2 35 SPATIAL AND ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION FOR A GLOBAL CITY CHONGQING Chongqing can move toward becoming a global city by focusing on quality growth. The city’s significant assets include its sheer size and large population, thriving economy, and increasing integration into the global economy. ACHIEVING VISION CHONGQING: Four strategic By 2035, to become a global city that is directions and I. A hub for advanced manufacturing and knowledge-intensive services five pillars to II. A base for broader ASEAN regional development achieve Vision III. A city that offers opportunities for all Chongqing IV. A city of mountains and rivers that is green and highly livable Spatial Connectivity Innovation Inclusivity Green growth transformation transformation transformation transformation transformation promoting compact linking Chongqing to developing a skilled ensuring equality of identifying a low- and human-centered ASEAN markets future labor force opportunity across carbon transition development for high value add urban and rural pathway for districts and a free Chongqing flow of people Chongqing’s Key Actions Managing land as a scarce asset and developing Aiming to become a base for broader regional transit-oriented development: economic integration: ■■ Leveraging opportunities for expanding the subway ■■ Implementing a joint development strategy for the network to reshape Chongqing’s urban form: Chongqing-Chengdu corridor • Focusing on “infill” development to increase ■■ Forging a close collaboration with ASEAN (Association economic density of Southeast Asian Nations) • Making public transit the primary transport mode and becoming a car-light city Making Chongqing a green and livable city by: • Designing vibrant mixed-use neighborhoods based on ■■ Reducing the energy intensity of the economy and the city’s unique landscape of mountains and water, decarbonizing the energy mix by increasing the share on small blocks and on streets as places for people of renewables ■■ Treating green spaces, rivers and lakes as “green” Strengthening the city’s innovation capacity by: and “blue” assets and integrating them into the city’s ■■ Increasing municipal research and development (R&D) spatial planning and asset management system expenditure and encouraging companies to also increase R&D funding ■■ Building a large skilled workforce by becoming China’s center of excellence for vocational education 2 35 SPATIAL AND ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION FOR A GLOBAL CITY CHONGQING BENCHMARKING 30 indicators were used to benchmark Chongqing with Chongqing lags behind global cities in three areas: other global cities (Singapore, Tokyo, Hong Kong SAR, 1) economic density; 2) innovation; and 3) environmental Seoul, London and New York). sustainability. Strengths Weaknesses ■■ Strategic location as a gateway to China’s southwest ■■ Low productivity with a relatively low and uneven ■■ Significant reserve of developable land population density, together with low economic and ■■ Good land transport infrastructure morphological density ■■ Fast growing economy ■■ R&D spending by both the government and industry is ■■ Strong manufacturing base lower than other major Chinese cities and global cities ■■ Relatively low cost of living ■■ High energy intensity and carbon emissions compared to global cities. Benchmarking Indicators Spatial Structure and Economic Social Environmental Urban Fabrics Competitiveness Inclusiveness Sustainability ■■ Land expansion ■■ Economic performance ■■ Government ■■ CO2 emissions and ■■ Density and structure expenditure on energy consumption ■■ Transit accessibility ■■ Labor force education ■■ Water use ■■ Land use mix and jobs ■■ Innovation capacity ■■ Health care spending ■■ Air quality ■■ Block size and ■■ Connectivity intersection density MODELING URBAN GROWTH SCENARIOS: Two scenarios Results 1. Trend: Fragmented, 2. Compact growth: Land Reserve dispersed development Balanced growth ■■ Trend scenario will consume all land in the next will continue occurs strategically 20 years around transit ■■ Compact growth scenario could save up to 200km2 Infrastructure Cost ■■ Compact growth saves $5.4 billion capital costs for new roads, water, waste water, and utility infrastructure GHG Emissions ■■ Compact growth scenario saves 2.6 million metric tons annually as compared to the trend scenario Full report can be downloaded at https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/31386