Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment VOLUME III Federal Member State and Administrative Region Reports Front Cover: © IOM/Muse Mohammed Inside Cover: © IOM/Muse Mohammed Table of Contents Acknowledgments 2 List of Figures & Tables 3 Methodology 4 Introduction 5 Benadir 6 Overview and Pre-Drought Conditions 6 DINA Findings: Drought Impact 6 DINA Findings: Recovery Needs 8 DINA Field Visits and Consultations: Key Findings (Box) 9 Annex 1: Total Damages, Losses and Needs for Benadir 10 Annex 2: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Benadir 11 Galmudug 16 Overview and Pre-Drought Conditions 16 DINA Findings: Drought Impact 16 DINA Findings: Recovery Needs 18 DINA Field Visits and Consultations: Key Findings (Box) 19 Annex 3: Total Damages, Losses and Needs for Galmudug 20 Annex 4: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Galmudug 21 Hirshabelle 28 Overview and Pre-Drought Conditions 28 DINA Findings: Drought Impact 28 DINA Findings: Recovery Needs 30 DINA Field Visits and Consultations: Key Findings (Box) 31 Annex 5: Total Damages, Losses and Needs for Hirshabelle 32 Annex 6: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Hirshabelle 33 Jubaland 40 Overview and Pre-Drought Conditions 40 DINA Findings: Drought Impact 40 DINA Findings: Recovery Needs 42 DINA Field Visits and Consultations: Key Findings (Box) 43 Annex 7: Total Damages, Losses and Needs for Jubaland 44 Annex 8: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Jubaland 45 Puntland 52 Overview and Pre-Drought Conditions 52 DINA Findings: Drought Impact 52 DINA Findings: Recovery Needs 54 DINA Field Visits and Consultations: Key Findings (Box) 55 Annex 9: Total Damages, Losses and Needs for Puntland 56 Annex 10: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Puntland 57 Somaliland 64 Overview and Pre-Drought Conditions 64 DINA Findings: Drought Impact 64 DINA Findings: Recovery Needs 66 Annex 11: Total Damages, Losses and Needs for Somaliland 68 Annex 12: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Somaliland 69 South West State 76 Overview and Pre-Drought Conditions 76 DINA Findings: Drought Impact 76 DINA Findings: Recovery Needs 78 DINA Field Visits and Consultations: Key Findings (Box) 79 Annex 13: Total Damages, Losses and Needs for South West State 80 Annex 14: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for South West State 81 Acknowledgments The DINA was prepared under the overall leadership of the Ministry of Planning, Investment and Economic Development in partnership with the Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs & Disaster Management of the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS), the Federal Member States (FMS) and the Benadir Regional Administration. It was undertaken with strategic support from the World Bank Group, the United Nations and the European Union, within the framework of the 2008 Joint EU-UN-WB Declaration on Post-Crisis Assessments and Recovery Planning. Financial support has been provided by the European Union under the ACP-EU Natural Disaster Risk Reduction program implemented by the WB-led Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery. Ipsos provided remote sensing and survey support, and Courage Services, Inc. provided remote sensing services. More than 180 national and international experts from the FGS, FMS, the Benadir Regional Administration, the World Bank, the United Nations and the European Union worked intensively across 18 sector/cross-cutting teams to collect, validate and analyze data, conduct field visits to consult with sub-national authorities, international and national non- governmental organizations and civil society stakeholders, to determine recovery needs and identify interventions for medium-term recovery and long-term resilience. 2 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment List of Figures & Tables Figure 1: Distribution of Benadir Damages 6 Figure 2: Distribution of Benadir Losses 8 Figure 3: Distribution of Benadir Needs 8 Figure 4: Distribution of Galmudug Damages 16 Figure 5: Distribution of Galmudug Losses 18 Figure 6: Distribution of Galmudug Needs 18 Figure 7: Distribution of Hirshabelle Damages 30 Figure 8: Distribution of Hirshabelle Losses 30 Figure 9: Distribution of Hirshabelle Needs 31 Figure 10: Distribution of Jubaland Damages 40 Figure 11: Distribution of Jubaland Losses 42 Figure 12: Distribution of Jubaland Needs 42 Figure 13: Distribution of Puntland Damages 52 Figure 14: Distribution of Puntland Losses 54 Figure 15: Distribution of Puntland Needs 54 Figure 16: Distribution of Somaliland Damages 66 Figure 17: Distribution of Somaliland Losses 66 Figure 18: Distribution of Somaliland Needs 67 Figure 19: Distribution of South West State Damages 78 Figure 20: Distribution of South West State Losses 78 Figure 21: Distribution of South West State Needs 79 Table 1: Total Damages, Losses, and Needs for Benadir 10 Table 2: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Benadir 11 Table 3: Total Damages, Losses, and Needs for Galmudug 20 Table 4: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Galmudug 21 Table 5: Total Damages, Losses, and Needs for Hirshabelle 32 Table 6: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Hirshabelle 33 Table 7: Total Damages, Losses, and Needs for Jubaland 44 Table 8: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Jubaland 45 Table 9: Total Damages, Losses, and Needs for Puntland 56 Table 10: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Puntland 57 Table 11: Total Damages, Losses, and Needs for Somaliland 68 Table 12: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Somaliland 69 Table 13: Total Damages, Losses, and Needs for the South West State 80 Table 14: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for South West State 81 3 Methodology The Somalia Drought Impact and Needs Assessment (DINA) follows the standard Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) methodology developed by the UN System, World Bank and the European Union. This methodology incorporates a collection of analytical methods, tools and techniques developed for post-disaster assessments and recovery planning, ensuring sector-to-sector comparability and homogeneity in the definition of basic concepts of damages, losses and post- disaster recovery needs. The assessment builds on primary and secondary data related to damage and loss in the identified sectors, which are provided by FGS, FMS and development partners supporting the DINA. Damage and Loss Quantification: The effects of the drought on each sector have been assessed in terms of damages and losses. Damage is defined as total or partial destruction of physical assets existing in the affected area. Damages occur • during and immediately after the disaster and are measured in physical units (i.e., number of damaged boreholes, heads of livestock, hectares of land, etc.). Their monetary values are expressed as the replacement costs according to prices prevailing just before the event. Losses are defined as changes in economic flows arising from the disaster. They occur until full economic recovery • and reconstruction is achieved, in some cases lasting for several years, but for the purposes of this assessment, losses have been projected up through December 2017.Typical losses include: the disruption in the production and access to goods and services, disruption in governance, and losses associated with increased or changed risk (for example, in a drought/flood cycle, the increased poverty, malnutrition, livelihoods and welfare losses and less sustainability of life cycles of the affected population). Classification and Quantification of Recovery Needs: Recovery needs are the costs of recommended interventions and resources that include: the reconstruction needs estimated as the requirements for financing reconstruction, replacement or repair of the physical assets that were damaged or destroyed by the disaster; and recovery needs estimated on the basis of the financial resources required for the rehabilitation of basic services, reactivation of productive activities, or immediate reactivation of personal or household income. Recovery needs also include capacity building and operational costs for service delivery that are necessary for the implementation of interventions. Costing for recovery needs include differentials for building back better to consider quality improvements and DRR measures to be implemented to increase resilience against future disasters. For the purpose of this assessment, recovery needs are classified as short-term (Year 1); medium-term (Years 2-3); and long-term (Years 4+). Short-term recovery needs are distinct from emergency humanitarian needs. Rather than representing emergency lifesaving interventions, short-term recovery needs represent interventions of a developmental nature that need to be implemented in the short-term to have quicker results and impact on the overall recovery program. An example would be the immediate injection of capacity within the Government to lead and coordinate the recovery efforts. Recovery needs, especially in the case of a slow-onset disaster, are typically and logically valued less than damages and losses, as the largest needs are represented in the humanitarian phase that can continue for an extended period of time. In addition, the cost of inputs required for recovery (such as livestock treatment or seeds) are typically less than the value of outputs lost due to drought (such as cattle mortality decreasing income from export, or crop failure decreasing the volume available for sale). Data Collection and Validation: When compiling the preliminary findings for the Federal Member States (FMS) and the Benadir Regional Administration (BRA), the DINA team utilized secondary data from various sources and international partners such as UNOCHA, UNDP, FAO and the World Bank, as well as primary data from remote sensing analytics and household surveys. Data was analyzed by sector specialists to determine each sector’s damages, losses, and needs estimates. The data was then disaggregated by pre-war region and aggregated by FMS and BRA. The Ministry of Planning, Investment and Economic Development (MoPIED) and UN colleagues coordinated field visits to five Federal Member States: Galmudug, Hirshabelle, Jubaland, Puntland and South West, and consultations with Benadir Regional Administration authorities. The visits comprised consultations with state-level line ministries, UN agencies operational in the states, and representatives of civil society regarding data collection, needs assessment and recovery strategies. 4 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment Introduction The latest in a cycle of devastating protracted dry spells over the last 25 years, the current drought and the resulting humanitarian emergency have worsened existing humanitarian and development challenges in Somalia. Decades of insecurity, political instability, drought and food insecurity have disrupted desperately needed services, devastated human capital and physical infrastructure, and contributed to systematic impoverishment and displacement of the population. The ongoing 2016-17 drought has plunged the majority of the population into food insecurity. At the peak of the drought, an estimated 6.7 million people – more than half of the population – were acutely food insecure and in need of humanitarian assistance.1 The below average rainfall has resulted in a significant depletion of water resources for agricultural consumption, and livestock body conditions have deteriorated substantially. Food insecurity and scarcity of drinking water, coupled with displacement, has contributed to a stark rise in malnutrition and water-borne disease. The impact of drought on the Somali people is informed by an interrelated set of factors that include the environment, governance, conflict, displacement and poverty. This confluence of factors has created an exceedingly complex crisis in the Horn of Africa, and it demands an equally complex analysis of the underlying drivers of drought, their impact on the Somali people and the strategies that can pave the way toward recovery and resilience. The Somalia Drought Impact and Needs Assessment (DINA), a process led by the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) and Federal Member States (FMS), with technical and financial support by the World Bank (WB), United Nations (UN) and European Union (EU), aims to reduce the country’s vulnerability to climate shocks, strengthen resilience and significantly reduce the future risk of famine in Somalia. Volume III of the DINA presents a breakdown of overall damages, losses and recovery needs by FMS and BRA, as well as sector-specific disaggregation of data. The FMS-level annexes serve an important purpose in capturing state-level needs, which will in turn inform the development of the Recovery and Resilience Framework (RRF) to operationalize the findings of the DINA. The state-level findings have been validated by the FMS/BRA through a process of engagement and consensus-building. Each report presents: • An overview of pre-drought conditions • The drought impact • Key findings from field visits and consultations • The drought recovery needs 1 UNOCHA. 2017. Somali: Humanitarian Dashboard – July 2017.  5 Benadir Overview and Pre-Drought Conditions DINA Findings: Drought Impact3 The Benadir Regional Administration (BRA) contains With damages amounting to USD 3.4 million and losses Somalia’s capital city of Mogadishu. Benadir is centrally estimated at USD 6.3 million, the total effects of the located and served by the largest port and airport in drought on Benadir are expected to exceed USD 9.8 the Somali peninsula. Benadir has the potential to be a million. There are no damages or losses reported in the logistical hub for the entire Horn of Africa as it is home productive sector (Irrigated & Rain-fed Crops, Livestock to a number of financial institutions and is the first port of and Fisheries), while the physical (Water & Sanitation, call for international shipping. Benadir has the potential Environment and Transport), social (Health, Nutrition to establish strong trading bodies for the import and and Education), and cross-cutting themes make up export of goods, as well as continued refurbishment and 53.2 percent, 20.2 percent, and 26.6 percent of the total expansion of logistical networks to develop the region’s effects, respectively. The three most affected sectors potential as a trade and services center, increasing the are Environment & Natural Resource Management, share of these services as part of the region‘s economic Livelihoods & Employment, and Water Supply & activity.2 Benadir is the main financial resource for the Sanitation, comprising 33.1 percent, 26.6 percent, Federal Government of Somalia through tax collection and 20.1 percent of the total effects, respectively. A from the port and the airport, as well as levies collected breakdown of damages and losses4 for Benadir can be from homeowners and businesses. found below: 2 F  ederal Government of Somalia. 2016. National Development Plan (2017-2019). 3 Unlike assessments following rapid onset disasters, drought assessments typically show larger economic losses than physical damages since  the drought impact is predominantly felt in economic terms rather than physical impact. The combined damages and losses in turn are typically greater than the recovery needs, particularly in the case of Somalia where many of the biggest immediate needs in food security, nutrition and social protection are covered by the HRP and not the DINA. In addition, the cost of inputs required for recovery is typically less than the value of outputs lost due to drought. 4 Damages are defined as total or partial destruction of physical assets existing in the affected area. Damages occur during and immediately  after the disaster. Their monetary values are expressed as the replacement costs according to prices prevailing just before the event. Losses are defined as changes in economic flows arising from the disaster. They occur until full economic recovery and reconstruction is achieved, in some cases lasting for several years, but for the purposes of this assessment, losses have been projected up to January 2018. Typical losses include the decline in output in productive sectors (agriculture, livestock, and fisheries). 6 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment 7 © UNSOM DINA Findings: Recovery Needs Total recovery needs are estimated at USD 174.4 million. Of the sectors, Urban Development and Municipal Services makes up a majority (65.8 percent) of the total needs. Some of the other sectors, ranked in terms of needs, are Nutrition (10.7 percent), Water Supply and Sanitation (5.8 percent), Education (5.2 percent), and Environment and Natural Resource Management (5.3 percent). Somalia 8 | |Somalia Drought Drought Impact Impact&& Needs Needs Assessment Assessment DINA Field Visits and Consultations: Key Findings The Benadir Regional Administration comprises the capital of Somalia, Mogadishu, and is the second fastest growing city in the world, creating unique needs for the region. The following sectors have been prioritized in terms of needs in the Benadir region: Agriculture – Fisheries: Provision of fishing kits and the development of fish landing sites are a pressing need. The development of the dried fish industry as well as cold storage facilities are required. Water Supply and Sanitation: Sustained, accessible and affordable, clean potable water is needed for all households and IDP camps/shelters. Water testing kits are required for water quality testing, for both drinking water and fishing. Transport: Most roads in the area have been damaged due to conflict and lack of maintenance. Flooding and water-borne diseases are rampant due to insufficient drainage. Therefore, roads and drainage systems need rehabilitation. Provision of vehicles for public and emergency transport services also needs to be considered. Environment, Clean Energy and Natural Resource Management: Pollution is an issue due to the use of charcoal for cooking, and the widespread burning of garbage. More solar and wind turbines are required to provide renewable energy. A more sustainable garbage disposal system also needs to be established. Health: At least two new hospitals are required to serve Mogadishu’s growing population. Mobile clinics are also needed. Education: The rehabilitation and reconstruction of schools are required, along with textbooks and school nutritional programs. Mobile schooling is a need for IDP settlements and for areas that do not have functional schools. The following cross-cutting issues also need to be considered: very high rates of youth unemployment require more job creation in terms of promoting small industries and micro-finance programs. Furthermore, the large numbers of IDPs are straining already scarce government services and resources and, therefore, require livelihood, education, employment and health assistance. Drought-mitigating factors need to be considered, especially in the areas of food security and self-reliance for the region. In terms of governance, reconciliation structures and processes need to be promoted. Consultative processes are required to explore the status of Benadir and nature of representation in the system of government moving forward. © UNDP Somalia Benadir | 9 Annex 1: Total Damages, Losses and Needs for Benadir5 Table 1: Total Damages, Losses, and Needs for Benadir Cost (USD) Damages Losses Needs Productive Sectors Agriculture - Irrigated and Rain-fed Crops - - - Agriculture - Livestock - - - Agriculture - Fisheries - - - Productive Sectors Total - - - Physical Sectors Water Supply & Sanitation 823,000 1,137,812 10,041,000 Transport - - 266,667 Environment & Natural Resource Management 2,617,747 611,275 9,214,084 Physical Sectors Total 3,440,747 1,749,087 19,521,751 Social Sectors Health - 1,416,994 4,562,929 Nutrition - 557,113 18,656,197 Education - - 9,157,322 Social Sectors Total - 1,974,107 32,376,447 Cross-cutting Issues Urban Development & Municipal Services - - 114,820,536 Social Protection & Safety Nets - - 732,389 Food Security - - 1,408,889 Livelihoods & Employment - 2,590,120 1,227,778 Gender - - 2,455,556 Governance - - - Conflict - - - Displacement - - 1,444,444 Disaster Risk Reduction, Risk Financing and - - 277,778 Drought Resilience (DRR) Macro Impact - - 194,444 Cross-cutting Issues Total - 2,590,120 122,561,814 Grand Total 3,440,747 6,313,315 174,460,011 5 Governance needs are pending a determination of functional assignments within Government on drought recovery.  10 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment Annex 2: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Benadir Table 2: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Benadir DAMAGES COST (USD) Water Supply & Sanitation Boreholes 760,000 Shallow Wells 63,000 Total 823,000 Environment & Natural Resource Management Xeric shrublands and grasslands desiccated 208,782 Tree cover loss in montane xeric woodlands 2,301,000 Soils eroded (wind erosion, tons) 3,728 Loss of soil fertility and associated functions 31,317 Reduction in yields of cereals and legumes 3,107 Trees lost as a result of increased charcoal production 69,813 Total 2,617,747 LOSSES COST (USD) Water Supply & Sanitation Additional cost of water sold from Boreholes 1,035,920 Supplementation cost of water from dried, free sources 101,892 Total 1,137,812 Environment & Natural Resource Management Xeric shrublands and grasslands desiccated 289,975 Tree cover loss in montane xeric woodlands 255,667 Soils eroded (wind erosion, tons) 7,457 Trees lost as a result of increased charcoal production 58,177 Total 611,275 Health Increased Incidence of Cholera 159,785 Increased Primary-basic Healthcare costs 1,158,434 Increased Incidence of Measles 98,776 Total 1,416,994 Nutrition Increased Cost of treating General Acute Malnutrition 397,853 Increased Cost of treating Severe Acute Malnutrition 159,260 Total 557,113 Livelihoods & Employment Transporters 1,163,160 Petty Traders 363,280 Benadir | 11 Milk Traders 1,057,532 Skins and Hides 6,148 Total 2,590,120 NEEDS COST (USD) Water Supply & Sanitation Construction of new Boreholes 4,277,778 Rehabilitation of Boreholes 844,444 Construction of new Shallow wells 107,500 Rehabilitation of Shallow wells 121,333 Construction of new Berkads 11,278 Rehabilitation of Berkads 12,000 Urban/Rural sanitation (drainage, sewage, and solid waste management) 2,777,778 Institutional strengthening and Capacity building 1,888,889 Total 10,041,000 Transport Construction and Rehabilitation of Roads 266,667 Total 266,667 Environment & Natural Resource Management Immediate capacity building of government forest rangers 111,111 Immediate re-seeding of selected rangelands with fast-growing grass species 277,778 Setting up germplasm mother blocks (seed production zones for indigenous 277,778 fruit tree species) Improvement of energy efficiency of existing charcoal carbonization and kilning systems 444,444 Scaling up evergreen agriculture by integrating with trees-on-farm agroforestry 666,667 systems and ISFM Development of legislation to support zoning of wildlife parks, migratory corridors 55,556 Training forest end users on sustainable extractive techniques for NWFPs 277,778 Technical capacity improvement of Somali government - remote sensing, GIS, national lab 222,222 Capital expenditure costs for setting up LPG plant in Mogadishu and Bossaso 6,000,000 Rehabilitation of selected gullies and other severely degraded ecosystems 444,444 Promoting wide-scale adoption of low-cost integrated soil fertility management 166,667 (ISFM) for improving soil resources Assisting the Somali government with the development of a biomass energy policy 166,667 Develop a Power Master Plan 47,417 Cross Border Electrification and Interconnector Study 55,556 Total 9,214,084 12 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment Health Engaging the public in promotion of health, hygiene and safe drinking water, sanitation, 228,788 environmental hygiene, food safety, and safe waste disposal Promoting food-borne diseases laboratory-based surveillance by developing food safety 228,788 guidelines and interventions Introducing standardized rapid diagnostic technologies for prevalent 137,273 communicable diseases Active disease surveillance and early warning system 228,788 Prepositioning medical supplies and kits to undertake coordinated rapid response 228,788 Establishing an effective health information system that provides accurate and timely health 137,273 data for evidence planning and implementation supported by monitoring and evaluation Increasing cholera treatment centers in all regions 457,576 Promoting participation in improving public health at community level 228,788 Ensure availability of essential medicines, vaccines, and commodities 1,222,621 Establishing emergency response services 228,788 Ensuring immunization of all children and pregnant women against the major 457,576 child killer diseases Deploying more health care workers that are competent on tasks and treat patients with 320,303 dignity, respect, and compassion Supporting fixed and mobile clinics 457,576 Total 4,562,929 Nutrition Surveillance and M&E operations 1,865,620 Mobile clinic and Nutrition rehabilitation vans 3,731,239 Vitamin A Supplementation 279,843 People living with HIV and AIDS 373,124 Deworming 279,843 Capacity building 2,798,430 Procurement of material and rehabilitation 3,731,239 Health promotion and community mobilization 1,865,620 Implementation and operational support 3,731,239 Total 18,656,197 Education Learning spaces 4,030,000 Teachers 2,704,800 Learning materials/ kits 911,272 CEC structures to be supported 604,500 Data Tracking Costs 906,750 Total 9,157,322 Benadir | 13 Urban Development & Municipal Services Shelter 39,775,500 Education 11,603,810 Health 730,319 Water and Sanitation 3,212,387 Jobs 57,998,520 Institutional Strengthening 1,500,000 Total 114,820,536 Social Protection & Safety Nets Injection of minimum capacity in MoHADM and MoPIED 9,333 Social Protection Policy and Framework, Vulnerability Analysis, Capacity Development 84,167 of Government, Communication Strategy Database Inventory and Analysis 5,556 Design of pilot incl. registry, targeting methodology, transfer systems, monitoring systems, 277,778 grievance mechanism, vetting Pilot of system in select geographic areas (incl. urban and rural) targeting 100,000 355,556 Total 732,389 Food Security Improved food storage to reduce waste 1,111,111 Improved food security early warning systems 277,778 Support for the development of a national food security strategy 6,667 Support for the development of a national poverty reduction strategy 13,333 Total 1,408,889 Livelihoods & Employment Support to Women and Youth to engage in the renewable energy sector 1,111,111 Support to Govt. Institutions to improve and/or establish Labor Market Information Services 105,556 Support To FGS and Federal State Govts to coordinate the E&L sector 11,111 Total 1,227,778 Gender & Social Inclusion Implementation of sex, age disaggregated data (SADD) and gender analysis tools 238,889 Gender-responsive governance and promote women's participation and leadership 244,444 Promote gender equality in disaster risk reduction 194,444 Women sustainable economic and livelihoods development 1,583,333 Gender based Violence (GBV) and targeted responses 194,444 Total 2,455,556 Governance Total TBD Displacement & Migration 14 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment Collection of sex and age disaggregated profile data of displaced and returning 111,111 populations Monitoring costs (social cohesion, displacement movements, etc.) 27,778 IDP personal identity documentation and civil registration 55,556 Capacity building of state and local authorities to promote recovery and resilience of IDP 55,556 populations Support Community-based participatory planning processes 111,111 Support for the participation in civic life, dispute resolution and peaceful co-existence in 55,556 displacement affected areas. Promoting land tenure security through improved policies and frameworks, including 27,778 improved land use planning Development and adoption of federal policy on internal displacement and reintegration of 27,778 returnees Assessment of conditions for safe return through area-based solutions analysis 27,778 Collect population profile data on remote/rural 55,556 Skills development and livelihoods restoration 666,667 Support for market access and strengthened value chains for partial returns (including 55,556 those with family member remaining in urban areas) Support the establishment and strengthening of local authorities 55,556 Communication and sensitization to support re/integration of IDPs and to enable 55,556 participation in civic life, dispute resolution and peaceful co-existence. Establish/strengthen transparent dispute resolution mechanism to manage land disputes 55,556 Total 1,444,444 DRR DRM Policy, Legislation and Institutional Harmonization 23,611 Capacity building of National DRM institutions 87,500 Early warning and information management system. 118,056 Drought Management system 48,611 Total 277,778 Macro Impact Mobile money for drought response 111,111 Regulatory support for the ICT Sector 22,222 Developing a National ID system 5,556 Financial Services 55,556 Total 194,444 Benadir | 15 Galmudug Overview and Pre-Drought Conditions DINA Findings7: Drought Impact8 The state of Galmudug comprises the Galgaduud region With damages amounting to USD 127 million and losses and the southern portion of the Mudug region, with the estimated at USD 269 million, the total effects of the regional capital located in Dhusamareb. The largest city drought in Galmudug are expected to exceed USD is Galkayo, which is jointly administered by Galmudug 395 million. The productive sector (Irrigated & Rain-fed and Puntland. Crops, Livestock and Fisheries) accounts for 60.1 percent of all the effects, while the physical (Water & Sanitation, Galmudug is one of the newest formed states located in Environment and Transport), social (Health, Nutrition the center of Somalia and has the potential to expand and Education), and cross-cutting themes make up 37.8 and develop a strong livestock exportation industry with percent, 1.1 percent, and 1 percent, respectively. The two focus on sustainable range management, exploitation most affected sectors are Livestock, and Environment & of subsurface water resources and development of Natural Resource Management, comprising 58.3 percent standardized market facilities. Additionally, Galmudug and 35.4 percent of the total effects, respectively. A has untapped mineral deposits, such as meerschaum, breakdown of damages and losses9 for Galmudug can fluorspar, and uranium deposits, that are expected to be be found below: second in richness only to those found in Australia.6 6 Federal Government of Somalia. 2016. National Development Plan (2017-2019). 7 This report is based on regionally disaggregated data for Galgaduud region and the southern half of Muduug region. The inclusion or exclusion of  regions in a given FMS does not imply any judgment on the part of the authors of this report on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. 8 Unlike assessments following rapid onset disasters, drought assessments typically show larger economic losses than physical damages since the  drought impact is predominantly felt in economic terms rather than physical impact. The combined damages and losses in turn are typically greater than the recovery needs, particularly in the case of Somalia where many of the biggest immediate needs in food security, nutrition and social protection are covered by the HRP and not the DINA. In addition, the cost of inputs required for recovery is typically less than the value of outputs lost due to drought. 9  Damages are defined as total or partial destruction of physical assets existing in the affected area. Damages occur during and immediately after the disaster. Their monetary values are expressed as the replacement costs according to prices prevailing just before the event. Losses are defined as changes in economic flows arising from the disaster. They occur until full economic recovery and reconstruction is achieved, in some cases lasting for several years, but for the purposes of this assessment, losses have been projected up to January 2018. Typical losses include the decline in output in productive sectors (agriculture, livestock, and fisheries). 16 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment © UNDP Somalia/Dreamcatcher 17 DINA Findings: Recovery Needs Total recovery needs are estimated at USD 78.4 million. Of the sectors, Water Supply & Sanitation have the most needs, representing 19.2 percent of total needs, followed by Nutrition (14.2 percent), Irrigated and Rain-fed Crops (12.9 percent), Livestock (12.4 percent), and Health (8.7 percent). Somalia 18 | |Somalia Drought Drought Impact Impact&& Needs Needs Assessment Assessment © UNDP Somalia DINA Field Visits and Consultations: Key Findings The Ministry of Planning, Investment and Economic Development (MoPIED) and UN colleagues coordinated a field visit to Adado to undertake consultations with state-level line ministries, UN agencies operational in the state, and civil society representatives, regarding data collection, needs assessment and recovery strategies. Based on these consultations, the following sectors in Galmudug State were identified as having been severely affected by the drought: Agriculture – Livestock: Livestock is the main source of income and food in the state. More than six out of 10 of the livestock population was lost during the drought. The absence of pasture and fodder has been identified as the main reason for damages and losses in this sector. The introduction of drought-resilient pasture has been identified as a need in the state. The establishment of sufficient water sources and water catchments is also a necessary intervention. Education: 25 out of 125 education centers were closed due to the drought. The pre-drought enrollment numbers were estimated at 27,156 students, and 18 percent of this has been estimated to have dropped out due to the drought. Of this 10 percent were boys and 9 percent girls. The impact of the drought, urban migration, conflict, and the absence of school feeding programs were identified as main factors for the drop-outs. Galmudug | 19 Annex 3: Total Damages, Losses and Needs for Galmudug10 Table 3: Total Damages, Losses, and Needs for Galmudug Cost (USD) Damages Losses Needs Productive Sectors Agriculture - Irrigated and Rain-fed Crops - 7,223,511 10,147,059 Agriculture - Livestock 48,431,532 182,061,475 9,749,471 Agriculture - Fisheries - - - Productive Sectors Total 48,431,532 189,284,986 19,896,529 Physical Sectors Water Supply & Sanitation 7,718,500 1,706,718 15,061,500 Transport - - 5,675,000 Environment & Natural Resource Management 70,563,492 69,595,035 4,821,126 Physical Sectors Total 78,281,992 71,301,753 25,557,626 Social Sectors Health - 3,863,894 6,844,393 Nutrition - 342,019 11,122,204 Education - - 3,364,183 Social Sectors Total - 4,205,914 21,330,780 Cross-cutting Issues Urban Development & Municipal Services - - - Social Protection & Safety Nets - - 1,098,583 Food Security - - 2,113,333 Livelihoods & Employment - 3,885,181 1,841,667 Gender - - 3,683,333 Governance - - - Conflict - - - Displacement - - 2,166,667 Disaster Risk Reduction, Risk Financing and - - 416,667 Drought Resilience (DRR) Macro Impact - - 291,667 Cross-cutting Issues Total - 3,885,181 11,611,917 Grand Total 126,713,524 268,677,833 78,396,852 10 Governance needs are pending a determination of functional assignments within Government on drought recovery.  20 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment Annex 4: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Galmudug Table 4: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Galmudug DAMAGES COST (USD) Agriculture - Livestock Camels 25,845,261 Sheep and Goats 22,586,272 Total 48,431,532 Water Supply & Sanitation Boreholes 6,950,000 Shallow Wells 581,500 Berkads 187,000 Total 7,718,500 Environment & Natural Resource Management Xeric shrublands and grasslands desiccated 29,304,000 Tree cover loss in montane xeric woodlands 3,451,500 Expansion of land colonized by Prosopis juliflora 18,000 Soils eroded (wind erosion, tons) 175,500 Loss of soil fertility and associated functions 4,395,600 Reduction in yields of cereals and legumes 146,250 Trees lost as a result of increased charcoal production 33,072,642 Total 70,563,492 LOSSES COST (USD) Agriculture - Irrigated and Rain-fed Crops Cowpeas 3,366,833 Sorghum 99,267 Papaya 547,851 Tomatoes 3,176,226 Onions 33,333 Total 7,223,511 Agriculture - Livestock Camel Milk 73,423,510 Cow Milk 735,060 Sheep and Goat Milk 11,289,397 Camel Live Weight/Value 53,068,935 Cattle Live Weight/Value 329,507 Sheep and Goat Live Weight/Value 43,215,066 Total 182,061,475 Galmudug | 21 Water Supply & Sanitation Additional cost of water sold from Boreholes 1,553,880 Supplementation cost of water from dried, free sources 152,838 Total 1,706,718 Environment & Natural Resource Management Xeric shrublands and grasslands desiccated 40,700,000 Tree cover loss in montane xeric woodlands 383,500 Expansion of land colonized by Prosopis juliflora 600,000 Soils eroded (wind erosion, tons) 351,000 Trees lost as a result of increased charcoal production 27,560,535 Total 69,595,035 Health Increased Incidence of Cholera 125,419 Increased Primary-basic Healthcare costs 3,711,713 Increased Incidence of Measles 26,762 Total 3,863,894 Nutrition Increased Cost of treating General Acute Malnutrition 282,802 Increased Cost of treating Severe Acute Malnutrition 59,218 Total 342,019 Livelihoods & Employment Transporters 1,744,740 Petty Traders 544,920 Milk Traders 1,586,298 Skins and Hides 9,222 Total 3,885,181 NEEDS COST (USD) Agriculture - Irrigated and rain-fed Crops Water and watershed management 10,147,059 Total 10,147,059 Agriculture - Livestock Veterinary services development 7,477,412 Feed development 352,941 Restocking with focus in southcentral regions 529,412 Rehabilitation of livestock water infrastructures 352,941 Rangeland management 441,176 Capacity Development 176,471 Poultry Production 110,294 Bee keeping 88,235 22 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment Genetic research and breeding 220,588 Total 9,749,471 Water Supply & Sanitation Construction of new Boreholes 6,416,667 Rehabilitation of Boreholes 1,266,667 Construction of new Shallow wells 161,250 Rehabilitation of Shallow wells 182,000 Construction of new Berkads 16,917 Rehabilitation of Berkads 18,000 Urban/Rural sanitation (drainage, sewage, and solid waste management) 4,166,667 Institutional strengthening and Capacity building 2,833,333 Total 15,061,500 Transport Construction and Rehabilitation of Roads 5,675,000 Total 5,675,000 Environment & Natural Resource Management Immediate capacity building of government forest rangers 166,667 Immediate re-seeding of selected rangelands with fast-growing grass species 416,667 Setting up germplasm mother blocks (seed production zones for indigenous fruit 416,667 tree species) Improvement of energy efficiency of existing charcoal carbonization and kilning systems 666,667 Scaling up evergreen agriculture by integrating with trees-on-farm agroforestry 1,000,000 systems and ISFM Development of legislation to support zoning of wildlife parks, migratory corridors 83,333 Training forest end users on sustainable extractive techniques for NWFPs 416,667 Technical capacity improvement of Somali government - remote sensing, GIS, national lab 333,333 Rehabilitation of selected gullies and other severely degraded ecosystems 666,667 Promoting wide-scale adoption of low-cost integrated soil fertility management 250,000 (ISFM) for improving soil resources Assisting the Somali government with the development of a biomass energy policy 250,000 Develop a Power Master Plan 71,126 Cross Border Electrification and Interconnector Study 83,333 Total 4,821,126 Health Engaging the public in promotion of health, hygiene and safe drinking water, sanitation, 343,182 environmental hygiene, food safety, and safe waste disposal Promoting food-borne diseases laboratory-based surveillance by developing food safety 343,182 guidelines and interventions Introducing standardized rapid diagnostic technologies for prevalent 205,909 communicable diseases Active disease surveillance and early warning system 343,182 Galmudug | 23 Prepositioning medical supplies and kits to undertake coordinated rapid response 343,182 Establishing an effective health information system that provides accurate and timely health 205,909 data for evidence planning and implementation supported by monitoring and evaluation Increasing cholera treatment centers in all regions 686,365 Promoting participation in improving public health at community level 343,182 Ensure availability of essential medicines, vaccines, and commodities 1,833,932 Establishing emergency response services 343,182 Ensuring immunization of all children and pregnant women against the 686,365 major child killer diseases Deploying more health care workers that are competent on tasks and treat patients 480,455 with dignity, respect, and compassion Supporting fixed and mobile clinics 686,365 Total 6,844,393 Nutrition Surveillance and M&E operations 1,112,220 Mobile clinic and Nutrition rehabilitation vans 2,224,441 Vitamin A Supplementation 166,833 People living with HIV and AIDS 222,444 Deworming 166,833 Capacity building 1,668,331 Procurement of material and rehabilitation 2,224,441 Health promotion and community mobilization 1,112,220 Implementation and operational support 2,224,441 Total 11,122,204 Education Learning spaces 1,480,000 Teachers 995,400 Learning materials/ kits 333,783 CEC structures to be supported 222,000 Data Tracking Costs 333,000 Total 3,364,183 Social Protection & Safety Nets Injection of minimum capacity in MoHADM and MoPIED 14,000 Social Protection Policy and Framework, Vulnerability Analysis, Capacity 126,250 Development of Government, Communication Strategy Database Inventory and Analysis 8,333 Design of pilot incl. registry, targeting methodology, transfer systems, monitoring systems, 416,667 grievance mechanism, vetting Pilot of system in select geographic areas (incl. urban and rural) targeting 100,000 533,333 Total 1,098,583 24 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment Food Security Improved food storage to reduce waste 1,666,667 Improved food security early warning systems 416,667 Support for the development of a national food security strategy 10,000 Support for the development of a national poverty reduction strategy 20,000 Total Needs 2,113,333 Livelihoods & Employment Support to Women and Youth to engage in the renewable energy sector 1,666,667 Support to Govt. Institutions to improve and/or establish Labor Market 158,333 Information Services Support to FGS and Federal State Govts to coordinate the E&L sector 16,667 Total 1,841,667 Gender & Social Inclusion Implementation of sex, age disaggregated data (SADD) and gender analysis tools 358,333 Gender-responsive governance and promote women's participation and leadership 366,667 Promote gender equality in disaster risk reduction 291,667 Women sustainable economic and livelihoods development 2,375,000 Gender based Violence (GBV) and targeted responses 291,667 Total 3,683,333 Governance Total TBD Displacement & Migration Collection of sex and age disaggregated profile data of displaced and 166,667 returning populations Monitoring costs (social cohesion, displacement movements, etc.) 41,667 IDP personal identity documentation and civil registration 83,333 Capacity building of state and local authorities to promote recovery and resilience 83,333 of IDP populations Support Community-based participatory planning processes 166,667 Support for the participation in civic life, dispute resolution and peaceful co-existence 83,333 in displacement affected areas. Promoting land tenure security through improved policies and frameworks, 41,667 including improved land use planning Development and adoption of federal policy on internal displacement and 41,667 reintegration of returnees Assessment of conditions for safe return through area-based solutions analysis 41,667 Collect population profile data on remote/rural 83,333 Skills development and livelihoods restoration 1,000,000 Support for market access and strengthened value chains for partial returns 83,333 (including those with family member remaining in urban areas) Support the establishment and strengthening of local authorities 83,333 Galmudug | 25 Communication and sensitization to support re/integration of IDPs and to enable 83,333 participation in civic life, dispute resolution and peaceful co-existence. Establish/strengthen transparent dispute resolution mechanism to manage land disputes 83,333 Total 2,166,667 DRR DRM Policy, Legislation and Institutional Harmonization 35,417 Capacity building of National DRM institutions 131,250 Early warning and information management system. 177,083 Drought Management system 72,917 Total 416,667 Macro Impact Mobile money for drought response 166,667 Regulatory support for the ICT Sector 33,333 Developing a National ID system 8,333 Financial Services 83,333 Total 291,667 26 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment © UNICEF Somalia/Susannah 27 Price Hirshabelle Overview and Pre-Drought Conditions including fruits, wheat, barley, rice, sugarcane and cotton. The livestock industry benefits from a variety of Hirshabelle State is comprised of the Hiiraan and Middle livestock as well as fodder and water. Shabelle regions. The capital of the state is Jowhar. Historically, the Hiiraan and Middle Shabelle areas DINA Findings12: Drought Impact13 served as the breadbasket for Somalia.11 Hirshabelle benefits from three elements: the Shabelle River running With damages amounting to USD 78 million and losses the length of the state, geographical access to the large estimated at USD 195 million, the total effects of the markets of Mogadishu and Ethiopia, and a long coastline drought in Hirshabelle are expected to exceed USD with well-established artisanal fishing communities. 273 million. The productive sector (Irrigated & Rain-fed Hirshabelle has the capacity for the development of large Crops, Livestock and Fisheries) accounts for 59.1 percent irrigated agricultural projects and the rehabilitation and of all the effects, while the physical (Water & Sanitation, re-establishment of factories such as the Jowhar sugar Environment and Transport), social (Health, Nutrition factory and the Balcad clothes factory that produced and Education), and cross-cutting themes make up 36.9 tertiary products from the local production of sugar percent, 2.1 percent, and 1.9 percent, respectively. The and cotton. two most affected sectors are Livestock and Environment & Natural Resource Management, comprising 46.9 Due to the Shabelle River, the land across Hirshabelle percent and 36 percent of the total effects, respectively. is typically fertile in non-drought conditions and can A breakdown of damages and losses14 for Hirshabelle be used to produce a range of agricultural produce can be found on page 30. 11 F  ederal Government of Somalia. 2016. National Development Plan (2017-2019). 12 This report is based on regionally disaggregated data for Hiraan and Middle Shabelle regions.  13 Unlike assessments following rapid onset disasters, drought assessments typically show larger economic losses than physical damages since the  drought impact is predominantly felt in economic terms rather than physical impact. The combined damages and losses in turn are typically greater than the recovery needs, particularly in the case of Somalia where many of the biggest immediate needs in food security, nutrition and social protection are covered by the HRP and not the DINA. In addition, the cost of inputs required for recovery is typically less than the value of outputs lost due to drought. 14  Damages are defined as total or partial destruction of physical assets existing in the affected area. Damages occur during and immediately after the disaster. Their monetary values are expressed as the replacement costs according to prices prevailing just before the event. Losses are defined as changes in economic flows arising from the disaster. They occur until full economic recovery and reconstruction is achieved, in some cases lasting for several years, but for the purposes of this assessment, losses have been projected up to January 2018. Typical losses include the decline in output in productive sectors (agriculture, livestock, and fisheries). 28 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment UNDP Somalia © 29 DINA Findings: Recovery Needs Total recovery needs are estimated at USD 141.6 million. Sectors showing the greatest needs include Irrigated and Rain-fed Crops (45.3 percent of total needs), Water Supply and Sanitation (14.2 percent), Livestock (9.2 percent), Health (6.4 percent), and Nutrition (6.1 percent). Somalia 30 | |Somalia Drought Drought Impact Impact&& Needs Needs Assessment Assessment DINA Field Visits and Consultations: Key Findings The Ministry of Planning, Investment and Economic Development (MoPIED) and UN colleagues coordinated a field visit to Jowhar to undertake consultations with state-level line ministries, UN agencies operational in the state, and civil society representatives regarding data collection, needs assessment and recovery strategies. Based on these consultations, the following sectors were identified as key priorities for recovery and resilience in Hirshabelle State: Agriculture – Crops: Farmers in the region do not have sufficient understanding of moderate farming and market requirement standards. Considering this, comprehensive capacity development programs are needed on moderate farming techniques and markets. Agriculture - Livestock: An animal feeding “grass farming” project is recommended for livestock feeding. Re-stocking and donation of animals to vulnerable communities is also recommended. Transport: Inadequate road infrastructure needs to be addressed through road construction and rehabilitation. Health: There are inadequate health facilities, especially in Jowhar, and the establishment of hospitals is therefore required. In terms of cross-cutting areas, food security was identified as an issue, with severely reduced food production and demand exceeding supply, causing price hikes in food beyond the means of farmers and pastoralists. Scaling up of long-term food security assistance programs was therefore considered a pressing need. In terms of livelihoods, the construction of a new marketplace in Jowhar and the renovation of existing ones was considered necessary, including the construction of new butcher markets. Overall drought-related data collection needs to be increased to better anticipate needs and inform necessary responses to drought. Hirshabelle | 31 Annex 5: Total Damages, Losses and Needs for Hirshabelle15 Table 5: Total Damages, Losses, and Needs for Hirshabelle Cost (USD) Damages Losses Needs Productive Sectors Agriculture - Irrigated and Rain-fed Crops 6,285,425 24,823,505 64,123,676 Agriculture - Livestock 21,415,252 106,576,725 12,999,294 Agriculture - Fisheries - 2,390,105 1,883,333 Productive Sectors Total 27,700,677 133,790,335 79,006,303 Physical Sectors Water Supply & Sanitation 228,000 2,275,624 20,082,000 Transport - - 533,333 Environment & Natural Resource Management 50,281,036 48,034,863 6,428,168 Physical Sectors Total 50,281,036 50,310,487 27,043,501 Social Sectors Health - 5,403,419 9,125,857 Nutrition - 257,311 8,593,517 Education - - 2,313,308 Social Sectors Total - 5,660,730 20,032,682 Cross-cutting Issues Urban Development & Municipal Services - - - Social Protection & Safety Nets - - 1,464,778 Food Security - - 2,817,778 Livelihoods & Employment - 5,180,241 2,455,556 Gender - - 4,911,111 Governance - - - Conflict - - - Displacement - - 2,888,889 Disaster Risk Reduction, Risk Financing and - - 555,556 Drought Resilience (DRR) Macro Impact - - 388,889 Cross-cutting Issues Total - 5,180,241 15,482,556 Grand Total 78,209,713 194,941,793 141,565,042 15 Governance needs are pending a determination of functional assignments within Government on drought recovery.  32 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment Annex 6: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Hirshabelle Table 6: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Hirshabelle DAMAGES COST (USD) Agriculture - Irrigated and rain-fed Crops Loss of Banana Trees 4,320,000 Primary Canal Damages 162,925 Direct Intake Canal Damages 542,500 Secondary Canal Damages 1,260,000 Total 6,285,425 Agriculture - Livestock Camels 9,973,078 Cattle 3,912,567 Sheep and Goats 7,529,607 Total 21,415,252 Water Supply & Sanitation Boreholes 150,000 Shallow Wells 33,000 Berkads 45,000 Total 228,000 Environment & Natural Resource Management Xeric shrublands and grasslands desiccated 21,828,000 Tree cover loss in montane xeric woodlands 4,602,000 Soils eroded (wind erosion, tons) 126,000 Loss of soil fertility and associated functions 3,274,200 Reduction in yields of cereals and legumes 105,000 Trees lost as a result of increased charcoal production 20,345,836 Total 50,281,036 LOSSES COST (USD) Agriculture - Irrigated and rain-fed Crops Cowpeas 333,847 Maize 2,025,465 Sesame 1,590,400 Sorghum 6,157,422 Banana 6,634,901 Lemon 404,567 Watermelon 404,567 Tomatoes 4,551,380 Onions 900,405 Rice 1,820,552 Total 24,823,505 Hirshabelle | 33 Agriculture - Livestock Camel Milk 27,292,093 Cow Milk 5,826,387 Sheep and Goat Milk 4,863,676 Camel Live Weight/Value 26,066,764 Cattle Live Weight/Value 10,751,860 Sheep and Goat Live Weight/Value 31,775,945 Total 106,576,725 Agriculture - Fisheries Loss of Sales 1,043,025 Loss of Consumption 521,512 Loss of Assets 412,784 Loss of Access to Fishing Grounds 412,784 Total 2,390,105 Water Supply & Sanitation Additional cost of water sold from Boreholes 2,071,840 Supplementation cost of water from dried, free sources 203,784 Total 2,275,624 Environment & Natural Resource Management Xeric shrublands and grasslands desiccated 30,316,667 Tree cover loss in montane xeric woodlands 511,333 Soils eroded (wind erosion, tons) 252,000 Trees lost as a result of increased charcoal production 16,954,863 Total 48,034,863 Health Increased Incidence of Cholera 65,910 Increased Primary-basic Healthcare costs 5,296,704 Increased Incidence of Measles 40,805 Total 5,403,419 Nutrition Increased Cost of treating General Acute Malnutrition 196,721 Increased Cost of treating Severe Acute Malnutrition 60,591 Total 257,311 Livelihoods & Employment Transporters 2,326,320 Petty Traders 726,560 Milk Traders 2,115,064 Skins and Hides 12,296 Total 5,180,241 34 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment NEEDS COST (USD) Agriculture - Irrigated and rain-fed Crops Emergency services provision: access by destitute farmers to staple 8,757,990 food & high-quality seeds Irrigation canal rehabilitation 29,812,625 Recovery / resilience of banana plantations (small and large) 866,000 Improving farm management practices (incl. SMART, Post-Harvest Handling) 3,821,113 Institutional capacity building for better governance 1,742,427 Rebuilding agriculture research and extension system 3,759,975 Strengthening informal and building formal seed system 1,834,134 Water and watershed management 13,529,412 Total 64,123,676 Agriculture - Livestock Veterinary services development 9,969,882 Feed development 470,588 Restocking with focus in southcentral regions 705,882 Rehabilitation of livestock water infrastructures 470,588 Rangeland management 588,235 Capacity Development 235,294 Poultry Production 147,059 Bee keeping 117,647 Genetic research and breeding 294,118 Total 12,999,294 Agriculture - Fisheries Distribution of Fishing Kits 50,000 Development of Fishing Landing Sites 666,667 Development of spate fed desert aquaculture 500,000 Development of dried fish 666,667 Total 1,883,333 Water Supply & Sanitation Construction of new Boreholes 8,555,556 Rehabilitation of Boreholes 1,688,889 Construction of new Shallow wells 215,000 Rehabilitation of Shallow wells 242,667 Construction of new Berkads 22,556 Rehabilitation of Berkads 24,000 Urban/Rural sanitation (drainage, sewage, and solid waste management) 5,555,556 Institutional strengthening and Capacity building 3,777,778 Total 20,082,000 Hirshabelle | 35 Transport Construction and Rehabilitation of Roads 533,333 Total 533,333 Environment & Natural Resource Management Immediate capacity building of government forest rangers 222,222 Immediate re-seeding of selected rangelands with fast-growing grass species 555,556 Setting up germplasm mother blocks (seed production zones for indigenous 555,556 fruit tree species) Improvement of energy efficiency of existing charcoal carbonization and kilning systems 888,889 Scaling up evergreen agriculture by integrating with trees-on-farm agroforestry 1,333,333 systems and ISFM Development of legislation to support zoning of wildlife parks, migratory corridors 111,111 Training forest end users on sustainable extractive techniques for NWFPs 555,556 Technical capacity improvement of Somali government - remote sensing, GIS, national lab 444,444 Rehabilitation of selected gullies and other severely degraded ecosystems 888,889 Promoting wide-scale adoption of low-cost integrated soil fertility management 333,333 (ISFM) for improving soil resources Assisting the Somali government with the development of a biomass energy policy 333,333 Develop a Power Master Plan 94,834 Cross Border Electrification and Interconnector Study 111,111 Total 6,428,168 Health Engaging the public in promotion of health, hygiene and safe drinking water, 457,576 sanitation, environmental hygiene, food safety, and safe waste disposal Promoting food-borne diseases laboratory-based surveillance by developing 457,576 food safety guidelines and interventions Introducing standardized rapid diagnostic technologies for prevalent 274,546 communicable diseases Active disease surveillance and early warning system 457,576 Prepositioning medical supplies and kits to undertake coordinated rapid response 457,576 Establishing an effective health information system that provides accurate and timely health 274,546 data for evidence planning and implementation supported by monitoring and evaluation Increasing cholera treatment centers in all regions 915,153 Promoting participation in improving public health at community level 457,576 Ensure availability of essential medicines, vaccines, and commodities 2,445,242 Establishing emergency response services 457,576 Ensuring immunization of all children and pregnant women against the 915,153 major child killer diseases Deploying more health care workers that are competent on tasks and treat patients with 640,607 dignity, respect, and compassion Supporting fixed and mobile clinics 915,153 Total 9,125,857 36 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment Nutrition Surveillance and M&E operations 859,352 Mobile clinic and Nutrition rehabilitation vans 1,718,703 Vitamin A Supplementation 128,903 People living with HIV and AIDS 171,870 Deworming 128,903 Capacity building 1,289,028 Procurement of material and rehabilitation 1,718,703 Health promotion and community mobilization 859,352 Implementation and operational support 1,718,703 Total 8,593,517 Education Learning spaces 1,020,000 Teachers 680,400 Learning materials/ kits 230,408 CEC structures to be supported 153,000 Data Tracking Costs 229,500 Total 2,313,308 Social Protection & Safety Nets Injection of minimum capacity in MoHADM and MoPIED 18,667 Social Protection Policy and Framework, Vulnerability Analysis, Capacity Development 168,333 of Government, Communication Strategy Database Inventory and Analysis 11,111 Design of pilot incl. registry, targeting methodology, transfer systems, monitoring 555,556 systems, grievance mechanism, vetting Pilot of system in select geographic areas (incl. urban and rural) targeting 100,000 711,111 Total 1,464,778 Food Security Improved food storage to reduce waste 2,222,222 Improved food security early warning systems 555,556 Support for the development of a national food security strategy 13,333 Support for the development of a national poverty reduction strategy 26,667 Total Needs 2,817,778 Livelihoods & Employment Support to Women and Youth to engage in the renewable energy sector 2,222,222 Support to Govt. Institutions to improve and/or establish Labor 211,111 Market Information Services Support to FGS and Federal State Govts to coordinate the E&L sector 22,222 Total 2,455,556 Hirshabelle | 37 Gender & Social Inclusion Implementation of sex, age disaggregated data (SADD) and gender analysis tools 477,778 Gender-responsive governance and promote women's participation and leadership 488,889 Promote gender equality in disaster risk reduction 388,889 Women sustainable economic and livelihoods development 3,166,667 Gender based Violence (GBV) and targeted responses 388,889 Total 4,911,111 Governance Total TBD Displacement & Migration Collection of sex and age disaggregated profile data of displaced and 222,222 returning populations Monitoring costs (social cohesion, displacement movements, etc.) 55,556 IDP personal identity documentation and civil registration 111,111 Capacity building of state and local authorities to promote recovery and resilience 111,111 of IDP populations Support Community-based participatory planning processes 222,222 Support for the participation in civic life, dispute resolution and peaceful 111,111 co-existence in displacement affected areas. Promoting land tenure security through improved policies and frameworks, 55,556 including improved land use planning Development and adoption of federal policy on internal displacement and 55,556 reintegration of returnees 38 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment Assessment of conditions for safe return through area-based solutions analysis 55,556 Collect population profile data on remote/rural 111,111 Skills development and livelihoods restoration 1,333,333 Support for market access and strengthened value chains for partial returns 111,111 (including those with family member remaining in urban areas) Support the establishment and strengthening of local authorities 111,111 Communication and sensitization to support re/integration of IDPs and to enable 111,111 participation in civic life, dispute resolution and peaceful co-existence. Establish/strengthen transparent dispute resolution mechanism to manage land disputes 111,111 Total 2,888,889 DRR DRM Policy, Legislation and Institutional Harmonization 47,222 Capacity building of National DRM institutions 175,000 Early warning and information management system. 236,111 Drought Management system 97,222 Total 555,556 Macro Impact Mobile money for drought response 222,222 Regulatory support for the ICT Sector 44,444 Developing a National ID system 11,111 Financial Services 111,111 Total 388,889 Hirshabelle | 39 Jubaland Overview and Pre-Drought Conditions DINA Findings16: Drought Impact17 Jubaland State is comprised of the regions of Gedo, With damages amounting to USD 171 million and losses Middle Juba and Lower Juba. Its largest city is Kismayo, estimated at USD 337 million, the total effects of the situated on the coast near the mouth of the Juba River. drought in Jubaland are expected to exceed USD 508 The Kismayo port provides the state with the opportunity million. The productive sector (Irrigated & Rain-fed to be a logistics gateway for East Africa. Crops, Livestock and Fisheries) accounts for 43.1 percent of all the effects, while the physical (Water & Sanitation, Like most parts of Somalia, recurring severe drought Environment and Transport), social (Health, Nutrition has been the main natural hazard in recent decades, and Education), and cross-cutting themes make up 54.2 significantly affecting agropastoral livelihoods. Jubaland percent, 1.1 percent, and 1.5 percent, respectively. The has also been affected by other climatic events such as two most affected sectors are Environment & Natural the flooding of the Juba River, which often affects the Resource Management and Livestock, comprising 53.3 surrounding communities, leading to displacement of percent and 37.4 percent of the total effects, respectively. large populations. A breakdown of damages and losses18 for Jubaland can be found below: The Juba River provides Jubaland with the potential for irrigated agriculture ranging from crops such as bananas, sugar cane, simsim seeds and cotton to staple foods such as rice, sorghum and millet. 16 This report is based on regionally disaggregated data for Gedo, Middle Juba and Lower Juba regions. 17 Unlike assessments following rapid onset disasters, drought assessments typically show larger economic losses than physical damages since the  drought impact is predominantly felt in economic terms rather than physical impact. The combined damages and losses in turn are typically greater than the recovery needs, particularly in the case of Somalia where many of the biggest immediate needs in food security, nutrition and social protection are covered by the HRP and not the DINA. In addition, the cost of inputs required for recovery is typically less than the value of outputs lost due to drought. 18  Damages are defined as total or partial destruction of physical assets existing in the affected area. Damages occur during and immediately after the disaster. Their monetary values are expressed as the replacement costs according to prices prevailing just before the event. Losses are defined as changes in economic flows arising from the disaster. They occur until full economic recovery and reconstruction is achieved, in some cases lasting for several years, but for the purposes of this assessment, losses have been projected up to January 2018. Typical losses include the decline in output in productive sectors (agriculture, livestock, and fisheries). 40 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment 41 © UNSOM DINA Findings: Recovery Needs Total recovery needs are estimated at USD 296.4 million. Of the sectors, Irrigated and Rain-fed Crops has the most needs (37.7 percent of total needs), followed by Urban Development and Municipal Services (16.3 percent), Water Supply and Sanitation (10.2 percent), Transport (8.5 percent), Livestock (6.6 percent) and Health (4.6 percent). Somalia 42 | |Somalia Drought Drought Impact Impact&& Needs Needs Assessment Assessment DINA Field Visits and Consultations: Key Findings The Ministry of Planning, Investment and Economic Development (MoPIED) and UN colleagues coordinated a field visit to Kismaayo to undertake consultations with state-level line ministries, UN agencies operational in the state, and civil society representatives, regarding data collection, needs assessment and recovery strategies. Based on these consultations, the following sectors were identified as key priorities for recovery and resilience in Jubaland State: Agriculture – Livestock: Key priorities in this sector are to promote the delivery of quality veterinary and TVET education and enhance organizational and institutional capacity in connection with both the physical (infrastructure) and the technical capacity of the Ministry of Livestock. Health and Nutrition: Rehabilitation of health facilities in areas recovered from non-state actors, pre- positioning medical supplies and medicine for the treatment of emergency cases, and expanding the immunization program in the state were identified as needs in this sector. Education: Construction of new schools to address the needs of IDPs in host communities is an important need. Gender, as a cross-cutting area, was also identified as a key priority, with focus required on formulating a gender policy for the state, and interventions for the economic empowerment of women and the prevention of gender-based violence. © IOM Jubaland | 43 Annex 7: Total Damages, Losses and Needs for Jubaland19 Table 7: Total Damages, Losses, and Needs for Jubaland Cost (USD) Damages Losses Needs Productive Sectors Agriculture - Irrigated and Rain-fed Crops 2,542,575 22,314,144 111,763,118 Agriculture - Livestock 31,380,398 158,400,466 19,498,941 Agriculture - Fisheries - 4,344,255 2,825,000 Productive Sectors Total 33,922,973 185,058,865 134,087,059 Physical Sectors Water Supply & Sanitation 1,154,000 3,413,436 30,123,000 Transport - - 25,300,000 Environment & Natural Resource Management 135,477,302 135,431,751 9,642,252 Physical Sectors Total 136,631,302 138,845,187 65,065,252 Social Sectors Health - 5,393,042 13,688,786 Nutrition - 277,351 9,346,408 Education - - 2,663,934 Social Sectors Total - 5,670,0394 25,699,127 Cross-cutting Issues Urban Development & Municipal Services - - 48,291,536 Social Protection & Safety Nets - - 2,197,167 Food Security - - 4,226,667 Livelihoods & Employment - 7,770,361 3,683,333 Gender - - 7,366,667 Governance - - - Conflict - - - Displacement - - 4,333,333 Disaster Risk Reduction, Risk Financing and - - 833,333 Drought Resilience (DRR) Macro Impact - - 583,333 Cross-cutting Issues Total - 7,770,361 71,515,369 Grand Total 170,554,274 337,344,807 296,366,807 19 Governance needs are pending a determination of functional assignments within Government on drought recovery.  44 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment Annex 8: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Jubaland Table 8: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Jubaland DAMAGES COST (USD) Agriculture - Irrigated and rain-fed Crops Loss of Banana Trees 2,520,000 Primary Canal Damages 22,575 Total 2,542,575 Agriculture - Livestock Camels 16,997,442 Cattle 6,974,402 Sheep and Goats 7,408,554 Total 31,380,398 Water Supply & Sanitation Boreholes 910,000 Shallow Wells 244,000 Total 1,154,000 Environment & Natural Resource Management Xeric shrublands and grasslands desiccated 63,630,000 Tree cover loss in montane xeric woodlands 6,903,000 Soils eroded (wind erosion, tons) 261,000 Loss of soil fertility and associated functions 9,544,500 Reduction in yields of cereals and legumes 217,500 Trees lost as a result of increased charcoal production 54,921,302 Total 135,477,302 LOSSES COST (USD) Agriculture - Irrigated and rain-fed Crops Cowpeas (758,714) Maize (1,088,873) Sesame 4,281,600 Sorghum 2,042,506 Banana 2,831,970 Lemon 404,567 Papaya 240,814 Watermelon 8,441,607 Tomatoes 5,918,667 Total 22,314,144 Jubaland | 45 Agriculture - Livestock Camel Milk 39,708,366 Cow Milk 16,647,599 Sheep and Goat Milk 5,098,634 Camel Live Weight/Value 41,744,856 Cattle Live Weight/Value 24,105,316 Sheep and Goat Live Weight/Value 31,095,694 Total 158,400,466 Agriculture - Fisheries Loss of Sales 2,070,603 Loss of Consumption 1,035,301 Loss of Assets 619,176 Loss of Access to Fishing Grounds 619,176 Total 4,344,255 Water Supply & Sanitation Additional cost of water sold from Boreholes 3,107,760 Supplementation cost of water from dried, free sources 305,676 Total 3,413,436 Environment & Natural Resource Management Xeric shrublands and grasslands desiccated 88,375,000 Tree cover loss in montane xeric woodlands 767,000 Soils eroded (wind erosion, tons) 522,000 Trees lost as a result of increased charcoal production 45,767,751 Total 135,431,751 Health Increased Incidence of Cholera 199,474 Increased Primary-basic Healthcare costs 5,193,569 Total 5,393,042 Nutrition Increased Cost of treating General Acute Malnutrition 210,429 Increased Cost of treating Severe Acute Malnutrition 66,922 Total 277,351 Livelihoods & Employment Transporters 3,489,480 Petty Traders 1,089,840 Milk Traders 3,172,596 Skins and Hides 18,444 Total 7,770,361 46 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment NEEDS COST (USD) Agriculture - Irrigated and rain-fed Crops Emergency services provision: access by destitute farmers to staple food & 23,875,000 high-quality seeds Irrigation canal rehabilitation 37,510,000 Recovery / resilience of banana plantations (small and large) 84,000 Improving farm management practices (incl. SMART, Post-Harvest Handling) 10,000,000 Institutional capacity building for better governance 4,750,000 Rebuilding agriculture research and extension system 10,250,000 Strengthening informal and building formal seed system 5,000,000 Water and watershed management 20,294,118 Total 111,763,118 Agriculture - Livestock Veterinary services development 14,954,824 Feed development 705,882 Restocking with focus in southcentral regions 1,058,824 Rehabilitation of livestock water infrastructures 705,882 Rangeland management 882,353 Capacity Development 352,941 Poultry Production 220,588 Bee keeping 176,471 Genetic research and breeding 441,176 Total 19,498,941 Agriculture - Fisheries Distribution of Fishing Kits 75,000 Development of Fishing Landing Sites 1,000,000 Development of spate fed desert aquaculture 750,000 Development of dried fish 1,000,000 Total 2,825,000 Water Supply & Sanitation Construction of new Boreholes 12,833,333 Rehabilitation of Boreholes 2,533,333 Construction of new Shallow wells 322,500 Rehabilitation of Shallow wells 364,000 Construction of new Berkads 33,833 Rehabilitation of Berkads 36,000 Urban/Rural sanitation (drainage, sewage, and solid waste management) 8,333,333 Institutional strengthening and Capacity building 5,666,667 Total 30,123,000 Jubaland | 47 Transport Construction and Rehabilitation of Roads 25,300,000 Total 25,300,000 Environment & Natural Resource Management Immediate capacity building of government forest rangers 333,333 Immediate re-seeding of selected rangelands with fast-growing grass species 833,333 Setting up germplasm mother blocks (seed production zones for indigenous 833,333 fruit tree species) Improvement of energy efficiency of existing charcoal carbonization and kilning systems 1,333,333 Scaling up evergreen agriculture by integrating with trees-on-farm agroforestry 2,000,000 systems and ISFM Development of legislation to support zoning of wildlife parks, migratory corridors 166,667 Training forest end users on sustainable extractive techniques for NWFPs 833,333 Technical capacity improvement of Somali government - remote sensing, GIS, national lab 666,667 Rehabilitation of selected gullies and other severely degraded ecosystems 1,333,333 Promoting wide-scale adoption of low-cost integrated soil fertility management 500,000 (ISFM) for improving soil resources Assisting the Somali government with the development of a biomass energy policy 500,000 Develop a Power Master Plan 142,252 Cross Border Electrification and Interconnector Study 166,667 Total 9,642,252 Health Engaging the public in promotion of health, hygiene and safe drinking water, sanitation, 686,365 environmental hygiene, food safety, and safe waste disposal Promoting food-borne diseases laboratory-based surveillance by developing food safety 686,365 guidelines and interventions Introducing standardized rapid diagnostic technologies for prevalent 411,819 communicable diseases Active disease surveillance and early warning system 686,365 Prepositioning medical supplies and kits to undertake coordinated rapid response 686,365 Establishing an effective health information system that provides accurate and timely health 411,819 data for evidence planning and implementation supported by monitoring and evaluation Increasing cholera treatment centers in all regions 1,372,729 Promoting participation in improving public health at community level 686,365 Ensure availability of essential medicines, vaccines, and commodities 3,667,863 Establishing emergency response services 686,365 Ensuring immunization of all children and pregnant women against the major child killer 1,372,729 diseases Deploying more health care workers that are competent on tasks and treat patients with 960,910 dignity, respect, and compassion Supporting fixed and mobile clinics 1,372,729 Total 13,688,786 48 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment Nutrition Surveillance and M&E operations 934,641 Mobile clinic and Nutrition rehabilitation vans 1,869,282 Vitamin A Supplementation 140,196 People living with HIV and AIDS 186,928 Deworming 140,196 Capacity building 1,401,961 Procurement of material and rehabilitation 1,869,282 Health promotion and community mobilization 934,641 Implementation and operational support 1,869,282 Total 9,346,408 Education Learning spaces 1,170,000 Teachers 789,600 Learning materials/ kits 265,584 CEC structures to be supported 175,500 Data Tracking Costs 263,250 Total 2,663,934 Urban Development & Municipal Services Shelter 14,302,800 Education 4,535,018 Health 307,830 Water and Sanitation 585,408 Jobs 27,060,480 Institutional Strengthening 1,500,000 Total 48,291,536 Social Protection & Safety Nets Injection of minimum capacity in MoHADM and MoPIED 28,000 Social Protection Policy and Framework, Vulnerability Analysis, Capacity 252,500 Development of Government, Communication Strategy Database Inventory and Analysis 16,667 Design of pilot incl. registry, targeting methodology, transfer systems, monitoring systems, 833,333 grievance mechanism, vetting Pilot of system in select geographic areas (incl. urban and rural) targeting 100,000 1,066,667 Total 2,197,167 Food Security Improved food storage to reduce waste 3,333,333 Improved food security early warning systems 833,333 Support for the development of a national food security strategy 20,000 Support for the development of a national poverty reduction strategy 40,000 Total 4,226,667 Jubaland | 49 Livelihoods & Employment Support to Women and Youth to engage in the renewable energy sector 3,333,333 Support to Govt. Institutions to improve and/or establish Labor Market 316,667 Information Services Support To FGS and Federal State Govts to coordinate the E&L sector 33,333 Total 3,683,333 Gender & Social Inclusion Implementation of sex, age disaggregated data (SADD) and gender analysis tools 716,667 Gender-responsive governance and promote women's participation and leadership 733,333 Promote gender equality in disaster risk reduction 583,333 Women sustainable economic and livelihoods development 4,750,000 Gender based Violence (GBV) and targeted responses 583,333 Total 7,366,667 Governance Total TBD Displacement & Migration Collection of sex and age disaggregated profile data of displaced and 333,333 returning populations Monitoring costs (social cohesion, displacement movements, etc.) 83,333 IDP personal identity documentation and civil registration 166,667 Capacity building of state and local authorities to promote recovery and 166,667 resilience of IDP populations Support Community-based participatory planning processes 333,333 Support for the participation in civic life, dispute resolution and peaceful 166,667 co-existence in displacement affected areas. Promoting land tenure security through improved policies and frameworks, 83,333 including improved land use planning 50 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment Development and adoption of federal policy on internal displacement and 83,333 reintegration of returnees Assessment of conditions for safe return through area-based solutions analysis 83,333 Collect population profile data on remote/rural 166,667 Skills development and livelihoods restoration 2,000,000 Support for market access and strengthened value chains for partial returns 166,667 (including those with family member remaining in urban areas) Support the establishment and strengthening of local authorities 166,667 Communication and sensitization to support re/integration of IDPs and to enable 166,667 participation in civic life, dispute resolution and peaceful co-existence. Establish/strengthen transparent dispute resolution mechanism to manage land disputes 166,667 Total 4,333,333 DRR DRM Policy, Legislation and Institutional Harmonization 70,833 Capacity building of National DRM institutions 262,500 Early warning and information management system. 354,167 Drought Management system 145,833 Total 833,333 Macro Impact Mobile money for drought response 333,333 Regulatory support for the ICT Sector 66,667 Developing a National ID system 16,667 Financial Services 166,667 Total 583,333 Jubaland | 51 © IOM Puntland Overview and Pre-Drought Conditions DINA Findings22: Drought Impact23 Puntland, situated in the northeast of Somalia with its With damages amounting to USD 310 million and losses capital at Garowe, is considered one of the more stable estimated at USD 624 million, the total effects of the states in Somalia in terms of socio-economic conditions drought in Puntland are expected to exceed USD 934 and poverty reduction.20 A major seaport in its largest million. The productive sector (Irrigated & Rain-fed city, Bosaso, is situated in the Gulf of Aden next to one Crops, Livestock and Fisheries) accounts for 62.7 percent of the world‘s largest trade routes. This, along with its of all the effects, while the physical (Water & Sanitation, potential to serve the greater Horn of Africa region with Environment and Transport), social (Health, Nutrition a customer base of more than 100 million people, points and Education), and cross-cutting themes make up 31.1 to the potential for the development of Puntland as a percent, 0.8 percent, and 1.2 percent, respectively. The trade and logistics hub.21 two most affected sectors are Livestock, and Environment & Natural Resource Management, comprising 62.7 Puntland has a large livestock sector with the capacity to percent and 29 percent of the total effects, respectively. increase the quantity and quality of its livestock exports, A breakdown of damages and losses24 for Puntland can as well as to develop a value addition industry such be found below: as leather tanning and the design and production of leather products. 20 Federal Government of Somalia. 2016. National Development Plan (2017-2019). 21 Ibid. 22 This report is based on regionally disaggregated data for Bari, Nugaal, Sool, Sanaag and the northern half of Muduug. The inclusion or exclusion of  regions in a given FMS does not imply any judgment on the part of the authors of this report on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. 23  Unlike assessments following rapid onset disasters, drought assessments typically show larger economic losses than physical damages since the drought impact is predominantly felt in economic terms rather than physical impact. The combined damages and losses in turn are typically greater than the recovery needs, particularly in the case of Somalia where many of the biggest immediate needs in food security, nutrition and social protection are covered by the HRP and not the DINA. In addition, the cost of inputs required for recovery is typically less than the value of outputs lost due to drought. 24 Damages are defined as total or partial destruction of physical assets existing in the affected area. Damages occur during and immediately after the  disaster. Their monetary values are expressed as the replacement costs according to prices prevailing just before the event. Losses are defined as changes in economic flows arising from the disaster. They occur until full economic recovery and reconstruction is achieved, in some cases lasting for several years, but for the purposes of this assessment, losses have been projected up to January 2018. Typical losses include the decline in output in productive sectors (agriculture, livestock, and fisheries). 52 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment © UNSOM 53 DINA Findings: Recovery Needs Total recovery needs are estimated at USD 319.7 million. Transport, and Water & Sanitation have the largest needs, representing 28.3 percent and 14.1 percent of total needs, followed by Environment, Clean Energy and Natural Resource Management (11.1 percent), Irrigated and Rain-fed Crops (9.5 percent), Livestock (9.1 percent), Nutrition (8.2 percent) and Health (6.4 percent). Somalia 54 | |Somalia Drought Drought Impact Impact&& Needs Needs Assessment Assessment © UNSOM DINA Field Visits and Consultations: Key Findings The Ministry of Planning, Investment and Economic Development (MoPIED) and UN colleagues coordinated a field visit to Garowe, in collaboration with the Puntland Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation, with line ministries, UN agencies operational in the state, and civil society representatives, regarding data collection, needs assessment and recovery strategies. Based on these consultations, the following sectors were identified as key priorities for recovery and resilience in Puntland State: Agriculture – Crops, Livestock and Fisheries: The majority of pastoralists have lost their livestock due to the lack of grazing land and water, leading to a reluctance to rear livestock. Therefore, a restocking process will need to be undertaken, as well as the promotion of other industries such as growing Moxor (frankincense) and fisheries. More losses in crops are also expected. Water Supply and Sanitation: A number of boreholes have been damaged due to the extreme usage and limited spare parts as a result of the drought, resulting in water shortages in many rural areas. Transport: Many of the roads have been damaged due to the lack of maintenance. Some of these roads are situated in towns, while others connect towns and districts. Health and Education: A number of existing facilities need to be repaired and reconstructed, while new facilities need to be constructed in drought-affected districts as well as towns hosting larger numbers of IDPs, such as Galkayo. With regard to cross-cutting areas, gender and employment creation were identified as important focus areas in terms of promoting small industries and macro-finance programs. Puntland | 55 Annex 9: Total Damages, Losses and Needs for Puntland25 Table 9: Total Damages, Losses, and Needs for Puntland Cost (USD) Damages Losses Needs Productive Sectors Agriculture - Irrigated and Rain-fed Crops - 38,979,638 30,441,176 Agriculture - Livestock 157,974,303 426,885,140 29,248,412 Agriculture - Fisheries - - - Productive Sectors Total 157,974,303 465,864,778 59,689,588 Physical Sectors Water Supply & Sanitation 14,662,500 5,120,154 45,184,500 Transport - - 90,625,000 Environment & Natural Resource Management 137,117,713 133,177,363 35,463,378 Physical Sectors Total 151,780,213 138,297,517 171,272,878 Social Sectors Health - 6,954,530 20,533,178 Nutrition - 810,474 26,271,384 Education - - 7,132,469 Social Sectors Total - 7,765,003 53,937,032 Cross-cutting Issues Urban Development & Municipal Services - - - Social Protection & Safety Nets - - 3,295,750 Food Security - - 6,340,000 Livelihoods & Employment - 11,655,542 5,525,000 Gender - - 11,050,000 Governance - - - Conflict - - - Displacement - - 6,500,000 Disaster Risk Reduction, Risk Financing and - - 1,250,000 Drought Resilience (DRR) Macro Impact - - 875,000 Cross-cutting Issues Total - 11,655,542 34,835,750 Grand Total 309,754,516 623,582,840 319,735,247 25 Governance needs are pending a determination of functional assignments within Government on drought recovery.  56 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment Annex 10: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Puntland Table 10: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Puntland DAMAGES COST (USD) Agriculture - Livestock Camels 52,951,322 Sheep and Goats 105,022,981 Total 157,974,303 Water Supply & Sanitation Boreholes 12,980,000 Shallow Wells 1,667,500 Berkads 15,000 Total 14,662,500 Environment & Natural Resource Management Xeric shrublands and grasslands desiccated 43,649,664 Tree cover loss in montane xeric woodlands 10,354,500 Expansion of land colonized by Prosopis juliflora 228,000 Soils eroded (wind erosion, tons) 396,523 Loss of soil fertility and associated functions 6,547,450 Reduction in yields of cereals and legumes 330,436 Trees lost as a result of increased charcoal production 75,611,141 Total 137,117,713 LOSSES COST (USD) Agriculture - Irrigated and rain-fed Crops Cowpeas 981,833 Sorghum 21,267 Lemon 104,888 Dates 11,447,751 Tomatoes 9,733,960 Onions 2,100,000 Legumes 14,145 Frankincense 14,575,795 Total 38,979,638 Agriculture - Livestock Camel Milk 124,495,819 Cow Milk 118,568 Sheep and Goat Milk 30,463,162 Camel Live Weight/Value 108,726,715 Cattle Live Weight/Value 77,732 Puntland | 57 Sheep and Goat Live Weight/Value 163,003,144 Total 426,885,140 Water Supply & Sanitation Additional cost of water sold from Boreholes 4,661,640 Supplementation cost of water from dried, free sources 458,514 Total 5,120,154 Environment & Natural Resource Management Xeric shrublands and grasslands desiccated 60,624,533 Tree cover loss in montane xeric woodlands 1,150,500 Expansion of land colonized by Prosopis juliflora 7,600,000 Soils eroded (wind erosion, tons) 793,046 Trees lost as a result of increased charcoal production 63,009,284 Total 133,177,363 Health Increased Incidence of Cholera 187,774 Increased Primary-basic Healthcare costs 6,700,164 Increased Incidence of Measles 66,592 Total 6,954,530 Nutrition Increased Cost of treating General Acute Malnutrition 686,018 Increased Cost of treating Severe Acute Malnutrition 124,455 Total 810,474 Livelihoods & Employment Transporters 5,234,221 Petty Traders 1,634,761 Milk Traders 4,758,894 Skins and Hides 27,666 Total 11,655,542 NEEDS COST (USD) Agriculture - Irrigated and rain-fed Crops Water and watershed management 30,441,176 Total 30,441,176 Agriculture - Livestock Veterinary services development 22,432,235 Feed development 1,058,824 Restocking with focus in southcentral regions 1,588,235 Rehabilitation of livestock water infrastructures 1,058,824 Rangeland management 1,323,529 58 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment Capacity Development 529,412 Poultry Production 330,882 Bee keeping 264,706 Genetic research and breeding 661,765 Total 29,248,412 Water Supply & Sanitation Construction of new Boreholes 19,250,000 Rehabilitation of Boreholes 3,800,000 Construction of new Shallow wells 483,750 Rehabilitation of Shallow wells 546,000 Construction of new Berkads 50,750 Rehabilitation of Berkads 54,000 Urban/Rural sanitation (drainage, sewage, and solid waste management) 12,500,000 Institutional strengthening and Capacity building 8,500,000 Total 45,184,500 Transport Construction and Rehabilitation of Roads 90,625,000 Total 90,625,000 Environment & Natural Resource Management Immediate capacity building of government forest rangers 500,000 Immediate re-seeding of selected rangelands with fast-growing grass species 1,250,000 Setting up germplasm mother blocks (seed production zones for indigenous 1,250,000 fruit tree species) Improvement of energy efficiency of existing charcoal carbonization and kilning systems 2,000,000 Scaling up evergreen agriculture by integrating with trees-on-farm agroforestry 3,000,000 systems and ISFM Development of legislation to support zoning of wildlife parks, migratory corridors 250,000 Training forest end users on sustainable extractive techniques for NWFPs 1,250,000 Puntland private sector energy grid expansion and institutional strengthening 15,000,000 Technical capacity improvement of Somali government - remote sensing, GIS, national lab 1,000,000 Capital expenditure costs for setting up LPG plant in Mogadishu and Bossaso 6,000,000 Rehabilitation of selected gullies and other severely degraded ecosystems 2,000,000 Promoting wide-scale adoption of low-cost integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) for 750,000 improving soil resources Assisting the Somali government with the development of a biomass energy policy 750,000 Develop a Power Master Plan 213,378 Cross Border Electrification and Interconnector Study 250,000 Total 35,463,378 Puntland | 59 Health Engaging the public in promotion of health, hygiene and safe drinking water, 1,029,547 sanitation, environmental hygiene, food safety, and safe waste disposal Promoting food-borne diseases laboratory-based surveillance by developing food safety 1,029,547 guidelines and interventions Introducing standardized rapid diagnostic technologies for prevalent 617,728 communicable diseases Active disease surveillance and early warning system 1,029,547 Prepositioning medical supplies and kits to undertake coordinated rapid response 1,029,547 Establishing an effective health information system that provides accurate and timely health 617,728 data for evidence planning and implementation supported by monitoring and evaluation Increasing cholera treatment centers in all regions 2,059,094 Promoting participation in improving public health at community level 1,029,547 Ensure availability of essential medicines, vaccines, and commodities 5,501,795 Establishing emergency response services 1,029,547 Ensuring immunization of all children and pregnant women against the 2,059,094 major child killer diseases Deploying more health care workers that are competent on tasks and treat 1,441,366 patients with dignity, respect, and compassion Supporting fixed and mobile clinics 2,059,094 Total 20,533,178 Nutrition Surveillance and M&E operations 2,627,138 Mobile clinic and Nutrition rehabilitation vans 5,254,277 Vitamin A Supplementation 394,071 People living with HIV and AIDS 525,428 Deworming 394,071 Capacity building 3,940,708 Procurement of material and rehabilitation 5,254,277 Health promotion and community mobilization 2,627,138 Implementation and operational support 5,254,277 Total 26,271,384 Education Learning spaces 3,140,000 Teachers 2,104,200 Learning materials/ kits 710,769 CEC structures to be supported 471,000 Data Tracking Costs 706,500 Total 7,132,469 60 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment Social Protection & Safety Nets Injection of minimum capacity in MoHADM and MoPIED 42,000 Social Protection Policy and Framework, Vulnerability Analysis, Capacity 378,750 Development of Government, Communication Strategy Database Inventory and Analysis 25,000 Design of pilot incl. registry, targeting methodology, transfer systems, 1,250,000 monitoring systems, grievance mechanism, vetting Pilot of system in select geographic areas (incl. urban and rural) targeting 100,000 1,600,000 Total 3,295,750 Food Security Improved food storage to reduce waste 5,000,000 Improved food security early warning systems 1,250,000 Support for the development of a national food security strategy 30,000 Support for the development of a national poverty reduction strategy 60,000 Total Needs 6,340,000 Livelihoods & Employment Support to Women and Youth to engage in the renewable energy sector 5,000,000 Support to Govt. Institutions to improve and/or establish Labor Market 475,000 Information Services Support to FGS and Federal State Govts to coordinate the E&L sector 50,000 Total 5,525,000 Gender & Social Inclusion Implementation of sex, age disaggregated data (SADD) and gender analysis tools 1,075,000 Gender-responsive governance and promote women's participation and leadership 1,100,000 Promote gender equality in disaster risk reduction 875,000 Women sustainable economic and livelihoods development 7,125,000 Gender based Violence (GBV) and targeted responses 875,000 Total 11,050,000 Governance Total TBD Displacement & Migration Collection of sex and age disaggregated profile data of displaced and 500,000 returning populations Monitoring costs (social cohesion, displacement movements, etc.) 125,000 IDP personal identity documentation and civil registration 250,000 Capacity building of state and local authorities to promote recovery and 250,000 resilience of IDP populations Support Community-based participatory planning processes 500,000 Support for the participation in civic life, dispute resolution and peaceful 250,000 co-existence in displacement affected areas. Puntland | 61 Promoting land tenure security through improved policies and frameworks, 125,000 including improved land use planning Development and adoption of federal policy on internal displacement and 125,000 reintegration of returnees Assessment of conditions for safe return through area-based solutions analysis 125,000 Collect population profile data on remote/rural 250,000 Skills development and livelihoods restoration 3,000,000 Support for market access and strengthened value chains for partial returns 250,000 (including those with family member remaining in urban areas) Support the establishment and strengthening of local authorities 250,000 Communication and sensitization to support re/integration of IDPs and to enable 250,000 participation in civic life, dispute resolution and peaceful co-existence. Establish/strengthen transparent dispute resolution mechanism to manage land disputes 250,000 Total 6,500,000 DRR DRM Policy, Legislation and Institutional Harmonization 106,250 Capacity building of National DRM institutions 393,750 Early warning and information management system. 531,250 Drought Management system 218,750 Total 1,250,000 Macro Impact Mobile money for drought response 500,000 Regulatory support for the ICT Sector 100,000 Developing a National ID system 25,000 Financial Services 250,000 Total 875,000 62 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment 63 Mohammed © IOM/Muse Somaliland Overview and Pre-Drought Conditions sorghum and maize. Horticultural crops grown for the local market include tomatoes, lettuce, onions, peppers, Somaliland was formed in 1991 in the wake of the cabbages, oranges, lemons, and papaya. collapse of the central government of Somalia. Its capital is Hargeisa, and other major population centers include the port town of Berbera and the livestock DINA Findings27: Drought Impact28 center of Burao. While still a characteristically pastoral With damages amounting to USD 257 million and losses society, Somaliland has experienced an accelerated estimated at USD 617 million, the total effects of the process of urbanization with the percentage of the drought in Somaliland are expected to exceed USD population living in cities now exceeding 50 percent.26 874 million. The productive sector (Irrigated & Rain-fed Nomadic communities constitute 34 percent of the Crops, Livestock and Fisheries) accounts for 65 percent total population. of all the effects, while the physical (Water & Sanitation, The region depends on livestock for up to 60 percent Environment and Transport), social (Health, Nutrition of its revenue base and 28 percent of its GDP. Around and Education), and cross-cutting themes make up 32.7 half of the population is classified as agropastoralists percent, 0.9 percent, and 1.5 percent, respectively. The who either engage in crop production and/or livestock two most affected sectors are Livestock and Environment rearing. Before the ban by Saudi Arabia on livestock & Natural Resource Management, comprising 63.6 imports from Somalia was instituted in December 2016, percent and 30.1 percent of the total effects, respectively. Somaliland exported on average 3 million livestock A breakdown of damages and losses29 for Somaliland to Gulf Arab markets. Crop agriculture is primarily can be found on page 66. subsistence in nature, and the principle crops are 26 Somaliland NDP II: 2017-2022, pg. 25 - http://slministryofplanning.org/images/front-page/Somaliland_NDPII_Final.pdf. 27 This report is based on regionally disaggregated data for Awdal, Togdheer, Woqooyi Galbeed, Sool and Sanaag regions. The inclusion or  exclusion of regions in a given FMS does not imply any judgment on the part of the authors of this report on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. 28 Unlike assessments following rapid onset disasters, drought assessments typically show larger economic losses than physical damages since the  drought impact is predominantly felt in economic terms rather than physical impact. The combined damages and losses in turn are typically greater than the recovery needs, particularly in the case of Somalia where many of the biggest immediate needs in food security, nutrition and social protection are covered by the HRP and not the DINA. In addition, the cost of inputs required for recovery is typically less than the value of outputs lost due to drought. 29 Damages are defined as total or partial destruction of physical assets existing in the affected area. Damages occur during and immediately after the  disaster. Their monetary values are expressed as the replacement costs according to prices prevailing just before the event. Losses are defined as changes in economic flows arising from the disaster. They occur until full economic recovery and reconstruction is achieved, in some cases lasting for several years, but for the purposes of this assessment, losses have been projected up to January 2018. Typical losses include the decline in output in productive sectors (agriculture, livestock, and fisheries). 64 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment 65 © UNSOM DINA Findings: Recovery Needs Total recovery needs are estimated at USD 314.4 million. Of the sectors, Irrigated and Rain-fed Crops have the most needs, representing 25.5 percent of total needs, followed by Water Supply and Sanitation (16 percent), Livestock (10.3 percent), Environment, Clean Energy and Natural Resource Management (9.9 percent), Transport (9.5 percent) and Nutrition (6.8 percent). Somalia 66 | |Somalia Drought Drought Impact Impact&& Needs Needs Assessment Assessment © UNSOM Somaliland | 67 Annex 11: Total Damages, Losses and Needs for Somaliland30 Table 11: Total Damages, Losses, and Needs for Somaliland Cost (USD) Damages Losses Needs Productive Sectors Agriculture - Irrigated and Rain-fed Crops - 12,505,625 80,077,529 Agriculture - Livestock 133,860,727 421,686,708 32,498,235 Agriculture - Fisheries - - - Productive Sectors Total 133,860,727 434,192,333 112,575,765 Physical Sectors Water Supply & Sanitation 16,722,000 5,689,060 50,205,000 Transport - - 29,850,000 Environment & Natural Resource Management 106,868,163 156,219,403 31,070,419 Physical Sectors Total 123,590,163 161,908,463 111,125,419 Social Sectors Health - 6,936,073 22,814,642 Nutrition - 637,656 21,446,502 Education - - 7,745,128 Social Sectors Total - 7,573,729 52,006,273 Cross-cutting Issues Urban Development & Municipal Services - - - Social Protection & Safety Nets - - 3,661,944 Food Security - - 7,044,444 Livelihoods & Employment - 12,950,602 6,138,889 Gender - - 12,277,778 Governance - - - Conflict - - - Displacement - - 7,222,222 Disaster Risk Reduction, Risk Financing and - - 1,388,889 Drought Resilience (DRR) Macro Impact - - 972,222 Cross-cutting Issues Total - 12,950,602 38,706,389 Grand Total 257,450,890 616,625,127 314,413,846 30 Governance needs are pending a determination of functional assignments within Government on drought recovery.  68 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment Annex 12: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Somaliland Table 12: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for Somaliland DAMAGES COST (USD) Agriculture - Livestock Camels 47,270,804 Sheep and Goats 86,589,922 Total 133,860,727 Water Supply & Sanitation Boreholes 14,570,000 Shallow Wells 1,980,000 Berkads 172,000 Total 16,722,000 Environment & Natural Resource Management Xeric shrublands and grasslands desiccated 26,850,000 Tree cover loss in montane xeric woodlands 11,505,000 Expansion of land colonized by Prosopis juliflora 120,000 Soils eroded (wind erosion, tons) 394,200 Loss of soil fertility and associated functions 4,027,500 Reduction in yields of cereals and legumes 328,500 Trees lost as a result of increased charcoal production 63,642,963 Total 106,868,163 LOSSES COST (USD) Agriculture - Irrigated and rain-fed Crops Maize 3,559,500 Sorghum 132,750 Tomatoes 17,232 Onions 50,667 Frankincense 8,745,477 Total 12,505,625 Agriculture - Livestock Camel Milk 140,705,110 Cow Milk 1,285,462 Sheep and Goat Milk 29,652,688 Camel Live Weight/Value 112,218,800 Cattle Live Weight/Value 5,164,994 Sheep and Goat Live Weight/Value 132,659,655 Total 421,686,708 Somaliland | 69 Water Supply & Sanitation Additional cost of water sold from Boreholes 5,179,600 Supplementation cost of water from dried, free sources 509,460 Total 5,689,060 Environment & Natural Resource Management Xeric shrublands and grasslands desiccated 37,291,667 Tree cover loss in montane xeric woodlands 1,278,333 Expansion of land colonized by Prosopis juliflora 63,825,200 Soils eroded (wind erosion, tons) 788,400 Trees lost as a result of increased charcoal production 53,035,803 Total 156,219,403 Health Increased Incidence of Cholera 145,676 Increased Primary-basic Healthcare costs 6,692,645 Increased Incidence of Measles 97,751 Total 6,936,073 Nutrition Increased Cost of treating General Acute Malnutrition 502,964 Increased Cost of treating Severe Acute Malnutrition 134,692 Total 637,656 Livelihoods & Employment Transporters 5,815,801 Petty Traders 1,816,401 Milk Traders 5,287,660 Skins and Hides 30,740 Total 12,950,602 NEEDS COST (USD) Agriculture - Irrigated and rain-fed Crops Emergency services provision: access by destitute farmers to staple food & high-quality 14,325,000 seeds Irrigation canal rehabilitation 6,479,000 Improving farm management practices (incl. SMART, Post-Harvest Handling) 12,500,000 Institutional capacity building for better governance 3,800,000 Rebuilding agriculture research and extension system 6,150,000 Strengthening informal and building formal seed system 3,000,000 Water and watershed management 33,823,529 Total 80,077,529 70 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment Agriculture - Livestock Veterinary services development 24,924,706 Feed development 1,176,471 Restocking with focus in southcentral regions 1,764,706 Rehabilitation of livestock water infrastructures 1,176,471 Rangeland management 1,470,588 Capacity Development 588,235 Poultry Production 367,647 Bee keeping 294,118 Genetic research and breeding 735,294 Total 32,498,235 Water Supply & Sanitation Construction of new Boreholes 21,388,889 Rehabilitation of Boreholes 4,222,222 Construction of new Shallow wells 537,500 Rehabilitation of Shallow wells 606,667 Construction of new Berkads 56,389 Rehabilitation of Berkads 60,000 Urban/Rural sanitation (drainage, sewage, and solid waste management) 13,888,889 Institutional strengthening and Capacity building 9,444,444 Total 50,205,000 Transport Construction and Rehabilitation of Roads 29,850,000 Total 29,850,000 Environment & Natural Resource Management Immediate capacity building of government forest rangers 555,556 Immediate re-seeding of selected rangelands with fast-growing grass species 1,388,889 Setting up germplasm mother blocks (seed production zones for indigenous 1,388,889 fruit tree species) Improvement of energy efficiency of existing charcoal carbonization and kilning systems 2,222,222 Scaling up evergreen agriculture by integrating with trees-on-farm agroforestry 3,333,333 systems and ISFM Development of legislation to support zoning of wildlife parks, migratory corridors 277,778 Training forest end users on sustainable extractive techniques for NWFPs 1,388,889 Technical capacity improvement of Somali government - remote sensing, GIS, national lab 1,111,111 Somaliland private sector energy grid expansion and institutional strengthening 15,000,000 Rehabilitation of selected gullies and other severely degraded ecosystems 2,222,222 Somaliland | 71 Promoting wide-scale adoption of low-cost integrated soil fertility management 833,333 (ISFM) for improving soil resources Assisting the Somali government with the development of a biomass energy policy 833,333 Develop a Power Master Plan 237,086 Cross Border Electrification and Interconnector Study 277,778 Total 31,070,419 Health Engaging the public in promotion of health, hygiene and safe drinking water, sanitation, 1,143,941 environmental hygiene, food safety, and safe waste disposal Promoting food-borne diseases laboratory-based surveillance by developing food 1,143,941 safety guidelines and interventions Introducing standardized rapid diagnostic technologies for prevalent 686,364 communicable diseases Active disease surveillance and early warning system 1,143,941 Prepositioning medical supplies and kits to undertake coordinated rapid response 1,143,941 Establishing an effective health information system that provides accurate and timely health 686,364 data for evidence planning and implementation supported by monitoring and evaluation Increasing cholera treatment centers in all regions 2,287,882 Promoting participation in improving public health at community level 1,143,941 Ensure availability of essential medicines, vaccines, and commodities 6,113,106 Establishing emergency response services 1,143,941 Ensuring immunization of all children and pregnant women against the major 2,287,882 child killer diseases Deploying more health care workers that are competent on tasks and treat 1,601,517 patients with dignity, respect, and compassion Supporting fixed and mobile clinics 2,287,882 Total 22,814,643 Nutrition Surveillance and M&E operations 2,144,650 Mobile clinic and Nutrition rehabilitation vans 4,289,300 Vitamin A Supplementation 321,698 People living with HIV and AIDS 428,930 Deworming 321,698 Capacity building 3,216,975 Procurement of material and rehabilitation 4,289,300 Health promotion and community mobilization 2,144,650 Implementation and operational support 4,289,300 Total 21,446,502 72 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment Education Learning spaces 3,410,000 Teachers 2,284,800 Learning materials/ kits 771,578 CEC structures to be supported 511,500 Data Tracking Costs 767,250 Total 7,745,128 Social Protection & Safety Nets Injection of minimum capacity in MoHADM and MoPIED 46,667 Social Protection Policy and Framework, Vulnerability Analysis, Capacity 420,833 Development of Government, Communication Strategy Database Inventory and Analysis 27,778 Design of pilot incl. registry, targeting methodology, transfer systems, monitoring systems, 1,388,889 grievance mechanism, vetting Pilot of system in select geographic areas (incl. urban and rural) targeting 100,000 1,777,778 Total 3,661,944 Food Security Improved food storage to reduce waste 5,555,556 Improved food security early warning systems 1,388,889 Support for the development of a national food security strategy 33,333 Support for the development of a national poverty reduction strategy 66,667 Total Needs 7,044,444 Livelihoods & Employment Support to Women and Youth to engage in the renewable energy sector 5,555,556 Support to Govt. Institutions to improve and/or establish Labor 527,778 Market Information Services Support to FGS and Federal State Govts to coordinate the E&L sector 55,556 Total 6,138,889 Gender & Social Inclusion Implementation of sex, age disaggregated data (SADD) and gender analysis tools 1,194,444 Gender-responsive governance and promote women's participation and leadership 1,222,222 Promote gender equality in disaster risk reduction 972,222 Women sustainable economic and livelihoods development 7,916,667 Gender based Violence (GBV) and targeted responses 972,222 Total 12,277,778 Governance Total TBD Somaliland | 73 Displacement & Migration Collection of sex and age disaggregated profile data of displaced and returning 555,556 populations Monitoring costs (social cohesion, displacement movements, etc.) 138,889 IDP personal identity documentation and civil registration 277,778 Capacity building of state and local authorities to promote recovery and resilience of IDP 277,778 populations Support Community-based participatory planning processes 555,556 Support for the participation in civic life, dispute resolution and peaceful co-existence in 277,778 displacement affected areas. Promoting land tenure security through improved policies and frameworks, including 138,889 improved land use planning Development and adoption of federal policy on internal displacement and reintegration of 138,889 returnees Assessment of conditions for safe return through area-based solutions analysis 138,889 Collect population profile data on remote/rural 277,778 Skills development and livelihoods restoration 3,333,333 Support for market access and strengthened value chains for partial returns (including 277,778 those with family member remaining in urban areas) Support the establishment and strengthening of local authorities 277,778 Communication and sensitization to support re/integration of IDPs and to enable 277,778 participation in civic life, dispute resolution and peaceful co-existence. Establish/strengthen transparent dispute resolution mechanism to manage land disputes 277,778 Total 7,222,222 DRR DRM Policy, Legislation and Institutional Harmonization 118,056 Capacity building of National DRM institutions 437,500 Early warning and information management system. 590,278 Drought Management system 243,056 Total 1,388,889 Macro Impact Mobile money for drought response 555,556 Regulatory support for the ICT Sector 111,111 Developing a National ID system 27,778 Financial Services 277,778 Total 972,222 74 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment 75 Mohammed © IOM/Muse South West State Overview and Pre-Drought Conditions of all the effects, while the physical (Water & Sanitation, Environment and Transport), social (Health, Nutrition South West state is comprised of the Bay, Bakool, and and Education), and cross-cutting themes make up 34.9 Lower Shabelle regions.31 The official capital is the coastal percent, 1.1 percent, and 1.2 percent, respectively. The city of Berawe in Lower Shabelle. However, Baidoa in the three most affected sectors are Environment & Natural Bay region is now the provisional capital, with the state Resource Management, Irrigated and Rain-fed Crops, government based here due to security concerns. and Livestock, comprising 33.4 percent, 32.8 percent, and 29.5 percent of the total effects, respectively. South West state of Somalia is potentially an agriculturally rich area with both the Juba and Shebelle In addition, South West State has been affected by the Rivers providing a strong point for the development movement of displaced persons during this drought and expansion of irrigated and rain-fed agriculture. period. In Baidoa alone, as of 31st August 2017, 234,105 The Juba and Shebelle Rivers are prime locations for new IDPs had arrived since November 2016, surpassing the development of dual-use dams dedicated to the the host community population in the city. This continues production of electricity and irrigation programs for to exert pressure on service delivery and infrastructure in sustained year-round crop production. Fisheries are urban and peri-urban areas.34 also a major economic driver due the presence of the nation’s largest artisanal fishing communities, based in Suggested recovery needs over the next five years Lower Shebelle. Additionally, previous mineral prospects are highlighted below; however, a more detailed list and surveys indicate that South West state has large, of recovery interventions can be found in the Drought untapped deposits of iron and uranium. Intervention and Recovery Plan, October 2017 to March 2019 of the South West State of Somalia. This describes needs by sector and by district, as well as proposing a DINA Findings32: Drought Impact33 governance and monitoring structure for interventions over 18 months. With damages amounting to USD 202 million and losses estimated at USD 425 million, the total effects of the A breakdown of damages and losses35 for South West drought in South West State are expected to exceed USD State can be found on page 78. 628 million. The productive sector (Irrigated & Rain-fed Crops, Livestock and Fisheries) accounts for 62.8 percent 31 Federal Government of Somalia. 2016. National Development Plan (2017-2019). 32 This report is based on regionally disaggregated data for Bay, Bakool and Lower Shabelle regions. 33 Unlike assessments following rapid onset disasters, drought assessments typically show larger economic losses than physical damages since the  drought impact is predominantly felt in economic terms rather than physical impact. The combined damages and losses in turn are typically greater than the recovery needs, particularly in the case of Somalia where many of the biggest immediate needs in food security, nutrition and social protection are covered by the HRP and not the DINA. In addition, the cost of inputs required for recovery is typically less than the value of outputs lost due to drought. 34 Drought Intervention and Recovery Plan, Oct 2017 to March 2019. 35  Damages are defined as total or partial destruction of physical assets existing in the affected area. Damages occur during and immediately after the disaster. Their monetary values are expressed as the replacement costs according to prices prevailing just before the event. Losses are defined as changes in economic flows arising from the disaster. They occur until full economic recovery and reconstruction is achieved, in some cases lasting for several years, but for the purposes of this assessment, losses have been projected up to January 2018. Typical losses include the decline in output in productive sectors (agriculture, livestock, and fisheries). 76 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment 77 © UNSOM DINA Findings: Recovery Needs Total recovery needs are estimated at USD 502.9 million. Of the sectors, Irrigated and Rain-fed Crops, and Urban Development and Municipal Services have the most needs, representing 43.2 percent and 25.9 percent of total needs, respectively. Some of the other sectors, ranked in terms of needs, are Water Supply and Sanitation (6 percent), and Transport (5.1 percent). Somalia 78 | |Somalia Drought Drought Impact Impact&& Needs Needs Assessment Assessment DINA Field Visits and Consultations: Key Findings The Ministry of Planning, Investment and Economic Development (MoPIED) and UN colleagues coordinated a field visit to Baidoa to undertake consultations with state-level line ministries, UN agencies operational in the state, and civil society representatives, regarding data collection, needs assessment and recovery strategies. Based on these consultations, the following sectors were identified as key priorities for recovery and resilience in Southwest State: Agriculture - Livestock: Livestock replenishment and the construction of a livestock market is required. Water Supply and Sanitation: Undertaking CFW schemes for the rehabilitation and construction of water points, birkets, and shallow wells is needed. Borehole drillings will also need to be undertaken throughout the state. Transport: Undertaking CFW schemes for the rehabilitation and construction of town cobblestone roads and feeder roads should be focused on. Health: Implementation of Integrated Community Care Management was identified as necessary to reduce infant and maternal mortality. In terms of cross-cutting areas, livelihoods restoration support such as seed distribution and livelihoods diversification was identified as important interventions. Targeted support to IDPs in terms of support packages for the resettlement of this population was seen as necessary considering the large numbers of displaced due to the drought. South West State | 79 Annex 13: Total Damages, Losses and Needs for South West State36 Table 13: Total Damages, Losses, and Needs for the South West State Cost (USD) Damages Losses Needs Productive Sectors Agriculture - Irrigated and Rain-fed Crops 54,961,000 150,622,742 217,269,517 Agriculture - Livestock 36,093,331 149,047,785 19,498,941 Agriculture - Fisheries - 3,231,202 941,667 Productive Sectors Total 91,054,331 302,901,729 237,710,124 Physical Sectors Water Supply & Sanitation 5,914,000 3,413,436 30,123,000 Transport - - 25,500,000 Environment & Natural Resource Management 105,509,275 104,273,166 9,642,2552 Physical Sectors Total 111,423,275 107,686,602 65,265,252 Social Sectors Health - 6,288,378 13.688,786 Nutrition - 510,703 17,208,368 Education - - 15,612,404 Social Sectors Total - 6,799,082 46,509,558 Cross-cutting Issues Urban Development & Municipal Services - - 130,161,622 Social Protection & Safety Nets - - 2,197,167 Food Security - - 4,226,667 Livelihoods & Employment - 7,770,361 3,683,333 Gender - - 7,366,667 Governance - - - Conflict - - - Displacement - - 4,333,333 Disaster Risk Reduction, Risk Financing and - - 833,333 Drought Resilience (DRR) Macro Impact - - 583,333 Cross-cutting Issues Total - 7,770,361 153,385,455 Grand Total 202,477,605 425,157,774 502,870,389 36 Governance needs are pending a determination of functional assignments within Government on drought recovery.  80 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment Annex 14: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for South West State Table 14: Detailed Sector Damages, Losses and Needs Tables for South West State DAMAGES COST (USD) Agriculture - Irrigated and rain-fed Crops Loss of Banana Trees 46,050,000 Primary Canal Damages 773,500 Direct Intake Canal Damages 1,592,500 Secondary Canal Damages 6,545,000 Total 54,961,000 Agriculture - Livestock Camels 15,338,931 Cattle 12,061,342 Sheep and Goats 8,693,057 Total 36,093,331 Water Supply & Sanitation Boreholes 5,500,000 Shallow Wells 414,000 Total 5,914,000 Environment & Natural Resource Management Xeric shrublands and grasslands desiccated 49,326,000 Tree cover loss in montane xeric woodlands 6,903,000 Soils eroded (wind erosion, tons) 204,750 Loss of soil fertility and associated functions 7,398,900 Reduction in yields of cereals and legumes 170,625 Trees lost as a result of increased charcoal production 41,506,000 Total 105,509,275 LOSSES COST (USD) Agriculture - Irrigated and rain-fed Crops Cowpeas 5,226,893 Maize 7,901,412 Sesame 21,658,400 Sorghum 13,644,706 Banana 45,954,778 Lemon 2,022,836 Grapefruit 10,843,747 Papaya 13,696,282 Watermelon 14,834,127 Tomatoes 13,283,287 South West State | 81 Onions 1,211,759 Legumes 344,513 Total 150,622,742 Agriculture - Livestock Camel Milk 25,832,381 Cow Milk 19,283,669 Sheep and Goat Milk 5,435,468 Camel Live Weight/Value 32,791,800 Cattle Live Weight/Value 29,115,259 Sheep and Goat Live Weight/Value 36,589,207 Total 149,047,785 Agriculture - Fisheries Loss of Sales 1,839,778 Loss of Consumption 978,641 Loss of Assets 206,392 Loss of Access to Fishing Grounds 206,392 Total 3,231,202 Water Supply & Sanitation Additional cost of water sold from Boreholes 3,107,760 Supplementation cost of water from dried, free sources 305,676 Total 3,413,436 Environment & Natural Resource Management Xeric shrublands and grasslands desiccated 68,508,333 Tree cover loss in montane xeric woodlands 767,000 Soils eroded (wind erosion, tons) 409,500 Trees lost as a result of increased charcoal production 34,588,333 Total 104,273,166 Health Increased Incidence of Cholera 559,581 Increased Primary-basic Healthcare costs 5,697,338 Increased Incidence of Measles 31,459 Total 6,288,378 Nutrition Increased Cost of treating General Acute Malnutrition 382,425 Increased Cost of treating Severe Acute Malnutrition 128,278 Total 510,703 Livelihoods & Employment Transporters 3,489,480 Petty Traders 1,089,840 82 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment Milk Traders 3,172,596 Skins and Hides 18,444 Total 7,770,361 NEEDS COST (USD) Agriculture - Irrigated and rain-fed Crops Emergency services provision: access by destitute farmers to staple food & 48,542,039 high-quality seeds Irrigation canal rehabilitation 76,238,472 Recovery / resilience of banana plantations (small and large) 8,802,500 Improving farm management practices (incl. SMART, Post-Harvest Handling) 23,678,900 Institutional capacity building for better governance 8,707,578 Rebuilding agriculture research and extension system 20,840,038 Strengthening informal and building formal seed system 10,165,872 Water and watershed management 20,294,118 Total 217,269,517 Agriculture - Livestock Veterinary services development 14,954,824 Feed development 705,882 Restocking with focus in southcentral regions 1,058,824 Rehabilitation of livestock water infrastructures 705,882 Rangeland management 882,353 Capacity Development 352,941 Poultry Production 220,588 Bee keeping 176,471 Genetic research and breeding 441,176 Total 19,498,941 Agriculture - Fisheries Distribution of Fishing Kits 25,000 Development of Fishing Landing Sites 333,333 Development of spate fed desert aquaculture 250,000 Development of dried fish 333,333 Total 941,667 Water Supply & Sanitation Construction of new Boreholes 12,833,333 Rehabilitation of Boreholes 2,533,333 Construction of new Shallow wells 322,500 Rehabilitation of Shallow wells 364,000 Construction of new Berkads 33,833 South West State | 83 Rehabilitation of Berkads 36,000 Urban/Rural sanitation (drainage, sewage, and solid waste management) 8,333,333 Institutional strengthening and Capacity building 5,666,667 Total 30,123,000 Transport Construction and Rehabilitation of Roads 25,500,000 Total 25,500,000 Environment & Natural Resource Management Immediate capacity building of government forest rangers 333,333 Immediate re-seeding of selected rangelands with fast-growing grass species 833,333 Setting up germplasm mother blocks (seed production zones for indigenous 833,333 fruit tree species) Improvement of energy efficiency of existing charcoal carbonization and kilning systems 1,333,333 Scaling up evergreen agriculture by integrating with trees-on-farm agroforestry 2,000,000 systems and ISFM Development of legislation to support zoning of wildlife parks, migratory corridors 166,667 Training forest end users on sustainable extractive techniques for NWFPs 833,333 Technical capacity improvement of Somali government - remote sensing, GIS, national lab 666,667 Rehabilitation of selected gullies and other severely degraded ecosystems 1,333,333 Promoting wide-scale adoption of low-cost integrated soil fertility management 500,000 (ISFM) for improving soil resources Assisting the Somali government with the development of a biomass energy policy 500,000 Develop a Power Master Plan 142,252 Cross Border Electrification and Interconnector Study 166,667 Total 9,642,252 Health Engaging the public in promotion of health, hygiene and safe drinking water, sanitation, 686,365 environmental hygiene, food safety, and safe waste disposal Promoting food-borne diseases laboratory-based surveillance by developing food safety 686,365 guidelines and interventions Introducing standardized rapid diagnostic technologies for prevalent 411,819 communicable diseases Active disease surveillance and early warning system 686,365 Prepositioning medical supplies and kits to undertake coordinated rapid response 686,365 Establishing an effective health information system that provides accurate and timely health 411,819 data for evidence planning and implementation supported by monitoring and evaluation Increasing cholera treatment centers in all regions 1,372,729 Promoting participation in improving public health at community level 686,365 Ensure availability of essential medicines, vaccines, and commodities 3,667,863 Establishing emergency response services 686,365 Ensuring immunization of all children and pregnant women against the 1,372,729 major child killer diseases 84 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment Deploying more health care workers that are competent on tasks and treat 960,910 patients with dignity, respect, and compassion Supporting fixed and mobile clinics 1,372,729 Total 13,688,786 Nutrition Surveillance and M&E operations 1,720,837 Mobile clinic and Nutrition rehabilitation vans 3,441,674 Vitamin A Supplementation 258,126 People living with HIV and AIDS 344,167 Deworming 258,126 Capacity building 2,581,255 Procurement of material and rehabilitation 3,441,674 Health promotion and community mobilization 1,720,837 Implementation and operational support 3,441,674 Total 17,208,368 Education Learning spaces 6,870,000 Teachers 4,611,600 Learning materials/ kits 1,554,554 CEC structures to be supported 1,030,500 Data Tracking Costs 1,545,750 Total 15,612,404 Urban Development & Municipal Services Shelter 39,940,550 Education 20,183,663 Health 776,955 Water and Sanitation 5,019,294 Jobs 62,741,160 Institutional Strengthening 1,500,000 Total 130,161,622 Social Protection & Safety Nets Injection of minimum capacity in MoHADM and MoPIED 28,000 Social Protection Policy and Framework, Vulnerability Analysis, Capacity Development 252,500 of Government, Communication Strategy Database Inventory and Analysis 16,667 Design of pilot incl. registry, targeting methodology, transfer systems, monitoring systems, 833,333 grievance mechanism, vetting Pilot of system in select geographic areas (incl. urban and rural) targeting 100,000 1,066,667 Total 2,197,167 South West State | 85 Food Security Improved food storage to reduce waste 3,333,333 Improved food security early warning systems 833,333 Support for the development of a national food security strategy 20,000 Support for the development of a national poverty reduction strategy 40,000 Total Needs 4,226,667 Livelihoods & Employment Support to Women and Youth to engage in the renewable energy sector 3,333,333 Support to Govt. Institutions to improve and/or establish Labor Market 316,667 Information Services Support To FGS and Federal State Govts to coordinate the E&L sector 33,333 Total 3,683,333 Gender & Social Inclusion Implementation of sex, age disaggregated data (SADD) and gender analysis tools 716,667 Gender-responsive governance and promote women's participation and leadership 733,333 Promote gender equality in disaster risk reduction 583,333 Women sustainable economic and livelihoods development 4,750,000 Gender based Violence (GBV) and targeted responses 583,333 Total 7,366,667 Governance Total TBD Displacement & Migration Collection of sex and age disaggregated profile data of displaced and 333,333 returning populations Monitoring costs (social cohesion, displacement movements, etc.) 83,333 IDP personal identity documentation and civil registration 166,667 Capacity building of state and local authorities to promote recovery and 166,667 resilience of IDP populations Support Community-based participatory planning processes 333,333 86 | Somalia Drought Impact & Needs Assessment Support for the participation in civic life, dispute resolution and peaceful co-existence 166,667 in displacement affected areas. Promoting land tenure security through improved policies and frameworks, 83,333 including improved land use planning Development and adoption of federal policy on internal displacement and 83,333 reintegration of returnees Assessment of conditions for safe return through area-based solutions analysis 83,333 Collect population profile data on remote/rural 166,667 Skills development and livelihoods restoration 2,000,000 Support for market access and strengthened value chains for partial returns 166,667 (including those with family member remaining in urban areas) Support the establishment and strengthening of local authorities 166,667 Communication and sensitization to support re/integration of IDPs and to enable 166,667 participation in civic life, dispute resolution and peaceful co-existence. Establish/strengthen transparent dispute resolution mechanism to manage land disputes 166,667 Total 4,333,333 DRR DRM Policy, Legislation and Institutional Harmonization 70,833 Capacity building of National DRM institutions 262,500 Early warning and information management system. 354,167 Drought Management system 145,833 Total 833,333 Macro Impact Mobile money for drought response 333,333 Regulatory support for the ICT Sector 66,667 Developing a National ID system 16,667 Financial Services 166,667 Total 583,333 South West State | 87 © UNSOM © UNDP © IOM/Muse 89 Somalia Mohammed