KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                              Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa




  Environmental and Social Management Framework
                                     and
                       Resettlement Policy Framework

  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Human Capital Investment Project
                        (KPHCIP)




Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP)
Planning and Development Department,
Health Department,
Secondary Education Department

May 8, 2020




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KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                                            Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa




Table of Contents
List of Tables ................................................................................................................. 6
List of Figures ............................................................................................................... 8
Acronyms ....................................................................................................................... 9
Executive Summary .................................................................................................... 13
‫نÙ?اذ سے متعلقÛ? خالصÛ?‬........................................................................................................ 20
     Introduction ........................................................................................................ 29
                 Background..................................................................................................................... 29
                 Project Overview ............................................................................................................ 30
                 Project Duration ............................................................................................................. 30
                 Project Target Districts ................................................................................................. 30
                 Project Beneficiaries ...................................................................................................... 30
                 Project Implementation Arrangements ....................................................................... 30
                 Project Development Objectives ................................................................................... 31
                 Need for Environmental and Social Management Framework and Resettlement
                 Policy Framework.......................................................................................................... 31
                                Purpose and Objectives of ESMF ................................................................................ 31
                                Structure of the Report ................................................................................................. 32
                                Methodology ................................................................................................................ 32
       Review of Policy, Legal and Regulatory Framework in KP .......................... 34
                 Institutional Setup for Environmental Management in Pakistan and KP................ 34
                 Key National and Provincial Laws and Regulations................................................... 35
                                Pakistan Environnemental Protection Ordinance (EPO) - 1983 .................................. 35
                                Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 .............................................................. 35
                                Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Environment Protection Act 2014 ............................................ 36
                                Hospital Waste Management Rules 2005 .................................................................... 38
                                National Action Plan for COVID-19 Pakistan ............................................................. 38
                 NAP ................................................................................................................................. 38
                 Applicable World Bank Operational Policies.............................................................. 41
                                Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines .............................................................. 42
                 WHO Guidelines ............................................................................................................ 43
                 Obligations under International Treaties .................................................................... 44
                 Summary of Environmental and Social guidelines to be followed for the Project ... 46
                                National/provincial guidelines ..................................................................................... 46
                                World Bank Guidelines ................................................................................................ 46
                 Gap Analysis of Land Acquisition Act & World Bank Policies ................................. 47
       Project Description ............................................................................................. 49
                 Component 1: Improving Primary Health Care Service Delivery (PHCSD)
                 (US$77.2 million equivalent). ........................................................................................ 49
                 Component 2: Improving Availability and Quality of Education Services (US$109
                 million equivalent). ........................................................................................................ 52
                 Component 3: Strengthening Community Engagement and Accountability
                 (US$13.8 million equivalent). ........................................................................................ 54



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KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                                                Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



       Environmental and Social Baseline of Project Districts ................................. 56
                 Project Area .................................................................................................................... 56
                 Physical Environment .................................................................................................... 60
                                Topography and Soil .................................................................................................... 60
                                Climate ......................................................................................................................... 61
                                Water Resources .......................................................................................................... 62
                                Natural Hazard Vulnerability ....................................................................................... 64
                                Ambient Air Quality .................................................................................................... 65
                 Ecological Environment ................................................................................................ 66
                                Protected Areas ............................................................................................................ 67
                                Forests .......................................................................................................................... 69
                 Biological Environment ................................................................................................. 69
                                Flora ............................................................................................................................. 69
                                Fauna ............................................................................................................................ 70
                                Demography and population ........................................................................................ 70
                                Health ........................................................................................................................... 70
                                COVID-19 Situation Analysis in Pakistan ................................................................... 73
                                Education ..................................................................................................................... 74
                                Education in the Context of COVID-19 ....................................................................... 82
                                Gender Based Violence ................................................................................................ 83
                                Afghan Refugees .......................................................................................................... 84
       Stakeholder Consultations ................................................................................. 86
                 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 86
                 Consultation Process and Outcome .............................................................................. 86
                                Consultations with Secondary Stakeholders ................................................................ 89
       Project Screening and Impact Assessment ...................................................... 95
                 Environment and Social Screening criteria ................................................................. 95
                 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Screening ............................................................ 97
                 Detailed Description of Environmental Impacts (Health and Education facilities) . 97
                                Impacts on Physical Environment ................................................................................ 97
                                Impacts on Biological Environment ........................................................................... 102
                                Socio-economic Impacts ............................................................................................ 103
                                Risk of Spread of Infection during Rehabilitation/Construction Works .................... 109
                                Gender and Social Impacts with respect to COVID-19 ............................................. 111
       Guidelines for the preparation of Environmental and Social Management
       Plan .................................................................................................................... 115
                 Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation for Health Care and Education
                 Facilities during construction phase .......................................................................... 116
                 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures for Health
                 Care and Education Facilities during Operation Phase ........................................... 133
       Resettlement Policy Framework ..................................................................... 135
                 Objectives of RPF......................................................................................................... 136
                 Requirements of RPF................................................................................................... 136
                                Avoid Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement ............................................. 136
                                Eligibility for Compensation ...................................................................................... 137
                                Entitlements without Legal Claims to Land ............................................................... 137




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KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                                             Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



                               Compensation and Rehabilitation .............................................................................. 137
                               Livelihood Restoration ............................................................................................... 138
                               Resettlement Assistance ............................................................................................. 138
                               Vulnerable Groups ..................................................................................................... 138
                               Consultations.............................................................................................................. 138
                               Timing of Relocation ................................................................................................. 138
                               Organization and Administrative Arrangements ........................................................ 138
                               Monitoring and Reporting .......................................................................................... 138
                               Cut-off Date ............................................................................................................... 139
                               Linking Resettlement Activities to Civil Work .......................................................... 139
                               Eligibility and Entitlements........................................................................................ 139
                               Voluntary Land Donation Framework ....................................................................... 146
                               VLD Due Diligence ................................................................................................... 146
                               VLD Documentation .................................................................................................. 147
                               VLD Monitoring ........................................................................................................ 147
                               Grievance Redress Mechanism .................................................................................. 147
                               Consultations.............................................................................................................. 147
                 Preparing Resettlement Action Plans (RAP) ............................................................. 147
                               Methodology of Screening ......................................................................................... 148
                               Community Participation and Consultations .............................................................. 148
                               Field Surveys ............................................................................................................. 148
                               Valuation of Assets .................................................................................................... 148
                               Compensation, Income Restoration and Relocation .................................................. 149
                               Implementation Arrangements ................................................................................... 149
                               PMU ........................................................................................................................... 149
                               Grievance Redressal Mechanism ............................................................................... 149
                               Internal Monitoring .................................................................................................... 149
                               External Monitoring Agency...................................................................................... 149
                               Board of Revenue....................................................................................................... 150
                               District Administration............................................................................................... 150
                               Budget and Financing ................................................................................................ 150
       Health Care Waste Management Guidelines ................................................. 151
       ESMF Implementation Arrangements ........................................................... 156
                 Institutional setup ........................................................................................................ 156
                 Environmental and Social Safeguard (ESS) Management ....................................... 157
                 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) Preparation ....................... 158
                 Capacity Building......................................................................................................... 158
                 Monitoring & Evaluation ............................................................................................ 158
       Citizen Engagement.......................................................................................... 162
                 Stakeholder Consultation and Participation ............................................................. 162
                 Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) ..................................................................... 163
                 Objectives of Grievance Redress Mechanism............................................................ 163
                 Grievance Redress Mechanism for KPHCIP ............................................................ 164
       Implementation Budget.................................................................................... 165
       Disclosure .......................................................................................................... 169
       Annexures .......................................................................................................... 170



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KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                                       Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



      Annexure 1: IEE/EIA Regulations ......................................................................................... 170
      Annexure 2: National EQS for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ........................................................ 174
      Annexure 3: Matrix on Key Provincial Departments and their Assigned Responsibilities
            ....................................................................................................................................... 180
      Annexure 4a: Community Consultation Questionnaire....................................................... 183
      Annexure 4b: Stakeholder Consultations Questionnaire..................................................... 191
      Annexure 5: Minutes of consultations with Health and Education department stakeholders
           (include list of participants) ........................................................................................ 194
      Annexure 6: Checklist of Likely Environmental and Social Impacts of Sub-projects
           screening ....................................................................................................................... 200
      Annexure 7: Physical Cultural Resource (PCR) Management Framework/Chance Find
           Procedure...................................................................................................................... 204
      Annexure-8: Land Acquisition and Resettlement Screening Checklist .............................. 207
      Annexure-9: VLD/ Due Diligence Screening Checklist ........................................................ 209
      Annexure-10: Sample Agreement for Voluntary Land Donation ....................................... 210
      Annexure-11: Process and Outline of Resettlement Action Plan ........................................ 212
      Annexure-12: Proposed Structure of Grievance Redress Mechanism ............................... 216
      Annexure-13: Environmental, Occupational Health and Safety Risks (Checklist) for
           COVID-19..................................................................................................................... 219




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KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                             Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa




List of Tables
Table 2.1: WB Safeguard Policies ......................................................................................... 41
Table 2.2: IFC/ World Bank Applicable EHS Guidelines ....................................................... 43
Table 2.3: Relevant International Treaties to which Pakistan is Signatory.............................. 44
Table 3.1: Minimum Health Services Delivery Package (MHSDP) at PHC level in KP Primary
                Health Care Facility Type in KP and Services Provided ................................. 50
Table 4.1: Rainfall (mm) and Temperature (°C).................................................................... 61
Table 4.2: Natural Hazard Vulnerability Assessment by NDMA ............................................ 64
Table 4.3: Air Quality Index of Project Districts ................................................................... 65
Table 4.4: Concentration of different pollutant gases in different sites of Peshawar City ......... 66
Table 4.5: Agro-Ecological Zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ................................................... 67
Table 4.6: Protected Areas of Project Districts ...................................................................... 68
Table 4.7: Forests in Project Districts ................................................................................... 69
Table 4.8 Demographic Statistics ......................................................................................... 70
Table 4.9: KP Health Care Facilities Network ...................................................................... 71
Table 4.10: District/Tehsil Wise Number of Govt. Health Institutions & their Bed Strength in
                Khyber Pakhtunkhwa .................................................................................. 72
Table 4.11: Women using Antenatal Care in Project Districts ................................................ 72
Table 4.12: Situation for immunization in Project Districts (2018) ......................................... 73
Table 4.13 Key Health Outcomes and Service Utilization Indicators in KP vis a vis National and
                SAR.............................................................................................................. 73
Table 4.14: Total Number of Schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa .............................................. 77
Table 4.15: Percentage of Government Schools without Basic Facilities ................................. 77
Table 4.16: Gender Wise Enrolment in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa............................................... 78
Table 4.17: Number of Working Teachers in Govt. Schools ................................................... 78
Table 4.18: Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in Peshawar District ............................................ 79
Table 4.19: Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) in Peshawar District ................................................ 79
Table 4.20: Number of Government Primary Schools with/without Basic Facilities in Peshawar
                District ......................................................................................................... 79
Table 4.21: Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in Nowshera District ............................................ 80
Table 4.22: Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) in Nowshera District................................................ 80
Table 4.23: Number of Government Primary Schools with/without Basic Facilities in Nowshera
                District ......................................................................................................... 80
Table 4.24: Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in Haripur District .............................................. 81
Table 4.25: Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) in Haripur District .................................................. 81
Table 4.26: Number of Government Primary Schools with/without Basic Facilities in Haripur
                District ......................................................................................................... 81
Table 4.27: Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in Swabi District .................................................. 82
Table 4.28: Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) in Swabi District ..................................................... 82
Table 4.29: Number of Government Primary Schools with/without Basic Facilities in Swabi
                District ......................................................................................................... 82
Table 4.30: Number of Afghan Refugees by District .............................................................. 84
Table 5.1: List of Communities Consulted for Health (Afghan Refugees and Host Communities)
                ..................................................................................................................... 86




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KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                       Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



Table 5.2: Summary of Consultations with Primary Stakeholders on Health (Afghan Refugees
                and Host Communities) ................................................................................. 87
Table 5.3: List of Communities Consulted for Education (Afghan Refugees and Host
                Communities) ............................................................................................... 88
Table 5.4: Summary of Consultations with Primary Stakeholders on Education (Afghan
                Refugees and Host Communities) .................................................................. 88
Table 5.5: Summary of Consultations with Secondary Stakeholders ...................................... 90
Table 6.1: Subcomponent Screening Criteria ........................................................................ 95
Table 7.1: Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures for Health and
                Education Facilities during Construction Phase ........................................... 117
Table 7.2: Environment and Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures for Health Care and
                Education Facilities at Operation Stage ....................................................... 133
Table 8.1: Entitlements Matrix ........................................................................................... 139
Table 9.1: General Management Guidelines for Health Care Waste Management ................ 152
Table 10.1: Capacity Building and Training Framework Health .......................................... 159
Table 10.2: Capacity Building and Training Framework Education..................................... 160
Table 12.1: ESMF Implementation Budget for Five Years ................................................... 165




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KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                       Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa




List of Figures
Figure 4.1: Map of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ............................................................................. 57
Figure 4.2: Map of Peshawar District ................................................................................... 58
Figure 4.3: Map of Nowshera District ................................................................................... 59
Figure 4.4: Map of Haripur District............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 4.5: Map of Swabi District ......................................................................................... 60
Figure 4.6: Map of Seismic Zones of Pakistan ....................................................................... 65
Figure 4.7: Agro-ecological Zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa .................................................. 67
Figure 4.8: Mapping Education Administration- KP ............................................................. 75




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KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                     Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa




Acronyms

  ADE               Associate Degree Program in Education
  ANC               Antenatal Care
  AQI               Air Quality Index
  ASER              Annual Status of Education Report
  BHUs              Basic Health Units
  BOQs              Bill of Quantities
  CAR               Commissionerate for Afghan Refugees
  CBD               Convention on Biological Diversity
  CEmONC            Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care
  CITES             Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
  CMS               Conservation of Migratory Species
  CMW               Community Midwives
  CPS               Country Partnership Strategy
  CRC               Complaint Redressal Cell
  CVD               Cardio-Vascular Diseases
  DCs               Deputy Commissioners
  DCTE              Directorate of Curriculum and Teachers Education
  DDWP              Department Development Working Party
  DEO               District Education Officer
  DEP               District Education Plans
  DESE              Directorate of Elementary and Secondary Education
  DHIS              District Health Information System
  DHMT              District Health Management Team
  DHO               District Health Officers
  DHQ               District Headquarter Hospitals
  DOH               Department of Health
  DP                Development Partners
  DRC               District Recruitment Committee
  DRR               Disaster Risk Reduction
  EAC               Experts Advisory Committee
  ECOP              Environmental Code of Practice
  EEF               Elementary Education Foundation
  EHS               Environment, Health and Safety
  EIA               Environmental Impact Assessment
  EMIS              Education Management Information System
  EPI               Environmental Performance Index
  EPO               Environmental Protection Ordinance
  EQS               Environmental Quality Standard
  ESC               Environmental Standards Committee
  ESEF              Elementary and Secondary Education Foundation
  ESIA              Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
  ESMF              Environmental and Social Management Framework
  ESMP              Environmental and Social Management Plan




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KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                  Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



  ESP               Education Sector Plan
  ESRU              Education Sector Reforms Unit
  ESS               Environmental and Social Safeguard
  FATA              Federally Administered Tribal Areas
  FP                Family Planning
  FY                Fiscal Year
  GBV               Gender Based Violence
  GDP               Gross Domestic Product
  GoP               Government of Pakistan
  GER               Gross Enrolment Ratio
  GIS               Global Imaging System
  GLOFs             Glacial Lake Outburst Floods
  GNI               Gross National Income
  GPI               Gender Parity Index
  GRC               Grievance Redressal Committees
  GRM               Grievance Redress Mechanism
  HCF               Health Care Facilities
  HCWMP/F           Health Care Waste Management Plan/ Framework
  HCWMS             Health Care Waste Management System
  HDI               Human Development Index
  HNP               Health, Nutrition and Population
  HRH               Human Resources for Health
  IDA               International Development Association
  IDS               Integrated Development Strategy
  IEE               Initial Environmental Examination
  IFC               International Finance Corporation
  IMF               International Monetary Fund
  IMU               Independent Monitoring Unit
  IUCN              International Union for Conservation of Nature
  KESP              KP Education Sector Program
  Km                Kilometre
  KP                Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
  KPCAR             KP Commissionerate of Afghan Refugees
  KPEPA             KP Environmental Protection Agency
  KPHCIP            Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
  LCM               Larger Community Meeting
  LHV               Lady Health Visitor
  LHW               Lady Health Worker
  LMO               Living Modified Organisms
  MCH               Mother Child Health
  MDGs              Millennium Development Goals
  MHSDP             Minimum Health Services Delivery Package
  MIS               Management Information System
  MNCH              Maternal, Newborn and Child Health
  MTI               Medical Training/Teaching Institutions
  NCD               Non-Communicable Disease




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KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                    Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



  NDMA              National Disaster Management Authority
  NEMIS             National Education Management Information System
  NEQS              National Environmental Quality Standards
  NER               Net Enrolment Ratio
  NFC               National Finance Commission
  NGO               Non-governmental Organization
  NOC               No Objection Certificate
  NWFP              North-West Frontier Province
  OHS               Occupational health and Safety
  OOSC              Out of School Children
  PAD               Project Appraisal Document
  PAP               Project Affected Persons
  PC                Planning Commission
  PD                Project Director
  PDHS              Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey
  PDO               Project Development Objective
  PEACE             Provincial Education Assessment Centre
  PEPA              Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency
  PEPC              Pakistan Environmental Protection Council
  PFC               Provincial Finance Commission
  PGA               Peak Ground Acceleration
  PHC               Primary Health Care
  PITE              Provincial Institute for Teacher's Education
  PKR               Pakistani Rupee
  PM                Particulate Matter
  PMD               Pakistan Meteorological Department
  PMU               Project Management Unit
  PNC               Post Natal Care
  POM               Project Operation Manual
  PPE               Personal Protective Equipment
  PSC               Project Steering Committee
  PSRA              Private Schools Regulatory Authority
  PTC               Parent Teacher Council
  PTSMC             Parent Teacher School Management Committees
  PWD               Person with Disability
  RAA               Refugee Affected Areas
  RAP               Resettlement Action Plan
  RPF               Resettlement Policy Framework
  RHC               Rural Healthcare Center
  RITE              Regional Institutes for Teacher Education
  RMNCHN            Reproductive Maternal Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition
  RSW               Regional Sub-window
  RV                Refugee Villages
  SAR               South Asia Region
  SDGs              Sustainable Development Goals
  SED               Secondary Education Department




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KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                  Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



  SEF               Secondary Education Foundation
  SG                Safeguard
  SSAR              Solutions Strategy for Afghan Refugees
  TB                Tuberculosis
  TEMIS             Teacher Education Management System
  THQ               Tehsil Headquarter
  TMI               Teaching Medical Institutions
  TOR               Terms of Reference
  TPM               Third Party Monitoring
  TPV               Third Party Validation
  UNCCD             United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
  UNDP              United Nation Development Program
  UNFCCC            United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
  UNHCR             United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
  US                United States
  VAW               Violence Against Women
  VLD               Voluntary Land Donation
  VSBK              Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln
  WASH              Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
  WBG               World Bank Group
  WHO               World Health Organization




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KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                           Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa




Executive Summary

Introduction: The Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (GoKP) is preparing the KP Human
Capital Investment Project (KPHCIP) with support from the World Bank (WB). The project
will be implemented by provincial Planning and Development Department through Health
Department and Elementary and Secondary Education Department. In line with the
national/provincial laws as well as WB safeguard requirements; and to address potentially
negative environmental and social impacts of the Project, the GoKP has conducted an
environmental and social assessment of the proposed activities. As an outcome of this
assessment, this Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) has been
prepared.

Context and Rationale: Pakistan is facing economic challenges amid long-standing policy
and structural weaknesses. Over the last five years, the economy has accelerated with a gross
domestic product (GDP) growth of almost 5 percent, but unbalanced policies and limited
progress in structural reforms has led to a fiscal deficit of 6.5 percent of GDP in fiscal year
(FY) 2018. KP is confronted with a number of serious issues. The economy of the province has
been jolted by external and internal security shocks. The influx of large numbers of refugees
(around 822,429 Afghan registered and non-registered refugees 1 in late 70’s has severely
affected access to and utilization of quality health and education services for both host
communities and refugees.2

The Project: KPHCIP aims to improve utilization of quality health and education services in
selected refugee hosting districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by directly investing to fill supply-
and demand- side gaps and strengthening service delivery systems through improved
management and governance.

Project Development Objective (PDO): The proposed Project Development Objective (PDO)
is to improve availability, utilization and quality of primary healthcare and elementary
education services in selected districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Project Area and Beneficiaries: The project will be implemented in four target districts which
tentatively are Peshawar, Nowshera, Haripur and Swabi. These districts cover close to half of
the KP population and host two-thirds of the Afghan refugee population in KP (63 percent).
The districts have been selected based on size of refugee population and/or availability of
funding from provincial government Annual Development Plan or developmental partners.
Given the high concentration of population, these districts have been very much affected by
the COVID-19 pandemic.-The direct project beneficiaries will be children, adolescents, and
women of reproductive age with a focus on refugees and host communities living in Refugee
Affected Areas (RAAs) in these districts. Health and Education departments will achieve
stronger and more effective governance and management capacities as a result of this project.
Further, support to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic will also be included in the criteria.
Given that the Pandemic Response Effectiveness Project (PREP) also supports the province of
KP, all interventions under the proposed operation and related to COVID-19 will be carried
out in a complementary manner with those covered by PREP.



1
 UNHCR website
2
 UNHCR, GoP, and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). 2018.Needs Assessment for Refugee Affected Areas – Phase II. April
2008.




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KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                    Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



Project Components: Project has three components which focus on strengthening system and
improving services in both education and health sector ultimately supporting the demand
creation for the utilization of the services. Component 1: aims to improve primary health care
service delivery by strengthening the delivery of quality Primary Health Care (PHC) in the
selected districts of KP including supporting those districts in dealing with the COVID-19
pandemic aligned with the GoKP COVID-19 response plan. Component 2: aims to contribute
to improved availability and quality of educational opportunities to all children, especially girls
and refugees, in selected host districts of KP and take into account the need to cater for the
current school disruptions resulting from COVID-19. Component 3: aims to strengthen
community engagement and accountability to support demand creation which will lead to an
increase in utilization of PHC and education services and includes activities which will be
important to help communities in COVID-19 prevention.

Methodology: The data for the framework was collected on the variables of interest in an
established and systematic manner. Primary data was collected through interviews with key
informants, stakeholder consultations in institutions and communities with the relevant
stakeholders and through the baseline data on environment and social condition in the districts.
The interviews were designed to ask questions that were likely to yield as much information as
possible and was also able to address the aims and objectives of the research. The primary
information was supplemented and substantiated by the review of international, national and
provincial legal obligation.

Regulatory Review: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Environmental Protection Act 2014 being
principle legislation of environmental protection in the province envisages protection,
improvement, conservation and rehabilitation with the help of legal action against polluters and
ensure green awakening of communities. The discharge or emission of any effluent, waste, air
pollutant or noise in an amount, concentration or level in excess of the Environmental Quality
Standards (EQS) specified by the KP Environmental Protection Agency (EPAKP) has been
prohibited under the Act. Hospital Waste Management (HWM) Rules 2005 developed under
Pakistan Environment Protection Act, 1997 and applicable on all the provinces. HWM Rules,
2005 require each healthcare facility to constitute a waste management team, and responsible
for the proper management of the waste generated by it till final disposal with the provision of
act and its rules. Since the hospital waste management under KPHCIP will be outsourced to a
licensed private firm under public private partnerships, these rules may not be directly
applicable to this project, however the licenced partnered firm needs to manage the hospital
waste management as per the HWM Rules, 2005. According to OP 4.01, the World Bank
requires environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for Bank financing to help ensure
that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus to improve decision making.
Depending on the project, a range EA of instruments are available to fulfil their requirements.

For KPHCIP, specific construction sites, and level of development has not been finalised;
therefore, a framework approach has been adopted and Environmental and Social Management
Framework (ESMF) has been prepared. Environmental and Social Management Framework
(ESMF) outlines the prerequisite environmental and social screening and, assessments of
proposed project activities. As the project is not proposing major infrastructure and industrial
development, it has been assigned Category B due to its low scale, localized, and reversible
environmental and social impacts. This ESMF identifies the potential negative environmental
and social impacts, proposes generic mitigation measures, provides basic screening criteria, list
the type of safeguard instruments to be developed and formulates institutional, monitoring,
reporting and documentation measures for environmental and social safeguards compliance.




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KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                          Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



Based on available information, World Bank Policies on Environmental Assessment OP/BP
4.01 and Involuntary Resettlement OP/BP 4.12 have been triggered.

Baseline: According to the national population census conducted in 2017, the population of
the KP province has increased to 30.52 million as compared to 17.74 million in 1998 recording
an increase of 58% of over the last 19 years. The total population of the project districts is
7,309,448 with 2,544,156 people residing in urban areas and around 4,765,292 in rural areas.
The most updated figure by UNHCR shows that as of January 1, 2020 there are around 822,429
Afghan Refugees in KP spread across rural and urban areas, as well as in ‘refugee villages’ or
camps making KP a host to the largest number of refugees in Pakistan.3

The overall terrain of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa consists of mountain ranges, undulating sub-
mountain areas, and plains surrounded by hills. The climatic profile of the Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa province is extremely diverse due to various altitudes and vegetation cover,
mountain barriers and topography. Its climate varies from the dry and hot rocky zones in south
to the cool and lavish green forests in the north.4 In KP, water stress has been exacerbated by
reckless dumping of chemical waste into surface water bodies, exploitation of underground
water and water intensive manufacturing processes, with increasing pressure generated by
population growth, agriculture, deforestation and impacts of climate change. With losses to
storage capacity of water and increasing water stress per capita, surface water availability in
KP is likely to fall. 5 Groundwater in project districts is a major source of potable water,
however it is also used for industrial and irrigation purposes. The water table in the project
districts ranges from 50ft leading up to 250 ft in some areas. The predominant source of
drinking water in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is groundwater. However, due to persistent withdrawal
and dwindling re-charge processes, the groundwater is depleting rapidly at many places.6 There
are 25 protected sites in project districts which include 3 wildlife parks, 10 game reserves, 3
community game reserves, 8 private game reserves and 1 unclassified, covering an area of
49,034 ha. 7

The project districts have 40 government hospitals, 77 Dispensaries, 21 Rural Health Centres
(RHCs), 155 Basic Health Units (BHUs), 11 Mother and Child Health Centres (MCH) and 8
TB clinics. The total number of schools in the province are 27514. The project interventions
are planned within the premises of existing health care and school facilities and are not likely
to be carried out in protected areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Stakeholder Consultation: The communities and relevant stakeholders within and around the
project area were consulted during the fieldwork. The objectives of the consultation were to
brief the community about the proposed development and to note down their views and
concerns regarding social and environmental impacts due to the project during construction
and operation phases. Consultations with relevant Institutional stakeholders were also
conducted to understand institutional arrangements for ESMF, mechanisms to be adapted for
monitoring environmental and social safeguards, grievance and redressal, and resettlement
policies. These consultations revealed that the proposed project is considered to have a positive
social impact by improving livelihoods through creation of income generation activities.



3
 https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/pak#category-7
4
 Environmental Protection Agency. (2016). KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY. Forestry, Environment & Wildlife
Department, GoKP
5
Environmental Protection Agency, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. (2016). Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Climate Change Policy
6
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Drinking Water Policy, 2015
7
PPAF. (2014). Environmental and Social Management Framework .




Executive Summary                                                                                                     Page | 15
KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                  Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



Respondents were of opinion that any activity that has potential to harm the natural
environment shall be managed through proper mitigation measures.

Impact Assessment: As a part of this study an impact assessment has been carried out to
provide a guidance on anticipated environmental and social impacts to suggest generic
mitigation measures. The overall environmental and social impacts of each can be mitigated
with the implementation arrangement focusing on measures that reduce the impact to as low as
possible. The associated environmental and social impacts include air and water pollution,
noise generation, drainage and safety hazards, and water contamination especially surface
water. Generic mitigation and management measures are proposed in the Environmental and
Social Mitigation and Management Framework for construction sites. Potential environmental
impacts to be generated during the construction and operations stage include dust and air
emissions, water quality impacts due to discharge of untreated sewage, solid waste
management impacts related to the construction materials and noise impacts due to the
construction activities. The social impacts during both construction and operation stages
include community and workers’ health and safety, social conflicts, possibility of Gender-based
Violence (GBV) and nuisance. However, the potential negative impacts of the construction
are localized and short-term and only for the duration of construction. Similarly, some
negative impacts expected during the operations stages of the project are localized and of
low impact scale. Specific environmental and social impacts and mitigation measures are
proposed for both education and health care facilities. Special procedures required for handling
medical waste including infectious and toxic waste are provided in the Health Care Waste
Management Framework.

Construction activities of both component 1 and 2 will have moderate environmental and social
impacts. According to the assessment conducted, Component 1 is expected to have medium
scale negative environmental impact due to civil works for rehabilitation of health care
facilities and generation of hospital waste. However, the Project is anticipated to have large
scale positive socioeconomic impact to improvement in health care service delivery. The
subcomponent under Component -1 of the Project would also support contracting/outsourcing
of health care waste management system which would help in treatment of the hospital waste
from the source to the final disposal. Component 2 is expected to have low to medium scale
negative environmental impact during construction/rehabilitation of education facilities.
During operations, the project is likely to have health and safety risks associated with
generation of waste and its disposal and provision of safe drinking water in schools. Overall
the Project will have positive socioeconomic impact through improving access to education
for children especially girls. Component 3 is not likely to cause any negative social or
environmental impacts. It is expected to have a positive impact through effective community
engagement, participation and grievance redressal.

The cumulative impact of all 3 components is moderate. If the environmental impact of
component 1 is not addressed through proposed mitigation measures then the operations of
component 1 are likely to cause adverse environmental and social impact by polluting water
ways, soil, air and impacting residing human population. Environment Health Care Waste
Management Framework (EHCWMF) provides guidance/mechanism for the
outsourcing/contracting firms to address adverse environmental and social impacts related to
waste generation from health care facilities. Similarly, component 2 will also have minor
environmental impact, however, if not mitigated according to ESMF, it can cause temporary
damage to the environment and social lives.




Executive Summary                                                                       Page | 16
KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                    Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



Institutional Arrangements: The ESMF will be implemented under the overall supervision
of health and education PMUs. While designated project directors will be the overall in-charges
of their respective components, ESS specialists will be deployed in both PMUs to plan,
implement, manage, monitor and supervise all ESS related activities and measures. Monitoring
and reporting (M&R) system will be established with continuous process of collecting,
collating and analysing information about the progress of ESMF and RPF implementation. The
external monitoring, system is also proposed through Third Party Validation firm to act as a
tool for identifying strengths and weaknesses of the process. Periodic evaluation of the process
and the outcomes will enable the two PMUs to identify deficiencies and implement corrective
measures to achieve the desired goals and objectives of the ESMF.

The Project will be implemented by two departments in line with the government mandates
through the existing governance structures. At the provincial level, Health Department and
Elementary and Secondary Education Department (E&SED) will implement and manage
activities under Component 1-health and Component 2-education, respectively. Both
departments will be responsible for implementation of Component 3 which is cross cutting.
Each department will have a PMU to a) plan and manage the implementation of project
activities, b) monitor and report periodically the progress including fiduciary and safeguards
requirements, and c) liaise with the WB and other DPs supporting the GoKP. The overall
responsibility for ESMF implementation will be with two PMUs in Health and Secondary
Education departments.

Resettlement Policy Framework: The Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) addresses
issues related to land acquisition and resettlement (if any), as required by World Bank (WB)
Operational Policy/Bank Policy (OP/BP) 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement and local laws. The
Project will not finance any activities or construction of new facilities (e.g. hospitals, schools)
that will require medium or large-scale land acquisition. Components 1 and 2 of the Project
include small-scale civil works (e.g. extension of existing health and education facilities) that
may require small parcels of land. All efforts will be taken by the Project to ensure that small
scale land requirements for expansion of schools and upgrading of health facilities follow these
criteria in order of preference:

    1. Preference 1: Use of existing land owned by the target school or health facility

    2. Preference 2: Use of land voluntarily donated by an individual, a group of individuals
       or the community as a whole (Voluntary Land Donation, VLD)

    3. Preference 3: Small scale land acquisition

This ESMF provides a framework for Voluntary Land Donation (VLD) in addition to the
Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF). Land Acquisition and Resettlement Screening
Checklist, VLD Due Diligence/Screening Checklist, and Sample Agreement for VLD are
provided to guide each sub-project in identifying and applying the relevant framework.

Voluntary Land Donation Framework: Voluntary Land Donation (VLD) Framework must be
followed to ensure that due diligence is conducted by the project in case of VLD. VLD must
be obtained by free and informed decision-making through meaningful consultations
conducted in good faith with all potential land donors. Project affected persons (PAPs) will be
fully informed of their rights and access to grievance mechanisms described in this RPF. Due
diligence for VLD will be conducted and documented during the screening phase of each sub-
project/intervention requiring land and will be carried out by the social safeguards specialist of



Executive Summary                                                                         Page | 17
KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                   Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



the Project Management Unit (PMU). Due diligence will ensure that the land to be donated is
free from any dispute; it will not result in any adverse social or environmental impacts;
titleholder/s donating land cannot claim for any priority treatment; the donated land/assets are
no more than 10% of the total land assets of the individual and that consent of 90% of land
owners is obtained through a consultative process. PMU must also ensure that land titleholder/s
do not belong to vulnerable sections of society, unless he/she is a direct beneficiary of the sub-
project. The VLD Due Diligence/Screening Checklist and Sample Agreement for VLD must
be used by the project.

Requirements of RPF: Land acquisition and involuntary resettlement will be avoided where
feasible, or minimized, by identifying possible alternative project designs that have the least
adverse impact on the communities in the project area. Where displacement of households is
unavoidable, all Project Affected Peoples (PAPs) losing assets, livelihoods or resources will
be fully compensated and assisted so that they can improve, or at least restore, their former
economic and social conditions.

Eligibility for Compensation: All PAPs will be eligible for compensation and rehabilitation
assistance, irrespective of tenure status, social or economic standing. As per OP 4.12 displaced
persons include; i) those who have formal legal rights to land; ii) those who have a claim to
land or assets as recognized under the laws of the country or are identified during resettlement
planning; and iii) those who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land they are
occupying. Persons covered under the first two categories are provided compensation for the
land they lose, and other assistance in accordance with OP4.12. Persons in the third category
are entitled to compensation for loss of livelihoods, assets and other assistance in accordance
with OP4.12.

Compensation and Rehabilitation: The RPF provides guidelines on compensation for land
and non-land assets, livelihoods restoration and resettlement assistance. The eligibility and
entitlements will follow the approved Entitlement Matrix which covers a wide range of losses.
Resettlement plan must also ensure that the needs of those most vulnerable to the adverse
impacts of resettlement including the poor, those without legal title to land, ethnic minorities,
women, children, elderly and disabled are adequately considered and adverse impacts are
mitigated. All rights and options for resettlement will be made available to the communities
through consultations.

Organization and Administration Arrangements: Supervision, consultation and monitoring
of VLD, land acquisition, rehabilitation activities, and management of the Grievance Redress
Mechanism (GRM) will be done by the Social Safeguards Specialist at the PMU. Appropriate
reporting (including auditing and redress functions), monitoring and evaluation mechanisms,
will be identified and set in place as part of the VLD and resettlement management system.
These will be reviewed periodically by the World Bank. The RAP implementation will be
monitored internally as well as externally. Anticipated grievances related to VLD or
resettlement will go to the grievance redress mechanism (GRM) established for the project.

Resettlement Action Plans will be prepared for each sub-project where it is identified that
small scale acquisition of land is required. The RPF provides an outline of the process to be
followed and contents of a RAP.

Grievance Redressal Mechanism: A complaints mechanism will be developed; and the
complaints will be forwarded to the respective PMUs, to ensure that the people affected by
project activities are able to lodge complaints or share their concerns without cost, with the



Executive Summary                                                                        Page | 18
KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                  Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



assurance of a timely and satisfactory resolution of the issue. The proposed structure will have
two tiers; Tier 1 will be Project Level (GRC-1) while Tier 2 will be at the District Level (GRC-
2). There will be a Public Complaints Cell (PCC) working directly under the Project Director,
that will be responsible to receive, log, and resolve complaints; Section Officer Complaint, the
Social Expert, Environment Safeguards and Gender Officer in both the PMUs would be
designated as the key officers in charge of Grievance Redressal and will constitute the PCC.

Budget and Disclosure: A total amount of PKR 27,278,360 has been allocated for ESMP
implementation of all components of the project. Additionally, some of the budget is allocated
in the PC1 related to the construction, third party monitoring contracts and supplies costs. The
budget will be spent on mitigation, trainings, awareness and communication material, staffing,
third party validation and monitoring and, ESMPs and RAPs formulation, implementation and
monitoring. Once finalized, the safeguard documents including ESMF and RPF along with
Urdu translation of Executive Summaries, will be disclosed on the official websites of Planning
and Development Department, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Health and Secondary
Education Departments; and on the World Bank Info Shop. Hard copies of this SG documents
will also be shared with the provincial EPA, project stakeholders, contractors and civil society
organizations. A Copy of each SG document will be placed in the Project Management Unit,
and P&DD for public access. The Urdu translation of the Executive Summary of the SG
documents will also be distributed to all relevant stakeholders, especially to the beneficiary
communities in the project areas. The purpose will be to inform them about the project
activities, negative environmental and social impacts expected from the project and proposed
mitigation measures.




Executive Summary                                                                       Page | 19
‫‪KP Human Capital Investment Project‬‬
                                                                                           ‫‪Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa‬‬




                                                                                           ‫نÙ?اذ سے متعلقÛ? خالصÛ?‬

‫تعارÙ?‪:‬خیبر پختونخواÛ? Ú©ÛŒ حکومت (جی او Ú©Û’ Ù¾ÛŒ) Ú©ÛŒ حکومت عالمی بینک Ú©Û’ تعاون‬
‫سے Ú©Û’ Ù¾ÛŒ میں Û?یومن کیپٹل انویسٹمنٹ پروجیکٹ (Ú©Û’ Ù¾ÛŒ ایچ سی آئی Ù¾ÛŒ) Ú©ÛŒ تیار کر رÛ?ا‬
‫Û?Û’Û” اس منصوبے Ú©Ùˆ صوبائی پالننگ اینڈ ڈویلپمنٹ ڈیپارٹمنٹ‪ ،‬Û?یلتھ سیکٹر ریÙ?ارمز یونٹ‬
‫(ایچ ایس آر یو) اور ایلمنٹری اور سیکنڈری ایجوکیشن Ú©Û’ محکمے Ú©Û’ ذریعے ناÙ?Ø° کرے گا۔‬
‫قومی ‪ /‬صوبائی قوا نین Ú©Ùˆ مد نظر رکھنے Ú©Û’ ساتھ ساتھ عالمی بینک Ú©Û’ تحÙ?ظاتی مطالبات‬
‫اور منصوبے Ú©Û’ ممکنÛ? منÙ?ÛŒ ماحولیاتی اور معاشرتی اثرات Ú©Ùˆ دور کرنے Ú©Û’ لئے Ú©Û’ پی‬
‫کی حکومت Ù†Û’ مجوزÛ? سرگرمیوں کا ماحولیاتی اور معاشرتی جائزÛ? لیا Û?Û’ اور اس جائزے‬
‫کے نتائج پر ÛŒÛ? ماحولیاتی اور سماجی انتظام کا عملی ڈھانچÛ?‪ /‬Ù?ریم ورک (ای ایس ایم ایÙ?)‬
                                                                        ‫تیار کیا گیا Û?ے۔‬
‫سیاق Ùˆ سباق اور دلیل‪ :‬دیرینÛ? پالیسی اور ساختی کمزوریوں Ú©Û’ بیچ پاکستان معاشی‬
‫دشواریوں کا سامنا کر رÛ?ا Û?Û’Û” Ù¾Ú†Ú¾Ù„Û’ پانچ سالوں میں مجموعی گھریلو پیداوار (جی ÚˆÛŒ Ù¾ÛŒ)‬
‫میں تقریبا Ù‹ پانچ Ù?یصد اضاÙ?Û’ Ú©Û’ ساتھ معیشت میں تیزی آئی Û?Û’Û” لیکن غیر متوازن پالیسیوں‬
‫اور ساختی اصالحات میں محدود پیش رÙ?ت Ú©ÛŒ وجÛ? سے مالی سال (ایÙ? وائے) ‪ 2018‬میں‬
‫جی ÚˆÛŒ Ù¾ÛŒ کا ‪ 6.5‬Ù?یصد مالی خسارÛ? Û?وا Û?Û’Û” Ú©Û’ Ù¾ÛŒ متعدد سنگین مسائل سے دوچار Û?ے۔‬
‫بیرونی اور داخلی سالمتی Ú©Û’ جھٹکوں سے صوبے Ú©ÛŒ معیشت Ú©Ùˆ دھچکا لگا Û?Û’Û” ‪ 70‬ء کی‬
‫دÛ?ائی Ú©Û’ آخر میں پناÛ? گزینوں Ú©ÛŒ بڑی تعداد (تقریبا Ù‹ ‪ 822,429‬رجسٹرڈ اÙ?غان اورباقی غیر‬
‫رجسٹرڈ پناÛ? گزین‪ )8‬کی آمد Ú©ÛŒ وجÛ? سے میزبان برادریوں اور پناÛ? گزینوں دونوں Ú©Û’ لئے‬
‫معیاری صحت اور تعلیم Ú©ÛŒ سÛ?ولیات تک رسائی اور استعمال کا عمل بÛ?ت ذیادÛ? متاثر Û?وا Û?ے۔‬
                                                                                                                                    ‫‪9‬‬

‫منصوبÛ? ‪:‬۔ Ú©Û’ Ù¾ÛŒ ایچ سی آئی Ù¾ÛŒ کا مقصد خیبر پختونخوا میں Ù…Û?اجرین Ú©ÛŒ میزبانی کرنے‬
‫والے مخصوص اضالع میں معیاری صحت اور تعلیم Ú©ÛŒ سÛ?ولیات Ú©Û’ استعمال Ú©Ùˆ بÛ?تر بنانا‬
‫Û?Û’ اور منصوبÛ? Ú©Û’ اس مقصد Ú©Ùˆ بÛ?تر منتظمین اور انتظامیÛ? Ú©Û’ ذریعے سپالئی اور طلب‬
‫کے Ù?رق Ú©Ùˆ پورا کرنے Ú©Û’ لئے براÛ? راست سرمایÛ? کاری اور سÛ?ولیات Ú©ÛŒ Ù?راÛ?Ù…ÛŒ Ú©Û’ نظام‬
                                                            ‫کو مضبوط بنا کر کیا جائےگا۔‬
‫منصوبÛ? کا ترقیاتی مقصد(Ù¾ÛŒ ÚˆÛŒ او) ‪:‬۔مجوزÛ? ترقیاتی منصوبÛ? (Ù¾ÛŒ ÚˆÛŒ او) کا مقصد‬
‫خیبر پختونخوا Ú©Û’ منتخب اضالع میں بنیادی صحت Ú©ÛŒ دیکھ بھال Ú©ÛŒ سÛ?ولیات اور ابتدائی‬
                         ‫تعلیم Ú©ÛŒ خدمات Ú©ÛŒ دستیابی ‪،‬استعمال اور معیار Ú©Ùˆ بÛ?تر بنانا Û?ے۔‬
‫منصوبÛ? کا عالقÛ? اور مستحقین‪:‬۔ ÛŒÛ? منصوبÛ? چار منتخب اضالع میں ناÙ?Ø° کیا جائے گا‬
‫جو عارضی طور پر پشاور‪ ،‬نوشÛ?رÛ?‪ ،‬Û?ری پور اور صوابی Û?یں۔ پناÛ? گزینوں Ú©ÛŒ آبادی کے‬
‫حجم اور ساالنÛ? صو بائی ترقیاتی منصوبے یا ترقیاتی شراکت داروں Ú©ÛŒ طرÙ? سے دستیاب‬
‫Ù?نڈز Ú©ÛŒ بنیاد پر بنائے گئے معیار Ú©Û’ مطابق ان اضالع Ú©Ùˆ منتخب کیا گیا Û?Û’Û” اس منصوبÛ?‬
‫سے براÛ? راست مستÙ?ید Û?ونے والوں میں بچے‪ ،‬نو عمر اور تولیدی عمر Ú©ÛŒ خواتین Û?ÙˆÚº گی‬
‫اور توجÛ? کا مرکز ان اضالع Ú©Û’ متاثرÛ? عالقوں (آر اے اے ایس) میں موجود پناÛ? گزین اور‬


‫‪8 UNHCR website‬‬
‫‪9 UNHCR, GoP, and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). 2018.Needs Assessment for Refugee Affected Areas – Phase II. April‬‬
‫‪2008.‬‬




‫نÙ?اذ سے متعلقÛ? خالصÛ?‬                                                                                                    ‫‪Page | 20‬‬
‫‪KP Human Capital Investment Project‬‬
                                                            ‫‪Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa‬‬



‫میزبان برادریاں Û?ÙˆÚº گیں۔ اس Ú©Û’ عالوÛ? محکمÛ? صحت اور تعلیم Ú©Û’ شعبوں پر توجÛ? مرکوز‬
                        ‫Û?Ùˆ Ú¯ÛŒ جو Ú©Û? مضبوط اور زیادÛ? انتظامی صالحیتوں حاصل کریں Ú¯Û’ ۔‬
 ‫منصوبÛ? Ú©Û’ اجزاء‪:‬۔ منصوبÛ? Ú©Û’ تین اجزاء Û?یں جنÛ?یں ذیل میں مختصرا Ù‹ بیان کیا گیا Û?ے۔‬
‫جزو ‪:1‬۔ اس کا مقصد Ú©Û’ Ù¾ÛŒ Ú©Û’ منتخب اضالع میں صحت Ú©ÛŒ معیاری سÛ?ولیات (Ù¾ÛŒ ایچ‬
‫سی) Ú©ÛŒ Ù?راÛ?Ù…ÛŒ Ú©Ùˆ مستحکم کر Ú©Û’ بنیادی صحت Ú©ÛŒ سÛ?ولیات Ú©ÛŒ Ù?راÛ?Ù…ÛŒ Ú©Ùˆ بÛ?تر‬
                                                                         ‫بنانا Û?ے۔‬
‫جزو ‪:2‬۔ اس کا مقصد کے پی کے منتخب میزبان اضالع میں تمام بچوں خصوصا ً لڑکیوں‬
‫اور پناÛ? گزین بچوں Ú©Û’ لئے تعلیمی مواقعوں Ú©ÛŒ بÛ?تر Ù?راÛ?Ù…ÛŒ اور ان Ú©Û’ معیار کو‬
                                                  ‫بÛ?تر کرنے میں معاونت کرنا Û?ے۔‬
‫جزو ‪:3‬۔ اس کا مقصد لوگوں Ú©ÛŒ مشغولیت اور احتساب Ú©Û’ ذریعے مطالبÛ? پیدا کرنے کی‬
‫حمایت کرنا Û?Û’ جس سے Ù¾ÛŒ ایچ سی اور تعلیمی خدمات Ú©Û’ استعمال میں اضاÙ?Û? Û?و‬
                                                                               ‫گا۔‬
‫طریقÛ? کار‪:‬۔ عملی ڈھانچÛ? Ú©Û’ لئے معلومات‪ ،‬اطالع کاروں Ú©ÛŒ رسا ئی ‪ ،‬اÛ?Ù… اداریاتی اطالع‬
‫کاروں اور منتخب براریوں کے ساتھ شراکتی مشاورت‪ ،‬ماحولیاتی اور معاشرتی حاالت سے‬
‫متعلق بنیادی سطح کے اعداد و شمار کا اکٹھا کرنے اور بین االقوامی‪ ،‬قومی اور صوبائی‬
                  ‫قانونی ذمÛ? داریوں سے متعلق معلومات کا جائزÛ? Ù„Û’ کر حاصل Ú©ÛŒ جائیں گی۔‬
‫انضابطی جائزÛ?‪ :‬خیبر پختونخوÛ? ماحولیاتی تحÙ?ظ ایکٹ ‪ 2014‬صوبے میں ماحولیاتی تحÙ?ظ‬
‫کی اصولی قانون سازی Ú©Û’ تحت ماحول Ú©Ùˆ آلودÛ? کرنے والوں Ú©Û’ خالÙ? قانونی کارروائی‬
‫اور لوگوں Ú©Ùˆ ماحول Ú©Ùˆ سرسبز بنانے سے متعلقÛ? بیداری اجاگر کر Ú©Û’ صوبے میں تحÙ?ظ‪،‬‬
‫بÛ?تری اور بحالی Ú©Û’ تصور Ú©Ùˆ قائم کرنا پر غورکرتا Û?Û’Û” اس ایکٹ Ú©Û’ تحت Ú©Û’ Ù¾ÛŒ کی‬
‫ماحولیاتی تحÙ?ظ ایجنسی (ای Ù¾ÛŒ اے Ú©Û’ Ù¾ÛŒ) Ú©Û’ مخصوص کردÛ? ماحولیاتی معیار Ú©Û’ پیمانے‬
‫سے زیادÛ? مقدار Ú©Û’ کسی بھی Ù?ضلÛ? Ú©Û’ بÛ?اؤ‪ ،‬اثرات ْ‪ ،‬Û?وائی آلود کار یا حد سے زیادÛ? شور‬
‫پر پابندی عائد کر دی گئی Û?Û’Û” پاکستان ماحولیاتی تحÙ?ظ ایکٹ ‪1997‬ء Ú©Û’ تحت Û?سپتال کے‬
‫Ù?ضلے Ú©Û’ انتظامی قواعد (ایچ ڈبلیو ایم) ‪ 2005‬میں بنائے گئے اور ÛŒÛ? تمام صوبوں پر قابل‬
‫اطالق Û?یں۔ ایچ ڈبلیو ایم رولز ‪ 2005‬کے تحت صحت Ú©ÛŒ دیکھ بھال Ú©ÛŒ Û?ر سÛ?ولت Ù?ضلÛ? کے‬
‫حتمی تصرÙ? Ú©Û’ لئے مناسب انتظام کرنے Ú©Û’ لئے ذمÛ? دار Û?Û’Û” چونکÛ? Ú©Û’ Ù¾ÛŒ ایچ آئی پی‬
‫کے تحت Û?سپتال Ú©Û’ Ù?ضلے Ú©Û’ انتظامات Ú©Û’ لئے سرکاری نجی شراکت داری Ú©Û’ تحت‬
‫کسی بھی الئسنس یاÙ?تÛ? کمپی Ú©Ùˆ بیرونی ذرائع سے Ù¹Ú¾Ú©Û’ پر حاصل کیا جائے گا Ù„Û?Ù° ذا ÛŒÛ? قواعد‬
‫اس منصوبے پر براÛ? راست الگو Ù†Û?یں Û?وسکتے Û?یں۔ تاÛ?Ù… الئسنس یاÙ?تÛ? شراکت دار Ù?رم Ú©Ùˆ ایچ‬
‫ڈبلیو ایم Ú©Û’ رولز ‪ 2005‬کے مطابق Û?سپتال Ú©Û’ Ù?ضلے Ú©Û’ انتظامی امور Ú©Û’ انتظام کرنے‬
                                                                        ‫کی ضرورت Û?ے۔‬
‫او Ù¾ÛŒ او‪ 4.01‬کے مطابق عالمی بینک Ú©Ùˆ بینک Ù?نانسنگ Ú©Û’ لئے تجویز کردÛ? منصوبوں کی‬
‫ماحولیاتی تشخص Ú©ÛŒ ضرورت Û?Û’ تاکÛ? ÛŒÛ? امر یقینی بنانے میں مدد ملے Ú©Û? منصوبے‬
‫ماحولیاتی لحاظ سے مستحکم اور پائیدار Û?یں اور اس طرح سے Ù?یصلÛ? سازی Ú©Ùˆ بÛ?تر کرنا‬
‫Û?Û’ Û” ای اے Ú©Û’ آالت Ú©ÛŒ ایک حد ان Ú©ÛŒ ضروریات Ú©Ùˆ پورا کرنے Ú©Û’ لئے دستیاب Û?Û’ ÛŒÛ?‬
                                                            ‫امر منصوبے پر منحصر Û?Û’ ۔‬
‫کے Ù¾ÛŒ ایچ سی آئی Ù¾ÛŒ Ú©Û’ لئے مخصوص تعمیراتی مقامات اور ترقیاتی درجÛ? Ú©Ùˆ حتمی شکل‬
‫نÛ?یں دی گئی Û?Û’Û” Ù„Û?Ù° ذا عملی ڈھانچÛ? کا نقطÛ? نظر اپنایا گیا Û?Û’ اوراس Ú©Û’ لیے ماحولیاتی اور‬
‫سماجی انتظام کا عملی ڈھانچÛ? (ای ایس ایم ایم) تیار کیا گیا Û?Û’Û” ماحولیاتی اور سماجی انتظام‬



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‫کا عملی ڈھانچÛ? پیشگی ماحولیاتی اور معاشرتی جانچ پڑتال اور منصوبÛ? Ú©ÛŒ مجوزÛ? سرگرمیوں‬
‫کا خاکÛ? پیش کرتا Û?Û’Û” چونکÛ? منصوبÛ? بڑے ڈھانچے اور صنعتی ترقی تجویز Ù†Û?یں کر رÛ?ا‬
‫لÛ?Ù° ذا اس Ú©Û’ مقامی اور Ú©Ù… پیمانےکے Û?ونے اور معاشرتی اور ماحویاتی اثرات Ú©Û’ پلتٹنے کی‬
                                             ‫وجÛ? سے اس Ú©Ùˆ درجÛ? بی تÙ?ویض کیا گیا Û?Û’ ۔‬
‫یÛ? ای ایس ایم ایÙ? ممکنÛ? منÙ?ÛŒ ماحولیاتی اور معاشرتی اثرات Ú©ÛŒ نشاندÛ?ÛŒ کرتا Û?Û’Û” عمومی‬
‫تخÙ?ÛŒÙ? Ú©Û’ اقدامات تجویز کرتا Û?Û’ اور جانچ پڑتال Ú©Û’ لئے بنیادی معیار Ù?راÛ?Ù… کرتا Û?Û’Û” تیار‬
‫کئے جانے والے Ø­Ù?اظتی آالت Ú©ÛŒ Ù?Û?رست دیتا Û?Û’ اور ماحوالیتی اور سماجی تحÙ?ظات کی‬
‫تعمیل Ú©Û’ لئے ادارÛ?‪ ،‬نگرانی‪ ،‬رپورٹنگ اور دستاویزی اقدامات تشکیل کرتا Û?Û’Û” دستیاب‬
‫معلومات کی بنیاد پر ماحولیاتی تشخص سے متعلق عالمی بینک کی پالیسیاں او پی ‪ /‬بی پی‬
                                   ‫‪ 4.01‬او Ù¾ÛŒ ‪ /‬بی Ù¾ÛŒ کے‪ 4.1 2‬کو متحرک کیا گیا Û?ے۔‬
‫بنیادی اعداد Ùˆ شمار‪:‬۔ خیبر پختونخوا (Ú©Û’ Ù¾ÛŒ) پاکستان کا سب سے چھوٹا صوبÛ? Û?Û’ جو‬
‫رقبے Ú©Û’ لحاظ سے ‪ 74,521‬مربع کلو میٹر پر پھیال Û?وا Û?Û’Û” اس Ú©ÛŒ مجموعی آبادی ‪2017‬‬
‫میں ‪ 30‬ملین سے زیادÛ? Û?Û’ اور اس Ú©Ùˆ ماضی میں شمال مغربی سرحدی صوبÛ? Ú©Û’ نام سے‬
‫جانا جاتا تھا۔‪ 10‬اس Ú©ÛŒ سرحد شمال مغرب میں اÙ?غانستان‪ ،‬شمال مشرق میں گلگت بلتستان‪،‬‬
‫مشرق میں آزاد جموں و کشمیر اور جنوب مشرق میں پنجاب اور دارالحکومت اسالم آباد کے‬
                                                                ‫‪11‬‬
                                                                  ‫عالقÛ? سے جا ملتی Û?ے۔‬
‫اس منصوبے Ú©Ùˆ خیبر پختونخوا Ú©Û’ چار اضالع جن Ú©Û’ نام پشاور‪ ،‬Û?ری پوری‪ ،‬نوشÛ?رÛ? اور‬
‫صوابی Û?یں میں ناÙ?د کرنے Ú©ÛŒ تجویز Û?Û’Û” منصوبے Ú©ÛŒ مدت Ú©Û’ دوران مزید اضالع کا‬
‫اضاÙ?Û? کیا جا سکتا Û?Û’Û” خیبر پختونخوا کا عالقÛ? Ù¾Û?اڑی سلسلوں‪ ،‬غیر منسلک ذیلی Ù¾Û?اڑی‬
‫عالقوں اور Ù¾Û?اڑوں سے گھرے Û?وئے میدانی عالقوں پر مشتمل Û?Û’Û” صوبÛ? خیبر پختونخوا کی‬
‫آب Ùˆ Û?وا کا خاکÛ? مختلÙ? بلندیوں‪ ،‬نباتاتی احاطے‪ ،‬پÛ?اڑی رکاوٹوں اور جغراÙ?یائی Û?ئیت کی‬
‫وجÛ? سے انتÛ?ائی تنوع Û?Û’Û” اس Ú©ÛŒ آب Ùˆ Û?وا جنوب Ú©ÛŒ طرÙ? Ú©Û’ خشک اور گرم پتھریلے‬
‫عالقوں سے Ù„Û’ کر شمال میں Ù¹Ú¾Ù†ÚˆÛ’ اور سر سبز Ùˆ شاداب جنگالت تک مختلÙ? Û?وتی Û?ے۔‬
                                                                                                                                ‫‪12‬‬

‫کے Ù¾ÛŒ میں سطحی آبی ذخائر میں کیمیائی Ù?ضلÛ? Ú©Ùˆ الپرواÛ?ÛŒ سے پھینکنے‪ ،‬زیر زمین پانی‬
‫کے ذخائر Ú©Û’ استحصال‪ ،‬پانی Ú©ÛŒ صنعتی تیاری Ú©Û’ بڑھتے عمل‪ ،‬تیزی سے بڑھتی Û?وئی‬
‫آبادی سے متعلقÛ? بڑھتے Û?وئےآبی دباؤ‪ ،‬زراعت‪ ،‬جنگالت Ú©ÛŒ کٹائی اور موسمی تغیرات نے‬
‫پانی سے متعلقÛ? تناؤ Ú©Ùˆ بڑھا دیا Û?Û’Û” پانی Ú©Ùˆ ذخیرÛ? کرنے Ú©ÛŒ گنجائش Ú©Ù… Û?ونے اور بڑھتے‬
‫Û?وئے Ù?ÛŒ کس پانی Ú©Û’ دباؤ Ú©Û’ باعث Ú©Û’ Ù¾ÛŒ میں سطحی پانی Ú©ÛŒ دستیابی میں Ú©Ù…ÛŒ کا امکان‬
‫Û?ے۔‪ 13‬منصوبے Ú©Û’ متعلقÛ? اضالع میں پینے Ú©Û’ پانی کا بڑا ذریعÛ? زیر زمین پانی Û?Û’Û” تاÛ?م‬
‫یÛ? صنعتی اور آبپاشی Ú©Û’ لئے بھی استعمال Û?وتا Û?Û’Û” منصوبے Ú©Û’ متعلقÛ? اضالع میں کچھ‬
‫عالقوں میں زیر زمین پانی ‪ 50‬Ù?Ù¹ سے ‪ 250‬Ù?Ù¹ تک موجود Û?Û’Û” خیبر پختونخوا میں پینے‬
‫کے پانی کا بنیادی وسیلÛ? زمینی پانی Û?Û’Û” تاÛ?Ù… مسلسل انخالء اور دوبارÛ? بھرنے Ú©Û’ عمل میں‬
                     ‫‪14‬‬
                       ‫کمی Ú©Û’ باعث متعدد مقامات پر زمینی پانی تیزی سے Ú©Ù… Û?Ùˆ رÛ?ا Û?ے‬


‫‪10 Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Government of Pakistan‬‬
‫‪11 Planning and Development Department of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa‬‬
‫‪12 Environmental Protection Agency. (2016). KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY. Forestry, Environment & Wildlife‬‬
‫‪Department, GoKP‬‬
‫‪13 Environmental Protection Agency, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. (2016). Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Climate Change Policy‬‬
‫‪14 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Drinking Water Policy, 2015‬‬




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‫منصوبے سے متعلقÛ? اضالع میں ‪ 25‬محÙ?وظ مقامات Û?یں جن میں ‪ 3‬جنگلی حیات Ú©Û’ پارکس‪،‬‬
‫‪ 10‬کھیلوں Ú©Û’ لئے ‪ 3 ،‬کمیونٹی کھیلوں Ú©Û’ لئے‪ 8 ،‬نجی کھیلوں Ú©Û’ لئے اور ایک غیردرجÛ?‬
‫بندی Ú©Û’ لیے مختص شامل Û?یں اور ان سب کا رقبÛ? ‪ 49,034‬Û?یکٹر پر محیط Û?Û’Û” ‪15‬منصوبے‬
‫کے اقدامات Ú©ÛŒ موجودÛ? بنیادی صحت Ú©ÛŒ دیکھ بھال اور سکول Ú©ÛŒ سÛ?ولیات Ú©Ùˆ مدنظر رکھتے‬
‫Û?وئے منصوبÛ? بندی Ú©ÛŒ گئی Û?Û’ اور اسے خیبرپختونخوا Ú©Û’ محÙ?وظ عالقوں میں کئے جانے‬
                                                                ‫کا امکان Ù†Û?یں Û?Û’Û” ‪-2014‬‬
‫‪ 15‬میں محکمÛ? جنگالت خیبر پختونخوا Ú©Û’ پاس Ú©Ù„ ‪ 5,058,795‬ایکڑ رقبÛ? تھا جس میں‬
                                  ‫‪. 16‬‬
                                       ‫سے ‪ 599,101‬ایکڑ منصوبے والے اضالع میں آتا Û?ے‬
‫سن ‪ 2017‬میں Û?ونے والی قومی آبادی Ú©ÛŒ مردم شماری Ú©Û’ مطابق صوبے میں آبادی بڑھ‬
‫کر ‪ 30.52‬ملین Û?Ùˆ گئی Û?Û’ جبکÛ? ‪ 1998‬میں ‪ 17.74‬ملین تھی Ù¾Ú†Ú¾Ù„Û’ ‪ 19‬سالوں میں ‪58‬‬
‫Ù?یصد کا اضاÙ?Û? ریکارڈ کیا جا رÛ?ا Û?Û’Û” منصوبے سے متعلقÛ? اضالع Ú©ÛŒ مجموعی آبادی‬
‫‪ 7,309,448‬Û?ے‪ ،‬جس میں سے ‪ 2544,156‬شÛ?ری عالقوں میں اور تقریبا Ù‹ ‪4,765,292‬‬
‫دیÛ?ÛŒ عالقوں میں رÛ?ائش پذیر Û?یں۔ یو این ایچ سی آر Ú©Û’ تازÛ? ترین اعداد Ùˆ شمار سے پتÛ? چلتا‬
‫Û?Û’ Ú©Û? یکم جنوری ‪ 2020‬تک Ú©Û’ Ù¾ÛŒ میں تقریبا Ù‹ ‪ 822,429‬اÙ?غان پناÛ? گزین دیÛ?ÛŒ اور Ø´Û?ری‬
‫عالقوں میں رÛ?ائش پذیر Û?یں اور اس Ú©Û’ ساتھ ساتھ â€?پناÛ? گزین دیÛ?ات یا کیمپوں Ú©ÛŒ موجودگی‬
‫‪17‬‬
    ‫کی وجÛ? سے Ú©Û’ Ù¾ÛŒ پاکستان میں پناÛ? گزینوں Ú©ÛŒ سب سے بڑی تعداد کا میزبان عالقÛ? بنا۔‬
‫منصوبے سے متعلقÛ? اضالع میں ‪ 40‬سرکاری Û?سپتال‪ 77 ،‬ڈسپنسریاں‪ 21 ،‬دیÛ?ÛŒ مراکز‬
‫صحت (آر ایچ سی)‪ 155 ،‬بنیادی صحت Ú©Û’ مراکز (بی ایچ یو) موجود Û?یں۔ ماں اور بچے‬
‫کی صحت (ایم سی ایچ) Ú©Û’ ‪ 11‬مراکز اور ‪ 8‬ٹی بی کلینک بھی Û?یں۔ صوبے میں سکولوں‬
                                                                 ‫کی Ú©Ù„ تعداد ‪ 27514‬Û?ے۔‬
‫شراکت داروں سے مشاورت‪:‬۔ مقامی برادریاں جو Ú©Û? اس منصوبے Ú©Û’ اقدامات سے‬
‫براÛ? راست مستÙ?ید Û?ونے والی Û?یں اور جو ادارے منصوبے Ú©Û’ اقدامات Ú©Û’ Ù†Ù?اذ میں اÛ?Ù… کردار‬
‫ادا کرتے Û?یں ان سب Ú©Û’ ساتھ شراکت داری مشاورت Ú©ÛŒ گئی۔ ان مشاورتوں سے پتÛ? چال‬
‫Û?Û’ مجوزÛ? منصوبÛ? آمدنی پیدا کرنے والی سرگرمیوں Ú©ÛŒ وجÛ? سے ذریعÛ? معاش Ú©Ùˆ بÛ?تر‬
‫کرنے Ú©ÛŒ وجÛ? سے مثبت معاشی اثر رکھنے واال منصوبÛ? مانا گیا Û?Û’Û” جواب دÛ?ندگان کی‬
‫رائے تھی Ú©Û? کوئی بھی ایسی سرگرمی جو Ú©Û? قدرتی ماحول Ú©Ùˆ نقصان Ù¾Û?نچانے Ú©ÛŒ صالحیت‬
                    ‫رکھتی Û?Ùˆ اس کا انتظام مناسب تخÙ?ÛŒÙ?ÛŒ اقدامات Ú©Û’ ذریعے کیا جانا چاÛ?یے۔‬
‫اثرات Ú©ÛŒ تشخیص‪:‬۔ اس Ú©Û’ مطالعے Ú©Û’ طور پر اثر Ú©ÛŒ تشخیص Ú©ÛŒ گئی تاکÛ? عام‬
‫تخÙ?ÛŒÙ?ÛŒ اقدامات تجویز کرنے Ú©Û’ لئے متوقع ماحولیاتی اور معاشرتی اثرات Ú©Û’ بارے میں‬
‫رÛ?نمائی Ù?راÛ?Ù… Û?وسکے۔ مجموعی طور پر Û?ر ایک Ú©Û’ ماحولیاتی اور معاشرتی اثرات Ú©Ùˆ عمل‬
‫درآمد Ú©Û’ انتظام Ú©Û’ ساتھ Ú©Ù… کیا جا سکتا Û?Û’ جس میں ایسے اقدامات پر توجÛ? Ú©ÛŒ گئی Û?ے‬
‫جو اثر Ú©Ùˆ Û?ر ممکن حد تک Ú©Ù… کرسکتے Û?یں۔ اس سے وابستÛ? ماحولیاتی اور معاشرتی اثرات‬
‫میں Û?وائی اور آبی آلودگی‪ ،‬شور پیدا کرنا‪ ،‬نکاسی آب اور Ø­Ù?اظتی خطرات‪ ،‬اورخصوصا Ù‹ سطح‬
‫آب Ú©ÛŒ آلودگی شامل Û?یں۔ تعمیراتی مقامات Ú©Û’ لئے ماحولیاتی اور سماجی تخÙ?ÛŒÙ? اور نظم و‬
              ‫نسق Ú©Û’ ڈھانچے میں عمومی تخÙ?ÛŒÙ? اور انتظامی اقدامات تجویز کئے گئے Û?یں۔‬
‫تعمیراتی اور عملی کارروائیوں Ú©Û’ مرحلے Ú©Û’ دوران پیدا Û?ونے والے ممکنÛ? ماحولیاتی‬
‫اثرات میں دھول اور Û?وا کا اخراج‪ ،‬ناقابل عالج نکاسی آب سے پانی Ú©Û’ معیار پر Ù¾Ú‘Ù†Û’ والے‬
‫‪15 PPAF. (2014). Environmental and Social Management Framework‬‬
‫‪16 Development Statistics, KP, 2014 – 2015‬‬
‫‪17 https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/pak#category-7‬‬




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‫اثرات‪ ،‬تعمیراتی مواد سے متعلق ٹھوس Ù?ضلÛ? Ú©Û’ انتظامات اور تعمیراتی سرگرمیوں Ú©ÛŒ وجÛ?‬
‫سے شور Ú©Û’ اثرات شامل Û?یں۔ تعمیراتی اور عملی دونوں مراحل Ú©Û’ دوران Ù¾Ú‘Ù†Û’ والے‬
‫اثرات میں برادری اور کارکنوں Ú©ÛŒ صحت Ùˆ Ø­Ù?اظت معاشرتی تنازعات‪ ،‬صنÙ? پر مبنی تشدد‬
‫(جی Ù¾ÛŒ ÙˆÛŒ) اور مضمرات شامل Û?یں۔ تاÛ?Ù… تعمیرات سے متعلقÛ? ممکنÛ? منÙ?ÛŒ اثرات مقامی اور‬
‫قلیل مدتی Û?یں اور صرÙ? تعمیرکے دورانیے Ú©Û’ لئے Û?یں۔ اسی طرح منصوبے Ú©Û’ عملی‬
‫مراحل Ú©Û’ دوران متوقع Ú©Ú†Ú¾ منÙ?ÛŒ اثرات مقامی اور Ú©Ù… اثر پیمانے Ú©Û’ Û?یں۔ تعلیم اور صحت‬
‫کی دیکھ بھال Ú©ÛŒ سÛ?ولیات Ú©Û’ لئے مخصوص ماحولیاتی اور معاشرتی اثرات اور تخÙ?ÛŒÙ?ی‬
‫اقدامات تجویز کئے گئے Û?یں۔طبعی Ù?ضلے جس میں متعدی زÛ?ریال Ù?ضلÛ? بھی شامل Û?یں سے‬
 ‫نمٹنے Ú©Û’ لئے درکار طریقÛ? Û?یلتھ کیئر ویسٹ مینجمنٹ Ù?ریم ورک میں Ù?راÛ?Ù… کئے گئے Û?یں۔‬
‫جزو‪ 1‬اور ‪ 2‬دونوں کی تعمیراتی سرگرمیوں کے دریمانے درجے کے ماحولیاتی اور‬
‫معاشرتی اثرات مرتب Û?ÙˆÚº Ú¯Û’Û” لگائے گئے اندازے Ú©Û’ مطابق جزو‪ 1‬سے توقع Ú©ÛŒ جاتی‬
‫Û?Û’ Ú©Û? صحت Ú©ÛŒ دیکھ بھال Ú©ÛŒ سÛ?ولیات Ú©ÛŒ بحالی Ú©Û’ سول ورک اور Û?سپتال سے نکلنے‬
‫والے طبی Ù?ضلÛ? Ú©ÛŒ وجÛ? سے درمیانے درجے Ú©Û’ منÙ?ÛŒ ماحولیاتی اثرات مرتب Û?ÙˆÚº Ú¯Û’ تاÛ?م‬
‫اس منصوبے سے صحت Ú©ÛŒ دیکھ بھال Ú©ÛŒ سÛ?ولیات Ú©ÛŒ خدمات Ú©ÛŒ Ù?راÛ?Ù…ÛŒ میں بÛ?تری النے‬
‫کے لئے بڑے پیمانے پر مثبت معاشرتی Ùˆ اقتصادی اثرات متوقع Û?یں۔ منصوبے Ú©Û’ جزو ‪1‬‬
‫کے ذیلی اجزاء Ú©Û’ تحت Û?یلتھ کیئر ویسٹ مینجمنٹ سسٹم Ú©Û’ معاÛ?دے ‪ /‬بیرونی ٹھیکوں کی‬
‫حمایت Ú©ÛŒ جائے Ú¯ÛŒ جو Ú©Û? Û?سپتال Ú©Û’ Ù?ضلے Ú©Ùˆ منبع سے Ù„Û’ کر حتمی تصرÙ? تک تلÙ?‬
                                                           ‫کرنے میں معاون ثابت Û?Ùˆ گا۔‬
‫توقع Ú©ÛŒ جاتی Û?Û’ Ú©Û? جزو ‪ 2‬سے تعلیم Ú©ÛŒ سÛ?ولیات Ú©ÛŒ تعمیر ‪ /‬بحالی Ú©Û’ دوران Ú©Ù… سے‬
‫درمیانے درجے Ú©Û’ منÙ?ÛŒ ماحولیاتی اثرات مرتب Û?ÙˆÚº Ú¯Û’Û” عملی اقدامات Ú©Û’ دو ران‬
‫منصوبے سے صحت Ùˆ Ø­Ù?اظت Ú©Û’ خطرات پیدا Û?ونے کا امکان Û?Û’ اور ÛŒÛ? خطرات Ù?ضلÛ?‬
‫کی پیداوار اور اس Ú©ÛŒ تلÙ?ÛŒ اور سکولوں میں پیسے Ú©Û’ صاÙ? پانی Ú©ÛŒ Ù?راÛ?Ù…ÛŒ سے منسلک‬
‫Û?یں۔ مجموعی طور پر اس منصوبے Ú©Û’ بچوں خاص طور پر لڑکیوں Ú©ÛŒ تعلیم تک رسائی‬
‫کو بÛ?تر بنانے سے مثبت معاشرتی اثرات مرتب Û?ÙˆÚº Ú¯Û’Û” جزو ‪ 3‬سے کسی بھی قسم کے‬
‫معاشرتی یا ماحولیاتی اثرات مرتب Û?ونے کا امکان Ù†Û?یں Û?Û’Û” توقع Ú©ÛŒ جاتی Û?Û’ Ú©Û? لوگوں کی‬
‫مؤثر شمولیت‪ ،‬شراکت اور شکایت Ú©Û’ ازالے Ú©Û’ ذریعے اس Ú©Û’ مثبت اثرات مرتب Û?وں‬
‫گے۔ تینوں اجزاء کا مجموعی اثر معتدل Û?Û’ اگر تجویز کردÛ? تخÙ?ÛŒÙ?ÛŒ اقدامات Ú©Û’ ذریعے جزو‬
‫‪ 1‬کے ماحولیاتی اثرات پر توجÛ? Ù†Û?یں دی گئی تب امکان Û?Û’ Ú©Û? جزو ‪ 1‬کے تحت کئ گئں‬
‫کاروائیا Úº آبی گزر گاÛ?ÙˆÚº مٹی‪ ،‬Û?وا Ú©Ùˆ آلودÛ? کر Ú©Û’ اور رÛ?ائش پذیر انسانی آبادی Ú©Ùˆ متاثر‬
                             ‫کر Ú©Û’ منÙ?ÛŒ ماحولیاتی اور معاشرتی اثرات مرتب کریں گے۔‬
‫ماحولیاتی صحت Ú©ÛŒ دیکھ بھال Ú©Û’ لئے Ù?ضلے Ú©Û’ انتظام کا Ù?ر یم ورک (اج ایچ سی ڈبلیو‬
‫ایم ایÙ?) بیرونی ٹھیکے داروں اور کنٹریکٹ والی Ù?رموں Ú©Ùˆ صحت Ú©ÛŒ دیکھ بھال Ù?راÛ?Ù… کرنے‬
‫والی سÛ?ولیات سے نکلنے والے Ù?ضلÛ? سے متعلقÛ? ماحولیاتی اور معاشرتی اثرات دور کرنے‬
‫کے لئے رÛ?نمائی اور طریقÛ? کار Ù…Û?یا کرتا Û?Û’Û” اسی طرح جزو ‪ 2‬کے معمولی درجے کے‬
‫ماحولیاتی اثرات مرتب Û?ÙˆÚº Ú¯Û’ تاÛ?Ù… اگر ای ایس ایم ایÙ? Ú©Û’ مطابق ان اثرات Ú©Ùˆ Ú©Ù… Ù†Û? کیا‬
               ‫گیا تو ÛŒÛ? ماحولیاتی اور معاشرتی زندگی Ú©Ùˆ عارضی نقصان Ù¾Û?نچا سکتے Û?یں۔‬
‫اداراتی انتظامات‪:‬۔ ای ایس ایم ایÙ? صحت اور تعلیم Ú©Û’ Ù¾ÛŒ ایم یوز Ú©ÛŒ مجموعی نگرانی‬
‫میں ناÙ?Ø° کیا جائے گا۔ اگر Ú†Û? نامزد پروجیکٹ ڈائریکٹر اپنے متعلقÛ? اجزاء Ú©Û’ مجموعی طور‬
‫پر انچارج Û?ÙˆÚº Ú¯Û’ ‪.‬ای ایس ایس سے وابستÛ? تمام سرگرمیوں اور اقدامات Ú©ÛŒ منصوبÛ? بندی‬
‫کے عملدرآمد‪ ،‬انتظام‪ ،‬نگرانی اور دیکھ بھال کے لئے دونوں پی ایم یوز میں ای ایس ایس‬


‫نÙ?اذ سے متعلقÛ? خالصÛ?‬                                                            ‫‪Page | 24‬‬
‫‪KP Human Capital Investment Project‬‬
                                                             ‫‪Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa‬‬



‫ماÛ?رین تعینات کئے جائیں گے‪ .‬ای ایس ایم ایÙ? اور آر Ù¾ÛŒ ایÙ? Ú©Û’ عملدرآمد Ú©ÛŒ پیشرÙ?ت کے‬
‫بارے میں معلومات اکٹھا کرنے‪ ،‬مطابقت اورر تجزیÛ? کرنے Ú©Û’ مستقل عمل Ú©Û’ ساتھ نگرانی‬
‫اور رپورٹنگ (ایم اینڈ آر) کا نظام بنایا جائے گا۔ طریقÛ? کار Ú©Û’ استحکام اور کمزوریوں کی‬
‫نشاندÛ?ÛŒ Ú©Û’ لئے بیرونی نگرانی Ú©Û’ نظام Ú©Û’ لئے تھرڈ پارٹی ویڈیلیڈیشن Ù?رم ورک Ú©Ùˆ ایک‬
‫آلÛ? Ú©Û’ طور پر کام کرنے Ú©Û’ لئےبھی تجویز کیا گیا Û?ے۔عملی طریقÛ? کار Ú©ÛŒ متواتر جانچ‬
‫پڑتال اور حاصل کردÛ? نتائج سے دونوں Ù¾ÛŒ ایم یوز نقائص Ú©ÛŒ نشاندÛ?ÛŒ کرنے اور ای ایس ایم‬
‫ایÙ? Ú©Û’ مطلوبÛ? اÛ?داÙ? اور مقاصد Ú©Û’ حصول Ú©Û’ لئے اصالحی اقدامات پر عملدرآمد کرنے‬
                                                                           ‫کے اÛ?Ù„ Û?ÙˆÚº گے۔‬
‫اس منصوبے Ú©Ùˆ دو محکمے حکومتی مینڈ یٹ Ú©Û’ مطابق موجودÛ? انتظام ڈھانچے کے‬
‫ذریعے ناÙ?Ø° کریں Ú¯Û’Û” صوبائی سطح پر Û?یلتھ ڈپارٹمنٹ اور ایلیمنٹری اینڈ سکینڈری ایجوکیشن‬
‫ڈیپارٹمنٹ (ای اینڈ ایس ای ÚˆÛŒ) بالترتیب جزو ‪ 1‬صحت اور جزو ‪ 2‬تعلیم Ú©Û’ تحت ناÙ?Ø° اور‬
‫سرگرمیوں Ú©Ùˆ منظم کرے گا۔ ÛŒÛ? دونوں محکمے جزو ‪ 3‬کے اطالق Ú©Û’ ذمÛ? دار Û?ÙˆÚº Ú¯Û’ جو‬
                                     ‫کÛ? کراس کٹنگ Û?Û’ Û?ر محکمے میں Ù¾ÛŒ ایم یو Û?Ùˆ گا جو‬
                 ‫منصوبÛ? Ú©ÛŒ سرگرمیوں Ú©Û’ Ù†Ù?اذ Ú©ÛŒ منصوبÛ? بندی اور انتظام کرے‬              ‫‪)a‬‬
‫نگرانی اور پیش رÙ?ت بشمول امانتداری اور پیشگی Ø­Ù?اظتی ضروریات Ú©Ùˆ رپورٹ‬                   ‫‪)b‬‬
                                                                                     ‫کرے‬
‫عالمی بینک اور کے پی حکومت سے تعاون کرنے والے دوسرے ڈی پیز کے ساتھ‬                     ‫‪)c‬‬
‫رابطÛ? کرے۔ ای ایس ایم ایÙ? Ú©Û’ Ù†Ù?اذ Ú©ÛŒ مجموعی ذمÛ? داری محکمÛ? صحت اور ثانوی‬
                                                   ‫تعلیم Ú©Û’ دو Ù¾ÛŒ ایم یوز پر Û?Ùˆ گی۔‬
‫دوبارÛ? آباد کاری Ú©ÛŒ پالیسی Ù?رم ورک‪:‬۔ ورلڈ بینک (ڈبلیو بی) آپریشنل پالیسی ‪ /‬بینک پالیسی‬
‫(او Ù¾ÛŒ ‪ /‬بی Ù¾ÛŒ) ‪ 4.12‬برائے غیر رضاکارانÛ? آباد کاری اور مقامی قوانین Ú©ÛŒ ضرورت کے‬
‫مطاق آباد کاری پالیسی Ù?ریم ورک (آر Ù¾ÛŒ ایÙ?) اراضی Ú©Û’ حصول اور دوبارÛ? آباد کاری‬
‫سے متعلقÛ? درپیش مسائل (اگر کوئی Û?Û’) Ú©Ùˆ حل کرتا Û?Û’Û” منصوبÛ? کسی طرح Ú©ÛŒ ایسی‬
‫سرگرمیوں یا نئی سÛ?ولیات (جیسے Û?سپتالوں‪ ،‬اسکولوں) Ú©ÛŒ تعمیر Ú©Û’ لئے مالی اعانت Ù†Û?یں‬
‫کرے گا‪ ،‬جس میں درمیانے یا بڑے پیمانے پر اراضی Ú©Û’ حصول Ú©ÛŒ ضرورت Û?Ùˆ گی۔‬
‫منصوبے Ú©Û’ عنصر ‪ 1‬اور ‪ 2‬میں چھوٹے پیمانے Ú©Û’ Ø´Û?ری کاموں (جیسے موجودÛ? صحت‬
‫اور تعلیم Ú©ÛŒ سÛ?ول یات میں توسیع) شامل Û?یں جن میں اراضی Ú©Û’ چھوٹے حصوں Ú©Ùˆ لینے‬
‫کی ضرورت Û?Ùˆ سکتی Û?Û’Û” منصوبے Ú©Û’ ذریعے صحت Ú©ÛŒ سÛ?ولیات Ú©Ùˆ اپ گریڈ کرنے اور‬
‫اسکولوں کی توسیع کے لئے چھوٹے پیمانے پر اراضی کی ضروریات کے حصول کو یقنی‬
‫بنانے Ú©Û’ لئے تمام کوششیں Ú©ÛŒ جائیں Ú¯Û’Û” ترجیح Ú©ÛŒ ترتیب Ú©Û’ لئے مندرجÛ? ذیل معیار پر‬
                                                                                ‫عمل کریں۔‬
‫ترجیح ‪ :1‬متعلقÛ? اسکول یا صحت Ú©ÛŒ سÛ?ولت Ú©Û’ زیر ملکیت میسر اراضی کا استعمال۔‬               ‫‪1‬‬
‫ترجیح ‪ :2‬کسی Ù?رد‪ ،‬اÙ?راد Ú©Û’ گروÛ? یا مجموعی طور پر برادری Ú©ÛŒ طرÙ? سے‬                       ‫‪2‬‬
          ‫عطیÛ? کردÛ? اراضی کا استعمال (رضاکارانÛ? اراضی کا عطیÛ?‪ ،‬وی ایل ÚˆÛŒ)‬
                                   ‫ترجیح ‪ :3‬چھوٹے پیمانے پر اراضی کا حصول‬               ‫‪3‬‬
‫یÛ? ای ایس ایم ایÙ? دوبارÛ? آباد کاری پالیسی Ù?ریم ورک (آر Ù¾ÛŒ ایÙ?) Ú©Û’ عالوÛ? رضاکارانÛ?‬
‫اراضی Ú©Û’ عطیÛ? (ÙˆÛŒ ایل ÚˆÛŒ) Ú©Û’ لئے ایک Ù?ریم ورک Ù…Û?یا کرتا Û?Û’Û” متعلقÛ? Ù?ریم ورک کی‬
‫شناخت اور اطالق میں Û?ر ذیلی منصوبے Ú©ÛŒ رÛ?نمائی Ú©Û’ لئے اراضی Ú©Û’ حصول اور دوبارÛ?‬
‫آباد کاری Ú©ÛŒ اسکریننگ‪ ،‬Ù?Û?رست‪ ،‬وی ایل ÚˆÛŒ Ú©Û’ لئے جامع کوشش ‪ /‬اسکریننگ Ù?رست اور‬
                                       ‫وی ایل ÚˆÛŒ Ú©Û’ لئے معاÛ?دÛ? کا نمونÛ? Ù?راÛ?Ù… کیا گیا Û?ے۔‬


‫نÙ?اذ سے متعلقÛ? خالصÛ?‬                                                               ‫‪Page | 25‬‬
‫‪KP Human Capital Investment Project‬‬
                                                           ‫‪Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa‬‬



                                         ‫رضاکارانÛ? اراضی عطیÛ? کرنے کا Ù?ریم ورک‪:‬‬
‫اس بات Ú©Ùˆ یقینی بنانے Ú©Û’ لئے رضاکارانÛ? اراضی عطیÛ? کرنے Ú©Û’ Ù?ریم ورک (ÙˆÛŒ ایل‬
‫ڈی) پر عمل کرنا ضروری Û?Û’ Ú©Û? منصوبے Ú©Û’ ذریعÛ? ویل ایل ÚˆÛŒ Ú©Û’ معاملے میں جامع‬
‫کوشش Ú©ÛŒ گئی Û?Û’Û” اراضی عطیÛ? دÛ?ندگان Ú©Û’ ساتھ نیک نیتی Ú©Û’ ساتھ بامقصد مشاورت کے‬
‫ذریعے Ù…Ù?ت اور باخبر Ù?یصلÛ? سازی کر Ú©Û’ ÙˆÛŒ ایل ÚˆÛŒ حاصل کرنا ضروری Û?Û’Û” منصوبے‬
‫سے متاث رÛ? اÙ?راد (Ù¾ÛŒ اے پیز) Ú©Ùˆ ان Ú©Û’ حقوق سے پوری طرح آگاÛ? کیا جائے گا اور انÛ?یں‬
‫آر بی ایÙ? میں بیان کردÛ? شکایت Ú©Û’ ازالے Ú©Û’ طریقÛ? کار تک رسائی حاصل Û?Ùˆ گی۔ Û?ر ذیلی‬
‫منصوبے کی اسکریننگ مرحلے کے دوران ‪ /‬اراضی حاصل کرنے کے اقدام کے دوران وی‬
‫ایل ڈی کے لئے مستعدی کوشش اور اسے دستاویزی شکل بھی دی جائے گی اور منصوبے‬
‫کے انتظامی یونٹ (Ù¾ÛŒ ایم یو) Ú©Û’ سماجی تحÙ?ظ Ú©Û’ ماÛ?رارکان ÛŒÛ? کام سر انجام دیں Ú¯Û’Û” اس‬
‫جامع کوشش میں اس بات Ú©Ùˆ یقینی بنایا جائے گا Ú©Û? بغیر معاوضÛ? دی جانے والی اراضی‬
‫کسی بھی تنازع سے پاک Û?Û’; اس Ú©Û’ نتیجے میں نامواÙ?Ù‚ معاشرتی یا ماحولیاتی اثرات مرتب‬
‫دعوی Ù†Û?یں‬
      ‫ٰ‬     ‫نÛ?یں Û?ÙˆÚº گے‪ ،‬عنوان دار‪ /‬یا اراضی کا عطیÛ? دینے والے کسی ترجیحی سلوک کا‬
‫کر سکتے Û?یں‪ ،‬عطیÛ? Ú©ÛŒ گئی اراضی ‪ /‬اثاثے کسی Ù?رد Ú©Û’ Ú©Ù„ اراضی اثاثوں میں سے ‪10‬‬
‫Ù?یصد سے زیادÛ? Ù†Û?یں Û?یں اور ÛŒÛ? Ú©Û? ‪ 90‬Ù?یصد اراضی مالکان Ú©ÛŒ رضا مندی‪ ،‬مشاورتی عمل‬
‫کے ذریعے حاصل Ú©ÛŒ جاتی Û?Û’Û” Ù¾ÛŒ ایم یو Ú©Ùˆ ÛŒÛ? بھی یقینی بنانا Û?Ùˆ گا Ú©Û? اراضی کا عنوان‬
‫دار معاشرے کےذد پزیر طبقات سے تعلق Ù†Û?یں رکھتا Û?ے‪ ،‬جب تک ÙˆÛ? ذیلی منصوبے سے‬
‫براÛ? راست مستÙ?ید Ù†Û? Û?ÙˆÛ” ÙˆÛŒ ایل ÚˆÛŒ Ú©Û’ لئے مستعدی کوششیں ‪ /‬اسکریننگ Ù?Û?رست اور وی‬
              ‫ایل ÚˆÛŒ Ú©Û’ لئے معاÛ?دے Ú©Û’ نمونے منصوبے میں استعمال کئے جانے چاÛ?ئیں۔‬
                                                              ‫آر Ù¾ÛŒ ایÙ? Ú©Û’ تقاضے‪:‬‬
‫ممکنÛ? متبادل منصوبے Ú©Û’ ایسے ڈیزائن جن سے منصوبے Ú©Û’ متعلقÛ? عالقے میں موجود‬
‫برادریوں پر انتÛ?ائی Ú©Ù… منÙ?ÛŒ اثرات مرتب Û?وتے Û?یں‪ ،‬ان Ú©ÛŒ شناخت کر Ú©Û’ جÛ?اں ممکن Û?و‬
‫وÛ?اں اراضی Ú©Û’ حصول اور غیر رضاکارانÛ? آباد کاری سے بچا جائے گا یا اسے Ú©Ù… سے‬
‫کم کیا جا ئے Û” جÛ?اں گھرانوں Ú©ÛŒ نقل مکانی ناگزیر Û?ے‪ ،‬وÛ?اں منصوبے سے متاثرÛ? ÙˆÛ? تمام‬
‫اÙ?راد جو اپنے اثاثے‪ ،‬روزگار اور وسائل Ú©Ú¾Ùˆ رÛ?Û’ Û?یں ان Ú©Ùˆ پوری طرح معاوضÛ? اور‬
‫معاونت Ù?راÛ?Ù… Ú©ÛŒ جائے Ú¯ÛŒ تاکÛ? ÙˆÛ? اپنی سابقÛ? معاشی Ùˆ معاشرتی حاالت بÛ?تر یا Ú©Ù… از Ú©Ù… بحال‬
                                                                             ‫کر سکیں۔‬
                                                            ‫معاوضے Ú©Û’ لئے اÛ?لیت‪:‬‬
‫معاشی Ùˆ معاشرتی حاالت اور معیار Ú©ÛŒ حیثیت سے قطع نظر تمام Ù¾ÛŒ اے پیز معاوضÛ? اور‬
                                                          ‫بحالی امداد Ú©Û’ اÛ?Ù„ Û?ÙˆÚº گے۔‬
                                   ‫او Ù¾ÛŒ ‪ 4.12‬کے مطابق بے گھر اÙ?راد میں شامل Û?یں‬
                          ‫جن لوگوں Ú©Ùˆ اراضی پر باضابطÛ? قانونی حق حاصل Û?ے‬           ‫‪(i‬‬
‫دعوی Û?Û’ Ú©Û? ÙˆÛ? ملک Ú©Û’ قوانین Ú©Û’ تحت اراضی یا اثاثوں کے‬   ‫ٰ‬     ‫وÛ? لوگ جن کا‬        ‫‪(ii‬‬
‫مالک تسلیم کئے گئے Û?یں یا پھر آباد کاری Ú©ÛŒ منصوبÛ? بندی Ú©Û’ دوران ان کی‬
                                                      ‫نشاندÛ?ÛŒ Ú©ÛŒ گئی Û?Û’ اور‬
‫‪ (iii‬وÛ? لوگ جو اراضی پر قابض تو Û?یں لیکن اس اراضی پر قابل تسلیم کوئی قانونی حق‬
                                                            ‫دعوی Ù†Û?یں رکھتے Û?یں۔‬
                                                                             ‫ٰ‬     ‫یا‬
‫اوپر والی دو اقسام Ú©Û’ تحت آنے والے اÙ?راد Ú©Ùˆ او Ù¾ÛŒ ‪ 4.12‬کے مطابق اپنی کھوئی Û?وئی‬
‫اراضی کا معاوضÛ? اور دوسری امداد Ù?راÛ?Ù… Ú©ÛŒ گئی Û?Û’Û” تیسری قسم Ú©Û’ تحت آنے والے اÙ?راد‬



‫نÙ?اذ سے متعلقÛ? خالصÛ?‬                                                             ‫‪Page | 26‬‬
‫‪KP Human Capital Investment Project‬‬
                                                            ‫‪Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa‬‬



‫او Ù¾ÛŒ ‪ 4.12‬کے مطابق روزگار‪ ،‬اثاثوں Ú©Û’ ضائع Û?ونے Ú©Û’ معاوضے اور دیگر امداد کے‬
                                                                 ‫مستحق Û?یں۔‬
                                                                    ‫معاوضÛ? اور بحالی‪:‬‬
‫اراضی اور غیر اراضی اثاثوں Ú©Û’ معاوضے‪ ،‬روزگاری Ú©ÛŒ بحالی اور دوبارÛ? آباد کاری سے‬
‫متعلق معاونت Ú©Û’ بارے میں آر Ù¾ÛŒ ایÙ? رÛ?نما اصول Ù?راÛ?Ù… کرتا Û?Û’Û” اÛ?لیت اور حقداری منظور‬
‫شدÛ? انٹیٹلمنٹ میٹرکس Ú©ÛŒ پیروی کریں Ú¯Û’ جس میں نقصانات کا احاطÛ? وسیع پیمانے پر کیا‬
‫گیا Û?Û’Û” دوبارÛ? آباد کاری Ú©Û’ منÙ?ÛŒ اثرات سے سب سے زیادÛ? متاثر کرزد پزیر جس میں‬
‫غریب‪ ،‬وÛ? لوگ جن کا اراضی پر قانونی حق Ù†Û?یں‪ ،‬نسلی اقلیتیں‪ ،‬خواتین‪ ،‬بچے‪ ،‬بوڑھے اور‬
‫معذور شامل Û?یں ان Ú©ÛŒ ضروریات Ú©Ùˆ مناسب طور پر قابل غور رکھا گیا Û?Û’ اوران پر منÙ?ی‬
‫اثرات Ú©Ùˆ Ú©Ù… کیا گیا Û?ے‪ ،‬دوبارÛ? آباد کاری Ú©Û’ تمام حقوق اور اختیارات مشاورت Ú©Û’ ذریعے‬
                                                     ‫برادریوں Ú©Ùˆ Ù?راÛ?Ù… کئے جائیں گے۔‬
                                                               ‫تنظیم اور انتظامی امور‪:‬‬
‫وی ایل ڈی کی نگرانی‪ ،‬مشاورت اور جانچ‪ ،‬اراضی کے حصول‪ ،‬بحالی کی سرگرمیوں اور‬
‫شکایات Ú©Û’ ازالے Ú©Û’ طریقÛ? کار (جی آر ایم) Ú©Û’ نظام Ù¾ÛŒ ایم یو میں موجود سماجی تحÙ?ظ‬
‫کے ماÛ?رین کریں Ú¯Û’Û” مناسب رپورٹنگ (بشمول Ø¢ÚˆÙ¹ اور ازالÛ? سے متعلقÛ? کام) Ú©ÛŒ نگرانی‬
‫اور تشخیص Ú©Û’ طریقÛ? کار Ú©ÛŒ نشاندÛ?ÛŒ Ú©ÛŒ جائے Ú¯ÛŒ اور اسے دوبارÛ? آباد کاری Ú©Û’ انتظام‬
‫کے نظام میں ایک حصے Ú©Û’ طور پر رکھا جائے گا۔ عالمی بینک ان کا وقتاًÙ?وقتا Ù‹ جائزÛ? لے‬
‫گا۔ آر اے Ù¾ÛŒ Ú©Û’ Ù†Ù?اذ Ú©ÛŒ اندرونی اور بیرونی سطح پر نگرانی Ú©ÛŒ جائے گی۔ ÙˆÛŒ ایل ÚˆÛŒ یا‬
‫دوبارÛ? آباد کاری سے متعلق متوقع شکایات منصوبے Ú©Û’ لئے قائم کردÛ? شکایات Ú©Û’ ازالے‬
                                                   ‫کے طریقÛ? کار(جی آر ایم) میں جائیں گی۔‬
‫دوبارÛ? آباد کاری کا عملی پالن Û?ر اس ذیلی منصوبے Ú©Û’ لئے تیار کیا جائے گا جس میں‬
                              ‫چھوٹے پیمانے پر اراضی Ú©Û’ حصول Ú©ÛŒ نشاندÛ?ÛŒ Ú©ÛŒ گئی Û?ے۔‬
‫شکایت Ú©Û’ ازاے کا طریقÛ? کار‪:‬۔ شکایات Ú©Û’ لیے طریقÛ? کار تیار کئے جائیں گے‬
‫اور شکایات متعلقÛ? Ù¾ÛŒ ایم یوز Ú©Ùˆ ارسال کر دی جائیں Ú¯ÛŒ تاکÛ? اس بات Ú©Ùˆ یقینی بنایا جائے‬
‫کÛ? منصوبے Ú©ÛŒ سرگرمیوں سے متاثر اÙ?راد درپیش مسئلے Ú©Û’ بروقت اور اطمینان بخش حل‬
‫کی یقین دÛ?انی Ú©Û’ ساتھ بغیر کسی قیمت Ú©Û’ شکایات درج کرانے یا اپنے خدشات بتانے کے‬
                                             ‫اÛ?Ù„ Û?یں۔ مجوزÛ? ڈھانچے Ú©Û’ دو درجے Û?ÙˆÚº گے‬
‫درجÛ? ‪ 1‬صوبے Ú©ÛŒ سطح پر (جی آر سی) جبکÛ? درجÛ? ‪ 2‬ضلع Ú©ÛŒ سطح پر (جی آرسی ‪)2‬‬
‫Û?Ùˆ گا۔ منصوبے Ú©Û’ ڈائریکٹر Ú©Û’ ماتحت ایک عوامی شکایات سیل (Ù¾ÛŒ سی سی) کام کرے‬
‫گا جو شکایات وصول‪ ،‬درج اور حل کرنے کا ذمÛ? دار Û?Ùˆ گا۔ دونوں Ù¾ÛŒ ایم یوز میں سیکشن‬
‫اÙ?سر شکایات‪ ،‬سوشل ایکسپرٹ‪ ،‬انوائزمنٹ سیÙ? گارڈ اور جینڈر Ø¢Ù?یسر Ú©Ùˆ شکایت Ú©Û’ ازالے‬
‫کے لئے اÛ?Ù… اÙ?سران Ú©Û’ طور پر نامزد کیا جائے گا اور ÛŒÛ? لوگ Ù¾ÛŒ سی سی تشکیل دیں گے۔‬
‫بجٹ اور تشÛ?یر‪:‬۔منصوبے Ú©Û’ تمام عناصر پر عملدرآمد Ú©Û’ لئے مجموعی طور پر‬
‫‪ 27278370‬کی پاکستانی رقم مختص Ú©ÛŒ گئی Û?Û’Û” مزید برآں تعمیراتی کام‪ ،‬تھرڈ پارٹی‬
‫ویلیڈیشن Ú©Û’ معاÛ?دوں اور Ù?راÛ?Ù…ÛŒ Ú©Û’ اخراجات سے متعلق Ù¾ÛŒ سی ‪ 1‬میں Ú©Ú†Ú¾ بجٹ مختص‬
‫کیا گیا Û?ے‪ .‬تخÙ?ÛŒÙ?‪ ،‬تربیت‪ ،‬آگاÛ?ÛŒ اور مواصالتی مواد‪ ،‬عملÛ? رکھنے‪ ،‬تھرڈ پارٹی ویلیڈیشن‬
‫اور نگرانی کے عمل اور ای ایس ایم پیز اور آر اے پیز کی تشکیل‪ ،‬عملدرآمد اور نگرانی‬
                                                     ‫کے عمل پر ÛŒÛ? بجٹ خرچ کیا جائے گا‪.‬‬




‫نÙ?اذ سے متعلقÛ? خالصÛ?‬                                                              ‫‪Page | 27‬‬
‫‪KP Human Capital Investment Project‬‬
                                                         ‫‪Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa‬‬



‫ایک بار حتمی Ø´Ú©Ù„ دیئے جانے Ú©Û’ بعد Ø­Ù?اظتی دستاویزات بشمول ای ایس ایم ایÙ? اور آر‬
‫پی ایÙ? Ú©Û’ ساتھ ساتھ انتظامی خالصÛ? کا اردو ترجمÛ? محکمÛ? پالننگ اینڈ ڈویلپمنٹ‪ ،‬حکومت‬
‫خ یبر پختونخوا‪ ،‬صحت اور ثانوی تعلیم کے محکموں کی سرکاری ویب سائٹس اور عالمی‬
‫بینک Ú©ÛŒ انÙ?ارمیشن شاپ پر تشÛ?یر کر دیا جائے گا۔ اس ایس جی دستاویزات Ú©ÛŒ Ù?وٹو کاپیاں‬
‫صوبائی ای پی اے‪ ،‬منصوبے کے شراکت داروں‪ ،‬ٹھیکیداروں اور سول سوسائٹی کی تنظیموں‬
‫کے ساتھ بھی بانٹی جائیں گی۔ Û?ر ایس جی دستاویز Ú©ÛŒ کاپی پراجیکٹ مینجمنٹ یونٹ اور پی‬
 ‫اینڈ ڈی ڈی میں عوام کی رسائی کے لئے رکھی جائیں گی۔ ایس جی دستاویزات کے انتظامی‬
‫خالصÛ? کا اردو ترجمÛ? تمام متعلقÛ? شراکت داروں خصوصا Ù‹ منصوبے سے متعلقÛ? عالقوں میں‬
‫مستÙ?ید طبقات میں بھی تقسیم کیا جائے گا۔ اس کا مقصد انÛ?یں اس منصوبے Ú©ÛŒ سرگرمیوں‪،‬‬
‫منصوبے سے متوقع ماحولیاتی اور معاشرتی اثرات اور تخÙ?ÛŒÙ? Ú©Û’ لئے تجویز کردÛ? اقدامات‬
                                                                 ‫سے آگاÛ? کرنا Û?Ùˆ گا۔‬




‫نÙ?اذ سے متعلقÛ? خالصÛ?‬                                                           ‫‪Page | 28‬‬
KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                                 Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa




       Introduction

         Background

Pakistan is facing economic challenges amid long-standing policy and structural weaknesses, leading
to the implementation of a macroeconomic adjustment program. Over the last five years, the economy
had accelerated with a gross domestic product (GDP) growth of almost five percent, but unbalanced
policies and limited progress in structural reforms led to a fiscal deficit of 6.5 percent of GDP in fiscal
year (FY) 2018. As fiscal and external imbalances emerged, the growth slowed down to 3.3 percent in
FY2019 and is expected to further decline to 2.4 percent in the FY2020. In order to address these
macroeconomic vulnerabilities, the Government of Pakistan (GoP) signed a program with the
International Monetary Fund (IMF) under the US$6 billion, 39-month Extended Fund Facility in July
201918 aiming at restoring the macroeconomic stability.

While Pakistan has reduced poverty substantially over the last two decades19, yet Pakistan ranks at 150th
out of 189 countries under the Human Development Index (HDI) based on Health (life expectancy at
birth), Education (Expected years of schooling) and Gross National Income (GNI) per capita 20 .
Pakistan’s HDI value is 0.562 out of 1 as against South Asia’s average HDI value of 0.638 and World’s
average HDI value of 0.728. According to the educational indicators, only Afghanistan lags behind
Pakistan in the context of regional comparison. All other regional countries have shown improvement
in HDI in comparison to Pakistan. Within Pakistan, cross provincial comparison indicates that the
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) ranks third in HDI among the four provinces. District wise, only 6 districts
fall in the medium HDI category (non in the high HDI ranking). All the remaining districts fall in the
low HDI ranking covering 66% of the population of the province21. Education and health indicators
show a significant negative performance in KP (See Chapter 4 for the baseline situation).

KP has been making important strides in poverty reduction with positive impacts in HC accumulation
despite being impacted by fragility. The economy has been driven by services, agriculture and
remittances, however, episodes of militancy and violence have severely affected areas across the
northwest of the country. These areas have now been integrated into the province of KP, increasing the
competition for the limited resources for social services. The province has also been impacted by the
COVID-19 pandemic, with 3,71222 cases as of 7th May, 2020.

Pakistan has had a protracted refugee situation since the 1970s, hosting five million Afghans at its peak
in the 1990s. Currently, Pakistan is hosting 1.4 million Afghan refugees, of which nearly half are
women. Since 2006, the Government of Pakistan (GoP) has issued Afghan refugees Proof of
Registration (PoR) cards. These cards enable their temporary stay in the country and are renewed
periodically. The country has a unique context with regard to refugees. While refugees initially lived in
special villages, since the mid-1990s they have been relatively free to move out to urban areas and
access social services. They are mainly employed in the informal sector and recently have been allowed
to open bank accounts. KP is the province hosting the highest number of refugees (822,429 Afghan
refugees; 38 percent of which are children between the ages of 5-18). Refugees have free access to
education and health services. As other children in the province, refugee children are presently deprived
of education due to school closures; as any other resident of KP refugees have full access to health
services, including those that are COVID-19 related. Estimates from the United Nations High

18
   International Monetary Fund. 2019. “Pakistan: Request for an Extended Arrangement Under the Extended Fund Facility -Press Release; Staff
Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Pakistan.� IMF country Report No. 19/212. Retrieved from:
https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/CR/Issues/2019/07/08/Pakistan-Request-for-an-Extended-Arrangement-Under-the-Extended-Fund-Facility-
Press-Release-47092. Accessed on August 26, 2019
19
   The poverty rate has been more than halved from 64.3 percent in 2001 to 24.3 percent in 2015/16 (source: World Bank 2019. World
Development Indicators (WDI). Retrieved from: https://databank.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG/1ff4a498/Popular-Indicators#.
Accessed on August 26, 2019.
20 United Nations Development Program (UNDP)’s Human Development Report, 2018
21
   Pasha Hafeez A (2018), “Growth and Inequality in Pakistan Volume – I January 2018, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Publisher
https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/pakistan/14113.pdf
22   http://covid.gov.pk/stats/kpk




Introduction                                                                                                                     Page | 29
KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                          Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) indicate that approximately 35 percent of the total number of
refugee households in Pakistan will be severely impacted by the pandemic. These households include
daily wagers who would have lost all pre-COVID-19 sources of income, and that have no assets to draw
upon and/or other available form of social support. Such households have been identified by UNHCR
and are expected to be supported with a monthly stipend for a period of four months, delivered under
the Ehsaas umbrella.

      Project Overview

The Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (GoKP) is preparing the KP Human Capital Investment
Project (KPHCIP) with support from the World Bank (WB). The project aims to improve utilization of
quality health and education services in selected refugee hosting districts of KP including support to
deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. The project aims to achieve this by directly investing to fill supply
and demand side gaps and strengthening service delivery systems through improved management and
governance.

      Project Duration

The proposed Project is expected to be implemented over a five-year period from FY 2021 through FY
2025.

      Project Target Districts

The targeted districts are Peshawar, Nowshera, Haripur and Swabi. These districts have been selected
based on refugee population size and funding available from the provincial Annual Development Plan
or developmental partners.

      Project Beneficiaries

Direct project beneficiaries are refugees and host communities in the project districts. Specific activities
will focus particularly on school age children especially girls and women in reproductive age from both
refugee and host communities. The proposed project will also support interventions to strengthen the
capacity of education and health systems, and capacities of health and education officers, managers and
other staff involved in delivery of education and health services. Indirect beneficiaries include those
hired to carry out civil works, which will be benefiting from income in a time of severe economic crisis
as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

      Project Implementation Arrangements

The project will be implemented by the KP Planning and Development Department through Health, and
Secondary Education Departments. A Project Steering Committee will be constituted which will
provide strategic guidance and review performance. It will be headed by the Additional Chief Secretary
(ACS) KP and will include representatives from the Departments of Finance, P&DD, Education and
Health. Two lean PMUs – housed within Education and Health departments – will be responsible for
project implementation. Additional support may be provided by the recently established Shared
Services Unit by the GoKP. The provincial Department of Communication and Works (C&W) will
carry out civil works under the project, however C&W is not an implementing agency for the project.
The C&W will manage the requisitioned works procurements through its dedicated project management
team (PMT) who would be responsible for undertaking works procurement, construction supervision,
quality assurance and contract management.




Introduction                                                                                      Page | 30
KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                           Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



        Project Development Objectives

The proposed Project Development Objective (PDO) is to improve availability, utilization and quality
of primary healthcare services and elementary education services in selected districts in Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa.



PDO Level Indicators

    •    Additional classrooms constructed – disaggregated by gender (availability)

    •    Children benefitting from direct interventions to enhance learning – disaggregated by gender
         (utilization)

    •    Children’s literacy as measured by provincial assessment– disaggregated by gender (quality)

    •    Children’s numeracy as measured by provincial assessment – disaggregated by gender (quality)

    •    Facilities providing 24/7 delivery services in target districts (availability)

    •    Pregnant women delivering in health facilities in target districts (utilization)

    •    Facilities in target districts which had no stock-outs of unexpired essential medicines (quality)



The project has three major components (detail description of the project components is provided in the
Chapter 3). Component 1: Improving primary health care service delivery (US$77.2 million
equivalent) Component 2: Improving availability and quality of education services (US$109 million
equivalent) Component 3: Strengthening community engagement and accountability (US$13.8 million
equivalent)

        Need for Environmental and Social Management Framework and Resettlement
        Policy Framework

KPHCIP plans to finance rehabilitation and upgradation of selected health and education facilities
starting with four districts of KP, with additional districts potentially being added as the project unfolds,
which may have potential negative environmental and social impacts. The World Bank Policy on
Environmental and Social Assessment OP/BP 4.01 and policy on Involuntary Resettlement OP 4.12
have been triggered for the Project. Since the exact location of the healthcare and education facilities
are not known at this stage, a framework approach has been adopted to assess the potential environment
and social impacts associated with the project and an Environment and Social Management Framework
(ESMF) has been prepared which includes a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) chapter.

         Purpose and Objectives of ESMF

The ESMF helps to assess the environmental and social impacts of the KPHCIP at an early stage and
provides a framework for environmental and social safeguards implementation. The framework
elaborates the existing environmental and socioeconomic conditions of the areas targeted by the project;
identifies potential impacts of the proposed project on the natural and human environments; proposes
generic mitigation measures that should be integrated in the design of the project to minimize the
negative impacts; verifies the project’s compliance with national and provincial legislations as well as




Introduction                                                                                       Page | 31
KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                           Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



the World Bank’s Operational Policies and recommends institutional arrangements for effective
implementation of the mitigation measures. It also describes environmental and social training and
reporting mechanisms required during project implementation.

The RPF outlines policies, procedures, roles, and responsibilities for managing involuntary resettlement
impacts and risks, and effects on Project Affected Persons (PAPs). It requires the preparation of
Resettlement Action Plan (s) before initiation of civil works in situations where the project causes
involuntary resettlement or impacts on livelihoods as a result of land taking.

         Structure of the Report

The ESMF consists of 13 chapters. Chapter 1 briefly describes background information about the
socio-economic and environmental conditions of the KP and the need for ESMF; Chapter 2 presents a
review of national regulatory frameworks, World Bank Safeguards policies and standards,
environmental codes of practice and international conventions and agreements; Chapter 3 provides a
detailed description of the project and its sub components with analysis of project alternatives; Chapter
4 describes baseline on environmental and social settings of the project area; Chapter 5 presents results
of institutional and community consultations conducted for ESMF; Chapter 6 describes the potential
environmental and social impacts assessment by components of the project; Chapter 7 formulates
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) guidelines for implementation and
proposes potential generic mitigation measures both at construction and operational stages of the
project; Chapter 8 reflects Resettlement Policy Framework (RFP), Chapter 9 provides outline of the
environmental and health care waste management framework along with compliance criteria and
monitoring requirements; Chapter 10 provides the institutional arrangements of the project along with
those required for ESMF implementation. Capacity development and training of the project
implementation teams and contractors is also detailed in this Chapter. Chapter 11 elaborates the Citizen
Engagement (CE) including Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) for stakeholders and communities;
Chapter 12 provides the implementation budget for ESMF; and finally, Chapter 13 defines disclosure
requirements. Annexures referred in this document are provided at the end of the report.

         Methodology

The Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) uses a framework approach as the
site-specific details of project activities and exact locations of the facilities are not final at this stage.
The information for the framework was obtained through scoping of informants, stakeholder
consultations with key institutional informants and selected communities, collection of baseline data on
environmental and social conditions and review of information on international, national and provincial
legal obligations. Based on the above, environmental and social impacts have been assessed and
mitigation measures have been proposed. The methodology is outlined below:

Desk Review/Information collection

All information/data relating on baseline situation natural conditions bio-physical and social
environment) about the project area were studied. Simultaneously, the national legislation, international
agreements and all relevant social and environmental guidelines (including WB guidelines) were
reviewed to set the environmental standards that should be adhere to during the execution of the project.

Stakeholder’s consultations

The communities and relevant stakeholders within and around the project area were consulted during
the fieldwork. The objectives of the consultation were to brief the community about the proposed
development and to note down their views and concerns regarding social and environmental impacts
due to the project during construction and operation phases. Consultations with relevant Institutional
stakeholders were also conducted to understand institutional arrangements for ESMF, mechanisms to




Introduction                                                                                        Page | 32
KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                      Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



be adapted for monitoring environmental and social safeguards, grievance and redressal, and
resettlement policies.

Screening and assessment of impacts and mitigation measures

Potential impacts of the project and mitigation measures during construction and operation phase were
identified, screened and assessed using the following criteria:

                 -    Environmental problems due to Project location (i.e. location of different
                      components of the Project).

                 -    Environmental problems related with design.

                 -    Environmental problems associated with the construction stage.

                 -    Environmental problems resulting from project operations.



Based on the above, Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) was prepared The
ESMF provides a framework for implementing and managing the mitigation and monitoring measures.




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     Review of Policy, Legal and Regulatory Framework in
     KP
This chapter outlines the institutional set-up for environmental management in Pakistan and KP, and
discusses policy, legal and administrative framework relevant to the environmental and social
assessment of the proposed Project. The chapter also includes review of environmental and social
guidelines from the national agencies and international donors and other organizations.

        Institutional Setup for Environmental Management in Pakistan and KP

The apex environmental body in the country is the Pakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC),
which is presided by the Chief Executive of Pakistan. Other bodies include the Pakistan Environmental
Protection Agency (PEPA), provincial Environment Protection Agencies (EPAs), and environmental
tribunals. The Environment Protection Agency of KP was established under the Environmental
Protection Ordinance 1983, whose authority was strengthened by the Pakistan Environment Protection
Act 1997 and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Environment Protection Act 2014. The provincial EPA has
been empowered to receive and review the environmental assessment reports of the proposed projects
and subprojects and provide approval. The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa EPA’s other functions are:

    •    Administer and implement the PEPA Act 1997, its rules and regulations, review of IEE/EIA,
         preparation of procedures and guidelines.

    •    Prepare, revise and enforce National Environment Quality Standards (NEQS) (industries,
         municipalities, vehicular emission).

    •    Establish and maintain laboratories, certification of laboratories for conducting "tests and
         analysis".

    •    Assist local councils/authorities, and other government agencies in execution of projects.

    •    Establish a system for surveys, monitoring, examination and inspection to combat pollution.

    •    Conduct trainings for government functionaries and industrial management.

    •    Provide information and education to the public on environmental issues.

    •    Publish the Annual State of the Environment report.

    •    Survey and provide qualitative and quantitative data on air, soil, water, industrial, municipal
         and traffic emissions.

    •    Take measures to promote environment related research and development activities.

The EPA is led by the Director General, and the remaining staff consists of a Director, three Deputy
Directors, and Zonal Assistant Directors.




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        Key National and Provincial Laws and Regulations

Pakistan is one of the first few countries to issue laws and policies to protect the environment. A number
of laws concerned with the regulation and control of the environmental and social aspects exist.
However, the enactment of comprehensive legislation on environment, in the form of an act of
parliament, is a relatively new phenomenon. The laws relevant to the project are briefly reviewed below.

           Pakistan Environnemental Protection Ordinance (EPO) - 1983

The first major consolidated environmental legislation, the Pakistan Environmental Protection
Ordinance (EPO), was promulgated in 1983.23 It created a high-level policy making forum called the
Pakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC) under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister. The
law also created one Environmental Protection Agency (PEPA) at the federal level and four
Environmental Protection Agencies (EPAs) at the provincial levels. While these institutions remained
inactive for a long time, two subcommittees - the Environmental Standards Committee (ESC) and the
Experts Advisory Committee (EAC) were constituted by the PEPC in 1996, which have done very
useful work for developing guidelines and regulations to implement environmental standards.

The updated legislative framework is based on four principles: decentralization of environmental
management in the form of delegation of monitoring and enforcement powers at the provincial level;
prevention in the form of specific regulations for EIA to govern new economic activities; ‘polluters
payment’ in the form of a pollution charge; and environmental improvement plans to be negotiated with
major polluters.24

           Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997

The EPO 1983 was improved after an extensive and prolonged consultative process with all
stakeholders and a new law, the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA), was promulgated in
December 1997. This law has included several provisions to enhance the enforcement powers of the
government. It also empowers all affected citizens to approach the courts for any environmental
damage. Special tribunals at the provincial levels were constituted to hear such cases.

PEPA is applicable to a broad range of issues, including socioeconomic aspects: for example, land
acquisition, air, water, soil, marine and noise pollution, and the handling of hazardous waste. The
requirement for environmental assessment is laid out in Section 12 (1) of the Act and is relevant
to the current project. Under this section, no project involving construction activities or any change
in the physical environment can be undertaken unless an initial environmental examination (IEE) or an
environmental impact assessment (EIA) is conducted, and approval is received from the federal or
relevant provincial Environmental Protection Agency. 25 Section 12 (6) of the Act states that the
provision is applicable only to such categories of projects as may be prescribed.

The categories were later defined in the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Review of IEE
and EIA Regulations 2000. This Act obliges the project to conduct IEE or EIA in case construction
activities or changes in the physical environment are planned. It also provides the foundation for
environmental regulations that the project must abide by. The regulations developed by the PEPA

23
  https://sdpi.org/publications/files/Pb7-Brief%20on%20Environmental%20Legislation%20in%20Pakistan.pdf
24
  ibid
25
  Provincial EPAs have ben empowered under the 18th Amendment of the Constitution of Pakistan (passed by the National Assembly of
Pakistan on April 8, 2010) in which through devolution of powers provinces are required by law to establish local government systems, devolve
political, administrative and financial responsibility, and allows the provincial government to plan and implement the project independent of the
national government (including environmental impact assessment regulations).




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provide the necessary details on preparation, submission and review of the IEE and the EIA.
Categorization of projects for IEE and EIA is one of the main components of the Regulations. The
Regulations stipulate the nature of a project which obliges it to conduct IEE or EIA depending upon the
expected degree of adverse environmental impacts. Project types listed in Schedule I are designated as
potentially less damaging to the environment, and those listed in Schedule II as having potentially
serious adverse effects. Schedule I projects require an IEE to be conducted, provided they are not located
in environmentally sensitive areas. For Schedule II projects, conducting an EIA is necessary.

        Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Environment Protection Act 2014

The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Environmental Protection Act 2014 empowers the provincial Environmental
Protection Agency to ensure environmental compliance. Section13 of the Act states that “no proponent
of a project shall commence construction and operation unless he has filed with the Agency an initial
environmental examination or where the project is likely to cause an adverse environmental effect, an
environmental impact assessment, and has obtained from the Agency, environmental approval in
respect thereof.� In the same section, it continues that the provisions of the main subsections “shall
apply to such categories of projects and in such manner as may be prescribed.� In addition, depending
on the details of the project, it may be required to file an IEE or EIA and obtain an approval from the
provincial EPA (See Annexure 1 for IEE/EIA regulations).

The Act has following provisions and regulations:

    •   Administer and implement the provisions of the Act and the rules and regulations made there-
        under to comply with the environmental policies approved by the Council;

    •   Enforce the provisions of the Act through environmental protection orders and environmental
        tribunals headed by magistrates with wide-ranging powers, including the right to fine violators
        of the Act;

    •   Prepare or revise, and establish the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) with the approval
        of the Council;

    •   Develop environmental emission standards for parameters such as air, water and land;

    •   Identify categories of projects to which IEE or EIA will apply;

    •   Develop guidelines for conducting IEE and EIA as well as procedures for the submission,
        review and approval of the same;

    •   Review IEE or EIA with the objectives that these meet the requirements of the Act; and

    •   Public participation shall be ensured during review process of IEE or EIA reports.

The Pakistan Environmental Protection Regulations 2000 together with the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Environmental Protection Act 2014 provide reference for the screening of facilities for IEE and EIA. If
an IEE or EIA is conducted, it will be submitted to the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa EPA for approval and
shared with public by virtue of law. Therefore, disclosure requirements of both the Bank and the
province will be fulfilled.




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In addition, The Pakistan Environment Protection Agency has established National Environmental
Quality Standards as specified under the Pakistan Environment Protection Act 1997 (see Annexure
2) which are also followed by Environment Protection Agency of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. These are
listed below and will be followed:

    •   Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants in gaseous emissions from industrial sources;

    •   Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants in municipal and liquid industrial effluents
        discharged to inland waters, sewage treatment and Sea;

    •   Maximum allowable emissions from motor vehicles;

    •   Ambient air quality standards;

    •   Drinking water standards; and

    •   Noise standards.

The project will also follow the national and provincial guidelines for IEE/EIA. KPHCIP involves minor
construction and rehabilitation activities in health care facilities and schools’ premises which is
expected to be causing less environmental damages. The project therefore falls in Schedule 1 as per
PEPA 1997 under which an IEE will be prepared according to provisions and regulations prescribed in
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Environmental Protection Act 2014, and necessary approval will be obtained
from the KP EPA. The project will also follow National Environmental Quality Standards as specified
under the Pakistan Environment Protection Act 1997.

Article 15 of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Act 2014 regarding “Handling of hazardous substances�
stipulates that subject to the provisions of this Act, no person shall generate, collect, consign, transport,
treat, dispose of, store, handle, deal in and use or import any hazardous substance except: (a) under a
license issued by the Agency and in such manner as may be prescribed; or (b) in accordance with the
provisions of any other law for the time being in force, or of any International Treaty, Convention,
Protocol, Code, Standard, Agreement or other instrument to which Pakistan or the Province of the
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is a party.

National Resettlement Policy 2002 was drafted by the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency in
2002 and is not yet approved by the parliament. In the absence of a specific resettlement policy, the
Land Acquisition Act 1894 has been the policy governing resettlement and compensation to the
persons affected by a project. The Act amended from time to time is the most commonly used law for
acquisition of land and other properties for development projects. It comprises of 55 sections pertaining
to: area notifications and surveys; land acquisition; compensation and apportionment of awards;
disputes resolution; penalties; and exemptions. The Act allows the acquisition of private land by a
government agency, after the government pays a pre-determined compensation to cover the losses
incurred by landowners from surrendering their land. If the project necessitates land acquisition, the
Act lays out the necessary conditions that need to be met with respect to land acquisition and
compensation. However, the provisions of Land Acquisition Act 1894 do not take into account the
changes that have taken place with respect to social, cultural, economic and environmental landscapes
in which they operate. Since the Land Acquisition Act is a national law that is implemented on a
provincial basis, dispensations in compensation and resettlement packages can differ from province to
province for similar cases of resettlement. Given the above, the project resorts to the World Bank Policy




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on this matter. The KPHCIP will respect Land Acquisition Act and in essence follow the WB safeguard
policy (Involuntary Resettlement OP/BP 4.12) and the IFC performance standard 5.

        Hospital Waste Management Rules 2005

Under these Rules, every hospital is responsible for proper management of waste generated by the
facility till its final disposal in accordance with provisions given in these Rules. The Rules require each
healthcare facility to constitute a waste management team, and to prepare and implement a waste
management plan. The Rules also include guidelines for waste segregation, collection, transportation,
storage, and disposal. KPHCIP will support outsourcing/contracting of firms for Heath Care Waste
Management System to be implemented under the project from source to final disposal. The Project
will assist in development of TORs of these contracting firms, guidance in establishing guidelines to be
in place for the Health Care Waste Management System by the Contracting firms under Hospital Waste
Management Rules, 2005. KPHCIP will not be directly handling the health care waste, however the
management shall be outsourced to a Private licensed firm who will provide the health care waste
management services from collection to final disposal in accordance to Hospital Waste Management
Rules, 2005.

        National Action Plan for COVID-19 Pakistan

The National Action Plan, prepared by Ministry of National Health Services, Regulations and
Coordination (MoNHSRC) serves as a policy document for ensuring that all guiding principles for
outbreak preparedness, containment and mitigation are followed. It also provides a set of short, medium-
and long-term goals for attaining a health care system which could satisfactorily cater to the health
sector with specific focus on emergency situations.

      The NAP aims to:

       (i)      Contain and respond to the outbreak in a timely and efficient manner;

       (ii)     Prioritize financial resources and increase the domestic and international
                investment for country emergency preparedness; and

       (iii)     Implement emergency preparedness actions by strengthening inter-sectoral
                collaboration with government sectors, private sector and civil society at the
                provincial level. The plan covers planning and coordination mechanisms,
                laboratory support, food security, logistics, communication, infection
                prevention and control at PoEs and health facilities, trainings for health
                workers, human resource management, quarantine preparedness, isolation
                hospitals, surveillance, reduced community exposure, and monitoring and
                evaluation. A National Emergency Coordination Committee and an Emergency
                Core Group has been established at the national level with provincial
                representation and relevant stakeholders (Ministry of Interior, Foreign Affairs,
                Pakistan Army, National Disaster Management Authority, National Institute of
                Health etc.) to monitor the response. Other Relevant National and Provincial
                Policies and Acts

The project will be obliged to comply with the following policies and acts, where relevant.




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                                                                        Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



National Climate Change Policy 2012 which ensures that climate change is mainstreamed in the
economically and socially vulnerable sectors, to steer Pakistan towards climate resilient development.
The Policy encourages the project to take climate change into account in all areas, including gender and
disaster risk mitigation, and clean energy. In line with the National Climate Change Policy (NCCP) of
Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Climate Change Policy 2016 exist (2012) which is more specific
and focused to the ecosystems of the Province. KPHCIP will respect the above policies and ensure the
introduction of renewable energy (solar energy), environment friendly technologies in construction and
rehabilitation and flood protection measures where possible in the budget limit (as provided in chapter
7).

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Drinking Water Policy 2015 envisions a better quality of life for the people
of the province through universal access to adequate quantities of potable water. The overall goal of the
policy is to streamline the sector and ensure that the entire population of the province has access to
sufficient drinking water at affordable costs through equitable, efficient and sustainable services by
2025. The Policy urges the project to consider the shared origins of irrigation water and drinking water.
This policy has relevance to KPHCIP and the project will ensure safe drinking water in health and
education facilities.

Antiquity Act 1975 calls for protection of cultural resources in Pakistan. Antiquities have been defined
in the Act as: ancient products of human activity; historical sites; sites of anthropological or cultural
interest; and national monuments. The law prohibits new construction in the proximity of a protected
antiquity and empowers the Government of Pakistan to prohibit excavation in any area that may contain
articles of archeological significance.

Under this Act, the project proponents are obligated to:

    •   Protect antiquities from destruction, theft, negligence, unlawful excavation, trade and export;

    •   If an archeological discovery is made during the course of the project, it should be protected
        and reported to the Department of Archeology, Government of Pakistan, for further action.

More relevant to the project is the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Antiquities Act 2016 that aims to protect,
preserve, develop and maintain antiquities in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Antiquities have
been defined as ancient products of human activity, historical sites, sites of archaeological or cultural
interest, and national monuments. The objectives of the Act are to preserve ancient archaeological sites
and historic buildings as well as to discourage illegal excavation and smuggling of antiques and objects.
After the 18th amendment, the Department of Archaeology along with a sizeable number of
archaeological sites were devolved to the province. Consequently, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Antiquities
Act was passed to address the need for implementing rules and regulations at the provincial level. Under
the new law, a penalty of PKR 2.0 million has been proposed against demolishing of historic buildings,
illegal construction on archaeological sites, and smuggling of ancient objects. The Act stipulates how
the project should protect antiquities in the province in case any is found in the target area.

Forest Act 1927 seeks to consolidate the laws relating to: forests; transit of forest produce; and duty
that can be levied on timber and other forest products. It also allows provincial governments to declare
state-owned forest lands to be reserved forests or protected forests and to assume control of privately-
owned forest land. The Act establishes three categories of forests: Reserve Forests; Protected Forests;
and Village Forests. The Act prohibits any person to: set fire in a forest; quarry stone; remove any
forest-product; or cause any damage to a forest by cutting trees or clearing up the area for cultivation




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or any other purpose. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Forest Ordinance 2002 has authorized the Department
of Forest Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to perform certain functions related to protection of forests, including
development, protection, management, and sustainable development of forests. It has established a
Forest Settlement Board, which is concerned with reserved forests and performs functions related to
settlement of rights and claims. The Ordinance supports the project in legal aspects if its diversification
activities are forest related, such as promotion of non-timber forest products. KPHCIP has less direct
relevance but where required will avoid unnecessary cutting of trees and/or encourage planting of
additional trees (to be ensured as an obligation of the contractor).

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Wildlife and Biodiversity Act 2015 was enacted to protect the province’s
wildlife resources directly and other natural resources indirectly. It classifies wildlife by degree of
protection: animals that may be hunted on a permit or special license; and species that are protected and
cannot be hunted under any circumstances. For the first type of animals, the Act restricts hunting and
trade in live animals or as trophies or meat. The Act also defines various categories of wildlife protected
areas: National Parks; Wildlife Sanctuaries; and Game Reserves. No human activities besides wildlife
protection should be conducted inside any protected areas defined under the Act. The Act specifies the
wildlife that should not be threatened and habitats that should not be encroached upon by the project
implementation. As the Project activities are taken place within the already existing health care and
education facilities, the act is not directly relevant. But where necessary encroachment of threatened
habitats and species will be avoided.

Pakistan Penal Code 1860 deals with the offences where public or private property or human lives are
affected due to intentional or accidental misconduct of an individual or organization. The Code also
addresses control of noise, noxious emissions and disposal of effluents. Most of the environmental
aspects of the Code have been superseded by the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997. Noise,
noxious emissions and disposal of effluents caused by the project must be within the limits permitted
by the Code. KPHCIP ensures to include mitigation measures for safety hazards and will address control
of noise, noxious emissions and disposal of effluents within the limits permitted by the Code.

Constitution, Acts and Rules on Labor: The Constitution of Pakistan defines labor rights in the
following articles: Article 11 prohibits all forms of slavery, forced labour and child labour; Article 17
stipulates the rights to exercise freedom of association and to form unions; article 18 establishes the
right to enter upon any lawful profession or occupation and to conduct any lawful trade or business;
article 25 affirms the right to equality before the law and prohibition of discrimination on the grounds
of sex alone; and article 37(e) makes provision for securing just and humane conditions of work,
ensuring that children and women are not employed in vocations unsuited to their age or sex, and for
maternity benefits for women in employment. In addition to Article 18 of the Constitution, Industrial
Relations Ordinance 2002 articulates conditions of termination of contracts. Maximum working hours
are determined in Factories Act 1934; West Pakistan Shops and Establishments Ordinance1969 and
Mines Act 1923. Factories Act 1934 makes provisions for paid leave, while work conditions related to
maternity are defined by Article 37 of the Constitution, Maternity Benefit Ordinance 1958 and Mines
Maternity Benefit Act 1941. Employment of children is governed by Article 11(3) of the Constitution,
Factories Act 1934 and Employment of Children Rules 1995. The project may create wage labor, and
if it does, the working conditions will respect the above listed laws. KPHCIP will respect the
constitution, act and rules of labor rights including child labor under Article 11.




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                                                                             Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



          Applicable World Bank Operational Policies

The development objectives of the World Bank safeguard policies are based on sustainability,
transparency, fairness, accountability, governance, informed decision making, rights, participation and
meaningful consultation for investment projects financed by the World Bank. Among a total of twelve
safeguard policies, there are six environmental, two social, and two legal policies. These along with
detailed Bank procedures can be found on the World Bank website. The disclosure and access to
information policy is applicable to all investment projects and programs funded by the World Bank.
Additional guidance is provided in:

      •    Environment, Health, and Safety General Guidelines (2007).

      •    Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook: Towards Cleaner Production (1999).

      •    Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume I: Policies, Procedures, and Cross-Sectoral
           Issues (1991).

      •    Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume II: Policies, Procedures, and Cross-Sectoral
           Guidelines (1991).

      •    Social Analysis Sourcebook (2003).

The WB safeguard policies triggered for KPHCIP are the OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment and
OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement. OP 4.01 requires project activities to be environmentally sound and
sustainable and to achieve the objective of the policy an ESMF has been prepared for the Project OP
4.12 is applicable since the project may include small scale civil works to add classrooms to primary
schools and upgrade health facilities, which may, in some cases, require small scale land acquisition for
extension works. Though every effort will be taken to prioritize use of existing government land or
VLD (explained in forthcoming section), there is a chance that private land acquisition may be required.
It is also noted that rehabilitation of such facilities may require small scale, permanent economic
displacement and/or involuntary resettlement if there are encroachments or encumbrances on the school
or health facility property. Operational Policy 4.10: Indigenous Peoples is not triggered as the only
recognized Indigenous People of Pakistan, the Kalash, reside in the Chitral District which is outside the
project’s geographical area.�

Since the proposed project is not likely to finance large scale infrastructure development, most of these
impacts are likely to be small scale, localized, and reversible in nature. The project proposes
rehabilitation and construction in schools and health facilities that may cause some negative
environmental and social impacts during construction and operation phase for which mitigation
measures have to be proposed. This project is classified as “Category B� with partial assessment as per
WB safeguards category.

                                       Table 2.1: WB Safeguard Policies

 #          Safeguard Policies Triggered by the Project                             Yes        No

 1.         Environmental Assessment OP/BP 4.01                                     ✔

 1.         Performance Standards for Private Sector Activities OP/BP 4.03                          ✔




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 #       Safeguard Policies Triggered by the Project                        Yes        No

 2.       Natural Habitats OP/BP 4.04                                                       ✔

 3.       Forests OP/BP 4.36                                                                ✔

 4.       Pest Management OP 4.09                                                           ✔

 5.       Physical Cultural Resources OP/BP 4.11                                            ✔

 6.       Indigenous Peoples OP/BP 4.10                                                     ✔

 7.       Involuntary Resettlement OP/BP 4.12                               ✔

 8.       Safety of Dams OP/BP 4.37                                                         ✔

 9.       Projects on International Waterways OP/BP 7.50                                    ✔

 10.      Projects in Disputed Areas OP/BP 7.60                                             ✔




        Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines

In addition to EHS guidelines, IFC/World Bank sector specific EHS guidelines will also be used for
proposed sub-project interventions, in case where national legislations guidelines are not available.
Available IFC/World Bank General Guidelines and Sector specific guidelines for education and health
sector are included in Table 2.2 that may also be used for reference in case national
legislations/guidelines are not available.




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                                                                                                                Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



                                        Table 2.2: IFC/ World Bank Applicable EHS Guidelines

     #                          IFC/ World Bank                 Weblink
              Project
                                Applicable EHS
              component
                                Guidelines 26

     1 Education                General EHS                     https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/29f5137d-6e17-4660-b1f9-
                                Guidelines                      02bf561935e5/Final%2B-
                                                                %2BGeneral%2BEHS%2BGuidelines.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVI
     2 Health                   General EHS                     D=jOWim3p
                                Guidelines

                                Environmental,                  https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/960ef524-1fa5-4696-8db3-
                                Health, and Safety              82c60edf5367/Final%2B-
                                Guidelines for                  %2BHealth%2BCare%2BFacilities.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID
                                Health Care                     =jqeCW2Q&id=1323161961169
                                Facilities

                                Environmental,                  https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/5b05bf0e-1726-42b1-b7c9-
                                Health, and Safety              33c7b46ddda8/Final%2B-
                                Guidelines for                  %2BWaste%2BManagement%2BFacilities.pdf?MOD=AJPERES
                                Waste Management                &CVID=jqeDbH3&id=1323162538174
                                Facilities(incinerato
                                r)

     Note: Sector specific guidelines will be used in combination with the general EHS Guidelines. Any additional
     EHS guidelines required by the project will be identified at the stage of business enterprise development




               WHO Guidelines

World Health Organization (WHO) has updated operational planning guidelines in balancing the
demands of responding directly to COVID-19 while maintaining essential health service delivery, and
mitigating the risk of system collapse. This includes a set of targeted immediate actions that countries
should consider at national, regional, and local level to reorganize and maintain access to high-quality
essential health services for all. While all the COVID-19 guidelines are very comprehensive and could
be directly referred to for the project for explicit details and guidance for project implementation, the
referred documents and tools are as follows:

         i.      WHO interim guidance on rational use of PPE for coronavirus disease 2019

      ii.        WHO Safe management of wastes from health-care activities, Second Edition

     iii.        WHO interim guidance on Infection prevention and control during health care when novel
                 coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected

     iv.         Interim practical manual supporting implementation of the WHO Guidelines on Core
                 Components of Infection Prevention and Control Programs

      v.         WHO Technical brief on Water, sanitation, hygiene and waste management for COVID-19



26
     https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/sustainability-at-ifc/policies-standards/ehs-guidelines




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                                                                              Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



 vi.     WHO- Operational considerations for case management of COVID-19 in health facility and
         community

vii.     WHO in Home care for patients with suspected novel coronavirus (COVID-19)

viii.    WHO, Hospital emergency response checklist for all-hazards tool for hospital administrators
         and emergency managers.

 ix.     WHO “COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan, Operational Planning Guidelines
         to Support Country Preparedness and Response� (2020)



        Obligations under International Treaties

The international treaties that are most relevant to the project are briefly described below. While the
international conventions complement/fill the gap left by national and provincial legislation, the
inefficient resources for enforcement remain an issue across the board.

Pakistan has ratified a number of international treaties on environment, human health and human rights
which the project is obliged to respect. Their primary goals and relevance to the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
province are summarized in Table 2.3.

                  Table 2.3: Relevant International Treaties to which Pakistan is Signatory

 Category                 Convention                               Objectives of the Convention

 Chemicals and            Stockholm Convention on Persistent       Protect human health and the environment
 hazardous wastes         Organic Pollutants April 2008            from chemicals that do not degrade easily.
 conventions
                          Rotterdam Convention on the Prior        Promote      shared    responsibility   and
                          Informed Consent procedures for          cooperative efforts among Parties in the
                          Certain Hazardous Chemicals and          international trade of certain hazardous
                          Pesticides in International Trade July   chemicals for the ultimate purpose of
                          2005                                     protecting human health and the environment
                                                                   from potential harm.

                          Basel Convention on the control of       Protect human health and the environment
                          Trans-boundary Movement of               from negative impacts of hazardous wastes
                          Hazardous Wastes and their               by managing transboundary movements of
                          Disposal July 1994                       hazardous wastes.

 Atmosphere               United Nations Framework                 Stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in
 conventions/protocols    Convention on Climate Change             the atmosphere at a level that would prevent
                          (UNFCCC) June 1994                       dangerous anthropogenic interference with
                                                                   the climate system

                          Kyoto Protocol to UNFCCC Jan             Set targets for the emssions by country
                          2005

                          Vienna Convention for the                Promote cooperation among nations by
                          protection of the Ozone Layer Dec        exchanging information on the effects of
                          1992                                     human activities on the ozone layer




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                                                                            Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



 Category                 Convention                             Objectives of the Convention

                          Montreal Protocol on Substances        Protect the ozone layer by controlling global
                          that Deplete the Ozone Layer Dec       emissions of substances that deplete it and
                          1992                                   by precautionary measures to do so.

 Land / environmental     United Nations Convention to           Combat desertification and mitigate the
 cooperation              Combat Desertification (UNCCD) in      effects of drought in countries experiencing
 conventions              those Countries Experiencing           serious drought and/or desertification, with a
                          Serious Drought and / or               view to contributing to the achievement of
                          Desertification, Particularly in       sustainable development and with special
                          Africa Feb 1997                        attention to arid, semi-arid and dry sub-
                                                                 humid areas.

 Biodiversity related     Convention on Biological Diversity     Conserve biological diversity; promote the
 conventions/protocols    (CBD) July 1994.                       sustainable use of its components; and
                                                                 encourage equitable sharing of the benefits
                                                                 arising out of the utilization of genetic
                                                                 resources.

                          Cartagena Protocol on Bio-safety to    Ensure the safe handling, transport and use
                          the Convention on Biological           of living modified organisms (LMOs)
                          Diversity March 2009.                  resulting from modern biotechnology that
                                                                 may have adverse effects on biological
                                                                 diversity.

                          Convention on Wetlands of              Halt the progressive encroachment on and
                          International Importance especially    loss of wetlands, which are among the most
                          as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar           diverse and productive ecosystems and
                          Convention) Nov 1976                   indispensable for sustainable management
                                                                 of freshwater and biodiversity.

                          Convention on International Trade in   Ensure that international trade in specimens
                          Endangered Species of Wild Fauna       of wild animals and plants does not threaten
                          and Flora (CITES) April 1976           their survival.

                          Convention on the Conservation of      Conserve migratory species within their
                          Migratory Species of Wild Animals      migratory ranges.
                          (CMS) Dec 1987

 Social Protection        International Covention on             Guarantee human rights related to
                          Economic, Social and Cultural          economics, society and culture.
                          Rights (Guarantee human rights
                          related to economics, society and
                          culture)

                          Convention on the Rights of the        Guarantee human rights of indigenous and
                          Child                                  other tribal and semi-tribal peoples.

                          Convention on the Elimination of all   Eliminate discrimination against women in
                          Forms of Discrimination against        political and public life and to promote
                          Women                                  equal rights for women and men.

 Cultural and natural     Convention Concerning the              Safeguard the intangible cultural heritage;
 heritage                 Protection of World Cultural and       ensure respect for the intangible cultural
                                                                 heritage of the communities, groups and




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                                                                            Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



 Category                 Convention                             Objectives of the Convention

                          Natural Heritage (World Heritage       individuals concerned; raise awareness at
                          Convention July 1976)                  the local, national and international levels of
                                                                 the importance of the intangible cultural
                                                                 heritage, and of ensuring mutual
                                                                 appreciation thereof; and provide for
                                                                 international cooperation and assistance.

 Refugees                 Solutions Strategy for Afghan          Aimed at facilitating voluntary
                          Refugees to Support Voluntary          return and sustainable reintegration, while at
                          Repatriation, Sustainable              the same time providing assistance to
                          Reintegration and Assistance to Host   refugees, host communities and countries.
                          Countries (SSAR), UNHCR May
                          2012

                          Comprehensive Refugee Response         Allowing refugees to benefit from national
                          Framework, UNHCR 2017                  services and integrating them into national
                                                                 development plans.




        Summary of Environmental and Social guidelines to be followed for the Project

Since the activities under the project would be small-scale construction, the environmental and social
impacts are likely to be low to moderate both in case of schools and health care facilities.

Following national/provincial and WB guidelines will be followed and complied with:

         National/provincial guidelines

    -    An IEE will be conducted for the project in line with the PEPA 1997 act and Khyber
         Pakhtunkhwa Environment Protection Act 2014

    -    Health Care Waste Management (HCWM) will be outsourced to a company where the project
         will provide necessary backstopping. The HCWM may still require an EIA (to be conducted by
         the outsourcing company) under the above Acts (KP EPA may be consulted for advice) and
         needs to manage the HCW in accordance to HCWM Rules, 2005.

    -    The project will follow the National Environment Quality Standards on air pollutant emissions
         under PEPA 1997. The KP EPA has the following guidelines which will be specifically
         followed:

             o   Environmental guidelines for the establishment and operation of municipal solid waste
                 landfills.

             o   Municipal solid waste guidelines.

         World Bank Guidelines

    -    The WB safeguard policy triggered for KPHCIP is the Environmental Assessment OP/BP 4.01
         (This ESMF has been prepared for the Project to achieve the objective).




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KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                         Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



    -     The project triggers Involuntary Resettlement OP/BP 4.12 given the possibility of private land
          acquisition where public land is not available for upgrading of health and education facilities.

        Gap Analysis of Land Acquisition Act & World Bank Policies

        The Land Acquisition Act (1894) and the World Bank Involuntary Resettlement policy OP 4.12
        principles specifically related to land acquisition and resettlement aspects are compared below.
        The objective of this exercise is to identify if and where the two sets of procedures are in
        conformity with each other and more importantly where there are differences and gaps.



  World Bank Involuntary Resettlement Policy             Pakistan’s Land      Approaches to
  Principles                                             Acquisition Act      Address the
                                                                              GAPs

  Screen the project early on to identify past, No equivalent                 Screened and
  present, and future involuntary resettlement requirements                   categorized.
  impacts and risks. Determine the scope of                                   Scope defined,
  resettlement planning through a survey and/or                               social assessment
  census of displaced persons, including a gender                             and gender
  analysis, specifically related to resettlement                              analysis
  impacts and risks.                                                          undertaken.

  Carry out meaningful consultations with affected       LAC or District      Complaints and
  persons, host communities, and concerned               Judge (in Case of    grievances are
  nongovernment organizations. nform all                 the Telegraph        resolved
  displaced persons of their entitlements and            Act)                 informally
  resettlement options. Ensure their participation in                         through project
  planning, implementation, and monitoring and           Are the final        grievance redress
  evaluation of settlement programs. Pay particular      authorities to       mechanisms.
  attention to the needs of vulnerable groups,           decide disputes      Consultations
  especially those below the poverty line, the           and address          conducted,
  landless, the elderly, women and children, and         complaints           vulnerable groups
  Indigenous peoples, and those without legal title      regarding            identified and
  to land, and ensure their participation in             quantification and   supported as
  consultations. Establish a grievance redress           assessment of        relevant.
  mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of      compensation for
  the affected persons‟ concerns. Support the social     the affected lands
  and cultural institutions of displaced persons         and other assets?
  and their host population. Where involuntary
  resettlement impacts and risks are highly complex
  and sensitive, compensation and resettlement
  decisions should be preceded by a social
  preparation phase.

  Improve, or at least restore, the livelihoods of all   No equivalent        Livelihoods
  displaced persons through (i) land-based               requirements.        restoration is
  resettlement strategies when affected livelihoods                           required and
  are land based where possible or cash                                       allowances are
  compensation at replacement value for land                                  provided as
  when the loss of land does not undermine                                    relevant.
  livelihoods,(ii) prompt replacement of assets
  with access to assets of equal or higher value,




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KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                         Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



  World Bank Involuntary Resettlement Policy             Pakistan’s Land     Approaches to
  Principles                                             Acquisition Act     Address the
                                                                             GAPs

  (iii) prompt compensation at full replacement
  cost for assets that cannot be restored, and (iv)
  additional revenues and services through benefit
  sharing schemes where possible.

  Provide physically and economically displaced          No equivalent       Support provided
  persons with needed support                            requirements.       to be
                                                                             commensurate
                                                                             with impacts




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KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                         Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa




        Project Description27
The proposed Project Development Objective (PDO) is to improve availability, utilization and quality
of primary healthcare services and education services in selected districts of KP.

The proposed project will tentatively target 4 districts of KP: Peshawar, Haripur, Nowshera and Swabi.
These districts cover close to half of the KP population and include a large number of people from
vulnerable groups, such as registered Afghan refugees. In fact, the 4 districts host two-thirds of the
Afghan refugee population in KP (63 percent). Selection of the facilities to benefit from project
interventions will be conducted based on availability and quality of existing education and health care
infrastructure. Further, support to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic will also be included in the
criteria. Given that the WB-financed Pandemic Response Effectiveness Project (PREP) also supports
the province of KP, all interventions under the proposed operation and related to COVID-19 will be
carried out in a complementary manner with those covered by PREP.

The project has three main components as explained below:

          Component 1: Improving Primary Health Care Service Delivery (PHCSD)
          (US$77.2 million equivalent).

This component supports strengthening the delivery of quality primary health care (PHC) services by
contributing to improved efficiency and resilience of the health system in selected districts of KP,
including supporting those districts in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. The proposed
interventions focus on improving utilization of PHC as a first point of entry in close proximity to where
people live and work. COVID-19 pandemic related interventions will be aligned with the GoKP
COVID-19 response plan. It has following sub-components:

Sub-component 1.1: Support to Basic Health Units and Rural Health Centers (US$61.2 million
equivalent).

The sub-component would support carrying out of minor works and provision of technical assistance
as well as essential health equipment and supplies to support delivery of primary health services at basic
health units (BHUs) and rural health centers (RHCs), including antenatal care, delivery care, postnatal
care, immunization, nutrition and FP services as well as prevention, screening, and management of non-
communicable diseases (NCDs). The sub-component will also support the establishment of make-shift
hospitals for mild cases of COVID-19 and upgrading of intensive care units (ICUs) at selected Category
A and B hospitals.

Strengthening of infrastructure, equipment and healthcare commodities at BHUs and RHCs () will be
carried out according to the KP MHSDP and Infrastructure Standards. Infrastructure development will
include adoption of climate resilient and environmentally friendly designs, such as solar panel systems
to promote energy efficiency. The upgradation will also include disabled-friendly access to the best
extent possible. Further, special attention will be given to gender-related matters, such as including
separate toilets for men and women. Standardized signage and branding templates will be used for
improved visibility and accountability of the facilities. Opening hours, lists of available services and
fee charges together with names of all key staff on duty will be clearly displayed. Throughout the PHC
facilities, informational posters for health promotion will be displayed in an appropriate form. At
RHCs, television screens will be installed in the waiting areas for patients to learn about how to protect
from COVID-19, including importance of handwashing and social distancing, the benefits of a healthy

27
     Source: PAD




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KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                           Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



lifestyle, including healthy diets, physical activity, and tobacco cessation. Biometrics will be installed
for improved tracking of health care workers.

In order to ensure the continuum of care for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (MNCH) services,
the sub-component will also support the creation of a network of facilities based on geographic
distribution, strengthening referral systems and transportation arrangements for obstetric complications
where 24/7 Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care (CEmONC) is available including
life-saving health services such as caesarean sections and blood transfusions. In addition, the sub-
component would support prevention, screening and management of NCDs through provision of
essential examinations, diagnostic and pharmaceutical services for NCDs, and promotion of healthy
lifestyles at health facilities. The improved availability of essential diagnostic services will enable early
detection of NCDs, while the improved availability of pharmaceutical services will facilitate the
management of NCDs at these facilities.

The sub-component would support contracting and/or outsourcing of clinical and non-clinical services.
These include: (i) contracting the private sector for operating ICUs and labs to increase capacity to deal
with COVID-19; (ii) other diagnostic, laboratory, pharmaceutical, and ambulance services, health care
waste management (HCWM), as well as some renovation work and security and janitorial services.
The project will also support building the capacity of the Department of Health to manage contracts of
this nature including the HCWM system, which would be strengthened through the sub-component to
reduce the environmental and health risks and ensure adherence to safety protocols and procedures.
Table 3.1: Minimum Health Services Delivery Package (MHSDP) at PHC level in KP Primary Health
Care Facility Type in KP and Services Provided

       Civil Dispensaries             Basic Health Units                Rural Health Centers

      â–ª 6-hours opening          â–ª 6-hours opening                â–ª 24 hours delivery and new-borne
                                                                  care
      â–ª General treatment        â–ª General treatment
      services                   services                         â–ª 24-hour inpatient (20 beds)

      â–ª ANC, PNC), FP            â–ª ANC, PNC), FP                  â–ª 24-hour emergency services

      â–ª Integrated               â–ª Delivery services-refer        â–ª 24-hour referral
      Management of              complications
      Newborn and                                                 â–ª 6- hour selected surgical services
      Childhood Illnesses        â–ª Integrated Management
                                 of Newborn and Childhood         â–ª 6 hours opening for planned
      â–ª Immunization             Illnesses                        health education
      services
                                 â–ª Adolescent health              â–ª ANC, PNC, FP
      â–ª Nutrition:
      Assessments,               â–ª Sexual and Reproductive        â–ª Delivery services-refer
      Prevention,                Health services                  complications
      Treatment of
                                 â–ª Immunization services          â–ª Integrated Management of
      Malnutrition                                                Newborn and Childhood Illnesses
                                 â–ª Nutrition: Assessments,
      â–ª NCDs: Partial no         Prevention, Treatment of         â–ª Adolescent Health
      laboratory or              Malnutrition
      imaging, no mental                                          â–ª Sexual and Reproductive Health
      health, no oral health     â–ª NCDs: partial laboratory       services
                                 and imaging, some mental
      â–ª Communicable                                              â–ª Immunization services
      Diseases:




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KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                         Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



      Management &               health referral, no oral       â–ª Nutrition: Assessments,
      Referral                   health                         Prevention, Treatment of
                                                                Malnutrition
      â–ª Referral services        â–ª Communicable Diseases:
                                 Management & Referral          â–ª NCDs: laboratory and imaging,
      â–ª Health education                                        ECG services, some mental health
      services                   â–ª Limited Laboratory           and refer, oral health and dental
                                 services                       services

                                 â–ª Referral service             â–ª Communicable Diseases:
                                                                Management & Referral
                                 â–ª Health education services
                                                                â–ª Laboratory services

                                                                â–ª Referral service

                                                                â–ª Health education services



The sub-component would support contracting/outsourcing of clinical and non-clinical services such as
diagnostic, pharmaceutical, ambulatory, and health care waste management (HCWM), as well as some
renovation, security and janitorial services, while building the capacity of the Department of Health to
manage contracts of this nature. Especially with regard to the HCWM system, this would be
strengthened through the sub-component to reduce the environmental and health risks and ensure
adherence to safety protocols and procedures.

Sub-component 1.2: Human Resource for Health (HRH) Capacity Building (US$4.3 million
equivalent).

The subcomponent would support (i) providing training and development of a distance learning system
as well as online refresher courses for selected primary health care service providers to strengthen their
competencies; and (ii) hiring of healthcare workers, to fill vacancies of crucial positions as a temporary
measure, and hiring of temporary staff for COVID-19 emergency response activities. By improving
providers’ clinical knowledge and competencies, improved quality of health services provided in PHC
facilities is expected. Refresher training for relevant health providers would entail on-the-job training
through preceptorship and mentorship at PHC facilities to ensure staff has sufficient hands-on
experience. The distance learning system would focus on continuous medical education for targeted
cadres of health care professionals. Health workers will be trained for effective administration of
essential COVID-19 critical care. The project will promote coordinated care by multidisciplinary
teams, as well as the delivery of people-centered care. It will support capacity building of facility
managers in order to facilitate the transition. In order to facilitate more integrated care and community
engagement the training curriculum of Lady Health Workers may be reviewed and updated.
Supplementary training of Lady Health Workers is expected to be conducted.



Sub-component 1.3: Strengthening Governance and Management (US$11.7 million equivalent).

The sub-component would provide necessary support to the government of KP to adopt/implement
appropriate policies, standards, guidelines and clinical protocols for service delivery as well as
performance monitoring and evaluation. The support would include: (i) developing/updating guidelines
for essential critical care and emergency ICU for COVID-19 patients; (ii) developing/updating clinical




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KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                        Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



protocols for PHC service delivery, including the management of common NCDs such as diabetes and
cardiovascular disease; (iii) enhancing its capacity in financial management, supply chain management,
performance management, human resource management, contract management, and patient record
systems; and (iv) introducing a standard flowsheet and a cascaded quality strategy and establishing
quality checklists and a quality improvement team, as well as supportive supervision visits. The sub-
component would also support the operational costs of implementing overall Component 1 and Sub-
component 3.1 activities.

This sub-component will support developing organizational, structural and coordination mechanisms,
including disease surveillance system for provincial health security and preparedness for other
outbreaks and future pandemics. The KP Health Care Commission will be supported with the
development of a website and health management information systems to facilitate on-line registration
and information sharing. Exchange of experiences with other health care commissions in the country
will also be supported. Finally, the capacity of the KP Health Foundation to structure, negotiate,
monitor performance and enforce contracts for public-private partnerships/outsourcing will also be
built.



      Component 2: Improving Availability and Quality of Education Services (US$109
      million equivalent).

This component aims to contribute to improved availability and quality of educational opportunities to
all children, especially refugees and girls, in selected refugee hosting districts of KP. The proposed
interventions would benefit both in- and out-of-school children and take into account the need to cater
to for the current school disruptions resulting from COVID-19.



Sub-Component 2.1: Improve access to elementary and secondary education (US$82.5 million
equivalent). 13. This sub-component would support (i) a reduction of overcrowded schools through the
provision of additional classrooms; (ii) upgrading public primary schools (Grades 1-5) in selected
districts to middle schools (Grades 6-8) and middle to high schools (Grades 9-10), including adding and
equipping additional classrooms and facilities as necessary; and (iii) providing technical assistance to
E&SED for: (i) reviewing and updating school construction standards with guidelines for, inter alia,
climate smart solutions and improved school hygiene and safety; and (ii) scaling up alternative models
of service delivery, including distance education, and developing as well as piloting models for
operating double-shift schools.



Special attention will be given to decreasing the gender gap in access to education by focusing on
increasing the number of schools available to girls at short distance and creating a safe environment for
girls in schools. Further, the E&SED has committed to allocate the required additional teachers
resulting from the increase classrooms and schools, including female teachers for girls’ schools.
Activities to motivate girls’ school attendance are also included in community engagement activities
under sub-component 3.2. The expansion of classrooms in primary schools will be accompanied by an
increase in the number of preschool classrooms as well. The schools will be selected based on several
criteria including: whether they are boys or girls’ schools (wit h preference given as far as possible to
girls’ schools), level of overcrowding, distance to the next available middle/secondary school,
enrollment projections, and quality of existing physical infrastructure, concentration of refugees in the
area. A prioritized list of schools in targeted locations is being finalized based on data from the




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KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                         Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



Independent Monitoring Unit (IMU) of E&SED, as well as recently completed mapping exercises
conducted by UNHCR.

Technical assistance will be provided to ensure school infrastructure improvements follow emerging
guidelines for improved school hygiene, safety, and accessibility, and hand washing units will be
included in various locations within the school facilities. To the best extent possible adoption of climate
resilient, environmentally friendly and universal designs, including solar power systems to promote
energy efficiency will also be supported. Preferably physical infrastructure related activities will be
carried out in existing schools with sufficient land or space for expansion. Existing models on double-
shift schools such as those developed with the United Kingdom’s Department for International
Development (DfID) support will be piloted in selected schools and assessed before a wider roll-out.
Other models of low-cost expansion of education services, as well as new innovative models to increase
access to elementary education, especially for out-of-school girls, including Girls Community Schools
and the Accelerated Learning Pathways (ALP) program for primary and middle schools developed by
the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) would be piloted and expanded if successful. Special
attention will be given to the potential of using distance education through the Teleschool to reach out
girls in their homes and refugee children. For this, an assessment of community acceptance of this
delivery method will be conducted, and additional activities will be developed according to the results.

Sub-component 2.2: Enhance the quality of teaching and learning in elementary and secondary
education (US$12.5 million equivalent).

This sub-component would support (i) carrying out a functional review of student assessment systems
and examination policy for primary education; (ii) carrying out a functional review of PITE and
developing an action plan to address recommendations thereof; (iii) carrying out of works for improving
the infrastructure in PITE and RITE; and (iv) developing school score cards and strengthening
E&SED’s capacity in data utilization and management.

PITE’s functional review would look at how PITE addresses teacher training needs and the relevance
and quality of in-service teacher training programs. This review will also assess PITE’s ability to train
teachers to deliver distance learning via emergency response teaching in response to COVID-19, as
well as during any future schooling disruptions. Based on the findings, the sub-component would
support the development of a plan to (i) improve the technical capacity of PITE to develop and deliver
effective in-service teacher training; (ii) support the expansion of the in-service training programs to
include both face to face and distance modalities; and (iii) support and scale-up the training and
functions of school leaders. One function that school leaders will be well-placed to perform is to
provide additional coaching to students who are at greatest risk of dropping out as a result of the
economic and social shocks stemming from the COVID-19 crisis.

To inform curriculum improvements and quality of teaching, a classroom observation tool (such as
TEACH) and a direct assessment tool such as the Service Delivery Indicators would be introduced.
Basic improvements in infrastructure required by PITE and RITE would be supported, including but
not limited to provision of training materials, equipment necessary to deliver distance education and
teacher training and minor rehabilitations of existing training rooms. The review of the student
assessments and examination policy for primary education would entail looking at alignment with the
existing curriculum and learning goals; identifying institutional constraints in designing and using
student assessment data; and providing recommendations on strengthening the student assessments
system and strengthening E&SED institutional capacity to implement the system. To strengthen
accountability, the project would also support the development of school scorecards using data from
student assessments. This activity would build on the work of the DfID-funded KP Education Sector
Program (KESP) that identifies areas for institutional capacity improvements, especially around the use
of assessment data by the Department of Curriculum and Teacher Education (DCTE) and PITE.




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KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                        Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



Sub-component 2.3: Strengthening contract management and support to implementation (US$14
million equivalent).

This sub-component would support technical assistance to, and building capacity of, E&SED to
negotiate, monitor, and enforce contracts for public private partnerships including those necessary to
maintain schooling during shutdowns necessitated by pandemics or emergencies. The sub-component
would also support the operational costs of implementing overall Component 2 and Sub-component 3.2
activities, including the Project Management Unit.

      Component 3: Strengthening Community Engagement and Accountability
      (US$13.8 million equivalent).

This component supports carrying out a program of activities to strengthen community engagement
and grievance redress mechanisms of the health and education sector in Selected Districts and
includes activities which will be important to help communities in COVID-19 prevention.


Sub-component 3.1: Enhancing community engagement and accountability in health (US$7.8
million equivalent)

This sub-component would support (i) community-based advocacy and awareness-raising
activities/interventions towards further demand creation, thus contributing to increased utilization of
PHC services, particularly among the target populations of refugees, women, and children; (ii) a Health
Promoting Schools program; and (iii) the roll-out of Innovation and Health Promotion Grants.

The community-based advocacy will include the development of a communication strategy for people
in the community to adopt and sustain positive healthy behaviors especially with regards to hygiene
practices, healthy lifestyles and disease prevention. Installation of hand washing units within the
communities will also be included. This will be particularly important as COVID-19 induced school
closures come to an end and schools reopen. These will be implemented by a variety of communication
channels including radio, internet, mobile phones, social and traditional media, and community-level
dissemination of key messages. The component will also support community engagement and feedback
systems such as grievance redressal mechanisms (GRM) for increased accountability and transparency
through receiving and responding to public feedback/complaints on health services. Existing
community groups such as the Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) beneficiary committees, may
also be mobilized.

Health Promoting Schools (HPSs) would include: (i) building institutional capacity through health and
educational policies and strategies that support the development and implementation of programs on
personal hygiene, physical activity, prevention of NCDs, reduced tobacco and substance abuse,
nutrition and healthy eating, and dental care in schools; ii) increasing access to promotive and curative
school health services with linkages between school health services and PHC facilities through strong
referral systems; (iii) regular visits of PHC health professionals to elementary and secondary schools
and schools human resources capacity building for delivering health and life-skills education with a
special focus on improving hygiene and health promoting practices when schools reopen after the
COVID-19 shutdown; and (iv) supporting community engagement towards sustainable school health
initiatives at local level (e.g.Through participation in student health clubs and parent-teacher
associations); whilst establishing strong links to parents and the broader community.

The Innovation and Health Promotion Grants would support innovation in areas such as: (i) outreach
and empowerment of vulnerable groups particularly with an eye to limit the spread of communicable




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KP Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                         Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



diseases; (ii) people-friendly service delivery improvements; (iii) community engagement for increased
accountability and transparency; and (iv) technological innovations in health service delivery, including
telemedicine which is particularly important during the COVID-19 shutdown. Organizations eligible
to apply for the grants under this project would include: non-governmental organizations registered in
KP, universities and research institutions, health care providers, and civil society associations. High
quality proposals are expected, and a project review committee will be constituted to assess the grant
applications and the project management unit will be responsible for program management, financial
administration, and monitoring and evaluation. The overall maximum implementation timeframe of
the grant should not exceed 24 months. A detailed operations manual will be prepared during the first
year of project implementation; this will detail the eligibility criteria, application and selection
procedures and types of activities eligible for the Innovation and Health Promotion Grants.

Sub-component 3.2: Enhancing community engagement and accountability in education (US$6
million equivalent).

This sub-component would aim to increase the demand for higher quality education services and would
support (i) demand-side interventions through community engagement, support to Parent Teacher
Councils (PTCs) and the enhancement of a grievance redress mechanism for increased accountability
and transparency; and (ii) enhance the capacity of the E&SED and the district level units to use data for
better planning and decision-making.

To enhance community engagement with education service delivery, two approaches will be used: (i)
engagement with local NGOs to run mass awareness campaigns on the importance of education with a
special focus on girls, the services being offered under the project, the ways in which communities can
hold the education system accountable as well as hygiene promotion sessions in schools to increase
awareness around prevention of epidemics by practicing social distancing and improving personal
hygiene; ii) leveraging PTCs through technical and financial assistance to build demand for
accountability in education. Support to PTCs will be provided to (i) aid schools in providing the basic
facilities needed to ensure good WASH practices; (ii) help poor households defray out-of-pocket costs
associated with enrolling children in school (such as the cost of uniforms); (iii) encourage active parent
participation in school events, parent teacher meetings and community gatherings; (iv) provide PTCs
with discretionary funds for better delivery of education; and (v) support the delivery of awareness
raising services, school health services and school health education that will be designed and delivered
by the health department. A detailed operational manual will be developed in the first year of the
project. In addition, support will also be provided to the design, development and running of an
education hotline for parents and communities to enter complaints and also learn about the E&SED’s
work. The hotline will be managed through a professional call center and include a management system
to ensure complaints are relayed to the relevant managers.

To enhance the capacity of the E&SED and the district level units to use of data for decision-making,
the following activities are included: (i) integration of various existing databases to facilitate data
analysis required for decision making; (ii) incentivize the increased use of data through introduction of
user-friendly and easily accessible dashboards; and (iii) complementing the current system with
additional modules, such as the human resources information systems. This activity would initially
undertake a rapid review of the existing Education Management and Information System (EMIS) and
databases to assess constraints, both technical and technological, and identify and propose solutions to
enhance the use and functionality of EMIS.




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      Environmental and Social Baseline of Project Districts

       Project Area

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) spread over 101,741 Km2, is the smallest in terms of area among the four
provinces, and has a largely mountainous terrain with only 30 percent cultivable land. According to
2017 Census, total population of the province is 35.5 million (including FATA districts) of which 80%
is rural, and 49% are females.28 The province lies between 34° 1’ north latitudes and 71° 33’ east
longitudes. It borders Afghanistan to the north-west, Gilgit-Baltistan to the north-east, Azad Jammu and
Kashmir to the east, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) to the west and south and Punjab
and the Islamabad Capital Territory to the south-east.29 The project is proposed to be implemented in
four districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa namely Peshawar, Haripur, Nowshera and Swabi. The total area
of the project districts (Figure 4.1) is about 6,273 square kilometers. Also see district maps in Figures
4.2-4.5.

District Peshawar: District Peshawar is the provincial capital and largest city of the Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa province. Peshawar lies between 33° 44’ and 34° 15’ north latitudes and 71° 22’ and 71°
42’ east longitudes. 30 It is bounded on the north by Charsadda district, on the east by Nowshera district,
on the south by the tribal area adjoining Peshawar and Kohat districts and on the west by Mohmand and
Khyber agencies. The total area of the district is 1,257 square kilometers.31 The total population of
Peshawar according to the 2017 Population Census is 4,269,079.

District Nowshera: Nowshera district lies between 33° 41' and 34° 10' north latitudes and 71° 39' to
72° 16' east longitudes. It is bounded on the east by district Attock of Punjab province, on the west and
to the north-west side lie districts of Peshawar and Charsadda. On the northern side are the districts
Mardan and Swabi and on the south by Kohat district. Total area of the district is 1,748 square
kilometers.32 The total population of Nowshera according to the 2017 Population Census is 1,518,540.

District Haripur: Haripur district is situated at latitude 33° 44' to 34° 22' and longitude 72° 35' to 73 °
15' and about 610 meters above the sea level. Geographical significance of the district lies in the fact
that its boundaries touch Mardan, a center of ancient Gandhara civilization in the north-west.
Abbottabad in the north east, Mansehra district in the north, Margallah hills range in the south-east.
Swat valley in the north-west. Buner and Swabi districts in the west. Besides Swabi, Mansehra and
Abottabad districts of NWFP two districts of Punjab province i.e. Attock and Rawalpindi lie on the
south-west and south- east respectively in the neighborhood of district Haripur. Federal Capital
Islamabad is also adjacent to the district in the south. The total area of the district is 1,725 square
kilometers.33 The total population of Haripur according to the 2017 Population Census is 1,003,031.

District Swabi: Swabi district lies between 33° 55' and 34° 23' north latitudes and 72° 13' and 72° 49'
east longitudes. It is bounded on the north by Buner district, on the east by Haripur district, on the south
by Attock district of the Punjab province and on the west by Nowshera and Mardan districts. The total




28
   Computed from http://www.pbscensus.gov.pk/sites/default/files/DISTRICT_WISE_CENSUS_RESULTS_CENSUS_2017.pdf
29
   Planning and Development Department of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
30
   Bokhar, S. (2015). Pakistan Emergency Situational Analysis - District Peshawar. Peshawar: ALHASAN SYSTEMS PRIVATE LIMITED
31
   1998 District Census Report of Peshawar, Aug 1999, Population Census Organization, Statistics Division, GoP.
32
   1998 District Census Report of Nowshera, Dec 1999, Population Census Organization, Statistics Division, GoP.
33
   1998 District Census Report of Haripur, May 2000, Population Census Organization, Statistics Division, GoP.




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area of the district is 1,543 square kilometers. 34 The total population of Swabi according to 2017
Population Census is 1,624,616.

                                               Figure 4.1: Map of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa




34
     1998 District Census Report of Swabi, April 2000, Population Census Organization, Statistics Division, GoP.




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                                                                              Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



                                       Figure 4.2: Map of Peshawar District




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                                      Figure 4.3: Map of Nowshera District




                                       Figure 4.4: Map of Haripur District




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                                                    Figure 4.5: Map of Swabi District




           Physical Environment

              Topography and Soil

The terrain of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa consists of mountain ranges, undulating sub-mountain areas, and
plains surrounded by hills. In the north the mountain ranges generally run north-south; south of
the Kabul River, which bisects the province from east to west, the ranges generally run east-west.
The Hindu Kush region in the north, is divided by the Kunar River into two distinct ranges, the northern
Hindu Kush and the Hindu Raj. The Lesser Himalayas and the Sub-Himalayas are situated in the
eastern part of the province. Topography of project districts is given below.

Peshawar: The Peshawar district is almost a fertile plain. The highest point is at Tarakai with a height
of about 700 meters. It is approximately 1173 feet (358 meters) above sea level. The central part of the
district consists of fine alluvial deposits. The cultivated tracts consist of a rich, light and porous soil,
composed of a pretty even mixture of clay and sand, which is good for cultivation of wheat, sugarcane
and tobacco.35

Nowshera: The district is largely barren with distant range of mountains in the background. Spin Khak
is a Barani area where soil is prevalently sandy with gravel with clay on top. This makes it very suitable
for ground water retention. The area has a rolling topography. 36

Haripur: Geographically Haripur district is divisible into four regions. The first Maidan-e-Hazara
consists of plain area of Haripur district surrounded by the mountains of Tanawal, in north, Koh- e -


35
     1998 District Census Report of Peshawar, Aug 1999, Population Census Organization, Statistics Division, GoP.
36
     1998 District Census Report of Nowshera, Dec 1999, Population Census Organization, Statistics Division, GoP.




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Gandgar in the west and Khanpur in the south. The second region Tanawal which is mainly mountainous
is sub-divided into Upper Tanawal and Lower Tanawal which lies in the north of Maidan-e-Hazara.
The third region is Khanpur Punjkahta which is a well -watered plain lying in the south-eastern corner
of the Haripur district where the Harroh emerges from the Khanpur hills. The last and fourth region is
Chhachh (Maidan-e-Khari) in the west of Haripur city. This entire tract is sub-merged under the
reservoir of the Tarbela Dam. The soil of the district is dissected loess plain or dissected piedmont plains
having silty loam, silty clay loam texture respectively.37

Swabi: The district is divided into two parts, the northern hilly areas and the southern plain. The major
part of these hills is in Gadoon area in the north-east. The other important hills are situated in north-
western corner of the district. These are locally called as the Naranji hills. The height of these hills
varies between 750 to 1400 meters above sea level. From the foot of the hills, the plain runs down, at
first with a steep slope, and then gently to the lower levels, towards the Kabul river. The lower southern
half of the district has its slope towards the river Indus. The plain area of the district is intersected by
numerous streams and many smaller ravines. The important stream is the Naranji Khawar, which flows
from Naranji hills in a south-western direction joining the Kalapani stream in Mardan district. Another
important stream is Badri Khawar which flows from the north, close to Swabi town and joins the Indus
river near village Hund. The Indus river flows along the southern boundary of the district.38

              Climate

The climatic profile of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province is extremely diverse due to various altitudes
and vegetation cover, mountain barriers and topography. Its climate varies from the dry and hot rocky
zones in south to the cool and lavish green forests in the north. It can be divided into three climate
regions i.e. the southern hottest region, the central moderate and the northern cooler regions. Extreme
climate conditions range throughout the province. The northern region of KP experiences extremely
cold and snowy winters, with heavy rainfall and pleasant summers, whereas the southern parts of KP
experience less severe winters, moderate rainfall and hotter summers.39

Table 4.1 gives an overview of weather of project districts.40

                                           Table 4.1: Rainfall (mm) and Temperature (°C)

 City               Jan       Feb      Mar Apr May Jun                   Jul      Aug Sep          Oct     Nov Dec       Mean     Total
 Peshawar
 Rainfall             33       42       65       48      23        8       40     57        22      11       13    22     32       384
 Max Temp            17.7     19.4      24       30     35.9 40.5          38     36.1 35.1 31.3 25.3 19.9               29.4        -
 MinTemp              3.8      6.5     11.3 16.3 21.4 25.9 26.7 25.8 22.8                          16.3     9.5    4.9   15.9        -
 Nowshera
 Rainfall             42       48       65       42      24       16       84     112       44      13       14    28    44.3      532
 Max Temp             18       19      24.1 30.3 36.7 41.6 38.6 36.5 35.4 31.7 25.5 19.8                                 29.7        -


37
     1998 District Census Report of Haripur, May 2000, Population Census Organization, Statistics Division, GoP.
38
     1998 District Census Report of Swabi, April 2000, Population Census Organization, Statistics Division, GoP.
39

Environmental Protection Agency. (2016). KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY. Forestry, Environment & Wildlife
Department, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

40
     Climate-Data.org (accessed on 2 January, 2020)




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 City              Jan      Feb     Mar Apr May Jun                  Jul     Aug Sep         Oct      Nov Dec             Mean         Total
 Min Temp            2.3     5.5     10.5 15.6 20.6 25.6 26.6 25.9 22.7 15.2                           7.7        2.8         15.1        -
 Haripur
 Rainfall            63      69       78      58       32      41      163     175      78       22          15         38      69.3     832
 Max Temp           17.2    18.7     23.9    28.8     34.6    39.7    36.8     34.5    33.7     30.8     24.8       19.5        28.5          -
 Min Temp            3.1     5.8     10.3    14.5      19     24.4    24.8     23.4    20.9     14.8     8.9            4.8     14.5          -
 Swabi
 Rainfall            55      58       69      47       23      25      110     137      58       14          12         31      53.2     639
 Max Temp           17.7    19.4     24.4    30.1     36.1     41      38       36      35      31.7     25.5       19.7        29.5          -
 Min Temp            2.8      6      10.6    15.3      20     24.9    25.7     24.8    21.9     15.1     8.3            3.8     14.9          -


Peshawar: Peshawar lies on 331m above sea level. The average temperature and total precipitation are
22.7 °C and 384 mm respectively. The least amount of rainfall occurs in June, with an average of 8 mm.
In March, the precipitation reaches its peak, with an average of 65 mm. The temperature is highest in
June around 40.5 °C. At 10.7 °C on average, January is the coldest month of the year.

Haripur: Haripur lies on 537m above sea level. The climate is warm and temperate in Haripur. In
winter, there is much less rainfall in Haripur than in summer. The average annual temperature and
precipitation is 21.5 °C and 832 mm respectively. The driest month is November, with 15 mm of
rainfall. With an average of 175 mm, the most precipitation falls in August. The warmest month of the
year is June, with an average temperature of 32.0 °C. January has the lowest average temperature of the
year reaching 10.1 °C.

Nowshera: Nowshera lies on 292m above sea level. The average temperature and precipitation is 22.4
°C and 532 mm respectively. The driest month is October, with 13 mm of precipitation. Most
precipitation falls in August, with an average of 112 mm. With an average of 33.6 °C, June is the
warmest month. In January, the average temperature is 10.1 °C. It is the lowest average temperature of
the whole year.

Swabi: Swabi lies on 340m above sea level. The average annual temperature and precipitation is 22.2
°C and 639 mm respectively. The least amount of rainfall occurs in November, with an average of 12
mm. Most precipitation falls in August, with an average of 137 mm. The temperature is highest in June,
at around 41 °C. In January, the average temperature is 10.25 °C. It is the lowest average temperature
of the whole year.

             Water Resources

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) water resources are used for agriculture, domestic households, industries
and power generation. Tarbela, Warsak and Dargai-Jaban dams, situated in KP, are vital for hydro-
electric power generation. In KP, surface water is found in the form of springs, precipitation, lakes,
streams and rivers. Ground water can be found as aquifers and alluvial deposits. In KP, water stress has
been exacerbated by reckless dumping of chemical waste into surface water bodies, exploitation of
underground water and water intensive manufacturing processes, with increasing pressure generated by
population growth, agriculture, deforestation and impacts of climate change. With losses to storage
capacity of water and increasing water stress per capita, surface water availability in KP is likely to
fall.41



41
     Environmental Protection Agency, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. (2016). Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Climate Change Policy




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Surface Water Resources: Surface water resources of project districts is given below.

Peshawar: The Kabul River, enters the district at Warsak and flows in a south-eastern direction in the
upper northern half of the district. On entering the Peshawar plain, it is divided into several channels.
The two main channels are the Adezai or Hajizai in the north and the Naguman in the south. The Adezai
River flows in the district along the boundary with Charsadda district. Another channel, branching from
the right bank of the Naguman river, is the Shah Alam which flows parallel to it and again merges with
Naguman river further in the east. The Bara River enters the district south of Jamrud fort and flows in
the south-eastern direction through the district into Nowshera district, where it joins the Kabul river.
From south and west the country slope towards Kabul river which takes practically whole drainage of
the tract. The plain of Peshawar district is very fertile and famous for agricultural crops. 42

Haripur: The important rivers of the district are river Indus, Sirin, Dauor and Haro. River lndus enters
the district Haripur at Darband in the north- west taking its course along the western boundary of
Haripur, makes its exit from the district at Ghazi. River Indus is the main source of Tarbela Lake. River
Sirin being a tributary to Indus River enters the district at Bir and it merges with Tarbela Lake in the
vicinity of Bir. The Dauor contains much less water and has a shorter and more rapid course than the
Sirin River. It originates at the northern end of Daunga Gali range flows through the plains of district
and joins the Sirin near the north- eastern of Gandger range 8 kilometres above Tarbela. It irrigates a
large area in Haripur district. The Haro River emanates from the southern end of Dunga Gali range
where it has two main branches. The eastern known as Dhund and the western is known as Karral Haro.
The two streams unite at the head of the Khanpur tract and the river after flowing for some distance
debauches on the Khanpur Panjkatha. The water supply is usually adequate.43

Nowshera: The Rivers in the district are the Kabul River and Indus River. The Kabul River enters the
district at its western side and runs through plain and joins Indus River at Kund near Khairabad. In
Nowshera district the streams are not so large but are much more numerous, and it is hardly possible to
travel for half a kilometre on the south bank of the Kabul River without crossing the broad bed of one
of these torrents. The chief stream is the Chipla Khwar, which with its numerous effluents carries the
drainage of the Cherat hills. Jaba and Jalozai, carry a more or less constant supply for irrigation, so that
on the whole they are beneficial in their action. To the north of the Kabul river the Sir-i-Maira bridge
comes down so close to the stream that these torrents are unimportant with the exception of the Gurga,
which joins the Kalpani in Pirsabak. The Kalpani is a perennial stream which carries the drainage of the
Yusafzai Maira and enters this tract at Katarpan, and after a course of about nine kilometres flows into
the Kabul river just to the east of the Nowshera Cantonment.44

Swabi: The famous river Indus rises from the north-east mountains of Gadoon area at Satkhaiter flowing
with the eastern and southern boundary of the district and entering the Nowshera and Attock districts at
Khund. The important Nullahs of the district are Badrai Nullah, Narangi Nullah and Shagai Nullah.
Badrai Nullah flows from the north close to Swabi town and joins the Indus river near Hund. Narangi
Nullah enter the district at Narangi from the north-east mountains passes through Nawa Killi, Turlandi
villages and leaving the district at Ismaila village enters the Mardan district. Shagai Nullah enters at
Chack Nodeh of Swabi district flowing through Dagai, Yar Hussain villages and leaving the district at
village Dobian.

Ground Water Resources: Groundwater in district Peshawar is a major source of potable water,
however it is also used for industrial and irrigational purposes. In Peshawar, groundwater is the sole
source of fresh water supply with 1,400 public tube wells operated by the government agencies.
However, a number of community/private tube wells, hand pumps and dug wells also supply fresh water
to the citizens. Besides recharging from the major rivers and irrigation canals, precipitation is an
important contributor to the process. The depth of water table varies from 1.5 meters (5 feet) in the


42 1998 District Census Report of Peshawar, Aug 1999, Population Census Organization, Statistics Division, GoP.
43
     1998 District Census Report of Haripur, May 2000, Population Census Organization, Statistics Division, GoP.
44
     1998 District Census Report of Nowshera, Dec 1999, Population Census Organization, Statistics Division, GoP.




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north up to more than 76 meters (250 feet) in the southwest. Similarly, groundwater depth (Aquifer's
depth) in the Peshawar varies from 210 meters (690 feet) up to 515 meters (1690 feet). 45

In Nowshera, water table depth generally varies from 13 to 50 meters below ground level in barani areas
whereas it is within 10 m in canal irrigated areas. The occurrence of groundwater particularly in barani
areas is controlled by hydro-geologic and climatic conditions. Rainfall is the main source of
groundwater recharge. Deep percolation from fields and stream losses at various stages of flow coupled
with varying properties of the upper soil strata and the underground aquifer are responsible for varied
availability of groundwater across the district Nowshera.46 In Haripur district, water table varies from
150- 250 feet. The predominant source of drinking water in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is groundwater.
However, due to persistent withdrawal and dwindling re-charge processes, the groundwater is depleting
rapidly at many places. 47

             Natural Hazard Vulnerability

Geological survey of Pakistan has divided Pakistan into five seismic zones. The seismic hazard in
Peshawar is aggravated by increasing vulnerability due to populated growth and expansion in
infrastructure due to its political and regional importance. It is located in the western Himalayan region
characterized by high seismicity rates due to its vicinity to the active plate boundary between the Indian
and Eurasian plates. According to MOHW-PEC-NEPAK (2007), Peshawar is placed in Zone 2B. The
Zone 2B has Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) in the range of 0.16g to 0.24g for a return period of 475
years and is considered to be at ‘Moderate’ risk of a major earthquake event.48 Nowshera district lies in
seismic Zone 2B which is Moderate hazard zone. Normally, the earthquake ranges between 3-5 on
Richter scale. Moreover, Swabi and Haripur district also lies in moderate damage 2B zone. 49 Table 4.2
below shows vulnerability of project districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to climate hazards based on
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) multi-hazard vulnerability assessment.



                             Table 4.2: Natural Hazard Vulnerability Assessment by NDMA

                                                                                                                    Multi-hazard
     District                  Flood         Landslide          Avalanche            Drought          GLOF


     Peshawar                     VH                L                  VL                VL                -                  M
     Haripur                       M               VH                   H                VL                -                  M
     Nowshera                     VH                L                  VL                VL                -                  L
     Swabi                        VH                L                  VL                  L               -                  M
     VH: Very High; H: High; M: Medium; L: Low; VL: Very Low




45
   Khan et al., (2019). Impact of Built environment on groundwater depletion in Peshawar, Pakistan. Journal of Himalayan Earth Sciences, 86-
             105.
46
   National Trasmission and Despatch Company . (2016). PAK: MFF Power Transmission Enhancement Investment Program Tranche 4-220 KV
             Nowshera Grid Station and Allied Transmission Line . Nowshera : Asian Development Bank .
47
   Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Drinking Water Policy, 2015
48
   Planning and Development Department, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa . (2017). Final Land Use Plan of District Peshawar .
49
   Building code of Pakistan, Seismic Provisions (2007)




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                                  Figure 4.6: Map of Seismic Zones of Pakistan




         Ambient Air Quality

The air quality baseline will be conducted in project districts at implementation stage to assess the
pollution concentrations in ambient air according to EQS Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Table 4.3 shows
concentration of P.M2.5 and Air Quality Index in Project Districts. Peshawar, Haripur and Nowshera air
quality remained “unhealthy� with an air quality ranking of 159, 159 and 172 respectively, according
to Air Visual’s Air Quality Index (AQI). AQI recorded between 151 - 200 is classified as 'unhealthy'
and the air quality may cause the entire population to experience adverse effects. Swabi district with an
AQI of 97 is classified as ‘moderate’ i.e. air quality is acceptable and poses little health risk.

                                 Table 4.3: Air Quality Index of Project Districts

                                                                                     AQI
 Districts                             PM2.5


                           PM2.5             WHO Standard            AQI                     Color
                        Concentration                            Concentration
 Peshawar                 70.2 ug/m3            25.0 ug/m3             159                 Unhealthy

 Haripur                  70.2 ug/m3            25.0 ug/m3             159                 Unhealthy

 Nowshera                 95.3 ug/m3            25.0 ug/m3             172                 Unhealthy

 Swabi                    34.2 ug/m3            25.0 ug/m3              97                 Moderate




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A cross sectional study was done in Peshawar to determine the concentration of air pollutants between
January 2017 to May 2017. 50 Table 4.4 shows that concentration of different air pollutants.
Concentration of CO and SO2 was within normal range. NO is also within normal range except in air
samples from Kohat Road. NO2 concentration is elevated tremendously in all places except Army
Stadium area. Concentration of Particulate matter is also elevated well beyond the normal range in all
sampled areas. Keeping in view the high level of pollutants it is concluded that air pollution is a major
issue in Peshawar. Therefore, monitoring of air quality is important for sub-project districts to evaluate
the baseline conditions.

                 Table 4.4: Concentration of different pollutant gases in different sites of Peshawar City

                                                                                                      Parameter
     S.      Location
     No.                                                                                   NO           NO2                 SO2            PM2.5
                                                                         CO
                                                                       (mg/m3)          (µg/m3)         (µg/m3)          (µg/m3)          (µg/m3)
             Normal value                                                 <10             <40              <80             <120              <15
     1       Karkhano Market                                              7.8             19.7            133.5             52.4              80
     2       Hayatabad Phase III Chowk                                    6.1             23.4            142.9             56.3              90
     3       University of Peshawar                                       4.8             25.8            154.2             62.9              40
     4       GT Road University Town                                      4.5             36.9             173               55               48
     5       Army Stadium Chowk                                           9.3             25.8             35.4             44.5              58
     6       Mufti Mehmood Flyover                                        5.1             38.1            161.7             41.9              86
     7       Bacha Khan Chowk                                             4.5             36.9            167.3             36.7              76
     8       Governor House Chowk                                         6.5             19.7            118.4             23.6              40
     9       Qayyum Stadium Chowk                                         4.8             39.4            169.2             70.7              42
     10      Pishtakhara Chowk                                            6.3             23.4            116.6             47.2              58
     11      Kohat Rd Ring Road Junction                                  7.0             49.2             203              78.6              60
     12      Lahori Gate                                                  7.7             27.1            142.9             39.3              48
     13      Khyber Bazar Chowk                                           7.0             24.3            146.6              38               46
     14      Charsadda Road                                               8.2             22.1            142.9             49.8              54
     15      Pindi Bus Stand                                              6.7             14.8            116.6             45.9              51
            Ecological Environment

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa’s biodiversity includes a diverse array of ecosystems and species, and provides a
wide range of ecosystem services, such as providing fresh water, regulating the climate, inhibiting soil
erosion, regulating surface runoff and providing bio-resources. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is divided into
four agro-ecological zones based on climate, rainfall, temperature, altitude and topography ( Table 4.5
and Figure 4.7). Peshawar, Nowshera and Swabi district comprise of central valley plain (Zone C),
whereas Haripur district falls in sub humid eastern mountain zone (Zone B). Zone C and D comprising
of Central Valley Plains and Piedmonts are used for agriculture and livestock grazing purposes.
Livelihood is majorly based on agriculture and livestock in KP, with over 80% of the population
dependent on agriculture for income. Major crops include wheat, rice and sugarcane. 51




50
     Iftikhar et al., Concentration of air pollutants and their health effects on residence of Peshawar, Pakistan. J Med Sci 2018; 26: (1) 33-36.
51
     Environmental Protection Agency, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. (2016). Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Climate Change Policy .




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                           Table 4.5: Agro-Ecological Zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa


        Zone                            Description                                      Districts
          A            Higher northern mountains, northern              Buner, Shangla, Dir/Lower and Upper,
                       mountains                                        Swat and Chitral
          B            Sub humid eastern mountains and wet              Haripur, Batagram, Mansehra,
                       mountains                                        Abbottabad, Kohistan, Torghar
          C            Central Valley Plain                             Peshawar, Mardan, Charsadda,
                                                                        Nowshera, Swabi, Kohat
          D            Piedmont plain, Suleiman piedmont                Hangu, Bannu, Karak, Lakki Marwat,
                                                                        Tank, D.I.Khan




                          Figure 4.7: Agro-ecological Zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa




         Protected Areas

The protected areas in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa cover 14% of its landmass, consist of 163 sites of all
categories of protected areas and spread across all climatic zones of the province. In addition to these
sites, there are 38 public game reserves and 106 community/private game reserves in the province.52 53
The details of protected areas of project sites are included in Table 4.6. There are 25 protected sites in
project districts which include 3 wildlife parks, 8 game reserves, 5 community game reserves, 8 private
game reserve and 1 unclassified, covers an area of 36,184 ha. The project interventions are not likely to

52
 Directorate of On-Farm Water Management . (2019). ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
          Irrigated Agriculture Improvement Project.
53
 PPAF. (2014). Environmental and Social Management Framework .




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be carried out in protected areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, however management plan will be prepared
if there is an indirect impact on any protected area.

                                  Table 4.6: Protected Areas of Project Districts


                   Name                             Area (ha)                       District
    Wildlife Parks
    Cherat                                               2,688                      Nowshera
    Manglot                                              715                        Nowshera
    Nizampur                                             2,612                      Nowshera
    Game Reserve
    Bagra                                                2560                       Haripur
    Kalinjar                                             2000                       Haripur
    Mang                                                 4350                       Haripur
    Maroba                                               3520                       Nowshera
    Nizam Pur                                            780                        Nowshera
    Pind Hashim Khan                                     3130                       Haripur
    Rakh Sardaran                                        4200                       Haripur
    Shamshtoo                                            3490                       Nowshera
    Community Game Reserve
    Mohib Banda                                           27                        Nowshera
    Baga Hills                                            61                         Swabi
    Besak                                                530                         Swabi
    Punjpir                                               55                         Swabi
    Shewa Karmar                                         627                         Swabi
    Unclassified
    Kheshki Reservoir                                    263                        Nowshera
    Private Game Reserve
    Rakh Malik Banaras Khan                               55                        Haripur
    Rakh Nadir Khan                                       47                        Haripur
    Rakh Rafaqat Shah                                     50                        Haripur
    Rakh Raja Gustasap Khan                              130                        Haripur
    Rakh Saeed Taj Muhammad                               23                        Haripur
    Rakh Sardaran                                        4200                       Haripur
    Rakh Sultan Mohammad Khan                             45                        Haripur
    Rakh Syed Ali Shah                                    26                        Haripur
    Total                                                              36,184




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             Forests

The total area under the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Forest Department in 2014-15 was 5,058,795 acres
including Reserved Forest (232,157 acres), Protected Forest (1,163,276 acres), Resumed land (90,271
acres), Unclassed Forest (259,960 acres), section 38 (19,183 acres), Communal (122,944 acres), Guzara
Forest (648,992 acres), Private Plantation (1,767,567 acres) and Miscellaneous (754,445 acres). Out of
which 488,696 acres fall in the project districts.54 NOC will be obtained from forest department (if
required) for interventions near or inside the protected forest. The list of forests in project districts is
included as Table 4.7.

                                               Table 4.7: Forests in Project Districts


              Forest Type                                                          Area ( in acres)
                                                          Peshawar           Nowshera             Haripur            Swabi
              Reserved Forest                                 0                12936               34394                   0
              Protected Forest                                0                   0                   0                    0
              Resumed Land                                    0                   0                   841             537
              Unclassed Forest                                0                   0                   0                    0
              Section 38                                     52                   0                   349                  0
              Communal                                        0                  800                  0                    0
              Guzara Forest                                   0                   0                59960                   0
              Private Plantation                            53027              159081              88378             70703
              Miscellaneous                                 1964                5325                  349                  0
              Total                                         55043              178142              184271            71240
Source: Development Statistics, KP, 2014 – 2015


           Biological Environment
This section describes the biotic factors in the project area.

             Flora

Flora of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is quite diverse. About nine distinct vegetation types exist in the
province. These include Riverain forest, Tropical thorn forest, Mazri palm scrub, and subtropical sub
humid forest, subtropical humid Chir pine forest, moist temperate conifer forest, temperate Conifer
forest, sub alpine scrubs and alpine meadows.55

In Haripur District, the common trees are Shisham (Dalbrgia sissoo), Toot (Morusable), Phulai
(Acacimadesta), Beri (Zizyphus Jujaba) and Kiker (Acacia arabica). The most famous flowers are
roses, jasmine gul- e-dawoodi etc. In Peshawar district, the common trees are mesquite, ber. acacia and
jhand. The common shrubs are spynda, akk, small red poppy, spera, camel thorn, paighambari gul and
drab grass. All kind of roses, gul-e-dawoodi, chamba (white and yellow), rambel, nargis, kasmalo,
gander, mori and other seasonal flowers are planted and sown in the district. The Swabi district is rich
in medicinal herbs56.


54
     Development Statistics, KP, 2014 – 2015

56Abdul Waheed et.al. “Survey of medicinal plants and patterns of knowledge in district Swabi/ Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,
Pakistan�, International Journal of Phytomedicine 10(2):100, July 2018




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           Fauna

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is one of the most diverse landscapes in the country that possesses every
component of the natural environment, snow covered peaks, green mountains, painted landscape, a
variety of agro-ecological zones, rivers and streams, and a variety of cultures closely knitted with the
available natural elements. All ecological zones, from temperate to arid and sandy, are full of resources
to host a number of wildlife species. Despite anthropogenic and habitat loss pressures on wildlife, and
resultant decrease of population in some species, still a few species have recovered because of
preservation efforts. Socioeconomic Environment

This section describes the socioeconomic profile of the project districts and gives a summary of the
prevailing socio-economic conditions in the project area and the population that will be potentially
affected by the Project. To ascertain the socioeconomic conditions of the project area, secondary data
was used.

           Demography and population

According to the national population census conducted in 2017, the population of the province has
increased to 30.52 million as compared to 17.74 million according to 1998 Census recording an increase
of 58% of over the last 19 years. The percentage of population in rural and urban areas in 2017 was
81.2% and 18.8% respectively. (Table 4.8).

                                        Table 4.8 Demographic Statistics 57

                              Growth Rate           Rural              Urban            Total
            Province/
                              1998-2017 (%)         Population         Population       Population
            District                                                   (2017)           (2017)
                                                    (2017)
            Peshawar                         3.99         2,299,037         1,970,042         4,269,079

            Nowshera                         2.94         1,179,890           338,650         1,518,540

            Haripur                          1.97            870,007          133,024         1,003,031

            Swabi                            2.41         1,348,691           275,925         1,624,616

            KP                               2.89        24,793,737         5,729,634        30,523,371


           Health

The provincial Department of Health (DOH) KP, headed by the secretary health, is responsible for the
design of health policies and strategies as well as M&E. It oversees three main units: (i) the health
secretariat under the DOH, supervises the sector coordination and delivery of tertiary and some
secondary District Health Quater (DHQs) health care services including teaching medical institutions
(TMIs); (ii) the director general of health services coordinates various programs and district health
service delivery and directs their implementation; and (iii) the health services academy manages in
service and pre-service training. The district health officers (DHOs) organize and deliver primary and
secondary health services, except for the DHQ hospitals. The DHQs are monitored by the medical
superintendents, reporting directly to the director general of health services. Newly established units or
bodies are in charge of policy and oversight functions: health sector reforms unit (reform strategies and




57
     http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/PAKISTAN%20TEHSIL%20WISE%20FOR%20WEB%20CENSUS_2017.pdf




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initiatives), health financing (health insurance scheme), HCC (regulation and quality assurance), and
IMU (M&E). 58

Public sector facilities in KP are composed of hospitals ranging from MTIs to DHQ hospitals and public
hospitals and supported by RHCs. These facility types have inpatient bed capacities and are further
supported by a range of un-bedded facilities: BHUs, government rural dispensaries, mother and child
health centres, and tuberculosis clinics. See Table 4.9 for KP health facilities types and capacity.

                                    Table 4.9: KP Health Care Facilities Network 59

           Type of Facility
                                                               No. of Facilities     No. of Beds Average size
           Tertiary and secondary care
           Category A hospitals, MTIs and non-                       14              9,200                  657
           MTIs
           Specialized hospitals                                     24               1,604                  67
           District headquarter (DHQ) hospitals                      19
           Tehsil headquarter (THQ) hospitals                        78
           Category B                                                13               3,104                 239
           Category C                                                26               3,061                  117
           Category D                                                63
           Other (police)                                                               150
           Primary care
           Rural health centers (RHCs)                               111              1,324                   12
           Basic health units (BHUs)                               776
           Civil dispensaries                                      446
           Mother and child health centers                           49
           Sub-health centers, TB and leprosy                        89
           clinics
           All facilities                                         1,708              18,433

Peshawar: In Peshawar, there are 17 Hospitals (with cumulative total of 5131 beds capacity), 37
dispensaries, 3 rural health centres (B=54), 47 Basic Health Units (BHUs), 4 Mother Child Health
(MCH) Centres and 4 TB Clinic (B=52). 60 Also, there are 1,046 doctors, 176 dispensers, 708 nurses,
60 Lady Health Workers (LHW) and 1,888 other paramedical staff posted by the government in the
district.61

Nowshera: In Nowshera, there are 7 Hospitals (with cumulative total of 474 beds capacity), 16
dispensaries (B= 12), 7 rural health centres (B=56), 30 Basic Health Units (BHUs), 2 Mother Child
Health (MCH) Centres and 1 TB Clinic. 62

Haripur: In Haripur, there are 10 public hospitals, 11 dispensaries, 5 RHCs, 40 BHUs, 2 MCH centres
and 6 Sub health centres. 63 In terms of public medical practitioners, overall there are 164 practicing

58
   Khyber Pakhtunkhwa HEALTH SECTOR REVIEW - Hospital Care October 2019
59
   Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Department of Health. 2017. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa HEALTH SECTOR REVIEW - Hospital Care October
2019
60
   District Health Information System, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 2018
61
   DISTRICT PROFILE – PESHAWAR DISTRICT PAKISTAN EMERGENCY SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS 2015
62
   District Health Information System, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 2018
63
   District Health Information System, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 2018




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doctors, 9 dental surgeons, 59 nurses, 30 Nurse midwives, 77 midwives and 40 LHVs. Apart from this
there are a total of 127 private medical practitioners.64

Swabi: Swabi has 6 hospitals, the number of dispensaries is 13, while 6 Rural Health Centers (RHCs)
are currently serving the community in rural areas and 38 Basic Health Units (BHUs) operate across
the district. There are 2 TB and 1 leprosy clinics available. The number of Maternal and Child Health
(M.C.H) centers is 3. 65

      Table 4.10: District/Tehsil Wise Number of Govt. Health Institutions & their Bed Strength in Khyber
                                               Pakhtunkhwa 66

     District/Tehs      Hospitals          Dispensarie          R.H.Cs             T.B Clinics         MCH         Sub           BHU        Lepros
     il                                    s                                                           Centr       Health        s          y
                        Nos      Bed       Nos Bed              Nos      Bed       Nos       Bed       e           Centre                   Clinic
                        .        s         .     s              .        s         .         s                     s
     Peshawar           17       513       37    0              3        54        4         52        4           0             47         1
                                 1
     Nowshera           7        474       16        12         7        98        1         0         2           1             30         0
     Haripur            10       651       11        0          5        54        1         0         2           6             40         1
     Swabi              6        530       13        0          6        90        2         0         3           0             38         1

The health outcome situation analysis reveals that infant mortality and under-5 mortality rates are 53
and 64 per 1,000 live births in KP compared to 62 and 74 per 1,000 live births at the national level. The
Neonatal and post neonatal mortality rate is 42 and 11 for 10-year period preceding the Pakistan
Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS). In terms of service utilization by women; the 2017-18 PDHS
results shows KP to be second lowest in terms of maternal and antenatal care coverage. The results
show that 80.1% of women who gave birth in the 5 years preceding the survey received antenatal care
from a skilled provider at least once for their last birth with 44.6% having received 4 or more Antenatal
Care visits. Urban women were more likely than rural women to have received ANC from a skilled
provider (93% and 77% respectively). Similarly, for KP, the trends for birth having occurred in health
facility shows 62% of women in KP having used a health facility for delivery. 67

                                 Table 4.11: Women using Antenatal Care in Project Districts

                       District                                                Avg. Women Using Antenatal Care
                                                                               (2018)
                       Peshawar                                                5061
                       Haripur                                                 5513
                       Nowshera                                                2601
                       Swabi                                                   3266

The District Health Information System (DHIS) for KP report for 2018 shows Antenatal care services
(ANC-1) in government health facilities with Nowshera showing the worst performance in terms of
average antenatal coverage for year 2018. 68 As for immunization, children under 12 months receiving
3rd Pentavalent vaccine shows that only around 66% of expected children have been immunized
through pentavalent vaccine and only 58% children under 12 months in Peshawar having received 1st
Measles vaccine. The table below shows the situation for immunization for all 4 project districts.




64
   District Profile Haripur - Small and Medium Enterprise Development Authority 2013
65
   District Health Information System, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 2018
66
   District Health Information System, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 2018
67
   National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS) [Pakistan] and ICF. 2019. Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2017-18. Islamabad, Pakistan,
and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NIPS and ICF.
68
   https://www.dhiskp.gov.pk/reports/1st%20Quarter%20Report%202019.pdf




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                             Table 4.12: Situation for immunization in Project Districts (2018)

     District             Population            Expected            Children under 12            %           Children under 12            %
                                                Children            m received 1st                           m received 3rd
                                                                    Measles vaccine                          Pentavalent
                                                                                                             vaccine
     Peshawar             4269079               123803              71660                        58          81281                        66
     Haripur              1003031               29088               29018                        100         28651                        98
     Nowshera             1518540               44038               27205                        62          30429                        69
     Swabi                1624616               47114               40151                        85          42465                        90

Overall for KP, about 73.5 percent of the children receive vitamin A supplementation (versus 75 percent
nationally). The use of modern contraceptives is very low both at the provincial level (23 percent) and
at the national level (25 percent), while the proportion of children immunized against measles is at 63
percent in the province versus 73 percent nationally. The table below shows KP performance in terms
of health outcomes and service utilization in comparison to the national average and average of its peers
in the South Asia Region (SAR). 69

      Table 4.13 Key Health Outcomes and Service Utilization Indicators in KP vis a vis National and SAR70

                                                                                    KP (PDHS Pakistan                    SAR average#
                                                                                    2017/18) (PDHS                       (2015-2017)
                                                                                             2017/18)
        Key RMNCHN outcomes
        Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)                               53                62.0               31.9
        Under-5 mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)                              64                74.0               39.7
        TFR (births per woman)                                                      4.0               3.6                2.6
        Stunting rate (% of children under 5)                                       40%               37.6               35.0*
        Key RMNCHN service utilization indicators
        Skilled birth deliveries (% of pregnant women)                              62%               69.3               --
        Any ANC from a skilled provider (% of pregnant women)                       80.1%             86.2               --
        Use of modern contraception (% of currently married                         23%               25.0               50.3**
        women)
        Vitamin A supplementation (% of children ages 6-59 73.5%                                      75.2               82.9
        months)
        Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) 63.3                                  73.0               85.4


            COVID-19 Situation Analysis in Pakistan

The current situation analysis of COVID-19 in KP reveals 3712 cases reported and 203 deaths as of 7th
May, 2020, making it the highest number of cases as compared to other provinces. The countrywide
case fatality rate (CFR) is 1.43 percent with the highest being reported in KP (3.5 percent) followed by
Sindh (1.7pc), GB (1.3pc), Punjab (0.8pc) and Balochistan (0.5pc). The government of Pakistan
provided the COVID-19 mitigation strategies such as early case detection and Tracing and tracking of
contacts, Risk communication, Social Distancing, Quarantine and Isolation to avoid the spread of
COVID-19.

Designated Hospitals: In the capital territory Islamabad, there are two government hospitals functional
for COVID. While in the Baluchistan, there were 10 hospitals for COVID-19. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
(KP) 7, Punjab (PJB) 6, Sindh (SD) 4, Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) 4, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) 3
hospitals are functional. Specific hospitals have been approved for admission and management of

69
   http://nips.org.pk/abstract_files/PDHS%202017-18%20-%20key%20%20findings.pdf
70
   Sources: # WBG. Find my Friends using data from the Health Nutrition and Population statistics (unless otherwise specified). *United Nations
Children's Fund (UNICEF). 2017. http://www.unicefrosaprogressreport.org/stopstunting. html, **UN 2015. Estimated.
https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/family/ trendsContraceptive Use2015Report.pdf




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suspected and confirmed based upon availability of quality isolation wards at Federal, provincial and
regional level. Each institute and hospital are expected to conduct need and availability assessment of
supplies (equipment, personal protective equipment, laboratory diagnostics) and including
identification of sources to ensure provision and availability of PPEs and other equipment. The recently
drafted National IPC guidelines/SOPs (Standard operational procedure) will be distributed and
implemented which are following;

        1. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) have been developed and disseminated for waste
           management at hospitals and airports. Local SOPs should be established and available in all
           HCFs with appropriate training of the staff assigned to handle the waste.

        2. Disinfection and Environmental decontamination SOPs were developed.

Quarantine Facilities: The Quarantines being used to restrict the activities or separation of persons (in
a non-health care facility) who were not ill yet, but who might have been exposed to an infectious agent
or disease such as COVID 19 with the objective of monitoring symptoms and early detection of cases.
The places use for Quarantine of COVID-19 people are widely disturbed in provinces. In Islamabad the
capital of the country, have allotted the two quarantine facilities. In the Baluchistan, there were 10,
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 52, Punjab 6, Sindh 2, while Gilgit-Baltistan 63 quarantine facilities were being
functional.

Testing Facilities: Globally PCR is used for COVID-19 test which are the best and easy method, so
Pakistan's government also recommends PCR method. In different cities across the country 15 (ICT-
01, Balochistan-01, KP-01, Punjab-04, Sindh-05, AJK-01, GB-01 and NIH mobile testing lab deployed
in Taftan) laboratories have been equipped with free PCR system facilities for COVID-19 test.
Pakistan's testing capacity has been increased from 30,000 to 280,000 and would be further enhanced
to 900,00071.

              Education

In 2010, introduction of 18th Constitutional Amendment led to the devolution of all administrative and
legislative functions relating to education to the provinces72. As a result, education policy, planning,
governance and management processes were reconfigured across all provinces. In KP, the Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa Elementary and Secondary Education Department (E&SED) is the key provincial entity
that is mandated to manage both formal and non-formal education functions. The E&SED has adopted
National Education Policy 2009 as the guiding framework for education sector in the province. In order
to be compliant with the constitutional obligation under Article 25-A, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Free
Compulsory Primary and Secondary Education Act was enacted in 2017. The law provides for free and
compulsory education for all children in the province.

At the policy level, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa’s Education Sector Plan (ESP) 2015-20 provides
comprehensive and all-encompassing policy guidance to deal with the challenges related to access,
quality and governance of education. ESP vision and targets indicate that the Elementary and Secondary
Education Department (E&SED) is strategically planning and carefully prioritizing actions for
sustainable transformation of the sector ultimately leading to provision of quality education to all
children in KP. Besides providing policy guidance, ESP also points towards the need to address
management, planning and implementation capacity gaps at all governance tiers for successful
implementation of the plan and its targets.



71   https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2052297520300330
72
     The Gazette of Pakistan, Extr. Pt.1, Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act 2010, Act No X of 2010, P 267, 20th April 2010.




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Education Management and Service Delivery Structure: Province, Districts and Schools: The
education management and service delivery structure in KP consists of provincial, district and school
tiers. The key actors in education service delivery and their operational relations at province, district
and school levels. At the provincial level, E&SED is the key provincial department in KP that is
responsible for education policy, planning, service delivery and monitoring. Directorate of Elementary
and Secondary Education (DESE) is the key provincial entity that manages the planning, budgeting,
human resource management and monitoring functions under the policy guidance of E&SED. DESE
directly manages the district education management and it also acts as a bridge between Secretariat of
E&SE and district management. The allied institutions of E&SED at provincial level, which can be
seen below in Figure 16, include Directorate of Curriculum and Teachers Education (DCTE), Provincial
Institute for Teacher Education (PITE), Regional Institutes for Teacher Education (RITEs), Planning
Cell, Provincial Education Assessment Centre (PEACE), Elementary and Secondary Education
Foundation (ESEF), Education Sector Reforms Unit (ESRU), Education Management Information
System (EMIS) and Independent Monitoring Unit (IMU). Their role and responsibilities are provided
in detail in Annexure 3.

                                      Figure 4.8: Mapping Education Administration- KP




The provincial government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has devolved the subject of education to the district
governments73. The KP Local Government Act, 2013, authorizes the District Government for operation,
management and control of devolved offices74, education being one of them. District governments are
responsible for the provision of education services but the linkages between elected local governments
and district education management are not effective. The KP Local Government Act, 2013, requires
allocation of development grant for local governments by the Provincial Finance Commission (PFC)
which is to be not less than thirty percent (30%) of the total development budget of the province. The
grant shall be in addition to the establishment charges budgeted for the devolved functions and transfers
in Lieu of Octroi and Zilla taxes75. District education management in KP owing to its weak linkages
and administrative relations with local governments is not effectively benefitting from the finances

73
     First Schedule, Part A, The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act 2013
74
     Section 13, KP Local Government Act 2013
75
     Section 53-1(a) & 4, The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act 2013




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available with devolved elected governments. These additional development financing can help
improve education service delivery in each district. The district education management works under the
administrative control of DESE and it comprises District Education Officer (DEO) male, DEO female,
Deputy DEOs, Sub DEOs and Assistant SDEOs.

Besides provincial ESP, KP has also developed district education plans (DEP) for each district in the
province. KP DEPs have been developed using district specific data and are responsive to unique needs
of each district. KP has employed bottom-up planning approach to make sure that each DEP responds
to the needs of entire school age population in that district. The unique features of KP DEPs are that
they are not only costed but also aligned to the policy priorities and goals set in provincial ESP.
Implementation of DEPs and delivery of key education services require that district education
management establishes effective operational relations with the province, local governments and
schools.

The education outcome situation analysis reveals that while the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs) focused the world’s attention on ensuring every child gained access to basic education , KP
along with other provinces in Pakistan, has struggled to deliver this. Overall, Pakistan’s HDI value for
2018 is 0.560— which put the country in the medium human development category—positioning it at
152 out of 189 countries and territories. Despite repeated national and international commitments, the
MDG targets for net primary enrolment (5-9 years), completion rates (grade 1-5) as well as literacy
rates (10 years and above) have been widely missed. As per the latest Pakistan Social and Living
Standards Measurement (PSLM) survey, Pakistan’s overall literacy rate is at 58 percent, with literacy
rate of males 70 percent and 48 percent of females. The national Net Enrolment Rate (NER) at primary
level stood at 54 percent while Punjab leading the rest with 59 percent, followed by Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa with 53, Sindh by 48 percent and Balochistan 33 percent. Similarly, the Gross Enrolment
Rate (GER) for Pakistan is 87 percent; again Punjab with 93 percent, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 88 percent,
Sindh 78 percent and Balochistan 60 percent. The data on national learning achievements shows an
equally bleak picture. A recent Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) suggests that barely 50% of
the children in Grade 5 can read Urdu and only 40% can read English or do 3-digit divisions.

One of the most concerning indicators is the number of Out of School Children (OOSC) and high
dropout rate. The latest report on Pakistan Education Statistics (PES) (2015-16), by the National
Education Management Information System (NEMIS), has estimated that there are currently 51.17
million out of school children in Pakistan between the ages of 5 and 16. Of these, 5.03 million children
are of primary-school-going age out of school. At the middle, high and higher secondary level the out
of school children are 6.40 million, 4.88 million and 6.33 million respectively. Similarly, the retention
or survival rate is also presenting a very bleak picture. From the same report, the current survival rate
at primary level is only 65%, down from the 69% reported in 2014-15.

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa also faces challenges of inequitable educational access and quality as around 2.38
million children of 5-16 years of age are out of school in the province.76 The survival rate at primary
level matches the national survival and is reported to be around 64.3 percent. Alif Ailan also suggested
that the dropout rate in KP, for children between the age of 5-16, is around 34.5%. As per recent data
KP province has 27,514 thousand primary, middle and higher secondary public sector schools with 4.49
million students and 131,610 thousand school teachers.77 The Net Enrolment Rate (NER) at primary
level for boys in KP is 58 percent compared with 47 percent for girls. There is a huge decline in NERs
at the middle and matric levels in KP as only 21 percent and 10 percent of the age-appropriate population
is enrolled at middle and matric levels, respectively.78 The Gender Parity Index (GPI) in enrolment
stands at 0.74 in KP, the GPI at primary level is 0.84 while at secondary level it significantly drops to
0.60. The overall literacy rate (10 years and above) of the province is 53 percent in 2015-16, which is



76
     NEMIS (2018).
77
     NEMIS. (2018).
78
     PSLM, 2016




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below the national average (58 percent). There is a marked difference in male (72 percent) and female
(36 percent) literacy rates in the province. 79

The following statistics provide some of the key provincial statistics,

        •     Out of the 27,514 total schools, 21,180 (61% boys and 39% girls) are government primary
              schools, 791 are mosque/maktab schools and 255 are community primary schools. Out of the
              total primary schools, 1369 schools are located in urban areas and 19,811 are located in rural
              areas. There are 5,543 schools at the secondary level (61% boys and 39% girls), out of which
              there are 2,673 middle schools, 2,227 high schools and 643 higher secondary schools ( Table
              4.14).

                                 Table 4.14: Total Number of Schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

                                                                                                  Higher
             All level institutions Primary             Mosque         Middle        High                           Total
                                                                                                  Secondary
             Boys Schools                  12586             791           1475        1422             411           16685
             Girl Schools                   8594              0            1198        805              232           10829
             Total                         21180             791           2673        2227             643           27514
             Percentage                     77%              3%        10%              8%              2%            100%


        •     In terms of missing facilities, statistics on provision of basic facilities reveals that 8% of the
              schools lack boundary walls, 18% of the schools lack drinking water supply, 26% schools lack
              electricity and 8% schools lack toilets facilities. (Table 4.15)

                            Table 4.15: Percentage of Government Schools without Basic Facilities


     All level           Boundary Wall                             Water                      Electricity                   Toilet
     Institutio
     ns              Boys      Girls       Total      Boys         Girls     Total    Boys      Girls       Total   Boys    Girls    Total

     High            3.38      0.12        2.20       7.31         4.22      6.20     8.02      5.47        7.09    1.97    0.37     1.39
                     %         %           %          %            %         %        %         %           %       %       %        %
     Higher          1.22      0.00        0.78       4.87         0.86      3.42     4.14      1.72        3.27    0.49    0.00     0.31
     Secondar        %         %           %          %            %         %        %         %           %       %       %        %
     y
     Middle          6.31      1.75        4.26       17.42        12.85     15.38    25.08     20.45       23.01   5.69    1.59     3.85
                     %         %           %          %            %         %        %         %           %       %       %        %
     Primary         12.79     3.77        9.26       25.18        12.89     20.37    32.93     23.07       29.07   13.0    4.11     9.53
                     %         %           %          %            %         %        %         %           %       1%      %        %
     Total           11.13     3.20        8.01       22.47        11.99     18.34    29.40     21.02       26.10   11.1    3.46     8.10
                     %         %           %          %            %         %        %         %           %       1%      %        %


        •     Overall enrollment in government schools is 4.381 million with 3.116 million (71.14%)
              students enrolled at primary level, 1.264 million (28.86%) students enrolled at middle and
              secondary level. Further breakup of enrollment percentage at secondary level includes 18.58%
              at middle, 8.49% at high and 1.79% at higher secondary level. Implying that the average number



79
     Government of Pakistan. (2018). Op. cit. Chapter 10.




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           of students in government primary schools is 142 while it is 228 in secondary schools (Table
           4.16).

                                Table 4.16: Gender Wise Enrolment in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

      All level Institutions                    Boys Schools           Girls Schools           Total Enrollment             Percentage
      Primary (Katchi to 5)                             1690347                 1425972                       3116319             71%
      Middle (6-8)                                        492708                  321190                       813898             19%
      High (8- 10)                                        233304                  139045                       372349              8%
      Higher Secondary (11 -12)                             50313                  27737                         78050             2%
      Total                                             2466672                 1913944                       4380616            100%


     •     The total number of sanctioned posts of teachers in government schools is 162,553 (102,941
           male and 59,612 female). From the total sanctioned posts of teachers in government schools,
           81,822 posts are in primary schools (51,309 male and 30,513 female), 18,731 posts are in
           middle schools (10,881 male and 7,850 female), 38,658 posts are in high schools (25,520 male
           and 13,38 female) while 23,342 posts in higher secondary schools (15,231 male and 8,111
           female).

     •     Total number of working teachers in government schools is 142,623 (91,606 male and 51,017
           female). From the total teachers, 75,603 teachers are in primary schools, 873 are in mosque
           schools, 15,666 are in middle schools, 33,259 are in high schools and 17,222 are in higher
           secondary schools. The teacher student ratio in government primary schools level is 1:41 while
           it is 1:19 in secondary schools (Table 4.17).

                                  Table 4.17: Number of Working Teachers in Govt. Schools

          All level Institutions           Male                    Female                  Total                       Percentage
                                              48,345                  28,131                                                  54%
          Primary                                                                                  76,476
                                               63%                     37%
                                               9406                    6260                                                   11%
          Middle                                                                                   15,666
                                               60%                     40%
                                              22280                   10979                                                   23%
          High                                                                                     33,259
                                               67%                     33%
                                              11575                    5647                                                   12%
          Higher Secondary                                                                         17,222
                                               67%                     33%
                                              91,606                  51,017                                                 100%
          Total                                                                                    142,623
                                               64%                     36%

The overall Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) 80 (based on population 5-9 years projected from 1998
population census, BoS) in government primary schools, non-government schools and deeni madaris
(an institution primarily in control of religious educational intitution) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is 89%
while GER in only government primary schools is 60%. Similarly, the overall GER (based on
population 10-14 years projected from 1998 population census, BoS) in government secondary schools
and non-government schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is 44% while GER in only government secondary
schools is 30%.




80
   Dividing the total number of students at a particular level of education regardless of age by the population of age group corresponding to the
official age of that level and converting the result in to a percentage is called GER.




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The overall Net Enrollment Ratio (NER)81 at primary level is 68%, while it is 32% at Secondary Level.
The transition rate from Class-5 to Class-6 in government schools is 87.45% (86.5% for boys and
88.91% for girls). The most discouraging numbers however are of gender parity where the Gender
Parity Index82 (GPI) is 74.51% at primary level while at secondary level it is 58.18% in the year 2017-
18.

Peshawar District: In Peshawar District, the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) (based on population 5-9
years projected from 1998 population census, Bureau of Statitics (BoS) in government primary schools,
non-government schools and deeni madaris is 82% while GER in only government primary schools is
40%. Similarly, the overall GER (based on population 10-14 years projected from 1998 population
census, BoS) in government secondary schools and non-government schools is 37% while GER in only
government secondary schools is 18%. (Table 4.18)

                               Table 4.18: Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in Peshawar District


                                    Primary Level                                                  Middle, High and Higher Secondary
       Govt. Schools               Private Schools                 Deeni Madaris                    Govt. School                  Private Schools
     Boys    Girls     Total     Boys        Girls   Total      Boys      Girls     Total      Boys      Girls      Total     Boys       Girls       Total
     40%     39%       40%       52%         29%     41%        2%        0%        1%         20%       16%        18%       27%        12%         19%
The overall Net Enrollment Ratio (NER) at primary level is 68%, while it is 32% at Secondary Level.
The transition rate from Class-5 to Class-6 in government schools is 93.48% (86.50% for boys and
105.76% for girls). The most discouraging numbers however are of gender parity where the Gender
Parity Index (GPI) is 73.40% at primary level while at secondary level it is 57.45% in the year 2017-
18. (Table 4.19)

                                Table 4.19: Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) in Peshawar District


                                    Primary Level                                                  Middle, High and Higher Secondary
       Govt. Schools               Private Schools                 Deeni Madaris                    Govt. School                  Private Schools
     Boys    Girls     Total     Boys        Girls   Total      Boys      Girls     Total      Boys      Girls      Total     Boys       Girls       Total
     30%     26%       28%       43%         24%     33%        1%        0%        1%         20%       16%        18%       27%        12%         19%


Out of 1384 government schools, 1039 are govt. primary schools, 157 are govt. middle schools, 141 are
govt. high schools and 47 are govt. higher secondary schools. In terms of missing facilities in
government primary schools, statistics on provision of basic facilities reveals that 9 of the schools lack
boundary walls, 79 of the schools lack drinking water supply, 402 schools lack electricity and 31 schools
lack toilets facilities (Table 4.20).

     Table 4.20: Number of Government Primary Schools with/without Basic Facilities in Peshawar District


     Gender            Boundary Wall                           Water                           Electricity                           Toilet
                                                                                                                                         Total
                     Total        Total              Total          Total              Total with        Total            Total
                                                                                                                                         without
                     with         without            with           without                              without          with

     Boys              766               7              735               42                533              244              753                24
     Girls             605               2              570               37                449              158              600                7

81
   Dividing the number of students enrolled at a particular level of education of official age group by the population of age group corresponding to
the official age of that level and converting the result into a percentage is called NER.
82
   Ratio of female to male values of Gross Enrolment Ratios is called GPI in gross enrolment.




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Nowshera District: In Nowshera District, the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) (based on population 5-9
years projected from 1998 population census, BoS) in government primary schools, non-government
schools and deeni madaris is 90% while GER in only government primary schools is 56%. Similarly,
the overall GER (based on population 10-14 years projected from 1998 population census, BoS) in
government secondary schools and non-government schools is 44% while GER in only government
secondary schools is 30% (Table 4.21).

                           Table 4.21: Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in Nowshera District


                              Primary Level                                        Middle, High and Higher Secondary

    Govt. Schools             Private Schools             Deeni Madaris             Govt. School            Private Schools

 Boys    Girls     Total    Boys       Girls    Total   Boys    Girls   Total   Boys    Girls    Total    Boys    Girls      Total

 56%     57%       56%      39%        24%      32%     3%      1%      2%      33%     26%      30%      18%     9%         14%



The overall Net Enrollment Ratio (NER) at primary level is 69%, while it is 31% at Secondary Level.
The transition rate from Class-5 to Class-6 in government schools is 94.33% (92.88% for boys and
96.38% for girls). The Gender Parity Index (GPI) is 84.54% at primary level while at secondary level
it is 68.63% in the year 2017-18 (Table 4.22).

                            Table 4.22: Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) in Nowshera District


                              Primary Level                                        Middle, High and Higher Secondary

    Govt. Schools             Private Schools             Deeni Madaris             Govt. School            Private Schools

 Boys    Girls     Total    Boys       Girls    Total   Boys    Girls   Total   Boys    Girls    Total    Boys    Girls      Total

 42%     38%       40%      33%        20%      27%     2%      1%      2%      22%     15%      19%      15%     8%         12%



Out of 1015 government schools, 771 are govt. primary schools, 101 are govt. middle schools, 106 are
govt. high schools and 37 are govt. higher secondary schools. In terms of missing facilities in
government primary schools, statistics on provision of basic facilities reveals that 15 of the schools lack
boundary walls, 51 of the schools lack drinking water supply, 92 schools lack electricity and 17 schools
lack toilets facilities (Table 4.23).

  Table 4.23: Number of Government Primary Schools with/without Basic Facilities in Nowshera District

 Gender            Boundary Wall                        Water                   Electricity                    Toilet

                 Total       Total             Total      Total          Total with    Total        Total          Total
                 with        without           with       without                      without      with           without

 Boys              538            10             521            30           509          42             539            11
 Girls             446             5             435            21           405          50             450            6




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Haripur District: In Haripur District, the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) (based on population 5-9 years
projected from 1998 population census, BoS) in government primary schools, non-government schools
and deeni madaris is 112% while GER in only government primary schools is 64%. Similarly, the
overall GER (based on population 10-14 years projected from 1998 population census, BoS) in
government secondary schools and non-government schools is 62% while GER in only government
secondary schools is 41% (Table 4.24).

                           Table 4.24: Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in Haripur District


                              Primary Level                                       Middle, High and Higher Secondary

    Govt. Schools            Private Schools             Deeni Madaris             Govt. School             Private Schools

 Boys    Girls     Total   Boys       Girls    Total   Boys    Girls   Total   Boys     Girls    Total    Boys   Girls    Total

 62%     65%       64%     51%        42%      47%     2%      0%      1%      43%      39%      41%      23%    19%      21%


The overall Net Enrollment Ratio (NER) at primary level is 81%, while it is 43% at Secondary Level.
The transition rate from Class-5 to Class-6 in government schools is 100.53% (99.25% for boys and
101.91% for girls). The Gender Parity Index (GPI) is 93.04% at primary level while at secondary level
it is 87.88% in the year 2017-18 (Table 4.25).

                            Table 4.25: Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) in Haripur District

                              Primary Level                                       Middle, High and Higher Secondary
    Govt. Schools            Private Schools             Deeni Madaris               Govt. School           Private Schools
 Boys    Girls     Total   Boys       Girls    Total   Boys    Girls   Total    Boys     Girls   Total    Boys    Girls      Total
 40%     41%       40%     44%        35%      40%     1%      0%      1%       25%      24%     25%      20%     16%        18%


Out of 1130 government schools, 854 are govt. primary schools, 128 are govt. middle schools, 121 are
govt. high schools and 27 are govt. higher secondary schools. In terms of missing facilities in
government primary schools, statistics on provision of basic facilities reveals that 47 of the schools lack
boundary walls, 197 of the schools lack drinking water supply, 228 schools lack electricity and 48
schools lack toilets facilities (Table 4.26).

   Table 4.26: Number of Government Primary Schools with/without Basic Facilities in Haripur District

 Gender
                   Boundary Wall                       Water                   Electricity                   Toilet
                                                                                                                 Total
                 Total      Total             Total      Total          Total with     Total        Total
                                                                                                                 without
                 with       without           With       without                       without      with

 Boys              636           45           507        175            491            191          638          44
 Girls             479            2           459        22             444            37           477          4


Swabi District: In Swabi, the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) (based on population 5-9 years projected
from 1998 population census, BoS) in government primary schools, non-government schools and deeni
madaris is 99% while GER in only government primary schools is 66%. Similarly, the overall GER
(based on population 10-14 years projected from 1998 population census, BoS) in government




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secondary schools and non-government schools is 55% while GER in only government secondary
schools is 40% (Table 4.27).

                           Table 4.27: Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in Swabi District


                             Primary Level                                          Middle, High and Higher Secondary

    Govt. Schools           Private Schools              Deeni Madaris              Govt. School              Private Schools

 Boys    Girls     Total   Boys       Girls    Total   Boys    Girls   Total    Boys    Girls       Total   Boys      Girls      Total

 67%     66%       66%     40%        22%      32%     1%      0%      1%       45%     34%         40%     22%       7%         15%




The overall Net Enrollment Ratio (NER) at primary level is 76%, while it is 40% at Secondary Level.
The transition rate from Class-5 to Class-6 in government schools is 92.76% (88.42% for boys and
98.85% for girls). The Gender Parity Index (GPI) is 81.48% at primary level while at secondary level
it is 63.64% in the year 2017-18 (Table 4.28).

                            Table 4.28: Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) in Swabi District


                                                                                    Middle, High and Higher Secondary
                             Primary Level
    Govt. Schools            Private Schools              Deeni Madaris               Govt. School             Private Schools

 Boys    Girls     Total   Boys       Girls    Total    Boys   Girls   Total     Boys       Girls   Total     Boys     Girls      Total

 50%     48%       49%     34%        19%      27%      1%     0%      1%        30%        23%     27%       19%      6%         13%


Out of 391 government schools, 1010 are govt. primary schools, 130 are govt. middle schools, 130 are
govt. high schools and 35 are govt. higher secondary schools. In terms of missing facilities in
government primary schools, statistics on provision of basic facilities reveals that 18 of the schools lack
boundary walls, 72 of the schools lack drinking water supply, 67 schools lack electricity and 26 schools
lack toilets facilities (Table 4.29).

    Table 4.29: Number of Government Primary Schools with/without Basic Facilities in Swabi District

 Gender            Boundary Wall                       Water                   Electricity                     Toilet
                 Total     Total              Total      Total         Total with      Total          Total           Total
                 with      without            With       without                       without        with            without

 Boys              722           16           693        45            700             39             711             26
 Girls             567           2            542        27            541             28             569             0


         Education in the Context of COVID-19

During the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, the dispensation of formal education is something that
should not be halted. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an immediate effect on the education
system. The GoP has ordered a nationwide closure of all educational institutions and postponed




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all examinations until 15th July, 2020. This decision has left more than 50 million students out of
school.

The COVID-19 pandemic will disproportionately affect disadvantaged and unreached children,
including girls and young women. Low-income households will be immediately affected as most
distance learning opportunities that are technology-based are inaccessible to families from
lower socio-economic background. The pandemic also will reduce both the demand and supply
of education through at least the following channels:

            •   School closures that stalled the learning of children and with limited alternative channels
                available inequity in learning will increase
            •   a negative shock to household income that would make children in those households less
                likely to attend school once schools reopen, particularly for girls and young women
            •   a negative effect on households’ perceptions and attitudes towards sending children to school
                due to fears of contagion and a general perceived sense of insecurity; and
            •   a negative impact to the supply of education via a reduction of public funding for education
                and the effect of closures on the capacity of low-fee private schools to continue operating.

Pakistan launch its first Tele School Channel which is a joint project of Pakistan Television Ltd and
the Ministry of Education. The channel will be available on satellite, terrestrial and cable. The
educational channel will beam programs from 8am to 5pm every day and deliver content for grades 1
to 12.

                Gender Based Violence

Gender based violence against women is highly prevalent but remains mostly underreported where
majority of the literature suggests lower number of reported cases of rape, abuse, harassment and even
killings in KP. A scoping study conducted by the Gender Equality Programme (GEP) funded by USAID
and implemented in Pakistan by The Asia Foundation (TAF) and Aurat Foundation identified that a
total of 8,548 cases of GBV were reported across Pakistan during 2010 out of which only 655 cases
were reported in KP. Similarly, police registered 4870 cases of Violence Against Women (VAW)
during 2010, out of which 998 cases were reported to authorities in KP.83 The number of cases was
lower in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa because of a strong tribal culture and lack of access to media. Although
no formal studies have taken place, it is clear that gender-based violence is grossly under-reported,
particularly in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa and Balochistan, both of which have seen conflict, unrest, or
displacement.

There are many NGOs and programmes working on women rights in KP. Khushal welfare Organization
works in Peshawar with other NGOs in the Tribal NGO Consortium on raising awareness about
women’s rights and awareness. Life and Hope works in KP and erstwhile FATA to raise awareness
about traditional harmful practices such as honor killing and dowry related violence. 84

An immediate impact of COVID-19 has been the suspension of emergency and protective services for
women and girls, and a reprioritization of efforts towards combating violence against women and girls
which are highly likely to surge during the crisis. Lockdown policies are not only creating the conditions
in which domestic and sexual violence is more likely to occur, it has concurrently reduced women and
girls’ ability to report and access support services.

In terms of reproductive health and family planning (RHFP), as resources are pulled towards emergency
health response to combat COVID-19, women and girls of reproductive age are at an increased risk of
unwanted pregnancies, unsafe deliveries and abortions; reduced ante-natal and post-natal visits and
83
     Gender-Based Violence - in Pakistan Aurat Foundation A Scoping Study 2011
https://www.humanitarianlibrary.org/sites/default/files/2014/02/GENDER%20BASED%20VIOLENCE%20-
%20R%20PARVEEN%20%282%29.pdf
84
     ibid




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facility-based deliveries by expecting mothers due to closure of facilities and grounding of community
health workers; reduced routine immunization due to interruption in the supply of vaccines; and
infection transmission between healthcare providers and patients seeking reproductive care.



              Afghan Refugees

The Commissioner- ate for Afghan Refugees (CAR) for KP shows a population of 391,670 in 43 camps
in KP. Approximately 256,320 registered afghan refugees reside outside of CAR camps. The most
updated figure by UNHCR shows that as of January 1, 2020 there are around 822,429 Afghan Refugees
in KP making KP a host to the largest number of refugees in Pakistan. 85 Districts with the highest
presence include Peshawar, Swabi, Kohat, Hangu, Nowshera and Haripur. Only a small proportion of
the refugees in KP live in urban Peshawar (74,646), whereas the remaining live in rural settlements.
There are approximately 195,605registered Afghan refugees in the project districts (Table 4.30).

                                     Table 4.30: Number of Afghan Refugees by District86

      District                 Name of admin camp              Number of Afghan                     Number of Afghan
                                                               refugees (families)                  Refugees (individuals)
      Peshawar                          Kababian                              794                                 4390
                                        Badaber                               2840                                14438
                                        Khazana                               921                                 4434
                                        Naguman                               410                                 2437
                                        Khurasan                              376                                 2259
                                     Mera Kachori                             2690                                13170
                                      Shamshatoo                              3631                                18817
                                Sub-Total Peshawar                          11662                                 59945
      Haripur                             Panian                            10392                                 58063
                                       Basu Mera                                -                                   -
                                        Padhana                             1339x                                 7659
                                 Sub-Total Haripur                          11731                                 65722
      Nowshera                       Akora Khattak                            4719                                24316
                                       Khairabad                              1926                                9239
                                       Turkaman                               410                                 2820
                                Sub-Total Nowshera                            7055                                36375
      Swabi                           ï?¡    Barakai                        ï?¡     2823                          ï?¡     15337
                                      ï?¡     Gandaf                        ï?¡     2823                          ï?¡     18226
                                   Sub-Total Swabi                            5646                                33563
      Total                                                                 36094                               195605


The GoP established a Commissionerate of Afghan Refugees (CAR) in each province to oversee the
management of refugee camps and other refugee related activities and granted refugees the rights to
access education and health services as acknowledged in the Solutions Strategy for Afghan Refugees
(SSAR). KPCAR has the mandate for Camp Management/Administration and Coordination of the
official Camps. Currently the CAR is managing 43 camps in KP.


85
     https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/pak#category-7
86
     Source : Commissionerate of Afghan Refugees Khyber Pakhtunkhwa -m Afghan Refugees Camp Population in KP March 2018 (PDF).




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Though the Government of Pakistan has maintained a clear policy on allowing Afghan refugees access
to basic services including primary and secondary education, a significant number of Afghan refugee
children continue to access education in schools inside Refugee Villages (RVs) run by refugee
communities, with support from United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). In order
to ensure that their access to basic education is sustained so that they acquire essential years of schooling
and are able to contribute positively, the GoKP will have to take over this responsibility both inside the
RVs and in host communities. In the backdrop of diminishing funding for refugees, refugee children’s
participation in education may decline, particularly if the GoKP doesn’t step in.

So far UNHCR has been directly providing health and education services through facilities located in
or nearby RVs. Due to decreasing funding by development partners (DPs) for refugees and host
communities in Pakistan and a desire to better integrate refugees into public service delivery, UNHCR
is now changing its strategy which involves support to community-based approaches and linking of
refugees to nearest public facilities. Also, with migration of refugees from RVs to other areas, refugees
are largely dependent on access to social services provided by the government.




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      Stakeholder Consultations

           Overview

One of the key steps in the process of ESMF preparation was stakeholder consultations which were held
in all the four project districts. The objectives of these consultations were to;

      ◼      Share information about the Project and get stakeholders’ input in project design, planning and
             implementation;

      â—¼      Obtain views and opinions of stakeholders about the likely social and environmental impacts
             of the Project;

      â—¼      Ascertain the most acceptable solutions and mitigation measures for issues which could arise
             during implementation of the Project activities;

      â—¼      Ensure transparency and build trust among stakeholders to gain cooperation and partnership
             from the communities, local leadership, and NGOs.

           Consultation Process and Outcome

      •      A transparent and effective process was adopted to ensure that the objectives of the stakeholder
             consultations are met. Key stakeholders consulted for the preparation of this ESMF included
             the following; Primary Stakeholders: Communities residing in the proposed project areas;

Health

Separate consultation sessions were held with communities about health and education. Health related
consultations were held with the help of a consultation questionnaire attached as Annexure 4a. At the
end of each consultation session, participants were also given the option to provide their additional
feedback though email or letters. A total of 8 community consultation sessions focusing on the topic of
health were held as detailed in Table 5.1 below.

          Table 5.1: List of Communities Consulted for Health (Afghan Refugees and Host Communities)

  #                                                                     Date of               Number of
          Village                  District           Tehsil
                                                                        consultations         Participants
1.        Pirpiai                  Nowshera           Pirpiai           13th Jan 2020         8
2.        Mohalla sadi khale       Swabi              Topi              14th Jan 2020         10
3.        Khazana, Charsadda road Peshawar            Peshawar          15th Jan 2020         7
4.        Behra                    Haripur            Panyan            17th Jan 2020         10
5.        Pirpiai                  Nowshera           Pirpiai              th
                                                                        13 Jan 2020           8
6.        Behra                    Haripur            Haripur           14th Jan 2020         12
7.        Khazana payan            Peshawar           Khazana payan        th
                                                                        15 Jan 2020           9
8.        Topi                     Swabi              Topi              17th Jan 2020         7



A summary of major issues, opinions, and views shared by communities in health-related consultations
is presented in Table 5.2 below.




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 Table 5.2: Summary of Consultations with Primary Stakeholders on Health (Afghan Refugees and Host
                                           Communities)

Issues                      Summary of responses

Section1: Environmental and Social safeguards

                            All the respondents expressed that the project would improve the existing health
                            services which do not cater to their needs and results in poor trust of communities
Improvement in the          towards the state. Improvement of health care facilities will lead to more local
utilization of health       doctors, improved facilities in hospitals and BHUs which will lead to better health
services                    conditions in their respective districts. They all believe that the improvement in
                            health care especially with a focus on women and maternal care would have a
                            positive impact in women and children’s health.
                            In terms of impacts during construction activities, the communities think that the
                            project activities may result in causing noise and dust pollution however these will
                            be temporary and this is a small cost to pay for the greater good of the community.
                            They also hold an opinion that the heavy machinery should not be operated during
                            the night to avoid dust, water should be regularly sprinkled on construction sites.
Environmental Impacts
                            The main concerns during the construction phase were generation and improper
                            dumping of construction waste such as sand and gravel which are usually dumped
                            on the road close to the construction site which creates problems for people. There
                            are no sites of archeological or cultural importance which may be impacted due to
                            project’s activities.
                            The concerns about social impacts caused by the project’s activities, will not result
Social Impacts              in any damage to livelihoods, crops or businesses and instead the project may result
                            in creating temporary or permanent employment for local men and women.
                            For health care, the upgradation should care for trained hospital staff, more doctors,
Suggestions regarding       heating and cooling facilities, improved equipment, more beds, improvement in
project interventions       available medicines, cleaning and waste management and improved drinking water
                            facilities in hospitals.
Section 2 : Gender Based Violence/harassment and other social issues
                            All of the respondents reported that there has never been any harassment in past
Risk of GBV/harassment
                            during construction nor is it expected during the project.
                           Almost all the respondents mentioned that there will be no restriction on mobility of
Mobility of hospital staff hospital staff and patients as many constructions have taken place in the past with no
and patients               restriction on the mobility will be encountered. One respondent, however, said that
                           the construction may limit the mobility of hospital staff and patients.
                            91% of the respondents were of the view that the constrction activties will not casue
                            any disturbance to patients and staff, however, 9% said that the noise generated
Disturbance
                            during construction and movement of construction workers could cause some
                            disturbance.
                            Majority of the respondents mentioned that deployment of secutiry guards, suitable
Risk Mitigating             scheduling of construction actvities will be needed so that these do not interfere with
Measures                    delivery of health services and ensuring protection of medical equipment, machinery
                            and medicine.
                            Afghan Refugees were interviewed both in mixed group disucssions and seperatley
Conflict Resolution         in camps. All the refugees mentioned little to no issues with repect to accessing
(Afghan and Host            health facilities. The host communities and the hospital/helath facilities’
communities)                administration have reported that any conflicts among the host community and/or
                            host and refugees are resolved locally through traditional Jirga system.




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        Education

        Education related consultations were also held with the help of a consultation questionnaire attached as
        Annexure 4a. At the end of each consultation session, participants were given the option to provide
        their additional feedback though email or letters. A total of 8 community consultation sessions focusing
        on the topic of education were held as detailed in Table 5.3 below.

            Table 5.3: List of Communities Consulted for Education (Afghan Refugees and Host Communities)

    #                                                                       Date of             Number of
        Village                     District            Tehsil
                                                                            consultations       Participants
1       Pirpiai                     Nowshera            Pirpiai             13th Jan 2020       8
2.      Mohalla sadi khale          Swabi               Topi                14th Jan 2020       10
3.      Khazana, Charsadda road Peshawar                Peshawar               th
                                                                            15 Jan 2020         7
4.      Behra                       Haripur             Panyan              17th Jan 2020       10
5.      Pirpiai                     Nowshera            Pirpiai                th
                                                                            13 Jan 2020         8
6.      Behra                       Haripur             Haripur             14th Jan 2020       12
7.      Khazana payan               Peshawar            Khazana payan          th
                                                                            15 Jan 2020         9
8.      Topi                        Swabi               Topi                17th Jan 2020       7


        A summary of major issues, opinions, and views shared by communities in education related
        consultations is presented in Table 5.4 below.

        Table 5.4: Summary of Consultations with Primary Stakeholders on Education (Afghan Refugees and Host
                                                    Communities)

        Issues                      Summary of responses
        Section 1 : Environment & Social Safeguard
                                    All the respondents expressed that the project would help improve the utilization of
        Improvement in the          quality education services. The provision of basic necessities like drinking water,
        utilization of Education    WASH facilities, electricity and boundary walls will improve enrolment and reduce
        services                    dropout. Proper infrastructure of schools with required number of classrooms will
                                    facilitate students as well as teachers.
                                    Majority of the respondents mentioned that there will be no environmental and social
                                    impacts during construction and rehabilitation of facilities since the community
                                    members are supportive enough and the schools have sufficient vacant land available
                                    for expansion.
        Environmental and           Majority of the respondents proposed that the construction activities in schools
        Social Impacts              should be done during the summer vacations. Where the construction work will be
                                    longer, the school management should take the responsibility of putting restriction
                                    on children to the construction sites. Labour and construction workers should also
                                    not be allowed to mingle with children.
                                    Key suggestions made by the community members included upgradation of
                                    education facilities including provision of more class rooms, labs, libraries,
        Suggestions regarding
                                    washrooms, furniture and play ground, presence of teaching stafff, and provision of
        project interventions
                                    electricity. According to the community members, there is a lot of land available for
                                    construction. Schools should have proper boundary walls.
        Section 2 : Gender Based Violence/harassment and other social issues




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Issues                      Summary of responses
                       All the respondents thought that there is no risk of gender-based voilence or
Risk of GBV/harassment harassment during construction but measures need to be taken to avoid any incidence
                       of GBV.
                            63.6% of the respondents thought that there will be disturbance and restriction on
                            mobility of students and teachers during school hours. However, 36.4% said that
Mobility of students and
                            since schools have enough space available for construction, restrcition to mobility of
teachers
                            students and teachers can be minimized through appropriate scheduling and
                            management of construction activties.
                            36.4% of the respondents mentioned that there will be no disturbance caused to
                            teachers and students during construction because of availability of excess land.
Disturbance                 Whereas, 63.6% highlighted that labours and noise produced due to construction will
                            cause disturbance. The latter group suggested that major construction activities
                            should be carried out after school hours.
                            Majority of the respondents suggested that the above identified issues and risks could
Risk Mitigating
                            be mitigated through approriate scheduling and management of construction
Measures
                            activities.
                            Afghan Refugees were interviewed both in mixed group disucssions and seperatley
Conflict Resolution         in camps. All the refugees mentioned little to no issues with repect to accessing
(Afghan and Host            school facilities for their children. The host communities and the school
communities)                administration have reported that any conflicts among the host community and/or
                            host and refugees are resolved locally through traditional Jirga system.




         Consultations with Secondary Stakeholders

Secondary stakeholders were invited for consultation sessions in Peshawar on 21 and 22 January
2020.Checklist was used for the consultation attached as Annex 4b. A list of institutions that attended
these sessions is given in the minutes of the meeting attached as Annexure 5. A summary of major
issues, opinions, and views shared by secondary stakeholders in health and education related
consultations is presented in Table 5.5 below.




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                    Table 5.5: Summary of Consultations with Secondary Stakeholders
                                                                                                Adressed in
Sectors/Phase Issues Raised                                          Response Provided
                                                                                                ESMF

Education Session
                 Due to up gradation and rehabilitation activities,
                 during construction stage, there are water, noise
                 and security issues.
                 As the construction activities are carried out
                 within the school premises, it causes              Noted.
                 disturbance to the students and affect the
                 learning and teaching activities. Due to dust
                                                                                                Section 7 and
                 emissions, students fell sick and attendance
                                                                                                8
                 drops.
                                                                                                Environmental
Environment      People living in surrounding areas also register                               and social
                 complaint to stop the construction work as it       Noted.                     managment
                 causes disturbance.                                                            framework
                 Construction activities cause distraction to the
                                                                     Noted.
                 students and they don’t focus on studies.
                 It is preferred to carry out construction activities
                 in summer break when school is off and
                                                                      Noted.
                 students are on break so it will reduce the
                 impact on students
                 There is no sweeper in primary schools. In
                 schools, waste is collected daily and dumped in
                 community dumping site. In few areas, where
                 Water and Sanitation Services Peshawar
                                                                     Noted.                     Section 7
                 (WSSP) is available, they pick up the waste. In
                 few schools, security guard picks up. In rural                                 Environmental
Solid Waste
                 schools, children collect and pick up the waste                                and social
Management
                 and it is burned at the end.                                                   managment
                                                                                                framework
                 In schools there is no segregation of waste.
                 Paper and plastic waste is collected in one waste Noted.
                 bins.

                 In schools, major source of water is piping
                 system from dam, tankers, bore water, tap water Noted                          Section 7
                 and few students bring from their own home.                                    Environmental
Water
                 There are no filtration plants installed in any                                and social
Availability
                 school however, in few schools, where filtration                               managment
                                                                   Noted.                       framework
                 plant has been installed, it is not in functional
                 state.
                 WASH facilities are available in majority of
                                                                     Noted
                 schools                                                                        Section 7
                 In schools, there are few washrooms in which                                   Environmental
WASH             facilities like soap, dustbins are present                                     and social
                 however they are missing in majority of             Noted                      managment
                 schools. It depends on head of the school                                      framework
                 whether they keep soap in washrooms or not.




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                                                                                                 Adressed in
Sectors/Phase Issues Raised                                          Response Provided
                                                                                                 ESMF
              For enrolment of Afghan refugee in the
              government education system, Afghan refugee
Refugee       council sends recommendation letter to school
                                                                     Noted.                      N/A
Population    for admission of Afghan Refugee. In few cases,
              NOC letter is required from ministry of
              education for admission of Afghan Refugee.
              There should be a separate Project Management
              Unit for Health sector and Education Sector. As
                                                                     Noted
              there is no existing PMU for education so there
              is a need to establish new PMU.
              It was proposed that for infrastructure related
              activities, Engineer should be proposed for
              quality assurance. For learning outcomes and
Institutional                                                                                    Section 9
              improving assessment, there should be an
Arranagemen                                                          Where possible existing     Institutional
              Education officer who is a technical person. As
ts                                                                   staff will be used for      Arrangements
              there is extensive reporting required, for
                                                                     project implementation
              monitoring there should be a provincial
              coordinator/ project coordinator. It is preferred
              that provincial coordinator is from planning
              service government department.
              There should be education focal person at district
                                                                     Noted.
              level in each Project district.
              In Education Department, at present, people
              register complaints on Pakistan Citizen Portal.
              Complaint is then forwarded to the relevant            Noted.
              department and concerned department resolve
              the complaint.
              For this project, new grievance redressal
              committee should be formed. Provincial
                                                                     GRM will be formed
              coordinator should be a part of this committee
                                                                     under this project.
              and district focal person (Education Officers)
              should resolve the complaints at district level.
                                                                     GRM will be formed in
                                                                                                 Section 11
Grievance        Students should be given awareness on how to        schools and students will
                                                                                                 GRM provides
Redressal        register complaint                                  be given awareness about
                                                                                                 three tiered
Mechanism                                                            the GRM.
                                                                                                 mechanism for
(GRM)            GRM already exists in schools in the form of
                                                                     Parent-teacher meeting is   project
                 Parents Teacher School Management
                                                                     one of the aspects of the
                 Committee PTSMC. Teachers are given
                                                                     project. PTMSCs will get
                 trainings on how to resolve conflicts among
                                                                     further training.
                 themselves, children and parents.
                 In order to lodge complaints, there is a section
                 officer complaint in education department for       Citizen Engagement and
                 registering and addressing complaints related to    GRM mechanisms will be
                 education sector and PMRU. Complaint is then        strengthened under the
                 forwarded to the relevant section and that          project.
                 concerned section officer resolves it. Mostly 7 –
                 10 days are given for complaint resolution.




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                                                                                                  Adressed in
Sectors/Phase Issues Raised                                            Response Provided
                                                                                                  ESMF
                 Satisfactory level of the complainant is recorded
                 after complaint is being resolved.

                 In recent years, there is an improvement in
                 enrolment rate and reduction in dropout rate as
                                                                       Noted                      N/A
                 accessibility and different facilities are being
                 provided in schools.
                 As an outcome of this project, it will improve
                 the learning environment for students and will
                                                                       Noted                      N/A
Cultural and     increase the enrolment rate and reduce the drop
Local Issues     out rate.
                                                                                                  Section 7

                                                                                                  Environmental
                 Tree plantation campaign is being done twice a
                                                                       Noted                      and Social
                 year and forest department provides free plants.
                                                                                                  Management
                                                                                                  Framework

Health Session
                 In health care facilities, for hospital waste
                                                                                                  Section 9
                 management, health and safety of workers
                                                                       Staff will be trained on   training and
                 should be considered/incorporated in the
                                                                       use of PPE’s               capacity
                 budget. For example, provision of proper
                                                                                                  building
                 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
                 The practical and localized waste disposal
                                                                       Noted.
                 practices should be proposed in ESMF
                 There is no cleanliness as there is no waste
                 management system present. Currently, there is
                 no waste management system present in any
                                                                       Noted.
                 health facility in Project districts. In Nowshera
                 district, hospital waste is disposed of in nearby
Hospital         river/stream.
Waste            Scavengers should be provided with proper
Management       PPEs to avoid transmission of hazardous               Noted
                 infections                                                                       Section 8
                 The residual of the incinerator should be                                        HCWMF
                 recycled rather than disposed of. Sharps and          Noted.
                 plastic should be recycled into useful products.
                 There is a need to introduce waste collection,
                 segregation (Colour coded bins), transportation
                 and disposal practices in each health facility. It    Noted.
                 will also separate hazardous and non-hazardous
                 waste.
                 There is need to outsource waste management
                 services, for provision and management of Noted
                 dumping site and installation of incinerator.




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                                                                                                    Adressed in
Sectors/Phase Issues Raised                                            Response Provided
                                                                                                    ESMF
                 There should be a budget allocated for waste
                                                                       Noted.
                 disposal practices.
                 In few health facilities, drinking water is
                                                                       Will be provided in the
                 available however, there is no provision of
                                                                       upgraded health facilities
                 drinking water in other remaining facilities
                                                                                                    Section 7
                                                                        The proposed project will   Environmental
Water            In Health facilities, Quality of drinking water is
                                                                       consider measures to         and social
Availability     not good. Water quality is being tested at
                                                                       ensure water quality at      managment
                 individual facility level by different companies
                                                                       schools.                     framework
                 There is no filtration plant installed in any
                                                                       Noted.
                 health facility.

                 There is no provision of WASH facilities for          Noted
                 disabled patients in Health Facilities                                             Section 7

                 In DHQs, wards are in poor condition as they                                       Environmental
WASH                                                                   Noted.
                 lack bedding facilities, no sanitation and no                                      and social
                 waste management. There is no personal                                             managment
                 hygiene of workers in Operation Theater (OT).                                      framework


                 There is no policy for treatment of Afghan
                 Refugees in government hospitals. There is no
                 registration required for Refugees. In BHUs and
                 RHCs, Afghan refugees visit government
                 hospitals and they are treated like host
                 communities. In DHQs, card is being issued to
                                                                   Noted.
                 Afghan Refugees for treatment of hepatitis.
                 Almost 2.5 years ago, a notification has been
                 issued to the Health care facilities situated
                 adjacent to the refugee camps to allow the
Refugee
                 afghan refugees to access and utilize those                                        N/A
Population
                 Health Facilities.
                 Health Management Information System
                 (HMIS) take national identity card from patients
                 and then they are treated. It is now known as
                 Hospital Management Information System. In
                 RHC, HMIS will be introduced in which afghan Noted.
                 refugees need to register and proper card will be
                 issued to Afghan Refugees to maintain a record
                 of the number of patients treated in Health
                 Facilities.
              There should be 2 PMUs and one DMU on
              provincial levels to implement Environmental
                                                                                                  Section 9
Institutional Plan. There should also be an Environmental              The team hierarchy is
                                                                                                  Institutional
Arrangement Specialist, and then a Safeguard Specialist and            noted and will be advised.
                                                                                                  arrangements
              finally District officers / District focal persons
              to implement environmental plan.




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                                                                                                Adressed in
Sectors/Phase Issues Raised                                         Response Provided
                                                                                                ESMF
                 There should be District Health Officer (DHO)
                 for each district in PMU and a health specialist   Noted
                 at provincial level for Health PMU
                 There should be a monitoring plan and budget
                 should be allocated for monitoring of health       Noted.
                 waste management system.
                 In Health Department, at present, people
                 register complaints on Pakistan Citizen Portal.
                 Complaint is then forwarded to the relevant        Noted
                 department and concerned department resolve
                 the complaint.
                 There is a need to establish Grievances Redress
                 Mechanism for health sector. Moreover, there
Grievance                                                           Noted                       Section 11
                 should be a way of litigation within the
Redress          department                                                                     GRM provides
Mechanism                                                                                       three tiered for
(GRM)                                                               Noted. The complaints       project
                                                                    system of the health
                 In health department, there is a complaint cell of department will be
                 every department on provincial level. There is     strengthened to not only
                 no proper complaint system. Complaints can be ensure that the project’s
                 lodged by writing a letter to DHO.                 needs are met but also to
                                                                    address long-term
                                                                    grievance redress needs.
                 Females get affected as there is no arrangement    Awareness would be
                 for parda (partition) for females and no           raised in the communities
                                                                                               Section 7
                 boundary wall. Security for females is a major     and necessary
                                                                                               Social Impact
                 issue. Parents also stop sending students to       arrangement or alternative
                 schools and as a result attendance drops.          should be made.

                 There is no waiting area for female patients in    Noted                       Section 7
                 health facilities and no privacy for females.                                  Social Impact
                 In hospitals, safety, warning, direction signs etc. Noted
                 should be posted in all local languages.

                 Training sessions should be conducted for Noted.
Cultural &       training of workers/ staff/doctors etc. There is a
Local Issues     need to organize sessions in schools and
                 hospitals to focus on behavioural change at
                 demand side for example on proper usage of
                 waste bins.
                 There are no ramps for disabled patients in        Noted
                 hospitals.
                                                                    Properly equiped
                 There are only 2 ambulances present that has a
                                                                    ambulances are included
                 ventilator in it.
                                                                    in the project.




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     Project Screening and Impact Assessment
This chapter analyzes the potential impacts that may be associated with the project activities and
delineates proposed mitigation measures. Before the analysis of impacts, it would be necessary to
understand screening criteria to be followed based on environmental and social safeguard policies and
regulations.

      Environment and Social Screening criteria

Screening of project activities (sub-projects) has to follow the World Bank policies and national/
provincial guidelines. The following screening criteria as given in Table 6.1, will be followed in the to
determine the safeguards instrument required for the sub project activities. Since the KPHCIP Project
is including activities having localized environmental impacts of reversible nature, the Project is
categorized as B requiring ESMPs to be prepared for the subproject activities.

                                 Table 6.1: Subcomponent Screening Criteria

 Category    Description                                Requirement              Applicability
             Proposed project with significant          Full ESIA and NOC        Not Applicable. However, for the
             adverse social and/or environmental        from respective          Private firms outsourced for Hospital
             impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or    Environment              Waste Management needs to conduct
 A
             unprecedented. These impacts may           Protection               EIA and get NOCs from respective
             affect an area broader than the sites or   Department required.     Environment Protection Department
             facilities subject to physical works.                               for the incineration facilities.
             Proposed project is classified as          IEE/ESMPs to be          Applicabe. ESMPs would be
             Category B, if it’s potential adverse      preapred                 prepared for the sub project activties.
             social impacts on human populations or
             environmentally important areas—
 B
             including wetlands, forests, grasslands,
             and other natural habitats—are less
             adverse, reversible and localized in
             nature and can easily be mitigated.
                                                        Beyond screening, no     Not Applicable
             Proposed project is classified as
                                                        further ESIA action is
             Category C if it is likely to have
 C                                                      required for a
             minimal or no adverse social and/or
                                                        Category C
             environmental impacts.
                                                        subproject.




The Environmental and Social Safeguard Screening for sub-projects has been carried out based on
available information from PAD and PC1 according to Table 6.1 and Section 6.3 requirement for
safeguards instruments to be prepared. Major upgradation and construction work proposed in the project
that will have a significant environmental and social impact includes the rehabilitation of BHUs to
RHCs, upgradation of primary schools, and construction of laboratories in high schools. According to
KPEPA regulation 2000 (Table 6.2), development activities in schools and hospitals fall under
Schedule I and will require IEE.

Thus, based on the above, the identified project components including health facilities provided in
Table 6.1 are required to prepare and submit IEE with Environmental and Social Management Plans to
KP EPA for obtaining NOC. Since the health care waste management component of the Project will be
outsourced to a private company, the responsibility of preparing adequate safeguards instruments /



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approvals and obtaining required NOCs from Government Departments is the responsibility of the
licensed private company. The Project safeguards team along with bank advise will provide the
necessary guidance for the requirement and preparation of safeguard documents to ensure that health
care waste management is being done as per HWM Rules, 2005. Table 6.2 provides the list of Project
components with the requirement of safeguards instruments to be prepared.

                                  Table 6.2: Project Components Screening

                       Nature of                Safeguard                      Documents Prepared
 Project
                       Environmental and        Instrument/Document
 Components
                       Social Impacts           Requirements
 Rehabilitation        May have negligible      ESS checklist will be          ESMF KPHCIP serves
 /Refurbishment of     or low scale             prepared for each sub-         the purpose of WB
 DHQs, BHUs,           environmental and        component and made part of     requirements
 RHCs and CD’s at      social impacts           the design document.
 their existing                                 Guideline to fill in the ESS
 facility                                       checklist and Mitigation
                                                measures are provided in
                                                Annex 6.
 Upgradation of        May have some            IEE is required according to   IEE needs to be prepared
 BHUs to RHC at        negative but             KP EPA and ESMF is             by the Health department
 existing location     temporary and            prepared according to WB       after consultation with
                       localized                guidelines, along with this    KPEPA.
                       environmental and/or     document.
                       social impacts due to
                       hospital waste.
                                                                               Outsourcing company
                                                                               has to prepare EIA and
 Outsourcing/          Waste disposal and       EIA is required to be          any other necessary
 contracting out       storage of hazardous     conducted by the outsourced    safeguards instruments to
 health care waste     waste is expected to     Health Care Waste              take NOC from KPEPA
 management            have irreversible        Management Company             before implementing the
 system                negative social and      according to KP-EPA to         system.
                       environmental            obtain NOC
                       impacts.

 Rehabilitation        May have negligible      ESS checklist will be          ESMF KPHCIP serves
 /Refurbishment of     or low scale             prepared for each sub-         the purpose of WB
 schools               environmental and/or     component and made part of     requirements
                       social impacts           the design document.
                                                Guideline to fill in the ESS
                                                checklist and Mitigation
                                                measures are provided in
                                                Section 7 and 8.
 Upgadation of         May have some negative but temporary and localized      IEE will be needed when
 primary to middle     environmental and or social impacts due to generation   additional rooms are to
 and middle to high    of laboratory waste from science laboratory.            be constructed. ESS
 schools at existing                                                           checklist will be
 location                                                                      prepared for each sub-
                                                                               component and made part
                                                                               of the design document.
                                                                               Guideline to fill in the
                                                                               ESS checklist and




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                      Nature of               Safeguard                     Documents Prepared
 Project
                      Environmental and       Instrument/Document
 Components
                      Social Impacts          Requirements
                                                                            Mitigation measures are
                                                                            provided in Section 7 and
                                                                            8.



        Land Acquisition and Resettlement Screening

The upgradation is likely to be carried out on government owned land. In the rare cases, where
additional small parcel of land is needed, all efforts will be taken to ensure that land required for the
project is donated by the beneficiary individual/community through Voluntary Land Donation.
However, if land acquisition is necessary, efforts will be made to develop mitigation measures in
accordance with RPF presented in Chapter 8of the report. In addition, following measures will be
ensured (though involuntary land acquisition is very unlikely in case of KPHCIP):

    1. Acquired land is at a reasonable distance from Protected Areas, identified sensitive habitats and
       natural habitats of animals;
    2. Location is at a safe distance from designated Forests;
    3. Activity will not result in any resettlement or displacement (economic and physical) of the local
       communities.
    4. Activity will not adversely impact vulnerable groups such as women, children and disabled
       etc.;
    5. Activity will not result in child labor, forced labor or gender based violence (GBV);
    6. Location is away from Protected Sites of Archaeological and cultural significance.


        Detailed Description of Environmental Impacts (Health and Education facilities)
The project involves small scale construction including addition of rooms in the existing facilities that
will have low impacts on the environment if mitigation plan is followed. Due to COVID-19 Pandemic,
there is potential risk of spread of infection during rehabilitation activities, that needs to be mitigated
as per guidance provided in this ESMF and as per national SOPs prepared by GoKP. The
Environmental, Health and Safety impacts related to COVID-19 are given under section 6.3.4 and
Social and Gender impacts and mitigation measure are given under section 6.3.5.

         Impacts on Physical Environment

Impacts on Soil/landscape

Site Selection and Design Stage

    â–ª    Improper selection of site for construction of new class rooms/health facilities may cause to de-
         stabilization of land leading to soil erosion especially in areas with steep slope and colluvium
         soils.

    â–ª    Site requiring heavy earth moving (Cutting/filling), may results in destabilization of land and
         adjacent structures.




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    â–ª   The site may not be selected at an area which is prone to floods and/or heavy run-off during
        rainy seasons as it will result in erosion of foundation soil thus damaging the structure.

Construction Stage

    â–ª   Excavation for foundations of new rooms/structures and removal of trees, particularly in hilly
        terrains like district Hangu and Haripur may cause destabilization of the soil mass resulting in
        land sliding and soil erosion due to high velocity winds and run-off.

    â–ª   Disposal of contaminated construction wastes such as left over concrete, paint, leftover oil and
        other such contaminated wastes may lead to soil contamination.

    â–ª   Non-filling and levelling of borrow pits excavated for construction purpose may lead to
        destabilization of land slope and soil degradation/erosion

Operation Stage

    ▪   Open Discharge of Toilets’ wastewater to the adjacent lands can contaminate the soil, result in
        soil erosion and degrade the quality of land.

    â–ª   Parking, maintenance and washing of Transport Vehicles on non-paved land may lead to
        contamination of soils and degradation of quality of land.

 Mitigation of Impacts on Land and Soil
Site Selection and Design Stage
    â?– Proper site is selected to minimize disturbance to the soil and land.
    â?– If it is unavoidable to select a site which requires earthmoving, economical design technique
      may be used for construction as to avoid excessive earth excavation and filling.
    â?– If it is unavoidable to select site which is flood prone than proper soil erosion control structures
      may also be constructed so as to safeguard the newly constructed structure.

    Construction Stage
    â?– Removal of vegetation and trees will be avoided to the extent possible. In case of unavoidable
      circumstances, the exposed soil will be re-vegetated quickly and compensatory plantation, (five
      trees for each one removed), will be carried out after construction is over.
    â?– Diggings, if required for foundation, will be carried out only in specified area, as per the
      engineering drawings and excavated earth material will be used for filling and compaction.
    â?– Borrow pits will be restored and levelled back to control soil degradation
    â?– Left over construction materials, excavated soil and waste material produced as a result of
      construction/ rehabilitation works, will be properly disposed-off in designated areas to avoid
      soil contamination.
Operation Stage

    â?– In case of existing system, it will be ensured that toilets and associated systems are maintained
      in proper working conditions. In case of new constructions, the toilet facilities will be connected
      to the local sewerage system. Alternately, an appropriately sized septic tank and soaking pit
      will be constructed for sewage disposal.



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    â?– The parking of transport vehicles will be done on proper paved space so as to avoid soil
      contamination due to oil leakage etc., and transport vehicles will always be taken to service
      station for maintenance and washing.


Impacts on Surface Water Resources
Site Selection and Design Stage
    â—¼   The construction site may divert waste water into a stream or river located close to school.
    ◼   Site for parking of contractor’s machinery/transport vehicles can be close to surface water
        source and may result in contamination from the parking site to the water source.
    â—¼   Excessive use of surface water may lead to depletion of water source.
Construction Stage
    â—¼   Excessive use of water may lead to generate large quantity of wastewater.
    â—¼   Disposal of Waste material, contaminated water and excavated soil near or in the water resource
        may result in pollution of water resource.
Operation Stage
    â—¼   Open discharge of the waste water from schools/health facilities into a surface water resource
        (stream, river, canal, spring, etc. without treatment, during operation phase can deteriorate
        water quality of resource.
    â—¼   Dumping of school and hospital waste near water body and/or resource may result in pollution
        of the water resource in long run.

Mitigation for Impacts on Surface Water Resources
Site Selection and Design Stage
    â?– Water from construction site should be diverted to proper sewer system of school/health
      facilities to avoid contamination of surface water sources.
    â?– In case parking place for vehicles is near surface water resource; than the parking lot may be
      provided with proper sewerage system to avoid contamination of surface water source.
Construction Stage

    â?– Minimum quantity of water shall be used to meet the essential construction and rehabilitation
      requirements. The contractor should ensure to avoid unnecessary use of water for washing of
      equipment and vehicles during construction.
    â?– The contractor will dispose the construction wastewater from the work site through a soaking
      pit of appropriate capacity, which be levelled back after completion of construction work.
Operation Stage

    â?– Regular maintenance of the septic tank and sewer line will be carried out for safe disposal of
      toilet wastewater during operation.
    â?– The local community will be sensitized through health and hygiene sessions to protect the water
      resources from contamination.


Impacts on groundwater resources


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Site selection, construction and operations
    â—¼   Site selection does not pose any direct threats to the groundwater contamination.
    â—¼   The construction stage activities do not pose any direct threat to ground water contamination
        however during construction, there will be an increase in water consumption.
    â—¼   The operation stage activities do not pose any direct threat to ground water contamination
        however during operation, groundwater consumption will be increased due increased capacity
        of schools/hospitals

Mitigation for Impacts on ground water resources
    â?– The contractor and labour will keep the water usage at minimum during construction activities.
    â?– Periodic testing of drinking water supply source should carried out for timely detection of
      contamination (if any).


Impacts on Drinking Water Quality and Availability

Design & Operations
    â—¼   School design without safe drinking water facility may lead to compromise health and safety
        of children.
    â—¼   Non-functioning of sewage treatment facility in school may lead to contamination of drinking
        water supplies and results in health hazard problems.
    â—¼   Contamination of drinking water source can lead to health hazards for school children.

Mitigation for Impacts on Water Quality
    â?– School and health facilities upgradation and rehab will ensure inclusion of a safe drinking water
      facility. Design and cost estimates may be prepared and kept in pipe line for financing from
      government and/or potential donors (if not applicable through project’s own financing)
    â?– For drinking water facilities (hand pump), the surrounding base of hand pump or tube-well will
      be sealed off from the exterior by grouting with cement mortar to control percolation and
      seepage.
    â?– Periodic (six-monthly) testing of drinking water supply source at the schools/health facilities
      will be carried out for timely detection of contamination.
    â?– Cleanliness of schools and hospitals and regular checking of drinking water quality will be
      ensured by the management.
    â?– Working of the sewer line and septic tanks to ensure timely repair to avoid contamination of
      drinking water source.
    â?– Awareness raising will be carried out on health and hygiene aspects.



Impacts on Air Quality
Site Selection and Design Stage
    â—¼   Site selection and design do not have any significant impact on air quality.




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    ◼   The parking of Transport vehicle/contractor’s machinery should be away from the
        school/health facilities so as to avoid air pollution due to emissions from vehicle.
Construction Stage
    â—¼   The construction activities, movement of vehicles, land excavations, structure demolitions, and
        onsite stacking of materials may lead to dust emissions and prolonged suspension of fine
        particulates (PM10) in the ambient environment.
    â—¼   Exhaust from vehicles and machinery during construction may deteriorate the local air quality.
Operation Stage
    â—¼   Dust emissions from movement of vehicles especially transport vehicle in the surrounding of
        school/health facilities can also create minor adverse impact on air quality in surroundings.

Mitigation for impacts on air quality
Construction Stage
    â?– Stockpiled materials will be covered to control dust emissions.
    � It will be included in contractor’s code of conduct to reduce speed of vehicles to avoid blowing
      of dust.
    â?– Demolition and excavation (if needed) will be carried in batches to minimize dust emissions.
    â?– Proper lubrication of vehicles and machinery will be ensured to reduce emissions.
    â?– Water sprinkling will be carried out to reduce dust emissions where necessary and feasible.
    â?– Air quality testing will be done before construction to set the baseline for all implementation
      measures. Quarterly air quality testing will be done to ensure the air quality levels remain in
      the permitted limit of National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQs).


Operation Stage

    â?– The exposed soil in surrounding of school will be re-vegetated and landscaped with community
      participation to control dust blowing.
    â?– Community will be mobilized to observe low speed limits in the vicinity of schools and health
      facilities.
    â?– The transport vehicles shall be switched off when parked near or inside school/health facilities
      to avoid pollution of surround environment due to vehicular emissions.


Impacts on Solid Waste
Site Selection and Design Stage
    â—¼   Site selection and design do not have any significant impact on solid waste generation
Construction Stage
    â—¼   During construction phases of different sub components, general construction wastes will be
        generated including among others cement bags, used wrapping materials, wood, glass etc. If
        improperly disposed, general wastes could result in pollution of water bodies, soil and impact
        on flora and fauna.




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    â—¼   No hazardous waste is anticipated, except for asbestos waste (strictly banned) however it may
        be present in some pipes or building material. The products containing asbestos can release
        small fibers that are airborne and can result in long term damage to health of people around the
        structures.
Operation Stage
    â—¼   Solid waste generated by health care facilities and schools will be increased due to increased
        capacities and increased influx of patients/students. Without proper system of waste
        segregation and disposal, this may result in issues of health and safety of school children,
        hospital staff and patients.

Mitigation for Impacts of Solid Waste Generation
Construction Stage

    â?– While the waste quantities are expected to be limited the contractor will ensure that all waste is
      stored, handled and disposed of securely to ensure no leakage into the environment. The
      contractor will properly dispose the construction waste from the work site and will ensure
      cleaning of debris, cement waste from site after completion of construction work.
    â?– Waste collection and disposal pathways and sites will be identified for all major waste types
      expected from demolition and construction activities
    � No hazardous waste is anticipated. Where there are “chance finds� of suspected asbestos
      containing material, contractor must ensure that asbestos containing material is appropriately
      contained and sealed to minimize exposure. The asbestos prior to removal (if removal is
      necessary) will be treated with a wetting agent to minimize asbestos dust. Asbestos will be
      handled and disposed by skilled & experienced professionals.

Operation Stage

    â?– Proper waste segregation, storage and disposal will be done at the facility level (health and
      education facilities)
    â?– For health care waste management, a separate HCWMP has been developed which guides on
      the handling of infectious waste.
    â?– The local community will be sensitized through health and hygiene sessions for proper waste
      disposal and avoiding solid waste dumps around schools or hospitals


        Impacts on Biological Environment

Impact on natural vegetation
Site Selection and Design Stage
    â—¼   Improper site selection could lead to removal of natural vegetation and cutting of trees for
        construction of class rooms/hospital rooms.
Construction Stage
    â—¼   Improper excavation of foundation during construction may lead to removal of natural
        vegetative cover and trees cutting.



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Operation Stage
    â—¼   The operation of schools or hospitals does not pose any direct threats to the trees and vegetation.

Mitigation for Impacts on natural vegetation

Site Selection and Design Stage
    â?– In case it is unavoidable to construct class rooms by removing vegetation and/or cutting of tree/
      plants, replantation will be done (5 trees for every 1 tree cut)
Construction Stage
    â?– Cutting of trees will be avoided during construction. In case of unavoidable choice,
      compensatory tree plantation, (five saplings for each tree felled) will be carried out to reduce
      the impacts.

Impact on wildlife
    â—¼   The project activities will not be carried out in the designated wildlife sanctuaries, game
        reserves areas, and hence no significant threats to wildlife are expected to occur during site
        selection, construction and operation stages of the project.

        Socio-economic Impacts

Noise and Vibration
Site Selection and Design Stage
    â—¼   Siting and designing stage will have no negative impact
Construction Stage
    â—¼   During construction, the use of machinery and steel fabrication activities, particularly during
        school hours and at night times, can produce unpleasant noise.
    â—¼   Moving construction vehicles and use of pressure horns around the schools and hospitals could
        be a source of noise and vibrations.
Operation Stage
    â—¼   Movement of transport vehicle will cause noise and vibration in the school and hospital vicinity.

Mitigation for noise and vibrations impacts
Construction Stage
    � The contractor will avoid use of noise generating machinery, equipment’s during school/main
      hospital hours and sleeping time at night so that community disturbance is minimal.
    â?– Compliance with NEQS and World Bank noise guidelines will be ensured.
    � The contractor will maintain and tune up all the vehicles and equipment’s during construction
      work.
    â?– The community will be sensitized to observe silence zone in the school and hospital premises.




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    â?– Proper signboard will be installed indicating ban on use of pressure horns by moving vehicles
      around the school and hospitals.
Operation Stage
    â?– Timely maintenance of transport vehicles will be e ensured to curb any possibility of noise
      during vehicle operation.
    â?– Use of pressure horns will be strictly prohibited.


Health and safety impacts
Siting / Designing Stage
    â—¼   Improper design with poor ventilation and sunlight can lead to behavioral change and health
        impacts and create difficulties in learning.
    â—¼   Lack of adequate provisions for medical waste infrastructure during the upgradation planning
        could result in generation of infectious waste

    â—¼   Environmental Health and Safety risks associated with establishing quarantine facilities outside
        hospital facilities

    â—¼   Improper room design with poor ventilation can lead to difficulties for patients.
    â—¼   Improper designs particularly in flood prone and earthquake sensitive areas - without adopting
        relevant building codes can lead to increased vulnerability to disasters.
    â—¼   Sharp edges during designing phase can cause injury to school children or patients.
    â—¼   Unavailability of emergency exit in the design of class room/health ward can lead to an
        adversity.
    â—¼   Improper design without sanitation facilities can lead to health and hygiene problems
Construction Stage
    â—¼   Open dumping and stockpiling of construction materials, scattered demolition wastes, and
        placement of debris / materials on nearby open spaces and streets can result in blocking of route
        and inconvenience for passers-by, and residents.
    â—¼   Haphazardly placed materials and debris presents higher risks of personal injury and
        inconvenience to school children and the hospital staff.
    â—¼   Construction activities pose safety risks to children, teachers, patients, hospital staff
        construction workers, and nearby communities.
    â—¼   Ignorance about site specific hazards may pose a potential threat to the health and safety of
        workers.
    â—¼   The construction work and equipment may lead to safety hazards for workers and nearby
        communities.
    â—¼   The operation of construction machinery and equipment such as excavators, lifters and dumpers
        by untrained personals may leads to compromise the health and safety of workers at sites.
    â—¼   Welding and cutting operation during construction poses a serious health and safety risk for
        workers.




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    â—¼   Employment of workers without medical insurance, resulting in the workers not receiving the
        care needed if infected with COVID-19.
    â—¼   Workers that are mobilized from abroad or returning from abroad become vectors for
        transmission of disease to construction projects. Workers that travel from other regions may
        also provide a vector for passing infection onto work sites.
    â—¼   Close working conditions of workforce may create conditions for the easy transmission of
        COVID-19 and the infection of large numbers of people.
    â—¼   Generation and improper disposal of solid waste resulting in public nuances and formation of
        spaces for breeding of disease vectors.
    â—¼

Operation Stage
    â—¼   Choking of sewer line and contamination of drinking water source may negatively impact the
        health of school children, teachers, hospital staff and patients.
    â—¼   Non-availability of safe drinking water in school and hospitals can lead to health hygiene
        problems in school children.
    â—¼   Non-availability of soap in toilets may lead to health and hygiene problems.
    â—¼   Exposed electrical wiring and cables in the school and hospital building may pose health and
        safety risks for school children, teachers, hospital staff and patients.
    â—¼   The operationalization phase of the project is envisaged to result in better health care
        service delivery and increase of the capability of existing system to deal with COVID-19
        pandemic.
    â—¼   Exposure to infections including nosocomial infection to staff, other patients and visitors.
    â—¼   Lack of training of staff and lack of clarity on how to handle more complicated cases
        (pregnant women, people with pre-existing health conditions, etc.) could lead to increased
        risk of spread of infection.
    ◼   Unhindered and unmonitored visitors’ traffic could result in spread of infection.



Mitigation for health and safety impacts

Siting and Designing Stage

    â?– Appropriate building codes will be followed to designs class rooms to provide ventilation and
      natural lighting in the class rooms.
    â?– The class room and hospital design will cater to the needs of people/children with disabilities
      (such as ramps and hand rails will be provided where needed).
    â?– Sharp edges in the hospital/school rooms will be cared for to ensure safety of children/patients.
    â?– Provision of emergency exits at an appropriate height and place can help safe evacuation of
      school staff, children, hospital staff and patients during emergency.
    â?– The electric lines should be properly shielded /insulated against electromagnetic radiation / by
      installing radiation shields, or insulating through rubber casings. Additionally, proper
      grounding of the rooms should also be done to curb any possibility of electric shock due to
      short circuiting.



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Construction Stage

    â?– The contractor will ensure safe and covered stockpiling of the construction materials in separate
      place or corner in the premises of school/hospitals.
    â?– The contractor will provide personal protective equipment such as gloves and boots to the
      labourers to avoid worksite hazards and accidents. Protective fencing will be used around the
      construction sites, excavated areas, and voids.
    â?– Use of appropriate PPEs shall be ensured by the contractor for its workers during construction
      works, electrical works and during other rehabilitation activities (use of paints/varnishes) etc.
    â?– The use of any hazardous chemical/material/lead based paints/asbestos is strictly prohibited
      during construction/rehabilitation works.
    â?– Protective fencing will be used around the construction sites, excavated areas, and voids.
    â?– Health and safety training shall be provided to all staff working on the site.
    â?– Properly trained staff shall be deployed to operate machinery and equipment at worksite.
    â?– Fire extinguishing equipment shall be within 6m (20ft) of all locations where welding and
      cutting equipment is used.
    â?– Provision of first aid kit will be necessary for the safety of labour.
    â?– Construction site near schools/educational facilities will be clearly marked and cordoned off to
      avoid any health and safety risks particularly for children’s safety in schools and also to ensure
      avoidance of any direct contact of the contractor’s workers with the children and staff
    â?– During construction activities, teachers will be made responsible to keep children away from
      construction sites during break time, during and after school hours. The school’s support staff
      will also be on guard for children’s protection during construction activities.
    � Emergency prevention, preparedness and response arrangements – including details of
      emergency evacuation of labor following a life-threatening accident to the nearest hospitals
    â?– Provision of security
    â?– The contractor shall prepare a Health and Safety Plan as part of CESMP which is relevant to
      his chosen methodology.
    â?– Identification of potential hazards to workers, particularly those that may be life threatening
    â?– Provision of preventative and protective measures, including modification, substitution, or
      elimination of hazardous conditions or substances
    â?– Training of workers on OHS
    â?– Documentation and reporting of occupational accidents, diseases and incidents.




Operation Stage




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    â?– Awareness about personal hygiene will be raised among the students and surrounding
      community through health and hygiene sessions.
    â?– The PTSMCs will ensure cleanliness of schools and regular checking of drinking water
      availability and quality, and working of the sewer line and septic tanks to ensure timely repair.
    â?– Availability of soap outside the toilets will be ensured.
    â?– All exposed wiring and cables shall be covered with plastic and labelled as DANGEROUS to
      avoid contacts.
    â?– Proper functioning of sewage treatment facilities such as septic tank will be ensured for all
      educational and health facilities.
    â?– Train all staff and volunteers in the symptoms of COVID-19, how it is spread and how
        to protect themselves. Train on correct use and disposal of personal protective
        equipment (PPE), including gloves, gowns, facemasks, eye protection and respirators
        (if available) and check that they understand.
    â?– Train cleaning staff on most effective process for cleaning the facility: use a high-alcohol based
      cleaner to wipe down all surfaces; wash instruments with soap and water and then wipe down
      with high-alcohol based cleaner; dispose of rubbish by burning etc


Gender Issues/ Exclusion of women/ minorities/ refugees
Operation stage
   • Women, minorities and refugees may be excluded from project benefits and services due to
       lack of information
   • Women and minorities and refugees may not be able to access the GRM due to lack of
       information and lack of access to the mechanism (due to societal norms and barriers).

Mitigation for Exclusion of Women/Minorities/Refugees


    � Project’s social mobilization and outreach campaigns will target women, minorities and
      refugees in particular.
    â?– Special efforts will also be made to ensure that women are consulted during project
      implementation so that their concerns are addressed.
    â?– Initial consultations should be conducted to identify any salient issues or concerns impacting
      women, minorities and refugees. Meetings/consultations will be held to identify their roles in
      the community and their attitudes towards the project’s activities. Women, refugees and
      minorities will be asked about their safety and security concerns, privacy issues due to project’s
      activities and their willingness in relation to influx of construction workers.
    â?– Gender separate consultations will be conducted in order to properly ascertain view of women,
      minorities and refugees.
    � Use of local language will be ensured for women’s access to information and services and their
      ability to participate actively in consultations
    â?– At community level, women will be encouraged to become members of Parent Teacher School
      Management Committees (PTSMCs) to be involved in school activities. Additionally, refugees
      and minorities will be encouraged to engage in the formation of local community groups.
    â?– The project will ensure that strategies, plans (e.g. management plans, gender action plans) are
      in place that include gender considerations in the project design and implementation.



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    â?– Special efforts will be made to ensure that women, minorities and refugees are informed about
      GRM and other services related to the project.
    â?– The project will ensure functioning complaint redress mechanisms are in place so that women
      can report discrimination or harassment. The anonymity of reports will be protected so women
      can come forward without fear of reprisals. The existence of these mechanisms will be
      publicized through display of relevant contact information about GRM in project areas.
    � Project’s social mobilization and outreach campaigns will ensure that refugee populations are
      accessed and provided the relevant information about project and its GRM system.
    â?– The refugees will be facilitated and encouraged to make use of the services being provided
      under the project.


Gender Based Violence
One of the social risks associated with the project’s activities due to institutional and societal factors
include Gender Based Violence (GBV). There is also a risk of lack of access to requisite services and
support for survivors of GBV and Sexual Abuse and Exploitation (SEA). However, the risk of GBV
due to project’s construction related activities is moderate as large scale influx and deployment of labor
is not expected. Requisite mitigation measures and mechanisms to address GBV/SEA risks will be
incorporated in the sub-project environmental and social mitigation plans, and contractors will be made
responsible for implementation of these measures. Relevant health and education facility staff will also
be trained to address GBV issues. The GBV issues related to COVID-19 out break are given under
section 6.3.5.

Construction Stage

    â—¼   Civil/construction works under any project can aggravate GBV risk in a number of ways such
        as through influx of workers around public schools and health facilities. There may also be a
        moderate risk of incidents of harassment and abuse between laborers, women and especially
        minors.

    â—¼   Male workers working in rural settings may also trigger insecurities among community men
        who may see the workers interacting or harassing community women which can lead to conflict
        between workers and community men, and abusive behavior within the households of those
        living around the project site.

    â—¼   Similarly, school going children will be most vulnerable to sexual abuse due to labour intensive
        activities around schools. They also may not have the ability express their experience of the
        abuse.

Operation Phase

    â—¼   There is also a risk of lack of access to requisite services and support for survivors of GBV and
        sexual abuse and exploitation.

    â—¼   Risk of victims being unable to express or seek help from the authorities.

    â—¼   Risk of victims being mentally depressed which can lead to long term health impacts especially
        for young girls and boys.

Mitigation measures to Impacts of GBV

Construction Phase




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    â?– A GBV Action Plan will be developed and implemented by PMU-Edu and PMU-health
    â?– Development of Workers Code of Conduct (CoC). This Code of Conduct will be made part
      of the Contractor’s TORs and agreement. Ensure all workers sign (CoC) Training/Sensitization
      of the contractor’s staff will be ensured by the contractor.
    â?– For both school and health facilities, workers will be confined to the site-areas. A boundary
      around the site will be drawn and workers will not be permitted to go beyond during operational
      hours.
    â?– Teachers training and sensitization will be ensured for awareness raising regarding protection
      of children and women during construction activities.
    � Staff training of Hospitals – training of nurses, doctors and support staff on GBV related risks
      to implementation.
    â?– Community awareness sessions prior and during the construction phase. Separate male and
      female community awareness raising activities that include awareness on GBV related risks to
      their children and women and the ways in which the community members can safely report
      concerns.
    â?– Anti-harassment awareness and warnings will be ensured through boards and signage.


Operation Phase
    â?– Develop mechanism for integrating GBV prevention and child protective interventions in
      schools’ management policies.
    â?– Develop mechanism for integrating GBV prevention interventions in Health Facility
      management policies.
    â?– Sensitization of School and Hospital staff on risks to children and women associated with GBV.
    â?–
    â?– Provide accessible information to schools and health care facilities on services available, the
      organizations involved for survivors of gender-based violence.
    â?– Develop linkages of the Health facilities with Women Development Department (and their
      crisis centres) for adequate support to the victims.
    â?– Gender training to service providers on gender-based violence including the health and social
      workers (community midwives).




        Risk of Spread of Infection during Rehabilitation/Construction Works

    •   Employment of workers without medical insurance, resulting in the workers not receiving the
        care needed if infected with COVID-19.
    •   Workers that are mobilized from abroad or returning from abroad become vectors for
        transmission of disease to construction projects. Workers that travel from other regions may
        also provide a vector for passing infection onto work sites.
    •   Close working conditions of workforce may create conditions for the easy transmission of
        COVID-19 and the infection of large numbers of people.
    •   Generation and improper disposal of solid waste resulting in public nuances and formation of
        spaces for breeding of disease vectors.
    •   Improper disposal of wastewater from subproject sites could result




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Mitigation Measures

The following mitigation measures are proposed:

    •   Assessing Workforce Characteristics
           o Consideration should be given to requiring workers lodging in the local community to
               move to site accommodation (subject to availability) where they would be subject to
               the same restrictions.
           o Workers from local communities, who return home daily, weekly or monthly, will be
               more difficult to manage. They should be subject to health checks at entry to the site
               and at some point, circumstances may make it necessary to require them to either use
               accommodation on site or not to come to work.

    •   Entry/Exit to the Work Site and Checks on Commencement of Work

             o   Entry/exit to the work site should be controlled and documented for both workers and
                 other parties, including support staff and suppliers. Possible measures may include:
             o   Establish a system for controlling entry/exit to the site, securing the boundaries of the
                 site, and establishing designating entry/exit points (if they do not already exist).
                 Entry/exit to the site should be documented.
             o   Training security staff on the (enhanced) system that has been put in place for securing
                 the site and controlling entry and exit, the behaviours required of them in enforcing
                 such system and any COVID -19 specific considerations.
             o   Training staff who will be monitoring entry to the site, providing them with the
                 resources they need to document entry of workers, conducting temperature checks and
                 recording details of any worker that is denied entry.
             o   Confirming that workers are fit for work before they enter the site or start work. While
                 procedures should already be in place for this, special attention should be paid to
                 workers with underlying health issues or who may be otherwise at risk. Consideration
                 should be given to demobilization of staff with underlying health issues.
             o   Checking and recording temperatures of workers and other people entering the site or
                 requiring self-reporting prior to or on entering the site.
             o   Providing daily briefings to workers prior to commencing work, focusing on COVID-
                 19 specific considerations including cough etiquette, hand hygiene and distancing
                 measures, using demonstrations and participatory methods.
             o   During the daily briefings, reminding workers to self-monitor for possible symptoms
                 (fever, cough) and to report to their supervisor or the COVID-19 focal point if they
                 have symptoms or are feeling unwell.

    •   Infection Prevention Measures
            o Contractors should ensure that contracted workers have medical insurance, covering
                treatment of COVID-19.
            o Transient workers should adhere to national requirements and guidelines with respect
                to COVID-19.
            o Regular visit of healthcare professionals and cleaners should be arranged while
                rehabilitation works are ongoing (wearing the appropriate PPE and observing hygiene




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                 requirements and make appropriate arrangements for supplying food and water to the
                 kitchens for the workers in isolation87).
             o   Project management must identify the closest hospital that has testing facilities in place,
                 refer workers, and pay for the test if it is not free.
             o   Train all staff in the signs and symptoms of COVID-19, how it is spread, how to protect
                 themselves and the need to be tested if they have symptoms. Allow Q&A and dispel
                 any myths.
             o   Supply face masks and other relevant PPE to all project workers at the entrance to the
                 project site. Any persons with signs of respiratory illness that is not accompanied by
                 fever should be mandated to wear a face mask
             o   Provide handwash facilities, hand soap, alcohol-based hand sanitizer and mandate their
                 use on entry and exit of the project site and during breaks, via the use of simple signs
                 with images in local languages
             o   Train all workers in respiratory hygiene, cough etiquette and hand hygiene using
                 demonstrations and participatory methods
             o   Train cleaning staff in effective cleaning procedures and disposal of rubbish

The Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety Checklist with impacts and mitigation
measures is attached as Annexure-13.

        Gender and Social Impacts with respect to COVID-19

In terms of gender-based violence, an immediate impact of COVID-19 has been the suspension of
emergency and protective services for women and girls, and a DE prioritization of efforts towards
combating violence against women and girls which are highly likely to surge during the crisis.
Lockdown policies are not only creating the conditions in which domestic and sexual violence is more
likely to occur, it has concurrently reduced women and girls’ ability to report and access support
services.

In terms of reproductive health and family planning (RHFP), as resources are pulled towards emergency
health response to combat COVID-19, women and girls of reproductive age are at an increased risk of
unwanted pregnancies, unsafe deliveries and abortions; reduced ante-natal and post-natal visits and
facility-based deliveries by expecting mothers due to closure of facilities and grounding of community
health workers; reduced routine immunization due to interruption in the supply of vaccines; and
infection transmission between healthcare providers and patients seeking reproductive care.

Access to health services for people with disabilities, with pre-existing medical conditions, and those
living in remote areas or the peripheries is further truncated and difficult to address through quick fixes
under exceptional circumstances in the midst of a pandemic. Amongst indigenous or remotely located
populations, many would not be able to access basic health and relief distribution points due to distances
to health facilities, lack of infrastructure, and cultural/ racial and gender-based discrimination.

In terms of the health workforce and other non-medical staff involved in COVID-19 response, there are
numerous reports of doctors, nurses, ward staff, sanitary workers and other medical staff getting
infected, resulting in death in some instances. A large number of lives lost amongst the medical
professions can significantly upset the already low doctor per patient ratio over many years to come.
There are reported cases of PPE shortages, medical staff being overworked, abused and harassed, lack
of information and clear instructions amongst doctors accompanied by fear of contamination, leading
to refusal to provide care, and concerns over SOPs to cater to people with disabilities, pregnant women,

87Further information is provided by WHO in Home care for patients with suspected novel coronavirus
(COVID-19). Html Address: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/home-care-for-patients-with-suspected-
novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-presenting-with-mild-symptoms-and-management-of-contacts



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transgender, children and the elderly, and those with pre-existing conditions at health facilities, isolation
units and quarantine centres.

In terms of education, nationwide school closure is likely to create a serious education gap as classes
have been dismissed and exams cancelled for the year. There is a chance that as lockdown continues,
some girls may not be able to return to school as incremental housework is assigned, leading to
significant school drop-out. There is also additional burden on parents to make up for lost classes and
deliver/ pick up homework from school that are not equipped to run an online system of instruction.

On the socio-economic front, the highest ratio of layoff based on employment status is estimated to
comprise daily-wage workers, followed by paid worker by piece rate or work performed, paid non-
family apprentices, and street vendors, who comprise the bulk of jobs in the country’s economy.

Primary data collected through interviews with experts also suggests that the informal sector
(specifically casual, daily-rate and piece-rate workers and small businesses that rely on nominal
working capital and loans, will be worst hit due to economic downturn due to lack of social protection
for semi and unskilled labourers in the informal sector, and contractual workers in the formal sector.

Amongst women, the livelihoods of landless farmers, piece-rate workers, home-based workers and
other daily-wage workers in the services sector (domestic help, beauty salon workers, etc.) are likely to
be more severely impacted as they comprise 77.7% of rural informal or non-agriculture workers, and
61.5% of informal manufacturing workers across Pakistan. Amongst women agriculture workers and
landless farmers, women belonging to religious minorities (Dalits) are likely to be worse off than others.
With increased burden of housework, women’s labour force participation can be expected to shrink in
the short to medium terms.

The urban poor, slum dwellers, squatter-settlers and periphery populations who also survive on daily-
wages are also expected to be severely affected economically due to the cumulative effect of large-scale
economic disruption in the informal sector in urban settings, and inability to maintain social distancing
and virus prevention/transmission measures due to overall weak systems of sanitation. Preventing virus
transmission may be more difficult due to overcrowding, dilapidated and inequitably distributed public
resources and services, particularly related to water, health, sanitation and hygiene. Relevant to the
health sector, assessment of the distribution of healthcare needs (people with heart problems and
diabetes flagged as major sources of ailment of these areas) may be required to identify those at higher
risk of infection.88


Mitigation Measures:
   • Minimizing disruption in routine health services, particularly, reproductive health and family
       planning services:
   • Disaggregate outbreak-related (surveillance and response) data by sex, age, pregnancy,
       disability and other vulnerability status.
   • Integrate messaging on health, GBV/ VAW/G, RHFP, mental health & psychosocial support
       and emergency services as part of COVID- 19 health-based response. For emergency and
       protection services, advertise avenues for seeking support remotely, and related complaint
       mechanisms.


88
     April 14, 2020 | Why the Covid-19 crisis is an urban crisis | Karachi Urban Lab | Dawn.com. According to the report (and based
     on different sources of data), there are 1,414 katchi abadis out of which 575 are in Karachi and 408 in Hyderabad in Sindh,
     about 902 katchi abadis in urban Punjab; 65 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa; 55 in Balochistan; and 52 in Islamabad. As these
     figures are dated, the KUL estimates that there are 2,488 informal settlements across Pakistan's major urban centres,
     excluding goths (approximately 900, as per Orangi Pilot Project reports and the Karachi Strategic Development Plan 2020),
     at Karachi's periphery. A 2016 study by IBA, King’s College, London and IDRC suggests that water and sanitation are a
     major source of urban conflict across informal settlements in urban cities across Pakistan.




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    •   Strengthen community-based data and reporting mechanisms (e.g., information related to
        maternal deaths due to lock down, contact tracing, and incidents of violence against vulnerable
        groups, including minorities).
    •   Rehabilitate health facilities to improve infection prevention systems to mitigate risks
        associated with the current systems of reproductive healthcare.
    •   Subject to the provision of mandatory PPEs and security measures, deploy Lady Health
        Workers (LHWs) where they may be willing and able to move around in near-by communities.
    •   Introduce and implement SOPs related to handling of cases of pregnant women, transgenders,
        people with pre-existing medical conditions (including HIV/AIDS), people with disabilities,
        unaccompanied women, children, and the elderly in general, and individuals without CNICs at
        health facilities, quarantine centres and isolation units.
    •   Reducing impact on healthcare providers and others involved in waste management:
    •   Ensuring provision of PPEs and related instructions and guidelines for both public and private
        sector hospitals and all medical and non-medical staff connected with the full range of health
        and allied services, including doctors, nurses, medics and paramedics, ambulance drivers and
        other transporters, hospital ward and janitorial staff, sanitary workers and medical assistants/
        volunteers.
    •   Ensuring a steady supply of essentials to quarantine centres and isolation wards/ apartments
        including PPE, food, water, sanitary and menstrual hygiene products, medical equipment and
        medicines. The hygiene and sanitation need of the female health workforce will be included as
        per part of standard supply and procurement protocols.
    •   Scheduling medical staff duties according to a rotation system that mitigates their exposure and
        reduces fatigue. Enlist more medical volunteers with necessary safety and security provisions
        and training.
    •   Addressing fears of contamination amongst medical staff and community health workers
        though clear guidelines and remote briefing sessions. Ensuring that accurate information about
        COVID-19 is readily available in accessible format to frontline workers, patients infected with
        COVID-19 and potential affectees. Information should include evidence-based practice for
        preventing transmission and where & how to seek out healthcare support, as well as messages
        to promote physical and psychosocial wellbeing.
    •   Training medical staff and upgrade health facilities to make them more inclusive for persons
        with disabilities, ethnic, religious and gender minorities, the elderly, young people, women and
        children.
    •   Ensure that make-shift centres are gradually upgraded to meet the challenge of rising number
        of cases, with adequate measures to provide people-cantered care that avoids intrusion and
        violation of privacy and dignity.
    •   Gender and age- appropriate recreational and learning tools should be provided for women and
        children who may more inclined to stay in-doors due to a larger number of men at quarantine
        and isolation sites.
    •   Develop a system for identifying and providing integrated care services to women in home
        quarantine.
    •   Continue updating the SEP through the life of the project, to remain vigilant towards unintended
        impacts on marginalized communities and vulnerable groups and respond to emerging needs.
    •   Undertake mass awareness through television and radio and text messaging (without invasion
        of privacy and data) on the availability of helplines (public or private) and other forms of remote
        psychosocial support. Integrate behaviour change messaging in all efforts, particularly related
        to women’s unpaid labour and the care economy.



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Mitigating education gaps (in coordination with education sector)

             o   Invite partnerships and collaborations with educationists, parents and student groups
                 online to develop learning content and methods of delivery of learning materials to
                 teachers, children and parents.
             o   Continually monitor results of alternate modes of instruction to ensure continuity of
                 quality education, including via remote learning, TV/ radio broadcasts and other means.

Mitigating socio-economic impacts on vulnerable groups:

             o   Improve targeting measures for transgender, immigrants, migrant workers, internally
                 displaced people, people holding different domiciles, indigenous and tribal
                 populations, ethnic and religious minorities, people with disabilities, women-headed
                 households, widows, refugees and informal daily-wage workers.
             o   Develop, circulate, and consistently & rigorously apply SOPs for cash disbursements
                 and relief efforts. Ensure PPE for all involved, and issue clear instructions for all
                 relevant staff and volunteers. Address delivery problems that may be
                 counterproductive, including absence of social distancing measures, PPEs, and undue
                 burden on aid recipients (such as lack of drinking water, seating and bathroom
                 arrangements, etc.).
             o   Distribute relief packages and cash transfers to women directly, and prioritize the most
                 vulnerable in such efforts including but not limited to: women agricultural workers,
                 women migrants, domestic workers, home-based workers, union council workers,
                 pregnant women, indigenous women, landless women, single-mothers, older women,
                 health and sanitary workers and those with disabilities. Take into account the needs of
                 children in rationing, and menstrual hygiene needs of women and girls (undergarments/
                 extra clothing may be provided with menstrual products).
             o   Encourage women and minorities to play active roles as leaders in all relief
                 management initiatives and assessments.




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     Guidelines for the preparation of Environmental and
     Social Management Plan
This chapter presents the guidelines for the preparation of Environmental and Social Management Plan
(ESMP) for the proposed project. Implementation of environmental and social safeguards will follow
the following procedures closely linking with activity planning, design and implementation steps.

         Step 1: Preliminary Environmental Information (Physical, Biological and Socioeconomic
         baseline data collection) and Analysis

         Step 2: Preparing Environmental Assessment-using Rapid Environment Assessment Checklist

         Step 3: Preparation of Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) and inclusion of
         social and environmental mitigation costs in the Sub-project document/cost

         Step 4: Environmental Clearances

         Step 5: Inclusion of Environmental and social specifications and Environmental and Social
         Management

         Plan (ESMP) in bid documents

         Step 6: Inclusion of Environmental and social mitigation measures in BOQs and contractors’
         agreement

         Step 7: Compliance and Monitoring

Based on type of construction, all preliminary information analysis, Environmental Assessments, and
Environmental Management Plans must be completed prior to awarding of contracts for construction.

Since, exact extent and precise location of individual interventions (Health & Education) to be
implemented under the KPHCIP are not known at this stage, a framework approach has been adopted
for the present environmental and social assessment. Under this approach, all activities proposed for
the project shall undergo initial screening through a number of filters that include screening
environmental and social impacts. Sub-projects having some negative localized environmental and or
social impacts will require Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) and must be completed
prior to awarding of contracts for construction. Guidelines for Environmental and Social Management
Plans (ESMPs) for health care and educational facilities will be prepared separately by the departments
before the actual project implementation. A checklist has been provided to identify these potential
impacts, and guidance for communities and project teams to practically avoid or mitigate those impacts
(See Annexure 6).

The ESMP guidelines provide generic environmental and social impacts associated with the proposed
project. Potential impacts relate to water, land, and general disturbances (noise, air, waste). Mitigation
measures have been proposed applicable to all small and medium scale infrastructure and will require
adequate implementation of mitigation and monitoring measures.

While in general, the project’s interventions may individually have minimal adverse environmental and
social impacts and can be mitigated with less resources, however, several sub-projects (cluster
approach) in combination could have a larger and more significant cumulative impact. This is likely to
be true in the case of potential vegetation clearing, groundwater depletion, or surface water pollution.
This is particularly likely to be the case for: deforestation due to the exploitation of forest resources,
owing to the use of timber and poles for construction. KPHCIP will take necessary measures to ensure


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that deforestation and use of forest resources which are not sourced from certified sustainable forests is
avoided and minimized to the extent possible; groundwater depletion owing to the demand for water
for construction; and where surface water is available may also deplete for the same reason. The
avoidance and mitigation of cumulative impacts requires: (i) avoidance and mitigation of the impact of
individual projects; and (ii) careful planning based on sound technical knowledge, of the location, size,
and material requirements of infrastructural projects.

Potential adverse environmental and social impact for standard health care and education facilities (that
could be applicable to both large and small facility) both during construction and operation phase have
been screened that would require specific safeguards for which mitigation measures have been proposed
as discussed below.

        Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation for Health Care and Education
        Facilities during construction phase

Table 7.1 provides the potential environmental and social impacts and possible mitigation measures for
health care and education facilities. The institutional arrangements and implementation budget are
included in proceeding sections.

The environmental impacts during construction include following:

    â–ª    Air pollution

    â–ª    Water Resource depletion

    â–ª    Noise pollution

    â–ª    Solid waste generation and disposal

    â–ª    Resource consumption

    â–ª    Natural Hazards

    â–ª    Biodiversity/ Ecosystem safeguards

    â–ª    Farm land quality and soil erosion

    â–ª    Health and Safety Risk due to spread of COVID-19 infection

The social impacts during construction include following:

    â–ª    Land Acquisition and Resettlement

    â–ª    Workers Health and Safety

    â–ª    Community Health and Safety

    â–ª    Social Conflicts/ Gender sensitivity and needs for persons with disability (PWD)

    â–ª    Archaeological Cultural Heritage

The Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety Checklist with impacts and mitigation
measures is attached as Annexure-13.




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                 Table 7.1: Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures for Health and Education Facilities during Construction Phase

A: Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigations during Construction Phase

       Anticipated                                                                          Monitoring           Monitoring and         Responsible    Compliance                Indicative
                                     Mitigation Measure(s)
       Environmental                                                                        Frequency            Reporting Tool         Party /        criteria/Monitoring       Budget
                                                                                                                                        Official by    Indicators
       Impacts
                                                                                                                                        Designation
       Air Quality                                                                                                                                     World Bank
 1.                                  i) Construction materials (cement, gravel, lime            Weekly by        Visits, Photographs,                                            Nil
       deterioration due to dust                                                                                                                       Applicable Guidelines
                                     powder and excavated soil) shall be stored at          Contractor/Month
       emissions and                 storage yard or tightly covered. On-site mixing of                           Checking records,                    (Table 2.3)
                                                                                            ly inspection team
       excavation activities:        construction material at enclosed space shall be                              submit monthly
       Construction activities       ensured.                                                                     compliance report                    Management and EQS
       using motorized                                                                                                                                 for Ambient Air
       equipment including           ii) Construction sites to be water-sprayed on              Weekly by                                              Quality Annexure 2        Nil
       materials delivery,           regular basis three times a day, as most sites are     Contractor/Month
       excavation, concrete          expected to be close to residential areas or inside    ly inspection team                                         EQS Euro II standards
       works will generate air       the facility (hospitals, schools etc.).
                                                                                                                                                       for vehicular emissions
       emissions and dust.                                                                                                               Contractor/
       Vehicular traffic             iii) Latrine Construction sites including Soil piles       Weekly by                                                                        Nil
       emissions will bring about    in educational and primary health care facilities      Contractor/Month                             ESS Expert
       air pollution by increasing   should be fenced to avoid material escape,             ly inspection team
                                     generation of dust and access to children.
       the fossil fuel emissions
       into the atmosphere.
                                     iii) Discrete materials such as sand and soil, and         Weekly by                                                                        Nil
       However, the construction
                                     building material must be covered during loading,      Contractor/Month
       activities are mainly         transportation and unloading, and none of them         ly inspection team
       going to be through           shall be thrown or spread in the air.
       manual labour and use of
       hand-held equipment with      iii) Transportation vehicles shall avoid residential       Weekly by                                                                        Nil
       limited use of mechanized     areas and other environmentally sensitive areas.       Contractor/Month
                                                                                            ly inspection team




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       Anticipated                                                                           Monitoring           Monitoring and         Responsible    Compliance             Indicative
                                    Mitigation Measure(s)
       Environmental                                                                         Frequency            Reporting Tool         Party /        criteria/Monitoring    Budget
                                                                                                                                         Official by    Indicators
       Impacts
                                                                                                                                         Designation
       machines whenever
                                    iv) Designated routes for transportation vehicles            Weekly by                                                                     Nil
       necessary.
                                    shall be used.                                           Contractor/Month
                                                                                             ly inspection team

                                    v) The equipment and transportation vehicles shall           Weekly by                                                                     Nil
                                    be regularly maintained to avoid gas emissions           Contractor/Month
                                                                                             ly inspection team

                                    vi) Use of non-mechanized (motorized) equipment              Weekly by                                                                     Nil
                                    as much as possible shall be encouraged.                 Contractor/Month
                                                                                             ly inspection team
       Water Resource
 2.                                 i) Site/District specific water conservation plans           Weekly by        Visits, Photographs,                                         Nil
       depletion
                                    will be needed to regulate water use.                    Contractor/Month
                                                                                                                   Checking records,
       Surface and Ground Water                                                              ly inspection team
                                                                                                                    submit monthly
       Quality deterioration due
                                                                                                                   compliance report
       to runoff from schools and   ii) Effluents from the construction sites shall not be       Weekly by                                                                     Nil
       primary      health   care   released to drinking water sources, cultivation          Contractor/Month
       facilities toilets during    fields, irrigation channels, and critical habitats.      ly inspection team
       operation                    Appropriate effluent treatment arrangements such
                                    as settling tanks will be made at the site for
                                                                                                                                          Contractor/
                                    collecting construction wastewater and settled, and                                                                 National/ Provincial
                                    then be used for site sprinkling and other purposes                                                   ESS Expert    EQS for Effluent
                                    to reduce fugitive dust;

                                    iii) The domestic wastewater free of sediments and           Weekly by                                                                     Nil
                                    affluent shall be discharged into the existing           Contractor/Month
                                    wastewater pipelines or septic tanks.                    ly inspection team

                                     iv) The wastes are not released into any drinking           Weekly by                                                                     Nil
                                    water source, cultivation fields, irrigation channels    Contractor/Month
                                    or critical habitat.                                     ly inspection team



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       Anticipated                                                                      Monitoring            Monitoring and         Responsible    Compliance             Indicative
                                    Mitigation Measure(s)
       Environmental                                                                    Frequency             Reporting Tool         Party /        criteria/Monitoring    Budget
                                                                                                                                     Official by    Indicators
       Impacts
                                                                                                                                     Designation
       Possible Noise emissions
 3.                                 i) Principal criterion for selection during the         Weekly by         Visits, Photographs,                  National/ Provincial   Nil
       from running of
                                    bidding process should include that “Construction   Contractor/Month                                            EQS for noise at
       construction machinery.                                                                                 Checking records,
                                    contractor shall use advanced equipment and         ly inspection team                                          residential and
                                                                                                                submit monthly
       Noise and vibration will     technologies of low noise�.                                                                                     commercial areas
                                                                                                               compliance report
       be    generated    during
                                                                                            Weekly by
       construction    especially   ii) The use of high noise generating equipment                                                                                         Nil
                                                                                        Contractor/Month
       when using motorized         such as a percussion piling machine or pneumatic
                                                                                        ly inspection team
       equipment. In order to       hammer shall be prohibited;
       create employment, the
       project will use manual      iii) Good maintenance and proper operation of           Weekly by                                                                      Nil
       forms of labour and          construction machinery to minimize noise            Contractor/Month
                                                                                                                                      Contractor/
       equipment hence the          generation shall be ensured. Undertake regular      ly inspection team
       impacts associated with      maintenance of generator.                                                                         ESS Expert
       noise and vibration is
       expected to be low in        iv) The construction contractor shall make              Weekly by                                                                      Nil
       nature.                      reasonable arrangements to ensure that the          Contractor/Month
                                    machinery is not used during peak hospital and      ly inspection team
                                    school hours and near residential areas. Avoid
                                    night-time construction using heavy machinery,
                                    from 22:00 to 6:00 near residential areas.

                                    v) Where possible, ensure non-mechanized                Weekly by                                                                      Nil
                                    construction to reduce the use of machinery.        Contractor/Month
                                                                                        ly inspection team
       Solid Waste generation                                                                                                                       Hazardous Substance
 4.                                 i) Site specific waste management plan for          Before starting the   Plan to be developed   PMU health                            Nil
       During       construction    construction wastes shall be developed. (Health          project             by the relevant                    Rules 2003
       phases of the different      waste management to be separately developed).                                 departments
       general      construction
       wastes will be generated                                                                                Health care waste
       including among others                                                                                 management plan to
                                                                                                                be developed



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       Anticipated                                                                              Monitoring           Monitoring and         Responsible    Compliance            Indicative
                                      Mitigation Measure(s)
       Environmental                                                                            Frequency            Reporting Tool         Party /        criteria/Monitoring   Budget
                                                                                                                                            Official by    Indicators
       Impacts
                                                                                                                                            Designation
       cement      bags,      used                                                                                   separately by Health
       wrapping materials, wood,                                                                                         department
       glass etc. and health care
                                                                                                    Weekly by
       wastes. If improperly          ii) Temporary refuse bins at construction sites                                Visits, Photographs,                                        Nil
                                                                                                Contractor/Month
       disposed, general wastes       should be provided.
                                                                                                ly inspection team    Checking records,
       could result in pollution of
                                                                                                                       submit monthly
       water bodies, vector borne
                                                                                                                      compliance report
       diseases, soil and impact
       on flora and Fauna. The
                                      iii) It shall be ensured that the waste is not burnt in       Weekly by        Visits, Photographs,                                        Nil
       impacts are likely to be
                                      open or dumped into forests, streams or natural           Contractor/Month
       high on communities.                                                                                           Checking records,
                                      water bodies.                                             ly inspection team
                                                                                                                       submit monthly
                                                                                                                      compliance report

                                      iv) Construction workers shall be trained on                  Weekly by        Visits, Photographs,                                        Nil
                                      segregation, storage and disposal of domestic and         Contractor/Month
                                                                                                                      Checking records,      Contractor/
                                      hazardous waste;                                          ly inspection team
                                                                                                                       submit monthly
                                                                                                                      compliance report      ESS Expert

                                      iv) All solid waste from the construction site                Weekly by        Visits, Photographs,                                        Nil
                                      (including waste from health care facilities) shall       Contractor/Month
                                                                                                                      Checking records,
                                      be segregated and routinely transported to a              ly inspection team
                                                                                                                       submit monthly
                                      specified outside storage yard and transported to
                                                                                                                      compliance report
                                      designated disposal sites.

                                      v) Disposal of solid waste will be carried out in a           Weekly by        Visits, Photographs,                                        Nil
                                      manner that does not negatively affect the drinking       Contractor/Month
                                                                                                                      Checking records,
                                      water sources, cultivation fields, irrigation             ly inspection team
                                                                                                                       submit monthly
                                      channels, natural drainage paths, and the existing
                                                                                                                      compliance report
                                      waste management system in the area, local routes,
                                      and general aesthetic value of the area.



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       Anticipated                                                                          Monitoring           Monitoring and         Responsible    Compliance            Indicative
                                    Mitigation Measure(s)
       Environmental                                                                        Frequency            Reporting Tool         Party /        criteria/Monitoring   Budget
                                                                                                                                        Official by    Indicators
       Impacts
                                                                                                                                        Designation
                                    vi) Wastes should be routinely collected from the           Weekly by        Visits, Photographs,
                                    designated area and disposed at waste disposal          Contractor/Month
                                                                                                                  Checking records,
                                    facilities.                                             ly inspection team                                                               Nil
                                                                                                                   submit monthly
                                                                                                                  compliance report
       Resource Consumption
 5.                                 i) The workers shall be trained on water                    Weekly by        Visits, Photographs,                                        Nil
       Increase     in     Water    conservation and sustainable use of water and           Contractor/Month                             Contractor/
                                                                                                                  Checking records,
       /Electricity    /    Fuel    electricity;                                            ly inspection team                           ESS Expert
                                                                                                                   submit monthly
       Consumption.
                                                                                                                  compliance report

                                    ii) Visual inspections shall be carried out regularly       Weekly by        Visits, Photographs,                                        Nil
                                    for leaks and water usage by the contractor.            Contractor/Month                             Contractor/
                                                                                                                  Checking records,
                                                                                            ly inspection team                           ESS Expert
                                                                                                                   submit monthly
                                                                                                                  compliance report
                                                                                                                                         Contractor/
                                    iii) Solarization of schools and HFs (to be included        Weekly by            Monthly Site                                            Cost
                                    in PC-1).                                               Contractor/Month      inspection/Monthly     ESS Experts                         included in
                                                                                            ly inspection team      Environmental                                            PC1
                                                                                                                  Compliance Report

                                    iv) New construction shall follow the building              Weekly by          To be ensured at                                          Nil
                                    design that allows maximum use of daylight and          Contractor/Month        design vetting
                                    provision of Low Voltage electrical appliances          ly inspection team                           Contractor/
                                                                                                                 Visits, Photographs,
                                    will be made in procurement procedures.
                                                                                                                                         ESS Experts
                                                                                                                  Checking records,
                                                                                                                   submit monthly
                                                                                                                  compliance report




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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                                                                        Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa


       Anticipated                                                                         Monitoring           Monitoring and         Responsible    Compliance              Indicative
                                     Mitigation Measure(s)
       Environmental                                                                       Frequency            Reporting Tool         Party /        criteria/Monitoring     Budget
                                                                                                                                       Official by    Indicators
       Impacts
                                                                                                                                       Designation
       Natural Hazards               i) The contractor obligations should include to
 6.                                                                                            Weekly by          To be ensured at                    NDMA guidelines         Additional
                                     design schools and health facilities on a raised
       Frequency of reverine and     plate form where possible (within the budget          Contractor/Month        design vetting                                             cost to be
       flash floods has increased    limit) to reduce future losses from flash floods.     ly inspection team                                                                 included in
                                                                                                                Visits, Photographs,
       in       Peshawar      and                                                                                                                                             design
       Nowshera in recent years                                                                                  Checking records,                                            vetting by
       perhaps due to climate                                                                                     submit monthly                                              contractor
       change. Other target                                                                                      compliance report
       districts     may      also
       experience flashfloods in     ii) Flash water diversions from the facilities            Weekly by          To be ensured at
       future due to climate         through some structural measures will enhance         Contractor/Month        design vetting
       change. The districts also    suitability and may be included in budget if          ly inspection team
                                     possible.                                                                  Visits, Photographs,
       need to be safeguards from
       Earthquake.                                                                                               Checking records,
                                                                                                                  submit monthly
                                                                                                                 compliance report      Contractor/
                                                                                                                                        ESS Experts
                                     iii) Building Codes of Pakistan with Seismic              Weekly by          To be ensured at                    Building Codes of
                                     provision and international best practices shall be   Contractor/Month        design vetting                     Pakistan with Seismic
                                     made part of construction contractors agreement       ly inspection team                                         provision
                                     for designing buildings that are resistant to                              Visits, Photographs,
                                     earthquake.                                                                 Checking records,
                                                                                                                  submit monthly
                                                                                                                 compliance report

                                     Inclusion of emergency exits and alarm system in          Weekly by          To be ensured at
                                     building design shall be ensured.                     Contractor/Month        design vetting
                                                                                           ly inspection team
                                                                                                                Visits, Photographs,
                                                                                                                 Checking records,
                                                                                                                  submit monthly
                                                                                                                 compliance report



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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                                                                         Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa


       Anticipated                                                                          Monitoring           Monitoring and         Responsible    Compliance            Indicative
                                     Mitigation Measure(s)
       Environmental                                                                        Frequency            Reporting Tool         Party /        criteria/Monitoring   Budget
                                                                                                                                        Official by    Indicators
       Impacts
                                                                                                                                        Designation
 7.    Biodiversity/                 i) Ensure wood used for construction has not been          Weekly by        Visits, Photographs,                  KP forest act         Nil
       Ecosystem impacts             sourced illegally from protected areas and notified    Contractor/Month                             Contractor/
                                     forests.                                                                     Checking records,
       There are number of                                                                  ly inspection team                           ESS Experts
                                                                                                                   submit monthly
       biodiversity      sensitive                                                                                compliance report
       areas, endangered species
       and habitats in KP.           ii) Incorporate technical design measures to               Weekly by        Visits, Photographs,                                        Nil
                                     minimize unnecessary removal of trees and              Contractor/Month                             Contractor/
                                     vegetative cover.                                                            Checking records,
                                                                                            ly inspection team                           ESS Experts
                                                                                                                   submit monthly
                                                                                                                  compliance report

                                     iii) Compensatory planting of eight trees shall be         Weekly by        Visits, Photographs,                                        Nil
                                     practices against each fallen tree of similar floral   Contractor/Month                             Contractor/
                                     function; Use of invasive/ exotic species shall be                           Checking records,
                                                                                            ly inspection team                           ESS Experts
                                     disallowed and native species will be                                         submit monthly
                                     recommended for plantation.                                                  compliance report

 8.    Land loss and soil            i) Heavy construction vehicles shall be avoided.           Weekly by        Visits, Photographs,                  Consult soil          Nil
       erosion                                                                              Contractor/Month                                           conservation
                                                                                                                  Checking records,
       Construction activities                                                              ly inspection team                                         department for
                                                                                                                   submit monthly
       using motorized                                                                                                                                 guidelines and
                                                                                                                  compliance report
       equipment, including                                                                                                                            conservation
       materials delivery,                                                                                                               Contractor/   procedures
                                     ii) Special safe routes shall be designated for            Weekly by        Visits, Photographs,                                        Nil
       excavation, concrete
                                     transportation to minimize crop land damages and       Contractor/Month                             ESS Experts
       works are likely to lead to   soil erosion.                                                                Checking records,
                                                                                            ly inspection team
       soil erosion.                                                                                               submit monthly
       Crop land and vegetation                                                                                   compliance report
       may be damaged during                                                                    Weekly by
                                     iii) Soil surface work under heavy rain and strong                          Visits, Photographs,                                        Nil
                                                                                            Contractor/Month
                                     winds conditions shall be avoided.
                                                                                            ly inspection team




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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                                                                                 Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa


       Anticipated                                                                              Monitoring              Monitoring and          Responsible     Compliance                  Indicative
                                      Mitigation Measure(s)
       Environmental                                                                            Frequency               Reporting Tool          Party /         criteria/Monitoring         Budget
                                                                                                                                                Official by     Indicators
       Impacts
                                                                                                                                                Designation
       transportation          and                                                                                       Checking records,
       excavation.                                                                                                        submit monthly
                                                                                                                         compliance report

                                      iv) Proper drainage outlets shall be installed                Weekly by           Visits, Photographs,                                                Nil
                                      connected to main sewer system or local drainage          Contractor/Month
                                      (to avoid standing water inside and outside the                                    Checking records,
                                                                                                ly inspection team
                                      facility).                                                                          submit monthly
                                                                                                                         compliance report

                                      iv) Establishment of vegetative cover on erodible             Weekly by           Visits, Photographs,                                                Nil
                                      surface as early as possible during construction.         Contractor/Month
                                                                                                                         Checking records,
                                                                                                ly inspection team
                                                                                                                          submit monthly
                                                                                                                         compliance report




B: Potential Social Impacts and Mitigations during Construction Phase

       Anticipated Social                                                                                                                                       Compliance            Cost and
                                      Mitigation Measure(s)                                           Monitoring           Monitoring and      Responsibility
                                                                                                                                                                criteria/indicator    Source of
       Impacts                                                                                        Frequency            Reporting Tools
                                                                                                                                                                s
                                                                                                                                                                                      Funds


 1.    Land Acquisition               i) As a first preference land owned by the existing             At time of land      Record of           PMU              Rehabilitation        Nil
       The project may require        school or health facility will be used.                         acquisition          minutes/ MOU                         policy framework
       extra   land     for     the
       upgradation of schools         ii) If existing land is not available, small parcels of land    At time of land      Record of           PMU                                     Cost to be
       and health care facilities     may be acquired through Voluntary Land Donation                 acquisition          minutes/ MOU/                                               estimated
                                      (VLD).                                                                               Financial audit




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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                                                                      Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa


       Anticipated Social                                                                                                                              Compliance           Cost and
                                    Mitigation Measure(s)                                      Monitoring        Monitoring and    Responsibility
                                                                                                                                                       criteria/indicator   Source of
       Impacts                                                                                 Frequency         Reporting Tools
                                                                                                                                                       s
                                                                                                                                                                            Funds


       Occupational Health &
 2.                                 i) Health kits, first aid kits and emergency medical       Weekly by         Visits,           Contractor                               Nil
       Safety
                                    supplies shall be made available at construction sites.    Contractor/Mont   Photographs,
       Use of heavy machinery                                                                                                      ESS        Expert
                                                                                               hly inspection
       and handling of chemicals                                                                                 Checking          Health
                                                                                               team
       by workers can result in                                                                                  records, submit
       health impacts and                                                                                        monthly
       accidents.                                                                                                compliance
                                                                                                                 report

                                    ii) First aid kits shall be kept at randomly moving        Weekly by         Visits,           As above                                 Rs.1,000 per
                                    vehicles\machinery.                                        Contractor/Mont   Photographs,                                               facility
                                                                                               hly inspection
                                                                                                                 Checking                              WB and IFC
                                                                                               team
                                                                                                                 records, submit                       Environment,
                                                                                                                 monthly                               Health and Safety
                                                                                                                 compliance                            (EHS) Guidelines
                                                                                                                 report                                i.e. environmental
                                                                                                                                                       Code of Practice
                                    iii) Location of the nearest medical facility to the       Monthly           Visits,           ESS    Experts      (ECoP)               Cost to be
                                    construction sites and accessibility shall be ensured.                       Photographs,      Health                                   estimated
                                                                                                                 Checking
                                                                                                                 records, submit
                                                                                                                 monthly
                                                                                                                 compliance
                                                                                                                 report
                                                                                                                                                                            PPE each set
                                    iv) Useful Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) will        Weekly by         Inspection,       Contractor
                                    be given to workers such as clothing, gloves, vests,       Contractor/Mont   visits, monthly                                            = Rs.6,000
                                    hard-hats, masks etc.                                                                          ESS        Expert
                                                                                               hly inspection    reports
                                                                                                                                   Health
                                                                                               team




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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                                                                          Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa


       Anticipated Social                                                                                                                                Compliance           Cost and
                                    Mitigation Measure(s)                                       Monitoring         Monitoring and      Responsibility
                                                                                                                                                         criteria/indicator   Source of
       Impacts                                                                                  Frequency          Reporting Tools
                                                                                                                                                         s
                                                                                                                                                                              Funds


                                    v) Provision of clean drinking water shall be ensured       Weekly by          Visits and          Contractor                             Cost to be
                                    for the construction crew.                                  Contractor/Mont    monthly report                                             included in
                                                                                                                                       ESS experts
                                                                                                hly inspection                                                                bid vetting
                                                                                                team                                                                          by
                                                                                                                                                                              contractor

                                    vi) Hygiene inspections will be carried out to avoid Weekly by                                     ESS      Expert                        Nil
                                    disease epidemic.                                    Contractor/Mont                               Health
                                                                                         hly inspection
                                                                                         team

                                    vii) The construction crew shall be trained on important                       Training material   Contractor                             Nil
                                    aspects of workplace/confined space safety.
                                                                                                Training event     Photographs         ESS Experts

                                    viii) Construction machinery operators and drivers          Training event     Training material   Contractor                             Nil
                                    shall be trained to avoid associated accidents with
                                    inappropriate use of machines and vehicles.                                    Photographs         ESS experts

                                    ix) Construction Contractor must prepare a site specific    Once and at time   Mocks events,       Contractor                             Nil
                                    Fire Safety Plan. In case of unlikely incidents (fire,      of mocks events    photographs
                                    vandalism) the workers will be evacuated and                                                       ESS experts
                                    emergency response and law enforcement agencies
                                    will be engaged./Mocks as part of preparedness

                                    x) Fire extinguisher shall be placed at construction        Inspect            Inspection of       Contractor                             Nil
                                    sites, whereas, fire safety and emergency response          equipment          equipment
                                    trainings will be conducted.                                                                       ESS experts

                                                                                                                   Inspect
                                    xi) Flammables and other toxic materials shall be                                                  Contractor                             Nil
                                    marked and stored at secured location.                                         Site
                                                                                                                                       ESS experts



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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                                                                   Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa


       Anticipated Social                                                                                                                        Compliance           Cost and
                                    Mitigation Measure(s)                                        Monitoring   Monitoring and    Responsibility
                                                                                                                                                 criteria/indicator   Source of
       Impacts                                                                                   Frequency    Reporting Tools
                                                                                                                                                 s
                                                                                                                                                                      Funds


                                                                                                              Monthly reports
                                                                                                 Weekly/
                                                                                                 Monthly
                                                                                                                                                                      Biannual
                                    xii) Provide training for workers for the use of PPE;         Biannual    Visits/           Contractor
                                                                                                                                                                      workshop
                                                                                                              photographs
                                                                                                                                ESS experts
                                                                                                                                                                      @Rs.15,000
                                                                                                                                                                      /ws
                                         •   Contractors should ensure that contracted
                                             workers have medical insurance, covering
                                             treatment of COVID-19.
                                         •   Transient workers should adhere to national
                                             requirements and guidelines with respect to
                                             COVID-19.
                                         •   Regular visit of healthcare professionals and
                                             cleaners should be arranged while
                                             rehabilitation works are ongoing (wearing
                                             the appropriate PPE and observing hygiene
                                             requirements and make appropriate
       Spread of Infection during            arrangements for supplying food and water
       Construction Works                    to the kitchens for the workers in isolation).
                                         •   Project management must identify the closest
                                             hospital that has testing facilities in place,
                                             refer workers, and pay for the test if it is not
                                             free.
                                         •   Train all staff in the signs and symptoms of
                                             COVID-19, how it is spread, how to protect
                                             themselves and the need to be tested if they
                                             have symptoms. Allow Q&A and dispel any
                                             myths.
                                         •   Supply face masks and other relevant PPE to
                                             all project workers at the entrance to the



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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                                                                           Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa


       Anticipated Social                                                                                                                                Compliance           Cost and
                                      Mitigation Measure(s)                                       Monitoring          Monitoring and    Responsibility
                                                                                                                                                         criteria/indicator   Source of
       Impacts                                                                                    Frequency           Reporting Tools
                                                                                                                                                         s
                                                                                                                                                                              Funds


                                               project site. Any persons with signs of
                                               respiratory illness that is not accompanied by
                                               fever should be mandated to wear a face
                                               mask
                                          •    Provide handwash facilities, hand soap,
                                               alcohol-based hand sanitizer and mandate
                                               their use on entry and exit of the project site
                                               and during breaks, via the use of simple
                                               signs with images in local languages
 3.    Public health and safety       i) Contractor shall ensure train drivers operating heavy                        Visits/ on site   Contractor                            Nil
       The project is not going to    vehicles on road for pedestrian safety. Set appropriate                         checking
                                      speed limits to avoid accidents.                            Weekly by                             ESS experts
       finance      large    scale
                                                                                                  contractor/
       infrastructure like dams
                                                                                                  Monthly by
       etc.     However,        the
                                                                                                  inspection expert
       construction activities and
       movement        of   heavy
                                      ii) If schools, hospital and communities are present        Weekly by           Visits/ on site   Contractor                            Nil
       vehicles may impact
                                      near construction sites, use of heavy vehicles on public    contractor/         checking
       public safety. Similarly,      roads will be avoided.                                                                            ESS experts      World        Bank
                                                                                                  Monthly by
       emissions and noise from                                                                                                                          general      OHS
                                                                                                  inspection expert
       the site may impact the                                                                                                                           Guidelines
       health      of     residing
                                      iii) Alternate routes for use by the public shall be        Weekly by           Visits/ on site   Contractor                            Nil
       communities
                                      marked in local language and placement of                   contractor/         checking
                                      construction and diversion signage, in local language,                                            ESS experts
                                                                                                  Monthly by
                                      particularly at sensitive/accident-prone spots, in          inspection expert
                                      accordance with a Public Safety Plan.

                                      iv) The local police and law enforce agencies shall be      twice a month       Visits/check      Police                                Nil
                                      engaged prior to the start of the project activities.                           record
                                                                                                                                        ESS experts




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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                                                                         Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa


       Anticipated Social                                                                                                                              Compliance           Cost and
                                    Mitigation Measure(s)                                        Monitoring         Monitoring and    Responsibility
                                                                                                                                                       criteria/indicator   Source of
       Impacts                                                                                   Frequency          Reporting Tools
                                                                                                                                                       s
                                                                                                                                                                            Funds


                                    v) For project staff and construction work, locals shall      Weekly by         Visits/ site      Contractor                            Nil
                                    be given preferences.                                        contractor/        inspection
                                                                                                                                      ESS experts
                                                                                                 Monthly by
                                                                                                 expert

                                    vi) Child work shall be prohibited and where the              Weekly by         Visits/ site      Contractor                            Nil
                                    cultural norms allow, women workers shall be included        contractor/        inspection
                                    in the crew.                                                                                      ESS experts
                                                                                                 Monthly by
                                                                                                 expert

                                    vii) The workers will be confined to a construction site.     Weekly by         Visits/ site      Contractor                            Nil
                                    Movement of construction workers will be restricted to       contractor/        inspection
                                    their sites.                                                                                      ESS experts
                                                                                                 Monthly by
                                                                                                 expert
       Impact on Community          i) Include procedures for documenting and reporting
 4.                                                                                                                 Check             Contractor                            Nil
       (Social Conflicts/ gender    accidents, diseases, and incidents.
                                                                                                                    procedures
       aspects/Person with          Observelocal sensitivities with regard to women.                                                  ESS experts
       Disability).                                                                                                 Visits
       Due to labour influx and
                                    ii) Notables and leaders of the communities shall be         Before start of    Check records     ESS experts                           Nil
       construction         work,
                                    engaged prior to start of project implementation             the construction
       conflicts may arise among                                                                                                                       Section         9
                                    through stakeholder engagement.                              activities
       the locals. Women may                                                                                                                           grievance redress
       face difficulty in free                                                                                                                         mechanism
                                    iii) Contractors shall carry-out awareness session with      Monthly            Check awareness   Contractor                            Nil
       movement. Child labour
                                    workers to strictly observe cultural sensitivity and                            sessions
       and forced labour may be                                                                                                       ESS Expert
                                    necessary measures shall be introduced to respect
       practices. Person with
       disability   may      have
                                    iv) The construction hours shall be decided in               Before start of    Check records     ESS Expert                            Nil
       difficult access to the
                                    consultation with local communities and staff of health      the construction
                                                                                                 activities



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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                                                                        Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa


       Anticipated Social                                                                                                                             Compliance           Cost and
                                    Mitigation Measure(s)                                        Monitoring        Monitoring and    Responsibility
                                                                                                                                                      criteria/indicator   Source of
       Impacts                                                                                   Frequency         Reporting Tools
                                                                                                                                                      s
                                                                                                                                                                           Funds


       health and       education   care and school facilities (preferably limited to after
       facility.                    school and hospitals are closed for public).

                                    v) In case of conflicts on land it will be resolved                            GRM record        ESS Expert                            Nil
                                    through GRM.
                                                                                                 When arises
                                                                                                                   Inspect
                                    vi) Restoration or relocation of affected community                                              ESS Expert                            Nil
                                                                                                                   Community
                                    infrastructure shall be ensured.
                                                                                                 Monthly           areas
                                                                                                 Before start of
                                    vii) Construction area shall be marked with signs in                           Visits            ESS Expert                            Nil
                                                                                                 construction
                                    local language (signboard will be placed such as
                                                                                                 activities        Photographs
                                    School area, Speed limit, drive slowly).

                                    viii) It will be ensured through contractual binding with    Weekly by         Inspect during    Contractor                            Nil
                                    the construction contractor that child and forced labour     contractor        construction
                                    will not be hired for the proposed construction sites.                                           ESS Expert
                                                                                                                   activities
                                                                                                 Monthly by ESS
                                                                                                 Expert

                                    ix) Labor will be trained not to interfere with the local    Weekly by         Inspect during    Contractor                            Nil
                                    community                                                    contractor        construction
                                                                                                                                     ESS Expert
                                                                                                                   activities
                                                                                                 Monthly by ESS
                                                                                                 Expert

                                    x) Contractors shall ensure that facilities for Person       Weekly by         Inspect during    Contractor                            Cost to be
                                    with Disability (PWD) during construction and                contractor        construction                                            included in
                                                                                                                                     ESS Expert
                                    rehabilitation are disabled friendly (e.g., special                            activities                                              bid vetting
                                                                                                 Monthly by ESS
                                    pathways and latrines for PWDs shall be part of the                                                                                    by
                                                                                                 Expert
                                    construction).                                                                                                                         contractor




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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                                                                        Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa


       Anticipated Social                                                                                                                               Compliance           Cost and
                                    Mitigation Measure(s)                                         Monitoring     Monitoring and      Responsibility
                                                                                                                                                        criteria/indicator   Source of
       Impacts                                                                                    Frequency      Reporting Tools
                                                                                                                                                        s
                                                                                                                                                                             Funds


                                    i) Location of camp site away from settlements                                                                      Section         9
 4.    Impacts on Women                                                                           Monthly        Inspect camp        Contractor                              Nil
       (privacy    and   pardah                                                                                                                         grievance redress
                                                                                                                                     ESS Expert         mechanism
       issues)         Children
       (restricted   movements)
                                    ii) For both school and health facilities, workers will be     Monthly       Inspect camp        Contractor                              Nil
       and overall restricted
                                    confined to the site-areas. A boundary around the site
       mobility                                                                                                                      ESS Expert
                                    will be drawn and workers will not be permitted to go
                                    beyond during operational hours.
                                    iii) All the vehicles deployed for material movement
                                                                                                  Weekly by      Inspect             Contractor                              Nil
                                    shall be spill proof to the extent possible.
                                                                                                  contractor
                                                                                                                 Photographs         ESS experts
                                                                                                  Monthly by
                                                                                                  expert

                                    iv) Development of Workers Code of Conduct (CoC).              weekly by     Check contractor    Contractor/ ESS                         Nil
                                    This Code of Conduct will be made part of the                 contractor     agreement           experts
                                    Contractor’s TORs and agreement. Ensure all works
                                    sign (CoC) Training/Sensitization of the contractor’s
                                    staff will be ensured by the contractor.

                                    v) Teachers training and sensitization will be ensured                       Training material   ESS     experts                         Cost
                                    for awareness raising regarding protection of children                                           Education                               included in
                                                                                                  Bi-annually    Annual progress
                                    and women during construction activities                                                                                                 PC1
                                                                                                                 report education

                                    vi) Staff training of Hospitals – training of nurses,         Bi-annually    Training material   ESS      experts                        Cost
                                    doctors and support staff on GBV related risks to                                                Health                                  included in
                                                                                                                 Annual progress
                                    implementation.                                                                                                                          PC1
                                                                                                                 report Health

                                    vii) Community awareness sessions prior and during             Bi-annually   Training material   ESS experts                             Nil
                                    the construction phase. Separate male and female



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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                                                                           Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa


       Anticipated Social                                                                                                                                Compliance           Cost and
                                     Mitigation Measure(s)                                       Monitoring         Monitoring and      Responsibility
                                                                                                                                                         criteria/indicator   Source of
       Impacts                                                                                   Frequency          Reporting Tools
                                                                                                                                                         s
                                                                                                                                                                              Funds


                                     community awareness raising activities that include                            Progress reports
                                     awareness on GBV related risks to their children and
                                     women and the ways in which the community members
                                     can safely report concerns.

  5    Archaeological,               i) Construction staff will be trained and informed on       Once before the    Training material   Contractor       Baseline/     WB     Training
       Religious and Cultural        identifying the evidence of archaeological/historic         start of project                                        guidelines           cost to be
       Sites                         remains;                                                                       Site visits         ESS Experts
                                                                                                                                                                              included in
       The project sites may                                                                                                                                                  PC1
       include religiously and
                                     ii) In case evidence of archaeological remains is found
       culturally important sites.                                                               Weekly by          Visits/Site         Contractor                            Nil
                                     during construction activities, the actions listed below
       Excavation work during                                                                    contractor         inspection
                                     shall be undertaken. Detailed procedure for                                                        ESS Expert
       construction may result in    Archaeological Chance Find is included in Annexure          Monthly by
       the uncovering of ancient     7                                                           project
       sites or artefacts.
                                         -    Excavation work in the vicinity of the find
                                              will be stopped;
                                         -    Assistance will be sought from the nearest
                                              office of the Department of Archaeology and
                                              Museums to identify the remains;
                                         -    If the department decides to salvage the
                                              remains, PMU will provide assistance.

                                     iii) No additional land for project will acquired near      Weekly by          Visits/ site        Contractor                            Nil
                                     existing archaeological sites                               contractor         inspections
                                                                                                                                        ESS Expert
                                                                                                 Monthly by
                                                                                                 project

                                     iv) The construction work will be stopped at the time                          Observation         Contractor                            Nil
                                     of the funeral and burial at the grave yard.




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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                             Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



        Potential Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures for Health
        Care and Education Facilities during Operation Phase

Table 7.2 provides the potential environmental and social impacts and mitigation measures along with
the compliance criteria at operational stage. The institutional arrangements and implementation budget
are included in proceeding sections. The environmental impact of the health facility operation is
moderate to high due to likely generation of hazardous wastes for which a separate health care waste
management framework is proposed. The environmental impact of school operations is low, while the
social impact is moderate.

General environmental and social issues during operation include:

    •    Lack of functional sanitation facilities (often not functioning due to improper sewerage
         facilities or standard latrine structures);

    •    Improper disposal of wastewater (e.g. construction of infrastructure may dispose wastewater in
         pits or water streams or rivers);

    •    Improper management of solid waste including hospital waste generated by the project (and
         other potential sources). This usually results in the accumulation of waste on or around the
         subproject premises/area.

    •    Health and safety risks associated with lack of adequate safety measures in place (e.g. life and
         fire safety plan, emergency preparedness, etc.).

    •    Access of Person with Disability to health and school facilities and latrines are not sufficiently
         addressed (need consideration during construction phase).

   Table 7.2: Environment and Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures for Health Care and Education
                                      Facilities at Operation Stage


  Aspect /Impacts                              Proposed Mitigation Measures (Responsible: Health and
                                               Education departments)

  Air Quality                            • No mitigation required
  Decline in ambient air quality due to • The impacts are likely to be low since only urban areas have
  emissions from vehicles and generators   access to vehicles whereas children in rural area children walk
  dropping school kids                     to school.
                                         • School are not using backup generators
  Wastewater and sanitation                 • It will be ensured that the sewerage is directed into municipal
  Deterioration of water bodies due to poor   drains or dry pits.
  sewerage disposal                         • The water channels will be cleaned.
                                            • Sewerage water will not be drained on soil surfaces.
  Solid waste (Schools)                 • Segregation of solid waste at source with labelled dust bins for
  There will be increase in solid waste   paper, food, glass and recyclable products.
  generated from the schools.           • Segregation of solid waste and disposal of solid waste to the
                                          designated areas.
                                        • Composing of biodegradable food waste to be included in the
                                          school activity.
                                        • Solid waste will not be allowed to dump randomly on open
                                          area. Clearance of reusable and recyclable waste to certified
                                          recycling companies.
  Heath care waste                              The Health Care waste management shall be the responsibility
                                                of the outsourcing/contracting firm and following measures are


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  Aspect /Impacts                              Proposed Mitigation Measures (Responsible: Health and
                                               Education departments)
  The provision of essential medicine,          proposed for handling of health care waste;
  equipment and rehabilitation of health      • Health care waste management plan for disposal of health care
  care facilities under the project once        wastes is part of the project.
  operational will generate wastes, which     • Provide PPE to workers within the health facilities.
  may impact on the environment through       • Provide waste disposal receptors on site (bins) classified
  contamination of soils, water bodies as       according to type of waste.
  well as flora and fauna if inadequately     • Provide training and orientation to workers on health care
  disposed. Health care wastes may also         waste management.
  lead to occupational risks (workers) and    • Provide health care waste management facilities as part of the
  community health and safety if                equipment (incinerators, sharp boxes) etc.
  improperly disposed.
  Gender based Violence                       • Develop mechanism for integrating a GBV prevention and
                                                child protective interventions in schools’ management policies
                                              • Develop mechanism for integrating a GBV prevention
                                                interventions in hospital’s management policies.
                                              • Sensitization of School and Hospital staff on risks to children
                                                and women associated with GBV.
                                              • Provide accessible information to schools and health care
                                                facilities on services available, the organizations involved and
                                                to survivors of gender based violence.
                                              • Develop linkages of the Health facilities with Women
                                                Development Department (and their crisis centers) for
                                                adequate support to the victims.
                                              • Gender training to service providers involved in gender based
                                                violence including the health and social workers (community
                                                midwives)
  Conflicts /Gender issues                  • Parent Teacher Management Committees (PTMC) will be
  The conflict may arise among parents,       made functional.
  teachers, community. Similarly, gender • Girls will be encouraged to attend the school through
  issue become hurdle for young girl school   availability of basic necessities, social mobilization and focus
  education.                                  on girls ‘education in the project.
                                            • Separate arrangements will be made for enabling girls and
                                              women to attend schools such as provision of WASH facilities
                                              for girls, sanitary pads, health and hygiene awareness sessions
                                              to girls to address their issues and concerns.
                                            • Teachers will be trained to handle gender based violence and
                                              harassment issues. Teacher will be trained on acquiring the
                                              information reporting the incident and resolving through
                                              parent teacher management committees and school
                                              administration.
                                            • GRM will be used for conflict resolution.




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     Resettlement Policy Framework
This resettlement policy framework has been prepared to address issues related to land acquisition and
resettlement (if any), as required by World Bank (WB) Operational Policy/Bank Policy (OP/BP) 4.12
Involuntary Resettlement.

The Project will not finance any activities or construction of new facilities (e.g. hospitals, schools) that
will require medium or large-scale land acquisition. Only small scale civil works (e.g. extension of
existing health and education facilities) that may require small parcels of land may be anticipated in the
following components of the Project:

    •   Component 1: Support to Basic Health Units and Rural Health Centers

        Under sub-component 1.1, the project will support the strengthening of infrastructure,
        equipment and healthcare commodities at Basic Health Units and Rural Health Centers
        according to the MHSDP and Infrastructure Standards. This will include small scale civil works
        for renovation and upgrading of these facilities.

    •   Component 2: Improved availability and quality of education services

        Under sub-component 2.1, the project will support the upgrade of primary schools (grades 1-5)
        to middle schools (grades 6-8) in the targeted districts. This would entail adding classrooms to
        accommodate the next level grades, fully equipping them, and adding other facilities (such as
        school library or laboratories) to improve the learning environment. The expansion of
        classrooms would include also addition of preschools classrooms (kacchi). To address
        challenges with the quality and safety of schools, missing basic school facilities, which include
        provision of boundary walls, drinking water, toilets and electricity connections or solar panels
        will be provided. Small scale civil works are anticipated for the addition of classrooms and
        expansion of school facilities. All physical infrastructure related activities will be carried out
        in existing schools with sufficient land/space for expansion.

All efforts will be taken by the Project to ensure that construction required for expansion of schools and
upgrading of health facilities is done on the existing land being used by the facility. However, in case
there is a need for minor extensions beyond existing facility boundaries, which may require additional
small parcel of land, the following criteria will be used in order of preference:

    4. Preference 1: Use of existing land owned by the target school or health facility

    5. Preference 2: Use of land voluntarily donated by an individual, a group of individuals or the
       community as a whole (Voluntary Land Donation, VLD)

    6. Preference 3: Small scale land acquisition

The project will primarily focus on undertaking upgradation and rehabilitation works within existing
facility boundaries. There is a possibility that in some cases existing facilities may need minor
extensions and therefore, may entail small-scale land needs. Such land needs may only be allowed by
the project if the impacts are small scale and localized. However, the project does not anticipate such
land needs beyond a few instances, if at all. Hence, the probability of the project using preference 3
(above) is low.

This chapter provides a framework for Voluntary Land Donation (VLD) in addition to the Resettlement
Policy Framework (RPF). Where there are gaps between national laws and WB’s policy on Involuntary
Resettlement, a practical approach has been designed which is consistent with Government practices as
well as WB’s Policy. A gap analysis of the Land Acquisition Act (1894) and World Bank Policies is



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provided in Section 2 of the ESMF. Annexure 8 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Screening
Checklist will guide each sub-project in identifying the relevant framework to be applied if required.

      Objectives of RPF

In case of land acquisition by the project, this RPF is prepared to establish resettlement principles and
to provide guidance for assessment and resettlement planning. The RPF fulfils the requirements of
local laws and WB’s OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement.

The RPF establishes the process for VLD, resettlement and compensation principles, the organizational
arrangements and the resettlement planning for the affected population during the Project
implementation stage. All efforts will be deployed to avoid resettlement and reduce disruption at the
Project implementation stage.

      Requirements of RPF

Sub-Components 1.1 and 2.1 of the project may include small scale civil works to add classrooms to
primary schools and upgrade health facilities, which may, in some cases, require small scale land
acquisition for extension works. Though every effort will be taken to prioritize use of existing
government land or VLD (explained in forthcoming section), there is a chance that private land
acquisition may be required. It is also noted that rehabilitation of such facilities may require small scale,
permanent economic displacement and/or involuntary resettlement if there are encroachments or
encumbrances on the school or health facility property. Therefore, WB’s OP on Involuntary
Resettlement, OP 4.12 is triggered.

The project has not identified any potential sub-project locations for expansion of schools and health
facilities. Hence, this RPF has been developed. If there is a need for any small scale land acquisition at
the sub-project stage, the PMUs (Health and/or Education) will be responsible for preparing a
Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) in line with this RPF. RAPs will be submitted to the WB for review
and clearance and will be consulted on and disclosed prior to sub-project implementation and
commencement of sub-project construction activity.

This RPF covers the following:

        Avoid Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement

Land acquisition and involuntary resettlement will be avoided where feasible, or minimized, by
identifying possible alternative project designs that have the least adverse impact on the communities
in the project area. No displacement of households or economic displacement is anticipated under this
project as only extension works of existing facilities will be undertaken. However, where displacement
of households is unavoidable, all Project Affected Peoples (PAPs) losing assets, livelihoods or resources
will be fully compensated and assisted so that they can improve, or at least restore, their former
economic and social conditions. Compensation and rehabilitation support will be provided to any PAPs,
that is, any person or household or business, which on account of project implementation would have
his, her or their:

  â—¼   standard of living adversely affected;

  â—¼   right, title or interest in any house, any land (including premises, agricultural and grazing land,
      commercial properties), tenancy, or right in annual or perennial crops and trees or any other
      fixed or moveable assets, acquired or possessed, temporarily or permanently;

  â—¼   income earning opportunities, business, occupation, work or place of residence or habitat
      adversely affected temporarily or permanently; or




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  â—¼   Social and cultural activities and relationships affected or any other losses that shall be
      identified during the process of resettlement planning.

        Eligibility for Compensation

All PAPs will be eligible for compensation and rehabilitation assistance, irrespective of tenure status,
social or economic standing and any such factors that may discriminate against achievement of the
objectives outlined above. OP 4.12 defines eligibility criteria as the following:

Displaced persons may be classified in one of the following three groups:

1. those who have formal legal rights to land (including customary and traditional rights recognized
   under the laws of the country);

2. those who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time the census begins but have a claim to
   such land or assets--provided that such claims are recognized under the laws of the country or
   become recognized through a process identified in the resettlement plan; and

3. Those who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land they are occupying.

Persons covered under the first two categories are provided compensation for the land they lose, and
other assistance in accordance with OP4.12. Persons in the third category are provided resettlement
assistance in lieu of compensation for the land they occupy, and other assistance that may consist of
land, other assets, cash, employment, and so on, as appropriate and in accordance with OP4.12.

        Entitlements without Legal Claims to Land

Lack of legal rights to the assets lost or adversely affected tenure status and social or economic status
will not bar the PAPs from entitlements to such compensation and rehabilitation measures or
resettlement objectives. All PAPs residing, working, doing business and/or cultivating land within the
project impacted areas as of the date of the latest census and inventory of lost assets, are entitled to
compensation for their lost assets (land and/or non–land assets), at replacement cost, if available and
restoration of incomes and businesses, and will be provided with rehabilitation measures sufficient to
assist them to improve or at least maintain their pre–project living standards, income–earning capacity
and production levels. Encroachers will not be eligible for compensation of land however they will be
entitled for the compensation of structures and a moving allowance.

PAPs that lose only part of their physical assets will not be left with a portion that will be inadequate to
sustain their current standard of living. The minimum size of remaining land and structures will be
agreed during the resettlement planning process. People temporarily affected are to be considered as
PAPs and resettlement plans address the issue of temporary acquisition.

        Compensation and Rehabilitation

Payment for land and/or non–land assets will be based on the principle of replacement cost. Solely cash
compensation will be avoided as an option if possible, as this may not address losses that are not easily
quantified, such as access to services and traditional rights, and may eventually lead to those populations
being worse off than without the project. Compensation for PAPs dependent on agricultural activities
will be land–based wherever possible. Land–based strategies may include provision of replacement
land, ensuring greater security of tenure, and upgrading livelihoods of people without legal land titles.
If replacement land is not available, other strategies may be built around opportunities for re –training,
skill development, wage employment, or self–employment, including access to credit. Whenever
replacement land is offered, PAPs should be provided with land for which a combination of productive
potential, locational advantages, and other factors is at least equivalent to the advantages of the land
taken. Replacement lands, if the preferred option of PAPs, should be within the immediate vicinity of



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the affected lands wherever possible and be of comparable productive capacity and potential. As a
second option, sites should be identified that minimize the social disruption of those affected; such lands
should also have access to services and facilities similar to those available in the lands affected.

        Livelihood Restoration

Losses of livelihoods due to land acquisition will be assessed during field surveys, to be conducted by
resettlement specialists, who will be engaged for this activity if required. In case land acquisition affects
commercial structures, in addition to the compensation of affected assets, PAPs will be compensated
for lost net income during the transition period, and for the costs of the transfer and reinstallation of the
plant, machinery, or other equipment. Moreover, PAPs will get priority in construction labour jobs
according to their education and skills.

        Resettlement Assistance

Resettlement assistance will be provided not only for immediate loss, but also for a transition period
needed to restore livelihood and standards of living of PAPs. Such support could take the form of short–
term jobs, short term rental support, subsistence support, salary maintenance, or similar arrangements.

        Vulnerable Groups

The resettlement plan must consider the needs of those most vulnerable to the adverse impacts of
resettlement including the poor, those without legal title to land, ethnic minorities, women, children,
elderly and disabled and ensure they are considered in resettlement planning and mitigation measures
identified. Assistance should be provided to help them improve their socioeconomic status. PAPs will
be involved in the process of developing and implementing resettlement plans

        Consultations

Communities will be consulted about the project, the rights and options available to them, and proposed
mitigation measures for adverse effects, and to the extent possible be involved in the decisions that are
made concerning their resettlement.

        Timing of Relocation

Displacement does not occur before provision of compensation and of other assistance required for
relocation. Sufficient civic infrastructure must be provided in resettlement site prior to relocation.
Acquisition of assets, payment of compensation, and the resettlement and start of the livelihood
rehabilitation activities of PAPs, will be completed prior to any construction activities, except when a
court of law orders so in expropriation cases. (Livelihood restoration measures must also be in place
but not necessarily completed prior to construction activities, as these may be ongoing activities.)

        Organization and Administrative Arrangements

Organization and administrative arrangements will be identified and in place by the PMU prior to the
commencement of the resettlement process. A social development specialist will be hired by the PMU
to undertake supervision, consultation, monitoring of land acquisition and rehabilitation activities, and
management of the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM).

        Monitoring and Reporting

Appropriate reporting (including auditing and redress functions), monitoring and evaluation
mechanisms, will be identified and set in place as part of the resettlement management system. The
RAP implementation will be monitored internally as well as externally. The PMU’s social specialist
will internally monitor and evaluate the resettlement process during the pre –construction and



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 construction stages of sub-project. An external monitoring agency with the consent of WB may also be
 hired by the project and will evaluate the resettlement process and final outcome. Such groups may
 include qualified Non–governmental Organization (NGOs), research institutions or universities.

          Cut-off Date

 The cut–off–date of eligibility refers to the date prior to which the occupation or use of the project area
 makes residents/users of the same eligible to be categorized as PAPs and be eligible to Project
 entitlements. The establishment of the eligibility cut–off date is intended to prevent the influx of
 ineligible non–residents who might take advantage of Project entitlements. However, the project cannot
 force the owners of the land not to make any transactions unless section 4 of the Land Acquisition Act
 is announced. After the announcement of section 4, a final inventory of the affected assets is prepared
 by the respective line departments and the RAP is updated accordingly.

 Normally, this cut-off date is the date the census begins. The cut-off date could also be the date the
 project was delineated, prior to the census, provided that there has been an effective public
 dissemination of information on the area delineated, and systematic and continuous dissemination
 subsequent to the delineation to prevent further population influx.

          Linking Resettlement Activities to Civil Work

 All resettlement related activities, particularly payments of compensation and relocation site
 development, will be completed prior to commencement of project civil works. The acquired land and
 other assets for example, housing/commercial structures will not be demolished without compensation
 being paid and/or alternative housing/ resettlement sites being provided. For project activities requiring
 relocation or resulting in loss of shelter, the PAPs will be informed of the project activities and schedule
 such as (a) target dates for start and completion of civil works; (b) timetables for transfers and
 possession of land from the affected households; and (c) a full schedule of project work, including
 specific project activity involving land acquisition, relocation and resettlement. Thus, the framework
 will ensure proper timing and coordination of the civil works so that no affected person will be displaced
 (economically or physically) due to civil works activity, before compensation is paid and before any
 project construction works can begin.

          Eligibility and Entitlements

 The eligibility and entitlement will follow the approved entitlement matrix which covers a wide range
 of losses. The following table summarizes various entitlements against losses.

                                         Table 8.1: Entitlements Matrix

                       Entitled          Entitlement
                                                                Implementation               Responsible
 No Type of loss       Persons           (Compensation
                                                                issues/Guidelines            Organization
                       (Beneficiaries)   Package)

                                                              Market price of the land      All costs related
                                                              will be computed by the       to Resettlement &
                                         Market value of land District price assessment     Rehabilitation
                                         free of taxes,       committee keeping in view     assistance will be
     Loss of                             registration, and    the recent transactions in    provided by
     agricultural land, Legal owner(s)   transfer costs, and  the area, quality of land     GoKP. Land
1.   1
     pond, ditches      of land          including 15%        and demand of the land        acquisition and
     and orchards etc.                   compulsory land      owners.                       disbursement of
                                         acquisition                                        payments is the
                                         surcharge.                                         responsibility of
                                                              The Project through           Revenue
                                                              District Collector will pay   Department




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                       Entitled           Entitlement
                                                                     Implementation                Responsible
No Type of loss        Persons            (Compensation
                                                                     issues/Guidelines             Organization
                       (Beneficiaries)    Package)
                                                                    cash compensation through
                                                                    crossed cheque.
                                    Land for land
                                    compensation with
                                    plots of equal value
                                    and productivity to
                                    the plots lost;                 Market price of the land
                                    ensuring economic               will be computed by the     All costs related
                                    viability of the new            District price assessment   to Resettlement &
                     Farmers/ Title land and also                   committee keeping in view   Rehabilitation
                     holders        ensuring that the               the recent transactions in  assistance will be
                                    PAPs’ livelihood is             the area, quality of land   provided by
   Loss of access to                not negatively                  and demand of the land      GoKP. Land
2. 2                 Landowners
   cultivable land                                                                              acquisition and
                     with customary affected or;                    owners.
                                                                                                disbursement of
                     rights                                                                     payments is the
                                    Cash compensation               The Project through         responsibility of
                                    plus 15% CAS for                District Collector will pay Revenue
                                    affected land at                cash compensation through Department
                                    replacement cost                crossed cheque.
                                    based on market
                                    value free of taxes,
                                    registration, and
                                    transfer costs
                                         Renewal of lease
                                                                    Market price of the land
                                         contract in other
                                                                    will be computed by the       All the funds will
                                         plots of equal value/
                                                                    District price assessment     be provided by
                                         productivity of plots
                                                                    committee keeping in view     GoKP through the
                                         lost, or
                                                                    the recent transactions in    project. Land
                       Leaseholders      Cash equivalent to
     Loss of access to                                              the area, quality of land     acquisition and
3.                     (registered or    market value of            and demand of the land
     cultivable land                                                                              disbursement of
                       not)              gross yield of             owners.                       payments is the
                                         affected land for the                                    responsibility of
                                                                    The Project through
                                         remaining lease                                          Revenue
                                                                    District Collector will pay
                                         years (up to a                                           Department
                                                                    cash compensation through
                                         maximum of 3
                                                                    crossed cheque.
                                         years).
                                         Cash equivalent to
                                         market value of the        Market value of the harvest
                                         lost harvest share         will be computed by the     All the funds will
                                         once (temporary            District price assessment   be provided by
                                         impact) or twice           committee keeping in view   GoKP through the
                       Sharecroppers     (permanent impact).        the recent transactions in  project. Land
     Loss of access to                                              the area,                   acquisition and
4.                     (registered or
     cultivable land                                                                            disbursement of
                       not)              Provision of                                           payments is the
                                         livelihood                 The Project through         responsibility of
                                         restoration support        District Collector will pay Revenue
                                         (i.e, inclusion in the     cash compensation through Department
                                         Livelihood                 crossed cheque.
                                         Restoration Plan).

                     Agricultural        Cash indemnity                                           All the funds will
   Loss of access to                     corresponding to           The Project through           be provided by
5.                   workers losing
   cultivable land                       their salary               District Collector will pay   GoKP through the
                     their contract
                                         (including portions                                      project. Land



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                      Entitled           Entitlement
                                                                 Implementation               Responsible
No Type of loss       Persons            (Compensation
                                                                 issues/Guidelines            Organization
                      (Beneficiaries)    Package)
                                        in kind) for the      cash compensation through acquisition and
                                        remaining part of the crossed cheque            disbursement of
                                        agricultural year.                              payments is the
                                                                                        responsibility of
                                                                                        Revenue
                                        Provision of
                                                                                        Department
                                        livelihood
                                        restoration support
                                        (ie, inclusion in the
                                        Livelihood
                                        Restoration Plan).
                                                                                            All the funds will
                                                                                            be provided by
                                        One rehabilitation                                  GoKP through the
                                        allowance equal to      The Project through         project. Land
     Loss of access to Unauthorized     market value of 1       District Collector will pay acquisition and
6.
     cultivable land   occupants        gross harvest (in       cash compensation through disbursement of
                                        addition to crop        crossed cheque              payments is the
                                        compensation).                                      responsibility of
                                                                                            Revenue
                                                                                            Department
                                        Market value of land
                                        including 15%
                                        compulsory land
                                        acquisition surcharge

                                        Lump sum
                                        dislocation
                                        allowance per           Market price of the land
                                        household to cover      will be computed by the
                                        transport expenses      District price assessment
                                        and livelihood          committee keeping in view
                                        expenses for one        the recent transactions in   Project through
   Loss of
                                        month (to be            the area, quality of land    District Collector
   homestead/
                                        calculated on the       and demand of the land       will pay for the
   residential/
                                        basis of CBN per        owners.                      land.
   commercial/                          person).
   Common           Legal owner(s)
7. 3
   Property         of the land                                 Project through District     Relocation site
   Resources(CPR)                       Provision of basic      Collector will pay for the   development will
   plots by                             infrastructures at      land.                        be the
   owners/authoriti                     new resettlement        Project will develop the     responsibility of
   es                                   area such as access     resettlement sites with      the project.
                                        road, drinking water    provision of basic
                                        supply, sanitation,     amenities as electricity,
                                        schools, electricity,   potable water, roads
                                        mosque, health
                                        facility and
                                        commercial area free
                                        of cost.

                                        Those households
                                        moving on their own
                                        (i.e., self-managed
                                        relocation) will



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                     Entitled                Entitlement
                                                                    Implementation                 Responsible
No Type of loss      Persons                 (Compensation
                                                                    issues/Guidelines              Organization
                     (Beneficiaries)         Package)
                                         receive an additional
                                         amount as
                                         allowances for self-
                                         managed relocation.
                     Person with
                     legal ownership                                                          Compensation of
                     of the land                                                              trees and other
                                                                   Values of lost items       land based assets
                                                                   computed based on          will be included
                     Socially        Market value of the
8. 4
   Loss of trees                                                   Resettlement Field Survey in the land award
                     recognized      lost item
                                                                   (RFS) and rates taken from and will be paid
                     owner/                                        local market               by the revenue
                     unauthorized                                                             department
                     occupant of the
                     trees
                                         Replacement value
                                         of residential
                                         structure.

                                         Lump sum
                                         Relocation grant per
                                         affected Household
                                         to cover transport
                                         expenses and
                                         livelihood expenses Applicable to all structures
                                         for one month (to be located within the
   Loss of                               calculated on the     acquisition areas.                 Replacement
                     Legal
   residential                           basis of CBN per                                         value, Relocation
                     titleholder
   /commercial                           person).                                                 grant and special
9. 5                 Owner(s) of                               District Collector with
   structure by                                                                                   assistance will be
                     structures                                expertise from Works and
   owner(s)                                                                                       paid directly by
                                         Special assistance of Services Department will           the project
                                         one-time payment      determine the replacement
                                         for each female,      value
                                         disabled, elderly
                                         headed and very
                                         poor households.

                                         Owner will be
                                         allowed to take away
                                         all salvageable
                                         materials free of
                                         cost.

                     Informal            .                         Applicable to all structures
    Loss of          settlers /                                    located within the
                                                                   acquisition areas.             Replacement
    residential      squatters / non-    Relocation grant per                                     value, relocation
    /commercial      tilted APs          affected structure.                                      grant and special
    structure by
10. 6                occupying                                     District Collector with        assistance will be
    squatters and    public land                                   expertise from Works and
                                         Special assistance of                                    paid directly by
    unauthorized     without title/ or                             Services Department will
                                         one-time payment                                         the project
    occupants        squatting on                                  determine the replacement
                     Govt. land          for each female,
                                         disabled, elderly         value




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                       Entitled           Entitlement
                                                                    Implementation                 Responsible
No Type of loss        Persons            (Compensation
                                                                    issues/Guidelines              Organization
                       (Beneficiaries)    Package)
                                         headed and very
                                         poor households.

                                         Owner will be
                                         allowed to take away
                                         all salvageable
                                         materials free of
                                         cost.
                                         Affected tenants will
                                         receive cash
                                         compensation of a
                                         value proportionate
                                         to the duration of the
                                         remaining lease
                                         period, or three
                                         months, whichever is
                                         higher.
                                                                   Applicable to all structures
    Loss of access to
                                                                   located within the             Cash
    residential
                                                                   acquisition areas.             compensation,
    houses/                              Relocation grant per
    commercial        Tenants of         affected structure.                                      relocation grant
11. 7
    structures        rented/ leased                               District Collector with        and special
                      properties                                   expertise from Works and       assistance will be
                                         Special assistance of     Services Department will       paid directly by
   (Owners/rented                        one-time payment                                         the project
                                                                   determine the replacement
   or leased)                            for each female,          value
                                         disabled, elderly
                                         headed and very
                                         poor households.

                                         Owner will be
                                         allowed to take away
                                         all salvageable
                                         materials free of
                                         cost.
                                         Crop compensation     Applicable for all crops
                     Cultivators         in cash at full marketstanding on land within the
                     identified by       rate for one harvest  acquisition area at the time
                                         (either winter or     of dispossession.             Compensation of
                     District                                                                crops will be
                     Collector           summer) by default
                                         for impacts caused                                  included in the
                     through land                              Project will pay through      land award and
    Loss of standing                     by the project
12. 8                acquisition                               District Collector for crops. will be paid by
    crops                                activities.
                     survey,                                   District Collector with       the revenue
                     including                                 assistance from               department
                     sharecroppers,      All other crop losses Department of Agriculture
                     tenants and         will be compensated will recommend
                     squatters.          at market rates based resettlement value of crops
                                         on actual losses.     at harvest.
    Loss of business   Owner/operator    (i) Cash
                       of the business   compensation equal        Business owners will be        Project will
    by commercial
13. 9
                       as recorded by    to one year income,       paid the entitlements after    directly pay the
    and business
                       RFS               if loss is permanent;     award of compensation by       entitlement to the
    enterprises




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                                                                             Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



                     Entitled            Entitlement
                                                                  Implementation                 Responsible
No Type of loss      Persons             (Compensation
                                                                  issues/Guidelines              Organization
                     (Beneficiaries)     Package)
   (CBEs) due to                                             District Collector to the          eligible affected
   dislocation                          ii) in case of       owner of premises.                 persons.
                                        temporary loss, cash
                                        compensation equal
                                        to the period of the
                                        interruption of
                                        business up to a
                                        maximum of six
                                        months or covering
                                        the period of income
                                        loss based on
                                        construction
                                        activity.
                                        Indemnity for lost
                                        wages for the period     Affected person must have
                     Household          of business              been an employee of            Project will
    Loss of Income
                     head /             interruption up to a     landowner or business          directly pay the
    and work days
14. 1
                     employees          maximum of three         located in the acquired        entitlement to the
    due to
    0
                     identified by      months (to be            lands for at least twelve      eligible affected
    displacement
                     the RFS            calculated on the        months, as identified by the   persons.
                                        basis of Cost of         RFS.
                                        Basic Needs (CBN),
                                        Lump sum one time
                                        livelihood assistance
                                        allowance (to be
                                        calculated on the
                                        basis of Cost of
                        Poor and        Basic Needs (CBN)
                        vulnerable      per person) on
                        households      account of livelihood
                        including       restoration support.
                        women
                                                                                           Project will
                        headed
    Poor and                            Temporary or                                       directly pay the
15. 1                   household,                               Vulnerable household must
    vulnerable                          permanent                                          entitlement to the
    1                   households                               be identified during RFS.
    households                          employment during                                  eligible affected
                        below
                                        construction or                                    persons.
                        poverty line,
                                        operation, where
                        disabled
                                        ever feasible.
                        persons
                        identified by
                        RFS             Provision of one
                                        time PKR. 15,000
                                        moving assistance to
                                        cover transport
                                        expenses, where
                                        applicable.
                                     The project will
                                     construct the
                    Community                                                                   Project will
                                     structures for              Land for common
    Displacement of structure                                                                   directly pay the
16. 1                                common properties           structures will be
    community       representative                                                              entitlement to the
    2                                in the self-managed         purchased/ acquired by the
    structure       as identified by                                                            eligible affected
                                     resettlement sites          Project.
                    the RFS                                                                     persons.
                                     selected by the
                                     PAPs.




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                                                                              Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



                       Entitled           Entitlement
                                                                    Implementation                 Responsible
No Type of loss        Persons            (Compensation
                                                                    issues/Guidelines              Organization
                       (Beneficiaries)    Package)
                                                                                                  Project will
                                                                   Temporary impact during
    Temporary                            Compensation equal                                       directly pay the
17. 1                  Community /                                 construction will be
    impact during                        to loss during                                           entitlement to the
    3                  Individual                                  computed by Project
    construction                         construction                                             eligible affected
                                                                   Implementation Unit.
                                                                                                  persons.
                                                                                              Compensation of
                                                                                              land based assets
                                                                   The unforeseen impacts     will be included
                                                                   will be identified through in the land award
                                         Entitlements will be      special survey by the PMU. and will be paid
                       Concerned                                                              by the revenue
    Unforeseen
18. 1                                    determined as per         The entitlements will be
                       impacted                                                               department
    impact
    4                                    the resettlement          approved by Health and
                       persons
                                         policy framework          Secondary Education
                                                                   Departments and concurred Compensation of
                                                                   by the WB.                 other assets will
                                                                                              be paid directly
                                                                                              by the project.
                                                                   Health and Secondary
                                                                   Education Departments and
                                                                   concerned department with
                                                                                                  Project will be
                                                                   the help of LAC will be
19. 1                  Concerned         Replacement of                                           responsible for
    Public Structure                                               responsible for the
    5                  Department        affected structures                                      financial
                                                                   replacement of the affected
                                                                                                  assistance
                                                                   public structures with the
                                                                   financial assistance of the
                                                                   project at appropriate site.
                                       One time severe
                                       impact allowance
                                       per household.
                                       Severe impact
                                       allwance will be
                                       based on market
                                       value of a 1 year’s
                                       gross yield of the
                                       land lost. In case of
                                       severe impact on
                       Persons losing other income, the
                                                                                              Project will be
                       more than 10% APs will be paid              The one time severe impact
20. 1                                                                                         responsible to pay
    Severe impact      of their income additional                  allowance will be paid by
    6                                                                                         the severe impact
                       from all        compensation                Project.
                                                                                              allowance.
                       sources         corresponding to 3
                                       months of minimum
                                       subsistence income

                                         One person from the
                                         household will be
                                         eligible for labor
                                         work or job
                                         according to their
                                         skills and education.




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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                         Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa


        Voluntary Land Donation Framework

This Voluntary Land Donation (VLD) Framework has been prepared to ensure that due diligence will
be conducted by the project before the implementation of any interventions/sub-projects that require
land. As noted earlier, if land is needed for expansion or upgradation of health or education facilities,
in the first instance the Project will utilize existing land owned by the target school or health facility. If
such land is not available, then the Project will acquire such land using land which is voluntarily donated
by an individual, a group of individuals or the community as a whole through a Voluntary Land
Donation (VLD) process. As a last resort, when the above two options are not available, the Project will
acquire land through an involuntary land acquisition process.

VLD is an act of free and informed consent. Project staff must ensure that voluntary contributions are
obtained without coercion or duress. Project Affected Persons (PAPs) have the right to refuse to donate
assets and receive their entitlement and compensation for their land and assets lost. They will be fully
informed of their rights and access to grievance mechanisms described in this RPF.

        VLD Due Diligence

Due diligence for VLD will be conducted and documented during the screening phase of each sub-
project/intervention requiring land. Due diligence will be carried out by the social safeguards specialist
of the Project Management Unit (PMU). Due diligence will cover at least the following:

   i.   PMU must verify and document that land required for the sub-project is given voluntarily and
        the land to be donated is free from any dispute on ownership or any other encumbrances;

  ii.   The land must be jointly identified by the Revenue Department, beneficiary community and
        project representative. PMU must ensure that the land is appropriate for sub-project purposes
        and that the sub-project will not result in any adverse social or environmental impacts by using
        this land;

 iii.   The titleholder/s donating land should be made to understand that they will have equal access
        to the infrastructure built on the donated land like any other community member and that they
        cannot claim for any priority treatment;

 iv.    PMU must verify that the donated land does not cause any physical or economic displacement

  v.    PMU must verify that the donated land/assets are no more than 10% of the total land assets of
        the individual;

 vi.    In case of communal land, PMU must acquire consent of 90% of land owners through a
        consultative process;

vii.    The land titleholder/s should not belong to vulnerable sections of society, unless he/she is a
        direct beneficiary of the sub-project (i.e., donated parcel of land would result in net gains in
        that person’s livelihood). Vulnerable sections are:

             â–ª   Households below the poverty line (with a valid government issued proof);

             â–ª   Women headed households with women as sole earners who may lose their shelter or
                 livelihood due to land donation;

             â–ª   Handicapped persons who may lose their shelter or livelihood due to land donation.

viii.   PMU must ensure free and informed decision-making through meaningful consultations
        conducted in good faith with all potential land donors. Documented verification must be



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         maintained of this consultation showing that land donors are in agreement with the sub-project
         and its benefits, and agree to donate their land;

 ix.     PMU must ensure that separate discussions are held with vulnerable donors such as women,
         elderly and orphans to facilitate meaningful participation and ensure there is no coercion by
         other land donors;

  x.     PMU must verify that land is free from any encroachments;

 xi.     PMU must verify that land donation will not displace tenants or bonded labour, if any, from the
         land;

xii.     PMU must ensure that the community has knowledge of and access to a fair system of grievance
         redress, and that the system for project monitoring and reporting is in place.

         VLD Documentation

PMU will document the VLD due diligence for each sub-project that requires donation of private or
communal land through the following means:

   i.    Completion of VLD Screening Checklist at sub-project planning/screening stage (format
         provided as Annexure 9);

  ii.    Completion and signing of the written consent form for VLD on Stamp Paper of the amount
         required by the Revenue Department for land donation. This needs to be verified by notary
         public, and by all donors (in Urdu) (format provided as Annexure 10);

 iii.    Verification of donation and signing of consent form by two witnesses who are community
         notables to ensure that the land was voluntarily donated without any form of coercion or duress;

 iv.     The VLD due diligence information will be verified during detailed design preparation of the
         sub-project and updated as necessary.

         VLD Monitoring

VLD will be monitored by the social safeguards specialist at PMU and periodically reviewed by the
WB. During review missions, WB will verify that land donation due diligence has been conducted in
accordance with the above procedures.

         Grievance Redress Mechanism

Anticipated grievances may relate to coercion for land donation or a donation of more than 10% of
private land holding. Any complaint will go to the grievance redress mechanism (GRM) established for
the project.

         Consultations

This VLD Framework will be included in consultations with communities about the project, the rights
and options available to them, and proposed mitigation measures for adverse effects. To the extent
possible, communities will be involved in the decisions that are made concerning VLD and resettlement.

        Preparing Resettlement Action Plans (RAP)

Resettlement Action Plans will be prepared for each sub-project where it is identified that small scale
acquisition of land is required. The Project will ensure that private land acquisition for expansion of



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                                                                                Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa


schools and health facilities is a last resort, with priority being given to using existing land owned by
the facilities, or Voluntary Land Donation. The process for preparing a RAP and an outline of its
contents is provided in this section. The detailed process and outline are provided as Annexure 11.

         Methodology of Screening

Following the RPF, Department of Health and Elementary and Secondary Education Department will
undertake assessment of all impacts of different projects, any unanticipated impacts or additional land
acquisition required during the implementation of the projects. The steps to be followed for screening
include:

     1. Conduct a rapid assessment of the impacts and consultation with the affected persons and
        communities.

     2. Consider measures to minimize impacts and or options to reduce impacts.

     3. Conduct a full assessment of impacts by involving all stakeholders, particularly the affected
        persons, and establish a full inventory of all assets to be acquired.

     4. Prepare RAP for all the sub-projects requiring land acquisition.

     5. Use the approved entitlement matrix to guide the planning and compensation for all losses
        incurred due to the unanticipated impacts and/ or acquisition of additional properties. New
        entitlements may be developed depending on the scale of any specific impacts caused by the
        construction of the project.

     6. Share the draft RAP with WB for concurrence and approval, and explain and disclose to the
        PAPs (with Executive Summary translated into Urdu and other local languages if needed)

All affected households will be identified using complete census of population and affected households,
the structures in different uses, the different trees, and public facilities as separate survey of all affected
land of different type will also be undertaken.

         Community Participation and Consultations

The RAP will ensure involvement and consultations with all APs and host communities by
conducting detailed consultations and including their views and feedback into the resettlement
plans. The Project will also put in place institutional arrangements by which displaced people
can communicate their concerns to project authorities throughout planning and implementation.

         Field Surveys

Field surveys for the RAP consist of four different89 but interrelated surveys that will prepare a census
of all affected persons, households, businesses, and community infrastructure and identify all impacts.
The objective and scope of these surveys are explained in Annexure 11.

         Valuation of Assets

The RAP will include a detailed valuation of assets such as productive land, houses, structures, crops,
trees and loss of livelihoods. The methodology for valuation of each of these assets is provided in
Annexure 11.



89Census of Affected Persons and Project Impacts; Household Profile Survey; Affected Businesses Survey; Public and
Community Infrastructure Survey



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           Compensation, Income Restoration and Relocation

The project will take all efforts to fulfil any land needs using Voluntary Land Donation (VLD) or
Willing Buyer Willing Seller (WBWS) approaches. Compensation under both VLD and WBWS do
not need to follow the requirements of the LAA 1894 and World Bank OP 4.12. This section explains
the compensation requirements that will be included in the RAP in the very unlikely chance that
involuntary resettlement may be required by the project. Compensation for lost assets can be provided
in two ways, i.e. cash compensation and land for land compensation, to be decided by PMU. The RAP
will provide the compensation approach and its basis. RAP will also propose measures for income
restoration, including compensation and special measures to help vulnerable households improve their
living standards, relocation, and support for host populations.

           Implementation Arrangements

The institutional set up in place for ensuring compliance of the ESMF (please see Chapter 10) will be
responsible for the implementation of the RFP. The Department of Health will be responsible for
overall implementation of Component 1. The Elementary & Secondary Education Department will
have the responsibility of implementing Component 2. Both departments will be responsible for
implementation of Component 3. Each Department will have the support of a Project Management Unit
(PMU) with planning of activities and reporting on progress and fiduciary and safeguards related issues.

           PMU

The Social Safeguards Specialist will be responsible for implementation of the RPF, and supervision of
all aspects related to the preparation and implementation of VLD Agreements and RAPs if applicable
for the sub-projects (in addition to other social aspects of the ESMF).

           Grievance Redressal Mechanism

GRM established for the project (detailed in Chapter 11 of ESMF) will be responsible for addressing
conflicts and appeal procedures regarding eligibility and entitlements as well as the implementation of
the resettlement activities. Any grievances related to eligibility and entitlements will be brought to the
relevant Grievance Redress Committee and will follow the process of the project GRM.

           Internal Monitoring

Internal monitoring will be carried out routinely by the Social Safeguards Specialist of each PMU under
the guidance of the Project Director. This will include monitoring of:

      -    Preparation and implementation of each VLD and/or RAP

      -    Status of resolution of all complaints (with details) and consultation plans

Results of internal monitoring will be compiled and shared with the Department of Health and
Elementary and Secondary Education Department, PAPs, and the Bank through monthly and quarterly
progress reports (QPRs). Indicators for the internal monitoring will be those related to process,
immediate outputs and results.

           External Monitoring Agency

Department of Health and Elementary and Secondary Education Department will hire an independent
External Monitoring Agency (EMA) who will conduct independent monitoring and evaluation of VLD
or RAPs implementation. The EMA will:

  â—¼       Review the implementation progress;



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                                                                       Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa


  â—¼   Evaluate the level of achievement of objectives; and

  â—¼   Identify the gaps (if any) and propose remedial measures to be taken.

        Board of Revenue

The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Board of Revenue (BoR) has function of land acquisition and power to
approve allocating/granting public land for projects of public interest with conditions.

        District Administration

Land acquisition functions rest with BoR but the land rights in the rural areas are administered by the
District Administration on behalf of the BoR. The Deputy Commissioner (DC) has the power and
responsibility to acquire land and to assess compensation of property. The DC, who also acts as LAC
under LAA 1894, will assign the Tehsildar of the concerned District Revenue Department (DRD) to
manage the entire land acquisition. Other staff members of the DRD, called Qanoongo (clerical Staff
of DRD) and Patwari (Field Staff of DRD) will carry out identification of titles and verification of the
ownership. Compensation of non-land assets pertains to relevant agencies of the government and their
district level offices as following:

  â—¼   Compensation for buildings will be determined by the District Collector with advice on the
      rates from Department of P&D;

  â—¼   Compensation for crops and productive trees will be determined by the Department of
      Agriculture; and

  â—¼   Compensation for wood trees will be determined by the Department of Forestry.

        Budget and Financing

Adequate budgetary support will be fully committed and made available to cover the costs of land
acquisition (including compensation and income restoration measures) within the agreed
implementation period. The funds for all resettlement activities will come from the Government of
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

All land acquisition and resettlement (LAR) implementation costs, including cost of compensation and
LAR administration, will be considered an integral part of Project cost. Each RAP will include a budget
section indicating unit compensation rates for all affected items and allowances, relocation of structures,
rehabilitation of livelihood, methodology followed for the computation of unit compensation rates and
a cost table for all compensation expenses including administrative costs and contingencies. Cost for
resettlement activities will be included in the PC-1 of the project by the Department of Health and
Elementary and Secondary Education Department. Total cost of the RAP will also include 10 percent
contingencies. Finances for compensation, relocation of structures, rehabilitation of livelihood,
allowances, and administration of RAP preparation and implementation will be provided by the Project.
Health and Secondary Education Departments will make sure that all the required funds are available
for different resettlement activities before the start of particular activities as scheduled in the RAP.




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                                                                       Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



     Health Care Waste Management Guidelines
The Project under its Component -1 will also support contracting/outsourcing of clinical and non-
clinical services such as diagnostic, pharmaceutical and ambulatory, and Health Care Waste
Management (HCWM) as well as some renovation and security and janitorial services, while building
the capacity of the Department of Health to manage contracts of this nature. Health department, KP
must take initiative to start effective hospital waste management system in healthcare facilities of
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

The Project will facilitate in providing guidance on Health Care Waste Management System by the
outsourcing /contracting companies from the source to the final disposal. The Project will provide
support and guidance for preparing the TORs for the outsourcing /contracting company, contractual
arrangements between the health department and private companies who will be responsible for the
overall Health Care Waste of the Health Care facilities in four districts. This section also provides
general guidance on devising a mechanism to be in place for Health Care Waste treatment and disposal
as per Hospital Waste Management Rules, 2005.

Area of Impact

The immediate area of impact for the above-mentioned project activities is limited to 5 km to 15 km
radius (depending on scale of construction) of the health care facilities. Environmental and social issues
associated with health care facilities include the following: ·

    â–ª   Solid Waste

    â–ª   Wastewater discharges

    â–ª   Staff/Public Health and Safety hazards

Table 9.1 provides summary of health care waste management potential impacts and proposed
mitigation measures for the component 1 of the proposed project that will be handled by independent
health care waste management company outsourced under the Project. The HCWM Checklist with
respect to COVID-19 is attached as Annexure-13




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                                                                               Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



               Table 9.1: General Management Guidelines for Health Care Waste Management

 Potential Impacts           Proposed Mitigation Measures                  Monitoring           Compliance
                                                                           Parameters           Criteria
 Solid Waste                 The hospital facilities selected for the      Amount of total      Hazardous
                             proposed project will be screened             waste,               Substance Rules
 Waste from Health Care      according to the equipment and hospital
 Facilities (HCF) can be                                                   Segregation of       2003
                             waste management plan will be
 divided into domestic       prepared. Proper management of                infectious waste,    WB OHS
 and hazardous waste.        hospital waste through effective              domestic waste       Guidelines
 Improper Health Care        implementation of the Hospital Waste          and hazardous        WB health care
 (HC) waste disposal can     Management Rules of 2005 can                  waste                waste
 result in increased air     minimize the risks both within and            Onsite inspections   management
 pollution through           outside healthcare facilities.                                     guidelines
 burning of waste, vector    Broad outline of the health care waste
 borne diseases,             management plan (HCWMP) according
 contamination of land       to the HCWM rules 2005 will include
 and water sources and       following components.
 ambient aesthetics for      1. Waste Minimization, Reuse, and
 surrounding                      Recycling
 communities. The            2. Waste Segregation Strategies
 impacts are likely to be    3. On-site        Handling,     Collection,
 high and requires special        Transport and Storage
 attention for hazardous     4. Transport to external facilities using
 waste. These wastes              waste disposal vehicles. Two waste
 include sharps (needles,         disposal vehicles are proposed for
 razors, and scalpels),           each district under the project.
 pathological waste, other   5. The infectious waste will be
 potentially infectious           segregated from the other non-risk
 waste, pharmaceutical            waste and will not be sent to the
 waste, biological waste,         municipal        waste       dumping
 hazardous chemical               site/landfill.
 waste, and waste from
 microbiological             6.   Feasible treatment and disposal
 laboratories.                    options include:
                             â–ª    Incineration (preferred option one in
                                  each district under the project).
                             â–ª    Chemical disinfection
                             â–ª    Wet thermal treatment
                             â–ª    Microwave irradiation
                             â–ª    Land disposal         (supplementary
                                  option)
                             â–ª    Measures to prevent vapors from
                                  escaping into the atmosphere /air
                                  (contamination)
                             7.   The KP Health Department has
                                  proposed a waste management
                                  system (including collection and
                                  disposal) under the project to be
                                  contracted out to a company for all
                                  over the province

                             8.   Training will be conducted for
                                  hospital       waste         handling,
                                  segregation, treatment, and disposal.
                             9.   In smaller facilities, methods of
                                  disposal are mainly open pit/land
                                  burning within the facility premises.
                                  In some facilities, waste is collected
                                  by municipality and disposed of in



                                                       152
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
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 Potential Impacts            Proposed Mitigation Measures                  Monitoring            Compliance
                                                                            Parameters            Criteria
                                   landfills/garbage    dumps.     This
                                   practice should be avoided and a
                                   proper pit burning guidelines
                                   including standard pit design.be
                                   proposed in HCWMP.
                                   Other important steps are to have in
                                   place a sharps management system,
                                   waste reduction, avoidance of
                                   hazardous substances whenever
                                   possible, ensuring worker safety,
                                   providing secure methods of waste
                                   collection and transportation, and
                                   installing safe treatment and
                                   disposal mechanisms.
 Non-hazardous Solid               1. Segregation of solid waste at Amount of total               Hazardous
 waste                                  source with labelled dust bins waste,                     Substance Rules
                                        for paper, food, glass and                                2003
 Most of the waste                                                      Segregation of
                                        recyclable products.
 generated in the                                                       infectious waste,         WB OHS
                                   2. Segregation of solid waste and
 healthcare facilities can                                              domestic waste            Guidelines
                                        disposal of solid waste to the
 be treated as ordinary                                                 and hazardous             WB health care
                                        designated areas.
 municipal solid waste.                                                 waste Onsite              waste
                                   3. Composting of biodegradable
 These would require                                                    inspections               management
                                        food waste shall be encouraged.
 normal treatment but                                                                             guidelines
                                   4. Solid waste will not be allowed
 necessary to avoid soil,
                                        to dump randomly on open area
 air and water pollution.
                                   5. Engaging certified recycling
                                        companies for clearance of
                                        reusable and recyclable waste.
 Air Emissions                1.   Application of waste segregation        In case of             WB       general
 Emissions may include             and selection including removal of      incinerator flue gas   OHS and health
 exhaust from medical              the following items from waste          emission               care       waste
 waste incineration if this        destined      for      incineration:    EQS                    Management
 waste         management          halogenated plastics (e.g. PVC),                               Guidelines
                                                                           Onsite inspections
 option is selected by the         pressurized gas containers, large                              (Table 2.3) and
 facility. In addition, air        amounts of active chemical waste,                              EQS          for
                                   silver salts and photographic /                                Ambient      Air
 emissions may result
                                   radiographic waste, waste with high                            Quality
 from combustion related
                                   heavy metal content (e.g. broken                               Annexure 2
 to power generation. Air          thermometers, batteries), and sealed
 quality deterioration can         ampoules or ampoules containing
 take place by open                heavy metals.
 burning of the HCW. Of
 particular concern are       2.   With exception of designated sites
 dioxins      which     are        open disposal of hospital waste
                                   including infectious and biological
 produced by burning of
                                   in undesignated waste disposal sites
 the       plastic     and
                                   is strictly prohibited under section
 polyethylene products.            19 of environmental protection act.
 The        dioxins     are        The hospital waste has to be
 carcinogenic. Impact is           disposed at designated functioning
 High.                             sites using hospital’s waste disposal
                                   trucks (KP Health Department has
                                   budgeted development of Health
                                   Waste Management System all over
                                   the province).
                              3.   Awareness raising of the healthcare
                                   staff and public will be carried out




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 Potential Impacts              Proposed Mitigation Measures                 Monitoring        Compliance
                                                                             Parameters        Criteria
                                     regarding the hazards of dioxins and
                                     other toxic gases which are
                                     produced as a result of open burning
                                     and improper incineration.
 Waste Water                    1.   If wastewater is discharged to EQS for effluent           EQS for Effluent
 Improper            sewage          sanitary sewage treatment systems, Onsite inspections     WB general
 disposal at the healthcare          the HCF should ensure that                                OHS and health
 facility     can       also         wastewater characteristics are in                         care waste
 contaminate           water         compliance with all applicable                            Management
 resources. These include            permits, and that the municipal                           Guidelines
 direct burial of infectious         facility is capable of handling the                       (Table 2.3)
                                     type of effluent discharged.
 wastes within the facility
 premises, or at the            2.   In cases where waste water is not
 municipal             waste         discharged to sanitary sewage
 dumpling site if the                systems, HCF operators should
 healthcare     waste      is        ensure that waste water receives on-
 disposed along with the             site primary and secondary
 municipal waste. Open               treatment, in addition to chlorine
 burning of infectious               disinfection;
 waste can also potentially          These include lining the burial pit
 cause                 water         for    infectious   waste,    waste
 contamination.                      segregation and not sending the
 Chemicals used in health            infectious waste to municipal waste
 care establishments are a           dumping sites, and using appropriate
 potential source of water           disposal/treatment      arrangement
 pollution via the sewer             such as septic tank for sewage
 system.                             disposal.
                                     Chemical waste survey is a
                                     prerequisite to the development of
                                     an effective waste management
                                     program. Any hazardous chemical
                                     waste generated should be dealt with
                                     by a proper chemical waste
                                     management system. Substituting
                                     chemicals with lesser environmental
                                     and health impacts than those
                                     presently in use is a sound practice

 Resource Consumption           1.   Grid connectivity will be ensured Onsite inspections      Water,
 Increase       in     Water         and where the facility is not                             Electricity and
 /Electricity / Fuel /Sui gas        connected to Grid, solar panels will                      Fuel
 Consumption.                        be installed for the facility and                         Consumption
                                     necessary safeguard measures will
                                     be ensured e.g., trained electrician,
                                     distance from residential and urban
                                     places (budgeted in PC-1).
                                2.   Water conservation plan including
                                     reuse, recycle, and treatment will be
                                     developed for huge infrastructures
                                     in selected districts.
                                3.   Solar fans and High voltage
                                     rechargeable emergency lights will
                                     be installed at hospitals emergency
                                     area (could be covered as part of the
                                     infrastructure cost for RHC).



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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                              Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



 Potential Impacts          Proposed Mitigation Measures                  Monitoring          Compliance
                                                                          Parameters          Criteria
 Health Safety hazards
                            1.   Health and Safety Management Plan Incident reporting         EQS
 may affect health care
                                 will be prepared for the selected Accidents reporting        WB general
 providers, cleaning and
                                 health care facilities.                                      OHS and health
 maintenance personnel,
 and workers involved in    2.   Staff members will be trained on                             care waste
 waste management                various aspects of personal safety                           Management
 handling, treatment, and        and exposure. Visitors will be                               Guidelines
 disposal.                       provided information in the form of                          (Table 2.3)
 Specific hazards include        action photos and information
 the following:                  material in local language;
 â–ª Exposure to infections   3.   Personal hygiene trainings including
   and diseases                  hand washing and sanitizing will be
 â–ª Exposure to hazardous         given to the staff. Reference
   materials / waste             material on health safety hazards
                                 will be shared with patients and
 â–ª Exposure to radiation
                                 visitors in local language.
 â–ª Fire safety
                            4.   Use   of     personal  protective
                                 equipment    for staff will be
                                 mandatory
                            5.   Designated staff will be trained to
                                 handle the segregated waste by type
                                 and secure disposal of waste.
                            6.   Vaccination (hepatitis A and B and
                                 tetanus) of medical, administrative,
                                 janitorial and other working staff is
                                 compulsory.
 Public Grievance           Grievance redress mechanism             is GRM Register           GRM and WB
 /complaints                explained in following sections            Number of              GRM
                                                                       complaints
                                                                         Onsite inspections




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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                       Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa




        ESMF Implementation Arrangements

         Institutional setup
At the province level, the proposed project will be implemented by GoKP with the support of technical
assistance as required. The Department of Health will be responsible for overall implementation of
Component 1. The E&SED will have the responsibility of implementing Component 2. Both
departments will be responsible for implementation of Component 3 which is cross cutting. The
provincial Department of Communication and Works (C&W) will carry out civil works under the
project, however C&W is not an implementing agency for the project. Each Department will have the
support of a Project Management Unit (PMU) to help with planning of activities and reporting on
progress and fiduciary and safeguards related issues. Each PMU will be led a Project Director (PD) and
will be supported by the following technical assistance: procurement specialist, financial management
specialist, two accountants, monitoring and evaluation (M&E) specialist, environmental specialist,
social specialist, and communication specialist. The PMUs will be supported by the KP Shared Services
Unit. Special, where some of PMU experts may sit, and attention will be given to contract management,
as outsourcing of several activities is expected to take place.

Overall coordination and project oversight will be carried out by a Project Steering Committee (PSC),
led by the Additional Secretary Planning and Development and with representatives from the
Department of Finance, the Secretaries of Health and Education, and a representative of the
Commissioner for Afghan Refugees (CAR) in KP.90

At the district level, implementation for the education sector interventions will be coordinated by the
District Education Officers (DEO). However, implementation for specific interventions will be led by
district wings of relevant implementation agencies. For instance, for public private partnership
initiatives, all support for the districts including overall oversight will be provided by the E&SED itself
through its existing PMU for such initiatives. For Girls Community Schools, implementation at the
district level would be carried out by the Elementary and Secondary Education Foundation (E&SEF).
For all other interventions, the DEOs will lead the implementation. In the health sector, the District
Health Officers (DHO) will be the implementation lead for all activities. District level oversight will be
provided by Deputy Commissioners (DCs). Being the government lead in the district for primary
healthcare, the DHO will be well placed to both drive implementation and ensure effective coordination
with the department of health and the PMU91.

                      Figure 10.1. Summary of implementation arrangements



                                         Coordination and Oversight
                                         Project Steering Committee
                           Headed by Sec Finance and including Sec Education, Sec
                            Health, Rep from Commissioner for Afghan Refugees
                                                                                                                Shared
                                      Implementation and Monitoring                                          Services Unit
                                                                                                                 (SSU)
                     Health Dept. supported by PMU        Education Dept. supported by
                                and IMU                          PMU and IMU
                          District Health Team               District Education Team
                               led by DHO                             led by DEO




90
     PAD KPHCIP
91
     ibid




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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                          Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



The two PMUs (PMU- Education and PMU- Health) will be responsible for the following;

    •    Ensure annual work plans are prepared on time and approved by the PCC and concurred by the
         PSC;

    •    Ensure that implementation of the Project is in line with the project design (i.e., financing
         agreements, PAD and POM) and procedures and guidelines agreed;

    •    Support implementation of the project including coordination of various activities, facilitation
         of implementation, and communication to create awareness about the project;

    •    Ensure effective implementation and monitoring of social and environmental safeguards

    •    Identify any bottlenecks and mitigate them

    •    Monitor all project activities and report on progress;

    •    Carry out procurement activities and ensure maintenance of assets for implementing the project;

    •    Open and maintain Designated Accounts (DA), and carry out financial management of the
         project funds in accordance with the GoKP rules and regulations as well as the World Bank
         policies and procedures;

    •    Ensure that all administrative matters are managed in an effective manner to facilitate smooth
         functioning of the Project;

    •    Participate and represent the PMU in the PCC and PSC.

        Environmental and Social Safeguard (ESS) Management

For the implementation, monitoring and enforcement of the ESMF, overall responsibility rests with the
two PMUs established under the project in Health and Education departments GoKP. The Environment
Specialist and Social Specialist in the two PMUs respectively will provide necessary support during the
implementation of ESMF. The ESS specialists will be responsible for all ESS issues within the overall
ESMF and for ensuring that ESMF is operationalized at the field level through proper ESMPs. They
will develop the overall implementation schedule, develop the training manuals and provide training in
the PMU and the four districts to relevant staff, PTSMCs, construction contractors and the social
mobilization firm/NGO.

In addition, the ESS Specialists will be responsible for the following tasks;

    •    Develop quarterly ESS reports and analyze annual monitoring reports from the third party
         monitoring firm.

    •    All the ESMPs developed by project consultants will be reviewed by them to ensure that the
         correct procedures are followed and that ESMPs meet all necessary requirements.

    •    Coordinate with all stakeholders at the provincial and district levels for all ESMF related issues.

    •    Monitor sub-projects for the implementation of the ESMPs.

    •    Develop a system for regular community engagement.

    •    Effective implementation of the GRM.




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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                       Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



        Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) Preparation

Since the project sites are still to be confirmed, the ESMP is not part of this ESMF. Yet site specific
ESMPs would be necessary to spell out action plan that will be used to mitigate/minimize negative
impacts of the proposed projects and recommend mitigation measures, with monitoring and reporting
details. Site specific ESMPs will be prepared by consultants hired under the project. The ESMPs will
then be approved by the ESS Specialists. The consultants will also be responsible for selecting the sub-
project site, completing the ESS checklist, identifying potential adverse impacts and mitigation
measures and developing the environmental and social component of the ESMP.

        Capacity Building

The PC-1 has allocated specific capacity building provisions of the responsible staff at field level,
PMUs, PTSMCs and other stakeholders throughout the project lifecycle, to effectively implement this
ESMF. This will include finalizing the ESS training manual and holding training workshops. Training
modules will also be prepared for relevant staff members in community mobilization firms, key
community actors and contractors, which will be led by the ESS Specialists. As part of the capacity
building efforts, exposure visits abroad could also be organized in order to learn and benefit from the
experiences and achievements made by other programs. All ESS training materials will be available
into local languages in order to increase their comprehension by the target audience at various levels.
Various topics to be covered in ESS trainings include but are not limited to the following:

    •    Citizen Engagement

    •    Environment and Social Management Framework, including Policies, guidelines, procedures,
         and codes of practice,

    •    World Bank Safeguards Policies

    •    Relevant national and principal Laws and Policies

    •    Environmental Impact Assessment and Social Impact Assessment techniques, including
         Transect Walk. Screening, Scoping and Mitigations, Developing Abbreviated RAPs and strip
         plans.

    •    Development and Implementation Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures

    •    Environmental Monitoring and Evaluation

    •    Trainings on social safeguards including Land acquisition/land management, Conflict
         management, Public consultation, Participatory consultative techniques, Physical Cultural
         Resources, Policies, guidelines, procedures, and codes of practice

Detailed tentative list of trainings is provided in the Table 10.1 and 10.2 for health and education
components respectively.

        Monitoring & Evaluation

The overall responsibility for the enforcement of this ESMF rests with two PMUs. In order to ensure
compliance, the PMUs will be tasked with regularly monitoring the implementation of the ESMP during
the construction phase. The ESS specialists, two each in each PMU, will be responsible for all ESS
related monitoring activities during Project construction and operation. In addition, community
organizations, such as PTSMCs will be trained by ESS Specialists for effective community participatory
monitoring and will be encouraged to report on it. The ESS Specialists will also periodically conduct




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 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                   Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



 monitoring of subprojects as an overall overseeing function. The following table summarizes the overall
 ESS monitoring roles and responsibilities.

     Role           Responsibilities                                 Deliverable       Reporting       Frequency
                                                                                       line
     Third Party    1. Annual environmental compliance               Annual TPM        ESS             Yearly
     Monitoring     monitoring                                       ESS               Specialists
     Firm           2. Submit annual ESS compliance/monitoring       Compliance &      - PMU
                    reports to the ESS Specialist.                   Monitoring
                                                                     Report
     ESS            1. Sample based monitoring visits during         Development       PD - PMU        Quarterly &
     Specialist     construction and operation phases to ensure      of quarterly                      need based
                    compliance with ESMPs.                           project ESS
                    2 Development of internal monitoring reports.    report
                    3. Development of project’s own quarterly
                    ESS report (based on data and reports by their
                    own field visits)
     Project        1. Responsible for the overall ESMF              Review and        World           Quarterly &
     Directors      management and compliance.                       submission of     Bank     &      need based
                    2. Monitor site activities on sample basis.      quarterly         PSC
                    3. Review and submission of quarterly ESS        project ESS
                    report by ESS Specialists                        report

 The monitoring firm will have ESS experts and shall develop relevant practical indicators to enable
 effective monitoring. Environmental monitoring information, together with observations of project
 activities based on the ESMP, will be reported quarterly to the ESS Specialists as part of PMUs. This
 will include;

        â–ª   Safeguards implemented issues (VLD/land acquisition, ESMP),

        â–ª   Number of ESS trainings conducted with gender segregation,

        â–ª   Record of grievance applications and grievance redress dealt with

        â–ª   Monitoring data on environmental and social measures detailed in ESMPs

 The ESS Specialists will develop quarterly reports based on quarterly reports submitted by ESS
 monitoring firm and own monitoring and observations data.

                          Table 10.1: Capacity Building and Training Framework Health

      Training                                                                            Responis
                         Contents                                Total   Frequency                      Participants
      Module                                                                              bility
                         Objectives, need and use of ESMF;
                         Legal requirements management of
                         environmental and social issues and
                         mitigation strategies as per ESMF at                             HCWMS
      Environment
                         construction site;                                               ESS           PMU
      and Social
1.                       VLD Mechanism                               5   Annual           Specialist    construction
      Management
                                                                                          PMU           contractor
      Framework          RPF Principles/Requirements
                                                                                          Health
                         Monitoring Mechanism
                         Documentation and reporting
                         procedures.




 ESMF Implementation Arrangements                               Page | 159
      Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                     Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



                              ESMF with special focus on                                                  Helth
           District Level                                                     Biannual       HCWMS
                              mitigation measures during                                                  department
           E&S                construction stage;                             for 2 years    ESS          staff,
     2.    construction                                                 8     during         Specialist
                              Community and occupational Health                                           contractors
           specific                                                           constructio    PMU
                              and Safety , conflict resolution and                                        subcontractors
           trainings                                                          n              Health
                              gender sensitivity                                                          and field staff

           Provincial         HCWMF and ESMF
           Level Health       implementation;                                 Once in        HCWMS        PMU and
     3.    Care Waste         GRM                                       1     beginning      PMU          DHQ,BHU,R
           management         Community engagement;                           of project     Health       HC staff
           training           Mitigation approach
           District Level
                                                                                             HCWMS        DHQ,BHU,R
           E&S (Health)
                               HCWMF and HCWMP                                                            HC, DHC,
           hospital waste                                                     Once in        ESS
                              implementation;                                                             DHMT,
     4.    management                                                   4     each           Specialist   department
           and solid waste                                                    district       PMU          and district
           management                                                                        Health       staff
           training
           Capacity
           building on                                                                       HCWMS
           HCWM               HCWMF and HCWMP mitigation                      Once per
     5.                                                                 4                    PMU          RHC staff
           inclduing          approach                                        district
           infectious waste                                                                  Health
           at RHCs
                                                                              two times
           Capacity
                              HCWMF and HCWMP                                 during         HCWMS
           building
                              implementation                                  project                     DHQ,BHU,R
     6.    hospital waste                                               8                    PMU
                                                                              period (2                   HC staff
           management at                                                                     Health
                                                                              clusters per
           BHUs
                                                                              district)
           Material on        Booklets and panaflex
           waste                                                              Resource       PMU
     7.                                                                100
           management                                                         persons        Helath
           protocols                                                                                      DHQ,BHU,R
           Communication                                                                                  HC,MNCH,
           and awarness                                                                                   MCH
                                                                              Resource       PIMU
     8.    material for       booklets /panaflex                       100
                                                                              persons        Health
           healthcare
           panaflx e




                              Table 10.2: Capacity Building and Training Framework Education

          Training            Contents                                                       Responis
                                                                     Total    Frequency                   Participants
          Module                                                                             bility
                              Objectives, need and use of ESMF;                              E&S          PMU Education
          ESMF Training
1.                            Legal requirements Management of         5      Annual         Safeguard    and field
          for PMU staff
                              environmental and social issues and                            Specialist   faciltators



      ESMF Implementation Arrangements                               Page | 160
     Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                                    Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



                          mitigation strategies as per ESMF at
                          construction site;
                          VLD Mechanissm
                          RFP Mechanisam
                          Monitoring Mechanism
                          Documentation and reporting
                          procedures.

      Provincial Level    ESMF implementation;                                            E&S
2.    E&S safeguard       Community engagement;                    5      Annual          Safeguard    SED district staff
      trainings           Mitigation approach                                             Specialist

      District Level      ESMF implementation;                                            E&S
3.    E&S safeguard       Community engagement;                    5      Annual          Safeguard    SED district staff
      trainings           Mitigation approach                                             Specialist

                          ESMF with special focus on
                          mitigation measures during                                                   department staff,
      Construction
                          construction stage;                             Once in         E&S          contruction
      specific District
4.                                                                 4      each            Safeguard    contractors
      Level E&S           Community and occupational Health               district        Specialist   subcontractors
      trainings           and Safety , conflict resolution and                                         and field staff
                          gender sensitivity
      Training on         Nurtrion promotion, enviroment,
      nutrition,          health and hygiene, plantation, and
      environemnt,        DRR                                             Once in
                                                                                          Resource        SED staff ,
5.    clean up                                                     4      each
                                                                                          persons      students, teachers
      campaigns for                                                       district
      schools, WASH
      and DRR
      Communication
      and awarness
                                                                          during
      material for                                                                        PMU          SED and selected
6.                                                                100     project
      education                                                                           Education        schools
                                                                          period
      facilities
      communities




     ESMF Implementation Arrangements                            Page | 161
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                        Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa




     Citizen Engagement
As noted earlier, Component 3: Strengthening community engagement and accountability will support
community-based awareness raising activities/interventions and the Project GRM. The Project will
develop a comprehensive citizen engagement strategy under Component 3 early in the project
preparation focusing on a two-way communication channel between project users, concerned citizens
and the government. The channel will allow the government to raise awareness, increase access,
increase utilization and will also provide the communities (both refugees and host) an informed say in
the decisions and thus help improve the development outcomes of the project. The CE Strategy will,
for example, support Parent Teacher Councils and the creation and running of an education hotline for
parents and communities both for grievance redress and to learn more about E&SED’s work.

Citizen engagement is based on interaction and dialogue between government and citizens in the four
districts. While initial stakeholder consultations have been undertaken for the development of this
documents, it is anticipated that the process will be continued and further enhanced throughout project
implementation to facilitate learning and feedback and smooth adjustments to sub projects as necessary.
Key elements of citizen engagement within KPHCIP include community mobilization, awareness
campaigns, stakeholder consultations and feedback and the effective implementation of a Grievance
Redress Mechanism.

        Stakeholder Consultation and Participation

In order to ensure that target communities are made aware of the planned project, have the opportunity
to comment on it and reduce possible misinformation about proposed activities, it is vital that a
communication strategy is put in place early in the project’s preparation. As a first step, KPHCIP will
develop a communications strategy for effective communication, awareness and citizens’ engagement.

Its key objectives are to:

    •    Provide relevant and up-to-date information to affected communities about the project through
         appropriate communication channels

    •    Facilitate a meaningful two-way exchange of information with different groups of stakeholders
         throughout the lifetime of the project

    •    Build trust between project staff and communities and promoting collaboration among all
         stakeholders.

    •    Facilitate collaborative relationships with local and national government departments and other
         development agencies

The two PMUs will be responsible for the effective implementation of the strategy. The PMU
Communications Specialist, with assistance from the environment and social specialists, will assess
community and other stakeholders’ access to and use of communication means and explore how the
most appropriate means and channels might be used to raise awareness of the project. Some of the key
tasks for effective awareness raising and communication to be handled by the Communications
Specialist will be:

    •    Preparation and translation into local languages (Urdu, Pashto and Hindko) of relevant and
         clear information on environment and social issues.

    •    Distribution of easily understandable information to all affected communities




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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                         Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



    •    KPHCIP will identify ways in which different groups within communities, particularly poor
         and vulnerable groups, receive and communicate information (e.g. via village meetings,
         mosque, existing community organization, civil society organizations) and will make use of
         these channels to convey and receive information, consult and hold dialogues with the different
         groups through the life of the project.

Some of the methods of consultation and citizen engagement will include, but not be limited to:

    •    Conduct annual User Satisfaction Surveys, in both refugee and host communities, about the
         quality of health and education services in their districts;

    •    Focus group discussions with refugee and host communities to collect views and opinions as
         client of the two services.

    •    Household consultations – discussions with the same household before, during and after Project
         implementation / construction, to establish level of compliance versus impact;

    •    Investigate grievances reported to project level GRM and during community discussions;

        Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM)

The GRM is an institutional arrangement to provide an avenue to Project stakeholders to address
grievances related to the Project. KPHCIP defines grievance: as any formal communication that
expresses dissatisfaction about an action or lack of action, about the standard of service, works or
policy, deficiency of service, works or policy of the project management and its implementation
mechanism. The GRM is directly linked to the transparent implementation of ESMF and RPF (and
corresponding ESMPs and RAPs when developed). A key objective of the GRM is to establish
procedures for filing any grievances or concerns about social and environment safeguards and other
service delivery and entitlement issues arising from the Project. A complainant can be a community
member, a community organization or a non-government organization or any other individual or body.

For KPHCIP a complaints mechanism will be developed; and the complaints will be forwarded to the
respective PMUs, to ensure that the people affected by project activities are able to lodge complaints or
share their concerns without cost, with the assurance of a timely and satisfactory resolution of the issue.
The same was also responded/suggested in the stakeholder consultations. The procedure also ensures
that the system will be accessible to all intended beneficiaries of the project.

All information about grievance procedures, grievance forms, and responses will be available in
languages readily understandable to the local population, for example Urdu, Pashto and Hindko.

        Objectives of Grievance Redress Mechanism

Effective grievance/complaint redress mechanism gives an opportunity to the project to implement a
set of specific measures to ensure good governance and accountability, by improving the effectiveness
of the project activities, increasing transparency and managing/mitigating risks of fraud and corruption.
It includes measures to:

    •    Ensure effective implementation of the project elements directly relevant to improving
         governance and accountability,

    •    Guard against and reduce fiduciary risks, especially those of fraud and corruption,

    •    Enable beneficiary and general citizen to receive and provide information about the project
         transactions and performance,




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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                     Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



    •    Safeguard the credibility of implementing agencies

        Grievance Redress Mechanism for KPHCIP

As mentioned above, a Grievance Redress Mechanism will be set up separately for health and education
departments. The final GRM institutional set-up will be determined after project components and
institutional arrangements are finalized, so as to ensure the GRM is responsive to project affected
communities and end users. A tentative proposed GRM structure is attached as Annexure 12.




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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                        Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa




       Implementation Budget
Approximate implementation cost of ESMF is given as Table 11.1. Most environmental and social
safeguards identified in the ESMF will be the responsibility of contractor and has to be included in bid
document. Few mitigation measures would require additional budget to be included in PC 1 document.

                         Table 12.1: ESMF Implementation Budget for Five Years

                                                                        Unit Rate
 #      Description                       Unit              Quantity                       Total PKR
                                                                        PKR/comment
 Construction related mitigation Budget (health)
                                          No. of BHUs
        Building design measures                                        Covered in
                                          (156)
 1.     (upgadation)                                        169         infrastructure               0
                                          No. of RHCs                   budget
        (contractor)
                                          (13)

        Water conservation                                              Covered in
                                          No. of HC
 2.                                                         169         infrastructure               0
        (contractor)                      facilities
                                                                        budget
        Construction waste                                              Covered in
        management                        No. of HC
 3.                                                         169         infrastructure               0
                                          facilities
        (contractor)                                                    budget

        Wastewater management                                           Covered in
                                          No. of HC
 4.                                                         169         infrastructure               0
        (contractor)                      facilities
                                                                        budget

        Construction waste disposal                                     Covered in
                                          No. of HC
 5.                                                         169         infrastructure               0
        (contractor)                      facilities
                                                                        budget
 Construction related mitigation Budget (Education)

        Building design measures                                        Covered in
 6.                                       No. of schools    280         infrastructure               0
        (contractor)                                                    budget

        Water conservation                                              Covered in
 7.                                       No. of schools    280         infrastructure               0
        (contractor)                                                    budget
        Construction waste                                              Covered in
 8.     management                        No. of schools    280         infrastructure               0
        (contractor)                                                    budget

        Wastewater management                                           Covered in
 9.                                       No. of schools    280         infrastructure               0
        (contractor)                                                    budget

        Construction waste disposal                                     Covered in
 10.                                      No. of schools    280         infrastructure               0
        (contractor)                                                    budget




Implementation Budget                                      Page | 165
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                   Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



  Operations related Mitigation Budget
        Hospital PPEs
                                                                   Covered in
        (Is covered under the                                      Hospital
  11.   “Medicines, commodities and        Number      TBE
                                                                   supplies
                                                                                               0
        supplies for all HFs in the                                budget
        cluster� line item)
        Hopital waste management–
        miscellaneous items(extra bags                             Covered in
        for non- sharp medical waste,
                                                                   Hospital
  12.   safety boxes for sharps, extra     Number      TBE                                      0
        staff needed for managing the
                                                                   supplies
        waste and transport, short-term                            budget
        training, etc)

        Waste Bins
                                                                   Covered in
        (Is covered under the                                      Hospital
  13.   “Medicines, commodities and        Number      TBE
                                                                   supplies
                                                                                               0
        supplies for all HFs in the                                budget
        cluster� line item)
        Hospital waste diposal
        equipment (tolleys)                                        Covered in
        (Is covered under the                                      Hospital
  14.                                      Number      TBE                                     0
        “Medicines, commodities and                                supplies
        supplies for all HFs in the                                budget
        cluster� line item)
        Drinking water WHO testing                                 Covered in
  15.   (Will be part of the               Number      5           infrastructure              0
        construction budget)                                       budget

                                                                   Covered in
  16.   Tree Plantation                    Number      TBE         infrastructure              0
                                                                   budget
                                                                   Covered in
        Emergency fire extinguisers
  17.                                      Number      169         infrastructure              0
        /alarms
                                                                   budget
  Trainings (Health)
        ESMF Training for PMU staff
                                           Training
  18.   (including materials, logistics,               5           100,000               500,000
                                           Sessions
        venue)
        District Level E&S
        construction specific trainings
                                           Training
  19.   for department staff,                          8           100,000               800,000
                                           Sessions
        contractors subcontractors
        and field staff
        Provincial Level Health Care       Taining
  20.                                                  1           100,000               100,000
        Waste management training          sessions




Implementation Budget                                 Page | 166
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project
                                                                       Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



        District Level E&S (Health)
        trainings for department staff,
                                           Training
  21.   Field staff and technical                          4               50,000            200,000
                                           Sessions
        resource persons on
        hpospiatal wast manegment
        Capacity building waste            Training
  22.                                                      4               50,000            200,000
        management at RHCs                 Sessions
        Capacity building hospital         Training
  23.                                                      8               20,000            200,000
        waste management at BHUs           Sessions
  Trainings (Education)
        ESMF Training for PMU staff
                                           Training
  24.   (including materials, logistics,                   5               100,000           500,000
                                           Sessions
        venue)
        District Level E&S
        construction specific trainings
                                           Training
  25.   for department staff,                              5               100,000           500,000
                                           Sessions
        contractors subcontractors
        and field staff
                                           Taining
  26.   Provincial Level Trainings                         5               100,000           500,000
                                           sessions
        District Level PTSCMCs             Training
  27.                                                      16              50,000            800,000
        Trainings                          Sessions
  Awareness raising material
                                                                       To be covered
                                                                       in the
        Material on waste                  Booklets and
  28.                                                      500         communicatio                0
        management protocols               penaflix
                                                                       ns & awarness
                                                                       firm contract
        Communication and awarness         booklets
  29.                                                      100         As above                    0
        material for healthcare            /penflix
        Communication and awarness         booklets
  30.                                                      100         As above                    0
        material for healthcare            /penflix
  Staff (Shared Services Unit for Education and Health components)
                                                                       (Estimated by
                                                                       AiD as
                                                                       personnel cost
  31.   Environment –Specialists           Months          60          is not given in     7,326,120
                                                                       PC-1 will be
                                                                       budgeted in
                                                                       the PAD)
                                                                       (Estimated by
                                                                       AiD as
                                                                       personnel cost
  32.   Social Specialists                 Months          60          is not given in     7,326,120
                                                                       PC-1 will be
                                                                       budgeted in
                                                                       the PAD)




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                                                                   (Estimated by
                                                                   AiD as
                                                                   personnel cost
  33.   Communication Specialists         Months       60          is not given in     7,326,120
                                                                   PC-1 will be
                                                                   budgeted in
                                                                   the PAD)
                                                                   Covered under
                                                                   the Third
        Third Party Validation TPV/
  34.                                     Reports                  Party                       0
        Monitoring
                                                                   Monitoring
                                                                   Contracts
                                                                   Covered in
        External Monitors (TPV                                     head “PMU,
  35.                                                                                          0
        contract)                                                  Third Pary
                                                                   Monitoring…)
        Air, Noise & Water Testing
  36.                                     Tests        20          50,000              1,000,000
        (Bi-annual in 4 districts)
        Total                                                                         27,278,360




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                                                                       Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa




      Disclosure
Once finalized and cleared by GoKP and the World Bank this ESMF will be disclosed on the websites
of GoKP and on the World Bank Image Bank. Hard copies of these documents will also be shared with
the KP EPA, project stakeholders, contractors, Civil Society Organizations etc. A copy of this document
will be placed in the Project Management Unit (PMU), P&DD for public access. The Urdu translation
of the Executive Summary of these documents will also be distributed to relevant stakeholders,
especially to the beneficiary communities in the project areas. The purpose will be to inform them about
the project activities, negative environmental and social impacts expected from the project and proposed
mitigation measures.

The executive summary of the RAP (if prepared for any sub-project) will be translated in the local
language which is understandable to all project affected persons and local community and will be made
available to all Project Affected Persons (PAPs) as well.

The PMUs will keep the PAPs informed about the impacts and entitlement of compensation and
facilitate in addressing grievance (s). The ESMF study team has made an endeavor to hold consultative
and scoping sessions with these stakeholders to bring forth their views on the proposed Project, inter-
alia, their opinions, suggestions and understanding on various issues and concerns (see chapter 5).




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                                                                         Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa




     Annexures

  Annexure 1: IEE/EIA Regulations


IEE/EIA Regulation 2000

SCHEDULE I

(See Regulation 3)

List of projects requiring an IEE

    A. Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries

1. Poultry, livestock, stud and fish farms with total cost more than Rs.10 million

2. Projects involving repacking, formulation or warehousing of agricultural products

    B. Energy

3. Hydroelectric power generation less than 50 MW

4. Thermal power generation less than 200 KW

5. Transmission lines less than 11 KV, and large distribution projects

6. Oil and gas transmission systems

7. Oil and gas extraction projects including exploration, production, gathering systems, separation and
   storage

8. Waste-to-energy generation projects

    C. Manufacturing and processing

9. Ceramics and glass units with total cost more than Rs.50 million

10. Food processing industries including sugar mills, beverages, milk and dairy products, with total
    cost less than Rs.100 million

11. Man-made fibres and resin projects with total cost less than Rs.100 million

12. Manufacturing of apparel, including dyeing and printing, with total cost more than Rs.25 million

13. Wood products with total cost more than Rs.25 million

    D. Mining and mineral processing

14. Commercial extraction of sand, gravel, limestone, clay, Sulphur and other minerals not included in
    Schedule II with total cost less than Rs.100 million



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15. Crushing, grinding and separation processes Rs. 9 million

16. Smelting plants with total cost less than Rs.50 million

    E. Transport

17. Federal or Provincial highways (except maintenance, rebuilding or reconstruction of existing
    metaled roads) with total cost less than Rs.50 million

18. Ports and harbour development for ships less than 500 gross tons

    F. Water management, dams, irrigation and flood protection

19. Dams and reservoirs with storage volume less than 50 million cubic meters of surface area less than
    8 square kilometres

20. Irrigation and drainage projects serving less than 15,000 hectares

21. Small-scale irrigation systems with total cost less than Rs.50 million

    G. Water supply and treatment

22. Water supply schemes and treatment plants with total cost less than Rs.25 million

    H. Waste disposal

23. Waste disposal facility for domestic or industrial wastes, with annual capacity less than 10,000
    cubic meters

    I. Urban development and tourism

24. Housing schemes

25. Public facilities with significant off-site impacts (e.g. hospital wastes)

26. Urban development projects

    J. Other projects

27. Any other project for which filing of an IEE is required by the Federal Agency under sub-regulation
    (2) of Regulation 5




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SCHEDULE II

(See Regulation 4) List of projects requiring an EIA

    A .Energy

        1. Hydroelectric power generation over 50 MW
        2. Thermal power generation over 200 MW
        3. Transmission lines (11 KV and above) and grid stations
        4. Nuclear power plans
        5. Petroleum refineries

    B. Manufacturing and processing

        6. Cement plants
        7. Chemicals projects
        8. Fertilizer plants
        9. Food processing industries including sugar mills, beverages, milk and dairy products, with
           total cost of Rs.100 million and above
        10. Industrial estates (including export processing zones)
        11. Man-made fibres and resin projects with total cost of Rs.100 M and above
        12. Pesticides (manufacture or formulation)
        13. Petrochemicals complex
        14. Synthetic resins, plastics and man-made fibres, paper and paperboard, paper pulping,
            plastic products, textiles (except apparel), printing and publishing, paints and dyes, oils and
            fats and vegetable ghee projects, with total cost more than Rs.10 million
        15. Tanning and leather finishing projects

C. Mining and mineral processing

        16. Mining and processing of coal, gold, copper, sulphur and precious stones
        17. Mining and processing of major non-ferrous metals, iron and steel rolling
        18. Smelting plants with total cost of Rs.50 million and above

D .Transport

        19. Airports
        20. Federal or Provincial highways or major roads (except maintenance, rebuilding or
            reconstruction of existing roads) with total cost of Rs.50 million and above
        21. Ports and harbour development for ships of 500 gross tons and above
        22. Railway works

E .Water management, dams, irrigation and flood protection




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        23. Dams and reservoirs with storage volume of 50 million cubic meters and above or surface
            area of 8 square kilometres and above
        24. Irrigation and drainage projects serving 15,000 hectares and above
        25. Water supply and treatment Water supply schemes and treatment plants with total cost of
            Rs.25 million and above

F .Waste Disposal

        26. Waste disposal and/or storage of hazardous or toxic wastes (including landfill sites,
            incineration of hospital toxic waste)
        27. Waste disposal facilities for domestic or industrial wastes, with annual capacity more than
            10,000 cubic meters

G. Urban development and tourism

        28. Land use studies and urban plans (large cities)
        29. Large-scale tourism development projects with total cost more than Rs.50 million

H. Environmentally Sensitive Areas

        30. All projects situated in environmentally sensitive areas


I other projects

        31. Any other project for which filing of an EIA is required by the Federal Agency under sub-
            regulation (2) of Regulation 5.
        32. Any other project likely to cause an adverse environmental effect




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     Annexure 2: National EQS for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Table 1: Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) 2000 for Effluent Discharge

#.    PARAMETERS                                                        EQS
1     Temperature                                                       40 OC =≤3 deg.
2     pH                                                                6–9
3     BOD5                                                              80 mg/l
4     Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)                                      150 mg/l
5     Total Suspended Solid (TSS)                                       200 mg/l
6     Total Dissolved Solids                                            3500 mg/l
7     Grease and Oil                                                    10 mg/l
8     Phenolic compounds (as phenol)                                    0.1 mg/l
9     Ammonia                                                           40 mg/l
10 Chlorine                                                             1.0 mg/l
11 Chloride                                                             1000.0 mg/l
12 Sulphate                                                             600 mg/l
13 Manganese                                                            1.5 mg/l
14 Fluoride                                                             10 mg/l
15 Cyanide (as CN’) total                                               1.0 mg/l
16 An-ionic detergents (as MB As)                                       20 mg/l
17 Sulphide (S-2)                                                       1.0 mg/l
18 Pesticides                                                           0.15 mg/l
19 Cadmium                                                              0.1 mg/l
20 Chromium trivalent and hexavalent                                    1.0 mg/l
21 Copper                                                               1.0 mg/l
22 Lead                                                                 0.5 mg/l
23 Mercury                                                              0.01 mg/l
24 Selenium                                                             0.5 mg/l
25 Nickel                                                               1.0 mg/l
26 Silver                                                               1.0 mg/l
27 Total Toxic metals                                                   2.0 mg/l
28 Zinc                                                                 5.0 mg/l
29 Arsenic                                                              1.0 mg/l
30 Barium                                                               1.5 mg/l
31 Iron                                                                 8.0 mg/l
32 Boron                                                                6.0 mg/l




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       Table 2: EQS for Gaseous Emission (mg/Nm3, Unless Otherwise Defined)

#           Parameter              Source of Emission                     Existing Standards    Revised Standards
                                                                          40% or 2 Ringlemann40% or 2 Ringlemann
                                                                          Scale              Scale or equivalent
1.          Smoke                  Smoke Opacity not to exceed
                                                                                             smoke number
                                   (a) Boilers and Furnaces
                                   Oilfired
                                   Coalfired                              300                   300
                                   CementKilns                            500                   500
            Particulate   Matter
            (I)                                                           200                   200
2.
                                   (b) Grinding, crushing, clinker coolers
                                   and Related processes, Metallurgical
                                   Processes, converter, blast furnaces    500                  500
                                   and cupolas.
3.          Hydrogen Chloride Any                                         400                   400

4.          Chlorine               Any                                    150                   150
5.          Hydrogen Fluoride Any                                         150                   150
6.          Hydrogen Sulphide Any                                         10                    10

                                  Sulfuric acid/ Sulphonic acid plants
7.          Sulphur Oxide (2) (3) Other plants except power plants400                           1700
                                  operating on oil and coal


8.          Carbon Monoxide Any                                           800                   800
9.          Lead                   Any                                    50                    50
10.         Mercury                Any                                    10                    10
11.         Cadmium                Any                                    20                    20
12.         Arsenic                Any                                    20                    20
13.         Copper                 Any                                    50                    50
14.         Antimony               Any                                    20                    20
15.         Zinc                   Any                                    200                   200
                              Nitric acid manufacturing unit. Other
                              plants except power plants operating on
16.
                              oil or coal:
            Oxides of NitrogenGas fired
            (3)
                              Oil fired Coal fired                    400                       400
                                                                      -                         600
                                                                      -                         1200
    Explanations:
       1.   Based on the assumption that the size of the particulate is 10 micron or more.


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        2.     Based on 1 percent sulphur content in fuel. Higher content of Sulphur will case standards to bepro-rated.
        3.     In respect of emissions of sulphur dioxide Nitrogen oxides, the power plants operating on oil and coal as
               fuel shall in addition to Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) specified above, comply with the
               following standards.
             Table 3: EQS, 2009 for Vehicular Emission

#             Parameter          Standard (Maximum permissible Measuring Method                             Applicability
                                 Limit)

                                 40% or 2 on the Ringlemann To be compared with Ringlemann
                                 Scale       during   engine Chart at a distance of 6 meters or more
1             Smoke              acceleration                                                        Immediate effect
                                 mode.
2             Carbon        6%                                     Under idling condition: Non-dispersive
              Monoxide (CO)                                        infrared detection through gas
                                                                   analyzer.
3             Noise              85 dB(A)                          Sound Meter at 7.5 meters from the
                                                                   source

                Table 4: EQS, 2010 for Noise
                                              Effective from 1st July, 2010            Effective from 1st July, 2013
#
                                              Limit in dB (A) Leq*
              Category of Area / Zone
                                              Daytime         Night-time               Daytime         Night-time
1             Residential Area (A)            65              50                       55              45
2             Commercial Area (B)             70              60                       65              55

3             Industrial Area (C)             80              75                       75              65
4             Silence Zone (D)                55              45                       50              45
    Note:
        1.     Daytime hours: 6:00 a.m. to 10:00p.m.
        2.     Night-time hours: 10:00 p.m. to 6:00a.m.
        3.     Silence Zone: Zones which are declared as such by the competent authority. An area comprising not less
               than 100 meters round hospitals, educational institutions and courts.
        4.     Mixedcategoriesofareasmaybedecidedasoneofthefourabovementionedcategoriesbythecompetentauthority.
    *dB (A) Leq: Time weighted average of the level of sound in scale “A� which is relatable to human hearing .




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    Table 5: EQS 2010 for Drinking Water
#     Properties/Parameters                 Standard Values for WHO Standards                  Remarks
                                            Pakistan

BACTERIAL
      All water is intended for drinking
1     (E.Coli or Thermotolerant Coliform Must not be detectable in Must not be detectable in Most Asian Countries also
      bacteria)                          any 100ml sample          any 100ml sample          follow WHO Standards

      Treated water entering the distribution
2     system (E.Coli or Thermotolerant Must not be detectable in Must not be detectable in Most Asian Countries also
      Coliform and                            any 100ml sample   any 100ml sample          follow WHO Standards
      total Coliform bacteria)

      Treated water entering the distribution Must not be detectable in Must not be detectable in Most Asian Countries also
      system (E.Coli or Thermo tolerant any 100ml sample. In any 100ml sample. In follow WHO Standards
      Coliform and total Coliform bacteria) case of large supplies, case of large supplies,
                                              where sufficient samples where sufficient samples
                                              are examined, must not are examined, must not
                                              be present in 95% of the be present in 95% of the
3                                             samples            taken samples taken throughout
                                              throughout any 12-month any 12- month period.
                                              period.




PHYSICAL
4     Colour                                ≤15 TCU                  ≤15 TCU
5     Taste                                 Non      Objectionable/ Non       Objectionable/
                                            Acceptable              Acceptable


6     Dour                                  Non Objectionable/       Non Objectionable/
                                            Acceptable               Acceptable


7     Turbidity                             <5 NTU                   <5 NTU
8     Total hardness as CaCO3               <500mg/l                 ---
9     TDS                                   <1000                    <1000
10    pH                                    6.5-8.5                  6.5-8.5
RADIOACTIVE
11    Alpha Emitters bq/L or pCi            0.1                      0.1
12    Beta Emitters                         01                       01
CHEMICAL
Essential Inorganics                        mg/litre                 mg/litre

13    Aluminum (Al) mg/l                    ≤0.2                     0.02
14    Antimony (Sb)                         ≤0.005                   0.02


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#    Properties/Parameters             Standard Values for WHO Standards              Remarks
                                       Pakistan

                                                                                      Standard for Pakistan similar
15   Arsenic (As)                      ≤0.05                   0.01                   to most Asian developing
                                                                                      Countries

16   Barium (Ba)                       0.7                     0.7
17   Boron (B)                         0.3                     0.3
18   Cadmium (Cd)                                                                     Standard for Pakistan similar
                                       0.01                    0.003                  to most Asian developing
                                                                                      Countries

19   Chloride (Cl)                     <250                    250
20   Chromium (Cr)                     ≤0.05                   0.05
21   Copper (Cu)                       2                       2
Toxic Inorganics                       mg/litre                mg/litre

                                                                                      Standard for Pakistan similar
22   Cyanide (CN)                      ≤0.05                   0.07                   to most Asian
                                                                                      developing Countries
23   Fluoride (F)                      ≤1.5                    1.5
                                                                                      Standard for Pakistan
24   Lead (Pb)                         ≤0.05                   0.01                   similar to most Asian
                                                                                      developing Countries
25   Manganese (Mn)                    ≤0.5                    0.5
26   Mercury (Hg)                      ≤0.001                  0.001
27   Nickel (Ni)                       ≤0.02                   0.02
28   Nitrate (NO3)                     ≤50                     50
29   Nitrite (NO2)                     ≤3                      3
30   Selenium (Se)                     0.01                    0.01
31   Residual Chlorine                 0.2-0.5 at consumer end ---
                                       0.5-1.5 at source
                                                                                      Standard for Pakistan similar
32   Zinc (Zn)                         5.0                     3                      to most Asian
                                                                                      developing Countries
Organics
                                                               PSQCA No. 4629-
     Pesticides mg/L                                           2004, Page No.4,
33                                     ---                     Table No. 3, Serial No. Annex-II
                                                               20-58 may be
                                                               consulted
34   Phenolic Compounds (as Phenols) ---                       ≤0.002
     mg/L




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#    Properties/Parameters              Standard Values for WHO Standards                Remarks
                                        Pakistan

35   Poly nuclear aromatic                                     0.01 (By GC/MS
     hydrocarbons (as PAH) g/L                                 method)
***PSQCA: Pakistan Standards Quality Control Authority


Table 6: EQS 2010 for Ambient Air

Pollutants           Time-weighted       Concentration in Ambient Air                   Method of Measurement
                     average
                                         Effective from    1st Effective   from   1st
                                         July 2010             January 2013
Sulphur      Dioxide Annual Average*     80µg/m3              80µg/ m3                  Ultraviolet   Fluorescence
(SO2)                                                                                   Method
                     24 hours**          120µg/m3             120µg/m3
Oxides of Nitrogen Annual Average*       40µg/m3              40µg/m3                   Gas               Phase
as (NO)                                                                                 Chemiluminescence
                   24 hours**            40µg/m3              40µg/m3
Oxides of         Annual Average*        40µg/m3              40µg/m3                   Gas               Phase
Nitrogen as (NO2) 24 hours**                                                            Chemiluminescence
                                         80µg/m3              80µg/m3
Ozone (O3)           1 hour              180µg/m3             130µg/m3                  Non       disperse      UV
                                                                                        absorption method
Suspended                                400µg/m3                                       High Volume Sampling,
Particulate Matter   Annual Average*                          360µg/m3                  (Average flow rate not less
(SPM)                                                                                   than 1.1m3/minute)




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  Annexure 3: Matrix on Key Provincial Departments and their Assigned Responsibilities

 Provincial Institution                               Responsibilities and Functions Assigned
                                 •   Financial Management functions including budgets (both provincial & district),
 1.    Directorate of
                                     accounts, internal and external audit of accounts.
       Elementary and
       Secondary Education       •   Human resource development functions comprising recruitment (provincial
       (DESE)                        cadre posts), personnel database, posting, transfer, promotion & grant of leave.
                                 •   In-service training.
                                 •   Performance evaluation.
                                 •   Preparation of seniority List (provincial cadre posts)
                                 •   Preparation of Provincial Development plan (5/10 years).
                                 •   Consolidation of district development plans.
                                 •   Preparation of concept paper/feasibility reports for projects.
                                 •   Preparation, monitoring and coordination of foreign aided projects.
                                 •   Preparation & processing of PC-1 for approval of DDWP/ ECNEC
                                 •   Literacy & Non-formal Education.
                                 •   Physical Education (scouts- Girls guide- Tournaments)
                                 •   Managing functions at District Education Office level

 2.    Provincial Institute of   •   Conduct and test innovative Pre-Service & In-Service teacher training programs
       Teachers Education        •   Training of Master Trainers.
       (PITE)                    •   Monitor and assess teachers training programs.
                                 •   Design and conduct research in teacher education, evaluation and assessment.
                                 •   Develop training materials, etc.
                                 •   Serve as a Provincial Resource Center in education trainings.
                                 •   Coordinate educational training programs in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
                                 •   Organize and Conduct educational workshops/seminars as and when required by
                                     the Department.
                                 •   Supervise & facilitate bridging Courses for teachers to equate Diploma in
                                     Education/ADE.
                                 •   Design and maintain Teacher Education Management Information System
                                     (TEMIS).

 3.    Directorate of            •   Achieving excellence in elementary and secondary teacher education by
       Curriculum and                producing professionally sound and value-oriented teachers for quality
       Teachers Education            education in the province.
       (DCTE)                    •   Undertake all academic, teacher education, curriculum development and
                                     research assignments with the aim to meet the highest national and international
                                     standards.

 4.    Education                 •   Providing information to all users to enable these users to conduct their different
       Management                    tasks more efficiently
       Information System        •   Enabling decision-makers to take better decisions and justifying them, based on
       (EMIS)                        concrete information
                                 •   Enabling planning and policy development to address objectively identified
                                     issues, set quantified targets, and realistically estimate the resources required for
                                     implementing plans and policies
                                 •   Contributing to improving the efficiency of day-to-day operations of the
                                     education system by providing relevant and reliable information
                                 •   Support efficient monitoring of attainment of the stated education goals, by
                                     providing complete, reliable and timely data.
                                 •   Support planning, decision making, supervision and management to:


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                                                        o     Facilitate the efficient direction of resources to the needy areas and
                                                              eliminate/minimize wastage.
                                                        o     Accurate and reliable information
                                                        o     Diagnosis of weaknesses and strengths
                                                        o     Identification and Selection of priorities areas
                                                        o     Resource allocation



     5.     Education Sector                   •     Reforms in Policy Development, Planning Coordination, Monitoring and
            Reforms Unit (ESRU)                      Evaluation of various programs under implementation in the Elementary &
                                                     Secondary Education Department.
                                               •     Monitor implementation of Education Sector Reforms in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
                                               •     Effective monitoring of distribution of free textbooks, the stipend program for
                                                     girls, teacher’s attendance and reforms under implementation.
                                               •     Monitoring of Training and re-organization of PTCs. Ensure monitoring of
                                                     PTCs funds.
                                               •     To ensure that the development funds placed at the disposal of the PTCs for
                                                     provision of missing facilities and construction of classroom are being
                                                     effectively utilized.
                                               •     Collection and Analysis of Data from Education Management Information
                                                     System (EMIS) for Planning, Monitoring & Evaluation purpose.
                                               •     Reforms in Boards.
                                               •     Reforms in Training Institutions.

     6.     Independent                        •     Responsible for ensuring that data for all key performance indicators are
            Monitoring Unit                          collected regularly on monthly basis and uploaded using Smartphone.
            (IMU)                              •     Provide Elementary & Secondary Education Department and its development
                                                     partners with a viable means of ensuring that education sector reforms are
                                                     efficiently developed and effectively implemented.
                                               •     Support the establishment of performance monitoring mechanisms.
                                               •     Increase public awareness of the status of school facilities and infrastructure and
                                                     the level of education service delivery in the province, district and the school
                                                     level.
                                               •     Provide access to information on key indicators to increase social accountability.
                                               •     Increase social accountability to improve governance, service delivery
                                                     outcomes, planning and resource allocations to the sector

     7.     Elementary Education               •     To take all such measures as it deems necessary for the promotion, improvement
            Foundation (EEF)92                       and financing of education development of human resources in the Khyber
                                                     Pakhtunkhwa through strengthening of elementary education in the private
                                                     sectors in line with the education policy of Government.
                                               •     To improve literacy, with particular focus on women, through opening of new
                                                     community and non-formal schools and employment of teachers.
                                               •     To improve quality of education through effective and systematic teachers
                                                     training programme.
                                               •     To promote community participation and ownership of elementary education
                                                     programmes at the grass root level.
                                               •     To give loans to an individual or non-governmental organization for
                                                     establishment of elementary education schools.




92
     Also called the Elementary and Secondary Education Foundation (ESEF).


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                                •   To introduce innovative educational programmes relating to literacy and skill-
                                    oriented disciplines for the exceptionally disabled, related and disadvantaged
                                    children

 8.    Private Schools          •   Register and regulate private schools.
       Regulatory Authority     •   Supervision of their curricula, scheme of studies and academic schedule.
       (PSRA)                   •   Formulate policy, guiding principles and criteria for the establishment and
                                    registration of private schools in the province.
                                •   Categorization of schools based on criteria to maintain minimum standards of
                                    education.




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      Annexure 4a: Community Consultation Questionnaire

       Name:

       Address:                                                          Town/Location:

       Company authorized representative:
       I certify that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, the data contained in this questionnaire accurately represents current or
       future operations.
       Signature:                                  Title:                               Date:


      This tool will be used in the FGDs with the community member. The members will be organized in an FGD
      format and the field monitor will work as the moderator of the FGD. The moderator shall start with the
      following opening; Hello. My name is ___________ and I’m the moderator for today’s group discussion.
      Our purpose is to discuss environmental and social concerns in relation to a world bank project being
      launched around your community.

      Explain the project: Planning and Development Department, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has
      initiated a project titled “KP Human Capital Investment Project� to improve availability, utilization and
      quality of primary healthcare services and elementary education services in selected districts in Khyber
      Pakhtunkhwa. The project will be implemented in four districts including Peshawar, Nowshera, Haripur
      and Swabi. The project also plans to reach out to afghan refugees and host communities in the selected
      districts. The project’s ultimate goal is to improve children’s health among host communities and refugees,
      especially of those coming from poor and vulnerable households.

      Before we get started, following are some ground rules for the discussion
         1. CONFIDENTIALITY. Everything that you say here will be kept strictly confidential. Nothing said
             in this group will ever be associated with any individual by name. We would also ask that you
             similarly maintain the confidentiality of what is said in the group.

          2. VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION. Your participation in this group is entirely voluntary. You may
             stop participating at any time. You do not have to answer any questions that you do not wish to
             answer. You may withdraw from the group at any time with no consequences.

          3. THANKS. Thank you for arranging your schedule today to be here for this session. We are grateful
             to you for, your time, your opinions and your courage in voicing your point of view.

Baseline situation:
      1) Are you satisfied from the existing school and/or hospital facilities in your surrounding? Please explain:
            1.1 Satisfied about public
            school facilities (explain how):

            1.2 Satisfied about Health Care
            Facilities (explain how):


      2) If not satisfied, please ask the following questions?

          2.1 Name of Education facility that you know: ………………………………..


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             Answer the following                                              Agree           Disagree
             No sufficient Teachers
             Teachers are not trained
             No water and sanitation facilities
             No boundary wall
             Access to school is difficult
             Any other (specify)………
             Any other (specify)……….

          2.2 Name of health care facility that you know: ………………………………..
            Answer the following                                  Agree                        Disagree
            No sufficient staff
            Staff is not cooperative
            No sufficient equipment
            Space is limited/ too congested
            No medicines
            Any other (specify)………
            Any other (specify)……….

Pre-Design Phase:
     3. The government is going to introduce a project to improve quality of education and health care
     facilities. Do you agree that the activity should be encouraged in this area? Yes ( )     No ( )
      a) If yes to question 3, Please give reasons?




      b) If no, please give reasons




      4. How do you think the Project would help improve utilization of quality health and education services
      to local communities?
      a. Education facility:




      b. Heath care facility:




      5. Will the project increase people’s access to the school and health facilities? How?


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Access to education facility:




Access to health facility:




6. The Project is likely to upgrade the existing facilities; what are your suggestions regarding Project
interventions to improve the facilities?

      School facility (tick the following)               Health care facility (tick the following)
      i) upgrade the school:                             i) upgrade the facility:
      ……                                                 ………
      ii) more classrooms:                               ii) increase trained staff:
      ……                                                 ………
      iii) provide heating and cooling facilities:       iii) provide heating and cooling facilities:
      ........                                           …........
      iv)provide recreation facilities:                  iv)provide medicines:
      ..…..                                              ………
      v) more teachers:                                  v)improve equipment:
      .……                                                .……..
      vi) provide training to teachers:                  vi) cleaning and waste management:
      ………                                                ………
      vii) improve drinking water facility:              vii) improve drinking water facility:
      ..….....                                           ..….....
      viii) provide sanitation facility:                 viii) provide sanitation facility:
      ……...                                              ……...
      ix) provide electricity:                           ix) provide round the clock electricity:
      ………                                                ………
      x) provide heating and cooling facilities:         x) provide heating and cooling facilities:
      ……...                                              ……....
      xi) any other specify:                             xi) any other specify:
      xii) any other specify                             xii) any other specify

7. How would you or community benefit from the proposed interventions?




8. Do you think that the project activities may result in the temporary or permanent loss of livelihoods
(business; household infra-structure such as granaries, outside toilets and kitchens, etc., crops, trees,
recreation, women free movement)? Please explain.




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      9. Do you think that any project activity may result in resettlement of individuals or families or may
         require the acquisition of land (public or private, temporarily or permanently)? Share your concerns
         if any




Construction Phase
     10. The Project will involve construction and rehabilitation work, so there will be dust and noise issues
         around the project area? What are your suggestions to reduce it?




      11. Would local socio-economic changes result from the proposed project, like jobs for skilled and semi-
          skilled labor and other businesses?




      12. Please, outline the problems that could emanate from this kind of activity that you know




      13. What is the major health, safety and environmental issues/threats associated with this kind of activity
          that you know?




      14. There will be increase in waste generation in the area due to construction and other activities. What
          solution can you suggest for this problem?




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     15. Is there any historical, archaeological or cultural heritage site of significance around here that you
         think may be affected due to project activity?




Operations Phase

     1)   What are you expecting from the project/facility upgradation in your area?




     2)   Do you think that there will be increase in business and other employment opportunities due to
          deployment of this project?




     3)   Do you think that there will be better health and schooling opportunities as soon the project is in
          operational phase?




     4)   What social change it will result?




Gender Based Violence

      1) Do you feel that that there is risk of Gender-based violence (GBV) or harassment to women and
         children during construction?




      2) Will there be restriction on mobility of students and teachers during construction?

     If yes, how?
     _________________________________________________________________________________
     If no, why?
     _________________________________________________________________________________


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_________________________________________________________________________________

 3) What sort of Risk Mitigating Measures do you want in order to maintain safety and security during
    construction?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

 4) Is there any other issue that is not mentioned in this questionnaire that you consider relevant to
    mention, please add




Afghan Refugees
    1) Are there any afghan refugees camps nearby? If so do you have an idea of the number of refugees
       residing in your area?




    2) How are afghan refugees accessing health and education services in and out of their camps?



    3) Do you think there would be any risk to afghan refugees through this project?




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                                                              Environmental Screening Matrix (unmitigated)




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Historical Archeological
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Safety Hazard Public
                                                                                                                                                                                          Land acquisition and
                                                                                                                                                                                          Compensation Issues



                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Health and Nuisance
                                                                                                                                                      Noise and vibration
                                                                                                                      Natural Vegetation
                                                                             Surface Water



                                                                                                  Groundwater




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Employment
                                                               Air Quality




                                                                                                                                                                            Cultivation
                                                                                                                                           Wildlife




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Sites
                                                       Soil
Project Siting
Project site, Land use and Design
Visual Impacts
Construction Phase
Land acquisition
Contractor Mobilization
Construction Camp Establishment
Construction Camp Operation
Site Preparation
Construction of Road
Laying of Services
Construction Materials Supply
Construction Crew Transportation
Solid Waste Disposal
Sewerage Disposal
Demobilization of Contractors
Operation Phase



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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Historical Archeological
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Safety Hazard Public
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Land acquisition and
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Compensation Issues



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Health and Nuisance
                                                                                                                                                                                 Noise and vibration
                                                                                                                                                 Natural Vegetation
                                                                                                        Surface Water



                                                                                                                             Groundwater




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Employment
                                                                                         Air Quality




                                                                                                                                                                                                       Cultivation
                                                                                                                                                                      Wildlife




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sites
                                                                           Soil
Operational phase
Solid Waste Disposal
Effluents Disposal
      Key:

      -2: High negative impact; -1: Low negative impact; 0: insignificant/negligible negative; +1: low positive impact; +2; High positive impact, N: no impact




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  Annexure 4b: Stakeholder Consultations Questionnaire

A short presentation will be given to the participants about the project in which Stakeholders will be
introduced to the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF). Stakeholders will be
informed on the need of the ESMF and will be described as an instrument used to identify and manage
the environmental and social risks of a project (Mandatory under WB Policy). Stakeholders will be
informed about the various World Bank standards that are relevant to the KPHCIP project and they will
be informed that the project is a low risk project on the account of rehabilitation activities being
envisaged in health and education facilities (need to clarify that the health and education component
focus is mainly rehabilitation/ upgradation within the facility with minor construction work) however,
environmental and social risks at construction and operation stage are anticipated which include but not
limited to:
•        Risk of air pollution from poor handling of rehabilitation debris in the facilities
•        Noise pollution risk from movement of heavy duty vehicle during rehabilitation works
•        Waste management of construction wastes.
•        Water management issue
Other Social issue
    • Gender based violence issues from exposure of students/teachers to construction workers
    • Gender discrimination inhibiting female participation in the KPHCIP project


Following themes will be discussed broadly

Impacts and Mitigation measures
(this section should not take much time. Try to limit discussion)
    1. What is your opinion regarding the proposed KP Human and Capital Investment Project
         development in the 4 districts?
    2. In your opinion, what are your concerns on any negative environmental and social effects on
         that may be brought upon by this development (keeping in view that the health and education
         component focus is mainly rehabilitation/ upgradation within the facility with minor
         construction work)? Give details
    3. What do you think should be done to alleviate the potential negative impacts of the
         development activities?
    4. What in your opinion are the positive impacts of the interventions?
    5. Additional concerns
Environmental and Social Mitigation policies and legal requirement?
   - Mention that (keeping in view that the health and education component focus is mainly
       rehabilitation/ upgradation within the facility with minor construction work, the project has
        low environmental and social risk in school and health care facility construction and
        operation work. However, in health component, waste management activities will be
        introduced for collection, segregation and safe disposal of especially hazardous waste.
        This has medium to high risk for which safeguards are necessary.
    -   In light of the above, as part of WB mandatory requirement, ESMF is being
        developed in support of health and education department in line with the WB
        guidelines/ policies.
    -   There are also mandatory requirements for such projects under the KP Environmental
        Protection Act 2014 (broadly under the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 2005).
             o According to our assessment, since the project construction are of low risk,
                only an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) would be needed and
                developed jointly by health and education department. Do you agree?



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            o The health waste management activities are of medium to high risk (as
              incinerators are proposed) for which under the EPA regulations EIA has to be
              developed by health department. Do you agree?

Afghan Refugees – Health Care
        •   Is it difficult to differentiate between Refugees and host population in KP?
        •   In terms of health facilities, do Afghan Refugees visit the health facilities? If yes,
            how are they being treated in govt hospitals?
        •   Are they asked for registration documents before or during treatment?
        •   With UNHCR leaving – how will the health care for refugees be integrated in the
            current health facilities?
        •   Additional concerns
Afghan Refugees – Education
        •   Are Afghan Refugees enrolled in the govt education system?
        •   How are they being enrolled? Are they asked for registration/ID cards while
            enrolment?
        •   Are separate registers being maintained for Afghan children?
        •   How is the govt. planning to integrate the UNHCR established schools with the
            existing govt. schools?
        •   Additional concerns
Situation Analysis
    Data and systems
    • Any data on schools and hospitals in the target districts, please share
management systems
• What is the existing Waste management system in schools/ Health Care facilities for Health care
   ask these questions in health department consultation?
   • What type of wastes generated in health care facilities (hazardous and non-hazardous)?
   • Are these segregated before disposal?
   • How these are disposed. Are there any procedures used before disposal?
   • Existing Incineration facilities at hospital level and at primary health care units if any. Please
       list them and are they functional.
   • What are the future plans for collection and disposal system in health department at KP level
       and specific to districts?
    Water Availability/WASH – schools & hospitals
    • Is Drinking water (for students/patients and staff) available in majority of the schools/health
       care facilities?
    • If yes, what is the quality of the drinking water?
    • Is the water quality being tested?
    • What facilities are available for WASH in schools/health care facilities? (toilet. Soap, hand
       washing facility)
    • Are facilities provided for disabled (ramps/ special toilets etc.)?
    • Additional Concerns


Institutional Arrangements
    • What should be institutional set-up for the project? Discuss PMUs structure for health and
        education.



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    •   What in your opinion should be the institutional set up for the implementation of
        Environmental and Social Management Framework? For example, how many officers should
        be in place?
    •   Ask about any Parent-Teacher Committee if it exist and still operational, what is its
        composition? How many meetings are held during the year?
    •   Training needs for ESMF implementation
    •   Additional comments
Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM)
   • What is the existing setup of resolving complaints from community in both health and
       education department? Who is responsible in the department? How the grievances entertained
       and addressed? Any GRM committees exist? What is its structure? How do they operate.
   • What in your opinion should be the right method for complaint handling system for both
       components?
   • Is there an existing system in place for any other project that can be used as a model GRM?
   • Additional comments
Any other discussion point?

(List of participants)




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  Annexure 5: Minutes of consultations with Health and Education department
  stakeholders (include list of participants)
Group 1: Health
 Stakeholder(s):                   1. Health Department
                                   2. Planning and Development Department
                                   3. Directorate
                                   4. Health Department
 Date:                          January 21, 2020

 Time:                          11:00 AM

 Meeting Venue:                 Health Secretariat, Department of Health

 Attended by:                       1.    Dr. Ayub, Director General
                                    2.    Dr. Ghulam Subhani, DHO Peshawar
                                    3.    Dr. Saifullah Khalid, DHO Haripur
                                    4.    Dr. Gulsan Shah, DHO Nowshera
                                    5.    Dr. M. Tariq, DHO Swabi
                                    6.    M. Sajjad, Socio Economic Specialist
                                    7.    Dr. M. Khalil Akhtar, Deputy Chief
                                    8.    Dr. Azmat, Director
                                    9.    Dr. Aamir Rafiq, Deputy Director
                                    10.   Dr. Saeeda, Deputy Director
                                    11.   Dr. Majid Khan

 Conducted by:                      1.    Ms. Humaira Qasim Khan, Environment Specialist
                                    2.    Ms. Najla Shafqat, Business Development Officer- Environment

 Language:                      English, Urdu

 Information Provided:          The discussion started with the introduction of the Stakeholder Consultation
                                Meeting team. The participants were briefed about the purpose of the meeting
                                and gave a comprehensive description of the project with the help of
                                presentation. The participants raised queries during presentation. At the end of
                                the informative session, there was interactive session where participants were
                                invited to express or share their concerns. The issues/concerns raised are
                                recorded and will be addressed in ESMF.

 Issues Raised:
     1. The practical and localized waste disposal practices should be proposed in ESMF.
     2. In health care facilities, for hospital waste management, health and safety of workers should be
         considered/incorporated in the budget. For example, provision of proper Personal Protective
         Equipment (PPE).
     3. Protocols and standards for drinking water quality should be followed.
     4. Municipal Corporation or Local Government doesn’t take the responsibility of hospital waste
         management. As a result, Health Officer (HO) dispose of waste outside the vicinity of the Health
         Facility.
     5. In Peshawar, there are total 100 health facilities, in which there are 49 BHUs and they are in very poor
         working condition.
 Afghan Refugees

     6.   There is no policy for treatment of Afghan Refugees in government hospitals. There is no registration
          required for Refugees.
     7.   In BHUs and RHCs, Afghan refugees visit government hospitals and they are treated like host
          communities. In DHQs, card is being issued to Afghan Refugees for treatment of hepatitis.
     8.   Almost 2.5 years ago, a notification has been issued to the Health care facilities situated adjacent to
          the refugee camps to allow the afghan refugees to access and utilize those HFs.
     9.   NGOs are supporting Health facilities for Refugee Population.




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    10. Health Management Information System (HMIS) take national identity card from patients and then
         they are treated. It is now known as Hospital Management Information System. In RHC, HMIS will
         be introduced in which afghan refugees need to register and proper card will be issued to Afghan
         Refugees to maintain a record of the number of patients treated in particular HF.
    11. With UNHCR leaving, there is need to provide support to government hospitals to bear the burden of
         Afghan Refugees.
    12. In current situation, there is no card system present in any HF to differentiate between host
         communities and Afghan refugees.
 Health Care Waste Management System

     13.   Currently, there is no waste management system present in any health facility in Project districts.
     14.   In Nowshera district, hospital waste is disposed of in nearby river/stream.
     15.   In 1975, in DHQ Mardan, incinerator has been installed but couldn’t sustain due to electricity shortage.
     16.   In Swabi district, in Khyber Hospital and HMC, incinerators are being installed and are in working
           condition. The residual of the incinerator is disposed of in the dumping site.
     17.   The residual of the incinerator should be recycled rather than disposed of. Sharps and plastic should
           be recycled into useful products.
     18.   Recycling units for plastic should be installed in all project districts.
     19.   There is a need to introduce waste collection, segregation, transportation and disposal practices in each
           health facility.
     20.   Scavengers should be provided with proper PPEs to avoid transmission of hazardous infections.
     21.   Color coded bins should be provided in each health facility for proper collection and segregation of
           waste. It will also separate hazardous and non-hazardous waste.

 Drinking Water

     22. In few health facilities, drinking water is available however, there is no provision of drinking water in
         other remaining facilities.
     23. Quality of drinking water is not good. Water quality is being tested at individual facility level by
         different companies.
     24. Water and Sanitation is the responsibility of local government and R&DD in rural areas and WSSP
         and Public Health Engineering Department is responsible in urban areas.
     25. There is no filtration plan installed in any health facility.
     26. There is no provision of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for workers.
     27. There is no provision of WASH facilities for disabled patients.
     28. In DHQs, wards are in poor condition as they lack bedding facilities, no sanitation and no waste
         management. There is no personal hygiene of workers in Operation Theater (OT).
     29. There is a need to engage private sector for installation of incinerator along with the provision of
         technical staff for operating incinerators.
     30. There is need to outsource waste management services, for provision and management of dumping
         site and installation of incinerator.
     31. There should be a focus on social safeguards as well.
     32. There are no ramps for disabled patients in hospitals.
     33. There is no waiting area for female patients in health facilities and no privacy for females.
     34. There is no ventilator in any ambulance.

 Institutional Arrangement

     35. There should be a separate PMU for Health sector. There is no existing PMU that can be used for
         this Project.
     36. There should be a monitoring plan and budget should be allocated for monitoring of health waste
         management system.
     37. Waste disposal should be the responsibility of individual facility.
     38. There should be a budget allocated for waste disposal practices.
     39. There should be District Health Officer (DHO) for each district in PMU and a health specialist at
         provincial level.

 Grievances Redressal Mechanism




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     40. At present, people register complaints on Pakistan Citizen Portal. Complaint is then forwarded to the
         relevant department and concerned department resolve the complaint.
     41. There is a need to establish Grievances Redress Mechanism for health sector. Moreover, there should
         be a way of mitigation within the department.

 Other concerns

     42. Mostly, only supply side interventions are considered. There is a need to focus on demand side
         interventions as well.
     43. In health facilities, there is no implementation of already published manuals and reports.
     44. ESMF should be prepared in coherence with the SDGs.
     45. There should be incentives for worker.
     46. Training sessions should be conducted for training of workers/ staff/doctors etc.
     47. There is need to organize sessions in schools and hospitals to focus on behavioral change at demand
         side for example on proper usage of waste bins.
     48. In hospitals, safety, warning, direction signs etc. should be posted in all local languages.


Group 2: Education
 Stakeholder(s):                        1.    Elementary and Secondary Education Department
                                        2.    Provincial Institute for Teacher Education (PITE)
                                        3.    Directorate of Curriculum and Teacher Education (DCTE)
                                        4.    Education Employees Foundation (EEF)

 Date:                              January 22, 2020

 Time:                              11:00 AM

 Meeting Venue:                     Elementary and Secondary Education Department

 Attended by:                           1.    Imran Kazim, E&SED
                                        2.    Sajjad Akhtar, DEO (M) Nowshera
                                        3.    Samina Ghani, DEO (F) Peshawar
                                        4.    Irshad Khan, DEO (M) Peshawar
                                        5.    M. Sharif, Deputy Director
                                        6.    Dr. Shafqat Hasaan, Subject Specialist
                                        7.    Irfan ullah, Managing Director
                                        8.    Romana Sarwar, Statistical Officer
                                        9.    Dr. Muhammad Idress DEO (M) Swabi
                                        10.   Attia Sdultana, DEO (F) Nowshera
                                        11.   Hidayat Nazir, Senior Program Officer

 Conducted by:                          3.    Ms. Humaira Qasim Khan, Environment Specialist
                                        4.    Ms. Najla Shafqat, Business Development Officer-
                                              Environment

 Language:                          English, Urdu

 Information Provided:              The discussion started with the introduction of the Stakeholder
                                    Consultation Meeting team. The participants were briefed about the
                                    purpose of the meeting and gave a comprehensive description of the project
                                    with the help of presentation. The participants raised queries during
                                    presentation. At the end of the informative session, there was interactive
                                    session where participants were invited to express or share their concerns.
                                    The issues/concerns raised are recorded and will be addressed in ESMF.

 Issues Raised:




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 Impacts of up-gradation and rehabilitation activities

     1.    Due to up gradation and rehabilitation activities, during construction stage, there are water, noise and
           security issues.
     2.    As the construction activities are carried out within the school premises, it cause disturbance to the
           students and affect the learning and teaching activities.
     3.    Due to dust emissions, students fell sick and attendance drops. There is no cleanliness as there is no
           waste management system present.
     4.    Females get affected as there is no arrangement for parda (partition) for females and no boundary wall.
           Security for females is a major issue.
     5.    Construction activities cause distraction to the students and they don’ t focus on studies.
     6.    It is preferred to carry out construction activities in summer break when school is off and students are
           on break so it will reduce the impact on students.
     7.    People living in surrounding areas also register complaint to stop the construction work as it cause
           disturbance.
     8.    Parents also stop sending students to schools and as a result attendance drops.

 Afghan Refugees

     9.    For enrolment of Afghan refugee in the government education system, Afghan refugee council sends
           recommendation letter to school for admission of Afghan Refugee.
     10.   In few cases, NOC letter is required from ministry of education for admission of Afghan Refugee.
     11.   This restriction is due to difference of education system and curriculum in the afghan refugee school
           and government schools.
     12.   With UNHCR leaving, in future there will be some pact between UNHCR and Education department
           for integration of UNHCR established schools with the existing government schools.
     13.   In UNHCR schools, there are Pakistani teachers as well as Afghani teachers.
     14.   In KP, there are total 105 Afghan schools/centers. In Afghan Schools, there is Afghani curriculum.
           Finance minister and ministry of interior has decided to integrate the curriculum of government
           schools with Afghan schools. For that, education department has signed an MOU with UNHCR, to
           streamline the curriculum of government education system with UNCHR curriculum. Training has
           been provided to teachers for understanding government system curriculum.
     15.   Private school regulatory authority has been assigned a task to register afghan schools as private
           schools.
     16.   Data on enrolment and drop out is available in the form of Annual Status Education Report, also
           available from directorate and also published in yearly census in each school. Moreover, data is also
           published in the form of Project Monitoring Information System (PMIS) and Education Management
           Information System (EMIS).
     17.   However, there is no data on afghan refugees.

 Water Availability /WASH/ Solid Waste

     18. In majority of schools, there is no provision of water.
     19. Major source of water is piping system from dam, tankers, bore water, tap water and few students
         bring from their own home.
     20. There are no filtration plants installed in any school however, in few schools, where filtration plant
         has been installed, it is not in functional state.
     21. In few areas, ground water level is very low.
     22. WASH facilities are available in majority of schools.
     23. In past 5 years, government has spent 29 billion on facilities like WASH facilities, electricity,
         boundary wall, water supply etc., on WASH facilities govt. has spent 1lac 60 thousand rupees.




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     24. In few washrooms, facilities like soap, dustbins are present however they are missing in majority of
         schools. It depends on head of the school whether they keep soap in washrooms or not.
     25. 2015 onwards, in newly constructed schools, ramps are made for disabled students whereas in old
         schools they are under construction and there is provision of separate toilets for disabled students.
     26. There is no sweeper in primary schools.
     27. In schools, waste is collected daily and dumped in community landfill. In few areas, where Water and
         Sanitation Services Peshawar (WSSP) is available, they pick up the waste. In few schools, security
         guard picks up. In rural schools, children collect and pick up the waste and it is burned at the end.
     28. There is no segregation of waste. Paper and plastic waste is collected in one waste bins.
     29. Waste bins are present in each school however there is no plastic lining in waste bins.

 Institutional Arrangements
      30. There should be a separate Project Management Unit for Health sector and Education Sector.
      31. There is no existing PMU for education so there is a need to establish new PMU.
      32. Structure of PMU should include:
               • For infrastructure related activities, Engineer should be proposed for quality assurance
               • For learning outcomes and improving assessment, there should be an Education officer who
                    is a technical person.
               • As there is extensive reporting required, for monitoring there should be a provincial
                    coordinator/ project coordinator. It is preferred that provincial coordinator is from planning
                    service government department.
      33. There should be education focal person at district level in each Project districts.
      34. There is a need to increase human resource.
 Grievance Redressal Mechanism

    35. In each school, Parent Teacher Committee exits and they conduct monthly Parent teacher meeting in
         the first week of each month and minutes are recorded. Parent teacher committee comprise of 8
         members headed by a chairman and also include nazim of local government or Imam of the local
         mosque.
    36. Currently, people register complaints on Pakistan Citizen Portal.
    37. Moreover, there is a section officer complaint in education department for registering and addressing
         complaints related to education sector and PMRU. Complaint is then forwarded to the relevant section
         and that concerned section officer resolves it. Mostly 7 – 10 days are given for complaint resolution.
         Satisfactory level of the complainant is recorded after complaint is being resolved.
    38. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, training sessions for teachers are conducted every month. At the beginning
         of each year schedule is prepared and shared with directorate and then with district officers. On the
         day of training, school is closed. Cluster based training is conducted. All teachers attend the training.
         Two types of training session are conducted. One is induction training for newly enrolled teachers and
         other is professional development training which is subject specific. The training material is shared
         with PITE. These training sessions are funded by Provincial government.
    39. For this project, new grievance redressal committee should be formed. Provincial coordinator should
         be a part of this committee and district focal person (Education Officers) should resolve the complaints
         at district level.
    40. Students should be given awareness on how to register complaint.
 Additional Comments

     41. In recent years, there is an improvement in enrolment rate and reduction in drop out rate as
         accessibility and different facilities are being provided in schools.
     42. As an outcome of this project, it will improve the learning environment for students and will increase
         the enrolment rate and reduce the drop out rate.
     43. Tree plantation campaign is being done twice a year and forest department provides free plants.




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  Annexure 6: Checklist of Likely Environmental and Social Impacts of Sub-projects
  screening
This Form is to be used by the Engineers and Environmental and Social Focal Persons (ESFPs)
in screening subproject applications/proposals for which ESMPs are not required. This
checklist is designed to cover social and environmental impacts of upgradation/rehabilitation
of schools and health facilities.

Note: This form and accompanying documentation to be maintained in the office of the relevant
implementing agency/PMU

a. Name of Sub-project:
b. Sub-project location:
c. Sub-project objective:
d. Sub-project Location:
e. Infrastructure to be rehabilitated/upgraded:

 Issues                                         Yes   No       Mitigation   Measures Monitoring
                                                               proposed              for
                                                                                     compliance
 Zoning and Land Use Planning
 Will the subproject involve significant
 land
 disturbance or site clearance?
 Will the subproject land be subject to
 potential encroachment by urban use?

 Water and Soil Contamination
 Will the subproject require large
 amounts of raw materials or
 construction materials?
 Will the subproject generate large
 amounts of residual wastes,
 construction material waste or cause
 soil erosion?
 Will the subproject result in potential
 soil or water contamination (e.g., from
 oil, grease and fuel from equipment
 yards)?
 Will the subproject lead to
 contamination of ground and surface
 waters
 Will the subproject involve the use of
 chemicals or solvents?
 Will the subproject lead to the
 destruction of vegetation and soil in the
 right-of-way, borrow pits, waste
 dumps, and equipment yards?
 Will the subproject lead to the creation
 of stagnant water bodies in borrow
 pits, quarries, etc., encouraging for



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 mosquito breeding and other disease
 vectors?
 Noise and Air Pollution Hazardous
 materials
 Will the subproject increase the levels
 of harmful air emissions?
 Will the subproject increase ambient
 noise levels?
 Will the subproject involve the storage,
 handling or transport of hazardous
 substances?
 Fauna and Flora
 Will the subproject involve the
 disturbance or modification of existing
 drainage channels (rivers,
 canals) or surface water bodies
 (wetlands, marshes)?
 Will the subproject lead to the
 disruption/destruction
 of wildlife habitat due to noise-related
 problems?
 Destruction/Disruption of Land and
 Vegetation
 Will the subproject lead to unplanned
 use of the infrastructure being
 developed?
 Will the subproject lead to erosion of
 lands?
 Cultural Property
 Will the proposed project constrain
 access to cultural sites for the
 communities?
 Will the subproject have an impact on
 archaeological or historical sites,
 including historic urban areas?
 Will the subproject have an impact on
 religious monuments, structures and/or
 cemeteries?
 Social Disturbance
 Will the subproject involve
 demolition of existing structures?
 Will the subproject lead to induced
 settlements by workers and others
 causing social disruption?
 Will the subproject lead to
 environmental and social disturbance
 by construction camps?
 Is the proposed project likely to
 negatively affect the income levels or
 employment opportunities of
 vulnerable groups?
 Social Equity and Equality
 Would the proposed subproject have
 environmental and social impacts that



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 could affect indigenous people or other
 vulnerable groups?
 Is the subproject likely to negatively
 impact women?
 Is the proposed subproject likely to
 directly or indirectly increase social
 inequalities now or in the future?
 Will the proposed project have variable
 impacts on women and men, different
 ethnic groups, social classes?
 Have there been challenges in engaging
 women and other certain key
 stakeholder groups in preliminary
 discussions for this project?
 Is the project likely to attract forced
 labor and/or child labor?
 Demographics
 Would project likely to cause overload
 of social infrastructure in the project
 area (e.g. health facilities, schools,
 water supply)?
 Would the proposed project result in
 involuntary resettlement of
 populations?

    Construction Site issues

 Does the subproject require land
 acquisition? * [Note: Fill in
 the land acquisition form if YES] Refer
 to Resettlement Action Plan Framework
 Is the sub project located on land with
 contested ownership?
 Is the sub project located in an area
 with security problems?
 Is the subproject located in an area with
 designated natural reserves?
 Is the subproject located close to
 groundwater sources, surface water
 bodies, water courses or wetlands?
 Is the project located in an area where
 IDPs/refugees are temporarily
 settled?
 Is the subproject located near a waste
 dump?
 Does the subproject have access to
 potable water?
 Is the subproject located in an area with
 a wastewater network?
 Is the subproject located far (1-2 kms)
 from accessible roads?




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                Prepared by Environmental Safeguard Specialist
                Name:
                Date:
                Signature:




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  Annexure 7: Physical Cultural Resource (PCR) Management Framework/Chance
      Find Procedure

A. The PCR Management Framework

The PCR Management Plan can constitute a section of the Environmental Management Plan, if one is
required. The Management Plan should clearly:

    â—¼   Schedule the implementation of the proposed PCR mitigating measures and PCR
        monitoring, if any, taking into account the weather pattern, and identify roles and
        responsibilities for such implementation;
    â—¼   Identify procedures for handling chance finds, including the role and responsibilities of
        the cultural authorities and the contractor; and
    â—¼   Identify procedures for addressing PCR impacts which may occur during
        implementation but were not predicted in the impact assessment.
The following are the main considerations guiding the preparation of the PCR Management Plan.

1. Policy, Legal and Regulatory Framework

This section should contain reference to the following, including identification of any implications for
the PCR component of the ESMP, such as special standards or requirements:

    ◼   The World Bank’s EA policy OP/BP 4.01 and the PCR policy OP/BP 4.11;
    â—¼   Sections of national EIA laws, regulations and guidelines relating to PCR;
    â—¼   Sections of the national environmental conservation strategy, if any, relating to PCR;
    â—¼   Legislation and regulations relating to:
        ï?µ   Antiquities, including sale and export;
        ï?µ   Procedures for addressing chance finds, in terms of ownership and requirements by the
            contractor and cultural authorities;
        ï?µ   Archaeology, including the issue of permits.
    â—¼   Relevant authorities charged with PCR identification, protection and management,
        their powers, the legal basis for their authority, and their actual capacity;
    â—¼   PCR-related conventions and treaties to which the borrower country is signatory;
    â—¼   Sites in the borrower country currently listed by other international agency in the field
        of PCR such as the World Monuments Fund, or ICOMOS, as being of national or
        international importance;
    â—¼   Any national or provincial registers of PCR maintained by accredited authorities in the
        borrower country.

2. Project Description

The project description should detail construction and operation phases, including maps, diagrams and
plans of planned activities. The description should take into consideration any potential impacts on PCR
of planned activities, construction/rehabilitation processes, transport arrangements, etc.

3. Analysis of Alternatives




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In cases where there are major PCR issues, the analysis of alternatives should consider alternative
project sites or technologies that could specifically avoid or minimize those impacts on PCR.

4. Baseline Data

The baseline data should begin with an investigation and inventory of PCRs likely to be affected by the
project. The data should consider all types of PCR that might be impacted, covering:

    â—¼   Living-culture PCR, as well as historical, archaeological and paleontological PCR;
    â—¼   Natural and human-made PCR;
    â—¼   Movable and immovable PCR;
    â—¼   Unknown or invisible PCR.
The data collection activity should involve consultations with concerned parties and potentially affected
communities. Potential data sources might include cultural authorities, national or provincial PCR
registers, universities and colleges, public and private PCR-related institutions, religious bodies and
local PCR NGOs. Sources at the community level typically include, for example, community leaders
and individuals, schools, religious leaders, scholars, PCR specialists, and local historians. The baseline
data section should include maps showing PCR baseline data within the potential impact areas. In
addition, data should detail the cultural significance or value attributed by the concerned or affected
parties to the PCR identified in the baseline. Consultation is a particularly important means of
identifying PCR and documenting their presence and significance. This will normally not be expressed
in monetary terms, but rather should explain the nature of the cultural significance, for example whether
it is religious, ethnographic, historic, or archaeological. In the case of PCR of archaeological,
architectural, paleontological or other scholarly or scientific value, the PCR Management Plan should
provide an assessment of the relative importance of the PCR in this regard locally, nationally and/or
internationally.

5. Impact Assessment

PCR should be included in the impact matrix and PCR impacts for each project stage –
construction/rehabilitation, operation, etc. – should be detailed. The PCR Management Plan should
specifically describe the nature and extent of the potential impacts and state precisely why they are
considered to be significant or insignificant. The impact assessment should also consider the possibility
of accidents during construction/rehabilitation and operations which might affect PCR, especially in
urban settings, which might call for special precautionary measures.

6. Mitigation Measures

It is particularly important that consultations with concerned and affected parties are conducted on the
proposed mitigation measures relating to PCR impacts. Agreements must be reached and evidence of
such agreements should be included in PCR Management Plan. It should be checked whether the
recommended mitigation measures might themselves have environmental impacts (e.g. archaeological
excavations). PCR Management Plan should detail the cost of implementing and the timing of the
recommended PCR mitigation measures.

B. Chance Find Procedures

Chance find procedures which will be used during this Project are as follows:



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    â—¼   Stop the construction activities in the area of the chance find;
    â—¼   Delineate the discovered site or area;
    â—¼   Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In cases of
        removable antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard shall be present until the
        responsible local authorities and the Ministry in charge of Department of Archaeology
        take over;
    â—¼   Notify the supervisory Engineer who in turn will notify the responsible local authorities
        and the Ministry immediately (within 24 hours or less);
    â—¼   Responsible local authorities and the Ministry in charge of Department of Archaeology
        would be in charge of protecting and preserving the site before deciding on subsequent
        appropriate procedures. This would require a preliminary evaluation of the findings to
        be performed by the archaeologists of the Department of Archaeology and Museums
        (within 72 hours). The significance and importance of the findings should be assessed
        according to the various criteria relevant to cultural heritage; those include the
        aesthetic, historic, scientific or research, social and economic values;
    â—¼   Decisions on how to handle the finding shall be taken by the responsible authorities
        and the Ministry in charge of Department of Archaeology. This could include changes
        in the layout (such as when finding an irremovable remain of cultural or archaeological
        importance) conservation, preservation, restoration and salvage;
    â—¼   Implementation for the authority decision concerning the management of the finding
        shall be communicated in writing by the Ministry in charge of Department of
        Archaeology; and
    â—¼   Construction work could resume only after permission is given from the responsible
        local authorities and the Ministry in charge of Department of Archaeology concerning
        safeguard of the heritage.
These procedures must be referred to as standard provisions in construction contracts, when
applicable. During project supervision, the Site Engineer shall monitor the above regulations relating
to the treatment of any chance find encountered or observed.




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  Annexure-8: Land Acquisition and Resettlement Screening Checklist
  SECTION 1: Potential Impacts                                   Yes   No   Expected    Remarks
  Does the sub-project involve any physical construction work,
  i.e. rehabilitation, reconstruction or new construction?
  Specify in “remarks� column.
  Does the sub-project involve impacts on land, assets and
  people, if “Yes� try to quantify the impacts and check
  following items? If “No� impacts, explain the situation in
  “remarks� and move to section 2.

  Land:
  Use of Government land being owned by the target health or
  educational facility
  Use of Government or state owned land free of occupation
  (agriculture or settlement)
  Use of private or communal land voluntarily donated for the
  sub-project.
  If “Yes�, please use Voluntary Land Donation (VLD)
  Framework
  Use of private or communal land acquired by for the sub-
  project
  If “Yes�, please use Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
  Others (specify in “remarks�).
  Land-based assets:
  Impacts on residential structures
  Impacts on commercial structures (specify in “remarks�)
  Impacts on community structures (specify in “remarks�)
  Impacts on agriculture structures (specify in “remarks�)
  Impacts on public utilities (specify in “remarks�)
  Others (specify in “remarks�)
  Agriculture related impacts:
  Impacts on crops and vegetables (specify types and
  cropping area in “remarks)
  Impacts on Trees (specify number and types in “remarks�).
  Others (specify in “remarks�).
  Affected Persons (APs):
  Number of APs
  Males
  Females
  Titled land owners
  Tenants and sharecroppers
  Leaseholders
  Agriculture wage laborers




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  SECTION 1: Potential Impacts                                       Yes   No   Expected    Remarks
  Encroachers and squatters (specify in remarks column).

  Vulnerable APs (e.g. women headed households, minors
  and aged, orphans, disabled persons and those below the
  poverty line). Specify the number and vulnerability in
  “remarks�.

  Others (specify in “remarks�)
  SECTION 2
  Others:
  Are there any other minority groups affected by land
  acquisition or project activities? If “Yes� specify in “remarks�

  Minority groups (specify in “remarks�). Describe nature of
  impacts




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  Annexure-9: VLD/ Due Diligence Screening Checklist
Screening Checklist for Voluntary Land Donation
Screening for Due Diligence                                                      Yes   No    Remarks
Is the land in question free from any dispute on ownership or any other
encumbrances?
Has the land been jointly identified by the Revenue Department, beneficiary
community and project representative?

Has the Project team ensured that the land is appropriate for sub-project
purposes and that the sub-project will not result in any adverse social or
environmental impacts by using this land?
Have efforts must be taken by the project team to spread land donation over
a number of owners rather than one influential land- owner?
Have the Titleholder/s donating land been made to understand that they will
have equal access to the infrastructure built on the donated land like any
other community member and that they cannot claim for any priority
treatment?
Is the land to be donated no more than 10% of the total land holding of the
individual?
In case of communal land, has consent of 90% of land-owners through a
consultative process been acquired?

Has it been ensured that the land titleholder does not belong to vulnerable
sections of society, unless he/she is a direct beneficiary of the subproject
(i.e., donated parcel of land would result in net gains in that person’s
livelihood)? Vulnerable sections are:

    •    households below the poverty line (with a valid government issued
         proof);
    •    Women headed households who may lose their shelter of livelihood
         due to land donation;
    •    Handicapped persons who may lose their shelter or livelihood due
         to land donation,

Has free and informed consent through meaningful consultations in good
faith with all potential land donors been ensured?
Have separate discussions been held with vulnerable donors such as women,
elderly and orphans to facilitate meaningful participation and ensure there is
no coercion by other land donors?
Has it been verified that land is free from any encroachments?
Has it been verified that land donation will not displace tenants or bonded
labor, if any, from the land?
Has it been verified that land donated is not land used by indigenous peoples
either traditionally or customarily?
If the answer to any of the above is NO, the land in question does not qualify for Voluntary Land Donation




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  Annexure-10: Sample Agreement for Voluntary Land Donation (to be translated into
      Urdu)
(Voluntary Donation of Land on Stamp Paper of value prescribed by Revenue Department)


1. This deed of voluntary donation is made and executed on ............................ day of .............................
between Mr./Ms./Mrs ...............................................S/O W/O D/O Mr. ------------------ --------------
AND the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa through Department of Health / Elementary and
Secondary Education Department of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to render health/educational services (insert
project title and location here). Herein after called the “Recipient� which term denotes to “for and on
behalf of Project Implementation Unit, KP Human Capital Investment Project, Government of Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa � on the other part and shall mean and include his successors – in office, nominees and
assignees etc.

2. Whereas, the details of the title holder and location of the land are given below:

Land and Location Details
  Land record No:                                                Location /Village:

  Tehsil and UC:                                                 District:
  Land Area:                                                     Details of Structures on land:

  Description of North Boundary:                                 Description of East Boundary:

  Description of West Boundary:                                  Description of South Boundary:

Note: Detailed Map to scale is appended.

Title Holder Details
  Title Holder Name and CNIC Number:                             Name of Father/Husband and CNIC Number:

  Age:
                                                                 Status: Title Holder/ Encroacher
  Occupation
  Residence:                                                     Gender:




3. Whereas the Title Holder is presently using/ holds the transferable right of the above mentioned piece
of land in the village mentioned above. Whereas the Encroacher does not hold any transferable rights
of the above mentioned piece of land in the village mentioned above but has been a long standing
encroacher, dependent on its usufruct hereditarily.

4. Whereas the Title Holder/Encroacher testifies that the land is free of encumbrances and not subject
to other claims/ claimants.

5. Whereas the Title Holder/Encroacher hereby voluntarily surrenders the land/structure without any
type of pressure, influence or coercion what so ever directly or indirectly and hereby surrender all
his/her subsisting rights in the said land with free will and intention.




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6. Whereas the Recipient shall construct and develop infrastructure facilities under the Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa Human Capital Investment Project and take all possible precautions to avoid damage to
adjacent land/structure/other assets.

7. Whereas both the parties agree that the infrastructure so constructed/developed shall be for the project
purpose.

Signatories

 Title Holder                                         Tehsildar
 Name                                                 Name
 CNIC                                                 Official seal
                                                      Transfer registration No.
 Witnesses*
                            Name                                                  Signature
 1. UC Nazim/Chairman
                            CNIC
                            Name                                                  Signature
 2. Village Numberdar
                            CNIC
 3. Health                  Name                                                  Signature
 Department/Secondary
 Education Department       CNIC
 Representative
*Witnesses may be changed




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  Annexure-11: Process and Outline of Resettlement Action Plan
    1. Community Participation and Consultations

The RAP will include the following to ensure involvement and consultations with resettles and host
communities;

    1. A description of the strategy for consultation with and participation of resettles and hosts in
       the design and implementation of the resettlement activities.
    2. a summary of the views expressed and how these views were taken into account in preparing
       the resettlement plan;
    3. a review of the resettlement alternatives presented and the choices made by displaced persons
       regarding options available to them, including choices related to forms of compensation and
       resettlement assistance, to relocating as individuals families or as parts of pre-existing
       communities or kinship groups, to sustaining existing patterns of group organization, and to
       retaining access to cultural property (e.g. places of worship, pilgrimage centres,
       cemeteries);and
    4. Institutionalized arrangements by which displaced people can communicate their concerns to
       project authorities throughout planning and implementation, and measures to ensure that such
       vulnerable groups as indigenous people, ethnic minorities, the landless, and women are
       adequately represented.

    2. Field Surveys

Field surveys for the RAP consists of four different but interrelated surveys. In Table 1 the description
and scope of the surveys are provided.

                                 Table 14: Description of Field Surveys

Survey               Objective                                  Scope
                     Census                                     All owners of land, structures, businesses
                     Identify all persons and households        on the Affected Land (AL)
                     that are likely to be affected by the      All person otherwise associated with the
                     land acquisition                           land and businesses such as tenants and
                     Identify the type of impacts               employees in the businesses


                     Affected Structures                        All structures on the AL
Census of
                     Measure the dimension of the
Affected Persons
                     structure
and Project
Impacts              Ascertain its use
                     Identify persons associated with the
                     structure
                     Affected Land                              All agricultural land within the AL
                     Identify the owners of the
                     agricultural land
                     Identify non–resident owners of the
                     land




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Survey               Objective                                Scope
Household Profile Collect information on the                  All households on the AL
                  socioeconomic conditions of the
                  Affected Household (AH)
                  Identify vulnerable affected
                  households
Affected Business Collect information on the nature and All business within the project footprint.
                  volume of the business
                  Identify persons whose livelihood is
                  associated with the business
Public and           Measure the dimension of the             All structures on the AL
Community            structure
Infrastructure       Ascertain its use

      3. Valuation of Assets

The methodology for assessing unit compensation values of different items is as follows:

  â—¼    Productive land (agricultural, aquaculture, garden and forest) will be based on actual current
       market prices that reflect recent land sales in the area, and in the absence of such recent sales,
       based on recent sales in comparable locations with comparable attributes, fees and taxes or in
       the absence of such sales, based on productive value;
  â—¼    Houses and structures will be valued at replacement cost based on the current market rates;
  â—¼    Loss of livelihood will be valued according to the actual loss of wages or business income up to
       a maximum period of three months;
  â—¼    Crops will be valued at current open market rates;
  â—¼    For timber trees, cash compensation at replacement cost that should be in line with local
       government regulations, if available, will be equivalent to current market value for each type,
       age and relevant productive value at the time of compensation based on the diameter at breast
       height of each tree; and
  â—¼    Livelihoods will be valued as per actual loss.

      4. Compensation, Income Restoration and Relocation

This section describes the measures proposed for income restoration, including compensation and
special measures to help vulnerable households improve their living standards, explains measures to
provide replacement land, if planned; and describes support to be provided for host populations.

Compensation

Compensation for lost assets can be provided in two ways, i.e. cash compensation and land for land
compensation. Based on the community consultations and availability of land in the area PMUPMU
will decide the approach of compensation for every project. Compensation approach and its basis will
be described in every RAP under the Project.

Land for Land Compensation

Land for land compensation is a good practice especially in the same area as people can continue their
pre-project livelihood activities and they can maintain their living standard. Moreover, PAPs can also



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get benefits from the project implementation like labour opportunities, increased business opportunities
and opportunity to get jobs in the project.

When land for land compensation will be used, RAPs will include costs for site preparation and for the
provision of basic facilities like water supply, sanitation, roads, drainage and electricity. The RAPs will
clearly detail site preparation and resettlement schedules and tenure arrangements. In managing the land
for land relocation, the socio-cultural and religious characteristics of the displaced persons, gender
considerations and host communities will be taken into consideration and the distance between the old
and new locations should be minimized as far as is possible.

Cash Compensation

The PMU will finalize all requirements for compensation in consultation with Revenue Department and
affected communities prior to land acquisition. Department of Health and Elementary and Secondary
Education Department, will be responsible for the timely allocation of funds to implement the RAP.
The budget for the RAPs will be disbursed in cash by the PMU. Component of the compensation budget
which is covered in the award of the land will be disbursed through LAC while remaining compensation
will be disbursed directly by the PMU before taking physical possession of the affected assets.

Income and Livelihood Restoration

RAPs for different sub-projects will analyse the impact of the project on the income and livelihood of
the affected households. If the PAPs lose more than 10% of their productive assets or require physical
relocation, RAP will include Income and Livelihood Restoration Plan (ILRP).

In the ILRP one or two-phase approaches may be adopted based on the significance of the income and
livelihood impacts and community consultations.

Relocation

Based on the community consultations PMU will be responsible to develop a relocation strategy. RAP
of the project will include relocation strategy including budget, time schedule and responsibilities for
implementation.

There may be different relocation options as under:

    â?‘   AHs have land for construction of houses and only needs compensation and transition period
        allowance;

    â?‘   AHs can purchase land by their own in the nearby area for construction of houses and only
        needs compensation and transition period allowance;

    â?‘   AHs like to migrate to cities and main towns and require only compensation and transition
        period allowance;

    â?‘   AHs like that the project should develop relocation sites for them

    5. Outline of RAP

The resettlement plan covers the elements below, as relevant:

1. Description of the project.
2. Potential impacts.



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3.    Objectives.
4.    Socioeconomic studies.
5.    Legal framework.
6.    Institutional Framework
7.    Eligibility.
8.    Valuation of and compensation for losses
9.    Resettlement measures.
10.   Site selection, site preparation, and relocation
11.   Housing, infrastructure, and social services
12.   Environmental protection and management.
13.   Community participation.
14.   Integration with host populations.
15.   Grievance procedures.
16.   Organizational responsibilities
17.   Implementation schedule.
18.   Costs and budget
19.   Monitoring and evaluation.




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  Annexure-12: Proposed Structure of Grievance Redress Mechanism
Tier 1- Provincial level (GRC)
Grievance and Redress Committee (GRC) both for health and education must be appointed and
established before commencement of construction site works and the contractors should be briefed of
the GRM system for KPHCIP. Th GRCs will serve as Public Complaints Cell (PCC) working
directly under the respective Project Directors with an overarching role, responsible to receive, log,
and resolve complaints. Each GRC/PCC will comprise of the following staff/ professionals and will be
in charge of Grievance Redressal in each PMU;
    • PMU – Health (PD Health, Director Health, Gender Officer, Environment & Social Safeguards
         Officer, M&E officer). A Section Officer from health department shall also be designated as
         member of GRC health and serve as Complaint Officer Health.
    • PMU – Education (PD Education, Director E&SED, Gender Officer, Environment & Social
         Safeguards Officer, M&E officer). A Section Officer from Education Department already exist
         to record complaints and shall be member of the GRC education and serve as Complaint
         Officer Education.

Terms of Reference (could be amended) to add the following responsibilities
   (i)     Coordinate formation of Grievance Redressal Committees (GRCs) before the
           commencement of constructions at to resolve issues.
   (ii)    Act as the Focal Point at their respective PMUs on Grievance Redressal issues and facilitate
           the PD of PMU.
   (iii)   Create awareness of the Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM) amongst all the
           stakeholders through public awareness campaigns.
   (iv)    Assist in Redressal of all Grievances by coordinating with the concerned parties.
   (v)     Maintain information of grievances and Redressal.
   (vi)    Prepare the progress for monthly/quarterly reports.

The Project Management Unit (PMU) Education and Health at the provincial level will be the first tier
to resolve grievances. The Project Director (PD) who heads the PMU will be the focal point for
grievance redressal and will act as the chairman of GRC at each PMU.

The complaints are received at various points at Provincial Level as well as from the districts. The
stakeholders are informed of various points of making complaints (if any) and GRCs collect the
complaints from these points on a regular basis and record them. This is followed by coordinating with
the concerned people to redress the Grievances. The complaints can be received by GRC, made in
writing, verbally, over the phone, by fax, emails or any other media. The Complaint Officer receiving
a complaint should try to obtain relevant basic information regarding the grievance and the complainant
and will immediately inform the respective GRC The complaint officer will maintain a Complaint /
Grievance and Redressal register at the Provincial Level, and the such register will also be maintained
in each PMU. After registering the complaint in the Grievance Redressal Registration and Monitoring
Sheet, the respective GRC will study the complaint made in detail and based on conclusions in GRC,
the Complaint Officer will hold meetings with the affected persons / complainant and then attempt to
find a solution to the complaint received based on GRC decision. The resolution at the will be normally
done within 10 working days and notified to the concerned complainant through a letter. Should the
Grievance be not solved within this period, this would be referred to the next level of Grievance
Redressal. However, if the GRC feels that adequate solutions are worked out but require a few more
days for actions to be taken, the Complaint Officer can decide on retaining the issue at the first level
and inform the complaint about the progress made so far.

Tier 2 – District Level

The Grievance Redressal Committee formed for district level complaints would be the one which would
address the grievance in the districts. The aggrieved communities/parties will launch written
complaints/grievances to the District Health Officer (DHOs) or District Education Officers (DEOs) or



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the concerned Parent Teacher School Management Committee (PTSMCs) DEO/DHOs/PTCMs will
scrutinize and discuss the issues and notify the GRC/PCC (Province) if the complaint is lodged/ notified.
The tier-2 committees will be a facilitating body towards resolution of grievances/complaints but not
authorized to make any decision. It will help in exploring the options for solutions of the
complaints/grievances. PTSMCs/DEOs/DHOs will pass on complaints/grievances to GRC/PCC at
PMUs level with suggested actions for resolution of the grievance. The GRC Complaint Officer will
pass on complaints/grievances to concerned complainant pertaining to the issue for further process
keeping in carbon copy in the PD office. GRC can differ/agree on the actions suggested by the
PTSMCs/DEOs/DHOs and can address the grievance with an alternative response. The PD will be the
final decision maker on the complaint redressal.

Assessment of complaints: Any grievance/complaint, before entering the proceedings, must be assessed
to examine whether the grievance/complaint qualifies for consideration by the Grievance Committee.
The GRC will review all complaints and discard any that are frivolous or not related to the Project. The
grievance/complaint will be assessed by GRC by all the possible means available on the ground/field
for declaring its qualification to be proceeded or rejected. The grievance/complaint rejected after the
assessment process will be filed with the reason of disqualification or rejection into proceedings.

Procedure for Registering Complaint/Grievance and Redressing Complaint/ Grievance

Any citizen can make a complaint regarding implementation of project by making an application to the
PCC, in writing or verbal through following means:

    •   Written (application / form) through Letters, Phone Calls, Emails
    •   Complaints on phone calls can only be entertained between 9am to 5pm on working days of the
        week.
    •   Email: (will be made available as soon the GRC/PCC is notified)
    •   Landline Phone Number for calls: (will be made as soon the GRC/PCC is notified)
    •   Cellphone Number for SMS/WhatsApp: (will be made as soon the GRC/PCC is notified)
    •   Office Address for letters: (will be made as soon the GRC/PCC is notified)
    •   Any grievance/complaints published in newspaper or electronic media

Record Keeping and Status of the Field Complaint/Grievance

Soon after receiving the application, the PMU should check thoroughly regarding applicant name,
address of the applicant and contents of the application. A unique code will be given to each
complaint/grievance which will help the complainant/aggrieved party to easily monitor the status of its
complaint through project office or telephone inquiry.

Complain/Grievance Record and Registration Tool

 # Name     of Address Details of               Time       Whether                  If Yes    If
   complainan with     Complain                 Fixed      Complaint/Grievanc       give      Rejecte
   t           Phone   t                        for        e Redressed or No        Detail    d Give
               Numbe                            Disposa    (Y/N)                    s         Reason
               r                                l




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 1

 2

 3




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     Annexure-13: Environmental, Occupational Health and Safety Risks (Checklist) for COVID-19


               Managing Environmental, Occupational Health and Safety Risks
                                            CHECKLISTS


General Procedures to be adapted
Under the environmental and safety guidelines (E&S) of the World Bank, National Action Plan for
Corona virus disease (COVID-19) Pakistan and Labor laws, employers have a duty of care for the
health and safety of their workers and others at the workplace. This includes:
      ➢   Provision of appropriate number of tools, equipment and PPEs for facilities.
      ➢   Providing and maintaining a work environment that is safe to any risk to health and safety, and
      ➢   Providing adequate safety facilities for workers in carrying out their work.


Rationale

Overall, the project activity will support the COVID19 emergency response by strengthening the health
care facilities/services by focusing primarily on providing medical supplies and equipment such as
ventilators and masks., Environmentally and socially sound health facilities management will require
adequate provisions for minimization of occupational health and safety risks, proper management of
hazardous waste and sharps, use of appropriate disinfectants, appropriate chemical and infectious
substance handling and transportation procedures, etc.


Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Since the project activity is primarily limited to the procurement of hospital equipment, environmentally
and socially sound operations will require adequate provisions for minimization of occupational health
and safety risks, proper management and disposal of hazardous and bio-medical waste and sharps, use
of appropriate disinfectants, proper quarantine procedure for COVID-19, appropriate chemical and
infectious substance handling and transportation procedure as well as institutional/implementation
arrangement for environmental and social risks.

Health and Safety issues
Goods and Services93
The following table lists the health and safety risks and impacts associated with Goods and Services
financed by the Bank in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Potential mitigation measures and
references to sources of additional advice and information are also provided where applicable.




93 References and sources of further information
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/lab-biosafety-guidelines.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/hcp/index.html
https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/coronavirus-covid-19-list-of-guidance#guidance-for-health-
professionals



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 S.No.                 Activity                 Risks and Impacts                        Mitigation Measures
 1       Purchase and stocking of               Surfaces of              •    Although coronavirus can stay on surfaces
         emergency rooms, clinics and other     imported materials            for a few hours to several days depending
         medical facilities, including with     may be                        upon the type of surface (and the differing
         Laboratory equipment, supplies or      contaminated and              conditions and temperatures through which
         goods.                                 handling during               the equipment is moved), it is very unlikely
                                                transportation may            that that the virus will persist on a surface,
                                                result in spreading           even if originating in a country reporting
                                                infection to                  COVID-19 cases.
                                                healthcare workers
                                                and others.              •    If concerned (for example when dealing with
                                                                              goods that have come from countries with
                                                                              high numbers of infected people) a surface or
                                                                              equipment may be decontaminated using
                                                                              disinfectant. After disinfecting, workers
                                                                              should wash hands with soap and water or
                                                                              use alcohol -based hand rub.
                                                                         •    No special measures are required for
                                                                              handling imported goods and equipment,
                                                                              except regular hand washing.

                                                                         •    Projects should ensure that adequate hand
                                                                              washing facilities with soap (liquid), water
                                                                              and paper towels for hand drying (warm air
                                                                              driers may be an alternative), plus closed
                                                                              waste bin for paper towels are available.
                                                                              Alcohol-based hand rub should be provided
                                                                              where hand washing facilities cannot be
                                                                              accessed easily and regularly.

                                                                         •    Also ensure awareness campaigns and
                                                                              reminder signs are regularly posted around
                                                                              site to encourage workers regularly wash
                                                                              hands when handling goods, and that they do
                                                                              not touch their face.

 2       Purchase of PPE for healthcare         Incorrect standard       Medical personal protective equipment (PPE)
         workers and health facility cleaners   or quality of PPEs       includes:
                                                leads to spread of            1. Medical mask
                                                infection to                  2. Gown
                                                healthcare workers            3. Apron
                                                and cleaners.                 4. Eye protection (goggles or face shield)
                                                                              5. Respirator (N95 or FFP2 standard)
                                                                              6. Boots/closed work shoes

                                                                         WHO interim guidance on rational use of PPE for
                                                                         coronavirus disease 2019 provided further details
                                                                         on the types of PPE that are required for different
                                                                         functions.
 3       Distribution of goods or services on   A non-transparent        •    Attention should be given to the distribution
         basis of need                          and poorly managed            system, to ensure effective and efficient use
                                                distribution system           of the goods and services and avoid capturing
                                                and practice could            of the rich, powerful and privileged,
                                                worsen the current            particularly at this time of short supply.
                                                shortage situation,
                                                affecting the
                                                maximum and              •    Particular attention and efforts should be
                                                efficient use of              given to the disadvantaged and vulnerable
                                                resources.                    groups and Indigenous Peoples communities
                                                                              (Kalash in Kalash Valley, district Chitral KP
                                                The disadvantaged             ) to make sure that they have equal if not
                                                and vulnerable                better access to these resources.
                                                population groups,
                                                and IP communities
                                                could face
                                                disproportionate




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                                          difficulties in
                                          accessing the
                                          available resources,
                                          exposing them to
                                          greater risks.
 4      Hand wash stations                Inadequate hand         •    Projects should ensure that adequate hand
                                          washing facilities           washing facilities with soap (liquid), water
                                          may worsen the               and paper towels for hand drying (warm air
                                          situation                    driers may be an alternative), plus closed
                                                                       waste bin for paper towels are available.

                                                                  •    If water and soap hand washing facilities are
                                                                       not possible, alcohol-based hand rubs may be
                                                                       provided.
 5      Alcohol-based hand sanitizers     Alcohol-based hand      •    Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are not
                                          rubs may not be as           considered as effective as hand washing with
                                          affective at                 soap and water and should therefore only be
                                          controlling infection        used in locations where full hand washing
                                          as hand washing              facilities cannot be provided. Advice should
                                          with soap and water.         be provided to remind users where full hand
                                                                       washing facilities can be found.
 6      Medical waste contaminated with   The collection,         •    There is no evidence that direct, unprotected
        COVID-19 virus                    processing,                  human contact during the handling of
                                          treatment and                healthcare waste has resulted in the
                                          disposal of medical          transmission of COVID-19.
                                          wastes becomes a
                                          vector for the spread   •    The treatment of healthcare waste produced
                                          of the virus.                during the care of COVID-19 patients should
                                                                       be collected safely in designated containers
                                                                       and bags, treated and then safely disposed.

                                                                  •    Open burning and incineration of medical
                                                                       wastes can result in emission of dioxins,
                                                                       furans and particulate matter, and result in
                                                                       unacceptable cancer risks under medium (two
                                                                       hours per week) or higher usage.
                                                                  •    Alternative treatments should be designed
                                                                       into longer term projects, such as steam
                                                                       treatment methods. Steam treatment should
                                                                       preferably be on site, although once treated,
                                                                       sterile/non-infectious waste may be shredded
                                                                       and disposed of in suitable waste facilities.

                                                                  See WHO Safe management of wastes from
                                                                  health-care activities.
 7      Water, sanitation, hygiene and    COVID-19 virus is       •    There is no evidence that COVID-19 virus
        waste management for COVID-19     transmitted through          persists in drinking water, sewage, or medical
                                          inappropriate                wastes, and following of good hygiene
                                          sanitation                   practices will provide effective control.
                                          arrangements or
                                          through drinking        See WHO guidance on water, sanitation and waste
                                          water and               management for COVID-19 for guidance on
                                          contaminated waste.     control measures.
 8      Identification and diagnosis      Collection of           •    Collection of samples, transport of samples
                                          samples and testing          and testing of the clinical specimens from
                                          for COVID19 could            patients meeting the suspect case definition
                                          result in spread of          should be performed in accordance with
                                          disease to medical           WHO interim guidance Laboratory testing
                                          workers or                   for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in
                                          laboratory workers,          suspected human cases. Tests should be
                                          or during the                performed in appropriately equipped
                                          transport of                 laboratories (specimen handling for
                                          potentially affected         molecular testing requires BSL-2 or
                                          samples.                     equivalent facilities) by staff trained in the
                                                                       relevant technical and safety procedures.




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                                                          •    National guidelines on laboratory biosafety
                                                               should be followed. There is still limited
                                                               information on the risk posed by COVID-19,
                                                               but all procedures should be undertaken
                                                               based on a risk assessment. For more
                                                               information related to COVID-19 risk
                                                               assessment, see specific interim guidance
                                                               document: WHO interim guidance for
                                                               laboratory biosafety related to 2019-nCoV.

                                                          •    Samples that are potentially infectious
                                                               materials (PIM) need to be handled and
                                                               stored as described in WHO document
                                                               Guidance to minimize risks for facilities
                                                               collecting, handling or storing materials
                                                               potentially infectious for polioviruses (PIM
                                                               Guidance).

                                                          For general laboratory biosafety guidelines, see
                                                          the WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual, 3rd
                                                          edition.




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                   Hospital Preparedness & Planning for Pandemic- COVID-19


General Introduction:
Hospitals 94 play a critical role within the health system in providing essential medical care to the
community, particularly during a crisis, such as an epidemic or a pandemic. Prolonged and combined
outbreaks can lead to the progressive spread of disease with rapidly increasing service demands that
can potentially overwhelm the capacity of hospitals and the health system. To enhance the readiness of
the health facilities to cope with the challenges of a pandemic or any other emergency or disaster,
hospital managers need to ensure the initiation of relevant generic priority action. This document aims
to provide a checklist of the key actions to carry out in the context of a continuous hospital emergency
preparedness process.

During pandemic, an interruption of critical support services95 and supplies would potentially disrupt
the services provided by an unprepared health facility. In addition, a high rate of staff absenteeism is
expected. Shortage of critical equipment and supplies could limit access to needed care and reduce
occupational safety. Panic could potentially jeopardize established working routines. Even for a well-
prepared hospital, coping with the health consequences of a pandemic would be a complex challenge.
Despite the difficult demands and obstacles foreseen, the proactive and systematic implementation of
key generic and specific pandemic-related action can facilitate effective hospital-based management
during a pandemic.

The benefits of an effective, hospital-based epidemic/pandemic response may include: (1) the continuity
of essential services96; (2) the well-coordinated implementation of priority actions at every level; (3)
clear and accurate internal and external communication; (4) swift adaptation to increased demands; (5)
the effective use of scarce resources; and (6) a safe environment for health workers. The Checklist-1
has been prepared with the aim of supporting hospital managers and emergency planners in achieving
the above by defining and initiating the action needed to ensure a rapid response to epidemic or
pandemic with respect to safe environment and occupational health and safety.

Under Safety / Infection Control Activities Checklist- 1 there is a list of questions regarding the status
of implementing the recommended actions as part of preparedness and planning activities to
demonstrate readiness in coping with the pandemic COVID-19. Hospitals experiencing an excessive
demand for health services due to pandemic-prone disease are strongly encouraged to ensure the
effective implementation of each action. Hospitals at risk of increased health service demand should be
prepared to initiate the implementation of each action promptly. Hospital emergency preparedness is a
continuous process that needs to link to the overall national preparedness program.




94 Includes all health care facilities
95 Provision of water and sanitation services, electricity, gas and other basic amenities
96 Provision of water and sanitation services, electricity, gas and other basic amenities




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 Checklist- 1: Occupational Health and Safety / Infection Control Activities for health facilities
                             benefitting from KPHCIP project 97

Name of the facility: _________________________________________________

Name of inspector: ________________Date of inspection: __________________


                                                                                    In
                           Activities98                      Not Started99                     Completed
                                                                               Progress100
     1   Develop an overall pandemic safety plan and
         appoint/designate a safety officer at Project
         level.
     2   Develop, if not already done, a facility
         pandemic safety plan as per SOP of the Health
         Department
     3   Provide staff education about COVID-19
         infection control and update polices/ processes
         as required.
     4   Develop, if not done previously, guidance for
         staff monitoring for signs of illness (including
         self-reporting, self-quarantine, and start/end of
         shift evaluation) and create a mechanism for
         reporting both illness and absenteeism as per
         SOP of Health department
     5   Develop, if not previously done, a “return to
         work post illness� policy for health care
         workers as per SOP of Health department
     6   Develop, if not previously done, contingency
         plan for at-risk staff (e.g., pregnant, other
         defined    risk    groups)       including   job
         expectations and potential alternate roles and
         locations, as per SOP of Health department.




97 Demonstrates the state of readiness for a health care facility towards effectively responding to a
pandemic (COVID-19)
98 If already done/completed as per SOP of Health Department, please Tick as Completed (with

provide evidence)
99 The project will pursue and follow up for initiating required actions at the earliest possible.
100 The project will follow up for earliest completion of actions




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                                                                                       In
                           Activities98                         Not Started99                     Completed
                                                                                  Progress100
 7    Ensure that health care workers, patients and
      visitors are aware of cough etiquette and
      respiratory and hand hygiene. Provide verbal
      instruction, informational posters, cards, etc.
 8    Ensure that those caring for suspected and
      confirmed cases apply
      standard and droplet precautions.
 9    Ensure that personal protective equipment
      (PPE) (i.e. medical/surgical
      masks, gloves, gowns, eye protection) is easily
      accessible to staff.
 10 If the supply of PPE is limited, prioritize staff
      handling the COVID-19 cases.
 11 Provide      medical/surgical         masks     to    all
      suspected and confirmed cases
      during transport; reinforce cough etiquette
      when mask use is not tolerated.
 12 Optimize ventilation in the health care facility.
 13 Provide clear identification of and restriction
      to the rooms, routes and
      buildings used in connection with patient care.
      Limit patient, staff, and
      visitor transit through in- and out-patient units
      (restrict access).
 14 Ensure the cleaning and disinfection of
      reusable equipment between next patient use.
 15 Ensure       the       health-care    workers        with
      symptoms of epidemic- or pandemic-prone
      disease should remain at home as per SOP of
      Health department.




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                             Checklist-2: Hospital101 Waste Management

Name of the facility: _________________________________________________

Name of inspector: ________________Date of inspection: __________________


                                             Response
                  Activities                Check Yes or                    Remarks
                                               No102
       Waste segregation and collection
  1    Does waste segregation occur at
       the point where the waste is          Yes      No
       generated?
  2    Is the collected waste properly
                                             Yes      No
       segregated?
  3    Are       color-coded      waste
       containers used in all facility       Yes      No
       areas?
  4    Are waste containers properly
       marked and labeled as per the         Yes      No
       waste they contain?
  5    Do all yellow buckets for
       collecting infectious waste have      Yes      No
       lids?
  6    Are all waste containers free of
                                             Yes      No
       leaking?
  7    Are sharps containers puncture-
                                             Yes      No
       resistant, and leak-proof?
  8    Is appropriate passageway space
       maintained near the waste             Yes      No
       containers?
  9    Are the waste containers
                                             Yes      No
       emptied at the end of each day?
 10    Are the waste containers filled
       no more than about three-             Yes      No
       quarters full?
 11    Are containers cleaned daily
                                             Yes      No
       after waste is emptied?
 12    Is segregated sharps waste
       sealed and labeled before             Yes      No
       transportation?
 13    Is medical waste other than
       sharps placed in clearly labeled
                                             Yes      No
       heavy-duty biohazard plastic
       bag or yellow plastic bag?




101
  Includes all health care facilities
  In case the response is “No� for any question, please take/ensure immediate appropriate mitigation
102

measures



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                                             Response
                  Activities                Check Yes or                    Remarks
                                               No102
 14    Does everyone who will be
       handling waste have the
                                             Yes      No
       appropriate PPE? (Gloves,
       tongs)
 15    Is chemical waste temporarily
       stored in the generator's             Yes      No
       laboratory?
 16    Is the chemical waste stored in a
       central waste-holding facility of     Yes      No
       the building?
 17    Are incompatible chemical
       wastes stored in separate             Yes      No
       containers?
 18    Are liquid waste containers only
                                             Yes      No
       filled to 70-80% capacity?
       Waste storage
 19    Are lids of waste bins and
       containers closed properly
                                             Yes      No
       during transportation from ward
       to central storage?
 20    Is waste storage area located
                                             Yes      No
       away from the patients?
 21    Are the waste collection tanks
                                             Yes      No
       completely enclosed?
 22    Are the waste collection tanks
                                             Yes      No
       not overfilled?
 23    Is waste storage area kept clean,
       free from loose litter and
                                             Yes      No
       malodorous       spillages    and
       debris?
 24    Is waste storage area free from
                                             Yes      No
       pests and vermin?
 25    Is waste storage area secure and
       with access restricted to             Yes      No
       authorized personnel only?
 26    Is waste storage area well lit?       Yes      No
 27    Is waste storage area well
                                             Yes      No
       ventilated?
 28    Is waste storage separated from
       food preparation area(s) and          Yes      No
       supply rooms?
 29    Is stored waste clear within the
            following periods?
           â–ª Maximum 48 hours
                                             Yes      No
               during the cool season
           â–ª Maximum 24 hours
               during the hot season
 30    Is waste storage area clearly
       marked with warning signs             Yes      No
       (biohazard symbol)?




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                                             Response
                  Activities                Check Yes or                    Remarks
                                               No102
 31    Is there access to first aid and
                                             Yes      No
            washing facilities?
 32    Is waste storage area away from
       routes used by the general            Yes      No
       public?
 33    Is bag for storage of infectious
       waste identified with the source
       where the waste is generated —        Yes      No
       either by a written label or with
       bar-coded tape or labels?
 34    Is water supply available for
       cleaning purpose in the storage       Yes      No
       area?
       Documentation
 35    Are policy and procedures for
       medical waste management              Yes      No
       available in the storage area?
 36    Are SOPs for waste holding and
       storage available in the storage      Yes      No
       area?
 37    Is the record of quantity of
       collected waste in the storage
                                             Yes      No
       area well maintained and up to
       date?
 38    Are HCWM training aids
                                             Yes      No
       posted in the storage area?
       Training
 39    Are storage area personnel
       training files up to date and         Yes      No
       available?
 40    Is refresher training available to
                                             Yes      No
       all related staff at least yearly?
 41    Do      personnel       understand
       hazards and how to minimize           Yes      No
       risks?
 42    Is injury and emergency
       response procedure known and
                                             Yes      No
       understood by all relevant
       personnel?




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