88769 DISCUSSION PAPER NO. 1401 Social Assistance and Labor Market Programs in Latin America Methodology and Key Findings from the Social Protection Database Paula Cerutti, Anna Fruttero, Margaret Grosh, Silvana Kostenbaum, Maria Laura Oliveri, Claudia Rodriguez-Alas and Victoria Strokova June 2014 Social Assistance and Labor Market Programs in Latin America: Methodology and Key Findings from the Social Protection Database Paula Cerutti Anna Fruttero Margaret Grosh Silvana Kostenbaum Maria Laura Oliveri Claudia Rodriguez-Alas Victoria Strokova June 2014 Keywords: transfers, social assistance, social protection, labor markets, redistribution. JEL Classification: D31, H55, I31, I38 The LAC SP Database is ever evolving as data are further cleaned and more are added. Data used in this paper are current as of 01/09/2014. The findings, interpretations and conclusion expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. 1 Acknowledgements This work relied on the efforts of several consultants and the support from colleagues in the Latin American and Caribbean Social Protection team, as well as other teams in the World Bank. It was completed under the guidance of first Helena Ribe and then Mansoora Rashid as Latin America Social Protection Sector Managers. Among our World Bank colleagues, we are particularly thankful to Pablo Acosta, Ignacio Apella, Tomas Damerau, María Inés Ferres, Theresa Jones, Kathy Lindert, Phillippe George Leite, Alessandra Marini, Nelson Gutierrez, Ana Maria Oviedo, Gonzalo Reyes, Rafael Rofman, Gabriela da Silva Cunha, Veronica Silva, Maria Concepcion Steta Gandara, Ramya Sundaram, Ruslan Yemtsov and the whole Atlas of Social Protection - Indicators of Resilience and Equity (ASPIRE) team led by Maddalena Honorati. The consultants were: Rubén Castro and Paul Oyaneder (Chile); Francisco Espinosa (Colombia); Vicente Albornoz (Ecuador); Laura Flamand, Sarah Martinez Pellegrini, and Carlos Moreno- Jaimes (Mexico); Silvana Vargas (Peru); Carolina Avalos (El Salvador); and Federico Rodriguez and Gabriel Corbo (Uruguay). Gabriel Esteban Barrientos provided excellent support for document formatting. 2 ABSTRACT How much do countries spend on social protection?1 Do social protection programs cover all poor people? And, how well are they targeted? It is notoriously hard to find comprehensive cross-country data on social protection programs which can help answer such questions and allow to benchmark social protection systems. The World Bank’s Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) Social Protection Database attempts to fill these knowledge gaps by collecting and systematizing data on social protection programs from both administrative sources and household surveys. The data assembled provides a powerful tool to study trends and analyze program performance as well as benchmark countries’ social protection systems. We found both expected and unexpected trends in spending on social protection and coverage of social protection programs across countries. Between 2000 and 2010 expenditure on social assistance nearly tripled. At a program level, conditional cash transfer programs ceased to dominate social assistance spending, with the exception of Mexico, and have come second to social pension spending in Brazil, Uruguay and Chile. Labor market programs remain small and fragmented, but show much more counter-cyclical patterns. 1 Social protection and labor systems, policies, and programs help individuals and societies manage risk and volatility and protect them from poverty and destitution - through instruments that improve resilience, equity, and opportunity (World Bank 2012). 3 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 5 1 Administrative data on expenditure and number of beneficiaries for 10 LAC countries: methods and definitions ........................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Data collection scope, sources and process ...................................................................... 7 1.2 Definition and classification of social protection ........................................................... 11 1.3 Categorization of programs across policy areas ............................................................. 12 1.4 Social assistance classification ....................................................................................... 12 1.5 Labor market program classification.............................................................................. 14 2 Household survey data for 12 LAC countries: methods and definitions .......................... 18 2.1 Scope and sources .......................................................................................................... 18 2.2 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 19 2.3 Data considerations: strengths and limitations of survey data ....................................... 20 2.4 Key indicators generated from the household survey data ............................................ 21 2.5 Categorization of programs by policy areas ................................................................... 22 3 Key findings ............................................................................................................................ 23 3.1 Social assistance ............................................................................................................. 23 3.1.1 Conditional cash transfers ....................................................................................... 30 3.1.2 Social pensions........................................................................................................ 33 3.1.3 School feeding ........................................................................................................ 36 3.1.4 Disability benefits ................................................................................................... 38 3.2 Labor market programs .................................................................................................. 39 3.2.1 Unemployment insurance ....................................................................................... 39 3.2.2 Active labor market programs ................................................................................ 41 4 Statistical Annexes .................................................................................................................. 42 Annex A: List of programs included in administrative database, by program category .......... 42 Annex B: Administrative data selected graphs and tables ........................................................ 64 Annex C: List of sources used to collect program level administrative data by country ....... 152 Annex D: List of social protection programs included in survey questionnaires ................... 190 Annex E: Household survey selected graphs and tables ......................................................... 194 Bibliography .............................................................................................................................. 205 4 Introduction It is very difficult to find cross-country and comparable time series data on expenditure, coverage and targeting of social protection2 (SP) programs in Latin American and the Caribbean countries (LAC) despite the fact that social protection has been a key policy focus of the regions’ governments in recent years. The region has been active in this area: first, there was a wave of conditional cash transfer programs, then social pensions, and more recently a great deal of innovation and expansion in active labor market policies. However, until recently it was not possible to track and analyze the levels and trends in social protection spending by various types of programs. Furthermore, information on coverage of the poor, the generosity, and the incidence of benefits can provide a basis to understand the efforts and accomplishments of social protection in recent years and the remaining challenges. The Social Protection and Labor Unit of the World Bank’s Latin American and Caribbean region has initiated a comprehensive and systematic effort to develop a database on social protection programs. The result of this effort is a new LAC Social Protection Database that includes two types of information: 1. Information on expenditure and number of beneficiaries drawn from administrative data. This includes information on annual spending amounts on each program and the number of beneficiaries. These quantitative data are complemented by qualitative information on program design features, such as eligibility criteria and targeting mechanism description, relevant laws, and other characteristics, which are instrumental in understanding how these programs operate and achieve their objectives. 2. Estimates based on household survey data of program coverage, targeting and generosity of the subset of programs observed in the survey instrument. Currently, the database includes information on social assistance and labor market programs for the years 2000-2010.3 From administrative sources it provides information on expenditures, the number of beneficiaries and various features of program design, presently for 10 countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay. From household surveys, it provides information on program coverage, targeting, and generosity for 12 countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay. Developing and maintaining databases is a complex task and one that is never finished. The ongoing agenda for the database includes continuing revisions and corrections to the data currently in the database, including the data on contributory pensions, adding new countries and updating the data for countries already in the database. Furthermore, merging the LAC data into 2 Social protection consists of social assistance (social safety nets), such as cash transfers, school feeding and targeted food assistance; social insurance, such as old-age and disability pensions, and labor market programs, such as skills-building programs, job-search and matching programs. It does not include, for instance, health insurance or health care. For more information, refer to Section 1.2. 3 The start year varies by country for administrative data depending on availability of the data. Household survey data dates back to 2008-2010. 5 the nascent global World Bank Atlas of Social Protection Indicators of Resilience and Equity (ASPIRE) database will allow for fuller and richer comparisons to a larger set of countries. This paper documents key methodological aspects of building the database and illustrates the various uses of the data. It has three main purposes: 1. It provides documentation of the sources, methods and procedures used to compile the database, which are essential to understand its strengths and limitations; 2. It presents a large set of graphs and tables in easily quotable form to showcase the information in the database;4 3. It provides a synopsis of some of the key stylized facts emerging from the data. In addition, it offers an analysis of the data collected in this first effort, that looks at regional and country specific trends. The key findings in the area of social assistance and labor market programs are the following:  Spending and coverage of social assistance have increased dramatically during the last decade. Expenditure on social assistance programs has nearly tripled, from about 0.4 percent of GDP in 2000 to 1.2 percent of GDP in 2010. o Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs have expanded, even though coverage gaps remain. There was a sharp increase in both spending and number of beneficiaries of CCT programs, well known as flagship social assistance programs in LAC. These programs are well targeted to the poor, but significant coverage gaps remain in most countries. o Social pensions, less known to the general public, have gained momentum . Brazil, Chile and Uruguay spend more on their non-contributory pensions than on their CCTs. Coverage of social pensions is still relatively low among the elderly and distribution of benefits, while progressive, is less targeted toward the poorest. o Disability programs are on the rise as well. We also find a notable increase in spending and number of beneficiaries of disability programs though at a much smaller scale. o School feeding programs provide wide coverage at a relatively low cost. School feeding programs have been very stable over the years in terms of levels of spending and coverage. They cover the majority of poor children in the region with relatively low program costs.  Spending on labor market programs exhibits counter-cyclical behavior. Spending on labor market programs appears counter-cyclical in most countries, expanding in times of crises. There are some countries, however, where spending is very low (Mexico and Peru, in particular). 4 The administrative data underlying these graphs and tables will subsequently become publicly available through ASPIRE in a way that allows additional analysis, while the results of household survey data are already available at http://datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/ 6 o With few exceptions, active labor market program (ALMP) spending is highly fragmented across a multitude of relatively small scale programs. Among ALMPs notable programs include direct job creation (public works) which played a significant role in Argentina, particularly in response to the crisis in the early 2000s. Other programs in the region remain relatively small in scale and spending. This paper highlights the importance of complementing the analysis of expenditure data with household survey data to account for how this money reaches the intended beneficiaries to the extent possible. The database is an ongoing effort with plans to add new countries and to update and improve the quality of the existing data. There are also plans to incorporate data on pension expenditures. Eventually the administrative data presented in this paper will feed into the World Bank’s new global effort with similar purposes (ASPIRE). The paper consists of four sections. Sections 1 and 2 review the database concepts, definitions and methodologies used in estimating different indicators from administrative and household survey data, respectively. Section 3 presents main findings. Section 4 presents a Statistical Annex containing a set of tables and figures derived from the database. 1 Administrative data on expenditure and number of beneficiaries for 10 LAC countries: methods and definitions 1.1 Data collection scope, sources and process Scope: The goal of the database is to provide annual data on expenditures and number of beneficiaries of social protection programs starting from the year 2000. The main variables included in the database are expenditure, number of beneficiaries and average benefit amount (see Box 1). When one of these variables was not available, we made our own estimation based on the other two. The inventory also contains qualitative information on programs such as: name of the program, agency, starting year, ending year, targeting mechanism, type of transfer (cash, in kind, both), level of government involved, related laws, and source of information. Currently, the database contains information up to 2010 for ten countries in the region: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay. The information for earlier years is missing for some programs. 7 Box 1: Key administrative data indicators available in LAC SP Database The following information is collected or calculated for each program: A. Beneficiaries: - Number (at individual, household or family level) B. Spending: - Spending (percent of Gross Domestic Product) - Spending expressed in Local Currency Unit (LCU) or other currency (e.g., USD/EUR) - Spending (percent of total national government spending) - USD Spending / total population - Spending in real terms - Spending by type of benefit (cash/in kind, targeted or not) Spending indicators may be presented at the program level or aggregated by program category or to the country level. C. Average benefit amount: - This indicator is not collected separately, but calculated on the bases of information collected for A & B above The quantitative indicators are supplemented by information on program design, such as whether a program is targeted and information on targeting method, delivery method (cash or in-kind), frequency of payment and so on. While gathering the information, priority was given to the largest and most prominent programs of each country, especially CCTs, social pensions, family allowances, school feeding programs, unemployment insurance and training programs. As a result, for many countries information on particularly small programs is missing. Other information on the different programs was collected as well to the extent possible, but this information is not always complete for all countries or all categories. The data collection focused on a core set of programs and a moderately narrow definition of social assistance and labor markets programs, which imply that an analysis of governments' effort to protect the most vulnerable will be biased downwards. This is not a matter of conceptual principal, but a practical approach to the data that was reasonably easily collectible and comparable across a large and diverse group of countries and programs. The administrative data does not include social assistance for housing nor subsidized access to healthcare and education, both of which are considered complementary services of social protection programs. It further excludes any water, energy or food price subsidies. For many countries in the region, subsidies represent as much or more than total social assistance program spending,5 but comparable time series data on subsidies is rarely available. Furthermore, microfinance has been excluded 5 The average for the region is 0.6 percent of GDP. Bolivia and Ecuador spend about 5 percent of GDP on subsidies in 2011 (IMF, undated). 8 because it provides loans rather than grants, even though many such programs are targeted at the poor. The LAC SP Database (administrative and household survey data) concentrates on publicly financed social assistance and labor market programs, while mandatory private programs are excluded from the database. It also does not collect information on private transfers from other households, family members living in other household (or abroad) and non-governmental entities, such us religious institution and other non–profit organizations that can be a relevant source of income for some households. The LAC SP Database includes only federal/national government expenditures. Collecting sub- national expenditure would have required significantly more resources and time than were available. As a result, the database likely underestimates the total assistance available to the population, a bias that is particularly important in Argentina, Brazil, and Peru, which have a significant number of social protection programs financed and administered at the regional and local levels. The focus on federal/national expenditures will affect comparisons to a different extent depending on the type of programs. CCTs, social pensions, school feeding and unemployment insurance programs are mostly financed nationally, and, hence, are more comparable. The information draws on various governmental sources and does not include any donor financed and implemented projects or social protection programs financed and implemented by local or international non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Sources: The data sources include national government expenditure data, national government budgetary data, program reports, administrative offices and reports from other national and international agencies. Priority was given to data provided by the institutions managing the programs and national government account information over other sources of information. Administration of social protection programs in LAC is fragmented across numerous governmental institutions, ranging from those under the Ministry of Social Protection and the Ministry of Labor to those under the Ministry of Education, Health, Housing, or other decentralized agencies. As a result, the data collection process was complex. The team looked into all of these institutions to compile an exhaustive list of programs for each country. Reference data are needed to estimate some of the indicators included. Among these, variables such as the gross domestic product (GDP), total national government spending, various population statistics (total population, active population, persons of retirement age, children), and other key demographic and economic variables (average household size, exchange rate, consumer price indices, wages, etc.) have been included in the database. For these we have prioritized the use of the International Monetary Fund’s World Economic Outlook (WEO) databases, whenever possible, as a common source of information to facilitate cross-country comparisons. Process: The Social Protection and Labor Unit of the World Bank’s Latin American and Caribbean region commissioned country-based compilations of administrative data on social protection programs. Initial work was done by local consultants who worked under common terms of reference. The collection process was iterative and supervised by the World Bank team. 9 Consultants handed in several copies of their work and received comments from the team on how to improve the quality, consistency and completeness of the data. There were substantial differences in the quality and quantity of the data collected among the ten countries. Some countries, such as Chile and Peru, offer up-to-date information online on their public expenditure, although sometimes it might be dispersed or difficult to interpret. In other countries, data on expenditures is not available to the public, which made consultants’ efforts to find and access the information more difficult but also more valuable. After individual consultants had submitted their final drafts, the World Bank team did further checking, as the data was integrated into cross-country and cross-program database. During this process questions often arose which prompted further cross-checking, validation and supplementation of the data and often re-categorization of programs. Registries and accounts provided by the consultants, generally from official websites, have been reviewed. Different rounds of discussion with country specialists of the World Bank and country counterparts helped to fill the gaps. Furthermore, the data gathered was cross-checked and sometimes supplemented with available databases from other international organizations, such as the International Labor Organization (ILO)/World Bank Inventory of Crisis Responses, La Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL)’s spending database, CEPAL conditional cash transfers and social pensions databases, and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) social expenditure database (SOCX) for Chile and Mexico. Sometimes differences have been found in the information at the program level depending on which agency is publishing the information. To be consistent, we use the program information from primary sources (such as from the agency administering the program) as the main source and other sources only when information from primary sources was not available, thus always giving priority to official data. Despite our best attempts to validate and correct the data, more in-depth use of the data may reveal further inconsistencies. The authors would very much appreciate if readers and users who detect issues with the data could bring them to their attention.6 6 Paula Maria Cerutti (pcerutti@worldbank.org) and Victoria Strokova (vstrokova@worldbank.org) are the corresponding authors. 10 1.2 Definition and classification of social protection There is no universally accepted definition of the scope of social protection. In this paper we adopt the World Bank’s definition of social protection and labor (SPL) systems, policies, and programs. SPL programs help individuals and societies manage risk and volatility and protect them from poverty and destitution - through instruments that improve resilience, equity, and opportunity (World Bank 2012). Therefore, the LAC Social Protection Database (administrative and household survey data) encompasses a broad scope of social protection including three different major types of programs: social insurance (SI), labor market programs (LMP) and social assistance (SA)7. Social assistance consists of non-contributory programs usually targeted to the poor or vulnerable. Some programs are focused on ameliorating chronic poverty or providing equality of opportunity, others more on protecting families from shocks and longstanding losses they can inflict for the unprotected poor. These programs, which may also be called safety net programs or social welfare, include cash transfers (conditional and unconditional) and in-kind transfers, such as school feeding and targeted food assistance. Labor market programs are comprised of both passive and active labor market programs. Passive labor market programs include contributory unemployment insurance and non– contributory unemployment assistance. Active labor market programs (ALMPs) - or labor activation programs - are designed to promote opportunity through connecting men and women to more productive employment. They empower beneficiaries with new and improved skills, help them find employment, and increase their earning potential through training, apprenticeships, job search assistance, subsidized job placements, and the like. Public works programs provide cash payments to the poor, while increasing physical capital investments. Social insurance is comprised of programs that minimize the negative impact of economic shocks on individuals and families. They include publicly provided or mandated insurance schemes against old age, disability, death of the main household provider, maternity leave and sickness cash benefits, but excluding health insurance or costs of providing health care. Social insurance programs are contributory and beneficiaries receive benefits or services in recognition of contributions to an insurance scheme. While unemployment insurance could be included in the social insurance category, following OECD and Eurostat’s methodology, in the database it has been considered as a passive labor market policy. Similarly, public works (direct job creation) is also considered a labor market program type. While contributory pensions are clearly under the domain of social insurance, non-contributory (social) pensions can be considered as social assistance. In the database, social pensions are classified as social assistance, which is consistent with other regional and global databases.8 77 World Bank (2012) Resilience, equity, and opportunity. The World Bank 2012-2022 social protection and labor strategy. 8 World Bank (2013) Atlas of Social Protection: Indicators of Resilience and Equity (ASPIRE). Enhancing Evidence-Based Social Protection and Labor Programs. Concept Note for Programmatic Work. 11 While social insurance is included in the definition and scope of social protection, the administrative data currently only focuses on social assistance and labor market programs due to data limitations encountered when collecting social insurance data. 9 1.3 Categorization of programs across policy areas The exercise of categorizing social protection programs has proved to be challenging as there is no accepted methodology to aggregate or classify these programs. For the purpose of this paper social protection programs have been categorized by risks or needs covered according to what is more relevant in the LAC regional context. As a result, the classification in the administrative data slightly differs from the classification in the household survey data, as the later has been designed to facilitate cross-country and regional comparisons. A specific example of this is that labor intensive public works programs are classified under labor market programs in the administrative data and under social assistance in the household survey data. Additional challenges arise when classifying programs into subcategories. For example, subcategories of ‘conditional’ and ‘unconditional’ are commonly used and sound quite dichotomous. However, how programs encourage use of social services is in reality more of a continuum. Thus programs might be categorized differently by different analysts or even the same analyst when considering how the program operates at different points in time, or depending on what the program rules suggest and actual practice. Despite these difficulties, a basic classification is needed to present a wide array of programs in a concise way. Some countries have a multitude of programs, e.g., Argentina, Chile, Ecuador and Colombia have more than 25 programs each, and analyzing and presenting this data requires some degree of aggregation. While such aggregation may not suit all analysts’ needs, the underlying data is always collected (to the extent possible) at a program level. Hence programs can be classified in a variety of ways to meet the needs and preferences of researchers, policy analysts and other interested parties. 1.4 Social assistance classification The classification of social assistance programs adopted in LAC SP Database after a series of extensive consultations with World Bank colleagues in and outside of the region,10 World Bank and other international organizations’ classifications, is as follows (Figure 1): 1. Conditional cash transfers (CCT) are periodic monetary benefits to poor households that require beneficiaries to comply with specific behavioral requirements related to 9 While an attempt has been made to collect social insurance data, during the cross-checking and validation stage, these data was not found sufficiently reliable for further analysis. Future plans include incorporating pension data into the administrative data based mainly on existing data collection efforts by pension specialists in the World Bank. The household survey data includes social insurance programs when available in the surveys. 10 For example, classification was extensively discussed with specialists of the Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region of the World Bank that developed a similar database. While classifications across regions are not identical, data can be harmonized across more comparable categories. 12 encouraging investments in human capital (school attendance, immunizations and health check-ups, etc.).11 2. Social pensions are periodic cash transfers to the elderly outside or supplemental to the contributory pension system. A distinctive feature of social pensions is that the eligibility criteria do not include a history of earmarked contributions having been made by the individual or his/her employer (Palacios and Sluchynsky, 2006). Hence, they are classified in the database under social assistance. 3. Family allowances and child benefits. Family allowances are periodic monetary benefits to supplement incomes of families with children outside or supplemental to the contributory system. These include very different provisions, from birth grants to supplements for adult dependents.12 Child benefits are non-contributory cash transfers or any in-kind benefits specifically targeted to children, such as child care, including orphan and foster family allowances. 4. Disability benefits are non-contributory cash transfers and any in-kind benefits targeted at the disabled, except costs of health care for treatment of the disabled.13 5. School feeding programs provide quantity rations, in-kind supplemental food, or school meals. 6. Other social assistance programs are a group of benefits which do not qualify under any of the above categories. These are usually smaller programs in terms of spending and/or number of beneficiaries or less common across countries and include:  Other food programs include all programs that provide food outside educational establishments including food stamps, food stamps for selected groups of population such as young children or pregnant women, emergency food distribution, food bags and/or water bottles distribution, and seeds for home vegetable gardens, among others.  Funeral allowances are programs that provide a lump-sum benefit to families of the deceased to help cover funeral expenses.  Education benefits include school fees and tuition waivers, scholarships and other benefit that are intended to improve education access. 11 This paper will include under CCT any cash transfer programs that has a conditionality component in its operation manual, even if it is weakly conditioned or weakly enforced. 12 Conditional Cash Transfers are not included. Although sometimes similar, Family Allowance transfers differ from CCT since they are not conditional on pre-established behavioral requirements. 13 An example of the former is Ecuador’s Disability Pension; and of the latter Argentina’s “Programa de Integración para Personas con Discapacidad” that provides financing of local integration projects that promote social integration of people with disabilities through specific tasks or activities with other stakeholders in the community to which they belong. 13  Special benefits include waivers of user fees for health care or transport services, other waivers; allowances target to special groups such as war veterans and indigenous people pensions; among others.  Emergency benefits include programs involving cash or food transfers to households at risk of livelihood shocks, such as drought and famine, or those affected by disasters.  Other social safety nets (SSN) could include any other social assistance programs not classified above. Figure 1: Classification of administrative data on Social Assistance programs in LAC SP Database Source: LAC Social Protection Database. 1.5 Labor market program classification The labor market program categorization has been done using the classification adopted by the OECD in its Labor Market Programs (LMP) database (Grubb and Puymoyen, 2008), which encompasses nine main areas, each of which is subdivided in different categories defined as follows.14 Categories 1 through 7 are active labor market programs, while categories 8 and 9 are considered passive labor market programs. The latter includes unemployment insurance and unemployment assistance (category 8) and early retirement for labor market reasons (category 9). 1. Public employment services and administration  Placement and related services include open information services, referral to opportunities for work, training and other forms of assistance, counseling and case management of jobseekers, financial assistance with the costs of job search or 14 For more details please see http://www.oecd.org/els/emp/42116566.pdf 14 mobility to take up work, and job brokerage and related services for employers provided by the main public employment service and by other publicly-financed bodies.  Benefit administration expenditure includes the budget of institutions that manage the unemployment and early retirement benefits, if this spending can be separately identified.  Other expenditure includes the budget of institutions that provide placement and related services; institutions that manage labor market programs or administer the benefits (to the extent such costs can be separated). 2. Training  Institutional training refers to programs where most of the training time (75 percent or more) is spent in a training institution (school/college, training center or similar).  Workplace training refers to programs where most of the training time (75 percent or more) is spent in the workplace.  Alternate training refers to programs where training time is evenly split between a training institution and the workplace.  Special support for apprenticeship refers to programs providing incentives to employers to recruit apprentices from labor market policy target groups, or training allowances for particular disadvantaged groups.15 3. Job rotation and job sharing  Job rotation refers to schemes promoting the full substitution of an employee by an unemployed person or a person from another target group for a fixed period.  Job sharing refers to schemes promoting the partial substitution of an employee by an unemployed person or a person from another target group. 4. Employment incentives  Recruitment incentives programs make time limited payments to facilitate the recruitment of unemployed persons and other target groups into jobs where the majority of the labor cost is covered by the employer.16 15 Apprenticeship schemes that are generally available are considered to be part of the general education and vocational training system and should be excluded. 16 These include payments to individuals that are conditional upon the take-up of a new job (back-to-work bonus, mobility/relocation allowance or similar) only if they are targeted (e.g. restricted to the long-term unemployed). 15  Employment maintenance incentives are similar but facilitate continuing employment, in a situation of restructuring or similar. Generally-available in-work benefits for low-income groups should not be included. 5. Supported employment and rehabilitation  Supported employment subsidies for the productive employment of people with a permanently (or long-term) reduced capacity to work.17  Rehabilitation for people with a reduced working capacity which prepares them to move on to work or regular training. Social and medical rehabilitation are not included.  Other rehabilitation and training, but participation by disabled workers in regular training as distinct from rehabilitation is included in Category 2. 6. Direct job creation  Direct job creation programs18 create additional jobs - usually of community benefit or socially useful, and usually in the public or non-profit sector although similar projects in the private sector may also be eligible - for the long-term unemployed or persons otherwise difficult to place into jobs. 7. Startup incentives  Startup incentives programs promote entrepreneurship by encouraging the unemployed and target groups to start their own business or to become self- employed. 8. Out-of-work income maintenance and support  Full unemployment benefits: i. Unemployment insurance benefits payable to workers (often only for a limited period) satisfying criteria for membership in an unemployment insurance scheme. ii. Unemployment assistance benefits payable to workers either failing to satisfy criteria for unemployment insurance benefits or who have exceeded the period for entitlement to unemployment insurance benefit.19 17 These measures typically provide ongoing support and have no planned duration. However, lifetime sheltered work provisions are normally considered as part of social policy and outside the scope of the database. 18 The kinds of public works typically included in social assistance, that act in lieu of unemployment insurance are included here. 19 Unemployment assistance is normally means-tested. 16  Partial unemployment benefits compensating for the loss of wage or salary due to short-time working arrangements, and/or intermittent work schedules, where the employer/employee relationship continues.  Part-time unemployment benefits paid to persons working part-time who have lost a full-time job or an additional part-time one and are seeking to work more hours.  Redundancy compensation capital sums paid from public funds to employees who have been dismissed through no fault of their own by an enterprise that is ceasing or cutting down its activities  Bankruptcy compensation capital sums paid from public funds to employees to compensate for wages not paid by the employer due to bankruptcy/insolvency 9. Early retirement for labor market reasons  Conditional oblige the employer to replace the retiree with an unemployed person or a person from another target group.  Unconditional do nor oblige the employer to replace the retiree, but must be targeted to unemployed or workers affected by a job reduction caused by economic events such as the restructuring of an industrial sector or of a business enterprise.20 Figure 2: Classification of administrative data on Labor Market programs in LAC SP Database Source: LAC Social Protection Database. 20 Programs that are conditional only on age or contribution record are not be included. 17 2 Household survey data for 12 LAC countries: methods and definitions 2.1 Scope and sources Latin America’s main income or expenditure household surveys usually collect information on receipt of social protection benefits, at least for some of the largest and most long-lived programs in a given country. The juxtaposition of information on program benefits from household surveys with administrative data allows for the analysis of more complex and informative indicators of social protection programs. In this section we summarize the analysis of household survey data conducted for 12 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean region for which harmonized data are available for 2008-2010: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay. In addition we explain the methodology and provide references to further documentation. The surveys analyzed are shown in Table 1. Table 1: Surveys included in LAC SP Database Country Year Name of household survey Argentina 2010 Encuesta Permanente de Hogares Continua Brazil 2009 Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios (PNAD) Chile 2009 Encuesta de Caracterización Socio-Económica Nacional (CASEN) Costa Rica 2009 Encuesta de Hogares de Propósitos Múltiples Dominican Republic 2009 Encuesta Nacional de Fuerza de Trabajo Ecuador 2010 Sistema Integrado de Encuestas de Hogares (SIEH-ENEMDU) El Salvador 2009 Encuesta de Hogares de Propósitos Múltiples Mexico 2010 Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares Panama 2008 Encuesta de Niveles de Vida Paraguay 2009 Encuesta Permanente de Hogares Peru 2009 Encuesta Nacional de Hogares - Condiciones de Vida y Pobreza Uruguay 2009 Encuesta Continua de Hogares Source: LAC Social Protection Database with data from National Statistical Offices. The analysis presented in this paper has been done in close collaboration with the team working on ASPIRE.21 The household survey indicators reported are a subset of those available in ASPIRE.22 The LAC SP Database team and the ASPIRE team are continuing collaboration in updating this analysis. 21 The analysis on the basis of which this section is based was conducted by Claudia P. Rodriguez Alas using survey data harmonized by CEDLAS initially under the guidance of Phillippe Leite, Margaret Grosh and Anna Fruttero and subsequently under the guidance of Maddalena Honorati (task team leader of ASPIRE) and Ruslan Yemtsov. The analysis was prepared for inclusion in both the LAC SP and ASPIRE databases (http://datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/), 22 For a full list of indicators produced by ADePT please see http://datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/ 18 2.2 Methodology Household surveys are processed to identify beneficiaries of social protection programs and benefits amounts in order to estimate key indicators. These indicators allow assessing program performance and their impact on poverty and inequality. The methodology followed to generate these indicators is the following:  Each module of the household survey is carefully reviewed as program information is usually collected in different places. For example, transfers such as pensions may be collected in the non-labor income module, while school feeding or scholarships - in the education module.  Participation (a dummy variable) and monetary variables (amounts received by individuals and households) are created for the programs captured in the survey which are then harmonized into a standard classification to facilitate cross-country and regional comparisons.  Two datasets are created: i) a program specific dataset where variables are created by individual programs, and ii) a harmonized dataset where the specific programs are aggregated into social protection categories.  In addition, a harmonized income aggregate is used as a measure of household welfare. These aggregates are produced by the World Bank’s Poverty Reduction and Economic Management (PREM) team in collaboration with the Center for Distributive, Labor and Social Studies (CEDLAS).23  Performance and impact indicators are generated using ADePT SP: Software Platform for Automated Economic Analysis – Social Protection24 developed by the World Bank’s Development Economics Research Group (DECRG) and the Social Protection Department of the Human Development Network (HDNSP), which enables standardization of estimation to minimize errors and improve comparability. ADePT allows the ranking of the households into quintiles or deciles based on per capita income or consumption.25 Different counterfactuals of the welfare variable are available such as pre- or post- social protection transfer income.26 In this paper the indicators are estimated based on pre all social assistance transfer measures of welfare (per capita income). That means the household per capita income used to generate the welfare distribution excludes the value of all social assistance transfers a household receives. An illustrative comparison to estimates based on post-transfer (total) income are made later in the paper and both sets of estimates are available in Annex E. While ADePT generates an array of indicators, the LAC Household Survey SP Database focuses only on three key ones: coverage, benefits incidence and generosity (see Section 2.4 for definitions). 23 The resultant database called Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean (SEDLAC), consisting of statistics on poverty and other distributional and social variables from 24 LAC countries is available at: http://sedlac.econo.unlp.edu.ar/eng/index.php 24 ADePT software and related documentation are available at www.worldbank.org/adept. 25 Alternatively, equivalence scales can be used to account for economies of scale within households. 26 Additionally, the following adjustments to the welfare aggregate are available: net of all SP transfers, net of each SP transfer and net of all SA transfers. 19 2.3 Data considerations: strengths and limitations of survey data Strengths. Given the availability of a welfare aggregate (total income or consumption), household surveys allow for the estimation of an array of indicators that are not possible to obtain from administrative data. These indicators usually assess how efficiently the programs target the poor and how effective they are at reducing poverty and inequality. The ranking of the households along the income distribution makes possible to assess, for example: whether the poor or non-poor participate in the program (coverage), what percentage of the benefits goes to each income group (benefits incidence) and what the share of the transfers is relative to the household welfare (generosity or adequacy of benefits). If socioeconomic or labor characteristics are included, further breakdown of the population covered is possible, for example, the unemployed or underemployed, the vulnerable, the elderly, the youth, women or men etc. Other indicators such as the reduction of the poverty headcount, poverty gap or severity of poverty due to the programs can be estimated. Household survey data are one of the main data sources available to identify the population not covered by the programs but in need of social protection. In addition, the risks faced by this uncovered population can be identified in the survey such as age, employment status, disability, poverty or vulnerability status, etc. Moreover, with household survey data analysts can conduct simulations or ex-ante assessments of the impact of new programs or potential reforms to existing ones. This includes the estimation of costs and fiscal space needed to move forward. Limitations. While household survey data allow for a comprehensive analysis, the coverage of social protection programs in the survey questionnaires is often limited. Commonly it is either very aggregated (with all transfer receipts asked in a single question so that no program level analysis can be done) or partial (with enumeration of only a few programs). Since completeness of questionnaires greatly varies across countries, full comparability of indicators (such as coverage or targeting) is difficult. For a full list of programs available in the LAC survey questionnaires by country, please see Annex E. As a consequence of the limited coverage of SP programs in most household surveys, the total social protection program expenditure calculated from them is usually underestimated. Cross checking the administrative data with the household survey data available in the LAC Administrative SP database, we were able to determine that, on average, these surveys estimate less than half of the total spending on social assistance reported by the administrative data. This ranges, however, from more complete cases, such as Mexico, where three programs included in the survey questionnaire represent almost 90 percent of total spending on all social assistance programs, to Brazil, where the two social assistance programs identifiable in the survey27 represent less than a third of total social assistance spending (see Table 2). 27 In the case of Brazil, the PNAD household survey only asked households about their participation in Bolsa Familia in 2004 and 2006. For subsequent years, it is possible to identify beneficiaries indirectly through a methodology developed by the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA). 20 All household surveys in the LAC SP Database are nationally representative with the exception of Argentina (Encuesta Permanente de Hogares Continua) which only covers the large urban areas of the country. However, even if national coverage is available, booster samples among particularly disadvantaged groups may be required to adequately capture certain social protection transfers, especially where these are narrowly targeted and/or survey samples are small. Table 2: Social assistance programs included in household survey data in monetary terms and share of total SA spending they represent, selected countries Country Year Name of household survey SA programs included Share of (in monetary terms) total SA spending* Argentina 2010 Encuesta Permanente de Hogares Asignación Universal 38% Continua por Hijo, Scholarship program, Plan Jefes Brazil 2009 Directoria de Pesquisas Coordenação BPC, Bolsa Familia 26% de Trabalho e Rendimento Gerência de Pesquisa Annual Chile 2009 Encuesta de Caracterización Socio- Puente, social pensions 37% Económica Nacional (CASEN) (PBS, APS), Asignación familiar, subsidio único, Bono de Protección Social y Egreso Ecuador 2010 Sistema Integrado de Encuestas de Bono de Desarrollo 45% Hogares (SIEH-ENEMDU Diciembre Humano 2010) Mexico 2010 Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y PROCAMPO, Programa 87% Gastos de los Hogares Adultos Mayores and Oportunidades Peru 2009 Encuesta Nacional de Hogares - Programa Juntos 30% Condiciones de Vida y Pobreza Uruguay 2009 Encuesta Continua de Hogares Asignación Familiar 43% Note: * Both spending on programs and total SA spending is based on administrative data. Source: LAC Social Protection Database, authors’ calculations. The issues and limitations of administrative and household survey data explained in this paper need to be kept in mind when reviewing the indicators. The reader should see both databases as complementary and should take both sources into account when drawing conclusions about the state of social protection in a given country. 2.4 Key indicators generated from the household survey data As mentioned above, the LAC SP database focuses on the following key indicators:28 28 For a full list of indicators produced by ADePT please refer to worldbank.org/adept 21  Coverage: Percentage of population participating in social protection programs (includes direct and indirect beneficiaries), and it is calculated for the total population and by quintile/decile.29  Benefit incidence (targeting): Percentage of benefits going to each quintile/decile of the post-transfer welfare distribution relative to the total benefits going to the population.30 The indicator includes both direct and indirect beneficiaries and is calculated by quintile/decile.  Generosity: Generosity is the total transfer amount received by all beneficiaries in a group as a share of the total welfare of beneficiaries in that group. 31 The indicator is estimated for the entire population and by quintile/decile. It also includes direct and indirect beneficiaries. This indicator measures the contribution of transfers to incomes of those who receive them.32 Each of the indicators is calculated by program category and by function (social assistance, social insurance and labor market programs) following the classification described below. While estimates can be produced for both quintiles and deciles of welfare distribution, the results below focus on quintiles. It is important to clarify that benefit incidence and generosity can be estimated only if monetary variables are available (amount of the transfer). However, if the survey questions only ask participation in a given program (yes/no questions) only coverage can be estimated. Hence, benefit incidence and generosity are not available for all programs in the LAC SP Database, especially for some in kind programs such as school feeding. 2.5 Categorization of programs by policy areas While programs are categorized into the same main SP areas (social insurance, labor market programs, social assistance) in both administrative and household survey data, the classification of programs within each set of data is slightly different. As explained above, the differences correspond to the fact that the classification of the administrative data is tailored to the Latin American context and the classification of the household survey data is designed to facilitate global comparability. SP programs are classified in accordance with the global ASPIRE database guidelines, as follows:33 1. Social insurance  Old age contributory pensions: old age and survivors pensions 29 Specifically, coverage is (Number of individuals in the quintile who live in a household where at least one member receives the transfer)/(Number of households in that quintile). 30 Specifically, benefit incidence is (Sum of all transfers received by all individuals in the quintile)/(Sum of all transfers received by all individuals in the population). 31 Specifically, generosity is (Value of the transfers received by a quintile)/(Total welfare aggregated of beneficiaries in that quintile). 32 While this measure is indicative of reliance of households on these transfers, benefit adequacy should also be assessed with respect to some absolute measure, such as a poverty line, minimum or average wage, etc. 33 F or more detailed classification, please see http://datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/ 22  Social security/health insurance: disability benefits, social security and health insurance 2. Labor market programs  Unemployment benefits  Active labor market programs 3. Social assistance/safety nets  Cash transfer program/last resort program  Social pensions  Other cash transfers programs: family, child or disability allowances  Conditional cash transfer program  In-kind food programs: food stamps and vouchers, food rations, supplementary feeding, and emergency food distribution  Other social assistance programs: housing allowances, school feeding, scholarships/educational credit, fee waivers, health, subsidies, preferential credit, cash-for-work, food-for-work and public works. The differences in classification between the two parts of the database resides mainly in the programs categories and typologies within social protection functions (social insurance, labor market, and social assistance). Public works is the only program that is placed in different functions: in the administrative data these programs are classified under labor market and in the household survey data they are classified under social assistance. 3 Key findings 3.1 Social assistance Spending on social assistance programs as percentage of GDP increased three fold over the decade of 2000s, from an average of 0.4 percent for ten countries in 2000 to 1.2 percent in 2010. While in 2000 only two out of three countries, for which we have comparable data on expenditure (Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay), were spending more than 0.4 percent of GDP on social assistance, by 2010 all countries were spending more than this amount (Figure 3). Looking over a decade of social assistance expenditures for selected countries we see that long term expansions and changes in social protection programming dominate the scene. In Argentina social assistance spending doubled from 2004 to 2008 and continued to grow at an increased rate in 2009 and 2010. The headline change was the creation of the Universal Child Allowance (Asignación Universal por Hijo) in late 2009, which offers income support for families of unemployed and informal workers, a policy change to promote social inclusion. In Brazil the steady increase in expenditures is largely due to the expansion of Bolsa Familia, with also more gradual increases in the expenditures on social pensions and disability. In Ecuador the main drivers of the expenditure increase were newly created social pension and child allowance 23 programs, as well as the creation of a set of disability programs that include Manuela Espejo and Bono Joaquín Gallegos Lara. Spending on social assistance in Colombia grew steadily through the period, increasing mainly due to the CCT program (Más Familias en Acción). Figure 3: Social assistance spending as share of GDP by country, 2000 to 2010 % GDP 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER SLV URY 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Notes: The data includes only central government level expenditures. Although in Honduras and Uruguay aggregate spending showed little change, the composition of spending has changed during the decade (Figure 4). Honduras has increased expenditure on food programs and, since 2009, on their CCT program Bono 10.000; while Uruguay incorporated a CCT program during 2004-2008 (Figure 5). Overall, Brazil is the highest spender on social assistance programs in the region over the whole decade among the countries analyzed, with its spending (as percent of GDP) increasing from about 1.5 percent in 2000 to 2.5 percent in 2010, followed by more moderate spenders such as Chile, Ecuador and Argentina (with 2 percent, 1.8 percent and 1.5 percent of the GDP in 2010, respectively). The rest of the countries analyzed (Colombia, Honduras, Mexico Peru, El Salvador and Uruguay) spent less than 1 percent of the GDP in social assistance programs in 2010. The general picture of social assistance in LAC is that most countries have a rich and diverse set of programs, with a great deal of variation in the mix within each country. Latin America is rightly famous for the rise of the conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs, which are now familiar beyond the region and even outside of social protection circles. 24 Figure 4: Composition of social assistance spending in 2010 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER SLV URY CCTs School Feeding Social Pension Family and Child Benefits Disability Benefits Other Notes: The data includes only central government level expenditures. Perhaps less widely recognized, but becoming more important elements of social protection systems are social pensions, which offer income support to the elderly not covered by contributory pensions. In the countries with the largest elderly population in the region - Brazil, Uruguay and Chile - these programs represent the largest share of spending on social assistance programs, surpassing CCTs. In 2010 social pensions represented 60 percent, 50 percent and 33 percent of social assistance spending, in Brazil, Uruguay and Chile, respectively. Coverage of such programs is also growing in the other countries. Eight of the twelve programs existing in the region started after 2000. At first they were small and narrowly targeted, but towards the end of the decade have expanded to cover a larger portion of the population. Between 2008 and 2009 five countries expanded their social pensions (Brazil, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay in 2008; El Salvador in 2009).34 School feeding programs are equally important in the region since they cover between 7 percent of the population in Peru to 23 percent of the population in Brazil, providing children with food and often an incentive for school attendance. Although expenditure on these programs is relatively constant; school feeding in Chile, Peru and Honduras increased as a policy response to the rise of food prices in 2008. Additionally, non-contributory programs for the disabled also increased in spending and in number of beneficiaries in several countries in the region during the past decade and especially since 2008. 34 According to Rofman, Apella and Vezza (2013). 25 Figure 5: Composition of social assistance spending as share of GDP by country, 2000 to 2010 Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecaudor Honduras Mexico Peru El Salvador Uruguay CCTs School feeding Other food prog Social pension 2.00 0.00 Family and child benefits Disability benefits Funeral allowance Education benefits 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Special benefits Emergency benefits Other SSN Notes: The data includes only central government level expenditures. 26 While administrative data give us a sense of how much countries are spending on the different programs and how the composition of spending has changed, they remain silent in terms of whether the resources reach the intended beneficiaries. The question of whether governments are providing an adequate protection to their populations, in particular the poor, cannot be answered by this kind of data. For this purpose, household survey data are needed. With survey data it is possible to analyze coverage of the population as well as coverage of various sub-groups, such as the poor.35 Social assistance coverage of the population varies significantly – from less than 10 percent in Argentina to 70 percent in Chile (Figure 6). The overall coverage depends to some extent on how well the survey questionnaires capture various social assistance programs. As was underscored earlier, this is not uniform across countries (See Annex D). Hence, the detailed results by program type can be more informative, as they are more comparable. Figure 6: Coverage of social assistance programs for selected countries % of Population 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 ARG BRA DOM MEX PRY URY CRI PAN PER ECU SLV CHL 2010 2009 2009 2010 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2010 2009 2009 Coverage of the poorest quintile36 by social assistance programs ranges from nearly universal (more than 90 percent) in Chile and very high (more than two thirds) in a number of countries (Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay, Panama, El Salvador, Costa Rica and Mexico) to as low as 25 percent in Argentina (Figure 7). This high coverage can mostly be explained by school feeding programs, which cover many poor families. On the other hand, low coverage in some countries, such as Argentina, can at least be partially explained by the fact that only some social assistance programs are included in the survey questionnaire.37 35 Due to various methodological issues described above, comparing countries to each other is a tricky exercise, but nevertheless an important one. Estimates are based on 12 countries available in LAC SP Database as of October 2013. 36 The poor and the poorest quintile are used synonymously in this paper. 37 Additionally, considering that household survey data in Argentina is not nationally representative, these results should be considered with caution. 27 Figure 7: Coverage of social assistance programs by quintile, for selected countries Percentage 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 ARG DOM PRY BRA MEX CRI SLV PAN URY PER ECU CHL 2010 2009 2009 2009 2010 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2010 2009 Poorest Quintile Richest Quintile Note: Households are ranked into quintiles on the basis of per capita income net of all social assistance transfers harmonized by CEDLAS. The survey data also allow for comparisons of programs within a country. In Chile, for example, high coverage of the poor is indeed largely driven by school feeding, which covers almost two thirds of the poor by providing school meals to families in the poorest quintile, but other programs, such as Asignación Familiar or Subsidio Unico, cover about half of the poor. At the other end of the spectrum, programs like Bono de Protección Social y Egreso cover a very small share of households in the poorest quintile (about 3.5 percent). Overall social assistance benefit incidence (targeting) is progressive in the countries included in the database. The poorest quintile in most countries receives more than 30 percent of all social assistance transfers and the richest quintile receives, on average, only 5 percent (Figure 8). Again, significant variation across countries exists. In some countries, the share of transfers received by the poor is above 50 percent (Brazil, Panama, and Argentina) and is as high as 63.8 percent (Peru). It is important to keep in mind that incidence of those programs that are not captured by the survey in monetary form was not assessed. Moreover the results combine two factors – the mix of programs between poverty targeted and more universal social assistance goals, and the acuity of the targeting instruments. 28 Figure 8: Benefit incidence of social assistance programs by quintile, for selected countries Percentage 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 DOM ECU URY CHL MEX SLV BRA PAN ARG PER 2009 2010 2009 2009 2010 2009 2009 2008 2010 2009 Poorest Quintile Richest Quintile Note: Households are ranked into quintiles on the basis of per capita income net of all social assistance transfers harmonized by CEDLAS. Similarly, contribution of social assistance to the incomes of beneficiaries may be easily assessed only for those programs that have monetary amounts captured in the survey. Such programs in total contribute a non-negligible share to incomes of beneficiaries, which varies from just under 10 percent in El Salvador to about 45 percent in Mexico (Figure 9). Figure 9: Generosity of social assistance programs by quintile, for selected countries Percentage 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 SLV URY DOM PER PAN ARG CHL ECU BRA MEX 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 Poorest Quintile Richest Quintile Note: Households are ranked into quintiles on the basis of per capita income net of all social assistance transfers harmonized by CEDLAS. 29 3.1.1 Conditional cash transfers CCTs have become the flagship social assistance programs in LAC countries. Most countries currently have at least one such program and their spending over the decade has increased substantially. Where CCTs exist they have absorbed a significant share of social assistance expenditures, with budgets ranging in 2010 from 0.1 percent of GDP (Chile and Peru) to 0.8 percent of GDP (Ecuador). In between there is a lot of variation: Brazil spent almost 0.4 percent on Bolsa Familia, Mexico – almost 0.5 percent on Oportunidades, Peru and Honduras - 0.25 percent on Juntos and Bono 10.000, respectively. Figure 10: Spending on CCT programs, percent of GDP % GDP 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER SAL URY Notes: The data includes only central government level expenditures. In terms of coverage, in some countries these programs cover a small percentage of the population often living in specific areas. In others they have national coverage and reach a large percentage of the population. The population coverage varies from under ten percent in Honduras and Peru, to about a quarter of population in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico, and over 30 percent in Ecuador (Figure 11). Household survey data shows that coverage of CCTs is very progressive, with coverage being the highest among the poorest quintile (Figure 12). It also indicates that despite significant increases in the number of beneficiaries over the years, coverage gaps remain with as many as 70 percent of the bottom quintile not being covered (Peru’s Programa Juntos and Panama’s Red de Oportunidades). Even in countries with some of the highest total coverage, only 60 percent of the poor benefit from CCTs (Ecuador’s Bono de Desarrollo Humano, Mexico’s Oportunidades, and Brasil’s Bolsa Familia). In contrast, coverage among the top quintiles is low for most programs. 30 Figure 11: Coverage of CCT programs, percent of total population % Population 50 40 30 20 10 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA COL ECU HND MEX PER URY Note: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 12: Coverage of CCT programs by quintile, for selected countries % of people covered 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Brazil 2009: Bolsa Familia Ecuador 2010: Bono de Desarrollo Humano Mexico 2010: Oportunidades Panama 2008: Red de Oportunidades Peru 2009: Programa Juntos Note: Households are ranked into quintiles on the basis of per capita income net of all social assistance transfers harmonized by CEDLAS. Good targeting of CCT programs is also confirmed by the survey data. For instance, more than half of benefits of Brazil’s Bolsa Familia and Mexico’s Oportunidades goes to the bottom quintile, while this share for is more than 60 percent for Panama’s Oportunidades and Peru’s Programa Juntos (Figure 13). Benefit incidence drops dramatically after second quintile and a very small percentage of the benefits accrues to upper quintiles (again, with the exception of Ecuador’s Bono de Desarrollo Humano, which benefits third and fourth quintiles to some extent). 31 The programs provide a significant increase in the welfare of beneficiaries in the poorest quintile, raising their income per capita by about 20 percent in Peru, Panama and Brazil, and by as much as a quarter in Ecuador (Figure 14). This means that these programs are an important source of support for poor families in the region. Figure 13: Benefit incidence of CCT programs by quintile, for selected countries % benefits 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Brazil 2009: Bolsa Familia Ecuador 2010: Bono de Desarrollo Humano Mexico 2010: Oportunidades Panama 2008: Red de Oportunidades Peru 2009: Programa Juntos Note: Households are ranked into quintiles on the basis of per capita income net of all social assistance transfers harmonized by CEDLAS. Figure 14: Generosity of CCTs by quintile, for selected countries Share of benefits in income 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Brazil 2009: Bolsa Familia Ecuador 2010: Bono de Desarrollo Humano Mexico 2010: Oportunidades Panama 2008: Red de Oportunidades Peru 2009: Programa Juntos Note: Households are ranked into quintiles on the basis of per capita income net of all social assistance transfers harmonized by CEDLAS. 32 3.1.2 Social pensions Social pensions (non-contributory pensions) have grown significantly in recent years in Latin America starting in the second half of the last decade. Due to high informality, coverage of contributory pensions is often low and contribution density among those covered is low too, therefore contributory pension systems leave a significant portion of the elderly without (sufficient) earned pensions. As a result, the region has developed a number of non-contributory or subsidized insurance programs to fill in the coverage gaps among the elderly (Rofman et al. 2013). Between 2005 and 2010 they showed a steady increase in the number of beneficiaries and spending, with Brazil being both an early mover and the highest spender reaching over 1.6 percent on GDP in 2010 (Figure 15). Figure 15: Spending on social pensions, percent of GDP % GDP 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX URY Notes: The data includes only central government level expenditures. While few household surveys collect information on participation in these programs, we have information for three countries: Mexico, Brazil and Chile. In Chile more than 70 percent of those over the age of 65 in the poorest quintile were covered by the Basic Solidarity pension38 (PBS) and the Aporte Previsional Solidario (APS) in 2009 (Figure 16). In Mexico, coverage is lower but still 60 percent of the elderly in the poorest quintile benefited from Programa Adultos Mayores in 2010. In Brazil coverage is much more limited, but this may be explained by the fact that Benefício de Prestação Continuada da Assistência Social (BPC) is just one of the many programs benefiting the elderly, and is limited to urban areas.39 38 Pension Solidaria Básica. 39 In rural areas the elderly benefit from Rural Pensions, which have the same level of benefits but are not means- tested. 33 Figure 16: Coverage of social pensions by quintile, age 65 and older, for selected countries % of people 65 and older covered 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Brazil 2009: BPC Chile 2009:PBS, APS Mexico 2010: Programa Adultos Mayores Note: Households are ranked into quintiles on the basis of per capita income net of all social assistance transfers harmonized by CEDLAS. Since the elderly are still a low share of the population and not necessarily poorer than average (Gasparini et al. 2010), overall coverage of the population by social pension programs is low40 and benefit incidence is less progressive than for CCT programs (Figure 17). Only about 40 percent of social pensions goes to the poorest quintile, while the share received by upper quintiles is non-negligible in all countries. Because social pensions are meant, in a sense, as a replacement to earnings their benefits tend to be higher than for other social assistance programs (Grosh, et. al 2008). This is clearly seen in the generosity numbers in Figure 18 where social pensions constitute as much as two thirds of the income of beneficiaries in the poorest quintile, and still provide a non-trivial 10-20 percent boost to the incomes of those in the fourth quintile. 40 Based on household survey data, total coverage of the population is 2.6 percent for Brazil BPC (2009), 5.4 percent for Mexico’s Programa Adultos Mayores (2010) and 11.6 for Chile’s PBS, APS (2009). 34 Figure 17: Benefit incidence of social pensions by quintile, for selected countries % benefits 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Brazil 2009: BPC Chile 2009:PBS, APS Mexico 2010: Programa Adultos Mayores Note: Households are ranked into quintiles on the basis of per capita income net of all social assistance transfers harmonized by CEDLAS. Figure 18: Generosity of social pensions by quintile, for selected countries Share of benefits in income 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Brazil 2009: BPC Chile 2009:PBS, APS Mexico 2010: Programa Adultos Mayores Note: Households are ranked into quintiles on the basis of per capita income net of all social assistance transfers harmonized by CEDLAS. As a result of their relative generosity, targeting accuracy of social pensions (or any other large transfers) can vary significantly depending on whether the value of transfers is taken into account when ranking households into quintiles or deciles. This is because generous transfers could 35 actually move an otherwise poorer household into upper quintiles.41 This point is best illustrated with an example. For instance, when post-transfer income is used as a measure of welfare targeting of BPC in Brazil looks significantly worse compared to Bolsa Familia. While half of all Bolsa Familia benefits go to the poorest quintile, less than 10 percent of BPC do (Figure 19, panel a). Targeting of BPC appears to be skewed toward upper quintiles, while targeting of Bolsa Familia is progressive. This changes drastically, however, when households are ranked based on per capita income net of all social assistance transfers, including BPC and Bolsa Familia. Bolsa Familia is still better targeted, but BPC’s targeting also appears progressive, benefiting primarily bottom two quintiles (Figure 19, panel b).42 Figure 19: Benefit incidence of CCT and social pension in Brazil, by quintile of per capita income a) Households ranked based on post-transfer b) Households ranked based per capita per capita income income net of all social assistance transfers % % benefits benefits 70 70 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Brazil 2009: BPC Brazil 2009: BPC Brazil 2009: Bolsa Familia Brazil 2009: Bolsa Familia 3.1.3 School feeding School feeding programs are normally made available either to all public school students or target those in certain prioritized geographical areas with high concentration of poor households. The main objectives of these programs is to improve food security and/or to increase school attendance, and, by reducing short term hunger, to increase learning. 41 While it is also true that even small transfers can move households across quintiles if their income is very close to the threshold, it is less likely to have a significant impact on targeting results, unless you have a significant clustering of beneficiaries just below quintile thresholds. 42 Note that targeting of Bolsa Familia also improves in the second case, even though to a lesser extent, since Bolsa Familia transfers are less generous and less likely to move household across quintiles. 36 Latin America, and especially the Southern Cone, has a long history of school feeding programs. Over time they have become an important piece of governments’ social policies and are among the most long standing programs. As a matter of fact, Brazil started providing school meals in 1955 (Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar), Chile in 1964 (Programa de Alimentación Escolar), Colombia in 1968 (Programa de Alimentación Escolar) and Peru in 1984 (Vaso de leche). Coverage of children, particularly those in poor families, is high in a number of countries. In Chile, Costa Rica, El Salvador and Panama as many as 85 percent of school-age children in the poorest quintile benefit from school feeding programs (Figure 20). In other countries, at least half of poor children receive free meals at schools. Coverage falls steadily with income, likely in part due to self-selection, since children of richer families tend to attend private schools, but also because countries use geographic targeting when school feeding programs are not universal. Figure 20: Coverage of school feeding programs by quintile, ages 6-17, for selected countries % of childrren (ages 6-17) covered 100 80 60 40 20 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Chile 2009 Costa Rica 2009 Ecuador 2010 El Salvador 2009 Panama 2008 Paraguay 2009 Peru 2009 Uruguay 2009 Note: Households are ranked into quintiles on the basis of per capita income net of all social assistance transfers harmonized by CEDLAS. While school feeding programs cover many, spending is relatively low when compared to conditional cash transfer programs, except for Peru, El Salvador and Chile that have small CCTs. Chile, the highest spender on these programs, spent 0.33 percent of GDP, Peru 0.26 percent and El Salvador 0.1 percent; while Brazil spent 0.08 percent and Honduras 0.15 percent (Figure 21). 37 Figure 21: Spending on school feeding programs, percent of GDP % GDP 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 BRA CHL COL ECU HND PER SLV URY Notes: The data includes only central government level expenditures. 3.1.4 Disability benefits Another important trend in social assistance in LAC has been the introduction and expansion of disability benefits over the past decade - both in terms of the number of beneficiaries and in the number of social programs. In Brazil spending in disability benefits increased by half from 2000 to 2010 reaching 0.31 percent of GDP. Chile instituted the Basic Solidarity Pension (Pension Basica Solidaria) for the disabled in 2008, which doubled spending from 2008 to 2009, going from 0.08 percent of GDP to 0.18 percent. Argentina increased its spending in disability benefits from 0.17 percent of GDP in 2008 to 0.36 percent in 2010 as the number of beneficiaries increased from about 300,000 to more than 575,000. Ecuador has created the program “Ecuador without barriers” (Ecuador Sin Barreras)43 in 2008, Solidary Mision “Manuela Espejo” (Misión Solidaria "Manuela Espejo")44 in 2009 and the “Joaquin Gallegos Lara” benefit (Bono Joaquin Gallegos Lara) in 2010.45 Within three years overall spending on disability programs in Ecuador increased from 0.01 in 2008 to 0.08 percent of GDP in 2010. Given how recently the spending on support for the disabled has become significant, most disability programs are not yet included in survey questionnaires, thus it is not possible to conduct benefit incidence analysis as well as assess coverage of disability programs among the poor and other population groups. Considering the increasing importance of these programs in regional social protection program mix, it would be important that these programs are incorporated in household survey questionnaires to enable their analysis in the future. 43 Ecuador’s overarching program to offer support to people with disabilities. 44 The Solidarity Mission "Manuela Espejo" program provides disabled people with technical aids (wheelchairs, walkers, canes, anti-bedsore mattresses, visual aids and kits) since July 2009. 45 Joaquin Gallegos Lara benefit provides USD 240 per month through a caregiver, to person with severe disability, catastrophic illness, and children under 14 years living with HIV-AIDS. 38 Figure 22: Spending on disability benefits, percent of GDP % GDP 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER SLV URY Notes: The data includes only central government level expenditures. 3.2 Labor market programs There is even more marked diversity in spending on labor market programs than on social assistance programs – both across countries and within countries over the years. Argentina and Brazil spent much more than other countries in most years. Their spending was also highly variable over time. Chile and Uruguay fall mid-range, with highest level of spending of about 0.6 percent of GDP. In other countries (Colombia, Ecuador and Honduras) spending on labor market programs has been consistently lower – topping out around 0.3 percent of GDP. Mexico and Peru are notably the lowest spenders, with expenditures on labor market programs amounting to less than 0.1 percent of GDP during the last decade (Figure 23). In contrast to expenditures on social assistance, spending on labor market programs shows less secular trend and a more noticeable anti-cyclical behavior. Argentina more than quintupled labor market spending in reaction to its convertibility crisis early in the decade. Spending then dropped sharply after and increased again after the global financial crisis of 2008-2009. Uruguay followed a similar though less extreme pattern. Brazil and Chile doubled their spending from mid-decade to 2010 when they mustered their response to the global financial crisis. 3.2.1 Unemployment insurance Changes in the expenditures on unemployment insurance for all countries where it exists follow the expected trends peaking in the Southern Cone in 2003 due to the crisis and generally increasing toward the end of the decade following the global financial crisis (Figure 21). Spending on the unemployment benefits has peaked in crisis years in Brazil (0.5 percent of GDP in 2010) and Uruguay in 2002 (0.6 percent of GDP). In other countries overall spending is 39 notably lower. The increase in spending in 2009 and 2010 is the result of both increases in unemployment as well as policy changes to increase access to benefits or raise benefit levels in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay (Grosh et al. 2013) Figure 23: Labor market program spending as share GDP % GDP 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER URY 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Notes: The data includes only central government level expenditures. Figure 24: Spending on unemployment benefits as a share of GDP % GDP 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU URY Notes: The data includes only central government level expenditures. 40 3.2.2 Active labor market programs Income support through direct job creation (in the social assistance literature often referred to as “public works”) is a an active labor market program type often used in countries and population groups where contributory coverage of unemployment insurance is low due to high levels of informality. In Argentina, the Jefes y Jefas de Hogar program was by far the largest in Latin America with spending of 1 percent of GDP in 2003 (Figure 25). Its expenditures then declined as the economy recovered and it was complemented with other kinds of programs, including the Argentina Trabajar program and Programa Empleo Comunitario within the direct job creation category. In contrast, spending on smaller programs in Mexico, Peru, El Salvador and Uruguay is barely visible compared with the level of spending on such programs in Argentina. Among other types of active labor market intervention types only a handful of programs spend more than 0.1 percent of GDP. This includes the following: Colombia has significant though declining expenditures on institutional training, decreasing from nearly 1.2 percent of GDP in 2003 to about 0.3 percent of GDP in 2010. Brazil has spent an increasing amount on employment maintenance incentives, peaking in 2010 at about 0.25 percent of GDP. Chile spends in the range of 0.15-0.1 percent of GDP on apprenticeships. Figure 25: Spending on direct job creation programs as a share of GDP % GDP 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG MEX URY Notes: The data includes only central government level expenditures. There are many small active labor market programs with spending below 0.1 percent of GDP, thorough analysis of which is beyond the scope of this paper. We thus refer the readers to Jones and Kostenbaum (forthcoming) where they provide a more detailed analysis of labor market programs in a subset of LAC countries, using data from the LAC SP Database and supplemental in-depth information on program design, implementation and outcomes. 41 4 Statistical Annexes Annex A: List of programs included in administrative data, by program category Argentina 4.1 Social Assistance Program Category Program Name Conditional Cash Programa Familias por la Inclusión Social - Atención de Grupos Vulnerables (de 2003 hacia atrás) Transfers (CCT) Asignación Universal por Hijo para la Protección Social Plan Mayores Social Pension Pensión no contributiva a la vejez Family allowances and Asignación por mujer embarazada para protección social child benefits Pensión no contributiva para Madres de 7 hijos o más Pensión no contributiva por discapacidad Servicio Nacional de Rehabilitación y Promoción de las Personas con Discapacidad -Prevención y Control de Discapacidades Programa de Integración para Personas con Discapacidad - Integración Social Sistema de Prestaciones Básicas de Atención Integral a Favor de las Personas con Discapacidad Disability Benefits Programa Especial de Asistencia Técnica para el Trabajo Programa de Inserción Laboral para Trabajadores/as con Discapacidad Programa de Acciones de Entrenamiento para el Trabajo para Trabajadores con Discapacidad (Sector Público y Privado e Instituciones sin fines de lucro) Programa de Terminalidad Educativa Programa de Apoyo Económico a los Talleres Protegidos de Producción School feeding Comedores Escolares Other food program Plan Nacional de Seguridad Alimentaria 42 Ayudas alimentarias (ticket alimentario sustituibles por alimentos y otros) Complemento Alimentario (Módulo alimentario remitido) Pro-Huerta Fondo Participativo de Inversión Social (FOPAR) - Comedores comunitarios Programa de Emergencia Alimentaria (PEA) Proyecto de Mejoramiento de Calidad de Servicios Alimentarios - Acciones para la Calidad Educativa Subsidio de Contención Familiar por Fallecimiento Programas de Becas Nacionales Programa Nacional de Becas Estudiantiles (PNBE): Proyecto Becas Estudiantiles - Asignación de Becas Estudiantiles Programa Nacional de Inclusión Educativa Becas Ley Pensión no contributiva por Leyes Especiales Other SSN Pensiones no contributivas Graciables (Otorgadas por el Congreso Nacional) Pensión no contributiva a Veteranos de la Guerra de Malvinas Programa de Inclusión y Capacitación de la Seguridad Social para los Pueblos Indígenas “Bienestar para Nuestra Gente” Emergencias para Catástrofes o Emergencias Climáticas Programa Ayudas Urgentes Programa de Adolescencia e Integración Social - Acciones Federales para la Integración Social Programa Federal de la Mujer - Formulación e Implementación de Políticas Públicas de la Mujer 4.2 Labor Market Public employment Placement and related services services and administration Sistema Federal de Empleo Institutional training Training Acciones de Capacitación Laboral 43 Crédito Fiscal para Capacitación del INET Especiales de Capacitación Laboral (R180) Programa de Capacitación Sectorial (R191) Programa de Formación Técnica y Profesional de Mujeres de Bajos Ingresos (FORMUJER) Programa Estudiar es Trabajar (641) Programa Jóvenes con Más y Mejor Trabajo Programa Nosotras Programa Regional para el Fortalecimiento de la Formación Técnico y Profesional de Mujeres de Bajos Ingresos (FOMUJER) Régimen de Crédito Fiscal del MTEySS para PyMES y Grandes Empresas Seguro de Capacitación y Empleo Alternate training Crédito Fiscal para Capacitación de la SEPYME Programa de apoyo a la productividad y empleabilidad de jóvenes (631) Workplace training Especiales de Capacitación Laboral (610) Programa de Capacitación Sectorial (600) Recruitment incentives Programa nacional de forestación intensiva (Forestar) Programa Nacional de Pasantías para la Reconverción Laboral (PRONAPAS) Employment maintenance incentives Proempleo Employment incentives Programa Crear Trabajo (CT) Programa de Apoyo al Empleo (315) Programa de Emergencia Laboral (PEL) Programa de Inserción Laboral (PIL) Programa desarrollo del Empleo Local 44 Programa Interzafra Sostenimiento del Empleo a pequeños Productores Rurales Sostenimiento del Empleo Frente a la Emergencia Climática Supported employment Supported employment and rehabilitation Programa de Recuperación Productiva (REPRO) Direct job creation Jefes y Jefas de Hogar Desocupado Plan de Empleo Comunitario (PEC) Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Local y Economía Social “Manos a la Obra” Direct job creation Programa de Empleo Transitorio en Obra Pública con Aporte de Materiales a Trabajadores Constructores Programa de Ingreso Social con Trabajo “Argentina Trabaja” Programa Trabajar III (con Materiales) Servicios Comunitarios Start-up incentives Start- up incentives Herramientas por Trabajo Programa Nacional de Promoción y asistencia del Trabajo Autogestionado y la Microempresa Full unemployment benefits: 8.1.1. Unemployment insurance Out-of-work income Pago Único Seguro de Desempleo maintenance and support Seguro de Desempleo 5 Brazil 5.1 Social Assistance Bolsa Família Conditional Cash Brasil Sem Miséria Transfers (CCT) Bolsa Alimentação Bolsa Escola 45 Cartão Alimentação Previdência Rural Benefício de Prestação Continuada (LOAS) + Renda Mensal Vitalícia (old age) Social Pension Benefício de Prestação Continuada (LOAS) - Vejez Renda Mensal Vitalícia - Vejez Benefício de Prestação Continuada (LOAS) + Renda Mensal Vitalícia (disability) Disability Benefits Renda Mensal Vitalícia - Discapacidad School feeding Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar Programa de aquisição de alimentos da agricultura familiar Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional dos Povos Indígenas Agente Jovem de Desenvolvimento Social e Humano Garantia Safra Combate ao Abuso e à Exploração Sexual de Crianças e Adolescentes - Sentinela Sentinala Other SSN Cisternas Agricultura Urbana Centro de Referência de Assistência Social Programa de Atenção integral a famílias Projovem Adolescente Bolsa Renda Programa de Erradicação do Trabalho Infantil (PETI) 5.2 Labor Market (*) Institutional training Training PLANSEQ (Programa Proximo Passo) Programa Nacional de Inclusão de Jovens- Pro-Jovem Employment incentives Recruitment incentives 46 Primeiro Emprego Employment maintenance incentives Abono Salarial do PIS/PASEP Bolsa de Qualificação Profissional Recursos Pesqueiros Sustentáveis Supported employment Supported employment and rehabilitation Promoção da Inclusão Produtiva Direct job creation Direct job creation Economia Solidaria - Programa Economia Solidaria em Desemvolvimento Full unemployment benefits: Unemployment insurance Out-of-work income Seguro Desemprego maintenance and support Seguro desemprego do trabalhador domestico Fundo de Garantia de Tempo do Servicio Notes: (*) For spending (LCU) and beneficiaries information program information collected by the World Bank team from individual sources used. For spending (% of GDP) category aggregates information form the Fundo de Amparo ao Trabalhador was used. 6 Chile 6.1 Social Assistance Conditional Cash Subsidio familiar Transfers (CCT) Garnatía Estatal de Pensión Mínima - Sobrevivencia Pension Basica Solidaria y Aporte Previsional Solidario - Vejez Pension Basica Solidaria y Aporte Previsional Solidario - Invalidez Social Pension Aporte Previsional Solidario - Vejez Aporte Previsional Solidario - Invalidez Pension Asistencial de Ancianidad e Invalidez Garnatía Estatal de Pensión Mínima - Vejez 47 Garnatía Estatal de Pensión Mínima - Invalidez Asignaciones Familiares Family allowances and Junta nacional de jardínes infantiles child benefits Servicio nacional de menores Education Benefits Beca Presidente de la República Disability Benefits Subsidio por Discapacidad Mental School feeding Junta Nacional de Auxilio Escolar Y Becas Programa nacional de alimentación complementaria Programa nacional de alimentación complementaria del adulto mayor Beca Estudiantes de Post Grado Fondo de Solidaridad e Inversión Social Programa 4 a 7: Mujer, Trabajo y Participación Programa de Mejoramiento Urbano y Equipamiento Comunal Servicio Nacional de la Mujer Instituto Nacional de la Juventud Other SSN Corporacion nacional de desarrollo indigena Fondo nacional de la discapacidad Fundación para la Superación de la Pobreza Fundación INTEGRA Fundación PRODEMU Fundación de la Familia Comision nacional del control de estupefacientes Programa de Seguridad y participación ciudadana 6.2 Labor Market Public employment Placement and related services services and Bolsa Nacional de Empleo 48 administration Línea de Intermediación Laboral (Transversal) Programa de Certificación de Competencias de Empleabilidad Programa de Reconversión Laboral Programa Ex Trabajadores Portuarios Puerto Lirquen Programa Red de Empleo Programa de Reinserción Laboral para Adultos (mayores de 0 años) Programa de Certificación y Evaluación de Competencias Laborales Programa Fortalecimiento de Oficinas Municipales de Información Laboral - OMIL Programa de Empleabilildad Juvenil Regular Institutional training Becas Para Trabajadores Capacitación especial de jóvenes Fondo de Capacitación para Trabajadores Independientes y Microempresas Programa Chile Emprende Programa de Becas Individuales Programa de Capacitación en Oficios Programa de Incentivo a las MYPE_Discapacitados Training Programa de Incentivo a las MYPE_E-Learning Programa de Incentivo a las MYPE_Especial MYPE Programa de Incentivo a las MYPE_normal Programa de Protección al Empleo y Capacitación Laboral Programa Jóvenes_Línea: Formación en Oficios Oficios: Apoyo y Capacitación para el Trabajo Programa de Capacitación y Educación Permanente Bono de Capacitación Trabajador Activo Programa de Educación y Capacitación Permanente, Chile Califica 49 Programa de Becas Regionales Programa de Aprendisaje Programa capacitación Plan Mas Trabajo Becas Fondo de Cesantía Solidario Capacitación para programa Empleo Directo Programa Desarrollo Competencias Laborales Mujeres Chile Solidario Programa Becas Micro y Pequeña Empresa Programa de Capacitación Laboral de Jóvenes Programa de Trab. Perceptores de Salario Mínimo Programa de Preparación para el trabajo Mujer Trabajadora Jefe de Hogar Programa Línea Formativa Programa de Formación y Capacitación de Mujeres Campesinas Promoción de la Empleabilidad y el Emprendimiento Workplace training Programa de aprendices Programa de Formación en el Puesto de Trabajo Bono de Capacitación Empresa & Negocio Alternate training Chile Jóven Programa de Formación, Capacitación y Empleo Programa Especial de Jóvenes Programa Jóvenes Bicentenario Programa de Apoyo al Empleo Sistema Chile Solidario Special support for apprenticeship Franquicia Tributaria para Capacitación Laboral 50 Programa Contrato de Aprendisaje Programa de Bonificación a la Contratación de mano de obra para jóvenes en riesgo social del sistema chile solidario - PROEMPLEO Chile Solidario Recruitment incentives Programa de Generación de Empleo Employment incentives Subsidio al Empleo Jóven Programa de Bonificación a la Capacitación - PROEMPLEO Regular Direct job creation Direct job creation Programa de Emergencia de Empleo Programa Inversión en la Comunidad - Programa de Empleo de Emergencia "Mejor Trabajo" Startup incentives Programa Generación Microemprendimiento Indigena Urbano Startup incentives Subsidio al Fomento de la Economía Indígena Urbana y Rural Programa Emprende Más Programa de Apoyo a Emprendimientos Sociales Notes: (*) For spending (LCU) and beneficiaries information program information collected by the World Bank team for m individual sources used. For spending (% of GDP) category aggregates information form the OEDC was used. 7 Colombia 7.1 Social Assistance Conditional Cash Familias en Acción Transfers (CCT) Programa de Protección Social al Adulto Mayor Fondo de Solidaridad Pensional-Subcuenta de Solidaridad Social Pension Programa de Subsidio de Aporte a Pensión (PSAP) Programa de Protección Social al Adulto Mayor (PPSAM) 51 Subsidio Monetario Cajas de Compensación Familiar Red para la Superación de la Pobreza Extrema - UNIDOS (antes JUNTOS). Componente acompañamiento familiar Hogares Comunitarios de Bienestar Hogares Comunitarios FAMI (Familia, mujer e infancia) Jardines Sociales Family allowances and Hogares Infantiles child benefits Jardines Comunitarios Lactantes y Preescolares Materno Infantil Recuperación Nutricional Clubes Juveniles y Prejuveniles Atención a Niños hasta los tres años, en establecimientos de Reclusión de Mujeres School feeding Programa de Alimentación Escolar Red de Seguridad Alimentaria (RESA) Programa de Alimentación al Adulto Mayor - Juan Luis Londoño de la Cuesta Alfabetización y educación básica para jóvenes y adultos iletrados Subsidio Crédito Acces del ICETEX Other SSN Atención a victimas de la violencia Raciones alimentarias de emergencia ICBF (desplazados) Familias Guardabosques Programa de Generación de Ingresos (Acción Social) Atención Inicial en Generación de Ingresos - PAI – GI. 7.2 Labor Market Public employment Placement and related services services and administration SENA servicios de Intermediación 52 SENA: Producción De Centros SENA: Diseño Curricular SENA: Centros De Formación SENA: Implantación De Programas Para La Innovación Y El Desarrollo Tecnolog. SENA: Fondo Emprender SENA: Jovenes En Acción SENA: Jovenes Rurales SENA: Capcitación Poblaciónes - Alcaldias Bogotá SENA: Normalizaciòn y Certificación De Competencias Laborales Training SENA: Capacitación Jóvenes en Acción - Atención a la Población Dezplazada SENA: Desarrollo Empresarial - Atención a la Población Desplazada SENA: Capacitación Centros Agropecuarios y Mineros - Atención A La Población Desplazada SENA: Empleo - Atención A La Población Desplazada SENA: Admon Educativa - Atención A La Población Desplazada SENA: Capacitación Población Desplazada SENA: Recursos Nación: Capacitación A Personas Desempleadas En Niveles Técnico, Tecnológico y Especializaciones Técnicas Del Plan 250 Mil A Través De Los Centros De Formación A Nivel Naciónal - DNP & Acción Social SENA: Ampliación De Cobertura en Formación Profesional Para Mejorar Las Posibilidades de Empleabilidad De Los Jovenes en Diferentes Ciudades A Nivel Nacional Recruitment incentives Employment incentives Programa de Apoyo Directo al Empleo (PADE) Direct job creation Direct job creation Programa de Empleo de Emergencia Empleo en Acción Startup incentives Startup incentives 53 Fondo Emprender Proyecto de Apoyo al Desarrollo de la Microempresa Rural (PADEMER) Out-of-work income Full unemployment benefits: Unemployment insurance maintenance and support Subsidio al desempleo (Superintendencia de Subsidio Familiar) 8 Ecuador 8.1 Social Assistance Conditional Cash Bono de Desarrollo Humano - Bono Solidario (de 1998 a 2003) Transfers (CCT) Social Pension Pensión para adultos mayores Hilando el desarrollo Erradicación de trabajo infantil Programa de Desarrollo Infantil Family allowances and Programa de Operación Rescate infantil child benefits Fondo de Desarrollo Infantil (FODI) Programa de Operación Rescate infantil Ecuador sin Niños en las Cárceles Pensión para discapacitados Bono para menores discapacitados Bono Joaquin Gallegos Lara Disability Benefits Misión Solidaria "Manuela Espejo" Ecuador Sin Barreras Insersión de personas con discapacidad Programa de Alimentación Escolar School feeding Programa Integrado de Micronutrientes Alimentate Ecuador (a partir de 2004) anteriormente se llamó Programa de Alimentación para el Desarrollo Other SSN Comunitario (PRADEC) que empezó en 2002 54 Acción Nutrición (Estrategia Interministerial) Complementación Alimentaria Programa Textos Escolares Bono matrícula para la eliminación del aporte voluntario Unidades Educativas del Milenio Programa Nacional de Educación Preescolar Bono de Emergencia Auxilio Funerales Cobertura de protección familiar (seguro de vida y servicios exequiales) Red de protección solidaria - familias con miembro con enfermedad catastrófica 8.2 Labor Market Public employment Placement and related services services and administration Socio Empleo Institutional training Programa de formación profesional del SECAP Seamos productivos Trabajemos Juntos SECAP Training Secretaría Técnica de Capacitación y Formación Profesional Workplace training Hilando al desarrollo Alternate training Mies Socio Pan Direct job creation Direct job creation Mi primer empleo 55 Full unemployment benefits: Unemployment insurance Out-of-work income Seguro de cesantía (IESS) maintenance and support Seguro de cesantía (ISSFA) 9 Honduras 9.1 Social Assistance Bono escolar de primero a sexto grado Apoyo Bono 10.000, Educación, Salud y Nutrición Bono escolar ampliado Bono Materno Infantil Conditional Cash Bono Nutricional Transfers (CCT) Bolson escolar Proyecto PRAF/BID Fase II/No. 1026 y 1568 (2006) PRAF/BID Fase III (Programa Integral de Protección Social-PIPS) Proyecto Apoyo Integral a la Red de Protección social BID No. 2096 (Año 2010/ Bono 10Mil) Bono de la Tercera Edad Social Pension Focalización niño(a)s Adolescentes en áreas Urbanas Family allowances and Desarrollo Integral de la Familia (Bono Familiar, Juvenil y a personas con capacidades especiales) child benefits Mano amiga/Mano Solidaria School feeding Programa Escuela Saludables Programa Nacional de Becas Programa Nacional de Alfabetización y Educación Básica de Jóvenes y Adultos (PRALEBAH) Matrícula gratis Other SSN Desarrollo Integral de la Mujer Jóvenes emprendedores Fomento Empresas Autogestionarias para Mujeres en zonas Rurales - PRAF (1993, 2005 y 2007) 56 Suplidoras de Abastecimiento Popular Comedores Solidarios 9.2 Labor Market Institutional training Instituto Nacional de Formación Profesional (INFOP) Sistema Público-Privado de Intermediación Laboral (PROEMPLEO - SPPIL) Training Workplace training Programa Entrenamiento para el Empleo PROEMPLEO - EPEM Special support for apprenticeship Mi Primer Empleo Out-of-work income Full unemployment benefits: Unemployment insurance maintenance and support Pre-aviso y Cesantía 10 Mexico 10.1 Social Assistance Conditional Cash Programa de Desarrollo Humano Oportunidades Transfers (CCT) Social Pension Programa de Atención a los Adultos Mayores de 70 años y más en Zonas Rurales (2009:70 y Más) Programas de Atención a Familias y Población Vulnerable Family and Child Programa para la Protección y el Desarrollo Integral de la Infancia Benefits Subprograma de Regularización Jurídica de Menores y Adopciones Subprograma para la Atención Integral a Niñas, Niños y Adolescentes en Desamparo Disability Benefits Programa de Atención a Personas con Discapacidad Programa de Abasto Rural a cargo de Diconsa Other SSN Programa de Apoyo Alimentario a cargo de Diconsa (cambia de nombre a Programa de Apoyo Alimentario) 57 Programa de Atención a los Adultos Mayores Programa Social de Abasto de Leche a cargo de Liconsa, S.A. de C.V. Modelo de Educación para la Vida y el Trabajo (INEA) Programa Atención a la Demanda de Educación para Adultos (INEA). (2009: Atención a la Demanda de Educación para Adultos (INEA) y Modelo de Educación para la Vida y el Trabajo (INEA). Programa Becas de apoyo a la Educación Básica de Madres Jóvenes y Jóvenes Embarazadas PROMAJOVEN Programa de Educación Preescolar y Primaria para Niñas y Niños de Familias Jornaleras Agrícolas Migrantes Programa Nacional de Becas para la Retención de Estudiantes de Educación Media Superior (no beneficiados por otros) (2010: Programa de Becas) Programa Nacional de Becas y Financiamiento Programas Albergues Escolares Indígenas (PAEI) Programa del Fondo para Atender a la Población Afectada por Contingencias Climatológicas Subprograma de Atención a Población Vulnerable en Campamentos Recreativos Jovenes por México Programa de Apoyos Directos al Campo (PROCAMPO) Programa de Atención a Jornaleros Agrícolas Subprograma de Atención a la Violencia Familiar y Maltrato al Menor 10.2 Labor Market Placement and related services Public employment services and Coordinación de acciones de vinculación entre los factores de la producción para apoyar el empleo (CAVFPAE) administration Servicio de Vinculación Laboral: Bolsa de Trabajo, Sistema Estatal de Empleo, Ferias de Empleo, SNE por Teléfono, Portal del Empleo. Workplace training Training Programas del Fondo Nacional para el Fomento de las Artesanías Alternate training 58 Programa de Apoyo al Empleo: Bécate, Fomento al Autoempleo, Movilidad Laboral, Sector Agrícola Movilidad Laboral, Sectores Industrial y de Servicios, Repatriados Trabajando, Programa de Trabajadores Agrícolas Temporales México-Canadá, Talleres para Buscadores de Empleo, Centros de Intermediación Laboral Recruitment incentives Programa de Primer Empleo Employment Incentives Employment maintenance incentives Programa de Atención a Situaciones de Contingencia Laboral Programa para la preservacion de empleo Direct Job Creation Direct Job Creation Programa de Empleo Temporal Startup incentives Fondo Nacional de Apoyos para Empresas en Solidaridad (FONAES) Programa Opciones Productivas Fondo para el Apoyo a Proyectos Productivos Startup incentives Programa de la Mujer en el Sector Agrario Programa de Coordinación para el Apoyo a la Producción Indígena Programa Fondos Regionales Indígenas Programa Organización Productiva para Mujeres Indígenas 11 Peru 11.1 Social Assistance Conditional Cash Juntos (Programa Nacional de Apoyo Directo a los más Pobres) Transfers (CCT) Social Pension Programa Gratitud Family and Child Wawa Wasi Benefits Programa Integral Nacional para el Bienestar Familiar 59 Vaso de Leche Programa Nacional de Asistencia Alimentaria (Complementación Alimentaria) Programa de Desayunos Escolares Programa de Comedores Populares School feeding Programa de Alimentación Complementaria para Grupos en Mayor Riesgo Comedor Infantil Almuerzos Escolares Programa Nacional de Asistencia Alimentaria (Programa Integral Nutricional) Programa de Alimentación y Nutrición de la Familia en Alto Riesgo Programa de Alimentación y Nutrición al Paciente Ambulatorio con Tuberculosis y Familia Programa de Alimentación y Nutrición del Menor en Estado de Abandono y Riesgo Nutricional Other SSN Proyecto PER 4808 Programa Nacional contra la Violencia Familiar y Sexual Fondo de Cooperación para el Desarrollo Social 11.2 Labor Market Institutional training Desarrollo de Habilidades no formales (FOMILENIO) Programa de formación profesional para población en condiciones de vulnerabilidad Programa Formación Continua Área Técnica Training Programa de formación profesional de jóvenes Programa de Formación a trabajadores de empresas Programa Hábil Técnico Permanente (HTP) Pack Empresariales Alternate training 60 Programa Formación Continua “Desarrollo de Competencias Gerenciales" Programa de formación inicial: modalidad empresa-centro. Direct job creation Direct job creation Programa de Apoyo Temporal al Ingreso (PATI-URBANO) Programa de Apoyo Temporal al Ingreso en municipios afectados por Ida (PATI-IDA) 12 El Salvador 12.1 Social Assistance Comunidades Solidarias Rurales (antes Red Solidaria) Red Solidaria Conditional Cash Comunidades Solidarias Urbanas Transfers (CCT) Bono Educación Bono Salud Social Pension Pensión Basica Universal para personas adultas mayores School feeding Programa de Alimentacion Escolar Programa de Agricultura Familiar Complemento Nutricional para Niños Menores de 3 años en Municipios Prioritarios Plan de Atencion Nutricional en Municipios afectados por la crisis del Café Nutriendo con Amor Centros Rurales de Salud y Nutrición Other SSN Fase de Emergencia Post Tormenta IDA Fondo de Prevención y Mitigación de Desastres Becas Escolares para Estudiantes de Educación Media Programa de Becas FANTEL Becas FOMILENIO 61 Paquete Escolar Programa Cerrando la Brecha del Conocimiento 13 Uruguay 13.1 Social Assistance Conditional Cash Ingreso Ciudadano (PANES) Transfers (CCT) Asignaciones Familiares Social Pension Pensiones no contributivas por vejez e invalidez Family and Child Centros de Atención a la Primera Infancia Benefits Protección Integral a la Infancia y la Adolescencia Disability Benefits Procladis School feeding Programa de Alimentación escolar Tarjeta Uruguay Social Programa de atención a los sin techo Other SSN Programa Jóvenes en Red Uruguay Crece Contigo 13.2 Labor Market Public employment Placement and related services services and Servicios de Intermediación Laboral administration Centros publicos de empleo Institutional training Programa de capacitación laboral Training Programa de reconversión laboral Programa de Capacitación productiva 62 Alternate training Opción Jóven PROJOVEN Capacitación y Formación Socio-laboral Primera Experiencia laboral Recruitment incentives Employment incentives Programa Objetivo Empleo / Programa de incentivo a las empresas privadas para la contratación de desempleados de larga duración en situación de pobreza Supported employment Rehabilitation and rehabilitation Proyecto de capacitación laboral de personas con discapacidad Direct job creation Direct job creation Uruguay Trabaja Trabajo por Uruguay (PANES) Out-of-work income Full unemployment benefits: Unemployment insurance maintenance and support Seguro de Desempleo 63 Annex B: Administrative data selected graphs and tables46 14 Regional Overview 14.1 Social Assistance Figure 26: Public spending on social assistance, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER SLV URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 27: Public spending on social assistance, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER SLV URY 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 46 Due to the rounding some numbers in this section appear as zeroes (0.000). Complete data available upon request. 64 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 3: Public spending on social assistance, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 0.218 0.207 0.207 0.423 0.541 0.619 0.661 0.803 0.844 1.150 1.536 BRA 1.427 1.651 1.727 1.843 1.927 2.070 2.218 2.218 2.223 2.492 2.486 CHL 0.711 0.916 0.908 1.402 1.257 1.292 1.151 1.200 1.219 2.091 1.959 COL 0.000 0.009 0.565 0.637 0.657 0.683 0.680 0.786 0.912 0.961 0.826 ECU 0.000 0.694 0.683 0.683 0.620 0.508 0.838 1.361 1.434 1.629 1.783 HND 0.120 0.134 0.250 0.295 0.137 0.215 0.304 0.426 0.399 0.369 0.540 MEX 0.151 0.185 0.250 0.334 0.339 0.366 0.483 0.613 0.586 0.711 0.757 PER 0.219 0.228 0.217 0.262 0.240 0.268 0.255 0.484 0.474 0.467 0.474 SLV 0.100 0.100 0.200 0.108 0.109 0.122 0.144 0.180 0.446 0.596 0.863 URY 0.599 0.624 0.627 0.712 0.730 0.968 1.117 0.940 0.883 1.016 0.984 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 28: Public spending on social assistance, percent of GDP, 2000, 2005 and 2010 % GDP 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 2000 2000 2005 2010 2000 2005 2010 2000 2005 2010 2000 2005 2010 2000 2005 2010 2000 2005 2010 2000 2005 2010 2000 2005 2010 2005 2010 2000 2005 2010 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER SLV URY CCTs School feeding Other food prog Family allowances Social pension Other SSN Disability benefits LAC Avg 00 LAC Avg 05 LAC Avg 10 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 65 Table 4: Public spending on social assistance, percent of GDP, 2000, 2005 and 2010 Other Family Disabili Educati LAC School Social Funeral Special Emergenc Other Other Total CCTs food &Child ty on SA feeding pension allowance benefits y benefits SSN SSN SN prog. benefits benefits benefits Average 2000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.22 0.34 ARG 2005 0.09 0.00 0.14 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.00 0.03 0.11 0.01 0.00 0.15 0.62 0.72 2010 0.57 0.00 0.13 0.03 0.26 0.36 0.02 0.00 0.15 0.02 0.00 0.19 1.53 1.17 2000 0.00 0.08 0.00 1.15 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 1.43 0.34 BRA 2005 0.32 0.06 0.01 1.43 0.03 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 2.12 0.72 2010 0.39 0.08 0.01 1.64 0.00 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 2.49 1.17 2000 0.09 0.00 0.06 0.44 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.71 0.34 CHL 2005 0.07 0.18 0.04 0.39 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.19 0.00 1.29 0.72 2010 0.14 0.33 0.04 0.65 0.43 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.09 0.00 0.25 0.00 1.96 1.17 2000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.34 COL 2005 0.07 0.07 0.03 0.10 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.07 0.68 0.72 2010 0.35 0.00 0.04 0.10 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.83 1.17 2000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.34 ECU 2005 0.42 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.51 0.72 2010 0.80 0.11 0.04 0.28 0.28 0.08 0.03 0.07 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.19 1.78 1.17 2000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.34 HND 2005 0.13 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.21 0.72 2010 0.26 0.15 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.54 1.17 2000 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.34 MEX 2005 0.32 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.36 0.72 2010 0.48 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.08 0.12 0.29 1.17 2000 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.34 PER 2005 0.04 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.72 2010 0.14 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.47 1.17 2000 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.34 SLV 2005 0.00 0.10 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.72 2010 0.10 0.10 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.40 0.10 0.86 1.17 2000 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.50 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.34 URY 2005 0.37 0.11 0.00 0.42 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.97 0.72 2010 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.98 1.17 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 66 Figure 29: Composition of public spending on social assistance, 2010 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER SLV URY CCTs School Feeding Social Pension Family and Child Benefits Disability Benefits Other Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 30: Public spending on social assistance, percent of total government spending47, 2000-2010 % Government Spending 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER SLV URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 47 Total government spending refers to general government final consumption expenditure (World Bank national accounts data), which includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation. 67 Figure 31: Public spending on social assistance, percent of total government spending, 2000-2010 % Government Spending 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER SLV URY 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 5: Public spending on social assistance, percent of total government spending, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 1.58 1.46 1.69 3.69 4.85 5.19 5.32 6.21 6.27 7.57 10.29 BRA 2.27 2.85 3.01 3.48 4.04 4.48 4.90 4.95 5.11 5.41 5.51 CHL 5.74 7.31 7.12 11.68 11.02 12.22 11.58 11.64 10.86 16.58 16.32 COL 0.00 0.05 3.49 4.03 4.17 4.27 4.34 5.06 5.97 6.07 5.09 ECU 0.00 6.73 6.29 5.92 5.45 4.54 7.57 11.92 13.05 13.25 15.19 HND 0.90 0.91 1.67 1.98 0.92 1.38 2.03 2.57 2.33 2.01 2.97 MEX 1.56 1.80 2.24 2.82 3.15 3.39 4.65 5.95 5.59 6.09 5.95 PER 2.07 2.14 2.14 2.55 2.41 2.67 2.68 5.39 5.28 4.53 4.64 SLV 0.60 0.70 1.40 1.08 0.89 1.23 1.64 2.76 4.69 5.34 12.04 URY 4.84 5.00 5.08 5.09 5.32 5.51 5.35 4.49 7.23 7.77 7.79 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 68 Figure 32: Public spending on social assistance, percent of total government spending, by type of program, 2000, 2005 and 2010 % Total Government Spending 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2010 2005 2000 2000 2005 2010 2000 2005 2010 2000 2005 2010 2000 2005 2010 2000 2005 2010 2000 2005 2000 2005 2010 2000 2010 2000 2005 2010 2005 2010 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER SLV URY CCTs School feeding Other food prog Child benfits Social pension Other SSN Disability benefits LAC Avg 00 LAC Avg 05 LAC Avg 10 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 69 Table 6: Composition of public spending on social assistance, percent of total government spending, 2000, 2005 and 2010 Other School food Social Child Disability Funeral Education Special Emergency Other Other Total LAC SA CCTs feeding prog. pension benefits benefits allowance Benefits benefits benefits SSN SSN SN Average 2000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.23 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.97 1.58 1.87 ARG 2005 0.79 0.00 1.17 0.58 0.67 0.72 0.00 0.27 0.95 0.05 0.00 1.27 5.19 4.50 2010 3.82 0.00 0.87 0.21 1.74 2.38 0.14 0.02 0.98 0.10 0.00 1.25 10.26 8.27 2000 0.00 0.40 0.00 0.80 0.00 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 2.27 1.87 BRA 2005 1.49 0.30 0.05 1.27 0.15 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.13 0.15 4.64 4.50 2010 1.80 0.38 0.04 1.62 0.00 1.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.19 5.51 8.27 2000 0.72 0.00 0.45 3.53 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 5.74 1.87 CHL 2005 0.63 1.71 0.37 3.67 3.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.69 0.00 1.81 2.50 12.22 4.50 2010 1.15 2.76 0.33 5.41 3.69 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.00 2.12 2.87 16.32 8.27 2000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.87 COL 2005 0.45 0.44 0.18 0.61 2.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.13 0.00 0.43 4.27 4.50 2010 2.14 0.00 0.23 0.61 1.82 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.19 0.01 0.00 0.29 5.09 8.27 2000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.87 ECU 2005 3.74 0.37 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 4.54 4.50 2010 6.80 0.96 0.37 2.38 2.36 0.70 0.26 0.60 0.75 0.01 0.00 1.62 15.19 8.27 2000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.87 HND 2005 0.86 0.01 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.26 1.38 4.50 2010 1.40 0.85 0.01 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.56 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.56 2.97 8.27 2000 1.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.56 1.87 MEX 2005 3.01 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.20 3.39 4.50 2010 3.42 0.00 0.44 0.85 0.17 0.02 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.08 0.70 1.06 5.95 8.27 2000 0.00 1.65 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.07 1.87 PER 2005 0.44 1.77 0.00 0.00 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.67 4.50 2010 1.38 2.53 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.32 4.64 8.27 2000 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.60 1.87 SLV 2005 0.00 0.70 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.10 0.29 1.23 4.50 2010 0.80 0.90 2.36 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.62 7.16 7.78 12.04 8.27 2000 0.00 0.43 0.00 4.08 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.84 1.87 URY 2005 0.00 0.98 0.00 3.88 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.51 4.50 2010 3.06 0.00 0.00 3.92 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.05 7.79 8.27 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 70 14.2 Labor Market Programs Figure 33: Public spending on labor market programs, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER SLV URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 34: Public spending on labor market programs, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER URY 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 71 Table 7: Public spending on labor market programs, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 0.164 0.187 0.804 1.066 0.822 0.654 0.494 0.347 0.265 0.393 0.472 BRA 0.501 0.859 0.656 0.899 0.911 1.093 CHL 0.250 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.340 0.490 0.640 COL 0.001 0.065 0.298 0.222 0.262 0.252 0.269 0.258 0.267 0.291 0.345 ECU 0.198 0.114 0.073 0.072 0.066 0.058 0.064 0.076 0.105 0.169 0.195 HND 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.189 0.193 0.199 0.197 MEX 0.042 0.043 0.067 0.055 0.051 0.040 0.055 0.053 0.083 0.073 PER 0.009 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.061 0.063 0.057 0.040 0.049 URY 0.400 0.482 0.568 0.313 0.178 0.168 0.192 0.209 0.241 0.357 0.338 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 35: Composition of public spending on labor market programs, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Unemployment benefits ALMP 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 72 Table 8: Composition of public spending on labor market programs, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 UI 0.107 0.130 0.150 0.071 0.035 0.034 0.046 0.047 0.045 0.053 0.043 ARG ALMP 0.057 0.056 0.653 0.995 0.787 0.619 0.448 0.299 0.220 0.340 0.429 UI 0.335 0.380 0.401 0.428 0.453 0.521 BRA ALMP 0.166 0.479 0.255 0.471 0.458 0.572 UI 0.050 0.080 0.110 0.120 0.160 0.220 0.190 CHI ALMP 0.200 0.200 0.170 0.160 0.180 0.270 0.450 UI 0.011 0.019 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.027 COL ALMP 0.001 0.065 0.298 0.222 0.251 0.233 0.256 0.246 0.254 0.277 0.318 UI 0.183 0.101 0.057 0.060 0.054 0.044 0.050 0.053 0.070 0.132 0.161 ECU ALMP 0.015 0.013 0.016 0.011 0.012 0.014 0.014 0.023 0.035 0.037 0.034 UI HND ALMP 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.189 0.193 0.199 0.197 UI MEX ALMP 0.042 0.043 0.067 0.055 0.051 0.040 0.055 0.053 0.083 0.073 UI PER ALMP 0.009 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.061 0.063 0.057 0.040 0.049 UI 0.400 0.482 0.568 0.313 0.178 0.168 0.192 0.209 0.213 0.320 0.312 URY ALMP 0.028 0.038 0.026 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 36: Composition of public spending on labor market programs, percent of GDP, 2010 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER URY Placement and related services Institutional training Workplace training Alternate training Special support for apprenticeship Recruitment incentives Employment maintenance incentives Supported employment Rehabilitation Direct job creation Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 73 Figure 37: Public spending on labor market programs, percent of total government spending, 2000-2010 % Government Spending 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER SLV URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 38: Public spending on labor market programs, percent of total government spending, 2000-2010 % Government Spending 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER SLV URY 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 74 Table 9: Public spending on labor market programs, percent of total government spending, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 1.19 1.32 6.54 9.26 7.37 5.48 3.99 2.66 1.89 2.54 3.14 BRA 2.22 2.31 2.34 2.56 2.63 2.73 4.07 4.39 4.56 5.35 3.95 CHL 0.17 0.22 0.19 0.24 1.85 2.54 3.21 3.20 3.62 4.11 4.22 COL 0.01 0.39 0.50 0.14 0.33 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.21 0.26 0.21 ECU 2.07 1.11 0.67 0.61 0.58 0.52 0.58 0.67 0.95 1.38 1.66 HND 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 1.14 1.13 1.08 1.08 MEX 0.00 0.40 0.39 0.56 0.51 0.47 0.39 0.52 0.50 0.69 0.63 PER 0.08 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.65 0.70 0.64 0.39 0.48 SLV 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 URY 3.24 3.86 4.60 2.61 1.62 1.53 1.72 1.86 2.02 2.73 2.68 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 15 Program level 15.1 Social Assistance Programs Figure 39: Public spending on CCT programs, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER SAL URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 75 Table 10: Public spending on CCT programs, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 0.024 0.071 0.075 0.094 0.098 0.144 0.183 0.262 0.570 BRA 0.062 0.153 0.197 0.286 0.316 0.330 0.339 0.351 0.391 0.391 CHL 0.090 0.087 0.089 0.083 0.076 0.067 0.059 0.068 0.096 0.134 0.138 COL 0.009 0.043 0.103 0.065 0.072 0.057 0.167 0.249 0.280 0.347 ECU 0.692 0.555 0.592 0.529 0.419 0.365 0.700 0.627 0.771 0.799 HND 0.114 0.128 0.126 0.122 0.106 0.133 0.115 0.140 0.148 0.112 0.255 MEX 0.151 0.185 0.250 0.296 0.299 0.324 0.323 0.325 0.343 0.393 0.480 PER 0.044 0.057 0.148 0.144 0.150 0.141 SLV 0.100 0.100 0.100 URY 0.102 0.145 0.366 0.520 0.434 0.351 0.428 0.387 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 40: Beneficiaries of CCT programs, percent of population, 2000-2010 % Population 45.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA COL ECU HND MEX PER URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Argentina: Asignación Universal por Hijo para la Protección Social; Brazil: Bolsa Família; Colombia: Familias en Acción; Colombia: Familias en Acción; Ecuador: Bono de Desarrollo Humano; Honduras Bolson escolar and Proyecto PRAF/BID Fase II/No. 1026 y 1568 (2006); Mexico: Programa de Desarrollo Humano Oportunidades; Peru: Juntos; Uruguay Asignaciones Familiares no contributivas - Plan de Equidad Ley 18.227, Asignaciones Familiares no contributivas - Ley 17.139 and Asignaciones Familiares no contributivas - Ley 17.758. Table 11: Beneficiaries of CCT programs, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 ARG BRA 16200000 28916091 38281958 CHL COL 1443222 1578515 1497848 2315259 ECU 4848930 4572670 4470652 5481522 3781372 4078282 HND 232736 315691 119881 137298 126926 259357 MEX 12382150 15580210 21624000 21624000 25000000 24500000 PER SLV URY 108956 107705 222928 76 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 3410244 3513064 BRA 48249564 46380919 43287783 50720751 52390702 CHL COL 3147260 7247448 7943684 11600000 11700000 ECU 4405536 4526851 4553797 5601969 5314761 HND 66666 152765 170265 110000 70000 MEX 25000000 25000000 25246030 26046795 27246646 PER 875732 1941869 2312701 2252855 2593311 SLV URY 222715 216952 381211 400440 420128 Notes: Ibid. Table 12: Beneficiaries of CCT programs, percent of population, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 8.5 8.7 BRA 8.9 15.7 20.6 25.6 24.4 22.6 26.2 26.8 CHL COL 3.5 3.8 3.5 5.4 7.2 16.3 17.6 25.3 25.2 ECU 38.7 35.8 34.3 41.3 27.9 29.6 31.4 31.7 31.4 38 35.4 HND 3.7 5 1.8 2.1 1.9 3.8 0.9 2.1 2.3 1.5 0.9 MEX 11.9 14.8 20.3 20 22.9 22.1 22.3 22 22 22.4 23.1 PER 3.1 6.9 8.1 7.8 8.9 SLV URY 3.3 3.2 6.7 6.7 6.5 11.4 11.9 12.5 Notes: Ibid. Figure 41: Public spending on social pensions, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER SLV URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 77 Table 13: Public spending on social pensions, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 0.019 0.020 0.017 0.042 0.065 0.069 0.069 0.059 0.045 0.041 0.031 BRA 1.145 1.260 1.291 1.369 1.371 1.433 1.526 1.516 1.500 1.676 1.641 CHL 0.440 0.438 0.439 0.423 0.389 0.388 0.370 0.240 0.298 0.638 0.649 COL 0.065 0.101 0.101 0.098 0.091 0.086 0.094 0.097 0.099 ECU 0.074 0.141 0.154 0.215 0.279 HND 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.012 0.009 0.012 0.014 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.013 MEX 0.053 0.051 0.104 0.099 PER 0.000 SLV URY 0.504 0.509 0.502 0.446 0.415 0.424 0.430 0.423 0.438 0.485 0.495 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 42: Beneficiaries of social pensions, percent of population, 2000-2010 % Population 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA COL ECU HND MEX PER URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Argentina: Plan Mayores and Pensión no contributiva a la vejez; Brazil: Previdência Rural and Benefício de Prestação Continuada (LOAS) and Renda Mensal Vitalícia; Colombia: Programa de Protección Social al Adulto Mayor; Ecuador: Pensión para adultos mayores; Honduras: Bono de la Tercera Edad; Mexico: Programa de Atención a los Adultos Mayores de 70 años y más en Zonas Rurales; Peru: Programa Gratitud; Uruguay: Pensiones no contributivas por vejez e invalidez. 78 Table 14: Beneficiaries of social pensions, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 ARG 42374 41221 40523 113450 137103 135218 BRA 11200000 11500000 12000000 12300000 12800000 13200000 CHL COL 160182 308835 359719 ECU 249585 240103 218292 211175 HND 11235 11167 12334 32514 24166 35738 MEX PER SLV URY 64965 63941 6417 64585 65518 66956 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 144633 117388 81021 67684 50656 BRA 13600000 14000000 14600000 15100000 15600000 CHL COL 440211 825634 886211 949956 993950 ECU 198056 243852 274522 371261 496899 HND 46666 46666 54453 52493 61528 MEX 1000000 1863945 2050626 2105306 PER 2268 SLV 6487 8019 URY 69359 71618 75667 7843 8289 Notes: Ibid. Table 15: Beneficiaries of social pensions, percent of population, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 BRA 6.4 6.5 6.7 6.8 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.0 CHL COL 0.4 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 ECU 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.9 2.5 3.3 HND 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 MEX 0.9 1.6 1.8 1.8 PER SLV 0.1 0.1 URY 2.0 1.9 0.2 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.3 0.2 0.2 Notes: Ibid. 79 Figure 43: Spending on family and child benefits, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER SLV URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 16: Spending on family and child benefits, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 0.032 0.036 0.033 0.041 0.066 0.079 0.102 0.137 0.164 0.233 0.260 BRA 0.031 0.104 0.084 0.050 0.029 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.000 CHL 0.124 0.331 0.327 0.435 0.381 0.344 0.291 0.346 0.311 0.476 0.429 COL 0.405 0.373 0.351 0.345 0.327 0.320 0.349 0.363 0.296 ECU 0.281 0.339 0.315 0.236 0.277 HND 0.002 0.019 0.011 0.015 0.025 0.019 0.016 0.008 0.013 MEX 0.006 0.016 0.021 0.019 PER 0.044 0.053 0.045 0.045 0.041 0.046 0.043 0.039 0.032 0.036 0.041 SLV URY 0.041 0.050 0.049 0.056 0.063 0.071 0.069 0.082 0.089 0.096 0.095 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 80 Figure 44: Spending on disability benefits, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER SLV URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 17: Spending on disability benefits, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 0.033 0.036 0.032 0.041 0.066 0.086 0.106 0.146 0.170 0.279 0.356 BRA 0.194 0.214 0.219 0.232 0.230 0.246 0.271 0.275 0.278 0.314 0.321 CHL 0.006 0.013 0.013 COL ECU 0.002 0.007 0.014 0.037 0.083 HND MEX 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.002 PER SLV URY 0.000 0.000 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 81 Figure 45: Beneficiaries of disability benefits, percent of population, 2000-2010 % Population 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA COL ECU* ECU** ECU*** ECU**** MEX PER URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Argentina: Pensión no contributiva por discapacidad; Brazil: Benefício de Prestação Continuada (LOAS) & Renda Mensal Vitalícia, Benefício de Prestação Continuada (LOAS), Renda Mensal Vitalícia; Ecuador: (*) Pensión para discapacitados, (**) Bono para menores discapacitados, (***) Bono de Vivenda "Manuela Espejo", (****) Insersión de personas con discapacidad; Mexico: Programa de Atención a Personas con Discapacidad; Uruguay: Procladis. Table 18: Beneficiaries of disability benefits, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 ARG 74485 76851 78977 81539 113651 132532 BRA 1316363 1345627 1412929 1439539 1497928 1552476 CHL COL ECU* ECU** ECU*** ECU**** HND MEX 400342 379273 379273 PER SLV URY 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 173677 230847 297335 452596 575526 BRA 1604451 1669140 1771831 1862932 1994195 CHL COL ECU* 5039 19923 22915 39344 65780 ECU** 1458 6728 18381 ECU*** 2256 ECU**** 2791 3955 1039 HND MEX 445476 PER SLV URY 135 90 Notes: Ibid. 82 Table 19: Beneficiaries of disability benefits, percent of population, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.30 0.34 0.45 0.59 0.75 1.13 1.43 BRA 0.75 0.76 0.79 0.79 0.81 0.83 0.85 0.88 0.92 0.96 1.02 CHL COL ECU* 0.04 0.14 0.16 0.27 0.44 ECU** 0.01 0.05 0.12 ECU*** 0.02 ECU**** 0.02 0.03 0.01 HND MEX 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.38 PER SLV URY 0.00 0.00 Notes: Ibid. Figure 46: Spending on school feeding programs, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 BRA CHL COL ECU HND PER SLV URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 20: Spending on school feeding programs, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA 0.076 0.071 0.057 0.056 0.053 0.059 0.063 0.057 0.049 0.063 0.083 CHL 0.231 0.196 0.181 0.145 0.216 0.197 0.345 0.332 COL 0.048 0.052 0.057 0.070 0.093 0.092 0.103 0.115 ECU 0.096 0.050 0.050 0.041 0.058 0.083 0.102 0.104 0.112 HND 0.116 0.105 0.001 0.001 0.097 0.127 0.132 0.150 0.154 MEX PER 0.175 0.176 0.172 0.217 0.199 0.178 0.152 0.253 0.260 0.261 0.258 SLV 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 URY 0.053 0.064 0.076 0.108 0.107 0.107 0.099 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 83 Figure 47: Beneficiaries of school feeding programs, percent of population, 2000-2010 % Population 30.00 25.00 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 BRA COL ECU* HND PER*** SLV ECU** PER**** PER***** Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Brazil: Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar; Colombia: Programa de Alimentación Escolar and Programa de Desayunos Infantiles con Amor (DIA); Ecuador: (*) Programa de Alimentación Escolar, (**) Programa Integrado de Micronutrientes; Honduras: Programa Escuela Saludables; Peru: (***) Vaso de Leche, (****) Programa Nacional de Asistencia Alimentaria (Complementación Alimentaria), (*****) Programa Nacional de Asistencia Alimentaria (Programa Integral Nutricional). Table 21: Beneficiaries of school feeding programs, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 ARG BRA 37100000 37100000 36900000 37300000 37800000 36400000 CHL COL 2307839 2820915 3129647 3792583 ECU* 1423568 1546066 1342038 1303823 ECU** 796194 822429 447371 402452 331832 HND 903614.5 903614.5 1204819 1204819 MEX PER*** 3292215 3196233 PER**** PER***** SLV 349177 551312 659201 715762 757770 769337 URY 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA 36300000 35700000 34600000 47000000 45600000 CHL COL 4406217 4830678 5049696 5436632 5820345 ECU* 1309801 1339122 1389796 1583572 1448930 ECU** 335171 220411 837484 431805 477286 HND 1204819 1241934 1290278 1298975 1325301 MEX PER*** 1985101 1978073 1890157 1961234 1768049 PER**** 740784 445206 350415 348234 336735 PER***** 0 3708079 3921121 3792559 3832984 SLV 710626 703088 877041 1310286 1316779 URY Notes: Ibid. 84 Table 22: Beneficiaries of school feeding programs, percent of population, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA 21.3 21.0 20.6 20.5 20.5 19.6 19.3 18.8 18.0 24.3 23.4 CHL COL 5.6 6.7 7.4 8.8 10.1 10.9 11.2 11.9 12.5 ECU** 10.9 11.6 9.9 9.5 9.3 9.4 9.6 10.7 9.7 ECU*** 6.2 6.3 3.4 3.0 2.4 2.4 1.5 5.8 2.9 3.2 HND 13.9 13.6 17.8 17.5 17.1 17.3 17.6 17.4 17.4 MEX PER**** 12.2 11.5 7.1 7.0 6.6 6.8 6.0 PER***** 2.6 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 PER****** 13.1 13.7 13.1 13.1 SLV 5.9 9.2 11.0 11.9 12.5 12.7 11.7 11.5 14.3 21.2 21.2 URY Notes: Ibid. Figure 48: Public spending on other programs, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER SLV URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 23: Public spending on other programs, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 0.133 0.115 0.101 0.228 0.269 0.291 0.285 0.318 0.282 0.336 0.315 BRA 0.011 0.074 0.056 0.068 0.029 0.039 0.034 0.033 0.046 0.047 0.051 CHL 0.057 0.059 0.053 0.230 0.216 0.312 0.285 0.330 0.312 0.485 0.399 COL 0.004 0.007 0.083 0.097 0.112 0.121 0.117 0.106 0.085 ECU 0.002 0.032 0.041 0.041 0.048 0.057 0.091 0.223 0.266 0.234 HND 0.037 0.010 0.054 0.054 0.128 0.090 0.086 0.105 MEX 0.039 0.039 0.034 0.155 0.231 0.187 0.207 0.176 PER 0.003 0.045 0.037 0.020 0.033 SLV 0.100 0.008 0.009 0.022 0.044 0.080 0.246 0.396 0.663 URY 0.006 0.007 0.006 Notes: The date includes only central government level programs 85 15.2 Labor Market Programs Figure 49: Public spending on placement and related services, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU MEX PER Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 24: Public spending on placement and related services, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 0.0015 0.0028 0.0041 0.0039 BRA 0.0036 0.0036 0.0034 0.0030 0.0041 0.0034 0.0023 CHL 0.0002 0.0047 0.0022 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0009 0.0029 0.0032 0.0049 COL 0.0831 0.0797 0.0655 0.0549 0.0504 0.0504 0.0502 0.0531 0.0386 ECU 0.0013 0.0019 HND MEX 0.0001 PER 0.0087 0.0043 0.0052 0.0044 0.0042 0.0041 0.0041 0.0052 0.0128 0.0140 URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 86 Figure 50: Public spending on institutional training, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG CHL COL ECU HND MEX Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 25: Public spending on institutional training, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 0.0001 0.0000 0.0011 0.0105 0.0077 0.0067 0.0083 0.0266 0.0400 0.0480 0.0583 BRA 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0045 0.0054 0.0037 CHL 0.0008 0.0007 0.0032 0.0026 0.0001 0.0114 0.0205 0.0228 0.0388 0.0503 0.0440 COL 0.1571 0.1584 0.2018 0.1915 0.2108 0.2035 0.2144 0.2424 0.3106 ECU 0.0154 0.0134 0.0159 0.0115 0.0122 0.0142 0.0143 0.0223 0.0308 0.0299 0.0292 HND 0.0019 0.0025 0.0016 0.0023 0.1775 0.1752 0.1784 0.1805 MEX PER URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 51: Public spending on workplace training, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG CHL HND MEX Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 87 Table 26: Public spending on workplace training, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 0.0000 0.0005 0.0001 BRA CHL 0.0007 0.0149 COL ECU HND 0.0003 0.0008 0.0046 0.0030 0.0045 MEX 0.0018 0.0003 0.0004 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.0007 0.0007 PER URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 52: Public spending on alternate training, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG CHL MEX Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 27: Public spending on alternate trainings percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 0.0007 0.0000 0.0020 BRA CHL 0.0030 0.0041 0.0036 0.0028 0.0024 0.0021 0.0018 0.0017 0.0112 0.0094 0.0117 COL ECU HND MEX 0.0143 0.0110 0.0128 0.0094 0.0086 0.0135 0.0122 0.0105 PER URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 88 Figure 53: Public spending on special support for apprenticeship, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CHL HND Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 28: Public spending on special support for apprenticeship, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA CHL 0.0857 0.1288 0.1504 0.1219 0.0711 0.1188 0.1314 0.1333 0.1441 0.1511 0.1325 COL ECU HND 0.0106 0.0128 0.0173 0.0121 MEX PER URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 54: Public spending on recruitment incentives, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG CHL MEX PER Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 89 Table 29: Public spending on recruitment incentives, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 BRA CHL 0.0511 0.0552 0.0508 0.0542 0.0803 0.0880 COL ECU HND MEX 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003 PER 0.0608 0.0593 0.0522 0.0272 0.0350 URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 55 Public spending on employment maintenance incentives, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA MEX Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 30: Public spending on employment maintenance incentives, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 0.0264 0.0330 0.0642 0.0008 0.0010 0.0017 0.0014 0.0017 0.0034 0.0014 BRA 0.1067 0.1165 0.1489 0.1690 0.1848 0.2020 0.2116 CHL COL ECU HND MEX 0.0002 0.0075 0.0007 PER URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 90 Figure 56: Public spending on supported employment, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 31: Public spending on supported employment, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 0.0045 0.0034 0.0009 0.0014 0.0014 0.0045 0.0051 0.0450 0.0353 BRA 0.0010 0.0018 0.0015 0.0013 0.0012 0.0014 0.0008 CHL COL ECU HND MEX PER URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 57: Public spending on direct job creation, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG CHL COL ECU MEX URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 91 Table 32: Public spending on direct job creation, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 0.0306 0.0223 0.5836 0.9815 0.7776 0.6104 0.4364 0.2654 0.1702 0.2390 0.3281 BRA CHL 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 COL 0.0014 0.0556 0.0518 0.0048 0.0007 0.0003 ECU 0.0009 0.0040 0.0062 0.0032 HND MEX 0.0216 0.0186 0.0160 0.0101 0.0121 0.0069 0.0187 0.0206 PER URY 0.0283 0.0377 0.0260 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 58: Public spending on start-up incentives, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 BRA CHL COL MEX Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 33: Public spending on start-up incentives, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA 0.0543 0.3571 0.1008 0.2970 0.2635 0.3602 0.2851 CHL 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003 0.0038 0.0047 0.0034 COL 0.0037 0.0069 0.0057 0.0062 0.0056 0.0034 0.0060 0.0079 ECU HND MEX 0.0290 0.0249 0.0213 0.0206 0.0333 0.0316 0.0436 0.0407 PER URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 92 Figure 59: Public spending on out-of-work income maintenance and support, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG BRA CHL COL ECU URY Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 34: Public spending on out-of-work income maintenance and support, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ARG 0.1066 0.1302 0.1502 0.0707 0.0353 0.0342 0.0464 0.0475 0.0449 0.0533 0.0426 BRA 0.3669 0.3885 0.3930 0.3908 0.3706 0.4020 0.6297 0.6752 0.6830 0.8525 0.5564 CHL 0.0098 0.0528 0.0805 0.1050 0.1187 0.1504 0.2121 0.1794 COL 0.0114 0.0189 0.0122 0.0123 0.0127 0.0141 0.0265 ECU 0.1830 0.1008 0.0572 0.0601 0.0542 0.0435 0.0498 0.0528 0.0698 0.1318 0.1606 HND MEX PER URY 0.4004 0.4819 0.5681 0.3131 0.1782 0.1676 0.1924 0.2093 0.2126 0.3195 0.3122 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 93 16 Country Figure 60: Composition of social assistance spending as share of GDP by country, 2000 to 2010 Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecaudor Honduras Mexico Peru El Salvador Uruguay CCTs 2.00 0.00 School feeding Other food prog Social pension Family and child benefits Disability benefits Funeral allowance Education benefits 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Special benefits Emergency benefits Other SSN Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 94 16.1 Argentina 16.1.1 Overall Figure 61: Argentina’s public spending on social protection by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Argentina 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Labor Market Social Assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 62: Argentina’s public spending on social protection by program area, percent of total government spending, 2000-2010 % Total Government Spending Argentina 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Labor Market Social Assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 95 16.1.2 Social Assistance Figure 63: Argentina’s public spending on social assistance by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Argentina 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 2.00 0.00 School feeding Other food prog Social pension Child benefits Disability benefits Funeral allowance Education benefits 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Special benefits Emergency benefits Other SSN Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 35: Argentina’s public spending on social assistance by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 0.024 0.071 0.075 0.094 0.098 0.144 0.183 0.262 0.570 School feeding Social pension 0.019 0.020 0.017 0.042 0.065 0.069 0.069 0.059 0.045 0.041 0.031 Child benefits 0.032 0.036 0.033 0.041 0.066 0.079 0.102 0.137 0.164 0.233 0.260 Disability benefits 0.033 0.036 0.032 0.041 0.066 0.086 0.106 0.146 0.170 0.279 0.356 Other 0.133 0.115 0.101 0.228 0.269 0.291 0.285 0.318 0.282 0.336 0.315 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 36: Argentina’s public spending on social assistance, by program category, in millions of pesos, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 75.5 265.0 334.0 498.0 640.0 1170.0 1890.0 3000.0 8220.0 School feeding Social pension 53.9 52.5 51.6 158.0 293.0 366.0 451.0 477.0 460.0 470.0 448.0 Family and child benefits 91.8 96.8 102.0 155.0 294.0 422.0 667.0 1110.0 1700.0 2670.0 3750.0 Disability benefits 94.8 97.9 101.0 152.0 297.0 457.0 694.0 1180.0 1760.0 3190.0 5130.0 Other 379.0 309.0 316.0 858.2 1201.5 1544.1 1865.8 2579.4 2909.8 3840.0 4541.8 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 96 Figure 64: Argentina’s composition of public spending on social assistance by program category, 2000 and 2010 2000 2010 8.7% 20.6% 14.8% 37.2% 61.2% 15.3% 23.2% 2% 17% Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 65: Argentina’s composition of public spending on social assistance by program category, 2000-2010 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs School feeding Social pension Child benefits Disability benefits Other Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 97 Figure 66: Argentina’s beneficiaries of social assistance by program category, percent of population, 2000-2010 % Population Argentina 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs Social pension Disability benefits Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 37: Argentina’s beneficiaries of social assistance by program category, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 CCTs School feeding Social pension 42374 41221 40523 113450 137103 135218 Disability benefits 74485 76851 78977 81539 113651 132532 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 3410244 3513064 School feeding Social pension 144633 117388 81021 67684 50656 Disability benefits 173677 230847 297335 452596 575526 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. CCT: Asignación Universal por Hijo para la Protección Social; Social Pension: Plan Mayores and Pensión no contributiva a la vejez; Family and Child Benefits: Pensión no contributiva para Madres de 7 hijos o más, Disability Benefits: Pensión no contributiva por discapacidad . Table 38: Argentina’s beneficiaries of social assistance by program category, percent of population, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 8.52 8.70 School feeding Social pension 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.30 0.36 0.35 0.37 0.30 0.20 0.17 0.13 Disability benefits 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.30 0.34 0.45 0.59 0.75 1.13 1.43 Notes: Ibid. 98 16.1.3 Labor Market Figure 67: Argentina’s public spending on labor market programs by category, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services Institutional training Workplace training Alternate training 1.20 Special support for apprenticeship Recruitment incentives 0.70 Employment maintenance incentives Supported employment Rehabilitation 2000 2001 Direct job creation Start up incentives Unemployment insurance Unemployment assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 99 Table 39: Argentina’s public spending on labor market programs, by category, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services 0.0015 0.0028 0.0041 0.0039 Institutional training 0.0001 0.0000 0.0011 0.0105 0.0077 0.0067 0.0083 0.0266 0.0400 0.0480 0.0583 Workplace training 0.0005 0.0001 Alternate training 0.0007 0.0000 0.0020 Special support for apprenticeship Recruitment incentives 0.0000 Employment maintenance incentives 0.0264 0.0330 0.0642 0.0008 0.0010 0.0017 0.0014 0.0017 0.0034 0.0014 Supported employment 0.0045 0.0034 0.0009 0.0014 0.0014 0.0045 0.0051 0.0450 0.0353 Rehabilitation Direct job creation 0.0306 0.0223 0.5836 0.9815 0.7776 0.6104 0.4364 0.2654 0.1702 0.2390 0.3281 Start-up incentives Unemployment insurance 0.1066 0.1302 0.1502 0.0707 0.0353 0.0342 0.0464 0.0475 0.0449 0.0533 0.0426 Unemployment assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 40: Argentina’s public spending on labor market programs, by category, millions of pesos, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services 12.04 29.10 46.64 55.77 Institutional training 0.25 0.01 1.76 17.85 28.00 34.15 57.79 195.07 298.25 464.63 803.19 Workplace training 0.14 1.25 0.17 Alternate training 1.78 0.04 28.80 Special support for apprenticeship Recruitment incentives 0.02 0.00 0.00 Employment maintenance incentives 75.01 88.60 200.02 0.09 3.83 6.39 16.73 14.63 18.95 40.04 20.28 Supported employment 13.88 12.79 4.13 7.47 9.42 36.56 53.07 515.38 508.68 Rehabilitation Direct job creation 5.19 1.10 1799.56 3686.57 3478.12 3243.18 2852.44 2153.65 1755.88 2737.76 4729.20 Start-up incentives Unemployment insurance 303.00 350.10 468.00 265.70 158.10 181.50 303.20 385.20 463.20 610.10 614.30 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 100 16.2 Brazil 16.2.1 Overall Figure 68: Brazil’s public spending on social protection by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Brazil 2.50 2.25 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Labor Market Social Assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 69: Brazil’s public spending on social protection by program area, percent of total government spending, 2000-2010 % Total Government Spending Brazil 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Labor Market Social Assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 101 16.2.2 Social Assistance Figure 70: Brazil’s public spending on social assistance by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Brazil 2.50 2.25 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 2.00 0.00 School feeding Other food prog Social pension Child benefits Disability benefits Funeral allowance Education benefits 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Special benefits Emergency benefits Other SSN Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 41: Brazil’s public spending on social assistance by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 0.062 0.153 0.197 0.286 0.316 0.330 0.339 0.351 0.391 0.391 School feeding 0.076 0.071 0.057 0.056 0.053 0.059 0.063 0.057 0.049 0.063 0.083 Social pension 1.145 1.260 1.291 1.369 1.371 1.433 1.526 1.516 1.500 1.676 1.641 Child benefits 0.031 0.104 0.084 0.050 0.029 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.000 Disability benefits 0.194 0.214 0.219 0.232 0.230 0.246 0.271 0.275 0.278 0.314 0.321 Other 0.011 0.074 0.056 0.068 0.029 0.039 0.034 0.033 0.046 0.047 0.051 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 42: Brazil’s public spending on social assistance by program category, billions of reais, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 0.804 1.65 2.56 4.98 6.39 7.69 8.99 10.6 12.5 14.4 School feeding 0.902 0.92 0.849 0.954 1.03 1.27 1.5 1.52 1.49 2.01 3.03 Social pension 14.1 17.2 19.9 24.3 27.8 32.2 37.8 42.2 47.6 55.9 63 Child benefits Disability benefits 2.29 2.79 3.24 3.95 4.47 5.27 6.43 7.31 8.44 10 11.8 Other 0.133 0.575 0.709 0.61 0.334 0.763 0.785 0.874 1.388 1.496 1.859 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 102 Figure 71: Brazil’s composition of public spending on social assistance by program category, 2000 and 2010 2000 2010 1% 2% 5% 13% 13% 15% 3% 81% 67% Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 72: Brazil’s composition of public spending on social assistance by program category, 2000-2010 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs School feeding Social pension Child benefits Disability benefits Other Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 103 Figure 73: Brazil’s beneficiaries of social assistance by program category, percent of population % population Brazil 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs School feeding Social pension Disability benefits Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. CCT: Bolsa Família, Bolsa Alimentação, Bolsa Escola; School feeding: Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar; Social Pension: Previdência Rural and Benefício de Prestação Continuada (LOAS) + Renda Mensal Vitalícia; Disability Benefits: Benefício de Prestação Continuada (LOAS) + Renda Mensal Vitalícia, Benefício de Prestação Continuada (LOAS), Renda Mensal Vitalícia. Table 43: Brazil’s beneficiaries of social assistance programs by program category 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 CCTs 16200000 28916091 38281958 School feeding 37100000 37100000 36900000 37300000 37800000 36400000 Social pension 11200000 11500000 12000000 12300000 12800000 13200000 Disability benefits 1316363 1345627 1412929 1439539 1497928 1552476 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 48249564 46380919 43287783 50720751 52390702 School feeding 36300000 35700000 34600000 47000000 45600000 Social pension 13600000 14000000 14600000 15100000 15600000 Disability benefits 1604451 1669140 1771831 1862932 1994195 Notes: Ibid. Table 44: Brazil’s beneficiaries of social assistance by program category, percent of population 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 8.91 15.71 20.57 25.65 24.41 22.57 26.21 26.84 School feeding 21.26 20.96 20.57 20.52 20.54 19.55 19.29 18.79 18.04 24.29 23.36 Social pension 6.42 6.50 6.69 6.77 6.96 7.09 7.23 7.37 7.61 7.80 7.99 Disability benefits 0.75 0.76 0.79 0.79 0.81 0.83 0.85 0.88 0.92 0.96 1.02 Notes: Ibid. 104 16.2.3 Labor Market Figure 74: Brazil’s public spending on labor market programs by category, percent of GDP % GDP Brazil 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services Institutional training Workplace training Alternate training 1.20 Special support for apprenticeship 0.70 Recruitment incentives Employment maintenance incentives Supported employment Rehabilitation Direct job creation 2000 Start up incentives 2001 Unemployment insurance Unemployment assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 105 Table 45: Brazil’s public spending on labor market programs by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services 0.0036 0.0036 0.0034 0.0030 0.0041 0.0034 0.0023 Institutional training 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0045 0.0054 0.0037 Workplace training Alternate training Special support for apprenticeship Recruitment incentives Employment maintenance incentives 0.1067 0.1165 0.1489 0.1690 0.1848 0.2020 0.2116 Supported employment 0.0010 0.0018 0.0015 0.0013 0.0012 0.0014 0.0008 Rehabilitation Direct job creation Start-up incentives 0.0543 0.3571 0.1008 0.2970 0.2635 0.3602 0.2851 Unemployment insurance 0.3706 0.4020 0.6297 0.6752 0.6830 0.8525 0.5564 Unemployment assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 46: Brazil’s public spending on labor market programs by program area, billons of reais, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services Institutional training 0.06 0.61 0.91 0.89 Workplace training Alternate training Special support for apprenticeship Recruitment incentives Employment maintenance incentives 0.70 0.90 1.31 1.81 2.54 2.97 4.30 5.55 6.53 8.53 10.00 Supported employment 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.02 Rehabilitation Direct job creation 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.04 0.13 0.14 Start-up incentives Unemployment insurance 4.33 5.06 5.81 6.64 7.19 8.63 14.90 18.00 20.70 27.20 20.40 Unemployment assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 106 16.3 Chile 16.3.1 Overall Figure 75: Chile’s public spending on social protection by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Chile 2.50 2.25 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Labor Market Social Assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 76: Chile’s public spending on social protection by program area, percent of total government spending, 2000-2010 %Total Government Spending Chile 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Labor Market Social Assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 107 16.3.2 Social Assistance Figure 77: Chile’s public spending on social assistance by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Chile 2.50 2.25 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 2.00 0.00 School feeding Other food prog Social pension Child benefits Disability benefits Funeral allowance Education benefits 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Special benefits Emergency benefits Other SSN Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 47: Chile’s public spending on social assistance by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 0.090 0.087 0.089 0.083 0.076 0.067 0.059 0.068 0.096 0.134 0.138 School feeding 0.231 0.196 0.181 0.145 0.216 0.197 0.345 0.332 Social pension 0.440 0.438 0.439 0.423 0.389 0.388 0.370 0.240 0.298 0.638 0.649 Child benefits 0.124 0.331 0.327 0.435 0.381 0.344 0.291 0.346 0.311 0.476 0.429 Disability benefits 0.006 0.013 0.013 Other 0.057 0.059 0.053 0.230 0.216 0.312 0.285 0.330 0.312 0.485 0.399 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 48: Chile’s public spending on social assistance by program category, billions of pesos, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 36.50 38.00 41.40 42.60 44.40 45.90 48.60 61.60 90.20 129.00 152.00 School feeding 0.00 0.00 0.00 118.00 114.00 125.00 119.00 195.00 185.00 334.00 366.00 Social pension 179.00 191.00 203.00 217.00 227.00 267.00 304.00 217.00 279.00 618.00 716.00 Child benefits 50.40 144.00 151.00 222.00 222.00 243.00 245.00 327.00 304.00 477.00 489.00 Disability benefits 5.50 12.90 14.10 Other 24.32 27.98 27.01 118.30 126.30 209.50 228.60 284.80 282.40 454.90 424.20 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 108 Figure 78: Chile’s composition of public spending on social assistance by program category, 2000 and 2010 2010 2000 7% 7% 20% 20% 17% 17% 1% 1% 22% 22% 33% 33% Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 109 Figure 79: Chile’s composition of public spending on social assistance by program category, 2000- 2010 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs School feeding Social pension Child benefits Disability benefits Other Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 16.3.3 Labor Market Figure 80: Chile’s public spending on labor market programs by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Chile 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services Institutional training Workplace training Alternate training 1.20 0.70 Special support for apprenticeship Recruitment incentives Employment maintenance incentives Supported employment Rehabilitation Direct job creation 2000 Start up incentives 2001 Unemployment insurance Unemployment assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 110 Table 49: Chile’s public spending on labor market programs by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services 0.000 0.005 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.003 0.003 0.005 Institutional training 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.003 0.000 0.011 0.020 0.023 0.039 0.050 0.044 Workplace training 0.001 0.015 Alternate training 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.011 0.009 0.012 Special support for apprenticeship 0.086 0.129 0.150 0.122 0.071 0.119 0.131 0.133 0.144 0.151 0.132 Recruitment incentives 0.051 0.055 0.051 0.054 0.080 0.088 Employment maintenance incentives Supported employment Rehabilitation Direct job creation 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Start-up incentives 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.005 0.003 Unemployment insurance 0.010 0.053 0.080 0.105 0.119 0.150 0.212 0.179 Unemployment assistance 0.015 0.016 0.013 0.012 0.008 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 50: Chile’s public spending on labor market programs by program area, billons of pesos, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services 0.06 2.04 1.03 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.81 2.27 2.68 4.73 Institutional training 0.33 0.30 1.49 1.35 0.07 7.87 16.80 20.60 36.40 48.70 48.50 Workplace training 0.68 16.50 Alternate training 1.21 1.77 1.68 1.41 1.42 1.45 1.46 1.51 10.50 9.13 12.90 Special support for apprenticeship 0.79 0.93 0.85 0.80 84.20 81.90 108 121 135 146 146 Recruitment incentives 35.20 45.20 46 50.90 82.90 126.00 Employment maintenance incentives Supported employment Rehabilitation Direct job creation 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.06 Start-up incentives 0.27 0.26 0.27 3.53 4.55 3.79 Unemployment insurance 5.03 30.80 55.40 86.10 107 141 205 198 Unemployment assistance 6.23 6.85 6.23 6.14 4.74 2.96 2.18 1.60 1.29 1.35 0.75 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 111 16.4 Colombia 16.4.1 Overall Figure 81: Colombia’s public spending on social protection by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Colombia 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Labor Market Social Assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 82: Colombia’s public spending on social protection by program area, percent of total government spending, 2000-2010 %Total Government Spending Colombia 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Labor Market Social Assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 112 16.4.2 Social Assistance Figure 83: Colombia’s public spending on social assistance by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Colombia 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 2.00 0.00 School feeding Other food prog Social pension Child benefits Disability benefits Funeral allowance Education benefits 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Special benefits Emergency benefits Other SSN Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 51: Colombia’s public spending on social assistance by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 0.009 0.043 0.103 0.065 0.072 0.057 0.167 0.249 0.280 0.347 School feeding 0.048 0.052 0.057 0.070 0.093 0.092 0.103 0.115 Social pension 0.065 0.101 0.101 0.098 0.091 0.086 0.094 0.097 0.099 Child benefits 0.405 0.373 0.351 0.345 0.327 0.320 0.349 0.363 0.296 Disability benefits Other 0.004 0.007 0.083 0.097 0.112 0.121 0.117 0.106 0.085 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 52: Colombia’s public spending on social assistance by program category, billions of pesos, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 19.3 105 280 200 245 219 721 1200 1420 1900 School feeding 118 142 175 239 355 396 494 583 Social pension 160 276 312 333 348 371 454 495 542 Child benefits 994 1020 1080 1180 1260 1380 1680 1850 1620 Disability benefits Other 10.2 19.3 255.79 330.66 431.4 522.2 561.5 541.1 463.6 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 113 Figure 84: Colombia’s composition of public spending on social assistance by program category, 2000 and 2010 2002 2010 0.7% 7.6% 8.5% 10.2% 11.5% 42.0% 35.8% 71.7% 12.0% Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 85: Colombia’s composition of public spending on social assistance by program category in 2000- 2010 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs School feeding Social pension Child benefits Disability benefits Other Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 114 Figure 86: Colombia’s beneficiaries of social assistance by program category, percent of population, 2000-2010 % Population Colombia 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs School feeding Social pension Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. CCT: Familias en Acción; School feeding: Programa de Alimentación Escolar and Programa de Desayunos Infantiles con Amor (DIA); Social Pension: Programa de Protección Social al Adulto Mayor. Table 53: Colombia’s beneficiaries of social assistance programs by program category, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 CCTs 1443222 1578515 1497848 2315259 School feeding 2307839 2820915 3129647 3792583 Social pension 160182 308835 359719 Disability benefits 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 3147260 7247448 7943684 11600000 11700000 School feeding 4406217 4830678 5049696 5436632 5820345 Social pension 440211 825634 886211 949956 993950 Disability benefits Notes: Ibid. Table 54: Colombia’s beneficiaries of social assistance by program category, percent of population, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 3.50 3.77 3.52 5.36 7.18 16.29 17.59 25.33 25.19 School feeding 5.60 6.74 7.36 8.78 10.05 10.86 11.18 11.87 12.53 Social pension 0.38 0.73 0.83 1.00 1.86 1.96 2.07 2.14 Disability benefits Notes: Ibid. 115 16.4.3 16.4.4 Labor Market Figure 87: Colombia’s public spending on labor market programs by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Colombia 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services Institutional training Workplace training Alternate training 1.20 0.70 Special support for apprenticeship Recruitment incentives Supported employment 2001 Employment maintenance incentives 2000 Rehabilitation Direct job creation Start up incentives Unemployment insurance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 116 Table 55: Colombia’s public spending on labor market programs by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services 0.083 0.080 0.065 0.055 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.053 0.039 Institutional training 0.157 0.158 0.202 0.191 0.211 0.204 0.214 0.242 0.311 Workplace training Alternate training Special support for apprenticeship Recruitment incentives Employment maintenance incentives Supported employment Rehabilitation Direct job creation 0.001 0.056 0.052 0.005 0.001 0.000 Start-up incentives 0.004 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.003 0.006 0.008 Unemployment insurance 0.011 0.019 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.027 Unemployment assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 56: Colombia’s public spending on labor market programs by program area, billions of pesos, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services 532 545 644 733 885 956 1130 1270 1690 Institutional training 21.1 71.7 36.4 104 39.8 74.8 80.8 78.8 111 65.3 Workplace training Alternate training Special support for apprenticeship Recruitment incentives Employment maintenance incentives Supported employment Rehabilitation Direct job creation 2.94 126 127 13.1 2.29 1.16 Start-up incentives 10 21.1 19.4 23.8 24 16.5 30.5 43.5 Unemployment insurance 35.1 64.4 47 52.9 61 71.8 76.3 Unemployment assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 117 16.5 Ecuador 16.5.1 Overall Figure 88: Ecuador’s public spending on social protection by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Ecuador 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Labor Market Social Assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 89: Ecuador’s public spending on social protection by program area, percent of total government spending, 2000-2010 % Total Government Spending Ecuador 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Labor Market Social Assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 118 16.5.2 Social Assistance Figure 90: Ecuador’s public spending on social assistance by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Ecuador 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 2.00 0.00 School feeding Other food prog Social pension Child benefits Disability benefits Funeral allowance Education benefits 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Special benefits Emergency benefits Other SSN Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 57: Ecuador’s public spending on social assistance by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 0.692 0.555 0.592 0.529 0.419 0.365 0.700 0.627 0.771 0.799 School feeding 0.096 0.050 0.050 0.041 0.058 0.083 0.102 0.104 0.112 Social pension 0.074 0.141 0.154 0.215 0.279 Child benefits 0.281 0.339 0.315 0.236 0.277 Disability benefits 0.002 0.007 0.014 0.037 0.083 Other 0.002 0.032 0.041 0.041 0.048 0.057 0.091 0.223 0.266 0.234 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 58: Ecuador’s public spending on social assistance by program category, millions of USD, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 147.00 137.00 168.00 173.00 155.00 152.00 319.00 340.00 401.00 463.00 School feeding 23.80 14.30 16.20 15.30 24.30 37.70 55.40 54.00 65.00 Social pension 30.80 63.90 83.30 112.00 162.00 Child benefits 117.00 154.00 171.00 123.00 160.00 Disability benefits 0.78 3.30 7.36 19.30 47.90 Other 0.07 0.35 8.18 13.75 13.47 17.70 23.82 41.36 120.82 138.32 135.52 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 119 Figure 91: Ecuador’s composition of public spending on social assistance by program category, 2002 and 2010 2002 2010 4.8% 14.1% 13.1% 4.6% 44.8% 15.5% 15.7% 81.1% 6.3% Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 92: Ecuador’s composition of public spending on social assistance by program category, 2000-2010 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs School feeding Social pension Child benefits Disability benefits Other Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 120 Figure 93: Ecuador’s beneficiaries of social assistance by program category, percent of population, 2000-2010 % Population Ecuador 50 40 30 20 10 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs School feeding: Programa de Alimentación Escolar School feeding: Programa Integrado de Micronutrientes Social pension Disability benefits: Pensión para discapacitados Disability benefits: Bono para menores discapacitados Disability benefits: Bono de Vivenda "Manuela Espejo" Disability benefits: Insersión de personas con discapacidad Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. CCT: Bono de Desarrollo Humano, Social Pension: Pensión para adultos mayores. Table 59: Ecuador’s beneficiaries of social assistance programs by program category, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 CCTs 4848930 4572670.5 4470652.35 5481522 3781372.5 4078282.5 School feeding* 1423568 1546066 1342038 1303823 School feeding** 796194 822429 447371 402452 331832 Social pension 249585 240103 0 0 218292 211175 Disability benefits* Disability benefits** Disability benefits*** Disability benefits**** 2006 2007 2008 2010 2009 CCTs 4405536 4526851.5 4553797.5 5314761 5601969 School feeding* 1309801 1339122 1389796 1448930 1583572 School feeding** 335171 220411 837484 477286 431805 Social pension 198056 243852 274522 496899 371261 Disability benefits* 5039 19923 22915 65780 39344 Disability benefits** 1458 18381 6728 Disability benefits*** 2256 Disability benefits**** 2791 3955 1039 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. CCT: Bono de Desarrollo Humano, School feeding: (*) Programa de Alimentación Escolar, (**) Programa Integrado de Micronutrientes, Social Pension: Pensión para adultos mayores, Disability benefits: (*) Pensión para discapacitados, (**) Bono para menores discapacitados, (***) Bono de Vivenda "Manuela Espejo", (****)Insersión de personas con discapacidad. 121 Table 60: Ecuador’s beneficiaries of social assistance by program category, percent of population, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 38.6 35.7 34.3 41.2 27.9 29.6 31.4 31.7 31.3 37.9 35.4 School feeding* 10.93 11.64 9.92 9.46 9.34 9.39 9.58 10.73 9.66 School feeding** 6.23 6.31 3.37 2.97 2.41 2.39 1.54 5.77 2.93 3.18 Social pension 1.99 1.88 1.61 1.53 1.41 1.71 1.89 2.52 3.31 Disability benefits* 0.04 0.14 0.16 0.27 0.44 Disability benefits** 0.01 0.05 0.12 Disability benefits*** 0.02 Disability benefits**** 0.02 0.03 0.01 Notes: Ibid. 16.5.3 Labor Market Figure 94: Ecuador’s public spending on labor market programs by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Ecuador 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services Institutional training Workplace training Alternate training 1.20 Special support for apprenticeship Recruitment incentives 0.70 Employment maintenance incentives Supported employment Rehabilitation 2000 2001 Direct job creation Start up incentives Unemployment insurance Unemployment assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 122 Table 61: Ecuador’s public spending on labor market programs by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services 0.001 0.002 Institutional training 0.015 0.013 0.016 0.011 0.012 0.014 0.014 0.022 0.031 0.030 0.029 Workplace training Alternate training Special support for apprenticeship Recruitment incentives Employment maintenance incentives Supported employment Rehabilitation Direct job creation 0.001 0.004 0.006 0.003 Start-up incentives Unemployment insurance 0.183 0.101 0.057 0.060 0.054 0.044 0.050 0.053 0.070 0.132 0.161 Unemployment assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 62: Ecuador’s public spending on labor market programs by program area, millions of USD, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services 0.66 1.10 Institutional training 2.51 2.85 3.93 3.26 3.97 5.25 5.95 10.20 16.70 15.60 16.90 Workplace training Alternate training Special support for apprenticeship Recruitment incentives Employment maintenance incentives Supported employment Rehabilitation Direct job creation 0.40 2.15 3.22 1.86 Start-up incentives Unemployment insurance 29.80 21.40 14.10 17.10 17.70 16.10 20.80 24.00 37.80 68.60 93.10 Unemployment assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 123 16.6 Honduras 16.6.1 Overall Figure 95: Honduras’s public spending on social protection by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Honduras 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Labor Market Social Assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 96: Honduras’s public spending on social protection by program area, percent of total government spending, 2000-2010 % Total Government Spending Honduras 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Labor Market Social Assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 124 16.6.2 Social Assistance Figure 97: Honduras’s public spending on social assistance by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Honduras 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 2.00 0.00 School feeding Other food prog Social pension Child benefits Disability benefits Funeral allowance Education benefits 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Special benefits Emergency benefits Other SSN Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 63: Honduras’s public spending on social assistance by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 0.114 0.128 0.126 0.122 0.106 0.133 0.115 0.140 0.148 0.112 0.255 School feeding 0.116 0.105 0.001 0.001 0.097 0.127 0.132 0.150 0.154 Social pension 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.012 0.009 Child benefits 0.002 0.019 0.011 Disability benefits Other 0.037 0.010 0.054 0.054 0.128 0.090 0.086 0.105 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 64: Honduras’s public spending on social assistance by program category, billions of lempiras, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 1.22 1.52 1.62 1.75 1.71 2.44 2.37 3.28 3.89 3.07 7.43 School feeding 1.50 1.50 0.02 0.02 2.00 2.97 3.46 4.01 4.49 Social pension 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.17 0.14 0.22 0.40 0.33 0.36 0.39 0.37 Child benefits 0.03 0.28 0.19 0.27 0.40 0.40 0.39 0.19 0.38 Disability benefits Other 0.53 0.16 1.00 1.10 3.00 2.36 2.30 3.05 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 125 Figure 98: Honduras’s composition of public spending on social assistance by program category, 2000 and 2010 2000 2010 0.9% 2.3% 20% 2% 2% 47% 46.6% 50.3% 29% Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 99: Honduras’s composition of public spending on social assistance by program category, 2000- 2010 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs School feeding Social pension Child benefits Disability benefits Other Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 126 Figure 100: Honduras’s beneficiaries of social assistance by program category, percent of population, 2000-2010 % Population Honduras 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs School feeding Social pension Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. CCT: Bolson escolar and Proyecto PRAF/BID Fase II/No. 1026 y 1568 (2006); School feeding: Programa Escuela Saludables; Social Pension: Bono de la Tercera Edad. Table 65: Honduras’s beneficiaries of social assistance programs by program category, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 CCTs 232736 315691 119881 137298 126926 259357 School feeding 903614.5 903614.5 1204819 1204819 Social pension 11235 11167 12334 32514 24166 35738 Disability benefits 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 66666 152765 170265 110000 70000 School feeding 1204819 1241934 1290278 1298975 1325301 Social pension 46666 46666 54453 52493 61528 Disability benefits Notes: Ibid. Table 66: Honduras’s beneficiaries of social assistance by program category, percent of population, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 3.73 4.96 1.85 2.07 1.88 3.76 0.95 2.13 2.33 1.47 0.92 School feeding 13.91 13.63 17.82 17.46 17.12 17.30 17.62 17.39 17.39 Social pension 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.49 0.36 0.52 0.66 0.65 0.74 0.70 0.81 Disability benefits Notes: Ibid. 127 16.6.3 Labor Market Figure 101: Honduras’s public spending on labor market programs by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Honduras 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services Institutional training Workplace training 1.20 Alternate training 0.70 Special support for apprenticeship Recruitment incentives Employment maintenance incentives 2000 Supported employment 2001 Rehabilitation Direct job creation Start up incentives Unemployment insurance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 128 Table 67: Honduras’s public spending on labor market programs by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services Institutional training 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.177 0.175 0.178 0.181 Workplace training 0.000 0.001 0.005 0.003 0.005 Alternate training Special support for apprenticeship 0.011 0.013 0.017 0.012 Recruitment incentives Employment maintenance incentives Supported employment Rehabilitation Direct job creation Start-up incentives Unemployment insurance Unemployment assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 68: Honduras’s public spending on labor market programs by program area, millions of lempiras, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services Institutional training 2.689 4 2.9631 4.788 416 460 478 525 Workplace training 0.539382 1.96519 12.1 8.161809 13.2 Alternate training Special support for apprenticeship 24.7 33.5 46.3 35.1 Recruitment incentives Employment maintenance incentives Supported employment Rehabilitation Direct job creation Start-up incentives Unemployment insurance Unemployment assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 129 16.7 Mexico 16.7.1 Overall 16.7.2 Social Assistance Figure 102: Mexico’s public spending on social protection by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Mexico 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Labor Market Social Assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 103: Mexico’s public spending on social protection by program area, percent of total government spending, 2000-2010 %Total Government Spending Mexico 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Labor Market Social Assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 130 Figure 104: Mexico’s public spending on social assistance by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Mexico 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 2.00 0.00 School feeding Other food prog Social pension Child benefits Disability benefits Funeral allowance Education benefits 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Special benefits Emergency benefits Other SSN Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 69: Mexico’s public spending on social assistance by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 0.151 0.185 0.250 0.296 0.299 0.324 0.323 0.325 0.343 0.393 0.480 School feeding Social pension 0.053 0.051 0.104 0.099 Child benefits 0.000 0.006 0.016 0.021 0.019 Disability benefits 0.003 0.000 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.002 Other 0.039 0.039 0.034 0.155 0.231 0.187 0.207 0.176 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 70: Mexico’s public spending on social assistance by program category, billions of pesos, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 9.59 12.30 17.00 22.30 25.70 30.00 33.50 36.80 41.70 46.70 28.50 School feeding Social pension 6.00 6.17 12.40 12.90 Child benefits 0.00 0.71 1.91 2.53 2.54 Disability benefits 0.26 0.00 0.29 0.36 0.38 0.33 0.44 0.25 Other 2.65 3.38 3.57 16.30 26.30 22.99 24.74 22.91 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 131 Figure 105: Mexico’s composition of public spending on social assistance by program category, 2003 and 2010 2003 2010 10.5% 1.0% 34.1% 42.5% 0.4% 19.2% 88.4% 3.8% Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 106: Mexico’s composition of public spending on social assistance by program category , 2000- 2010 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs School feeding Social pension Child benefits Disability benefits Other Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 132 Figure 107: Mexico’s beneficiaries of social assistance by program category, percent of population, 2000-2010 % Population Mexico 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs Social pension Disability benefits Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. CCT: Programa de Desarrollo Humano Oportunidades; Social Pension: Programa de Atención a los Adultos Mayores de 70 años y más en Zonas Rurales; Family and Child Benefits: Subprograma de Regularización Jurídica de Menores y Adopciones Subprograma de Regularización Jurídica de Menores y Adopciones, Subprograma para la Atención Integral a Niñas, Niños y Adolescentes en Desamparo and Programa para la Protección y el Desarrollo Integral de la Infancia. Disability Benefits: Programa de Atención a Personas con Discapacidad. Table 71: Mexico’s beneficiaries of social assistance programs by program category, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 CCTs 12382150 15580210 21624000 21624000 25000000 24500000 School feeding Social pension Disability benefits 400342 379273 379273 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 25000000 25000000 25246030 26046795 27246646 School feeding Social pension 1000000 1863945 2050626 2105306 Disability benefits 445476 Notes: Ibid. Table 72: Mexico’s beneficiaries of social assistance by program category, percent of population, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 11.92 14.79 20.26 20.01 22.86 22.13 22.30 22.02 21.96 22.37 23.11 School feeding Social pension 0.88 1.62 1.76 1.79 Disability benefits 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.38 Notes: Ibid. 133 16.7.3 Labor Market Figure 108: Mexico’s public spending on labor market programs by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Mexico 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services Institutional training Workplace training Alternate training 1.20 Special support for apprenticeship Recruitment incentives 0.70 Supported employment 2001 Employment maintenance incentives 2000 Rehabilitation Direct job creation Start up incentives Unemployment insurance Unemployment assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 134 Table 73: Mexico’s public spending on labor market programs by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services 0.000 Institutional training Workplace training 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 Alternate training 0.014 0.011 0.013 0.009 0.009 0.014 0.012 0.010 Special support for apprenticeship Recruitment incentives 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Employment maintenance incentives 0.000 0.007 0.001 Supported employment Rehabilitation Direct job creation 0.022 0.019 0.016 0.010 0.012 0.007 0.019 0.021 Start-up incentives 0.029 0.025 0.021 0.021 0.033 0.032 0.044 0.041 Unemployment insurance Unemployment assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 74: Mexico’s public spending on labor market programs by program area, billons of pesos, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services 0.008596 Institutional training Workplace training 0.135 0.0269 0.0342 0.0377 0.0716 0.098 0.0803 0.0893 Alternate training 1.08 0.946 1.19 0.972 0.976 1.65 1.44 1.37 Special support for apprenticeship Recruitment incentives 0.000331 0.0475 0.0506 0.0387 Employment maintenance incentives 0.0188 0.888 0.0862 Supported employment Rehabilitation Direct job creation 2.76 2.93 1.63 1.6 1.48 1.04 1.37 0.835 2.22 2.69 Start-up incentives 2.19 2.13 1.97 2.13 3.76 3.84 5.17 5.32 Unemployment insurance Unemployment assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 135 16.8 Peru 16.8.1 Overall Figure 109: Peru’s public spending on social protection by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Peru 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Labor Market Social Assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 110: Peru’s public spending on social protection by program area, percent of total government spending, 2000-2010 % Total Government Spending Peru 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Labor Market Social Assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 136 16.8.2 Social Assistance Figure 111: Peru’s public spending on social assistance by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Peru 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 2.00 0.00 School feeding Other food prog Social pension Child benefits Disability benefits Funeral allowance Education benefits 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Special benefits Emergency benefits Other SSN Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 75: Peru’s public spending on social assistance by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 0.044 0.057 0.148 0.144 0.150 0.141 School feeding 0.175 0.176 0.172 0.217 0.199 0.178 0.152 0.253 0.260 0.261 0.258 Social pension 0.000 Child benefits 0.044 0.053 0.045 0.045 0.041 0.046 0.043 0.039 0.032 0.036 0.041 Disability benefits Other 0.003 0.045 0.037 0.020 0.033 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 76: Peru’s public spending on social assistance by program category, billions of soles, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 0.12 0.17 0.50 0.54 0.57 0.61 School feeding 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.46 0.85 0.97 1.00 1.12 Social pension 0.00 Child benefits 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.14 0.18 Disability benefits Other 0.01 0.15 0.14 0.08 0.14 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 137 Figure 112: Peru’s composition of public spending on social assistance by program category, 2000 and 2010 2000 2010 7% 20.3% 9% 30% 79.7% 54% Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 113: Peru’s composition of public spending on social assistance by program category, 2000- 2010 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs School feeding Social pension Child benefits Disability benefits Other Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 138 Figure 114: Peru’s beneficiaries of social assistance by program category, percent of population, 2000-2010 % Population Peru 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs School feeding: Vaso de Leche Social pension Disability benefits School feeding: Programa Nacional de Asistencia Alimentaria_Complementación Alimentaria School feeding: Programa Nacional de Asistencia Alimentaria_Programa Integral Nutricional Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 77: Peru’s beneficiaries of social assistance programs by program category, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 CCTs 0 School feeding* 3292215 3196233 School feeding** School feeding*** Social pension Disability benefits 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 875732 1941869 2312701 2252855 2593311 School feeding* 1985101 1978073 1890157 1961234 1768049 School feeding** 740784 445206 350415 348234 336735 School feeding*** 3708079 3921121 3792559 3832984 Social pension 2268 Disability benefits Notes: CCT: Juntos; School feeding: (*) Vaso de Leche, (**) Programa Nacional de Asistencia (Alimentaria Complementación), (***) Programa Nacional de Asistencia Alimentaria (Programa Integral Nutricional), Social Pension: Programa Gratitud; Family and Child Benefits: Wawa Wasi and Programa Integral Nacional para el Bienestar Familiar. 139 Table 78: Peru’s beneficiaries of social assistance by program category, percent of population, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 3.12 6.85 8.08 7.79 8.86 12.1 11.5 7.08 6.98 6.60 6.78 6.04 School feeding* 6 3 School feeding** 2.64 1.57 1.22 1.20 1.15 13.0 13.7 13.1 13.1 School feeding*** 9 0 1 0 Social pension 0.01 Disability benefits Notes: Ibid. 16.8.3 Labor Market Figure 115: Peru’s public spending on labor market programs by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Peru 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services Institutional training Workplace training Alternate training 1.20 Special support for apprenticeship Recruitment incentives 0.70 Employment maintenance incentives Supported employment Rehabilitation 2000 2001 Direct job creation Start up incentives Unemployment insurance Unemployment assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 140 Table 79: Peru’s public spending on labor market programs by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services 0.009 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.013 0.014 Institutional training Workplace training Alternate training Special support for apprenticeship Recruitment incentives 0.061 0.059 0.052 0.027 0.035 Employment maintenance incentives Supported employment Rehabilitation Direct job creation Start-up incentives Unemployment insurance Unemployment assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 80: Peru’s public spending on labor market programs by program area, millions of soles, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services 16.2 8.2 10.4 9.3 10 10.6 4 13.6 19.2 49.1 61.1 Institutional training Workplace training Alternate training Special support for apprenticeship Recruitment incentives 184 199 194 104 152 Employment maintenance incentives Supported employment Rehabilitation Direct job creation Start-up incentives Unemployment insurance Unemployment assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 141 16.9 El Salvador 16.9.1 Overall Figure 116: El Salvador’s public spending on social protection by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP El Salvador 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Labor Market Social Assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 117: El Salvador’s public spending on social protection by program area, percent of total government spending, 2000-2010 %Total Government Spending El Salvador 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Labor Market Social Assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 142 16.9.2 Social Assistance Figure 118: El Salvador’s public spending on social assistance by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP El Salvador 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 2.00 0.00 School feeding Other food prog Social pension Child benefits Disability benefits Funeral allowance Education benefits 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Special benefits Emergency benefits Other SSN Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 81: El Salvador’s public spending on social assistance by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 0.100 0.100 0.100 School feeding 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 Social pension Child benefits Disability benefits Other 0.100 0.008 0.009 0.022 0.044 0.080 0.246 0.396 0.663 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 82: El Salvador’s public spending on social assistance by program category, millions of colones, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 0.43 3.40 6.94 11.70 19.80 19.40 School feeding 7.27 9.15 11.30 12.40 10.60 11.90 11.50 11.70 16.80 11.40 21.00 Social pension 0.32 4.15 Child benefits Disability benefits Other 3.74 3.69 10.85 5.46 4.16 8.96 17.48 33.16 66.23 86.63 232.30 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 143 Figure 119: El Salvador’s composition of public spending on social assistance by program category, 2000 and 2010 2000 2010 7% 8% 34% 1% 66% 84% Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 120: El Salvador’s composition of public spending on social assistance by program category, 2000- 2010 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs School feeding Social pension Child benefits Disability benefits Other Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 144 Figure 121: El Salvador’s beneficiaries of social assistance by program category, percent of population, 2000-2010 % Population El Salvador 25 20 15 10 5 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 School feeding Social pension Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. School feeding: Programa de Alimentacion Escolar; Social Pension: Pensión Básica Universal para personas adultas mayores. Table 83: El Salvador’s beneficiaries of social assistance programs by program category, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 CCTs School feeding 349177 551312 659201 715762 757770 769337 Social pension Disability benefits 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs School feeding 710626 703088 877041 1310286 1316779 Social pension 6487 8019 Disability benefits Notes: Ibid. Table 84: El Salvador’s beneficiaries of social assistance by program category, percent of population, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs School feeding 5.86 9.21 10.97 11.87 12.52 12.67 11.66 11.48 14.26 21.19 21.18 Social pension 0.10 0.13 Disability benefits Notes: Ibid. 145 16.10 Uruguay 16.10.1 Overall Figure 122: Uruguay’s public spending on social protection by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Uruguay 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Labor Market Social Assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 123: Uruguay’s public spending on social protection by program area, percent of total government spending, 2000-2010 %Total Government Spending Uruguay 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Labor Market Social Assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 146 16.10.2 Social Assistance Figure 124: Uruguay’s public spending on social assistance by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Uruguay 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 2.00 0.00 School feeding Other food prog Social pension Child benefits Disability benefits Funeral allowance Education benefits 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Special benefits Emergency benefits Other SSN Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 85: Uruguay’s public spending on social assistance by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 0.102 0.145 0.366 0.520 0.434 0.351 0.428 0.387 School feeding 0.053 0.064 0.076 0.108 0.107 0.107 0.099 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Social pension 0.504 0.509 0.502 0.446 0.415 0.424 0.430 0.423 0.438 0.485 0.495 Child benefits 0.041 0.050 0.049 0.056 0.063 0.071 0.069 0.082 0.089 0.096 0.095 Disability benefits 0.000 0.000 0.000 Other 0.006 0.007 0.006 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 86: Uruguay’s public spending on social assistance by program category, billions of pesos, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 0.35 0.57 0.76 0.86 0.96 2.29 3.02 3.13 School feeding 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.37 0.42 0.46 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Social pension 1.39 1.42 1.45 1.52 1.63 1.80 2.05 2.37 2.86 3.43 4.00 Child benefits 0.11 0.14 0.14 0.19 0.25 0.30 0.33 0.46 0.58 0.68 0.77 Disability benefits 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other 0.04 0.05 0.05 Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 147 Figure 125: Uruguay’s composition of public spending on social assistance by program category, 2000 and 2010 2000 2010 6.8% 0.7% 9.0% 9.6% 39.4% 50.3% 84.2% Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Figure 126: Uruguay’s composition of public spending on social assistance by program category, 2000- 2010 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs School feeding Social pension Child benefits Disability benefits Other Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 148 Figure 127: Uruguay’s beneficiaries of social assistance by program category, percent of population, 2000-2010 % Population Uruguay 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs Social pension Disability benefits Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. CCT: Asignaciones Familiares no contributivas - Plan de Equidad Ley 18.227, Asignaciones Familiares no contributivas - Ley 17.139 and Asignaciones Familiares no contributivas - Ley 17.758; Social Pension: Pensiones no contributivas por vejez e invalidez; Family and Child Benefits: Protección Integral a la Infancia y la Adolescencia; Disability Benefits: Procladis. Table 87: Uruguay’s beneficiaries of social assistance programs by program category, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 CCTs 0 0 0 108956 107705 222928 School feeding Social pension 64965 63941 6417 64585 65518 66956 Disability benefits 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 222715 216952 381211 400440 420128 School feeding Social pension 69359 71618 75667 7843 8289 Disability benefits 0 135 90 Notes: Ibid. Table 88: Uruguay’s beneficiaries of social assistance by program category, percent of population, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CCTs 3.28 3.24 6.70 6.69 6.50 11.38 11.92 12.46 School feeding Social pension 1.96 1.92 0.19 1.94 1.97 2.01 2.08 2.15 2.26 0.23 0.25 Disability benefits 0.00 0.00 Notes: Ibid. 149 16.10.3 Labor Market Figure 128: Uruguay’s public spending on labor market programs by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 % GDP Uruguay 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services Institutional training Workplace training Alternate training 1.20 Special support for apprenticeship Recruitment incentives 0.70 Employment maintenance incentives Supported employment Rehabilitation 2000 2001 Direct job creation Start up incentives Unemployment insurance Unemployment assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. The data includes only central government level programs. 150 Table 89: Uruguay’s public spending on labor market programs by program area, percent of GDP, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services Institutional training Workplace training Alternate training Special support for apprenticeship Recruitment incentives Employment maintenance incentives Supported employment Rehabilitation Direct job creation 0.028 0.038 0.026 Start-up incentives Unemployment insurance 0.400 0.482 0.568 0.313 0.178 0.168 0.192 0.209 0.213 0.320 0.312 Unemployment assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. Table 90: Uruguay’s public spending on labor market programs by program area, billions of pesos, 2000-2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Placement and related services Institutional training Workplace training Alternate training Special support for apprenticeship Recruitment incentives Employment maintenance incentives Supported employment Rehabilitation Direct job creation 0.185 0.267 0.21 Start-up incentives Unemployment insurance 1.11 1.34 1.64 1.06 0.7 0.712 0.917 1.17 1.39 2.26 2.52 Unemployment assistance Notes: The data includes only central government level programs. 151 Annex C: List of sources used to collect program level administrative data by country 17 Argentina Program Program Title Source Category Programa Sectorial de Calificaciones Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Sistema Federal de Empleo Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Public Programa Asistir Consultant's report, underlying source not specified employment services and PIL_Programa de Inserción en el sector privado Consultant's report, underlying source not specified administration Programa Regional de Capacitación e Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Intermediación laboral de la Polación Ciega, “Programa Agora” Seguro de Capacitación y Empleo Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social Programa de Formación Técnica y Profesional de OIT - Protección Social en Argentina Mujeres de Bajos Ingresos (FORMUJER) Programa Regional para el Fortalecimiento de la Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Formación Técnico y Profesional de Mujeres de Bajos Ingresos (FOMUJER) Especiales de Capacitación Laboral (R180) Panorama de la Seguridad Social, Año 2001 y 2002, en base a datos suministrados por la Secretaria de Empleo, Ministerio de Trabajo, Training Empleo y Seguridad Social Programa de Capacitación Laboral (R280) Ibid. Programa de Capacitación Sectorial (R191) Ibid. Progamade Entrenamiento Ocupacional (PRENO) Ibid. Programa de Capacitación Sectorial (600) Ibid. Especiales de Capacitación Laboral (610) Ibid. Programa de apoyo a la productividad y Ibid. empleabilidad de jóvenes (631) 152 Programa Estudiar es Trabajar (641) ILO Programa de Empleo Privado a PYMES (PEP- Consultant's report, underlying source not specified PYME) Programa Aprender (Ex-PRONAPAS) Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa Especial de Capacitacion (R210) Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Crédito Fiscal para Capacitación del INET Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Crédito Fiscal para Capacitación de la SEPYME Cuenta de Inversión, Secretaría de Hacienda, Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas Públicas Régimen de Crédito Fiscal del MTEySS para Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social (MTESS) PyMES y Grandes Empresas Acciones de Capacitación Laboral Cuenta de Inversión, Secretaría de Hacienda, Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas Públicas (MECON) Programa Jóvenes con Más y Mejor Trabajo Informe Mensual del Programa. Dirección de Información Estratégica para el Empleo, Secretaría de Empleo, Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social Programa Jóvenes con Más y Mejor Trabajo http://www.trabajo.gov.ar/jovenes/ayudas.asp Programa Formación con Equidad para el Trabajo Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Decente Programa Nosotras Politícas Publicas de Empleo II (1999/2002). J. Neffa and B. Brown. Programa desarrollo del Empleo Local Secretaría de Empleo, Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social Programa nacional de forestación intensiva Panorama de la Seguridad Social, Año 2001 y 2002, en base a datos (Forestar) suministrados por la Secretaria de Empleo, Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social Employment Programa de Acciones Especiales de Empleo Ibid. incentives Programa de Apoyo al Empleo (315) Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa de Emergencia Laboral (PEL) Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa Crear Trabajo (CT) Own estimation Programa Interzafra Secretaría de Empleo, Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social 153 Programa Nacional de Pasantías para la Own estimation Reconverción Laboral (PRONAPAS) Proempleo Panorama de la Seguridad Social, Año 2001 y 2002, en base a datos suministrados por la Secretaria de Empleo, Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social Programa de Asistencia Solidaria (PROAS) Own estimation Programa de apoyo a la reconversión de la esquila Consultant's report, underlying source not specified (PROLANA) Sostenimiento del Empleo Frente a la Emergencia Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Climática Programa de Inserción Laboral (PIL) Cuenta de Inversión, Secretaría de Hacienda, Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas Públicas (MECON) Supported Programa de Recuperación Productiva (REPRO) Secretaría de Trabajo, Ministerio de Trabajo Empleo y Seguridad Social employment and rehabilitation Programa Trabajar I Panorama de la Seguridad Social, Año 2001 y 2002, en base a datos suministrados por la Secretaria de Empleo, Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social Programa Trabajar II Ibid. Programa Trabajar III Ibid. Programa Trabajar III (con Materiales) Ibid. Servicios Comunitarios Ibid. Plan de Empleo Comunitario (PEC) Secretaría de Empleo, Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social Direct job creation Programa de Empleo Transitorio en Obra Pública Consultant's report, underlying source not specified con Aporte de Materiales a Trabajadores Constructores Programa de Ingreso Social con Trabajo “Argentina Cuenta de Inversión, Secretaría de Hacienda, Ministerio de Economía y Trabaja” Finanzas Públicas Programa de Ingreso Social con Trabajo “Argentina (2006-2009) Voces en el Fenix. La revista del Plan Fénix año 2 número 6 Trabaja” JUNIO 2011. Buenos Aires, Argentina. (2010) Cuenta de Inversión, Secretaría de Hacienda, Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas Públicas (MECON) 154 Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Local y Economía Cuenta de Inversión, Secretaría de Hacienda, Ministerio de Economía y Social “Manos a la Obra” Finanzas Públicas Jefes y Jefas de Hogar Desocupado Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social Jefes y Jefas de Hogar Desocupado Dirección de Análisis de Gasto Público y Programas Sociales - Secretaría de Política Económica, MECON Herramientas por Trabajo Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Start-up incentives Programa Nacional de Promoción y asistencia del Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Trabajo Autogestionado y la Microempresa Out-of-work Seguro de Desempleo Boletín Estadístico de la Seguridad Social, Ministerio de Trabajo, income Empleo y Seguridad Social maintenance and Pago Único Seguro de Desempleo Cuenta de Inversión, Secretaría de Hacienda, Ministerio de Economía y support Finanzas Públicas PEL_Emergencia Laboral - Convenios (PEL 80) Consultant's report, underlying source not specified PEL_Emergencia Laboral - Desarrollo Comunitario Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Línea A (PEL A200) PEL_Emergencia Laboral - Desarrollo Comunitario Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Línea B (PEL B210) 2000 PEL_Emergencia Laboral - Desarrollo Productivo Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Local Línea A (PEL A220) 2000 PEL_Emergencia Laboral - Desarrollo Productivo Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Local Línea B (PEL B230) 2000 Other LM PEL_Desarrollo Comunitario (PEL A-202) Consultant's report, underlying source not specified CT_Crear Trabajo Línea A - Consorcios Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Productivos Locales (CT. Consor. A-800) CT_Crer Trabajo - Autoempleo Productivo Familiar Consultant's report, underlying source not specified (CT. Autoempleo B810) CT_Crear Trabajo Línea B - Autoempleo Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Productivo y Microempresa B (CT. B820) CT_Crear Trabajo Línea C - Pequeñas Empresas Consultant's report, underlying source not specified (CT. 830) 155 Ingreso para el Desarrollo Humano Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Promoción de Emprendimientos Productivos Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Solidarios (REDES) Participación e Integración Juvenil Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Acciones de Capacitación para el Desarrollo del Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Capital Social PIL_Línea de Promoción de Autoempleo Consultant's report, underlying source not specified PIL_Actividades de Entrenamiento para el trabajo Consultant's report, underlying source not specified en el sector público Plan Nacional de Abordaje Integral “Ahí en el Consultant's report, underlying source not specified lugar” Centros Integradores Comunitarios (CIC) Consultant's report, underlying source not specified PEL_Emergencia Laboral - Convenios (PEL 80) Panorama de la Seguridad Social, Año 2001 y 2002, en base a datos suministrados por la Secretaria de Empleo, Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social PEL_Emergencia Laboral - Desarrollo Comunitario Ibid. Línea A (PEL A200) PEL_Emergencia Laboral - Desarrollo Comunitario Ibid. Línea B (PEL B210) 2000 PEL_Emergencia Laboral - Desarrollo Productivo Ibid. Local Línea A (PEL A220) 2000 PEL_Desarrollo Comunitario (PEL A-202) Ibid. PEL_Desarrollo Comunitario (PEL A-202) Políticas de Empleo II (1999/2002). J. Neffa and B. Brown. Documento de Trabajo Nro.6, Ceil-Piette. Conicet CT_Crear Trabajo Línea A - Consorcios Panorama de la Seguridad Social, Año 2001 y 2002, en base a datos Productivos Locales (CT. Consor. A-800) suministrados por la Secretaria de Empleo, Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social CT_Crer Trabajo - Autoempleo Productivo Familiar Ibid. (CT. Autoempleo B810) CT_Crear Trabajo Línea B - Autoempleo Ibid. Productivo y Microempresa B (CT. B820) 156 CT_Crear Trabajo Línea C - Pequeñas Empresas Ibid. (CT. 830) CT_Crear Trabajo Línea C - Pequeñas Empresas J. Neffa and B. Brown. Documento de Trabajo Nro.6, Ceil-Piette. (CT. 830) Conicet Promoción de Emprendimientos Productivos ILO, Social Protection in Argentina, Bertranou Solidarios (REDES) Participación e Integración Juvenil Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Acciones de Capacitación para el Desarrollo del Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Capital Social PIL_Línea de Promoción de Autoempleo Consultant's report, underlying source not specified PIL_Actividades de Entrenamiento para el trabajo Consultant's report, underlying source not specified en el sector público Programa Familias por la Inclusión Social - Number of Families Registered in Cuenta de Inversión, Ministerio de Atención de Grupos Vulnerables (de 2003 hacia Economía y Finanzas Públicas atrás) Conditional Cash Programa Familias por la Inclusión Social - Own estimation based on Familias Register in Cuenta de Inversión, Transfers (CCT) Atención de Grupos Vulnerables (de 2003 hacia Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas Públicas. 2010 data correspond to atrás) 2009 National Government Budget Asignación Universal por Hijo para la Protección Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social based on ANSeS Social Plan Mayores Secretaría de Empleo, Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social Social Pension Pensión no contributiva a la vejez Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social Asignación por mujer embarazada para protección Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Family and Child social Benefits Pension no contributiva para Madres de 7 hijos o Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social más Pensión no contributiva por discapacidad Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social Pensión no contributiva por discapacidad Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social, 97 y 98 (own Disability Benefits estimation) Servicio Nacional de Rehabilitación y Promoción Consultant's report, underlying source not specified de las Personas con Discapacidad -Prevención y Control de Discapacidades 157 Programa de Integración para Personas con Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Discapacidad - Integración Social Sistema de Prestaciones Básicas de Atención Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Integral a Favor de las Personas con Discapacidad Programa Especial de Asistencia Técnica para el http://www.trabajo.gob.ar/discapacidad/programas.asp Trabajo Programa de Inserción Laboral para Trabajadores/as http://www.trabajo.gob.ar/discapacidad/programas.asp con Discapacidad Programa de Acciones de Entrenamiento para el http://www.trabajo.gob.ar/discapacidad/programas.asp Trabajo para Trabajadores con Discapacidad (Sector Público y Privado e Instituciones sin fines de lucro) Programa de Terminalidad Educativa http://www.trabajo.gob.ar/discapacidad/programas.asp Programa de Apoyo Económico a los Talleres http://www.trabajo.gob.ar/discapacidad/programas.asp Protegidos de Producción Comedores Escolares Cuenta de Inversión, Secretaría de Hacienda, Ministerio de Economía y School feeding Finanzas Públicas Plan Nacional de Seguridad Alimentaria Ibid. Ayudas alimentarias (ticket alimentario sustituibles Ibid. por alimentos y otros) Complemento Alimentario (Módulo alimentario Ibid. remitido) Pro-Huerta Ibid. Other food program Fondo Participativo de Inversión Social (FOPAR) - Ibid. Comedores comunitarios Programa de Emergencia Alimentaria (PEA) Ibid. Proyecto de Mejoramiento de Calidad de Servicios Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Alimentarios - Acciones para la Calidad Educativa Pro-Huerta Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Funeral Subsidio de Contención Familiar por Fallecimiento Cuenta de Inversión, Secretaría de Hacienda, Ministerio de Economía y Allowance Finanzas Públicas and ANSeS 158 Subsidio de Contención Familiar por Fallecimiento ANSES Programas de Becas Nacionales Ministerio de Educación, Dirección Nacional de Políticas Socioeducativas - Coordinación de Gestión de Becas Programa Nacional de Becas Estudiantiles (PNBE): Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Proyecto Becas Estudiantiles - Asignación de Becas Estudiantiles Programa Nacional de Inclusión Educativa Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Apoyo para la Escolaridad de alumnos Consultant's report, underlying source not specified comprendidos en las Becas Ley Islas Malvinas y Atlántico Sur Apoyo para la escolaridad de alumnos Consultant's report, underlying source not specified comprendidos en becas Ley - Padrinazgo Presidencial Becas Específicas Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Becas TIC 2009 Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Education Benefits Becas para la inclusión y retención Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Becas de Apoyo para la Escolaridad Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Complementarias a la AUH Apoyo para la Escolaridad de alumnos bajo Consultant's report, underlying source not specified protección judicial Apoyo para la Escolaridad de alumnas embarazadas Consultant's report, underlying source not specified y/o alumnos/as padres y madres Apoyo para la Escolaridad de alumnos Consultant's report, underlying source not specified pertenecientes a pueblos originarios – Convenio con INAI Estímulos económicos para estudiantes ingresantes Consultant's report, underlying source not specified de pueblos originarios Apoyo para la Escolaridad de alumnos Consultant's report, underlying source not specified comprendidos en las Becas Ley Islas Malvinas y Atlántico Sur 159 Apoyo para la escolaridad de alumnos Consultant's report, underlying source not specified comprendidos en becas Ley - Padrinazgo Presidencial Becas Específicas Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Becas TIC 2009 Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Becas para la inclusión y retención Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Becas de Apoyo para la Escolaridad Ministerio de Educación, Dirección Nacional de Políticas Complementarias a la AUH Socioeducativas, Coordinación Gestión de Becas Apoyo para la Escolaridad de alumnos bajo Consultant's report, underlying source not specified protección judicial Apoyo para la Escolaridad de alumnas embarazadas Consultant's report, underlying source not specified y/o alumnos/as padres y madres Apoyo para la Escolaridad de alumnos Consultant's report, underlying source not specified pertenecientes a pueblos originarios – Convenio con INAI Estímulos económicos para estudiantes ingresantes Consultant's report, underlying source not specified de pueblos originarios Apoyo para la Escolaridad de alumnos Consultant's report, underlying source not specified comprendidos en las Becas Ley Islas Malvinas y Atlántico Sur Apoyo para la escolaridad de alumnos Consultant's report, underlying source not specified comprendidos en becas Ley - Padrinazgo Presidencial Becas Específicas Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Becas TIC 2009 Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Becas para la inclusión y retención Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Becas de Apoyo para la Escolaridad Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Complementarias a la AUH Apoyo para la Escolaridad de alumnos bajo Consultant's report, underlying source not specified protección judicial 160 Apoyo para la Escolaridad de alumnas embarazadas Consultant's report, underlying source not specified y/o alumnos/as padres y madres Apoyo para la Escolaridad de alumnos Consultant's report, underlying source not specified pertenecientes a pueblos originarios – Convenio con INAI Estímulos económicos para estudiantes ingresantes Consultant's report, underlying source not specified de pueblos originarios Pension no contributiva por Leyes Especiales Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social Pensiones no contributivas Graciables (Otorgadas Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social por el Congreso Nacional) Special benefits Pension no contributiva a Veteranos de la Guerra de Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social Malvinas Programa de Inclusión y Capacitación de la Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Seguridad Social para los Pueblos Indígenas “Bienestar para Nuestra Gente” Emergencias para Catástrofes o Emergencias Cuenta de Inversión, Secretaría de Hacienda, Ministerio de Economía y Emergency benefit Climáticas Finanzas Públicas Programa Ayudas Urgentes Ibid. Programa de Adolescencia e Integración Social - Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Acciones Federales para la Integración Social Other SSN Programa Federal de la Mujer - Formulación e ILO, Social Protection Implementación de Políticas Públicas de la Mujer 18 Brazil Program Program Title Source Category Training Economia solidária - Trabalho e Renda e Economia Portal da Transparência do Governo Federal/ Presidência da República Solidária em base territorial (PLANTEQS) – Controladoria Geral da União. Economia Solidaria - Qualificação Social e Ibid. Profissional do Sistema Público de Emprego 161 Economia Solidaria - Qualificação Social e Ibid. Profissional de Trabalhadores para o Acesso e Manutenção ao Emprego, Trabalho e Renda em Base Setorial (PlanSeQs) Programa Nacional de Inclusão de Jovens- Pro-Jovem Portal da Transparência do Governo Federal/ Presidência da República – Controladoria Geral da União. http://www.projovem.gov.br/site/interna.php?p=material&tipo=Conteu dos&cod=14 PLANSEQ (Programa Proximo Passo) Management Report of Worker’s Support Fund (FAT) / Ministry of Labour and Employment. Employment Recursos Pesqueiros Sustentáveis Ibid. incentives Bolsa de Qualificação Profissional Ibid. Abono Salarial do PIS/PASEP Ibid. Primeiro Emprego Ibid. Supported Promoção da Inclusão Produtiva Portal da Transparência do Governo Federal/ Presidência da República employment and – Controladoria Geral da União. rehabilitation Direct job creation Economia Solidaria - Programa Economia Solidaria http://portal.mte.gov.br/data/files/FF8080812C18024B012C18569A9C em Desemvolvimento 5449/chamada_publica_13_servicos.pdf http://www.mte.gov.br/institucional/ploa2011mte.pdf Relatorio de Gestao FAT (Fundo de Amparo ao Trabalhador, Ministerio de Trabalho e Emprego) http://portal.mte.gov.br/fat/relatorio-de-gestao- do-fat.htm Out-of-work Seguro Desemprego Management Report of Worker’s Support Fund (FAT). Ministry of income Labour and Employment. maintenance and Fundo de Garantia de Tempo do Servicio Ibid. support Seguro desemprego do trabalhador domestico Ibid. Conditional Cash Bolsa Família “Análise comparativa de programas de proteção social de 1995 a 2003” Transfers (CCT) / SAGI: Data Visualization Tool / Ministry of Social Development and Fight Against Hunger. Brasil Sem Miséria Own estimation Bolsa Alimentação Ibid. Bolsa Escola Ibid. 162 Cartão Alimentação Ibid. School feeding Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar National Fund for Educational Development / Ministry of Education. Other food Programa de aquisição de alimentos da agricultura Portal da Transparência do Governo Federal/ Presidência da República program familiar – Controladoria Geral da União. Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional dos Povos Ibid. Indígenas Social Pension Previdência Rural Fonte: Anuário Estatístico da Previdência Social - versão InfoLogo Previdência Rural CEPAL_social pensions Database Benefício de Prestação Continuada (LOAS) + Renda For CCB (LOAS): “Análise comparativa de programas de proteção Mensal Vitalícia (old age) social de 1995 a 2003” / SAGI: Data Visualization Tool / Ministry of Social Development and Fight Against Hunger. For LMI (Renda Mensal Vitalícia): Statistical Yearbook of the Social Security / Ministry of Social Security. Benefício de Prestação Continuada (LOAS) - Vejez Own estimation Renda Mensal Vitalícia - Vejez Own estimation Disability Benefits Benefício de Prestação Continuada (LOAS) + Renda For CCB (LOAS): “Análise comparativa de programas de proteção Mensal Vitalícia (disability) social de 1995 a 2003” / SAGI: Data Visualization Tool / Ministry of Social Development and Fight Against Hunger. For LMI (Renda Mensal Vitalícia): Statistical Yearbook of the Social Security / Ministry of Social Security. Benefício de Prestação Continuada (LOAS) - Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Discapacidad Renda Mensal Vitalícia - Discapacidad Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Other SSN Agente Jovem de Desenvolvimento Social e Humano Fuente: Análise Comparativa de Programas de Proteção Social 1995 a 2003, Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome Garantia Safra Own estimation Combate ao Abuso e à Exploração Sexual de Crianças “Análise comparativa de programas de proteção social de 1995 a 2003” e Adolescentes - Sentinela / SAGI: Data Visualization Tool / Ministry of Social Development and Fight Against Hunger. Sentinala Own estimation 163 Cisternas Portal da Transparência do Governo Federal/ Presidência da República – Controladoria Geral da União. Agricultura Urbana Ibid. Centro de Referência de Assistência Social Ibid. Programa de Atenção integral a famílias Ibid. Projovem Adolescente Ibid. Bolsa Renda “Análise comparativa de programas de proteção social de 1995 a 2003” / SAGI: Data Visualization Tool / Ministry of Social Development and Fight Against Hunger. Programa de Erradicação do Trabalho Infantil (PETI) MDS (2007). "Dados dos programas do Ministerio do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate a Fome. Evolução 2004 - 2007"; MDS y UNICEF (2004). "Análise Situacional do Programa de Erradicação do Trabalho Infantil - PETI", Brasilia. 19 Chile Program Program Title Source Category Public Línea de Intermediación Laboral (Transversal) Dirección de Presupuestos, Ministerio de Hacienda www.dipres.gob.c employment Programa de Reinserción Laboral para Adultos Ibid. services and (mayores de 40 años) administration Programa Red de Empleo Ibid. Programa de Certificación y Evaluación de Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Competencias Laborales Programa de Certificación de Competencias de Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Empleabilidad Programa de Reconversión Laboral Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa Ex Trabajadores Portuarios Puerto Lirquen Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa de Empleabilildad Juvenil Regular MIDEPLAN Presentation Training Becas Fondo de Cesantía Solidario SENSE, Departamento de Empleo 164 Becas Para Trabajadores Dirección de Presupuestos, Ministerio de Hacienda www.dipres.gob.c Bono de Capacitación Empresa & Negocio Servicio Nacional de Capacitación y Empleo (SENSE) Bono de Capacitación Trabajador Activo Servicio Nacional de Capacitación y Empleo (SENSE) Capacitación especial de jóvenes Dirección de Presupuestos, Ministerio de Hacienda www.dipres.gob.c Capacitación especial de jóvenes Banco Central de Chile http://si3.bcentral.cl/Indicadoressiete/secure/Indicadoresdiarios.aspx and http://si3.bcentral.cl/Indicadoressiete/secure/Serie.aspx?param=yRFn1 R=M0- Capacitación para programa Empleo Directo Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Chile Jóven Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Fondo de Capacitación para Trabajadores Dirección de Presupuestos, Ministerio de Hacienda www.dipres.gob.c Independientes y Microempresas Franquicia Tributaria para Capacitación Laboral SENSE, Departamento de Empleo Mujer Trabajadora Jefe de Hogar MIDEPLAN Presentation Oficios: Apoyo y Capacitación para el Trabajo Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa Becas Micro y Pequeña Empresa Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa capacitación Plan Mas Trabajo Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa Chile Califica_ Línea : Capacitación a la Consultant's report, underlying source not specified MYPEs ( Módulos: Complementarios de Capacitación en Emprendimientos, Exportadores y Fortalecimiento organizaciones empresariales). Programa Chile Califica_ Línea: Aplicación de las Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación - NTIC a la capacitación Laboral (alfabetización digital y E- learning) Programa Chile Califica_Línea Competencias de Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Empleabilidad Programa Chile Califica_Línea Competencias Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Laborales Programa Chile Califica_Línea: Experiencias Consultant's report, underlying source not specified 165 Demostrativas de Articulación de Capacitación con Nivelación de Estudios Programa Chile Emprende MIDEPLAN Presentation Programa Contrato de Aprendisaje Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa de Apoyo al Empleo Sistema Chile Solidario Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa de aprendices Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa de Aprendisaje Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa de Becas Individuales Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa de Becas Regionales Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa de Bonificación a la Contratación de mano Consultant's report, underlying source not specified de obra para jóvenes en riesgo social del sistema chile solidario - PROEMPLEO Chile Solidario Programa de Capacitación en Oficios Dirección de Presupuestos, Ministerio de Hacienda www.dipres.gob.cl Programa de Capacitación Laboral de Jóvenes Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa de Capacitación y Educación Permanente Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa de Educación y Capacitación Permanente, Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Chile Califica Programa de Formación en el Puesto de Trabajo Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa de Formación y Capacitación de Mujeres MIDEPLAN Presentation Campesinas Programa de Formación, Capacitación y Empleo Dirección de Presupuestos, Ministerio de Hacienda www.dipres.gob.cl Programa de Incentivo a las MYPE_Discapacitados Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa de Incentivo a las MYPE_E-Learning Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa de Incentivo a las MYPE_Especial MYPE Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa de Incentivo a las MYPE_normal Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa de Preparación para el trabajo MIDEPLAN Presentation Programa de Trab. Perceptores de Salario Mínimo Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa Desarrollo Competencias Laborales Mujeres Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Chile Solidario 166 Programa Especial de Jóvenes Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa Jóvenes Bicentenario SENSE: http://www.sence.cl/sence/wp- content/uploads/2011/03/NotaTecnica8_2010_JovenesBicentenario.pdf and http://www.oitcinterfor.org/experiencia/programa- j%C3%B3venes-bicentenario-sence-chile Programa Jóvenes_Línea: Formación en Oficios Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa Línea Formativa MIDEPLAN Presentation Promoción de la Empleabilidad y el Emprendimiento MIDEPLAN Presentation Employment Programa de Generación de Empleo Dirección de Presupuestos, Ministerio de Hacienda www.dipres.gob.cl incentives Subsidio al Empleo Jóven Dirección de Presupuestos, Ministerio de Hacienda www.dipres.gob.cl Programa de Bonificación a la Capacitación - Dirección de Presupuestos, Ministerio de Hacienda www.dipres.gob.cl PROEMPLEO Regular Programa Fortalecimiento de Oficinas Municipales de Servicio Nacional de Capacitación y Empleo (SENSE) Información Laboral - OMIL Direct job creation Programa de Emergencia de Empleo Dirección de Presupuestos, Ministerio de Hacienda www.dipres.gob.c Programa Inversión en la Comunidad - Programa de MIDEPLAN Presentation Empleo de Emergencia "Mejor Trabajo" Start-up incentives Programa Generación Microemprendimiento Indigena MIDEPLAN Presentation Urbano Subsidio al Fomento de la Economía Indígena Urbana MIDEPLAN Presentation y Rural Programa Emprende Más MIDEPLAN Presentation Programa de Apoyo a Emprendimientos Sociales Dirección de Presupuestos, Ministerio de Hacienda www.dipres.gob.cl Out-of-work Subsidio de Cesantía Superintendencia de Seguridad Social income Seguro de Cesantía (financiado con capitalización Superintendencia de Pensiones y Seguro de Cesantía maintenance and individual) support Seguro de Cesantía (financiado con fondo solidario) Superintendencia de Pensiones y Seguro de Cesantía Seguro de Desempleo para Trabajadoras Domésticas Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Conditional Cash Subsidio familiar Superintendencia de Seguridad Social Transfers (CCT) 167 School feeding Junta Nacional de Auxilio Escolar Y Becas http://si3.bcentral.cl/Indicadoressiete/secure/Indicadoresdiarios.aspx and http://si3.bcentral.cl/Indicadoressiete/secure/Serie.aspx?param=yRFn1 R=M0- Other food Programa nacional de alimentación complementaria Departamento de Presupuestos, Ministerio de Hacienda; Resumenes program Estadísticos Mensulaes del Departamento de Estadísticas e Información del Ministerio de Salud Programa nacional de alimentación complementaria Ibid. del adulto mayor Social Pension Pension Asistencial de Ancianidad e Invalidez Superintendencia de Seguridad Social Garnatía Estatal de Pensión Mínima - Vejez Superintendencia de Pensiones; NOTA TECNICA 2 "Garantías Estatales de Pensión: Conceptos y Estadísticas", publicado por la Superintendencia de Pensiones. Garnatía Estatal de Pensión Mínima - Invalidez Ibid. Garnatía Estatal de Pensión Mínima - Sobrevivencia Ibid. Pension Basica Solidaria y Aporte Previsional Consejo Consultivo Previsional, presentacion Noviembre de 2011; Solidario - Vejez Superintendencia de Pensiones Pension Basica Solidaria y Aporte Previsional Ibid. Solidario - Invalidez Aporte Previsional Solidario - Vejez Ibid. Aporte Previsional Solidario - Invalidez Ibid. Family and Child Asignaciones Familiares Superintendencia de Seguridad Social Benefits Junta nacional de jardínes infantiles http://si3.bcentral.cl/Indicadoressiete/secure/Indicadoresdiarios.aspx and http://si3.bcentral.cl/Indicadoressiete/secure/Serie.aspx?param=yRFn1 R=M0- Beca Presidente de la República Ibid. Servicio nacional de menores Ibid. Disability Benefits Subsidio por Discapacidad Mental Superintendencia de Seguridad Social Special benefits Beca Estudiantes de Post Grado http://si3.bcentral.cl/Indicadoressiete/secure/Indicadoresdiarios.aspx and http://si3.bcentral.cl/Indicadoressiete/secure/Serie.aspx?param=yRFn1 168 R=M0- Fondo de Solidaridad e Inversión Social Dirección de Presupuestos, Ministerio de Hacienda www.dipres.gob.cl Other SSN Programa 4 a 7: Mujer, Trabajo y Participación Dirección de Presupuestos, Ministerio de Hacienda www.dipres.gob.cl Programa de Mejoramiento Urbano y Equipamiento Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Comunal Servicio Nacional de la Mujer http://si3.bcentral.cl/Indicadoressiete/secure/Indicadoresdiarios.aspx and http://si3.bcentral.cl/Indicadoressiete/secure/Serie.aspx?param=yRFn1 R=M0- Instituto Nacional de la Juventud Ibid. Corporacion nacional de desarrollo indigena Ibid. Fondo nacional de la discapacidad Ibid. Fundación para la Superación de la Pobreza Ibid. Fundación INTEGRA Ibid. Fundación PRODEMU Ibid. Fundación de la Familia Ibid. Comision nacional del control de estupefacientes Ibid. Programa de Seguridad y participación ciudadana Ibid. 20 Colombia Program Program Title Source Category Public SENA servicios de Intermediación Consultant's report, underlying source not specified employment services and administration Training Jóvenes Rurales CEBRA Presupuestal Jóvenes en Acción SIGOB-Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje SENA. Presupuesto con base en SIIF. 169 Programa de Atención a Desplazados y Población CEBRA Presupuestal Vulnerable Promoción de la Empresarialidad entre los Jóvenes Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Colombianos Incentivo a la Capacitación para el Empleo – ICE Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Employment Programa de Apoyo Directo al Empleo –PADE- Consultant's report, underlying source not specified incentives Direct job creation Programa de Empleo de Emergencia Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Empleo en Acción FIP informe de resultados 2005 Start-up incentives Fondo Emprender Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Proyecto de Apoyo al Desarrollo de la Microempresa Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Rural – PADEMER Out-of-work Subsidio al desempleo (Superintendencia de Subsidio Superintendencia de Subsidio Familiar. Oficina de Planeación-Grupo income Familiar) de Estadística. Informes Estadísticos. maintenance and support FONEDE CEBRA Presupuestal Conditional Cash Familias en Acción SIGOB-Acción Social. Presupuesto con base en SIIF. Los beneficiarios Transfers (CCT) corresponden a número de familias School feeding Programa de Alimentación Escolar Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar.Dirección de Planeación. Programa de Desayunos Infantiles con Amor (DIA) Ibid. Other food Red de Seguridad Alimentaria (RESA) SIGOB-Acción Social. Presupuesto con base en SIIF. Los beneficiarios program corresponden a número de familias. Beneficiarios 2006 (ago-dic) Programa de Alimentación al Adulto Mayor - Juan Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar.Dirección de Planeación. Luis Londoño de la Cuesta Social Pension Programa de Protección Social al Adulto Mayor SIGOB-Ministerio de la Protección Social. Presupuesto con base en SIIF. Fondo de Solidaridad Pensional-Subcuenta de Departamento Nacional de Planeación. Dirección de Desarrollo Social. Solidaridad Subdirección de Empleo y Seguridad. Número de beneficiarios con base en informes de seguimineto a la Ley General de Presupuesto. Presupuesto con base en SIIF. Programa de Subsidio de Aporte a Pensión (PSAP) Consultant's report, underlying source not specified 170 Programa de Protección Social al Adulto Mayor Consultant's report, underlying source not specified (PPSAM) Family and Child Subsidio Monetario Cajas de Compensación Familiar Superintendencia de Subsidio Familiar. Oficina de Planeación-Grupo Benefits de Estadística. Informes Estadísticos. Red para la Superación de la Pobreza Extrema - Acción Social. Red para la Superación de la Pobreza Extrema UNIDOS (antes JUNTOS). Componente (UNIDOS). Los beneficiarios corresponden a número de familias. acompañamiento familiar Hogares Comunitarios de Bienestar Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar.Dirección de Planeación. Hogares comunitarios de Bienestar Incluye: familiares,Multiples, grupales, empresariales. Hogares Comunitarios FAMI (Familia, mujer e Ibid. infancia) Jardines Sociales Ibid. Hogares Infantiles Ibid. Jardines Comunitarios Ibid. Lactantes y Preescolares Ibid. Materno Infantil Ibid. Recuperación Nutricional Ibid. Clubes Juveniles y Prejuveniles Ibid. Atención a Niños hasta los tres años, en Ibid. establecimientos de Reclusión de Mujeres Education Alfabetización y educación básica para jóvenes y Ministerio de Educación Nacional. Dirección de Cobertura y Equidad. Benefits adultos iletrados Subsidio Crédito Acces del ICETEX Instituto Colombiano de Crédito y Estudios Técnicos en el Exterior- ICETEX. Oficina Asesora de Planeación. Special benefits Familias Guardabosques SIGOB-Acción Social. Presupuesto con base en SIIF. Los beneficiarios corresponden a número de familias. Programa de Generación de Ingresos (Acción Social) Ibid. Emergency benefit Atención a victimas de la violencia Presupuesto con base en SIIF. Raciones alimentarias de emergencia ICBF SIGOB-Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar. (desplazados) 171 Other SSN Atención Inicial en Generación de Ingresos - PAI – GI. Consultant's report, underlying source not specified 21 Ecuador Program Program Title Source Category Public Socio Empleo Ministerio de Relaciones Laborales, Oficio No. 107-DGF-MRL-2011, employment Quito, junio 8 de 2011 services and administration Training Programa de formación profesional del SECAP SECAP, Servicio Ecuatoriano de Capacitación Profesional, Oficio No. 0044-DP-2011, Quito, junio 16 de 2011 SECAP http://www.secap.gob.ec/Documentos/Lotaip/PDF/INFORMACION_F INANCIERA/PRESUPUESTO_ANUAL/LIQUIDACION_DEL_2011 /Presupuesto_2011.pdf Secretaría Técnica de Capacitación y Formación http://www.setec.gob.ec/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_d Profesional ownload&gid=191&Itemid= Direct job creation Mi primer empleo Ministerio de Relaciones Laborales, Oficio No. 08245-DAG-DMRL- 2011, Quito, junio 15 de 2011 Out-of-work Seguro de cesantía (IESS) IESS, Oficio No. 65000000-00858, Quito, julio 12 de 2011 income Seguro de cesantía (ISSFA) Consultant's report, underlying source not specified maintenance and support Unemployment Insurance Savings Accounts Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Conditional Cash Bono de desarrollo Humano - Bono Solidario (de 1998 (2001-2005):CORDES, Corporación de Estudios Para el Desarrollo, Transfers (CCT) a 2003) Las finanzas Povinciales del gobierno Central, José Hidalgo, Vicente Albornoz, Felipe Hurtado, Cuaderno sobre descentralización N° 9, Quito, Febrero 2008, PAG. 29, Cuadro 26;(2006):Ministero de Coordinación del Desarrollo Social, Oficio No. MCDS-SGPGS-2011- 0124-0, Quito, marzo 30 de 2011. School feeding Programa de Alimentación Escolar (2002-2003):SIISE, Dirección de Información Socioeconómica del Sector Social, Ministerio de Finanzas, Presupuesto-Programa de Alimentación Escolar (http://www.siise.gov.ec);(2004- 2010):Ministerio de Educación, Dirección de Administración Escolar, Oficio No. 7059-CGAE-2011, PAE, Quito, junio 6 de 2011. 172 Programa Integrado de Micronutrientes Ministerio de Salud Pública, Programa Integrrado de Micronutrientes, Fany Fernandez Other food Alimentate Ecuador (a partir de 2004) anteriormente MIES, Alimentate Ecuador, Oficio No. MIES-CNAE-2011-0150-O, program se llamó Programa de Alimentación para el Desarrollo Quito, Abril 28 de 2011 Comunitario (PRADEC) que empezó en 2002 Acción Nutrición (Estrategia Interministerial) Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Complementación Alimentaria Ministerio de Salud Pública, Dirección de Nutrición, Oficio No. SSS- 11-2011-379, Quito, junio 2 de 2011 Social Pension Pensión para adultos mayores (2006):Ministero de Coordinación del Desarrollo Social, Oficio No. MCDS-SGPGS-2011-0124-0, Quito, marzo 30 de 2011;(2007- 2010):MIES, Ministerio de Inclusión Económica y Social-Programa de Protección Social, Oficio No. 00006-MIES-PPS-DN-DTV-2011, Quito, mayo 30 de 2011. Family and Child Hilando el desarrollo Ministero de Coordinación del Desarrollo Social, Oficio No. MCDS- Benefits SGPGS-2011-0124-0, Quito, marzo 30 de 2011 Erradicación de trabajo infantil Ministerio de Relaciones Laborales, Oficio No. 107-DGF-MRL-2011, Quito, junio 8 de 2011 Programa de Desarrollo Infantil Ministero de Coordinación del Desarrollo Social, Oficio No. MCDS- SGPGS-2011-0124-0, Quito, marzo 30 de 2011 Programa de Operación Rescate infantil ORI, Operación Rescate Infantil, Estadísticas, Cobertura 2007 CCDI (http://www.ori.gov.ec/html/2ejes_de_accion.html) Fondo de Desarrollo Infantil (FODI) INFA-MIES, mail Narcisa Piedra, Quito, junio 14 de 2011 Programa de Operación Rescate infantil Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Ecuador sin Niños en las Cárceles El Ciudadano, Programa "Ecuador Sin Niños en la Cárcel Avanza Exitosamente", Quito, Septiembre 19 de 2009, (http://www.elciudadano.gov.ec/index.php?option=com_content&view =article&id=5821:programa-ecuador-sin-ninos-en-las-carceles-avanza- exitosamente&catid=4:social&Itemid=45http://www.elciudadano.gov.e c/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5821:programa- ecuador-sin-ninos-en-las-carceles-avanza- exitosamente&catid=4:social&Itemid=45) Disability Benefits Pensión para discapacitados (2006):Ministero de Coordinación del Desarrollo Social, Oficio No. MCDS-SGPGS-2011-0124-0, Quito, marzo 30 de 2011;(2007- 2010):MIES, Ministerio de Inclusión Económica y Social-Programa de 173 Protección Social, Oficio No. 00006-MIES-PPS-DN-DTV-2011, Quito, mayo 30 de 2011. Bono para menores discapacitados MIES, Ministerio de Inclusión Económica y Social-Programa de Protección Social, Oficio No. 00006-MIES-PPS-DN-DTV-2011, Quito, mayo 30 de 2011 Bono Joaquin Gallegos Lara Vicepresidencia, Oficio No. VPR-2011-02470-O, Quito,20 de junio de 2011 Misión Solidaria "Manuela Espejo" Ibid. Ecuador Sin Barreras Ibid. Insersión de personas con discapacidad Ministerio de Relaciones Laborales, Oficio No. 08245-DAG-DMRL- 2011, Quito, junio 15 de 2011 Funeral Auxilio Funerales (2001-2006): IESS, Oficio No. 22000000-1297, Quito, julio 26 de Allowance 2011; (2007-2010): IESS, Oficio No. 22000000-1033, Quito, junio 13 de 2011. Cobertura de protección familiar (seguro de vida y MIES, Ministerio de Inclusión Económica y Social-Programa de servicios exequiales) Protección Social, Oficio No. 00006-MIES-PPS-DN-DTV-2011, Quito, mayo 30 de 2011 Education Programa Textos Escolares Ministero de Coordinación del Desarrollo Social, Oficio No. MCDS- Benefits SGPGS-2011-0124-0, Quito, marzo 30 de 2011 Bono matrícula para la eliminación del aporte SIGOB, Metas por institución, ME - Eliminación de Aportes voluntario Voluntarios Unidades Educativas del Milenio Ministerio de Educación, Rendición de Cuentas 2010, Más Educación con Calidad, Equidad y Calidez, Quito, Mayo 2011 (http://www.educacion.gob.ec/_upload/Rendicion_%202010.pdf) Programa Nacional de Educación Preescolar Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Special benefits Red de protección solidaria - familias con miembro MIES, Ministerio de Inclusión Económica y Social-Programa de con enfermedad catastrófica Protección Social, Oficio No. 00006-MIES-PPS-DN-DTV-2011, Quito, mayo 30 de 2011 Emergency benefit Bono de Emergencia Ibid. 22 Honduras Program Program Title Source Category 174 Training Mi Primer Empleo Secretaria de Desarrollo Social y Red Solidaria: Matriz Sobre Programas y Projectos de Proteccion Social. Programa Entrenamiento para el Empleo Secretaría de Trabajo y Seguridad Social (STSS) PROEMPLEO - EPEM Sistema Público-Privado de Intermediación Laboral Secretaría de Trabajo y Seguridad Social (STSS), Informes trimestrales (PROEMPLEO - SPPIL) proporcionados por la Unidad Coordinadora de Proyectos (UCP) de la STSS. Instituto Nacional de Formación Profesional (INFOP) Los datos fueron tomados de los Informes de Evaluación Año 2007, 2008 y 2009. Los datos de beneficiarios de 2010 fueron tomados del informe del III Trimestre 2010 y proyectados a diciembre 2010. Los datos de ejecución presupuestaria 2010 fueron tomados del Estado de Resultados de INFOP a diciembre 2010, reportado a la Secretaría de Finanzas. Mano amiga/Mano Solidaria Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Out-of-work Pre-aviso y Cesantía Consultant's report, underlying source not specified income maintenance and support Conditional Cash Bono escolar de primero a sexto grado Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Transfers (CCT) Apoyo Bono 10.000, Educación, Salud y Nutrición Información Bono 10.000 en portal PRAF (www.praf.hn), Presentación de la Ministra Directora del PRAF; "Segunda Operación para el Programa de Apoyo Integral de la Red de Protección Social" BID (http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=35351785) Bolson escolar Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Proyecto PRAF/BID Fase II/No. 1026 y 1568 (2006) Consultant's report, underlying source not specified PRAF/BID Fase III (Programa Integral de Protección Ficha ejecutiva de proyecto, año 2007, Secretaría de Finanzas; Informe Social-PIPS) de Evaluación Física - Financiera del Programa de Inversión del Gobierno Central Acumulado al Cuarto Trimestre, años respectivos (http://www.sefin.gob.hn/) Proyecto Apoyo Integral a la Red de Protección social Consultant's report, underlying source not specified BID No. 2096 (Año 2010/ Bono 10Mil) School feeding Programa Escuela Saludables Fuente: Secretaría de Educación. Memoria 2010. UPEG Other food Suplidoras de Abastecimiento Popular Los datos fueron proporcionados enteramente por la Gerencia 175 program Administrativa y la Unidad de Planificación del PRAF Comedores Solidarios Ibid. Social Pension Bono de la Tercera Edad Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Focalización niño(a)s Adolescentes en áreas Urbanas Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Family and Child Desarrollo Integral de la Familia (Bono Familiar, Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Benefits Juvenil y a personas con capacidades especiales) Education Programa Nacional de Becas 2003: Presupuesto Comprometido de RESUMEN GENERAL DE LA Benefits EJECUCION PRESUPUESTARIA DEL GASTO, AL: 26/08/05, 2006: Own estimation Programa Nacional de Alfabetización y Educación Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Básica de Jóvenes y Adultos (PRALEBAH) Matrícula gratis La Unidad de Planificación y Evaluación de la gestión (UPEG-SE), el Sistema Integrado de Administración Financiera (SIAFI) de la Secretaría de Finanzas; own estimation. Special benefits Jóvenes emprendedores Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Fomento Empresas Autogestionarias para Mujeres en Consultant's report, underlying source not specified zonas Rurales - PRAF (1993, 2005 y 2007) 23 Mexico Program Program Title Source Category Public Servicio de Vinculación Laboral Consultant's report, underlying source not specified employment Coordinación de acciones de vinculación entre los Consultant's report, underlying source not specified services and factores de la producción para apoyar el empleo administration (CAVFPAE) Training Programa de Apoyo al Empleo Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal (INAFED), (2003), Reglas de Operación del Programa de Apoyo al Empleo 2003. http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/resources/ProgramasFederales/REGL AS/D.S.TRABAJO/programa_apoyo_empleo.pdf Secretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social (STPPS), (2004). Acuerdo mediante el cual se establecen las Reglas de Operación e indicadores de 176 evaluación y de gestión del Programa de Apoyo al Empleo 2004. http://normateca.stps.gob.mx:8110/NormatecaInternaSTPS/TipodeDisp osici%c3%b3n/Acuerdos/tabid/184/Default.aspx Secretaría de la Función Pública. Acuerdo por el que se modifica el diverso mediante el cual se establecen las Reglas de Operación e Indicadores de Evaluación y de Gestión del Programa de Apoyo al Empleo 2006, 2007, 2008. Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx Portal de Transparencia. Secretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social (STPS) (2006). Resumen Ejecutivo del Estudio sobre la Evaluación del Programa de Apoyo al Empleo. http://www.stps.gob.mx/transparencia07/programas_sociales/ESTUDI O%20PAE/RESUMENEJECUTIVOv6%20270207.pdf Presidencia de la República (2006). Quinto Informe de Gobierno, Vicente Fox Quesada, Desarrollo Humano y Social, Programa de Apoyo al Empleo. Consulta 24 de junio, 2004. http://quinto.informe.fox.presidencia.gob.mx/docs/anexo/pdf/P135.pdf Secretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social, (STPS). (2008). Informe Final de la Evaluación de Consistencia y Resultados del Programa de Apoyo al Empleo 2007. http://www.stps.gob.mx/bp/secciones/evaluaciones_externas/internas/e valuaciones3/pdf/pdf3.pdf Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política Pública de Desarrollo Social (CONEVAL). Informe Ejecutivo de la Evaluación Específica de Desempeño del Programa de Apoyo al Empleo 2008, 2009, 2010. Found at http://www.coneval.gob.mx Programa de Becas de Capacitación para Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Desempleados Programas del Fondo Nacional para el Fomento de las Evaluación Externa. Fondo Nacional Para El Fomento De Las Artesanías Artesanías. Enero - Diciembre 2006. QUINTO INFORME MARZO 26, 2007. Alternativas en Economía Consultores. 177 http://www.coneval.gob.mx/evaluaciones/servlet/svt.SvtLoadFile ACUERDO por el que se modifican las Reglas de Operación del Programa del Fondo Nacional para el Fomento a las Artesanías (FONART) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011. Found at http://www.coneval.gob.mx Employment Programa de Atención a Situaciones de Contingencia Coneval: Evaluacion de Consistencia y Resultados of 2011, Annex 14 incentives Laboral Programa Primer Empleo Instituto Mexicano de Seguridad Social (IMSS) Programa para la Preservacion del Empleo http://www.economia.gob.mx/files/transparencia/2012/prodiat/anexos/a nexos_prodiat.pdf Direct job creation Programa de Empleo Temporal Centro de Informacion del Program de Empleo Temporal (CIPET) Transparencia- Rendicion de Cuenras http://www.cipet.gob.mx/web_cipet/htm/rendicion.html Acuerdo por el que los integrantes del Comité Técnico del Programa de Empleo Temporal, emiten y publican las Reglas de operación del Programa de Empleo Temporal (PET) para el ejercicio fiscal 2003. (2203) DOF, 16 abril. ACUERDO por el que los integrantes del Comité Técnico del Programa de Empleo Temporal, modifican y publican las Reglas de Operación del Programa de Empleo Temporal (PET) para el Ejercicio Fiscal 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 found in http://www.coneval.gob.mx Informe de la Evaluación Específica de Desempeño Programas del Fondo Nacional de Fomento a las Artesanías (FONART) 2008, 2009, 2010 . Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx Start-up incentives Fondo Nacional de Apoyos para Empresas en Secretaría de la Función Pública. Reglas de Operación del Fondo Solidaridad (FONAES) Nacional de Apoyos para Empresas en Solidaridad 2003-2009. Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx , http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx/scagp/dgorcs/reglas/index.htm Secretaría de Economía. Informe de la Evaluación Específica de Desempeño del Fondo Nacional de Apoyos para Empresas en Solidaridad (FONAES) 2008 and 2009. Found at http://fonaes.gob.mx Presidencia de la República (2006). Quinto Informe de Gobierno, Vicente Fox Quesada, Desarrollo Humano y Social, Programas de 178 Apoyo y Productividad al Empleo. Consulta 24 de junio, 2004. http://quinto.informe.fox.presidencia.gob.mx/docs/anexo/pdf/P087.pdf Programa de la Mujer en el Sector Agrario Secretaría de la Función Pública. Reglas de Operación del Programa de la Mujer en el Sector Agrario (PROMUSAG) 2003, 2004, 2007,2008, 2009http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx/scagp/dgorcs/reglas/index.htm Consulta 16 de junio, 2011. Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación (SAGARPA). Evaluación Externa del Programa de la Mujer en el Sector Agrario (PROMUSAG) 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 found in http://www.coneval.gob.mx Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política Pública de Desarrollo Social (CONEVAL). Informe Ejecutivo de la Evaluación Específica de Desempeño, Programa de la Mujer en el Sector Agrario (PROMUSAG) 2009 and 2010. Found at http://www.coneval.gob.mx/ Fondo para el Apoyo a Proyectos Productivos Secretaría de la Función Pública. Reglas de Operación del Fondo para el Apoyo a Proyectos Productivos (FAPPA), 2003,2004, 2008, 2009, 2010. Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación (SAGARPA). Evaluación Externa del Fondo para el Apoyo a Proyectos Productivos (FAPPA) 2005-2007. Found at http://www.sra.gob.mx Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política Pública de Desarrollo Social (CONEVAL). Informe Ejecutivo de la Evaluación Específica de Desempeño 2008 del Fondo para el Apoyo a Proyectos Productivos en Núcleos Agrarios (FAPPA) 2009, 2010. Found at http://www.coneval.gob.mx Programa de Coordinación para el Apoyo a la Secretaría de la Función Pública. ACUERDO por el que se modifican Producción Indígena los subnumerales 4.4.1., 4.4.1.1. y Anexo 1 de las Reglas de Operación del Programa Promoción de Convenios en Materia de Justicia y se adicionan los programas Ecoturismo en Zonas Indígenas y Coordinación para el Apoyo a la Producción Indígena, a cargo de la Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas, 2004, 179 2007, 2008 and 2009. Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx/ Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas (CDI).). Evaluación Externa del Programa de Coordinación para el Apoyo a la Producción Indígena (PROCAPI) 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009. Found at http://www.cdi.gob.mx Programa Fondos Regionales Indígenas Secretaría de la Función Pública. 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010. Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas (CDI). Evaluación Externa del Programa Fondos Regionales Indígenas (PFRI) 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008. Found at http://www.cdi.gob.mx Programa Organización Productiva para Mujeres Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas (CDI). Indígenas Evaluación Externa del Programa Organización Productiva para Mujeres Indígenas (POPMI) 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008. Found at http://www.cdi.gob.mx Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política Pública de Desarrollo Social (CONEVAL), 2010. Informe Ejecutivo de la Evaluación Específica de Desempeño 2009, del Programa Organización Productiva para Mujeres Indígenas (POPMI). http://www.coneval.gob.mx/cmsconeval/rw/pages/evaluacion/evaluaci ones/especificas/CDI.es.do Secretaría de la Función Pública. Reglas de Operación del Programa Organización Productiva para Mujeres Indígenas (POPMI) 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010. Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx Programa Opciones Productivas Programa de Opciones Productivas. Evaluación Externa del Programa Opciones Productivas. Resumen ejecutivo del informe final presentado por Graciela Márquez Colín. El Colegio de México. III. Análisis de Cobertura y Focalización. http://www.sedesol2009.sedesol.gob.mx/archivos/802428/file/cobertur a.pdf ACUERDO por el que se modifican las Reglas de Operación del Programa de Opciones Productivas, para el Ejercicio Fiscal 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010. Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx 180 Conditional Cash Programa de Desarrollo Humano Oportunidades Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Transfers (CCT) Other food Subprograma de Atención Integral a Personas Adultas Consultant's report, underlying source not specified program Mayores Sujetas de Asistencia Social Programa de Atención a los Adultos Mayores ACUERDO por el que se publica el instructivo y formato de la Solicitud de Inscripción al Programa de Atención a los Adultos Mayores, publicado el 25 de septiembre de 2003 and 2007. Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx Programa de Abasto Rural a cargo de Diconsa ACUERDO por el que se modifican las Reglas de Operación del Programa de Abasto Rural a cargo de Diconsa, S.A. de C.V., para el ejercicio fiscal 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010. Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx Programa Social de Abasto de Leche a cargo de ACUERDO por el que se modifican las Reglas de Operación del Liconsa, S.A. de C.V. Programa de Abasto Social de Leche a cargo de Liconsa, S.A. de C.V., para el ejercicio fiscal 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010. Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx Programa de Apoyo Alimentario a cargo de Diconsa 2007 (cambia de nombre a Programa de Apoyo Alimentario) ACUERDO por el que se modifican las Reglas de Operación del Programa de Apoyo Alimentario a cargo de Diconsa, S.A. de C.V., para el ejercicio fiscal 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010. Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx Social Pension Programa de Atención a los Adultos Mayores de 70 ACUERDO por el que se emiten y publican las Reglas de Operación años y más en Zonas Rurales (2009:70 y Más) del Programa de Atención a los Adultos Mayores de 70 años y más en zonas rurales, para el ejercicio fiscal 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010. Found at http://dof.gob.mx/ Informe de la Evaluación Específica de Desempeño 2008, 2009, 2010. Programa de Atención a los Adultos Mayores de 70 años y más en zonas rurales. Dirección General de Atención a Grupos Prioritarios. Found at http://www.coneval.gob.mx Family and Child Programa Estancias Infantiles para Apoyar a Madres ACUERDO por el que se modifican las Reglas de Operación del Benefits Trabajadoras Programa de Estancias Infantiles para Apoyar a Madres Trabajadoras, para el Ejercicio Fiscal 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010. Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx Subprograma de Regularización Jurídica de Menores y Consultant's report, underlying source not specified 181 Adopciones Subprograma para la Atención Integral a Niñas, Niños Consultant's report, underlying source not specified y Adolescentes en Desamparo Programa para la Protección y el Desarrollo Integral de Secretaría de la Función Pública. Reglas de Operación del Programa la Infancia para la Protección y el Desarrollo Integral de la Infancia 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010. Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx Disability Benefits Programa de Atención a Personas con Discapacidad Secretaría de la Función Pública, Reglas de Operación del Programa de Atención a Personas con Discapacidad 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010. Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política Pública de Desarrollo Social (CONEVAL), 2009. Informe Ejecutivo de la Evaluación Específica de Desempeño 2009, Programa de Atención a Personas con Discapacidad. http://www.coneval.gob.mx/cmsconeval/rw/pages/evaluacion/evaluaci ones/especificas/SSA.es.do Education Programas Albergues Escolares Indígenas (PAEI) Secretaría de la Función Pública. Acuerdo por el que se emiten y Benefits publican las Reglas de Operación de los programas para el Desarrollo Local (Microrregiones); de Atención a Jornaleros Agrícolas; Jóvenes por México; Iniciativa Ciudadana 3x1 y del Instituto Nacional Indigenista (INI), para el ejercicio fiscal 2003. Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas (CDI). Evaluación Externa de los Programas Albergues Escolares Indígenas (PAEI) 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007. Found at http://www.cdi.gob.mx Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política Pública de Desarrollo Social (CONEVAL). Informe Ejecutivo de la Evaluación Específica de Desempeño de los Programas Albergues Escolares Indígenas (PAEI) 2008, 2009, 2010. Found at http://www.coneval.gob.mx Programa Nacional de Becas para la Retención de REGLAS de Operación del Programa Nacional de Becas para la Estudiantes de Educación Media Superior (no Retención de Estudiantes de Educación Media Superior (no beneficiados por otros) (2010: Programa de Becas) beneficiados por otros programas) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010. Found at http://www.becasmediasuperior.sep.gob.mx 182 Programa Nacional de Fortalecimiento de la Educación ACUERDO número 458 por el que se emiten las Reglas de Operación Especial y de la Integración Educativa del Programa de Fortalecimiento de la Educación Especial y de la Integración Educativa 2009, 2010. Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx Modelo de Educación para la Vida y el Trabajo Acuerdo número 410 por el que emiten las Reglas de Operación de los (INEA) Programas: Atención a la Demanda de Educación para Adultos, y Modelo de Educación para la Vida y el Trabajo (INEA). D.O.F. 2008, 2009, 2010. Found at http://www.inea.gob.mx Programa Atención a la Demanda de Educación para Acuerdo número 410 por el que emiten las Reglas de Operación de los Adultos (INEA). (2009: Atención a la Demanda de Programas: Atención a la Demanda de Educación para Adultos, y Educación para Adultos (INEA) y Modelo de Modelo de Educación para la Vida y el Trabajo (INEA). Educación para la Vida y el Trabajo (INEA). D.O.F. 2008, 2009, 2010. Found at http://www.inea.gob.mx Programa Becas de apoyo a la Educación Básica de ACUERDO número 425 por el que emiten las Reglas de Operación del Madres Jóvenes y Jóvenes Embarazadas Programa Becas de Apoyo a la Educación Básica de Madres Jóvenes y PROMAJOVEN Jóvenes Embarazadas. 2008, 2009, 2010. Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx Programa de Educación Preescolar y Primaria para ACUERDO número 426 por el que emiten las Reglas de Operación del Niñas y Niños de Familias Jornaleras Agrícolas Programa de Educación Preescolar y Primaria para Niños y Niñas de Migrantes Familias Jornaleras Agrícolas Migrantes 2008, 2009, 2010. Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx Programa Nacional de Becas y Financiamiento Reglas de Operación e indicadores de evaluación y gestión del Programa Nacional de Becas y Financiamiento (PRONABES), 1 de abril 2004 ACUERDO número 418 por el que emiten las Reglas de Operación del Programa Nacional de Becas y Financiamiento (PRONABES2008, 2009, 2010. Found at http://www.sep.gob.mx and http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx Special benefits Subprograma de Atención a Población Vulnerable en Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Campamentos Recreativos Emergency benefit Programas de Atención a Familias y Población Secretaría de la Función Pública, Reglas de Operación del Programa de Vulnerable Atención a Familias y Población Vulnerable 2006, 2008, 2009. Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx H. Congreso de la Unión. Cámara de Diputados (2007), Reglas de 183 Operación del Programa de Atención a Familias y Población Vulnerable 2008. Consulta 12 de junio, 2011. http://archivos.diputados.gob.mx/Comisiones/Ordinarias/desarrollo_rur al/Informacion%20sector%20rural/REGLAS%20DE%20OPERACIO N%202008/SALUD/FAMILIAS_POBLACION_VULNERABLE_30 DIC07.pdf Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política Pública de Desarrollo Social (CONEVAL), 2009. Informe Ejecutivo de la Evaluación Específica de Desempeño 2008, del Programa de Atención a Familias y Población Vulnerable . Consulta 25 de junio, 2011. Found at http://www.coneval.gob.mx/ Programa del Fondo para Atender a la Población Secretaría de la Función Pública, (2003). Reglas de Operación del Afectada por Contingencias Climatológicas Programa del Fondo para Atender a la Población Afectada por Contingencias Climatológicas (FAPRACC) 200, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008. Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación (SAGARPA), (2009).Acuerdo por el que se establecen las Reglas de Operación de los Programas de la Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación. 2010. http://www.sagarpa.gob.mx/programas/Lists/Programas%20Sagarpa/At tachments/33/REGLAS_OPERACI%C3%93N_10_DOF.pdf Other SSN Programa de Apoyos Directos al Campo Secretaría de la Función Pública. Reglas de Operación del Programa (PROCAMPO) de Apoyos Directos al Campo PROCAMPO 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008. Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política Pública de Desarrollo Social (CONEVAL), 2009. Informe Ejecutivo de la Evaluación Específica de Desempeño 2009 del Programa de Apoyos Directos al Campo PROCAMPO. Found at http://www.coneval.gob.mx/ Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación (SAGARPA) (2009). Programa de Apoyos Directos al Campo (PROCAMPO), Resultados Principales del Cuarto Trimestre 2008. 184 http://www.aserca.gob.mx/artman/uploads/4o_informe_trimestral_200 8.pdf Subprograma de Atención a la Violencia Familiar y Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Maltrato al Menor Programa de Atención a Jornaleros Agrícolas Acuerdo por el que se emiten y publican las Reglas de Operación de los programas para el Desarrollo Local (Microrregiones); de Atención a Jornaleros Agrícolas; Jóvenes por México; Iniciativa Ciudadana 3x1 y del Instituto Nacional Indigenista (INI), para el ejercicio fiscal 2002, 2003, 2008, 2009, 2010. Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx Jovenes por México ACUERDO por el que se emiten las Reglas de Operación de los Programas de Subsidios del Ramo Administrativo 20 Desarrollo Social, del Presupuesto de Egresos de la Federación para el Ejercicio Fiscal 2002. Programa Jóvenes por México2002, 2007. Found at http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx Programas de la Comisión Nacional de las Zonas Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Aridas (CONAZA) 24 Peru Program Program Title Source Category Public Servicio Nacional de Empleo Ministerio de Trabajo y Promoción del Empleo employment Programa de Capacitación Laboral Juvenil Projoven Dirección General de Asuntos Económicos y Sociales, Ministerio de services and Economía. administration Programa de Capacitación Laboral Juvenil Projoven Pro Joven Programa Nacional de Empleo Juvenil Jóvenes a la Ministerio de Trabajo, Anuarios estadísticos Obra Programa Nacional para la Promoción de Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Oportunidades Laborales "Vamos Perú". Programa de información sobre el mercado laboral Ministerio de Trabajo, Anuarios estadísticos Red CIL-ProEmpleo Training Perú emprendedor – Jóven emprendedor Bono Pyme Perú - Bonos de Capacitación Ministerio de Trabajo, Anuarios estadísticos Capacitación Laboral 185 Programa Revalora Perú Ministerio de Trabajo, Anuario Estadístico Capacítate Perú – Aprolab (I y II) Ministerio de Trabajo, Anuario Estadístico Employment Programa Construyendo Perú Dirección General de Asuntos Económicos y Sociales, Ministerio de incentives Economía y Finanzas and Comedores Populares Programa Construyendo Perú Ministerio de Trabajo, Anuarios estadísticos Programa Construyendo Perú Comedores Populares A trabajar Urbano Ministerio de Trabajo, Anuarios estadísticos Direct job creation Programa para la Generación de Empleo Social Ministerio de Trabajo, Anuarios estadísticos Inclusivo "Trabaja Perú" Start-up incentives Programa de Autoempleo y Microempresa http://www.congreso.gob.pe/comisiones/1998/microempresa/orienta/m -trabajo.html Bono Pyme (Línea Ministerio de Trabajo, Anuarios estadísticos de Programa Perú Emprendedor) Programa Mujeres Emprendedoras Ministerio de Trabajo, Anuarios estadísticos Out-of-work Seguro de Desempleo (Cuentas Individuales) Ministerio de Trabajo, Anuarios estadísticos income maintenance and support Conditional Cash Juntos (Programa Nacional de Apoyo Directo a los Dirección General de Asuntos Económicos y Sociales, Ministerio de Transfers (CCT) más Pobres) Economía; Inventario CEPAL School feeding Vaso de Leche Dirección General de Asuntos Económicos y Sociales, Ministerio de Economía; INEI & Sistema de Focalización de Hogares, Ministerio de Economía- Programa del Vaso de Leche Programa Nacional de Asistencia Alimentaria Dirección General de Asuntos Económicos y Sociales, Ministerio de (Complementación Alimentaria) Economía; Ministerio de la Mujer y Desarrollo Social Programa Nacional de Asistencia Alimentaria Ibid. (Programa Integral Nutricional) Family and Child Wawa Wasi Ibid. Benefits Programa Integral Nacional para el Bienestar Familiar Ibid. Social Pension Programa Nacional de Asistencia Solidaria "Pensión Decreto Supremo No 081-2011-PCM 65" 186 Programa Gratitud EL PERUANO, Ministerio de la Mujer y Desarrollo Social Other SSN Programa Nacional contra la Violencia Familiar y Ministerio de la Mujer y Desarrollo Social Sexual Fondo de Cooperación para el Desarrollo Social Ministerio de la Mujer y Desarrollo Social 25 El Salvador Program Program Title Source Category Training Desarrollo de Habilidades no formales (FOMILENIO) FOMILENIO Programa Formación Continua “Desarrollo de INSAFORP - Instituto Salvadoreño de Formación Profesional Competencias Gerenciales" Programa de formación profesional para población en INSAFORP - Instituto Salvadoreño de Formación Profesional condiciones de vulnerabilidad Pack Empresariales INSAFORP - Instituto Salvadoreño de Formación Profesional Programa de Formación a trabajadores de empresas INSAFORP - Instituto Salvadoreño de Formación Profesional Programa Hábil Técnico Permanente (HTP) INSAFORP - Instituto Salvadoreño de Formación Profesional Programa de formación inicial: modalidad empresa- INSAFORP - Instituto Salvadoreño de Formación Profesional centro. Direct job creation Programa de Apoyo Temporal al Ingreso (PATI- Dirección Monitoreo y Evaluación /Fondo de Inversión Social para el URBANO) Desarrollo Local (FISDL) Programa de Apoyo Temporal al Ingreso en Ibid. municipios afectados por Ida (PATI-IDA) Conditional Cash Comunidades Solidarias Rurales (antes Red Solidaria) Ibid. Transfers (CCT) School feeding Programa de Alimentacion Escolar Ibid. Other food Programa de Agricultura Familiar Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería program Complemento Nutricional para Niños Menores de 3 Ministerio de Salud / Unidad de Nutrición años en Municipios Prioritarios Plan de Atencion Nutricional en Municipios afectados MINSAL / Dirección de Nutrición por la crisis del Café 187 Nutriendo con Amor MINSAL / Unidad de Nutrición Centros Rurales de Salud y Nutrición MINSAL / Unidad de Nutrición Social Pension Pensión Basica Universal para personas adultas Dirección Monitoreo y Evaluación /Fondo de Inversión Social para el mayores Desarrollo Local (FISDL) Emergency benefit Fase de Emergencia Post Tormenta IDA MINSAL / Unidad de Nutrición Fondo de Prevención y Mitigación de Desastres MINSAL / Unidad de Nutrición Other SSN Becas Escolares para Estudiantes de Educación Media Dirección Nacional de Educación Programa de Becas FANTEL Ministerio de Educación Becas FOMILENIO FOMILENIO Paquete Escolar Dirección General, Ministerio de Educación Programa Cerrando la Brecha del Conocimiento Dirección General, Ministerio de Educación 26 Uruguay Program Program Title Source Category Public Servicios de Intermediación Laboral Consultant's report, underlying source not specified employment Centros publicos de empleo Consultant's report, underlying source not specified services and administration Training Capacitación y Formación Socio-laboral Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Primera Experiencia laboral Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Opción Jóven Consultant's report, underlying source not specified PROJOVEN Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa de reconversión laboral Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Programa de Capacitación productiva Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Employment Programa Objetivo Empleo / Programa de incentivo a Consultant's report, underlying source not specified incentives las empresas privadas para la contratación de desempleados de larga duración en situación de 188 pobreza Supported Proyecto de capacitación laboral de personas con Consultant's report, underlying source not specified employment and discapacidad rehabilitation Direct job creation Trabajo por Uruguay (PANES) Consultant's report, underlying source not specified Uruguay Trabaja Dirección General MIDES Out-of-work Seguro de Desempleo BPS Asesoría General en Seguridad Social income maintenance and support Conditional Cash Ingreso Ciudadano (PANES) BPS Asesoría General en Seguridad Social - Anuario Estadistico Transfers (CCT) Asignaciones Familiares no contributivas - Plan de BPS Asesoría General en Seguridad Social - Anuario Estadistico Equidad Ley 18.227 Asignaciones Familiares no contributivas - Ley 17.139 BPS Asesoría General en Seguridad Social - Anuario Estadistico Asignaciones Familiares no contributivas - Ley 17.758 BPS Asesoría General en Seguridad Social - Anuario Estadistico Special benefits Programa de atención a los sin techo MIDES Dirección de Evaluación y Seguimiento Other SSN Programa Jóvenes en Red MIDES Dirección de Evaluación y Seguimiento Uruguay Crece Contigo MIDES Dirección de Evaluación y Seguimiento School feeding Programa de Alimentación escolar MIDES Dirección de Evaluación y Seguimiento Social Pension Pensiones no contributivas por vejez e invalidez BPS Asesoría General en Seguridad Social - Anuario Estadistico Family and Child Centros de Atención a la Primera Infancia CAIF http://www.plancaif.org.uy/ Benefits Protección Integral a la Infancia y la Adolescencia INAU Planeamiento y Presupuesto Disability Benefits Procladis Área de Formación Profesional INEFOP 189 Annex D: List of social protection programs included in survey questionnaires Chile 2009 Argentina 2010 Brazil 2009 Encuesta de Caracterización Social protection category Encuesta Permanent de Hogares Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra Socio-Económica Nacional Continua de Domicilios (CASEN) Jubilación bajo retiro programado o Contributory old age pensions Jubilación o pensión Jubilación y pensión renta vitalicia Programa de Acceso Universal con Garantías Explícitas en Salud Social Security N/A N/A (AUGE), Pensión de invalidez, viudez y orfandad Labor Market Programs Unemployment insurance Unemployment insurance Seguro de cesantía, Training CT/Last resort program Asignación Universal por Hijo N/A Puente Beneficio de prestacao Continuada Pensión Básica Solidaria, Aporte Social Pensions N/A (BPC) Previsional Solidario Subsidio único familiar, Other CT programs N/A N/A Asignación familiar Bono de Protección Familiar y CCT program N/A Bolsa Familia48 Egreso Programa Nacional de Alimentación Complementaria (PNAC), Programa In-kind food programs N/A N/A de Alimentación Complementaria para el Adulto Mayor (PACAM) School feeding programs N/A N/A School feeding program Public Works programs Plan Empleo, Plan Jefas Jefes N/A N/A Scholarship Other social assistance programs Scholarship Jubilación y pensión School loans 48 PNAD household survey only asked households about their participation in Bolsa Familia in 2004 and 2006. For subsequent years, it is possible to identify beneficiaries indirectly through a methodology developed by the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA). 190 Costa Rica 2009 Ecuador 2010 Dominican Republic 2009 Social protection category Encuesta de Hogares de Encuesta de Empleo, Subempleo y Encuesta de Fuerza de Trabajo Propósitos Múltiples Desempleo Jubilaciones y pensiones, regimen Pensión por jubilación, orfandad, Contributory old age pensions Jubilaciones y pensiones de IVM and others viudez, invalidez Social Security N/A N/A N/A Labor Market Programs N/A N/A N/A Transfers from IMAS (Instituto CT/Last resort program Government transfers Bono de Desarrollo Humano Mixto de Ayuda Social) Social Pensions N/A N/A N/A Bono de discapacidad Joaquin Other CT programs N/A N/A Gallegos Lara, Programa Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición CCT program N/A N/A N/A CEN-CINAI programs: meals, food In-kind food programs N/A N/A plan, milk, infant center services School feeding programs Comedor escolar gratuito N/A Desayuno y almuerzo escolar Public Works programs N/A N/A N/A Scholarship, Free school Other social assistance programs N/A Free textbooks transportation 191 El Salvador 2009 Mexico 2010 Panama 2008 Social protection category Encuestas de Hogares de Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Encuesta de Niveles de Vida Propósitos Multiples Gastos de los Hogares Jubilación, pensión por inválidez o Jubilaciones y pensiones Pensión de enfermedad o vejez Contributory old age pensions vejez Indemnizaciones por accidentes de Health care coverage, trabajo, Indemnizaciones por Social Security Health care coverage Indemnizaciones por accidente de despido y retiro voluntario, IMSS- trabajo Oportunidades Fondo de cesantía, Technical Labor Market Programs N/A N/A assistance, Training PROCAMPO, Programa CT/Last resort program Government transfers Government transfer alimentario Social Pensions N/A Programa para adultos mayores N/A Other CT programs N/A N/A N/A Programa red de oportunidades, CCT program N/A Oportunidades Transferencia de ayuda condicionada Feeding programs for pregnant and In-kind food programs N/A Liconsa lactating women, Alimentos para menores de 6 años otorgados School feeding programs Comedor escolar N/A School feeding Public Works programs N/A Empleo Program N/A Libros escolare (free textbooks), Scholarships, Housing program, Scholarships Other social assistance programs alud escolar (free health services at Agricultural inputs, Health fairs, Other benefits school), Scholarships SENAPAN (obtaining titles to land) 192 Peru 2009 Paraguay 2009 Uruguay 2009 Social protection category Encuesta Nacional de Hogares - Encuesta Permanente de Hogares Encuesta Continua de Hogares Condiciones de Vida y Pobreza Jubilación y pensión Jubilación y pensión de viudez, Jubilaciones y pensiones Contributory old age pensions orfandad, sobrevivencia, divorcio, alimentación N/A N/A Compensación por accidente, Social Security enfermedad, maternidad Labor Market Programs N/A N/A Unemployment insurance CT/Last resort program N/A N/A N/A Social Pensions N/A N/A N/A Other CT programs N/A N/A Asignación familiar CCT program N/A Programa Juntos N/A N/A Vaso de Leche, Papilla ó “yapita” Canasta (PACFO), In-kind food programs Canasta alimentaria (PANFAR), Otro Programa Social (nutricional) Comidas Públicas Desayuno escolar Otro programa público de School feeding programs alimentación Public Works programs N/A N/A Comedor escolar Other social assistance programs Scholarship Free textbooks, Comedor popular Programa social de empleo 193 Annex E: Household survey selected graphs and tables 27. Social protection Figure 129: Coverage of social protection for selected countries (% of total population) % of Population 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 ARG BRA CHL CRI DOM ECU MEX PAN PER PRY SLV URY 2010 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 Figure 130: Coverage of social protection by function for selected countries (% of total population) % Population 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 ARG BRA CHL CRI DOM ECU MEX PAN PER PRY SLV URY 2010 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 Social Insurance Labor Market Social Assistance 194 Table 91: Coverage of social protection, total and by function for selected countries (% of total population) Social Labor Social Total SP Insurance Market Assistance ARG 2010 29.0 0.9 10.5 38.0 BRA 2009 31.0 7.3 20.6 51.8 CHL 2009 41.2 54.4 70.5 93.1 CRI 2009 18.9 0.0 43.9 57.4 DOM 2009 5.1 0.0 23.7 28.1 ECU 2010 9.4 0.0 61.0 67.3 MEX 2010 82.6 0.0 31.0 86.9 PAN 2008 42.1 15.4 52.2 77.6 PER 2009 15.3 0.0 56.9 66.3 PRY 2009 9.1 0.0 33.6 40.4 SLV 2009 25.8 0.0 66.5 74.5 URY 2009 36.0 2.1 42.2 68.0 28. Overall social assistance Figure 131: Coverage of social assistance programs for selected countries % of Population 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 ARG BRA DOM MEX PRY URY CRI PAN PER ECU SLV CHL 2010 2009 2009 2010 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2010 2009 2009 195 Figure 132: Coverage of social assistance programs by quintile of per capita (pre social assistance) income for selected countries Percentage 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 ARG BRA CHL CRI DOM ECU MEX PAN PER PRY SLV URY 2010 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 Poorest Quintile Richest Quintile Note: Households are ranked into quintiles on the basis of per capita income net of all social assistance transfers harmonized by CEDLAS. Table 92: Coverage of social assistance programs by quintile of per capita income for selected countries, pre- and post- social assistance transfers Post-transfers Pre-transfers Poorest Richest Poorest Richest Quintile Quintile Quintile Quintile ARG 2010 25.3 0.9 26.6 0.4 BRA 2009 47.9 2.8 58.8 2.4 CHL 2009 89.2 37.7 91.4 37.1 CRI 2009 63.7 14.0 67.8 13.7 DOM 2009 35.2 6.2 39.2 5.9 ECU 2010 82.1 20.5 87.4 19.9 MEX 2010 57.4 10.8 65.1 9.4 PAN 2008 79.0 16.5 79.6 16.0 PER 2009 85.0 18.1 85.7 18.1 PRY 2009 45.5 15.3 45.6 15.2 SLV 2009 77.9 45.5 78.7 45.3 URY 2009 82.7 4.7 85.0 4.5 196 Figure 133: Benefit incidence of social assistance programs by quintile of per capita (pre social assistance) income for selected countries Percentage 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 ARG BRA CHL DOM ECU MEX PAN PER SLV URY 2010 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2008 2009 2009 2009 Poorest Quintile Richest Quintile Note: Households are ranked into quintiles on the basis of per capita income net of all social assistance transfers harmonized by CEDLAS. Table 93: Benefit incidence of social assistance programs by quintile of per income for selected countries, pre- and post- social assistance transfers Post-transfers Pre-transfers Poorest Richest Poorest Richest Quintile Quintile Quintile Quintile ARG 2010 47.4 4.8 61.2 0.6 BRA 2009 30.3 5.4 50.9 3.6 CHL 2009 21.1 7.7 42.2 6.0 DOM 2009 25.7 7.4 31.5 6.3 ECU 2010 27.6 5.0 37.3 4.0 MEX 2010 28.5 18.0 45.7 9.9 PAN 2008 35.6 8.8 60.5 4.2 PER 2009 56.3 1.2 16.6 2.5 SLV 2009 47.5 7.5 49.7 5.7 URY 2009 40.1 2.5 11.3 1.7 197 Figure 134: Generosity of social assistance programs by quintile of per capita (pre social assistance) for selected countries Percentage 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 ARG BRA CHL DOM ECU MEX PAN PER SLV URY 2010 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2008 2009 2009 2009 Poorest Quintile Richest Quintile Note: Households are ranked into quintiles on the basis of per capita income net of all social assistance transfers harmonized by CEDLAS. Table 94: Generosity of social assistance programs by quintile of per capita for selected countries, pre- and post- social assistance transfers Post-transfers Pre-transfers Poorest Richest Poorest Richest Quintile Quintile Quintile Quintile ARG 2010 19.6 7.4 18.9 1.8 BRA 2009 25.2 3.8 29.6 2.7 CHL 2009 14.5 2.1 24.9 2.0 DOM 2009 10.9 2.1 11.4 1.9 ECU 2010 24.9 4.1 25.8 3.7 MEX 2010 32.4 8.1 39.4 4.9 PAN 2008 18.8 1.4 17.2 0.5 PER 2009 17.1 2.8 16.6 2.5 SLV 2009 9.2 4.1 8.9 3.2 URY 2009 11.4 1.7 11.3 1.7 198 29. Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) Figure 135: Coverage of CCT programs by quintile of per capita (pre social assistance) income for selected countries 100 90 % of people covered 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Brazil 2009: Bolsa Familia Ecuador 2010: Bono de Desarrollo Humano Mexico 2010: Oportunidades Panama 2008: Red de Oportunidades Peru 2009: Programa Juntos Note: Households are ranked into quintiles on the basis of per capita income net of all social assistance transfers harmonized by CEDLAS. Table 95: Coverage of CCT programs by quintile of per capita income for selected countries, pre- and post- social assistance transfers Pre-transfers Post-transfers Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Brazil 2009: Bolsa Familia 55.2 25.5 9.4 3.0 1.9 47.1 28.6 11.5 3.3 2.0 Ecuador 2010: Bono de 60.1 44.8 33.3 18.6 5.1 50.8 45.9 35.1 22.4 5.9 Desarrollo Humano Mexico 2010: Oportunidades 54.5 28.2 15.0 6.8 1.8 48.6 30.1 17.3 8.1 2.1 Panama 2008: Red de 29.5 12.5 1.4 0.3 0.1 27.0 14.0 2.3 0.3 0.1 Oportunidades Peru 2009: Programa Juntos 32.7 12.0 2.9 0.8 0.4 29.8 13.7 4.1 0.8 0.4 199 Figure 136: Benefit incidence of CCT programs by quintile of per capita (pre social assistance) income for selected countries 70 60 50 % benefits 40 30 20 10 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Brazil 2009: Bolsa Familia Ecuador 2010: Bono de Desarrollo Humano Mexico 2010: Oportunidades Panama 2008: Red de Oportunidades Peru 2009: Programa Juntos Note: Households are ranked into quintiles on the basis of per capita income net of all social assistance transfers harmonized by CEDLAS. Table 96: Benefit incidence of CCT programs by quintile of per income for selected countries, pre- and post- social assistance transfers Pre-transfers Post-transfers Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Brazil 2009: Bolsa Familia 59.5 25.4 9.0 3.0 3.1 51.5 29.8 11.9 3.6 3.2 Ecuador 2010: Bono de 37.3 26.3 20.3 12.2 4.0 27.6 28.5 23.0 16.0 5.0 Desarrollo Humano Mexico 2010: Oportunidades 51.5 26.5 14.1 6.4 1.5 42.7 29.3 17.5 8.4 2.0 Panama 2008: Red de 66.6 28.8 3.4 0.8 0.4 57.6 35.2 5.9 0.9 0.4 Oportunidades Peru 2009: Programa Juntos 63.8 26.1 7.3 1.8 1.0 56.3 29.9 10.6 2.0 1.2 200 Figure 137: Generosity of CCT programs by quintile of per capita (pre social assistance) for selected countries Share of benefits in income of each 30 20 quintile 10 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Brazil 2009: Bolsa Familia Ecuador 2010: Bono de Desarrollo Humano Mexico 2010: Oportunidades Panama 2008: Red de Oportunidades Peru 2009: Programa Juntos Note: Households are ranked into quintiles on the basis of per capita income net of all social assistance transfers harmonized by CEDLAS. Table 97: Generosity of CCT programs by quintile of per capita for selected countries, pre- and post- social assistance transfers Pre-transfers Post-transfers Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Brazil 2009: Bolsa Familia 20.9 8.4 5.0 3.3 1.4 22.9 9.4 5.6 3.6 1.5 Ecuador 2010: Bono de 25.8 12.5 8.6 6.1 3.7 24.9 14.1 9.7 7.0 4.1 Desarrollo Humano Mexico 2010: Oportunidades 23.8 10.9 7.0 4.7 1.5 24.9 12.2 8.0 5.4 1.9 Panama 2008: Red de 17.1 8.8 5.4 4.1 4.2 17.0 10.2 6.2 4.3 4.2 Oportunidades Peru 2009: Programa Juntos 16.6 8.8 6.6 3.8 2.5 17.1 9.8 7.1 4.1 2.8 201 30. Social pensions Figure 138: Coverage of social pensions by quintile of per capita (pre social assistance) income for selected countries 25 20 % of people covered 15 10 5 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Brazil 2009: BPC Chile 2009:PBS, APS Mexico 2010: Programa Adultos Mayores Note: Households are ranked into quintiles on the basis of per capita income net of all social assistance transfers harmonized by CEDLAS. Table 98: Coverage of social pensions by quintile of per capita income for selected countries, pre- and post- social assistance transfers Pre-transfers Post-transfers Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Brazil 2009: BPC 5.2 3.8 2.3 1.2 0.5 1.5 3.5 3.8 3.0 0.8 Chile 2009:PBS, APS 22.2 13.9 10.5 7.4 4.1 12.5 16.2 14.3 10.0 4.9 Mexico 2010: Programa Adultos 11.4 5.7 4.3 3.4 2.4 8.7 6.5 5.3 3.9 2.7 Mayores 202 Figure 139: Benefit incidence of social pensions by quintile of per capita (pre social assistance) income for selected countries 70 60 50 % benefits 40 30 20 10 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Brazil 2009: BPC Chile 2009:PBS, APS Mexico 2010: Programa Adultos Mayores Note: Households are ranked into quintiles on the basis of per capita income net of all social assistance transfers harmonized by CEDLAS. Table 99: Benefit incidence of social pensions by quintile of per income for selected countries, pre- and post- social assistance transfers Pre-transfers Post-transfers Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Brazil 2009: BPC 41.4 28.0 17.3 9.1 4.2 7.1 22.3 32.0 30.7 7.8 Chile 2009:PBS, APS 43.8 22.1 16.3 11.3 6.5 16.4 30.8 26.6 17.6 8.6 Mexico 2010: Programa Adultos 40.9 19.3 15.4 13.3 11.0 25.4 23.7 20.3 16.6 13.9 Mayores 203 Figure 140: Generosity of social pensions by quintile of per capita (pre social assistance) for selected countries 70 Share of benefits in income of each 60 50 40 quintile 30 20 10 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Brazil 2009: BPC Chile 2009:PBS, APS Mexico 2010: Programa Adultos Mayores Note: Households are ranked into quintiles on the basis of per capita income net of all social assistance transfers harmonized by CEDLAS. Table 100: Generosity of social pensions by quintile of per capita for selected countries, pre- and post- social assistance transfers Pre-transfers Post-transfers Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Brazil 2009: BPC 66.3 37.3 27.1 19.2 9.7 68.6 50.4 39.2 31.7 13.3 Chile 2009:PBS, APS 44.8 22.6 15.7 10.4 5.3 39.3 32.3 21.7 13.3 6.1 Mexico 2010: Programa Adultos 28.5 13.6 9.6 6.9 3.8 28.6 17.2 11.4 8.0 4.4 Mayores 204 Bibliography Cecchini, Simone and Aldo Madariaga. 2011. “Conditional Cash Transfer Programs: The Recent Experience in Latin America and the Caribbean.” Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Santiago. Fiszbein, Ariel and Norbert Schady. 2009. Conditional Cash Transfers: Reducing Present and Future Poverty. World Bank, Washington, D.C. 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World Food Program, Rome. 206 Social Protection & Labor Discussion Paper Series Titles 2012-2014 No. Title 1401 Social Assistance and Labor Market Programs in Latin America: Methodology and Key Findings from the Social Protection Database by Paula Cerutti, Anna Fruttero, Margaret Grosh, Silvana Kostenbaum, Maria Laura Oliveri, Claudia Rodriguez-Alas, Victoria Strokova, June 2014 1308 Youth Employment: A Human Development Agenda for the Next Decade by David Robalino, David Margolis, Friederike Rother, David Newhouse and Mattias Lundberg, June 2013 1307 Eligibility Thresholds for Minimum Living Guarantee Programs: International Practices and Implications for China by Nithin Umapathi, Dewen Wang and Philip O’Keefe, November 2013 1306 Tailoring Social Protection to Small Island Developing States: Lessons Learned from the Caribbean by Asha Williams, Timothy Cheston, Aline Coudouela and Ludovic Subran, August 2013 1305 Improving Payment Mechanisms in Cash-Based Safety Net Programs by Carlo del Ninno, Kalanidhi Subbarao, Annika Kjellgren and Rodrigo Quintana, August 2013 1304 The Nuts and Bolts of Designing and Implementing Training Programs in Developing Countries by Maddalena Honorati and Thomas P. McArdle, June 2013 1303 Designing and Implementing Unemployment Benefit Systems in Middle and Low Income Countries: Key Choices between Insurance and Savings Accounts by David A. Robalino and Michael Weber, May 2013 1302 Entrepreneurship Programs in Developing Countries: A Meta Regression Analysis by Yoonyoung Cho and Maddalena Honorati, April 2013 1301 Skilled Labor Flows: Lessons from the European Union by Martin Kahanec, February 2013 1220 Evaluating the Efficacy of Mass Media and Social Marketing Campaigns in Changing Consumer Financial Behavior by Florentina Mulaj and William Jack, November 2012 1219 Do Social Benefits Respond to Crises? Evidence from Europe & Central Asia During the Global Crisis by Aylin Isik-Dikmelik, November 2012 1218 Building Results Frameworks for Safety Nets Projects by Gloria M. Rubio, October 2012 1217 Pension Coverage in Latin America: Trends and Determinants by Rafael Rofman and Maria Laura Oliveri, June 2012 1216 Cash for Work in Sierra Leone: A Case Study on the Design and Implementation of a Safety Net in Response to a Crisis by Colin Andrews, Mirey Ovadiya, Christophe Ribes Ros and Quentin Wodon, November 2012 1215 Public Employment Services, and Activation Policies by Arvo Kuddo, May 2012 1214 Private Pension Systems: Cross-Country Investment Performance by Alberto R. Musalem and Ricardo Pasquini, May 2012 1213 Global Pension Systems and Their Reform: Worldwide Drivers, Trends, and Challenges by Robert Holzmann, May 2012 1212 Towards Smarter Worker Protection Systems: Improving Labor Regulations and Social Insurance Systems while Creating (Good) Jobs by David A. Robalino, Michael Weber, Arvo Kuddo, Friederike Rother, Aleksandra Posarac and Kwabena Otoo 1211 International Patterns of Pension Provision II: A Worldwide Overview of Facts and Figures by Montserrat Pallares-Miralles, Carolina Romero and Edward Whitehouse, June 2012 1210 Climate-Responsive Social Protection by Anne T. Kuriakose, Rasmus Heltberg, William Wiseman, Cecilia Costella, Rachel Cipryk and Sabine Cornelius, March 2012 1209 Social Protection in Low Income Countries and Fragile Situations: Challenges and Future Directions by Colin Andrews, Maitreyi Das, John Elder, Mirey Ovadiya and Giuseppe Zampaglione, March 2012 1208 World Bank Support for Pensions and Social Security by Mark Dorfman and Robert Palacios, March 2012 1207 Labor Markets in Middle and Low Income Countries: Trends and Implications for Social Protection and Labor Policies by Yoonyoung Cho, David Margolis, David Newhouse and David Robalino, March 2012 1206 Rules, Roles and Controls: Governance in Social Protection with an Application to Social Assistance by Lucy Bassett, Sara Giannozzi, Lucian Pop and Dena Ringold, March 2012 1205 Crisis Response in Social Protection by Federica Marzo and Hideki Mori, March 2012 1204 Improving Access to Jobs and Earnings Opportunities: The Role of Activation and Graduation Policies in Developing Countries by Rita Almeida, Juliana Arbelaez, Maddalena Honorati, Arvo Kuddo, Tanja Lohmann, Mirey Ovadiya, Lucian Pop, Maria Laura Sanchez Puerta and Michael Weber, March 2012 1203 Productive Role of Safety Nets by Harold Alderman and Ruslan Yemtsov, March 2012 1202 Building Social Protection and Labor Systems: Concepts and Operational Implications by David A. Robalino, Laura Rawlings and Ian Walker, March 2012 1201 MicroDeterminants of Informal Employment in the Middle East and North Africa Region by Diego F. Angel-Urdinola and Kimie Tanabe, January 2012 To view Social Protection Discussion papers published prior to 2012, please visit www.worldbank.org/sp Abstract How much do countries spend on social protection? Do social protection programs cover all poor people? And, how well are they targeted? It is notoriously hard to find comprehensive cross-country data on social protection programs which can help answer such questions and allow to benchmark social protection systems. The World Bank’s Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) Social Protection Database attempts to fill these knowledge gaps by collecting and systematizing data on social protection programs from both administrative sources and household surveys. The data assembled provides a powerful tool to study trends and analyze program performance as well as benchmark countries’ social protection systems. We found both expected and unexpected trends in spending on social protection and coverage of social protection programs across countries. Between 2000 and 2010 expenditure on social assistance nearly tripled. At a program level, conditional cash transfer programs ceased to dominate social assistance spending, with the exception of Mexico, and have come second to social pension spending in Brazil, Uruguay and Chile. Labor market programs remain small and fragmented, but show much more counter-cyclical patterns. About this series... Social Protection & Labor Discussion Papers are published to communicate the results of The World Bank’s work to the development community with the least possible delay. The typescript manuscript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formally edited texts. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The author(s) attest(s) that the paper represents original work. It fully references and describes all relevant prior work on the same subject. For more information, please contact the Social Protection Advisory Service, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, N.W., Room G7-803, Washington, DC 20433 USA. Telephone: (202) 458-5267, Fax: (202) 614-0471, E-mail: socialprotection@worldbank.org or visit us on-line at www.worldbank.org/sp. © 2013 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank Printed on recycled paper