the local authority to inform local people of the construction plan prior to Contractor PMU, CSC groundwater quality construction; Construction sites of Huong - Coordinate with the management unit of waterway to flag the signal system on the inland Thuong bridge, Mo Linh 1, waterway the transport will travel through; Mo Linh 2, Dan bridges, NH3 overpass or two - Provide the workers with all appropriate PPE and ensure that life jackets are used in proximity to ditches of Xuong Rong and water. Safety staff must be available at all times for timely rescue in case of incidents. Mo Bach - Place warning boards along the construction route, both on land and water surface (arrange the road and waterway traffic guide). - Comply with QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT, QCVN 18:2014/BXD. 9) Impacts on traffic - Ensure that the contract requires the contractor, before commencing work, to provide a construction Contractor PMU, CSC circulation at plan with a detailed health, safety, environment and traffic management plan, which has to be provided to the local authorities and approved by CSC. Page | 211 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Site-specific impacts Specific mitigation measures Responsibility Supervised construction sites of - Inform local residents in advance (at least one week) of construction and work schedules, bridges interruption of services, traffic routes. Inform the community of the planned night construction at Dan bridge and NH3 least 2 days in advance. overpass - Put and maintain bulletin boards at the construction site, containing the following information: full name and phone number of the Contractor, Site Manager, Supervision Consultants and Subproject Owner, duration and scope of work. - Contractors should provide lighting at all construction sites at night; security guard staff at construction sites to moderate vehicles entering and exiting the construction site; - Put road construction warning signs at the site and maintain them for the duration of the work. - Sediment shall be transported out of construction site or transfer site within the day. Do not transport sediment during rush hours; - Limit the construction area to that within the designated site boundary. - Assign staff to control traffic during transportation, loading and unloading, at construction sites and sediment transfer site. - The Subproject Owner and the Contractor will arrange speed limit signs when passing throught the construction site, and arrange attention signs, etc. These signs are arranged at appropriate distances of approximately 2 km from the construction site in both ways and repeated every 500m. - The construction plan is publically informed to the local communities via the mass media such as television, broadcasting or newspapers, etc.; - The construction method is successive and the construction mainly takes place at nights with the sufficient provision of lighting system at the construction site and at instructive areas; - Close coordination with the highway authority will be made to have appropriate measures for traffic diversion and construction; and - The construction activities will not be started until the Subproject Owner obtains permission from the NH3 authority - Comply with QCVN 18:2014/BXD. 10) Business - Inform the street household businesses of the construction activities and their potential impacts Contractor PMU, CSC interruption such, waste, dust, and noise, traffic, and construction schedule at least 02 weeks before start of the 74 business households construction. - Provide safe and easy access to the household businesses putting clean and strong thick wood Page | 212 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Site-specific impacts Specific mitigation measures Responsibility Supervised panels or steel plates over the open ditches or manholes. - Do not use machines generating loud noise and high vibration levels near the household businesses. - Spray sufficient water to suppress dust during dry and windy days at least three times a day at site that is near household businesses. - Deploy staff to guide the traffic during construction during transportation, loading and unloading of construction materials and wastes, and to guard high risk operations. - Cleaning up construction areas at the end of the day, especially construction areas in front of business shops. - Manage the worker force to any avoid the conflict with the local people and household businesses. - Compensate goods, products damaged by construction activities of the subproject. - Immediately address any issue/problem caused by the construction activities and raised by the local household businesses. 11) Dust and exhaust - Clearly notify the local community of the welding plan. Contractor PMU, CSC gas from welding - Do not weld in the head of wind direction, the area is easy to fire. Dan bridge, Mo Linh 1 and - Provide labor protective equipment for workers. Mo Linh 2, NH 3 overpass - Provide eye protection equipment for workers directly involved in the welding process. and Huong Thuong bridge - Provide signboards or warning signs for the welding areas. - Comply with QCVN 18:2014/BXD. 12) Risks and unsafety - Coordinate with local authorities to inform people of construction plans at least two weeks before Contractor PMU, CSC during construction construction. nearby the - Provide labor protection equipment for workers. production forest - Build regulations and rules on the construction site and disseminate to workers before carrying out Huong Thuong – Chua Hang construction activities. road, Le Huu Trac road, Mo - Prohibit hunting of animals around the construction site Bach ditch - Prohibit burning, smoking and cooking near inflammable areas or production forests - Prohibit workers’ cutting down trees outside the construction site. Page | 213 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Site-specific impacts Specific mitigation measures Responsibility Supervised - Propangadize and raise workers’ awareness of forest protection and development. - Provide medicine cabinets at the construction sites. - Comply with Standard QCVN 18: 2014/BXD. 6.2.3. Mitigation Plan of Impacts on Sensitive Works during the construction phase Table 82: Mitigation measures of impacts on sensitive works during the construction phase Sensitive works Impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility Supervised 1. Construction of Southnorth road & Huong Thuong bridge: There are two sensitive works Huong Thuong commune - Dust, exhaust gases. - Inform the school management of the Contractor PMU, CSC kindergarten - Noise, vibration. construction activities and their potential impacts such, waste, dust, and noise, traffic, and construction schedule - Traffic jam at time after school from at least two weeks before start of the construction Monday to Friday, starting time from 7 - 8 am and the ending time from 16h30 - Install safety warning signs at around the school. - 17h30 - Spray sufficient water to suppress dust during dry and - Potential risk of traffic accidents at windy days at least two times a day on the route. time taking children to the school and - Arrange staff to guide the traffic during transportation time after school due to transportation of construction materials and wastes when pupils go to of construction materials. and leave the school. - Affect health of children and teachers - Truck drivers shall restrict the use of horns close to the due to uncollected domestic waste and school location. waste water. - Limiting transporting on rush hours when pupils go to - Affect recreation and entertainment and leave the school (the studying time every weekday: activities of children. 7h00-8h00; 16h30 - 17h30). Water pumping station near - Interruption of water pumping for - Informing the community of the construction schedule Contractor PMU, CSC Huong Thuong bridge irrigation of 80 ha of fields in Huong at least two week before the construction. Thuong commune - Arrange drainage system around the construction sites - Impacts on development of plants, to prevent soil erosion and sedimentation into water reducing productivity of rice, leading to Page | 214 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Sensitive works Impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility Supervised affecting income of people collection points of Pumping station. - Transportation can damage - Regularly check the affected on-field pumping station to equipment of the pumping station. ensure they are not blocked by construction spoil or - Affect period of water irrigation for waste and if they are affected, provide alternative water agricultural production activities. collection points from the river to the locations the local people request. - Potential risks of landslide and erosion during the construction. - Immediately rehabilitate water collection points if they are damaged by construction activities to ensure that water supply for the rice fields is maintained. - Closely consult with the local community to ensure that suitable solutions to problems are taken and communities’ concerns related to construction activities are addressed. 2. Construction of Huong Thuong – Chua Hang road: There are 5 sensitive works Linh Trung communal - Dust, exhaust gases. - Inform the Head of Linh Trung communal house of the Contractor PMU, CSC house - Noise, vibration. detailed construction schedule, activities, and associated impacts at least one month before start of the - Dropped solid waste will affect the construction. spiritual and social activities of local people when going to the communal - Prepare a proper construction schedule to avoid negative house. impact on Linh Trung communal house’s activities. - Restrict people’s access to Linh - Stockpile of construction materials, storage of wastes Trung communal house. and maintenance of construction equipment and machineries should be in places not affecting access to - Risks of community conflicts. the cultural house. - Contractors will implement measures to mitigate dust, noise and vibration impacts on Linh Trung communal house. - Worker camps must be located at least 200 meters far from the communal house. - Workers are required to have a good behavior with local Page | 215 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Sensitive works Impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility Supervised culture and respect for local belief. - Vehicles passing through the sensitive areas have to reduce speed, do not honk and give way to local people. Thong hamlet lake - Wastwwater, solid waste and - During the construction process, if the dead fish is Contractor PMU, CSC hazardous waste dropped into the lake found and verified to be caused by the subproject causes death of fishes construction, the Client shall compensate for local - Affect economy of fishery household people and prepare plan to clean water of the lake. - Affect lake water quality. - Putting the provision of fishing ban at the lake into the internal rules, regularly check and have a punishment - Conflicts between workers and local plan if workers violate. people - If workers fish at the lake, the Client must have compensation plan for the local people Nam Son hamlet church - Dust, exhaust gases. - Inform the Head of the church of the detailed Contractor PMU, CSC - Noise, vibration. construction schedule, activities, and associated impacts at least one month before start of the construction. - Traffic jams and accidents - Vehicles passing through the sensitive areas have to - Conflicts between workers and local reduce speed, do not honk and give way to local people. people. - Stockpile of construction materials, storage of wastes - Restrict people’s access to the and maintenance of construction equipment and church. machineries should be in places not affecting access to the church. - Contractors will implement measures to mitigate dust, noise and vibration impacts on the church. - Worker camps must be located at least 200 meters far from the church. - Workers are required to have a good behavior with local culture and respect for local belief. - Limit transportation of construction materials on weekends. - No transportation of construction materials on Page | 216 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Sensitive works Impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility Supervised weekends and festivals: Christmas (December 25); Easter (8 April 2018); Thanksgiving Holidays (23 Nov. 2017 & 22 Nov. 2018); Holy day (1 Nov.); All Souls day (2 Nov.); Feast day (8 Dec.); Cemetery in Chua Hang - Solid waste dropped will affect - Inform local people of the construction schedule Contractor PMU, CSC ward environmental sanitation of the area. - The vehicles passing through the sensitive area should - Restrict people’s access to the reduce speed, do not honk and give way to local people. cemetery. - Regularly collect waste and wastewater on the - Affect the activities of tending construction site to minimize impacts on the cemetery. graves - Close consultation with the local communities to - Conflicts between workers and local ensure proper resolution of people’s complaints related to people. construction acitivities. - Not cause noise and not construction at time of funeral at the cemetery. Monument to War Heroes - Solid waste dropped will affect - Inform local people of the construction schedule Contractor PMU, CSC and Martyrs in Chua Hang environmental sanitation of the area. - No transportation of building materials on 26 – 27 July ward - Restrict people’s access to the annually cemetery. - The vehicles passing through the sensitive area should - Affect the activities of tending and reduce speed, do not honk and give way to local people. worship. - Drivers should limit honk when passing thorugh Chua - Conflicts between workers and local Hang Monument to War Heroes and Martyrs. people. - Regularly collect domestic waste and construction waste around the Monument and transport to the stipulated place. 3. Upgrading and construction of Dong Bam road: There are two sensitive works Cemetery in Nhi Hoa - Solid waste dropped will affect - Inform local people of the construction schedule Contractor PMU, CSC village Page | 217 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Sensitive works Impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility Supervised environmental sanitation of the area. - The vehicles passing through the sensitive area should - Restrict people’s access to the reduce speed, do not honk and give way to local people. cemetery. - Regularly collect domestic waste and construction - Affect the activities of tending waste on the construction site to minimize impacts on the graves. Cemetery. - Conflicts between workers and local - Close consultation with the local communities to people. ensure proper resolution of people’s complaints related to Cemetery near Dong Bam construction acitivities. residential area - Not cause noise and not construction at time of funeral at the cemetery. 4. Upgrading of Dan birdge: No sensitive works 5. Upgrading and Construction of Le Huu Trac road: There is one sensitive works Thai Nguyen Provincial - Dust, exhaust gas. - Inform the Head of Hospisal of the detailed construction Contractor PMU, CSC Mental Hospisal - Noise, vibration. schedule, activities, and associated impacts at least one month before start of the construction. - Solid waste. - The vehicles passing through the hospital should reduce - Wastewater speed, do not honk and give way to people. - Affect the examination and treatment - Stockpile of construction materials, storage of wastes of diseases. and maintenance of construction equipment and - Traffic jams and accidents. machineries should be in places not affecting access to - Conflicts with workers. the hospital. - Restrict access. - Contractors will implement measures to mitigate dust, noise and vibration impacts on the hospital. - Worker camps must be located at least 200 meters far Page | 218 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Sensitive works Impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility Supervised from the hospital. - Workers are required to have a good behavior with local culture and respect for local belief. 6. Construction of Huong Son kindergartens: There is no sensitive works 7. Upgrading of Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten: There is no sensitive works 8. Rehabilitation of Xuong Rong drainage ditch: There is no sensitive works 9. Rehabilitation of Mo Bach stream drainage ditch: There is one sensitive works Thai Hai Primary school - Dust, exhaust gas. - Inform the school management unit of the construction Contractor PMU, CSC and Kindergarten - Noise, vibration. activities and their potential impacts such, waste, dust, and noise, traffic, and construction schedule at least two - Solid waste. weeks before start of the construction - Wastewater - When construction at this section, it is required to - Odor from dredging implement within a shortest time. - Traffic jams and accidents. - Limit transportation at time when pupils and children - Restrict parents’ and teachers’ go to school and time after school (studying time on access. weekdays: 6h30 - 7h30, 11h - 12h, 13h - 14h and 16h30 - - Community conflicts. 17h30). - Affect outdoor activities. - At time after school, arrange the staff to guide traffic at the point of congestion. - Install fences and barriers. - Arrange lights at night. - Drivers should reduce honking when passing through the school - Increase the frequency of watering 4 times per day on less-rainy summer days. 6.2.4. Mitigation plan of site-specific impacts during the operation phase Table 83: Mitigation plan of site-specific impacts during the operation phase Page | 219 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Supervise Site-specific impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility d 1) Changes in topography and flow - The Subproject Owner coordinates with local authorities, people in regularly - Operation - PPMU of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach checking the status of works to timely detect the risks of landslide, erosion by the management unit ditch flow. - Local government - Carry out periodical maintenance, arrange adequate budget for maintenance work. 2) Road safety during the operation - Improving knowledge of local people on road use regulations and practices - Operation - PPMU of 04 roads and Dan bridge - Monitoring and enforcement of driver speed and behavior. management unit The Southnorth, Huong Thuong - - When traffic volume is high, generation of dust, exhausted gases, noise, and - Local government Chua Hang, Dong Bam, Le Huu Trac vibration could be an additional issue but this could be mitigated through long term and the bridges of Huong Thuong, Mo planning. Linh 1, Mo Linh 2 , Dan and NH3 overpass 3) Change of the ecological - Improving people knowledge on socio-economic development opportunity and risks - Operation - PPMU landscape and land use purposes related to social issues. management unit The Southnorth road, Huong Thuong - - Coordinate with local authorities in management, migration and use of land on 02 - Local government Chua Hang road, Dong Bam road, Le sides of the roads and ditches. Huu Trac road, Xuong Rong ditch, Mo - Propagandize, raise awareness of people living near the subproject area about the Bach ditch sense of keeping environmental sanitation, ecological landscapes and protection of works. 4) Impacts of wastewater and waste - Raise awareness of kindergarten staff in saving water and limiting waste generation. - Operation - PPMU during the operation of - Arrange carbage bins at the kindergartens’ campus. management unit kindergartens - Local government - Daily collect waste and hire functional units for disposal. Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung kindergartens - The technical design included construction of preliminary wastewater treatment system (3-compartment septic tanks). - Arrangement of toilets (one per classroom) to collect domestic wastewater and prevent wastewater from overflowing into environment. - Periodically remove sludge from the septic tank of the kindergarten. 5) Risks of falling from height (into - Design and erect fences or barrier gate at the up and down steps to the walking paths - Operation - PPMU rivers, streams and drowning, under the embankment, management unit falling into hard foundation) Page | 220 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Supervise Site-specific impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility d Two ditches Xuong Rong and Mo - Build handrail for bridge and high-rise buildings - Local government Bach, Cau river, Mo Linh stream, Ho - Plug warning signs and install lighting system in the positions. Nui Coc diversion canal - Place warning signs at high-rise areas and bridges - Take propaganda about this risk in the first operational phase for local people accustomed to this situation. - Taking first aids for persons who get accidents and transporting them to the nearest hospitals and health service units. 6) Risks of landslide and subsidence - Regularly check locations at risks of landslide, subsidence (bridge abutments, - Operation - PPMU - (i) embankment landslide and embankments, positions with soft and unstable soil ground). management unit cracking or breaking in the two - Allocate funds for maintenance, carry out periodical maintenance. - Local government ditches of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach; - Raise awareness of road users not allowed to carrying overload as stipulated. - (ii) Landslide of bridge abutments in - Check the works before, during and after the rainy/storm season to take appropriate 5 bridges (Huong Thuong, Mo Linh corrective measures. 1, Mo Linh 2, Dan bridge, National - Coordinate with authorities and people in protection of ROW Highway 3 overpass; - (iii) Landslides and subsidence of the Southnorth road, Huong Thuong - Chua Hang road, Dong Bam road, Le Huu Trac road or two kindergartens Huong Son and Phan Dinh Phung 7) Risks of flooding when formation - Supplement horizontal sewers with sizes suitable for the intensity of rain and the - Operation - PPMU of roads flow of stormwater over the subproject area, if necessary. management unit The Southnorth road, Huong Thuong – - Regularly check the areas at risk of flooding to design additional horizontal sewers - Local government Chua Hang road, Dong Bam road and (if necessary). Le Huu Trac road - Consult with local authorities and local authorities in the areas at risk of flooding in order to take measures to supplement sewers in time. - Clear the flow at the places at risks of flooding before, during and after the rainy/storm season. - Regularly carry out maintenance of works, bridges and sewers. Page | 221 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Page | 222 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 6.2.5. Management of Impacts on Physical Cultural Resources Based on the ESIA study and the RAP preparation process, approximately 58 graves will be relocated for implementation of the subproject. The relocation of these 58 graves has been mentioned in the RAP. Based on ESIA study and the RAP preparation process, no sensitive works (communal houses, historic sites, and nature reserves) is affected by land acquisition. During excavation and dredging, specific procedures should be applied in the case of archaeological finds. Figure 49 below shows the steps to take. PMU will be responsible for overall coordination and reporting. Finding processes will be mentioned in all construction contracts and key personnel and contractors will be trained on how to implement these processes. Chance findings during the Stop construction and install fence for construction (Contractor and CSC) protection, immediately contact the PMU All stakeholders confirm on site (in form provided by CSC) Implement next steps under guidelines of PMU sends written report to the the Department of Culture, Information Department of Culture, Information and Tourism and Tourism (DCIT) Figure 49: Procedures for chance findings during the construction phase 6.3. Environmental - social monitoring program Environmental monitoring It is necessary to design an environmental monitoring program and implement this program at an appropriate frequency to document the overall performance of the subproject’s works as well as the short-term effects caused by the subproject’s construction activities. The environmental monitoring program will be implemented during construction, at all 3 levels: • Monitor compliance with mitigation measures, • Community-based monitoring, and • Monitoring environmental parameters established in the ESIA for each works. 6.3.1. Objectives of the environmental monitoring program Implementation plan of monitoring program is divided into 2 phases: pre-construction phase and construction phase. Monitoring program in the pre-construction phase was shown in the section 3, this section will setup an environmental monitoring program for construction phase. Do not conduct environmental monitoring during subproject operation phase due to mostly positive impacts on this phase. Mitigation measures determined during subproject preparation must be completed by the designer before construction. The proper design results must be included into the contractor's bids. During construction phase, some mitigation measures must be carried out before construction such as training for contractor and Construction Supervision Consultant. The detailed implementation plan for mitigation measures must be given out to be applied at site on commencement date. Such requirement is also available in the Bidding Documents and such Page | 223 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject plan shall be inspected by PPMU 6.3.2. Review of contractor's documents ESMP’s Implementation Plan must be prepared by the contractor and inspected by PPMU before the Bids are submitted. All documents submitted by the contractor are appraised in accordance with the subproject requirements are submitted PPMU and CSC to ensure that no works are undertaken unless the supervising engineer/supervision consultant is satisfied that the contractor has suitable proposals for managing the E&S risks of the activity in accordance with the employers requirements. Any changes in documents must be accepted by the environmental officer and CSE. Such documents must be continuously updated. 6.3.3. Environmental monitoring criteria 6.3.3.1. Environmental monitoring plan During subproject preparation and construction, the environmental monitoring is carried out by the Subproject Owner, concretely: Table 84: Location, parameters and frequency of monitoring program No Monitored items Construction phase I Monitoring of air quality, noise, vibration 1 Monitoring parameters TSP, CO, NO2, SO2, Leq, vibration 2 Monitoring frequency 06 month/time x 4 times Applied Regulation QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT; QCVN 3 26:2010/BTNMT; QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT 4 Monitoring locations 9 locations Table 85: Estimated cost for sampling and sample analysis Total Unit price Total amount No. Indicators Frequency Quantity samples (VND) (VND) Quality of air, noise and Every 6 1 9 36 vibration months 2,176,100 78,339,600 Total 78,339,600 6.3.3.2. Social monitoring plan Social monitoring plan during construction is shown in the Table 86. Table 86: Social monitoring plan during construction No. Form Site Frequency Basis I OSH monitoring - Quantity and conditions of cleaning tools - Construction site - First aid box - Worker camping 3 months/ - Medical works Environmenta 1 area - Number of infectious and contamination l hygiene time - Material cases mobilization areas - Communication plan on community health - Construction site 3 months/ - PPEs 2 Labor safety - Worker camping time - Safety signs Page | 224 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject No. Form Site Frequency Basis area - Number of accidents - Material mobilization areas Because construction time is about 24 months for each work item, the social monitoring will be executed about 8 times at each site. The supply of data on environmental monitoring at the construction site by contractors is considered a quantitative assessment tool for environmental quality around the construction site. Since then, construction supervision consultants have requested to add or change the construction methods and mitigation measures to minimize the social and environmental impact. 6.3.4. Monitoring implementation of Dredged Material Management Program (DMMP) In order to ensure that dredging, transportation and disposal activities do not cause negative impacts on the local population and environment, a guideline for preparation and monitoring of the dredged materials management plan is presented in the box below. Accordingly, the detailed design will include a DMMP Basic Testing and Development Program that reflects the guidelines below as appropriate. Guidelines for preparation and management of DMMP Major environmental and social issues related to contaminated dredged materials include: (a) Pollution during transport of dredged materials from the dredging site to the disposal site; (b) increased turbidity and water pollution in lakes and canals during the dredging; (c) other incidents, malodors and disturbances to residents; (d) Possible misuse of contaminated dredged materials for household and public infrastructure. To assist in the preparation of a DMMP due to activities undertaken in urban areas or existing water bodies that may also be used by other users, the following issues should be considered: • Assessment of sediment load. This assessment is to confirm whether the sediments contain large amounts of environmentally hazardous materials such as heavy metals and other toxins. If these substances are found to be greater than the permitted thresholds in the national environmental standard, a special discharge plan will be prepared in conjunction with a monitoring plan. This discharge plan will also establish a program to ensure that local residents do not use dredged materials for house construction or gardening. Sludge and sediment samples will be taken for analysis of major pollution indicators. Sampling and analysis must comply with the government regulations while sampling sites depend on the level of risk for each specific site. Volume in cubic meter No. of sediment sample Up to 25,000 3 25,000 to 100,000 4-6 100,000 to 500,000 6-10 500,000 to 2,000,000 10-20 For each 1,000,000 above 2,000,000 Additional 10 • Identification of available disposal site of dredged materials. The plan should also mention public land and private land that can be used with the permission of the affected households. Also, it should identify appropriate disposal sites for dredged materials Page | 225 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject suitably with the level of risk associated with them. For the areas of public land, land for building rural roads, the works where level of risks from dredged sludge is high, this dredged sludge must be disposed at the sanitary disposal sites that are currently operating. • Preparation for dredging and transportation plan of dredged materials/sludge. The waste sludge dredging and transport plan should outline: (a) dredging methods (using pipeline, pumping water before excavation and so on) and loading sludge to the disposal site or onto the transport vehicles or to the temporary disposal site. If the trucks are used, the transport route from the dredging site to the disposal site should be indicated, (b) the dredging time, (c) the type of vehicles and proposed measures to reduce the leakage of dredged materials from vehicles, (d) the contractor's responsibility for clearing roads and taking remedial actions, if necessary, and (e) communication plans for neighboring communities, including phone numbers in case of any complaints. • Temporary storage for non-contaminated sludge and sediments. Since the dredged materials will firstly be in a slurry state with suspended particles within 24-48 hours, all water drained from the temporary sludge storage site will be drained into the drainage ditch and discharged into the canal/lake. For the sites highly contaminated with organic matters and malodor, dredged materials must be removed in sealed containers out of the site as quickly as possible. In case bottom sludge is contaminated with organic matters, the dredged sludge will be transported to the suitable storage site which is design with appropriate location and size. A monitoring program for dumping of heavily contaminated dredged materials will also be prepared. • Identification of areas/main objects (such as business establishments, schools, public services, etc.) that is sensitive to dredging and transportation activities. The DMDP will cover an overall analysis of affected local business activities, limited access to water sources and traffic situation (affected by dredging), and provide a plan to minimize/compensate for obstructions. The plan should also include all possible measures to minimize impacts on local traffic and water supply. • Identification of main users of other water sources. The water sources from dredged lakes/rivers can be used by other objects, thus dredging can affect them. A water quality monitoring plan with specific stations and parameters should be prepared to monitor potential impacts on the users. Priority is given to monitoring areas sensitive to water quality changes (high suspended solids, low pH, high BOD and COD, high salinity, etc.), especially where water is used as a source of domestic and agriculture production purposes. In areas where dredging activities may have negative impacts on water users, the subproject owner must inform and consult with these users and take actions to address their concerns, incorporate implementation of water quality monitoring in the DMMP. 6.3.5. Monitoring efficiency of ESMP implementation The ESU with the support from the IEMC, will monitor the implementation of the ESMP during the bidding / detailed design stages as well as during the construction and first-year operation to ensure that (a) dredging and sludge treatment is made in accordance with the DMMP, (b) Other impacts included in ESMP are effectively managed and mitigated; and (c) traffic management is appropriate and the extent of impact is within acceptable limits (no complaints or unresolved cases). The results are kept strictly in the subproject documents for consideration by the PMU and the World Bank. The PMU will be responsible for payment of monitoring costs. 6.4. Roles and responsibilities for ESMP implementation 6.4.1. Institutional Arrangement Table 87 and Figure 50 indicating that ESMP during construction requires the involvement of Page | 226 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject several stakeholders and agencies, each with different roles and responsibilities including, PPMU, DONRE (Thai Nguyen Department of Natural Resources and Environment), the Contractors, the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC), Detailed Technical Design, and local communities. To ensure effective implementation of the ESMP, the following actions will be carried out during the implementation of the subproject: During the detailed design and tender documentation making - During the detailed design and preparation of bidding/ contractual documents for each package, the detailed technical design consultant will incorporate the mitigation measures and monitoring responsibilities provided in the ESMP and Environmental, Social, Health and Safety (ESHS) requirements into the detailed technical designs and standard procurement documents and contractual documents - PMU make effort to inform thebidders/contractors about the subproject safeguard requirements and request them to commit to comply. (1a) (1b) WB ) PMU DONRE (1c) City Sub- DONRE PMU’s Environmental Staff(s) (2a) (3a) (4a) (2c) (4c) CSC Contractor Communities (5) (2b) (3b) (4b) IEMC Figure 50: ESMP implementation structure Table 87: Environmental protection responsibilities Community/ Responsibilities Agencies PPMU PPMU will be responsible for monitoring the overall subproject implementation, including environmental compliance of the subproject. PPMU will have the final responsibility for ESMP implementation and environmental performance of the subproject during the construction and operational phases. Specifically, the PPMU will: (i) closely coordinate with local authorities in the participation of the community during subproject preparation and implementation; (ii) monitor and supervise ESMP implementation including incorporation of ESMP into the detailed technical designs and bidding and contractual documents; (iii) ensure that an environmental management system is set up and functions properly; (iv) be in charge of reporting on ESMP implementation to the DONRE and the World Bank. Page | 227 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Community/ Responsibilities Agencies In order to be effective in the implementation process, PPMU will assign Environmental Staff(s) (ES) to help with the environmental aspects of the subproject. PPMU The ES is responsible for monitoring the implementation of the subproject ESMP. Environmental Specifically, ES will be responsible for: (i) helping PPMU incorporate ESMP into and Social the detailed technical designs and civil works bidding and contractual documents; Staff(s) (ES) (ii) helping PPMU incorporate responsibilities for ESMP and supervision into the TORs, bidding and contractual documents for the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) and other safeguard consultant (IEMC) as needed; iii) providing relevant inputs to the consultant selection process; (iv) reviewing reports submitted by the CSC and safeguard consultants; (v) conducting periodic site checks; (vi) helping the PPMU on solutions to handle social issues of the subproject; and vii) preparing environmental and social performance section on the progress and review reports to be submitted to the DONRE and the World Bank. The CSC will assign Environmental and Social Staff(s) and will be responsible for routine supervising and monitoring all construction activities and for ensuring that Contractors comply with the requirements of the contracts and the ECOP. The Construction CSC will engage sufficient number of qualified staffs (e.g. Environmental Supervision Engineers) with adequate knowledge on environmental protection and construction Consultant subproject management to perform the required duties and to supervise the (CSC) Contractor’s performance. The CSC will also assist the PPMU in reporting and maintaining close coordination with the local community. Arrange, implement training on HIV/AIDS awareness rising for all workers, the local community, CSC team and PPMU staff. The cost for this training included in the consulting service contract. IEMC supports PMU/ESU to implement the ESMP in line with Government’s environmental regulations as well as the WB safeguard policies. In consultation with DONRE, IEMC will establish specific environmental monitoring program for IEMC the subproject to be implemented by CSC at key locations as shown in detailed design documents. PMU is responsible for preparation of the 6-month progress reports to be submitted to WB and DONRE, based on quarterly reports submitted by IEMC The contractor will assign Environmental and Social Staff(s) to carry out Environmental and Social mitigation measures proposed in ESMP. Based on the approved environmental specifications (ECOP) in the bidding and contractual documents, the Contractor is responsible for establishing a Contractor ESMP (CESMP) for each construction site area, submit the plan to PPMU and CSC for review and approval before commencement of construction. In addition, Contractor it is required that the Contractor get all permissions for construction (traffic control and diversion, excavation, labor safety, etc. before civil works) following current regulations. The Contractor is required to appoint a competent individual as the contractor‘s on-site Safety and Environment Officer (SEO) who will be responsible for monitoring the contractor‘s compliance with health and safety requirements, the CESMP requirements, and the environmental specifications (ECOP). Page | 228 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Community/ Responsibilities Agencies Take actions to mitigate all potential negative impacts in line with the objective described in the CESMP. Actively communicate with local residents and take actions to prevent disturbance during construction. Ensure that all staffs and workers understand the procedure and their tasks in the environmental management program. Report to the PPMU and CSC on any difficulties and their solutions. Report to local authority and PPMU and CSC if environmental accidents occur and coordinate with agencies and keys stakeholders to resolve these issues. Community: According to Vietnamese practice, the community has the right and responsibility to routinely monitor environmental performance during construction Local to ensure that their rights and safety are adequately protected and that the community mitigation measures are effectively implemented by contractors and the PPMU. If unexpected problems occur, they will report to the CSC and PPMU. Thai Nguyen Oversee implementation of subproject under recommendations of DONRE and People’s PPMU to ensure compliance of Government policy and regulations. DONRE is Committees, responsible for monitoring the compliance with the Government environmental DONRE requirements. 6.4.2. Environmental Compliance Framework (i) Environmental Duties of the Thai Nguyen PMU/Detail Design Consultants During the preparation of TORs for consulting services and construction bidding documents, Thai Nguyen PMU will also work closely with the consultants to ensure that: i) contract packaging and cost estimations includes ESMP implementation, including the services on independent safeguard monitoring, environmental sampling/monitoring and compliance supervision, reporting etc.; ii) ECOPs and relevant common as well as site-specific mitigation measures are incorporated into the bidding documents; iii) environmental supervision and training are included in the scope of works assigned to the construction supervision consultant. At feasibility study/detail engineering design stage, Thai Nguyen PMU shall work closely with the feasibility study consultants and detail design engineers to ensure that the greening/landscaping, environmental friendly solutions and relevant mitigation measures proposed in the ESIA/ESMP are considered and incorporated into the engineering design as appropriate. During construction phase, Thai Nguyen PMU shall work closely with the supervision consultant to monitor the compliance of contractors and report to relevant authorities. Thai Nguyen PMU will also direct the supervision consultant and contractors on the actions to be undertaken in case when issues are arisen, incidents or accidents etc. Thai Nguyen PMU will assign at least one staff with suitable qualifications to be Environmental Officer (EO) throughout project implementation. The EO will oversee environmental issues and monitor safeguard compliance of the subproject. The EO will be supported by the Independent Monitorign Consultant, the Environmetnal Officers of the construction supervision team as well as the contractors. Page | 229 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject (ii) Environmental Duties of the Contractor The contractor firstly shall adhere to minimize the impact that may be result of the project construction activities and secondly, apply the mitigation measures under ESMP to prevent harm and nuisances on local communities and environment caused by the impacts in construction and operation phases. Prior to construction, the contractor will be required to prepare and submit a contractor’s site - specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (Contractor’s SEMP) to the CSC and PMU based on the ESMP of the project and requirement in the Specification of Bidding Document. The CESMP shall be certified by the CSC with subsequent submission to the PMU for approval. No construction activity should be implemented before approval of the CESMP. Remedial actions that cannot be effectively carried out during construction should be carried out on completion of the works (and before issuance of the acceptance of completion of works). The duties of the Contractor include but not limiting to: - Compliance with relevant legislative requirements governing the environment, public health and safety; - Work within the scope of contractual requirements and other tender conditions; - Organize representatives of the construction team to participate in the joint site inspections undertaken by the Environmental Staffs of the CSC; - Carry out any corrective actions instructed by the Environmental Staffs of the PPMU and CSC; - In case of non-compliances/discrepancies, carry out investigation and submit proposals on mitigation measures, and implement remedial measures to reduce environmental impact; - Stop construction activities, which generate adverse impacts upon receiving instructions from the Environmental Staffs of PPMU and CSC. Propose and carry out corrective actions and implement alternative construction method, if required, in order to minimize the environmental impacts; Non-compliance by the Contractor will be cause for suspension of works and other penalties until the non-compliance has been resolved to the satisfaction of the ES of PPMU and CSC. - In case the contractor proposes to use source of raw materials that have not been covered in subproject ESIA, the contractor will report to the CSCs and PMUs and coordinate with them in carrying out due –diligence environmental review of these materials sources to assess their compliance to national environmental requirements. Only complied sources can be used under DCIDP. - The contractor shall be responsible for implementation of corrective measures at his costs. The contractor shall also be responsible for paying the costs of damages caused by non- compliance to ESMO and/or applicable environmental regulations. (iii) Contractor’s Environmental and Social Management Plan After contract signing, based on the ESIA and contractual conditions, the contractor will prepare a CESMP for each contract package and submit to the CSC and PMU for review and approval. The objective of the Contractor Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP) is to provide information for environmental management during the proposed works/activities on site of Hai Duong subproject. This is to ensure that the Contractor (and any subcontractors) have minimal impact on the environment. The CESMP will detail how the contractor will mitigate construction impacts and documents the contractor’s response to inspecting, monitoring, verifying, internal auditing and correcting or improving environmental performance. The CESMP must be site-specific and should include details of control measures Page | 230 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject that will be implemented on site to minimize any potential environmental impacts from the proposed works/activities. If the proposed works/activities contained within the CESMP are altered during the Contract, the CESMP will be required to be modified by the Contractor to reflect these changes or modifications. The CESMP shall include the following contents: (1) A statement of policy, providing a definition of the Contractor’s environmental policy and an indication of commitment to the execution of its Site Environmental Management Plan. (2) A brief document description; Date of issue; Revision status; Distribution list; and preparation personnel details and signoff. (3) Applicable laws and regulations associated with the requirements in the subproject ESMP. (4) Identification of the contractor licenses, permits and approval associated with the CESMP. (5) Details on how the environmental impacts identified in the subproject ESIA will be managed on site, including: 1) the site-specific measures to mitigate impacts during construction (pages 184-191); 2) ECOPs (pages 198-208); 3) site-specific EMP (pages 208- 213); and 4) the Contractor’s Dredging Management Plan that the contractor is required to develop (page 259-265). (6) Contractor’s plan to carry out self-monitoring of implementation of the CESMP. (7) Detailed environmental training that all site contractor personnel (including subcontractors) are required to undertake. As a minimum all contractor personnel working at the subproject sites must: i) be familiar and understand the CESMP for the works; ii) be aware of their environmental responsibilities and legal obligations on site; and iii) undertake health and safety and emergency response training. (8) Specific capabilities, support mechanisms and resources necessary to satisfactorily implement the CESMP. Detailed environmental responsibilities of all contractor personnel including subcontractors working on site with appropriate knowledge, skills and training for specific tasks shall be identified. (9) The contractor shall be responsible for preparing monthly environmental reports, as a section within the Progress report required in the bidding document, including accidental report if any, for submitting to the subproject owner. The contents of these reports may include following details: - Implementation of the Contractor’s CESMP complying with the agreed program; - Any difficulties encountered in the implementation of the CESMP and recommendations for remedying them for the future; - The number and type of non-compliances and proposed corrective actions; - Reports from the Subcontractors involved in the implementation of the CESMP, including minutes of meetings and discussions held by the Contractor; - Minutes of meeting from discussions held with the subproject owner regarding implementation of the CESMP. (iv) Contractor’s Safety, Social and Environmental Officer (SEO) The contractor shall be required to appoint competent staff(s) as the Contractor’s on-site safety, Social and environmental officer (SEO). The SEO must be appropriately trained in environmental management and must possess the skills necessary to transfer Page | 231 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject environmentalmanagement knowledge to all personnel involved in the contract. The SEO will be responsible for monitoring the contractor‘s compliance with the ESMP requirements and the environmental specifications. The duties of the SEO shall include but not be limited to the following: - Carry out environmental site inspections to assess and audit the contractors' site practice, equipment and work methodologies with respect to pollution control and adequacy of environmental mitigation measures implemented; - Monitor compliance with environmental protection measures, pollution prevention and control measures and contractual requirements; - Monitor the implementation of environmental mitigation measures; - Prepare audit reports for the site environmental conditions; - Investigate complaints and recommend any required corrective measures; - Advise the contractor on environment improvement, awareness and proactive pollution prevention measures; - Recommend suitable mitigation measures to the contractor in the case of non-compliance. Carry out additional monitoring of noncompliance instructed by the ES of PPMU and CSC - Inform the contractor and ES (of PPMU and CSC) of environmental issues, submit contractor’s ESMP Implementation Plan to the ES of PPMU and CSC, and relevant authorities, if required; - Keep detailed records of all site activities that may relate to the environment. (v) Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) The IEMC will be responsible for assisting the PMU in ESMP implementation. This also includes advising the CSC, contractors and communities on environmental compliance, and carrying out the monitoring program in accordance with regulations and procedures of the Government and World Bank. Once the detailed operational implementation of the environmental monitoring program is discussed by PMU and World Bank, the IEMC will be responsible for quarterly checking, and supporting the PMU staff to supervise overall subproject activities to ensure that unified environmental protection policies of the Government and World Bank are applied and supervised during subproject implementation. The IEMC will be responsible to: (1) provide training and capacity building for construction management for PMU/ESU staff, including field engineers and/or consultants (CSC) in supervising the ESMP implementation of the contractor; (2) ensure active participation of the local communities and schools in the subproject areas, (3) monitor environmental parameters to assess the overall impacts of the subproject, and (4) establish environmental training program. Specifically, the IEMC’s responsibilities include: - Ensuring that the approved ESMP and all subproject loan agreements related to environmental safeguards are fully applied and complied during subproject implementation. - Assessing the effectiveness of mitigation measures which are provided by contractor and CSC in implementation process; providing proposals and recommendations to the PMU on necessary improvement and supplementation to meet the safeguard requirements. - Reporting periodically (every 3 months) to the PMU on actual ESMP performance during subproject implementation. - Establishing standard procedures, methods and forms to assist the PMU and CSC to assess contractors’ progress in implementing required impact mitigation and monitoring measures. Page | 232 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject - Assisting the PMU’s environmental staff to review and check the related sections in the Contract Documents on the bidding packages for construction items of the subproject to ensure compliance with environmental protection policies and impact mitigation and monitoring requirements. - Measuring, taking samples and monitoring periodically environmental parameters (once per 3 months) during the time of environmental monitoring contract. - Assistance in the preparation of documents and implementation of training program on environmental monitoring and supervision for contractors, CSC and relevant staffs of PMU (environmental staffs and coordinators of packages). - Via PMU, discussing with relevant enterprises (if necessary) to find suitable solutions for unexpected risks relating to environmental sanitation. (vi) Environmental and Social Supervision during Construction (CSC) During construction phase, a qualified CSC reporting to the PPMU shall carry out the environmental supervision. The CSC will assign environmental and social staff(s), will be responsible for inspecting, and supervising all construction activities to ensure that mitigation measures adopted in the ESMP are properly implemented, and that the negative environmental impacts of the subproject are minimized. The CSC shall engage sufficient number of Environmental Supervision Engineers with adequate knowledge on environmental protection and construction subproject management to perform the required duties and to supervise the Contractor’s performance. Specifically ES of CSC will: - Review and assess on behalf of the PPMU whether the construction design meets the requirements of the mitigation and management measures of the ESMP, - Supervise contractor’s implementation of its CESMP including their performance, experience and handling of site environmental issues, and provide corrective instructions; - Review the ESMP implementation by the contractors, verify and confirm environmental supervision procedures, parameters, monitoring locations, equipment and results; - Arrange, implement training on HIV/AIDS awareness rising for all workers, the local community, CSC team and PPMU staff. - Report ESMP implementation status to PPMU and prepare the environmental supervision statement during the construction phase; (vii) Compliance with Legal and Contractual Requirements - The constructions activities shall comply not only with the general contractual condition on environmental protection and pollution control requirements in the bidding document, the subproject ESMP, and the CESMP, but also with environmental protection and pollution control laws of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam. - All the works method statements submitted by the Contractor to the CSC and PMU for approval to see whether sufficient environmental protection and pollution control measures have been included. - The CSC and PMU shall also review the progress and program of the works to check that relevant environmental laws have not been violated, and that any potential for violating the laws can be prevented. - The Contractor shall copy relevant documents to the SEO and the ES of CSC and PMU. The document shall at least include the updated work progress report, the updated work measure, and the application letters for different license/permits under the environmental protection laws, and all the valid license/permit. The SEO and the ES shall also have access, upon request, to the Site Log-Book. - After reviewing the documents, the SEO or the ES shall advise the PMU and the contractor of any non-compliance with the contractual and legislative requirements on Page | 233 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject environmental protection and pollution control for them to take follow-up actions. If the SEO or the ES concludes that the status on license/permit application and any environmental protection and pollution control preparation works may not comply with the work measure or may result in potential violation of environmental protection and pollution control requirements, they shall advise the Contractor and the PMU accordingly. (viii) Environmental Claims and Penalty System - In the compliance framework, if non-compliance with the Contractor’s ESMP and environmental regulations are discovered by CSC/ES/IEMC/PMU during the site supervision, 2% values of interim payment of the contractor of this month will be held back. The Contractor will be given a grace period (determined by CSC/PMU) to repair the violation. If the Contractor satisfactorily performs the repairs within the grace period (confirmed by CSC/PMU), no penalty is incurred and the uphold money will be paid to the contractor. However, if the Contractor fails to successfully make the necessary repairs within the grace period, the Contractor will pay the cost for a third party to repair the damages (deduction from uphold money). - In case of IEMC/CSC/PMU not detected of non-compliance with environmental regulations of the contractor, they will be responsibility payment to repair the violation. (ix) Reporting Arrangement ESMP monitoring and reporting requirements are summarized in Table 88 below Table 88: Regular reporting requirements No. Report Prepared by Submitted Frequency of Reporting to 1 Contractor to the PPMU The Contractor is obliged to report (immediately Employer of certain aspects and monthly with respect to a wider range of aspects) to the CSC 2 Construction PPMU The CSC is required to report to the employer Supervision consultant every weekly and monthly (CSC) 4 Community Monitoring PPMU When the community has any complaint about the subproject safeguards implementation 5 PPMU DONRE PPMU is required to report to DONRE every six- month in accordance with Gov’s regulations 6 PPMU WB PPMU is required to report to WB every six- month in accordance with the Section II of the Loan Agreement 6.5. Capacity building program 6.5.1. Technical Assistance support for the safeguard implementation An assessment of safeguards implementation capacity of existing PPMU staffs indicate that PPMU staffs have limited knowledge on WB safeguard requirements as well as limited knowledge of environment and social issues. Such lack of capacity represents a risk to subproject implementation of safeguards requirements contained in the ESMP and, as required by the WB policy, is to be addressed through capacity building. Therefore, it is proposed to provide capacity building through technical assistance that will support the PPMU during the implementation of the safeguards requirements. The technical assistance will provide the Page | 234 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject necessary technical support the PPMU in its work with contractors as well as other entities involved in the implementation of the ESMP. This technical assistance must be made available at an earlier stage to ensure that the ESMP is properly and appropriately translated into the bidding (and subsequent contract) documentation. The technical assistance should be undertaken by appropriately skilled and experienced personnel, and be undertaken in accordance with a Terms of Reference that includes specific reference to developing effective Employers Requirements sections of the standard Procurement Documents (SPDs). The scope of the technical assistance would cover support from experts and training that would cover both the knowledge on safeguards requirements and procedures for the subproject as well as training that covers both specific knowledge on safeguard procedures and requirement for the subproject staffs, consultants, and national contractor would be important. This would include, for example, assistance in the preparation of documents and implementation of training program on environmental management and environmental monitoring for contractors, CSC and relevant staffs of PPMU (environmental staffs and coordinators of packages) to do their tasks. It would also include assisting the PPMU’s environmental staffs with the review of contract documents on the bidding packages for construction items of the subproject to ensure compliance with environmental protection policies and impact mitigation and monitoring requirements as well as provide general environmental guidance as requested by the PPMU to enhance overall subproject implementation and performance. Given the nature, locations, and scale of construction, it is anticipated that the safeguard technical assistance support and training will be provided at least 2 times (one on pre- construction phase and another on construction phase). The WB safeguard specialists will participate in the capacity building in particular in the training activities as appropriate 6.5.2. Training programs ❖ Training program in environmental management and monitoring Table 89 below provides examples of the basic trainings for safeguards during subproject implementation. The training programs will be developed and delivered by the Technical Assistance team for the implementation of safeguards for the PPMU training. The PPMU with the support of the Technical Assistance team for the implementation of safeguards will provide the training to contractors, CSC and other groups. Other more specific and tailored training will be developed and agreed upon between PPMU and the Technical Assistance team for the implementation of safeguards during subproject implementation based upon a reassessment of needs and the status of safeguards implementation. - Target groups for the training: include PPMU staffs, ESU staffs, field engineers, CSC, construction contractors, local authorities, and community representatives in the subproject area. Training of workers and drivers is the responsibility of the contractor. - Training schedule: At least 1 month before the construction of the first contract. The training can be adjusted in line with the implementation schedule of the sub subproject/contracts. Training frequency: The basic training programs proposed in Table 89 will take place every six months on a yearly basis and its content updated and adapted to implementation issues. Training frequency and content will be reassessed during implementation depending on needs. It is foreseen that the training program for PPMU staffs will continue until year three of implementation. Table 89: Training programs for capacity building Page | 235 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject I. Objects Provincial Subproject Management Unit (PPMU) Training course Environmental supervision, monitoring and reporting Participators Environmental staffs and technical staffs Training Frequency Soon after subproject effectiveness but at least 1 month before the construction of the first contract. The follow-up training will be scheduled as needed. Time Four days of training twice a year to be repeated on a yearly basis until year three of implementation Content - General environmental management relating to subproject including requirements of WB, DONRE, cooperating with relevant enterprises - Requirements on environmental supervision; - Supervision and implementation of mitigation measures; - Community participation in environmental supervision - Guide and supervise contractor, CSC, and community representatives in implementation of environmental supervision. - Forms used in environmental supervision; - Risk response and control; - Other areas to be determined; - Receiving approach and submit forms. Responsibilities PPMU, with support of the Technical Assistance team for the implementation of safeguards II. Objects CSC, contractor, commune/wards authorities, community representatives Training course Implementation of mitigation measures Participators CSC; on-site construction management staffs; environmental staffs of contractor; commune/ward/group authorities Training frequency After bidding, update based on requirements Time Three days of training for CSC and contractors and two days of training for other also to be repeated twice a year on an annual basis depending on needs Content - Overview of environmental monitoring; - Requirements of environmental monitoring; - Role and responsibilities of contractors and CSC - Content and methods of environmental monitoring; - Response and risk control; - Propagate monitoring forms and guide how to fill in the forms and risk report; - Training in HIV/AIDS; - Other areas to be determined; - Preparation and submission of report Responsibilities PPMU with support of the Technical Assistance team for the implementation of safeguards III. Objects Communities and workers Training course Environmental sanitation and safety Participators Representatives of community and/or worker leaders (as appropriate) Training frequency As appropriate Time One-day presentation and one-day on-the job training twice a year to be repeated on a per needs basis Content - Preliminary presentation on environmental protection and environmental overview Page | 236 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject - Key issues that require community and workers attention to minimize safety risks (roads, equipment, machines, etc.) as well as reduce pollution (dust, fume gases, oil/grease spill, waste management, etc.) - Management of environmental safety and sanitation in work sites and worker camps; - Mitigation measures at construction site and work camps; - Safety measures on electricity, mechanical, transportation, air pollution; - Other areas to be determined; - Procedures to deal with emergency situation Responsibilities Contractor, PPMU ❖ Training program in HIV/AIDS To minimize and address the HIV/AIDS-related risks (especially in women), the HIV/AIDS communication and information dissemination should be carried out by the Subproject. The HIV/AIDS training program includes campaigns of raising awareness of workers and communities at construction sites will be conducted by CSC under the supervision of the community, ward/commune WU and PPMU. Funds for HIV/AIDS training are as follows: Table 90: Cost estimate of HIV/AIDS training Quantity (1 course Unit price Total amount Training objects /ward/commune) (VND) VND USD Construction supervision consultant (CSC) Contractor’s workers 14 courses 20,000,000 280,000,000 12,302 Local officials and community PPMU’s staff 6.6. Estimated cost of environmental and social management plan Expenditure for implementing ESMP includes the main financial resources, covering the environmental monitoring expenses and expenses for implementing the mitigation measures. The expenses of implementing the mitigation measures have been included into the expenditure for implementing construction subprojects on environmental protection works and measures. According to the unit price of environmental monitoring in the locality, the estimated cost for environmental quality monitoring of the Subproject is stated in the table below. Table 91: Estimated cost for ESMP (million USD) Funding Cost (USD) source (a) Mitigation during construction Part of contracts WB (b) Supervision of safeguards during Part of CSC costs WB construction (c) Environmental Safeguards unit (ESU) of Counterpart PMU Part of PMU costs fund (d) Environmental quality monitoring 3,441 WB (e) Independent Environmental Monitoring 98,629 WB Consultant (IEMC) (f) Safeguards capacity building program 20,000 WB (g) Training program in HIV/AIDS 12,302 WB Page | 237 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 92: Estimated cost for the IEMC Price Total Total No. Content Unit Quantity (VND) (VND) (USD) 1 Specialist salary (I) Month 8 40,000,000 320,000,000 14.060 2 Specialist salary (II) Month 24 30,000,000 720,000,000 31.634 3 Specialist salary (III) Month 16 15,000,000 240,000,000 10.545 4 Local stays and allowance Day 720 520,000 254,800,000 11.195 5 Traveling expenses Turn-person 90 3,000,000 420,000,000 18.453 6 Training course Overall 8 10,000,000 120,000,000 5.272 7 Office supply Overall 18 12,000,000 120,000,000 5.272 8 Office and communication Overall 18 5,000,000 50,000,000 2.197 Total 98.629 6.7. Grievance redress mechanism (GRM) The contractors must indicate contact for any complaints when the contractors announce construction schedule to local communities Complaints relating to any subproject's problems will be solved through negotiations to achieve the consensus. A complaint will go through three Stages before it can be transferred to the court. The enforcement unit will pay all administrative and legal fees relating to the acceptance of complaints. This cost is included in the subproject budget. Complaint procedures and resolution will be performed as follows: The first level People’s Committee of ward/commune. An affected household is to take his/her complaint to any member of the People's Committee of the ward/commune, through the ward head or directly to People’s Committee of ward, in written or oral form. The said member(s) of the People’s Committee will inform the People’s Committee of the ward on the complaint. The People's Committee of Ward will work directly in person with the said affected household and will decide on the settlement of the complaint 5 days after receiving such complaint. The Secretariat of the People’s Committee of the relevant ward is responsible for documenting and recording all the complaints that it is handling. After the Ward People's Committee issues its decision, the relevant household can make an appeal within 30 days. In case a second decision has been issued but the said household is still not satisfied with such decision, such household can appeal to the municipal (city) People’s Committee (CPC). The second level the CPC. Upon receiving a complaint from a household, the CPC will have 15 days after receiving the complaint to resolve the case. The CPC is responsible for filing and storing documents on all complaints that it handles. When the CPC has issued a decision, the household can make an appeal within 30 days. In case a second decision has been issued and the household is still not satisfied with such a decision, they can appeal to the Hanoi People’s Committee. The third level The Thai Nguyen People’s Committee (PPC). Upon receiving a complaint from the household, the PPC will have 30 days after receiving the complaint to resolve the case. The PPC is responsible for filing and storing documents for all complaints to be submitted. After the HPC has issued a decision, the household can appeal within 45 days. In case a second decision has been issued and the household is still not satisfied with such decision, they can appeal to the court within 45 days. The HPC will then have to pay the compensation into an account. The Forth Level Provincial Court. In case a complainant brings his/her case to a provincial court and the court rules in favor of the complainant, the provincial authorities will have to Page | 238 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject increase the compensation up to such a rate as may be ruled by the court. In case the court’s ruling is in favor of the HPC, the complainant will be refunded the amount of money that has been paid to the court. The decision ruling the settlement of complaints will have to be sent to complainants and concerned parties, and shall be publicly posted at the headquarters of the People's Committee of the relevant level. The complainant will receive such ruling three days after the result of complaint resolution at the ward/commune/town level has been decided upon and 7 days at the district or provincial level. Personnel: The environmental staffs chosen by the PPMU will design and maintain a database of the subproject-related complaints from affected households, including information such as: the nature of the complaint, the source and date of receipt of the complaint, the name and address of the complainant, action plan, and current status. For oral complaints, the receiving/mediator board will record these requests in a complaint form at the first meeting with the affected person. Contractor and Construction Supervision Consultant: During construction, the GRM will also be managed by the contractors under supervision of the CSC. The contractors will inform the affected communities and communes about the GRM availability to handle complaints and concerns about the subproject. This will be done via the community consultation and information disclosure process under which the contractors will communicate with the affected communities and interested authorities on a regular basis. Meetings will be held at least quarterly, monthly information brochures will be published, announcements will be placed in local media, and notices of upcoming planned activities will be posted, etc. The contractors should indicate contact for any complaints when the contractors announce construction schedule to local communities. All complaints and corresponding actions undertaken by the contractors will be recorded in subproject safeguard monitoring reports. Complaints and claims for damages could be lodged as follows: - Verbally: direct to the CSC and/or the contractors’ safeguard staffs or representatives at the site offices. - In writing: by hand-delivering or posting a written complaint to specified addresses. - By telephone, fax, e-mails: to the CSC, the contractors’ safeguard staffs or representatives. Upon receipt of a complaint, the CSC, the contractors’ safeguard staffs or representatives will register the complaint in a complaint file and maintain a log of events pertaining to it thereafter, until it is resolved. Immediately after receipt, four copies of the complaint will be prepared. The original will be kept in the file, one copy will be used by the contractor’s safeguard staffs, one copy will be forwarded to the CSC, and the fourth copy to the PPMU within 24 hours since receipt of the complaint. Information to be recorded in the complaint log will consist of: - The date and time of the complaint. - The name, address and contact details of the complainant. - A short description of the complaint. - Actions taken to address the complaint, including contact persons and findings at each step in the complaint redress process. - The dates and times when the complainant is contacted during the redress process. - The final resolution of the complaint. Page | 239 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject - The date, time and manner in which the complainant was informed thereof. - The complainant’s signature when resolution has been obtained. Minor complaints will be dealt with within one week. Within two weeks (and weekly thereafter), a written reply will be delivered to the complainant (by hand, post, fax, e-mails) indicating the procedures taken and progress to date. The main objective will be to resolve an issue as quickly as possible by the simplest means, involving as few people as possible, and at the lowest possible level. Only when an issue cannot be resolved at the simplest level and/or within 15 days, will other authorities be involved. Such a situation may arise, for example, when damages are claimed, the to-be-paid amount cannot be resolved, or damage causes are determined. World Bank Grievance Redress Mechanism: Communities and individuals who believe that they are adversely affected by a World Bank (WB) supported subproject may submit complaints to existing subproject-level grievance redress mechanism or the WB’s Grievance Redress Service (GRS). The GRS ensures that complaints received are promptly reviewed in order to address subproject-related concerns. Subproject affected communities and individuals may submit their complaints to the WB’s independent Inspection Panel which determines whether harms occurred, or could occur, as a result of WB non-compliance with its policies and procedures. Complaints may be submitted at any time after concerns have been brought directly to the WB’s attention, and Bank Management has been given an opportunity to respond. For information on how to submit complaints to the World Bank’s corporate Grievance Redress Service (GRS), please visit www.worldbank.org/grs. For information on how to submit complaints to the World Bank Inspection Panel, please visitwww.inspectionpanel.org Page | 240 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject CHAPTER 7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISLCOSURE 7.1. Objectives and basic principles 7.1.1. Objectives of public consultation The subproject's public consultation required during ESMP was implemented. The community involvement and consultancy meetings were carried out to: Provide the useful information and better understand about the subproject and its potential impacts and improve the subproject as necessary; Allow the controversy issues to appear early; Facilitate to quickly solve the problems; Facilitate to set up the transparent procedures to implement the proposed subproject and create the accountability and awareness on local ownership during subproject performance. The affected groups and local NGOs were notified in accordance with WB's action policy (OP 4.01) on ESIA; the involvement was required during subproject preparation to some extent and regularly recommended as a part of implementation 7.1.2. The basic principles of public consultation Facilitate the participation of local people and authorities in subproject area as soon as possible; The public consultation needs to be conducted with two rounds: - The first round: As soon as environmental screening is completed and before TOR for ESIA report is finalized. - Second round: After the first draft of EIA report is prepared 7.2. Implementation methods Thai Nguyen city Subproject will carry out two rounds of public consultation during the environmental and social impact assessment. Technical consultants and environmental consultants collaborated closely with PMU, local authorities and community in affected areas to perform these two public consultations in order to meet the WB’s requirement. 7.2.1. The first public consultation To implement the EIA report, on July 27, 2017, the PMU sent the Dispatch No. 1169/UBND- WB to the Subproject wards/towns/communes. From August 01 to August 14, 2017, the PMU held meetings to collect opinions about the Subproject from the local people and people’s committees of 14 wards/communes in Thai Nguyen city. The meetings aims to introduce the subproject, identify the zone/population group in the subproject area, collect information about the status of environmental sanitation at the locality, discuss potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures as well as coordinate with the local authorities in holding public consultation in the subproject area. Simultaneously, the PMU also sent the dispatches to the relevant agencies for consultation about the Subproject. Before consulting at wards, the ODA-PMU held general meetings at each ward to introduce about the subproject and collect opinions for the subproject. The schedule of the first consultation with the people’s committees of the subproject wards/communes has been implemented as Table 93. Results of the 1st consultation are shown in Table 95. Table 93: The first consultation with People’s Committees of the subproject wards/communes on environmental impact assessment No. Time Ward/commune Quantity Participants 1 Huong Son 31 • Representatives of local 1 August 2017 authorities and relevant agencies: 2 Phan Dinh Phung 29 - Farmers’ Union, 3 Quang Trung 43 2 August 2017 - Women’s Union, 4 Linh Son 61 Page | 241 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject No. Time Ward/commune Quantity Participants 5 Chua Hang 49 - Fatherland Front, 3 August 2017 - Youth’s Union. 6 Thinh Dan 45 7 Gia Sang 94 • Representatives of Affected 4 August 2017 households 8 Tan Thinh 38 • Representatives of households 9 5 August 2017 Quang Vinh 38 surrounding the subproject area 10 Tuc Duyen 41 • Representatives of the PMU 7 August 2017 • Representatives of Consultants 11 Tan Lap 67 12 8 August 2017 Huong Thuong 62 13 11 August 2017 Dong Bam 46 14 14 August 2017 Hoang Van Thu 62 7.2.2. The second public consultation The 2nd public consultation is conducted upon completion of the draft ESIA report. This consultation was implemented from Nov 14th 2017 to Nov 18th 2017 in 14 wards/communes. PPMU has sent written requests for consultation to local authorities and non-governmental organizations about the ESIA report in line with the Government’s Decree No. 18/2015/ND- CP dated 14 February 2015 on environmental protection planning, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan and Circular No. 27/2015/TT-BTNMT of the MONRE on strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan. Content of the 2nd consultation includes a summary of ESIA report, main impacts and objects to be affected as well as mitigation measures to be implemented in each specific subproject ward so that the communities and representatives of local authorities, unions, and associations can provide responses. The schedule of the second consultation with the people’s committees of the subproject wards/communes has been implemented as Table 94. Results of the 2nd consultation are shown in Table 96. Table 94: The second consultation with People’s Committees of the subproject wards/communes on environmental impact assessment No. Time Ward/commune Quantity Participants 1 14 Nov 2017 Chua Hang 36 • Representatives of local authorities and relevant agencies: 2 14 Nov 2017 Dong Bam 44 - Farmers’ Union, 3 14 Nov 2017 Gia Sang 37 - Women’s Union, 4 15 Nov 2017 Hoang Van Thu 70 - Fatherland Front, 5 15 Nov 2017 Huong Son 28 - Youth’s Union. 6 15 Nov 2017 Huong Thuong 61 • Representatives of Affected 7 16 Nov 2017 Linh Son 25 households 8 16 Nov 2017 Phan Đinh Phung 21 • Representatives of households surrounding the subproject area 9 16 Nov 2017 Quang Trung 30 • Representatives of the PMU 10 17 Nov 2017 Quang Vinh 39 • Representatives of Consultants 11 17 Nov 2017 Tan Lap 68 12 17 Nov 2017 Tan Thinh 34 13 18 Nov 2017 Thinh Dan 37 14 18 Nov 2017 Tuc Duyen 67 Page | 242 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject 7.3. Results of public consultations Local authorities and people of ward/commune in the subproject area totally agreed with the implementation because it will bring many socio-economic and environmental benefits. However, it was required to ensure environmental sanitation during construction process, particularly prevention from dust, gas, damage of roads and construction needs to be fast to ensure scheduled progress. The results of public consultation in 14 wards/communes/town are showed in the Table below: Table 95: Results of the first public consultation Comments Responses from the Client GENERAL COMMENTS - Local government and people strongly agreed on the - The Client will ensure construction subproject and expected the subproject to be implemented time and progress. soon. - Price and compensation plan will be - Ensure construction schedule for the subproject implemented according to the policy implementation to be in accordance with the regulations to framework of the subproject, in stabilize lives of local people. accordance with the regulations of the - Ensure that the subproject is implemented on schedule, WB, Vietnam and Thai Nguyen avoiding hanging the subproject province in particular. - Ensure traffic safety. - For cases where the grave must be relocated, the Client will coordinate - Implement the compensation policy mechanism, it is with the affected households to select necessary to study closely with the real market (price) from the time, place and plan of relocation in time to time to compensate local people affected by the accordance with local customs and subproject. habits. The implementation cost will be - In the process of implementing the subproject, it is paid by the Client. necessary to coordinate closely with the localities to ensure - The Client will consider other the situation and security of the area. Registration of comments and commit to implement temporary residence or temporary absence in localities is in these mitigation measures to ensure that accordance with regulations; Priority for recruiting local the construction will have the smallest workers. impact on the environment and society. - Ensure environmental quality, not affect the health of people in the subproject area. - Work with local people to prepare the time and plan for relocation of the grave resonably with the aim to ensure affected households. The Client shall be responsbilities for all these costs. - Construction material trucks should have loads of ≤10 tons. - In case of damage to the roads or surrounding works, the Client shall have to compensate and repair immediately. - Install instruction signs, signal lights at night. SEPERATE COMMENTS OF LOCAL PEOPLE AND PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE OF EACH COMMUNE/WARD Tuc Duyen ward - The People's Committee of Tuc Duyen ward agrees with the - The Client will consider opinions and environmental mitigation measures outlined in the summary, include these contributions in the ESIA and these measures should be more clarified. report and commit to implement - It is recommended that the Client ensure absolute safety mitigation measures in the report. related to labor safety, covering the works during the process of construction. Ensure traffic safety in the process of transporting construction materials to the construction site, Page | 243 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject fire fighting and prevention and control security at the construction site. - It is recommended that the Client strictly comply with commitments on treatment measures in order to prevent and minimize negative impacts on the environment. - In case of dredging ditches, there should take environmental protection measures, not more than 2 days for sludge collection. Huong Thuong commune - In case the road goes through paddy fields and causes - If the construction affects cultivation impacts on cultivation or damage to the trees of local people, or damage to crops, the Client will the Client shall compensate local people. compensate local people. - For intersection roads with the existing roads, it is necessary - The Client will coordinate with the to build temporary roads for residents. authorities and local residents to select - Regularly water, limit dust, noise during construction, the time for relocation of the pump especially during rush hours. station so that cultivation of local people can not be affected. - During the construction process of Huong Thuong bridge, there should install a system of warning signs and lights and - The Client ensures that the workers fences to prevent the construction site from the surrounding will strictly observe the rules of labor areas and protect them from serious accidents. and workers camp, do not allow catching fish without permission and - In the process of relocating Huong Thuong pump station, it affect the security and order of the area. is necessary to provide water for local people If this situation happens, the Client will - The Client should manage workers not to catch without have penalties for the offending permission in the fish farming area at xom Thong Village employees and adequate compensation Lake. for local people. - The Client will seriously consider other comments. Gia Sang ward - The Client have to prepare detailed plans for dredging - In the course of construction, the Xuong Rong ditch and inform local people of the construction Client shall coordinate with local time and plans. authorities to announce the construction - Dredged material should be dumped in prescribed places. plan to local residents before 1-2 weeks. - The Client should dredge all ditch branches of the Xuong - Dredged materials will be dumped at Rong drainage ditch to ensure better drainage. Da Mai and Tich Luong landfills after each day. - Safety for resident should be ensured. It is necessary to cover sections under construction and install lights, signs and - Other comments will be considered manholes. and included in the ESIA report by the Client. - The Client should inform and cooperate with local people in case of connecting general water drainage system together with the water drainage pipe of each household. Chua Hang ward - It is recommended that the Client ensure absolute safety - The Client will compensate damages related to labor safety, covering the works during the process caused by the construction. of construction. Ensure traffic safety in the process of - Other comments will be considered transporting construction materials to the construction site, and included in the ESIA report by the fire fighting and prevention and control security at the Client. construction site. - In case construction causes damage to cultivation of local residents, causing death of rice and crops, the Client shall be Page | 244 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject responsible for compensating. - Transportation of construction materials is not allowed at time after school at the road passing Huong Thuong school. Dong Bam ward - The Client should regularly inform of details of the - In the course of construction, the subproject implementation progress and coordinate with the Client shall coordinate with local local authorities in implementing the subproject. authorities to announce the construction - It is requested that the Client should ensure the schedule, plan to local residents before 1-2 weeks. the absolute construction quality on labor safety and covering - The Client commits to ensure the the works in the process of construction. construction process without hanging or - The Client should pay attention to environmental impacts delay the subproject. during the construction process related to waste including: - At traffic intersections, staff will be domestic waste of workers, hazardous waste of works under arranged to regulate transport during construction. rush hours. - When constructing at Dong Bam intersection, there should - Other comments will be considered install signs, fences and signal lights to avoid accidents. and included in the ESIA report by the - Manholes should be covered and installed signal lights. Client. Linh Son commune - In case the road goes through paddy fields and causes - The Client will compensate damages impacts on cultivation or damage to the trees of local people, caused by the construction. the Client shall compensate local people. - The Client will regularly monitor - The Client should take measures to manage the workers so implementation of the rules of workers as not to cause loss of security and order in the locality. at the construction site and camp. Thinh Dan ward - The Client should complete the temporary bridge prior to - The temporary bridge will be demolishing the existing Dan bridge. completed prior to demolition of the existing Dan bridge. - Install adequate signs - Other comments will be considered - Do not litter into the ditch which takes water from Nui Coc and included in the ESIA report by the Lake Client. Tan Lap ward - Compensation should be carried out publicly and - Compensation plan and compensation transparently. rate will be posted at the notice board of - The Client should take measures to ensure the safety of wards/communes. Compensation and traffic participants on National Highway 3 during the assistance will be made publicly and construction process of the overpass. transparently in accordance with the policy of the subproject. - The Client should ensure that the proposed road plan is the most reasonable plan in terms of site clearance to limit the - The selected option is entirely based case of complaining. on the criteria of planning, technology, environment, society, compensation and so on. Therefore, the proposed plan is the most suitable one. The Client commits that there has no shaping alignment for the individual benefits. - Other comments will be considered and included in the ESIA report by the Client. Page | 245 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Huong Son ward - It is recommended that the subproject shoud be - Water from foundation hole will be implemented soon flew into the ditch and manholes and - Do not construct after 7pm then flowing into the general drainage system of the area. The Client commits - Do not transport construction materials during rush hours not to let wastewater overflow the road, - Waste water and pump water from worker activities should causing environmental sanitation. be managed. Do not let water overflow over the road. - Other comments will be considered and included in the ESIA report by the Client. Phan Dinh Phung ward - It is recommended that the subproject shoud be - Construction will be finished after implemented soon. 7pm to ensure no noise disturbs resting - Do not construct after 7pm of local people. - Ensure safety of adjacent works. In case of damage, - Other comments will be considered compensation should be paid. and included in the ESIA report by the Client. - Waste water and pump water from worker activities should be managed. Do not let water overflow over the road. Quang Trung ward - The Client have to prepare detailed plans for dredging the - In the course of construction, the ditch and inform local people of the construction time and Client shall coordinate with local plans. authorities to announce the construction - Dredged material should be dumped in prescribed places. plan to local residents before 1-2 weeks. - There should prepare reasonable construction methods to - The Client shall install the full system connect existing embankments with newly built embankment. of fences, signs, signal lights. - It is necessary to ensure safety for local people. Covering - The Client will create favorable sections under construction, installing lights, signs and conditions for households to have their manholes. own transportation of soil, stone and dredged materials for leveling. - The Client should inform and cooperate with local residents However, the means of transportation of when constructing connection of the general water drainage local people should ensure that the system together with the water drainage pipe of each material is not dropped, affecting the household. environment. - The Client should clear the bushes around the subproject to - Other comments will be considered ensure the safety and landscape of the works. and included in the ESIA report by the - Facilitate households to transport excess land, dredged Client. material for leveling. Tan Thinh ward, Quang Vinh ward and Hoang Van Thu ward - Dredging should ensure environmental hygiene. - The Client will announce the - In the subproject area, many low-lying areas should be construction plan to local people before leveled, thus the Client coordinates to create conditions for 1-2 weeks and work with people on the local people to transport excavated soil, dredged materials for connection plan of wastewater drainage leveling during the construction process. system. - The worker camps adjacent to the ditch, thus, the Client - The Client will coordinate with the should take measures to spray mosquitoes, mosquitoes so as wards health care to spray mosquito and not to spread the disease. flies at the workers camp and drainage ditch to avoid spreading the disease. - The Client should inform and cooperate with local people when constructing connection of the general water drainage - The Client will install the full system system together with the water drainage pipe of each of fences, signs, signal lights. household. - The Client will facilitate households Page | 246 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject to have their own transportation of soil, stone and dredged materials for leveling. However, the means of transportation of local people should ensure that the material is not dropped, affecting the environment. - Other comments will be considered and included in the ESIA report by the Client. Generally, through the public consultations at the subproject area, the authorities and local people supported the subproject and desired the subproject to be implemented early. Some consultation opinions are summarized as follows - All local people agreed with the subproject implementation, however, they request the construction to be carried out rapidly, limit delays and ensure environmental cleanliness as well as compliance with tasks and ensuring quality of works. - To mitigate potential impacts on the community and living conditions of the local people, the subproject components must be implemented. The construction on main roads of the city must be carried out in a systematic manner, and ensure labor and traffic safety for local people. - Request the contractor to comply with commitments to mitigating negative environmental impacts caused by the subproject. - For impacts on land acquisition and resettlement, the subproject general principle is that design alternatives should be studied to avoid any resettlement impacts. If it is not avoidable, the subproject should put into good account of all resettlement and income rehabilitation matters, to ensure that the local people's livelihood and living condition will be, at least restored, or improve to pre-subproject implementation. The local people also requested the local authorities and the subproject to make proper compensation and arrange resettlement for them in accordance with their expectations. - People’s Committees of the wards/communes enthusiastically supported the subproject implementation. When the subproject is completed, the local people will have great benefits on living places and fresh environment. - The local authorities will facilitate and support for implementation of the subproject, especially issues related to the land acquisition for the subproject implementation through site clearance and construction of work items. - People’s Committees of the wards/communes agreed with contents of the ESIA report. Negative environmental impacts caused by the subproject are minor; however, it is essential to take mitigation measures of adverse environmental impacts. - Agree with the mitigation measures of environmental pollution as mentioned in the report; - Request the Client to commit to strictly implementing the mitigation measures of potential negative impacts such as environmental management and environmental quality monitoring. - People’s Committees of the wards/communes and representatives of people in the subproject area will jointly discuss and solve issued raised during the subproject implementation. Page | 247 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Chua Hang ward Hoang Van Thu ward Huong Son ward Xã Huong Thuong Xã Linh Son Phan Dinh Phung ward Quang Trung ward Tuc Duyen ward Figure 51: Some pictures of public consultations 1 Page | 248 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Table 96: Summary of opinions in the 2nd public consultation Comments Responses from the Client GENERAL COMMENTS - 1. It requires a policy of adequate - 1. The compensation and support will be compensation for the people, early implemented in accordance with the policy measurement of site clearance and framework of the subproject. compensation payment for people to - 2. The relocated households will relocate to Dong stabilize their lives early Bam resettlement site, located about 3km from the - 2. The resettlement area must not be far city center with convenient transportation, easy from the city center, and must be accessible access to social security services. to social security services - 3. The Client will use vehicles with load not greater - 3. Vehicles of transporting constructional than 10 tons materials must be not greater than 10 tons - 4. The Client will spray water twice a day on unrainy - 4. Water spray to reduce dust generation days and 4 times a day on the roads passing the - 5. Do not work at rest time pagodas and churches on festivals. - 6. Installation of signal lights at night - 5. The Client will not execute work items that might cause noise after 18h. - 7. Install the sheets around the construction site - 6 & 7 & 8. The Client will install signal lights, signs, wire rope, install sheets around the construction site - 8. Installation of signs at the construction site - 9 & 10. The Client will develop rules and regularly check so workers do not cause security disorder. The - 9. Force workers not to cause disorder in Client will also conduct temporary residence the area registration for workers. In addition, the Client will - 10. Employ local laborers utilize local laborers to create jobs for them - 11. Compensate or repair in case of - 11. The Client will repair the roads if the causing damages to the roads construction damages the roads. SEPERATE COMMENTS OF LOCAL PEOPLE AND PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE OF EACH COMMUNE/WARD 1. Chua Hang - Inform the local people of the - The Client will quickly prepare the compensation compensation plan plan and carry out compensation payment one time - The compensation work must be clear and for people to stabilize their lives timely implemented in order to stabilize - The compensation rates will comply with the policy people's lives. framework of the subproject to ensure entitlements - The construction route must comply with for affected people the design, not occupying more land of the - The works will be implemented in compliance with people. the design. Land acquisition will be implemented in - Not affect the quality and traffic at the accordance with the planning existing Huong Thuong bridge - The Client committed not to affect the traffic at the existing Huong Thuong bridge - The new Huong Thuong bridge is located 50m away from the existing bridge, so the construction will not affect the quality of the existing Huong Thuong bridge. In case of unfortunately damaged, the Client will be responsible for compensation. 2. Dong Bam - Provide specific construction schedules for - The Client will announce the construction schedule dissemination to the people to people before 1-2 weeks. - Develop suitable electricity/water supply - The Client will announce the cut-off schedule of Page | 249 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject plans for people to avoid sudden electricity, internet, water and so on to people and disruption, affecting the lives of people. quickly overcome to minimize relevant impacts on - Relocate electric poles quickly to avoid people. affecting the lives of people 3. Gia Sang - Inform the local people of the - Compensation, support will be made publicly, compensation plan transparently and comply with the policy framework - The compensation work must be clear and of the subproject. timely implemented in order to stabilize - In the rainy season, the Client will coordinate with people's lives. the Thai Nguyen Preventive Medicine Center to - The compensation payment must be made spray insecticides at the construction sites and publicly and paid once, not delay for a long workers’ camps related to the item of dredging Mo time Bach ditch. - When dredging and breaking mosquito - Dredged sludge will be transported to the dumping drives, it is required to arrange sanitation site each day. teams for preventing epidemic and - The Client will make temporary residence spraying pesticide to minimize epidemics. registeration for workers. At the workers’ camps and - In dredging, keep environmental sanitation. construction sites, worker administration rules will be disclosed. The Client will regularly visit (once a - Pay attention to social security disorder at month) to check the compliance with rules of the locality. workers. - Malodor raised from sludge need measures - Leverage local laborers and coordinate with the civil to minimize and outbreak sterilizing defense forces to reduce conflicts between workers measures. and local people. 4. Hoang Van Thu - Inform the local people of the - Compensation, support will be made publicly, compensation plan transparently and comply with the policy framework - The compensation payment must be made of the subproject. publicly and paid once, not delay for a long - In the rainy season, the Client will coordinate with time the Thai Nguyen Preventive Medicine Center to - In dredging, keep environmental sanitation. spray insecticides at the construction sites and workers’ camps related to the item of dredging Mo - Make temporary residence registeration for Bach ditch. workers - Dredged sludge will be transported to the dumping - Take measures to minimize malodor and site each day. sterilizing measures. - The Client will make temporary residence - Frequently spray insecticides to avoid the registeration for workers. At the workers’ camps and emergence of diseases, especially dengue construction sites, worker administration rules will fever and malaria. be disclosed. The Client will regularly visit (once a month) to check the compliance with rules of workers. - Leverage local laborers and coordinate with the civil defense forces to reduce conflicts between workers and local people. 5. Huong Son - Because the subproject is located in the - The Client will assign staff to conduct traffic residential area, there must be a plan to diversion during peak hours. ensure traffic during peak hours to ensure - The Client will rent mobile toilets for workers’s use. safety and avoid traffic jams. Dig drainage ditches for water around the - The Client must preapre a treatment plan of construction site and water settling in the settling wastewater from workers to prevent pond before discharging into the common drainage Page | 250 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject wastewater from discharging into the system of the area surrounding environment. 6. Huong Thuong - Inform the local people of the - The Client will quickly prepare the compensation compensation plan plan and carry out compensation payment one time - The compensation payment must be made for people to stabilize their lives soon. publicly and paid once, not delay for a long - The compensation rates will comply with the policy time framework of the subproject to ensure entitlements - When construction of Huong Thuong for affected people bridge, not affect travel of people on the - The Client committed not to affect the traffic at the existing Huong Thuong bridge. existing Huong Thuong bridge - The new Huong Thuong bridge is located 50m away from the existing bridge, so the construction will not affect the quality of the existing Huong Thuong bridge. In case of unfortunately damaged, the Client will be responsible for compensation. 7. Linh Son - Inform the local people of the - The Client will quickly prepare the compensation compensation plan plan and carry out compensation payment one time - The compensation work must be clear and for people to stabilize their lives soon. timely implemented in order to stabilize - The compensation rates will comply with the policy people's lives. framework of the subproject to ensure entitlements for affected people 8. Phan Dinh Phung - Because Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten is - The Client will assign staff to conduct traffic located in the alley of 6m wide, so it diversion during peak hours. requires to have a suitable traffic diversion - Regarding the accommodation block behind the scheme and arrange personnel for traffic school, the Client will prepare suitable construction diversion, not transport construction plans so as not to affect the quality of the works. If materials during peak hours to avoid the construction damages to the buildings or congestion. household furnitures, the Client will make adequate - Take appropriate construction methods so compensation (rebuilding, or compensation in cash) as not to affect the quality of works of the - The Client will focus on construction immediately grade 4 or 1-storey accoomdation block for after the pupils to be moved to new studying places leasing behind the school. to ensure progress. - Early complete the works for the pupils to stabilize their studying. 9. Quang Trung - Create favorable conditions for people to - The Client will facilitate households in need of use sludge to fill the lowland areas exhaust soil and sludge for levelling ground. - Build a temporary bridge before - Before destroying Dan bridge, the Client will build a dismantling the existing bridge temporary bridge and arrange staff to diverse traffic, - Diversing traffic flow suitably, especially install instruction signs and signals and warning during peak hours, to avoid congestion; signs to ensure traffic safety. Assign staff to conduct traffic diversion - In the rainy season, the Client will coordinate with during peak hours the Thai Nguyen Preventive Medicine Center to - When dredging Mo Bach ditch, mosquito spray insecticides at the construction sites and drives, it is required to arrange sanitation workers’ camps related to the item of dredging Mo teams for preventing epidemic and Bach ditch. spraying pesticide to minimize epidemics. - Dredged sludge will be transported to the dumping site each day. Page | 251 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject - In dredging, keep environmental sanitation. 10. Quang Vinh - Diversing traffic flow suitably, especially - The Client will assign staff to diverse traffic during during peak hours, to avoid congestion; peak hours Assign staff to conduct traffic diversion - In the rainy season, the Client will coordinate with during peak hours the Thai Nguyen Preventive Medicine Center to - When dredging Mo Bach ditch, mosquito spray insecticides at the construction sites and drives, it is required to arrange sanitation workers’ camps related to the item of dredging Mo teams for preventing epidemic and Bach ditch. spraying pesticide to minimize epidemics. - The Client will make temporary residence - Ensure workers not to affect the regional registeration for workers. At the workers’ camps and security construction sites, worker administration rules will be disclosed. The Client will regularly visit (once a month) to check the compliance with rules of workers. - Leverage local laborers and coordinate with the civil defense forces to reduce conflicts between workers and local people. 11. Tan Lap - Inform the local people of the - The Client will quickly prepare the compensation compensation plan plan and carry out compensation payment one time - The compensation work must be clear and for people to stabilize their lives soon. timely implemented in order to stabilize - The compensation rates will comply with the policy people's lives. framework of the subproject to ensure entitlements - Compensation payment must be made for affected people publicly and paid once, not delay for a long - The compensation payment must be publically. The time compensation rates and payment schedule are disclosed at the bulletin boards of the communes/wards people’s Committees and inform to the people. 12. Tan Thinh - During the constructing, if it requires - The Client will rebuild or repair the bridge or demolition of local bridge, there must be a embankment to be damaged by the construction compensation plan and ensure the activities. movement of people during the - In the rainy season, the Client will coordinate with construction period. the Thai Nguyen Preventive Medicine Center to - When dredging and breaking mosquito spray insecticides at the construction sites and drives, it is required to arrange sanitation workers’ camps related to the item of dredging Mo teams for preventing epidemic and Bach ditch. spraying pesticide to minimize epidemics. - Dredged sludge will be transported to the dumping - In dredging, keep environmental sanitation. site each day. - Pay attention to social security disorder at - The Client will make temporary residence the locality. registeration for workers. At the workers’ camps and - Malodor raised from sludge need measures construction sites, worker administration rules will to minimize and outbreak sterilizing be disclosed. The Client will regularly visit (once a measures. month) to check the compliance with rules of workers. 13. Thinh Dan - Inform the local people of the - The Client will quickly prepare the compensation compensation plan plan and carry out compensation payment one time - The compensation payment must be clear for people to stabilize their lives soon. Page | 252 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject and timely implemented in order to - The compensation rates will comply with the policy stabilize the people’s lives framework of the subproject to ensure entitlements - The compensation payment must be made for affected people publicly and paid once, not delay for a long - The compensation payment must be publically. The time compensation rates and payment schedule are - Build a temporary bridge before disclosed at the bulletin boards of the dismantling the existing Dan bridge communes/wards people’s Committees and inform to the people. - Diversing traffic flow suitably, especially during peak hours, to avoid congestion; - Before destroying Dan bridge, the Client will build a Assign staff to conduct traffic diversion temporary bridge and arrange staff to diverse traffic, during peak hours install instruction signs and signals and warning signs to ensure traffic safety. 14. Tuc Duyen - Timely and adequate compensation for - The compensation payment will comply with the the people subproject policies - The dredging must ensure the general - The Client committed to ensuring environmental hygiene sanitation during the dredging - The Client will use the method of retaining dyke to - Ensure drainage during the construction ensure drainage during the dredging period - The construction schedule will be notified to the local - Inform the people of the construction people prior to 2 weeks. The Client will coordinate schedule and the drainage system connection with local people in connection of the wastewater schedule drainage system into the general drainage system. Generally, the communities actively expressed their opinions about the subproject. They were aware of positive impacts that subproject brings and desired the subproject to be early implemented. However, the residents also desired that during the subproject implementation, especially the construction, the subproject owner and construction contractors should pay attention to following outstanding problems: - Disseminate information about the progress at the locality for residents to arrange their works and daily life to minimize conveniences during the construction. An incremental construction method should be preferred to avoid spreading construction across the whole area, and to narrow radius of influence; - Provide the Community Monitoring Committee with the training program to exactly understand their functions and tasks. At the same time, there should be funding for maintaining and supporting members of the Community Monitoring Committee in implementing tasks; - Provide necessary assistances for households affected on livelihoods during the construction; - Minimize delay of construction progress to avoid direct impacts on income and daily life of households; - Minimize dust and noise during the transportation of materials gathered from the construction site; - Ensure existing drainage system for residents during the improvement/upgrading of drainage system, avoid water run-off over the road pavement, causing environmental pollution and urban unaesthetic; - The road pavement should be returned in aesthetic condition as original status and minimize repetition of road excavation on a same route. The subproject owner will be present at the construction site to closely manage activities of the construction contractors and ensure focals so that residents can contact in case of emergency. Page | 253 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Quang Vinh ward Tan Thinh ward Gia Sang ward Thinh Dan ward Dong Bam ward Tan Lap ward Figure 52: Some pictures of public consultations 2 7.4. Information disclosure The first draft ESIA in Vietnamese had been published at the offices of 14 communes/ward and the Thai Nguyen PPMU on July and August, 2017 for public consultation. Basing themselves on the contents of the ESMP, the local people could get the Subproject information and contribute their opinions/comments on environmental issues of the Subproject. The final draft ESIA in Vietnamese language was published at the offices of 14 communes/ward and the Thai Nguyen PPMU on November 24th, 2017. The final draft ESIA in English was disclosed at the World Bank's internal and external websites on November 28th, 2017. Page | 254 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND COMMITMENT 1. Conclusion The Subproject implementation will conform to the master plan for socio-economic development in Thai Nguyen as well as other plannings issued by the Government of Vietnam. The ESIA report is prepared to identify all positive and negative impacts on the local natural environment, economic and social conditions. ➢ Environmental aspects Assessment of potential negative impacts as identified in the report, including impacts in general and specific impacts of each works. These impacts are assessed by different phases of the Subproject, including the pre-construction phase, the construction phase and the operation phase. During the pre-construction phase, negative impacts are identified mainly involved in land acquisition, compensation, and resettlement and demining. During the construction phase, environmental impacts are mainly involved in dust, exhaust gases from dredging, excavation, transportation and operation of machines, equipment and vehicles or construction wastewater, workers’ domestic wastewater, domestic and construction solid waste. To mitigate these impacts, the proposed mitigation measures in combintation with ECOPs will be incoporated in the Contracts of the Construction Contractor and Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC). In addition to generic environmental impacts, a number of site-specific environmental impacts have been identified and are mainly related to the work items of the Southnorth road, Huong Thuong bridge, Huong Th uong - Chua Hang road, Dong Bam road and dredging of Mo Bach ditch. These include impacts on water environment, infrastructure degradation, waterway and roadway, relocation of children from Phan Dinh Phung kindergarten to other place, dredging of Mo Bach ditch and so on. With each impact, the ESIA report recommended appropriate mitigation measures. For example: - Building temporary bridges to ensure traffic circulation during demolition of old bridges for building new ones. - Taking flow diversion measures to dredge the structures to ensure drainage capability of drainage ditches. - Dredged materials are dewatered and transported to Da Mai and Tich Luong ward disposal sites. - Avoiding transportation of dredged materials through the roads in densely populated areas. - Avoiding construction during rainy season and cultivation period. An environmental monitoring program has been proposed that is appropriate to the scale of the Subproject and the GoV’s and WB’s regulations on environmental monitoring during the subproject implementation, clearly identified responsibilities of each competent agencies. Monitoring results will be submitted to the Vietnamese environmental agencies and World Bank on a regular basis. ESIA has been also disclosed to the local authorities and people in the subproject area and get constructive and positive comments from the consulted stakeholders. ➢ Social aspects The Subproject will bring positive environmental and socio-economic impacts during the operation, including: (i) Improved infrastructure of Thai Nguyen city; (ii) Improved environmental sanitation, contributing into reducing inundation in Thai Nguyen city; (iii) Page | 255 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Contributing into reducing pressures of kindergarten education demands. The design alternatives have been carefully considered; However, resettlement is unavoidable. It is estimated that 1,347 households might be affected by the Subproject implementation, of which 133 households have to be relocated and 30 households are affected on graves (58 graves to be affected and relocated). No ethnic minority is affected by the Subproject. 2. Recommendations To ensure the Subproject to be put into operation quickly, the Subproject Owner suggests the WB to review and approve the ESIA report so that the Subproject Owner can continue to implement next steps of the subproject and ensure investment progress of the subproject. The Subproject Owner suggests the functional agencies to coordinate with Subproject Owner to monitor and solve environmental issues arising during the construction and operation of the subproject to ensure environmental safeguard and promote economic benefits of the subproject. The local authorities coordinate together in the propaganda and maneuver local people to support the subproject and raise community’s awareness of environmental protection during the implementation and after the completion of the subproject. 3. Commitments ❖ General Commitments The Subproject Owner and PPMU commit to complying with Vietnam Laws on Environmental protection: Law on Environmental protection 2014, Laws and legal documents (Decree No. 18/2015/ND-CP dated 14 February 2015 of the Government on environmental protection assessment, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan; Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP dated 24 April 2015 on management of waste and scrabs; Decree No. 88/2007/ND-CP dated 28 May 2007 of the Government on urban drainage and urban areas, etc.) and WB‘s safeguard policies during the subproject implementation.The Subproject Owner commits to complying with the mitigation measures of adverse impacts of the Subproject on environment during the construction preparation, construction and operation according to contents as mentioned in Chapter 6 of this Report. Subproject’s activities shall be under the inspection of the competent authorities in charge of environmental management of DONRE of Thai Nguyen city and relevant functional agencies to ensure the subproject development and environmental protection The Subproject Owner commits to disclose contents of approved ESIA report approved at the subproject locality to monitor the compliance with environmental protection commitments in the approved ESIA report. ❖ Commitment To Complying With Environmental Standards And Regulations The Client commits to complying strictly with environmental standards and regulations: - Exhaust gas: In accordance with Vietnam standard QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT – National technical regulation on ambient air quality; - Waste water: Commit to implementing mitigation measures and operation of waste water treatment system to ensure waste water treatment according to QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (column B): National technical regulations on domestic waste water quality; - Noise: Control noise in accordance with QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT – National technical regulation on noise. - Solid waste: Solid waste will be collected and treated properly to ensure not drop down and exposure to ambient environment to ensure requirements for environmental Page | 256 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject sanitation and regulations in Decree No.59/2007/ND-CP dated 09 April 2007 of the Government on solid waste management. - Hazardous waste: Commit to complying with Circular No. 12/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 14 April 2011 of MONRE on hazardous waste management. ❖ Commitment To Management And Control of Environmental Pollution The environmental management and control of environmental pollution will be given top priority during the construction and operation; The Subproject Owner commits to coordinating with the functional agencies during designing, construction and operation of the treatment system and environmental protection; During the operation, the Client commits to implementing the environmental pollution management and control program in the subproject area as mentioned in this report and periodically reporting to the DONRE of Thai Nguyen city. The Subproject Owner commits for compensation and remedy of environmental pollution in case of environmental incidents and risks due to the subproject implementation; The Subproject Owner commits to completing planned works, especially completion of the environmental treatment works after the ESIA report is approved./. Page | 257 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject REFERENCES 1. Feasibility Study and Basic Design of the Subproject “Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject”. 2. Planned route direction drawings of the proposed subproject works. 3. Topographic map 1/25.000 ratio of the studied area. 4. Description report on adjustment of overall planning of Thai Nguyen city, Thai Nguyen province up to 2035. 5. Report on surveying, measuring, sampling and analyzing environmental conditions in the subproject area conducted by Thai Nguyen Province Centre for Analysis And Environment in October 2017. 6. Assessment on sources of air, water and land pollution – A guide to rapid source inventory techniques and their use in formulating environmental control strategies - WHO, 1993. 7. Assessment on sources of air, water and land pollution - Environmental Technology Handbook, Volume 1, Geneva, 1993. 8. Environment, Health, and Safety Guidelines of International Monetary Fund. 9. General guidelines on environment, Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, World Bank, July 1998. 10. Air environment, Pham Ngoc Dang, Science and Technics Publishing House, 1997. 11. Statistical Yearbook of Thai Nguyen city 2016. 12. Vietnam construction sector standards: Design standard of the Ministry of Construction, TCVN 7957-2008 - Drainage and sewerage - External Networks and Facilities (for reference, hydraulic calculation and determination of depth of buried sewers) 13. Guide to Sustainable Transportation Performance Measures, United States Environmental Protection Agency, August 2011. 14. US Federal High way Administration, Roadway construction noise handbook, 1/2006. 15. WHO - Assessment of sources of air, water, and land pollution, A guide to rapid source inventory techniques and their use in formulating environmental control strategies. Part 1: Rapid Inventory Techniques in Environmental Pollution. Geneva, Switzerland, 1993. Page | 258 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject APPENDIX Appendix 1: Environmental monitoring locations of the Subproject area during the ESIA pre-construction Page | 259 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Appendix 2: Tentative air monitoring locations during the construction phase Page | 260 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Appendix 3: Dredged Material Management Plan of the Subproject 1. Location, volume and characteristics of dredged materials The proposed project covers rehabilitation of two ditches of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach (dredging and embankment construction). The Contractors shall conduct underwater dredging and embankment backfilling. Scope of works is as follows: - Xuong Rong ditch will be dredged with the length of L = 3,200m, B = 8 -25m and average dredging depth of 0.8m. Total dredged mud volume is 5,650 m3. - Mo Bach ditch will be dredged with the length of L = 3,854m, B = 8 -25m, and average dredging depth of 0.8m. Total dredged mud volume is 24,400 m3. Dredging location of Xuong Rong ditch Dredging location of Mo Bach ditch The analysis results of sediment mentioned in Chapter 2 (Table 25) show that all the analysis indicators of heavy metal in the sediment samples of the two ditches of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach are both below the permitted level (QCVN43:2012/ BTNMT). As a result, dredged material from two ditches can be used to leveling the lowland area for planting trees or to be disposed at two disposal sites of Da Mai and Tich Luong. 2. Final disposal sites Total volume of dredged materials of 02 ditches of Xuong Rong and Mo Bach is 30,050 m3. This amount of dredged materials will be transport to two disposal sites which have been licensed by Thai Nguyen City People’s Committee: - (i) Da Mai disposal Site is located in Tan Cuong Commune, 15km away from Thai Nguyen city center with an area of 25ha, with an estimated reserve of 1,000,000m3 from the beginning of 2017. - (ii) The second disposal site is located in group 1, Tich Luong ward, Thai Nguyen city, 5km away the center. The area of disposal site is 10ha, the permitted volume is 40,000 m3. Therefore, the capacity of to disposal sites fully meets volume of waste materials and solid waste from the work items. Details of the transportation routes from the construction site to Da Mai disposal site and Tich Luong ward disposal site are shown in table below. Table 97: Transportation route to Da Mai disposal site and Tich Luong disposal site Distance No. Work items Transportation route (km) 1 Southnorth road & Huong Thuong Inter-commune road – Tich Luong ward disposal site 2-5 bridge 2 Huong Thuong - Inter-commune road – Tich Luong ward disposal site 2-5 Chua Hang road 3 Dong Bam Inter-commune road – Tich Luong ward disposal site 5–7 Page | 261 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Distance No. Work items Transportation route (km) residential area road 4 Quang Trung - provincial road DT267 - Da Mai disposal Dan bridge 8.5 site 5 Quang Trung – provincial road DT267 – Da Mai disposal Le Huu Trac road 10 site 6 Xuong Rong Xuan Hoa – Tuc Duyen road – inter-commune road – 3-5 drainage ditch Tich Luong ward disposal site 7 Mo Bach stream Quang Trung – provincial road DT267 – Da Mai 11 drainage ditch disposal site 8 Huong Son road - Luu Nhan Chu – NH 37 – Gang Thep Huong Son road – road 3/2 – NH 3 - Quang Trung – provincial road 20 kindergarten 267 – Da Mai disposal site 9 Phan Dinh Phung Hoang Van Thu - Quang Trung – provincial road267 – 12 kindergarten Da Mai disposal site Figure 53: Map of location and distance from Thai Nguyen city center to Da Mai disposal site and Tich Luong ward disposal site 3. Contractor’s Dredging Management Plan The Contractor is required to prepare a Contractor’s Dredging Management Plan (CDMP) and submitted to the Environmental Consultant of the Construction Supervision team and the PMU Environmental Officer for review and approval. The CDMP will include, but not limited to the followings: - The Scope of Works in the Contract package, construction method and schedule - Volume and quality of water quality and sediment quality in the dredging area covered by the contract - Water users that may be affected by the dredging and embankment lining - Materials uploading and transportation method: indicate proposed route of the transport Page | 262 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject from the dredged site to the disposal area, time of operation, type of vehicles/trucks and proposed measures to reduce the leakage of the dredged materials from the transport trucks, - Schedule to inform the nearby communities about the project, disclosure of name and contact number for possible complaints. - Potential social and environmental impacts, including the site-specific impacts and risks. - Mitigation measures to address the potential impacts and risks. The mitigation measures should be proposed based on ESIA/ECOP, ESMP, SEMP, the potential impacts and mitigation measures presented in Section 4 and 5 of this Plan and the following requirements:  Environmental Quality Monitoring plan carried out by the contractor (particularly pH, DO, TSS, BOD,... for water and heavy metals including As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr, Organic Materials and Mineral Oils for sediments and soil  For soil and sediment: The number of samples taken will follow the following guidelines. Table 98: The number of Sediment samples Volume of dredged (m3) No of Sediment Samples Up to 25,000 3 25,000 to 100,000 4-6 100,000 to 500,000 6-10 500,000 to 2,000,000 10-20 For each 1,000,000 above 2,000,000 Additional 10 At least one water, soil and sediment sample must be taken for each contract package - Consultation with affected community about the draft CDMP Excavated soil are separated from dredged materials from source. Excavated soils will be reused on-site and off-site as much as possible and transported to the nearest disposal site appraised under ESIA, or identified and approved during detail engineering design or construction phase; The mitigation measures are adequate to address the potential social and environmental impacts associated with various steps and activities, areas of influence and receptors of dredging, temporary storage, transportation and final disposal of the dredged materials. Field survey are carried out by the Contractor during the preparation of the CDMP in order to identify if there are additional sensitive receptors not identified previously under CCSEP and proposed additional site-specific mitigation measures accordingly. Contractor’s environmental monitoring plan are included Commitments to carry out corrective actions when excessive pollution is determined, or when there are complaints about environmental pollution, social impacts from any stake holders 4. Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures for Dredging The typical potential impacts and risks related to dredging together with mitigation measures are listed in the Table 4 below. Table 99: Typical Socio Environmental Impacts and Risks Impacts and Description Mitigation Measures AT DREDGING and TEMPORARY LOADING AREAS Page | 263 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Impacts and Description Mitigation Measures Interruption to drainage and irrigation - Inform community at least two weeks before dredging service - Dredging half width of the canal each time, retain the Irrigation service may be disrupted if the other half for drainage and irrigation function existing irrigation ditch is blocked during the dredging and embankment lining Odor and air pollution, nuisance - Inform the community at least one week before Decomposition of organic matters under dredging is started anaerobic conditions generates strong - Minimize the duration of temporary loading of odor-generated gases such as SO2, H2S, dredged materials on-site VOC etc. When the mud are disturbed and - temporary loading materials must be transported to the excavated, these gases are released much disposal site within 48 hours faster into the air. Exposure to odor pollution affect the health of workers, - Load the materials on-site tidily local residents and cause public nuisance - Do not load the materials temporarily outside the construction corridor determined for each canal section - Avoid loading the sludge in populated residential areas or near public buildings such as kindergarten. Load the sludge as far from the houses and buildings as far as possible - Cover the temporary sludge loads when loading near sensitive receptors or longer than 48 hours unavoidable Dust and nuisance - Avoid temporary loading of dredged materials on-site Temporary loading of sludge at the - Dredged materials must be transported to the final construction site cause nuisance to the disposal sites earliest possible and no later than 48 hours public from dredging. Dry and wet mud may be dropped along - Use truck with water-tight tank to transport wet/damp the dredging area and on transportation dredged materials; route causing nuisance to the public and - All trucks must be covered tightly before leaving traffic safety risks construction site to minimize dust and mud dispersion along the road Traffic Disturbance - Place “road work” and “slow down” signboards at the The placement and operation of dredging populated or near residential areas. equipment and construction plants on the - Clean up and rehabilitate the disturbed areas as soon ground, temporary loading of the dredged as possible. materials may obstruct or disturb traffic and cause safety risks for the people travelling on the canal-side road, particularly on canal-crossing bridges which are usually very narrow Social Disturbance - Inform the community at least one week before Concentration of workers and equipment, construction is started construction plants, temporary loading of - Monitor to ensure that physical disturbances are within materials and wastes, traffic disturbance, the construction corridors only dusts and odor pollution etc. will disturb - Contractor recruit local labors for simple works, brief daily activities and the lives of local them about project environmental and safety residents requirements before started working Conflicts may also be arisen if workers, - Contractor register the list of workers who come from waste, materials, equipment etc. are other localities to the commune at the construction site present outside the construction corridor - Led the water leaked from wet/damp dredged materials going back to the river, not to affect garden or agricultural land Page | 264 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Impacts and Description Mitigation Measures - Keep the areas to be disturb minimal - Enforce workers to comply with codes of conducts Landslide and soil subsiding risks at - During field survey for the preparation of CDMP, the dredging area contractor in coordination with the Environmental Relative deep excavation or cut and fills Officer of PMU and the Environmental Consultant of the on the embankments that create slopes CES identify weak structures that may be at risk and may lead to landslide and soil subsiding at determine appropriate mitigation measures accordingly the slops or excavated areas, particularly - Consider and select appropriate dredging method that in rainy weather allow minimizing soil subsiding risks, for example carry Deep excavation also cause risks to the out stepped excavation, stabilize slops in parallel to existing buildings nearby, particularly the dredging weak structures or located too close to the - Apply protective measures such as sheet piles at risky deep excavation area. locations Water Quality Degradation - Build coffer dams surrounding the dredging area and Turbidity in water will be increased when pump the water out before starting dredging the mud is disturbed; Water leaked from - If dredging is carried out directly onto the water, dredged material and suface runoff dredge at intervals to allow suspended materials to through disturbed ground also contain resettle before continuing. Observe water color at 20 m high solid contents. Muddy water upstream and stop dredging when water color there entering irrigation ditch will cause started to change sedimentation. Aquatic livest in the canal would also be affected by turbid water. Increased Safety risk for the Public - Place stable barriers along the construction corridor boundary to separate the site with nearby structures - Place warning signs and reflective barriers along the construction area, at dangerous locations and within sensitive receptors - Ensure adequate lighting at Health and Safety risk to the workers - Within two weeks before dredging is started, the contractor will coordinate with local authority to identify The health of workers may be affected good swimmers or those who can dive in the locality, and due to exposure to odor and other hire at least one of them at each canal construction site contaminants from sludge deeper than 3 m and there are workers working on or near Risk of being drown water surface. - Provide and enforce the workers to use masks. If and when working in the water, protective cloths, rubber boots, gloves and hats must be wore. Others - Other relevant measures specified in ECOP or proposed by the contractors as necessary MATERIAL LOADING AND TRANSPORTATION Dust and nuisance, traffic safety risks - Use water-tight tank trucks for transporting wet/dam Dust or wet materials may be dropped materials along the transportation route - Cover the materials tightly before leaving the construction site - Do no overload material on the trucks AT FINAL DISPOSAL SITE Landslide and soil subsiding risks at final - Level the materials after being disposed off Disposal site - Slopes of the dumps will not be steeper than 45o Page | 265 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject Impacts and Description Mitigation Measures Landslide and subsiding risk may happen - Build/create the walls to protect slopes on slopes created at the final disposal site - Create and maintain drainage at the foot of each dump of dredged materials if the slopes created higher than 2 m are too high, steep or unstable Disturbance to existing drainage - Dispose of the materials at designated areas only Unloaded dredged and excavated - Clean up or repair existing drains if blockage or materials may disturbed, damage or block damages are the contractors’ faults. Clean up and repair the existing drains causing localised will be at cost of the contractors flooding 5. Specific Guidance for Dredging at Xuong Rong and Mo Bach canal Identifying the available land for disposing the dredged materials. The plan should also identify the possible lands to be appropriated for the disposal of dredged materials. Public land, land for construction of rural roads, public works, private land, etc. may be used, with an agreement with the project affected households. It should also meet local plans for land use. Preparing for a transportation plan. In case, the dredge disposal area is far away from the dredged sites, the DMP shall set out a transportation plan including: (a) methods of transportation (pipeline, barges, hopper barges) and uploading to the disposal area. If trucks are used, indicate proposed route of the transport from the dredged site to the disposal area, (b) time of operation, (c) type of vehicles/trucks and proposed measures to reduce the leakage of the dredged materials from the transport trucks, (d) contractors’ responsibilities for cleaning the roads and carry out remedial works if necessary, and (e) a communication plan for the nearby communities including contact number for possible complaints. Plan for managing the disposal areas including: (a) plan for reducing the drainage, (b) construction of the perimeter dykes, (c) construction of sub-containment area, if applicable, (d) planned thickness of the dredged materials (typically less than 1.5 meters), (e) any measures to protect ground water and soils (e.g., installation of PVC membrane). Designing the Draining for Disposal lands. As the dredged materials are in the state of mud at first and soil particles are suspended for 24 to 48 hours. All drainage water from disposal land shall be driven to the drains and discharged back to the river. In order to limit the negative impacts of mud (produced by dredging) on the environment as well as the water quality of the canals, the dredged sediment will be transported to a containing area which is appropriately located and properly design with an adequate size. The dredged spoil will be pumped to the disposal land and then overflow to a settlement pond, where turbidity and total suspended solids are settled. After some time, effluent is returned to the river. A typical design of the dike around each disposal may be as follows: Height: 2m, Footing width: 5 m, and Surface width: 1m. The plan should set out a basic layout. Monitoring the Disposed Dredged Materials. A plan for monitoring the dredged materials as well as water quality of effluent would be required. As stated before, an intensive monitoring would be required if the dredged materials contains higher content of the heavy metals and other harmful materials than the national thresholds. In order to mitigate the issue of turbidity during dredging operation, the DMP shall set out dredging equipment and/or techniques suitable to the particular site. On laying dredging machines on a barge, contractors can use a proper mud –stopping net for enclosing the dredging site and keeping back mud on land, not to let it goes back to the canal. If the disposal site for dredge materials is located far away from the dredger, a suction dredger should be used to transfer all the mud and soil in water to the disposal sites. The length of dredging sections should be limited less than 1 km and the dredging should be done one by one. Page | 266 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Dynamic Cities Integrated Development Project – Thai Nguyen City Subproject At the completion of the contract, carry out an assessment on dredged materials, and determine the use of the dredged materials for activities such as: (a) construction (roads and dykes), (b) basis for individual houses, and (c) gardening. Page | 267