The World Bank Urban Safety Net and Jobs Project (P169943) Concept Environmental and Social Review Summary Concept Stage (ESRS Concept Stage) Public Disclosure Date Prepared/Updated: 08/06/2019 | Report No: ESRSC00646 Aug 06, 2019 Page 1 of 11 The World Bank Urban Safety Net and Jobs Project (P169943) BASIC INFORMATION A. Basic Project Data Country Region Project ID Parent Project ID (if any) Ethiopia AFRICA P169943 Project Name Urban Safety Net and Jobs Project Practice Area (Lead) Financing Instrument Estimated Appraisal Date Estimated Board Date Social Protection & Jobs Investment Project 1/27/2020 3/31/2020 Financing Borrower(s) Implementing Agency(ies) Ministry of Finance Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, Ministry of Urban Development and Construction, Urban Job Creation and Food Security Agency Public Disclosure Proposed Development Objective(s) The project will support the GoE in improving the incomes of selected urban poor and the labor market inclusion of disadvantaged urban youth. Financing (in USD Million) Amount Total Project Cost 700.00 B. Is the project being prepared in a Situation of Urgent Need of Assistance or Capacity Constraints, as per Bank IPF Policy, para. 12? No C. Summary Description of Proposed Project [including overview of Country, Sectoral & Institutional Contexts and Relationship to CPF] Based on the experience of the Urban Productive Safety Net Project, the proposed Urban Safety Net and Jobs Project will expand the urban productive safety net ('cash for work' and livelihood grants) and social service for the homeless in secondary cities, and provide employment opportunities for disadvantaged urban youth in collaboration with the private sector. To this end, the project will build systems and strengthen the capacity of the implementing agencies Aug 06, 2019 Page 2 of 11 The World Bank Urban Safety Net and Jobs Project (P169943) (Urban Job Creation and Food Security Agency under the Ministry for Urban Development and Construction and the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs) and participating city administrations and private sector associations. D. Environmental and Social Overview D.1. Project location(s) and salient characteristics relevant to the ES assessment [geographic, environmental, social] The proposed project will build on achievements of the parent UPSNP which has generated significant social benefits through public work activities, livelihood opportunities to targeted communities, and direct cash transfers for labor constrained households in 11 major cities of Ethiopia. The project is also expected to provide a first work experience for disadvantaged urban youth as well as expand the supply of labor market job search services. The Project will be implemented in Addis Ababa, Dessie, Mekelle, Adama, Awassa, Gambella, Asossa, Semera, Jigiga, Harer, Dire Dawa as well as other cities in Ethiopia. It will finance public works which will be identified and planned by city governments through a participatory process involving local communities. Public Works will be identified and planned by city governments through a participatory process involving local communities. They would encompass 5 areas of (i) urban greenery, (ii) waste management, (iii) watershed management and disaster prevention, (iv) small community infrastructure (as part of a larger plan such as the riverside initiative in Addis Ababa, and (v) urban agriculture. The activities would be planned for three years and implemented on a rolling basis. Work site management and coordination will be provided by the Agency’s woreda/kebele offices. Procurement of necessary goods and material will be carried out at the city level. To address the challenges of the urban poor and also take advantages of the economic opportunities in cities, the Public Disclosure proposed project would expand the urban productive safety net and income support and services for the destitute and include a new component to provide young men and women with opportunities to enter the labor market. To this end, the proposed Project would have four components: Component 1 would expand the Urban Productive Safety Net by providing public works and livelihood support to selected urban poor households, from presently 11 cities to 83 cities (proposed by the GoE). Component 2 would provide a first work experience for disadvantaged urban youth as well as expand the supply of labor market job search services. Component 3 would strengthen urban social assistance by expanding direct income support to more cities as well as providing reintegration services for homeless in selected cities. The institutional strengthening component would support both the Urban Food Security and Job Creation Agency as well as MoLSA in implementing the programs and foster public private partnerships as far as possible. The mid- term review of the current project indicates that the borrower has given attention on the implementation of environmental and social safeguards issues . Among other things, safeguards staffing has been good despite variation across the current beneficiary cities. Subprojects have been screened based on their environmental and social impacts, and the screening reports were reviewed and cleared by pertinent regulatory organ i.e. environmental protection authority. Personal protective equipment has been provided to beneficiaries to minimize occupational health and safety risks associated with public work activities. Some of the project activities such as solid waste management and watershed management practices do by nature have positive environmental outcomes. However, there are also gaps which were identified in the course of implementation of the current project. These include relatively weak compliance monitoring, reporting and documentation; inconsistencies in the use of personal protective equipment (by the public work beneficiaries) and weak GRM. Aug 06, 2019 Page 3 of 11 The World Bank Urban Safety Net and Jobs Project (P169943) D. 2. Borrower’s Institutional Capacity Based on the experience with UPSNP, the implementing agency (UFSJCA) has developed some capacity in environmental and social risk management. There is a dedicated E&S specialist at the federal PIU level coordinating and supporting the overall implementation of environment and social risk management. However, the risk management capacity at city level is weak and needs further improvement. Participating cities have been facing difficulties in assigning qualified social and environment and social experts. Moreover, those assigned were not adequately trained and resourced. The challenge will be even higher in cities that will be newly included in the project, and new Woredas/kebeles eventually selected within existing project cities. The federal PIU environmental and social staff will continue to provide support and training on environmental and social risk management to enhance the cities implementation capacity and all participating cities will assign qualified social and environment staff A detailed assessment of the institutional capacity regarding the different project components will be conducted prior to appraisal, while a review of capacity needs will be undertaken at all project implementing cities and staffing and capacity building plan will be prepared to guide requisite training during project implementation. The Federal PIU will have the overall responsibility for monitoring compliance with the agreed mitigation measures and actions as per Environmental and Social Commitment Plan and respective E&S risk management instruments. II. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL (ES) RISKS AND IMPACTS A. Environmental and Social Risk Classification (ESRC) Substantial Public Disclosure Environmental Risk Rating Moderate The Project will have considerable beneficial environmental impacts because of the public works anticipated in the project namely solid waste management (waste collection in river banks, along the roads but does not involve construction or rehabilitation of landfills.), social infrastructure such as construction and operation of communal toilets, watershed management ((on the adjacent hills of the cities, to prevent flooding (through terracing, digging channels, gullies, etc. and improve environmental protection of existing landscapes, including intensive reforestation), urban greenery (rehab of public parts, planting of trees, scrubs and flowers etc.) and urban agriculture (in those areas cleaned of waste, growing produce – no pesticides). The beneficial impacts among others include reduction in the phenomenon of flooding because of cleaning drainage ditches; cleaner air and aesthetics in the beneficiary cities/towns; reduction in prevalence of diseases that can be caused by poor environmental sanitation; improvements in environmental health of the urban centers of Ethiopia. However, the public work activities such as solid waste management, watershed management and disaster prevention, small community infrastructure (as part of a larger plan such as the riverside initiative in Addis Ababa and urban agriculture can have environmental risks . The risks include pollution of ground and surface water ( if wastes are not properly disposed of), emission of GHGs from waste disposal sites, soil erosion, and solid waste may provide a food chain path for transmitting animal and human diseases. Given that these activities will be in implemented in small scale, the potential adverse risks and impacts on the environment are not likely to be significant. The Project does not involve activities that have a high potential for harming the environment. Hence, the environmental risk of the project is Moderate. The client’s relatively weak capacity , as identified in the course of implementation of the current project, has also been considered while proposing the risk rating. Aug 06, 2019 Page 4 of 11 The World Bank Urban Safety Net and Jobs Project (P169943) Public workers handling solid waste can be exposed to occupational health and accident risks related to the content of the materials they are handling, emissions from those materials, and the equipment being used. People living and working near solid waste disposal facilities also are exposed to environmental health and accident risks. Injury issues in solid waste management include back and joint injuries from lifting heavy waste-filled containers and driving heavy landfill and loading equipment. There are also risks associated with the handling of waste (e.g., working in traffic, shoveling, lifting, accidents). Respective mitigation measures are relevant for the PW component, but also for all other components involving works by beneficiaries, e.g. via apprenticeships. Social Risk Rating Substantial Social Risk Rating Substantial Social risks of the project are related to: (i) land acquisition for PW, (ii)social exclusion and elite capture for targeting(Assessments conducted in the country indicate that young people and women are at a significant disadvantaged position in the urban labor market. These groups of people will face further exclusion in this project unless a careful targeting system is in place.), (iii) insufficient community engagement, and (iv) gender-based violence. Other potential risks may be related to under-age participation in PW. An additional item to consider are population movements, above all in relation to forced displacement and related grievances by displaced beneficiaries and/or host communities. The Social risk of the proposed project is therefore rated as Substantial. The rating is based on the inherent risks associated with this type of project stated above and client’s limited capacity to address the risks. New towns to be Public Disclosure included in this phase of the project are expected to have even weaker capacity to address the risks. To preclude any social and environmental risks, the client will establish the following E &S risk management documents: (i) an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), (ii) a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), (iii) a GBV risk assessment with focus on the Destitute component, (iv) a Labor Management Procedures , (v) a Stakeholder Engagement plan, and, likely, a (vi) assessment of the impact of displacement and migration on the project. Respective post-approval requirements will be included in the Environmental and Social Commitment Plan. B. Environment and Social Standards (ESSs) that Apply to the Activities Being Considered B.1. General Assessment ESS1 Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts Overview of the relevance of the Standard for the Project: The project activities such as solid waste management and construction of social infrastructure including community toilets, can have considerable environmental and social risks such as pollution of ground and surface water ( if wastes are not properly disposed of), emission of GHGs from waste disposal sites, soil erosion, and solid waste may provide a food chain path for transmitting animal and human diseases, if the impacts are not properly assessed and mitigated. Even more so provision of benefits to vulnerable households and individuals encompass specific social risks as outlined above; including targeting, intra-community conflicts, GBV and protection, etc. While beneficiaries of UPSNP are vulnerable by definition as a criteria for inclusion into the project (via a targeting approach involving Aug 06, 2019 Page 5 of 11 The World Bank Urban Safety Net and Jobs Project (P169943) community participation with a strong focus on poverty), additional dimensions of vulnerability may require special project attention as they may interlink with the core activities of the project, e.g. female headed households, minor- headed households, elderly, people-with-disabilities, etc. To avoid/mitigate the risks associated with the project, the client will prepare and implement appropriate environmental and social risk management instruments as outlined above. The project stakeholders should be actively engaged in the course of implementation of the project. A labor management plan will be prepared proportional to the project risks; this will be relevant for the PW component as much as the apprenticeship component. ESS1 is therefore relevant for (i) the safety net and PW components including screening of sub-projects (Component I) ; (ii) the apprentice-subcomponent including screening of partner SMEs (Component II); (iii) the support for One-Stop-Shops ( Component II) , (iv) the destitute components including screening of service provides (Component III) ;. The client will also prepare an environmental and social commitment plan outlining detailed commitments to support compliance with the Environmental and Social Standards of the Environmental and Social Framework of the Bank. As the specific sites for the implementation of the project activities has not been identified at this stage, ESMF has been chosen as a safeguards tool for this project. However, during implementation stage,site specific safeguards instruments(ESMP,ESIA) will be prepared to mitigate risks associated with the project activities. Areas where “Use of Borrower Framework” is being considered: The project will not rely on the Borrower Framework. ESS10 Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure Public Disclosure The project focuses on urban poor households and communities, and urban destitutes; they will be the primary stakeholders. Other key stakeholders include all participating cities, MoLSA, Chamber of Commerce as well as CSOs, and Development Partners that will be actively involved in the design and implementation of the program. Therefore, ESS 10 is relevant. A Stakeholder Engagement Plan will be developed with specific provisions for the different project components. The SEP will outline the characteristics and interests of the relevant stakeholder groups and timing and methods of engagement throughout the life of the project. This is especially important for vulnerable households and individuals as well as urban destitute, which are the primary stakeholders as noted above. The project will ensure that the needs and voices of disabled people are heard and people with disabilities are benefited from the Urban Safety Net and Jobs project through inclusive consultation and introduction of standardized designs for accessible facilities such as public toilets, training of officials, and key stakeholders including firms that offer apprenticeships, on disability issues and their specific needs. Enhancement or establishment of project level Grievance Redress (GR) will be undertaken, targeting integration with existing GR structures in the respective communities. Application of the standard will be closely monitored and reported on through the project lifecycle. The World Bank team will further assess the functionality of the GRM and how it can be improved before appraisal. B.2. Specific Risks and Impacts A brief description of the potential environmental and social risks and impacts relevant to the Project. Aug 06, 2019 Page 6 of 11 The World Bank Urban Safety Net and Jobs Project (P169943) ESS2 Labor and Working Conditions Next to project staff, key labor will be provided in the PW component by community workers, by apprentices in component 2.1, and by civil servants in component 2.2 (One-Stop-Shops).). The client will prepare labor management procedures (LMP) proportional to the activities, risks and impacts which provide detailed information on the work terms and conditions including explicit prohibition of child labor. Differentiated provisions will be provided to the different workers under the project, i.e. civil servants, specific PIU staff and consultants, and community workers. The addressed risks encompass standard provisions on child and forced labor, all the way to non-discriminatory working conditions for community labor to codes of conduct and occupational health and safety. In more detail, in line with ESS2, the LMP includes, amongst others, measures to ensure that community labor is provided on a voluntary basis, has established work hours, paid as agreed and in a timely manner, and to further ensure that the occupational health and safety of the community workers, especially women are given adequate attention. The LMP will also identify and provide the type of work that the apprentices will and can be engaged in, as well as the hazardous jobs that both the public work beneficiaries and apprentices will not be involved in. Health and safety risks to which community workers may be exposed from each type of the proposed sub projects will be assessed during planning and design stages to identify and mitigate respective risks. Potential risks may include handling of solid waste which can have risks related to the content of the materials they are handling, emissions from those materials, and the equipment being used. The project will address potential health and safety risks by providing personal safety equipment’s and first aid kits. The workers on the public works program are community labor only. No other form of workforce will be hired except the beneficiary community members, and hence labor influx and associated risks are not expected. The LMP will provide differentiated provisions also for the supported apprentices in SMEs. Finally, the LMP will also outline the establishment and availability throughout the project- Public Disclosure lifecycle of labor-specific grievance redress mechanisms accessible to the different range of workers. ESS3 Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management ESS3 will be applicable for this project as there can be environmental health issues associated with solid waste management. For example, contaminated leachate and surface runoff from land disposal can affect downgradient ground and surface water quality. Methane and carbon dioxide air emissions from land disposal sites account for global warming, and then vector-borne disease abundance and pathogen survival. The client will follow measures specified in the WBG EHSGs and GIIP as per the ESS3 requirements to abate risks from using construction materials such as water, energy, raw materials, etc. Given the small nature of the urban agriculture activities in this project, reliance on application of pesticides is not expected and hence pest management activities are not relevant. ESS4 Community Health and Safety Some of the public work activities will by risky for community workers. Animals feeding on solid waste may provide a food chain path for transmitting animal and human diseases. Besides, if the wastes collected from the urban centers are not properly disposed of, there could impacts on ecological services such as pollution of water sources. If communal toilets constructed by the project are not well managed, it poses risks to the community and users. Aug 06, 2019 Page 7 of 11 The World Bank Urban Safety Net and Jobs Project (P169943) However, most of the project activities due to the nature and scope of the subprojects that includes urban greenery, solid waste management, watershed management, urban agriculture and small scale community infrastructure, the risks and impacts to the community workers and local communities are moderate. These risks will be managed through the ESMF, and Labor management procedures prepared prior to Appraisal. ESS4 is also relevant regarding provisions for GBV. The project will thereby take into considerations outcomes of the recent Bank-funded Ethiopia GBV Portfolio Review, while deepen the understanding via a specific GBV risk assessment, with a specific focus on the destitute component but also the relation between PW beneficiaries and group leaders, domestic violence, and the role of MoLSA workers. The project will ensure that infrastructure facilities constructed are accessible for all including people with disability. The project will produce a standard design for infrastructure subprojects which incorporates elements of disability and gender. Under ESS4, the client will also commit to risk assessments on the digitalization of the program to ensure privacy rights of beneficiaries. ESS5 Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement Generally involuntary loss of assets and properties are expected to be limited. The project will follow the mitigation hierarchy, i.e. avoid, minimize, mitigate and/or compensate potential impacts from the design to the implementation. Sub project sites will be selected with a view to avoid private land take and, where unavoidable, to minimize and compensate adverse impacts on local communities and households. Our assessment for the current Public Disclosure project has indicated that some project activities such as small infrastructure constructions have been implemented on government land with no encumbrancers and there was no private land acquisition. However, to preclude any land acquisition risks, and to guide voluntary land acquisitions (if any), the Borrower will update the RPF for the current project inline with the proposed project activities and will provide guidance on the appropriate safeguard instruments such as ARAPs and where necessary full Resettlement Action Plans(RAPs). The updated RPF will provide the overall principles and objectives of ESS5 and provide guidance on how to mange land acquisition or potential restriction of access and the process to be followed in the case of voluntary land donation. A respective voluntary land donation procedure will also be included, including key principles such as informed decision making, the right to reject, the strict avoidance of significant impacts on livelihoods, and clear documentation. The project is not expected to result in physical displacement of people. ESS6 Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources Given that the Project will be implemented in urban centers of Ethiopia, it is not expected to cause any direct harm on biodiversity as well as on natural, critical and modified habitats. It will also not harm the livelihoods of local communities who depend on the biodiversity and the associated resources. Hence, ESS6 is not currently relevant for this project. ESS7 Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities The project will be implemented in urban areas, and there are no identified vulnerable or marginalized groups with identities and aspirations that are distinct from mainstream groups as defined under the ESF’s Indigenous Aug 06, 2019 Page 8 of 11 The World Bank Urban Safety Net and Jobs Project (P169943) Peoples/Sub-Saharan Historically Under-served Traditional Local Communities standard in the project area of influence. Therefore, this Standard is not currently relevant to the project. ESS8 Cultural Heritage The project will implement community based public works that may have impacts on cultural heritage, mainly through chance finds. The ESMF will outline the procedures on chance finds in Ethiopia. ESS9 Financial Intermediaries Financial Intermediaries (FIs) are not involved in this project. C. Legal Operational Policies that Apply OP 7.50 Projects on International Waterways No OP 7.60 Projects in Disputed Areas No Public Disclosure III. WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL DUE DILIGENCE A. Is a common approach being considered? No Financing Partners No other financing partners identified at this point. B. Proposed Measures, Actions and Timing (Borrower’s commitments) Actions to be completed prior to Bank Board Approval: The following E&S risk management documents will be established before appraisal: (i) an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), (ii) a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), (iii) a GBV risk assessment with focus on the Destitute component, (iv) Labor Management Procedures , (v) a Stakeholder Engagement plan, and, (vi) a forced displacement impact assessment (vii) a detailed institutional capacity assessment In addition, an Environment and Social Commitment Plan will be agreed on between the client and the Bank. Possible issues to be addressed in the Borrower Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP): Aug 06, 2019 Page 9 of 11 The World Bank Urban Safety Net and Jobs Project (P169943) The borrower's ESCP will among other things address commitment to: • Establishment of a function E&S risk management system including deployment of qualified staff • ESF capacity-building plan for implementing cities • Site Specific ESMPs under ESMF for public Works, RAPs when required under RPF • Screening of institutions under the destitute component • Screening of SMEs under the youth employment component • Commitment to appropriate compliance monitoring and reporting • Reporting procedures for (a) regular status updates and (b) immediate notifications on any significant accident or incident to the Bank. C. Timing Tentative target date for preparing the Appraisal Stage ESRS 05-Dec-2019 IV. CONTACT POINTS World Bank Contact: Ayuba Sani Hussein Title: Sr Social Protection Specialist Telephone No: 5358+6142 Email: ahussein1@worldbank.org Public Disclosure Contact: Andrea Vermehren Title: Lead Social Protection Specialist Telephone No: 5358+6051 / Email: avermehren@worldbank.org Contact: Tom Bundervoet Title: Senior Economist Telephone No: 5358+6125 / Email: tbundervoet@worldbank.org Borrower/Client/Recipient Borrower: Ministry of Finance Implementing Agency(ies) Implementing Agency: Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs Implementing Agency: Ministry of Urban Development and Construction Implementing Agency: Urban Job Creation and Food Security Agency V. FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT Aug 06, 2019 Page 10 of 11 The World Bank Urban Safety Net and Jobs Project (P169943) The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20433 Telephone: (202) 473-1000 Web: http://www.worldbank.org/projects VI. APPROVAL Task Team Leader(s): Ayuba Sani Hussein, Andrea Vermehren, Tom Bundervoet Practice Manager (ENR/Social) Iain G. Shuker Recommended on 10-Jul-2019 at 22:26:9 EDT Safeguards Advisor ESSA Nathalie S. Munzberg (SAESSA) Cleared on 06-Aug-2019 at 09:23:26 EDT Public Disclosure Aug 06, 2019 Page 11 of 11