Report No. 689a-IND Indonesia FILE COPY Appraisal of the National Resource Survey and Mapping Project January 15, 1976 East Asia Projects Irrigation Not for Public Use U Document of the World Bank This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization, CURBENCY EQUIVALENTS US$1.00 - Rupiahs (Rp) 415 Rp 1.00 - US$0.241 Rp 1 million - US$2,409.64 METRIC EQUIVALENTS 1 kilometer (ki) 2 0.62 miles 1 square kilometer (km2) - 0.39 square miles ABBREVIATIONS BAKOSURTANAL - National Coordinating Agency for Surveys and Mapping BAPPENAS - National Development Planning Agency CIDA - Canadian International Development Agency JANTOP - Survey and Mapping Division of the Department of Defense GLOSSARY Base-Map - A standard map prepared to a high standard of accuracy based on precise geodetic control, utilized as a basic reference for preparing maps for specialized purposes. Charts - Maps portraying the specific information required for aerial and maritime navigation. Geodetic Control - Establishment on the ground and precise determination of position of a network of reference pointa, which are plotted on aerial photographs during the map production process. Large-Scale - Used in the text to denote photography and maps of 1:50,000 scale and above (e.g. 1:40,000, 1:25,000, etc.). Small-Scale - Used to denote scales below 1:50,000 (e.g. 1:100,000). Planimetric Maps - Maps portraying horizontal distances between any two points precisely to scale. Thematic Maps - Maps depicting specific categories of information (e.g. land use, rainfall) for analytical or planning purposes. Topographic Maps - Maps portraying elevation contours. Remote Sensor Imagery - Images derived from the reflectance of terrestrial objects, obtained from high flying aircraft, the Earth Resources and Technology Satellite, or the recently launched LANDSAT II satellite. FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY INDONESIA APPRAISAL OF THE NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS .................*..**.. ***0.* i - ii I. INTRODUCTION .......................................... 1 II. BACKGROUND ...................... 2 The Role of Natural Resources in Indonesian Development 2 Current Status of Mapping and Resource Survey .......... 3 Survey and Mapping Requirements for Development ....... 8 III. THE PROJECT ........................................... 8 Project Components ....*............................... 9 Mapping and Resource Survey Operations ................. 10 Implementation Schedule ............ ....... ...... 11 Cost Estimates ...............................*. 11 Financing 9....o ** * ..... .............................. 13 Procurement **.....*............... ......... 13 Disbursement *************,*****,********************** 14 Accounts and Audit o.................................................. 14 IV. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT ..***.o.oo..oo.ooo .... ***... 14 Project Management .090990 ***.....** *** ... ........... 15 Manpower and Training oo................oo .......*o o...... 16 Technical Assistance .. . . .............................. 17 Liaison with User Agencies ............................ 17 Dissemination of Information . ......................... 18 Future Operating Levels 0 .............6......0 18 V. BENEFITS AND JUSTIFICATION ..o..oooo.. .oo*............. 19 VI. RECOMMENDATIONS * ooo ............... ooo...o .... .o 20 This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. -2- ANNEXES 1. Current Status of Mapping and Resource Survey Activities 2. Project Description 3. Technical Assistance 4. Training 5. Cost Estimates 6. Allocation of Proceeds of Loan 7. Schedule of Expenditures and Disbursements 8. Implementation Schedule 9. BAKOSURTANAL Organization MAP General Map No. 11038 INDONESIA APPRAISAL OF THE NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS i. The proposed project would be the first Bank Group project speci- fically concerned with the establishment of a national resource survey and mapping institution capable of providing the resource data required for development planning. At present, information about Indonesia's resource endowment is inadequate to meet the needs of national, regional and project planning and air and sea navigation. Furthermore, the synthesis and evalua- tion of available information is hindered by the lack of an accurate and consistent series of base-maps covering the national territory. Only 13% of the land area has been mapped at the 1:50,000 scale, and existing geodetic and aerial photographic coverage is only slightly better. The project would provide the facilities, equipment, materials, and technical assistance required to complete the base-mapping of Indonesia and to initiate a system- atic inventory of the nation's natural resource base. ii. The proposed project consists of several interrelated components which may be grouped into two broad parts. Part I provides for the estab- lishment of a national resource survey and mapping capability, and includes the construction of facilities and the acquisition of equipment required foz map production and resource evaluation; procurement of remote sensor imagery and large-scale aerial photography to support detailed resource mapping and evaluation, and navigational charting; and technical assistance and training in project-related fields. In addition, Part I would include a program of mapping and resource survey operations ;o be implemented by the National Coordinating Agency for Surveys and Mapping (BAKOSURTANAL) utilizing these facilities and services, and a complementary program of technical services to be executed by survey firms. The foreign exchange costs of Part I would be financed by the Bank. Part II of the project provides for the 1:100,000 scale aerial photography, geodetic control, and aerial triangulation required to complete the national base-mapping program. This part of the project would be financed by the GOI, possibly with bilateral assistance. iii. The estimated total cost of the proposed project is about US$46 million. The Bank loan would finance the foreign exchange costs of Part I of the project, estimated at US$13 million, and amounting to 50% of the cost of Part I and 28% of total project costs- The GOI has assumed responsibility for financing Part II of the project, with an estimated total cost of US$20 million, as well as the local costs of Part I, estimated at US$13 million. iv. The Part II components would be executed primarily by foreign contractors. The major Part I components, including cor.struction (US$1.4 million), large-scale aerial photography (US$3.1 million), and equipment (US$3.7 million) would be procured after international competitive bidding in accordance with Bank guidelines. Technical services worth US$2.2 million would be procured through normal Government procedures which are acceptable to the Bank. Technical assistance and training would cOst US$1.8 million. - ii - Contingencies on Part I components amount to US$9.3 million of which US$7.0 million are for expected price increases. Completion of all project com- ponents iLs scheduled to take five years. v. The project would be implemented by the National Coordinating Agency for Surveys and Mapping (BAKOSURTANAL), a non-departmental agency under the jurisdiction of the Minister of State for Research. The Chairman of BAKOSURTANAL would be the project manager, and would be responsible for the overall administration of the project and coordination of the various components. Deputy-Chairmen of BAKOSURTANAL would assume specific responsi- bility for the implementation of base-mapping, charting, resource evaluation, and public service operations. vi. The project would provide direct economic benefits by reducing the costs of mapping and survey activities required for project preparation and specialized survey purposes. These cost savings are estimated at US$3 million per annum for public projects alone at current levels of project preparation and survey work, and would be expected to increase with the aggregate volume of investment. The project would also substantially reduce the time required for project preparation in the resource-based fields, thereby accelerating the implementation of large sectoral investment programs. Long-term benefits which are more difficult to quantify include anticipated improvemenits in the effectiveness of economic and environmental planning at all levels of Government made possible by a reliable natural resource data base, and increased safety of aviation and navigation to be derived from the production of up-to-date navigational charts and information. vii. The proposed project is suitable for a Bank loan of US$13 million for a term of 20 years including a grace period of six years. The borrower would be the Republic of Indonesia. INDONESIA APPRAISAL OF THE NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT I. INTRODUCTION 1.01 Recognizing the need for an accelerated national program of resource inventory and evaluation, the Government of Indonesia (GOI) in 1973 requested Bank assistance in designing and implementing a project which would provide the institutional and physical capability to meet this need. Simultaneously, a request was made to the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) for assistance for a national forest resource evaluation proj- ect. Preliminary preparation work by both agencies indicated the need for a base-mapping program of similar scale before either general resource inventory or a forestry evaluation program could be carried out effectively. At that point it was agreed to carry out further preparation work on a parallel basis, with CIDA assuming responsibility for the small-scale aerial photography, geodetic control work, and aerial triangulation required for base-mapping, and the Bank for provision of facilities, equipment, technical assistance, remote sensor imagery, and large-scale aerial photography required to complete base-map production and to undertake systematic resource in- ventory and evaluation. 1.02 Difficulties in reaching agreement on the formulation of the proposed CIDA forestry studies have delayed negotiations of the entire CIDA loan, including that portion (US$19 million equivalent) which was to have financed the aerial and field survey operations which constitute Part II of the proposed project. Initially it was anticipated that the difficulties regarding the forestry studies could be resolved in a relatively short period of time, and it was therefore decided to postpone the process- ing of Part I of the project, which had been prepared with Bank assistance. Subsequently, it became apparent that agreement over the forestry studies would not be reached rapidly, and that further postponement by the Bank in the initiation of Part I would seriously delay the overall Indonesian resource survey and mapping effort, particularly because the construction, equipment procurement, and institution-building components included in Part I require a longer lead time than do the survey operations included in Part II. A second reason for proceeding with Part I at this time arises from the avail- ability of a substantial volume of base-mapping materials already being produced through joint Australian/Indonesian operations in Sumatera and Irian Jaya. Between 1976 and 1978 the ongoing Australian bilateral assistance program is expected to produce aerial photography and geodetic data covering about 20% of the land area of the country, much of which would remain un- processed in the absence of the proposed project. Proceeding with Part I at this time will enable that backlog to be substantially reduced through contract map production by survey firms, while still ensuring an initial workload for the project agency (BAKOSURTANAL) in 1978, when its own facilities would be completed, also under Part I of the project. The implementation of Part II would commence in 1978 at the latest, thereby ensuring a continuing flow of small-scale photography and geodetic data throughout the project life, and the completion of base-mapping for most of Indonesia by the end of 1980. - 2 - The GOI has assumed full responsibility for the financing of Part II, with Canadian assistance should the current negotiations prove successful, with other bilateral assistance if feasible, or with its own funds. 1.03 This would be the first Bank Group project primarily concerned with the establishment of a national resource evaluation and mapping capa- bility, although survey and mapping components have been included in numerous projects on an ad hoc basis. The major activity in this field in Indonesia to date is the ongoing Sumatra Regional Study component of the Second High- way Project (Credit 260-IND). This project would move beyond previous efforts by building a permanent indigenous resource evaluation and mapping agency, which would generate a substantial body of resource information to be used in the economic planning process. 1.04 The project preparation reports were compiled by the GOI with assistance from Bank missions in July 1973 and March 1974, consisting of Messrs. W. Drewes, C. Bruce, M. Burney (Bank), H. Westbroek, B. Berry, and C. Smith (Consultants), and a CIDA mission in June 1974 led by Mr. W. Webb. This report is based on the findings of an appraisal mission which visited Indonesia in October/November 1974, comprising Messrs. J. Goldberg, W. Drewes, N. Raphaeli (Bank), B.J. Anderson (CIDA), and J. Lizarraga Reyes (Consultant). It includes a description of Part II of the project. II. BACKGROUND 2.01 Indonesia is the world's largest and most populous archipelago, consisting of 3,000 islands extending 5,100 km along the equator. Nearly two-thirds of the population of over 130 million inhabit Java and two neighboring small islands to the east, Madura and Bali, at densities which rival the highest in the world. Other regions, including Irian Jaya on the island of New Guinea, Kalimantan (Borneo), and several provinces of Sumatera are sparsely populated, with important natural resource potentials presently underutilized. The Role of Natural Resources in Indonesian Development 2.02 Resource-based industries, particularly agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and petroleum, gas and hard minerals extraction, play a vital role in the Indonesian economy. Besides providing employment to the great bulk of the population, these industries account for almost all of Indonesia's exports and for over 60% of Gross Domestic Product and of Government revenues. The revenues derived from the extraction, processing, and export of natural resources have enabled the Government to implement a rapidly expanding in- vestment program while maintaining living standards above bare subsistence levels. 2.03 Mqost of the resource development efforts of both Government agencies and foreign firms have been directed to the development of land and forest resources and mineral deposits which were well-known and often in production before WorLd War II. Much of this investment has had to be directed to the - 3 - rehabilitation and modernization of large elements of public infrastructure, such as ports, irrigation systems, and highways, and of mining and commercial agriculture establishments which had fallen into disrepair over the previous decades. As the backlog of such investment in the traditional sectors and the more developed areas has been reduced, and the attention of Government planners has shifted to less-developed regions, serious deficiencies in the availability of information on Indonesia's natural resources and physical environment have become apparent. Current Status of Mapping and Resource Survey 2.04 Deficiencies in resource data have manifested themselves both at the national planning level and in the preparation and implementation of projects, where the necessity to undertake basic resource survey and mapping work on a piecemeal basis has resulted in additional costs, long delays in project preparation and substantial changes in project design during imple- mentation. Efforts to evaluate and map the topography, soils, hydrology, forests, and other resources in proposed project areas have in turn revealed that up-to-date base-maps, aerial photography, and geodetic control are almost non-existent except for small areas of the country which are historically the most developed. In general, information about Indonesia's resource endowment is clearly inadequate to meet the needs of national, regional and project planning. 2.05 Coordination of Mapping and Survey Activities. The existing situation in the mapping and resource survey fields is due in part to inade- quate funding of geodetic and base-mapping work and specialized resource survey and mapping activities, but it is also due to excessive fragmentation of effort in these fields and a resultant low efficiency and inconsistency of work. As the specialized agencies use widely varying map projections, base-map scales, and categories and modes of presentation to present their research findings, much of their output can neither be evaluated comparatively nor integrated to serve as a firm basis for planning and design of agricul- ture, transmigration, transportation, and other projects with strong regional impact. 2.06 The National Coordinating Agency for Surveys and Mapping (BAKOSURTANAL) is responsible for coordinating mapping, survey and aerial photography operations within the GOI, although substantial increases in staff, budget, and facilities are required for this responsibility to be effectively exercised. In particular, the lack of an accurate and consistent series of base-maps covering the national territory has deprived BAKOSURTANAL of a valuable physical tool with which to standardize sectoral thematic mapping and to coordinate the work of field investigations of resources and environmental conditions. 2.07 BAKOSURTANAL has recently also been given the major responsibility for resource inventory and evaluation within the GOI. This task, which involves the compilation, preliminary economic evaluation, and presentation of resource data in a form that will assist economiic planning and policy- making, has been performed haphazardly in the past, never having been clearly - 4 - assigned to any specific agency. The assignment of this function to BAKOSURTANAL provides a linkage between the full range of resource fieldwork and analysis on the one hand and economic planning, coordinated by BAPPENAS, on the other. 2.08 Base-Map Coverage and Production. At present, geodetically- controlled base-maps at the 1:50,000 scale required for thematic mapping and evaluation of most natural resources are available for only 13% of the land area of Indonesia. Most of these are topographic maps produced by the Survey and Mapping Division (JANTOP) of the Department of Defense. This inadequate coverage, which is proportionally among the lowest in the world, raises the costs of survey work and biases survey activity, systematic resource evaluation, and subsequent development investment towards regions which were previously mapped and away from the potentially richest areas of the outer islands. 2.09 The lack of base-map coverage and the slow pace of recent base- map production is in part due to the total reliance on topographic maps as the nation's base-map source. While detailed planning and thematic maps of specific areas often require the addition of topographic contour lines, requirements for a national base-map series could be met more efficiently by uncontoured planimetric maps which can be produced rapidly and at a high order of accuracy by the automatic orthophoto process. Such maps would satisfactorily fulfill the fundamental base-map function of presenting the geodetic data required for all subsequent mapping work. The absence of a civilian, development-oriented mapping agency in part explains why the production of planimetric orthophoto base-maps, which are of little military use, has not been introduced in Indonesia. 2.10 The physical input to the map production process is aerial photo- graphy, which must be keyed to a suitable level of geodetic control in order to produce undistorted maps. Both the density of geodetic control points and the scale of photography required for map production are related to the scale of maps to be produced. The existing geodetic network covers only 20% of the country at the density required for production of 1:50,000 scale base-maps. In the field of aerial photography, only about 15% of the land area has been covered at scales which permit mapping at 1:50,000, and most of this work pertains to Java and the more developed parts of Sumatera. Only four large blocks (in northern and southern Sumatera, eastern Java, and Western Kalimantan) were flown within the last six years and hence provide an up-to-date basis for map production and resource inventories; most of the remaining photography at these scales predates World War II. Thus, any major effort to expand base-map coverage of Indonesia would require substan- tial investments in geodetic control and aerial photography as well as in equipment and staff training. 2.11 Use of Remote Sensor Imagery. The GOI has been affiliated with the U.S. Government's Earth Resources and Technology Satellite program (ERTS) 1/ for the past two years. The primary responsibility for handling ERTS output has, until recently, rested with the National Institute for Aeronautics and 1/ The first satellite in this program, launched in 1972, was originally known as ERTS I. It has recently been renamed LANDSAT I, and the new satellite, launched in 1975, is called LANDSAT II. This report retains the ERTS nomenclature in order to avoid confusion. -5- Space (LAPAN). For a variety of reasons this agency has made little use of ERTS materials for resource evaluation purposes to date, nor does it have the facilities to reproduce and distribute these materials to research institutes, specialized survey and mapping agencies, the Department of Communications, or other organizations which could make use of ERTS imagery for evaluation and survey purposes. The only agency in the GOI currently utilizing ERTS imagery effectively as an input to resource evaluation is BAKOSURTANAL. In its most ambitious effort in this field to date, the Bali Remote Sensing Project, BAKOSURTANAL combined the use of ERTS imagery and large-scale aerial photography interpretation with field surveys by teams drawn from several GOI agencies to investigate the geology, hydrology, soils and land use of that island, thereby introducing a large number of speciali- zed researchers to the use of ERTS imagery in the resource fields. Recognizing BAKOSURTANAL's expertise and interest in this field, the GOI has recently assigned to the agency primary responsibility for the use of ERTS imagery for resource investigation purposes. Fulfillment of this responsibility would require a substantial investment in new imagery, tape analysis, and imagery interpretation and reproduction equipment. 2.12 Specialized Resource Survey and Mapping Programs. Remote sensor imagery, large-scale aerial photography, base-maps, and the photography and geodetic data used to produce base-maps are general tools to be used for a wide range of specialized resource survey and mapping purposes. There are numerous research and survey institutions in Indonesia whose capacicy to use these basic materials far exceed their limited availability. Further- more, the demand for basic mapping materials is increasing rapidly as many of these agencies are improving their technical capabilities, often with substantial technical assistance from abroad. Several agencies, notably those working in the fields of soil survey, cadaster, geology, and marine sciences, have already achieved high scientific standards but their output is limited by budgetary constraints. Output has been further limited by the need to devote a substantial part of the budgets of the specialized agencies to the pro- duction of basic materials, such as localized base-maps, photography, and geodetic control, which could be produced much more efficiently on a centralized national basis. Where available resources do not permit this approach, specialized resource surveys and mapping must be restricted to the areas of the country for which maps are already available. 2.13 Forestry. Forests cover about 60% of Indonesia's land area, and the forest areas of greatest commercial interest generally coincide with the areas for which accurate base-maps at scales usable for inventory work are unavailable. Only about 10% of the nation's forest resource has been mapped by the Directorate-General of Forestry, and no authoritative information exists on the basis of which GOI planners could decide which forests should be reserved to protect the environment, which should be exploited as sustained yield production forests, and which should be converted to agriculture. This problem is now particularly acute both because concessions may have already seriously infringed on natural reservation forests 1/ and because the proposed 1/ There is currently no way of determining concession boundaries accurately since the concession maps are not based on geodetically controlled base- maps and typically overlap and contradict each other. - 6 - transmigration program involves a large amount of forested land. Further- more, the Government badly needs the up-to-date data which can be provided by ERTS imagery and aerial photography to monitor the extent of deforestation due to commercial and subsistence logging operations. 2.14 Soil Survey. The Soils Research Institute of the Department of Agriculture, located in Bogor, is responsible for soil survey and mapping throughout the country with the exception of Northern Sumatra which is served by an institute specializing in estate crops located in Medan. The Soils Research Institute is being assisted by a five-year US$1.5 million FAO/UNDP project initiated in 1973. While this project along with several related land and water resource projects will accelerate the evaluation and mapping of Indonesia's land resources, the present rate of output in terms of area covered is very slow, with soils surveys covering only 9% of the land area Ito date. Soil survey work outside of Java is limited to those areas being photographed by FAO where geodetically controlled base-maps already are available. 2.15 Land Use Surveys. Several agencies are involved in land use surveys and mapping, with most of the work oriented to taxation purposes. Broad land use mapping is done by the Directorate General of Agraria in the Department of Internal Affairs. The reliability of the output of this agency is limited by its reliance on field survey methods to the total exclusion of use of aerial photography. Improved access to such photography should lead to a modernization of its method of operation and improved results in this important field. Mapping for land ownership taxation pur- poses is primarily done by the Directorate General of Cadaster in the Department of Internal Affairs, which produces maps of relatively good quality at large scales of selected areas. This office utilizes photo- grammetric methods and aerial photographs along with terrestrial surveys in urban areas. The IPEDA 1/ office in the Department of Finance does similar mapping, plotting agricultural holdings to assess taxes based on estimated crop yields. These IPEDA taxes are distributed to the kabupatens (districts) and kotamadyas (municipalities) and form the basis for local public finance in Indonesia. The tax-oriented agencies currently must spend about 30% of their budgets on base-map preparation, which restricts their tax-assessment work and in turn limits the volume and equity of tax collection. 2.16 Transmigration Planning. The Directorate General of Transmigration in the Department of Transmigration and Cooperatives does some mapping work in relation to its settlement projects, but until now has relied heavily on JANTOP for base-mapping and on the Soils Research Institute for soil survey and mapping. The lack of base-map materials, large-scale photography, and comprelhensive resource inventories of proposed transmigration areas has delayed the planning and execution of both individual settlement projects and the overall transmigration program. The Second Five Year Plan sets a target of 1,250,000 ha to be settled through organized transmigration. Attainment of this goal largely depends on substantial improvement in aerial photography and base-map coverage to identify those areas in the outer islands 1/ A tax based on the productivity of agricultural land. - 7 - suitable for settlement and to serve as a basis for subsequent project pre- paration. Both the Bank and FAO are presently considering providing technical assistance to improve the technical planning capability of this agency. 2.17 Geological Surveys, The Directorates of Mines and Geology in the Department of Mining are responsible for the mapping of mineral deposits and geology respectively. With the assistance of a team of advisers from the U.S. Geological Survey, the Directorate of Geology has produced several map series of quite high technical standard, but as in other fields the rate of work has not kept pace with the country's needs. In particular, the lack of geodetic control outside of Java has seriously restricted Government- sponsored geologic survey and mapping in the outer islands. 2.18 Charting. The situation in the field of nautical and aviation charting is possibly more urgent than in any other specialized mapping field in Indonesia today. Nautical charts are produced by the Naval Hydro- graphic Service for the Directorate General of Sea Communication in the Department of Communications. The backlogs in the field of hydrographic survey, due to shortages of vessels, equipment, and trained staff, have led to a situation of deteriorating safety of navigation, particularly because of the constant changes in depths of river and coastal channels and of sandbars at river mouths. For this reason, the Department of Communications is vitally interested in obtaining base-maps based on up-to-date photography, as well as unprocessed photography of coastal areas and river basins and detailed geodetic data for the many coastal areas where triangulation points have disappeared over the last three decades. The planning of shipping operations could also be assisted by analysis of ERTS imagery, which can indicate siltation rates and substantial depth changes in rivers, harbors, and coastal areas in a fraction of the time required for hydrographic survey. 2.19 The situation in aeronautical charting is possibly even more critical than in nautical charting. No aviation charts are currently being produced in Indonesia, and aviators must rely on World Aeronautical Charts of 1:1,000,000 and 1:500,000 scale. The basic requirements are for aerodrome obstruction charts at 1:10,000 scale for 40 domestic airfields, instrument approach charts at 1:25,000 scale for Medan, Palembang, Jakarta, and Den- pasar, and precision approach terrain charts for Jakarta and Denpasar. 2.20 Other Specialized Survey and Mapping Programs: The lack of basic mapping materials and data has handicapped Government planning in several other fields, including the framing of policies regarding natural resource exploitation (e.g., in the fisheries and water resource fields) and the planning of infrastructure investment programs (e.g. highways, telecommunications, ports and waterways). 2.21 Regional Resource Surveys. Regional resource surveys have a relatively short history in Indonesia, and most such surveys undertaken to date have depended heavily on external financial and technical assistance. In this regard mention may be made of regional studies of West Sumatera supported by Germany, of Southern Sumatera supported jointly by the Bank as part of the Second Highway Project (Credit 260-IND) and Germany, and of Sulawesi and the eastern islands recently begun by Canadian-sponsored teams. In addition, the ongoing program of land capability appraisal studies being conducted by a FAO/UNDP team in conjunction with the Soils Research Institute possesses many of the characteristics of a regional resource survey program. BAKOSURTANAL has gained valuable experience in the organization and implemen- tation of such surveys through the Bali Remote Sensing Project (para 2.11) and sever;al smaller projects directed to ecological monitoring on Java. The Governmenit's plans to accelerate the rate of transmigration would require a substantially enlarged program of regional resource surveys in designated transmigration areas. Survey and Mapping Requirements for Development 2.22 It is thus clear that a substantial investment in aerial photography, geodetic control, equipment, and facilities for the production of base-maps and other mapping materials is required in order to accelerate and coordinate the generation of information on Indonesia's natural resource base. In addition, regional resource surveys should be complemented and assisted by the interpretation of satellite imagery and large-scale aerial photography, which wou:Ld require investment in equipment and facilities as well as in the basic materials. 2.23 While requirements in the short-term are for specific tasks to be performed and for certain materials to be produced, the long-term need is for institutionalization of the process of base-mapping, resource survey, and resource inventory and evaluation. Base-mapping is a continuous operation which should respond to demands for updating, revision, and larger-scale presentation as development proceeds, and thus demands a permanent institu- tional commitment. Although resource survey work is in general best per- formed by specialized line agencies possessing the required technical expert- ise, the synthesis, evaluation, and presentation of the detailed data generated by these agencies in a form which will assist economic planning and policy-making is a task best performed by a single agency. The GOI desires tc use an accurate national series of base-maps to promote the standardization and coordination of resource survey and mapping work by all Government: agencies and private and international organizations working in Indonesia, and has accordingly allocated the responsibility for both base- mapping operations and resource inventory and evaluation to a single agency. The proposed National Resource Survey and Mapping Project is designed to strengthern and equip this agency to play its designated role. III. THE PROJECT 3.01 The proposed project would provide the implementing agency, BAKOSURTANAL, with the physical capability and technical assistance required to undertake two major tasks which are prerequisites for the acceleration and coordination of natural resource inventory and evaluation in Indonesia. - 9 - The first is the completion of an accurate series of geodetically-controlled base maps for the entire land area of the country, a task which in turn requires substantial geodetic field work and small-scale aerial photography. The second is the initiation of a national resource inventory and evaluation effort which would utilize the new base maps and small-scale photography, earth satellite imagery covering large blocks of the country, and large-scale aerial photography of specific areas, as well as conventional field survey methods. A subsidiary program to improve aeronautical and navigational charts required by the Department of Communications would also be included. Project Components 3.02 The project consists of several interrelated components which may be grouped into two broad parts. Part I, the foreign exchange costs of which would be financed by the Bank, consists of items (a) through (g) in para 3.03, and would establish a strong indigenous institutional capability in mapping and resource survey. Part II, which would be financed by the GOI possibly with bilateral assistance, consists of items (h) through (j), and would pro- vide the cartographic materials and data necessary to complete the base- mapping of Indonesia. 3.03 A detailed description of the project is presented in Annex 2. the main components of the project are as follows: (a) Construction of headquarters for BAKOSURTANAL at Cibinong, including suitable facilities for printing and cartographic shops and photographic laboratories; (b) Procurement of cartographic, printing, imagery inter- pretation, and other equipment required for both map production and reconnaissance resource evaluation; (c) Procurement of remote sensor imagery, including earth satellite output; (d) Aerial photography at scales of 1:50,000 and above, of approximately 300,000 km2 to support detailed mapping of specific areas for project planning and charting purposes; (e) Technical services to be executed by qualified survey firms, including geodetic control, photo processing and repro- duction, and contract map production for delimited areas; (f) Engagement of individual experts to provide technical assistance to BAKOSURTANAL in geodesy, aerial photography, cartography, printing processes and resource evaluation; (g) Training in the country and overseas of BAKOSURTANAL's senior technical and professional staff, and training in the country of staff technicians; - 10 - (h) Aerial photography at a scale of 1:100,000 of approxi- mately 950,000 km2; (i) Extension throughout Indonesia of the primary, secondary, and tertiary geodetic control network to density required for 1:50,000 scale mapping; and (j) Aerial triangulation of a-L areas flown. Mapping and Resource Survey Operations 3.04 Base-Map Production. Planinetric base-maps at 1:50,000 scale, of Java, Bali, the Lesser Sunda Islands, the Moluccas, Sulawesi, and the unmapped portions of Kalimantan, would be produced by BA1KOSURTANAL utilizing equipment and technical services provided under Part I of the project and 1:100,000 scale aerial photography and additional geodetic control data to be provided under Part II. Maps covering Irian Jaya and the unmapped portions of Sumatera at the same scale would be produced for BAKOSURTANAL by qualified survey firms under Part I of the project, utilizing aerial. photography and geodetic control provided with Australian assistance. The two sets of maps would be fully compatible, and together would constitute a consistent series which would serve as the basis for resource surveys, thematic mapping, and naviga- tional charting throughout Indonesia. In addition, the equipment to be pro- vided would enable BAKOSURTANAL to add topographic contours to the base-maps of specific areas to be studied intensively. 3.05 Charting Operations. BAKOSURTANAL would produce urgently required aeronautical and maritime navigatioral charts, utilizing equipment and large- scale aerial photographiy provided under the project. The charts would be keyed to the new base-maps and to the geodetic data to be produced under the project and by the joint Australian/Indonesian operations. Charting work programs would follow the priorities established by the Department of Communications. In addition, BAKOSURTANAL would provide satellite imagery materials and analysis to the Department of Communications to assist in the preparation of navigational guides and bulletins and to update existing charts. 3.06 Regional Resource Survey. Although small-scale mapping photo- graphy and satellite imagery will faCilitate resource and environmental analysis at the reconnaissance level and help identify broad patterns of potential development, field surveys would be required to generate the more detailed data needed to identify project possibilities and to delineate favorable project areasG Survey operations would be planned and directed by BAKOSURTANAL, althoughi the field teams would be composed of staff drawn from the line departments and universities as well as from BAKOSURTANAL. The work of the field surveys would be supported by large-scale aerial photo- graphy provided under the project. 3.07 The surveys would cover natural geographical regions, primarily in the outer islands, which on the basis of existing information, imagery - 11 - and photo interpretation, and field checking appear favorable for trans- migration and land settlement, irrigation, agricultural development, mineral extraction and lumbering, or transport infrastructure investment. Surveys on Java would be primarily oriented to the assessment of deforestation, erosion, flooding patterns, and other forms of ecological deterioration and the determination of suitable resource conservation policies and programs. BAKOSURTANAL has already produced a tentative five-year work program of regional resource surveys based on the regional and sectoral priorities enunciated in the Second Five-Year Plan. Surveys to be carried out would be reviewed periodically in consultation with BAPPENAS. Implementation Schedule 3.08 The project is scheduled for completion in five years, taking into account normal weather conditions throughout the archipelago. The ongoing Australian assistance program is currently completing photographic coverage and geodetic control of most of Sumatera, following which operations will begin in Irian Jaya, which should be completed in early 1979. The processing of these materials into base-maps by Indonesian survey firms could begin in mid-1976. The construction of the BAKOSURTANAL building would be completed by September 1978, while most of the equipment would be installed by June 1978, enabling BAKOSURTANAL to commence base-map and chart production on or before that date. To ensure a continuing flow of cartographic materials, therefore, small-scale aerial photography operations in Kalimantan, to be implemented under Part II of the project would commence by about June 1978, followed by operations in Sulawesi, Java, and the remaining islands. In order to conform to this schedule, geodetic fieldwork in Kalimantan, financed under Part I of the project, would begin in late 1976. Training programs and regional resource surveys would begin in early 1976. Resource inventory and evaluation activities would also commence during 1976, as photography and remote sensor imagery become available. The proposed project schedule and critical steps in project implementation are presented in Annex 8. 3.09 The successful implementation of the major mapping and resource survey operations to be executed under the proposed project depends on the timely provision of aerial photography. As substantial delays in obtaining flight clearances and permits have occasionally been encountered by foreign contractors performing aerial photography work on Government-supported projects, assurances were obtained that (a) BAKOSURTANAL would be responsible for assisting contractors in obtaining all clearances and permits required to implement the project; and (b) GOI would ensure that such clearances and permits are granted before aerial photography contracts are signed. Cost Estimates 3.10 Total project costs are estimated at US$46 million equivalent (Rp 19,000 million). The foreign exchange component is estimated at US$32.2 million or 70% of total project cost. Estimates are based on recent quota- tions for similar equipment and remote sensor imagery, and on recent unit cost contract rates for building construction and large-scale aerial photo- graphy. Estimates for the geodetic control and small-scale aerial photo- graphy components are based on work and flight plans and unit costs of - 12 - similar recent work in Indonesia, taking into account weather conditions in the various regions. The estimates for this work include a rather high foreign cost component, as they are based on the assumptions of bilateral assistance and completion of work in the shortest feasible period of time. BAKOSURTANAL's personnel and overhead costs for map and chart production and desk studies of resource availability are included under Administration and Overheads, while separate estimates for field work are included under Regional Resource Surveys. All cost estimates have been adjusted to January, 1976 levels. Physical contingencies of 15%, which are adequate, have been allowed on all items except technical assistance, for which a considerable reserve provision has been included in the base cost estimate. Expected price increases due to inflation of 10% in 1976, 8% in 1977-79, and 7% in 1980 have been included for the equipment component, including physical contingencies. For all other items and physical contingencies, increases of 14% in the first year, 12% in 1977-79, and 10% in 1980 have been allowed. Expected price increases amount to 27% of total project costs. 3.11 A breakdown of project costs is given in Annex 5 and is summarized below: Local Foreign Total Local Foreign Total ---Rupiah million-- ----US$ million----- A) Part I Components: Building and Facilities 380 300 680 0.9 0.7 1.6 Equipment and Materials 400 1,110 1,510 1.0 2.7 3.7 Remote Sensor Imagery - 120 120 - 0.3 0.3 Large-Scale Aerial Photography 560 710 1,270 1.4 1.7 3.1 Technical Services 460 450 910 1.1 1.1 2.2 Technical Assistance 40 380 420 0.1 0.9 1.0 Training 70 260 330 0.2 0.6 0.8 RegionaL Resource Surveys 920 170 1,100 2.2 0.4 2.6 Adminis tration and Overheads 510 80 590 1.2 0.2 1.4 Base Cost Estimate 3,340 3,580 6,920 8.1 8.6 16.7 Physical Contingencies 490 480 970 1.2 1.1 2.3 Expected Price Increases 1,540 1,380 2.920 3.7 3.3 7.0 Sub-Total 5,370 5,440 10,810 13.0 13.0 26.0 B) Part II Components: Small-Scale Aerial Photography 70 2,960 3,030 0.2 7.1 7.3 Geodetic Control 100 1,660 1,760 0.2 4.0 4.2 Aerial Triangulation - 120 120 - 0.3 0.3 Technical Assistance 30 130 160 0.1 0.3 0.4 Training - 210 210 - 0.5 0.5 Base Cost Estimate 200 5,080 5,280 0.5 12.2 12.7 Physical Contingencies 30 770 800 0.1 1.9 2.0 Expected Price Increases 90 2.110 2,200 0.2 5.1 5.3 Sub-Total 320 7,960 8,280 0.8 19.2 20.0 Total Project Cost 5,690 13,400 19,090 13.8 32.2 46.0 - 13 - Financing 3.12 The proposed Bank loan of US$13 million would finance the full foreign exchange cost, or 50% of the total cost of the Part I components listed above. The local costs of the Part I components, US$13 milli'.n equivalent, would be covered by GOI annual budget appropriations. To assure that adequate funding is available during the start-up period, the GOI has already formally allocated sufficient funds to IAKOSUXrANAL to finance Part I components through March 1977. Assurances were obtained that, within two years of Loan signing, the GOI would make definitive arrangements satisfactory to the Bank for financing Part II of the project. Procurement 3.13 Except where noted otherwise, all items to be financed under the Bank Loan would be subject to international competitive bidding in accordance with bank Group guidelines. The large-scale (1:50,000 and above) aerial photography, worth about US$3.1 million, would be subject to international competitive bidding. Several local firms are well qualified to compete for this work, which will by its nature as an adjunct to studies of relatively small areas be divided into a large number of small contracts rarely exceed- ing US$100,000 each. 3.14 All equipment and materials, including items required for training programs, costing a total of about US$4.0 iallion, would be procured after international competitive bidding, with two classes of exceptions. Small off-tuie-shelf items, costing less than US$10,000 each, and limited to a total of US$200,000, would be purchased through normal Government procurement procedures which are acceptable to the Bank. In addition, some of the required equipment and materials are highly specialized, patented, or compatible with larger equipment systems, and are thus unsuitable for international competi- tive bidding. For these items, totalling about US$400,000, procurement would follow prudent shopping procedures after prior approval by the Bank. For equipment and materials, a preference of 15% or the level of customs duties, whichever is less, would be provided to qualified local manufacturers. 3.15 Construction of the headquarters building and facilities, costing about US$1.4 million, would be subject to international competitive bidding with a preference limited to 7-1/2% extended to qualified local contractors in the evaluation of bids. There are a number of local firms who could com- pete successfully for this contract. Costs of architecture, design, and site supervision, totalling about US$200,000, would be borne by GOI. As the proposed headquarters site is Government property (para 4.01), no provision has been made for land acquisition cost. 3.16 Individual survey firms or consortia of firms would be selected, following procedures acceptable to the Bank, to provide technical services worth US$2.2 million, including the extension of geodetic control in Kalimantan (US$1.4 million), photographic processing (US$0.2 million), and base-map production in Sumatera and Irian Jaya (US$0.6 million). - 14 - Disbursement 3.17 Disbursements from the proposed loan would be made at the rate of 100% against the foreign exchange expenditures on all directly imported equipment and materials, 95% of the ex-factory cost of such items manufactured locally, and 65% of the actual cost of locally procured imported items. Disbursements for con- sultants' and specialists' services and overseas training would be made at the rate of 100% of foreign expenditures. For construction of the building complex, large-scale aerial photography, and technical services, disbursements would be made at 65%, 55% and 50% respectively against certified statements of work performed. The proposed allocation of the proceeds of the loan is presented in Annex 6, while the estimated schedule of expenditures and a semi-annual disbursement schedule are presented in Annex 7. It is expected that disbursement would be completed by September 30, 1981. Accounts and Audit 3.18 BAKOSURTANAL is a Government agency whose accounts are audited annually by the Government's auditors. Assurances were obtained that BAKOSURTANAL would maintain separate project accounts and that audited financial statements, together with the auditors' comments, would be submitted to the Bank within four months of the close of each financial year. IV. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT 4.01 BAKOSURTANAL, the National Coordinating Agency for Surveys and Mapping, would be responsible for the implementation of the project. It is one of five non-departmental agencies engaged in the collection, processing, and analysis of basic data and statistics 1/ which have been placed under the statutory control of the Minister of State for Research, who has in addition been granted wide authority in the area of natural resource evaluation. The site selected for construction of the new headquarters complex for BAKOSURTANAL is part of a 208-ha plot of Government-owned land at Cibinong, West Java, which is under the jurisdiction of the Minister of State for Research. 4.02 BAKOSURTANAL was established in 1969 to advise the President on all matters related to mapping, surveys, and natural resource evaluation and to coordinate all surveys and mapping activities within the GOI. Its res- ponsibilities were expanded recently to include the operational control of all resource evaluation activities within the GOI and the use of ERTS imagery for resource evaluation purposes. 1/ The other four are the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), the Indonesian Institute for Sciences (LIPI), the National Institute for Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), and the National Agency for Atomic Energy (BATAN). - 15 - Project Management 4.03 BAKOSURTANAL is administered by a Chairman assisted by four Deputies with responsibility for base-mapping, special maps and charts, resource eval- uation, and systems management (Annex 9). In addition, a computer programming section will be added to handle the anticipated increase in analytical cartographic and resource inventory work. Assurances have been obtained that the positions of Chairman, Deputy for Base-Mapping, and Deputy for Resource Evaluation would at all times be filled by qualified and experienced persons and, before an appointment is made to any such position, GOI would afford the Bank a reasonable opportunity to exchange views with it on the qualifications and experience of the persons considered for the appointment. 4.04 Administration. The Chairman of BAKOSURTANAL would be the project manager, in charge of the overall administration of the project and coordi- nation of the various components. The Deputy for Systems Management would be primarily concerned with procurement, inter-agency standardization of cartographic work, the establishment of a training program, and the estab- lishment of a public service office responsible for issuing catalogs of available materials and sales and distribution of those materials. 4.05 Base-Mapping. Base-mapping operations will be the direct responsi- bility of BAKOSURTANAL's Deputy for Base-Mapping. While most of the aerial photography, geodesy, and aerial triangulation will be performed by contract, the photogrammetric compilation and map production and reproduction will primarily be performed by the staff of BAKOSURTANAL. In addition, topographic base-mapping of specific areas will be plotted on request by the staff of the Deputy for Base-Mapping. 4.06 Charting. The Deputy for Special Maps and Charts would be respon- sible for implementing a program of aeronautical and navigational charting in close cooperation with the Department of Communications. Charting work, which would be performed by BAKOSURTANAL staff, would at first be focussed on the urgent requirements of civil aviation, as Indonesia currently has no ongoing program in aeronautical charting. 4.07 Resource Evaluation. The Deputy for Resource Evaluation would be responsible for the implementation of several different types of resource evaluation activities, including the compilation of widely dispersed existing materials, analysis of satellite imagery and aerial photography with the imagery interpretation equipment to be provided under the project, field surveys of regional resource potentials, and thematic mapping and desk studies synthesizing information from these various sources and the new national base-map series. 4.08 Reconnaissance resource evaluation and monitoring utilizing earth satellite imagery have made great strides in recent years, and there is a nucleus group of Indonesian scientists and technicians working in BAKOSURTANAL, closely allied Government agencies and the major Indonesian universities, who are well versed in the use of the latest analytical techniques in this - 16 - field and capable of training others in those techniques. Imagery interpre- tation would be performed by BAKOSURTANAL staff and qualified staff members from other agencies and the universities. 4.09 The Deputy for Resource Evaluation would also be responsible for executing BAKOSURTANAL's program of regional resource surveys. These surveys would rely substantially on fieldwork by multi-disciplinary resource survey teams which would investigate the economic potentials and ecologic conditions of specific project-sized areas selected in consultation with BAPPENAS (para 3.06). The rational selection of areas meriting intensive study as a basis for project planning will be greatly facilitated by preliminary analysis of aerial photography and remote sensor imagery. The field teams would be composed of BAKOSURTANAL staff members and seconded staff from other agencies and universities. Advisers in resource survey and imagery analysis provided under the project would also be available to participate. Manpower and Training 4.10 Accomplishment of the institution-building and production objectives of the project will entail a rapid increase in the staff of BAKOSURTANAL from aiout 45 members at present to over 200 at the end of the project period including over 90 professionals (Annex 4). The necessary staff will be recruited from the ranks of university graduates and military officers retiring from the technical mapping services, and no difficulties are anti- cipated in recruiting the required numbers. In addition, a considerable amount of training would be provided under the project. Project-related training activities would be coordinated as closely as possible with the numerous bilateral training programs available. There is an especially large number of bilateral programs sponsoring overseas training, and these sources could handle roughly 50% of the overseas training needs of the project. Assurances were obtained that BAKOSURTANAL would appoint a qualified training officer to its staff within nine months of Loan signing to coordinate training programs and to ensure that effective use is made of available fellow- ship and training programs. 4.11 There are also several bilateral programs sponsoring training in project-related fields within Indonesia. The most important of these programs operate in conjunction with the two universities preeminent in the carto- graphic and resource survey fields, the Instutut Teknologi Bandung and the Gadjah Mada University of Jogyakarta respectively. An important new program to train photogrametric and cartographic technicians administered by BAKOSURTANAL has recently commenced on the Bandung campus with substantial assistance from the International Training Center (ITC) of the Netherlands. This program would be expanded with additional staff to be provided by ITC and equipment provided under the proposed project to ensure that adequate numbers of qualified technicians would be available to fulfill project-related needs. BAKOSURTANAL would also make use of other training programs, such as those at Gadjah Mada in resource survey and photo-interpretation, and in addition would organize its own courses to meet specific requirements. - 17 - Techni2cal Assistance 4.12 Although BAKOSURTANAL's current staff and recruitment plans imply that a considerable amount of Indonesian expertise will be available to implenent the project, both the magnitude and complexity of the tasks to be performed will require additional expertise in several highly specialized fields during the life of the project. The Australian Government is committed to provide one expert in geodesy and aerial photography through 1979 to assist BAKOSURTANAL in the planning and management of the joint Australian/ lndotnesian field operations in Sumatera and Irian Jaya (para 3.04). ITC has agreed to provide five man-years of teclhnical assistance in photogrammetry and cartography, to be used primarily to train BAKOSURTANAL staff (para 4.12). Under Part II of the projects five man-years of technical assistance in geodesy and aerial photography would be provided to assist BAKOSURTANAL in the planning and coordination of the extensive survey components included in that portion of the project. The Bank would finance the engagement by BAKOSURT.NAL of internationally recruited experts in the fields of imagery analysis, orthophoLo production, aeronautical charting, cartographic repro- duction, data handling, and integrated resource survey. Draft terms of reference for these specialists are included in Annex 3. The technical assistance to be financed by the Bank, totalling 12 man-years of specialist services, would also include provision of two man-years to fill short-term needs. The adviser in integrated resource survey, who would be on board for at least three years, would in addition to his technical duties be responsible for advising the management of BAKOSURTA4AL on the selection of the other advisers to be provided under the Loan, and for assisting in the coordination and direction of the work of the other Bank-financed specialists. Assurances were obtained that specialists to be financed by the Bank would be engaged on terms and conditions approved by the Bank; and that the adviser in integrated resource survey would be engaged within six months of Loan signing. Liaison with User Agencies 4.13 The Minister of State for Research has established a ministerial- levei steering committee to ensure close liaison between BAKOSURTANAL and the many agencies which will either provide raw data as input to the agency or receive processed maps, photography, and data output from it. The steering committee will be chaired by the Minister of State for Research, and will include the Minister of Internal Affairs and the Chairman of BAPPENAS as permanent members with other ministers added on an ad hoc basis when problems in any specific resource field arise. This same liaison function will be exercised on an operational level by an existing technical committee chaired by the Chairman of BAKOSURTANAL (the project manager) and drawing on the directors of technical departmental divisions and other agencies whose work is closely related to resource survey and mapping. Finally, fieldwork re- lated to multi-disciplinary regional resource surveys will be integrated through the use of seconded staff from specialized departments and agencies. - 18 - rn.ssemination of Information 4.14 In the past, available mapping, imagery, and resource survey materials have not received as wide a distribution as desirable. As antici- sated benefits depend on the extensive dissemination of project output, as- surance, were obtained during negotiations that interested agencies of the Gc.'ernment as well as non-governmental organizations, firms, and indi- vi.'ua1s doing work for the Government would have ready access to all data, imagery, photography, maps and charts produced under the project. A library to housez all materials produced under the project as well as additional materiaLs collected by BAKOSURTANAL would be included in the building to be constructed under the project to provide public access. In addition, catalogs of available materials would be published and distributed throughout the Government and to universities, firms, and interested members of the general public. Materials for which considerable demand is evidenced would be repro- duced in BAKOSURTANAL's facilities and sold to users at a fee which would be limited to the cost of reproduction. Responsibility for dissemination of information and distribution of materials would be formally vested in the Deputy for Systems Management, although all senior staff of BAKOSURTANAL involved in liaison or multi-disciplinary work would informally excercise this responsibility. Future Operating Levels 4.15 By the time the project is completed in late 1980, 1:50,000 base- maps would have been produced for most of the land area of the country, all important airfields and aviation and shipping routes would have been charted, and geodetic control at the density required for 25-meter contour mapping would have been established throughout the country. BAKOSURTANIAL operations after this point would focus on the analysis of resource potentials and the updating and refinement of base and thematic maps for areas receiving high priority in national investment programs. The generally recommended base-map updating frequency for regions supporting substantial economic activity is 15 years, and maintenance of this level would require small- scale aerial photography of about 30,000 km2 per year, costing about US$200,000 equivalent in 1976 prices. 1/ Resource surveys, chart updating, and production of 1:25,000 base-maps for selected areas would justify large-scale photography of a similar area annually, at a cost of about US$300,000 equivalent. Acquisition of newly-developed equipment systems and replacements is unlikely to exceed US$500,000 per annum, while maintaining personnel, training, and field resource survey operations at the levels reached at the end of the project would necessitate expenditures on the order of US$1,500,000 per annum. Total costs of BAKOSURTANAL operations are thus unlikely to exceed US$3,000,000 per annum (January, 1976 prices) afer completion of the project. This sum would amount to less than 0.4% of projected annual investment in the agri- cultural sector alone. 1/ This would represent about one-tenth of the peak annual level anticipated during the project. - 19 - V. BENEFITS AND JUSTIFICATION 5.01 The proposed project would provide substantial econorvic benefits by: (a) reducing the costs and delays incurred in mapping and survey activities required for project preparation and specialized survey purposes; (b) improving the effectiveness of sectoral, regional, and environmental planning and policy-making; and (c) increasing the safety of aviation and navigation. 5.02 Cost and Time Savings in Project Preparation. The preparation of infrastructure, agriculture, and resource development projects requires large-scale planning maps of the project areas. The production of these maps in turn requires reasonably accurate small-scale base-maps, which must be keyed to geodetic reference points through the use of aerial photography. Since adequate base-maps are available for only 13% of Indonesia, project preparation currently involves considerable expenditure to produce local base-maps. This involves strip-flying on the periphery of project areas in order to identify ground reference points, geodetic fieldwork within the project areas, and the preparation of base-maps for those small areas. The production of base-maps covering the entire country would eliminate the necessity for this inefficient piecemeal approach to base-mapping, and result in considerable cost and time savings in project preparation. 5.03 Project-induced cost savings would benefit the large number of Government agencies, private firms, and other organizations which rely on mapping in project preparation and resource survey work. A survey of the major Indonesian aerial survey firms and specialized map-producing agencies indicates that about US$2 million equivalent of strip photography and US$1 million equivalent of cartograplhic work would be saved annually on public projects alone, at current levels of work. The level of these bene- fits would be expected to increase along with the volume of investment. 5.04 The elimination of unnecessary mapping operations would reduce the time as well as the cost of project identification, selection, and pre- paration, and would remove one of the prime causes of delay in the implementa- tion of investmient programs in Indonesia. While most of the large sectoral irivestment programs have experienced considerable delay and slippage in the past due to the absence of accurate geographic data, the transmigration pro- gram has probably been most seriously affected. Without a national reconnais- sance level inventory of land availability at scales in the 1:50,000 to 1:1i00000 rarge, identification of suitable project sites has been seriously delayed (para 2.16), and even where such sites have been identified, project preparation has been delayed by up to two years by the necessity to initiate soil survey, aerial photography, and soil mapping operations specifically for the proposed projects and without the background data which could have - 20 - eon provided by comprehensive aerial photography and base-map series. The roposed project would largely eliminate this source of delay in the cycle of project preparation and implementation, and would thus provide an import- ant benefit to the economy by advancing the timing of the benefit streams of the large number of projects whose preparation requires mapping. 5.05 Improvements in Planning Effectiveness. The proposed project wo_G imiprove the effectiveness of economic planning at all levels of Govern- ment. Sectoral planning in the resource-based fields would benefit from an expanded body of resource data derived from aerial photography, satellite imagery, and field surveys, as well as from an institutionalized capacity in BAKOSLRTANAL to continuously update and refine the data base and to evaluate resource availabilities in economic terms. This data base and institutional capacity would also enable BAPPENAS to determine where conflicts between various sectoral programs exist, and to select alternatives which make the most effective use of available resources. The regional resource analyses and estimates of regional comparative advantage to be produced by BAKOSURIANAL would provide both BAPPENAS and local administrations with a firm technical basis for regional planning. Finally, the project would provide the information system necessary to monitor ecological developments and to devise policies to prevent further environmental deterioration and resource waste. 5.06 The improvements in sectoral investment planning which are anti- cipated to follow the establishment of a strong resource evaluation capabi- lity in BAKOSURTANAL would increase the productivity of investment by im- proving the selection among alternative investment possibilities. The pro- ductivity of investment in agriculture, transmigration and land settlement timber and mineral extraction, and related transport infrastructure is particularly dependent on the accuracy and coverage of natural resource information, which at present is clearly inadequate in terms of both quality and quantity (para 2.04). Total public investment in these resource-base sectors in Indonesia currently exceeds US$500 million equivalent per year. Thus costs of the proposed project on an annual basis represent less than 2% of current public investment in the benefitting sectors, and relatively small improvements in the productivity of these investments due to improved planning and information would alone justify the project. 5.07 Safety of Nlavigation. Although the benefits of increased safety of aviation and navigation to be derived from the production of up-to-date aeronautLcal and hydrographic charts are difficult to quantify, they are expected to be large in relation to the small incremental costs of the charting program. VI. RECO4MENDATIONS 6.01 During negotiations, assurances were obtained that: - 21 - (a) BAKOSURTANAL would be responsible for assisting contractors in obtaining all flight permits and clearances required for project implementation, and that the GOI would ensure issuance of such permits and clearances before signing of aerial photography contracts (para 3.09); (b) The GOI would rmake definitive arrangements satisfactory to the Bank for financing Part II of the project within two years of Loan signing (para 3.12); (c) Separate project accounts would be kept by BAKOSURTANAL and the Government auditors would submit audited financial state- ments and comments to the Bank within four months of the close of each financial year (para 3.18); (d) Senior managerial positions in BIIKOSURTANAL would at all times be filled by qualified and experienced persons, and that new appointments to these positions would be made after consultation with the Bank (para 4.03); (e) A qualified training officer would be appointed within nine months of Loan signing to coordinate training programs and to ensure that effective use is made of available fellow- ship and training programs (para 4.10); (f) Internationally recruited experts to be financed by the Bank would be engaged on terms and conditions to be approved by the Bank, and that the adviser in integrated resource survey would be engaged within six months of Loan signing (para 4.12); and (g) Interested agencies of the Government as well as non- governmental organizations, firms, and individuals doing work for the Government would have ready access to all data, imagery, photography, maps and clarts produced under the project; and that wide public use of these materials would be actively promoted by BAKOSURTANAL (para 4.14). 6.02 With the above assurances the proposed project would be suitable for a Bank Loan of US$13 million, with a 20-year maturity and a grace period of six years. The borrower would be the Republic of Indonesia. January 15, 1976 ANNEX 1 Page 1 ITDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MPPING PROJECT Current Status of Mapping and Resource Survey Activities 1. Information about Indonesia's resource endowment is clearly inade- quate to meet the needs of national, regional, and project planning and proj- ect and program execution. In the field of resource surveying and mapping, Indonesia lags substantially behind other developing countries, many of which have a far less complex physical and human resource endowment. This situa- tion is due in part to the inadequate amount of resources devoted in the past to geodetic and base-mapping work and specialized resource survey and evaluation activities, but it is also due to excessive fragmentation of effort in these fields and a resultant duplication of work. The widespread duplication of work coupled with the low aggregate level of financing means that much of the research output is unreliable or, at the least, not detailed enough to serve as a basis for project preparation or rational negotiation of contracts for resource-based projects. The fact that the various agencies use widely varying map projections, base map scales, and categories and modes of presentation means that much of the output cannot be evaluated compara- tively, and certainly cannot be integrated to serve as a firm basis for plan- ning and design of agricultural, transmigration, transportation, and other projects with strong regional impact. Coordination of Mapping and Survey Activities 2. Htapping and survey activities in Indonesia are carried out by a large number of sectoral departments, research institutes, universities, and private firms. In 1969 a Presidential Decree was promulgated estab- lishing the National Coordinating Agency for Surveys and Mapping (BAKOSUR- TANAL), with responsibility for coordinating mapping, resource survey, and aerial photography operations within the GOI. Unfortunately, the manpower, budgets, and facilities allocated over the next few years were insufficient to permit the agency to effectively exercise this responsibility. In par- ticular, the lack of an accurate and consistent series of base-maps covering the national territory deprived BAKOSURTANAL of a valuable physical tool with which to standardize sectoral thematic mapping and to coordinate the work of regional resource surveys. 3. Recognizing the importance of a national base map series in pro- moting the standardization and coordination of resource survey work, the GOI has designated BAKOSURTANAL as the implementing agency of the proposed project, thereby uniting the functions of base-map production and survey coordination in a single agency. In addition, BAKOSURTANAL has been given the major responsibility for resource inventory and evaluation. This task, ANNEX 1 Page 2 which involves the compilation, preliminary economic evaluation, and pre- sentation of resource data in a form which will assist economic planning and policy-making, has been performed haphazardly in the past, never having been clearly assigned to any specific agency. The assignment of this func- tion to BAKOSURTANAL provides a linkage between the full range of resource fieldwork and analysis on the one hand and economic planning, coordinated by BAPPENAS, on the other. This linkage should greatly improve both re- source work, by directing it to operationally relevant areas and problems, and economic planning, by providing a firmer basis of scientific fact. Base-Map Coverage and Production 4. At present, geodetically-controlled base-maps at the 1:50,000 scale required for thematic mapping and evaluation of most natural re- sources are available for only 13% of the land area of Indonesia. Most of these are topographic maps produced by the Survey and Mapping Division (JANTOP) of the Department of Defense. This coverage is propiortionally among the lowest in the world, lagging far behind countries like Brazil, India, Pakistan, Peru, and Thailand. For example, the entire land area of Thailand was covered by 1:50,000 scale topographic base-maps, and most of Afghanistan was base-mapped at similar scales, by 1962. This lack of coverage limits the extent and pace of detailed resource surveys, raises the costs of survey work by factors often exceeding 100% and, most seri- ously, biases survey activity, systematic resource evaluation, and subse- quent development investment toward established regions mapped long ago by the Dutch and away from the potentially richest areas of the outer islands. 5. The lack of base-map coverage and slow pace of recent base-map production is in part due to the insufficient equipment with which JANTOP is now operating. At present six conventional plotters are being used to produce topographic maps manually, at a rate which would require 30 years to complete coverage of the country, ignoring updating requirements. While the rate of production could be increased to some extent by increasing the number of plotters, delays would be incurred because of the need to train additional operators to the high levels of skill and meticulousness required for topographic mapping. The training itself would divert skilled operators and plotters from map-production for a considerable length of time. 6. An alternative strategy to accelerate the rate of base-map pro- duction is to shift from the current total reliance on topographic maps (which JAŽ1TOP is committed to produce) to uncontoured planimetric maps as the nation's primary base-map resources. Planimetric maps can be produced automatically by advanced orthophoto plotters, rapidly 1/ and at a uniformly high level of accuracy. No agency of the GOI has an orthophoto plotter at present. 1/ Several orthophotoscopes currently available produce map sheets at rates six or more times faster than standard manual topographic plotters. ANNEX 1 Page 3 7. A reorientation from topographic to planimetric national base- mapping would provide the opportunity to place the major mapping effort firmly in the civilian rather than the military sphere. While JANTOP has cooperated frequently with sectoral agencies in producing topographic maps for transmigration and other project areas, conflicts between nilitary and development-oriented mapping priorities have occurred. Absence of a civilian mapping agency and total reliance on JANTOP for base-mapping is one reason why planimetric base-maps, which are of little military use, have not been produced to date. 8. The physical input to the map production process is aerial photo- graphy, which must be keyed to a suitable level of geodetic control in order to produce undistorted maps. Both the density of geodetic control points and the scale of photography required for map production are related to the scale of maps to be produced. The existing geodetic network covers only 20% of the country at the density required for production of 1:50,000 scale base- maps. In the field of aerial photography, only about 15% of the land area has been covered at scales which permit mapping at 1:50,000, and most of this work pertains to Java and the more developed parts of Sumatera. Only four large blocks (in northern and southern Sumatera, eastern Java, and western Kalimantan) were flown within the last six years and hence provide an up-to-date basis for map production and resource inventories; most of the remaining photography at these scales predates World War II. Thus, any major effort to expand base-map coverage of Indonesia would require substan- tial investments in geodetic control and aerial photography as well as in equipment and the training of staff. Use of Remote Sensor Imagery 9. Remote sensor imagery is particularly valuable in the analysis of broad regional patterns, such as the interrelated progression of settle- ment or logging operations, deforestation, erosion, river siltation, and flooding patterns. Regional patterns of geomorphology and seismic zones which strongly affect probabilities of mineral discovery, land capability ald uses, and potential natural hazards, are also amenable to remote sensor i.magery analysis. This form of analysis Is particularly valuable in coun- tries where trained specialists capable of undertaking field investigations are in short supply, and where little field monitoring of geographical con- ditio*ls in remote areas is done. 10 Despite the fact that BAKOSURTANAL has had to work without ad- vanced interpretation equipment and with a limited amount of earth satel- 1ite lmagery, the agency has made a promising start toward utilizing avail- -ible imagery for resource analysis. In particular, BAKOSURTANAL staff have begun the ground-truth field investigations which are required for future use of this type of imagery on a national scale. In its most ambitious effort in this field to date, the Bali Remote Sensing Project, BAKOSURTANAL combired the use of ERTS imagery and large-scale aerial photography inter- pretation with field surveys by teams drawn from several GOI agencies to investigate the geology, hydrology, soils and land use of that island, ANNEX 1 Page 4 thereby introducing a large number of specialized researchers to the use of ERTS imagery in the resource fields. Recognizing BAKOSURTANAL's ex- pertise and interest in this field, the GOI has recently assigned to the agency primary responsibility for the use of ERTS imagery for resource investigation purposes. Specialized Resource Survey and Mapping Programs 11. Remote sensor imagery, large-scale aerial photography, base-maps, and the photography and geodetic data used to produce base-maps are general tools to be used for a wide range of specialized resource survey and mapping purposes. There are a large number of research and survey institutions in Indonesia whose capacity to use these basic materials far exceed their lim- ited availability. Several agencies, notably those working in the fields of soil survey, cadaster, geology, and marine sciences, maintain high scien- tific standards but produce a volume of output limited by budgetary con- straints. Unfortunately, a substantial part of the budgets of many of the specialized agencies must be devoted to the production of basic materials, such as localized base-maps, photography, and geodetic control, which could be produced much more efficiently on a centralized national basis. Where available resources do not permit this approach, specialized resource sur- veys and mapping must be restricted to the areas of the country for which maps are already available. 12. A list of GOI agencies involved in mapping and resource survey is presented in Appendix A, while Appendix B presents a breakdown of the types of data produced and utilized by several of the specialized mapping and survey agencies. ANNEX 1 Appendix A Page 1 INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT GOI Agencies Engaged in Survey and Mapping I. Basic Surveys and Mapping a. National Coordinating Agency for Surveys and Mapping (BAKOSURTANAL) b. Naval Hydrographic Service (HIDRAL) c. Survey and Mapping Division (JANTOP) II. Natural Resources a. Water Resources 1. Directorate of Meteorology and Geophysics 2. Institute of Hydraulic Engineering 3. National Institute of Oceanography (LON) 4. Marine Fisheries Research Institute (LPPL) 5. Directorate General of Fisheries b. Mineral Resources 1. Directorate of Geology (Dir Geologi) 2. Directorate of Mining (Dir Pertambangan) 3. State Corporation for Oil Exploration (PERTAMINA) 4. National Atomic Energy Agency (Badan Tenaga Atom Nasional) C. Soil and Land Resources 1. Directorate General of Agriculture (Dir. Djen. Pertanian) 2. Soil Research Institute (Lembaga Penelitian Tanah) 3. Directorate of Land Use (Dir Tata Guna Tanah) 4. Directorate General of Estates (Dir Djen. Perkebunan) 5. Directorate of Husbandry (Dir Djen. Peternakan) 6. Directorate of Cadastral Registration (Dir Pendaftaran Tanah) 7. Directorate of Land Rights (Dir Pengurusan Hak Tanah) 8. Directorate of Land Reform 9. Directorate of Land Registration (Dir Pendaftaran Tanah) ANNEX 1 Appendix A Page 2 d. Forestry Resources 1. Forest Research Institute (Lembaga Penelitiah Hutan) 2. Directorate General of Forestry (Dir Djen Kehutanan) e. Multidisciplinary 1. National Development Planning Board (BAPPENAS) 2. Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) 3. Provincial Governments 4. Universities III. Capital Resources a. Directorate General of Public Works (Dir Djen. Bina Marga) b. Directorate of Irrigation (Dir Irrigasi) c. Directorate of Major Rivers (Dir Sungai Rawa) d. Department of Communications (Dep Perhubungan) e. Directorate of City and Urban Planning (Dir Tata Kota dan Daerah) f. Directorate General of Electric Power (Dir Djen Tenaga Listric) IV. Human Resources a. Central Bureau of Statistics (Biro Pusat Statistik) b. Department of Transmigration and Cooperatives (Dep Transmigrasi dan Koperasi) c. Directorate General of Regional (Social) Planning Geographic Referenc Mineral DATA GROUPS Material Land Data Data Water Forest Dcean Data Bc. 0 la,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 0 12 k m 4 H 8~~~0 4 -H cc 0) 00 0-1408 )4 ;94 024 Naval ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~0 Hydr. Ofic c c ccP cp Land~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ as orec-rt c4 p cp c ccc cl c GologAicaTI Su w y0 c0 c0 c c c cpcp p L A P A N c c c pc pc c c c cA l p BorosUtAL PlCnn PCic a c c c Pc c c cccc pccc c| Navat bd. O ffngrpice Int c c c PC pcapc? Land UseatirectOffico c c pc pc pc aPPCpCCc c 0 c pc pc a Cadstoorologlcal an c a Cloonogial Survey o c c o c a ?c a CP CPC Ltatistics c c c PC cPpCp c pc a c PC WatPerA ReoreDrc c c c c a c c c Pc Pcc c c cPl c Forbae&Roioa Planning office c a c a c _ c a c c c c c PC c PC c LandLEEN Taato Ofic = Prdcto PC PCt PC PCnce aepnil ao Pol ct Pn rcsn.| Urban~~~~~~~~ = Consumptio Plnnn Dirat a by 00Cc agnce pr l utlzn or rourn sch Cata in th fuue 0 I A I a U I a I I I I I I A I I I i LEGND-p Prducioofdaab gni reaonsbleforco c ommto ofdt yaece rsntyuiiigo eurngsc aai h uue ANNEX 2 Page 1 INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT Project Description 1. Although several project components serve a variety of purposes, for purposes of simplified presentation the components may be grouped into three categories: (a) Basic survey operations required for production of base- maps, including aerial photography, geodetic control, and aerial triangulation; (b) Establishment of an advanced base-map production and resource inventory capability in BAKOSURTANAL. This would involve construction and equipping of a head- quarters for the agency, provision of aerial photo- graphy and satellite imagery to support regional resource surveys, and substantial technical assis- tance and training; and (c) Implementation by BAKOSURTANAL of operational programs which would complete base-map coverage of the entire land area of the country, accelerate and improve the production of navigational charts, and produce compre- hensive regional resource surveys based on the work of multi-disciplinary field teams . These programs would utilize the equipment and materials provided under (a) and (b). Basic Survey Operations 2. Geodetic control. The primary purpose of the geodetic control component is to provide a framework of data on horizontal and vertical distances between selected reference points required to produce accurate planimetric base-maps. In addition, the geodetic data generated would be used for subsequent mapping of a more detailed nature, including topographic contour mapping. The raw data will also be useful for geologic survey and other specialized resource survey applications. 3. Horizontal geodetic control at the density required for 1:50,000 scale mapping would be established throughout Indonesia with the exception of Sumatera, Irian Jaya, and part of West Kalimantan, where control is being provided with Australian and British assistance, and Java and Bali, where the existing network is adequate. Geodetic control fieldwork in Kalimantan, to be executed by survey firms, would be financed under Part I of the project, while control for the remaining areas would be financed under Part II. The exact horizontal position (latitude and longitude) of approximately ANNEX 2 Page 2 480 control points would be established by large field teams working with up to six Doppler satellite receivers. Vertical control, consisting of the determination of precise elevations of the control points and the establishment of approximately 32,000 km of level lines, would be provided through the use of airborne radar altimeters. The density of the vertical control network to be established would support subsequent topographic mapping with contour intervals of 25 meters. 4. Small-scale aerial photography. Aerial photography at the 1:100,000 scale covering all of Indonesia with the exception of Sumatera, Irian Jaya, and part of West Kalimantan would be provided under the project. A total of approximately 950,000 km2 would be photographed by jet aircraft of the Lear-jet type. This photography would be used by BAKOSURTANAL to produce 1:50,000 base-maps, and by forestry evaluation teams as the basis for a national reconnaissance forest inventory. 5. The 1:100,000 photography scale is the smallest scale which can be used to produce 1:50,000 maps with currently available technology, instrumentation, and aircraft. This scale presents several important advantages over larger scales which could be used to produce 1:50,000 maps. Aside from minimizing the amount of flying required, the 1:100,000 scale results in the largest possible area being covered by each photograph and the smallest possible number of photographs required to cover the terri- tory. As each photograph used for mapping purposes must include a fixed number of geodetic control points 1/, minimizing the number of photographs required also results in minimizing the number of geodetic control points. The scale selected thus minimizes the costs of both the aerial photography and geodetic control work included in the project. In addition, the 1:100,000 scale photography presents a manageable data base which can be used for reconnaissance resource evaluation at the national and regional levels. For example, the_19,000 photographs to be produced at this scale would be effectively utilized by forestry evaluation teams. The much larger numbers required at larger scales 2/ would be unmanageable. 6. Aerial triangulation. The orthophoto map production process re- quires a considerable amount of data to remove the distortions inherent in the aerial photography input. The computation of this data, or aerial triangulation, will be performed with high precision measuring equipment (stereo-comparators) and computers. 1/ Normally at least three points are required. More points permit greater accuracy. 2/ At 1:50,000 scale, 76,000 photographs would be required. ANNEX 2 Page 3 stablishment of Resource Inventory and Mapping Capability Building and facilities. BAKOSURTANAL's present facilities in downtown Jakarta are too small to house the large cartographic and print- ing shols, photographic laboratory, and library required to achieve the objectives of the proposed project. Also the present location is close to extr,emely busy urban traffic routes and construction activity which would disturb the delicate plotting mechanisms of the cartographic equip- ment to be provided. The new headquarters complex to be financed under the pro;ject would be located near Cibinong between Jakarta and Bogor, easily accessible to the important soils, forestry, and agriculture institutes and universLties in Bogor as well as to Jakarta. 8. Four two-story buildings, with a total floor space of 4,000 m , would be constructed. Since the film materials and many of the instruments to be installed are sensitive to heat and dust, central air conditioning would be provided. The cost of architects' fees and engineering for the complex would be borne by GOI. 9. Equipment and materials. Equipment and materials required for map production, reproduction of maps and reports, imagery interpretation, and the outfitting of a library and data bank would be procured by BAKOSURTANAL under the proposed project. All equipment provided will eventually be installed in the new building to be constructed, although some of the smaller and more readily available items will first be utilized in the agency's present facilities. 10. Map production equipment would include a battery of plotters capable of producing high quality 1:50,000 scale base-maps for the entire country dur_ng the project period, as well as larger-scale maps (1:25,000, 1:10,000, etc.) for detailed resource analysis and navigational charting. There are two basic types of plotters in general use: A machine specifi- cally detsigned to produce maps rapidly with a minimum amount of operator attention and skill, usually referred to as an orthophotoscope; and a con- ventionaLl plotter 1/ which operates relatively slowly and thus requires a greater input in skilled operator time per map sheet produced. In addition to their automatic production capability, several orthophotoscope machines are capable of projecting undistorted three-dimensional images of aerial photos, a feature which is extremely valuable for the study of physical geography and resource inventory work. For purposes of base-map produc- tion andi resource survey the orthophotoscopes are thus clearly superior, despite the fact that the cost of the conventional plotter and attachments is only about 40% that of the orthophotoscopes. For purposes of topographic contour mapping of small areas, however, the production rate of existing 1/ Usually available with attachments which permit semi-automatic ortho- photo map production. ANNEX 2 Page 4 orthophotoscopes is little better than that of a conventional manual plot- ter, and the latter is preferred on the grounds of economy. Because of the variety in the types of maps BAKOSURTANAL will be called upon to produce, plotters of both types would be provided. 11. Additional map production equipment to be provided would include a cartographic process camera, a mini-computer, scribing instruments and tables, and expendable materials. 12. Reproduction equipment would include a large rotary map press, several smaller printers, cameras and platemakers, developing units, and stocks of film, plates, paper and ink. 13. BAKOSURTANAL has the technical expertise to utilize earth satel- lite imagery competently and thoroughly for resource analysis, and would acquire a large bank of such imagery under the project (para 15). In the past few years a number of sophisticated electronic instruments have been developed to permit the detailed interpretation and analysis of earth satellite images at a level far beyond visual inspection. Although this type of instrument represents a substantial investment, it enables a single experienced researcher to analyze resource potentials, ecological change, and navigational conditions over large regions with a minimum amount of supplementary field investigation and in a minimum amount of time. In addition to economizing on the use of scarce scientific and technical manpower for field survey purposes, electronic imagery interpretation provides the means for continuous monitoring of geographical trends and for isolating and integrating geographical factors through enhancement of various image bands on a viewing screen. Provision of an imagery inter- pretation machine is therefore included in the project on the grounds of quality, speed, and overall economy of resource evaluation work. 14. A data center consisting of a library of books, reports, photo- graphy, maps, imagery, and computerized data bearing on Indonesia's resources would be established in BAKOSURTANAL's new headquarters. Equipment and fur- nishings for this center, including storage and map cases and files, cata- logs, and other furniture would be provided under the project. 15. Remote sensor imagery. The project would finance the acquisition by BAKOSURTANAL of two complete sets of earth satellite imagery covering the national territory, one obtained during the dry season and one during the rainy season. Computer analysis of the image tapes would also be pro- cured, as would the film required to develop image negatives. 16. Large-scale aerial photography. The project would provide a sub- stantial amount of large-scale photography to support BAKOSURTANAL's planned resource survey and charting operations. Both regional resource inventories and project identification in transmigration, agriculture development, and other fields typically require photography in the 1:50,000 to 1:10,000 scale range for evaluation of land resource capability and to produce thematic maps synthesizing the results of field investigations and imagery interpretation. ANNEX 2 Page 5 The production of the most urgently needed aeronautical charts would require 1:25,000 and 1:40,000 photography of areas surrounding airfield sites. The project would finance aerial photography covering approximately 300,000 km2 (15% cf the country) at these larger scales. 17. Technical assistance and training. These components of the pro- posed project are discussed in detail in Annexes 3 and 4 respectively. Mapping and Resource Survey Operations 18. Base-map production. Planimetric base-maps at 1:50,000 scale would be produced under the project for all of Indonesia with the exception of parts of West Kalimantan, Sumatera, and Irian Jaya, for which the Royal Australian Survey Corps and JANTOP will produce 1:50,000 topographic maps. Maps of the remaining areas of Sumatera and Irian Jaya would be produced by survey firms under Part I of the project. Maps of Sulawesi, Java, Bali, the unmapped portions of Kalimantan, the Lesser Sunda Islands, the Moluccas, and other regions would be produced by BAKOSURTANAL staff utilizing equipment (paras 9 - 12), 1:100,000 scale aerial photography (para 4), aerial triangulation data (para 6), and geodetic control data (paras 2 and 3) to be provided under the project. 19. The 1:50,000 mapping scale was selected to satisfy the basic re- quirements of the maximum number of specialized sectoral and mapping agen- cies. This scale is particularly well-suited to thematic mapping presenting the results of regional resource surveys and of specialized resource surveys (soils, land use, etc.) which would be synthesized to present a firm basis for transmigration planning. 1/ It is also one of the standard base-mapping scales used throughout the world. 20. Charting operations. BAKOSURTANAL would produce aeronautical and navigational charts keyed to the base-maps and geodetic data to be produced under the proposed project and by the joint Australian/Indonesian operations. The charts would be produced by BAKOSURTANAL staff, utilizing equipment (paras 9 - 12) and large-scale aerial photography (para 16) provided under the project. Charting work programs would follow the priorities established by the Department of Communications. In addition, BAKOSURTANAL would pro- vide satellite imagery materials and analysis to the Department of Communi- cations to assist in the preparation of navigational guides and bulletins and to update existing charts. 21. Regional resource surveys. Although small-scale mapping photo- graphy and satellite imagery will facilitate resource and environmental analysis at the reconnaissance level and help identify broad patterns of potential development, field surveys would be required to generate the more detailed data needed to identify project possibilities and to delin- eate favorable project areas. Survey operations would be planned and directed by BAKOSURTANAL, although the field teams would be composed of 1/ The Director General of Transmigration has approved the selection of the 1:50,000 scale for this purpose. ANNEX 2 Page 6 staff drawn from the line departments and universities as well as from BAKOSURTANAL. The agency has coordinated such multi-disciplinary, multi- agency teams successfully in the past, in full cooperation with the spe- cialized departments and institutes. The work of the field surveys would be supported by large-scale aerial photography provided under the project (para 16). 22. The surveys would cover natural geographical regions, primarily in the outer islands, which on the basis of existing information, imagery and photo interpretation, and field checking appear favorable for trans- migration and land settlement, irrigation, agricultural development, mineral extraction and lumbering, or transport infrastructure investment. Surveys on Java would be primarily oriented to the assessment of deforestation, erosion, flooding patterns, and other forms of ecological deterioration and the determination of suitable resource conservation policies and programs. BAKOSURTANAL has already produced a tentative five-year work program of regional resource surveys based on the regional and sectoral priorities enunciated in the Second Five-Year Plan. This work program would be re- viewed periodically in consultation with BAPPENAS, and each individual resource survey project would require prior BAPPENAS approval. ANNEX 3 Page 1 INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT Technical Assistance 1. Successful implementation of the proposed project depends on the execution of several highly complex technical tasks on a rather tight sched- ule. While BAKOSURTANAL currently has on its staff a nucleus of highly competent technical experts which will be augmented by recruitment and training, planned expansion of the agency's operations would strain the capacity of its senior staff unless timely technical assistance were pro- vided. Several staff members who currently perform much of the technical and analytic work will be forced to devote an increasing share of their time to administration, recruitment of new staff, supervision of technical work and training programs, and liaison with other agencies. The project would provide about 17 man-years of individual specialists' services to assist the agency in the installation and running-in of the new equipment systems, the execution of specialized technical tasks, and training of counterparts. With properly managed technical assistance, BAKOSURTANAL is envisaged to be self-sufficient by the time the project is terminated in 1980. 2. Part I of the project includes provision for technical assistance in integrated resource survey (3 man-years), printing and reproduction (2 man-years), imagery analysis (2 man-years), aeronautical charting (1 man-year), data handling (1 man-year), and orthophoto map production (1 man-year) as well as 24 man-months of short-term assistance in such areas as aero-triangulation, procurement, and the design of training programs. Draft terms of reference for the specialists whose services would be financed by the Bank are included in Appendix A to this Annex. 3. Part II of the. project would provide 5 man-years of technical assistance in aerial photography and geodesy, to assist BAKOSURTANAL manage- ment of major survey operations. 4. In addition to the technical assistance provided under the project, BAKOSURTANAL would receive technical assistance from Australia and the Netherlands. Specifically, one Australian expert in aerial photography and geodesy will be assigned to BAKOSURTANAL at least through 1979. This adviser will be primarily concerned with the mapping of Sumatera and Irian Jaya, but would also be available to provide general assistance in his field of ex- pertise. Two experts (in photogrammetry and cartography) from the Interna- tional Institute for Aerial Survey and Earth Sciences (ITC) in the Nether- lands will be assigned to BAKOSURTANAL on a half-time basis over the duration of the project to assist in the training of staff and in the implementation of the proposed parallel project. The total amount of technical assistance ANNEX 3 Page z to be provided is sufficient to ensure that both the physical map-production and the resource evaluation institution-building objectives of the project can be achieved within the project period. ANNEX 3 APPENDIX A Page 1 INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT Draft Terms of Reference of Integrated Resource Survey Adviser Employer: Government of Indonesia Duty Station: Jakarta/Cibinong, Indonesia Date Required: August, 1976 Duration: Three years (extendable) Duties: (1) To advise and assist the management of BAKOSURTANAL in the reorganization of the agency; (2) To advise and assist BAKOSURTANAL in the selection of other technical assistance advisers and the coordination of their activities; (3) To advise and assist BAKOSURTANAL's Deputy for Integrated Resource Evaluation in the planning, organization, execution, and supervision of multidisciplinary regional resource surveys; (4) To assist the said Deputy in the analysis of data derived from integrated resource surveys and other sources, including remote sensor imagery and aerial photography; and (5) To assist in the training of counterparts. Qualifications: At least 10 years experience in development-oriented integrated resource survey work, including at least 5 years in tropical regions. Academic background should include training in one or more of the earth sciences, geography, or agriculture. Experience, measured in terms of extent, level, and quality, is a more important prerequisite for this position than academic background. Language: English. Ability to communicate in Indonesian would be desirable. ANNEX 3 APPENDIX A Page 2 INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT Draft Terms of Reference of Adviser in Imagery Analysis Employer: Government of Indonesia Duty Station: Cibinong Date Required: July, 1977 Duration: Two years Duties: (1) To assist in the establishment and subsequent operation of a remote sensing laboratory; and (2) To assist the Deputy for Integrated Resource Survey in all phases of work related to inter- pretation of imagery, including the training of staff in the techniques of imagery analysis. Qualifications: Experience in digital and non-digital imagery analysis and interpretation, as well as in ground truth data collection. Experience in systems analysis for the organization of integrated remote sensing projects would be considered an asset. The adviser should have an academic background in one of the earth sciences, geography, agriculture, or forestry. Language: English. ANNEX 3 APPENDIX A Page 3 INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT Draft Terms of Reference for Expert in Cartography, Color Separation, and Printing Employer: Government of Indonesia Duty Station: Jakarta/Cibinong, Indonesia Date Required: December, 1976 Duration: Two years Duties: (1) To assist in the procurement and installation of major items of cartographic, photographic, and printing equipment in BAKOSURTANAL's new headquarters; (2) To assist in the operation and management of the cartographic and printing shops and in the fulfillment of project-related work schedules; and (3) To assist in the training of cartographic and printing technicians as required. Qualifications: The expert should be experienced in the printing field with special emphasis on cartographic repro- duction and color separation. Facility in the repair as well as the operation of printing equip- ment would be most desirable. An academic background in the field of cartography would be preferable. Language: English. Ability to communicate in Indonesian would be considered an asset. ANNEX 3 APPENDIX A Page 4 INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT Draft Terms of Reference for Orthophoto Production Adviser Employer: Government of Indonesia Duty Station: Cibinong Date Required: January, 1978 Duration: One year Duties: (1) To assist in the installation of map production equipment and in the establishment of an effi- cient orthophoto map production system; (2) To assist in the management of the orthophoto map production system to insure that the plani- metric base-mapping program remains on sched- ule; and (3) To train staff members and technicians in or- thophoto map production processes as required. Qualifications: A degree in photogrammetry would be desirable. Expe- rience in orthophoto mapping operations, acquaintance with the latest developments in orthophoto techniques and equipment, and a good grounding in the planning of aerial photographic operations are essential. Language: English. ANNEX 3 APPENDIX A Page 5 INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT Draft Terms of Reference for Aeronautical Charting Adviser Employer:: Government of Indonesia Duty Station: Jakarta/Cibinong Date Required: August, 1977 Duration: One year Duties: (1) To advise and assist the management of BAKOSURTANAL in organizing and establishing a Program of aeronautical charting in the agency; and (2) To assist the Deputy for Special Maps and Charts in the operational work of aeronautical charting to be carried on under the program mentioned above, including the training of staff in charting techniques. Qualifications: A strong cartographic background is required, as well as a close acquaintance with the standard regulations of aeronautical charting and at least five years experience in the civil aviation field. Language: English. ANNEX 3 APPENDIX A Page 6 INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT Draft Terms of Reference for Data Handling Specialist Employer: Government of Indonesia Duty Station: Cibinong Date Required: January, 1978 Duration: One year Duties: (1) To assist the Deputy for Systems Management in establishing procedures for acquisition, cata- loguing, processing, and circulation of all forms of materials bearing on Indonesia's re- source endowment and physical geography; (2) To assist in the establishment of a computerized resource data handling and retrieval system; and (3) To assist BAKOSURTANAL management in planning the physical layout of the library and data processing units in the headquarters building to be constructed under the project. Qualifications: A strong background in library science and computer- ized data processing, storage, and retrieval is essential. Experience in the management of tech- nical or scientific libraries would be desirable. Experience in computer programming and operation would also be advantageous. Language: English. Ability to read Indonesian would be an important asset. ANNEX 4 Page 1 INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT Training 1. BAKOSURTANAL currently employs 45 staff, including 21 profession- als and 13 technicians below the deputy level (Table 1). To effectively carry out its coordination functions and to fulfill operational responsi- bilities related to the project, staffing and training programs would have to be substantially expanded. The proposed manpower plan presented in Table 1 indicates that by the completion of the project a total of about 220 staff, including about 90 professionals, would be required. About 50% of the staff would be engaged in geodetic survey, photogrammetric plotting, and chart and map production and reproduction. Staffing requirements would be unlikely to diminish after completion of the national 1:50,000 base-map series, because of the need for continuous updating, for addition of contour lines to the planimetric base, and for subsequent production of larger-scale base-maps (e.g., 1:25,000) for more developed regions. 2. Staff will be recruited from the ranks of local university and technical school graduates and military officers retiring from the tech- nical mapping services. These new personnel, like many of BAKOSURTANAL's present staff, are likely to have a good background in the fundamentals of map production technology and resource evaluation but are unlikely to have been exposed to the more specialized aspects of these fields and recently developed techniques and equipment. A substantial amount of both local and overseas training of existing and newly recruited staff is thus pro- vided in the project, in addition to the opportunities offered by available bilateraL training programs. In view of the amount of training to be per- formed, a permanent training officer would be appointed to BAKOSURTANAL's staff to coordinate training programs and to ensure that effective use is made of available fellowships and training programs. 3. The project would finance the foreign exchange costs of 49 man- years of overseas training and 111 man-years of local training. The esti- mated breakdown of this training program by field is presented in Table 2. Overseas training would be performed in such institutions as the Universi- ties of New Brunswick and Saskatchewan (Canada), the Magnavox Research Laboratory (USA), the National Mapping Institute (Australia), and the International Institute for Aerial Survey and Earth Sciences (ITC) in the Netherlands. ANNEX 4 Page 2 4. Local training 1/ would be performed at Gadjah Mada University (earth sciences, imagery interpretation, thematic cartography), Institut Teknologi Bandung (geodesy, photogrammetry, cartography), the Academy of Instrumentation (electronic equipment maintenance), and BAKOSURTANAL, as well as at other local universities and research institutes as required. An important new program to train photogrammetric and cartographic tech- nicians administered by BAKOSURTANAL has recently commenced on the Bandung campus with substantial assistance from ITC (Netherlands). This program would be expanded to ensure that BAKOSURTANAL's skilled manpower require- ments would be met. 5. The advisers to be provided under the project would be responsible for on-the-job training of counterpart staff. Considerable care would be exercised both in preparing the terms of reference of the advisers and later supervision of their work to ensure maximum transfer of expertise to local counterparts. 1/ Estimates of the needs and capabilities for local training are based in part on a report prepared by Mr. A. A. Machrany under the guidance of Mrs. Sudiarti Luhulima, staff members of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI). ANNEX 4 Table 1 Page INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT BAKOSURTANAL Manpower Plan / (Staff Below Deputy Level) / June June June June June June Section 1975 (Actual) 1976 1977 1978 1979 1280 Geodesy: Professional J 5 5 5 6 6 6 Technician 4 4 6 7 7 7 Photogrammetry: Professional .3 3 4 6 8 8 Technician 0 4 10 14 16 25 Cartographic Reproduction: Professional 1 2 4 8 10 10 Technician 3 6 12 25 31 31 Charting: Professional. 5 5 5 6 7 8 Technician 6 8 10 12 12 12 Remote Sensing Data Analysis: Professional - 9 13 15 15 15 Technician - 2 2 2 2 2 Natural Resources: Professional 1 4 6 8 10 10 Technician - 2 3 4 4 4 Socio-economic Resources: Professional 2 4 4 6 6 6 Technician - 1 2 4 4 4 Thematic Cartography: Professional 2 5 7 11 14 14 Technician - 4 6 10 18 22 Systems Management: Professional 2 4 5 6 6 6 Technician - 1 5 6 8 10 Table 1 Page 2 June June June June June June 1975 (Actual) 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Computer Services: Professional - 1 2 2 2 2 Technician - -5 5 5 5 Workshop: Professional - 1 2 3 5 5 Technician - 2 2 5 6 8 Total Professional 21 43 57 77 89 90 Total Technician 13 34 63 94 113 130 Total Staff 34 77 120 _171 202 220 2/ These figures were prepared for estimating purposes and may be changed during implementation depending on rates of implementation of various components and skills of recruited staff. 2/ Excludes secretaries and personal assistants of chairman and deputies. 3/ Includes persons graduating from the 3-year Baccalaureat engineering ccurses and 5-year Dok'torandus (M.A.) courses offered1 by various Indonesian universities. ANNEX 4 Table 2 INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT Training Schedule lJ Fields 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Total ------------------ an-years)----------------- Geodesy: Overseas Training - - 1 1 1 3 Local Training - - - - - - Photogrammetry: Overseas: Training - 2 1 1 1 5 Local Training 3 6 4 3 9 25 Cartographic Reproduction: Overseas Training -1 1 1i½ 1 4 Local Training 3 6 13 6 - 28 Cartography and Charting: Overseas Training 1 1 1 1 4½5 Local Training 6 4 6 7 4 27 Earth Sciences, Social Sciences and Imagery Interpretation: Overseas Training 1 4 5 41½ 5 192 Local Training 3 4 4 3 2 16 Computer Sciences and Systems Management: Overseas Training - 1 2 3 2 8 Local Training - - 3 3 1 7 Electronics, Optical and Mechanical DEigineering: Overseas Training - 1 2 1 1 5 Local Training 2 3 1 2 8 Total Overseas Training 2 9 13 13 12 49 J Total Local Training 15 22 33 23 18 111 1/ This table was prepared for estimating purposes; the schedule may be changed during implementation. 2 This is in addition to 5 man-years of training in photogrammetry and 414 years in cartography provided through Netherlands Government fellowships at the ITC in Ehschede. ANNEX 5 Page 1 INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT Cost Estimates 1. Cost estimates for the IBRD components were prepared by prepara- tion missions in July 1973 and March 1974. During the appraisal mission in October/November 1974 the estimates were reviewed, adjusted, and updated to end-1974 levels. These estimates were later updated to January 1976 levels by using various multiplier factors, including 1.18 for the cartographic equipment itemized in the various equipment lists (Tables 7-11), 1.28 for building and facilities (Table 2), and 1.35 for large-scale aerial photo- graphy (Table 4). 2. Cost estimates for the Part II components were prepared by various CIDA preparation missions, and were discussed and reviewed with Bank mission members at various stages in the preparation process. In addition, independent estimates for those components were prepared by consultants participating in the Bank missions. The high foreign-cost elements of the Part II components are appropriate for implementation through bilateral assistance programs. 3. Physical contingencies of 15% have been included for all project components, excluding technical assistance. For this component, a reserve provision for 24 man-months of specialists' services has been included in the base-cost estimate. 4. Expected price increases for equipment of 10% in 1976, 8% in 1977-79, and 7Z in 1980 have been allowed for. For all other items the assumed increase is 14% in 1976, 12% in 1977-79, and 10% in 1980. These percentages are based on Bank guidelines of December 27, 1974, and are in general agreement with the estimates of the country economists. The same rates were used for both foreign and local costs. ANNEX 5 Page 2 Cost Estimate Tables Table 1 Cost Estimates (summary) Table 2 Building and Facilities Table 3 Remote Sensor Imagery Table 4 Large-Scale Aerial Photography Table 5 Training Appendix Equipment List Table 6 Equipment List: Summary Table 7 Printing Equipment and Materials Table 8 Imagery Interpretation and Training Equipment Table 9 Data Bank Table 10 Cartographic Equipment Table 11 Photogrammetric Equipment and Materials INDONESIA NATIONAL RESO'JRCE SURVEY AND NAPPING PROJECT Cost Estimates (January 1976 prices) % Foreign % of Local Foreign Total Local Foreign Total Exchange Total - upiah mallion--- =:US million A) Part I Components: Building and Facilities 380 300 680 ,0.9 0.7 1.6 44 4 Equipment and gaterials 400 1,110 1,510 1.0 2.7 3.7 74 8 Remote Sensor Imagery - 120 120 - 0.3 0.3 100 1 Large-Scale Aerial Photography 560 710 1,270 1.4 1.7 3.1 56 7 Technical Services 460 450 910 1.1 1.1 2.2 49 5 Technical Assistance 40 380 420 0.1 0.9 1.0 90 2 Training 70 260 330 0.2 o.6 0.8 79 2 Regional Resource Surveys 920 170 1,100 2.2 o.4 2.6 15 5 Administration and Overheads 510 80 590 1.2 0.2 1.4 14 3 Base Cost Estimate 3,340 3,580 6,920 8.1 8.6 16.7 52 37 Physical Contingencies 490 480 970 1.2 1.1 2.3 49 5 Expected Price Increases 1,540 1,380 2,920 3.7 3.3 7.0 47 15 Sub-Total 5,370 5,440 10,810 13.0 13.0 26.0 50 57 B) Part II Components: Small-Scale Aerial Photography 70 2,960 3,030 0.2 7.1 7.3 98 16 Geodetic Control 100 1,660 1,760 0.2 4.o 4.2 94 9 Aerial Triangulation - 120 120 - 0.3 0.3 100 1 Technical Assistance 30 130 160 0.1 0.3 0.4 81 1 Training - 210 210 - 0.5 0.5 100 1 Base Cost Estimate 200 5,080 5,280 0.5 12.2 12.7 96 28 physical Contingencies 30 770 800 0.1 1.9 2.0 96 4 Expected Price Increases 90 2,110 2,200 0.2. 5.1 5.3 96 11 Sub-Total 320 7,960 8,280 0.8 19.2 20.0 96 43 Total Project Cost 5,690 13,400 19,090 13.8 32.2 46.0 70 100 ANNEX 5 Table 2 INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJBT Cost Estimates : Building and Facilities % Foreign Local Foreign Total Cost A. PHYSICAL WORKS Construction, @ $275/m2 x 4,000 m2 66o,ooo 440,o0o 1,100,000 40 Air-conditioning equipment and installation 31,000 179,000 210,000 85 Electrical connections, trans- formers, and reserve generator 20,000 90,000 110,000 82 Other utilities and site improvements 47,000 23,000 70,000 33 Total: Physical Works 758,000 732,000 1,490,000 49 B. DESIGN AND SUPERVISION Design, @ 5% of total costs- 82,000 -- 82,000 0 Site supervision, ' 4% of total coststi 65,ooo -- 65,ooo 0 Total: Design and Supervision 147,000 147,000 0 Total Costs: Building & Facilities 905,000 732,000 1,637,000 45 1/ These rates conform to standards issued by BAPPENAS and the Department of Finance for building complexes costing over US$500,000 equivalent. INDONEIA NATIONAL RES9URCE SURVE ANiD NAPPING PROJECT Cost Bstitst Reomt Senor Imaery Us $ Imagery - 440 ERTS , n (on tape) * $250/miag.' 3l109000 Analysis - 0 hours of couater analysis of ERTS imAge tapes, 6 $300/hour 132,000 Film - For prodation of individual positive images from iagery tapes Total 272,000 1/ Full coverage of Indonesia can be obtained from 220 images. The project would provide for complete coverage um6or both wet and dry seson conditions. kact timln of imagery acquisition would depend on the degree of cloud covw during sccessive orbits. ANNEX 5 Table 4 INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT Estimate Build-up for Large-Scale Aerial Photography Cost Photo per 1cm2 Coverage Amount Scale (US$) _(km2) (US$) Aeronautical Charting a. To produce 1:10,000 scale aerodrome obstruction charts for 40 airfields, 7.5 km radius fo:r each site 1:25,000 17 7,200 122,000 b. To produce 1:25,000 scale approach charts for 4 airfields, 20 km radius fo:r each site 1:40,000 11 5,100 56,ooo Regional Resource Surveys To provide materials for detailed 1:10,000 75 2,500 188,000 and semi-detailed resource evaluation 1:20,000 22 7,000 154,000 and for production of thematic 1:30,000 14 15,000 210,000 maps at various scales 1:40,000 11 25,000 275,000 1:50,000 9 230,000 2,070,000 Total 291,800 3,075,000 Note: The above were used for estimating purposes and may be modified by G0I at project implementation. ANNEX 5 Table 5 INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAEPING PROJECT Cost Estimates TrAnian;#/ A. Total Coats: Man- Cost/Nan-!ear Total Cost % Foreign Foreign Years US$ US$ Exchange Cost US$ Overseas Training 49 12,000 588,OOO 100 588,ooo Local Training 111 1,800 200,000 20 4o,ooo Total 788,000 80 628,000 B. Schedule: -________________---Y E A R-_______________ 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 …----------------------- ul _----…-------------------------- Overseas Training 24,000 108,000 156,000 156,000 144,000 Looal Training 27,000 40,000 60,000 41,000 32,000 Total 51,000 148,000 216,000 197,000 176,000 1/ Based on Annex 4, Table 2. ANNEX 5 APPENDIX INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT Equipment List 1. The following lists of equipment to be purchased by BAKOSURTANAL under the project have been prepared for estimation purposes, and are pre- sented only as a guide to future procurement. Equipment requirements have been grouped into various categories which correspond both to distinct work processes and to the various workshops to be set up in the headquarters complex to be constructed under the project. 2. Estimates for printing and photogrammetric materials are based on projected base-mapping, charting, thematic mapping, and resource eval- uation requirements. 3. Costs for imported equipment have been estimated on a cif basis. ANNEX 5 Table 6 INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT Equi1pment List : Suamwry Category Local Foreign Total ___ ____ --US$------- 1. Office Farniture 125,000 25,000 150,000 2. Printing Equipment and Materials (Table 7) 525,000 525,000 3. Imagery Interpretation Laboratory (Table 8) 10,000 700,000 710)000 4. Data Bank (Table 9) 25,0o0 135,000 160,000 5. Cartographic Equipment (Table 10) 3,000 92,000 95,000 6. Photogrammetric Equipment and Materials (Table 11) 20,000 1,180,000 1,200,000 183,000 2,657,000 2,840,000 Local Handling, Transport, and Import Charges 820000 820, 1,003,000 2,657,000 3,660,000 ANNEX 5 Table 7 INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT Equipment List: Printing Equipment and Materials Equipment US $ 1. Rotary Press (4-color offset) 142,000 2. Photocomposer Diatype 11,000 3. Printing Down Frame (Xenon Light) 12,000 4. Platemaker 9 000 5. Paper Cutter 9,000 6. Developing Unit 6,000 7. Drum-type Dryer 5,00 8. Stitching Machine 2,000 9. Densitometer 10ooo 10. Layout Table 2,000 11. Scribing Rings 1,000 12. Miscellaneous Equipment 10,000 210,000 Materials 1. Retarding Brushes and Ink, Stripping Film, Scribecote, etc. 115,000 2. Paper, Printing Ink, Film, Developer Chemicals, and Plates 200,000 Total 525,000 ANNEXt e Table s INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT Equipment List: Imagery Interpretation and Training Equipment Item Quantity US $ 1. Imagery Interpretation Instrument - 1 65D,003 2. Mirror Stereoscope 5 4i,ooo 3. Transfer Scope, with Table 2 13,000 4. Diazo Reprodaction System 1 5,000 5. Stereo/Mono Microscope 1 6,000 6. Photointerpretation Field Eit 12 2,000 7. Pocket Stereoscope 3 1,000 8. Projector 1 5,000 9. Light Table 5,000 10. Layout Table 3 1,000 U:. Flat Map File 3 1,000 12. Small Vertical File 4 1,000 13. Cabinet 10 1,000 14. Miscellaneous Equipment 15,000 Total 710,000 1/ A standard maintenance contract is included in the purchase price of this item. ANNE 5 Table 9 INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT Equipment list : Data Bank Item Quantity US $ 1. String Digitizer 3 45,000 2. Matrix Plotter 1 25,000 3. Cabinets 15 2,000 4. Flat Map File 40 36,000 5. Tube Map File 15 2,000 6. Vertical File 20 18,000 7. Light Table 5 7,000 8. Mirror Stereoscope 1 1,000 9. Fhrniture L.S. 20,000 10. Miscellaneous Equipment 4,000 Total 160,000 NN EX 5 Ta'" e D INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT Equipment List: Cartographic Ecquipment Item Quantity Us $ 1. Large Cartographic Process Camera 1 68,ooc0 2, Photocomposer 1 3,000 3. Transparency Copy Machine 1 1,000 4. Diazo Copier 1 5O0 5. Dry Mount Press 1 1,00o 6. Wax Coater 1 500 7. Camera 1 500 8. Drafting Table 8 5,000 9. Light Table 10 7,000 10. Scribing Set 20 1,000 11. Supply Cabinet 6 1J,00 12. Meter Bar 4 1$00 13. Miscellaneous Sanll Hand Instruments L.S. __ Total 95,o0)0 ANNEX 5 Table 11 Page 1 INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE MJRVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT Ewlipment List : Photogrammetric Equipment and Materials Equipment US-$ A. AERIAL TRIANGULATION 1. Stereocomparator with standard accessories and cornputer software .................one 70,000 2. Point Transfer Device ..........***..... one . 13,500 83,500 B. ORTHOPHOTO SYSTEM 1. B8S Aviograph, with modification for use with Orthophoto projection unit, incl. scanning system, coordinate pick-up and triaxis locator plus tape recorder and interface for tape recorder .......,. ,.four 272,800 2. Orthophoto projection unit for off-line system, with tape reader plus formatters and interface for tape reader..........one 132,700 405,500 C. DATA LOGGING AND PROCESSING 1. AK computer ...........................one i I 130,000 2. Tape recorders ................one § 3. Tape reader .......... ** ...... .0Done 4. Mini-computer (24 x model) ............. one i 150,000 5. Flatbed. plotter ........................ one 280,000 ANNEX 5 Table 11 Page 2 Equipment US$ D. PHOTO PROCESSING 1. Log Printer ......................... ..two 46,ooo 2. Versamate Processor .. ...one 28,000 3. Densitometer (transmission & reflectance).... ........one 2,000 4. Analytical Balance.....................one 2,000 5. Contact printer ..................,,,,one 10,000 6. Automatic film processor ... o.... ......one 5,000 7. Drumtype dryer ..................oe. 5.,000 ________ 98,000 E. MISCELLANEOUS INSTRUMENTS (Optical pantographs, mirror stereoscopes etc.) 46,ooo 46,000 F. MATERIALS (Diapositive plates, miscellaneous photo- grammetric materials) 287,000 287,000 1,200,000 ANNEX 6 Page 1 INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT Proposed Allocation of Proceeds of Loan Costs Proposed Category Total 1/ Foreign Loan2/ (S------( $ million)------------ I. Building Construction 1.9 0.9 Design and Supervision 0.2 - Sub-Total 2.1 0.9 Disbursements will be 65% of construction cost 1.2 II. Equipment and Imagery Equipment 4.8 3.5 Remote Sensor Imagery o.4 o.4 Sub-Total 5.2 3.9 Disbursements will be 100% of foreign expenditures, 95% of local expenditures ex-factory, or 65% of imported items procured locally 3.9 III. Large-Scale Aerial Photography 4.9 2.6 Disbursements will be 55% of total expenditures 2.6 IV. Technical Assistance and Training Technical Assistance 1.3 1.2 Training 1.2 0.8 Sub-Total 2.5 2.0 Disbursements will be 100% of foreign expenditures 2.0 V. Technical Services 3.0 1.5 Disbursements will be 50% of total expenditures 1.5 ANNEX 6 Page 2 Costs Proposed Total 1/ Foreign Loan2/ -----(us$ million)- VI. Unallocated3/ Physical Contingencies 2.3 2.1 1.8 (Administration & Overheads)3/ 2.2 - (Regional Resource Sarveys)j/ 3.8 TOTAL 26.0 13.0 13.0 1/ Expected price increases have been included in each cost category total as follows: Category I, US$0.5 million; Category II, US$1.2 million; Category III, US$1.8 million; Category IV, US$0.7 million; Category V, us$0.8 million; Category VI, US$2.0 million. 2/ Discrepancies in allocations between this table and Schedule 1 of the Loan Agreement will be rectified during project implementation. 3/ The foreign exchange costs of Administration and Overheads (US$0.3 million) and Regional Resource Surveys (US$0.7 million), against which disbursements would not be made, have been included in the foreign cost figure for physical contingencies. ANNEX 7 Table 1 INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT Schedules of Expenditures and Disbursements A. Schedule of Expenditures Total ItenrI/ 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 Cost ----------------(US$ million)------------- I. Part I Components Building & Facilities 0.3 1.1 0.5 - - - 1.9 Equipment & Materials 0.2 1.2 1.5 1.0 0.4 - 4.3 Remote Sensor Imagery - 0.1 0.1 0.1 - - 0.3 Large-Scale Aerial Photography 0.1 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.9 - 3.5 Technical Services 0.2 1.2 o.6 0.3 0.2 - 2.5 Technical Assistance - 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 - 1.0 Training 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 - 0.9 Regional Resource Surveys 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.4 3.0 Administration & Overheads 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.1 1.6 Base Cost Estimate 1.2 5.2 5.0 3.9 3.2 0.5 19.0 Expected Price Increases 0.1 1.0 1.6 1.8 2.1 0.4 7.0 Total 1.3 6.2 6.6 5.7 5.3 0.9 26.0 II. Part II Components Small-Scale Aerial Photography - 0.3 2.3 3.5 2.3 - 8.4 Geodetic Control - 0.2 1.7 2.4 0.6 - 4.9 Aerial Triangulation - - - 0.2 0.2 - 0.4 Technical Assistance - 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 - o.4 Training - 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 - o.6 Base Cost Estimate - 0.7 4.3 6.4 3.3 - 114.7 Excpected Price Increases - 0.1 1.0 2.4 1.8 - 5.3 Total - 0.8 5.3 8.8 5.1 - 20.0 1/ Physical contingencies of 15% included in all items except for the Part I technical assistance component. ANNEX 7 Table 2 INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOUJRCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT B. Estimated Schedule of Disbursements IBRD Fiscal Year Accumulated Disbursements and Semester US$ Million Equivalent 1977 1st 2nd 0.3 1978 1st- 1.5 2nd 3.2 1979 lst 5.3 2nd 7.9 1980 1st 9.5 2nd 10.8 1981 1st 12.1 2nd 12.9 1982 1st 13.0 ANNEX 8 Page 1 INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT Implementation Schedule Building and Facilities 1. Formal engagement of an architecture firm which would be respon- sible for design of the new BAKOSURTANAL headquarters and site supervision during construction would take place shortly after Loan signing, or about April, 1976. Completion of the design work and the preparation of tender documents suitable for international competitive bidding, the costs of which would be borne by GOI, would occur about August, 1976. The contract would then be awarded about September, 1976, enabling construction to commence in October or November of that year. Building construction would be completed by the end of 1978, although it is anticipated that the agency would be able to occupy the new facilities before that date since the complex will cons4st of four separate blocks, only two of which would be required to house agency operations during the first few years. Equipment and Materials 2. Procurement of equipment and materials (including remote sensor imagery) would begin shortly after Loan signing, about March, 1976, as there is often a lag of between 12 and 18 months between ordering and delivery for these items. Thus although installation of small, off-the-shelf items (e.g., small stereoscopes for aerial photography interpretation, map files, etc.) in BAKOSURTANAL's present quarters 1/ would begin in May, 1976, large directly imported items (e.g., printing press, imagery interpretation instrument, process camera, plotters) would not begin to be delivered until early 1977, with most of the equipment arriving in 1977 and 1978. Large-Scale Aerial Photography 3. Aerial photography is usually tendered on the basis of flight plans expressed in terms of line distances. BAKOSURTANAL would begin to design detailed flight plans for photography to assist resource survey and charting operations in early 1976, with tender documents for the first contract complete by July, 1976. The volume of large-scale photography would increase substantially during 1977, when requirements for resource surveys and chart 1/ These small items would be moved to the new facilities when feasible. ANNEX 8 Page 2 prociuction would reach rather high levels. The precise scheduling of large- scale photography will to some degree depend on the installation of equip- ment (paras 6 and 7) required to convert the photography into maps and charts. Technical Assistance and Training 4. Expected timing of technical assistance services is given in Annex 3, Appendix A. Schedules of manpower requirements and training activities are given in Annex 4. Small-Scale Aerial Photography 5. The Australian photography operations in Sumatera are now sub- stantially complete, although coverage of small areas may continue through 1976. It is anticipated that joint Australian/Indonesian geodetic control field teams will begin operations in Irian Jaya in 1976 simulataneously with the commencement of Australian photography of that region, and that basic survey operations would be completed in 1979. For the remainder of the country, small-scale aerial photography operations under Part II of the project would begin by June, 1978 at the latest, although operations could begin in mid-1976 if the current negotiations between Canada and Indonesia proceed on schedule. When arrangements for financing this component are finalized, but no later than June, 1977, BAKOSURTANAL would begin to design detailed flight plans and the preparation of tender documents, with this phase expected to be complete within a four-month period. Part II aerial photography operations would begin in Kalimantan, the region where coverage is most urgently required excluding those covered under the Australian assistance program. Mapping and Resource Survey Operations 6. Base-map_ production. Although base-map production is dependent on small-scale aerial photography and geodetic control, the rate of implementa- tion of the Part II operations is not expected to affect the starting date for map production. The reason for this is that aerial photography and geodetic control work for specific areas can be completed in a matter of months, while no maps can be produced until a complete system of equipment is procured and installed. Thus the starting date for BAKOSURTANAL base-map production will depend on two factors: (a) The progress of construction of BAKOSURTAAIAL headquarters (para 1), and (b) The delivery dates of photogrammetric, cartographic and printing equipment (para 2). 7. Since the ongoing Australian photography operations are expected to continue through 1979, a backlog of about two years worth of aerial photography would be ready for processing by the time the new facilities are complete. This allows for considerable slippage of the Part II components ANNEX 8 Page 3 with no adverse effect on the scheduled starting date of map production. To accelerate the production operations, contract map production by survey firms has been included in Part I of the project. In addition, BAKOSURTANAL's procurement efforts immediately after Loan signing would be concentrated on the acquisition of photogrammetric equipment, since plotting and rectification of aerial photography precede reproduction and printing operations in the map production process. Thus photogrammetric processing of small-scale photography by BAKOSURTANAL could begin as early as July, 1977 1/ with the output of finished maps and charts commencing by September, 1978 at the latest. 8. Regional resource surveys. Regional resource surveys would begin in early 1976 after final consultation with BAPPENAS on priority regions and sectoral emphasis. 1/ Processing of thematic maps and charts based on large-scale photography could begin simultaneously. INDONESIA NATIONAL RESOURCE SURVEY AND MAPPING PROJECT Implementation Schedule 1976 1977 1978 1979 - 1980 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l. BUILDING AND FACILITIES: DESIGN TENDERING CONSTRUCTION U, z EQUIPMENT: w z PROCUREMENT 0 0L INSTALLATION 0 _ REMOTE SENSOR IMAGERY (Procurement) Er AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY (Large Scale) TECHNICAL SERVICES TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRAINING F,, AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY (1:100,000 scale) = w GEODETIC CONTROL -z 1 z AERIAL TRIANGULATION o TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE BASE-MAP PRODUCTION: Z uz CONTRACT zc < G BAKOSURTANAL Z ° W u CHART PRODUCTION ~TH4AfLAND 1* 1311' d55 vio-I 51DZ"6a"B ; ' w, ' ' , ' \ pH p ,/PHPN INDONESIA 0 sMt j 01 t D I B TST S W C S : - -- IT TT:TNAIIONAL FOUNTJARI jS~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~tITkNAIOAL OV(5AI~ rr 12 dc 0 , 14~t CAn Se BR NE M m lrd *§nl CII OR 03 5 i 4 i\ 44 2 _ t 0 X ;- 184;4 qiv C (\r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~X ; '\ $ '; i~~~~~~ 1 IER 5' : -. - 1111 I OI 1011 . :E- 15 M.Md.,~~~~~~~~~~~55 9 WE5T SUMAtfRAGA P f3 QRv . .; / n a ,'a ALMAC7 15 e , /7 SVMtA:RRup POt J , C'RMO O IYO ios 3Di /c Ocean4 srsA50A| 0rreaD A1I0A T A N 2/1 SOltF 22 i -- 1 joy-, .. . ,\ t YEPA * I SIJLAWESI '.2t-. 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