E494 V8 REPUBLIC OF YEMEN MINISTRY OF WATER AND ENVIRONMENT URBAN WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATI025N PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT TAIZ GOVERNORATE TAZCW 1 Rehabilitation of Water Network in Eastern Part ofTaiz TAZCW2 Rehabilitation of Water Network in Western Part ofTaiz TAZCW3 Rehabilitation of Wastewater Treatment Plant and Extension of Main Trunk line in Easter Taiz TAZCW5 Rehabilitation and Extension of Sewerage System August - September 2007 REPUBLIC OF YElVIEN MINISTRY OF WATER AND ENVIRONMENT URBAN WATER SUPPLY AND SAN ITA TI025N PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT TAIZ GOVERNORATE By: Amer A. AI-Ghorbany (M.Se) August - September 2007 TABLE OF CONTENT List of Abbreviations ............................................................................ III List of Tables ................................................................................ IV IN"TRODUCTION ................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................. 2 1.1 Project Description .......................................................................... 3 1.2 Governmental Coordination & Consultation.. . . . . ... ... ... . .. . ......................... 5 1.3 Public Consultation .......................................................................... 5 1.4 Negative Environmental Impacts ......................................................... 5 1.5 Environmental Mitigation Measures ..................................................... 8 1.6 Main Findings ............................................................................... .12 1.7 Recommendations .......................................................................... 12 1.8 Photographs ................................................................................. 13 CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................. 14 2.1 Project Description ......................................................................... 15 2.2 Governmental Coordination & Consultation ........................................... .16 2.3 Public Consultation ......................................................................... 16 2.4 Negative Environmental Impacts ........................................................ 16 2.5 Environmental Mitigation Measures ..................................................... 19 2.6 Main Findings .............................................................................. .24 2.7 Recommendations ................. , ., ...................................................... 24 2.8 Photographs ......... '" .................................................................... 25 CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................... 26 3.1 Project Description ........................................................................ 27 3.2 Governmental Coordination & Consultation ........................................... 29 3.3 Public Consultation ......................................................................... 29 I 3.4 Negative Environmental Impacts ........................................................ 29 3.5 Environmental Mitigation Measures .................................................. 33 3.6 Main Findings .................................. " ... , ............. ' ..... , .. , ............... 36 3.7 Recommendations. . . . . .. . ............................. , ................ , ................. .3 7 3.8 Photographs .............................................................................. ".38 CHAPTER FOUR............................................................................. 41 4.1 Project Description ......................................................................... 42 4.2 Governmental Coordination & Consultation ............... , .......................... ..4 3 4.3 Public Consultation ...................................................................... ..44 4.4 Negative Environmental Impacts ....................................................... .44 4.5 Environmental Mitigation Measures .................................................... .47 4.6 Main Findings ........... , ................................................................. 51 4.7 Recommendations .. , ........... , ........................................................... 51 4.8 Photographs ........................................ , .......... , ........................... 52 II LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Enviroqmental Management Plan ESO Environmental Safety Officer GoY Government of Yemen IDA fu~rn~~n~D~cl~mem~eocy NWSA National Water and Sanitation Authority Pill Project Implementation Unit PMU Project Management Unit UWSSP Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project WB World Bank WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant III REGISTER OF TABLES Table 1.1: Scope of Work and Work Executed Table 1.2: Potential Negative Impacts during Construction phase Table 1.3: Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures Table 2.1: Scope of Work and Work Executed Table 2.2: Potential Negative Impacts during Construction Phase Table 2.3: Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures Table 3.1: Scope of work and Work Executed Table 3.2: Potential Negative Impacts during Construction phase Table 3.3: Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures Table 4.1: Scope of Work and Work Executed Table 4.2: Potential Negative Impacts During Construction Phase Table 4.3: Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures IV INTRODUCTION The Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project (UWSSP) is one of the biggest projects working in water and sanitation sector in Yemen. The project aims to provide efficient and sustainable service to ensure environme~tal and social stability in accordance to the Five Year Development Plan, the Millennium Development Goals and Poverty Reduction Strategy. The total cost of the project is approximately (US$150) million of which the approved credit amount by the International Development Agency (IDA) -for phase (1)- is approximately (US$130) million and the committed amount by the Government of Yemen (GoY) is (US$20) million. Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project has included Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), along with Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Mitigation Program for civil works contracts signed by the project. One of the overall objectives of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Mitigation Program is to ensure the possibility of correcting the planed measures to mitigate adverse impacts. Many of these impacts have been foreseen, but the degree of each impact may differ from the one expected. This report summarizes the implementation progress of the Environmental Management Plan and Mitigation Program for civil works contracts in Taiz governorate for months August - September 2007. The report was prepared by Environmental and Safety Officer (ESO) based on monthly progress reports of consulting companies supervising civil works, meetings held with consulting firms, contractors, public and field visits to construction sites. Republic of Yemen Ministry Of Water and Environment Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project CHAPTRER ONE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT FOR CONTRACT NO: TAZCW-l AUGUST - SEPTEMBER 2007 2 1.1 Project Description -Project name: Rehabilitation of Water Network in Eastern Part ofTaiz -Contract NO: T AZCW #1 -Name of the contractor: Arabian Trading Enterprises - Name of the consulting firm: Stanley Consultant Inc. - Location: Eastern Part of Taiz -Contract description & performance The project contract covers 4 main components as shown in table 1.1. - Contract dates · Commencement date: 25.05.2005 · Contract period: 18 months (547 days) · Extension time awarded: 313 days · % of work Executed: 91 For more information about contract 1, please refer to the Monthly Progress Report (June-July2007). 3 Table 1.1: Scope of Work and Work Executed % I Scope of work Work executed Complete 1- Establishment of reinforcement ReselVoir #3 is complete with regard concrete water reselVoir at Tha'abat to concrete work and water tightness with capacity of 4000m3. . test for one of its 2 cells and the other IS In process. 2- Establishment of reinforcement The second and final water tightness concrete water reselVoir at Taiz test for reselVoir # 4 has passed. Water Supply and Sanitation Local Corporation yard with capacity of 91 · 6000 m3. 3- Construction of Water Pumping - Painting work in progress station at the main yard including -Electrical and mechanical work in supply and installation of three progress. centrifugal pumps and pertinent · electromechanically equipment -Landscaping in progress . 4- Replacement of deteriorated The contractor IS completing the network In east part of Taiz installation of all secondary lines, including supply and installation of risers, pipes and water meters at the 170.000 HDPE, 32.800 PVC and houses. Approximately 150 water 15.857 DI and 14.500 water meters. meters are being installed and most piping connections have been made and disconnection points for the AI- Shamasi area have been made. I I 4 1.2 Governmental Coordination & Consultation All construction works on contract #1 are coordinated with governmental sector through the information and provision of related authorities with drawings for locations and . . timings for schedule constructions works. However, closer consultation was done through the existence of representative of related authorities. Such representatives included representatives of: I-Taiz Water Supply and Sanitation Local Corporation 2-General Traffic Management 3-Taiz Local Electricity Authority 4-Taiz Local Communication Authority 1.3 Public Consultation No large-scale public consultation or awareness campaigns were performed during the project implementation. However, the PIU performed an adhoc consultation campaign by talking with residents in construction areas. 1.4 Negative Environmental Impacts Potential impacts of construction phase on environment -as identified in the EIA study- are assessed in table 1.2. 5 Table 1.2: Potential Negative Impacts during Construction Phase I Issue Impact Degree of actual i Impact Public Safety Potential injury and death Low Noise and Construction Nuisance value that may in extreme cases Low . Disturbance affect health Nuisance value that may in extreme cases affect health of general population. Low Air Quality (excL dust) Vulnerable groups could have much higher I health threats. I Dust i Traffic on local dirt roads Moderate Removal and disposal of non usable soil Low Waste Soil Material materials I I Hydrogeology, Geology and I Negligible · Negligible i Topology i Fauna, Flora and Ecology · Archaeology/Cultural Negligible Negligible Heritage OtT site works Project offices Negligible Negligible Material Stockp'les I Access Not significant i i Pre-Fabrication Yard Resources use, Access, Storage Low i · Equipments Maintenance Storage and use of Chemicals, industrial I Low and Cleaning waste disposal (especially oils). i Potential scale of operation. Possibility for Borrow Pits numerous new sites. Access reqUlrements. Moderate resource needs. i I 6 I Access and construction Mix of heavy construction traffic and existing Low traffic traffic will be a potential source of accidents I Resource Use I i Water Effect on existing resource users Low Borrow material Reduction in quantum of resources available Low I Permanent Impacts Land acquisition None None Property take None None I i I Cultural Properties None None Flora and Fauna Minor Not significant Malaria Threat to public health Not significant i Dried Sludge Disposal of large volume of material Not applicable I Population relocation and None None settlement Productive land loss None None Employment loss Negligible None Low Storage and use of hazardous chemicals. Flushing and Disinfection Disposal of wastes and resources use Existing system Maintenance of supplies during construction, Low isolation of new systems from old, ensure connection of all consumers, prevention of return of illegal connections Flushing Existing Lines Handing and disposal of flushing chemicals Low 7 1.5 Environmental Mitigation Measures As identified in the EIA study, the project may cause some negative impact to the environment. Therefore, some measures were put to mitigate these impacts. Potential negative impacts, mitigation measures, implementation responsibility and situation are summarized in table 1.3. 8 Table 1.3: Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures ,--~~ ---- Item Potential Negative Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Implementation Responsibility Situation --c~ Sewage from destroyed Contamination from proper Controlled transport to WWTP. Temporary Contractor Not applicable cesspit and households disposal of sewage disposal measures and waste dilution if necessary. Cesspit Sampling. , Improved living Increase in incidence of A malaria abatement program will be ESO in conjunction No Program was conditions for malaria designed and implemented under the project with local malaria designed Anopheles and health officials f--~ . Dned wastewater Improper use and lack of ~ Sludge re-use policy study to be performed PIU Not applicable sludge storage space and financed under the project I Industrial pollution Contamination of urban Survey of Polluting Industries ESO Not applicable environment and sewage system ~-~ Effluent and influent ' Low quality wastewater Regular Sampling will be included in the Independent Not applicable monitormg at WWTP mitigation measures sampling contractor ---- Soil & Ground Water Contamination soil and Proper clothing and worker education. Proper Contractor, Not applicable groundwater in construction disposal if warranted. Soil and groundwater independent sampling areas and downstream of downstream of the WWTP and in the project contractor (lab tests) WWTP area will be monitored to determine if contamination has occurred ~~~ 9 ~~~ Disturbance during Use of heavy equipment restricted from 7 p.m Contractor, Works restricted to · construction to 6 a.m. proper noise muffling devises, independent sampling daytime hours. No traffic routing and monitoring contractor (lab tests) complaints received. r---~ Dust Disturbance during Use of dust suppression measures such as Contractor, Contractor sprayed construction wetting, dust covers and speed restriction. independent sampling water on soil in Monitoring will be carried out. contractor (lab tests) project areas. No complaints received r- Water use: on and off Water contamination. Contractors will be required to bring all water Contractor, Pill, Contractor using own site Reduced public water level on site in tankers and only be allowed to fill TWSLC water sources. Water their tankers at approved sites. Water storage use on site is minimal. provisions must be made. !-----~~ Hazardous chemicals Improper disposal of Supply of proper training and safety gear. Contractor Contractor supplying chemicals used to flush water Spill contingency plan training to workers. lines Contractor disposing chemicals at approved sites . Concentrations limited to WWTP's technical TWSLC, WWTP Concentration limited capacity to treat Staff, Independent to WWTP's technical sampling contractor capacity to treat (lab tests) ~~~.-- 10 -Medical Clinic Construction site related A temporary clinic will be established in ;0 Unn "'''''''''''' "f)' mJunes project areas that do not have easy access to local facility Public Consultation Unnecessary disruption of An extensive public consultation program will PIU Interviews with affected communities continue to be undertaken, including the use residents in project's of radio, TV, town meetings, and household area have been surveys undertaken. No larger scale interview performed I ESO & Infonnation Non-Compliance with An Environmental Safety Officer (£SO) will PIU, TWSLC ESO is contracted Campaign Management Plan be hired to monitor mitigation measures and since Aug.2007 disseminate relevant information -------- i Environmental Non Compliance with Semi-annual reviews performed to examine ESO, with assistance To be implemented Reviews Mitigation Plan compliance with mitigation plan, regulatory from WB requirements, and to identify potential Environmental environmental problems Specialist as part of IDA supervision mission 11 1.6 Main Findings 1- During site visit to the reservoirs # 3&4, it was noticeable that measures for workers safety were not completely practiced. Although workers applied some safety measures, other measures were neglected like wearing protective helmets. 2- Stairs used to reach the roof of reservoir # 3&4 were not provided with side protective bars. Stairs of reservoir 4 was not safely fixed with enough supporting stands. 3- Reservoir 4, inside TWSLC, has open chamber that holds outlet pipes of the reservoir. This chamber is not designed with a water exit which means that the open chamber will be collecting water in each rain event. This shall create a potential media for water transmitted diseases and also increase the corrodibility of pipes inside the chamber. 4- No major areas of non-compliance with the Environmental Management Plan were identified during the filed visit to contract #1. 5- Contractor's equipment was serviced in private workshop. Other restrictions were applied to insure a full control over the oil and diesel change for equipments. Such measures included the prohibition of providing motor-oil, lubricants or diesel on site or outside the workshop. 1.7 Recommendations 1- It is highly recommended that a generator is used to pump the collected water in the outlet chamber that holds pIpes coming out of reservoir #3. According to the consultant, the generator is the most feasible method to get the water out of the chamber and prevent the potential negative consequences of the water which will be collected inside the chamber. 12 1.8 Photographs Outlet Chamber where some unwanted water is already collected 13 Republic of Yemen Ministry Of Water and Environment Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project CHAPTRER TWO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT FOR CONTRACT NO: TAZCW-2 AUGUST - SEPTEMBER 2007 14 2.1 Project Description -Project name: Rehabilitation of Water Network in Western Part of Taiz -Contract NO: TAZCW #2 -Name of the contractor: Kahlan Trading and Contracting Company - Name of the consulting firm: Stanley Consultant Inc. - Location: Western Part ofTaiz -Contract description & performance The contract scope of work is mainly to replace the deteriorated water network in west part of Taiz (see table - Contract dates · Commencement date: 25.05.2005 · Contract period: 18 months (547 days) · Extension time awarded: 306 days · % of work Executed: 89 For more information about contract 2, please refer to the Monthly Progress Report (June-July2007). Table 2.1: Scope of Work and Work Executed Scope of work WOI'k executed % Complete I - Replacement of deteriorated All main and secondary lines are completed. water network in western part The contractor is proceeding with the ofTaiz. Supply and installation installation of the risers pipes and water meters. of about 289,239 m of pipes Approximately 150 water meters are bemg 89 · and 16,000 of water meters. installed daily. A large area in the western part ofTaiz has been disconnected 15 2.2 Governmental Coordination & Consultation Coordination between the PIU and governmental sector was mainly achieved through representatives of main related authorities which are: I-Taiz Water Supply and Sanitation Local Corporation 2-General Traffic Management 3-Taiz Local Electricity Authority 4-Taiz Local Communication Authority 2.3 Public Consultation Public consultation is undertaken during the project implementation through an adhoc conversation with citizens in construction area. However, no large-scale public consultation was performed. 2.4 Negative Environmental Impacts Potential impacts of construction phase on environment -as identified in the ElA study- are assessed in table 2.2. 16 Table 2.2: Potential Negative Impacts during Construction Phase Degree of actual Issue Impact Impact Public Safety Potential injury and death Low I Noise and Construction Nuisance value that may in extreme cases Low Disturbance affect health Nuisance value that may In extreme cases affect health of general population. Low Air Quality (excl. dust) Vulnerable groups could have much higher health threats. Traffic on local dirt roads Moderate · Dust Removal and disposal of non usable soil Moderate Waste Soil Material materials Hydrogeology, Geology and Negligible Negligible Topology Fauna, Flora and Ecology Negligible Negligible Archaeology/Cultural Heritage Negligible Negligible . OfT site wo.·ks I Project offices Negligible Negligible Material Stockpiles Access Not significant ! Pre-Fabrication Yard Resources use, Access, Storage Low Equipments Maintenance and I Storage and use of Chemicals, industrial Low Cleaning waste disposal (especially oils). Potential scale of operation. Possibility for Borrow Pits numerous new sites. Access requirements. Moderate Water resource needs. 17 Mix of heavy construction traffic and existing i Low Access and construction traffic traffic will be a potential source of accidents Resource Use Water Low · Effect on existing resource users Borrow material Reduction in quantum of resources available Low ! J i Permanent Impacts Land acquisition None None None None I Property take None None I I Cultural Properties Not significant I Flora and Fauna Minor i · Malaria Threat to public health Not significant Dried Sludge Disposal of large volume of material Not applicable · Population relocation and None None settlement Productive land loss None None Employment loss Negligible None Low Storage and use of hazardous chemicals. Flushing and Disinfection Disposal of wastes and resources use Existing system Maintenance of supplies during construction, Low isolation of new systems from old, ensure connection of all consumers, prevention of return of illegal connections I Flushing Existing Lines I Handing and disposal of flushing chemicals Low 18 2.5 Environmental Mitigation Measures As identified in the EIA study, the project may cause some negative impact to the environment. Therefore, some measures were put to mitigate these impacts. Potential . . negative impacts, mitigation measures, implementation responsibility and situation are summarized in table 2.3. 19 Table 2.3: Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures --- Item Potential Negative Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Implementation Responsibility Situation Sewage from destroyed Contamination from proper Controlled transport to WWTP. Temporary Contractor Not applicable cesspit and households disposal of sewage disposal measures and waste dilution if necessary. Cesspit Sampling. --- Improved living Increase in incidence of A malaria abatement program will be designed ESO conjunction No Program was conditions for malaria and implemented under the project with local malaria and designed Anopheles health officials --- -- Dried wastewater I Improper use and lack of Sludge re-use policy study to be performed and PIU Not applicable I sludge storage space financed under the project Industrial pollution Contamination of urban Survey of Polluting Industries ESO Not applicable environment and sewage system --- !---- . I Effluent and influent Low quahty wastewater Regular Sampling will be included in the Independent sampling Not applicable monitoring at WWTP mitigation measures contractor Soil & Ground Water Contamination soil and Proper clothing and worker education. Proper Contractor, Not applicable groundwater in construction disposal if warranted. Soil and groundwater independent sampling areas and downstream of downstream of the WWTP and in the project area contractor (lab tests) WWTP will be monitored to determine if contamination has occurred - 20 Noise Disturbance during Use of heavy equipment restricted from 7 p.m to Contractor, Works restricted construction 6 a.m. proper noise muffling devises, traffic independent sampling to daytime routing and monitoring contractor (lab tests) hours. No complaints received. r--~ ~--~~ . Dust Disturbance during Use of dust suppression measures such as Contractor, No complaints cons truction wetting, dust covers and speed restriction. independent sampling received Monitoring will be carried out. contractor (lab tests) Water use: on and off ! Water contamination. i Contractors will be required to bring all water on Contractor, PIU, Contractor usmg . site Reduced public water level site in tankers and only be allowed to fill their TWSLC own water tankers at approved sites. Water storage sources. Water provisions must be made. use on site is mmimal. I r--=~:::~ ~----- ~-- ~---~ Hazardous chemicals Improper disposal of Supply of proper training and safety gear. Spill Contractor Contractor chemicals used to flush water contingency plan supplying lines training to workers. Contractor disposing chemicals at 21 ----- approved sites , --- Concentrations limited to WWTP's technical TWSLC, WWTP Staff, Concentration I capacity to treat Independent sampling limited to contractor (lab tests) WWTP's technical capacity to treat Medical Clinic Construction site related A temporary clinic will be established in project ESO Unnecessary injuries areas that do not have easy access to local facility Public Consultation Unnecessary disruption of An extensive public consultation program will PIU Interviews with affected communities continue to be undertaken, including the use of residents in radio, TV, town meetings, and household surveys project's area have been undertaken. No larger scale interview performed ESO & Information Non-Compliance with An Environmental Safety Officer (ESO) will be PIU, TWSLC ESO is Campaign Management Plan hired to monitor mitigation measures and contracted since disseminate relevant information Aug.2007 ------- 22 En vironmental Non Compliance with Semi-annual reviews performed to examine ESO, with assistance To be Reviews Mitigation Plan compliance with mitigation plan, regulatory from WB implemented requirements, and to identify potential Environmental environmental problems Specialist as part of IDA supervision mlSSlon 23 2.6 Main Findings 1. It was noticed that the some of the open trenches were left with remainings of the excavation works in place without safety sings and tapes. Such trenches were noticed in main roads which disturb the traffic and form a hazard to drivers and pedestrians especially during night hours. 2. Noise was limited to working hours and no complains were received from civilians against the contractor as project works were primarily implemented during daytime hours. 3. No complaints were filled against dust disturbance. 4. As outlined in the EMP, the public was warned from open trenches through the use of security tapes and signs. This method proved to be effective in warning public from open trenches, however, in many cases these tapes and signs are removed by children or stolen -especially during night hours- due to the large area of the project which unable working staff from preventing the removal of these tapes and sings. 5. ESO field visit for contract #2 came during the preliminary handing over of the project. So it should be mentioned that this report is based mainly on observations made for the very limited remaining construction sites. 2.7 Recommendations 1. Although incidences of removing warnmg tapes occurred, more attention should be given to the safety issues by insuring the provision of warning tapes and sings in the remaining construction sites, especially in construction sites on the main roads and during nighttimes. 24 2.8 Photographs Open Trenches where no safety measures applied 25 Republic of Yemen Ministry Of Water and Environment Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project CHAPTRER THREE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT FOR CONTRACT NO: TAZCW-3 AUGUST - SEPTEMBER 2007 26 3.1 Project Description -Project name: Rehabilitation of Wastewater Treatment Plant and Extension of Main Trunk Line in Eastern Taiz -Contract NO: T AZCW #3 -Name of the contractor: N AI Rehab & IEE - Name of the consulting firm: Stanley Consultant Inc. - Location: Taiz city -Contract description & performance The project contract covers 6 main components as shown in table 3.1. - Contract dates · Commencement date: 25.05.2005 · Contract period: 18 months (547 days) · Extension time awarded: 316 days · % of work Executed: 98 For more information about contract 3, please refer to the Monthly Progress Report (June-J uly2007). Table 3.1: Scope of work and Work Executed Scope of work Work executed % Complete 1- Supply and installation of sewer mam Most of the 98 line about 480m of ON 500mm UPVC, concrete works for and construction of about 57 manholes. the Line 'P' sewage pumping station is completed and the associated Line 'P' 200mm and 250mm . discharge lines in Wadi AI-Qadi i Street are 95% completed. I 27 2- Supply and installation of about 2200m 98 UPVC pipe of DN 150mm including of about 220 on site Manholes for house connection. 3- Alternative Option: 782m DN 300mm from Wadi AI-Qadi pressure mam, pumping station generator and civil work. 4- Rehabilitation of the waste water treatment ponds in Al Borayhi including the following: a. Provisional modification, O&N of the manholes between ponds b. Removal of about 190000m3 wastewater above sludge in the ponds c. Removal of about 300,000m3 of settled sludge from the ponds to the dry beds d. Transport of about 300,000m3 of dry sludge from the drying beds to a stockpile on the site e. Replacement of worn stockpile 5- Grit Chamber 6- Parshall Flume 28 3.2 Governmental Coordination & Consultation Coordination with governmental sector was mainly done through the existing representative of related authorities. These people represent local authorities of: I-Taiz Water Supply and Sanitation Local Corporation 2-General Traffic Management 3-Taiz Local Electricity Authority 4-Taiz Local Communication Authority 3.3 Public Consultation Public were mainly consulted during the project implementation by informing them about the project activities and responding to their opinions and complaint However, no large- scale public consultation was performed. 3.4 Negative Environmental Impacts Potential impacts of construction phase on environment -as identified in the EIA study- are assessed in table 3.2. 29 Table 3.2: Potential Negative Impacts during Construction Pbase General Impacts Issue Impact Degree of actual Impact I i Public Safety Potential injury and death Low \ Noise and Construction Nuisance value that may in extreme cases Moderate Disturbance affect health Air Quality (excL dust Nuisance value that may in extreme cases Low affect health of general population . . Vulnerable groups could have much i higher health threats. Dust I Traffic on local dirt roads Low Waste Soil Material Removal and disposal of non usable soil Low materials Hydrogeology, Geology and Negligible Negligible Topology . Fauna, Flora and Ecology Effect on local flora and ecology Low . Archaeology/Cultural Heritage Negligible Negligible i .... - I Off site works i I Project offices Negligible Negligible i I Material Stockpiles Access Not significant I Pre-Fabrication Yard I Resources use, Access, Storage Low i I I i Equipments Maintenance and Storage and use of Chemicals, industrial Low I Cleaning waste disposal (especially oils). I Borrow Pits Potential scale of operation. Possibility for Low numerous new sites. Access requirements. Water resource needs. Access and construction traffic Mix of heavy construction traffic and I Low existing traffic will be a potential source of accidents i 30 I I Resource Use i I Water . Effect on existing resource users Low Borrow material Reduction in quantUm of resources Not significant available I · Permanent Impacts Land acquisition None None ! Property take None None Cultural Properties None None I Flora and Fauna Minor Low ! Malaria Threat to public health Significant Dried Sludge Disposal of large volume of material Not applicable Population relocation and None None settlement ! Productive land loss None None I I Employment loss Negligible None I 31 Table 3.2 (Cont.) Impacts Related to Sanitary Projects Phase/ Issue Impact Degree of actual Impact I Construction Impact Cesspit Removal Threat to public health from Moderate the opening of the pit including odour nuisance, · access to 20 m deep holes, traffic, etc. Removal and disposal of the Low waste materials from the pits. I ! Scale of import of fill and Low i source to fill Collection, handing and Moderate · disposal of waste generated · by households disconnected l from theIr dIsposal system. - - - - I - - - · _ _ · _ · _ _ _ _L _ · _ _ _ _ Wastewater Disposal Fly dumping of cesspit Low ·~ wastes i Use of Sludge and Treated Project is unlikely to alter Moderate I Water at WWTP the composition of wastes ! used by farmers at WWTP i i Soil Contamination Potentially extensive Significant workforce contact with I contaminated materials and casual public access (esp. children) Traffic Dismptions Temporary, partial and full Lo' closure of sections of Taiz road network Local Access Interference with property Moderate · access, neighbourhood , access and access to special 32 sites, (schools, mosques and ! such like) or other public buildings. i I Operation phase Use of Existing Sewer Capability of existing lines Significant lines to receive newly co llected sewage Use of Existing Treatment Additional volume will not Moderate Plant significantly add to overloading Social Impacts Migration and Social Low Organization. Negligible income and Employment. Housing and Urban Promote new housing and Significant Development urban development or area I redevelopment 3.5 Environmental Mitigation Measures As identified in the EIA study, the project may cause some negative impact to the environment. Therefore, some measures were put to mitigate these impacts. Potential negative impacts, mitigation measures, implementation responsibility and situation are summarized in table 3.3. 33 Table 3.3: Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures -~" --- -~ ---- -- --- Potential Negative Implementation Implementation lItem l I Mitigation Measures Impact Responsibility Situation , ---- New sewer system Contamination from Controlled transport to WWTP. Temporary Sewage from destroyed is operated before proper disposal of disposal measures and waste dilution if necessary. Contractor c~sspit and households cesspit wastes sewage Cesspit Sampling. became a problem. I Improved living ESO in conjunction Increase in incidence of A malaria abatement program will be designed and No Program was conditions for with local malaria and malaria implemented under the project designed Anopheles health officials Dried wastewater Improper use and lack of Sludge re-use policy study to be perfonned and No re-use policy is PIU sludge ~----.----. st()rage space financed under the project developed yet Contamination of urban ESO No implemented Industrial pollution environment and sewage Survey of Polluting Industries yet system Effluent and influent Regular Sampling will be included in the mitigation Independent sampling Low quality wastewater Not implemented monitoring at WWTP measures contractor I Proper clothing and worker education. Proper Workers trained Contamination soil and disposal if warranted. Soil and groundwater Contractor, and clothed groundwater in Soil & Ground Water downstream of the WWTP and in the project area independent sampling Properly. No construction areas and will be monitored to detennine if contamination has contractor (lab tests) sampling program downstream ofWWTP --- occurred implemented Works restricted Use of heavy equipment restricted from 7 p.m to 6 Contractor, Disturbance during to daytime hours. Noise a.m. proper noise muffling devises, traffic routing independent sampling construction No complaints and monitoring contractor (lab tests) received. Contractor Use of dust suppression measures such as wetting, Contractor, sprayed water on Disturbance during Dust dust covers and speed restriction. Monitoring will independent sampling project area. No construction be carried out. contractor (lab tests) complaints -- received 34 - Contractors will be required to bring all water on Contractor using Water contamination. Water use: on and off site in tankers and only be allowed to fill their Contractor, PIU, own water Reduced public water site tankers at approved sites. Water storage provisions TWSLC sources. Water use level .~ must be made . on site is minimal. I . Improper disposal of Supply of proper training and safety gear. Spill Hazardous chemicals chemicals used to flush Contractor Not applicable contingency plan water lines TWSLC, WWTP Staff, Concentrations limited to WWTP's technical Independent sampling Not applicable I capacity to treat contractor (lab tests) Unnecessary due Construction site related A temporary clinic will be established in project Medical Clinic ESO to the existence of inJunes areas that do not have easy access to local facility I f---. public clinics. Interviews with residents in An extensive public consultation program will project's area have Unnecessary disruption Public Consultation continue to be undertaken, including the use of PIU been undertaken. of affected communities radio, TV, town meetings, and household surveys No larger scale interview ,.- performed . An Environmental Safety Officer (ESO) will be ESO & Information Non·Compliance with ESO is contracted hired to monitor mitigation measures and PIU, TWSLC Campaign Management Plan since Aug.2007 ~. - disseminate relevant information ESO, with assistance Semi·annual reviews performed to examine fromWB Environmental Non Compliance with compliance with mitigation plan, regulatory Environmental To be Reviews Mitigation Plan requirements, and to identify potential Specialist as part of implemented environmental problems IDA supervision mission 35 3.6 Main Findings 1~ Sludge removed from treatment ponds is piled inside the WWTP and no plan for reusing the sludge is developed yet. 2- Illegal pumping of wastewater is tacking place near WWTP for influent as farmers intentionally damage the sewer pipes and pump untreated wastewater to their farms for irrigation which pose a risk on public health as some of these farms produce vegetables. 3- In the construction site of the pump station in Wadi A1 Qadi, some safety measure like using warning sings and tapes are not applied. 4- According to the local residents, odour is emitted out of manholes and inspection chambers due to the use of metal covers that are designed with ventilation wholes. 5~ Some concerns are raised about the possibility of erosion of the piled sludge to the treatment ponds. 6- No study is performed to reveal degree of effect of the WWTP on health of residents living near the WWTp, example number of malaria cases. 7- Potential risk that is posed on public due to the consumption of vegetables that are irrigated by untreated wastewater is not known. 36 3.7 Recommendations 1- A malaria expert should be hired -as recommended in the Environmental Management Plan- to design a malaria abatement program for Taiz. This should be done in cooperation with National Malaria Control Program. Attention should be given to area near treatment plant. 2- Measures should be taken to prevent the illegal pumping of untreated wastewater to farms near WWTP. 3- A study should be performed -as outline in the Environmental Management Plan- to identify potential users of the piled sludge. Main potential users are Local Agriculture Office - who may use sludge as fertilizers for public parks- and local farmers. 4- The TWSSLC is encouraged to regularly analyze effluent leaving the WWTP to determine the suitability of treated wastewater to be disposed of to wadis near the WWTP. 5- It is recommended that TWSSLC -in coordination with a research institute- to perform a study on the degree of hazard to public health that result from using untreated wastewater in irrigation. 6- There is a need to build the capacity of the environmental unit of TWSSLC, in order to be able to follow up day by day the environmental concerns of according to theEMP. 7- It is recommended that a completely solid covers are used for inspection champers to avoid the emission of unwanted odour. This should be considered when designing future sewer systems. 37 3.8 Photographs Remaining Construction sites where safety measures are missing 38 Piles of sludge inside Taiz WWTP 39 Upper photo: access of animals to the WWTP Pipe for pumping untreated wastewater used by local farmers 40 Republic of Yemen Ministry Of Water and Environment Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project CHAPTRER Four ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT FOR CONTRACT NO: TAZCW-5 AUGUST - SEPTEMBER 2007 41 4.1 Project Description -Project name: Rehabilitation and Extension of Sewerage System -Contract NO: TAZCW #5 -Name of the contractor: Kahlan Trading and Contracting Company - Name of the consulting firm: Stanley Consultant Inc. - Location: Taiz city -Contract description & performance The project contract covers 3 main components as shown in table 4.1. All sewer lines are ready for handing over. This contract is substantially completed and in many cases the residents have already connected the system. - Contract dates · Commencement date: 25.05.2005 · Contract period: 18 months (547 days) · Extension time awarded: 77 days · % of work Executed: 98 For more information about contract 5, please refer to the Monthly Progress Report (J une-July2007). 42 Table 4.1: Scope of Work and Work Executed Scope of work Work executed % Completed 1- Supply and installation of Lines and manholes are about 22km sewer mam DN ready for hand over. 500-200 mm UPVC pipe including construction of about 600 manholes. 2- Supply and installation of Lines and inspection 98 about l3 km sewer of DN 150 chambers are ready for mm UPVC pipe for house hand over connections with about 1.300 inspection chamber. 3- About 35km of sewer Lines are ready for hand over 4.2Governmental Coordination & Consultation Coordination with governmental sector was done through the provision of information about the project working locations and timing for construction and excavation works to the related authorities. Coordination was mainly implemented through representative of related authorities that appointed as permanent coordinators with the project. Representatives included the local authorities: 1-Taiz Water Supply and Sanitation Local Corporation 2-General Traffic Management 3-Taiz Local Electricity Authority 4-Taiz Local Communication Authority 43 4.3 Public Consultation Public were mainly consulted during the project implementation by informing them about the project activities and responding to their opinions and complai!1t. However, no large- scale public consultation was performed. 4.4 Negative Environmental Impacts Potential impacts of construction phase on environment -as identified in the EIA study- are assessed in table 4.2. Table 4.2: Potential Negative Impacts during Construction phase General Impacts Issue Impact Degree of actual Impact Public Safety Potential injury and death Low N-o-is-e-an-d-C-o-n-s-tr-u-c-t-io-n----r-N-u-l-·s-an-c-e-va-I--u-e-t-h-at-m-a-y--in-e-x-tr-e-m-e-c-a-s-e-s-+---M-o-'d-e-ra-te---1 Disturbance affect health I Air Quality (excl. dust Nuisance value that may in extreme cases Low affect health of general population. Vulnerable groups could have much higher health threats. Dust Traffic on local dirt roads Low Waste Soil Material Removal and disposal of non usable soil Low l I materials Hydrogeology, GeOIOgYand-TNegITglbIe----·--·---··-------:-I--Negilg;b-Ie--- : Topology I i I Fauna, Flora and Ecology Negligible 1 Negligible J 44 Archaeology/Cultural Heritage Negligible Negligible I Off site works Project offices Negligible Negligible · Material Stockpiles Access Not significant Pre-Fabrication Yard Resources use, Access, Storage Low Equipments Maintenance and Storage and use of Chemicals, industrial Moderate i Cleaning waste disposal (especially oils). Borrow Pits Potential scale of operation. Possibility for Moderate numerous new sites. Access requirements. Water resource needs. Access and construction traffic Mix of heavy construction traffic and Low existing traffic will be a potential source of accidents Resource Use I . Water Effect on existing resource users Low I Borrow material Reduction in quantum of resources Low available Permanent Impacts Land acquisition None None Property take None I Cultural Properties None Flora and Fauna Minor Not significant I Malaria . Threat to public health Negligible 45 I Dried Sludge Disposal of large volume of material Not applicable I I Population relocation and None None settlement Productive land loss None None I Employment loss Negligible None I J Table 4.2 (Cont.) Impacts Related to Sanitary Projects Phase/ Issue Impact Degree of actual Impact Construction Impact .-~- ..- ~~~ Cesspit Removal Threat to public health from the Moderate opening of the pit including odor nuisance, access to 20 m deep holes, traffic, etc. Removal and disposal of the waste Low materials from the pits. Scale of import of fill and source to Low fill Collection, handing and disposal of Low waste generated by households disconnected from their disposal system. Wastewatel" Disposal Fly dumping of cesspit wastes Low Use of Sludge and Treated Project is unlikely to alter the Not app It cab Ie] Water at WWTP i composition of wastes used by I 46 farmers at WWTP I Soil Contamination Potentially extensive workforce Significant contact with contaminated materials and casual public access (esp. children) Traffic Disruptions Temporary, partial and full closure Low of sections of Taiz road network Local Access Interference with property access, Low neighbourhood access and access to special sites, (schools, mosques and such like) or other public buildings. Operation phase Use of Existing Sewer Capability of existing lines to receive Significant lines newly collected sewage Use of Existing Treatment Additional volume will not Moderate Plant significantly add to overloading Social Impacts Migration and Social Organization. Low Negligible income and Employment. Housing and Urban Promote new housing and urban Significant Development development or area redevelopment 4.5 Environmental Mitigation Measures As identified in the EIA study, the project may cause some negative impact to the environment. Therefore, some measures were put to mitigate these impacts. Potential negative impacts, mitigation measures, implementation responsibility and situation are summarized in table 4.3. 47 Table 4.3: Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures --- Potential Negative Impact Implementation Implementation Item Mitigation Measures Responsibility Situation Controlled transport to WWTP. Temporary Sewage from destroyed Contamination from proper disposal measures and waste dilution if necessary. Contractor Not applicable , cesspit and households disposal of sewage I Cesspit Sampling. L Improved living ESO in conjunction Increase in incidence of A malaria abatement program will be designed No Program was conditions for with local malaria and malaria and implemented under the project designed Anopheles health officials I Dried wastewater Improper use and lack of Sludge re-use policy study to be performed and i PIU Not applicable sludge storage space financed under the project I Contamination of urban Industrial pollution environment and sewage Survey of Polluting Industries ESO Not identified system . Effluent and influent Regular Sampling will be included in the Independent sampling Low quality wastewater Not applicable monitoring at WWTP mitigation measures contractor I I Proper clothing and worker education. Proper Contamination soil and disposal if warranted. Soil and groundwater Contractor, groundwater in construction Soil & Ground Water downstream of the WWTP and in the project area independent sampling Not applicable areas and downstream of will be monitored to determine if contamination contractor (lab tests) WWTP has occurred - 48 Works restricted Use of heavy equipment restricted from 7 p.m to Contractor, to daytime Disturbance during Noise 6 a.m. proper noise muffling devises, traffic independent sampling hours. No construction routing and monitoring contractor (lab tests) complaints received. I- I Use of dust suppression measures such as Contractor, Disturbance during No complaints wetting, dust covers and speed restriction. independent sampling lDUst cons tructi on Monitoring will be carried out. contractor (lab tests) received Contractor using Contractors will be required to bring all water on own water I Water use: on and off Water contamination. site in tankers and only be allowed to fill their Contractor, PIU, . sources. Water I site Reduced public water level tankers at approved sites. Water storage TWSLC use on site is provisions must be made. I minimal. 1-- - - - ~-- ---~-- .---- -- - Improper disposal of Supply of proper training and safety gear. Spill Hazardous chemicals chemicals used to flush water Contractor Not applicable contingency plan lines TWSLC, WWTP Staff, Concentrations limited to WWTP's technical Independent sampling Not applicable capacity to treat contractor (lab tests) I - ~~dical Clinic Construction site related A temporary clinic will be established in project ESO Unnecessary -- 49 ~ - InJunes areas that do not have easy access to local facility - Interviews with residents in project's area An extensive public consultation program will Unnecessary disruption of have been Public Consultation continue to be undertaken, including the use of PID affected communities undertaken. No radio, TV, town meetings, and household surveys larger scale interview performed - An Environmental Safety Officer (ESO) will be ESO is ESO & Information Non-Compliance with hired to monitor mitigation measures and PIU, TWSLC contracted since ~ampaign Management Plan disseminate relevant information Aug.2007 ESO, with assistaI!ce Semi-annual reviews performed to examine from WB I Environmental Non Compliance with compliance with mitigation plan, regulatory Environmental To be I R eVIews . Mitigation Plan requirements, and to identify potential Specialist as part of implemented environmental problems IDA supervision mISSIon - 50 4.6 Main Findings 1. According to the local residents, odour is emitted out of manholes and inspection chambers due to the use of metal covers th~t are designed with ventilation wholes. 2. Connecting the new sewer system with the old system in Kelabah area is not completed yet which resulted in wastewater flooding out to the street at least in one point. 3. No major areas of non-compliance with the Environmental Management Plan were identified during the filed visit to contract #5. 4.7 Recommendations 1. More coordination with TWSSLC is required to avoid unnecessary flooding of wastewater in at least one manhole due to the delay in connecting new sewer system with the old one. 2. A malaria expert should be hired under the project to design a malaria abatement program for Taiz as stated in the Environmental Management Plan. This should be done in cooperation with National Malaria Control Program. Especial attention should be given to area that the contract couldn't implement the sewer system due to the hard topography. 3. It is recommended that a completely solid covers are used for inspection champers to avoid the emission of unwanted odour. This minor impact should be considered when designing future sewer systems. 51 4.8 Photographs Upper photo: The Manhole where the old and new sewage network should be connected ~ "i!;""'. - '. Parts of the network that was cancelled due to the hard topography 52