ANNUAL REPORT FISCAL YEAR 2016 Government of Japan ANNUAL REPORT FISCAL YEAR 2016 Government of Japan ACHIEVING DEVELOPMENT RESULTS AT A GL ANCE Delivering integrated solutions to JSDF BENEFICIARIES REACHED help JSDF beneficiaries address their development challenges About 2.93 million people, of whom 50 percent are women, benefitted requires a focus on results. Over the from JSDF-financed project activities. past couple of years, JSDF has instituted mechanisms at the INCLUSIVE EDUCATION program level to support the Nearly 6,096 children of poor herder delivery of development results on families in Mongolia are prepared for the ground. JSDF-supported mainstream schools through home-based projects have yielded significant school preparation programs and improved learning through enrollment in results across many areas, as shown compensatory education programs below in selected examples from around the globe. About 255 deaf children function well in families and well prepared for mainstream schools; and The focus of the 70 JSDF-financed 50 deaf adults trained to become mentors of deaf children in Vietnam projects in Fiscal Year 2016 was on 6 thematic areas: Livelihood About 1,100teachers trained on Support; Improved Nutrition and inclusive education and 1,009 children with disabilities enrolled in schools in Malawi. Early Childhood Development; Inclusive Education; BASIC HEALTH AND Environmentally Sustainable SANITATION SERVICES Agricultural Practices, Adaptation to About 98,000 persons with Climate Change and access to improved sanitation facilities Community-Level Disaster Risk Nearly 2,480 households and schools Management; Legal Services and equipped with at least one improved Local Governance; Basic Health and sanitation facility in Ghana Sanitation Services. These projects Approximately 50percent reduction in stigma against Ebola-a ected reached millions of the poorest and individuals/households in Liberia marginalized men, women and children and helped to bring about a 248 Village Savings and Loans Schemes financed construction of 2,426 household positive change in their lives. toilets in Ghana. LEGAL SERVICES AND LIVELIHOOD SUPPORT LOCAL GOVERNANCE 1.07 million direct beneficiaries, About 23,389 poor and vulnerable of whom about 50 percent are women people have access to legal counseling Employment generated for about 22,026 persons, and representation, which increased their including women, through vocational training, awareness of their legal rights and the implementation of labor-intensive community-based mechanisms for exercising and enforcing infrastructure sub-projects those rights. These beneficiaries received training on Alternative Dispute Resolution Approximately 11,300 trained in livelihood opportunities; Nearly 40,000 poor communities are about 4,878 youths received vocational training better informed of their legal rights and Over 80 percent (on average) increase in mechanisms for enforcement household income as a result of project related interventions in Belize and Mongolia As many as 2,478 civil, criminal and family matters cases received and About 1,100 artisans trained in sustainable mining processed through new legal aid service techniques, business management and legal aspects in system introduced under the project. Ethiopia. IMPROVED NUTRITION AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE EARLY CHILDHOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, ADAPTATION TO DEVELOPMENT CLIMATE CHANGE AND COMMUNITY-LEVEL 736,584 direct beneficiaries DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT As many as 100,138 children under 82,469 small holder farmers reached, 5 years of age, adolescent girls, of whom 50,085 are women pregnant women and lactating mothers benefitted from nutrition Nearly 2,741 farms implementing education and basic nutrition services agro-forestry and mixed agriculture systems Average yield in participating farms increased by Approximately 96,903 children (0–24 months) participated in 21.6 percent against the target of 15 percent monthly growth monitoring and benefitted from improved Approximately 3,200 farmers trained in price feeding practices management tools introduced in the project 4 landslide mitigation sub-projects 100 percent of targeted infants exclusively breast-fed in project areas based on Management of Slope Stability in two countries in Africa in Communities methodology completed in selected project areas in Jamaica and 60 percent of severely 971 community leaders and 43 government malnourished children supported o cials were trained in this methodology. by projects gained weight. M E SSAG E F R O M JAEHYANG SO Director, Development Finance, Trust Funds and Partnerships It is with great pleasure that I present the 2016 Annual Report of the Japan Social Development Fund (JSDF). Fiscal Year 2016 has been very fulfilling with solid accomplishments by the JSDF. This one-of-a-kind trust fund continues to support the poorest men and women, youths, and other marginalized segments of the population who have been by-passed by mainstream development interventions. By piloting new innovative approaches to community engagement, JSDF proj- ects have brought insights that have routinely been scaled-up through projects financed by the World Bank Group and development partners, informed devel- opment policies and strategies of the country governments, and the work of our NGO/CSO partners. Hundreds of thousands of people across the globe have been provided with new opportunities to have their voices heard in decisions that affect their lives and to assume greater responsibilities for their own destiny. A comprehensive JSDF Results Framework capturing the distinctive features of the JSDF Program was developed in FY16. The two-tier structure of the Results Framework and the core sector indicators are aligned with that of the World Bank’s. The six thematic focus areas of JSDF Programs underpin the Results Frame- work. The development thematic areas are: (i) Livelihood Support, (ii) Nutrition and Early Childhood Development, (iii) Inclusive Education, (iv) Environmentally Sustainable Agricultural Practices, Adaptation to Climate Change and Community- Level Disaster Risk Management, (v) Basic Sanitation and Health Services, and (vi) Legal Services and Local Governance. The development results presented in this year’s Annual Report are based on the JSDF Results Framework. Results from the JSDF FY16 portfolio of projects are significant. A few examples are mentioned here. About 2.93 million people, of whom half are women, directly benefited from the 70 projects in the portfolio. Employment was generated for about 22,026 persons, including women, through vocational and new skills training, implementation of labor-intensive community-based infrastructure sub-projects and sustainable alternative (e.g., natural resources based) livelihood opportunities. Approximately 100,138 children under five years of age, adolescent girls, preg- nant women and lactating mothers from vulnerable households benefitted from iv Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 community based nutrition education and basic nutrition services. About 6,096 children of poor herder families were prepared for mainstream schools through home-based school preparation programs and improved learning through enroll- ment in compensatory education programs, about 1100 teachers trained on inclu- sive education, and 1009 children with disabilities have been enrolled in schools. Two JSDF projects helped smallholder farmers to implement agro-forestry and mixed agricultural systems for environmentally sustainable agricultural practices. In order to reduce vulnerability of small farmers to the increased volatility in global food markets, one JSDF project trained 3,200 farmers in agriculture price risk man- agement strategies. JSDF projects enabled 23,389 poor and vulnerable people to access legal counseling and representation, increase awareness of their legal rights and the mechanisms for exercising and enforcing those rights, and received training on Alternative Dispute Resolution. The experiences with the implementation of some of the closed projects informed the designs of the following lending operations: (i) JSDF Benin Community Nutri- tion Pilot Project informed the design of WBG financed Multisectoral Food Health and Nutrition Project ($28 million); (ii) the WBG financed Poverty Fund II Addi- tional Financing will continue to consolidate the livelihood and nutrition activities by strengthening village self-help groups and village nutrition centers established under the Lao PDR Mobilizing Ethnic Communities for Improved Livelihoods and Wellbeing Pilot Project; (iii) Strengthening Health Care for Results Project in Tanzania was informed by the JSDF Rural Food Fortification Project in Tanzania; and (iv) the design of the Quality Education for Children with Hearing Loss Project financed under the Global Partnership for Output-Based Aid Program benefited from the lessons learnt from the Vietnam Intergenerational Deaf Education Out- reach Project. On behalf of the World Bank Group and the JSDF beneficiaries, I would like to express our gratitude to the Government of Japan for their continued leadership and sustained support to the program, recognizing its valuable contribution to improving the lives of the poorest and most marginalized groups across the globe. Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 v CONTENTS MESSAGE FROM JAEHYANG SO ——­­————­­— iv ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS ——­­————­­— xiv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ——­­————­­— xvi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO JSDF PROGRAM ——­­————­­— 1 Program Objectives ——­­————­­— 1 JSDF Program Financial Contributions, Allocations and Disbursements Since Inception ——­­————­­— 1 Contributions ——­­————­­— 2 Types of JSDF Program Grants ——­­————­­— 2 JSDF Grants Approval ——­­————­­— 3 CHAPTER 2 PROGRAM ACTIVITIES IN FISCAL YEAR 2016 ——­­————­­— 4 Overview of FY16 Portfolio of Approved Recipient Executed Grants ——­­————­­— 4 Disbursements ——­­————­­— 4 FY16 Approval of JSDF Grants ——­­————­­— 6 Regular Program Grants ——­­————­­— 6 Seed Fund Grants ——­­————­­— 7 Tokyo International Conference for African Development (TICAD) V Action Plan Implementation ——­­————­­— 7 Scaling Up Nutrition Program ——­­————­­— 8 Support for the Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Ex-combatants Program ——­­————­­— 8 JSDF and the Global Development Network Collaboration Program ——­­————­­— 9 GDN Conference in Peru ——­­————­­— 9 vi Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 CHAPTER 3 PROJECT PERFORMANCE IN FISCAL YEAR 2016 ——­­————­­— 10 Thematic Priorities of the JSDF Program——­­————­­— 10 Aggregate Ratings of Project Development Objectives ——­­————­­— 12 Achievements of Active Projects – the Highlights ——­­————­­— 12 CHAPTER 4 LIVELIHOOD SUPPORT ——­­————­­— 13 Armenia: JSDF Strengthening the Livelihoods and Voice of Vulnerable and Disabled Persons ($2.67 million) ——­­————­­— 14 Bangladesh: Safe Migration for Bangladeshi Workers ($2.58 million) ——­­————­­— 15 Belize: Promoting Sustainable Natural Resource-based Livelihoods ($2.80 million) ——­­————­­— 16 Bolivia: Integrated Community-Driven Territorial Development for Remote Communities in the Amazon ($2.22 million) ——­­————­­— 18 Djibouti: Enhancing Income Opportunities ($2.73 million) ——­­————­­— 19 Ethiopia: Support to Artisan Miners ($2.87 million) ——­­————­­— 20 Philippines: Community Enterprise Development as a Pathway out of Poverty ($2.93 million) ——­­————­­— 21 Thailand: Community-based Livelihood Support for the Urban Poor ($2.85 Million) ——­­————­­— 22 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 vii CHAPTER 5 IMPROVED NUTRITION AND EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT ——­­————­­— 23 Bolivia: Early Childhood Care and Development in the Poorest and Most Vulnerable Urban Districts of La Paz and El Alto ($2.79 million) ——­­————­­— 24 India: Karnataka Multisectoral Nutrition Pilot Project ($4.55 million) ——­­————­­— 25 Tajikistan: Scaling-up of the JSDF Grant for the Pilot of Nutrition Investments in Severely Food Insecure Districts ($2.80 million) ——­­————­­— 26 Timor-Leste: Community Driven Nutrition Improvement Project ($2.85 million) ——­­————­­— 27 Togo: Cash Transfer for Vulnerable Children ($2.55 million) ——­­————­­— 28 Uganda: An Innovative, Integrated Approach to Enhance Smallholder Family Nutrition ($2.80 million) ——­­————­­— 29 Yemen: Emergency Targeted Nutrition Intervention ($2.73 million) ——­­————­­— 30 Zambia: Livelihood and Nutrition Project ($2.75 million) ——­­————­­— 30 CHAPTER 6 INCLUSIVE EDUCATION ——­­————­­— 32 Mongolia: Improving Primary Education Outcomes for the Most Vulnerable Children in Rural Mongolia ($2.46 million) ——­­————­­— 33 CHAPTER 7 ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND COMMUNITY-LED DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT ——­­————­­— 35 Kyrgyz: Support to Community Seed Funds ($2.80 million) ——­­————­­— 36 CHAPTER 8 LEGAL SERVICES AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE ——­­————­­— 37 Jordan: Enhancing Community Driven Legal Aid Services to the Poor ($2.61 million) ——­­————­­— 38 CHAPTER 9 BASIC HEALTH AND SANITATION SERVICES ——­­————­­— 39 Ghana: Results Based Financing for Sanitation and Hygiene ($2.85 million) ——­­————­­— 39 Liberia: Supporting Psychological Health and Resilience ($2.75 million) ——­­————­­— 41 Mozambique: Maputo Peri-Urban Sanitation ($1.78 million) ——­­————­­— 42 viii Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 CHAPTER 10 PERFORMANCE OF THE FY16 CLOSED PROJECTS PORTFOLIO ——­­————­­— 43 Livelihood Support ——­­————­­— 44 Mongolia: Community-led Infrastructure Project for the Urban Poor in Ulaanbaatar Phase II (TF099673; $2.77 million) ——­­————­­— 44 Tunisia: Emergency Support for Youth (TF010625; $2.78 million) ——­­————­­— 46 Tunisia: Community Works and Local Participation (TF012412; $2.87 million) ——­­————­­— 47 Improved Nutrition and Early Childhood Development ——­­————­­— 48 Belize: Improving Children’s Health and Nutrition (TF099168; $2.75 million) ——­­————­­— 48 Benin: Community Nutrition (TF097920; $2.80 million) ——­­————­­— 50 El Salvador: Safeguarding Human Capital of Urban Poor Children in the Context of Recurring Food Crisis (TF011078; $2.75 million) ——­­————­­— 51 Lao PDR: Mobilizing Ethnic Communities for Improved Livelihoods and Wellbeing (TF097786; $2.62 million) ——­­————­­— 53 Tanzania: Rural Food Fortification Project (TF099112; $2.63 million) ——­­————­­— 54 Inclusive Education ——­­————­­— 56 Honduras: Piloting New Forms of Community-Administered Education for Socially Vulnerable Communities in Honduras (TF094670; $1.71 million) ——­­————­­— 56 Malawi: Promoting Inclusion of Children with Disability into Basic Education for All Program (TF099386; $1.83 million) ——­­————­­— 57 Vietnam: Intergenerational Deaf Education Outreach (IDEO) Project (TF099058; $2.80 million) ——­­————­­— 59 Environmentally Sustainable Agricultural Practices, Adaptation to Climate Change and Community Level Disaster Risk Management ——­­————­­— 62 Burkina Faso: Emergency Livestock Feed Access Project (TF013331; $2.85 million) ——­­————­­— 62 El Salvador: Agricultural and Energy Risk Management: An Integral Strategy to Cope with Drought and Food Insecurity (TF013124; $1.83 million) ——­­————­­— 64 Guatemala: Strengthening the Resilience Capacity of Maya Indigenous Peoples and Peasants to Cope with Food Insecurity and Climate Change in Dry-Corridor (TF011700; $2.51 million) ——­­————­­— 65 Egypt: Participatory Farm-level Irrigation Modernization (TF098199; $2.75 million) ——­­————­­— 66 Nicaragua: Reducing Vulnerability of Small Farmers to Price Risk (TF014338; $1.00 million) ——­­————­­— 67 Honduras: Environmentally Sustainable Cacao Production for Small-Scale Indigenous Peoples and Afro-descendant Farmers (TF011699; $2.25 million) ——­­————­­— 69 Jamaica: Community Based Landslide Risk Reduction (TF095055; $2.38 million) ——­­————­­— 70 Legal Services and Local Governance ——­­————­­— 72 Nigeria: Access to Justice for the Poor (TF099276; $2.53 million) ——­­————­­— 72 Peru: Enhancing Integrated Legal Strategies for the Poor (TF099277; $1.12 million) ——­­————­­— 74 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 ix CHAPTER 11 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ——­­————­­— 76 CHAPTER 12 JSDF ACHIEVING DEVELOPMENT RESULTS – INSTITUTION OF PROGRAM LEVEL RESULTS FRAMEWORK ——­­————­­— 79 CHAPTER 13 ADMINISTRATION ——­­————­­— 84 Oversight of Program Activities ——­­————­­— 84 India: Economic Empowerment for Women (SEWA) ($1.80 million) ——­­————­­— 85 Philippines: JSDF Community Enterprise Development as Pathway out of Poverty Project ($2.90 million) ——­­————­­— 87 Philippines: JSDF Social Inclusion and Alternative Livelihood for the Informal Waste Sector ($2.90 million) ——­­————­­— 88 Uganda: An Innovative, Integrated Approach to Enhance Smallholder Family Nutrition ($2.80 million) ——­­————­­— 89 Ghana: JSDF Results-based Financing for Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene Project in Ghana ($2.85 million) ——­­————­­— 90 Japanese Visibility ——­­————­­— 93 CHAPTER 14 LOOKING TOWARDS THE FUTURE ——­­————­­— 94 List of Tables Table 1.1: Overview of JSDF Financials Since Inception to FY16 ($ Million) ——­­————­­— 1 Table 1.2: JSDF Grants Approved by Type FY12–16 ($ Million) ——­­————­­— 3 Table 2.1: Composition of JSDF Portfolio of Recipient-Executed Grants by Type and Status (by number and in $ Million) ——­­————­­— 4 Table 2.2: FY16 Portfolio: Cumulative Disbursement Performance of Active and Closed Grants by Region ——­­————­­— 5 Table 2.3: Disbursement Performance by Region and Grant Status (as % of Total Grant Amount) ——­­————­­— 5 Table 2.4: Regular Programs Approved in FY16 ——­­————­­— 6 Table 2.5: Seed Fund Grants Approved in FY16 ——­­————­­— 7 Table 2.6: List of Projects Approved in FY16 under the SUN Program ——­­————­­— 8 Table 2.7: List of Projects under Appraisal under the Support for the Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Ex-combatants Program ——­­————­­— 8 Table 3.1: Performance on Project Development Objectives ——­­————­­— 12 x Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 Table 4.1: Project Results — JSDF Strengthening the Livelihoods and Voice of Vulnerable and Disabled Persons in Armenia ——­­————­­— 14 Table 4.2: Project Results — Safe Migration of Bangladeshi Workers in Bangladesh ——­­————­­— 15 Table 4.3: Project Results — Promoting Sustainable Natural Resource-based Livelihoods in Belize ——­­————­­— 16 Table 4.4: Project Results — Integrated Community-Driven Territorial Development for Remote Communities in the Amazon in Bolivia ——­­————­­— 18 Table 4.5: Project Results — Enhancing Income Opportunities in Djibouti ——­­————­­— 19 Table 4.6: Project Results — Support to Artisan Miners in Ethiopia ——­­————­­— 20 Table 4.7: Project Results — Community Enterprise Development as a Pathway Out of Poverty in the Philippines ——­­————­­— 21 Table 4.8: Project Results — Community-based Livelihood Support for the Urban Poor in Thailand ——­­————­­— 22 Table 5.1: Project Results — Early Childhood Care and Development (ECD) in the Poorest and Most Vulnerable Urban Districts of La Paz and El Alto in Bolivia ——­­————­­— 24 Table 5.2: Project Results — Karnataka Multisectoral Nutrition Pilot Project in India ——­­————­­— 25 Table 5.3: Project Results — Scaling-up of the JSDF Grant for the Pilot of Nutrition Investments in Severely Food Insecure Districts in Tajikistan ——­­————­­— 26 Table 5.4: Project Results — Community Driven Nutrition Improvement Project in Timor-Leste ——­­————­­— 27 Table 5.5: Project Results — Cash Transfer Program for Vulnerable Children in Northern Togo ——­­————­­— 28 Table 5.6: Project Results — An Innovative Approach to Enhance Smallholder Family Nutrition in Uganda ——­­————­­— 29 Table 5.7: Project Results — Livelihood and Nutrition Project in Zambia ——­­————­­— 30 Table 6.1: Project Results — Improving Primary Education Outcomes for the Most Vulnerable Children in Rural Mongolia ——­­————­­— 34 Table 7.1: Project Results — Support to Community Seed Funds in Kyrgyz ——­­————­­— 36 Table 8.1: Project Results — Enhancing Community-Driven Legal Aid Services to the Poor in Jordan ——­­————­­— 38 Table 9.1: Project Results — Results Based Financing for Sanitation and Hygiene in Ghana ——­­————­­— 40 Table 9.2: Project Results — Supporting Psychological Health and Resilience in Liberia ——­­————­­— 41 Table 9.3: Project Results — Maputo Peri-Urban Sanitation in Mozambique ——­­————­­— 42 Table 10.1: Project Results — Mongolia Community Led Infrastructure Project for the Urban Poor in Ulaanbaatar ——­­————­­— 45 Table 10.2: Project Results — JSDF Emergency Support for Youth in Tunisia ——­­————­­— 46 Table 10.3: Project Results — Community Works and Local Participation in Tunisia ——­­————­­— 48 Table 10.4: Project Results — Improving Children’s Health in Belize ——­­————­­— 49 Table 10.5: Project Results — Community Nutrition in Benin ——­­————­­— 50 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 xi Table 10.6: Project Results — Safeguarding Human Capital of Urban Poor Children in the Context of Recurring Food Crisis in El Salvador ——­­————­­— 52 Table 10.7: Project Results — Rural Food Fortification in Tanzania ——­­————­­— 55 Table 10.8: Project Results: — Piloting New Forms of Community Administered Schools in Honduras ——­­————­­— 56 Table 10.9: Project Results — Malawi Promoting Inclusion of Children with Disability into Basic Education for All Program ——­­————­­— 58 Table 10.10: Project Results — Vietnam Intergenerational Deaf Education Outreach ——­­————­­— 60 Table 10.11: Project Results — Emergency Livestock Feed Access Project in Burkina Faso ——­­————­­— 63 Table 10.12: Project Results — El Salvador AGROENERGIA Project ——­­————­­— 64 Table 10.13: Project Results — Strengthening the Resilience Capacity of Maya Indigenous Peoples and Peasants to Cope with Food Insecurity and Climate Change in Guatemala ——­­————­­— 66 Table 10.14: Project Results — Participatory Farm-Level Irrigation Modernization in Egypt ——­­————­­— 67 Table 10.15: Project Results — Reducing the Vulnerability of Small Farmers to Price Risk in Nicaragua ——­­————­­— 68 Table 10.16: Project Results — Environmentally Sustainable Cacao Production for Small-Scale Indigenous Peoples and Afro-descendant Farmers in Honduras ——­­————­­— 70 Table 10.17: Project Results — Community-based Landslide Risk Reduction in Jamaica ——­­————­­— 71 Table 10.18: Project Results — Access to Justice for the Poor in Nigeria ——­­————­­— 72 Table 10.19: Project Results — Enhancing Integrated Legal Strategies for the Poor in Peru ——­­————­­—74 List of Figures Figure 1.1: JSDF: Cumulative Contributions (Inception to FY16, $ million) ——­­————­­— 2 Figure 3.1: JSDF Thematic Areas of Focus and Performance Indicators ——­­————­­— 11 Figure 12.1: JSDF Program Level Results Framework M&E Methodology ——­­————­­— 80 Figure 12.2: Scale-up of Piloted JSDF Activities WBG Operations/Development Partner Operations ——­­————­­— 81 Figure 12.3 (A): Achieving Development Results on the Ground — JSDF ——­­————­­— 82 Figure 12.3 (B): Achieving Development Results on the Ground — JSDF ——­­————­­— 83 xii Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 List of Boxes Box 6.1: Addressing the Pre-School Needs of the Nomadic Herding Communities of Mongolia ——­­————­­— 33 Box 9.1: The CLTS Approach ——­­————­­— 40 Box 10.1: A Healthier Lifestyle for Indigenous Women and Children in Belize ——­­————­­— 49 Box 10.2: Testing Innovative Inclusive Education Methods in Malawi ——­­————­­— 57 Box 10.3: Unlocking the Potential of Pre-School Deaf Children in Vietnam ——­­————­­— 61 Box 10.4: Engaging Citizens Through Mediation - the Kaduna Model ——­­————­­— 73 List of Annexes Annex 1: JSDF Regular Program Grants Approved in FY16 ——­­————­­— 96 Annex 2: JSDF Seed Fund Grants Approved in FY16 ——­­————­­— 97 Annex 3: JSDF Policy Guidelines and Program Allocation FY14–16 ——­­————­­— 98 Annex 4: JSDF Guidance Note on Visibility of Japan ——­­————­­— 103 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 xiii ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution IDEO Intergenerational Deaf Education AFR Africa Region Outreach ASM Artisanal and Small Scale Mining ISR Implementation Status Report CBO Community Based Organization JICA Japan International Cooperation CLTS Community Led Total Sanitation Agency CPS Country Partnership Strategy JSDF Japan Social Development Fund CN Concept Note LACON Legal Aid Council of Nigeria CSF Community Seed Fund Lao PDR Lao People’s Democratic Republic CSO Civil Society Organization LCR Latin America and Caribbean DFi Development Finance Region DPTF Department of Partnerships and LGA Local Government Area Trust Fund MENA Middle East and North Africa DO Development Objective MNP Micro Nutrient Powder DRM Disaster Risk Management NGO Non-Government Organization EAP East Asia and Pacific Region MIDP Most Innovative Development ECA Europe and Central Africa Region Project ECD Early Childhood Development MoSSaic Management of Slope Stability in EoJ Embassy of Japan Communities FCV Fragile, Conflict, Violence OD Open Defecation FJSS Free Justice Services Station ODF Open Defecation Free FY Fiscal Year O&M Operation and Maintenance GDN Global Development Network ORD Outstanding Research on GoJ Government of Japan Development GPOBA Global Program for Output Based OFSP Orange Flesh Sweet Potato Aid PANSAN National Food and Nutrition ICR Implementation Completion Security Policy Report PDO Project Development Objective SLTS School Led Total Sanitation PHRD Policy and Human Resources SUN Scaling Up Nutrition Development Fund TA Technical Assistance PRF Poverty Reduction Fund TTL Task Team Leader PROHECO Honduran Program for Community TICAD Tokyo International Conference on Based Schools African Development RE Recipient Executed VSLA Village Savings and Loan RF Results Framework Association SAR South Asia Region WBG World Bank Group SHG Self Help Group Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 xv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY T he Japan Social Development Fund (JSDF) Program is unlike other trust funds managed by the World Bank Group (WBG). JSDF financed projects focus on addressing the multi-dimensional aspects of poverty. The unique approach of the JSDF is to pilot innovative community based and community driven projects targeted at the poor and vulnerable communities in WBG member countries, who have generally been by-passed by mainstream development inter- ventions. The JSDF Program periodically realigns its focus to address emerging needs while maintaining the key principle of community driven development with poor and vulnerable communities in the driving seat. This Annual Report presents the financial and operational performance of the JSDF Program in Fiscal Year (FY) 2016. The report focuses particularly on the achievements of the development results of the projects in the FY16 portfolio. From inception (FY 2000) to the end of FY16, cumulative contributions by the Government of Japan (GoJ) to the JSDF amounted to $705.82 million. The total amount allocated to grants was $642.50 million of which total disbursements stood at $506.00 million. The FY16 portfolio comprised 70 Recipient-Executed (RE) projects that amounted to $191.11 million, of which 29 projects ($67.54 million) closed during this period. Eleven new projects, including Seed Fund grants, amounting $32.00 million were approved in FY16 to support improved access to basic health, promote inclusive education, livelihood opportunities, and better nutrition. Under the Tokyo International Development Conference for African Development (TICAD) V Action Plan, nine projects amounting to $27.00 million were under various stages of preparation in FY16. Of the six projects amounting to $18.00 million under the JSDF Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) Program, one (Senegal Household and Com- munity Resilience to Food and Nutrition Insecurity Shocks) was at the approval stage. The other five projects were at the preparation and appraisal stages. Three projects ($9.00 million) under the Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration xvi Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 of Ex-Combatants Program were being appraised. Challenging country circumstances in the FCV countries have delayed the appraisal timeline. In FY16, a comprehensive Results Framework (RF) for the JSDF Program was developed and it has been well received by WBG Management and the GoJ. The RF provides the building blocks and processes for effective measurement of the development achievements of the program and is aligned with the WBG’s tier structure and Core Sector Indicators. The RF articulates the causal chain to reach JSDF’s higher-level objectives to contribute to the WBG’s twin objectives to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity through supporting innovative projects. The RF is structured under two tiers that articulate the JSDF Program’s development objectives: ●● Tier I: JSDF Program Development Objectives aim to directly respond to the development needs of the poorest, marginalized and most vulnerable groups in society through six thematic areas outlined below; ●● Tier II: JSDF Program Development Objectives aim to provide rapid, demonstrable and sustainable benefits to the poorest and most vulnerable groups through scaling-up and or replicating design features of pilot projects in operations financed by WBG, development partners, governments, and NGOs. Six thematic focus areas of the JSDF Program underpin the RF. These are: (i) Livelihood Support, (ii) Nutrition and Early Childhood Development, (iii) Inclusive Education, (iv) Environmentally Sustainable Agricultural Practices, Adaptation to Climate Change and Community-Level Disaster Risk Management, (v) Basic Sanitation and Health Services, and (vi) Legal Services and Local Governance. The achievements of the development results of the FY16 portfolio of projects presented in this year’s Annual Report are in line with the thematic areas in the JSDF RF. The achievement of development results as discussed below demonstrates how JSDF-supported projects contributed in improving the lives of the poor and most vulnerable. About 2.93 million people, of whom about half are women, have directly benefited from the 70 projects in the FY16 portfolio. The projects under the Livelihood Support thematic area aimed to improve access of the poor and vulnerable people in rural and urban communities to gainful employment. The projects targeted youths in fragile and conflict countries, ethnic communities, poor farming and mining communities, vulnerable women, and persons with disabilities. About 22,026 poor men, women, and youth have secured employment opportunities in Armenia, Belize, Bolivia, Djibouti, Kenya, Mongolia, Thailand and Tunisia. Approximately 4,878 youths received vocational training in Djibouti and Tunisia and another 11,300 were trained in new skills and livelihood opportunities in Armenia, Bolivia, Ethiopia, Kenya and the Philippines. About 1,100 artisans in Ethiopia were trained in sustainable mining techniques, business management and legal aspects. On average, over 80 percent of those employed reported an increase in household income (Belize and Mongolia). About 370,000 potential migrants and their family members were provided orienta- tion on safe migration in Bangladesh. Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 xvii The FY16 portfolio of projects focused on Nutrition and Early Childhood Development targeted children less than five years of age, adolescent girls, pregnant women and lactating mothers in poor communities. The projects aimed at improvement of nutrition practices, promotion of cultiva- tion and consumption of nutrient rich crops among smallholder families, adoption of pro-nutrition livelihood activities among poor ethnic communities, reduction of chronic malnutrition in children under five, young children in poor rural areas, early childhood development in ethnic communities, vulnerable segment of population affected by crises, address micro-nutrient deficiencies. As many as 100,138 children under five years of age, adolescent girls, pregnant women and lactating mothers benefitted from nutrition education and basic nutrition services in Belize, Benin, India, Lao PDR, Tanzania and Timor-Leste. About 96,903 children (0–24 months) participated in monthly growth monitoring and benefitted from improved feeding practices in Uganda, Benin, and Lao PDR. Nearly 100 percent of the targeted infants were exclusively breast-fed in Benin, Timor-Leste and El Salvador. In Benin and Togo about 60 percent of the severely malnourished children supported by the proj- ects gained weight. JSDF projects have reached out to children who were unable to transition from community-based schools to mainstream secondary schools, have some form of disability, or are from rural herder communities and are unable to attend mainstream schools. The projects also focused on training of teachers to work with children with hearing disability. In FY16, a JSDF project helped prepare 6,096 children of poor herding communities in rural Mongolia for mainstream schools through home-based school preparation program and improved learning through enrollment in compen- satory education programs. In Malawi, about 1,100 teachers were trained in inclusive education and 1,009 children with disabilities were enrolled in schools. As a result of the JSDF interventions, about 255 deaf children functioned well in families and were well prepared for mainstream schools; and 50 deaf adults were trained to be mentors of deaf children in Vietnam. JSDF projects promote environmentally sustainable agricultural practices, adaptation to climate change and community based disaster risk management. About 82,469 smallholder farmers, of whom 60 percent are women, benefited from JSDF projects in Burkina Faso, Guatemala, Egypt, Kyrgyz and Nicaragua. Agro-forestry and mixed agriculture systems are being implemented in 2,471 farms in Guatemala and Honduras. The operating costs of farmers (supported by the JSDF project applying irrigation water to their fields in Egypt) were reduced by 82 percent exceeding the targeted 30 percent. In Kyrgyz, the average yield in farms participating in a JSDF project increased by 21.6 percent against the target of 15 percent. The Nicaragua project (under the Emergency Window) aimed to reduce the vulnerability of small farmers to increased volatility in international food markets by reducing transactions costs for trading of agriculture products locally and inter- nationally as well as increasing access to price risk management tools and strategies. The project facilitated training of 3,200 farmers in price management tools and helped to install an on-line plat- form for promotion of agricultural trade. So far, two trades have been made using the on-line risk management tools. In Jamaica, four landslide mitigation sub-projects based on the Management of Slope Stability in Communities methodology were completed in selected project areas in Jamaica and 971 community leaders and 43 government officials were trained in this methodology. xviii Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 Poor and vulnerable people often have very limited or no access to legal services, such as coun- seling, representation, and dispute resolution and are generally unaware of their legal rights. JSDF projects have provided support in this area. Projects in Jordan, Nigeria and Peru directly helped 23,389 people access legal counseling and representation, gain awareness of their legal rights and the mechanisms for exercising and enforcing those rights. These beneficiaries were also trained in Alternative Dispute Resolutions. The projects helped to establish 75 functioning legal aid clinics. In Peru, 2,478 civil, criminal and family matters cases were received and processed through the new legal aid service system introduced under the project. Several JSDF projects in FY16 aimed to improve hygiene practices, sanitation facilities and support the psychological health and resilience of poor communities. The projects in Ghana and Mozambique assisted about 98,000 persons with access to improved sanitation facilities. About 2,480 house- holds and schools were equipped with at least one improved sanitation facility in Ghana. In the Liberia project on supporting psychological health and resilience, the stigma against Ebola-affected individuals/households was reduced by about 50 percent. In the peri-urban and rural governor- ates in the southeast, central and northwest areas under the project in Tunisia, skilled personnel attended 99 percent of the births. All the closed projects were relevant to the country context, consistent with Country Partnership Strategies (CPS) and the government’s development strategies. While all the JSDF projects were focused on improving the quality of lives of the vulnerable and marginalized communities, the emergency projects were particularly focused on providing rapid income support and short-term employment to youths, female-headed household groups, safeguarding the health and nutrition of very young children of marginalized urban poor families against recurrent food crises, reducing the vulnerability of small farmers to the increased volatility of international food markets, and protecting small-small livestock farmers from animal feed crises. Some of the key lessons learnt from the closed projects include: (i) Clear and precise communication about the project among all stakeholders, at all levels of project implementation agencies, and with the target beneficiaries help achieve project out- comes. In addition to traditional communication methods, use of social media can be strate- gic in mitigating tensions and misunderstanding among key stakeholders. Social media can be an effective tool to raise awareness about the education needs of children with disabilities and to establish support networks; (ii) Youths can be positive agents of change in conflict countries when project interventions pro- mote social inclusion and cohesion approaches; (iii) Involving the private sector in the design of job training helps with opportunities for post-training employment; (iv) Pro-nutrition livelihood activities can be successful when project objectives are well focused and implementation procedures are simple; (v) Adequate resources are needed for training of teachers to attend to special education needs of children with disabilities. Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 xix The experiences with the implementation of some of the closed projects informed the designs of WBG financed lending operations. These include: (i) JSDF Benin Community Nutrition Project informed the design of WBG financed Multisectoral Food Health and Nutrition Project ($28 million); (ii) The WBG financed Poverty Reduction Fund (PRF) II Additional Financing aims to consolidate by strengthening village self-help groups and village nutrition centers set up under the JSDF Mobilizing Ethnic Communities for Improved Livelihoods and Wellbeing Project in Lao PDR; (iii) Design of the nutrition component focused on under-served areas in the WBG financed Strengthening Health Care for Results in Tanzania was informed by the JSDF Tanzania Rural Food Fortification Project; (iv) Design of the Quality Education for Children with Hearing Loss Project financed under the Global Partnership for Output-Based Aid Program benefited from the lessons from the Viet- nam Intergenerational Deaf Education Outreach Project. The JSDF Program remained committed to enhancing the visibility of the GoJ’s generous contri- bution. The Communication Tool-Kit continues to be used by the WBG Task Team Leaders (TTLs) to increase Japan’s visibility. The logo of the JSDF Program is being used in project related doc- uments and videos. Officials of the Embassy of Japan (EoJ) were invited to project launch work- shops. The JSDF team has met with the officials of the EoJ and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and briefed them on the team’s observations from the oversight missions to the project areas. xx Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO JSDF PROGRAM PROGRAM OBJECTIVES ship program The Japan Social Development Fund (JSDF) is a unique partner­ between the Government of Japan (GoJ) and the World Bank Group (WBG) that was established in the wake of the Asian financial crisis in 2000 to finance innovative economic and social pilot programs through Table 1.1 modest project and capacity building grants. The projects financed with JSDF grants aim to directly respond to the needs Overview of JSDF of the poorest and most vulnerable people by piloting innovative Financials Since Inception approaches. A related objective is to demonstrate the sustainable to FY16 ($ Million) benefits of these approaches to influence the design of develop- Contribution ment projects to benefit larger groups of marginalized people by scaling up or replicating the features of the pilot operations. Inception to FY16 705.82 FY12–16 176.32 FY16 11.37 JSDF PROGRAM FINANCIAL Unallocated Balance as of FY16 217.04 CONTRIBUTIONS, ALLOCATIONS Allocations Inception to FY16 642.50 AND DISBURSEMENTS SINCE FY12–16 134.91 INCEPTION FY16 18.07 Disbursements1 Since inception to FY16, the GoJ has provided approximately Inception to FY16 506.00 $705.82 million to the JSDF Program. Cumulative allocation to JSDF grants for the same period was $642.50 million from which FY12–16 220.03 $506.00 (79 percent) was disbursed. The Unallocated balance, as of FY16 33.81 end of FY16, amounted to $217.04 million. For details, see Table 1.1. Source: Department of Partnerships and Trust Funds2 1 Includes all Recipient, Bank-executed and Seed Fund grants. 2 The WBG Department of Partnerships and Trust Funds (DFPTF) provided all of the tables in this report. Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 1 CONTRIBUTIONS Of the $705.82 million cumulative contributions received from inception to FY16, 75% ($529.50 in value) was received from inception to FY11. Twenty five percent was received from FY12 – FY16 as shown in Figure 1.1 below. Figure 1.1 TYPES OF JSDF JSDF: Cumulative Contributions (Inception to FY16, $ million) PROGRAM GRANTS The JSDF Program currently provides the fol- lowing types of grants: ●● Regular Program Grants: These grants FY Inception – FY finance innovative activities that provide direct benefits to disadvantaged communities, and FY may be either: Project Grants, that target the FY poor and underserved groups not reached FY FY by mainstream programs through innovative programs that deliver results in the short-term; or Capacity Building Grants, that empower and strengthen local communities, NGOs, CSOs, and other stakeholders to strengthen their organizational and institutional capacities to better engage the JSDF target groups in their development through learning by doing. ●● Special Program Grants: These grants support Project and Capacity Building Grants responding to emergency crisis events such as natural catastrophic events or post- conflict needs. At the moment, there is one special program under implementation con- tributing—the Afghanistan Special Program—to support reconstruction and lay the foun- dations for community level government through social services and productive infrastruc- ture projects, promoting community-managed execution and community governance. Funding under this program is fully committed. ●● Emergency Program Grants: This program was introduced in 2010 to provide support through the Project and Capacity Building grants to assist the poorest and vulnerable groups to cope with the global food, fuel and financial crisis.3 This program was phased out in 2014. In FY16, there were 12 projects under implementation. Six of these projects closed in FY16. ●● Seed Fund Grants: JSDF is anchored in community driven development principles that require an effective participatory approach to designing project proposals. Extensive 3 The JSDF projects under this program complement two WBG’s programs: The Global Food Crisis Response Program and the Rapid Social Response Program. 2 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 consultations with potential beneficiary communities and other key stakeholders are critical for increased ownership of the project. JSDF provides grants of up to $75,000 to the WBG’s Task Team Leaders (TTLs) who intend to design JSDF projects in a participa- tory process. There is provision for an additional allocation of a maximum of $25,000 to collect baseline data for inclusion in the Results Framework in the proposed JSDF grant proposal. ●● JSDF – Global Development Network (GDN) Collaboration: The GoJ has been sponsor- ing the annual Global Development Awards and Medals Competition of the GDN through the Japan Policy and Human Resources Development (PHRD) Fund for several years. This competition supports and enhances the research capacity of developing countries. One of the categories of the competition is the Japanese Award for Outstanding Research on Development (ORD). In FY10, the GoJ introduced a grant of $200,000 through the JSDF to the winner of the first prize of ORD. JSDF GRANTS APPROVAL Since FY12, JSDF activities have been fully integrated into the Bank’s Investment Project Financing process through the Small RETF Grants Guidelines. These guidelines follow a two-tier approval process prior to country director approval. Japan has ultimate approval authority. Table 1.2 JSDF Grants Approved by Type FY12–16 ($, millions) FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 Grant Type Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount Regular Program Project and 16 43.19 5 14.20 6 18.00 5 14.69 7 31.70 Capacity Building Emergency 4 14.00 8 21.78 - - - - - - Window Other Grants Seed Fund 14 0.66 5 0.23 6 0.30 5 0.25 4 0.30 TOTAL 34 57.85 18 36.21 12 18.30 10 14.94 11 32.00 Source: DFPTF Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 3 CHAPTER 2 PROGRAM ACTIVITIES IN FISCAL YEAR 2016 OVERVIEW OF FY16 PORTFOLIO OF APPROVED RECIPIENT EXECUTED GRANTS The FY16 JSDF portfolio comprised of 70 Recipient Executed (RE) grants with an approved amount of $191.11 million. Twenty-nine grants amounting to $67.54 million closed in FY16. Table 2.1 shows the composition of the portfolio by grant type and implementation status. Table 2.1 Composition of JSDF Portfolio of Recipient-Executed Grants by Type and Status (by number and in $ Million) Regular Program Emergency Window Total Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount Closed in FY16 23 52.54 6 15.00 29 67.54 Active 35 105.29 6 18.28 40 123.57 TOTAL 58 157.81 12 33.30 70 191.11 Source: DFPTF DISBURSEMENTS Cumulative disbursements from 70 grants in FY16 amounted to $109.51 million, which is 57 percent of the total allocation. In FY15, the disbursement rate was 61 percent from 92 grants worth $142.03 million. Africa (AFR) had the largest portfolio both in number of grants and allocated amount in both FY15 and FY16. 4 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 Table 2.2 FY16 Portfolio: Cumulative Disbursement Performance of Active and Closed Grants by Region Total Grant Total Grant Number Amount Amount Disbursed Disbursement Region of Grants ($ Million) ($ Million) (%) Africa Region (AFR) 21 52.12 33.91 65 East Asia and Pacific (EAP) 14 48.50 20.76 43 Europe and Central Asia (ECA)  4 10.77 6.08 56 Latin America and Caribbean Region (LCR) 14 30.75 25.31 82 Middle East and North Africa (MNA)  9 23.03 16.01 70 South Asia Region (SAR)  8 22.94 7.44 32 TOTAL 70 191.11 109.51 57 Source: DFPTF The disbursement rate of active grants in FY16 was 49 percent and that of closed ones was 91 percent (Table 2.3). Five grants were activated in FY16 and disbursements from those grants were zero or negligible consistent with the standard profile for disbursements in the first year of grant implementation. This disbursement performance is comparable to FY15. The disbursement rate for active grants was 48 percent and closed grants 90 percent in the previous FY. Table 2.3 Disbursement Performance by Region and Grant Status (as % of Total Grant Amount) Active Closed Grant Grant Amount Disbursement Disbursement Amount Disbursement Disbursement Region ($ Million) ($ Million) (%) ($ Million) ($ Million) (%) AFR 32.23 18.04 56 17.27 15.87 92 EAP 15.99 8.04 50 15.98 12.73 80 ECA 10.77 6.08 56 - - - LCR 10.55 5.37 51 20.20 19.94 99 MNA 10.84 5.04 46 12.19 10.96 90 SAR 18.19 5.54 26 1.90 1.90 100 TOTAL 98.57 48.11 49 67.54 61.40 91 Source: DFPTF Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 5 FY16 APPROVAL OF JSDF GRANTS In FY16, eleven grants were approved for approximately $32.00 million under the Regular and the Seed Fund Programs. (Tables 2.4 and 2.5). Four of these grants were not activated in FY16. Regular Program Grants Seven grants worth $31.70 million were approved in FY16 under the Regular Program. These grants were provided to support key thematic areas of JSDF Programs, such as basic health, inclusive education, livelihood support, and nutrition and early childhood development. (Table 2.4). The EAP region’s share was about 72 percent of the total amount approved in FY16. The reason being the highest amount approved for a single grant ($11.5 million) for a Myanmar project in EAP region. Annex I provides the development objectives of these grants. Table 2.4 Regular Programs Approved in FY16 Total Grant Trust Fund Grant Name Country Region Amount % TF0A1513 Voice and Action: Social Accountability Cambodia EAP 5.24 17% TF0A1514 for Improved Service Delivery TF0A2429 Early Childhood Care and Development Cambodia EAP 3.00 9% for Floating Villages N/A Enhancing the National Communuity-Driven Myanmar EAP 11.50 36% Development Project (NCDDP) TF0A3059 Indus Eco Region Community Livelihood Pakistan SAR 3.00 9% Project (IECLP) TF0A2643 Northern Uganda Business Support Programme Uganda AFR 3.00 9% TF0A2244 Northern Mountain Integrated Child Nutrition Vietnam EAP 2.96 9% Improvement N/A Youth Business Support South Sudan AFR 3.00 9% TOTAL 31.70 100% Source: DFPTF 6 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 Table 2.5 Seed Fund Grants Approved in FY16 Grant Amount Name of Grant Proposal Region (in $ Million)4 Assessing the Feasibility of a Nutrition-sensitive Agricultural Development Project LCR 0.08 with female producers in the Dry Corridor of Nicaragua Albinism Advocacy and Social Development in Tanzania AFR 0.07 Nepal Post Earthquake Support to Youth and Vulnerable Groups SAR 0.08 Sierra Leone Justice Services for the Poor Preparation AFR 0.07 TOTAL 4 grants 0.30 Source: DFPTF Seed Fund Grants Four Seed Fund grants worth about $0.3 million were approved in FY16. (Table 2.5). These grants will help to support the participatory bottom-up consultation with JSDF target groups and key stakeholders to prepare projects focused on nutrition-sensitive agriculture, disability, piloting trauma-sensitive training and reintegration of youth and women in the labor market and access to legal services. (See Annex 2) Tokyo International Conference for African Development (TICAD) V Action Plan Implementation Under the TICAD V (2013–2017) Action Plan, the GoJ allocated $30.00 million to support the Africa Growth Initiative and Global Health and Job Creation through the following JSDF Programs: ●● Scaling-Up Nutrition (SUN): Technical Assistance (TA) worth $20.00 million allocated to improve the mortality rate of infant and their mothers and improve malnutrition (in close cooperation with projects under the WBG administered SUN Trust Fund); ●● Support for the Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Ex-combatants: TA worth $10.00 million allocated to improve the unemployment rate by providing job training to young job seekers, such as former soldiers. 4 The grant amounts have been rounded off. The total amount approved for Seed Funds was $299,650. Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 7 Scaling Up Nutrition Program In FY16, $18.00 million was approved for six projects under the JSDF SUN Program, of which the Senegal Building Resilience to Food and Nutrition Insecurity Shocks was in the advance stage of approval at the close of FY16. The other five projects are under preparation. The Malawi Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture Pilot is being supported by the JSDF Seed Fund to ensure consultation with the beneficiaries prior to project design. Table 2.6 List of Projects Approved in FY16 under the SUN Program Name of the Project Amount ($ Million) Burundi: Maternal and Child Nutrition Enhancement 3.00 Cote d’Ivoire: Support to Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture and Capacity Development 3.00 for Small and Marginal Farmers Ethiopia: Promoting Young Women’s Livelihood/Nutrition 3.00 Ghana: Improving Feeding Practices for First 1,000 days 3.00 Malawi: Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture Pilot 3.00 Senegal: Building Resilience to Food and Nutrition Insecurity Shocks 3.00 Total: Number of Projects: 6 18.00 Support for the Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Ex-combatants Program Allocation of $10.00 million is largely committed for this Program. (Table 2.7). Three projects ($9.00 million) as shown in the table below were being appraised in FY16. The project appraisal process has been slow due to adverse security conditions in the countries. Table 2.7 List of Projects under Appraisal under the Support for the Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Ex-combatants Program Name of the Project Amount ($ Million) South Sudan: Economic Empowerment for Conflict-Affected Youth 3.00 Republic of Congo: Support for Sustainable Livelihoods Promotion 3.00 Democratic Republic of Congo: Social Cohesion and Livelihoods Support 3.00 Project in Province Orientale Total: Number of Projects: 3 9.00 8 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 JSDF and the Global Development Network Collaboration Program The Japan Policy and Human Resources Development (PHRD) Fund has supported innovation in development through the GDN for the past five years. PHRD grants supported the Japanese Award for Most Innovative Development Project (MIDP), which, along with the Japanese Award for ORD is part of the Annual Global Development Awards and Medals Competition organized by GDN. The MIDP awards are provided to NGOs whose early stage projects embody a fresh approach and a high potential for development impact for the poor in developing countries. The selection criteria include: degree of innovation, social impact, and the potential for broad application of the project in other countries. The winner of the first prize is also eligible to apply for a grant of up to $200,000 through the JSDF. Under this collaboration, the GDN receives $30,000 to supervise the activities of the grant recipient NGOs. GDN Conference in Peru The FY16 conference theme was “Education for Development: Quality and Inclusion for Changing Global Human Capital Needs”. The first prize of $30,000 for the Japanese Award for MIDP was awarded to the POWER99 Foundation, Pakistan for their project: Broad Class – Listen to Learn – Interactive Radio Instruction Program. This is an educational program that combines radio broadcasts with active learning to improve educational quality and teaching practices. The program exposes learners to regular, curriculum-based content and models effective teaching activities for teachers. The Program follows an interactive pedagogical approach for improving literacy, numeracy and healthy habits among young children from marginalized communities. The broadcasts have been held in 1,848 classrooms in 660 public schools reaching 80,000 children, 2,592 teachers, 73 education officials and 12,598 communities/parents. Power99 is eligible to apply for a $200,000 JSDF grant to be managed by GDN. Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 9 CHAPTER 3 PROJECT PERFORMANCE IN FISCAL YEAR 2016 T his chapter provides an assessment of the performance of JSDF financed projects towards the achievements of the PDO in two ways. The first pres- ents the achievements towards the PDO ratings in aggregate by regions. The second is a more detailed description of the performance toward the achievement of the PDO of the projects that were active in FY16. Similar descrip- tions for the projects that closed in FY16 are presented in Chapter 4. The achievements towards the achievement of the PDO are based on results achieved against the outcome indicators reported by the TTLs in the last Imple- mentation Status Report (ISR) for the project for FY16. Since 2012, the system of reporting on the performance of trust-funded projects has been aligned with that of the WBG’s lending operations. Accordingly, the Task Team Leaders (TTLs) of JSDF-financed projects report biannually on the achievements towards reaching the intended PDO and implementation performance through WBG’s standard ISR. The TTLs rate the performance in both categories on a six-point scale. The ratings were based on the achievements of the outcome indicators against the project completion targets. The indicators and the targets were determined at the project preparation and in some cases adjusted at mid-term review for realism. The results of the closed projects are based on the Completion Reports prepared by the TTLs after project closing. The development results of the projects are organized around six JSDF thematic priority areas. These themes underpin the JSDF Results Framework (RF) outlined in Chapter 12. Thematic Priorities of the JSDF Program A distinctive feature of the JSDF Program is its ability to reprogram, as needed, to respond to the emerging development needs of the poor and marginalized to cope with poverty, nutritional food insecurity, natural disasters and conflicts. The JSDF Program centered on six results focused development thematic areas that are largely aligned with the World Bank’s core sector indicators. These are 10 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 shown in Figure 3.1 along with key outcome indicators to determine the achievements of the proj- ect activities implemented under each thematic area (Also refer to Chapter 12 which outlines the details of the program level Results Framework). Figure 3.1 JSDF Thematic Areas of Focus and Performance Indicators 1 Livelihood Support Ⅲ Access to employment and livelihood opportunities of the poor and vulnerable people improved 2 Improved Nutrition and Early Ⅲ Access to basic health and nutritional services, particularly to adolescent girls, pregnant women, lactating mothers, infants and Childhood Development children from 0–5 years old improved 3 Inclusive Education Ⅲ Basic education opportunities for children in remote rural areas and with disabilities and girls improved 4 Environmentally Sustainable Agricultural productivity of small and marginal farmers increased Agricultural Practices, Ⅲ Adaptation to Climate Change Ⅲ Environmentally sustainable farming methods promoted Ⅲ Community-level disaster risk preparedness improved and Community-level Disaster Risk Management 5 Legal Services and Local Ⅲ Poor and vulnerable people better informed of their legal rights and have access to mechanisms for enforcement of those rights Governance 6 Basic Sanitation and Ⅲ Access to better health and sanitation services improved Health Services Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 11 AGGREGATE RATINGS OF PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES Project performance towards the achievement of the PDO in FY16 was good with a rating of 78 percent of the projects rated Moderately Satisfactory or higher. Six projects were not rated as these became effective in FY16. Table 3.1 Performance on Project Development Objectives Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Region Number of Grants or Higher Unsatisfactory or Lower AFR 21 16 3 EAP 14 8 3 ECA 4 4 0 LCR 14 12 2 MNA 9 7 2 SAR 8 7 0 TOTAL 70 54 10 Source: DFPTF ACHIEVEMENTS OF ACTIVE PROJECTS — THE HIGHLIGHTS The FY16 portfolio of JSDF financed projects focused on addressing the complexities inherent in the multi-dimensional aspects of poverty. The approach of the JSDF is essentially to pilot community based and community driven projects targeted at poor and vulnerable communities who have generally been by-passed by mainstream development interventions. The following sections discuss the achievements of the active projects in FY16 towards reaching the PDO. Each section starts with a summary of the achievement of development results by the- matic areas for both active and closed projects. 12 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 CHAPTER 4 LIVELIHOOD SUPPORT T he projects under this thematic area aim to improve access to gainful employment by the poor and vulnerable people in rural and urban commu- nities and target the youth, ethnic communities, poor farming and mining communities, artisans, vulnerable women, and persons with disabilities. Various approaches were taken to achieve the objective of supporting livelihoods of the poor, including: short-term labor-intensive community infrastructure projects, community based sustainable natural based alternative livelihoods, youth-led enterprises, and nutrition-based safety net programs, and vocational training. ACHIEVING DEVELOPMENT RESULTS 1.07 million 1,100 artisans in 370,000 potential direct beneficiaries, sustainable mining migrants and family of whom about techniques, business members provided 50 percent were management and orientation on safe women legal aspects (Ethiopia) migration (Bangladesh) Employment generated for about 22,026 persons (of whom 60% were women), through vocational training, implementation of labor-intensive community-based infrastructure sub-projects (Armenia, Belize, Bolivia, Djibouti, Mongolia, Thailand, Tunisia) Over 80 percent (average) 4,878 youths 11,300 trained in increase in household income received vocational livelihood opportunities as a result of project related training (Djibouti (Armenia, Bolivia, interventions and Tunisia) Ethiopia, Philippines) (Belize, Mongolia) Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 13 ARMENIA: JSDF Strengthening the Livelihoods and Voice of Vulnerable and Disabled Persons ($2.67 million) Objective: to pilot self-reliant livelihoods and a generation of employment opportunities combined with the provision of vital services for extremely poor and vulnerable groups, including persons with disabilities, in Armenia. The project has been implemented by an NGO – Mission Armenia. The project is expected to close in September 2016. Achievements: The PDO was achieved. The results have exceeded the project end targets as outlined in the table below. Table 4.1 Project Results — JSDF Strengthening the Livelihoods and Voice of Vulnerable and Disabled Persons in Armenia Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Graduates in sustained wage employment (in number) 203 200 [Target: 200 of the 800 vocational education graduates with disabilities employed 3 months after graduation] Number of business in sustained operation 92 30 [Target: 30 out of 80 new business in operation 3 months after start-up] Increase of individuals helped by Mission Armenia to get benefits (in number) 1,210 1,000 Retaining or increasing capacity to independently carry out activities of daily 86.5 70 living (in %) Community financing (in %) 12 11 Project beneficiaries (in number) 4,774 4,000 [Beneficiaries include poor people with disabilities and other extremely urban poor in 15 location in six provinces] The following planned activities have been completed that contributed to meeting the project’s development objective. ●● 845 persons completed vocational training; ●● Hot meals, health services, social services, and counseling provided to more than 4,500 beneficiaries on a continuous basis within Mission Armenia’s multi-functional service centers and in the beneficiaries’ homes; ●● Remodeling of designated facilities completed in 18 project sites; ●● 430 persons with disabilities trained in advocacy and self-help skills. 14 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 BANGLADESH: Safe Migration for Bangladeshi Workers ($2.58 million) Objectives: to reduce vulnerability of migrant workers and their families in 80 sub-districts through a demonstration pilot that (i) provides better access to accurate and timely information and services for safe migration; and (ii) establishes and strength- ens Community-Based Organizations in order to reduce dependency of migrants on middlemen. The project is expected to close in June 2017. Theater for development show: Achievements: Project implementation is Safe migration messages are also on track to achieve the PDO as outlined in disseminated locally through the Table below. innovative mechanisms, including popular street theatre. Table 4.2 Project Results — Safe Migration of Bangladeshi Workers in Bangladesh Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Number of Community Based Organizations established or strengthened 77 80 Number of direct project beneficiaries (in millions) 1.03 0.86 Women beneficiaries (as % of total beneficiaries) 60 15 Number of migrants and family members oriented on safe migration and 1.03 0.86 remittance management (in millions) Number of potential migrants receiving pre-migration services 14,112 9,000 The following activities contributed towards the achievement of the results: ●● Community Based Organizations (CBO) in all project locations identified and provided information and services to aspiring migrants and their families through courtyard meetings, interactive popular theatre shows, video documentaries and more focused and intensive pre-decision orientation sessions for those beneficiaries who wish to learn more. The program has proven successful in orienting prospective migrant workers, allowing participants to gain more confidence in regard to the decision making process; Potential migrants identified who have expressed interest in building their skills; the proj- ●●  ect provided linkage and referral services to appropriate training institutions and subsi- dized the cost of training; Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 15 Electrician/ housekeeping training Small grants provided to nine NGOs, selected through a competitive process, to provide ●●  innovative services for aspiring migrants. These services include: provision of training at the local level; dissemination of safe migration messages through Community Radio, and communication services for migrants who are abroad to connect with their families at home. BELIZE: Promoting Sustainable Natural Resource-based Livelihoods ($2.80 million) Objective: to promote viable and sustainable natural resource-based livelihoods for participating communities in Belize, thereby reducing anthropogenic pressures on key natural resources. The project is expected to close in November 2016. Achievements: The project results achieved to-date are outlined in the Table below. Table 4.3 Project Results — Promoting Sustainable Natural Resource-based Livelihoods in Belize Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Direct beneficiaries (number of people benefited from project) in developing 1,528 3,250 sustainable natural resources based livelihoods and new knowledge and skills % of total beneficiaries women 46 25 Increase in household income of project participants through sustainable 14.4 25.0 community and natural resource-based alternative livelihoods (in percent) 16 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 Training in hive construction for Sarteneja Honey Producers group Project implementation was slow during the first two years but accelerated in the third and fourth years for the following reasons: ●● Due to the limited capacity of the project beneficiary communities, they required more than the planned amount of assistance to organize, enhance capacity, and develop their investment proposals; ●● In November 2015, the general elections and subsequent realignment of the ministries resulted in the Project Steering Committee needing to be re-constituted, thus slowing the approval process of sub-projects. End of training in honey production for the group in San Felipe Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 17 BOLIVIA: Integrated Community-Driven Territorial Development for Remote Communities in the Amazon ($2.22 million) Objective: to pilot a participatory sustainable territorial planning model for the Eligible Communi- ties through small investments projects and improved participation in municipal land-use planning. The Project activities include: (i) supporting the Municipalities of San Buenaventura and Ixiamas in its institutional development, mainly developing capacities to improve the participation of rural communities in territorial planning; and (ii) develop 40 Land-Use Plans at the level of communities, as part of municipal territorial planning. The project became effective in May 2014 and is expected to close in January 2017. Achievements: The project implementation is on track after recovering from initial delays in execution. Results achieved to-date are presented in the Table below. Table 4.4 Project Results — Integrated Community-Driven Territorial Development for Remote Communities in the Amazon in Bolivia Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Project beneficiaries (in number) 2,500 1,800 Number of people trained in integrated management of their individual 407 600 properties Number of sustainable income generating sub-projects for agro-forestry 37 40 systems developed Number of communities (with approximately 3,800 inhabitants) have 27 25 contributed to consolidate local territorial land-use agreements aimed at reducing the current deforestation ratio The following activities will contribute to the achievement of the PDO. ●● 27 community sub-projects under implementation benefiting 2,800 people in 632 families; ●● Land-use plans from 38 communities completed, of which 27 have been validated by the communities and sent to the municipalities; ●● 28 sub-projects approved through an open competition and award process respecting the organizational structure of the indigenous and peasants’ organizations. 18 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 DJIBOUTI: Enhancing Income Opportunities ($2.73 million) Objective: to improve access to livelihood skills train- ing and access to finance for at least 3,000 low- and semi-skilled youth and women in poor communities in Djibouti-ville and neighboring Arta, the northern region of Tadjoura, and the southern region of Ali Sabieh. Proj- ect components include: (i) training and business plan competition for youth; and (ii) value chain integration for female artisans. The project became effective in August 2015 and is expected to close in May 2019. ICT based registration of youth interested in Achievements: The project is on track with implementa- the Program tion of the following activities: Community facilitators selected and trained and the registration and selection (through ●●  public lottery) of beneficiaries in the eight pilot locations completed; Very strong demand with over 1,500 individuals registering for the program, including a ●●  large share of young women (55% of applicants); Training activities for the first wave of 192 youths, of whom 50% are girls, initiated. ●●  The above activities contributed to the results achieved so far against project completion targets, presented in the table below. Table 4.5 Project Results — Enhancing Income Opportunities in Djibouti Key Outcome Indicators Results Target Number of direct beneficiaries (of which 50 percent are women) 192 3,000 Beneficiaries linked to formal financial institutions (in %) 2.5 25 Beneficiaries of Labor Market programs (number) 192 3,000 Djibouti: Employment and Human Capital Safety Net was scaled up into the IDA Human Capital Safety Net Project and subsequent Additional Financing to the Credit amounting to $10 million. Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 19 ETHIOPIA: Support to Artisan Miners ($2.87 million) Objectives: to significantly reduce the poverty levels of sixteen artisan and small-scale mining (ASM) communi- ties in rural Ethiopia through the provision of training and small credit facilities, promoting social, economic and environmental sustainability. Key project components include: (i) Baseline assessment, Strategy Design and Environmental Safeguards Management; (ii) Capacity building, training, and support to enhance the sustainabil- ity of ASM; and (iii) Improvement of basic services and Technical training on access to health facilities. The project is expected to close Lapidary of precious in November 2016. stones/gemstones to Achievements: The results achieved by the end of FY16 women organized groups in Kombolcha, Amhara Region are shown in the table below. Table 4.6 Project Results — Support to Artisan Miners in Ethiopia Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Number of women in ASM communities trained and equipped for improved 500 500 and sustainable mining techniques Increase in formal participation and employment of women miners in 28 30 participating communities (in %) Proportion of households with access to potable water and sanitation 60 100 provisions in participating communities (in %) The approach to training of women in ASM communities was changed to training of trainers instead of direct training. As such, every women’s group designated a certain number of representa- tives to participate in the training sessions with these women then organizing training sessions for other women in the communi- ties. This approach will expand Tigray women economic strengthening the technical expertise to a larger groups in gold mining site number of women. 20 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 PHILIPPINES: Community Enterprise Development as a Pathway out of Poverty ($2.93 million) Objective: to improve the livelihood and quality of life of poor households in the target municipalities through increased income and access to financial services, development of community led enterprises linked to markets, and local economic development support. The project is expected to close in August 2017. The project faced operational challenges that delayed implementation due to the following factors: (i) delay in the opening of a project designated account; (ii) delay in the selection and approval of the pilot munic- Members of Community Enterprise Group in La Paz earned additional ipalities; signing of memorandums of agreement with income from consolidating their pilot municipalities; and procurement of project spe- products and selling them directly to cialists and municipal project management teams. an institutional market Achievements: Notwithstanding the delays, the project was able to develop the capacity of the tar- geted communities to identify community development Philippines: Community activities. For each pilot municipality, the community Enterprise Development enterprise association has developed a common prod- uct that is linked to the market (institutional buyer) and as Pathway out of Poverty- supported by the local economic development program of the municipality. The community enterprise associa- Initial linkages made with tions have developed proposals to scale up operations together with their proposed common service facilities other WBG supported that are envisaged to support their product consolida- tion. The successful completion of the capacity building projects in Mindanao activities has contributed to the results in the table below. Table 4.7 Project Results — Community Enterprise Development as a Pathway Out of Poverty in the Philippines Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Number of products of community enterprises linked with institutional markets 6 6 Local economic plan improved/revised/enhanced reflecting support to 3 4 community enterprises (in numbers) Number of project participants trained on production consolidation to meet 4,336 6,000 market requirements (in numbers) Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 21 THAILAND: Community-based Livelihood Support for the Urban Poor ($2.85 Million) Objective: to provide 3,000 vulnerable households in poor urban communities bridged income support and improved living conditions. The project is expected to close in April 2017. Achievements: The project is on track to achieve its PDO as outlined in the table below. Table 4.8 Project Results — Community-based Livelihood Support for the Urban Poor in Thailand Key Outcome Indicators Results Target Percent of women’s participation in paid labor component of rehabilitation 30 30 activities Number of community volunteers trained in 50 targeted communities 116 200 Number of technically sound community rehabilitated plans developed in 50 50 four project areas Number of community grants transferred to targeted groups 50 50 Percent of community rehabilitation plans implemented in a timely manner 100 100 and in line with Operational Manual The following actions contributed to the results indicated above: ●● Completion of the 49 of 50 Phase 1 sub-projects and 26 of 36 sub-projects in Phase 2; ●● Implementation of a solid community mobilization process and strong collaboration with municipal governments maintained. 22 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 CHAPTER 5 IMPROVED NUTRITION AND EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT T he FY16 portfolio of projects in this thematic area mainly targeted children less than five years of age, adolescent girls, pregnant women, and lactating mothers of poor communities. The projects focused on improved nutrition ACHIEVING DEVELOPMENT RESULTS 736,584 direct beneficiaries 60 percent of mothers can 60 percent of provide at least three age appropriate activities for severely malnourished children supported by 100,138 children under five children below five years of project gained weight years of age, adolescent girls, age (El Salvador) (Benin and Togo) pregnant women and lactating mothers benefitted from Results of three pilot projects informed the nutrition education and basic design of WBG financed lending operations: nutrition services (Belize, Benin, Benin Community Nutrition Project informed the Karnataka in India, Lao PDR, design of WBG financed Multisectoral Food Tanzania, Timor-Leste) Health and Nutrition Project ($28 million) 96,903 children (0–24 months) Tanzania Rural Food Fortification Project participated in monthly growth informed the design of the nutrition component monitoring and benefitted from focused on under-served areas in the improved feeding practices Strengthening Health Care for Results in Tanzania (Uganda, Benin, Lao PDR) The WBG financed Poverty Reduction Fund II Additional Financing Project to continue to 14,000 targeted 100 percent of infants consolidate livelihoods and nutrition activities of beneficiaries Mobilizing Ethnic Communities for Improved exclusively of cash breast-fed Livelihoods and Wellbeing Project in Lao PDR by strengthening 306 SHGs and 15 Village Nutrition transfers (Benin, Centers. in Togo Timor-Leste) Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 23 practices, promotion of cultivation and consumption of nutrient rich crops among smallholder families, adoption of pro-nutrition livelihood activities among poor ethnic communities, reduction of chronic malnutrition in children under five, young children in poor rural areas, early childhood development in ethnic communities, vulnerable segment of population affected by crises, address micro-nutrient deficiencies. Approaches to achieve these objectives included the follow- ing: combine a workfare program with social assistance, conditional cash transfers, innovative delivery mechanisms involving mothers and grandmothers, and empowerment. BOLIVIA: Early Childhood Care and Development in the Poorest and Most Vulnerable Urban Districts of La Paz and El Alto ($2.79 million) Objectives: to reduce child-care constraints for unemployed or precariously employed young mothers and promote the healthy development of their children in the selected districts. The project was expected to close in July 2016. Achievements: Project has made important progress towards achieving the PDO. All the four out- come indicators have been met (Table 5.1). ●● The project targeted 72 (50%) of the Early Childhood Development (ECD) centers to attain quality standards and improved action plans implemented. This target was achieved; ●● The project exceeded the target to benefit 180 children aged 0–4 from new or refurbished centers under the sustainable ECD modality; Table 5.1 Project Results — Early Childhood Care and Development (ECD) in the Poorest and Most Vulnerable Urban Districts of La Paz and El Alto in Bolivia Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Percent of ECD centers with quality standards defined and improvement 50 50 action plans implemented Number of children aged 0–4 benefiting from new or refurbished centers 350 180 under the sustainable ECD modality Percentage of community organizations (1 School Board per ECD center) 50 50 in participating districts accessing project information Percentage of mothers of participating children trained in productive skills 50 50 and sexual and reproductive health Number of direct project beneficiaries 5,200 5,200 Women beneficiaries as % of total 60 60 24 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 ●● The target of having 50% (72) of school boards of existing ECD centers accessing budgetary project information has been met; ●● The end-of-project target of having 50% of mothers of participating children trained in productive skills and/or sexual and reproductive health has been met. This represents 500 out of the 1000 total mothers of children assisted in the centers. INDIA: Karnataka Multisectoral Nutrition Pilot Project ($4.55 million) Objectives: to increase utilization of nutrition-improving services by under-three children, adolescent girls and pregnant and nursing women from poor households in the target areas. The project is expected to close in July 2017. Achievements: The project is on track to achieve its PDO. The following project activities have contributed to the above results: ●● Recruitment of Village Nutrition Volunteers in the 421 target villages selected and trained on key nutrition messages and growth monitoring of children, women and adolescent girls; ●● Monthly community outreach through household visits to target beneficiaries i.e. pregnant and lactating women and children 0–3 years of age from identified poor households; ●● Mobilization of women and adolescent girls groups by the project Village Nutrition Volunteers, with 1,101 women’s Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and 423 adolescent groups periodically oriented on key health and nutrition practices; ●● A multi-layered communication campaign undertaken to focus on creating awareness around five themes (a) intergenerational cycle of malnutrition; (b) breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices; (c) consumption of dietary diverse nutritious foods; (d) nutrition and health of the girl child; and (e) anemia. Table 5.2 Project Results — Karnataka Multisectoral Nutrition Pilot Project in India Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Percentage of targeted households receiving counseling on improved 90.00 90.00 child care and feeding behaviors Percentage of target beneficiaries weighed monthly by nutrition volunteers 71.00 90.00 Percentage of targeted households who receive information from nutrition volunteers 78.00 90.00 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 25 TAJIKISTAN: Scaling-up of the JSDF Grant for the Pilot of Nutrition Investments in Severely Food Insecure Districts ($2.80 million) Objectives: to improve the health and nutrition status among children less than five years of age and pregnant and lactating mothers in the 14 districts affected by the food price shocks in Khation province. The project is expected to close in May 2018. Achievements: The project is on track to achieve its PDO. The following activities contributed to the above develop- Health Care Worker measuring ment results achieved so far: a child in Khatlon Province ●● Beneficiaries of the household gardening compo- nent (supported by the project for fertilizers and seeds) have harvested the crops; ●● Distribution of fertilizers and seeds is on time for the cropping seasons; ●● Procurement of micronutrients is on schedule; ●● 1,039 Primary Health Care Workers (of whom 476 are women) and beneficiaries trained on community-based interventions to improve malnutrition and community based training on management of childhood illnesses; ●● 15 doctors and 72 nurses trained in the 6-month Family Medicine training program. Table 5.3 Project Results — Scaling-up of the JSDF Grant for the Pilot of Nutrition Investments in Severely Food Insecure Districts in Tajikistan Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Proportion of children under age five within the 15th and 85th quintile 59.00 65.00 of growth (i.e. weight for age) in project districts (%) Proportion of children under age five consuming nutritious food (%) 42.60 52.60 Proportion of households growing more nutritious food (%) 12.80 30.00 Proportion of mothers able to correctly mention at least three key actions 42.50 52.50 for managing their children’s illness (%) Proportion of mothers/caregivers able to name at least three key actions 38.20 48.20 to improve their children’s nutrition (%) 26 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 TIMOR-LESTE: Community Driven Nutrition Improvement Project ($2.85 million) Objectives: to improve nutrition practices targeted at children under age two and pregnant and lactating women in least developed targeted communities. The current closing date of the project is August 2018. Achievements: The project is progressing well, despite implementation challenges. There was a yearlong drought that affected the planting season. Reaching communities in rainy season is difficult. Elections brought in new leaders who had to be ori- ented to and sensitized about the project. The following activities contributed to the achievement of the results in the table below: ●● As per target, 200 Participatory Rural Appraisals have been conducted; ●● The target to make 200 community actions for nutrition inter- ventions available by year two of the project has been achieved; ●● 18 Community Nutrition Training Coordinators trained as Training Cultivation of orange flesh sweet of Teachers. potato as part of the nutrition sensitive activities under the project to align nutrition-specific behavior change with products to be part of the diet Table 5.4 Project Results — Community Driven Nutrition Improvement Project in Timor-Leste Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Proportion of children < 6 months of age exclusively breast-fed (%) 71.3 75.0 Proportion of children 6–23 months provided with all three minimum infant 3.10 3.50 and young children feeding practices Proportion of children under two years with diarrhea who are provided 53.8 59.0 continued feeding along Oral Saline and/or increased fluids Proportion of mothers of children under two years of age who consumed 15.4 25.0 iron-rich foods Number of Community Nutrition Coordinators trained as Training of Trainers. 18 18 Number of Community Educators trained by Community Nutrition 500 500 Coordinators per annum Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 27 TOGO: Cash Transfer for Vulnerable Children ($2.55 million) Objective: to provide greater access to social safety nets to the rural population in northern Togo and in particular to protect the most vulnerable segment of the population affected by the consecutive crises that hit Togo over the past years by expanding a pilot cash transfer program. The cash transfer program has been designed to provide immediate cash support to the most vulnerable households. Moreover, the cash transfer will also reinforce their human First beneficiaries of the Togo Pilot Cash capital through a series of soft conditionalities Transfer in the community of Saboba in the Kara region that include having a birth certificate for the child, attending training and growth monitor- ing sessions and schooling older siblings. The current Togo: Cash Transfer closing date of the project is July 2017. Program for Vulnerable This JSDF grant supports the pilot cash transfer program in Northern Togo in parallel with the WBG Children in Northern financed project and the Government’s own resources. Households with children between 0–24 months, preg- Togo – WBG is considering nant women after their first antenatal consultation, evolution of the program and or severely malnourished children 24–60 months are eligible to receive the transfer in the villages under the next Community selected to participate in the program. Households are guaranteed a minimum of 12 months’ participation. Dev. Program (PDC) Achievements: Project is on track to meet its PDO. Operation within the 2016– Key results achieved to-date are outlined in the table below. 2020 CPF Objectives. Table 5.5 Project Results — Cash Transfer Program for Vulnerable Children in Northern Togo Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Monthly cash transfers delivered to eligible households 8,918 8,000 Beneficiaries of safety net programs–Conditional Cash Transfers 8,940 9,000 Severely malnourished children supported by the project gained weight (%) 59.00 50.00 Cash transfers delivered on schedule (in %) 72.90 70.00 28 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 UGANDA: An Innovative, Integrated Approach to Enhance Smallholder Family Nutrition ($2.80 million) Objective: to improve nutrition of an estimated 19,200 vulnerable and poorest smallholder house- holds in the Mabara and Masaka districts, by promoting the cultivation and consumption of nutrient-rich crops and improving the nutrition care practices of children under two, adolescents girls, and pregnant women. The revised closing date of the project is June 2017. Achievements: Progress towards the achievement of the development objective is positive. Results as of FY16 against project completion targets are reported below. The following project activities contributed to achieving the above results: Uganda: An Innovative, Target of training 160 community-based Adolescent Health ●●  Promoters completed; Integrated Approach to ●● Growth Monitoring and Promotion for children under two  years of age in communities by trained Community Health Enhance Smallholder Family Promoters initiated; ●●  Selection of adolescent girls for participation in activities with Nutrition – WBG financed trained Adolescent Health Promoters, and initiation of health and nutrition activities with adolescent girls completed; Multi-sectoral Food Security ●● Input packages to farmers to support orange-fleshed sweet  potato cultivation distributed; and Nutrition Project ●●  Support to 40 vine producers to increase rapid propagation of orange-fleshed sweet potatoes, including provision of vine ($27 million) is expected to cuttings of three varieties, to enable community-based pro- curement of orange-fleshed sweet potato for the next round build on the lessons of this of inputs provided on a continuous basis. JSDF project. Table 5.6 Project Results — An Innovative Approach to Enhance Smallholder Family Nutrition in Uganda Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Participating farmers adopting orange-fleshed sweet potato (in %) 8 20 Children (6–23 months) with minimum dietary diversity (in %) 53 67 Infants 0–5 months exclusively breastfed (in %) 57 67 Number of children (0–24 months) participating in monthly growth monitoring 10,515 8,000 and promotion sessions Number of adolescent girls participating in education sessions 4,540 960 Number of community based agriculture promoters trained 120 120 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 29 YEMEN: Emergency Targeted Nutrition Intervention ($2.73 million) Objectives: to reduce food insecurity at the household level and improve nutrition practices of targeted household members. The project is expected to close in March 2017. Achievements: Implementation has been hampered due to the continued conflict situation in the country. The operations in Yemen were suspended in March 2015 and will remain as such until further notice. As of FY16, the project made progress in the following areas: ●● 4,750 eligible women beneficiaries registered; 169 selected as health trainers; and 225 educational sessions completed; ●● 70 cases of acute malnutrition referred to the health facilities for treatment, with required follow-up for the next six months; ●● 4,569 beneficiaries eligible for payment with the first due transfer amount of $197,000. ZAMBIA: Livelihood and Nutrition Project ($2.75 million) Objectives: to improve access to livelihood opportunities and nutrition among selected female youths in targeted project areas. The project became effective in June 29, 2015 and will close on June 30, 2018. The project was formally launched in a provincial ceremony in August 2015 with representatives from the Government and CSOs, as well as Barotse Royal Establishment. The First Secretary of the Japanese Embassy in Zambia also attended the launch event. Achievements: Several key project milestones have been achieved, notably. ●● 10 wards in Kaoma and Limulunga selected for participation in the project; ●● Project launch activities at national, province, district, and ward levels completed; Table 5.7 Project Results — Livelihood and Nutrition Project in Zambia Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Number of beneficiary female youths aged 10–24 years old participating 6,651 47,00 in monthly girls clubs meetings Number of community health volunteers trained in nutrition-promoting activities 76 80 Number of female youths aged 15–24 years old who received inputs for 244 3,280 livelihood activities 30 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 ●● Capacity building materials in Nutrition, Agriculture, and Life Skills developed; ●● Training of a project coordinator, project support staff, and ten female community development facilitators who will provide training and support for peer leaders and girls clubs completed; ●● Sensitization session on female youths, nutrition, and livelihoods across the 10 selected wards with opinion leaders completed; ●● Identification and registration of 6,591 female youths completed; ●● Evaluation study protocol and associated tools, and efforts to collect baseline data developed. Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 31 CHAPTER 6 INCLUSIVE EDUCATION T he JSDF projects aim at improving the educational outcomes of the most vulnerable children. The program has reached out to children who are not able to transition from community-based schools to mainstream secondary schools, have some form of disability, or are from rural herder communities and unable to attend mainstream schools. The projects also focused on the training of teachers to work with children with a hearing disability. ACHIEVING DEVELOPMENT RESULTS 6,096 children of 90 children transitioned (100 1,100 teachers trained on percent poor herder families transition rate) from inclusive education and in Mongolia are the Community-Based prepared for 1,009 children with Schools (PROHECO) primary mainstream disabilities enrolled in schools to the 7th grade in schools through schools in Malawi the four pilot Honduran home-based Program for PROHECO lower school preparation 320 youths and adults aged secondary schools which program and 15–40 attend classes in pilot follow the basic national improved learning Learning Centers in Honduras curriculum in Honduras through enrollment 255 deaf children functioning well in families and well prepared in compensatory for mainstream schools and 50 deaf adults trained to become education programs mentors of deaf children in Vietnam 32 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 MONGOLIA: Improving Primary Education Outcomes for the Most Vulnerable Children in Rural Mongolia ($2.46 million) Objective: to improve the education outcomes of the most vulnerable children (aged 5 to 10) in four Box 6.1 educationally underperforming and underserved rural Addressing the Pre-School provinces of Mongolia. The project promotes innovative Needs of the Nomadic initiatives to improve education services and facilities at the local level and to mobilize parents and community Herding Communities of members. These initiatives are well suited to the needs Mongolia of herding communities and effectively reduced the The Ministry of Education, Culture and Science number of school dropouts and out-of-school children. regard home based school preparation The project closes in June 2017. programs piloted under this project as an effective tool for addressing the needs of the Achievements: Overall, the project design has children of the herders. The Ministry expressed responded to the needs of children of the herding com- interest in replicating the program nationwide munities and proven to be effective in the rural Mongo- and requested the Ministry of Finance to lian context. mobilize internal and external financing. The WBG has initiated discussions with the All new programs developed under the proj- ●●  Mongolian authorities for scaling up. ect have been successfully piloted, refined and became fully operational in all 30-project com- munities in four provinces; M. Davaabold, who attended Home-based School Preparation Program, is learning with his father Munkhsaikhan and mother Tuul at home Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 33 ●●  A home-based school preparation Mongolia: Improving Primary program was successfully piloted and introduced along with the School Read- Education Outcome for the iness Toy and Book Mobile Kits specifi- cally designed for children in the mobile Most Vulnerable Children in herding communities. Rural Mongolia - Government Key results as of FY16 against project completion targets are shown in the table below. of Malawi has requested WBG’s support to replicate the pilot nationally. Table 6.1 Project Results — Improving Primary Education Outcomes for the Most Vulnerable Children in Rural Mongolia Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Number of target children successfully prepared for schooling 2,588 3,300 through home based school preparation program Number of target children enrolled in extracurricular after school 3,452 4,120 programs, with improved learning achievements Number of target children enrolled in compensatory education 56 86 programs, with improved learning achievements Number of direct beneficiary children 6,096 7,500 Female direct beneficiary children (% of total) 50 50 34 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 CHAPTER 7 ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND COMMUNITY-LED DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT T he JSDF portfolio of projects in this thematic area focused on the following: (i) increasing productivity levels of small-scale livestock keepers, indigenous people of both gender; (ii) assisting poor farmers in the dry areas to adapt their farming practices to better cope with drought, food insecurity and high and volatile prices of agricultural and energy inputs; (iii) improving the livelihoods of indigenous communities located in forest areas; (iv) reducing transaction costs of trading in a volatile international food market; and (v) reducing risks to natural disasters in vulnerable communities. ACHIEVING DEVELOPMENT RESULTS 82,469 small holder farmer Average yield in participating farms increased by 3,200 farmers beneficiaries, of whom 50,085 are trained in price women (Burkina Faso, Guatemala, 21.6 percent against the management tools Egypt, Kyrgyz, Nicaragua) target of 15 percent (Kyrgyz) (Nicaragua) 2,741 farms implementing 4 landslide mitigation agro-forestry and mixed agriculture systems (Guatemala, Honduras) sub-projects based on Management of Slope Stability in Operating cost for farmers applying Communities methodology irrigation water to their fields reduced completed in selected project areas in Jamaica and 971 community from $12 to $10 per ha, which is a leaders and 43 government o cials 16.7% reduction from baseline (Egypt) trained in this methodology Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 35 KYRGYZ: Support to Community Seed Funds ($2.80 million) Objectives: to increase the agricultural productivity of the beneficiaries in the project areas through providing support for expansion of the Community Seed Fund (CSF) system. The grant aims to support rural people who live in poverty or extreme poverty levels and whose incomes are negatively impacted by rising food and fuel prices and financial crisis. The project closes in March 2018. Achievements: Project is on track to Field Day at SHG in Issyk Kul oblast achieve its PDO. The following activities contributed to the achievement of the results in Table 7.1: ●● 99 CSFs with 2,200 members (16 percent women) covering 148 villages established; these members were provided with certified seeds of potato, alfalfa, maize, spring barley, and winter wheat, as well as fertilizer; ●● 502 SHGs with 3,474 members (87 percent women) were organized in 118 villages across the country; these groups were provided with certified seeds of tomato, cucumber, carrot, onion, cabbage, red beet, and potato depending on demand from and preference of each SHG; ●● Training provided to 3,995 beneficiaries; ●● Another 900 participants attended the field days conducted in all seven oblasts, which also promoted the project’s approach and featured the Japanese Government’s role as a donor to this project. Table 7.1 Project Results — Support to Community Seed Funds in Kyrgyz Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Increase in average yields in the participating farms for selected 21.6 15 crops (in %) Number of CSF and women’s groups system expanded by 5,681 6,000 mobilizing new members Volume of seeds distributed through CSF and SHGs in accordance 740 1,200 to planting schedule (Metric ton) Number of household farmer capacity improved by training on 4,365 3,000 various sub-projects 36 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 CHAPTER 8 LEGAL SERVICES AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE T he JSDF projects in this thematic area focused on enhancing access to legal aid services by the poor and vulnerable and strengthening local governance in service sectors. The projects also aimed at assisting com­ munities to enhance their participatory decision-making processes on local development issues and improve the accountability of local government bodies to these communities. ACHIEVING DEVELOPMENT RESULTS 23,389 poor and vulnerable people in 75 legal aid clinics 2,478 civil, criminal and family matters cases received sta ed and fully Jordan, Nigeria and Peru and processed through new legal functional accessed legal counseling aid service system introduced and representation, under the project in Peru increased their awareness of their legal rights and the 40,000 poor 5,380 persons mechanisms for exercising communities are better trained on legal and enforcing those rights, informed of legal rights rights and ADR and received training on Alternative Dispute and mechanisms for in Nigeria Resolution (ADR) enforcement in Jordan Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 37 JORDAN: Enhancing Community Driven Legal Aid Services to the Poor ($2.61 million) Objectives: to support the legal empowerment of the poor and other vulnerable persons by improving access to jus­ tice sector services based on demand-side priorities of poor communities and supported by community-driven implemen­ tation. The project closes in August 2016 (FY17). Achievements: Project is on track to achieve its PDO. To celebrate the International Children’s Day, The following project activities after presenting a role play on children’s rights contributed to the results in at a local school in Karak governorate, JCLA also organized a painting competition. Table 8.1 below: ●● A cost-sharing model developed; ●● Six new Legal Aid Centers opened; ●● The provision of legal counseling services and legal representation; ●● 275 legal awareness sessions held with more than 6,800 participants covering topics such as labor, sexual harassment, women’s rights, criminal procedures, drugs and narcotics, child rights, violence against women and landlord/tenant laws. Table 8.1 Project Results - Enhancing Community-Driven Legal Aid Services to the Poor in Jordan Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Number of poor persons accessing legal counseling and representation 10,000 15,800 are able to exercise their legal rights and/or resolve disputes Number of poor communities are more aware of their legal rights 40,000 7,500 and the mechanisms for exercising and enforcing them Number of Legal aid services delivered to the poorest and vulnerable 54 45 in a coordinated, comprehensive and efficient manner 38 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 CHAPTER 9 BASIC HEALTH AND SANITATION SERVICES T he projects in this thematic area focused on improved hygiene practices, sanitation facilities and supporting the psychological health and resilience of poor communities. ACHIEVING DEVELOPMENT RESULTS 98,000 persons 2,480 households and with access to improved schools equipped with at least one 50 percent sanitation reduction in stigma improved facilities in Ghana sanitation facility against Ebola-a ected and Mozambique in Ghana individuals/households GHANA: Results Based Financing for Sanitation and Hygiene ($2.85 million) Objectives: to improve the sanitation and hygiene practices of 112,500 poor and vulnerable persons in four districts of northern Ghana through Community-led Total Sanitation (CLTS) and village savings and loan schemes. Achievements: The project has made significant progress in implementation. ●● Sanitation awareness creation and triggering demand activities completed in 97 communities using the principles of Community-led Total Sanitation and School-led Total Sanitation Programs (SLTS). The SLTS approach is to sensitize schoolteachers and students in good sanitation practices; Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 39 ●● 2,426 household toilets con- structed (48.5% of the target Box 9.1 households); 538 artisans trained; The CLTS Approach ●● 248 Village Savings and Loans Associations (VSLA) schemes The CLTS is an innovative methodology for mobilizing established, which facilitated the communities to completely eliminate open defecation construction of household toilets. (OD). Communities are facilitated to conduct their own The VSLAs facilitate savings by appraisal and analysis of OD and their own action to become OD Free (ODF). CLTS focuses on the behavioral the communities towards building change needed to ensure real and sustainable their own household toilets. The improvements – investing in community mobilization VSLA was an innovation to mobi- instead of hardware, and shifting the focus from toilet lize funds for the construction of construction for individual households to the creation household toilets. 57 communities of open defecation-free villages. By raising awareness have to date declared basic ODF that as long as even a minority continues to defecate in as verified by the respective Dis- the open, everyone is at risk of disease. CLTS triggers trict Coordinating Councils; the community’s desire for collective change, propels people into action and encourages innovation, mutual ●● 24 gender sensitive institu- support and appropriate local solutions, thus leading to tional toilets constructed and 30 greater ownership and sustainability. rehabilitated; Source: Institute of Development Studies (2011) ●● Number of students practicing daily hand washing increased by 156%. These activities contributed to the achievement of the development results shown in Table 9.1 below. Table 9.1 Project Results — Results Based Financing for Sanitation and Hygiene in Ghana Indicators Results Targets Number of people with access to improved sanitation facilities 80,000 11,250 Number of people trained to improve hygiene behavior/sanitation practices 538 450 Households and schools with at least one “improved” latrine 2,480 5,000 40 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 LIBERIA: Supporting Psychological Health and Resilience ($2.75 million) Objectives: to respond to the interme- diate psychosocial and mental health impact of the Ebola Virus Disease crisis and to build long-term psychosocial health and resilience at the individual and community levels in project target areas. This objective is expected to be achieved through: (i) the training and capacity building of new and existing cadres of mental health providers (i.e. mental health clinicians, psychosocial counselors, social workers, and general community health volunteers); (ii) the implementation of psychosocial/mental health interventions at the individual/ family and community levels. The project Nurses listen during a training program to learn more about child and adolescent mental health in Monrovia, became effective in February 2015 and Liberia on March 3, 2016. The class was jointly will close in February 2018. sponsored by the Carter Center and the JSDF Achievements: Overall implementation of the project is on track. Results, so far, against project completion targets are shown in the table below. Table 9.2 Project Results — Supporting Psychological Health and Resilience in Liberia Indicators Results Targets Level of competence, skills and confidence among providers improved (in %) 45 55 Depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and disability among project 25 20 participants reduced (in %) Stigma against Ebola-affected individuals/households reduced (in %) 50 30 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 41 MOZAMBIQUE: Maputo Peri-Urban Sanitation ($1.78 million) Objectives: to improve the sanitation conditions and practices of about 140,000 people in 11 unplanned peri-urban neighborhoods of Maputo, and pilot effective approaches for replication. The current closing date of the project is August 2017. Achievements: Progress towards the achievement of the project’s development objective is satisfactory. The following activities have been undertaken: ●● Sanitation facilities construction: Of the 50 planned sanitation blocks for large com- pounds, 21 have been handed over, others are under construction. Of the 250-shared toi- lets for smaller compounds, 108 have been handed over and others are under construction; ●● Development of de-sludging services: Eight operators are equipped, trained and working. The challenge is that the poorest families are unable to afford the improved service. A subsidy mechanism will be developed based on the new sanitation service charge to be introduced by the Maputo Municipal Council; ●● Sanitation and hygiene promotion and monitoring: 55 activists recruited and trained. These activists have helped to improve sanitation facilities and carried out a series of face-to-face hygiene promotion activities. Key performance results as of FY16 against the project completion targets are shown in Table 9.3. Table 9.3 Project Results — Maputo Peri-Urban Sanitation in Mozambique Indicators Results Targets Number of people with access to improved sanitation facilities 18,000 28,000 Locally based operators providing adequate emptying service 7 12 42 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 CHAPTER 10 PERFORMANCE OF THE FY16 CLOSED PROJECTS PORTFOLIO T his chapter discusses the relevance and development outcomes of a sample of projects that closed in FY16. The chapter also provides the main lessons learnt from the implementation of these projects to guide the designs of future projects. The discussion is organized according to the six JSDF Program thematic areas. All the projects were relevant to the country context at the time of project design, the Country Partnership Strategies (CPS) and the grant recipient government’s development strategies. While all the JSDF projects were focused on improving the quality of lives of the vulnerable and marginalized communities, the six closed emergency projects were particularly focused on providing emergency income support and short-term employment to youths, female headed household groups, safeguarding health and nutrition of very young children of marginalized urban poor families against recurrent food crisis, reducing the vulnerability of small farmers to the increased volatility of international food markets, and protecting small-small livestock farmers from animal feed crisis. Some of the key lessons learnt from the closed projects are summarized below: ●● A critical factor in project’s success is the capacity of the project imple- mentation agency. A very thorough assessment of the capacity of the project implementation agency at the preparation stage is required and adequate provision of necessary technical support to strengthen this capacity should be made in the project; ●● Clear and precise communication about the project among all stake­ holders, at all levels of the project implementation agency, and the target beneficiaries’ help to achieve project outcomes. In addition to traditional communication methods, the use of social media can be strategic in mitigating tensions and misunderstanding among key stakeholders. Social media can also be an effective tool to raise awareness about the education needs of children with disabilities and to establish support networks; Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 43 ●● Youth can be positive agents of change in conflict countries when project interventions promote social inclusion and cohesion approaches; ●● Involvement of the private sector in the design of job training can help with obtaining post-training employment; ●● Pro-nutrition livelihood activities can be successful when project objectives are well focused and implementation procedures are simple; ●● Adequate resources are needed for the training of teachers to attend to the special educa- tion needs of children with disabilities; ●● Early action on procurement is needed for emergency projects. The experiences with the implementation of some of the closed project informed the designs of WBG financed lending operations. For examples: ●● The Benin Community Nutrition Project informed the design of WBG financed Multi­ sectoral Food Health and Nutrition Project ($28 million); ●● The Lao PDR Mobilizing Ethnic Communities for Improved Livelihoods and Wellbeing Project informed the Additional Financing for a Lao PDR project aimed at consolidating the livelihood and nutrition activities by strengthening village SHGs and village nutrition centers; ●● The design of the nutrition component focused on under-served areas in the Strengthening Health Care for Results in Tanzania was influenced by the Tanzania Rural Food Fortification Project; ●● The design of the Quality Education for Children with Hearing Loss Project financed under the Global Partnership for Output-Based Aid (GPOBA) Program benefited from the lessons from the Vietnam Intergenerational Deaf Education Outreach (IDEO) Project. LIVELIHOOD SUPPORT MONGOLIA: Community-led Infrastructure Project for the Urban Poor in Ulaanbaatar Phase II (TF099673; $2.77 million) Project Relevance and Achievement of Project Development Outcomes The project was relevant to the country context. Mongolia’s growth in Gross Domestic Product fell sharply from 8.9 percent in 2008 to 2.7 percent in 2009 due to a sudden decline in the prices of key mineral exports. Under normal circumstances, the poor and vulnerable population of the coun- try suffered from lack of stable employment or income opportunities. The economic crisis hit them even harder than other groups in the society. There was a compelling need for income-generating opportunities for the poor and vulner- able people in the city as well as a scaling-up of community-led infrastructure development activities. During the consultation meetings for the WBG’s report, “Managing Urban Expansion 44 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia,” many community leaders from “ger khoroos5” expressed strong interest in implementing community infrastructure. This was one of the first Community-Driven Development (CDD) urban projects in the country. The PDO was to assist about 10,000 persons in the most vulnerable among the urban poor in the “ger” areas of Ulaanbaatar where the majority of low-income households live with very limited basic services, to generate additional income by scaling up community-led infrastructure development activities. The project objective was highly relevant. The policy conditionality in the emergency Stand-by Agree- ment Loan for Mongolia (2009) focused on social safety and food security of low-income groups. The 2013–2017 CPS for Mongolia also emphasized the importance of addressing the vulnerabilities through improved access to services and better services delivery, safety net provisions, and improved disaster risk management. Pillar Two of the CPS stressed building a sustained and diversified basis for economic growth and employment in urban and rural areas, which is aligned with the PDO. The PDO was achieved. The project closed in July 2015. Project results exceeded the project completion targets as can be seen from Table 10.1 below. Key Lessons ●● Existing laws relating to collateral may need to be reviewed and adjustments made to allow community groups to obtain contracts for implementing sub-projects; ●● Downstream communication about financial matters should be clear and concise. Matters relating to finance and compensation are sensitive, and efforts should be made to convey the guidelines and rules as clearly as possible prior to contracting; ●● Operation and Maintenance (O&M) should be an integral part of the project. Efforts should be made to ensure that post-construction infrastructure is in good shape and that the responsible authority is actively involved in planning and budgeting for O&M activities. Table 10.1 Project Results — Mongolia Community Led Infrastructure Project for the Urban Poor in Ulaanbaatar Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Number of direct beneficiaries 16,997 10,000 Female beneficiaries (% of total) 36 40 Vulnerable household income increased due to project (in %) 98 80 Female headed community groups (in %) 66 65 Project constructed community infrastructure/facilities owned 80 80 and maintained by community (in %) Notes: (i) About 95.5 percent of these beneficiaries belonged to the project-defined vulnerable population (i.e. single mothers, unemployed citizens, disabled, low income households); (ii) Due to the labor-intensive nature of work, less women benefited. 5 “Ger Khoroos” means “informal settlement” in urban area sub-districts. Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 45 TUNISIA: Emergency Support for Youth (TF010625; $2.78 million) Project Relevance and Achievement of Development Outcomes The project’s objectives were very aligned with the country strategies and priorities. The proj- ect aimed to provide emergency income support and short-term employment to approximately 3,000 youth to meet their basic needs through cash-for-work, training, apprenticeship and employment as a critical self-employment opportunities. Tunisia’s 2010–2013 CPS identified un­ development challenge. Several WBG operations aimed at addressing this issue but those oper- ations did not focus on less educated youth in the two governorates of Kasserine and Silliana, where this project operated. Nor did those projects incorporate youth-led or community devel- opment approaches. This project was one of the first projects that focused on youth through a community development approach. The project was also aligned with Pillar III and IV of the 2016– 2020 CPS that aimed at employability of young men and women and productive inclusion. The project was aligned with two pillars in the MENA Strategy: (i) inclusive approach to build institu- tions, (ii) emergency support services as a reac- tion to the shock of the food and financial crisis, and political instability due to the revolution. The PDO was achieved as shown in Table 10.2. The project closed in January 2016. The results Conferral of certificate to micro-entrepreneurship exceeded the project targets at completion. grant winner in Siliana. Table 10.2 Project Results — JSDF Emergency Support for Youth in Tunisia Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Number of direct beneficiaries 3,378 3,300 Female beneficiaries (% of total) 49 50 Number of youth trained (classroom in soft and life skills, on-site 3,378 3,300 training on team work and soft skills on community works) Job placement rates of beneficiaries (in %) 28 15 Survival of micro-enterprises supported by the project after 95 40 12 months (in %) 46 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 Key Lessons ●● Even in a fragile country situation, youth can be agents of positive change when: (i) proj- ect activities are aimed at strengthening social inclusion and cohesion in communities by improving the employability of marginalized young people through training and support to start or expand entrepreneurial activities; and (ii) there is effective involvement of local authorities and civil society; ●● Involvement of the private sector in designing the training curriculum is important for post-training employment; ●● Availability of micro-finance helps to promote creative and innovative entrepreneurship and job creation. TUNISIA: Community Works and Local Participation (TF012412; $2.87 million) Project Relevance and Achievement of Development Outcomes The project was and still is highly relevant for Jendouba. Tunisia continues to face significant unemployment challenges (particularly among youth and low-skilled workers), depreciated infra- structure, and lack of equitable access to services in lagging regions. The country also continues to witness challenges in improving transparency and participatory approaches to deliver public works programs. The project responded to these challenges and addressed high unemployment, low infrastructure, and limited access to services at the local level. The project also enhanced a partici- patory approach in service delivery and built the capacity of NGOs at the local level to partner with the government to deliver social programs targeted to vulnerable segments of the population. The objective of the project was to provide direct income support to low-skilled and long-term unemployed citizens through their participation in labor-intensive community works, selected for implementation in a highly participatory manner by civil society associations in Jendouba, one of the lagging regions in the country. The project provided temporary employment to disadvan- taged people who worked for 50 days on average; some of these people, particularly women, were earning a salary for the first time. Seventy-two sub-projects were selected through a participatory process involving an inter-sectorial committee, established at the local level to reflect local needs. These were implemented by 59 different associations in Jendouba. The project outcomes exceeded the targets as shown in Table 10.3. The project closed in June 2016. Key Lessons ●● Partnerships with civil society and participatory approaches could work well in the Tunisian context to deliver public works programs; ●● The human resource and implementation capacity at the regional level needed to be strengthened to implement public works programs; Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 47 Table 10.3 Project Results — Community Works and Local Participation in Tunisia Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Share of envisioned low-skilled and long-term unemployed (out of 104 90 3,000) who received temporary income support through community works projects financed with the grant Female direct beneficiaries (in %)  54 30 Local associations have successfully rehabilitated and/or upgraded  98 80 infrastructure and services in the selected communities (in %) ●● Training and hands-on implementation support for to day-to-day operations helps address the limited capacity of local NGOs; ●● Monitoring is an important role in improving program governance and implementation; ●● Better targeting can ensure greater transparency; ●● Good social communication can play a strategic role in mitigating tensions and misunderstanding between different stakeholders; ●● Policy coherence needs to be ensured between social assistance programs and contributory social security systems. IMPROVED NUTRITION AND EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BELIZE: Improving Children’s Health and Nutrition (TF099168; $2.75 million) Project Relevance and Achievement of Development Outcomes The project, aimed at improving the health and nutrition of children of poor Mayan children in Toledo, Belize, was and remains highly relevant. The 2016 Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) for Belize noted the importance of poverty reduction and faster economic growth and highlighted the need to improve education and skills. There is a positive relationship between nutrition and educational outcomes. The project’s focus on the relatively undeveloped status of Toledo district and on improve- ments in nutrition and health is consistent with the SCD. The project was also aligned with the nutri- tion focus of the Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice. The pilot project has been successful in: (i) reducing the number of home deliveries; (ii) increasing the number of skilled care deliveries and overnight stays; (iii) reducing dropout rates from school for children under five, reduced repetition rates of children at school; and (iv) reducing the mortality rate of children under five in the Toledo District, reported to be the greatest across the country. The results at project completion against the targets are shown in Table 10.4. The project closed in January 2016. 48 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 Key Lessons ●● Creative approaches are required to Box 10.1 address the challenge of procurement of A Healthier Lifestyle for Indigenous qualified services in small countries. This Women and Children in Belize project provided a good example with the use of local university students to Anemia affects about a quarter of the women of childbearing conduct the baseline survey, which was age in Toledo’s rural communities. Anemia and worm infestation are prevalent among malnourished children in procured as part of a broader package these communities thus affecting their physical and mental of technical assistance; development and capacity for increased learning. These ●● Cultural relevance matters for success. problems affect the Mopan and Qechi Mayas – the largest A major factor leading to the success of indigenous communities in Toledo’s district. This JSDF grant this project was the culturally appropri- helped to bring about a significant change. ate intervention that was made with the preparation of a cookbook customized for the Mayan community; ●● High levels of personal ownership were key in achieving results. The focus of the project on long-term sustainability ensured integration in the local community, which in turn resulted in high levels of personal ownership; ●● High levels of community involvement could be applied to address the issue of poor nutri- tion as a risk factor for obesity and non-communicable diseases. Table 10.4 Project Results — Improving Children’s Health in Belize Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Percentage decrease in rate of worm infestation in primary school-aged 15 12 children in Toledo’s rural communities (in %) Percentage decrease in rate of anemia in primary school aged 14.4 12.2 children in Toledo’s rural communities (in %) Percentage increase in children between 12–23 months whose 99 83 weight and height are reported on growth chart at least once in the last quarter Percentage increase in children between 0–11 months whose weight 95 73 and height are reported on growth chart at least once in the last quarter Number of primary schools with feeding programs that include at 12 12 least one portion of vegetables and fruit in their daily menu Percentage of women received at 3 antenatal care consultations 90 62 during pregnancy with at least once during every trimester of pregnancy Number of Community Health Workers trained in promoting ante-natal 64 50 care, counseling, education, nutrition, infant and young child feeding practices and growth monitoring Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 49 BENIN: Community Nutrition (TF097920; $2.80 million) Project Relevance and Achievement of Development Outcomes The PDO was to improve nutrition of young children in Benin: Community poor rural areas with high malnutrition rates through innovative delivery mechanisms of nutrition services Nutrition Project – Best at the community level by reaching mothers and grandmothers. The project was relevant at the time of practices and innovations project preparation and during implementation when Benin was characterized with stagnating nutrition. have informed the design Levels of malnutrition were above the Sub-Saharan African average. The pilot project is aligned with the of the WBG financed CPS (2013–2017) which aims to enhance household food security and maternal and child health and nutri- Multi-sectoral Food tion outcomes through community mobilization and community-based service delivery. Health and Nutrition The PDO was achieved. Results at project completion Project in Benin are presented below. The project closed in January 2016. amounting to $28 million Table 10.5 Project Results — Community Nutrition in Benin Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Mothers of children 0–6 months of age reported to have exclusively 94.4 54.0 breast-fed their child for the past day (%) Severely malnourished children supported by the project gained 59 50 weight (%) Number of pregnant/lactating women, adolescent girls and/or 69,560 13,608 children under age five benefited from the basic nutrition services Children under 24 months old benefiting from improved feeding 18,582 8,064 practices Children under 5 treated for moderate and acute malnutrition 15,228 5,544 50 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 Key Lessons The following good practice aspects of the grant informed the design of the WBG financed Multi- sectoral Food Health and Nutrition Project ($28 million): ●● Organization of technical actors and service providers needs to be organized at the Commune level to: (i) adopt a common results framework for action; and (ii) inform the Commune author- ities on the integration of nutrition in the Commune Development Plan and budgets; ●● Need to develop partnerships between NGOs and Communes for community mobilization and organization, social and behavior change communication, enhanced service delivery, monitoring, reporting and funding; ●● Close monitoring and support at the operational level is useful, particularly during the first years of project implementation when the approach is newly being introduced at Commune level; and ●● Involvement of, and collaboration, with the National Association of Commune in Benin that has shown a capacity to provide additional peer influence on Commune authorities. The design of the WBG project also benefited from the tools that were developed under the pilot project, e.g., the selection criteria of NGOs and the development of community registers. The following operational lessons guided the design of the WBG financed project: ●● Building a good knowledge of the village structures and organization are important for successful project implementation; ●● Careful planning and coordination of demand and supply-side interventions helps to avoid unnecessary demand for inaccessible services; and ●● The use of open straw huts (i.e., thatched roof on poles) was very effective for the community-based nutrition activities. EL SALVADOR: Safeguarding Human Capital of Urban Poor Children in the Context of Recurring Food Crisis (TF011078; $2.75 million) Project Relevance and Achievement of the Development Outcomes  The project was highly relevant in the context of the recurring food crisis. Environmental conditions and economic crisis contributed to rising prices of food and crop destruction created a food crisis in El Salvador, as in many other countries in Africa. About 85 percent of food consumed in El Salvador is imported. The project was a timely response to the country’s needs and aligned with the Government’s plan of action. The objective of this project was to safeguard the health, nutritional, cognitive and social outcomes of very young children living in marginalized urban poor families against shocks and to mitigate the effects of food price volatility on pregnant women and children under 3 years of age. The project helped to finance Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 51 the new integrated programs needed by vulnerable women and children and also community mobilization and institutions that were integral to the overcoming capacity constraints. The project achieved its development objectives. It delivered a state of the art integrated package of cost-effective interventions for vulnerable poor mothers and young children (less than 3 years) in urban marginalized high violence communities. See Table 10.6. The project highlighted the need to consider issues of children’s nutrition in marginalized commu- nities in the discussions about the National Policies for Child Development. Lessons Learned ●● Children’s nutrition interventions are multisectoral involving different sectors of the econ- omy, such as, agriculture, education, and social protection; ●● Better target intervention with supplemental nutrition of micronutrients or caloric intake is required; ●● Systematic adjustment of the nutrition formula in the fortified food and micronutrient con- centration according to the national and particular sector needs is required; ●● Accreditation of primary health services on integrated delivery of ECD and child growth and nutrition are important; ●● Process to procure nutritional foods is complex and technical assistance is required; ●● Countries should engage in a multi-sectorial initiative for better nutrition outcomes, such as, the collaboration from the UN family and private sector in the country in the revision of ECD materials. Table 10.6 Project Results — Safeguarding Human Capital of Urban Poor Children in the Context of Recurring Food Crisis in El Salvador Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets At least 5 percent increase in exclusive breastfeeding rates in 53.0 52.6 children 0–6 months old in project areas At least 25 percent increase in diet diversity 86.3 25 Percentage of children 6 to 23 months in the project areas that 100 60 have consumed at least 1 cycle (60 envelops) of micro-nutrient supplements within the last 6 months At least 10 percent increase of the health care appointments for 581, 305 728,243 monitoring and promotion services for children under 3 in the project areas (in number of appointments) At least 50 percent of mothers of children 0–3 years old can provide 94.7 50 at least three childhood age appropriate activities At least 50 percent of mothers of children between 0–3 years old in 90.1 50 the project areas can provide at least 3 parenting techniques 52 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 LAO PDR: Mobilizing Ethnic Communities for Improved Livelihoods and Wellbeing (TF097786; $2.62 million) Project Relevance and Achievement of Development Objectives The project targeted ethnic minorities and women, who were the most vulnerable. The project’s objectives were to pilot an innovative approach focused CDD strategy in four poverty reduction priority districts within two provinces to assist 28,800 households in ethnic communities in rural areas in Lao PDR to improve their livelihoods and wellbeing through group-based activities. At the time of project preparation, the incidence of poverty was 25 percent among the Lao-Tai, compared to 54, 40 and 46 percent among Mon-Khmer, Hmong-lu Mien and the Chine-Tibet ethno-linguistic minorities respec- tively. Social and poverty differences based on gender were substantially higher among the ethnic minority communities than in lowland commu- nities and/or among the dominant ethnic Lao-Tai groups. By focusing on ethnic communities in remote underserved areas and having a strong gender focus, the project was able to respond directly to the vulnerable communities’ need for improve livelihoods and wellbeing. The project reached 28,900 beneficiaries, 87 percent of whom were eth- Women with their nic minority women. This exceeded the target of 24,600. It also substan- savings book in tially exceeded the outreach target for women, which was 50 percent. Savannakhet Province However the objectives to improve the livelihood and well being of the 28,000 households were somewhat affected by the weak capacity of the implementing agency. The 306 SHGs organized under the project did not receive sufficient oper- ational support in bookkeeping and accounting from the implementing agency. Nevertheless, 15 Village Nutrition Centers were established under the Project to provide nutritional meals to preg- nant and lactating mothers and children less than two years. The project closed in April 2016. Key Lessons The concept to support pro-nutrition livelihood activities through savings/credit and nutrition edu- cation/demonstration, is most relevant in East and South Asia, where malnutrition persists in remote villages, in particular among ethnic minorities. However, because of the complexity brought by multi- spectral intervention (financing, agriculture, livestock, health, and nutrition) and capacity constraints, implementation was affected. The lesson is to have a focused design and simple implementation procedures. The WBG financed Poverty Reduction Fund II Additional Financing Project will continue to con- solidate livelihoods and nutrition activities of this pilot project by strengthening 306 SHGs and 15 Village Nutrition Centers. Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 53 TANZANIA: Rural Food Fortification Project (TF099112; $2.63 million) Project Relevance and Achievement of Development Objectives The project was relevant at the time of design, implementation and completion. Nutrition is a major concern in Tanzania and it has been a key priority area for the donors to address within the health sector in Tanzania. There were no other investments that targeted the poor through small food fortification programs. Tanzania’s national Food Fortification Action Plan aimed to reach Tanzanians with fortified wheat flour, maize flour and edible oil processed in large-scale food pro- cessing industries. Hence, testing and documenting the expe- rience with small food fortification was extremely relevant. Tanzania: Conditional cash Micronutrient deficiencies were and still are a public health problem in Tanzania. Deficiency disorders related to iron, transfers for more than vitamin A, folic acid, and iodine affect more than a third of children under five and women. The project objective was 2000 poor families informed to demonstrate workable and sustainable approaches for addressing micro-nutrient deficiencies in rural Tanzania, thereby a $100 million IDA project providing models for the future roll out of life-saving food for- and paved the way for tification interventions in those areas of Tanzania not reached by the national food fortification program. other CCTs in Africa The overall objective of demonstrating workable and sus- tainable approaches to food fortification in rural areas was achieved, and progress was made on all indicators and capacity built. An impact assessment report documented the pilot experience of how small- scale hammer mill and home fortification can be designed through government structures. The report concluded that through a combination of factors including ensuring the timely availability of fortification supplies, implemented concurrently with high levels of advocacy on the usefulness of fortification, fortification of maize flour and provision of micronutrients in rural Tanzania can be a promising model for underserved regions. Core findings of the report, detailed by outcome indicators, include the following: ●● Community awareness of micronutrients increased from 33 percent at baseline (in 2013) to 54 percent at the end of the project; ●● 59 percent of the participants had knowledge about food fortification while 26 percent confirmed the use of Micro Nutrient Powder (MNP); ●● 91 percent of the mill owners were aware about importance of fortifying maize flour, 89 percent about micronutrient premix and 61 percent about MNPs. Two out of four Project Development Outcome indicators targets were reached. The project closed in December 2015. 54 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 Table 10.7 Project Results — Rural Food Fortification in Tanzania Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Numbers in targeted district population reached with supplies and 580,000 580,000 knowledge Female beneficiaries who heard about food fortification and can 68 50 mention at least one advantage (%) Proportion of children (6–23 months) in target districts utilizing 26 60 micronutrient powder at least once in the last month (%) Proportion of women in households in target districts utilizing 14 40 fortified maize flour in the last month (%) Key Lessons The impact assessment found that although indicators had progressed, the targets were not all achieved in part due to misconceptions and myths that existed among communities, the untimely supplies and low social marketing surrounding fortification experiences. These lessons are valuable for the future design of similar projects. ●● Timely availability of fortification supplies, implemented concurrently with high levels of advocacy on the usefulness of fortification, fortification of maize flour and provision of micronutrients in rural Tanzania can be a promising model for under-served regions; ●● Knowledge of international financing, quality requirements by the government’s Food and Drugs Authority and logistics at the port and distribution, should be adequate to ensure efficient procurement; ●● An adequate, committed and funded implementation team needs to be in place; ●● Community sensitization to address myths and misconceptions and lack of knowledge about food fortification is critical and needs to be well executed; ●● There is a need to involve male partners especially in pastoralist communities. The power relationship was such that women found it difficult to request money for micronutrient powders or to pay for the fortificants at the milling machines. As a sequel to this pilot initiative, the WBG financed the Strengthening Primary Health Care for Results in Tanzania. The project includes a nutrition component that focused on under-served areas. Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 55 INCLUSIVE EDUCATION HONDURAS: Piloting New Forms of Community-Administered Education for Socially Vulnerable Communities in Honduras (TF094670; $1.71 million) Project Relevance and Achievement of Development Objectives Although Honduras spends, on average, more on public education than other Latin American countries, there have not been superior educational outcomes. The problems of the Honduran education system were in service provision, including low teacher accountability and poor performance. The Honduran Program for Community-Based Schools (PROHECO), a community-based education program financed by the WBG, provided a catalyst for the improvement of educational system in Honduras. PROHECO helped to expand educational opportunities to remote and poor areas, thereby increasing the reach of education, especially for the poor. This project was relevant as it aimed to pilot the expansion of PROHECO to lower secondary education and to pilot learning centers in selected communities. The project achieved its PDO of piloting the expansion of PROHECO to lower secondary education and learning centers in selected communities. It has become the main vehicle by which the PROHECO model was tested to work for lower secondary education (grades 7 through 9). All four pilot PROHECO schools targeted by the project offer grades 7–9 with a formal education program - the National Basic Curriculum. Key results at project completion against targets are presented below. The project closed in July 2015. Key Lessons ●● Communities have proved that their involvement promotes accountability at the local level; ●● Quality of education can be enhanced when the government proactively supports “bottom-up” citizen engagement. Table 10.8 Project Results — Piloting New Forms of Community-Administered Education for Socially Vulnerable Communities in Honduras Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Lower secondary education enrollment in four pilot PROHECO 204 250 schools increased (in numbers) Transition rate to 7th grade in pilot PROHECO schools (in %) 121 90 Youth and adults aged 15–40 attending classes in pilot 475 250 learning centers Notes: (i) The increase in lower secondary education enrollment as a result of 6th grade students from these same schools who have decided to continue their lower secondary education (62 percent of them); (ii) an influx of new students enrolling from other schools in neighboring communities (38 percent); (iii) along with a small percentage of students who at one point graduated 6th grade at these same schools and had not continued into lower secondary education and a to reflect have later decided to return to schools (3 percent). 56 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 MALAWI: Promoting Inclusion of Children with Disability into Basic Education for All Program (TF099386; $1.83 million) Project Relevance and Achievement of Development Objectives The project was aligned with the provisions following Malawi’s national laws and policies towards equal access and inclusion in education for children with disabilities: (i) the Disability Act (2012) defines inclusive education as “a process of addressing and responding to the diversity of needs of all learners through increasing participation in learning, cultures and communities and reducing exclusion from and within education”; (ii) the National Policy Guidelines on Special Needs Education (2007); (iii) the National Education Strategic Plan 2008–2017; and (iv) the National Policy on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities (2006) reaffirm a commitment. The objective of the pilot project was to test innovative methods to promote the enrollment of children with disabilities currently excluded from mainstream schools and influence the develop- ment of an inclusive education policy. The project closed in March 2016. A situational analysis was carried out to help develop guidelines and an inclusive education policy. The Federation of Disability Organizations in Malawi used the results of the situational analysis to inform the planning of activities including, adjustment to the scope of schools to be supported through grants, a campaign to promote inclusive education, teacher trainings, and discussions with the Ministry of Education on developing guidelines and an inclusive education policy. Box 10.2 Testing Innovative Inclusive Education Methods in Malawi Education is still largely an unfulfilled dream for 250 million children who have been to school but cannot read or write. As the world begins to tackle this massive learning crisis, getting children with disabilities and other disadvantages into school and learning requires focused and simultaneous action. The Malawi Inclusive Education for Disabled Children project activities have ranged from sensitization and community mobilization campaigns in 30 schools, bringing together all stakeholders, developing various sets of guidelines including for disability screening, training 1,100 teachers on inclusive education and providing hands-on support in 30 schools. A module has been developed to collect information on disabled children and monitor their regular activities. The Ministry of Education will incorporate this module in its Education Management Information System. Ministry staff has also been trained on inclusive policies and practices. Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 57 The following activities were completed under the project: ●● The implementing agency completed guidelines covering the following three areas: (i) making school infrastructure and facilities “barrier free”; (ii) teacher training manual for making classrooms inclusive; and (iii) assessment and identification of children with disabilities and special provisions to be included while evaluating children with disabilities on various education outcome and learning parameters. These guidelines have been used; ●● 30 schools have benefited from improvement plans, grants, training of 1,100 teachers on inclusive education, and hands-on support was provided to these schools; ●● Clinical screening of 1,009 children in the 30 schools has enabled the project to identify children with disabilities that need early intervention to increase their access to education in the inclusive schools; ●● 1,148 children with disabilities enrolled in schools; ●● 36 Ministry of Education staff trained on policies and practices on inclusive education have promoted awareness among the staff members on mainstream issues pertaining to educa- tion of learners with disabilities in the education sector. Key Lessons ●● Engagement of government ministries on education through training can help change their mindset to promote inclusive education practices and provision of equitable access of educational services to children with disabilities at all levels of the education sector; ●● Early clinical assessment for children with disabilities needs to be a priority before provid- ing educational services for children with disabilities; ●● Harnessing school management committees to support learners with disabilities is essen- tial in advocating for school improvement that makes the school environment friendly for learners with disabilities; ●● A key barrier for children with disabilities not staying in school is failure of classroom teachers to meet the learning needs of children with disabilities and not making schools disability friendly; ●● Sufficient resources for teacher trainings to equip them to identify and attend to the specific needs of special education students. Table 10.9 Project Results — Malawi Promoting Inclusion of Children with Disability into Basic Education for All Program Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Schools receiving grants (in numbers) 30 30 Teachers trained in inclusive education 1,100 1,500 Note: Original target for schools to receive grants was 150. This was reduced to 30 based on the recommendation in the Situation Analysis report. 58 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 VIETNAM: Intergenerational Deaf Education Outreach (IDEO) Project (TF099058; $2.80 million) Project Relevance and Achievement of Development Objectives The project was very relevant to the country’s sectoral needs. Vietnam had expressed a strong com- mitment to achieving universal basic education as a foundation for social development and economic growth. While the country had made impressive progress towards achieving the Education for All goals, a wide gap continued to exist between non-disadvantaged and disadvantaged students. The disadvantaged students had lower education outcomes than their non-disadvantaged peers. The project was consistent with the CPS (2007–2011) pillar on “strengthening social inclusion” and Pillar 3 of the 2012–2016 CPS on broadening access to opportunity, the theme of addressing “weaknesses in basic public service delivery and access” (i.e., access to education for deaf children). At the time of preparation of this project, Vietnam had an estimated 16,000 deaf and hard-of- hearing children between the ages of 0–5 years, and most of these children lacked access to specialized early education, which impacted their ability to fully develop mentally and socially. Of the few deaf children who entered school, many were not ready for academic learning. The IDEO model was unique in Vietnam and the only intervention that specifically targeted pre-school aged deaf children with a proven record of strengthening their school readiness. Given that there were no other interventions that support deaf children’s early development or directly align with the government’s priorities regarding deaf education, the PDO continue to be highly relevant. The project aimed to assist young deaf children integrate into mainstream society, by piloting an innovative joint family and institution-based delivery system comprising screening, family support and preschool services. The project closed in June 2016. The achievements of the development outcomes against targets are shown in Table 10.10. The third outcome indicator, “New joint family-institution intervention model for young deaf children is appreciated, adopted and replicated in the mainstream education system” was partially achieved. While there is wide appreciation for these interventions amongst Family Support Teams, teachers, parents, children and ministry officials, the model has not yet been adopted or replicated within the mainstream education system. The project’s direct beneficiaries were 5,204 against a target of 3,060. These beneficiaries included: ●● 255 deaf children benefited from early childhood education (170 percent increase from target); ●● 45 Grade 1 students learning sign language; ●● 320 parents of deaf children fully involved (107 percent increase from target); ●● 1,380 deaf adults involved in deaf clubs (115 percent increase from target); ●● 2,760 family members of deaf adults fully involved (230 percent increase from target); ●● 105 deaf leaders trained (205 percent increase from target); ●● 55 deaf family mentors trained (220 percent increase from target); ●● 89 Hearing teachers of deaf children trained (294 percent increase from target); Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 59 Table 10.10 Project Results — Vietnam Intergenerational Deaf Education Outreach Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Eligible deaf children can function well in families and are well- 255 150 prepared for mainstream school programs (entering Grade 1) (in numbers) Note: These children benefitted from early childhood interventions and sign language instruction, which in turn has helped them achieve significant gains in terms of cognitive and language skills. Children having benefitted from IDEO interventions also developed higher socio-emotional skills and were able to actively interact with other family members compared to pre-IDEO6, making them well prepared for formal schooling. Number of preschool deaf children and families seeking screening 550 400 and family support and preschool support from the joint family- institution model increased Note: This indicator tracked: (i) the number of children being screened and subsequently receiving joint family-institution support; and (ii) the number of parents expressing interest in participating in the project. ●● 54 communication facilitators trained; ●● 40 technical and management officials from education agencies involved. Some other activities that contributed to the achievement of the above outcomes included the following: ●● Development and dissemination of a new educational website together with training materials and a sign language dictionary became a knowledge hub on deaf education in Vietnam; ●● Reaching an agreement with VTV7 - a national education channel - to develop and broad- cast “Weekly Five Signs Teaching” episodes for deaf preschoolers and their families; ●● Supported the digitalization of learning materials on teaching and learning in sign lan- guage, which include: (i) a 2,000 Vietnamese sign dictionary; (ii) 52 episodes of “Learning Five Signs Every Week” to be broadcast on VTV7 - the national education channel; and (iii) an educational website covering all project learning materials and reference/information on deaf education and the deaf community. Key Lessons ●● Pilot projects allow the flexibility to make necessary adjustments to ensure that the max- imum number of target beneficiaries are reached efficiently, to gather critical information about the government’s buy-in and collect valuable lessons before committing additional resources; ●● Social media can provide an effective and cost-efficient way to raise awareness and establish support networks; for example, awareness-raising activities such as “Family Fun Days” were important to inform the communities about IDEO and deaf education and acted as a catalyst for deaf adults and parents of deaf children to establish support 6 This was confirmed by findings from the Early Development Instrument (EDI) study, as well as parents and family support teams throughout the life of the project. 60 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 Box 10.3 Unlocking the Potential of Pre-School Deaf Children in Vietnam The IDEO model has three main features: (i) use of sign language as the primary mode of communication, enabling deaf children to connect with their families and with the outside world; (ii) have deaf mentors as role models, advocates and sign language teachers; and (iii) involve the family in the child’s learning and development. “Two months after joining the program, my daughter can now communicate a lot with me. She knows many words now and tells me the names of different fruits when she goes out. She can also count,” said Dinh Vo Kim Ly, mother of Ho Vo Tuong Vi, a four-year old girl with hearing loss. Sign language is a tool for inclusive education. The project also launched an interactive website (http://ideo.org.vn) to provide online sign language learning videos, sign language vocabulary, games, and other materials on Deaf education for Deaf children and their families, educators and the public. A series of short sign language videos has been prepared for broadcast on the national education channel (VTV7) to reach out to a wider audience. Four-year old Young Linh sums it up nicely: “Now we can all speak the same language.” “The IDEO project has not only opened a new and appropriate method to teach sign language for the Deaf children, it has also strengthened the participating schools and other relevant organizations in supporting Deaf education in Vietnam,” said Vice Minister of Education and Training Nguyen Thi Nghia. Source: Excerpted from World Bank Feature Story (April 17, 2014) networks. Facebook and other social media applications can facilitate the establish- ment of networks and get support. In the pilot project, with the use of social media, the non-participating provinces were able to tap the resources produced by IDEO and learn from project beneficiaries on how to establish their own support groups and networks. The lessons from IDEO interventions have been incorpo- rated into a new operation “Quality Education for Children with Hearing Loss” which aimed at increasing access of stu- dents with hearing loss to Vietnamese sign language-based primary education, training teachers in deaf education and sign language, and establishing an online library containing sign language related teaching and learning materials. The Global Partnership for Output-based Aid funded the new Children learning sign language operation. Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 61 ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND COMMUNITY LEVEL DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT BURKINA FASO: Emergency Livestock Feed Access Project (TF013331; $2.85 million) Project Relevance and Achievement of Development Objectives The project was relevant and timely. It was designed as a response to the animal feed crisis and to complement the government’s effort to mitigate the food crisis by focusing on human food security. The project targeted poor and vulnerable pastoral households living in rural communes at risk of reduced livestock-based food production due to the significantly reduced pasture resources following the 2011–2012 climatic shock. The project’s focus on improving access to animal feeds was consistent with the Accelerated Growth and Sustainable Develop- ment Strategy (2011–2015) and was closely aligned with Outcome 3.3 of the CPS 2013–2016, which emphasized measures for an integrated system for alerts and responses to manage risk and catastrophes. The PDO was to increase access to livestock feed and health services to small-scale livestock keepers living in pastoral and agro-pastoral zones with substantial risk of livestock output reduc- tion in 2012. The project closed in December 2015. The results based on the outcome indicators exceeded the project completion targets as shown in Table 10.11. The project’s impact assessment indicated that the project: ●● Contributed significantly to maintaining milk production, particularly for small ruminants (the largest herds) with an increase of 19 percent compared to project non-beneficiaries; ●● 1,065 jobs created, of which 18 percent were permanent and 82 percent temporary (nine months) jobs that included family and non-family labor force; ●● Beneficiaries were able to (i) maintain their milk production at an acceptable level and animal feed costs had considerably reduced with the straw shredder technology intro- duced under the JSDF project; and (ii) improve revenues and create permanent and tem- porary jobs. Based on these results, potential rural youth migration to cities during the long dry season can be reduced while improving the performances of livestock production systems. 62 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 Table 10.11 Project Results — Emergency Livestock Feed Access Project in Burkina Faso Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Number of direct household beneficiaries 31,906 (255,078 28,000 individuals) Female beneficiaries (as percent of total) 38 30 Beneficiary livestock keepers who were able to maintain normal 90 90 herd’s mortality rate as defined in the baseline survey (%) Beneficiary small-scale producers who have maintained their milk 90 84 production (%) Key Lessons ●● Designing a robust and a structural response to livestock feed crises is the key for sustain- able livestock production in Burkina Faso. The project implementation revealed that the country lacks a formal mechanism to address such crises. Taking into account the increas- ing rainfall variability and the effects of climate change, having a robust response system in place to strengthen the country’s readiness to respond to future animal feed crises is suggested; ●● Sensitization and a clear definition of roles and responsibilities for the project’s key stakeholders are crucial for successful project implementation even under an emer- gency situation. The pressure to go straight into the implementation of project activities in the field when an emergency was declared was compromised by a weak appropriation of project implementation mechanisms by stakeholders. The project implementation indicated that animal feeds and veterinary products would have been better distributed and data collection better facilitated if the deconcentrated technical services of the Ministry of Livestock Resources were better sensitized on project imple- mentation arrangements; ●● Targeting the right beneficiaries can be challenging in an emergency situation. The criteria for targeting vulnerable producers should be well defined to take into account the specific- ity of the livestock sector; ●● An emergency response project can be successful when the demand for services is antic- ipated early and a procurement process initiated by preparing bidding documents while designing the project. Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 63 EL SALVADOR: Agricultural and Energy Risk Management: An Integral Strategy to Cope with Drought and Food Insecurity (TF013124; $1.83 million) Project Relevance and Achievement of Development Objectives The pilot project (AGROENERGIA) was consistent with the policies of the National Council for Nutrition and Food Security and the National Technical Committee. These institutions were created in 2009 to implement the National Policy for Nutrition and Food Security, articulating participa- tory solutions and responses linking government and civil society to solving the food insecurity problem. The project was aligned with the CPS to mitigate the impact of the crisis and, among other things, increase economic opportunities, particularly for the poor. It was compatible with the overall country strategy to raise agricultural productivity, strengthen value chains while protecting the environment, and support the safety net in rural areas by increasing rural incomes through increased food production. The project assisted poor farmers living in the dry eastern region adapt their farming practices to better cope with drought, food insecurity, and high and volatile prices of agricultural and energy inputs. The farmers had been affected by the global crisis which severely contracted the economy, and which was only partly mitigated by a temporary safety net mostly for vulnerable urban poor. Under the project, farmers increased their productivity through the introduction of innovative agroforestry practices and irrigation and energy technologies, which also increased their resilience to drought, food insecurity and input price volatilities. The project was expected to help increase productivity to meet the minimum levels of subsistence but the increase in productivity allowed them additional production to sell in the market. The grant was implemented by groups of small- holders assisted by local community-based organizations and cooperatives. The results achieved are outlined in Table 10.12 below. This project closed in November 2015. Table 10.12 Project Results — El Salvador AGROENERGIA Project Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Number of beneficiaries (of whom % women) 2,612 (46) 2,000 Number of farmers using agro-forestry systems 106 40 Number of on-farm harvesting and storage capacity installed 688 40 and in use Number of irrigations systems established and/or improved 53 (dripping and 40 and in use rainwater harvesting system) Number of alternative energy systems installed and in use by 69 40 farmers 64 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 Key Lessons ●● Important to work directly with communities and foster gender equality using a gender approach—favoring the involvement of women within the family and community context, respecting and taking into consideration their values and beliefs; ●● The need to design information and consultation strategy to be implemented during the life of the project; ●● Environmentally sound agriculture is sustainable if a holistic and integral approach that includes cultivation, irrigation, harvesting and commercialization, is applied; ●● Successful agriculture risk management needs to include agroforestry and mixed agricul- tural systems. GUATEMALA: Strengthening the Resilience Capacity of Maya Indigenous Peoples and Peasants to Cope with Food Insecurity and Climate Change in Dry-Corridor (TF011700; $2.51 million) Project Relevance and Achievement of Development Objectives This pilot project was relevant. In Central American countries more than half a million families were faced with what experts called “food insecurity” or lack of food due to agriculture and livestock losses due to the prolonged absence of rain. This devastating situation had the worst impact on Guatemala, where the drought occurred following two years of poor harvests (2012–2013) and declining employment for day workers resulting from the coffee rust crisis. The drought affected 70 percent of the country’s landmass and the poorest 54 percent of the population, a segment that accounts for half of all chronic malnutrition among children under age five. In Guatemala, more than 236,000 families were affected. The objective of this pilot project was to contribute to agricultural risk management and increased productivity levels of peasants and indigenous peoples of both genders living in the selected areas of the Guatemala Dry-Corridor, using environmentally sensitive production systems at lower pro- duction costs to ensure food security. In this region, farmers were unable to produce anything due to lack of water, good quality seeds and technical assistance. The project faced several challenges for the technicians to provide timely and adequate technical assistance. These were: working with a variety of produces; remote location of the communities; and the impact of climate change over the last two years. Despite these challenges, with project interventions, farmers were able to harvest at least twice a year. Strategic alliances were made with key organizations, such as the Institute for Science and Technological Agriculture, which helped with the provision of resistant seeds and technical assistance to the farmers. The project closed in May 2016. Table 10.13 shows that the project results exceeded or matched the end of project completion targets. Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 65 Table 10.13 Project Results — Strengthening the Resilience Capacity of Maya Indigenous Peoples and Peasants to Cope with Food Insecurity and Climate Change in Guatemala Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Number of farms using rainwater 701 52 Number of farms implementing agroforestry and mixed agricultural systems 1611 79 Number of farmer organizations with resilience plans 25 25 The following completed activities contributed to the project results shown above: ●● 52 subprojects (accounted for 1,560 farmers with 30 farmers in each sub-project with an average farm size of 0.35ha) implemented agroforestry and mixed agriculture systems and 322 training events carried out. All subprojects included environmentally sensitive production systems and reservoirs that contributed to lower costs in the use of water for drip irrigations; ●● Compost systems established in each of the farms that helped reduce costs as farmers did not need to purchase fertilizers; ●● 512 out of 701 farms installed drip irrigation systems. EGYPT: Participatory Farm-level Irrigation Modernization (TF098199; $2.75 million) Project Relevance and Achievement of Development Objectives The objectives of the project were to pilot participatory approaches for modernizing farm-level irrigation and cropping practices by targeting about 5,000 small-scale farmers covering an irriga- tion area of 2,800 ha in the command areas of Mahmoudia, Manaifa and Meet Yazid located in the Nile Delta and to analyze the constraints and opportunities for scaling up these pilot approaches and to disseminate lessons learned. The project was highly relevant and complementary to Egypt’s Agriculture 2030 Strategy, which prioritized boosting agricultural productivity by improving field and horticultural crops, increasing the efficiency of on-farm irrigation systems from 50% in 2009 to 80% by 2030 and strengthening extension services. The project was also aligned with the CPS for Egypt (2015–2019) that emphasizes the need to enhance agricultural productivity by strengthen- ing the allocation and management of water resources and the need to develop supply chains. The project outcome indicators show that the development objective was largely achieved as out- lined in Table 10.14. The project closed in June 2016. The project helped establish 22 Farmer Field Schools in two governorates where extension workers both female and male, were trained to provide advice and transfer knowledge of modern irrigation 66 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 Table 10.14 Project Results — Participatory Farm-Level Irrigation Modernization in Egypt Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Operating costs for farmers applying irrigation water to their –82% (overachievement is due to –30% fields reduced by 30% (in %) use of electric instead of diesel pumps generally used) Number of beneficiaries who have access to modern irrigation 4,773 5,000 and farming systems introduced in the project and agronomic practices to female and male farmers. This was useful for farmers to enhance their knowledge of land leveling, application of fertilizers for different crops, precision transplanting, planting rice in rows etc. Key Lessons ●● Farmers require significant training, awareness raising and a hands-on approach for participatory approaches, i.e. involving farmers in irrigation improvement works, to be successful; ●● Farmer Field Schools can be an important conduit for building technical knowledge; ●● Political risks can be managed by adopting appropriate flexible approaches. NICARAGUA: Reducing Vulnerability of Small Farmers to Price Risk (TF014338; $1.00 million) Project Relevance and Achievement of Development Objectives Nicaragua was particularly hard-hit by the global food price crisis, particularly during 2006–2011. Domestic food price inflation increased from 10.7% in January 2006 to 34.2% in August 2008, and increased again in 2010 and 2011. At the time of the project preparation, Nicaragua was among the countries with the highest food price increases in Latin America. This impacted all Nicaraguans, but the poor were disproportionately affected. This project was directly aligned with the WBG’s response to the Food Price Crisis, and con- tinues to align with longer-term strategies of risk management in Agriculture. At the time of project preparation, the WBG was coordinating all activities with the donor community through the PRORURAL sectoral roundtable and led a coalition to promote programs to fight malnutri- tion, bringing stakeholders together to define and implement the National Food and Nutrition Security Policy (PNSAN for its Spanish acronym). This project was intended to be part of the donor coordination and the WBG’s overall contribution to the PNSAN, as a direct response to the Food Price Crisis. Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 67 The PDO, to reduce the vulnerability of small farmers in Nicara- gua to the increased volatility in international food markets by reducing transactions costs for trading of agriculture products locally and internationally and increasing access to price risk management tools and strategies, was fully achieved. The proj- ect succeeded in reducing the national and international trans- action costs and after-tax margins of two products that were not previously traded in the exchange — cacao and honey. The traded price of these two products was measured before they were included in the exchange, and compared to the total cost Agriculture team in Nicaragua helps farmers combat price and weather risks after. The project also provided financing and technical support to equip and certify laboratories, which reduced the time neces- sary for producers to obtain quality certification for commercial- ization of agricultural products traded through the “bolsa” (stock exchange) by 50%. (Table 10.15). In addition, the project increased access to price risk management tools and strategies through: ●● The creation of new price risk management tools contoured to small farmers; ●● The creation of an online trading platform to facilitate access to new tools; and ●● Training small farmers on price risk management tools, including how to access and use them. An on-line platform for promotion of agricultural trade has been installed and at the time of project closing, two trades were made using the on-line risk management tools. Results at project completion against targets are shown below. The project closed in March 2016. Table 10.15 Project Results — Reducing the Vulnerability of Small Farmers to Price Risk in Nicaragua Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Reduction in transaction costs and after-tax margins of products –29 –10 currently not traded through local commodity exchange (in %) Number of additional agricultural products (cash and/or financial 2 2 contracts) traded through local commodity exchange (in number) Reduction in time for obtaining quality certification for 50 10 commercialization for agriculture products (in %) Increase in the volume of food products traded through the local 3 2 commodity exchange (in %) Number of new commodity trade and/or price risk management 2 2 strategies/tools for small farmers Number of farmers trained in improved agriculture price risk 3,200 3,000 management strategies 68 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 Key Lessons ●● Training on price risk management tools tailored to the needs of small farmers is a key step in helping to protect themselves against price fluctuations in international markets; ●● Organization of farmers into well-structured groups is important for the adoption of new technology; ●● Effective collaboration between the two administrative and technical organizations is a key factor for success; ●● Sufficient time is needed for training on the price risk tools, testing the application, and adoption. HONDURAS: Environmentally Sustainable Cacao Production for Small-Scale Indigenous Peoples and Afro-descendant Farmers (TF011699; $2.25 million) Project Relevance and Achievement of Development Objectives The project was very relevant to the country context. Small-scale indigenous and Afro-descendent cacao farmers in Honduras were engaged in poor farming and production practices and lack the necessary entrepreneurial skills and management knowledge to expand production and increase their sales into new market. The challenge was to introduce new environmentally sound farming methods and create an entrepreneurial mentality for sustainable growth and development. In addi- tion, with improved production and quality, the farmers would need to learn how to market and negotiate prices. The project aimed to increase productivity to at least six quintals per hectare of small-scale cacao producers by lowering production costs through environmentally sensitive pro- duction systems, such as agroforestry, and to build strategic partnerships to improve commercialization. The project development outcomes were achieved and for all the indicators exceeded the targets as shown in the Table 10.16. The project closed in May 2016. Harvesting Cacao Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 69 Table 10.16 Project Results — Environmentally Sustainable Cacao Production for Small-Scale Indigenous Peoples and Afro-descendant Farmers in Honduras Key Performance Indicators Results Targets Number of direct project beneficiaries 2,162 2,000 Number of women beneficiaries 1,030 300 Number of farms using agro-forestry systems 1,181 1,000 Number of farms producing at least 6 quintals per hectare 8 6 Notes: The average size of the farms runs from 1.5 to 2 ha. It is important to note that not only the expected result/indicator was exceeding but the number of ha benefitted from the project were about 1700. There were no certified farms before the project was implemented. Genetic material using native cocoa trees accompanied by good and smart agriculture produce agro forestry based in organic cacao contributed to increase productivity. Key Lessons ●● Sustainability is achieved when comprehensive and holistic training is provided. The scope of such training should include agroforestry and good practices, business management and administration and trade. The training should be provided to both men and women engaged in this area; ●● The implementing agency needs to constantly supervise all aspects of the project cycle; ●● Beneficiaries need to learn to prepare and measure SMART indicators; ●● Low cost technological packages help. JAMAICA: Community-Based Landslide Risk Reduction (TF095055; $2.38 million) Project Relevance and Achievement of Development Objectives The project’s objectives, design and implementation remain highly relevant and in line with Jamaica’s development strategies, legislations, regulations and programs related to Disaster Risk Management (DRM). ●● The National Hazard-Risk Reduction Policy (2005) promotes active participation and part- nership of communities, governmental and non-governmental organizations, the private sector and development partners, in the conceptualization, design and implementation of hazard-risk reduction measures, and provides the basic guidelines for realization of the benefits of these measures in overall disaster management to support the sustainable development process; 70 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 ●● A key outcome of the fourth goal of the National Development Plan, ‘Vision 2030’ (2009) is hazard risk reduction and adaptation to climate change; ●● DRM is a focus area in Jamaica’s CPS (2014–2017). The project objective was substantially achieved and the project activities have contributed to reducing landslide risk at community level in Jamaica. The final toolkit on Community-based Land- slide Risk Reduction based on the experiences and lessons learnt from the Management of Slope Stability in Communities (MoSSaic) methodology was not completed by the project closing date but was ultimately completed with government resources. (The MoSSaic methodology is centered on reduction of rainfall-triggered landslides on sloping lands occupied by irregular communities in developing countries. The method involves using community resources to identify and implement drainage solutions, and strives to create an evidence base to measure and quantify the results of the interventions.) ●● Training on MoSSaic methodology completed; areas of training included: introduction to disaster risk management, institutional strengthening, MoSSaic methodology, construction technologies, tools for sustainability and drainage maintenance; ●● Identification and implementation of community-based landslide risk reduction work in four communities completed. Achievement of the project’s outcome indicators is outlined in Table 10.17 below. The project closed in August 2015. Key Lessons ●● Application of MoSSaic methodology requires government policy to include disaster risk mitigation initiatives for informal settlements. The two main criteria for selecting a MoSSaiC intervention are that they be informal communities and exposed to landslide risk; ●● Multi stakeholder involvement via a variety of channels is an approach that can yield considerable benefits and buy-in. As communities are empowered to be more land- slide resilient, mitigation efforts such as drain construction, roof gutter installation, downpipes, water tanks, and hurricane strapping, can be executed by communities. Table 10.17 Project Results — Community-based Landslide Risk Reduction in Jamaica Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Number of completed landslide mitigation measures in 4  4 vulnerable communities Number of Community leaders, Government staff and 1,014 (971 community leaders 140 Trainers trained in MoSSaiC methodology and 43 government officials) Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 71 LEGAL SERVICES AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE NIGERIA: Access to Justice for the Poor (TF099276; $2.53 million) Project Relevance and Achievement of Development Objectives The project was relevant to the Legal Aid Act of 2011 in Nigeria. The project’s objective was to enhance access to legal aid services by the poor and vulnerable in Kaduna State to enable them to effectively enforce their socio-economic rights and resolve civil matters disputes. The project’s grievance redress component was aligned with the WBG’s Strategy Framework for Citizen Engagement. The project achieved its intended development objectives. A notable accomplishment of the project was the interest expressed by 12 local governments and the project implementing organization - the Legal Aid Council in Nigeria (LACON), the Ahmadu Bello University and one NGO in maintaining the decentralized legal aid clinics, piloted by the project, after project closure. The project closed in November 2015. Table 10.18 shows that the project results exceeded the targets. Table 10.18 Project Results — Access to Justice for the Poor in Nigeria Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Number of functioning legal aid clinics in Kaduna state 14 12 Number of centers fully staffed and functional offering full range of legal aid 3 3 services Number of poor and vulnerable used available legal services 830 242 Number of people trained on legal rights and ADR and specific issues (e.g., land) 6,213 5,000 The successful completion of the following activities contributed to the achievement of the devel- opment results: ●● Establishment of 20 legal aid clinics (including three centers in the senatorial districts), of which 14 will be maintained beyond project closure; ●● Training provided to front-line staff (legal aid lawyers, paralegals and Youth Corps volunteers) across Kaduna State on ADR and specific legal topics to provide quality services. Lawyers/ legal service providers from the Local Government Area (LGA) have been included in these training sessions to ensure for a smooth continuation of legal service provisions after project closure; 72 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 ●● Holding outreach and awareness cam- paigns to address economic, social and Box 10.4 cultural rights; Engaging Citizens Through Mediation — Reaching out to approximately 850,000 ●●  the Kaduna Model people through radio programs, jingles and road shows; In Nigeria, the Kaduna model provides a strong, context-specific Providing decentralized services ●●  example of engaging citizens at the grassroots to resolve through the legal aid clinics piloted in 20 disputes that might otherwise make them feel powerless, and to locations; do so before they escalate and cause further harm whether in ●●  Carrying out awareness raising activi- the form of conflict or increased vulnerability to poverty. ties in communities and training of over The Kaduna Model presents an opportunity for addressing 6,200 other service providers and NGOs conflicts in the areas of land, property, and business. enabled conflict resolution through a sev- This project showed there is unmet demand at the grassroots enfold increase in cases over four years. level for mediation services. Clients praised the professionalism and fairness of lawyers offering a venue for formal mediation Key Lessons and found it more worthwhile (and accessible and affordable) ●●  Baseline assessments are useful than resorting to courts. to gauge the level and location of Source: World Bank Publication (June 2016) demand and the possible support of the local government agencies to sup- port the centers. These surveys must be carried out at the design stage and done by a competent company; ●● Office locations need to be chosen based on demand and availability of adequate profes- sional staff; ●● Relationships with the key relevant organization, such as the local government agency, have to be carefully managed; ●● Unless key stakeholders in the government are engaged, ownership of the project may be problematic; ●● Capacity building of NGOs in the area of financial management and accountability is required to meet the standards of donor agencies like the World Bank. It is recommended to use appropriate selection criteria in the long listing process, then provide training to the finalists to assess those that are still interested and who will be able to then meet higher standards in the short listing process; ●● It is important to reach out to women and others with cultural and religious differences. While raising awareness is the first step to ensure demand for the clinics’ services, it does not always reach everyone or succeed in bringing cases from all groups in society. Cultural issues often prevent some groups from coming forward with cases. A strong effort should always be made to ensure that all societal groups are reached with information about available legal aid services. Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 73 PERU: Enhancing Integrated Legal Aid Strategies for the Poor (TF099277; $1.12 million) Project Relevance and Achievement of Development Objectives The project’s development objective to strengthen the provision of free legal services for Peru’s urban poor and most vulnerable citizens was aligned and consistent with the Government of Peru’s priorities to modernize public services and enhance access to justice at the national level. The project was aligned with: ●● Peru’s National Pact, which included a chapter on Justice and its role in strengthening democracy and the rule of law; ●● Peru’s CPS (FY07–FY11) that set the strengthening of public sector management and the overall improvement of the justice system as a key component of the strategy; ●● CPS (2012–2016) that emphasized access to basic justice services as a priority challenge to be addressed, in order to overcome the economic, gender, linguistic and cultural barriers faced by the poor. The CPS sought to provide tools to achieve a more inclusive develop- ment, and allow the poor to fully exercise their rights; ●● Implementation of the second phase of the Peru Justice Services Improvement Project (P110752) by providing a framework around which civil society could be involved in devel- oping a comprehensive and effective legal services plan. The PDO was achieved. The project closed in September 2015. Table below shows that the results exceeded the targets. Table 10.19 Project Results — Enhancing Integrated Legal Aid Strategies for the Poor in Peru Key Outcome Indicators Results Targets Number of trained and certified legal service professionals 140 80 Number of fully functional legal service stations (These stations were established in   6  4 remote areas where needs for legal services were identified) The main activities that contributed towards the achievement were: ●● Eight Free Justice Services Stations (FJSS) established in remote areas where justice ser- vices needs of the poor were identified. A survey taken at the end of the project indicated that satisfaction with the services provided by legal service stations reached 80%; ●● 911 Lawyer Call Centers established to help citizens obtain free legal orientation. About 1,000 people benefited from Public Information and Awareness Program; 74 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 ●● 2,478 cases (corresponded mainly to civil, criminal and family matters) were received and processed by the new FJSS; one of the main challenges encountered was to disseminate information about their work to citizens. However, once citizens became aware of the ser- vices offered, one such station could have an average of 50 monthly legal consultations on potential legal suits and handle 80 active cases. Key Lessons ●● Sustained engagement and collaboration with the client results in a stronger political com- mitment during project preparation, entry, implementation and completion; ●● Important to have an exit-strategy once the project is completed. In this case, additional incentives need to be provided for those who worked in the project as volunteers; ●● A formal and articulated referral system and long-term institutional agreements could help ensure the project’s sustainability and consolidate its impact. Under the project, the insti- tutional agreements were made with Law Schools and local universities. Also, the project used the spaces for the stations that were of the allied institution; ●● Important to generate links with other relevant justice service providers at the local level. This was the case of legal clinics, Public Ministry, Judiciary, and the Ombudsmen office, among others. These institutions were of great support not only to refer the stations among local population but also as a way of making procedures faster and clearer. (This was also part of an important strategy to avoid future socially sensitive claims and crimes, such as domestic violence, murders, etc.). Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 75 CHAPTER 11 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT A n important element of the JSDF Knowledge Management initiative has been the JSDF Dialogue Series. Over the past five years, the JSDF Team organized a number of presentations on noteworthy JSDF projects and also presentations on books on JSDF projects. The members of the audience were the Japanese civil society. TICAD SEMINAR SERIES — INVESTMENT IN NUTRITION INITIATIVES IN AFRICA In FY16, the World Bank Tokyo office organized a seminar as part of the TICAD series instead of the JSDF Dialogue Series. The seminar focused on nutrition in the Africa region. The audience was comprised of professionals from the Japanese private sector, governmental agencies, non- profit organizations, academia, and students. The Director of DFi’s Department of Trust Funds and Partnership (DFPTF) made a presentation titled The World Bank’s Engage- ment in Malnutrition in Africa in Partnership with Japan through the Japan Social Devel- opment Fund. The presentation focused on the JSDF’s strategic framework for reducing Tokyo Knowledge Event with Japanese NGOs Malnutrition through the TICAD Program. and academia—Open questions session The inherent human and economic costs, and impact on the poorest and most vulnerable (mostly women and children) were empha- sized. The results of selected malnutrition grants in the portfolio were highlighted, including several JSDF nutrition proposals in the preparation pipeline. A summary of the presentation is provided on the next page. 76 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 ●● Malnutrition is one of the world’s most serious but least addressed health problems; ●● The human and economic costs are enormous, falling hardest on the very poor and on women and children. In developing countries nearly one-third of children are underweight or stunted (low height for age); ●● Not only does malnutrition interact with repeated bouts of infectious disease, causing an estimated 3.5 million preventable maternal and child deaths annually, it also has lasting implications for multiple generations; ●● Stunting affects approximately 183 million children under five in the developing world. A large number of these children are in Africa (about 60 million stunted; + 30 million underweight and many more micronutrient deficient); ●● Responding to a strategy to scale-up nutrition, the JSDF Program has been designing and testing innovative pilot projects to: (i) improve infant, young child and pre-conception nutrition; (ii) build household and community resilience to food and nutrition insecurity shocks; and (iii) improve access to nutrient-rich food of plant and animal origins, improve access to community-based nutrition and livelihoods services; ●● Examples of two JSDF projects were highlighted. These are: Burundi Community Nutrition Project and Belize Improving Child Health; ●● The results of the Burundi Community Project were: 44 32,500 pregnant/lactating women were supported with basic nutrition services; 44 18,600 children below 24 months benefited from improved feeding; 44 9,800 children under five were treated for moderate or acute malnutrition. ●● Improving Children’s Health Project in Belize focused on improving health and nutrition of local Mayan communities through an early childhood development approach concen- trating on pre-natal care, nutrition monitoring in the critical window of opportunity, and school health interventions at the primary school level. Less than 5 percent 5–19 percent 20–29 percent 30–39 percent 40 percent or more Data not available Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 77 ●● The main project results to date: 44 Pre-natal care - providing pharmaceu- ticals across the Toledo District health network and sensitization training to Min- istry of Health staff on reducing cultural barriers that limit indigenous women from seeking and accessing health services; 44 Trained 84 Community Health Workers on key areas of proper nutrition prac- tices and monitoring; 44 Trained principals, teachers, and the Parents Teachers Association across the 32 primary schools on proper nutrition practices and the management and implementation of the school-feeding program; 44 De-worming and iron pills provided twice a year to primary school children as part of the national strategy to reduce malnutrition. ●● TICAD has been an evolving element in Japan’s long-term commitment to fostering peace and stability in Africa through collaborative partnerships. To do this, Japan has stressed the importance of Africa’s ownership of its development as well as of the Partnership between Africa and the international community; ●● JSDF is funding several nutrition projects under TICAD that focuses on complex develop­ ment issues that requires multi-sector approaches. Two examples of projects that are under preparation were presented. 44 Togo: Pilot Project to Improve Community based Nutrition ▪▪ Objective: to test an innovative approach of improving and expanding community- based delivery of nutrition services through better use of community health workers and other community members, to prevent chronic malnutrition and ensure better access to nutrition services; ▪▪ The Project aimed at (i) pregnant women and children under two years in selected regions with high child malnutrition and poverty level; (ii) behavioral change among men in the households as part of the decision making process, and training for a better understanding of the importance of nutrition in women and children; ▪▪ The project is expected to contribute to informing policy makers on building efficient, innovative and sustainable mechanisms of a community-based nutrition service delivery that could be replicated in other regions of Togo. 44 Mozambique: Pre-Conception Nutrition Improvement Pilot Project ▪▪ Objective is to improve pre-conception nutrition in support of Mozambique’s cur- rent efforts to scale up nutrition, with a focus to engage with beneficiaries who are the poorest; ensure ownership and participatory design of the project inputs; ▪▪ Community consultations are underway to identify potential linkages, to clarify community priorities and desired inputs and outcomes with respect to the pro- posed pilot project, and to understand perceptions and challenges of working with communities with regards to increasing their ownership in service delivery. 78 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 CHAPTER 12 JSDF ACHIEVING DEVELOPMENT RESULTS – INSTITUTION OF PROGRAM LEVEL RESULTS FRAMEWORK A comprehensive Results Framework for the JSDF Program is under implementation. The JSDF Results Framework, which has been main- streamed in the program, provides the building blocks and processes for effective measurement of the development achievement of the program. The Results Framework aims to achieve the JSDF Higher Level Development Objectives defined under two Tiers as follows: ●● Tier I: JSDF Program Development Objectives at Tier 1 enables the JSDF to leverage it along the seven thematic areas outlined above to achieve development outcomes as depicted in Figure 12.1; ●● Tier II aims to scale or replicate pilot projects through WBG financed operations or other methods as outlined in Figure 12.2; The JSDF results framework is largely aligned with the World Bank’s core sector indicators. The FY16 results framework demonstrates how the JSDF’s support has contributed in transforming the lives of the poor and most vulnerable, among these interventions. The results framework has been well received by Bank Management and during Consultations with the Government of Japan. Figure 12.3 (A) and (B) provide more detail on the JSDF results framework and the methodology used in monitoring and evaluation. The framework provides examples of partnerships that have helped fight poverty by building NGO and local government capacity; improving service delivery, rehabilitating infrastructure, supporting human development, and empowering marginalized groups. Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 79 Figure 12.1 JSDF Program Level Results Framework M&E Methodology Higher Level Development Objectives WBG’s Twin Goals to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity JSDF Development Objectives — Tier I Directly respond to the Development Needs of the poorest, marginalized and most vulnerable groups in society Livelihood Environ.Sustain. Improved Support Through Agric; Adaptation Basic Health Nutrition and Legal Service and Inclusive Entrepreneurial to Climate Change; and Sanitation Early Childhood Local Governance Education Skills and Job and Comm. Led Services Development Creation DRM Results Indicators Aligned Grants Key KPIs tracked through ISRs M&E Methodology; Data Collection; Frequency 80 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 Figure 12.2 Scale-up of Piloted JSDF Activities WBG Operations/ Development Partner Operations Higher Level Development Objectives WBG’s Twin Goals to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity JSDF Development Objectives – Tier II Provide Rapid and Demonstrable and Sustainable benefits to the poorest and most vulnerable groups Outcomes: Scale-up or replicate pilot projects through WBG - financed operations or other methods Indicator: (i) Number of key national policies informed; (ii) Design features introduced in WBG financed projects (in number) Benin: Uganda: Togo: Mongolia: Djibouti: Tanzania: Philippines: Community An Innovative, Cash Transfer Improving Employment and Conditional Community Nutrition Integrated Program for Primary Educa- Human Capital cash transfers Enterprise Project–Best Approach to Vulnerable tion Outcome for Safety Net was for more than Development practices and Enhance Children in the Most scaled up into 2,000 poor as Pathway innovations Smallholder Northern Togo– Vulnerable the IDA Human families Out of have informed Family Nutrition WBG is Children in Rural Capital Safety informed a Poverty- the design of –WBG financed considering Mongolia- Net Project and $100 million Initial the WBG Multi-sectoral- evolution of the Government of subsequent IDA project linkages financed Multi- Food Security program under Malawi has Additional and paved the made with sectoral Food and Nutrition the next requested Financing to way for other other WBG Health and Project ($27 Community WBG’s support the Credit CCTs in Africa supported Nutrition million) is Dev. Program to replicate the amounting to projects in Project in expected to (PDC) Opera- pilot nationally $10 million Mindanao Benin amount- build on the tion within the ing to $28 lessons of this 2016-2020 CPF million JSDF project Objectives Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 81 Figure 12.3 (A) Achieving Development Results on the Ground — JSDF Higher Level Development Objectives Contribute to WBG’s Twin Goals to end extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity through supporting innovative programs JSDF Development Objectives – Tier I Directly respond to the Development Needs of the poorest, marginalized and most vulnerable groups in society Livelihood Support through Improved Improved Nutrition and Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture, Entrepreneurial Skills and Job Creation Early Childhood Development Adaptation to Climate Change and Community-Led DRM •Direct beneficiaries: 1.07 million (o/w 50% women) •736,584 direct beneficiaries •Employment generated: 22,026 persons (o/w •96,903 children (0-24 months) participated in monthly growth monitoring and basic nutrition •82,469 smallholder farmers direct beneficiaries, of 50% women) •11,300 trained in livelihood opportunities services whom 60% women •4,878 youths received vocational training •100,138 children under 5 yrs, adolescent girls, •2,741 farms implementing agro-forestry and mixed •Over 80% (on average) increase in household lactating mothers and pregnant women benefitted agriculture systems from nutrition education and basic nutrition services •Average yield in participating farms increased by income due to project interventions •1,100 artisans trained in sustained mining •60% of severely malnourished children gained 21.6% against target weight •3,200 farmers trained in improved agriculture techniques, business management and legal •>90% of targeted infants exclusively breast-fed price risk management strategies aspects Selected Aligned Grants Selected Aligned Grants Djibouti: Enhancing Income Opportunities Uganda: An Innovative Integrated Approach to Selected Aligned Grants Belize: Promoting Sustainable Natural Resource- Enhance Smallholder Family Nutrition Burkina Faso: Emergency Livestock Feed Access Based Livelihoods Benin: Community Nutrition Project Armenia: Strengthening the Livelihoods and Voice Lao PDR: Mobilizing Ethnic Communities for El Salvador: Agriculture and Energy Risk of Vulnerable and Disabled Persons Improved Livelihoods and Wellbeing Management–An Integrated Strategy to Cope Mongolia: Community-led Infrastructure Project in Togo: Cash Transfer for Vulnerable Children with Drought and Food Insecurity Ulaanbaatar Tajikistan: Nutrition Grant Scale-Up Egypt: Participatory Farm-level Irrigation Ethiopia: Support to Artisan Miners Timor-Leste: Community-Driven Nutrition Modernization Tunisia: Emergency Support for Youth and Improvement Project Nicaragua: Reducing Vulnerability of Small Community Works and Local Participation Farmers to Price Risk 82 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 Figure 12.3 (B) Achieving Development Results on the Ground — JSDF Higher Level Development Objectives Contribute to WBG’s Twin Goals to end extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity through supporting innovative programs JSDF Development Objectives - Tier I Directly respond to the Development Needs of the poorest, marginalized and most vulnerable groups in society Legal Service and Local Governance Basic Health and Sanitation Services Inclusive Education •23,389 persons (o/w 40% women) benefited from access •98,000 people with access to improved •6,906 children of poor herders prepared for to legal counseling, representation, have increased sanitation facilities mainstream schools through home-based school awareness of legal rights and mechanisms for enforcement •2,480 households and schools have at least one preparation program •75 legal aid clinics staffed and functional improved toilet •255 deaf children can function in families and •5,380 persons trained on legal rights and ADR •50% reduction in stigma against Ebola-affected well prepared for mainstream schools •40,000 poor communities better informed of legal rights individuals/households •1,100 teachers trained on inclusive education and mechanisms for enforcement •248 Village Savings and Loan Associations and 1,009 children with disability enrolled in •2,478 cases received and processed through new legal aid formed for construction of 2,426 HOUSEHOLD schools system introduced under the project toilets in Ghana Selected Aligned Grants Selected Aligned Grants Selected Aligned Grants Honduras: Piloting New Forms of Community Jordan: Enhancing Community Driven Legal Aid Liberia: Supporting Psychological Health and Based Schools Services to the Poor Resilience Malawi: Inclusive Education for Disabled Nigeria: Access to Justice for the Poor Ghana: Results Based Financing for Sanitation and Children Peru: Integrated Legal Strategies for the Poor Hygiene Mongolia: Improving Primary Education Mozambique: Maputo Peri-Urban Sanitation Outcomes for the Most Vulnerable Children Vietnam: Intergenerational Deaf Education Outreach Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 83 CHAPTER 13 ADMINISTRATION D Fi is responsible for managing the JSDF Program’s Trustee role. The Pro- gram is managed by a small Secretariat under the leadership of the Direc- tor of DFPTF. The management functions include but are not limited to the following: ●● Quality at Entry of the Concept Notes and the grant proposals submitted by the Task Team Leads (TTLs) before submission to the MoF of the GoJ for approval; ●● Carrying out Oversight Missions to sample project sites to assess imple- mentation performance and interact with stakeholders and project beneficiaries; ●● Manage the fund flow from the GoJ; ●● Ensure timely submission of the Letters of Representation that confirm eligible expenses under the project and ensure that an audit is submitted. OVERSIGHT OF PROGRAM ACTIVITIES The JSDF Program Management Team periodically visits JSDF funded project loca- tions to assess progress on the ground, meet with the project beneficiaries and the project implementing agencies to learn about implementation challenges, and listen to the beneficiaries about the impact of JSDF activities on their lives. The missions provide the enabling environment for addressing any bottlenecks that may hamper project implementation. The JSDF team also visits the Embassy of Japan (EoJ) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) to brief them on project implementation. In FY16, the Team visited the following five projects: 84 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 INDIA: Economic Empowerment for Women (SEWA) ($1.80 million) The grant provided IT-enabled microenterprise support services to poor and vulnerable women in rural India to help improve their livelihoods and reduce their vulnerability. The grant transformed poor illiterate and semi illiterate women into grassroots CEOs and accomplished users of tech- nologies to improve their livelihoods and increased their incomes. The grant was implemented in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Bihar and some Northeastern states, with Gujarat as the main focus. The grant reached 524,566 beneficiaries, which is a 419% increase over target. Field Visit to Surendranagar Salt Farm, Gujarat The mission visited the Surendranagar Salt Farm where grassroots women are using solar-powered water pumps to draw brine out of Energy Efficient the ground into salt pans to produce salt. The process of replacing Solar Pump expensive and dirty diesel pumps with clean, cheap energy has used at the Surendranagar helped cut down on diesel consumption by 60%. The access to Salt Farm clean energy is helping these illiterate and semi illiterate women to take control of their lives and thrive economically. Before then, the SEWA salt workers were trapped in poverty because of the high cost of diesel, which represents about 70 percent of their production costs. The innovative solar pump has provided the enabling environment for the SEWA women to increase their productivity, earn more money, gain economic independence and assure better health and education opportunities for their families. The mission noted that the salt produced by the SEWA women for both edible and indus- trial use supply about 80% of the salt market in the community. The mission noted that the linkages with private enterprises such as the salt companies, along with technology interventions in production and marketing, have cut out the middlemen and resulted in a 30% increase in income for salt A SEWA woman farmers, which prevented the farmers from exploitative debt traps. examining salt at the Salt Farm Field Visit to Ganeshpura Organic Farm and Eco Tourism Center, Gujarat The Ganeshpura farm is one of SEWA’s RUDI Co-operative organizations that sells produce procured directly from local farmers, which is then processed and marketed by rural women called the ‘Rudi- bens’, a group the mission met with during the visit. It is worth noting that the SEWA RUDI has a network of over 4,000 ‘Rudibens’ who have sold products to over a million households in Gujarat. However, rapid growth in operations made it difficult for SEWA to manage orders at its processing centers in Gujarat. The ‘Rudibens’ were spending a significant amount of time and expense collecting Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 85 A Rudiben RUDI products from the processing centers. To overcome these woman challenges, SEWA partnered with Vodafone, MasterCard, Google, conducting and others to develop a mobile-based management information business via system, which enabled the ‘Rudibens’ to order products using their mobile phone mobile phones, and receive real-time updates from SEWA on new products, price changes, and marketing campaigns. The information tool also digitized SEWA’s system for tracking orders, inventory and sales, making their day-to-day operations more efficient. From the The Rudi discussions, the mission noted that the digitization of grassroots Cooperative transactions through mobile applications increased the ‘Rudibens’ Logo sales by up to 50%. The mission was amazed to see these illiterate and semi-illiterate women demonstrate the use of technology. The mission also noted that in addition to the ICT based tools, several innovative initiatives were made, including: ●● Virtual reality-based learning modules in driving, welding as well as digital modules in animal husbandry in partner- ship with TCS to provide technical foundation for mem- bers in vocational skills; ●● The rural livelihood portal connecting trainees and local Wrap-up meeting at organizations has increased the number of trainees finding the Surendranagar gainful employment: Cooperative Center 44 192,889 members have been trained in various pro- grams, of which 45,317 members were trained in voca- tional and technical training for livelihood improvement; 44 23,584 members were trained in Green Livelihood areas (solar lamps and improved cook-stoves); 44 6,082 members were trained in various ICT areas including community radio, GIS, Google services, Mem- A ‘Rudiben’ woman bership Management System, RUDI mobile apps etc. at the Surendranagar Cooperative Center Sustainability explaining to Jae So, Director, DFPTF, the JSDF activities are pilot activities that target the poorest of the poor various sources of SEWA and therefore sustainability of activities is critical. The mission noted income and expenditures that the SEWA activities are sustainable because seven out of the via the PRA tool nine cooperatives in Gujarat are financially sustainable, which was achieved through the following, among others: ●● Interest income on loans made to individuals or groups; ●● Commissions on RUDI’s transactions; ●● Fees for training programs. 86 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 The remaining two cooperatives are able to cover up to 75% of their costs, but are expected to be financially independent by 2017. Visibility of Japan Upon entering the communities, there are signposts visibly placed indicating that Japan and the JSDF financed the grant. There were also pictures of the Japanese Ambassador in some of the post- ers viewed. To enhance visibility, the mission requested that Japanese flag be added to the signposts. PHILIPPINES: JSDF Community Enterprise Development as Pathway out of Poverty Project ($2.90 million) The project objective is to help improve the livelihood and quality of life of households in six pilot municipalities through increased income and access to financial services, development of community- driven enterprises linked to markets, and local economic development support. The project closes in November 2016 (FY17). The mission was informed that the project is helping to build the capacity of poor households to identify, develop, and manage enterprise development activities that are linked to the market and economic plans of the local government units. The mission learnt that the community-based mobi- lization and capacity building activities are carried out in four phases: ●● Phase 1-Business Development: A participatory process to identify business opportunities. It included market studies, technical review, and feasibility analysis; ●● Phase 2-Resource Mobilization and Business Operations: Target beneficiaries receive train- ing and assistance to start their businesses and leverage more funding through micro-finance institutions; ●● Phase 3-Business Management: Local facilitators provide business coaching, mentoring, and carry out evaluations; ●● Phase 4-Business Sustainability and Local Development Enterprises: the focus is on engaging Local Government Units to support community enterprises. The mission was informed that: ●● Assessments of product supply and market chain studies at six sites completed; ●● Value chain mapping for six products completed; ●● 4,336 out of 6,000 target beneficiaries trained on production consolidation; ●● Six business plans approved for financing (per community enterprise) organization; Field Visit - San ●● Six municipalities have forged partnerships with micro-finance Remigio, Antique, institutions; Region VI Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 87 ●● Three knowledge products disseminated and monitoring and evaluation system developed and operational. Visibility of Japan’s Contribution The mission noted that the project beneficiaries were very well aware that Japan had provided the funds to start off their businesses through the WBG and expressed their gratitude. It was pointed out that some signposts at the sites should be put up to acknowledge Japanese funding through the JSDF. PHILIPPINES: JSDF Social Inclusion and Alternative Livelihood for the Informal Waste Sector ($2.90 million) The project aims to help improve the livelihood and social inclusion of the waste pickers and their communities through the development of alternative livelihood opportunities and incorporation into the evolving formal solid waste management sector. The project closed in FY16. The mission was informed of the initial implementation challenges, such as, (i) difficulty in mobilizing and organizing the 3,500 Informal Waste Sector members, (ii) selection of livelihood opportunities, and (iii) the lack of capacity of these members to start their micro-enterprises and manage the funds. The team learnt that these chal- lenges were subsequently overcome with the efforts of the project manage- ment team and capacity building training sessions that created the necessary skills to establish, manage, and sustain an enterprise. The implementing agency of the Project, SWAPP, has partnered with a local micro-finance institution to provide training on basic entrepreneurship and financial management skills (i.e., how to prepare a business plan, and how A JSDF grant beneficiary to identify and run a viable business). Of the 400 registered members, 62 wearing T-shirt with Japan and World Bank logos percent actively participated in the micro-enterprise scheme. SWAPP also partnered with a state-recognized institution that provides national and international skill development accreditation. A number of SWAPP-sponsored IWS workers have attended the welding school and passed the tests required for accreditation. SWAPP collaborated with the local government to formally recognize the Informal Waste Sector workers and their association. The project has allowed the Informal Waste Sector to have a voice. They are becoming productive members of society, with an opportunity to improve their lives. The mission noted that five of the project’s 10 sites are expected to be sustainable. These have a solid support from the cooperative as well as commitment of the Local Government Units to sup- port small business enterprises. 88 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 Visibility of Japan The mission observed that the beneficiaries were very well aware that Japan had provided the funds to start off their businesses through the WBG and expressed their gratitude. There were signposts on the sites visited recognizing the JSDF funding, including T-shirts with Japanese and World Bank logos. Courtesy Visit to the Embassy of Japan The mission shared its observations during the visit to the Embassy of Japan in the Philippines  where they met with Mr. Bumpei Sugano, Second Secretary in the Embassy. UGANDA: An Innovative, Integrated Approach to Enhance Smallholder Family Nutrition ($2.80 million) The development objective of the JSDF project is to improve the nutrition of an estimated 19,200 vulnerable and poorest smallholder households in the Mabara and Masaka districts by promoting the cultivation and consumption of nutrient-rich crops including bio-fortified high beta carotene — precursor of vitamin-A rich Orange Flesh Sweet Potato (OFSP) — and improving nutrition and care practices of children under two years, adolescent girls, and pregnant women. The implementing agency informed the mission that the integrated Production of approach to improve nutrition and food security of the beneficiaries by increas- disease-free vines and plantlets ing smallholder production and consumption of nutrient-rich OFSP products appears to be working. The mission visited the Tissue Culture Lab in Nakaseke district. The JSDF grant is supporting the development of a sustainable OFSP vine distribution system that would help overcome the scarcity of high-quality OFSP vines in the market. The tissue culture lab started inoculating and multiplying disease-free OFSP planting materials. This has resulted in the availability of large quantities of clean and disease-free micro-propagation superior planting materials. The mission was informed that the lab is fully operational and producing disease free vines and plantlets. The mission noted that the tissue culture lab, as part of a sustainable OFSP vine distribution system to help inoculate and produce multiplying disease-free OFSP, is likely to be successful if supported by a strong outreach and knowledge dissemination mechanism. In this context, the digital documentary developed to disseminate the project approach at the community level and elsewhere would help to increase demand for OFSP. The mission suggested that the task team explore a scaling-up of grant activities in partnership with the Multispectral Food Security and Nutrition Project to assure long-term sustainability. However, inherent challenges that need to be addressed to ensure long-term sustainability include institution of bore hole Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 89 systems to help irrigate water-stressed crops during the drought season, and the provision of large-scale production tools to farmers would help increase production. In addition, sustainability would be strengthened if health/nutrition services and OFSP and other nutri- ent-rich products were linked to demand for improved health care and nutrition practices. A Community The mission observed the adolescent peer sessions, where girls between Health Promoter the ages of 10–19 years from smallholder farmer households meet to weighing a discuss reproductive health issues, coping with adolescence, prevention child as part of early pregnancies and becoming productive citizens. The mission was of the Growth Monitoring informed that 4,080 adolescents girls have been reached during the and Promotion peer sessions facilitated by Adolescent Health Promoters and Project under the JSDF Assistants. grant The mission attended a community health and nutrition forum at the Kalungu district. The sessions included Community Health Promoters who conducted Growth Monitoring and Promotion evaluation of children under two years old. These forums focused on: sensitizing the smallholder farmers (with a particular focus on pregnant women and children under two) about good nutrition practices, breastfeeding, consumption of OFSP, the importance of dietary diversity, and good infant feeding practices. The expected outcome is to help improve the micronutrient intake of these children in order to decrease stunting, and provide information to the mothers to improve access to a wide range of basic health products in the community. Severely underweight children iden- tified as part of the session are referred to the health clinics for medical follow-up. Japan Visibility It was noted that the project sites had signboards with Japan and Demonstration plot World Bank logos but did not have the JSDF logo although the at Nakaseke with JSDF was mentioned in the signpost. The monthly growth moni- Signboard Displaying toring and promotion center visited did not have any signboards. Funding from the This was brought to the attention of the implementing agency and Government of Japan would be followed up on. GHANA: JSDF Results-based Financing for Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene Project in Ghana ($2.85 million) The grant was provided to improve the sanitation and hygiene practices of an estimated 112,500 poor and vulnerable persons in four districts of Northern Ghana, namely Saboda, East 90 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 Gonja, West Gonja and the Tamale Municipality. The objective is expected to be achieved through Results-Based Financing and innovative approaches in sanitation, such as the CLTS and VSAL Schemes which lay more emphasis on the resourcefulness of communities to make effective use of funds while stimulating demand and investment in water, sanitation and hygiene services. Implementation Progress: The mission met with the TTL of the grant and officials of the SNV– Netherlands Development Organization, Implementing Agency for the grant; and noted that the grant has provided services to 98 communities, which is 130.7 percent over the 75 percent target. However, the 88,400 beneficiaries reached are 21 percent below the target of 112,500. It is unlikely that this target will be met given that the average beneficiary per community target of 1,500 was unrealistic, according to SNV. Investing in Household Toilets and Progress towards Achieving Open Defecation-Free (ODF): The mission noted that progress has been made in the construction of the household toilets, with 57 communities achieving Basic ODF but would be subject to verification and certification. How- ever, the mission was informed that most of these households couldn’t afford the cost of construc- tion materials as purchases are made on an installment payment plan. The mission suggested that, to make financing accessibility easier, possible alternatives such as in-kind payment mechanisms using farm produce need to be considered. Also, the high cost of materials could be reduced through promotional sale mechanisms. Investing in School Sanitation: The mission noted good progress made regarding the construc- tion of 28 school sanitation facilities (toilets, urinals, waste disposal sites), which is 156% over target. Furthermore, 30 toilets were rehabilitated which is at 100% completion level and on target. The facilities are equipped with water supply (e.g., borehole) and WC facilities. However, commu- nities where the lands are too dry to initiate borehole mechanisms, KVIP and bio fills have been provided. Community Village Savings and Loans Schemes: The mission noted that 248 VSLA groups were formed in 75 communities, with 6,858 members (of which 80 percent are female) and total assets amounting to 873,382 Ghana cedis. These communities have constructed 803 toilets. The VSLA scheme provides financing for sanitation-related facilities such as toilets, waste bins, urinals, waste disposal sites, and hand washing stations. The mission visited three institutional toilets in K. Kpalgini, Tantuani, and Kushini communities, and participated in VSLA group meetings. The mission engaged the communities, including their leaders, in discussions about the overall program framework and some of the challenges they are faced with. The mission noted that the K. Kpalgini and Tantuani communities have reached ODF basic but were not yet verified. However, some of the communities cannot afford the construction materials, although modalities are underway to explore alternative financing mechanisms as alluded to above. Some of the implementation challenges that emerged were that a number of boreholes could not be con- structed to supplement rainwater - harvesting tanks because of poor aquifers in the region. The poor quality of water is of great concern given the serious health implications for the communities. The Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 91 mission recommended that SNV explore mitigation measures such as the provision of water filtration system in order to mitigate against water-borne diseases such as dysentery, diarrhea, cholera, etc. The mission visited the Tamale College of Education and the Zogbelli Cluster School where toilets have been completed. The mission participated in the inauguration of the new girls’ toilet facility at the Tamale College of Education. The facility is very modern with WC and built-in waste dis- posal elements. The school is ODF compliant. This is a substantial improvement from the previous unsanitary condition as exemplified in the picture below. Before JSDF: After JSDF: Toilet at Tamale Toilet Facility at College of Tamale College of Education Education Courtesy Visit to the Embassy of Japan: The mission, accompanied by the TTL of the JSDF grant, paid a courtesy call to the Ambassador of Japan in Ghana on July 21, 2016. In the absence of the Ambassador, Ms. Etsuko Ito, Coordinator for Economic Cooperation at the Embassy met with the mission. Ms. Ito was briefed on the overall JSDF Program framework, and the JSDF grant visited. The findings of the oversight mission were also shared. Ms. Ito indicated that she did not know much about the JSDF grant, as she is relatively new in Ghana. The TTL extended her an invitation to the opening ceremony of the toilet facility at Tamale College of Education scheduled in Novem- ber 2016. Ms. Ito asked the task team to send her additional information about the JSDF project, including the pipeline of activities in Ghana. Japan Visibility: Donor visibility is good but could be improved. The Tamale communities had sign posts visibly placed along the sites about the JSDF funding, although the main focus had been on implementation by SNV, which is not compliant with the JSDF policy framework. The mission suggested to SNV that they amend the signposts with the JSDF, Japanese and WBG logos and move “implemented by SNV” to the bottom of the poster. Visibility was very poor in the East Gonja communities and the mission informed SNV to establish the modalities for complying with the JSDF visibility policy. There are also plans to invite the Japanese Embassy to the commissioning of the completed toilets. Visibility of the JSDF grant is a challenge given the implementation by SNV, which is a Dutch organization. However, staff on the ground and the recipients could discern the funding source, which is the GoJ. A project funded by the United States Agency for International Development builds institutional toilets in markets, schools and other public places. The mission suggested that the JSDF pilot could provide the framework for implementing Results Based Financing for similar projects in the future. Also, the commitment of the District Assembly would be critical to sustain some of the incomplete activities. In addition, the continued capacity development of school management 92 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 committees and students would be important to assure sustainability. For the maintenance of toi- lets, it is hoped that the Ghana Partnership Education Program would provide the funding for this purpose. Furthermore, the provision of adequate water supply for the toilets during the dry season is critical to assure sustainability. Moreover, the continued operation and strengthening of the VSLA would help enhance the construction of improved household toilets to ensure sustainability. JAPANESE VISIBILITY Over the years, the GoJ has generously financed the JSDF Program. In order for the people of the JSDF grant recipient countries and other development partners operating in these countries to learn about Japan’s efforts to reach the poorest and marginalized groups of people, the JSDF Secretariat has prepared a Communications Toolkit that it shares during project implementation and knowledge-sharing events. The teams also distribute JSDF logos and other indicators of Japan’s engagement in and around project activities. During oversight missions, the JSDF Program management team visits the EoJ and JICA offices to exchange views on their bilateral program and how WBG staff can collaborate with them in the context of the JSDF. Discussions with EoJ and JICA representatives in most countries confirmed their interest in coordination. The Japanese officials also seek to involve partners in promoting the lessons learned from project implementation and sharing knowledge of good practices. WBG TTLs are required to help promote the visibility of Japan’s contribution and build local aware- ness of the JSDF in recipient countries through the following types of activities: ●● Publications, training programs, seminars and workshops financed by JSDF grants should clearly indicate that the activities in question have received funding from the GoJ; ●● The logo (the Japanese national flag) should be used in publications financed by the JSDF Program, and in banners and any other materials used in seminars and training programs financed by JSDF grants; ●● All press releases issued by WBG with respect to JSDF grants should refer to the financial contribution from the GoJ; ●● Recipients are required to ensure that JSDF-financed activities are well covered by local print and electronic media, and that all related publicity materials, official notices, reports and publications explicitly acknowledge Japan as the development partner providing funding for these activities. Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 93 CHAPTER 14 LOOKING TOWARDS THE FUTURE T he JSDF, a flagship program within the WBG, has impacted the lives of millions of people in low-and lower middle-income WBG member countries. Hundreds of thousands of people across the globe have been provided with new opportunities to have their voices heard in decisions that affect their lives and to assume greater responsibilities for their own destiny. The JSDF will continue to seek ways to improve projects and innovate to respond strategically to the rapidly changing context of global poverty. The JSDF’s strategic focus is consistent with the WBG’s twin goals of ending extreme poverty—reducing the share of the global population living in extreme poverty to three percent by the year 2030—and pro- moting shared prosperity—increasing the income of the bottom 40 percent of the population in WBG member countries in a sustainable manner. Looking beyond FY16, the JSDF will continue to fill the gaps and meet unaddressed development challenges facing the poorest and most vulnerable segments of society. These include national priority gaps or gaps in the WBG programs, national, bilateral or other multilateral financing. By supporting the piloting of new approaches to community engagement, JSDF projects would continue to bring insights that would routinely be scaled up through IDA projects, government policy, other donors, and the work of NGO/CSO partners. This framework will continue to underpin the program’s sustaining vision. Also, the JSDF would continue to fund projects that mobilize and empower the poorest and marginalized people so they can create new community organizations to plan, implement, and maintain priority sub-projects aimed at improving their livelihoods. JSDF projects would continue to target and respond to the needy, providing direct benefits to poor, vulnerable, and disadvantaged groups with rapid results for improved livelihoods. JSDF projects would continue to build capacity by encouraging communities and associations of the poor to participate in decisions that affect their lives and by strengthening the ability of local governments and local NGOs/CSOs to provide much needed services. 94 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 In addition, and in order to address Japan’s long-term commitment to fostering peace and stability in Africa through collaborative partnerships under the Special Allocation for Africa (TICAD V) and Scaling Up Nutrition in Africa, the JSDF would continue to provide technical assistance to reduce infant and maternal mortality while reducing malnutrition. Under Support for the Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Ex-combatants, the JSDF would continue to provide tech- nical assistance to reduce the unemployment rate by providing economic empowerment training program for conflict-affected youth in Africa, although civil strife in these countries has resulted in project preparation delays for projects in the pipeline. Furthermore, the JSDF will continue to mobilize resources to increase its focus on knowledge dissemination and learning. The production of the JSDF Good Practice Notes (GPN), a four-page brief that presents the key design features, and lessons learned from selected JSDF projects will be sharpened to provide the basis for improved cross-country knowledge sharing and project design. Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 95 ANNEX 1 JSDF REGULAR PROGRAM GRANTS APPROVED IN FY16 Grant Region/ Amount Country Grant Name ($US Million) Project Development Objective EAP/Cambodia Voice and Action: 5.24 To support the improvement of service delivery Social Accountability in schools, health centers and communes for rural for Improved Service households in selected districts in Cambodia. Delivery EAP/Cambodia Early Childhood Care 3.00 To improve access to quality Early Childhood Care and Development for and Development services through community Floating Villages and home-based programs for 0–5 year olds, particularly for those from the disadvantaged backgrounds in the targeted areas. EAP/Myanmar Enhancing 11.50 To enable poor rural communities to benefit from Community-Driven improved access to and use of basic infrastructure Development Project and services through a people-centered approach and to enhance the recipient’s capacity to respond promptly and effectively to an eligible crisis or emergency. SAR/Pakistan Indus Eco Region 3.00 To pilot alternative livelihood opportunities Community Livelihood and improve capacity of households of fisher Project communities in the pilot project areas. AFR/Uganda Northern Uganda 3.00 To increase and sustain the incomes of poor Business Support households belonging to existing and new Program community interest groups in the four pilot districts (Kitgum, Gulu, Nebbi, and Sorot) in northern Uganda. EAP/Vietnam Northern Mountain 2.96 To improve the nutrition status of children of Integrated Child age less than five in the target villages through Nutrition Improvement improving the child feeding practices, maternal and child care, and to diversify sources of nutrition of pregnant women, infants and young children. AFR/South Youth Business 3.00 To improve business revenues and promote savings Sudan Support of the youth group trained under Safety Nets and Skills Development Project and existing poor youth entrepreneurs in Juba, Torit and Kapoeta East counties. TOTAL 31.70 96 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 ANNEX 2 JSDF SEED FUND GRANTS APPROVED IN FY16 Total Disbursement Name of the Grant Region/Country Amount (in US$) Objectives Assessing the feasibility LCR/Nicaragua 75,000 65,098 To support participatory bottom- of a Nutrition-sensitive up consultations with marginalized Agricultural Development groups and other stakeholders Project with Female to assess feasibility, scope and Producers modalities for participation in the project. Albinism Advocacy and AFR/Tanzania 74,950 9,475 To support participatory bottom- Social Development up consultations with marginalized groups and other stakeholders to provide the framework to better define objectives of the proposed JSDF project, defining the components, and establish the modalities for participation. Post Earthquake Support SAR/Nepal 75,000 75,000 To support participatory to Youth and Vulnerable bottom-up consultations with Groups marginalized groups and other stakeholders in Nepal to identify their needs and establish modalities for their participation in the proposed project; develop an M&E in consultation with the implementation agency; and develop a full project to pilot trauma-sensitive training for youth and women to reintegrate them in the labor market. Justice Services for AFR/Sierra Leone 74,700 73,721 To support participatory bottom- the Poor up consultations with marginalized groups and other stakeholders to ensure that the JSDF proposal developed is co-designed by such groups to address their most pressing justice; establish mechanisms for poor and marginalized groups to drive implementation; and supported by robust monitoring and evaluation (including baseline data). Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 97 ANNEX 3 JSDF POLICY GUIDELINES AND PROGRAM ALLOCATION FY14–16  1. Objective. To provide grants in support of community-driven development and poverty reduc- tion programs that serve to enhance productivity, increase access to social and community services and infrastructure, and improve the living conditions of poor and vulnerable groups in eligible client countries of the World Bank Group7. Grants approved under the program are subject to the criteria set forth in these Guidelines.  2. Focus. JSDF Project and Capacity Building Grants (see paragraph 4) are designed to comple- ment Bank-financed operations and programs aligned with the development objectives of the relevant CAS, PRSP or poverty reduction elements of Sector Strategies. Project Grants would: (i) respond directly to the needs of the poorest and most vulnerable underserved groups to improve their lives; (ii) encourage the testing of innovative methods that are new or alternative approaches at the project, country, or regional level, or that facilitate new partnerships with NGOs/CSOs or local governments to reach the target groups; (iii) reflect a participatory design and consultation process with the targeted beneficiaries who endorsed the grant inputs; (iv) utilize participatory monitoring and evaluation to help beneficiaries address their vulnerability and to ensure ownership and sustainability; and (v) support initiatives that lead to developing sustainable outcomes through the adoption or scaling-up of the pilot project at completion through Bank-financed operations, recipient government activities, or other entities. Capacity Building Grants would build ownership, capacity, empowerment and partici- pation of local communities, local governments, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other civil society groups, through capacity building, to participate in society and government, to affect their development, to learn by doing and facilitate their involvement in operations financed by the World Bank. DFi should aim at allocating approximately 50% of JSDF funds to eligible countries in East, South and Central Asia regions.  3. Special Allocation for Africa. Grants under these allocations are subject to the same guidelines (below) that apply to other JSDF Grants. ●● TICAD IV remaining balance will be used as follows: 44 Up to $9 million will be used to finance activities under the Djibouti Strategy Note. The remaining $7 million will be used for activities to be identified in due course. ●● TICAD V has an allocation of $30 million divided as follows: 44 $20 million for technical assistance to improve the mortality rate of infant and their mothers; Technical assistance to improve malnutrition (in close cooperation with 7 Includes the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Development Association and the International Finance Corporation, all referred to hereafter as the Bank 98 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 the projects under the SUN Trust Fund) and $10 million for technical assistance to improve the unemployment rate by providing job training for young job seekers such as former soldiers (System improvement, Capacity building, etc.).  4. Grant Types and Country Eligibility. There are two types of JSDF Grants: (i) Project Grants: finance (a) activities that directly deliver results in the short-term support- ing the improvement of services and facilities for poorer population groups, or reinforcing reinvigorating social safety nets, or (b) innovation and testing of new approaches, particu- larly in the social sectors; (ii) Capacity Building Grants: finance activities that empower and strengthen knowledge and skills of local communities, NGOs/CSOs, and local governments working with the targeted beneficiaries so that they may participate in their development through learn- ing by doing. All low-income and lower middle income countries as defined in the World Development Indicators in the applicable year, are eligible for both Project Grants and Capacity Building Grants8. The special allocations for Africa apply to all countries on the African continent that are eligible for JSDF grants.  5. Amount. JSDF Grants under the regular program can range from $200,000 to $3 million. Under exceptional circumstances and after prior clearance by DFi, a grant proposal of up to $4 million may be submitted for consideration. Proposals exceeding $3 million would be subject to higher scrutiny by the JSDF Unit; the latter may request technical reviewers to verify the validity and viability of proposed activities and that their costing follows a disciplined process. The maximum size for a single grant under the Emergency Window is $3 million.  6. Concept Notes (CN). The concerned managing unit in the Bank must sponsor the activity and designate a TTL. TTLs must indicate the arrangements (including financial provision) for JSDF project supervision. Requests must be in line with the CAS objectives, as confirmed by the Country Director and the sector approach, confirmed by the Sector Manager, and is submitted to the Japan Trust Funds Administration Unit after review and endorsement by designated sector specialists. To the extent possible, CN should promote collaboration with local and international NGOs, in particular, Japanese NGOs and civil society organizations. Ministry of Finance (MoF) will have four-weeks to review a brief concept note [MoF may consult Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) and JICA]. The Bank will be encouraged, but not required to pre-discuss concept notes with MoFA and JICA in the field. At the end of the four weeks, MoF will share with the Bank their decisions on go/no go for the CN to prepare.  7. Review of Proposals and Approval by the World Bank (WB). Once DFi submits proposals to MoF, MoF will review the full proposal while focusing its assessment on the detailed cost table. MoF will provide its final decision within three weeks. Where a seed fund grant has been 8 Where a seed fund grant has been approved, country eligibility for a follow-on grant will be based on eligibility when the seed fund grant was approved. Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 99 approved, country eligibility for a follow-on grant will be based on eligibility when the seed fund grant was approved.  8. Program Administration Costs. In order to cover the costs of FY14-16 JSDF Program Adminis- tration and Technical Reviews, DFi may request the replenishment of the Bank Executed Trust Fund established in FY10 to cover costs up to a limit to be agreed in an exchange of corre- spondence with MoF. All expenditures necessary for Program Management and for Technical Reviews are eligible.  9. Eligible Expenditures. These include goods, small civil works, services (including necessary provision for NGO overheads), training, workshops and operating costs (excluding salaries), with all expenditures eligible for 100% financing under JSDF. Requests may also include the cost of the grant audits. If properly justified, incremental costs of up to 9 percent of the total grant amount may be requested to cover incremental supervision costs for operations of unusual complexity, innovation or community participation which require Bank staff or consul- tant resources beyond those that can be financed by the regular administration budget. 10. Ineligible Expenditures. The following cannot be financed under JSDF: (i) pilot activities with no linkages to the Country Assistance Strategy agreed between the Bank and the recipient country, (ii) academic research, (iii) government or other staff salaries, and central government activities, (iv) foreign training or study tours, or (v) purchases of motor vehicles.9 11. Grant Execution Arrangements. Grants must be recipient-executed. Recipients of JSDF Grants may be Governments (central or local), international or local NGOs, or other local community groups which the Bank has determined are financially sound, have a strong track record, and employ satisfactory arrangements for use and accounting of grant funds. In case the recipient or the implementing agency is an NGO or a local community group, it is required that the central or local government gives its agreement to the arrangement. UN agencies may not be recipients of JSDF grants10. In any case, the normal grant implementation period is four years after signature of the grant agreement. However, up to two year-extensions can be requested from DFi with adequate justification. The TTL of the grant will carry out the Bank’s fiduciary responsibilities for grant supervision, in accordance with Bank standards and use of Procurement Guidelines. 12. Retroactive Financing. Grant recipients may request retroactive financing for eligible expendi- tures incurred from the date of approval of the grant-funding proposal by the MoF to the date of activation of the grant, up to 10% of the recipient grant amount for the Regular Window. The standard clause for retroactive financing would be included in the grant agreement when applicable, including recipient liability for expenses incurred in case the grant agreement is not made effective. 9 Bicycles and motorcycles are eligible for JSDF funding. 10 UN agencies may participate in JSDF grant activities as consultants, provided that the selection is in accordance with Bank guidelines. 100 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 13. Progress Reporting. For the purposes of monitoring the development outcomes, the grant agreement, based on the grant application, will be the binding document. The Task Team Leader will be responsible for preparing annual Implementation Status and Results Reports (ISR) for the JSDF project, rating the status of project implementation, and documenting the completion of deliverables and outputs. An Implementation Completion Report (ICR) will be prepared at com- pletion documenting actual cumulative inputs, outputs and outcomes through the grant imple- mentation period. The public disclosure of the ISR and ICR will be shared with the Donor. 14. Reallocation of Funds by Expenditure (Disbursement) Category or Activities. Reallocations among expenditure categories or grant activities, including dropping or adding new eligible categories or grant activities, must be cleared by DFi. The Legal Department should be con- sulted if any amendments are required; to be approved by the Country Director. The proposed changes will be sent to MoF for information. 15. Changes in Grant Objectives. For significant changes in the Grant Development Objectives a request must be sent to DFi for clearance, which will determine if MoF approval is required. MoF will approve/reject the request within one business week of its receipt from DFi. Sub- sequent grant amendment letters are cleared with the Legal Department in accordance with Bank procedures. 16. Grant Cancellation Policy. The balance of grants is subject to cancellation under the following circumstances: (i) the grant agreement has not been signed within 6 months of the formal grant approval date, (ii) there has been no implementation progress, including zero disburse- ments, for six months after signature of the grant agreement, or (iii) there is lack of progress as determined by DFi. DFi may clear exceptions on the basis of a satisfactory explanation. 17. Consultation with Local Japanese Officials. In order to ensure harmonization and coordination, the Bank is: (a) encouraged to consult with the JICA at an early stage of project preparation; (b) required to consult with the Embassy of Japan accredited to the recipient country about the JSDF grant application; and (c) required to discuss the proposal with JICA before submission of the proposal to DFi for review. Such consultation and information sharing by task teams will help expedite the decision-making process. In addition, the Bank is encouraged to share information related to the design, progress and outcomes of JSDF projects with the Embassy of Japan and JICA in the field. They are also encouraged to invite them to join planning and supervision missions, attend key meetings and share the missions’ aide-memoires with them. 18. Japanese Visibility. The Bank is asked to help promote the visibility and local awareness of JSDF in recipient countries through the following types of activities: (a) Publications, training programs, seminars and workshops financed by JSDF grants should clearly indicate that the activities in question have received funding from the MoF; Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 101 (b) The logo (usually the Japanese national flag) should be used in publications financed by the JSDF Program, and in banners and any other materials used in seminars and training programs financed by JSDF grants; (c) All press releases issued by the Bank with respect to JSDF grants should refer to the financial contribution from the MoF; (d) Recipients should be encouraged to ensure that JSDF-financed activities are well covered by local print and electronic media, and that all related publicity materials, official notices, reports and publications explicitly acknowledge Japan as the source of funding received; (e) Grant signing ceremonies in the field should be encouraged, with the Recipients being encouraged to include Japanese embassy officials and to invite local and international press to these ceremonies. In addition, DFi may promote visibility of JSDF by: (i) informing Country Directors of the importance of signing ceremonies to Japanese officials and the public to ensure recognition and support for JSDF funding; and (ii) continuing widespread distribution of the JSDF Annual Report, inclusion of JSDF information in relevant Bank documents, and occasional information sessions for Japanese organizations. A Guidance Note providing samples of other ways to improve visibility is attached as Annex 4. 19. Maintenance of Documentation. Operational departments will keep copies of documentation related to JSDF grants, in accordance with the Bank’s Administrative and document retention policies, among others, Terms of Reference and consultant contracts, reports and other out- puts prepared by consultants, and status reports. 20. Allocation. The total indicative allocation for FY14-16 for the regular window includes the contribution of US$47.6 million for FY14 and the existing unallocated balance of $93 million. Furthermore, the Special Allocation for Africa includes the unallocated balance of $16 million from TICAD IV, along with US$15 million representing the budgeted amount for FY14 and FY15 TICAD V. 21. Schedule. Concept Notes (CNs) are submitted to DFi on a rolling basis following rigorous internal reviews. DFPTF will submit the final CNs to MoF on a rolling basis after their vetting by members of a Technical Review Committee. MoF will confirm its decisions on CNs within four weeks from submission. 102 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 ANNEX 4 JSDF GUIDANCE NOTE ON VISIBILITY OF JAPAN Introduction The Government of Japan has contributed to the Japan Social Development Fund (JSDF) in support of innovative social programs to help alleviate poverty in eligible client countries of the World Bank Group since 2000. The purpose of this note is to provide guidance on measures to ensure that the contribution of Japan in supporting JSDF is widely recognized. Statement on Visibility The Annual Policy Document provides the following clause on Consultation with Local Japanese Officials and Japanese Visibility: Consultation with Local Japanese Officials In order to ensure harmonization and coordination, Bank task teams are required to consult with the Embassy of Japan accredited to the recipient country about the JSDF grant application before submission of the proposal to DFi for review. Such consultation and information sharing by task teams will help expedite the decision-making process. In addition, Bank task teams are encouraged to share the information about progress and outcomes of JSDF projects with the Embassy of Japan and other Japanese aid agencies in the field. Japanese Visibility Bank task teams are asked to help promote the visibility and local awareness of JSDF in recipient countries through the following types of activities: ●● Publications, training programs, seminars and workshops financed by JSDF grants should clearly indicate that the activities in question have received funding from the Government of Japan; ●● The logo (usually the Japanese national flag) should be used in publications financed by the JSDF Program, and in banners and any other materials used in seminars and training programs financed by JSDF grants; ●● All press releases issued by the Bank with respect to JSDF grants should refer to the financial contribution from the Government of Japan; Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 103 ●● Recipients should be encouraged to ensure that JSDF-financed activities are well cov- ered by local print and electronic media, and that all related publicity materials, official notices, reports and publications explicitly acknowledge Japan as the source of funding received; ●● Grant signing ceremonies in the field should be encouraged, with the Recipients being encouraged to include Japanese embassy officials and to invite local and international press to these ceremonies. In addition, DFi may promote visibility of JSDF by: (i) informing Country Directors of the impor- tance of signing ceremonies to Japanese officials and the public to ensure recognition and support for JSDF funding; and (ii) continuing widespread distribution of the JSDF Annual Report, inclusion of JSDF information in relevant Bank documents, and occasional information sessions for Japanese organizations. A Guidance Note providing samples of other ways to improve visibility is attached. The JSDF Program’s Logo The logo (usually the Japanese national flag) will be used on the JSDF website. All grant approval notifications to the Regions will include this guidance note and a “Word” and a “PDF” version of the logo for use by the Bank and the grant recipients. The Bank will make every effort to ensure that: (i) publications, training programs, seminars, workshops, financed by the JSDF grants clearly indicate that the activities in question have received funding from the Government of Japan; (ii) all press releases issued by the Bank with respect to the JSDF grants refer to the financial contribution of Government of Japan; and (iii) the logo is used in publications financed by the JSDF Program, banners and any other materials used in seminars and training programs financed by the JSDF grants. Local Publicity Opportunities In addition to use of the logo, Bank staffs are urged to take all appropriate measures to encourage Recipients to ensure that JSDF-financed activities are well covered by local print and electronic media, and that all related publicity materials, official notices, reports and publications explicitly acknowledge Japan as the source of funding received. Below is a suggested standard text for use by those who prepare publicity materials: “The grant which financed this (name of activity) was received under the Japan Social Development Fund which is financed by the Government of Japan.” Many Bank Country Offices periodically publish newsletters. New grant approvals and signing should be publicized in these newsletters. Most country offices have Communications staff. Task Teams are encouraged to consult with them on ways to increase the visibility of Japan regarding JSDF grants. Opportunities to publish articles on high visibility projects financed by JSDF grants should be explored and utilized. 104 Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 During supervision missions of JSDF projects, task teams are advised to interact from time to time with the Embassy of Japan to inform them of progress under their project. They are encouraged to invite them to participate in supervision missions and to visit project sites to meet beneficiaries. Task teams are advised to brief the Country Managers/Country Directors about the implementation status of JSDF grants. Such information will help the Country Offices highlight Japan’s contribution, where relevant, in their meetings and presentations in seminars and workshops. Ceremonial Events Country Directors will, at the same time as the task teams, receive notification of grant approvals and will be informed of the importance of signing ceremonies to Japanese officials and the public. At grant signing ceremonies and other publicity events, the Bank’s country-based staff are expected to foster the attendance and participation of country-based officials of the Embassy of Japan in a manner that provides due recognition of their donor status. Grant recipients should take the lead in organizing such ceremonies, and whenever possible, Recipients should issue the formal invitation to attend. Such ceremonial events should also be alerted to the media and publicity outlets referred to above. Visibility from Headquarters Country-based Bank staffs are requested to forward copies of all visibility material, such as press releases, newspaper and magazine articles, and photographs (including descriptive captions) to the following address: JSDF Unit Mail Stop G6-602 Global Partnership and Trust Fund Operations Concessional Finance and Global Partnerships The World Bank Washington, DC 20433 USA Japan Social Development Fund Annual Report — Fiscal Year 2016 105 Japan Social Development Fund JSDF Program Manager Tel: 202-473-4149 Email: HNkole@worldbank.org The World Bank Group 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 Government of Japan