For Official Use Only CLR Review Independent Evaluation Group 1. CAS/CPS Data Country: Togo CAS/CPS Year: FY08 ISN Period: FY08 – FY10 and FY12-FY13 CLR Period: FY08 –FY17 Date of this review: May 10, 2017 2. Ratings CLR Rating IEG Rating Development Outcome: Not Rated Not Rated WBG Performance: Not Rated Not Rated 3. Executive Summary i. This is a validation of the Completion and Learning Review (CLR) for the World Bank Group’s (WBG) engagement in Togo covering two Interim Strategy Notes (ISNs) for the period, FY08-FY10; and FY12-13. In line with the CLR, IEG does not rate the overall development outcome and the WBG’s performance due to data limitations. ii. After Togo became independent in 1960, income per capita almost doubled to reach $534 in 1980, driven by open and market oriented policies, a boom in phosphate prices and efforts towards a more effective public administration. However, these gains were reversed during the next two decades. In the 1980s, the country followed a more inward looking economic policy and, during the 1990s, it entered a period of political tension and economic instability. Togo fell into internal and external debt service arrears including with the World Bank. Political stability returned gradually beginning in the mid-2000s and the international development community returned. Economic growth during the last decade has averaged four percent. Despite a solid growth performance, poverty declined only slightly, from 61.7 percent in 2006 to 55.1 percent in 2015. Income per capita is yet to reach the level the country had achieved in 1980. Togo’s ranking in the Human Development Index has fallen from 95th out of 124 countries in 1980 to 166th out of 187 countries in 2013. Togo recently experienced negative macroeconomic developments that brought the share of public debt over GDP from 32 percent in 2010 to 80.8 percent in 2016 financed by both domestic and external borrowings. Successful efforts at increasing public revenues from 18.8 percent of GDP in 2013 to 21.0 percent in 2015 were not enough to cover fast-growing public investments on infrastructure. Efforts at bringing the fiscal accounts under control are underway. The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) approved on May 5, 2017, a new three-year arrangement for Togo under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) for SDR176.16 million to support the country’s economic and financial reforms. iii. The WBG returned to Togo in 2004 through a Country Re-Engagement Note (CRN). The CRN was followed by two successive ISNs: the first ISN (FY08-FY10); and the second ISN (FY12- 13). The first ISN had the overarching goal to help Togo recover from a long period of instability and suspension of external aid and begin laying the foundations for sustained shared growth. The first ISN was aligned with the I-PRSP, which was adopted in March 2008. A Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP-I) covering 2009-2011 followed. When the first ISN ended in June 2010, given the uncertainty on the timing of delivery of PRSP-II, the WBG prepared a second ISN rather than a full CLR Reviewed by Peer Reviewed by CLR Review Manager/Coordinator Luis Alvaro Sanchez Nils Fostvedt Pablo Fajnzylber Consultant Consultant Manager, IEGEC Takatoshi Kamezawa Lourdes Pagaran Sr. Evaluation Officer, IEGEC CLRR Coordinator, IEGEC For Official Use Only CLR Review 2 Independent Evaluation Group blown Country Partnership Strategy (CPS). The second ISN (FY12-13) updated the first ISN and proposed to use the two-year implementation period to consolidate Togo’s knowledge base and help the country increase its aid absorption capacity to draw in external assistance once PRSP-II was in place, which happened in early 2013 with the delivery of the Strategy for Boosting Growth and Promoting Employment (SCAPE) covering 2013-2017. A CPS was not prepared then and a four-year gap emerged before the preparation of the first Country Partnership Framework (FY17). During the gap years, the WBG continued to approve operations, undertake AAA and work with other development partners. The CLR does not inform if the FY12 ISN was formally extended. iv. The areas of engagement selected under each of the two ISNs were appropriate for the development needs of Togo at the time, well aligned with the government’s strategies, and drew from the limited, but growing, analytical work available. The program objectives in the two ISNs were not selective, especially when account is taken of the two-year ISN framework, the small IDA envelope, the country’s limited implementation capacity, the fragile political economy and the presence of vested interests in the areas of ISN engagement. The ISNs identified well the risks to the program but the mitigating measures were not sufficient to contain fiscal pressures that led to increases in the level of public debt. v. The WBG program had nine objectives under three Focus Areas: (i) Improving Governance and Transparency (ii) Promotion of economic recovery and sustainable development, and (iii) Support Urgent Poverty Reduction and Social Needs. Progress achieved during 2008-2016 is uneven according to the information available. Under the first focus area, fiscal governance has improved per the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) exercises in 2008 and 2016; but progress in improving the governance of public enterprises and banks is limited. The initial privatization agenda proved ambitious. Thus, while some privatizations have taken place, key segments of the economy (including telecommunications, phosphates, utilities, and some banks) remain under state control. As to the second focus area, starting a business and trading across borders is easier now, but the intended gains in Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) lag initial expectations. Port facilities have been expanded and modernized; electricity generation capacity increased helping meet a rapidly growing demand. However, lack of progress on regulations and restructuring of the telecommunications sector has delayed the implementation of the ICT agenda. Under the third focus area, Lomé low-land neighborhoods are now more resilient against floods, and gains in primary education completion rates have been made. CDD engagements have been effective and appropriate given the fragile situation of the country and social protection pilots have been undertaken. However, the initiatives under this focus area have remained at a pilot level. vi. From FY08 to FY16, 18 Bank operations were approved for a total of $436.3 million, of which six operations were Development Policy Operations (DPOs) for $ 267.3 million. The first DPO for $ 175 million helped clear arrears that Togo had accrued with IDA and to normalize its status for continued engagement. Grants amounted to $147 million, with the bulk going to education and agriculture ($100 million). The Bank portfolio at exit has performed well, including a high disbursement ratio. IEG ratings of completed projects were better than its comparators, at 88 percent MS or better at the binary scale for achieving development outcomes. However, the number of active projects now at risk has increased—four out seven projects under implementation are at risk of not delivering intended development outcomes. A considerable body of analytical work has now been produced, including the 2016 Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD). Given the limited impact of economic growth on poverty reduction, earlier attention to the drivers of poverty reduction would have helped to fine-tune the programs by sharpening the focus on the most critical priorities for poverty reduction. Strong partnerships have been built with the government and the development community. vii. IFC investments played a pivotal role in supporting Togo’s efforts to improve the business- enabling environment, increase electricity generation capacity and expand port capacity at the Lomé container terminal. These investments helped mobilize private sector resources and resulted in improved infrastructure services and it also helped create jobs. IFC’s total net investment during FY08-FY16 amounted to US$213 million, out of which short-term trade finance guarantees represented 36.6 per cent or US$78 million. Through its risk sharing facility, IFC supported its client For Official Use Only CLR Review 3 Independent Evaluation Group banks to expand their trade financing. During the review period, IEG has not validated any IFC investment projects. MIGA has provided one small guarantee with a gross exposure of US$4.6 million for the company to operate in the port. viii. The CLR puts forth several lessons regarding (a) the importance of long-term approaches for rebuilding confidence and making sustainable change in the context of political and economic volatility; (b) the importance of political economy analysis; (c) the relevance of selectivity; (d) the need for intensive supervision on the ground, (e) the need for tractability and realism in the results frameworks; (f) the adequacy of CDD approaches in fragile environments; and, (g) the central place of donor coordination to drive results on the ground. ix. IEG adds two lessons and complement the CLR lessons with some observations. First, IEG would like to call attention to the challenges that arise from operating through sequential ISNs. As the relationship between Togo and the WBG grew, the pressure was to expand the scope of the FY12 ISN, while the implementation period remained at two years. Delays in moving to a full CPF risked leaving a sizeable program without adequate supporting results framework. IEG has documented the extended use of ISNs in countries other than Togo and noted the efforts to tighten the guidelines under the Country Engagement Notes (CEN), now in place. IEG notes that “the CENs run the risk of emulating the previous pattern of repeated ISNs. If this cycle is to be broken, and countries currently operating under CENs are expected to contribute substantially to the World Bank Group’s twin goals, senior management will need to send clear signals that a CEN should not be followed by yet another CEN, unless there is an immediate crisis. “ 1 Second, IEG concurs with the finding of the Compliance Advisor Ombudsman (CAO) that IFC’s disclosure and consultation with affected communities in infrastructure projects should be undertaken in a manner that is inclusive and culturally appropriate. x. IEG has complementary observations on the lessons that the CLR presents. First, the CLR emphasizes the importance of political economy analysis, particularly in a fragile state environment in which political commitment and reform momentum remain fluid. IEG concurs and adds that bringing on board political economy considerations facilitate making the hard choices that underpin a selective approach, which as the CLR points out, offers the best chance of achieving results without straining client resources. However, IEG would like to stress that selectivity is to be exercised up-front in the design of a program and not simply stated as a principle as the second ISN did. Second, IEG also concurs that simplicity of design is an important characteristic that affects the effectiveness of WBG engagements. The ICRR for the recently completed Private Sector Development Support Project noted: “The (unsatisfactory) outcomes highlight the need for simplicity and flexibility with respect to design in an environment such as that which existed in Togo. Almost every aspect of the design of this project was either unsuited for the situation that existed, or overly complex.” 4. Strategic Focus Relevance of the WBG Strategy: 1. Congruence with Country Context and Country Program. After Togo became independent in1960, income per capita almost doubled to reach $534 in 1980, measured at 2005 PPP, driven by open and market oriented policies, a boom in phosphate prices and efforts towards a more effective public administration. However, these gains were reversed during the next two decades. In the 1980s, Togo followed a more inward looking economic policies and; during the 1990s, it entered a period of political tension and economic instability. The country fell into internal and external debt service arrears including with the World Bank. Overall, the period between 1980 and 2005 saw great 1 World Bank Group: Country Engagement: An Early-Stage Assessment of the Systematic Country Diagnostic and Country Partnership Framework Process and Implementation; Appendix F: Country Engagement Notes, 2017. For Official Use Only CLR Review 4 Independent Evaluation Group fluctuations in economic policies and economic performance. Efforts at structural reforms and stabilization were left unfinished and economic recovery, when it happened, proved unsustainable. 2. Political stability returned gradually beginning in the mid-2000s and the international development community re-engaged in Togo. Economic growth during the last decade has averaged four percent, while it has been five percent annually between 2011 and 2016. Despite a solid growth performance, poverty declined only slightly, from 61.7 percent in 2006 to 55.1 percent in 2015, as growth has not been inclusive. Income per capita is yet to reach the level the country had achieved in 1980, partly due to high population growth. Togo has the ninth lowest GNI per capita of the 35 countries in Sub-Saharan African with data available. The population has grown rapidly from 2.5 million in 1975 and now posts one of the faster rates of urban growth in the world—four percent annually. Togo’s ranking in the United Nations Development Program’s Human Development Index has fallen from 95th out of 124 countries in 1980 to 166th out of 187 countries in 2013. 3. The WBG returned to Togo through a Country Re-Engagement Note (CRN) issued in December 2004 and followed with the FY08-FY10 Interim Strategy Note, whose overarching goal was to help Togo recover from a long period of instability and suspension of external aid and begin laying the foundations for sustained shared growth. The first ISN program was aligned with the I-PRSP, adopted in March 2008, which allowed the country to reach the decision point for the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative in November 2008. In June 2009, the country adopted the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP-I), which served as a unifying framework for the various development actions during 2009–2011 and allowed Togo to arrive at the completion point of the HIPC Initiative in December 2010. Given uncertainty as to the timetable for the preparation of PRSP-II, the WBG decided to prepare a second ISN rather than a CPS. The second ISN was taken to the Board in December 2011 and was aligned with the Africa Regional Strategy that had been considered by the Executive Directors in March 2010. This second ISN proposed that the two-year period of its implementation would be used to consolidate Togo’s knowledge base and help the country increase its effective aid absorption capacity, and enable it to draw in external assistance once the PRSP-II was in place. The Strategy for Boosting Growth and Promoting Employment (PRSP-II) was issued in January, 2013 for the period 2013-2017, but the WBG did not prepare a full program. A gap of four year years would open between the end of the FY12 ISN and the FY17 CPF. During these four years, the WBG continued to approve operations, undertake AAA and work with other development partners. The CLR does not inform if the FY12 ISN was formally extended. 4. The WBG program covered three focus areas: (i) improving governance and transparency (ii), promotion of economic recovery and sustainable development, and (iii) support urgent poverty reduction and social needs. The program was aligned with, I-PRSP that focused on: (i) strengthening political and economic governance, with a focus on institutional reform and fiscal governance; (ii) promoting economic recovery and sustainable development, with measures to reform state-owned enterprises and financial institutions and boost the sources of growth; and (iii) developing social sectors, human resources, and employment, with a focus on improving access to and quality of basic education and health services. The WBG program remained aligned with PRSP-I and PRSP-II, as the two strategies were expanded based on the I-PRSP. 5. Relevance of Design. The areas of engagement under the two ISNs were well aligned with the government priorities and with the diagnostics available at the time. The objectives under each ISN were supported by WBG operations and analytical work. For most of the objectives, other development partners contributed with parallel and often complementary efforts. The ISNs included results matrices, objectives and indicators. With hindsight, however, the design of the program did not fully consider the efforts and resources that would be needed to deliver on the objectives and results within a two- year period. Likewise, as the CLR points out, some of the reforms, as in telecommunications, were complex and not properly sequenced. The key instrument during both ISNs was budget support, which maintained focus on a selected number of objectives. Outside the budget support some of the objectives were set at a pilot stage, which facilitated their achievement but limited their impact. For Official Use Only CLR Review 5 Independent Evaluation Group Selectivity 6. Neither of the ISNs, and especially the second one, were particularly selective considering the limiting conditions (limited local capacity, a difficult political environment, the then recent WBG reengagement, the two-year time frame, and the limited IDA envelope). However, the objectives were focused on important country priorities, had the support of both operations and analytical work, and reflected considerations of WBG comparative advantage while coordinating with other development partners. Fiscal management was a well-focused priority that had the support of all six development policy operations that absorbed more than half of the IDA resource envelope. At the same time, the programs supported substantive reforms in several difficult areas (energy, mining, banking, telecommunications and cotton) that faced strong vested interests and tested the implementation capacity of the government. Alignment 7. The WBG twin goals were not yet explicitly stated corporate objectives when the ISNs were prepared. Nonetheless, the design and implementation of both ISNs were supportive of advancing towards WBG’s corporate goals of reducing poverty and increasing shared prosperity in a sustainable manner. The ISNs were well aligned with the country’s I-PRSP and PRSP, respectively, with their focus on poverty reduction. The second ISN broadened the focus of the program to include interventions related directly with poverty reduction, such as social safety nets, and work in education and health grew. The 2016 Systematic Country Diagnostics (SCD) has confirmed the relevance of the ISN themes for reaching the WBG corporate goals, including the emphasis on governance and good fiscal management. 5. Development Outcome Overview of Achievement by Objective: 8. The FY12 ISN built and expanded on the FY08 ISN framework while revising some objectives and introducing some new ones. The following discussion merges the two reforms frameworks – in line with the approach in the CLR. Focus Area I: Improving Governance and Transparency 9. Focus area I contained two objectives: (i) improved and transparent financial management and Enhanced Procurement system and external budget control; and (ii) strengthen state capacity and managing/restructuring of key public enterprises and banks. Objective #1: Improved and transparent financial management and Enhanced Procurement system and external budget controls 2 10. All six Economic Recovery and Governance Grants/Credits contributed towards the delivery of this objective. Additional support came from analytical work and technical assistance, of which Public Expenditure Management and Financial Accountability Review (PEMFAR) in 2008/2009 and 2016, which included Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) reviews, were the most important. Partners included International Monetary Fund (IMF), the European Union (EU), and the African Development Bank (AfDB). 11. Progress under this objective contributed to Togo reaching the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HPIC) Completion Point (2010). The 2016 PEFA tracks considerable progress since the 2008 PEFA. This progress includes improvements in budget preparation by implementing tools and procedures that were not in place in 2009, such as macroeconomic and fiscal forecasts, and aligning strategic plans and medium term budget for some ministries, producing period reports on internal and 2 The FY12 ISN presented enhanced procurement system and external budget controls as a separate objective. The CLRR merges them because they tightly inter-related and for economy of presentation. The FY08 ISN encompassed the same material under reform of public expenditure. For Official Use Only CLR Review 6 Independent Evaluation Group external debt, and improved transparency of fiscal information by aligning the budget classifications with international standards and providing more comprehensive budget documentation. Progress was mixed in the areas that the Bank concentrated its support. Public arrears to the private sector have been eliminated and progress has been made in procurement, both corroborated by 2016 PEFA. Progress in improving budget execution controls and external controls has been more limited. Togo has been amongst the first countries in the region to adopt the Open Budget Portal initiative (BOOST), but this effort at improving transparency has been hindered by the weak internet connectivity in the country. The SCD ranks Weaknesses in Fiscal Governance as one of the top constraints to achieving the twin goals. Objective #2: Strengthen state capacity and managing/restructuring of key public enterprises and banks3 12. Support for this objective came from the six Economic Growth and Governance Grants/Credits; Multi-donor Agriculture sector support project (FY11); the Financial Sector and Governance Project (FY09); and a Trust Fund for implementing Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (EITI.) A Low- Income Countries Under Stress (LICUS) Trust Fund supported the preparation of a phosphate strategy. 13. The governance of key state agencies and companies was identified early on as critical constraint to economic recovery. Both ISNs focused on improving the governance of the main state companies while, at the same time, seeking improvements in sector policies. The resulting agendas were ambitious and, consequently, the results were mixed. On cotton, a new company (NSCT---New Cotton Society of Togo) has been in operation since 2009 with producers’ participation, replacing the previous state company. Cotton costs were reduced by 17 percent between 2009/2010 and 2010/2011; however, information is not available to determine if such gains have been maintained. The SCD points out that despite this restructuring and producers’ participation, the share of the world price of cotton going to farmers has not increased, which reduces their incentives to improve productivity. 14. On electricity, the performance of the Togo Electric Company improved in line with the targets set by second ISN, but the gains have not been sustained and in 2016 the company was back into financial difficulties. On mining, Togo achieved EITI compliance status in 2013. The phosphate state company (SNPT) has been adequately staffed since 2011, but engagement of a private partner has not happened. An intended mining code has been drafted but not approved. Togo’s mineral potential remains to be realized as unclear regulations have hindered its development. Its contribution to public revenues remains low at .7 percent of GDP. On banking, progress has been partial. Two state banks have been privatized, but the privatization of two other banks has not happened and both banks have negative equity. The ICR for Financial Sector and Governance Project (March 2017), which rates the achievement of development outcomes as Moderately Unsatisfactory, notes that the scope of the engagement was too ambitious for the limited implementing capacity in the country. Initiatives to reform the social security institution and to address the crisis of insolvent and distressed microfinance institutions remain unfinished. Focus Area II: Promotion of economic recovery and sustainable development 15. Focus Area II was comprised of three objectives: (i) improved business and investment climate; (ii) increased agricultural productivity and crop output; and (iii) improved access to quality of productive infrastructure. Objective #3: Improved business and investment climate 4 16. Support for this objective came from the six Economic Growth and Governance Grants/Credits; Private Sector Development Operation (FY12) and Financial Sector Reform and Governance Project 3 The FY08 ISN presented public enterprises and banks as separate objectives. 4 Under FY08 ISN “Strengthen private sector prospects, and the knowledge on the potential drivers of economic growth.” For Official Use Only CLR Review 7 Independent Evaluation Group (FY09). On the analytical side, Country Economic Memorandum/Diagnostic Trade Integration Study and Investment Climate Policy Note (both FY10), and IFC Doing Business Advisory Services contributed to the objective. 17. A notable early achievement to improve the quality of the business environment was the clearance of internal arrears between the government and the private sector. This achievement stands. Support of the WBG has centered on facilitating starting a business. The 2017 Doing Business Review ranks Togo 123 out of the 190 countries in the world for starting a business, an improvement from 130 in 2016. The number of days to start a business came down from 17 to 6 and the number of procedures has gone down to 3 from 7 between 2011 and 2016. In 2015, Doing Business named Togo as top reformer for improvements in starting a business, registering property, protecting minority investors and paying taxes. The performance under the Private Sector Development Project has fallen below expectations, however. The recently completed ICRR for the Private Sector Development Support Project, which rated unsatisfactory the achievement of Development Outcomes, notes as a project weakness the complexity of its design in a fragile environment. The development and implementation of the Public Private Partnership agenda proved overly ambitious The SCD points to the continued very low level of private investment as a signal that the investment climate remains prohibitive for private investors. Objective #4: Increased agricultural productivity and crop output 5 18. Support for this objective came from Multi-Donor Agriculture Sector Support Project (FY11) and its subsequent Additional Financing (FY17); the Regional Agriculture Productivity Project (FY, and the Agriculture Public Expenditure Review (FY12). Important partners include IFAD, ECOWAS Bank for Investment and Development, and BOAD (the West African Development Bank). 19. Agriculture accounts for 41 percent of Togo’s GDP and is highly relevant for economic growth and inclusion. The indicators set under both ISNs have been achieved, notably for the FY12 ISN there have been increases in crop production in selected areas. Despite such improvements, the SCD notes that although agricultural production has grown recently, sectoral productivity has remained flat since the 1990s. Additional financing recently approved for the Agriculture Sector Support Project (FY17) intends to focus on scaling up previous achievements for the sector. Objective #5: Improved access to quality of productive infrastructure 6 20. This objective had the support of the Emergency Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Energy Project (FY09), Urban Sector Review (FY08), ICT Strategy Review (FY11), Energy Sector Review (FY12), Emergency Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Energy Project (PURISE, FY09), PURISE AF (FY11) and PURISE AF (FY13). Partners include: EU (transport) AfDB (roads and urban), BOAD (roads, port and energy), China (roads, port), French Cooperation (transport), and German Cooperation (Energy and Urban). 21. By mid-2000s, the under-investment in infrastructure was considerable driven by the drop in public investment that from 13.8 percent of GDP in 1990 to 1 percent in 2013. Even after the subsequent pick-up in public investment, the infrastructure gap remains considerable in both rural and urban areas as per the 2016 SCD. Both ISNs supported reconstruction and expansion efforts. In electricity, attention focused on the basic infrastructure to recover losses in capacity and to improve access. The electricity supply network was extended by 33 Km from 2010 to 2014 and 21 transformer stations were rehabilitated, in both cases slightly exceeding the targets that had been set under the FY12 ISN. IFC (2010) invested in one of the few large independent power producers (IPPs) in Togo and by 2016 a 100 MW tri-fuel plant (gas, heavy fuel oil or diesel) was in operation. Rapid demand has absorbed this increase in capacity, as per the SCD. 22. Regarding ports, the port at Lomé is the only deep-sea port in the region and is critical to the economic performance of both the country and the region. Hence, the need for enhancing both its 5 Under FY08 ISN “Re-launch the agricultural and rural economy.” 6 Under FY08 ISN “Develop the infrastructure to support economic growth.” For Official Use Only CLR Review 8 Independent Evaluation Group capacity and its performance. IFC supported the construction, development and operation of the Lomé Container Terminal (LTC) - an extension of the port that led to a major increase in capacity. Inaugurated in 2014, it is the major and first modern container transshipment hub in West and Central Africa. Although the project helped improve the capacity of this important infrastructure, a CAO investigation concluded that the IFC due diligence and Environment and Social (E&S) review were not compliant with the requirements of its 2006 Sustainability Policy as discussed in details in the later section on safeguards and fiduciary Issues. 23. Road connections with Benin have been improved. Customs procedures and transactions have been simplified through the introduction of modern Information Management Systems (SYDONIA+) and the implementation of a one-stop-shop for external commerce. Doing Business 2017 tracks progress regarding trading across borders, with Togo out-performing regional partners. Still, Togo ranks 117 of 190 in the world. Focus Area III: Support Urgent Poverty Reduction and Social Needs 24. Objectives under Focus Area III included improved access of communities to basic social and local development services (including youth employment); improved quality and access to basic education and health services; Improved social protection and inclusion (including gender); and improved management of the environment and natural disasters. Objective # 6: Improved access of communities to basic social and local development services (including youth employment)7 25. This objective had the support of the Community Development Project (FY08) with additional financing; The Emergency Poverty Reduction Program (FY07), Community-Driven Development/Safety Net Project (FY12). Partners included World Food Program, French Cooperation, and UNDP. 26. Targets set under both ISNs in support of basic services and economic opportunities of selected communities have been achieved. Under the first ISN, the original targets (250 basic services and 200 economic opportunities) were exceeded by 2013 under the Community Development Project, which IEG rated as Satisfactory. Under the Community-Driven Development/Safety Net Project (FY12) additional gains were made in supporting the launching and completion of community infrastructure and income generating subprojects. Objective # 7: Improved quality and access to basic education and health services 8 27. Support for improved social services came from Emergency Poverty Reduction Program (FY07; FY08) and the Community Development Project (CDP, FY08.) Support for education came from the grant Education for All EFA-FTI (FY11) and Education Sector TA (FY10). Support for health came through the Health Sector Country Status Report (FY11) and the Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition Services Project (FY14). Notable development partners included UNICEF and the French Cooperation. 28. For the first ISN, measuring impact on health and education has been hampered by the lack of baselines. For the second ISN, targeted primary completion rates were met and surpassed - increasing from 65 percent in 2009 to 84 percent in 2014. The SCD confirms the gains that have been made in primary education, while it places health as a critical constraint to achieving the twin goals, noting the weak performance of the health outcomes in Togo, despite high budgetary allocations by regional standards. 7 Under FY08 ISN stated as “Promote community driven development.” Develop the infrastructure support for growth.” 8 Objective #7 was introduced by FY12ISN For Official Use Only CLR Review 9 Independent Evaluation Group Objective #8: Improved social protection and inclusion (including gender)9 29. This objective had the support of the Community-Driven Development/Safety Nets Project (FY12) together with analytical work on poverty and gender, the FY12 Poverty and Gender Assessment. Technical assistance was provided under the Cash for Work/Social Protection TA (FY11/12). 30. The Bank helped review social protection policies and revise social protection regulations, which as per the CLR have been drafted but not yet adopted. The pilot engagement to improve access to social protection is on track; the indicators set under FY12 ISN have been partially met. Notably, the targeted number of people benefitting from Social Safety Needs has surpassed the 70,000 target by 2016. Objective #9: Improved management of the environment and natural disasters10 31. The following operations supported this objective: Lomé Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Maintenance (LICUS, FY08), Emergency Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Energy Project (PURISE, FY09), PURISE AF (FY11) and PURISE AF (FY13) and Integrated Disaster and Land Management Project (FY12). The program is aligned with the National Action Program (NAPA) and the National Investment Program for the Environment and Natural resources (PNIERN). Partners include the West African Development Bank, the ECOWAS Investment Bank, the European Union, and International Labor Organization (ILO.) 32. Lomé is part of a submerging coast and lagoon system within coastal dunes. Flooding of Lomé has been recurrent and is a constant concern because it takes time for floods to recede, which strains pumping infrastructure. The lowest lands are inhabited mostly by the poor and their numbers have been increasing with internal migration. The two ISNs provided support to mitigate this risk. Notable achievements included cleaning out 122 km of drains and rehabilitation of 22.2 km of drains. Per the CLR there are more than 1.5 million beneficiaries. A full environmental analysis was carried out in 2010. In response to the 2010 floods a Post Disaster Needs Assessment was completed (FY11) with the financial support of the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR), the WB and UNDP. An early warning system has yet to be installed. Under the first ISN Togo reduced the threat of avian influenza. A 2016 outbreak was managed effectively jointly by the health and agriculture ministries. 33. In sum, progress towards the objectives selected for WBG support under the three focus areas was uneven according to information available. Under the first focus area, fiscal governance has improved as verified by PEFA exercises (2008, 2016), with notable gains in public procurement. Advances, though, on managing/restructuring of key public enterprises and banks have been subdued, most notably on banking and mining. Several state-owned enterprises identified for privatization have been taken-off the table. Some progress is also noted for the second focus area. It is now easier to start a business and to trade across borders, but the development and implementation of the Public Private partnership agenda proved overly ambitious. Productivity of selected crops under pilot engagements has improved, but national agricultural productivity remains stagnant, calling for scaling-up support efforts, which the Bank is launching. The improvements in productive infrastructure are notable in electricity and ports. Port facilities have been expanded and modernized; electricity generation capacity increased helping meet partially a rapidly growing demand. However, lack of progress regarding regulations and restructuring of the telecommunications sector has delayed implementation of the ICT agenda. Under the third focus area, progress include partial gains in Lomé’s resilience against floods and gains in primary education completion rates. CDD engagements have been effective and appropriate to the fragile situation of the country. Social protection pilots have been undertaken. Overall, the initiatives under this focus area have remained at a pilot level. 9 Objective #8 was introduced by FY12ISN. 10 Objective #9 was introduced by FY12 ISN. FY08, though, had “Develop the animal and human health systems.” For Official Use Only CLR Review 10 Independent Evaluation Group 6. WBG Performance Lending and Investments 34. The existing portfolio when the FY08 ISN was approved comprised of four projects; these were all LICUS TF grants—Economic Recovery and Institutional Re-engagement (FY08); Emergency Program for Poverty Reduction (FY07); Avian Influenza Control (FY08); and Lomé Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Maintenance (FY08.) From FY08 to FY16, 18 operations were approved for a total of $436.3 million. Ten of the projects were foreseen in the ISNs, and eight were not planned. Six (6) operations were DPFs for a total of $ 267.3 million – 61 percent of total lending FY08-16. The first DPF for $175 million went to clear arrears that the country had accrued with IDA and to normalize the situation for continued engagement. The approved operations included four instances of additional financing. Besides DPFs, eight (8) areas were addressed using investment project financing, in many cases together with the budget support operations: community development (2), financial sector, infrastructure rehabilitation, mining, maternal and child health support, agriculture, private sector development. Resources from grants amounted to $147 million, with the bulk going to education and agriculture, $100 million. 35. Togo’s performance at exit is better than its comparators. Of eight completed projects validated by IEG, seven (or 88 percent) were rated MS or better on a binary scale, far above the average Bank-wide performance (71 percent) and the Africa Region performance (65 percent). The risk to development outcome is moderate or lower for 38 percent of the projects, higher than the African region (35 percent) but still below the Bank-wide average (49 percent). The disbursement ratio during the period at 31 percent of net commitments surpasses the Africa region and the Bank-wide average, both at 22 percent. The percentage number of projects at risk during the period stands at 22 percent, which is in line with the African region (22 percent) and the Bank (20 percent) during the same period. However, the percentage of projects at risk has increased in recent years to reach 57 percent in 2016-----four out of seven projects under implementation are now at risk. 36. IFC investments played a pivotal role in supporting Togo’s efforts to improve the business- enabling environment. IFC’s key engagements in Togo during the two ISN periods included its investments in Lomé Container Terminals and an independent power plant. IFC was lead arranger of these projects and helped mobilize additional private sector investments. IFC also invested in the health sector and in banking services. IFC’s total net investment during FY08-FY16 amounted to US$213 million, out of which short-term trade finance guarantees represented 36.6 percent or US$78 million. These investments resulted in improved infrastructure services and they also helped create jobs. Through its risk sharing facility, IFC supported its client banks to expand their trade financing. During the review period, IEG did not validate any IFC investment projects through its Evaluation Notes. MIGA has provided one small guarantee with a gross exposure of US$4.6 million for the company to operate in the port. Analytic and Advisory Activities and Services 37. The long absence of the WBG from Togo created considerable knowledge gaps. Efforts to close them began with the CRN and continued during the two ISNs. Through the period 2008-2016, fifteen (15) pieces of analytical work have been produced, with the complement of additional analytical work by other development partners. The analytical work has fed into project design and technical assistance. It has also provided an important input into the Systematic Country Diagnostic (2016.) Emphasis has been given to the work on governance and economic growth with FEMFAR (FY09), Corporate Governance Assessment (ROS; FY09, FY16), Country Economic Memorandum (CEM, FY10); Growth Diagnostics (FY10), Investment Climate Note (FY10); DeMPA Diagnostics (FY11), and Economic Governance Diagnostics (FY16.) Sector work includes: health, energy, service delivery, water, and environment. A poverty and gender analysis was conducted in FY12. Technical assistance has likewise contributed, especially since 2010 and in support of key program priorities that include EITI implementation, education, ICT, financial sector, mining, use of country systems and statistical capacity building. It is pertinent to highlight the work of other partners such as the IMF, the EU and the African Development Bank on governance and public financial management. With hindsight, given For Official Use Only CLR Review 11 Independent Evaluation Group the limited impact of economic growth on poverty reduction, earlier attention to the links between economic opportunities, jobs and poverty reduction could have helped sharpen the ISN interventions, the second especially. 38. During the implementation of the two ISNs, IFC approved two Advisory Service (AS) projects to support improvements in investment climate with the total approval amount of US$1.3 million. One project was completed and another project was terminated. IEG has not validated any AS projects during the period. Results Framework 39. The results framework for the first ISN included precise, relevant and measurable indicators that allowed accessing the traction of WBG re-engagement in the country---for instance, eliminating arrears from the public budget to the private sector. The second ISN broadened the scope of the engagement and kept the two- year implementation period. As it turned out, the FY12 ISN Results Framework (RF) would remain in place for four additional years. While, the WBG continued to engage in the areas reflected in the RF, the indicators and targets that were set for the end of FY12 were not updated. Thus, a larger engagement grew without a proper supporting results framework to monitor and track progress beyond the prescribed two- year implementation period. Partnerships and Development Partner Coordination 40. During the two ISN periods, the WBG strengthened its collaboration with development partners. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) generally led overall coordination and IDA led in areas such as private sector development support and on economic governance. Cooperation around the budget support operations stands out as the Bank maintained a close coordination with the IMF, European Union (EU) and African Development Bank (AfDB). In the agriculture sector, the WBG catalyzed donor assistance from the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) in support of the government’s national agriculture strategy. On social protection, the WBG’s conditional cash transfer and school feeding programs leveraged the efforts of UNICEF and the World Food Program (WFP), respectively. The WBG also coordinated with key partners in energy, urban infrastructure, and public financial management. While IDA supported an active dialogue with civil society, little direct support was provided to non-state actors. In some sectors, the WBG was the main development partner, notably in promoting the private sector agenda and the telecommunications sector, and in directly supporting mining sector governance (AfDB) and the EU also supported Togo’s adherence to the EITI initiative). The CLR reports that, under UN leadership, Togo’s development partners, including the WBG, coordinate their actions and jointly monitor progress on national development plans. Safeguards and Fiduciary Issues 41. Out of the eight operations that were completed and validated by IEG during the review period, safeguard policies were applicable to two projects: Community Development ERL (FY08) and the Education for All-Fast Track Initiative Program (FY10.) Environmental and Social Frameworks (ESMF) and a Resettlement Policy Frameworks (RPF) were prepared for both projects. Regarding the Community Development Project, the instances of non-compliance reported were corrected at the end of the project and the Minister of Environment confirmed compliance with environmental and social protection requirements. On the education project, the ICR does not state explicitly whether there was compliance with all safeguard issues. The ICRR for the Private Sector Development Support Project (FY11) notes that most components that would have given rise to safeguard concerns were cancelled during the restructuring of the Project. The ICRR notes that national procurement regulations introduced in 2012 created the obligation of complying with both national and Bank rules, which delayed implementation. 42. For the Lomé Container Terminal project in which IFC invested, the Office of the Compliance Advisor Ombudsman (CAO) opened an investigation after it received complaints from local inhabitants regarding accelerated coastal erosion in their communities. On August 8, 2016, CAO released its investigation report that identified non-compliance in IFC’s appraisal and supervision of the project, particularly relating to: (a) the identification and management of potential risks and impacts of the For Official Use Only CLR Review 12 Independent Evaluation Group project on coastal erosion, and (b) stakeholder engagement around these issues. CAO concluded that IFC’s environmental and social reviews during the due diligence phase of the investment had not been compliant with the requirements of IFC’s 2006 Sustainability Policy. IFC and its client had agreed on actions relevant to the analysis of the project’s impact on coastal erosion already in February 2016, but the CAO decided to keep this investigation open for monitoring purposes. 43. During the review period, the Vice Presidency for Integrity (INT) reports that seven complaints were received that led to two investigations. Of the two investigations, one was substantiated involving Lome Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Maintenance Project. Follow-up actions have not been initiated. Ownership and Flexibility 44. Ownership of program was stronger during the period of the first ISN as the government engaged in getting the economy going and rebuilding institutions. The authorities sought at that time the engagement of the international development community to help provide and finance the needed technical and policy expertise. Ownership, however, waned at times as the economy took off and the country could access financial markets on easier terms. This affected the implementation of EGGC6, the last DPO that was approved in December 2013, but for which disbursement was delayed by almost a year as the macroeconomic situation worsened significantly. As the reform momentum waned, the relatively ambitious reform program supported by the Bank and the broader donor community faltered. Eventually, the macroeconomic situation was brought under control, the interest in reforms improved, and the EGGC6 resources were disbursed. More generally, the WBG program was flexible in various ways, with two short-term programs and where the second ISN made use of the opportunity to adjust the program to reflect progress in implementation and changed circumstances. Moreover, the first five DPO operations were designed on stand-alone basis, which provided added flexibility. Lastly, the WBG reacted well, in terms of financial, technical assistance and working with other development partners, to natural event occurrences such as the floods that affected Lomé in 2010. WBG Internal Cooperation 45. Both institutions worked on improving the business environment, the banking and the power sectors (Objectives 2, 3, and 6), whereas there were no parallel engagements regarding the port facilities. The CLR does not inform on how the two institutions collaborated in the areas of parallel engagements. Risk Identification and Mitigation 46. The identified risks for the two ISNs (political, vested interests, macroeconomic, fiduciary and implementation capacity) were on target, but the mitigating strategies were weak. First, the political risk was relevant because Togo was coming out of a long and difficult period of uncertainty and the politics had yet to settle down. Second, vested interests, critical to several interventions, may have slowed down program implementation; the emphasis of the WBG and other development partners on enhancing transparency and openness for the development programs was not enough of a mitigation measure, and a greater attention to the political economy aspects of reform would have been warranted. Third, macroeconomic policies were important to the ISN programs given the strong reliance on DPOs. Although most of the DPOs proceeded smoothly, negative macroeconomic developments affected the implementation of the last DPO operation, which was intended as the first of a programmatic series. The programmatic series was cancelled. Monitoring by the IMF and the Bank, the purported mitigating measure, proved insufficient to avoid macroeconomic derailment. Fourth, fiduciary and implementation capacity was a risk to the program across the board. The ICRs and other documentation emphasize the risk, which was addressed adequately in the context of each project. Overall Assessment 47. The areas of engagement selected under each of the two ISNs were appropriate for the development needs of Togo at the time and well aligned with its strategies, reflected the I-PSRPS and the PRSP. The areas of engagement drew well from the limited, but growing, analytical work available. For Official Use Only CLR Review 13 Independent Evaluation Group The results framework for the first ISN allowed tracking the traction of WBG re-engagement through critical indicators, such as the clearance of internal public budget arrears. However, the scope and content of its design were demanding for a two- year period. The second ISN built and expanded on the first ISN, while still retaining a two-year implementation period. As a result, the programs in the ISNs were not selective, especially when additional account is taken of the small IDA envelope, the limited implementation capacity, the fragile political economy and the presence of vested interests in the areas of ISN engagement. The ISN programs overestimated the capacity of the country to advance several ambitious reforms simultaneously. The ISN identified well the risks to the program but the mitigating measures were not sufficient to contain fiscal pressures that led to increases in the level of public debt. 48. The WB and the IFC worked on improving the business environment, the banking and the power sectors (Objectives 2, 3, and 6), whereas there were no parallel engagements regarding the port facilities. The CLR does not inform on how the two institutions collaborated in the areas of parallel engagements. A considerable body of analytical work has now been produced, including the 2016 SCD. Given the limited impact of economic growth on poverty reduction, earlier attention to the drivers of poverty reduction could have helped fine-tune the supporting programs. Strong partnerships have been built with the government and the development community covering all the objectives of WBG engagement as stated in the ISNs. Finally, the capacity to design and implement WBG projects has been enhanced, although design and implementation issues remain a paramount concern. 7. Assessment of CLR Completion Report 49. The CLR is well-crafted and informative. The CLR presentation of the areas of engagement skillfully combining the indicators from each ISN under common themes provides a comprehensive view of the achievements and short-falls in reaching the indicators set under the ISNs. The CLR also strives to present updated information on the status of indicators, where possible. This approach illustrates that, as noted in the CLR, several of the indicators were met later than originally envisioned, confirming that the objectives were overly ambitious. The CLR, however, could have explained the gaps between the first and the second ISNs and between the second ISN and today. Apparently delays and uncertainty about the preparation of a PRSP was a factor, but a PRSP was available by early 2013. The WBG would end up operating in Togo for four years without a formal well-articulated results framework; an examination of the drivers of the gap that emerged could have provided the WBG with relevant insights and lessons on the challenges of operating and preparing full strategies in fragile environments. Lastly, the CLR could have reported on the efforts on gender and their impact. 8. Findings and Lessons 50. The CLR puts forth several lessons regarding (a) the importance of long-term approaches for rebuilding confidence and making sustainable change in the context of political and economic volatility; (b) the importance of political economy analysis; (c) the relevance of selectivity; (d) the need for intensive supervision on the ground, (e) the need for tractability and realism in the results frameworks; (f) the adequacy of CDD approaches in fragile environments; and, (g) the central place of donor coordination to drive results on the ground. 51. IEG adds two lessons and complement the CLR lessons with some observations. First, IEG would like to call attention to the challenges that arise from operating through sequential ISNs. As the relationship between Togo and the WBG grew, with a larger body of analytical work and a larger agenda under implementation, the pressure was to expand the scope of the FY12 ISN, while the implementation period remained at two years. Delays in moving to a full CPF risked leaving a sizeable program in place without an adequate supporting results framework, as it happened here. The Togo experience confirms concerns regarding the use of an ISN for extended engagements in a wide variety of circumstances, including countries with growing engagements. In the case of Togo, the WBG remained actively engaged for four years after the completion of the FY12 ISN without an adequate supporting results framework. IEG has documented the extended use of ISNs in countries other than Togo and noted the efforts to tighten the guidelines under the Country Engagement Notes For Official Use Only CLR Review 14 Independent Evaluation Group (CEN), now in place. IEG notes that “the CENs run the risk of emulating the previous pattern of repeated ISNs. If this cycle is to be broken, and countries currently operating under CENs are expected to contribute substantially to the World Bank Group’s twin goals, senior management will need to send clear signals that a CEN should not be followed by yet another CEN, unless there is an immediate crisis. “ 11 Second, IEG concurs with the finding of the Compliance Advisor Ombudsman (CAO) that IFC’s disclosure to and consultation with affected communities in infrastructure projects should be undertaken in a manner that is inclusive and culturally appropriate. 52. IEG has complementary observations on the lessons that the CLR presents. First, it agrees that long-term approaches are critical to rebuilding confidence and making sustainable change in the context of political and economic volatility. Second, the CLR emphasizes the importance of political economy analysis, particularly in a fragile state environment in which political commitment and reform momentum remain fluid. IEG concurs and adds that bringing on board political economy considerations facilitates making the hard choices that underpin a selective approach, which as the CLR points out, offers the best chance of achieving results without straining client resources. However, it is important that selectivity be exercised up-font in the design of a program and not simply stated as a principle as FY12 ISN did. Third, IEG also concurs that simplicity of design is an important design characteristic that affects the effectiveness of WBG engagements. The ICRR for the recently completed Private Sector Development Support Project noted: “The (unsatisfactory) outcomes highlight the need for simplicity and flexibility with respect to design in an environment such as that which existed in Togo. Almost every aspect of the design of this project was either unsuited for the situation that existed, or overly complex.” 11 World Bank Group: Country Engagement: An Early-Stage Assessment of the Systematic Country Diagnostic and Country Partnership Framework Process and Implementation; Appendix F: Country Engagement Notes, 2017. Annexes CLR Review 15 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 1: Summary of Achievements of ISN Objectives – Togo Annex Table 2: Togo Planned and Actual Lending, FY08-FY16 Annex Table 3: Analytical and Advisory Work for Togo, FY08-FY16 Annex Table 4: Togo Grants and Trust Funds Active in FY08-16 Annex Table 5: IEG Project Ratings for Togo, FY08-16 Annex Table 6: IEG Project Ratings for Togo and Comparators, FY08-16 Annex Table 7: Portfolio Status for Togo and Comparators, FY08-16 Annex Table 8: Disbursement Ratio for Togo, FY08-16 Annex Table 9: Net Disbursement and Charges for Togo, FY08-16 Annex Table 10: Total Net Disbursements of Official Development Assistance and Official Aid for Togo Annex Table 11: Economic and Social Indicators for Togo, 2008 – 2015 Annex Table 12: List of IFC Investments in Togo Annex Table 13: List of IFC Advisory Services in Togo Annex Table 14: IFC net commitment activity in Togo, FY08 - FY16 Annex Table 15: List of MIGA Activities in Togo, 2008-2016 Annexes CLR Review 17 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 1: Summary of Achievements of ISN Objectives – Togo ISN FY08-10: Focus Area 1: Improve Governance and Transparency ISN FY12-13: Focus Area 2: Actual Results IEG Comments Improving Economic Governance and State Capacity Objective #1: Improved and transparent financial management and Enhanced Procurement system and external budget controls 12 ISN FY08-10 Indicator I.1: The Economic Recovery and Governance Improved budget execution Grant - ERGG 1 (P110618, FY08), 2 controls (P113456, FY09) and 3 (P117282, FY10) and the Economic Recovery and International Re- Deviation of actual Engagement (ERIREG) RETF (P110239, expenditures from budgeted FY08) supported this indicator. The WBG also expenditure prepared a Public Expenditure Management Baseline: 6.9% (end-2007) and Financial Accountability Review - PAMFAR Target: less than 5% in each (P111063, FY10), and a PEFA assessment. semester and the whole year As reported in the CLR, the deviations were: 5.94% (2008, see Management: MS for the ERGG 1); 7.5% (2010); 7.7% (2012); 15.4% (2013); 10.2% (2014). Target A: Integrated budget Target A: in 2009 the Government extended execution system in place the integrated budget execution information system (SIGFIP) to the Treasury – it is Major operational since January 2010 (see IEG: MS Outcome for ERGG3). Measures Target B: Functioning Audit and Target B:IEG: MS for the ERGG3 reports that Financial Inspection Unit the Government prepared and implemented a procedures manual for the General Finance Inspectorate and established and made operational the Court of Accounts. ISN FY12-13 Indicator II.5: The Financial Sector and Governance Project - Timely information to FSGP (P111064, FY09), the ERGG 4 spending units on ceilings (P122806, FY11) and the Strengthening for expenditure commitments Capacity of the Accountancy Profession project (P124628, FY11) supported this indicator. A Number of months in advance Country Procurement Assessment Report was the spending units receive also completed (FY13). ceilings on expenditure Management: MS for the ERGG 4 reports no commitments progress on this indicator, as of 2011, Baseline: 0 (2010) explaining that “The cash ceiling committee Target: 2 (2011) meets and does set cash ceilings. However, these ceilings are not communicated to the spending departments”. The CLR reports that the target was achieved in 2015, since the spending units received 12 The second ISN present presents Enhanced procurement system and external budget controls as a separate objective. The first ISN encompasses the same material under Reform Public expenditure. Annexes CLR Review 18 Independent Evaluation Group ISN FY08-10: Focus Area 1: Improve Governance and Transparency ISN FY12-13: Focus Area 2: Actual Results IEG Comments Improving Economic Governance and State Capacity ceilings immediately after the finance law is voted. Target A: 2011 state accounts Target A: the CLR reports that the target was are closed using the SGFIP achieved in 2012 and that the Loi de functions Règlement (budget review act) was adopted by the Parliament in 2014 (see Togo national Assembly information on Finance Laws). On the basis of the available WBG’s documents, IEG cannot verify if the target was achieved. Target B: Cash management Target B: Management: MS for the ERGG 4 planning system through the reports that Togo introduced a cash preparation of monthly tables management committee and a cash with estimation of revenues and management system. The CLR reports that the expenditures are target was achieved in 2014 and repeated the operationalized following year; however, this ICRR and the ICRRS for the subsequent ERGGs do not report on the preparation on such tables. ISN FY08-10 Indicator I.2: The ERGG 1 (P110618, FY08), 2 (P113456, Improved public procurement FY09) and 3 (P117282, FY10) and the institutional framework ERIREG RETF (P110239, FY08) supported this indicator. The WBG also prepared a PAMFAR (P111063, FY10). (i) Existence of an institutional (i) IEG: MS for ERGG 1 reports that a new framework that reflects the public procurement law was voted in by the standards of the WAEMU National Assembly on June 26, 2009, and the Directive full procurement code was adopted in Baseline: Institutional November 2009 and adopted since 2012. framework inconsistent with WAEMU Directive (ii) Number of contract awards (ii) The CLR reports that since January 2012, published awarded contracts are published on the official Baseline: 0 website of the procurement directorate (DNCMP) and in newspapers, along with new contracts on a monthly basis. Management: MS for the ERGG 1 and Management: MS for the ERGG 2 report that an agreement was reached to make available ex post the list of contracts awarded, in the gazette L’Entrepreneur published by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Togo. Management: S for the ERGG 3 reports that a procurement website has been created and that the first issue of procurement newspaper was published in December 2010, where all Annexes CLR Review 19 Independent Evaluation Group ISN FY08-10: Focus Area 1: Improve Governance and Transparency ISN FY12-13: Focus Area 2: Actual Results IEG Comments Improving Economic Governance and State Capacity procurement notices and contract awards are published. Target A: Procurement reform Target A: Management: MS for the ERGG 1 program adopted and being reports that the action plan for public implemented procurement reforms was adopted and that a National Committee for Coordination and Monitoring of Procurement Reforms was created. Management: S for the ERGG 3 reports that the action plan was implemented by the Budget, Treasury, Financial Controls and Procurement Departments. Target B: Procurement journal Target B: Management: MS for the ERGG 1 operational for publication of and Management: MS for the ERGG 2 report contract awards that an agreement was reached to make available ex post the list of contracts awarded, in the gazette L’Entrepreneur. Target C: New public Target C: IEG: MS for ERGG 1 reports that a procurement code adopted new public procurement law was voted on June 26, 2009, and that the full procurement code was adopted in November 2009. ISN FY12-13 Indicator II.6: The ERGG series and the ERIREG RETF Enhanced procurement (P110239, FY08) supported this indicator. The controls WBG also prepared a PAMFAR (P111063, FY10). % of procurement notices and Management: MS for the ERGG 4 reports that The ICRR reports the contract awards reviewed by 100% of procurement notices are publicly following additional the General Procurement available and that the publication of the information: “As 100% Department publicly available procurement notice is a condition for approval completion of the latter Baseline: 0 (2010) of the award. It also reports that 37% of the element requires an extra Target: 100 (2011) procurement awards are published. step in the procurement Management: MS for the ERGG 4 reports that process which was not “For enforcement it is necessary to put in place foreseen by the prior action a legal review of the final award which only (the development of the approves the purchase after the award has procurement website and been published. This legal review will be the publication of a implemented in 2012. Once this is the case, Procurement Newspaper), 100% publication of procurement awards can nor discussed by the team, also be expected”. The CLR reports that this indicator is considered contract awards are published after legal 100% achieved because review by the DNCMP or the ministries’ internal 100% of procurement control committees (CCMP) - no more recent notices are being published, WBG document permits to verify that all while the authorities have exerted adequate action to Annexes CLR Review 20 Independent Evaluation Group ISN FY08-10: Focus Area 1: Improve Governance and Transparency ISN FY12-13: Focus Area 2: Actual Results IEG Comments Improving Economic Governance and State Capacity contract awards are published after legal arrive at 100% publication review by the DNCMP. of the procurement awards”. Target A: 2010 procurement Target A: the CLR reports that the target was contracts audited achieved in 2010, 2013 (for 2011 contracts), 2014 (for 2012 contracts) and in 2015 (2013 contracts). Management: MS for ERGG 4 reports that procurement audits were carried out for contracts issued in FY11 and 12. Target B: Implementation Target B: the CLR reports that the decrees that define the implementation decree has been adopted in mandate of the General May 2011 (Decree No 2011-059/PR, see Procurement Department and Decree). determines the threshold for procurement are adopted ISN FY12-13 Indicator II.7: The CLR lists three main achievements: No baseline or target was Improved external controls - The Court of Accounts (COA) became set, in the ISN, for this operational in 2010, with external audit indicator, at the exception of function that complements the internal audit the three process indicators function of the Finance Inspectorate. The reported as Targets A, B legal framework for the COA was in place and C. as of 2009, as reported in Management: MS for the ERGG 2 - The financial statements for 2007 and 2008 have been submitted by four state-owned enterprises (SOTOCO, CEET, SNPT and Togo Telecom) to the COA – this was a prior action for ERGG 4, as reported in Management: S for the ERGG 3 - External control has improved with the above measures and legislation aimed at improving external controls has been passed although not much has been achieved for its implementation Target A: A system to follow up Target A: the CLR reports that the target is not on the auditors’ yet achieved and that a pilot committee has recommendations is been created to work on this system. implemented Target B: IGF and IGE staff on Target B: Management: MS for the ERGG 5 risk and performance reports that a training on the risk-based approaches are trained approach took place in February 2012 for IGF and IGE staff. The CLR reports that the target has been achieved in 2014, following a risk mapping for the Ministry of Economy and Annexes CLR Review 21 Independent Evaluation Group ISN FY08-10: Focus Area 1: Improve Governance and Transparency ISN FY12-13: Focus Area 2: Actual Results IEG Comments Improving Economic Governance and State Capacity Finance, and in 2015 for the Ministries of Agriculture and of Post. Target C: Court of Accounts Target C: the accounts were reviewed in 2008 has submitted the report on the and 2009 (see Management: MS for ERGG 4). execution of the 2007 accounts The CLR indicates that reports were produced to Parliament for 2010-2013 (see Management: U for ERGG 6), which have enabled Parliament to vote on Budget Review Acts for 2010-2013 and that the execution report for 2014 has been completed and submitted to Parliament but not voted on. ISN FY12-13 Indicator II.7: The CLR reports that the target was achieved, No baseline or target was Improved capacity to monitor since the Statistical Capacity Building TA set, in the ISN, for this the PRSP outcomes and (P143797, FY13) supported the modernization indicator. deliver results of the National Statistical System, which led to the creation of a national statistical office (see information from the statistic office). The CLR also reports that the grant supported institutional capacity building, improvements in the quality of data production and access to data through household surveys and the production of socioeconomic indicators, of national accounts data, the analysis of population data, and the dissemination of reports. Objective #2: Strengthen state capacity and managing/restructuring of key public enterprises and banks13 ISN FY08-10 Indicator I.3: The ERGG 1 (P110618, FY08), 2 (P113456, New cotton company is FY09) and 3 (P117282, FY10), supported this operating satisfactorily and indicator. Management: MS for the ERGG 5 cotton production has reports that cotton production increased from rebounded 27,857 tons in 2009 to 79,600 in 2011 and to 80,340 tons in 2012. Seed cotton production level has increased by 50% Baseline: 48,000 tons (end of 2007-08 crop season) Target A: New SOTOCO Target A: the target was achieved since the (NSCT) created with strong NSCT was created by decree (2009-011/PR) in farmer participation in its capital 2009 and since farmers received training to and management strengthen their representational abilities, and their organization (see Management: MS for the ERGG 1). 13 The first ISN presented public enterprises and banks as separate objectives. Annexes CLR Review 22 Independent Evaluation Group ISN FY08-10: Focus Area 1: Improve Governance and Transparency ISN FY12-13: Focus Area 2: Actual Results IEG Comments Improving Economic Governance and State Capacity Target B: Management Target B: the CLR reports that the status of this controls and strategic partner in indicator is unknown. place ISN FY12-13 Indicator II.7: As reported in the CLR, unit costs were The CLR reports the Management of NSCT is reduced by 17% between 2009 and 2010-2011 following for this indicator: enhanced (Management: MS for ERGG 4). “The baseline figure was not specified in the ISN for Baseline: FCFA 415/ton (2010- FY12-13. The ICR for the 11 season) ERGG-4 operation, Target: 5% reduction (2011-12 prepared in June 2012, season indicates that a 2011 study had estimated cotton Target A: Adopt the terms of Target A: the CLR reports that the target was production costs to be reference of the consultant and achieved and that after discussions with the FCFA 415/ton in 2010-11 initiate the study on private government, the option of a study on private as compared to FCFA sector participation in the NSCT sector participation was dropped and the terms 502/ton in 2009-10.” of reference were reoriented toward the preparation of a strategic plan for the cotton sector, which was validated in June 2013 (see Management: MS for the ERGG 5). ISN FY08-10 Indicator I.4: As reported in the CLR, phosphate production The ISN did not present a Phosphate sector strategic increased to 725,547 tons (2009). specific target for this development plan is adopted, Management: MS for the ERGG 1 reports that indicator. and phosphate production production increased slightly from 750,000 tons has increased in 2007 to 850,000 tons in 2008. Phosphate production level has increased Baseline: 150,000 tons (first quarter of 2008) Target A: The company, Target A: the CLR reports that the target was SNPT, is adequately staffed, achieved in 2011. This information could not be successive annual business verified by IEG on the basis of the available plans are adopted, and WBG documents. installation of new equipment has commenced ISN FY12-13 Indicator II.2: The CLR reports that a validation Report has Improved transparency and been submitted in 2013 and that the EITI accountability in the compliance status was achieved in 2013 (see phosphate sector Management: U for ERGG 6). The Togo EITI implementation support TA (P123524, FY13) Togo submitting its Validation supported this indicator (see Output report). Report towards becoming an EITI compliant country Baseline: Not yet compliant (2011) Annexes CLR Review 23 Independent Evaluation Group ISN FY08-10: Focus Area 1: Improve Governance and Transparency ISN FY12-13: Focus Area 2: Actual Results IEG Comments Improving Economic Governance and State Capacity Target: Togo has achieved validation or been granted compliant status (2013) Target A: An IT system for the Target A: the CLR reports that the target was management of the stocks and not achieved. spare parts of SNPT is created and functional Target B: The existing Mining Target B: the CLR reports that the draft mining Code is updated and submitted code was prepared in 2014, but not yet to Parliament for approval adopted (see 2014 EITI report for Togo). Target C: The strategic plan for Target C: the CLR reports that the target was Phase 2 and 3, which includes not achieved since a 50/50 ownership with a the search for private partner private entity was attempted in 2001 but failed investors, is completed in 2003. ISN FY12-13 Indicator II.4: As reported in Management: MS for ERGG 4, The CLR reports the Enhanced financial situation the turnover of CEET (excluding Contour following for this indicator: of CEET (Compagnie Energie Global charges) increased by 22% as of “the Baseline was not Electrique du Togo) December 2011 (from FCFA 55 billion in 2010 specified in ISN for FY12- to FCFA 67 billion in 2011), following a tariff 13. The Implementation Increase in the turnover of adjustment effective January 1, 2011. The Completion Report (ICR) for CEET (excluding Contour ICRR reports that, consequently, CEET’s the ERGG-4 operation, Global charges) operating loss of FCFA 3.8 billion in 2010 prepared in June 2012, Baseline: FCFA 55 billion became a profit of FCFA 1.4 billion in 2011. It indicates that turnover (2010) adds that since then the turnover continued to (excluding Contour Global) Target: 7% increase (2011) increase (FCFA 96.8 billion (2012); FCFA 108 increased from FCFA 55 billion (2013); FCFA 96.6 billion (2014); FCFA billion in 2010 to FCFA 67 107.7 billion (2015). billion in 2011”. Target A: Recommendations of Target A: the CLR reports that the target was the organizational audit of achieved. This could not be verified by IEG. CEET are implemented ISN FY08-10 Indicator I.5: As reported in Management: MU for the Banking sector is financial sector and governance project restructured and (P111064, FY09), the BCTI and UTB have not recapitalization of at least the been privatized and BCTI remains with high two state banks started negative equity. As of June 2016, the net worth of the Banks was -43% for BTCI and -13.5% Net worth of BTCI and UTB are for UTB. The CLR adds that the two banks’ at least 8%, consistent with capitalization, which needs to attain the WAEMU prudential norms minimum capital standards (FCFA 5 billion Baseline: Net worth of both before July 2017) set by the WAEMU, is at banks negative (end-2007) about FCFA 36 billion and FCFA 50 billion, respectively. Annexes CLR Review 24 Independent Evaluation Group ISN FY08-10: Focus Area 1: Improve Governance and Transparency ISN FY12-13: Focus Area 2: Actual Results IEG Comments Improving Economic Governance and State Capacity Target A: The three largest Target A: the CLR reports that BTD (2012) and banks with negative equity BIA (2013) were privatized but that the process have a credible restructuring was unsuccessful; BTCI is under receivership plan under satisfactory and has a provisional restructuring plan, but implementation according to UTB does not and its management has the timetable changed in June 2016 (see Management: MU). ISN FY12-13 Indicator II.3: As reported in Management: MU for the Improved performance of financial sector and governance project BTCI, UTB and BIA (P111064, FY09), two targeted banks (BIA and The three targeted banks have BTD) have entered into public-private entered into partnerships partnerships as of 2013. The CLR reports that (which involve the sale of a the two others state-owned banks continue to majority of shares) with face challenges and that no solution has been strategic banking investors yet decided. Baseline: 0 (2011) Target: 2 banks by 2012, and the 3rd bank by 2013 Target A: Financial Target A: only 55% of BIA capital was restructuring of BTCI, UTB and transferred to Attijariwafa Bank in September BIA completed 2013 and the two other banks were not privatized (Management: MU for project P111064). ISN FY08-10: Focus Area 2: Help the Economic Recovery ISN FY12-13: Focus Area 1: Actual Results IEG Comments Deepening Economic Recovery and Promoting Sustainable Development Objective #3: Improved business and investment climate ISN FY08-10 Indicator II.4: The CLR reports that the target was achieved, Plan to clear the arrears vis- since domestic arrears were cleared. It also à-vis the private sector is in reports that the ERIREG RETF (P110239, place and under FY08) supported this indicator; the Grant Major implementation; clarity on Reporting and Monitoring Report for the RETF Outcome the potential drivers of does not report such achievement. Measures economic growth Level of domestic arrears to the private sector Baseline: FCFA 278.37 billion (end-2005), equivalent to US$528.3m Annexes CLR Review 25 Independent Evaluation Group ISN FY08-10: Focus Area 2: Help the Economic Recovery ISN FY12-13: Focus Area 1: Actual Results IEG Comments Deepening Economic Recovery and Promoting Sustainable Development Target A: Adoption of a Target A: the CLR reports that the status for strategic plan to clear the this target is unknown. government’s domestic arrears Target B: Completion of a Target B: the target was achieved in 2010, with Sources of Growth study and the preparation of the Sources of Growth- discussion of the study in Togo Country Economic Memorandum (P113161, FY10, see report). ISN FY12-13 Indicator I.1: The last ISR: MU of the ISN period (June 2014) Improved business and for the Private Sector Development Support investment climate (strategic Project (P122326, FY11) indicates that, area) according to Doing Business data, the number of procedures was still 7 in 2013 and Number of procedures to start a consequently that the target was not achieved business during the ISN period. However, as reported in Baseline: 7 (2011) the last ISR: MU (June 2016), the number of Target: 5 (2013) procedures was reduced from 7 in 2011 to 6 in 2015 and as of June 2016. Target A: Procedures to Target A: the CLR reports that the status for register a business reviewed this target is unknown. Information above and streamlined seems to indicate that the target has been achieved. Objective #4: Increased agricultural productivity and crop output ISN FY12-13 Indicator I.2: The last ISR: S of the ISN period (October Increased crop output 2014) for the Agricultural Sector Support Project (P118045, FY11), reported that data for Volume of crop output (tons): coffee and cocoa were not yet available, Baseline: although the activities had started. It also Coffee 13,000 tons; reported that the production of rice had Cocoa 6,000 tons; reached 1,517 tons and that the production of Husked Rice 0 tons; corn had reached 2,898 tons, as of May 2014. Warranted Corn 0 tons (2010) On the basis of this information, the target was Target: partially achieved at the end of the ISN period. Coffee 15,000 tons; The latest ISR: S (January 2017) reported the Cocoa 7,000 tons; following crop outputs, as of November 2016: Husked Rice 3,000 tons; Coffee 16,092 tons; Cocoa 10,384 tons; Warranted Corn 800 tons Husked Rice 6,722 tons; and Warranted Corn (2013) 11,384 tons. Target A: Farmers provided Target A: see information reported for previous with improved technologies, indicator (Indicator II.2). advisory services, and access to better quality agricultural inputs Annexes CLR Review 26 Independent Evaluation Group ISN FY08-10: Focus Area 2: Help the Economic Recovery ISN FY12-13: Focus Area 1: Actual Results IEG Comments Deepening Economic Recovery and Promoting Sustainable Development Objective #5: Improved access to quality of productive infrastructure ISN FY08-10 Indicator II.1: The CLR reports that the ERIREG RETF Adoption and commenced (P110239, FY08) supported this indicator; the implementation of a strategic Grant Reporting and Monitoring Report development plan for the indicates that port studies have been Lomé Port, and key port completed and that additional funding has been services improved obtained to prepare a port master plan. However, as reported in the CLR, the status of Action plan under the planned national strategic plan for the port implementation is not confirmed. The IFC has also supported Baseline: No formal integrated the extension and improvement in the Lome plan exists (2008) container port (see IFC information)– in 2013, after the end of the ISNFY08-10 period. The CLR reports improvement in congestion, customs and time to handle and deliver containers beyond the ISN timeframe. Target A: Completion of a Target A: the CLR reports that the status for national strategic plan for the the target is unknown. port Target B: Adoption of an Target B: the CLR reports that the status for action plan to implement the the target is unknown. strategic development plan ISN FY12-13 Indicator I.3: Improved Access to Electricity Target A: Number of Target A: Management: S for the Emergency transformer stations Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Energy Project rehabilitated (P113415, FY09) reports that 20 transformer Baseline: 0 (2010) stations were rehabilitated, as of December Target: 20 (2013) 2013 (and 25 as of June 2016 – the CLR reports 21 as of 2014). Target B: Extension of Target B: Management: S for the Emergency electricity supply network Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Energy Project Baseline: 0 (2010) (P113415, FY09) reports that the electricity Target: 30 km (2013) supply network was extended by 36km, as of June 2016 – the CLR reports 33km as of 2014. ISN FY08-10 Indicator II.2: The Grant Reporting and Monitoring Report for Agreement between the ERIREG RETF (P110239, FY08) indicates Government and that a coffee/cocoa strategy was completed cocoa/coffee professional and used for the design of a WB lending organization on rehabilitation project. As reported in the CLR, a sector plan to increase production rehabilitation plan supported by the Agricultural of cocoa/coffee Sector Support Project (P118045, FY11) has Annexes CLR Review 27 Independent Evaluation Group ISN FY08-10: Focus Area 2: Help the Economic Recovery ISN FY12-13: Focus Area 1: Actual Results IEG Comments Deepening Economic Recovery and Promoting Sustainable Development Existence of a sector been under implementation since 2013. rehabilitation plan under However, the review of the ISRs for the implementation 2014/2015 period for project P118045 does not Baseline: No rehabilitation plan permit to verify this information. in place (end-2007) The CLR also reports that support to the sector led to an increase in coffee and cocoa production through the provision of improved technologies, advisory services, and access to better-quality agricultural inputs; the strengthening of the capacity of producer organizations and the creation of an inter- professional council for coffee and cocoa (CICC-Togo) in September 2014 – the last ISR:S for project P11804 (January 2017) reports an increase of crops, the adoption of new techniques and increased participation in trainings. Target A: Completion of a Target A: See above. diagnostic study of the cocoa/coffee sector ISN FY08-10: Focus Area 3: Provide for Urgent Social Needs Actual Results IEG Comments ISN FY12-13: Focus Area 3: Addressing Urgent Poverty Reduction and Social Needs Objective # 6: Improved access of communities to basic social and local development services (including youth employment.) ISN FY08-10 Indicator III.1: The CLR indicates the Increased access to following note: Baseline improved basic social data for 2008 not available. services (health, education In addition, no specific and water services and target was included in the Major increased access to ISR. Outcome economic opportunities) in Measures targeted rural communities (i) Enrollment ratios in the (i) Management: MS for the Community target communities Development Project -CDP (P110943, FY08) Baseline: TBD (2008) indicates that 97,367 students were enrolled in the constructed or rehabilitated schools (as of September 2013) – the CLR reports that Annexes CLR Review 28 Independent Evaluation Group ISN FY08-10: Focus Area 3: Provide for Urgent Social Needs Actual Results IEG Comments ISN FY12-13: Focus Area 3: Addressing Urgent Poverty Reduction and Social Needs updated figures are not available since the program did not continue tracking enrollment. (ii) Share of the population in (ii) Management: MS for project P110943 the target communities that reports that have visited a primary health about 145,000 patients visited the 23 health center centers in 2013 – the CLR reports that the Baseline: TBD (2008) number of unique visitors could not be calculated and that, for 2015, health center visits are estimated at 2,657,067, or 38.87% of the total population. For both sub-indicators, no data was available for the end of the ISR; achievements were not reported before the end of 2013. Target A: Completion of at leastTarget A: as reported in Management: MS for 250 basic services sub-projects project P110943, 290 basic socioeconomic and 200 economic infrastructure subprojects and 294 income- opportunities sub-projects by generating subprojects were completed, as of end of project implementation September 2013. In addition, 215 basic socioeconomic infrastructure subprojects and 208 income-generating subprojects were completed, as of November 2016, as part of the Community Development and Safety Nets Project (P127200, FY12), as per the last ISR: S (April 2017). These achievements are beyond the ISN time frame. Objective # 7: Improved quality and access to basic education and health services ISN FY12-13 Indicator III.1: IEG: MS for the Education For All-Fast Track Improved quality of primary Initiative Program (P116384, FY11) reports that education the primary completion rate increased from 65% in 2009 to 83.6% in 2014. Primary completion rate (%) Baseline: 63.2% (2010) Target: 66% (2013) Target A: Textbooks of the Target A: 9 million reading and math textbooks EFA-FTI project purchased were purchased and delivered to primary schools as of December 2014, exceeding the project’s target of 1.6 million (see IEG: MS for project P116384). Objective #8 Improved social protection and inclusion (including gender) ISN FY12-13 Indicator III.2: Improved access to social protection Annexes CLR Review 29 Independent Evaluation Group ISN FY08-10: Focus Area 3: Provide for Urgent Social Needs Actual Results IEG Comments ISN FY12-13: Focus Area 3: Addressing Urgent Poverty Reduction and Social Needs (i) Number of community (i) The CLR reports that this target has been mobilization schemes supported by the Community Development and Baseline: 600 (2011) Safety Nets Project (P127200, FY12) and that Target: 900 (2013) 633 communities benefited from community mobilization schemes. However, the review of the ISRs does not permit to verify this information since they do not present an indicator for this target. (ii) Number of people covered (ii) the last ISR: MS after the end of the ISN by Social Safety Nets period (February 2015) for the Community Baseline: 36,000 Development and Safety Nets Project Target: 70,000 estimated (P127200, FY12) reported that 4,129 people were covered by the Safety Nets Program, as of March 2014. Consequently, the target was not achieved during the ISN period. The latest ISR: S (April 2017) indicates that a total of 77,795 people are covered by Safety Nets Programs, as of February 2017, including 47,550 covered by the school feeding programs, 12,590 by labor-intensive public works, and 17,665 by cash transfer programs (2016). Target A: Existing social Target A: the CLR reports that a review of protection policies reviewed social protection programs was conducted in and streamlined 2012 and that a national social protection policy was drafted in 2012 (see the Grant Reporting and Monitoring Report for the Cash for Work Program TA, P121533, FY11) and is being updated for adoption by government. Objective #9: Improved management of the environment and natural disasters ISN FY12-13 Indicator I.4: Management: S for the Emergency Drainage Rehabilitation Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Energy Project (P113415, FY09) and its additional financing Km of drains cleaned reports that 42km of drains have been cleaned, Baseline: 0 (2010) as of December 2013 (and 121 km as of June Target: 80 km (2013) 2016 while the CLR reports that the target was achieved in 2014). Target A: Drainage systems Target A: see above. cleaned ISN FY12-13 Indicator III.3: Management: S for the Emergency Flood reduction, especially in Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Energy Project Lome township and its (P113415, FY09) and its additional financing environs reports that 8km of drains were rehabilitated or Annexes CLR Review 30 Independent Evaluation Group ISN FY08-10: Focus Area 3: Provide for Urgent Social Needs Actual Results IEG Comments ISN FY12-13: Focus Area 3: Addressing Urgent Poverty Reduction and Social Needs Number of kilometers of constructed, as of December 2013 (and rehabilitated drainage network 31.3km, as of June 2016). Baseline: 0 (2010) Target: 30 km (2013) Target A: An early warning Target A: The Integrated Disaster and Land system installed Management Project (P123922, FY14) supports this target. However, as reported in the last ISR: S (April 2017), such system has not been developed yet. ISN FY08-10 Indicator II.2: The Grant Reporting and Monitoring Report for The ISN did not present a Reduced flooding in the Bé the Lome Infrastructure Rehabilitation and specific target for this community of Lomé Maintenance Project (P111338, FY08) indicator. benefiting from rehabilitated indicates that the project supported the drainage; adoption of a road, rehabilitation of a 2.4km of road in Lome as drainage and solid waste well as drainage works, street lighting and side reform program for key urban street treatment that allowed water to be areas, incorporating the captured and directed into lessons from the LICUS- the main drainage system. supported Lomé pilot In parallel, thanks to the Emergency Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Energy Project Level of flooding in the Bé (P113415, FY09) and its additional financing community with rehabilitated operation, the number of people protected drains against periodic flooding increased from 2,000 Baseline: Extensive seasonal (in May 2009) to more than 585,000 in June flooding in the community 2016 (see Management: S). The ICRR also (2008) reports on a reduced exposure to flooding in the neighborhood. However, these improvements have been achieved in 2016, 6 years after the end of the ISN period. Target A: Drainage works Target A: The Grant Reporting and Monitoring completed in a selected Report for Project P111338 reports on the disadvantaged Lomé rehabilitation of a 2.4km of road in Lome (and neighborhood (Bé) and a that traffic jams disappeared as a result of it) as stretch of road in Bé that has well as the completion of drainage works, become a bottleneck to traffic achieved in 2010. flow rehabilitated ISN FY08-10 Indicator III.1: The Avian Influenza Control and Human No specific target was set The threat posed by highly Pandemic Preparedness and Response for the two sub-indicators (i) pathogenic avian influenza Project (P108484, FY08) supported this and (ii). (HPAI) to humans and the outcome. No project document was found in poultry sector is minimized the WBG’ systems to verify outcomes. (i) Number of monthly HPAI (i) The CLR reports that target was achieved, inter-ministerial committees with interdepartmental committee meetings held held monthly during outbreaks – and that no Baseline: 0 (end-2007) meeting has been hold for the August 2016 Annexes CLR Review 31 Independent Evaluation Group ISN FY08-10: Focus Area 3: Provide for Urgent Social Needs Actual Results IEG Comments ISN FY12-13: Focus Area 3: Addressing Urgent Poverty Reduction and Social Needs outbreaks, but a press conference was held that represented all involved departments. (ii) Number of responses to (ii) The CLR reports that the target was outbreak missions conducted achieved, since the two outbreaks of avian jointly by public health and influenza reported in August 2016 have been animal health services managed jointly by the health and agriculture compared to the number of ministries. It also reports that at least 5 joint reported outbreaks missions have been conducted following the Baseline: 0 joint missions positive diagnosis of H5N1 by the central compared to 2 reported laboratory veterinarians. outbreaks (2007) Target A: Avian Flu Control Target A: the CLR reports that the target was Program and Outbreak not achieved; an Interdepartmental Committee Containment Plan are in place on prevention of and fight against avian influenza was established in February 2006 and a National Technical Committee in May 2006, but neither institution is operationalized; planning document in place but not funded. Target B: A centralized crisis Target B: the CLR reports that a Crisis Unit management unit has been was established at the time of the first crisis in established 2007 and reactivated during August 2016 to manage outbreaks in Adétikopé and Adidogomé. No project document was found in the WBG’ systems to verify outcomes. Target C: An inter-ministerial Target C: the CLR reports that the target is not committee (comprising, among achieved since the inter-ministerial committee, others, health, livestock, trade, was created in February 2006 but not yet environment, finance, security, operationalized. population) is established and functioning Annexes CLR Review 32 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 2: Togo Planned and Actual Lending, FY08-FY16 Approved Proposed Approval Closing Proposed Proposed Outcome Project ID Project name IDA FY FY FY Amount Amount Rating Amount Project Planned Under ISN FY08-10 and ISN FY12-13 ISNFY08-10 ISNFY12-13 Economic Recovery and Governance P110618 2008 2008 2009 170.6 175.0 IEG: MS Grant (ERGG)* P110943 Community Development Project 2008 2008 2014 17.2 17.2 IEG: S Financial Sector and Governance P111064 2009 2009 2016 10.0 12.0 LIR: MU Reform TA Project P113415 Emergency Infrastructure Rehab. 2009 2009 2016 10.0 25.0 LIR: S Development Policy Operation P113456 2009 2009 2010 12.0 20.0 IEG: MS (ERGG2) Support to Growth-inducing Sectors 2010 9.0 Cancelled Development Policy Operation P117282 2010 2010 2011 12.0 16.3 IEG: MS ERGG3) Regional Abidjan Lagos Transport and 2010 5.0 Trade Facilitation Community Development and Safety P127200 2012 2012 2018 14.0 14.0 LIR: S Net P126897 Economic Recovery & Gov. Grant 5 2012 2012 2013 14.0 14.0 IEG: MS Emergency Infrast Rehab Add P126899 2012 2013 14.0 14.0 Cancelled Financing Development Policy Operation (ERGG P132208 2013 2014 2015 10.0 14.0 NR 6) Energy Project 2013 20.0 Cancelled WA Reg Communications 2013 10.0 Infrastructure Total Planned 245.8 82 321.5 Unplanned Projects during ISN FY08-10 and ISN FY12-13 TOGO Mining Governance and P149277 2016 2021 15.0 LIR: MS Development P143843 TG- Maternal and Child Health Support 2014 2019 14.0 LIR: MS P146598 TG-PDCplus Additional Financing 2014 12.1 P118045 TG:Agricultural Sector Support Project 2011 2017 9.0 LIR: S P122326 TG-Priv Sec Development Support 2011 2016 13.0 IEG: U P122806 TG-Economic Recovery & Gov. Grant 4 2011 2012 28.0 IEG: MS TG-Emergency Infrastructure Rehab P125049 2011 15.0 AF TG-additional financing under CDP P121067 2010 8.7 (FY10) Total Unplanned 114.8 Approval Closing Approved On-going Projects during ISN FY08-10 and ISN FY12-13 FY FY Amount None Total On-going 0.0 Source: Togo ISN FY8-10 and ISN FY12-13, WB Business Intelligence Table 2b.1, 2a.4 and 2a.7 as of 4/17/17 *LIR: Latest internal rating. MU: Moderately Unsatisfactory. MS: Moderately Satisfactory. S: Satisfactory. HS: Highly Satisfactory. NR: ISR Rating not yet available Annexes CLR Review 33 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 3: Analytical and Advisory Work for Togo, FY08-FY16 Fiscal Total Proj ID Economic and Sector Work Output Type year Cost TG-Policy Notes & Needs Assessment P104205 FY08 Economic and Sector Work 191 (FY08 P111063 TG-PEMFAR FY09 Public Expenditure Review (PER) 319 P115627 GCMCG: Togo Country Assessment FY09 Corporate Governance Assessment (ROSC) 71 P113161 TG-Sources of Growth/CEM FY10 Country Economic Memorandum (CEM) 714 P117307 Togo - Growth Diagnostics FY10 Economic and Sector Work 19 P118178 TG - ROSC A&A FY10 Accounting and Auditing Assessment (ROSC) 68 P119200 TG: Investment Climate Policy Note FY10 Economic and Sector Work 166 P113147 TG-Env & Soc Background Reviews FY11 Economic and Sector Work 241 P123039 DeMPA Assessment - Togo FY11 General Economy, Macroeconomics, and Growth Study 93 P123694 IHP+: Togo Health Country Status Report FY11 Health Sector Review 206 P123185 Technical Notes on Gender and Poverty FY12 Poverty Assessment (PA) 225 P121776 Togo Energy Sector Policy Review FY14 Sector or Thematic Study/Note 85 P146418 Togo Service Delivery Indicators FY16 Sector or Thematic Study/Note 533 P152775 SPEAU Water Supply Policy Dialogue FY16 Sector or Thematic Study/Note 67 P157186 Economic Governance Diagnostics FY16 Sector or Thematic Study/Note 37 Fiscal Total Proj ID Technical Assistance Output Type year Cost P111682 TG-Education Sector Program (FY10) FY10 Technical Assistance 81 P117965 Togo - ICT Policy Dialogue FY10 Technical Assistance 37 TG:Cash for Work Program: Togo & P121533 FY11 Technical Assistance 110 Liberia P122400 6ogo: ICT Strategy FY11 Technical Assistance 83 TG-Post Disaster Needs Assessment P124996 FY11 Technical Assistance 58 (FY11) P127394 Togo - ICT Sector TA FY12 Technical Assistance 58 P129007 TG Social Protection FY12 Technical Assistance 223 P127711 Togo: #10161 Financial Sector Devt Strat FY13 Technical Assistance 242 P118985 Togo - Use of country System FY14 Technical Assistance 79 P123524 TOGO EITI Implementation Support FY14 Technical Assistance 66 P132820 Togo - ICT Sector TA FY14 Technical Assistance 103 P133075 Togo Governance Action Plan FY14 Technical Assistance 38 P143797 Togo: Statistical Capacity Building FY16 Technical Assistance 13 P143864 Togo Mineral Sector TA FY16 Technical Assistance 69 P146403 TOGO-Mining Law and Cadastre FY16 Technical Assistance 227 TOGO REFORM PLAN FOR DEBT P148172 FY16 Technical Assistance 65 MANAGEMENT P156440 Household Survey FY16 Technical Assistance 112 Source: WB Business Intelligence 4/17/17 Annexes CLR Review 34 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 4: Togo Grants and Trust Funds Active in FY08-16 Approval Closing Approved Outcome Project ID Project name TF ID FY FY Amount Rating TOGO - Education and Institutional Strengthening P146294 TF 18062 2015 2019 27,800,000 Project 2 P149942 REDD+ Readiness preparation - Togo TF 18779 2015 2019 3,800,000 P132208 TG - Economic Recovery and Governance Credit 6 TF 13880 2014 2016 375,842 Integrated Disaster and Land Management P123922 TF 13715 2014 2017 3,000,000 Project Cash Transfer Program for Vulnerable Children in P144484 TF 14860 2014 2018 2,550,000 Northern Togo P129495 TG - M&E Capacity Strengthening TF 13016 2013 2016 432,484 P124198 TG-Integrated Disaster and Land Management TF 11243 2012 2017 5,453,704 P124198 TG-Integrated Disaster and Land Management TF 11245 2012 2017 3,703,703 Integrated Disaster and Land Management P123922 TF 11010 2012 2017 7,290,000 Project Integrated Disaster and Land Management P123922 TF 98701 2012 2015 500,000 Project P118045 Togo Agricultural Sector Support Project TF 99275 2011 2015 9,000,000 P118045 Togo Agricultural Sector Support Project TF 99289 2011 2017 19,000,000 Strengthening the capacity of the accountancy P124628 TF 99402 2011 2014 335,500 profession in Togo Togo: Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative P117906 TF 98712 2011 2014 274,600 Implementation TG- Education For All-Fast Track Initiative P116384 TF 97340 2011 2015 45,000,000 IEG: MS Program P121574 Togo Private Sector Revitalization TF 96690 2010 2016 1,100,000 P115066 Togo Efficient Lighting Program TF 94675 2009 2016 1,818,182 P108918 EPPR - Expansion Phase - GA with Savanes TF 92968 2009 2010 318,200 P108918 EPPR - Expansion Phase - GA with Savanes TF 92967 2009 2010 318,200 P108918 EPPR - Expansion Phase - GA with Savanes TF 92966 2009 2010 318,200 P110943 TG-Community Dev. Project ERL (FY08) TF 93124 2009 2012 7,000,000 P111338 Lome Infra. Rehab. & Maintenance Project TF 92322 2008 2010 1,575,000 TG-Avian Influenza Control and Human Pandemic P108484 TF 91731 2008 2009 559,900 Preparedness and Response Project TG-Economic Recovery and International Re- P110239 TF 91657 2008 2011 1,573,630 engagement P108918 EPPR - Expansion Phase - GA with Savanes TF 91353 2008 2010 445,400 Poverty Reduction Emergency Program - P105385 TF 90492 2008 2010 1,235,000 Savanes and BNL EPPR - Consolidation Phase - Maritime P108828 TF 90493 2008 2010 2,235,000 GA#090493 - LICUS Ref. No. 58 National Strategy for the Development of P104408 TF 57664 2007 2009 84,932 Statistics (NSDS) Total 147,097,477 Source: Client Connection as of 2/13/17 ** IEG Validates RETF that are 5M and above Annexes CLR Review 35 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 5: IEG Project Ratings for Togo, FY08-16 Total IEG Risk to Exit FY Proj ID Project name IEG Outcome Evaluated ($M) DO MODERATELY 2008 P110618 TG-Economic Recovery and Gov. Grant I 164.4 SIGNIFICANT SATISFACTORY MODERATELY 2010 P113456 TG-P113456-ERGG 2 21.3 SIGNIFICANT SATISFACTORY MODERATELY 2011 P117282 TG-Economic Recovery & Gov. Grant 3 16.0 SIGNIFICANT SATISFACTORY MODERATELY 2012 P122806 TG-Economic Recovery & Gov. Grant 4 28.7 MODERATE SATISFACTORY MODERATELY 2013 P126897 TG-Economic Recovery & Gov. Credit 5 13.7 HIGH SATISFACTORY 2014 P110943 TG-Community Dev. Project ERL (FY08) 25.3 SATISFACTORY MODERATE MODERATELY 2015 P116384 TG- Education For All-FTI Program 0.0 MODERATE SATISFACTORY 2016 P122326 TG-Priv Sec Development Support 4.7 UNSATISFACTORY HIGH Total 274.1 Source: AO Key IEG Ratings as of 5/3/17 Annex Table 6: IEG Project Ratings for Togo and Comparators, FY08-16 Total Total RDO % RDO % Outcome Outcome Region Evaluated Evaluated Moderate or Lower Moderate or Lower % Sat ($) % Sat (No) ($M) (No) Sat ($) Sat (No) Togo 274.1 8 98.3 87.5 19.7 37.5 AFR 34,186.7 682 70.3 65.3 36.2 35.4 World 199,785.5 2,329 82.5 71.4 61.4 49.3 Source: WB AO as of 5/3/17 * With IEG new methodology for evaluating projects, institutional development impact and sustainability are no longer rated separately. Annexes CLR Review 36 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 7: Portfolio Status for Togo and Comparators, FY08-16 Fiscal year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Ave FY08-16 Togo # Proj 10 11 6 10 11 11 10 10 7 10 # Proj At Risk 2 2 1 1 2 1 4 4 2 % Proj At Risk 20.0 18.2 - 10.0 9.1 18.2 10.0 40.0 57.1 22.2 Net Comm Amt 24.9 84.0 83.0 176.5 180.2 189.8 186.8 172.6 111.4 134 Comm At Risk 17.2 25.9 25.9 70.8 13.0 41.1 64.6 37 % Commit at Risk 20.5 14.7 14.4 37.3 7.0 23.8 58.0 27.5 AFR # Proj 530 582 597 644 627 566 620 643 659 608 # Proj At Risk 111 150 152 133 127 128 138 136 144 135 % Proj At Risk 20.9 25.8 25.5 20.7 20.3 22.6 22.3 21.2 21.9 22.3 Net Comm Amt 24,041.3 29,334.3 35,438.5 38,884.9 40,416.8 42,649.1 49,142.6 54,586.3 59,033.9 41,503 Comm At Risk 6,042.6 7,322.0 9,703.1 8,269.7 6,504.6 14,310.8 16,548.2 16,000.3 18,949.8 11,517 % Commit at Risk 25.1 25.0 27.4 21.3 16.1 33.6 33.7 29.3 32.1 27.7 World # Proj 1,832 1,925 1,990 2,059 2,029 1,964 2,048 2,022 1,975 1,983 # Proj At Risk 312 386 410 382 387 414 412 444 422 397 % Proj At Risk 17.0 20.1 20.6 18.6 19.1 21.1 20.1 22.0 21.4 20.0 Net Comm Amt 110,835.9 135,706.0 162,975.3 171,755.3 173,706.1 176,202.6 192,610.1 201,045.2 220,331.5 171,685 Comm At Risk 18,967.7 20,857.8 28,963.1 23,850.0 24,465.0 40,805.6 40,933.5 45,987.7 44,244.9 32,119 % Commit at Risk 17.1 15.4 17.8 13.9 14.1 23.2 21.3 22.9 20.1 18.7 Source: WB BI as of 4/17/17 Annexes CLR Review 37 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 8: Disbursement Ratio for Togo, FY08-16 Fiscal Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Overall Result Togo Disbursement Ratio (%) 11.5 24.2 45.6 25.5 25.9 34.9 30.0 40.2 31.1 Inv Disb in FY 1.9 12.5 23.0 27.3 26.5 34.8 25.4 35.0 186.3 Inv Tot Undisb Begin FY 16.4 51.7 50.5 107.0 102.5 99.6 84.6 87.0 599.4 AFR Disbursement Ratio (%) 22.7 23.8 24.0 19.4 21.4 22.5 23.1 24.5 19.6 22.2 Inv Disb in FY 3,340.1 3,564.2 4,251.0 4,703.1 5,260.3 5,652.1 6,143.9 6,473.2 5,572.5 44,960.4 Inv Tot Undisb Begin FY 14,734.1 14,954.7 17,704.1 24,298.4 24,595.0 25,175.9 26,540.4 26,463.6 28,377.1 202,843.3 World Disbursement Ratio (%) 22.2 26.5 26.9 22.4 20.8 20.6 20.8 21.8 19.5 22.1 Inv Disb in FY 14,561.7 18,062.5 20,928.8 20,933.4 21,048.2 20,510.7 20,757.7 21,853.7 21,152.9 179,809.5 Inv Tot Undisb Begin FY 65,651.9 68,133.5 77,760.8 93,516.5 101,234.3 99,588.3 99,854.3 100,344.9 108,600.3 814,684.9 * Calculated as IBRD/IDA Disbursements in FY / Opening Undisbursed Amount at FY. Restricted to Lending Instrument Type = Investment. AO disbursement ratio table as of 4/17/17 Annexes CLR Review 38 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 9: Net Disbursement and Charges for Togo, FY08-16 Period Disb. Amt. Repay Amt. Net Amt. Charges Fees Net Transfer FY08 163,057,879.1 106,420,090.3 56,637,788.8 - 37,837,173.9 18,800,614.9 FY09 1,887,187.7 21,110,041.9 (19,222,854.1) - 4,447,630.9 (23,670,485.0) FY10 33,852,781.9 22,065,858.9 11,786,923.0 - 4,151,883.3 7,635,039.7 FY11 64,156,366.5 11,205,830.7 52,950,535.8 - 2,360,601.7 50,589,934.2 FY12 30,677,777.6 - 30,677,777.6 - - 30,677,777.6 FY13 40,521,367.4 - 40,521,367.4 - 57,580.7 40,463,786.7 FY14 23,852,029.2 - 23,852,029.2 - 104,268.7 23,747,760.5 FY15 43,112,316.0 - 43,112,316.0 - 152,917.4 42,959,398.6 FY16 26,695,536.9 - 26,695,536.9 - 226,273.5 26,469,263.4 Report Total 427,813,242.4 160,801,821.7 267,011,420.6 - 49,338,330.2 217,673,090.5 World Bank Client Connection 4/18/17 Annexes CLR Review 39 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 10: Total Net Disbursements of Official Development Assistance and Official Aid for Togo Development Partners 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 All Donors, Total 330.14 494.52 403.38 542.38 245.08 226.32 210.96 199.63 DAC Countries, Total 176.06 361.95 252.73 327.44 114.48 82.6 79.8 90.14 Australia .. .. 0.09 0.74 0.44 2.4 0.12 0.19 Austria 0.89 14.58 0.72 31.5 0.16 0.11 0.07 0.07 Belgium 2.58 62.4 5.03 88.01 0.72 0.74 0.79 10.59 Canada 2.61 2.5 23.05 1.41 5.67 1.9 0.46 0.31 Czech Republic 0.01 .. .. .. .. .. 0.01 .. Denmark 0.69 1.25 1.27 0.99 0.99 0.35 .. .. Finland 0.16 0.2 0.41 0.32 0.23 0.34 0.29 0.31 France 127.68 40.51 168.02 36.78 22.55 25.25 31.93 29.12 Germany 8.44 24.03 8.84 33.73 8.33 18.48 28.79 34.21 Greece 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 Hungary .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 Iceland .. 0.12 .. .. .. 0.1 .. 0.01 Ireland 0.53 0.14 .. 0.13 .. .. .. .. Italy 1.31 3.04 11.53 0.94 0.47 0.52 1.1 2.1 Japan 0.33 34.09 7.54 9.27 15.63 23.75 10.17 4.24 Korea 0.06 0.06 0.1 0.2 0.13 0.09 0.33 0.5 Luxembourg 0.59 0.73 0.85 0.9 0.65 0.5 1.05 1.1 Netherlands 13.2 0.88 17.62 .. .. .. .. .. Norway 0.05 0.08 0.09 0.26 0.23 0.27 0.17 0.64 Poland 0.04 0.01 .. .. .. .. .. .. Portugal .. .. .. .. 0 0.01 0 0.01 Spain 3.45 3.8 1.59 26.5 51.66 0.42 0.75 0.26 Sweden 0.75 0.38 0.34 14.23 0.69 0.7 1.3 1.27 Switzerland 0.64 158.94 1.71 75.95 2.5 2.56 -0.83 2.09 United Kingdom 9.03 10.42 -0.08 1.92 0.05 .. .. 0.05 United States 3 3.78 3.98 3.64 3.38 4.09 3.27 3.04 Multilaterals, Total 152.83 131.67 149.89 214.57 127.13 137.8 132.35 102.31 EU Institutions 39.02 46.36 48.92 45.77 27.5 34.1 35.39 25.21 International Monetary Fund, Total 47.63 41.29 43.64 13.89 .. -1.77 -12.23 -16.23 IMF 47.63 41.29 43.64 13.89 .. -1.77 -12.23 -16.23 Regional Development Banks, Total -7.94 3.59 14.96 49.78 36.88 15.69 24.27 28.53 African Development Bank, Total -7.6 -0.21 -1.3 35.77 29.43 11.47 21.12 21.48 African Development Bank .. .. .. .. .. 0.09 0 0.02 African Development Fund -7.6 -0.21 -1.3 35.77 29.43 11.38 21.11 21.46 Islamic Development Bank -0.34 3.8 16.26 14.01 7.45 4.22 3.15 7.05 United Nations, Total 14.12 12.74 12.14 8.01 16.43 16.33 14.12 17.22 Annexes CLR Review 40 Independent Evaluation Group Food and Agriculture Organisation .. .. .. .. .. 0.37 .. .. International Atomic Energy Agency .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.03 0.03 IFAD -0.23 -0.8 -0.71 -3.7 1.98 4.58 1.95 1.78 International Labour Organisation .. .. .. .. 0.23 0.28 0.28 0.21 UNAIDS 0.3 0.32 0.43 0.38 0.35 0.47 0.37 0.5 UNDP 5.57 6.78 5.84 4.58 4.71 4.61 5.62 4.98 UNFPA 1.69 1.43 1.45 1.34 1.55 1.39 1.23 1.45 UNHCR 0.18 0.39 0.58 .. 2.52 .. .. 2.31 UNICEF 4.25 4.45 3.53 4.59 3.91 3.77 3.66 4.64 UNTA 0.49 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. WFP 1.87 0.17 1.02 0 .. 0.02 .. .. World Health Organisation .. .. .. 0.82 1.19 0.85 0.98 1.33 World Bank Group 47.57 6.25 7.93 55.86 36.94 30.76 40.37 26.01 World Bank, Total 47.57 6.25 7.93 55.86 36.94 30.76 40.37 26.01 International Bank for Reconstruction and .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Development International Development Association 47.57 6.25 7.93 55.86 36.94 30.76 40.37 26.01 International Finance Corporation .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Other Multilateral, Total 12.43 21.44 22.3 41.26 9.37 42.69 30.43 21.57 Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa 0.15 1.7 0.31 5.39 0.23 0.3 1.47 1.96 Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization 3.44 3.13 3.01 4.3 0.04 6.83 9.14 6.9 Global Environment Facility 0.07 .. 0.66 0.62 3.62 3.86 3.94 3.34 Global Fund 10.28 14.52 18.81 30.95 5.47 31.69 17.82 8.55 OPEC Fund for International Development -1.51 2.09 -0.49 .. .. .. -1.94 0.83 Non-DAC Countries, Total 1.25 0.9 0.76 0.37 3.47 5.93 -1.2 7.18 Azerbaijan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.01 Israel 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.17 0.04 0.06 0.01 Kuwait (KFAED) -0.67 .. .. .. 2.44 5.25 -1.81 6.78 Malta .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.01 .. Romania .. .. .. 0.01 .. 0.02 .. 0 Russia .. .. .. .. 0.01 .. .. .. Thailand .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.02 Turkey 0.01 .. 0.5 0.06 0.1 0.38 0.3 0.09 United Arab Emirates 1.86 0.85 0.21 0.28 0.75 0.24 0.24 0.26 Source: OECD Stat, [DAC2a] as of 4/19/17 Annexes CLR Review 41 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 11: Economic and Social Indicators for Togo, 2008 – 2015 Togo SSA World Series Name 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Average 2008-2015 Growth and Inflation GDP growth (annual %) 2.2 3.5 4.0 4.9 4.8 4.0 5.9 5.4 4.3 4.3 2.2 GDP per capita growth (annual %) (0.5) 0.7 1.2 2.1 2.0 1.2 3.1 2.6 1.6 1.5 1.0 GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) 1,020.0 1,040.0 1,050.0 1,070.0 1,110.0 1,130.0 1,270.0 1,330.0 1,127.5 3,188.3 13,766.4 GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) 400.0 440.0 450.0 460.0 480.0 500.0 550.0 540.0 477.5 1,462.9 9,983.6 (Millions) Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) 8.7 3.3 1.8 3.6 2.6 1.8 0.2 1.8 3.0 5.9 3.9 Poverty Data Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 .. .. .. 54.2 .. .. .. .. 54.2 44.1 14.0 PPP) (% of pop) Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines .. .. .. 58.7 .. .. .. 55.1 56.9 (% of pop) Rural poverty headcount ratio at national poverty .. .. .. 73.4 .. .. .. 68.7 71.1 lines (% of rural pop) Urban poverty headcount ratio at national poverty .. .. .. 34.6 .. .. .. 35.9 35.3 lines (% of urban pop) GINI index (World Bank estimate) .. .. .. 46.0 .. .. .. .. 46.0 Composition of GDP (%) Agriculture, value added (% of GDP) 40.7 32.9 31.0 30.8 42.6 39.7 42.0 40.7 37.5 18.6 3.9 Industry, value added (% of GDP) 18.2 24.9 24.9 22.8 19.1 19.0 19.3 18.7 20.8 27.6 28.4 Services, etc., value added (% of GDP) 41.1 51.1 52.3 53.7 39.0 41.3 38.8 40.7 44.7 53.9 67.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.0 16.0 18.0 17.4 24.1 24.5 23.8 25.5 20.4 19.9 23.5 Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) 0.9 2.4 1.8 1.4 10.4 4.9 4.7 (4.7) 2.7 19.3 24.8 External Accounts Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.5 36.7 40.2 39.4 46.7 52.7 44.5 42.2 42.2 31.2 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.9 52.3 57.3 56.3 60.5 72.3 62.9 67.6 60.2 32.3 29.1 Current account balance (% of GDP) (7.0) (5.6) (6.3) (8.0) (7.6) (13.9) (10.2) (11.3) -8.7 Annexes CLR Review 42 Independent Evaluation Group Togo SSA World Series Name 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Average 2008-2015 External debt stocks (% of GNI) 58.8 61.7 46.3 19.5 22.8 26.1 24.5 29.1 36.1 Total debt service (% of GNI) 7.0 1.9 1.3 0.5 0.7 1.5 1.4 1.6 2.0 1.7 Total reserves in months of imports 4.0 4.7 4.4 3.5 2.1 1.9 2.1 .. 3.2 5.2 13.4 Fiscal Accounts /1 General government revenue (% of GDP) 17.0 17.3 20.1 19.8 20.0 21.5 20.5 21.9 19.8 General government total expenditure (% of GDP) 17.9 21.2 22.5 26.2 26.4 26.7 27.3 30.8 24.9 General government net lending/borrowing (% of (0.9) (3.9) (2.5) (6.5) (6.4) (5.2) (6.8) (8.9) -5.1 GDP) General government gross debt (% of GDP) 96.0 85.8 48.8 42.4 44.7 56.4 65.2 75.6 64.4 Health Life expectancy at birth, total (years) 56.0 56.6 57.3 57.9 58.6 59.1 59.7 60.1 58.2 57.1 70.8 Immunization, DPT (% of children ages 12-23 81.0 78.0 83.0 85.0 84.0 84.0 87.0 88.0 83.8 72.6 84.6 months) Improved sanitation facilities (% of population with 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.5 28.6 65.6 access) Improved water source (% of population with 41.6 42.0 42.3 42.7 43.1 43.5 43.8 44.2 42.9 52.4 81.6 access) Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 62.5 60.9 59.3 57.9 56.5 55.0 53.6 52.3 57.3 63.1 35.7 Education School enrollment, preprimary (% gross) 4.7 7.2 7.3 9.2 10.7 13.7 15.0 17.5 10.7 18.6 39.8 School enrollment, primary (% gross) 111.5 125.9 128.4 125.9 128.5 128.7 125.1 121.8 124.5 97.3 105.3 School enrollment, secondary (% gross) .. .. .. 54.7 .. .. .. .. 54.7 40.4 72.1 Population Population, total (Millions) 6,052,937 6,219,761 6,390,851 6,566,179 6,745,581 6,928,719 7,115,163 7,304,578 6,665,471 912,129,475 7,050,208,548 Population growth (annual %) 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.8 1.2 Urban population (% of total) 36.6 37.1 37.5 38.0 38.5 39.0 39.5 40.0 38.3 36.0 52.2 Source: DDP as of 4/17/17 *International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, October 2016 Annexes CLR Review 43 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 12: List of IFC Investments in Togo Investments Committed in FY08-FY16 Project Cmt Project Primary Sector Greenfield Project Original Original Original Loan Equity Net Net Net ID FY Status Name Code Size Loan Equity CMT Cancel Cancel Loan Equity Comm Transportation 35886 2016 Active and G 11,224 10,979 - 10,979 - - 10,979 - 10,979 Warehousing Finance & 36234 2015 Active E 7,500 7,500 - 7,500 3,750 - 3,750 - 3,750 Insurance Finance & 34433 2014 Active E 7,500 26,811 - 26,811 - - 26,811 - 26,811 Insurance Transportation 29197 2011 Active and G 396,474 122,421 - 122,421 3,252 - 119,170 - 119,170 Warehousing 27849 2010 Active Electric Power G 14,000 8,500 5,500 14,000 - 259 14,000 5,241 13,741 Finance & 27514 2009 Active E 2,750 51,848 - 51,848 - - 51,848 - 51,848 Insurance Sub-Total 439,447 228,058 5,500 233,558 7,002 259 226,557 5,241 226,298 Investments Committed pre-FY08 but active during FY08-16 Project CMT Project Primary Sector Greenfield Project Original Original Original Loan Equity Net Net Net ID FY Status Name Code Size Loan Equity CMT Cancel Cancel Loan Equity Comm Sub-Total - - - - - - - - - TOTAL 439,447 228,058 5,500 233,558 7,002 259 226,557 5,241 226,298 Source: IFC-MIS Extract as of end July 31, 2017 Annexes CLR Review 44 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 13: List of IFC Advisory Services in Togo Advisory Services Approved in FY08-16 Impl Impl Primary Total Funds, Project ID Project Name Project Status Start FY End FY Business Line US$ 584067 Togo Investment Climate Reform Program 2013 2015 CLOSED TAC 716,098 593310 OHADA Implementation Component of Togo IC Program 2012 2016 TERMINATED IC 650,000 Sub-Total 1,366,098 Advisory Services Approved pre-FY08 but active during FY08-16 Impl Impl Primary Total Funds, Project ID Project Name Project Status Start FY End FY Business Line US$ None Sub-Total - TOTAL 1,366,098 Source: IFC AS Data as of 3-28-17 Annex Table 14: IFC net commitment activity in Togo, FY08 - FY16 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total Financial Markets - - - - - - - 7,500,000 (3,750,000) 3,750,000 Trade Finance (TF) - 4,995,000 6,641,653 5,430,946 7,688,905 8,930,814 9,840,457 16,517,116 18,048,826 78,093,717 Health, Education, Life Health 272,700 (258,840) (73,400) 87,500 (75,800) 19,480 (522,700) - - (551,060) Sciences Transportation Infrastructure - - - 123,041,750 (16,107,500) 760,331 3,045,473 (3,632,034) 11,029,167 118,137,186 & Warehousing Electric Power - - 14,000,000 - - (259,200) - - - 13,740,800 Total 272,700 4,736,160 20,568,253 128,560,196 (8,494,396) 9,451,426 12,363,230 20,385,082 25,327,992 213,170,644 Source: IFC MIS as of 4/20/17 Annexes CLR Review 45 Independent Evaluation Group Annex Table 15: List of MIGA Activities in Togo, 2008-2016 ID Contract Enterprise FY Project Status Sector Investor Max Gross Issuance Cotecna Inspection S.A. 6699 2011 Not Active Services Switzerland 4.6 Bureau de Liaison du Togo Total 4.6 Source: MIGA 4-19-17