E2813 V20 REV 林源纸业公司 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 NO.2537-B State EIA Certificate Henan Lansen Environmental Protection Science and Technology CO., LTD. Hunan Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd. Technical Renovation Project of 51,000t Pulp ECF Bleaching System E n v i ro n m e n t a l I m p a c t A s s e s s m e n t (EIA) Report (Submitted for approval) Prepared by Henan Lansen Environmental Protection Science and Technology CO., LTD. Submitted by Hunan Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd. Compiled in December 2013 1 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 1 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 CONTENT 1 OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................. 4 1.1 BACKGROUNG .......................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 1.2 COMPILATION BASIS................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 1.3 ASSESSMENT STANDARDS ........................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 1.4 ASSESSMENT LEVEL AND SCOPE .............................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 1.5 TARGETS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ............ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 1.6 FOCUS OF THE ASSESSMENT ................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 2 OVERVIEW OF THE REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 2.1 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ......................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 2.2 SOCIETY AND ECONOMY .......................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3 ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING PROJECTERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3.1 OVERVIEW OF THE EXISTING PROJECT ..................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3.2 PRODUCTION PROCESS OF THE EXISTING PROJECT ... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3.3 MAIN POLLUTANTS OF THE EXISTING PROJECT ........ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3.4 OVERVIEW OF THE POLLUTANT DISCHARGE OF THE EXISTING PROJECT................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 4 ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNICAL RENOVATION PROJECT ........... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 4.1 OVERVIEW OF THE TECHNICAL RENOVATION PROJECTERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 4.2 BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO PROCESS FLOW ................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 4.3 RAW AND AUXILIARY MATERIALS OF THE TECHNICAL RENOVATION PROJECT ...... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 4.4 MAIN CONSTRUCTIONS AND BUILDINGS .................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 4.5 PLAN LAYOUT........................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 4.6 PULBIC WORKS AND AUXILIARY FACILITIES ............ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 4.7 ANALYSIS OF POLLUTION SOURCES ........................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 4.8 OVERVIEW OF MAIN PLLUTANT DISCHARGE BEFORE AND AFTER TECHNICAL RENOVATION .................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 5 INVESTIGATION AND ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT ENVIRONMENT 1 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 QUALITY ............................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 5.1 INVESTIGATION OF POLLUTION SOURCES IN THE ASSESSED REGRION ................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 5.2 MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT ON CURRENT SURFACE WATER ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ........................................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 5.3 MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT ONCURRENT GROUND WATER ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ........................................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 5.4 MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT ON CURRENT ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ....................................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 5.5 MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT ON CURRENT ACOUSTICAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ....................................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PREDICTION AND ASSESSMENT ... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PREDICTION AND ASSESSMENT IN CONSTRUCTION PERIOD ....................................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 6.2 SURFACE WATER ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PREDICTIONERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 6.3 ANALYSIS OF AMBIENT AIR IMPACT ......................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 6.4 ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 6.5 ANALYSIS OF ACAUSTIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT .. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 7 POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL MEASURES .............. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 7.1 POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL MEASURE IN CONSTRUCTION PERIOD.... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 7.2 POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL MEASURE IN OPERATION PERIOD .......... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 7.3 ANALYSIS OF THE ADAPTABILITY WITH EHS GUIDELINEERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 8 ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISKSERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 8.1 RISK IDENTIFICATION ............................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 8.2 LEVEL AND SCOPE OF RISK ASSESSMENT ................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 8.3 TARGET OF ENVIRONMENTAL RIST PROTECTION ...... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 2 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 8.4 SOURCES ANALYSIS.................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 8.5 ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ANALYSIS ............................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 8.6 RISK PREVENTION MEASURES ................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 8.7 ENVIRONMENTAL RISK EMERGENCY PLAN .............. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 9 CLEANER PRODUCTION, ATTAIN-STANDARD EMISSION AND TOTAL LOAD CONTROL ................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 9.1 CLEANER PRODUCTION ............................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 9.2 UP-TO-STANDARD EMISSION .................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 9.3 TOTAL LOAD CONTROL ............................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 9.4 POLLUTANT DISCHARGE AND EHS GUIDELINE ........ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 10 ANALYSIS ON ECONOMIC PROFITS AND LOSSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT .......................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 10.1 ESTIMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTMENT ..... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 10.2 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT ANALYSIS ..................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 11 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 11.1 METHOD AND DETAILS OF SURVEY ......................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 11.2 RESULTS AND STATISTICS OF THE SURVEY .............. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 11.3 RESULTS ANALYSIS ................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 11.4 CONCLUSION .......................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 12 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN .. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 12.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ........................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 12.2 MONITORING PLAN ................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 12.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT STAFF TRAINING . ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 12.4 COST ESTIMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 12.5 INFORMATION EXCHANGE AND RECORD ................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 12.6 “THREE-SIMULTANEITIES” ACCEPTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT FACILITIES ............................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 13 OVERALL ARGUMENTATION ON FEASIBILITY OF THE PROJECT CONSTRUCTION ................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 13.1 ANALYSIS OF COMPLIANCE TO INDUSTRIAL POLICIESERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 13.2 ANALYSIS OF COMPLIANCE TO RELEVANT PLANS... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 13.3 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF THE CONSTRUCTION SITEERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 13.4 RATIONALITY ANALYSIS OF THE PLANE LAYOUT .. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 14 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 14.1 OVEVIEW OF THE PROJECT ..................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 14.2 STATUS OF ENVIRONMENT ...................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 14.3 POLLUTION SOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES ................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 14.4 ENVIRONMENTAL FEASIBILITY OF THE CONSTRUCTIONERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 14.5 OVERALL ASSESSMENT CONCLUSION ................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 14.6 RECOMMENTATIONS ............................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. Appendix Appendix 1 Power of Sttorney for EIA Appendix 2 Project Approval Document Appendix 3 Letter about EIA Standard for the Technical Renovation Project of Linyuan Papaer's 51000t/a Pulp ECF Bleaching System Appendix 4 Competent Environmental Protection Administrative's Opinions on the Acceptance of the Existing Project (Hunan EPD Doc. No.[2009]29) Appendix 5 Public Participation Questionaire Attached Figures Figure 1.5-1 Environmental Protection Targets of the Proposed Technical Renovation Project Figure 2.1-1 Geographic Location of the Proposed Project Figure 2.1-2 Geographic Relation between Functional Demarcation of South Dongting Lake Wetland/Aquatic Bird Nature Reserve and the Site of the Project Figure 2.1-3 Geographic Relation between the Functional Demarcation of East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve and the Site of the Project Figure 3.1-1 General Plane Layout of Existing Project Figure 4.5-1 General Plane Layout of the Project after Technical Renovation Figure 5.2-1 Durface Water and Air Status Monitoring Spots 4 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 Figure 5.3-1 Monitoring Spot of Groundwater and Noise Status Monitoring Spots 5 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 1 Overview 1.1 Background Hunan Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd., the former Luhu Paper Mill was partly put into production on January 1, 1993. In 2003, it was renamed Hunan Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd. Occupying a land area of 219.31 mu added with an outside raw material field of 135 mu, the company has more than 420 employees. The registered capital of the company is 5 million yuan. The company has a chemical-bleaching reed pulp production line with annual capacity of 51,000t, 2 sets of 1760mm paper machine and 1 set of 2640 stationery paper machine. The designed annual production capacity of stationery paper is 51,000t. The main products include writing paper and wood-free paper with a ready market around the country. The company has complete thermal, power and water supply system, sewage treatment system and machinery equipment maintenance, storage, dock and service facilities. In order to improve environmental benefit, reduce wastewater pollution,abate AOX and dioxin pollution in the bleaching system and meet the requirement of the standard listed in Table 2 of “Emission Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry (GB3544-2008)”, Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd. plans to add one-stage oxygen delignification process in the bleaching system and change current hypochlorite bleaching as ECF bleaching. According to the requirements of “Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China”, “Law of the People’s Republic of China on EMA”, “Management Rules For Environmental Protection of Construction Projects” and World Bank’s operational policy OP4.01, Hunan Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd. entrusts Henan Lansen Environmental Protection Science and Technology Co., Ltd to undertake the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the Technical renovation project of Linyuan’s 51,000t pulp ECF bleaching system and compile the EIA report. After accepting the power of attorney, Lansen conducted field investigation, collected relative data and complete this report. 1.2 Compilation Basis 1.2.1 Laws and Regulations of the State (1) “Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China” (December 26, 1989); (2) “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of 1 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 Atmospheric Pollution” (April 29, 2000); (3) “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution” (amended on June 1, 2008); (4) “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Pollution from Environmental” (October 29, 1996); (5) “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution Caused by Solid Waste” (amended on December 29, 2004); (6) “Law of the People’s Republic of China on Appraisal of Environmental Impact” (October 28, 2002); (7) “Law of the People’s Republic of China on Promotion of Cleaner Production” (July 1, 2012); (8) “Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Nature Reserves” (October 9, 1994); (9) “Management Rules for Environmental Protection of Construction Projects”, State Council Order No. 253 (November 29, 1998); (10) “Directory of Environmental Protection Management of Construction Projects” (October 1, 2008); (11) “Notice Concerning the Opinions on Speeding up the Construction of Raw Material Forest Base for Paper Industry”, State Planning Committee, Financial Ministry and State Forestry Bureau, Doc. No. [2001] 141; (12) “Guidance Catalogue for Adjustment of Industry Structure (2011)” (June 1, 2011); (13) “Comments of the State Council on the Problems Related to Acid Rain Control Areas and SO2 Pollution Control Areas” (State Council Letter No. [1998] 5) (14) “Eleventh Five-Year Plan for Water-Saving Society Construction”, Ministry of Water Resources (15) “Program for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution in the Middle and Down Reaches of the Yangtze River (2011-2015)”, (MEP Doc. No. [2011] 100); (16) “Decision on Issuing and Implementing the ‘Provisional Rules for Promoting the Adjustment of Industrial Structure’” (State Council Doc. No. [2005] 40); (17) “Policies on Development of Papermaking Industry”, (NDRC Announcement No. [2007] 71); (18) “Provisional Measures for Public Participation of Environmental Impact Assessment”, SEPA Doc. No. [2006] 28); 2 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 (19) “Measures for Disclosure of Environmental Information (for trial implementation), NEPA Decree No. 35; (20) “Notice Concerning Strengthening EIA Management and Preventing Environmental Risks” (July 3, 2012); (21) “Regulations on Control over Safety of Hazardous Chemicals”, State Council Decree No. 344 (December 1, 2011); (22) Implementing Rules for Regulations on Control over Safety of Hazardous Chemicals” (Ministry of Chemical Industry, Ministry of Labour, Doc. No. [1992] 6777). 1.2.2 Relevant Policies, Laws and Regulations (1) “Water Environmental Functional Demarcation for Main Surface Water System of Hunan Province”, DB43/023-2005, (Hunan EPD). (2) “Notice of the People’s Government of Hunan Province Concerning Strengthening Wetland Protection and Management in Dongting Lake Basin”, (Hunan Government Doc. No. [2006] 168); (3) “Program for Prevention and Control of Pollution of Paper Industry in Dongting Lake Basin”, (Hunan Provincial Government, December 7, 2006); (4) “Letter of the People’s Government of Human Province Concerning Relaying the ‘Programs for Adjustment of Paper Industrial Structure in Dongting Lake Basin’ Compiled by Provincial Economic and Trade Commission and Other Departments” , (Hunan Government Doc. No. [2007] 186, October 1, 2007); (5) “Notice of Hunan Provincial Economic and Trade Commission on Issuing the ‘Special Program for Restructuring Paper Industry of Hunan Province in 11 th Five-Year Plan Period”, (Hunan Economy and Trade Commission Doc. No. [2007] 186,March 5, 2009); (6) “Notice about Issuing ‘Provisional Rules for Environmental Examination and Approval of Technical Renovation Projects of Paper Industry in Dongting Lake Basin”, (Hunan EPD Doc. No. [2007] 7, February 1. 2007); 1.2.3 Relevant Technical Guidelines (1) “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---General Rules” (HJ/T2.1-2011); (2) “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Atmospheric Environment” (HJ2.2-2008); 3 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 (3) “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Surface Water Environment” (HJ/T2.3-93); (4) “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Ground Water Environment” (HJ/ 610-2011); (5) “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Acoustical Environment” (HJ/2.4-2009); (6) “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment for Construction Projects” (HJ/T169-2004); (7) “Water Environmental Functional Demarcation for Main Surface Water Systems of Hunan Province”, (DB43/023-2005); (8) “Provisional Measures for Public Participation of Environmental Impact Assessment”, SEPA Doc. No. [2006] 28) (9) “Cleaner Production Evaluation Index System for Pulp and Paper Industry”, NDRC Doc. No. [2006] 87; (10) “Cleaner Production Standard – Production of Bleached Soda Straw Pulp, Paper Industry”, HJ/T339-2007; (11) “Water Consumption Quota--- Papermaking Products” (GB/T18916.5-2002) (12) “Technical Specifications for Pulp and Paper Industry Wastewater Treatment”, HJ 2011-2012. 1.2.4 Relevant Project Documents (1) “Feasibility Study Report on the Upgrade Project of Linyuan 51,000t Pulp ECF Bleaching System”, China CEC Engineering Corporation; (2) “Power of Attorney for EIA on Technical Renovation Project of Linyuan Paper’s 51,000t Pulp ECF Bleaching System”; (3) “Written Reply of Yiyang City EPB to the Assessment Standards for the Project”; (4) “Environmental Acceptance and Monitoring Report on the Reconstruction/Extension and Environmental Remediation of Hunan Linyuan 51,000t Stationery Paper Project,2008; 5)Other relevant data and materials provided by the construction organizations. 1.2.5 World Bank’s Safeguard Policies The World Bank’s operational policy OP4.01 on EIA is applicable to this project. This 4 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 EIA report also makes full use of the World Bank’s guidelines on environmental health and safety, including general guideline, sub-guideline for paper industry and other applicable guidelines. 1.3 Assessment Standards 1.3.1 Zoning of Environmental Functions The project site is located in rural area which is demarcated as grade 2 function zone both in “Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996)” and “Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008)”. Based on “Water Environmental Function Zoning for Main Surface Water System of Hunan Province” (DB43/023-2005), Caowei River and Dongting River in the scope of assessment are demarcated as grade 3 water bodies in “Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002)”. 1.3.2 Standards for EIA According to the reply of Yiyang City EPB, following standards will be implemented in this environmental assessment: (I) Environmental Quality Standards (1) Ambient Air The EIA follows the “Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-96)” and the amendment notice for Class 2 (the amended value in SEPA Doc. [2000] 1 for NO2); “Sanitary Standard for the Design of Industrial Enterprises (TJ36-79)” for the maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in the air of resident district. (2) Water Environment ① Surface water Caowei River: following the “Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002)” – grade 3 for the fishery area, the 55.0km Caowei River section from Caowei Town (west) to Donghunao (east); Dongting Lake: following the “Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002)” – grade 3 for the fishery area of 66.7 square kilometers under the jurisdiction of Yuanjiang City. 5 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 ② Ground water The EIA follows the “Ground Water Quality Standard (GB/T14848-1993)” – grade 3. (3) Acoustic Environment The EIA follows the “Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008)” – grade 2. (II) Pollution Emission Standards (1) Waste gas: following the “Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Coal/Oil-burning and Gas-fired Boilers (GB13271-2001)” – grade 2 area and Period-I the for boiler waste gas; “Emission Standard for Odor Pollutants (GB14554-93)” – Class 2 for H2S, ammonia and odor concentration; and “Integrated Emission Standard for Air Pollutants (GB16297-96)” – class 2 standard for other waste gas. (2) Wastewater: following the “Emission Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry (GB3544-2008)” – Table 2 discharge limits. (3) Noise: following the “Emission Standard of Environment Noise for Boundary of Construction Site (GB12523-2011)” in the period of construction and “Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary (GB12348-2008)” - grade 2 in operation. (4) Solid wastes: following the “Standard for Pollution Control on the Storage and Disposal Sites for General Industrial Solid Wastes (GB18599-2001)” for common industrial solid wastes; “Standard for Pollution Control on Hazardous Waste Storage (GB18597)” for hazardous waste storage; and “Standard for Pollution Control on the Landfill Sites of Domestic Waste (GB16889-2008)” for domestic waste. 1.4 Assessment Levels and Scope 1.4.1 Level and Scope of Ambient Air Assessment This project will add one-stage oxygen delignification treatment in the bleaching system and change current hypochlorite bleaching into ECF bleaching. With technical renovation, the emission of SO2, NOx and dust in the boiler waste gas will have no change because the coal consumption of the whole plant will increase. So there will be only a little improvement in reducing waste gas emission. The waste gas emission from the chlorine dioxide workshop will be 500m3/h. The main pollutants will be ClO2 and methanol. According to “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Atmospheric Environment” (HJ2.2-2008), the maximum ground concentration standard rate – Pi is much 6 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 less than 10%. The ambient air impact of the project will be assessed at 3rd level with qualitative analysis method. Scope of assessment: within 2.5km around current boiler chimney. 1.4.2 Level and Scope of Ambient Water EIA According to analysis, with the completion of the technical renovation project, the total 3 volume of waste water discharge of the whole plant will be about 7834 m /d. The main pollutants in the discharged waste water include pH, CODcr, BOD5 and SS etc. The quality complexity of the wastewater discharged in the Caowei River is Simple. Caowei River is a large river, with its water function zoning being defined as grade 3 in GB3838-2002. The basic parameters for defining ambient water EIA levels are listed in Table 1.4-1. According to the provisions of Guideline HJ/T2.3-93, the ambient water EIA is classified as class 3. Table 1.4-1 Basic Parameters for Defining Ambient Water EIA Levels Items Specifications Result Quantity of wastewater discharge 7834m3/d <10000 Q Complexity of Pollutants: pH, CODcr, BOD5, SS Simple wastewater quality Scale of Years average flow of the project-sited river pollutant-receiving Large river reach: 2440m3/s water body Requirement to Based on GB3838—2002 Class Ⅲ surface water quality Assessment level Compared with HJ/T2.3-93demarcation basis Level III Scope of assessment: within the Caowei River segment from 500m upper reach of Linyuan’s wastewater outlet to 3.5km down reach and within 3km2 around the inlet to Dongting Lake. 1.4.3 Level and Scope of Acoustical EIA The acoustical EIA will be made according to the grade 2 standard of GB3096-2008. The noise sources of this project are reed cutter, grinding machine, washing machine, water pump, pulp pump and fan etc. with sound pressure level at 80~95dB (A). All the main noise sources come from workshops. After technical renovation by adopting noise and shock absorption measures, noise value increase and noise-impacted population will be less. The basic parameters for defining acoustic EIA level are listed in Table 1.4-2. According to the 7 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 provisions of “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Acoustical Environment” (HJ/2.4-2009), the noise EIA is defined at class 3. Table 1.4-2 Levels of Acoustic EIA Items Specification Standard applicable to ambient noise Grade 2 standard defined in GB3096-2008 Volume of ambient noise increase of the Within 1dB(A) proposed project Number of noise-impacted people Less Assessment level Class 3 Scope of assessment: within 200m around the boundary of the project site. 1.4.4 Level and Scope of Ground Water EIA The project does not extract groundwater, this is a grade 1 construction project defined in “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Ground Water Environment”. The anti-pollution performance of the aeration zone of the project site is moderate. The pollution vulnerability of the water bearing layer is very low. The sensibility of the groundwater is insensitive. The quality complexity of the discharged is moderate. The volume of wastewater discharge is moderate. According to the Guidelines, the groundwater EIA of this project is defined as class 3. Scope of assessment: within 500m around the boundary of the project site. 1.5 Targets of Environmental Protection According to the level of EIA and in the light of the field investigation, the targets of environmental protection of this project are defined as showed in table 1.5-1. The sensitive points are shown in Figure 1.5-1. Table 1.5-1 Targets of Environmental Projection Positions and distance Environmental Environmenta Items Functions and scale from the proposed functions and l elements project protection level Group 3 of Resident area: 30 N,250m Caixiazhou households, 95 persons Luhu Middle School: 650 persons N,200m School Group 3 of Class 2 defined in Air Resident area: 50 Qujiatan N,1km GB3095-1996 environment households, 152 persons District Dongjiang School: 320persons N,1.3km School Xiasaihu Resident area: 60 N,2.3km District households, 210 persons 8 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 Group 6 of Resident area: 62 NW,1.1km Hexingzhou households,190 persons Guadong Resident area: 80 NW,850m Village households,235 persons Group 1 of Resident area: 30 W,500m Caixiazhou households,92 persons Group 2 of Resident area: 55 W,1.2km Hexingzhou households,155 persons Huafeng Resident area: 95 Yuancun W,2.3km households,380 persons Village Residents on Resident area: 9 the east side of households , 27 persons W,50m the plant site (planned to move away) Residents on Resident area: 3 the south side households , 10 persons S, 50m of the plant site (planned to move away) Residents of Luhu Reed Resident area: 40 field on the east E,300m households,140 persons side of the plant site Group 2 of Resident area: 40 NE,800m Dongnaohu households,150 persons Group 4 of Resident area: 48 NE,1.7km Dongnaohu households,162 persons West to Caowei Town, east Grade 3 defined in Caowei River to Donghunao, 55.0km, S,600m GB3838-2002 fishery water segment South Dongting SE, about 500m away Provincial level nature Lake Wetland from the boundary reserve, covering 168,000 and Waterfowl Huzhou buffer zone of hectares Grade 3 defined in Nature Reserve the reserve Water GB3838-2002 environment East Dongting NE, 6km away from the National nature reserve: Lake National boundary of the buffer 190,300 hectares Nature Reserve zone Original water is taken from underground to Grade 3 defined in Waterworks of supply 1,200 households E,400m GB/T14848-1993 Luhu Township already with daily capacity of 300t. Residents in the east side of the 10 persons S,50 m Acoustic plant site Grade 2 defined in environment Residents in the GB3096-93 west side of the 27 persons W,50m plant site 1.6 Focus of Assessment Based on the pollution discharge feature and environmental function of this project, the focus of this EIA include engineering analysis, pollution prevention and control measures 9 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 analysis and environmental impact forecast. 10 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 Figure 1.5-1 Environmental Protection Targets of the Technical Renovation Project 11 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 2 Overview of the Regional Environment 2.1 Natural Environment 2.1.1 Geographic Location On the bank of the Dongting Lake, the city of Yuanjiang is located in the central part of Dongting Lake basin, north of Hunan Province, 112°14′37″E~112°56′20″E,28°112′26″N~ 29°11′17″N, neighboring Yueyang County on the northeast, Miluo City and Xiangyin County on the southeast, Heshan District of Yiyang City on the south, Ziyang District on the southwest, Hanshou to the west, Nanxian County and Datong District on the north. Hunan Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd., the former Luhu Paper Mill is located on the joint of the North Dongting Lake and East Dongting Lake, 112°50′10.36″E,28°59′13.5″ N, 96km away from the urban area of Yuanjiang City and 45km away from the urban area of Yueyang City, neighboring Yuanjiang Xinyuan Textile Co., Ltd. (production stopped) to the north. To the east of the company is the main channel of the Caowei River. To the south is the ferry terminal of the reed field, just 50m away from the plant site. Wide and deep, Caowei River is navigable all the year round. The Caowei River waterway is connected to the Sishui River inside the province and the Yangtze River waterway outside the province, so the company can enjoy convenient water transportation. The project will be constructed beside the existing production line. The geographic location is shown in figure 2.1-1 2.1.2 Geology and Topography Yuanjiang City is located in a negative element of the Dongting Lake Sag, also called “Yuandong Sag”. With a general strike of northeast 45o±, the sag has two groups of control and cutting from northeast to northwest, taking a moderate bend of “S” shape. The terrain is high in southwest and low in northeast. Based on genesis, the landform of Yuanjiang City can be divided into accumulation landform and sedimentary accumulated landform. Based on morphology, it can be divided into 6 kinds of landforms including 2 classes (plain and hillock) and 4 subspecies. Based on lithology, it is mainly composed of quaternary unconsolidated accumulation. The company-located area belongs to lake and river alluvial plain. The plant site is flat and even. The sea level elevation is between 30m and 32m with little difference. This area belongs to quaternary alluvial deposit and deluvial deposit, most of which is 12 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 moderate-compressible plastic mild clay mixed with thick rigid clay and hard plastic clay, composing a good bearing soil layer with low level of water stagnancy and high waterproof capacity. Based on “China Seismic Parameters Diagram” (GB18306-2001) issued by the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, the seismic peak ground acceleration is 0.05g in Luhu area of Yuanjiang City, the characteristic period of the seismic response spectrum is 0.35s, and the basic seismic intensity in comparison is 6 degree. 13 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 Project Location Figure 2.1-1 Geographic Location of the Proposed Project 14 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 2.1.3 Hydrology There are many lakes and rivers in the territory of Yuanjiang City that are closely connected with the Dongting Lake basin. The east-west flowing rivers and water bodies include the Caowei River, Nanzui River, Haozhu River, Baisha River and floodway of South Dongting Lake. The south-north flowing rivers and water bodies include Wakouzi River and Zijiangfen River. They are connected with Xiangjiang River, Zijiang River, Yuanjiang River and Lishui River at upper reaches and flow into the North Dongting Lake at down reaches. As the second largest fresh water lake of China, covering a vast area of 2740km2 accepting the Yangtze and other four rivers, the Dongting River is a typical large water-carrying lake. The Caowei River is the source of water supply and water body receiving pollutants of the project. The annual mean water level is 30.25m. The annual average flow rate is 2440m3/s. The peak velocity is 2.61m/s. The average velocity is 1.1m/s. In dry season, the flow rate is 1001 m3/s and the average velocity is 0.58 m/s. 2.1.4 Climate and Meteorology The Project site belongs to the humid continental monsoon climate proceeding from mid-subtropical zone to north-subtropical zone. Under the influence of lake effect, this area has abundant light, heat and rainfall. Year round dominant wind direction: north, frequency: 22%; Summer dominant wind direction: north, frequency: 12%; Annual maximum wind speed: 24m/s, average wind speed3.0m/s; Extreme maximum temperature: 39.4 ℃ , extreme minimum temperature: -11.2 ℃ , annual average temperature: 16.6℃; Average annual rainfall: 1,319mm; Average annual evaporation: 1,323mm; Average annual relative humidity: 81%; Annual maximum snow depth: 30mm Maximum atmospheric pressure in winter: 101.88kPa; Maximum atmospheric pressure in summer: 99.75kPa. 2.1.5 Animal and Plant Resources With abundant land resources, favorable climate condition, fertile soil, adequate sun 15 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 light, this area provides suitable ecological environment for biological reproduction. Main terrestrial species include fir, camphor, metasequoia, pinus massoniana and citrus etc. Shrubs include ardisiae japonicae, symplocos and china sumac etc. The main natural vegetation is reed and the secondary vegetation includes mansions, grass and shrubs etc. The artificial vegetation includes metasequoia, citrus, kenaf, rice, oil, hemp, cotton, vegetables and other crops. There are 400-plus kinds of common aquatic and wetland higher plants. The flora is mainly composed of poaceae, cyperaceae, asteraceae and potamogetonaceae, forming different community types such as wetland, emergent, floating and submerged types. Among them, the reed is the best developed one. Land animals mainly include weasels, rabbits, rats, snakes, lizards, centipede and earthworms. There are 117 kinds of fish in the Dongting Lake, among which Chinese sturgeon and mullet belongs to special rare species. The vast beach of the lake is important winter habitat of birds. There are 217 recorded bird species belonging to 16 orders and 43 families. Among them, white stork, black stork, white crane, white-headed crane, bustard, ern and Chinese merganser belong to the first class national protected birds. Rare and endangered aquatic animals in the Dongting Lake mainly include Chinese sturgeon, white sturgeon and Yangtze River dolphin. According to historical data, there are no above mentioned rare and endangered aquatic animals in the scope of the assessment of this project. 2.1.6 General Situation of the South Dongting Lake Wetland and Aquatic Bird Nature Reserve The South Dongting Lake Wetland and Aquatic Bird Nature Reserve is located at 112°18′15″-112°56′15″E,28°13′30″ and 29°3′45″N under the jurisdiction of Yiyang City. There are 15 townships, towns and fields in the reserve covering an area of 168,000 hectares with a population of 300,000 people. There are diversified species of rare and endangered aquatic bird and wild plants in the South Dongting Lake. The biodiversity is extremely rich. The reserve is an overwintering place for about 10 million aquatic birds each year and an important habitat of white stork, white crane and other aquatic birds. 863 species of plants, 164 species of birds and 114 species of fish are living in the 118 untraversed islets if the 16 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 South Dongting Lake, There are 10 species of first class national protected animals including Chinese sturgeon, white sturgeon, white-headed crane and Chinese merganser. According to the functional demarcation of the South Dongting Lake Nature Reserve, the project site is about 500m away from the border of the islet buffer zone of the South Dongting Lake Wetland and Aquatic Bird Nature Reserve. This is to say that the project site is not in the reserves. See Figure 2.1-2 for the functional demarcation of the reserve and the position of the project site. 2.1.7 Overview of East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve Located in the territory of Yueyang City, Hunan Province, East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve covers an area of 190,300 hectares. It was established as a provincial nature reserve in 1984, listed in the “ Ramsar List of the Wetlands of International Importance ” in 1992 and upgraded to national level. The main objects of protection are the wetland and rare birds. East Dongting Lake is the largest lake in the Dongting Lake system with annual average water flow 312.6 billion m3, perennial capacity 17.8 billion m3, water depth 4-22m, maximum elevation drop 17.76m and pH 6.8-8.6. The landform shows a wetland sight with a crisscross of channels and ports. The soil belongs to lacustrine soil and river marsh soil. Annual average temperature is 17℃ , annual average lake water temperature 17.5 ℃ , annual total rainfall 1,200-1,330mm, and frost-free period 258-275 days. The lake is rich in submerged plants, floating plants and emerged plants. Common submerged plants include carex and black algae. Floating plants include lotus, gorgon euryale and duckweed. Emerged plants include cattail and reed etc. Rice and other crops are planted around the wetland. The rick natural resources draw wide attention around the world. The lake is known as the “pearl in the middle reach of the Yangtze River”. As one part of the Dongting Lake, the nature reserve forms a complex natural landform including water, marsh, shoal and low bank under the influence of the water cycle fluctuation of the water system of Xiangjiang, Zijiang, Yuanjiang and Lishui River. Because the reserve is located in a fringe area for migratory birds to winter in winter and breed in summer and the nutrient deposit brought by flood provides condition for the breeding of aquatic birds, birds resources are very abundant here. For migratory birds alone, there are 158 species including 10 species of first class national protected animals including white crane and 27 species of second class 17 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 protected animals including swan. It is a migratory birds reserve impor tant in China even in the world. According to scientific investigation, 12 orders, 23 families and 114 species of fish are recorded in East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve, including Chinese sturgeon and white sturgeon under first class national protection and eel and mullet under second class national protection. There are 13 orders, 50 families and 306 species of birds, including 7 species under national mutual protection including white crane, white-headed crane, white stork, black stork, bustard, Chinese merganser and ern, 37 species under second class protection such as little swan, mandarin duck, white-naped crane, gray crane and lesser white-fronted goose etc. and 59 species under protection specified by international agreement. There are 68 species of amphibians, gastropods, mollusc and lamellibranchia, including Yangtze River dolphin under first class national protection and finless porpoise under third class protection. There are 115 orders, 159 families and 1,186 species of plants including 3 species under 1st class national protection and 31 species under 2nd class protection. As an important wintering, breeding and resting place in China, East Dongting Lake national nature reserve is a heaven and paradise of birds. Millions of birds including geese and ducks inhabit here. The project site is no located in the East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve, the border of which buffer zone is 6km away. The wastewater discharged from the plant will come into the Caowei River at first, then, penetrate the buffer zone of the South Dongting Lake wetland and bird nature reserve and finally enter into East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve. See Figure 2.1-3 for the functional demarcation of East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve. 18 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 Linyuan Mill Figure 2.1-2 Geographic Relation between Function Zoning of South Dongting Lake Wetland/Aquatic Bird Nature Reserve and the Site of the Project 19 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 Linyuan Mill Figure 2.1-3 Geographic Relation between the Function Zoning of East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve and the Site of the Project 20 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 2.1.8 Communications and Transportation With crisscrossed lakes branched and well developed waterway transportation, the cost of transportation are economic and low in Dongting Lake area, so the raw and auxiliary materials of the project such as reed, coal and chemicals in large volume will be transported into the plant through waterway. Other raw material will be transported through highways within the province. Waterway: The waterway traffic is well developed. Through lake branches, the waterway connected with Hunan’s Xiang, Zi, Yuan and Lishui river systems and the Yangtze River can reach Shanghai to the east and Chongqing to the west. Highway: Through Yi-Yuan 1st-grade highway, Chang-Chang express and NO. 319 national road, the traffic can reach Changsha to the south, Changde and Hubei to the north. The convenient water and land transportation will provide favorable condition for the development of the company. 2.2 Society and Economy Located in the inland of the Dongting Lake basin in the north part of Hunan Province, Yuanjiang City has 11 towns, 10 townships, 5 subdistrict offices, 1 farm, 4 reed fields, 424 villagers committees, 4,644 villagers group, 62 residents committees and 243 residents groups. Yuanjiang City covers an area of 2,177.02km2. In 2003, the city has a total population of 744,600 people including the urban population of 260,400 people. With fertile land and flat terrain suitable to crop growth, Yuanjiang City is one of our country’s agricultural commodity bases. The agricultural products mainly include food grain, cotton, pig, fish, citrus, reed and ramie etc. Yuanjiang is the largest ramie production base of our country and an important ramie production base of Asia. The output of fish tops the whole province for 12 years. Yuanjiang has always enjoyed the fames as “home of fish and rice”, “home of ramie” and “home of reed”. Yuanjiang has 500 industrial enterprises in total, forming three industrial pillars - paper making, textile and food processing and four industrial systems – chemical industry, machinery, fishing tool and building materials. In 2003, Yuanjiang’s gross industrial and agricultural output values 2.634 billion yuan. The agricultural output value is 437 million yuan. Yuanjiang is a key development city identified by Yiyang City. Along with the gradual 21 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 implementation of the second-phase comprehensive management of Dongting Lake Basin, Chang-Yi expressway has connected with NO. 1831 provincial highway and Baisha bridge and Yuan-Yi 1st-grade highway opened into traffic, which greatly shortened the distance between Yuanjiang City and the central area of Yiyang City and Hunan core economic zone, creating very favorable condition for deep development and utilization of various kinds of resources of Yuanjiang City. The waterway traffic can reach Yueyang through Chirui floodway, Changsha and Henyang through Xiangjiang River to the south, Changde through Yuanjiang to the west and Jinshi City through Lishui River to the north. Yuanjiang has a long history and boasts rich human resources and natural resources. There are 39 key cultural relic protection units including the famous “Eight Sights of Yuanjiang Chishan”, Qionghu Academy and Lingyun Pagoda. Yuanjiang is a typical city beautified by lake water. There are 3 scenic tourist attractions in South Dongting Lake with wide water surface, which provide favorable condition for the development of tourism. Yuanjiang has always enjoyed the fames as “water home and citrus city” and the “Venice of the east”. Famous tourists call it “the best lake scenic spot in China”. Constructed in 1958, Luhu Reed Field is located in the hinterland of East Dongting Lake basin, northernmost of Yuanjiang City, neighboring Yueyang to the east, Huarong and Nanxian to the north, Xiangyin and Guluo to the south just separated by the river and just 170km away from Changsha, the provincial capital. Transportation is convenient. The Le-Lu highway connected with Yuan-Mao highway can directly reach Yuanjiang. By cement roads and water boat, you can reach Yueyang City. The vast and wide lake islet with a reputation of “Asian first reed field” is rich in reed. With flat terrain and wide field of vision, the lake islet is rich of wind resources and has favorable conditions to be constructed as a large scale wind power farm. The inside total area of the field is 7,570 mu including 4,200 mu of arable land. The total population is 8,100 people. The total islet area outside the field is 300,000 mu, including 150,000 mu of reed. The annual output of reed is 100,000t. The Party committee of the field subordinates 16 Party branches with 458 CPC Party members. The head office of the field subordinates 8 administrative districts and 4 units directly under the head office. 22 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 3. Analysis of the Existing Project 3.1 Overview of the Existing Project 3.1.1 Basic Information of the Project Hunan Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Linyuan) covers a land area of 219.3mu. It has a work force of 420 people. The registered capital is 5 million yuan. Linyuan was formerly known as Luhu Paper Mill, a key project of Hunan Province in the period of the 7th Five-Year Plan. The project was approved by provincial Planning Commission and Economic Commission (Doc. No. [1986] 284). The construction was officially started as approved by the provincial Construction Commission (Doc. No. [1987] 54). The mill was put into operation on January 1, 1993 with a capacity of 10,000t/a. On April 20, 2003, the paper mill was overall transferred and renamed Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd. From then on, the company started to reform the original production line. In early 2004, the company recovered and improved the original 1760mm paper machine and the auxiliary facilities. In 2005, the company added a 1,760mm high-speed paper machine production line and the auxiliary facilities, expanding the production capacity to 30,000t.a. According to the requirement of the state industrial policies, the company started to expand the production line again in 2006: adding a new set of 2,640mm multi-cylinder stationery paper machine; improving the existing 1,760mm paper machine to make the production capacity of stationery paper reach 51,000t.a and completing the alkali recovery project, midcourse wastewater treatment project and other pollution control facilities. The 12MW thermal power plant was constructed at the same period. The project was put into operation at the end of 2008 as approved by the Environmental Protection Bureau of Hunan Province according to EPB document NO. [2004]121 and at the same time the project passed the project completion environmental protection acceptance examination of Hunan Provincial EPB. Today, the company has 2 sets of 1,760mm paper machines, 1 set of 2640mm multi-cylinder stationery paper machine. The production capacity of stationery paper is about 51,000t/a. The light calcium carbonate and other byproducts are recycled in the process of production. The enterprise also boasts complete heat, power and water supply system as well as maintenance, warehouse, wharf and service facilities. Figure 3.1-1 is the 23 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 general plane layout of the existing project. 24 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 Figure 3.1-1 General Plane Layout of Existing Project 25 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 3.1.2 Composition of the Existing Project The existing project of Linyuan Paper is composed of the master works, auxiliary works, public works and environmental protection works. See Table 3.1-1. Table 3.1-1 List of Existing Project Works Types Items Elements Chemical pulping system with a production capacity of 51,000t/a, including following sections: material preparation, interval cooking, countercurrent washing with Pulping workshop vacuum pulp mashing machine, medium-consistency sieving, four-stage bleaching including chlorination, alkali processing, hydrogen peroxide Master works processing and hypochlorite bleaching. Paper making system with a production capacity of 51,000t/a: Paper making 1 set of 2640mm paper machine; workshop 2 sets of 1760mm paper machine; Products: stationery paper including writing paper and wood-free paper. 2 sets of 35t/h CFB boilers fitted with 12MW extraction condensing Thermal power steam turbine generator; plant Dry coal shed covering 2,000m2, with a storage capacity of 5,000t for 17-day consumption. Auxiliary The field covers a land area of 80000m2. The scale of each filing unit is works Reed piling field 500m (L)×25 m (W)×26 m (H). The field is divided into three large units Comprehensive warehouse: 4000m2, end-products warehouse: 3000m2, Others chemicals warehouse, liquid chlorine warehouse, office building, maintenance workshop and so on. Process water is supplied by water treatment plant. Water source is the Caowei River. Pump room is constructed beside the Caowei River. The Water supply water supply system is composed of a 70,000m3/d pump room and a works 50,000m3/d water supply treatment station. Domestic water is supplied through municipal water distribution system. The drainage works adopt rainwater/sewage division technology. The production wastewater and domestic sewage would be treated in the Drainage works wastewater treatment plant before discharged into the Caowei River. Rainwater flows into the channel on the east side through rainwater pipe Public works network and then to the Caowei River. One set of 35KV transformer substation with installed power supply Power capacity: 12MW, payload: 7MW, distributing power to each workshop distribution works through 10KV underground cable. The existing transportation capacity totals 242,000t including export of Transportation 51,000t and import of 191,000t. The company uses both waterway and highway, but gives priority to waterway. Air compressing 2 sets of air compressors with an compressed air supply capacity of station 80Nm3/min. Wharf Berth capacity: 500~3000t 1 set of 20t/h alkali boiler with a capacity of treating 195t/d of black Alkali recovering solid substances generated in the process of evaporation, burning, Environmental workshop causticizing and white mud recovery. The main equipment includes protection alkali recovering boiler and heat retrieving system. works White water Equipped with an 8,000 m3/d sediment tower to retrieve all the white recovery system water produced in paper making. 26 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 Types Items Elements Material preparation system adopts cloth-bag dust-removing technology; Waste gas 2 sets of 35t/h boiler adopt marble scrubbing technology to remove dust purification and desulfurize alkaline. 1 set of alkali adopts electrostatic dust works precipitation technology. The flue gas of the three boilers jointly is exhausted through a single 80m chimney. Treatment capacity: 25,000m3/d. Deep treatment process (horizontal air flotation) was added in the improvement in 2010; Wastewater Process flow: grid → primary sedimentation tank → anaerobic tank → treatment plant anaerobic tank → sedimentation aeration tank → secondary sedimentation tank →horizontal air flotation → solid-liquor separation Residue piling field on the south side of the plant site covering a land Solid wastes area of 5,000 m2. About 2 million tons of residues have been piled disposal there. 3.1.3 Main structures of the Existing Project Main structures of existing project are listed in Table 3.1-2. Table 3.1-2 List of Main Structures of the Existing Project Names Area(m2) Remarks (stories) Preparation 3600 Single building, 3 stories section Cooking section 500 3 stories sieving section 700 3 stories Pulping Bleaching section 700 3 stories workshop Liquid chlorine storing, making 800 Master works and bleaching workshop End products 2000 warehouse Paper 1st paper making Some 2-stories and others 3000 making workshop 1 story workshops 2nd paper making 2500 workshop Substation 3000 Air compressor station 800 Public utility Water supply treatment station 2500 Some 4 stories and others Boiler house 2500 2 stories Thermal power plant 1200 2 stories Dry coal shed 2000 Maintenance workshop 2800 Auxiliary Comprehensive warehouse 4000 works Chemicals warehouse 3000 Duty room, dining room 3000 Office building 1500 4 stories Reed shed 6000 Environmental Alkali Evaporation section 3000 protection recovery Some 4 stories, other 2 Burning section 2000 works workshop stories 27 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 Causticizing section 2500 Wastewater treatment plant 16000 Land area 3.1.4 Main Equipment of the Existing Project Existing main production equipment of the company are listed in Table 3.1-3 Table 3.1-3 List of Existing Main Production Equipment Names of Work sections Types Unit Quantity Remarks equipment (I) Reed pulp making workshop Reed cutting ZCQ11 Set 2 machine Cylinder reed Preparation sec. ZW1 Set 2 pieces sieve Clothe-bag dust ZQZC1 Set 4 remover Cooking boiler ZTG3(110m3) Set 3 Cooking sec. Blow pot / Set 1 Vacuum washer ZND24 Set 2 Shaking-frame / Set 2 Washing/sieving flat sieve sec. Centrifugal sieve ZSL—4 Set 1 Cone desander ZSC11 Set 30 Decker thickener ZW23 Set 2 Vacuum pulp Corrugated board 20m2 Set 4 Bleaching sec. washer Bleaching tower ZPT22 Set 2 (II) Paper making workshop 2640 fourdrinier machine Set 1 Complete set including Paper machine beating and 1760 fourdrinier machine Set 2 mixing equipment (III) Alkali recovery workshop 1200m2×5 liquid film long Evaporator Set 1 tube evaporator Black liquor / Set 1 Evaporation sec. treatment system Surface / Set 1 condenser Stripper tower / Set 1 Injecting boiler 2HP16B Set 1 Electrostatic / Set 2 precipitator Burning sec. Induced draft fan / Set 1 Alkali DGGJ20/3.82-450 Set 1 recovery boiler Causticization Green liquor / Set 1 sec. clarifier 28 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 Lime slaking residue lifting / Set 1 machine Continuous A complete causticizing ZHK6(50m2) Set 3 set system White liquor / Set 2 clarifier White mud washing and / Set 4 storage tank Shaking sieve / Set 2 Carbonation / Set 1 reaction tank (IV) Thermal power plant Operation temperature = 450 ℃ , 1 Boiler 35t/h Set 2 Steam parameter = 3.8MPa 2 Alkali boiler 20t/h Set 1 Inlet pressure Double-extraction = 3.8Mpa , 3 steam turbine condensing, rated power Set 1 Inlet 12MW temperature = 450℃ 4 Power generator Installed capacity: 12MW S11 35kV transmitter; S11-M 35kV 5 Transformer Set 2 hermetically-sealed transformer Desalination 6 50t/h Set 1 water system Water supply 7 / Set 2 pump 8 Fan / Set 2 The boiler adopts alkaline desulfurization + millstone Desulfurization water film precipitating 9 and dust removal technology; alkali recovery system boiler adopt electrostatic precipitation technology 3.1.5 Products and Output of the Existing Project The main products of existing project are stationery paper and at the same time the company also reclaims such by-products as light calcium carbonate. The output of stationery paper in 2012 is 51,000t. 29 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 3.1.6 Main Raw/Auxiliary Materials Consumed The main raw/auxiliary materials and energy consumed by existing operations of Linyuan Paper are shown in Table 3.1-4. The quality parameters of the boiler-burned coal are shown in Table 3.1-5. Table 3.1-4 List of Main Raw/Auxiliary Materials Consumed Consumption S. Specifications and Annual Transportat Names Unit per ton of Source No. quality consumption ion mode products Ship 1 Reed / t 130000 2.55 Local mostly Ship and 2 Liquid alkali 30%NaOH t 12000 0.24 Local province vehicle Ship and 3 Liquid chlorine / t 2700 0.05 Yueyang vehicle Hydrogen Ship and 4 50%H2O2 t 6000 0.12 Yueyang peroxide vehicle Other chemical Ship and 5 硫化钠(59%Na2S) t 2000 0.04 Outsourced materials vehicle Ship and 6 Lime 75%CaO t 18620 0.365 Local vehicle 7 Polyester mesh / m2 500 0.01 Domestic Vehicle Ship and 8 Heavy oil 200# t 50 0.001 Yueyang vehicle Ship and 9 Coal / t 100000 1.96 Outsourced vehicle 10 Electric power / kwh 55000000 1078.4 Local Note: output: 51,000t Table 3.1-5 Quality Parameters of Boiler-burned Coal Sulfur Moisture Fixed carbon Valatility Ash Net calorific value content 3.6% 54.59% 19.50% 8% 1% 24.25MJ/kg(5800kcal/kg) 3.1.7 Public Works and Auxiliary Facilities 3.1.7.1 Water Supply and Drainage (I) Water supply Process water is taken from the Caowei River south of the plant site. There is a water supply treatment station inside the plant. Adopting coagulation-sedimentation-filtration technology to treat the water, the plan has a treatment capacity of 50,000m3/d. The water consumption at present is about 11,505m3/d. So, there is still a surplus amount of 3,8500m3/d. 30 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 The water supply treatment facility is composed of the inclined tube sedimentation tank, siphon filtering tank, clean water tank and clean water pump. The specific process flow of water treatment is as follows: Caowei River→pump→inclined tube sedimentation tank→sophon filtering tank→clean water tank→two-stage pressurized pumping station→plant site production and fire water supply network→point of distribution. Domestic water used by the workers of the plan is supplied by the waterworks at Luhuji Town. There is one set of softening water treatment system with a capacity of 50t/h. The workflow: raw water (after pre-treatment)→strong acid cation exchanger→CO2 remover→sodium type strong acid cation exchanger→thermal deoxidization→desalting water tank→desulting pump→main workshop. Water consumption of existing project is shown in Table 3.1-6. Table 3.1-6 Water Consumption of Existing Project Fresh water Circulating water S. No. Users Kinds Whole day(m3/d) Volume (m3/d) 1 Pulp workshop Process water 6,700 / 2 Paper workshop Process water 175 4,500 Alkali recovery 3 Process water 3,150 / workshop Process water 720 / Thermal power 4 plant Circulating cooling 720 43,200 water 5 Plant site Domestic-used water 40 / 6 Total 11,505 47,700 (II) Drainage The whole plant adopts rain-sewage diversion system. The production wastewater and domestic sewage are discharged into the Caowei River after treated in the wastewater treatment plant. The rainwater flows into the channel on the east side through the rainwater pipe network and then into the Caowei River. The need-to-be-treated wastewater of existing project amounts to 8,850m3/d (72m3/d of wastewater discharged from the boiler system of the thermal power plant boiler and the circular water system is clean water and discharge directly into the river). Process water, including 5,595m3/d of midcourse wastewater from the pulping workshop, 3,100m3/d of 31 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 polluted condensate water from the alkali recovery workshop and 120m3/d of chemical waste water from the thermal power plant, will attain the standard and be discharged into the Caowei River after treated. 35 m3/d of domestic sewage will be treated in the septic tank before discharged into the wastewater treatment plant. Figure 3.1-2 is the balance chart of existing water supply and drainage. 500 3150 Alkali recovery 3100 workshop 8695 1200 655 1650 6700 Pulping workshop 5595 25000m3/d sewage treatment station 8850 175 Caowei River 175 4500 White water recovery Paper workshop system 4500 Chemical wastewater 120 576 24 Direct discharge of clean 720 600 water Desalting Industrial Thermal power water plant 43200 672 Condensate water 624 720 Circular cooling water of Direct discharge of clean thermal power plant 48 water 5 40 35 Septic tank 35 Domestic water Water supply treatment station 11505 Figure 3.1-2 Balance Chart of Existing Water Supply and Drainage Unit: m3/d 32 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 3.1.7.2 Transportation and Warehousing The total transportation amount of existing project is 242,000t including 51,000t of outbound and 191,000t of inbound transportation. The company uses both waterway and highway with waterway in priority. The transportation outside the plant is undertaken by social transportation forces. The movement of cargos and materials between and inside the workshops in the plant are addressed by forklifts and handcarts. Existing project has a 3,000m2 end-product warehouse and a 4,000m2 comprehensive warehouse. The reed material piling field covers a land area of 80,000m2, which is divided into three piling units, each occupying an area of 500m (L)×25 m (W)×26 m (H). Liquid chlorine is stored in the liquid chlorine warehouse and fuel coal stored in coal shed. The coal storage is 5,000t which can be used for 17 days. See Table 3.1-7 for the situation of main materials warehousing. Table 3.1-7 Main Raw Material Storage of Existing Project Names of raw Time period of Storage(t) Warehouses materials consumption Reed 21,666 2 months Reed piling field Coal 5,000 17 days Coal shed Liquid chlorine Liquid chlorine 17 3 days warehouse Storage tank in the Hydrogen peroxide 54 3 days pulping workshop Storage tank of the Liquid alkali 100 3 days pulping workshop Lime stone 820 15 days Chemicals warehouse 3.1.7.3 Power Supply Power consumption of existing project is 5.5×107kwh/a. A 35/10kV substation has been built in the plant. The power is connected from the 35kV Nanda substation and after transformed, supplied to each workshop at 10KV. In addition, the company’s thermal power plant has a set of 12MW turbo-generator with an actual payload of 7MW. Therefore, the 35KV power supply added with the self-provided one can sufficiently meet the demand of the existing project. 3.1.7.4 Heat Supply The heat supply system of the thermal power plant is composed of 2 sets of CFB boilers with rated evaporation capacity at 35t/h and 1 set of 20t/h alkali recovery boiler unit. The 33 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 superheated steam enters into the 12MW extraction turbo-generator unit and connects with the grid to generate power electricity and the waste heat of power generation system enters into the pulping and alkali recovery systems. The heat supply from existing heat sources can entirely meet the demand of current heat load. Current heat load is shown in Table 3.1-7. The heat consumption of the whole plant is shown in Table 3.1-3. Table 3.1-7 Current Heat Load of the Company Steam consumption Pressure MPa Quantity (t/h) Remarks units Pulping workshop 1 10 1st paper-making 0.6 12 workshop Including heat lost in 2nd paper-making 0.6 14 pipe network workshop Alkali recovery 0.6 15 workshop Total / 51 / Power plant Alkali recovery workshop 0.6MPa 1#35t/h 2#35t/h 20t/h 15t/h 3.8MPa 3.8MPa 3.8MPa 35t/h 35t/h 20t/h Turbo-generator unit(12MW) 1MPa 0.6MPa 0.6MPa 10t/h 12t/h 14t/h Pulping workshop 1st paper-making workshop 2nd paper-making workshop Figure 3.1-3 Overview of the Steam Consumption of the Whole Plant 3.2 Production Process of the Existing Project 3.2.1 Pulping Workshop As shown in Figure 3.2-1, the flow chart of pulping process, the process of the pulping workshop includes preparation, cooking, sieving and bleaching sections. 34 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 ★ ● ★ Reed Belt conveyer Reed cutting Round Moving-bottom machine sieve feed plug Warm water Cooking drag liquor ▲ ★ ● Hydraulic cutting Spiral dehydrator Vertical steam pipe Soraying pot machine Black liquid-sent alkali recovery Chlorine Bleaching workshop ● gas liquid Pulp 4-stage vacuum horizontal belt washer Sieving Bleaching extruder NaOH NaOH H2O2 Bleaching tower 2-roll pulp extruder Bleaching Vacuum washer tower CaClO3 Bleaching Vacuum washer ▲ Storage tank tower ▲ wastewater production point ▲ ★ waste gas production point ● residues production point Figure 3.2-1 Flowchart and Discharge Nodes of Reed Pulping (1) Preparation section The preparation section adopts dry and wet preparation method, i.e. adding wet washing equipment to the widely-used dry preparation process. The specific process flow is: carrying the reed raw material with flat trailer to the cutting workshop from the piling field → conveying reed raw materials with belt conveyer into the ZCQ11 cutting machine → conveying the cut materials with wind force into the round sieve →sieving off some reed leaves and film → feeding into the feed bin. Before cooking, the reed materials would be cut into 40mm± pieces and fed into the hydraulic crusher. In this process, the hydraulic shearing and the mutual friction will make the reed pieces cut in longitude and torn in latitude, the water-dissolved substances and ash content will be partly removed, which is advantageous to the process of cooking and washing. After dehydration in the hydraulic crusher, the materials would be conveyed to the cooking system by back-feed screw conveyor system. By now, the preparation is completed. Dry and wet preparation process can improve pulp intensity and reduce ash dots, and the silicon content of black liquor can be greatly reduced, which is helpful to the black liquor evaporation and white mud treatment. 35 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 (2) Cooking section Reed cooking process adopts cooking boiler intermittent cooking technique with following characters: high raw material adaptability, low steam consumption, uniform quality, low Kappa value and high intensity. After dry and wet preparation, the reed pieces are conveyed into the cooking boiler and at the same time the cooking liquor is fed for circulation. After boiler loading is completed, the materials would be cooked to the maximum pressure of 0.7Mpa and then keep warm for an hour before blown into the jet pot with high pressure. The process flow is shown in Figure 3.2-2. Reed pieces Accumulator tank Condensator Cooking boiler Chemical drags(NaOH and Na2S etc.) ★ Spraying pot Screw separator ● ▲ wastewater ★ waste gas ● residues Sieving and washing Figure 3.2-2 Flowchart and Discharge Nodes of Cooking Section (3) Washing and sieving section The pulp stuff conveyed from cooking section is mixed with the thickest black liquor from washing in the sealed mixing box and then sent to the vacuum washing unit for series countercurrent washing (3+1). The up-to 80℃± hot water sent from the heating cooking section sprays on the 4th washing machine and then backwashed through 3rd, 2nd and 1st washing machines. The washed stuff drops into the vertical storage tank. Alkali content of the washed rough pulp is no more than 500mg/L. Concentration of the washing black liquor is no less than 7Be. The temperature is no less than 70℃. Most of the washing black liquor is sent to the cooking boiler for mixing in addition to the mixing in this section, and partly sent to the alkali recovery workshop for alkali recovery. The washed rough pulp is pumped to the vibration-type flat sieve. The distillated residues and the reed nodes are sent to the cooking 36 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 section for back-cooking. The pulp flows into the pulp-mixing box automatically. The mixed pulp flows into Cx centrifugal sieve. The well-washed pulp is sent into the 1-stage and 3-phase desander for desanding. The desanded pulp flows into the decker thickener for thickening. The thickened pulp drops into the horizontal storage tank and then is pumped to the bleaching section. The process flow is shown in Figure 3.2-3 Black pulp ▲ wastewater ★ waste gas ● residues Balance belt vacuum washing machine Pulp pool Vibration-type flat sieve ● Sent to cooking boiler Water Cx centrifugal sieve desander Thickening ▲ Sent to wastewater treatment stn. Figure 3.2-3 Flowchart of Washing and Sieving Section (4) Bleaching section Adjusting the thickness of the pulp sent from the washing section to 2.8% - 3.5% in the pulp pool of this section; pumping the pulp to the FR-I static pulp chlorine mixer for mixing with chlorine sufficiently; sending the well-mixed pulp into the up flow chlorination tower for chlorination; making the chlorinated pulp flow into the vacuum washing machine; mixing the washed pulp with the thickness of 6% sufficiently with the alkali liquor with the thickness of 1.5% in the double-roll machine; sending the well-mixed pulp to the down-flow lye treatment tower for alkali treatment; pumping the treated pulp to the drum-type vacuum washer for washing; mixing the wash stuff with H2O2 bleaching liquor; sending the mixed stuff to the bleaching tower for bleaching; pumping the bleached stuff to the drum-type vacuum washer for washing again; bleaching the washed stuff with 6% calcium hypochlorite bleaching liquid in the bleaching tower; sending the washed pulp to the storage tower; then 37 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 sending the pulp to the pulping section. The requirements to bleaching quality include: whiteness: 65-70 (blue light) and chlorine residues: ≦100mg/L. The process flowchart is shown in Figure 3.2-4. ▲ Fine stuff Stuff-chlorine mixer Upflow chlorination tower Vacuum washer Alkali treatment H2O2 bleaching tower CaClO3bleaching tower tower ▲ wastewater Vacuum washer Vertical storage tower ★ waste gas ● residues ▲ Figure 3.2-4 Flowchart of Bleaching Section 3.2.2 Alkali Recovery Workshop (1) Evaporation section Black liquor evaporates in 1,200m2×5-effect liquid-film long-tube evaporator unit with black liquor thermal processing system. Black liquor dissolves in the environment of high temperature (180~190℃) to reduce viscosity and increase the thickness to 45% from 13%. Then the evaporated black liquor can be sent directly to the alkali furnace for burning without need of a disk evaporator, reducing emission of sulfur odor. (2) Combustion section Combustion section uses low-bromine single-drum alkali recovery boiler (1 set of ZHP16B injecting boiler). The black liquor from the evaporation section is put directly into the boiler to burn, greatly reducing odors, increasing heating area of the economizer and raising steam production capacity. Because there is only one drum, the alkali lost along with the flue gas is reduced and the interval between stops for cleaning is prolonged. Thermal treatment of black liquor improves the security, stability and efficiency of alkali boiler operation. After electrostatic dust removal, the residue gas with dust content <120mg/Nm3 is exhausted to the atmosphere through chimney. So the flue gas emission meets the standard. (3) Caustic section Caustic section adopts continuous caustic system. The filter system is composed of 38 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 green liquor clarifier and white liquid clarifier. After clarification, the green liquor and green mud separate. The Na2CO3 in green liquor is causticized as NaOH. After washed by the pre-coated filter, the green mud is transported outside and buried together with the lime stone residues. The causticized solution automatically flows into the causticized emulsion feed tank and then is pumped into the white liquor clarifier for clarification. Then, the clarified white liquor will be sent to the cooking section and the white mud be pumped into the vibration sieve and washer before coming into the carbonate reaction tank to react with CO2 and create light calcium carbonate. Through vibration sieving, the light calcium carbonate as end product will come into the storage tank. Process flowchart is shown in Figure 3.2-5. 1200m2×5-affect liquid-film long-tube evaporator (with black liquor thermal processing system) End products tank Low-odor single-drum boiler Light calcium carbonate vib. sieve Thin white liquor Green liquor dissolving tank Carbonation reaction tank Thin green liquor Green liquor clarifier Green mud filter White mud washing tank ● Lime residue lifting machine ● White mud storage tank ● Continuous caustizer White mud washer and filter White White liquor clarifier White mud dissolving tank mud ▲ wastewater White liquor storage tank To cooking section ★ waste gas ● residues Figure 3.2-5 Flowchart and Waste Discharge Spots of Alkali Recovery Workshop 3.2.3 Paper Making Workshop (1) Pulping section The stuff from the bleaching section is sent to the double-disc refiner of the paper 39 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 machine for grinding. The grinded pulp is sent to the mixing pool to mix with the processed waste stuff. The mixed stuff flowing automatically to the machine chest is pumped to the paper making section. According to the type of paper, talcum powder and other accessories will be added in the process of mixing. Waste stuff is composed of the wet waste stuff and dry waste stuff from paper making section. All the waste stuff is sent to be thickened in the decker thickener. The deflaked stuff is sent to the grinding machine. The grinded pulp is sent to the mixing box for mixing. (2) Paper making section When mixed to the required thickness (0.5%-0.6%) in the mixing tank, the pulp stuff sent from the pulp tank will flow automatically into the pool and then pumped by fan pump to the 1-stage 2-phase desander. The desanded fine pulp enters into the centrifugal sieve, then to the stable box, then to the head box and finally taking form on the mesh. Through squeeze, ventilation and drying, the paper piece with moisture of 7% is formed. Through six-roll calender, the paper piece is winded by flat spiral cylinder winder. The process flow is shown in Figure 3.2-6. Reed pulp Mixing on ratio desanding Headbox Paper making Calender Talcum powder etc. Winding Figure 3.2-6 Flowchart of Paper Making 3.3 Main Pollutants of the Existing Project In August 2012, Yiyang City Environmental Monitoring Center monitored the environment around the site of Linyuan Paper. Because the enterprise was in stop status in the period of monitoring, field investigation of the pollution source could not be made. In order to analyze the pollution discharge from existing sources for this assessment, we have collected the monitoring report of Hunan Province Environmental Monitoring Center on the completion acceptance of the existing project in 2008, the monitoring report of Yiyang City Environmental Monitoring Center on the acceptance of wastewater quality improvement project of Linyuan Paper in 2011 and the monitoring report of Yiyang City Environmental Station on the existing pollution sources and the data of fugitive discharge in February 2012. 40 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 In the period of above mentioned monitoring, all workshops were operating at full capacity. 3.3.1 Wastewater At present, the wastewater discharged by Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd. includes: (1) Midcourse wastewater from the pulp making process The midcourse wastewater of this project is coming from the washing, sieving and bleaching section in the process of pulp making, which mainly contains SS, COD, BOD5, AOX, dioxins and other organic oxygen consuming substances. The volume of wastewater is 5595m3/d. This part of wastewater is treated in the wastewater treatment plant before discharged. (2) Wastewater from the alkali recovery system. Most of the wastewater from alkali recovery system is polluted condensate water, which mainly contains pH, BOD5, COD, SS etc. The volume is 3,100 m3/d. This part of wastewater is treated in the wastewater treatment plant before discharged. (3) Wastewater from the thermal power plant The chemical treatment wastewater from the thermal power plant amounts to 120m3/d, mainly containing pH and inorganic salt etc. This part of wastewater need to be treated in the wastewater treatment plant before discharged. The wastewater from the boiler system, water circulation system and fan cooling system, about 72m3/d, is clean water and can be discharged out directly. (4) Domestic wastewater from the plant site The domestic wastewater from the plant site needs to be treated in the septic tank before jumped into the wastewater treatment plant, which mainly contains SS, BOD5, COD and other pollutants. The volume is 35m3/d. The current wastewater treatment plant is located on the south side of the plant site. The treatment capacity is 25,000 m3/d. In order to meet the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry”, Linyuan Paper improved the existing wastewater treatment plant in 2011, adding horizontal air-flotation equipment. Current process flow is shown in Figure 3.3-1. 41 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 Blowing machine Backflowing mud Wastewater O2 Grate Primary sediment Anaerobic tank Anaerobic sediment tank Aeration tank Secondary tank sedimentation tank Supernatant Grid residues out transportation Surplus sludge Mud cake out transportation Sludge thickening and dewatering machine Sludge thickening tank Discharged into Caowei River according to standard Clean water dischargeing Horizontal air flotation tank Figure 3.3-1 Flowchart of Existing Wastewater Treatment Plant In order to understand the current situation of wastewater pollution sources of Linyuan Paper, this assessment collects the monitoring (December 19-20, 2011) data of Yiyang City Environmental Monitoring Center in the acceptance of wastewater quality improvement project of Linyuan Paper. The results of the wastewater quality monitoring are shown in Table 3.3-1. Table 3.3-1 Results of Wastewater Quality Monitoring of Excising Project in Dec. 2011 Unit: mg/L, pH excluded Standards December 19, 2011 December 20, 2011 implemented Items Inlet of Outlet of Efficiency Inlet of Outlet of Efficiency GB3544-2008 wastewater wastewater of the wastewater wastewater of the Table 2 treatment treatment treatment treatment treatment treatment plant plant (%) plant plant (%) pH 7.2-7.26 8.3-8.37 / 9.62-9.67 8.29-8.33 / 6-9 CODCr 677 80 88.2 589 89.5 84.8 90 BOD5 314 16.8 94.6 283 18.3 93.5 20 SS 66 21 68.2 75 24 68 30 Chroma (degree) 30 3 / 20 4 / / NH3-N 19.4 7.68 60 11.7 6.98 40 8 The monitored concentration of pollutant elements of the wastewater of the master outlet is as follows: pH ranges 8.29 – 8.37; The maximum average daily values of discharge concentration of SS, CODcr, BOD5, chroma and NH3-N are 24mg/L, 89.5mg/L, 18.3mg/L, 4 degrees and 7.68mg/L respectively. All are within the limits defined in Table 2 of the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008). According to the investigation of the company’s history, the concentration of total 42 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 phosphorus and total nitrogen in the wastewater at the master outlet is 0.6mg/l and 9mg/l respectively, lower than the limits defined in Table 2 of the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008). For this assessment, the AOX content in the wastewater was re-monitored. The result is 58.4 mg/L. Because chlorine bleaching method is used at present, the content of AOX is far beyond the limit (12 mg/l) defined in Table 2 of GB3544-2008. The wastewater produced in the process of pulp making amounts to 5,595m3/d. The discharge volume of unit product (pulp) is 37.3m3/t, lower than the limit of 45m3/dry tone defined in Table 2 of the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008). 3.3.2 Waste Gas (I) Waste gas emission and countermeasures The waste gas sources of the existing project mainly include: (1) Non-fugitive waste gas The non-fugitive waste gas generated in the process of production of the existing project mainly includes the flue gas and ash coming from the thermal power plant, the alkali recovery system and the preparation workshop. ① The power plant is equipped with 2 set of 35t/h boiler (the 2 set of boilers always run simultaneously). The flue gas from the boiler is exhausted into the atmosphere through the chimney of 80m high after precipitated with millstone water film precipitator and desulfured with soda water (Ca(OH)2). ② The alkali recovery system is equipped with 1 set of alkali boiler with a treatment capacity of 195t/d. After precipitation with electrostatic precipitator, the flue gas from alkali boiler is discharged into the atmosphere through the same 80m chimney used by the power plant boiler. ③ The waste gas generated in the preparation section amounts about 37,500m3/h. The ash concentration is 4,000mg/m3, and the yield is 150kg/h. After dust precipitation with cloth-bag with removal rate of 99%, the exhaust concentration is 40mg/m3, and the volume of discharge is 1.5kg/h. This part of waste gas attaining standard is exhausted through a 15m chimney. (2) Fugitive waste gas The fugitive waste gas is mainly composed of the ashes coming from the preparation 43 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 workshop and the coal shed, Cl2 and H2S from the pulping workshop and NH3 and H2S from the wastewater treatment plant. The situation of waste gas production and the countermeasures are shown in Table 3.3-2. Table 3.3-2 Waste Gas Discharge and Countermeasures Main Flue gas treatment Producing section Pollution source Pollutant emission methods pollutants measures Flue gas Millstone water film Thermal power 2×35t/h CFB boiler SO2 precipitating and soda plant NOx water desulfurization 2 set of 35t/h boiler and 1set of 20t/h alkali boiler jointly use the same Organized Φ2.2m×80m chimney. The outlet waste gas Ash temperature is 140℃ Alkali recovery 1×20t/h alkali recovery Electrostatic SO2 system boiler precipitating NOx Preparation Flue gas exhausted through 15m Preparation ashes Ash Bag precipitating workshop chimney Preparation, coal yard Ash / / Pulping workshop H2S / / Unorganized waste gas Wastewater treatment H2S , NH3 / / plant (II) Situation of Attaining Standards (1) Result of the non-fugitive waste gas site monitoring, analysis and appraisal The Environmental Monitoring Center of Human Province has made acceptance inspection on the existing project and monitored the waste gas pollution sources. The results are shown in Table 3.3-3. Table 3.3-3 Overall Monitoring Results of the Main Waste Gas Pollution Sources Monitoring 烟尘 SO2 NOx Volume of waste gas Precipitating Desulfurization Spots Concentration Density Concentration Density Concentration Density Nm3/h efficiency efficiency mg/Nm3 kg/h % mg/Nm3 kg/h mg/Nm3 kg/h % Precipitator inlet 59420 7639 454 1974 117.3 1#35t/boiler 98.5 65.4 Precipitator outlet 60250 107 6.4 647 40.6 Precipitator 2#35t/boiler inlet 60460 6894 416.8 98.2 1983 119.9 64.3 44 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 Precipitator outlet 60940 122 7.4 702 42.8 149 9.24 Alkali Precipitator recovery 25500 99 2.5 49 1.2 181 5.44 outlet boiler Standard for boiler: 2nd class in Phase II of / 200 / 900 / GB13271-2001 Standard for alkali recovery boiler: Table 2 of 120 151 550 110 240 31 GB16297-1996 Note: The data of NOx is the routine monitoring data of Yiyang City Environmental Monitoring Center in the 2nd quarter of 2012. The results of the monitoring show: ① The concentration of SO2 and flue dust in the boiler flue gas monitored in the project acceptance monitoring is within the limits required by Phase-II in category 2 district of the “Discharge Standard of Air Pollutant for Boilers (GB13271-2001)”. ② The concentration of SO2, flue gas and NOx in the waste gas at the outlet of the alkali boiler precipitator is within the limits for class 2 standard listed in Table 2 of the “Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants”(GB16297-1996). (2) Result of the fugitive waste gas site monitoring, analysis and appraisal The monitoring result of the fugitive pollutant discharge in the boundary areas of the enterprise is shown in Table 3.3-4. Table 3.3-4 Fugitive Discharge of Main Waste Gas in the Process of Production Cl2 Particles SO2 NH3 H2S Monitoring sites mg/Nm3 mg/Nm3 mg/Nm3 mg/Nm3 mg/Nm3 East of the 0.195 0.016 0.006 0.005 boundary West of the 0.11 0.039 0.01 0.008 boundary South of the 0.248 0.026 0.01 0.008 boundary North of the 0.129 0.04 0.012 0.008 boundary Upwind direction 0.015 of pulping workshop Leeward 0.015 direction of pulping workshop Integrated Emission Standard of Air Emission Standard for Order Pollutants Pollutants Standards applied (GB16297-1996) (GB14554-93) 0.4 1.0 0.4 1.5 0.06 45 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 Note: The value of Cl2 was the result of the ordinary monitoring make by Yiyang Station in 2012 and others were monitored in 2008 As shown in the above table, the particles, SO2 and Cl2 in the fugitive waste gas monitored at each spot are within the limits for class 2 in Table 2 of “Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants(GB16297-1996)”. NH3 and H2S within the limits for class 2 standard for new, improved and expanded projects in table 1 of “Emission Standard for Order Pollutants (GB14554-93)”. 3.3.3 Solid Wastes The main solid wastes generated in the production of the company include ash slag, reed debris, waste pulp and paper, white mud, green mud, lime dregs and sludge etc. The reed ash and residues are transported out to the reed field as fertilizer. The waste pulp and paper are sold to paper box factories as raw materials. The white mud is recovered to retrieve light calcium carbonate. The coal ash slag and lime dregs are used to make bricks and pave road. Green mud and sludge from the wastewater treatment plant are buried in the residue disposal field on the south side of the plant site. Covering a land area of 5,000m2, the residue disposal field has been piled with about 20,000t of green mud and sludge. The discharge and disposal modes are shown in Tale 3.3-5. Table 3.3-5 Residue Production and Disposal S. No. Production section Names of solid wastes Discharge t(t/a) Mode of disposal specification Reed debris 7820(oven dry) Usedasfertilizerforreedfield 1 Pulping workshop Sold to paper box factory as raw Waste pulp and paper 1600(oven dry) materials 2 Paper workshop Waste polyester mesh 1 Recovered by the plant Green mud 340(oven dry) Buried in the disposal field Lime dregs 1500(oven dry) Sold out to pave roads General solid Alkali recovery 3 wastes workshop Recovered to retrieve light White mud 3015(oven dry) calcium carbonate Wastewater 4 Sludge 2600(oven dry) Buried in disposal field treatment plant Coal ash slag, 5 Boiler room 9124 Used to make bricks and pave road desulfurization slag Total 26000 3.3.4 Noise The noise sources of the existing project mainly include reed cutting machine and fan of preparation workshop, pulp pump and water pump of pulping workshop, pulp pump and 46 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 grinding machine of paper workshop, pump and fan of alkali recovery workshop, pump and fan of wastewater treatment plant and compressor of air compressing station. The noise level is 80-95dB(A). The noise suppression measures adopted mainly include sound absorption, sound isolation and vibration reduction. From 26 to 27 of December 2008, the Environmental Monitoring Center of Hunan Province conducted acceptance monitoring on the boundary noise of the paper industry. As the result shown in Table 3.3-6, both the day and night boundary noises of the company meet the requirements of the grade 2 standard of the “Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary (GB12348-2008)”, namely daytime 60dB(A) and night 50dB(A). The company has realized the target of attain-standard discharge of boundary noise. Table 3.3-6 Results of Boundary Noise Monitoring (acceptance in 2008) Monitoring site Daytime Standard value Night Standard value East of the 56.5 47.1 boundary South of the 53.4 47.8 boundary 60 50 West of the 54.5 49.0 boundary North of the 57.5 48.2 boundary 3.3.5 Existing Main Environmental Problems and Countermeasures of “Promoting the Old with the New” (1) Because the boiler desulfurizing system has been used for a long time, the desulfurizing effect is not stable, resulting in occasional over standard of SO2. In order to ensure the stability of system operation and make the emission of SO2 attain the standard, it is recommended to repair and improve the ageing and fault equipment. (2) The reed piling field and the preparation workshop are not properly management. Reed scraps fly around. It is recommended that the construction units should enhance management, clear the field every day and upgrade the mode of reed transportation from the piling field to the preparation workshop to avoid the dust raising caused by the reed pulling on the ground. (3) In the process of chlorine bleaching, the pulping wastewater is easy to be polluted by AOx. 47 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 3.4 Overview of the Pollutant Discharge of the Existing Project Based on the estimation of the monitoring data of actual emission, Table 3.4-1 lists the overall situation of the pollutants discharged from the existing project. The data of wastewater is the monitoring data of Yiyang City Environmental Monitoring Station on the acceptance of wastewater quality improvement project of Linyuan Paper in 2011. The data of waste gas is the monitoring data of Hunan Province Environmental Monitoring Center on the completion acceptance of existing project in 2008 and the monitoring data of Yiyang City Environmental Monitoring Center on the pollution sources of the existing project in 2011. The waste gas includes the waste gas produced in the preparation workshop. Table 3.4-1 List of Pollutants Discharged by Existing Project Concentration Discharge Total amount Names of Types pollutants monitored volume(t/a) index(t/a) COD 89.5 269.3 2300 wastewater BOD5 18.3 55.06 / (Q=8850m3/d) SS 24 72.22 / 300.9 万 m3/a NH3-N 7.68 23.11 / Smoke powder 126.4 / Waste gas SO2 673.4 600 NOx 184.2 / Output of solid wastes(t/a) 26000 As shown in Table 3.4-1, the COD meets the total amount index, but SO2 emission cannot meet the index of total load. 48 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 4. Analysis of the Technical Renovation Project. 4.1 Overview of the Technical Renovation Project 4.1.1 Basic Information of the Project (1) Project name: Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd., Technical Renovation Project of 51,000t Pulp ECF Bleaching System; (2) Project nature: technical renovation; (3) Scale and products: same as before; (4) Construction site and area coverage: in the existing plant site without adding new land; (5) Total investment: 67.49 million yuan; (6) Working system: 340-day a year, four groups for three shifts of 8-hours; (7) Timeframe: to be finished and put into operation within one year. 4.1.2 Component and Content of the Project Component and content of the project are listed in Table 4.1-1. Table 4.1-1 Component and content of the Technical renovation project S. No. Grade Content and items Production capacity Production 1 Before reform After reform workshop Bleaching Adding one-stage oxygen deoxydation Technical system, changing current CEH 1.1 Renovation of 150t/d 150t/d bleaching into ECF bleaching; chemical reed pulp 15x50m, 3 stories. workshop 2 Public works Oxygen generating 2.1 Adding 12x20=240 m2 Single story station Preparation of Matching with 150t/d chemical reed 2.2 Adding 1100m2 4 stories chlorine dioxide pulping capacity Sodium chlorate 2.3 adding 12x15=180m2 Single story warehouse 49 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 Plant site 3 construction 3.1 Master engineering Landscape 3.2 engineering Note: The Technical renovation project will be constructed at a new site but the existing bleaching workshop will be preserved for future use for inspection and maintenance or when trouble occurs. So there is no demolishment of buildings and facilities. Specific components of the Technical renovation include: 1. Chemical reed pulp workshop a. Target of Technical renovation  Reduce clean water consumption in the process of pulp washing; increase yield of black liquor extraction, concentration of dilute black liquor and pulp washing cleanliness; reduce pollution load of mid-course water; reduce water consumption to 52.2t/t pulp from current 70t/t pulp.  Change CEH bleaching to ECF bleaching; reduce the yield of AOX and dioxin, from current 3.45kg/t pulp to 0.71kg/t pulp.  Save water and energy; reduce emission and environmental pollution; upgrade product quality. b. Plan of Technical renovation The main purpose of this technical renovation is to reduce the AOX content in the bleaching wastewater. The yield of AOX in the process of bleaching is chiefly related to the lignin content of the unbleached pulp and the bleach used. Therefore, following aspects are considered in the plan.  Reducing lignin content in unbleached pulp The most effective method to reduce lignin content in unbleached pulp is adopting 50 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 oxygen delignification technology. Oxygen delignification is a kind of mature technology, which efficiency has become an indisputable fact in removing the residual lignin in pulp and reducing pollution load. Oxygen delignification is an important link in modern production of chemical bleached pulp, which can raise the yield of pulp with low kappa value and high whiteness, reduce consumption of bleaching agent, greatly lower the content of BOD5 and CODcr in bleaching wastewater, and therefore reduce the pollution load of emission and the investment and cost of wastewater treatment. With oxygen delignification, the delignification rate can reach up to 40% at least. Under this rate, the K value of unbleached pulp will drop from 12-13 to 7-8. The raise of delignification rate can increase the content of solid substance in black liquor by about 10% and therefore increase the steam yield of the alkali boiler. As estimated, the alkali boiler can raise the yield of 0.6Mpa steam by about 3t/h.  Using bleaching agent that generates less AOX The substitution reaction of chlorine, hypochlorite and lignin is main source of AOC, while other bleaching agents such as oxygen, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid and ozone generate just a little or even no AOX, because there is little or no substitution reaction with participation of elemental chlorine in their reaction with lignin. For this project, more suitable method is using chlorine dioxide as bleaching agent. In general, this project will add one-stage oxygen delignification system and change CEH bleaching as ECF bleaching. The advantage of the new bleaching technology O-D0-Eo-D1 is the stability, reliability and capacity to get pulp with high whiteness and high intensity. In comparison with existing chlorine bleaching technology, O-D0-Eo-D1 can reduce clean water consumption and bleaching wastewater discharge by at least 40% respectively. With ECF bleaching technology, the content of AOX in bleaching wastewater 51 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 will drop at least 85% and the toxicity of AOX almost disappear. 2. Chemicals preparation workshop a. ClO2 production ClO2 production mainly adopts two methods at present: reduction one and synthetic one. The reduction one is in priority in the world at present. Especially most of the developed regions and countries like Europe and the U.S. use reduction method. In recent years, China has introduced many complete sets of equipment and technologies for ClO2 production including above both methods but gives reduction method in priority. The raw material of reduction process is sodium chlorate (NaClO3) used as raw material to add methanol in sulfuric acid to get ClO2. Synthetic method requires electrolytic equipment. Power and chlorine need to be supplied in the process of production. The investment to the equipment for synthetic method is twice that for reduction method. The operation and maintenance are also more complicated. The energy consumption of synthetic method is far more than reduction, but the cost of production with the former is less than that of the later. Based on the situations of investment, raw material and energy supply, this project selects reduction method. b. Oxygen-making plant The common methods to make industrial oxygen include ASU and PSA. With ASU, the purity of oxygen can reach up to 99.7%. With PSA, the purity is 94%, which can entirely meet the requirement of technology. Therefore, this project will adopt PSA method to produce oxygen, not only meeting production requirement but also reducing equipment investment. In order to make the scale of oxygen-making plant match the capacity of the chemical 52 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 reed production line, a set of 1.2MPa air separation plant with oxygen production capacity of 200Nm3/h is selected. Sichuan Jinfu Paper Co., Ltd. already improved its pulping system with oxygen delignification and chlorine free bleaching system in 2011. As the operation improves, the reform project is well adaptable to the existing one in such aspects as cooking process, vacuum washing system and alkali processing capacity. No mismatching problem of equipment has been found. After technical renovation by adopting oxygen delignification and chlorine free bleaching system, AOX removal rate can reach 85%. The unit raw material consumption of end product will be reduced from 2.55t before the reform to 2.45t after the reform. Because the pulping capacity before and after the renovation has no change and the original cooking, alkali recovery, thermal power and papermaking sections have no change too, the output of the whole plant will no change after reform. 4.2 Brief Introduction to Process Flow 4.2.1 Chemical Reed Pulp Oxygen Delignification Section The pulp stuff from the washing and sieving section comes into the oxygen reaction tower through mid-density pump, steam heater and mid-density mixer. The pulp stuff from the blow tower will be washed in the 2-stage washing machine and then sent to the pulp storage tower. See following box and Figure 4-2. Pulp from washing and sieving section → mid-density pump → steam heater → mixer → deoxidizing tower → unloading tower →2-stage pulp washer → storage tower Flowchart of Oxygen delignification After the black liquor is extracted by washing, the pulp stuff enters into the vertical pipe of the oxygen delignification system and then is sent to the steam heater for heating. When 53 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 heated to 100℃, the stuff is sent into the mid-density mixer to mix with oxygen, and then enters into the oxygen reactor for oxygen delignification reaction (100~105℃, 0.5MPa). The NaOH is added in the last phase of vacuum washing, and the oxygen is added before entering into the mid-density mixer. The time of oxygen delignification reaction is 60min. When the reaction ends, the pulp stuff is sent to the oxygen blow pot for diluting on the bottom and then enters into the added 2-stage pressure sieve for closed sieving and purification. The sieved pulp stuff enters into the added two-series vacuum washing system for washing. The extracted dilute black liquor returns to the 4-series vacuum washing system, and the washed pulp stuff is sent to the bleaching system. The delignified washing water used by the vacuum washing machine is the bleaching water and discharged in EOP bleaching section and the white water from paper machine. 4.2.2 Chemical Reed Pulp Bleaching Section As a kind of excellent bleaching agent, chlorine dioxide has environmental advantage entirely different with chlorine. In the process of bleaching, both Cl2 and ClO2 can generate chlorinated organic substances. However, Cl2 is apt to integrate with lignin, while C1O2 would split lignin and generate water-soluble chlorinated organic substances quite like those chemicals already existing in the natural environment. Therefore, the content of dioxin and furan in ECF bleaching wastewater is very small. For pulp with same quality, ECF bleaching can greatly reduce total reactive halogen, total chlorophenol and other toxic substances in bleaching wastewater. The typical process flow of ECF bleaching is D1ooEoD1D2 or DIooEopDlD2. Another commonly used process is D/C-Eo-D, called short tri-stage + oxygen bleaching. It is used to bleach softwood or hardwood kraft pulp with the final whiteness over 87% ISO. O-D/C-Eo-D process is adding a stage of chlorine bleaching before D/C-Eo-D. It is used to bleach softwood kraft pulp with the final whiteness with the final whiteness up to 90%ISO. There are many kinds of ECF processes and many studies on them. There are also many plants using ozone bleaching processes, such as OZD (oxygen-ozone-ClO2), ODZ or ODEOZ etc. All of them can remarkably reduce wastewater pollution. For example, the Frankin plant of Union Camp Company of the U.S., using south pinewood as raw materials 54 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 and having a production capacity of 1,000t/d, adopts OZEOD process of ECF bleaching. The whiteness of the pulp is 83%~85%GE. The chemical reed pulp bleaching process of this project is D0-EO-D1: sending the bleached pulp to vacuum washing machine for washing; sending the washed bleached pulp to the existing storage tank; and then to the papermaking workshop. To reduce water consumption, the washing machine adopts back flushing process. Flowchart of chemical reed pulp bleaching is shown in Figure 4-2. The washed pulp stuff is heated up to 60℃ in the steam heater at D0 stage and then sent to the mid-density mixer at D0 stage. ClO2 is added before mixing. The mixed stuff enters into the bleaching tower at D0 stage for bleaching reaction for 45min and then enters into the vacuum washing machine (reserved equipment) at D0 stage for washing. The washed pulp is sent to EOP stage for further bleaching. The pulp washed at D0 stage is heated up to 85℃ in the steam heater at EOP stage and then enters into the mid-density mixer. H2O2 and NaOH are added before the mid-density pulp pump; O2 and mid-pressure steam are added before the mid-density mixer. The mixed pulp stuff reacts for 25min in the up-flow tower at EOP stage at first, and then enters into the down-flow tower at EOP stage to react for 95min. After reaction, the pulp stuff is sent to the vacuum washer (reserved equipment) at EOP stage for washing and then sent to D1 stage for further bleaching. The pulp washed at EOP stage is heated up to 75℃ in the steam heater at D1 stage and then enters into the mid-density mixer. O2 and mid-pressure steam are added before the mid-density mixer. The mixed pulp stuff reacts for 20min in the up-flow tower at D1 stage at first, and then enters into the down-flow tower at D1 stage to react for 160 min. After reaction, the pulp stuff dilutes at bottom of the tower and then is pumped to the vacuum washer (reserved equipment) at D1 stage for washing. The pulp stuff washed at D1 stage enters into the storage tower prepared for use in the paper workshop. The washing water in the vacuum washer at D1 stage (end of bleaching) is pulp 55 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 machine white water. The filter liquor is sent to the vacuum washer at D0 stage (1st state of bleaching) for washing. The washing water in the vacuum washer at EOP stage is the heat exchanging water from the cooking section. Except being used in pulp stuff diluting before these stages, all the filter liquor at D0 and EOP stages (bleaching wastewater) is sent to the wastewater treatment plant. Main technical parameters of the chemical reed pulp workshop are listed in Table 4.2-1: Table 4.2-1 Main Technical Parameters of the Chemical Reed Pulp Workshop S. No. Names of parameters Unit Quantity Remarks 1 Working days/year d/a 340 2 Working hours/day h/d 24 Output pulp concentration of 3 % 8~10 vacuum pulp washer Temperature of oxygen 4 ℃ 90 delignification Concentration of 5 % 10 oxygen-delignified pulp Reaction time of oxygen 6 min 60 delignification Pulp hardness after oxygen 7 Kappa 7~8 delignification 8 Temperature at D0 stage ℃ 70 9 Concentration at D0 stage % 10 10 Reaction time at D0 stage min 60 11 Temperature at EOP stage ℃ 85 12 Concentration at EOP stage % 10 13 Reaction time at EOP stage min 120 14 Temperature at D1 stage ℃ 70 15 Concentration at D1 stage % 10 16 Reaction time at D1 stage min 150 17 Yielding rate of bleached pulp % 42~43 18 Whiteness of bleached pulp %(ISO) 80~83 56 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 4.2.3 ClO2 Production With reduction method, NaClO3 solution, sulfuric acid and methanol are put respectively into the ClO2 generating system composed of reactor, reboiler, circular tube and circulating pump group. The generated ClO2 gas and steam come into ClO2 absorbing tower. Through spraying and absorbing of 7-10℃ cooling water, the ClO2 gas and steam react into ClO2 solution which will then be stored in the ClO2 storage tank, preparing to be sent to the bleaching section of the pulping workshop. The whole system runs under negative pressure. After washing, the residue gas and non-condensable gas are discharged by fan. The by-product mirabilite produced in the process of reaction is sent to existing alkali recovery workshop for use. This technical renovation project will add a set of 3t/d ClO2 production system to provide raw material for bleaching. The production will adopt SVP-LITE (R8 method) technology to reduce methanol into ClO2 under strong acid (sulfuric acid) condition with NaClO3 as material. The new technology has advantages of high output, continuous production and convenient operation. The production equipment of stable ClO2 solution with methanol as reduction agent includes reactor, condenser, absorption and negative pressure devices. With sodium chlorate as oxidant and methanol as reduction agent (material ratio: NaClO3/CH3OH=1/0.05~1), the ClO2 gas generated by reaction in sulfuric acid medium with concentration of 26%~33% added with successive dotting of methanol will be stabilized and absorbed with NaOH solution with concentration at 1%~3% (or Na2CO3 solution with concentration at 5%-8%) and H2O2 solution with concentration at 0.5%-1.5%. This device uses hydraulic injector to produce negative pressure of 99.3-100.5kPa, ensuring the reactor and absorbing unit to run under negative pressure. The circular absorption liquid is cooled with cooking water under necessary condition. With the temperature of the absorption liquid controlled under 30℃, stable ClO2 liquor can be finally produced with pH at 8.2-9.2 and ClO2 content over 2.0%. In comparison with the existing, the new technology of this project has following advantages: 57 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 continuous feeding of methanol, high utilization rate of raw materials, less investment and high ClO2 concentration. 1) Principles of ClO2 Production Reaction equation of R8 process: Main reaction:3NaClO3+2H2SO4+2/3CH3OH = 3ClO2+ Na3H(SO4)2+1/2HCOOH+7/3H2O+1/2CO2 Side reaction:3NaClO3+2H2SO4+3/2CH3OH = 3/2ClO2+3/4Cl2+ Na3H(SO4)2+9/2H2O+3/2CO2 Other side reactions also can happen when NaCl is brought in: 3NaClO3+3NaCl+4H2SO4=3ClO2+3/2Cl2+ 2Na3H(SO4)2+3H2O 2) Process flow of ClO2 production The production equipment will be supplied in complete set, including ClO2 reactor, ClO2 absorption tower, ClO2 residue gas washer, reactor reboiler, mirabilite filter, condenser, injector and fan etc. Among them, ClO2 reactor is the core device, also called generator (ClO2 gas)-crystallizer (sodium sulfate crystal). NaClO3 is dissolved in dissolving tank by adding water into 650g/l NaClO3 solution. After being clarified, the NaClO3 solution is pumped into the storage tank, and then the NaClO3 solution is filtered and sent to the reactor. The methanol will mix with water for dilution and then be sent to the reactor. The sulfuric acid also needs to be filtered before sent to the reactor. Three kinds of materials mixed with dosing pump according to ratio are fed successively into the reactor for reduction reactor. Reaction temperature is controlled at about 70℃, and pressure at 0.01-0.02MPa. The ClO2 gas generated through reaction is successively derived out from the top of the reactor. After condensed with intercooler (removing water vapor to increase concentration), the ClO2 gas is absorbed by chilled water in the absorption tower and then the ClO2 solution with a concentration of 10g/l is made out. The solution is then stored in the storage tank for the use of the pulping workshop as bleaching agent. Small amount of non-condensable gas is sent through vacuum system (steam jet pump) to the residue gas washing tower for treatment before discharged. 58 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 The concentrated crystal soda generated in reaction would form turbid solution at the bottom of the reactor, which would be successively extracted from the bottom of the reactor and then be sent to the dissolving tank through filter. This turbid solution will dissolve in warm water and be neutralized as saturated mirabilite liquor that will be pumped to the alkali recovery workshop. The filter liquor from the filter will turn back to the reactor for circular use so as to reduce drag losses. The vacuum system of the ClO2 reactor is a set of steam injector fitted with a condenser. In addition to keeping vacuum status of the ClO2 reactor, it is also used in drawing and filtering the concentrated crystal soda crystal liquor. The residue gas exhausting system of ClO2 liquid storage tank, ClO2 absorption tower, reactor feeding slot and mirabilite filter are connected to the ClO2 residue gas washing system. After the ClO2 residual gas is absorbed in chilled water, the rest will be emptied. The washing water is used as absorbing water. The residue gas washer will keep running even when the plant stops operation, so as to purify the residue gas exhausted from the ClO2 liquid storage tank. All the processing water generated in the process of ClO2 production will enter into the ClO2 solution and the by-product maturated mirabilite solution without out discharge. The wastewater, about 159/d, from ClO2 workshop is the cooled water discharged from the vacuum system (steam jet pump), which will be sent to the wastewater treatment plant. The pollutants mainly include COD 100mg/l. The refrigeration station is mainly equipped with steam compressed (displacement) refrigerating devices, mainly including compressor, condenser, throttle valve and evaporator. The four major devices are connected one by one with pipes into a closed system. The refrigerants circulate within the system, change their state and exchange heat with secondary refrigerants, so as to achieve the purpose of refrigeration. Technical flowchart of ClO2 production system and pollution generating links of the project are shown in Figure 4-1. 59 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 NaClO3 Refrigeration Non-cond ensable Vapour containing ClO2 Water Dissolving tank ClO2 gas gas Refrigerating water Intercooler Absorption tower Residue gas ClO2 reactor Condensing Water (70℃, 0.01~0.02MPa) water Discharging Residue gas gas ClO2 liquor storage tank methanol G5 washing reboiler 溶液贮槽 tower Extracting from sulfuricacid Circular tower bottom Steam liquor ClO2 sent to bleaching section Mid-presser Turbid NaClO3 liquor steam Gas washing water Vacuum filter Bleaching Injecting Back oabsorbing liquor pump tower Warm water Filtered substance NaOH Dissolving tank Clean water Direct cooling Pump-after cooler Non-condensable gas water 却用水 To alkali recovery workshop Cooling water W3 To wastewater Saturated mirabilite liquor station Figure 4-1 Flowchart of ClO2 Production Process after Reform and Pollutant Generating Links 4.2.4 Oxygen-making Plant One set of PAS oxygen making machine is selected. The flowchart is: air is filtered; fan blows the air into the adsorption tower from the bottom, activated aluminum oxide removes the water and CO2 molecules in the air; the air enters to the top of the tower fixed a feolite molecular sieve; when the air passes through the fixed sieve, the nitrogen molecules spreads in the solids of the molecular sieve under the effect of absorption; oxygen and argon atoms enter into the buffer tank; the oxygen and argon atoms are compressed to the necessary pressure with oxygen compressor and then sent to the pulping workshop for use. 60 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 Rough pulp Cooking rough pulp Rough pulp mixing tank Pulp stuff Reed Mid-density joints remover joints Shaking-frame Joints S2 节子 flat sieve Hot white water 4-series vacuum washing unit Sent to alkali recovery workshop after used Black liquor and heated in cooling section (backflow washing) W1 MgSO4+soda solution Air Blower 直接加热 蒸 汽 N2 gas Oxygen delignification heater Absorption tower Exhausting air Desorbe gas Oxygen delignification Mid-density mixer Oxygen Desorbing tower EOP stage used O2 Oxygen delignification reactor PAS oxygen making system Oxygen delignification injecting boiler Accepted pulp 2-stage pressure Washing tailings Pulp residues S3 Stage 1 pressurized screen sieve desander wastewate Diluted black liquor Oxygen Accepted pulp delignificati Accepted pulp onr 2-series vacuum washer Unbleached pulp Pulp concentration10% Bleaching steam Steam Pulp storage tank (heating directly ClO2solution D0 tower+vacuum washer Mid-course wastewater To treatment station W3 D1washing wastewater discharged Oxygen EOP waste water discharged H2O2+ soda solution EOP tower+vacuum washer Exchanging hot water at cooking sec. ClO2 solution D1 tower+vacuum washer Paper machine white water + Pulp concentration 10% clean water Bleached pulp Vertical storage tower Figure 4-1 Flowchart of Washing, Sieving and Bleaching after Renovation and Pollutant Generating Links 图 4-2 技改后洗筛漂工艺流程及产污环节图 61 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 4.3 Raw and Auxiliary Materials of the Technical Renovation Project Main raw materials and power consumption of chemical reed pulp workshop are listed in Table 4.3-1: Table 4.3-1 Main Raw Materials and Power Consumption of Chemical Reed Pulp Workshop Consumption index Annual consumption comparison per ton after reform between before and after reform S. No. Names Before Unit Quantity Unit After reform reform 1 Reed (moisture 10%) t 2.45 t 124950 130000 2 Cooking-used alkali kg 245 t 12495 12000 Including:NaOH(100%) kg 240 t 12240 11750 Na2S(100%) kg 5 t 255 250 3 Bleaching-used alkali kg 30 t 1530 1530 (NaOH100%) 4 Bleaching-used oxygen kg 16 t 816 0 5 Bleaching-used H2O2 (100%) kg 5 t 255 6000 6 ClO2 kg 17 t 867 0 7 MgSO4 kg 3 t 153 0 8 DTPA kg 1 t 51 51 9 Water m3 34 t 1965200 3352400 10 Power kwh 300 kwh 15300000 15000000 11 Steam t 2.45 t 124950 102673 Main raw materials and power consumption of chemicals production workshop are listed in Table 4.3-2 and Table 4.3-3: Table 4.3-2 Main Raw Materials and Power Consumption of ClO2 Production S. No. Names 1tClO consumption index 62 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 Unit Quantity 1 NaClO3 t 1.64 2 Methanol t 0.15 3 Sulfuric acid t 1 4 Power kWh 200 5 Steam t 5 Water (recycled) m3 155 6 Including: chilled water (7~10℃) m3 100 Cooling water (≤30℃) m3 55 By-product : mirabilite (purity 7 t 1.4 91%) Note: mirabilite, by-product of the project, will be sold out. Table 4.3-3 Main Raw Materials and Power Consumption of Oxygen-making Plant S. No. Names Unit Quantity Remarks Installed 1 Power 200 capacity kW 2 Water m3/h 0.67 3 Cooling water (≤30℃) m3/h 10 Recycled 4 Oxygen volume Nm3/h 200 Pressure 2bar 4.4 Main Constructions and Buildings The technical renovation project has a high requirement to the equipment and facilities. It is considered to select excellent new equipment from mature foreign and domestic manufacturers on the basis of making full use of the existing one. The key equipment will be introduced from abroad or made by joint-ventures, so as to ensure the quality and quantity of chemical reed pulp production, reduce investment and operation cost and get sound 63 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 economic and environmental protection results. The main new equipment selected is listed in Table 4.4-1, Table 4.4-2 and Table 4.4-3: Table 4.4-1 List of the Main Equipment Added to the Bleaching Section of Chemical Reed Pulp Workshop S.No. Names Specifications and types Quantity Remarks Bleaching section 170t/d 1-stage oxygen delignification system (including heater, Key parts will 1 1 set mixer, deoxidizing tower, blow be outsourced tower) D0 stage bleaching system Key parts will 2 (including heater, mixer, 1 set be outsourced bleaching tower) Eo stage bleaching system Key parts will 3 (including heater, mixer, Eo 1 set be outsourced tower) D1 stage bleaching system Key parts will 4 (including heater, mixer, 1 set be outsourced bleaching tower) 5 Central consistency pulp pump 4 sets Bleaching section vacuum pulp 2 6 2x80+3x55 m 5 sets washing machine 7 Tank 1 set 8 Pump 1 set Table 4.4-2 List of the Main Equipment for ClO2 Production S.No. Name of equipment Specifications Quantity Remarks 2 t/d 1 ClO2 generator ClO2 production scale: 1 3 t/d 2 Reboiler 1 3 Generator circulating pipe 1 4 Cooler 1 Home-made 5 ClO2 absorbing tower 1 6 Residue gas washer 1 7 Mirabilite suspension tank 1 8 Mirabilite suspension filter 1 Table 4.4-3 List of Main Equipment of Oxygen-making Plant 64 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 S.No. Name of equipment Specifications Quantity Remarks Scale of oxygen-making 1 Blower 1 plant:200Nm3/h 2 Absorption tower 2 3 Buffer tank 1 4 Vacuum pump 1 5 Oxygen compressor 1 Table 4.4-4 List of Main Back-up Equipment in Existing Washing and Bleaching Workshop after Reform S.No. Name of equipment Type Unit Quantity Remarks Vacuum washer ZND24 Set 2 Washing Shaking-frame flat Set 2 and sieve sieving Centrifugal sieve ZSL-4 Set 1 section Cone desander ZSC11 Set 30 Decker thickener ZW23 Set 2 Vacuum pulp Bleaching washer Corrugated board 20m2 Set 4 section Bleaching tower ZPT22 Set 2 Note: The Technical renovation project will be constructed at a new site but the existing bleaching workshop will be preserved for future use for inspection and maintenance or when trouble occurs. So there is no demolishment of buildings and facilities. 4.5 Plane Layout Works of this project include: bleaching section of the chemical reed pulping workshop, ClO2 production facility, oxygen-making plant and NaClO3 warehouse. According to above principle of arrangement and the content of the project, the general plane layout is as follows: The new bleaching section of the reform project will be constructed on the south side of the existing bleaching section. The ClO2 production workshop will be arranged on the south side of the new bleaching section. Oxygen-making plant and NaClO3 warehouse will be reconstructed in the abandoned pulping workshop. In general, with rational technical process, this program can improve the quality of the existing production line and optimize the environment of the plant site. 65 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 According to the information provided by the proprietor, the landscape of the project site is rather plain. The elevation of the floor level can follow that of the neighboring buildings. The rainwater will be drained through underground pipelines. The rainwater will converge along the road and then flow into the underground drainage pipe through rain mouth. The newly constructed underground pipe will be connected with the existing drainage system of the plant site. The detailed plane layout is as shown in Figure 4.5-1. Figure 4.5-1 Location of the Project Site 66 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 4.6 Public Works and Auxiliary Facilities 4.6.1 Water Supply and Drainage (1) Water supply works The actual water consumption of the whole plant’s production operation is about 11,505m3/d. The capacity of the water supply works still has a surplus of 38,495m3/d. This project is planned to use the state-encouraged technologies including low-pollution pulping technology, mid-density technology, ECF bleaching technology and closed water circulating technology. According to the materials provided for the project, this technical renovation project can reduce clean water consumption by about 1,404 m3/d (11505-10101), instead of increasing the consumption. So, there is no consideration to construct new water supply facility for this project. The water needed by the project will be supplied by the existing plant. At present, the existing plant site has established office room and onsite and inside water supply pipe networks. The water supply system supply the whole plant’s process water and fire-fighting water. Because this is a renovation project constructed in the existing plants or field, all the newly added water supply systems will be connected with the existing ones and make full use of the existing water supply pipe network. The plus or minus water consumption of the involved workshops before and after the Technical renovation is shown in Table 4.6-1. Table 4.6-1 Plus or minus water consumption of involved workshops before and after Technical renovation Water consumption Before Technical After Technical renovation renovation Water Nature of consuming water Plus or minus S.No. sectors consumption Whole Whole Unit Unit of daily day day m3/t m3/t consumption 3 3 m /d m /d m3/d Pulping 1 Process water 58 6700 34 5100 -1600 workshop 67 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 Oxygen-making 2 Process water 16 16 plant 3 ClO2 preparation Process water 180 180 4 Subtotal Process water 6700 5296 -1404 Note: This table only lists the water consumption of the pulping workshop, ClO2 production and oxygen-making plant. (2) Drainage works This project plans to use the state-encouraged technologies including low-pollution pulping technology, mid-density technology, ECF bleaching technology and closed water circulating technology. This project will draw on the reference of domestic and overseas paper industries to prevent and control pollutants from their sources so as to avoid or reduce outside workload of pollution abatement. After this Technical renovation project completed, the water discharge volume would decrease by 1,016 m3/d instead of increasing. Moreover, the pollution load of the wastewater would drop. When this project is completed, the total volume of the need-to-be-treated wastewater discharged from the whole plant will be 7,834 m3/d. Therefore, new wastewater treatment plant is not considered in this project. All the wastewater can be treated by the existing treatment station and attain discharge standard. A present, the drainage system of the existing plant adopts rainwater/sewage division technology. The production wastewater and domestic sewage would be treated in the wastewater treatment plant before discharged into the Caowei River. Rainwater flows into the channel on the east side through rainwater pipe network and then to the Caowei River. The program to deal with the additional rainwater and sewage caused by this Technical renovation project is as follows: After being primarily treated in the septic tank, the domestic sewage will be sent through the sewer of the plant site to the existing wastewater treatment plant for treatment. The treated domestic sewage would be finally discharged in to the Caowei River after attaining standard. Other clear production wastewater can be drained into the nearby rainwater pipes and finally to the Caowei River. Plus or minus wastewater discharge of the involved workshops before and after the technical renovation is shown in Table 4.6-2. The water supply and drainage balance after the technical renovation is shown in Table 4.6-1 68 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 Table 4.6-2 Plus or minus wastewater discharge volume of involved workshops before and after Technical renovation Discharge volume Before Technical After Technical renovation Discharging Nature of renovation S.No. sector wastewater Whole Whole Daily plus or Unit Unit day day minus m3/t m3/t m3/d m3/d m3/d Bleaching Process 1 37.3 5595 29.46 4420 -1175 workshop water Cooling 2 ClO2 production 159 159 water 3 4579 -1016 Subtotal Note: Above table only involves water consumption of the pulping workshop and ClO2 production. 69 林源纸业 5.1 万吨制浆 ECF 漂白项目改造工程 500 3150 3100 Alkali recovery workshop 7520 1200 230 1650 5100 4420 Pulping workshop 0 25000m3/d wastewater treatment 7834 175 plant 草尾河 175 4500 White water Paper-making workshop recovery system 4500 Chemical wastewater120 576 24 720 600 Clean water direct Industrial desalted Thermal power discharge water plant 43200 672 Condensate water 624 720 Cooling circular water of 48 Clean water direct thermal power plant discharge 16 16 Oxygen-making 159 21 180 ClO2 preparation 40 5 35 Septic water 35 Domestic water Water supply treatment station 10101 Figure 4.6-1 Water Supply and Drainage Balance of the Whole Plant After Technical Renovation unit: m3/d 70 4.6.2 Power Supply The transformer in existing pulping workshop still has a capacity surplus of 750kVA. When the new line put into operation, part of the existing load, about 600kW, will be stopped. So, there is no need to add new transformer for this technical renovation, but just adding some MCC switch cabinets. This technical renovation is planned to build a low-voltage distribution room in the new bleaching section. The distribution room is sited at the north of the new workshop. The power is connected from the existing transformer, which will supply the whole load increased for this project. 4.6.3 Heat Supply This project only needs a light increase of steam consumption, just about 2.4t/h. The oxygen delignification system adopted in this technical renovation can raise delignification rate, increase the amount of black liquor solid and raise steam output of alkali boiler. As estimated, the output of 0.6Mpa steam would increase 3t/h. Therefore, when this technical renovation is completed, Linyuan Paper would have sufficient steam to meet their demand. There is no need to construct new heat supply facility for the project, and there is no need for the existing thermal power plant to increase coal consumption. Steam pipeline can be connected from the mid-pressure system of existing intermittent cooking section. 4.7 Analysis of Pollution Sources 4.7.1 Analysis of Wastewater Pollution Sources 1. Wastewater from ClO2 workshop The processing water produced in the process of ClO2 production entirely enters into the ClO2 solution and the by-product maturated mirabilite solution without out discharge. The wastewater from ClO2 workshop, about 159/d, is cooled water discharged from the vacuum system (steam jet pump), which will be sent to the wastewater treatment plant. The pollutants mainly include COD 100mg/l. 2. Mid-course wastewater The (new) bleaching system of the project will add one-stage oxygen delignification system and change current hypochlorite bleaching as ECF bleaching. The advantage of the new bleaching technology O-D0-Eo-D1 is the stability, reliability and capacity to get pulp with high whiteness and high intensity. Mid-density technology will be used in the whole process after the technical renovation and the bleaching process will adopt the advanced mid-density ECF technology instead of the chlorine technology. In comparison with the existing chlorine bleaching technology, clean water consumption will reduce at least 1,400t/d and the discharge of bleaching wastewater will reduce at least 1,000t/d. When ECF bleaching technology is used, the content of AOX in pulp bleaching wastewater will drop 85% in average and attain the standard for discharge. Table 4.7-1 List of AOX and Dioxin Output and Standard Attainment of Chemical Reed Pulp Bleaching System Before and After the Reform Items Bleaching Whiteness AOX output Dioxin output GB3544-2008 requirement for the process second timeframe ( pgTEQ/t (%ISO) (kg/t pulp) (pgTEQ/lL) pulp) AOX(mg/l) Dioxin (pgTEQ/L) Before CEH 80~83 3.46~4.5 ﹥30 12 30 reform (over standard) After O-D0-EO-D1 80~83 0.35~0. 68 ﹤5 reform (within standard) Note: The data of AOX and dioxin refer to their concentration in pulping workshop. With improvement of technical process in this reform project, water discharge will see a decrease of 1,016m3/d instead of increase. When the project completed, the wastewater need to be out discharge will be 7,834m3/d. Table 4.7-2 Discharge of Main Wastewater Pollutants Before and After the Technical renovation Pollutant Expected Expected GB3544-2008 discharge Pollutant Pollutant concentration discharge Table 2 volume of discharge discharge of pollutant concentration existing increment of volume of the discharge of the of the whole Category of project the Technical whole plant whole plant plant after pollutants (t/a) renovation after the reform after the reform the reform project project project project (t/d) (t/a) implemented completed (mg/l) Wastewater / 300.9 -34.7 266.2 (10000m3/a) Wastewater per / 60t/t(pulp) unit of products 59 -6.8 52.2 (m3/t) CODCr 269.3 -32.3 237 89 81.8 90 BOD5 50.55 -3.94 46.61 17.5 17 20 SS 72.22 -12.29 59.93 22.5 24.5 30 NH3-N 23.11 -2.01 21.1 7.92 7.3 8 AOX 175.73 -139.62 36.11 12 / 12 Note: The data of AOX refer to the wastewater of the pulping workshop. All the pollutant discharge in the table is coming from the pulping workshop. As shown in Table 4.7-2, the wastewater discharge of the whole plant can reduce 347,000t/a after the technical renovation completed, and the AOX content in the wastewater will reduce to 36.11t/a from 175.73t/a before the reform. The AOX concentration of the wastewater from the pulping workshop will reduce to 12mg/l from 58.4mg/l before the renovation. After reform, the major pollution elements listed in above table will be treated in the wastewater treatment plant and attain the standard of discharge. After the technical renovation, the comprehensive wastewater volume of the whole plant will be 7834m3/d. The discharge volume per product (pulp) unit will be 52.2m3/t, reducing 6.8m3/t from the 59m3/t before reform, within the limit of 60m3/t oven dry pulp listed in Table 2 of the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008). 4.7.2 Analysis of Pollution Sources The process waste gas generated and discharge from this project includes washing, sieving and bleaching waste gas and ClO2 production residue gas. See the following table for the situation of non-fugitive waste gas generated and discharged by this project. Table 4.7-3 Waste Gas Generation and Discharge of the Technical renovation Project Sources and Workshop Main pollutants Main control measures Discharge names Volume: 500m3/h Residue gas of Flue gas volume: 500m3/h, Absorbed in the cooling tank of the ClO2 Standard discharge absorption main pollutants: ClO2 steam injecting pump before discharged workshop through 30m exhaust tower and methanol. through a 30m exhaust stack. stack. A gas-collecting channel will be installed to collect the waste gas Washing, discharged from the processing system volume:2000m3/h Small quantity of odor Pulping sieving and and send them to the spraying washing standard discharged generated in the process of workshop bleaching waste tower for purifying before discharged through 15m exhaust bleaching and sieving. through the 15m exhaust stack according stack. gas to the standard. Waste gas collection rate: >90%, purification rate: ≥90%. Estimation of fugitive exhaust emission volume from the pulping workshop in the above table: According to relevant statistics in the industry, the volume of H2S generated in the process of cooking is estimated according to the rate of 0-0.01kg/t pulp. This project adopts 0.0065kg/t pulp. The output volume will be 0.04kg/h (0.33t/a). The process waste gas will be collected by the gas-collecting channel and then be sent to the water spraying washing tower for purifying before attaining standard and being discharged through the 15m exhaust stack. Waste gas collection rate >90%; purification rate ≥90%; after-treatment unorganized discharge volume = 0.004kg/h (0.033t/a). Only a little volume of steam, about 2.4t/h, needs to be increased for this project. Because this project adopts oxygen delignification technology, the delignification rate will improve, the volume of black liquor solids will increase, and the steam output of the alkali boiler will increase too. As estimated, the output of 0.6Mpa steam of the alkali boiler will increase about 3t/h. Current output of the alkali boiler is 20t/h. As shown by the monitoring results listed in Table 3.3-3, after the Technical renovation completed, the increment of pollutant discharge of the alkali boiler is as follows: flue gas will increase 0.375kg/h, SO 2 will increase 0.18kg/h, and NOx will increase 0.82kg/h. 4.7.3 Analysis of Noise Pollution Sources There will be only a little difference of the noise source and noise intensity of the equipment before and after the Technical renovation. The noise sources mainly include cooking exhaust, air compressor, vacuum pump and water pump. The noise sources and intensity of main equipment of the project are listed in following table: Table 4.7-4 Noise Sources and Intensity of Main Noise-Generating Equipment of the Project Unit: dB(A) Workshop of section Noise source Noise level circulating pump, pulp pump 85-90 Pulping workshop pressure sieve 86 air compressor 90~100 ClO2 workshop Steam jet pump, water pump 85~95 ClO2 4.7.4 Analysis of Solid Wastes There is no obvious change of the solid waste before and after the Technical renovation. See Table 3.3-5 for detail. 4.8 Overview of Main Pollutant Discharge before and after Technical Renovation General situation of pollutant discharge of whole plant before and after the technical renovation is shown in Table 4.8-1: 1) After the technical renovation, the wastewater discharge volume of the whole plant will reduce by 347,000t/a, and the AOX content in the wastewater will reduce to 36.11t/a from 175.73t/a before the renovation. The AOX concentration of the wastewater from the pulping workshop will reduce to 12mg/l from 58.4mg/l before the reform. After reform, the major pollution elements will be treated in the wastewater treatment plant and attain the standard of discharge. 2) Because there is no increment of coal consumption after the technical renovation, there will be no change of the volume of SO2, NOX and dust in the boiler waste gas. Table 4.8-1 Comparison of Main Pollutant Discharge Before and After Technical Renovation Total pollutant discharge volume Pollutant discharge Pollutant discharge of the whole plant volume of the Categories of pollutants volume of existing after the reform proposed project project (t/a) and expansion (t/a) project completed (t/a) Volume 300.9 -34.7 266.2 (10000m3/a) Volume per product unit 59 -6.8 52.2 (m3/t-products) Wastewater CODCr 269.3 -32.3 237 BOD5 55.06 -8.45 46.61 SS 72.22 -12.29 59.93 NH3-N 23.11 -2.01 21.1 AOX 175.73 -139.62 36.11 Volume 146690 0 146690 (10000m3/h) Waste gas SO2 673.4 0. 673.2 NOx 184.20 0 184.20 Flue and dust 126.4 0 126.4 Reed residues 7820(ovenn dry) 0 7820(oven dry) waste pulp and 1600(oven dry) 0 1600(oven dry) paper waste polyester 1 0 1 mesh Green mud 340(oven dry) 0 340(oven dry) Solid wastes lime stone residues 1500(oven dry) 0 1500(oven dry) White mud 3015(oven dry) 0 3015(oven dry) residues Sludge 2600(oven dry) 0 2600(oven dry) coal ash slag, desulfurizing 9124 0 9124 residues Total 26000 0 26000 5 Investigation and Assessment of Current Environment Quality The monitoring data adopted by this report is based on Environment Impact Report on Added Annual 98,000 Tons of Bleached Reed Pulp and Papermaking Expansion Project of Hunan Lin Yuan Paper Co., Ltd., conducted by Yiyang Environmental Monitoring Station in August 2010. 5.1 Investigation of Pollution Sources in Assessed Region The investigation of current status has suggested that besides Lin Yuan Paper Co., Ltd., the major industrial pollution source in the assessed region (Yuanjiang Xin Yuan Textile Co., Ltd. has been shut down), the rest of the pollution sources come from the scattered sewage of the rural residents. 5.2 Monitoring and Assessment of Current Status of Surface Water Quality (1) Assessment Factor The assessment factors of surface water quality mainly include: pH, chroma, SS, COD, BOD5 as well as ammonia nitrogen. (2) Monitoring Section The setting and location of the monitoring sections for this project can be seen in Table 5.2-1 and Figure 5.2-1 respectively. Table 5.2-1 Setting of Surface Water Quality Monitoring Sections No. River Section Location Sampling Points about 500m away from S1 upstream of the project outfall Each section has three sampling Caowei River’s entrance Caowei River verticals respectively on the left, into Dongting Lake, about middle and right side. S2 3500m from the downstream of the project outfall about 500m from the upstream of Caowei S3 River’s entrance into Dongting Lake Each section only has one sampling Dongting Lake about 2000m from the vertical downstream of Caowei S4 River’s entrance into Dongting Lake (3) Monitoring Frequency The continuous sampling is carried out for three consecutive days from August 13 th to 15th, 2012 under the relative national regulations on sampling methods and determination of the hydrological parameters. (4) Monitoring Result and Assessment The monitoring results of current surface water quality are shown in Table 5.2-2. It can be seen that all monitoring items at four monitoring sections meet the requirement of class 3 water quality standard in Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002). Linyuan Mill Figure 5.2-1 Drainage Map and Sketch Map of Monitoring Points of Current Air and Surface Water Quality Table 5.2-2 Monitoring Results of Current Surface Water Quality during August 13 to 15, 2012 Unit: mg/L (pH value dimensionless) Ammonia pH COD BOD5 SS Chroma Nitrogen Sectio Item Monitoring Date Ri n Middl Mid Mid Righ Middl Mid Righ Lef Middl Left Right Left Right Left Left Right Left gh e dle dle t e dle t t e t August 13 7.55 7.83 7.97 12.8 12.1 13.4 2.1 2.1 2.3 0.008 0.088 0.136 22 24 21 20 20 20 Monitoring Value August 14 7.51 7.80 7.95 13.4 11.4 12.8 1.9 2.3 2.4 0.148 0.100 0.124 24 22 25 20 20 20 August 15 7.53 7.84 7.92 14.1 11.4 12.8 2 2.2 2.3 0.136 0.106 0.118 25 23 22 20 20 20 S1 Over Standard / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Rate % Maximum Over / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / standard Multiples August 13 7.83 7.97 7.95 15.5 14.8 14.1 2.8 2.6 2.6 0.045 0.027 0.07 22 27 25 20 20 20 Monitoring Value August 14 7.80 7.94 7.93 14.8 16.1 14.1 2.9 2.6 2.7 0.058 0.0145 0.082 26 22 21 20 20 20 August 15 7.83 7.96 7.95 14.8 15.5 13.4 3 2.5 2.7 0.064 0.039 0.088 24 21 20 20 20 20 S2 Over Standard / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Rate % Maximum Over / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / standard Multiples August 13 7.92 16.1 1.8 0.894 67 15 Monitoring Value August 14 7.95 16.1 1.9 0.876 63 15 August 15 7.93 16.1 2 0.870 66 15 S3 Over Standard / / / / / Rate % Maximum Over / / / / / standard Multiples August 13 7.66 15.5 2.3 0.906 59 20 Monitoring Value August 14 7.61 14.8 2.4 0.924 62 20 S4 August 15 7.63 15.5 2.4 0.918 60 20 Over Standard / / / / / / Rate % Maximum Over / / / / / / standard Multiples GB3838-2002 Class 3 6~9 20 4 1 / / 5.3 Monitoring and Assessment of Current Status of Groundwater Quality (1) Monitoring Points In order to further investigate and assess the current environmental quality of the groundwater within the assessed area, two monitoring points are set in the vicinity of this project, which were Water Plant of Luhu Town (well water) and the household of Mao Changheng. The locations of the monitoring points can be seen in Figure 5.3-1. (2) Monitoring Factor The monitoring factors of groundwater quality mainly include: pH, CODMn, ammonia nitrogen, total hardness, chloride, volatile phenols, nitrate and nitrite. (3) Monitoring Period and Sampling Frequency Yiyang Environmental Monitoring Center was responsible to monitor the above factors for three consecutive days and took sample once a day. (4) Monitoring Result and Assessment The monitoring results of current groundwater environment quality are shown in Table 5.3-1. From the table, it can be seen that all the monitoring factors of groundwater at each monitoring point meet the grade 3 water quality standard set in Quality Standard for Ground Water (GB/T14848-93). Table 5.3-1 Monitoring Results of Current Groundwater Environment Quality Unit: mg/L(pH value dimensionless) Ammo Total Monitoring Monitorin nia Chlorid Volatile Item pH CODMn Hardne Nitrate Nitrite Points g Date Nitroge e Penol ss n August 13 7.69 1.48 0.025L 209 0.313 0.001L 0.7 0.02L Monito ring August 14 7.65 1.5 0.025L 211 0.304 0.001L 0.66 0.02L Value August 15 7.66 1.51 0.025L 212 0.307 0.001L 0.67 0.02L Over Standar / / / / / / / / d Water Plant of Rate % Luhu Town Maxim um Over standar / / / / / / / / d Multipl es Household of Monito August 13 7.23 0.77 0.191 141 0.252 0.001L 0.04L 0.02L Mao ring August 14 7.20 0.75 0.209 142 0.216 0.001L 0.04L 0.02L Changheng Value August 15 7.21 0.75 0.191 143 0.211 0.001L 0.04L 0.02L Over Standar / / / / / / / / d Rate % Maxim um Over standar / / / / / / / / d Multipl es GB/T14848-93 Class 6.5~8.5 3 0.2 450 250 0.002 20 0.02 Ⅲ (Note: L means negative) Linyuan Mill Figure 5.3-1Sketch Map of Monitoring Points of Noise and Groundwater Quality 5.4 Monitoring and Assessment of Current Ambient Air Quality (1) Monitoring Points North wind is the annual prevailing wind direction in the assessed area. Six monitoring points for ambient air quality were set around the plant site in consideration of the upwind, downwind direction, as well as the population density. Their specific locations can be seen in Table 5.4-1 and Figure 5.2-1. Table 5.4-1 Monitoring Points of Current Ambient Air Quality From the Plant Site Monitoring Item Monitoring Item NO. Name Position Distance (Hour value) (Daily Average) G1 Yongjiao Villiage Committee N 3km G2 Lingguanxiang Middle School W 6km Chapanzhou Township G3 SW 8km SO2, TSP, PM10, Government SO2, NO2 NO2 G4 Qingtanxiang Zhongshan Village S 10km Quyuan Directorial Area 3rd G5 E 7.5km Field 4th Team SO2, NO2, NH3, SO2, TSP, PM10, G6 Lu Lake High School E 400m Cl2, H2S NO2 (2) Monitoring Factor Monitoring factors at G1 to G5 monitoring points include SO 2, NO2, TSP and PM10; and monitoring factors at G6 were SO 2, NO2, TSP, PM10, NH3, H2S and Cl2. In addition, various meteorological parameters at each monitoring points including temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, wind direction, wind speed, total cloud cover and lo w cloud cover should be observed simultaneously. (3) Monitoring Period and Frequency Monitoring factors including SO2, NO2, TSP and PM10 were monitored for seven consecutive days; and NH3, H2S and Cl2 for three consecutive days. The hour concentration (four times a day) and daily average concentration of SO 2 and NO2 were monitored; the hour concentration of TSP, PM 10, NH3, H2S and Cl2 were monitored four times a day. (4) Sampling and Analyzing Method The sampling methods of this project follow Technical Specification for Environmental Monitoring (Ambient Air part), and the analyzing methods follow the regulations in Table 2 of Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB3095-1996). (5) Assessment Standard According to the official reply of Yiyang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau on the executive standard of this environmental impact assessment, Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB3095-1996) and the class 2 standard in its modified list (within which NO2 should comply with the modified value of Environmental Development [2000] No.1 Decree) were adopted. Hygienic Standard of Industrial Enterprise Design (TJ36-79) was adopted for the measurement of the maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in the atmosphere in dwelling district. The specific standard value can be seen in Table 5.4-2. Table 5.4-2 Assessment Standard of Ambient Air Quality Unit: mg/m3 Item SO2 NO2 PM10 TSP H2S Cl2 NH3 Hourly Concentrat 0.5 0.24 / / 0.01 0.1 0.2 ion Daily Average 0.15 0.12 0.15 0.30 / / / Concentrat ion Standard Ambient Air Quality Standards Hygienic Standard of Industrial Enterprise Source (GB3095-1996) Secondary Standard Design (TJ36-79) (6) Monitoring Result The monitoring results of ambient air quality are shown in Table 5.4-3 and 5.4-4. It can be seen from the tables that the daily average concentration of SO2, NO2, PM10 and TSP at each monitoring point meet the secondary standard of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-96). Among them, the daily average concentration of SO2 is 27.3% below the standard value, NO2, 29.3%, PM10, 72.7% and TSP, 68%. The hourly concentration of SO2 and NO2 at each monitoring point also satisfies the class 2 standard of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-96) with the hourly concentration of SO2 and NO2 being 13% and 18.8% below the standard value respectively. The monitoring results of NH3, H2S and Cl2 at Lu Lake Middle School are in accordance with the regulations in Hygienic Standard of Industrial Enterprise Design on maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in the atmosphere in dwelling district. Thus it can be seen that the ambient air quality in the assessed area is quite satisfactory. Table 5.4-3 Monitoring Results of Daily Average Concentration of Ambient Air Quality Effecti Over Maxim Percentage Assess ve Standa um Monitoring Concentration of the ment Pollutant Sample rd Over Points Range Standard Standa Numbe Rate Standar (%) rd rs (%) d Multipl es Yongjiao Village 7 0.029~0.041 19.3~27.3 / / Committee Lingguanxiang 7 0.027~0.042 18~28 / / Middle School Chapanzhou Town 7 0.030~0.040 20~26.7 / / Government SO2 0.15 (mg/m3) Qingtanxiang mg/m3 7 0.025~0.036 16.7~24 / / Zhongshan Village Quyuan Directorial Area 3rd Field 4th 7 0.023~0.030 15.3~20 / / Team Lu Lake High 7 0.036~0.044 24~29.3 / / School Yongjiao Village Committee 7 0.019~0.025 15.8~20.8 / / Lingguanxiang Middle School 7 0.015~0.025 12.5~20.8 / / Chapanzhou Town Government 7 0.015~0.022 12.5~18.3 / / NO2 0.12 Qingtanxiang (mg/m3) Zhongshan Village 7 0.015~0.021 12.5~17.5 / / mg/m3 Quyuan Directorial Area 3rd Field 4th 7 0.015~0.024 12.5~20 / / Team Lu Lake High School 7 0.020~0.029 16.7~24.2 / / Yongjiao Village Committee 7 0.095~0.117 63.3~78 / / Lingguanxiang Middle School 7 0.093~0.104 62~69.3 / / Chapanzhou Town Government 7 0.089~0.103 59.3~68.7 / / PM10 0.15 Qingtanxiang (mg/m3) Zhongshan Village 7 0.092~0.109 61.3~72.7 / / mg/m3 Quyuan Directorial Area 3rd Field 4th 7 0.080~0.097 53.3~64.7 / / Team Lu Lake High School 7 0.098~0.122 65.3~81.3 / / Yongjiao Village Committee 7 0.159~0.195 53~65 / / Lingguanxiang Middle School 7 0.152~0.173 50.7~57.7 / / Chapanzhou Town Government 7 0.149~0.171 49.7~57 / / TSP 0.30 Qingtanxiang (mg/m3) Zhongshan Village 7 0.154~0.182 51.3~60.7 / / mg/m3 Quyuan Directorial Area 3rd Field 4th 7 0.134~0.168 44.7~56 / / Team Lu Lake High School 7 0.164~0.204 54.7~68 / / Table 5.4-4 Monitoring Results of Hourly Concentration of Ambient Air Quality Max Effect imu Over ive Percentage m Standa Assessme Monitoring Sampl Concentration of the Over Pollutant rd nt Points e Range Standard Stan Rate Standard Numb (%) dard (%) ers Mult iples Yongjiao Village Committee 28 0.043~0.065 8.6~13 / / Lingguanxiang Middle School 28 0.041~0.061 8.2~12.2 / / Chapanzhou Town 28 0.041~0.063 8.2~12.6 / / 3 0.5 SO2 (mg/m ) Government Qingtanxiang 28 0.042~0.063 8.4~12.6 / / mg/m3 Zhongshan Villiage Quyuan Directorial Area 28 0.047~0.064 9.4~12.8 / / 3rd Field 4th Team Lu Lake High School 28 0.045~0.068 9~13.6 / / Yongjiao Village Committee 28 0.027~0.038 11.25~15.8 / / Lingguanxiang Middle School 28 0.024~0.041 10~17.1 / / Chapanzhou 28 0.0241~0.037 10~15.4 / / 0.24 NO2 (mg/m3) Town Qingtanxiang Government mg/m3 28 0.021~0.034 8.7~14.2 / / Zhongshan Quyuan Villiage Directorial Area 28 0.021~0.035 8.7~14.6 / / 3rd Field 4th Team Lu Lake High 28 0.024~0.045 10~18.8 / / School NH3(mg/m3) 12 0.015 7.5 / / 0.2mg/m3 Lu Lake High H2S(mg/m3) 12 0.0005 5 / / 0.01mg/m3 School Cl2(mg/m3) 12 0.015 15 / / 0.1mg/m3 5.5 Monitoring and Assessment of Current Acoustic Environment Quality (1)Monitoring Points There are seven noise monitoring points in this project. The location, period, item and method of the monitoring can be seen in Table 5.5-1 and Figure 5.3-1. Table 5.5-1 Monitoring Points of Current Acoustic Environment Quality Monit Monitoring Monitoring No. oring Location Monitoring Method Period Item Point Eastern Boundary of the 1 N1 Plant Site Once each The measurement of Southern Boundary of the day and Equivalent 2 N2 noise was conducted Plant Site night for continuous A under the Environmental Western Boundary of the two sound level 3 N3 Quality Standard for Plant Site consecutive Leq, dB (A) Noise (GB3096-2008) Northern Boundary of the days 4 N4 Plant Site Dwelling District, 100m 5 N5 away from the Eastern Side of the Plant Site 6 N6 Lu Lake Middle School Wharf of Linyuan Paper 7 N7 Co., Ltd. (2)Assessment Standard The grade 2 standard of Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) was adopted for the assessment near the plant boundary, namely 60dB (A) in daytime and 50dB (A) in nighttime. (3) Monitoring Results It can be seen from the monitoring results that the noise of day and night at each monitoring point near the plant boundary meet the requirement of grade 2 standard of Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008). The table of the results is shown as follow. Table 5.5-2 Monitoring of Acoustic Environment Quality and Assessment Results Unit: Leq [dB (A)] Monitoring Point Daytime Standard Value Nighttime Standard Value Eastern Boundary 48.5 37.3 of the Plant Site Southern Boundary of the 41.3 32.5 Plant Site Western Boundary 47.1 34.2 of the Plant Site Northern Boundary of the 37.9 31.2 60 50 Plant Site Lu Lake Middle 39.2 32 School Dwelling District of the Eastern 50.3 41 Boundary of the Plant Site Wharf of Linyuan 45.7 33.5 Paper Co., Ltd. 6 Environmental Impact Prediction and Assessment 6.1 Environmental Impact and Prediction during the Construction Period This project has been constructed within the existing plant area without acquisition of new land. The environmental impacts of the proposed project during construction period are mainly manifested in the following areas: (1) the dismantling of obsolete equipment, the land formation of the site, the excavation work and the construction of structures may bring about damages to part of the local ecological environment and ecological landscape; (2) the operation of construction machinery and the flow of transport vehicles will lead to certain impact on the acoustic environment around the construction area; (3) the airborne dust in construction worksites will have an adverse impact on local air quality of the nearby area; and (4) the discharge of construction wastewater and domestic sewage at the worksites will cause a certain pollution to the shallow groundwater and surface water environment of the pollutant carrying water body in the construction area. 1) The Analysis of Ecological Environmental Impact during Construction Period The project construction (mainly the various structures and buildings) will cause a certain degree of damage to the existing landscape and land surface, but these damages are relatively weak and temporary. Along with the completion of parts of civil works and the implementation of afforestation recovery measures at construction area, the damages of ecological environment caused by the construction will be eliminated. After planting trees, grass and flowers according to the plant site afforestation index, the bare area will be reduced and the ecological landscape will be improved. Since the construction work carried out during days with heavy rain is apt to cause small-scale soil erosion, it is recommended that the construction institutions take measures to optimize the construction program and avoid earth-rock excavation in rainy seasons, thus minimizing the impacts of construction phase on local water and soil erosion. 2) The Analysis of Noise Impact during Construction Period The noise sources of the proposed project include: the stationary noise sources using construction machinery such as demolition, excavation works, piling, concrete works, structures (buildings) masonry, site clearance and repair, as well as the mobile noise sources caused by the construction transportation vehicles. Among them, the major impact comes from the stationary source noises on the construction site, such as bulldozer, agitator, vibrator, etc., with the strength of sound source being 85 ~ 95dB. According to relevant analysis and calculation, compared to Noise Limits for Construction Site (GB12523-90) clearly formulated by the State Council, it can be concluded that the excessive machinery noises of construction during daytime within a range of about 100m has little impact on the surroundings, while the noises during nighttime will cause adverse impact on areas within a range of 300m. It is recommended that low-noise equipment be selected wherever possible, the construction time be rationally arranged, night construction work be avoided, and effective measures be taken to control the noises at the construction sites. ①The construction time, period, schedule, and the purchase time of construction raw materials should be thoughtfully arranged, systematically planned and regularly performed. The individual farmers and other sensitive points near the plant site should be protected; ② The excessive mechanical noises should be prevented during the construction work. In particular, concrete agitator, electric drills and other machines with strong noises should not be operated during night. The construction noises should meet the requirements of Noise Limits for Construction Site (GB12523-90); ③ The construction work should be prohibited during the university entrance examination and nighttime to avoid disturbing the residents. 3) The Analysis of Atmospheric Environmental Impact during Construction Period The waste gas sources of the construction of proposed project are primarily the fuel emissions of construction machines, dust pollution caused by demolition, dust pollution caused by foundation excavation and the transport of waste spoil, as well as the dust generated by using gravel materials and mixing concrete. During the project construction period, the management of construction dust pollution should be strengthened to prevent construction dust from influencing the normal life of scattered farmers around. After the adoption of engineering measures, there will be no harm of air pollution in this region. The following measures should be taken during the construction period: During the construction, enclosed safety nets should be adopted for closed construction, the entrances and exits of construction sites must be covered by straw mattress, tarpaulins coverage is necessary for clearing and removal of materials, the spilling and leaking of construction materials during transportation should be minimized, the construction wastes on the road surface at construction sites should be removed timely, water should be sprinkled appropriately to reduce dust pollution, the gap in the process of material transportation should be lowered down wherever possible, thus reducing the impact of dust pollution on the ambient air. In addition, the frequent exposure to waste gases and dust at the major dust generating points will bring adverse impact to the health of construction workers, so extra attention should be paid to construction worker’s labor protection. 4) The Analysis of Wastewater Impact during Construction Period There are two parts of wastewater sources of the proposed project during the construction period: the first part is the production wastewater generated at the construction site, which mainly originates from the wastewater for washing the concrete agitating system and the agitator of gravel materials. Through investigation and analysis, it is clear that the production wastewater mainly contains a relative high concentration of sediment and other suspended materials, with alkaline pH value and a small amount of greasy dirt. Thus it should be treated for re-use without discharge. The second part is the domestic sewage generated by construction workers, which mainly contains CODCr, BOD5, NH3-N, SS and other pollutants with higher concentration of water quality. This part of wastewater can be discharged only after it is drawn into the wastewater treatment plant through the enterprise’s existing sewage system and treated with specified standard for discharge. During the construction period, grease sedimentation tank should be established for the disposal and reuse of production wastewater, and domestic sewage should be treated by the enterprise’s wastewater treatment station, thus reducing the impact on surface water. 5) The Analysis of the Mucking Waste Impact during Construction Period This project utilizes the dismantled original workshops for new construction sites, thus some construction residue, waste earth and spoil are generated during the process of demolition, site excavation and construction. Since the construction site is flat, the embankment and excavation can maintain a basic balance. The construction ballast and spoil caused by the demolition of old buildings are dumped in designated areas as the local government requires, reducing adverse impacts on the ecological environment. In conclusion, the impacts of the proposed project during the construction period are temporary. After the completion of construction, various environmental factors that affect the region can be basically restored. As long as the standardized construction has been implemented strictly in accordance with construction norms, and effective measures such as preventing dust and reducing noises have been adopted to mitigate environmental impacts, the environmental impacts during construction period can be eliminated or effectively controlled. 6) The Analysis of Impact of Obsolete Facility Demolition in Technological Transformation Project Among the obsoleted waste disposal facilities in this technological transformation project, liquid chlorine tank is the major hazardous chemical substance. The liquid chlorine steel cylinders in current use are supplied and reclaimed after technological transformation by Yueyang Chemical Plant, thus no environmental pollution accident will occur by the loss of hazardous chemical substances and their containers. Other dismantled facilities and pipelines will be sold as scrap metal, the construction wastes will be sent to municipal refuse landfills for disposal, and the remaining bleaching liquor and other chemical materials will be sent back to the original supplier for utilization. The nature of land use will never change before or after the technological transformation, the demolition of obsoleted facilities during the technological transformation will not affect the regional environment. 6.2 The Prediction of the Impact on Surface Water Environment 6.2.1 Content of Prediction The specific contents of the prediction are as follows: The improvement of water quality of Caowei River during dry season and normal season by engineering drainage after technological transformation. 6.2.2 Predictive Factor and Range ① Predictive Factor COD and AOX ② Predictive Range The confirmed predictive range is: Caowei river segment that covers 500m from the upstream to 3,500m from the downstream of Lin Yuan Paper Co., Ltd. outfall. 6.2.3 Predictive Model For non-persistent pollutants, the water quality predictive model of Caowei River adopts the 7.6.2.2 (river-6) two-dimensional static mixed-decay mode (non-river discharge---normal season) of Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment Surface Water Environment (HJ/T2.3—1993).    uy 2   u (2a  y ) 2     exp     exp          x   c pQ p   4 M x y   4M y x   c ( x, y )  exp   K 1  c h     86400 u   2 H M y xu   u ( 2 B  2a  y ) 2    exp            4 M y x   Where: C(x,y)––– the concentration of pollutant (mg/L) at (x, y) point; Ch––– the background concentration value (mg/L) of pollutant; Cp––– the concentration (mg/l)of discharged pollutant; Qp––– the discharge volume of wastewater (m3/s); u––– the average flow rate of river (m/s); H––– the average depth of river (m); My––– the transverse mixing coefficient (m2/s; B—— the width of river; a—— the distance between outfall and riverbank (m); K1—— the decay coefficient of pollutant (1/d); X:the longitudinal distance from the outfall (m); Y:the lateral distance from the outfall (m). (river-6) two-dimensional static mixed-decay mode (side discharge---dry season). x c pQ p uy 2 u (2 B  y ) 2 C ( x, y )  exp(  k1 ){c h  1 [exp(  )  exp(  )]} 86400 u H (M y xu ) 2 4M y x 4M y x Where: C(x,y)––– the concentration of pollutant (mg/L) at (x, y) point; Ch––– the background concentration value of pollutant (mg/L); Cp––– the concentration of discharged pollutant (mg/L); Qp––– the discharge volume of wastewater (m3/s); u––– the average flow rate of river (m/s); h––– the average depth of river (m); My––– the transverse mixing coefficient (m2/s); B—— the width of river; K1—— the decay coefficient of pollutant (1/d); X:the longitudinal distance from the outfall (m); Y:the lateral distance from the outfall (m). 6.2.4 Predictive Parameters ① Hydrological Parameters According to the data provided by Yuanjiang Municipal Water Conservancy Bureau, the hydrological parameters of Caowei River during dry and normal season can be seen in Table 6.2-1. Table 6.2-1 Hydrological Parameters of Caowei River during Dry and Normal Season Average Average Average Average COD Background Item Quantity of Velocity of Depth, m Width, m Concentration, mg/L Flow, m3/s Flow, m/s Normal 2440 1.1 5.5 600 Season 14.8 Dry Season 1001 0.58 3.6 480 ② Intensity of Discharge Source Table 6.2-2 Pollution Sources of Wastewater Reduced Wastewater Volume Reduced COD Volume by Reduced AOX Volume by by Technological Technological Transformation Technological Transformation Transformation Project (m3/d) Project (t/a) Project (t/a) 3615 91 197.2 ③ Decay Coefficient K is the decay coefficient of the COD of Caowei River, and selects 0.23l/d as its value. ④ Lateral Diffusion Parameters My This prediction adopts the Tylor Method to conduct the calculation; 1  H  0.0 0 6  M y  (0.0 5 8 5 B)  ( g  H  I ) 2 Where: g:acceleration of gravity, select 9.81m/s2; I:river gradient, for this river segment I=0.104‰; Through calculation, My is 0.3099 during normal season and 0.1978 during dry season. 6.2.5 Prediction Result The prediction result of the impact of wastewater discharge during the technological transformation on Caowei River can be seen in Table 6.2-3. It can be seen in the table that with the technological transformation project, the impact of discharged wastewater on the receiving water body has been reduced to some extent. The concentration of COD and AOX in the water quality of Caowei River has been reduced by 0.027-0.162mg/l and 0.05-0.35 mg/l respectively during the dry season; and 0.01-0.06mg/l and 0.02-0.13 mg/l respectively during the normal season. Table 6.2-3 Prediction of the Concentration Reduction on Receiving Water body by Technological Transformation Project Unit: mg/L Longitudinal COD AOX Normal Normal River X(m) Dry Season Dry Season Season Season 100 0.06 0.162 0.13 0.35 500 0.03 0.081 0.07 0.19 1000 0.02 0.054 0.05 0.14 2000 0.015 0.040 0.035 0.09 3500 0.01 0.027 0.02 0.05 6.2.6 The Analysis of the Impact of AOX and Dioxin in Wastewater AOX (Absorbable Organic Halogen) refers to the total amount of (in chlorine) halogen elements (including fluorine, chlorine and bromine) that combine in organic compounds and can be adsorbed by activated carbon under normal conditions. As a part of the total organic halogen, it is a kind of specific pollutant that inevitably appears in the process of elemental chlorine bleaching. Dioxins are also chlorinated substances that generated in addition reaction, substitution reaction and replacement reaction between elemental chlorine and residual lignin in the bleaching process, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans. AOX and dioxins are both persistent organic pollutants, which are generated unconsciously in the pulping process. The generation of them is related to chlorine bleaching and the specific chemical structure of lignin. Since their quantity are very low and almost cannot be detected in the surface water, they only have a small scale impact on the surface water environment. Elemental chlorine is the major factor of the generation of AOX and dioxins. However, ClO2’s reaction with lignin does not generate any organic chloride, but the elemental chlorine entrained in the ClO2 solution for preparation can generate a small amount of AOX. Therefore, choosing the CEH chlorine bleaching process, which is older than the ECF bleaching technology, can reduce 85% of the AOX generation, meaning the quantity of AOX generated in bleaching process can be reduced from 3.45kg/t/pulp to 0.71kg/t/pulp after this technological transformation, and then reducing the generation of dioxins. 6.3 The Analysis of the Impact on Ambient Air Since the increment of the waste gas pollutant is very small, the atmospheric environment impact assessment will only be qualitatively analyzed. The waste gas generated and emitted from the technological transformation project was mainly the tail gas of absorption tower from the chlorine dioxide workshop. This tail gas of absorption tower, which primarily consists of trace amounts of ClO2 and methanol, is emitted by a 30m exhaust funnel before it is absorbed by water at the cooling tank of vapor ejection pump. The quantity of the waste gas is very small (500m3/h), in addition the pollutants are trace organics, thus the waste gas has a small impact on atmospheric environment after high-altitude emissions. The waste gas generated in the process of washing, screening and drifting in the pulping workshop has already existed in the original project. It is a small amount of bad smell generated in the process of bleaching and screening. During this technological transformation project, waste gas emitted by process systems will first be collected by gas collecting hoods, then be purified by water spray scrubbers and finally be emitted by a 15m exhaust funnel on specified standard. The waste gas collecting efficiency is greater than 90%, purifying efficiency is equal to or greater than 90%. The gas collection and disposal systems in the pulping workshop are newly established for managing the stench gas generated in the pulping process. The waste gas is fugitive before the technological transformation project. Thus the implementation of the project will significantly reduce the whole plant’s unorganized emission of waste gas and more than 90% of stench gas will be cut down, mitigating the adverse impact on atmospheric environment in close range. The generation of H2S during the continuous cooking process in national soda pulping process is calculated by 0~0.01kg/t pulp. This project applies 0.0065kg/t pulp and generates 0.04kg/h (0.33t/a) of H2S. The waste gas of process systems is collected by gas collecting hoods, purified by water spray scrubbers and finally emitted by a 15m exhaust funnel on specified standard. The waste gas collecting efficiency is greater than 90%, and purifying efficiency is equal to or greater than 90%. After treatment, the unorganized emission quantity of H2S is 0.004kg/h (0.033t/a). According to the requirements of Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment Atmospheric Environment, this project adopts the mode of atmospheric environment protection zone among the various recommended modes to calculate the atmospheric environment protection zone of the fugitive emission of dust and H2S in pulping workshop. The calculating results can be seen in Table 6.3-1. Table 6.3-1 Calculating Results of Atmospheric Environment Protection Zone in Technological Transformation Project Emission Load Calculated Zone Pollutant Standard (mg/m3) (kg/h) (m) Proposes Bleaching H2S 0.01 0.04 150 Workshop According to the calculation results, the atmospheric environment protection zone of the proposed projects is 150m, covering the range of area with the proposed pulping workshop as the center of a circle and the radius is 150m. Based on the location of residential area around the plant site, there are no residents within the plant site, thus the protection zone within site (where the bleaching workshop is 150m away from the northern and southern boundary of the plant site, 200m away from the eastern boundary and 180m from the western boundary) does not disturb any resident. There is no new resettlement project within this atmospheric environment protection zone. 6.4 The Analysis of the Impact on Groundwater The area where the company lies is a river alluvial plain with small elevation differences about 30m to 32m above the sea level. This area belongs to the quaternary alluvium and diluvium. It mainly consists of plastic clay loam with medium compressibility and mixed with thick layer of hard clay and hard plastic clay as the basic supporting layers. Each soil layer has weak water retention and good waterproofness. The investigation indicated no centralized groundwater users are located around the plant site, and there are no environment sensitive points of groundwater. Paper pulp and black liquor generated in the project are stored in dense storage tanks, and middle-stage wastewater is stored and transported through anti-seepage treatment, thus basically preventing the pollution source of the groundwater. This project is carried out in the existing plant site where the original seepage control facilities will be further strengthened or restored during the construction. A full and complete anti-seepage treatment will be conducted to every place where the seepage accident might happen, such as pools, pulp towers, waste stations, tanks and pipes, the anti-seepage project of pipes and pools will be strengthened, and the concealed work will be put into record at the same time, so as to effectively prevent the groundwater pollution. Meanwhile, this project will set perennial monitoring points for groundwater quality within specific area (50m away from the southwestern boundary of the plant site). Monitoring will be carried out annually on factors including PH, COD, ammonia nitrogen and sulfide, so as to detect problems timely. The slag disposal pits are established for general solid wastes under the requirements of Standard for Pollution Control on the Storage and Disposal Site for General Industrial Solid Wastes with signboard set up. Therefore, the EIA considers the wastewater discharge of this project has a very small impact on groundwater environment. 6.5 The Analysis of the Impact on Acoustic Environment The sources and strength of the equipment noise change little before and after the technological transformation. The noise sources come mainly from the process of cooking and deflating, as well as equipment like air compressors, vacuum pumps and water pumps. The technological transformation will not add new strength of noise sources in the pulping workshop, and the newly increased noise sources are mainly pump noises in the chlorine dioxide workshop with the noise value being around 90dB(A). Since this workshop is located in the existing paper plant and the equipment with loud noises are all in the workshop, the noise has a very small impact on the external environment after the implementation of soundproof and noise reducing. The predictions of the impact of noise sources of chlorine dioxide workshop on environment are as follows: According to Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment Acoustic Environment (HJ2.4-2009), the predictive sound sources of this EIA are indoor sound sources. The rooms containing the sound sources are all considered as semi-reverberant fields. Supposing the number of noise sources is k, its impact on predictive points equals to several equivalent outdoor sound sources, the calculation steps are as follows: ① Calculating the sound pressure level Lpi1 of the No. i sound source at the indoor enclosure structures (such as windows or doors) (calculated as 1m away from the window) in the workshop. Q 4 Lpi1=Lwi+10lg[  ] 4r1 R 2 Where: Lwi─sound power level (dB) of the No. i noise source in the workshop r1─distance (m) from the indoor predictive point to the sound source Q─sound directivity factor, select 2 as its value R─room constant (m2), the calculation formula is as follows: Sα R= 1 α Where: α ─room acoustical absorption coefficient, select 0.2 as its value S─total surface area of the room containing sound source (m2) The sound power level Lwi of the No.i sound source in workshop is obtained by measuring the average sound pressure level of the analog sound sources, the calculation formula is as follows: (the room containing the analog sound sources are considered as semi-reverberant fields) Lwi= LP -10lg[ Q 4  ] 4r 2 R Where: r—distance from the measuring point to the sound source L P ─ average sound pressure level ② Calculating the sound pressure level Lp1 of k (number of noise source) noise sources at the indoor enclosure structures in the workshop: k 0.1Lpi1 Σ 10 Lp1=10lg( i 1 ) ③ Calculating the sound pressure level Lp2 at the enclosure structures out of the workshop: Lp2=Lp1-(TL+6) Where: TL─ transmission loss of the partition walls and windows ④ Regard the enclosure structures as equivalent outdoor sound sources, and then calculate the sound power level of equivalent outdoor sound sources based on sound pressure level Lp2 and acoustically transparent area: Lwout=Lp2+10lgS Where: S is the acoustically transparent area, m2. ⑤ The location of the equivalent outdoor sound sources is the location of the windows, and its sound power level is Lwout. According to outdoor sound source method, the sound level of the equivalent outdoor sound sources generated at the predictive points is calculated. L(r)=Lwout-20lgr-8 Where: L(r)─ sound level of the equivalent outdoor sound sources generated at the predictive points r─ distance from the predictive points to windows (m) ⑥ Calculating the total sound pressure level: Supposing the sound level A generated by No.i sound source at the predictive points is LAi, thus the total sound pressure level at the predictive points is: N Leq(T)=10lg( Σ 10 0.1L ) Ai i 1 Where: N is the number of the equivalent outdoor sound sources. ⑦ Superposition of sound level.  n Li / 10  Ln  10 lg 10  10 LB / 10   i 1  Where: sound pressure level dB(A) of sound source i at the predictive point LB—— background sound pressure level dB(A) Ln—— sound pressure level dB(A) of the predictive point n The prediction results can be seen in Table 6.5-1. After the completion of the proposed project, the whole plant’s boundary noise value of day and night during normal producti on period can meet the class 2 standard of Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary (GB12348-2008). Table 6.5-1 Prediction Results of Impacts of Noise at Boundary Unit: dB(A) Background Value Contribu Superposition Value Point Night tion Night Day Value Day GB12348-2008 Class 2 60 50 60 50 Eastern Boundary 48.5 37.3 34 48.5 38.3 N1(200m) Southern Boundary 41.3 32.5 37 41.9 37.2 N2(150m) Western Boundary 47.1 34.2 35 47.1 36.8 N3(180m) Northern Boundary 37.9 31.2 37 39.5 37.1 N4(150m) 7 Pollution Prevention Measures 7.1 Pollution Prevention Measures during Construction Period 7.1.1 Wastewater Pollution Prevention Measures during Construction Period To prevent the impact of wastewater during construction period, the following measures are recommended: (1) Before construction work starts, a comprehensive planning of the temporary drainage systems within construction area must be worked out; during the construction period, temporary drainage ditches should be established for discharge of rainwater, earth embankments should be built to prevent outside water flowing into the leveling area and influencing the slope stability. (2) Reuse the rinse water and concrete curing water where possible. Collect the storm sewage, piling slurry sewage and ground ponding, discharge the liquid supernatant after sedimentation treatment, and remove the slurry with slurry cars. Establish small scale grease traps and oil reservoirs at construction worksites where oily water is generated during the process of washing and maintaining vehicles and equipment. The wastewater discharge should meet the class 1standard of GB8978-96. (3) The domestic sewage generated during the construction period should be drawn into the existing wastewater treatment station in the plant area and discharged under specified standard after treatment. The oily wastewater generated by the canteen at construction site should follow the above domestic sewage procedures after grease separation treatment. 7.1.2 Waste Gas Pollution Prevention Measures during Construction Period To mitigate the atmospheric pollution during the construction period, the construction worksites should strengthen the production and environment management, implement civilized construction. The following prevention measures are recommended to control the range of the impact as much as possible: (1) Set strict rules and regulations for the construction worksite: Enclosed construction is adopted and construction barriers must be on site during the construction period; the construction roads should be hardened and regularly watered to prevent floating dust; the construction work should be stopped when the wind is very strong. Simple afforestation can be carried out on the vacant fields at the construction worksites. (2) Strictly control the part that is easy to generate flowing dust: water the earth-rock excavation worksites appropriately; backfill or transport the earth-rock to designated places timely; use the plant’s original roadways for transportation to reduce flowing dust pollution; clean the transport vehicles and passageways in time and maintain a certain humidity of the roadways; use wheel washing equipment before vehicles going out of the construction worksites; reduce the dust amount by driving transport vehicles at a low speed or under a speed limit once into the construction worksites; cover tarpaulins on the vehicles for transporting cement, muck, sand and gravel; and implement closed protection on cement containers. (3) Reduce the flying dust generated in utilizing and restoring construction materials: gently load and unload the construction materials; use commercial concrete to reduce the dust pollution; try to use commercial bagged cement and adopt sealed storage and pneumatic discharge for bulk cement to avoid mixing cement on site; make the height of earthwork below carriage baffle of the vehicle during loading and transporting; regularly water or cover tarpaulins on the surface of the temporary pile of earthwork and sand; clean and remove the muck as early as possible; and regularly water the construction roadways to prevent floating dust. (4) Establish smoke consuming apparatus for construction machineries with huge smoke discharge to mitigate ambient air pollution. (5) Since the tail gas pollution is most serious when transporting vehicles and machineries are idling, decelerating and accelerating, the transporting vehicles and part of the construction machineries should keep a stable speed to reduce the tail gas pollution during operation. (6) Adopt cleaner energy such as electricity and liquefied petroleum gas for the construction workers’ daily life. 7.1.3 Solid Waste Pollution Prevention Measures during Construction Period To reduce the impact of construction solid waste on neighboring environment, the following measures are recommended: (1) Rationally design the construction sequence to realize balance between excavation and embankment by backfilling construction wastes in time, so as to reduce the impact period and range on the atmosphere, soil and ecological system. (2) Reasonably arrange construction duration to utilize construction wastes for embankment; try to recycle the construction wastes in order to reduce its final discharge; pile up the construction wastes at designated places as the local environmental department requires. For those construction wastes demand classification, they should first be classified in accordance with regulations and then sent to specified dump of refuse. Construction wastes must be timely cleaned and removed, random dump is strictly prohibited. (3) Set temporary garbage collection containers at construction worksites and construction workers living quarters. Properly collect the construction wastes and living wastes, timely clean them and pile them up at a centered place before sending them to designated dump of refuse or refuse landfill. Randomly littering and dumping are strictly prohibited. (4) As for solid wastes with unstable components such as waste paint and coating, relevant containers could be adopted for collection before they are sent to institutions or the original manufacturers with qualification of hazardous solid waste treatment. The collected waste paint buckets should be reclaimed by original manufacturer or sold to specific recycling company instead of self-cleaning them. 7.1.4 Noise Pollution Prevention Measures during Construction Period To make the noise of plant boundary meet the standard, the following measures are recommended: (1) Reduce the sound source noise: adopt construction equipment with low noise where possible, for example, high speed vibrator, and prestressed static pile or water injection grouted pile with lower noise and less geological damage instead of impact pile in piling process. Stationary machineries and machineries for earth cutting and moving should be equipped with exhaust muffler and engine vibration isolation units to reduce the noise. Improve the installation quality of construction equipment by adopting vibration reduction or prevention measures on major equipment. Carry out regular maintenance on motive power machineries, so as to avoid the increase of their sound pressure level caused by the vibration of loose units or damaged muffler. Shut down the construction equipment immediately after use or when not in use. (2) Rationally arrange the construction worksite: Avoid arranging a large number of motive power machineries at the same place to generate high local sound pressure. Establish sound barriers around construction equipment with loud noise and build up walls all around the plant boundaries to mitigate noise impact. (3) Reasonably arrange construction time: avoid the construction equipment with loud noise operating at the same time. Construction work during night is prohibited except the technology that demand continuous operation, such as the borehole drilling, cleaning and concrete perfusion conducted by cast-in-situ bored pile, foundation pit excavation during the earth-rock process, and concrete casting on basement and roof. Construction work during night must be reported to the administrative departments of environmental protection and approved by them. If it is necessary to carry out some operations with loud noise during the night, it is recommended to set up some temporary noise reduction barriers around these equipment, so as to mitigate noise impact. (4) Minimize the man-made noise: Operate construction equipment in accordance with instructions, trying to minimize the impact noise in the process of installing and discharging templates and frames, gently moving and unloading construction materials without randomly throwing about construction tools; properly limiting the speed of transporting vehicles once they drive into the construction worksites and no honking. 7.2 Pollution Prevention Measures during the Operation Period 7.2.1 Wastewater Pollution Prevention Measures during the Operation Period 1) The comprehensive wastewater treatment station, built in the southern boundary of the old plant, has a processing capacity of 25000m3/d. Adopting the secondary biological treatment and floatation treatment process, this comprehensive wastewater treatment station is in charge of the treatment of discharged wastewater generated in each pulping and soda recovery workshop, steam power plant and residential area. So far, this wastewater treatment station is functioning properly, and the water quality after treatment can meet the national discharge standard. The technological transformation project has decreased the quantity of discharged wastewater by about 1016 m3/d rather than increasing it. After the implementation of this project, the quantity of discharged wastewater of the whole plant will be around 7834m3/d, which is far less than the processing capacity of the existing wastewater treatment plant. Thus the establishment of new wastewater treatment station is not considered in this technological transformation project, all the wastewater will be discharged under specified standard by the original wastewater treatment station in old plant after proper treatment. 2) The quantity of chlorine dioxide preparation cooling water is about 159m3/d with a small number of COD being the major pollutant. It will be sent to wastewater treatment plant for centralized treatment. 3) According to the Research on Efficient Kraft Reed Pulp Oxygen Delignification and Bleaching Technology from South China University of Technology, AOX quantity in pulp bleaching wastewater can be reduced by over 85% with the adoption of ECF bleaching technology. 7.2.2 Waste Gas Pollution Prevention Measures during the Operation Period 1) Tail gas of the absorption tower in chlorine dioxide workshop: This kind of waste gas primarily consists of trace amounts of ClO2 and methanol. It is emitted by a 30m exhaust funnel before being absorbed by water at the cooling tank of vapor ejection pump. The quantity of the waste gas is very small (500m3/h), and the pollutants are trace organics, thus the waste gas has a small impact on atmospheric environment after high-altitude emissions. 2) Waste gas in pulping workshop: The waste gas generated in the process of washing, screening and drifting in the pulping workshop has already existed in the original project. It is a small amount of bad smell generated in the process of bleaching and screening. During this technological transformation project, waste gas emitted by process system is collected by gas collecting hoods, purified by water spray scrubbers and discharged by a 15m exhaust funnel by specified standard. The waste gas collecting efficiency is greater than 90%, purifying efficiency is equal to or greater than 90%. The waste gas from the pulping workshop has a small impact on the external environment after proper treatment. 7.2.3 Noise Pollution Prevention Measures during the Operation Period The major noise sources of the proposed project are originated from the water pumps, stuff pumps and pressurized screens in pulping workshops and pump noises in chlorine dioxide workshops. (1) Noise Control Principles The noise control measures adopted during the design process will generally comply with the following principles: 1) Starting with the control of noise source: When making the equipment orders, the manufacturers are required to limit the equipment’s noise value in accordance with the design standard value and install noise reduction or insulation devices on some equipment. 2) When designing equipment and pipes, special attention should be paid on anti-vibration and anti-impact in order to reduce vibration noises, and the flow field conditions should be improved during the gas delivery so as to reduce aerodynamic noise. 3) When designing the workshop buildings, try to keep the major working and rest area away from strong sound sources, and set up proper duty rooms to isolate the noise and protect workers. When building the workshop, ensure the sound reduction index meet the standard. 4) Work out overall planning and rational layout in the general arrangement of the plant area, focusing on the separation distance of noise prevention. Establish extensive greenbelts in plant area, area in front of the plant, and inside and outside the wall of plant boundaries, thus further reducing the noise impact on the surrounding environment. The noise control measures in actual operation should depend on the noise pollution characters and the actual situation of existing and proposed projects, conducting different workshop and noise source with different measures. The control principles are as follows: 1) Noise sources based on mechanical vibration can be controlled by vibration reduction and sound insulation. 2) Noise sources generated within workshop can be controlled by dual measures, which are sound insulation and work environment isolation protection. 3) Intermittence noise sources can be controlled by making common mufflers in parallel connection to reduce the number of mufflers. 4) Noise sources caused by high pressure air can be controlled by reducing the pressure and air or using the damping silencer. (2) Noise Control Measures 1) Noise Control Measures in Pulping Workshop Pulping and its subsidiary systems, such as air compressor system and vacuum system are all placed in closed workshops or isolated rooms. The major noise sources are pressurized screens, stuff pumps and water pumps, with the reverberation noise in workshop reaching up to 95dB(A). The workshop has a satisfactory sound insulation effect of about 20dB. To mitigate the noise from construction equipment with loud noise placed outside the pulping workshops, double glazing windows, sound proof ventilation blinds and doors should be equipped on the workshops. 2) Noise Control Measures in Chlorine Dioxide Workshop The noises generated in this kind of workshop are mainly pump noises, thus measures such as sound absorption, vibration reduction and sound insulation are taken to reduce the noise. 7.2.4 Using New Environmental Protection Measures to Improve the Old Ones Based on the environmental protection problems of existing project, the following recommendations on using new environmental protection measures to improve the old ones are proposed: (1) Since the boiler desulfurization system has been used for a long period of time, the desulfurization effect is not stable and sometimes SO2 exceeds the standard. Therefore, it is recommended to maintain the aging or broken equipment to guarantee the steady running of the system, as well as to make SO2 discharged under specified standard. (2) The reed yard and the workshop for preparing raw materials in the plant area have a poor management and the reed dusts are flying upward. Thus it is recommended that the construction institution strengthen the management by cleaning the yard and workshop at a regular time every day, and change the handling method of reeds on the way from reed yard to workshop so as to prevent the flying dust being generated by the reeds touching the ground. 7.3 Analysis on the Consistency with EHS Guidelines See Table 7.3-1 for the consistency of pollution prevention countermeasures in technological transformation project and Guidelines for Environment, Health and Safety in Paper Industry issued by the World Bank. The table has shown that the prevention measures of wastewater and waste gas in technological transformation project conform to the relevant measures proposed in Guidelines for Environment, Health and Safety in Paper Industry. Table 7.3-1 Consistency of Pollution Prevention Countermeasures in Technological Transformation Project and Guidelines for Environment, Health and Safety in Paper Industry Guidelines for Environment, Health and Pollution Prevention Measures of No. Safety in Paper Industry this Project Oxygen delignification process is Deoxidize lignin before bleaching. added before bleaching. Effective pulp washing before bleaching. (kraft Whole sealing washing and screening and sulfite pulp plant). technology is adopted. Through transformation, ECF 1.1 Waste Adopt ECF bleaching or TCF method 2 bleaching is achieved, greatly reducing Water bleaching. the possible AOX and dioxin produced Management in bleaching process. Reduce the use of elemental chlorine by The replacement of liquid chlorine by reducing the multiple use of chlorine and chlorine dioxide is achieved through replacing chlorine molecule with chlorine transformation. dioxide substitute. Reduce as much dioxin and dibenzofuran as Whole sealing screening is adopted to possible in bleaching process by additives reduce dioxin and dibenzofuran in without precursor and complete rinsing. bleaching process. Stop using materials polluted by chlorinated No use of the above-mentioned phenols. materials. Take measures in the production process to reduce leakage and establish Collect and recycle spilled steamed liquid. emergency plan in case of cooking waste liquor accident in order to minimize the possible damages. Extract and reuse the condensate in the digester Waste heat recovery technology is to reduce the smell of TRS compound. (kraft adopted in the production process to and sulfite pulp mill) reduce the discharge of exhaust gas. Carry out chemical recycling in kraft and Alkali recovery technology is adopted sulphite pulp plant. in chemical recycling. Recycle pulp whitewater. Recycle fiber with All whitewater produced in disc filter, drum filter and micro flotation device papermaking workshop is recycled, in to reduce the mixture of fresh water in the order to minimize the use of fresh whitewater system. water in the whole process. Preliminary mechanical treatment: remove suspended solid in waste water with mechanical purification basin or sedimentation basin. Chemical flocculation is sometimes used as a supplementary means to remove suspended The waste water of the proposed solid; Secondary treatment: most pulp and paper project is processed in the existing plant with relatively large organic pollutant sewage treatment works. The waste emission load adopt biotreatment technology to water treatment includes the following remove resin acid, chlorinated organic processes: primary sedimentation tank, 1.2 compounds and other toxic compounds. anaerobic treatment, aeration tank, Wastewater Biotreatment technology of various types and secondary sedimentation tank, Treatment configurations are applied. The most common advection air-flotation and the final systems include activated sludge process, effluent. The waste water is discharged oxidation pond process, various biofiltration into Caowei River in accordance with process adopted along with other methods, Discharge Standard of Pollutants in anaerobic treatment process before anaerobic Paper Industry (GB3544-2008). biological treatment in the preprocessing stage, comprehensive utilization of various processes in efficient processing. In addition, extended aeration time is needed in some cases to oxidize resin, fatty acids and other toxic compounds, in order to reduce biological sludge and ensure high level processing. Anaerobic biological treatment is suitable for processing effluent with high BOD/COD and low content of toxic substance, such as sulfite pulping condensate and mechanical pulping and recycling waste paper effluent. The residual purified condensate is used to decrease the total water consumption and waste water volume. Bleaching and non-bleaching kraft pulp plants should collect and burn the foul gas, feculent Waste heat recovery device is used in brown pulp, some washed brown pulp, the blowing process in pulp steaming unbleached pulp and condensate in the process to reduce the emission of TRS. of black liquor treatment, in order to realize complete oxidation with total reduced sulfur. In sensitive cases (such as near the residential area), alternate incinerator should be equipped Due to low pulp production, recycling 2. Waste to replace other incineration sites to dispose low and burning measures of TRS has not Gas concentration TRS. Recovery boiler is a been adopted yet. Treatment preferred incinerator. Due to the adoption of alkali recovery technology, the volume of water When the stink of waste water treatment plants organism has greatly decreased in becomes a problem, oxygen activated sludge waste water disposal. For the main should be used to burn and discharge along with place that produces stink, such as the the waste gas. sludge dewatering workshop, daily cleaning is adopted to reduce the impact of stink gas. Through alkali recovery furnace Concentrate the black liquid by using evaporator evaporation section, the concentration Waste Gas (kraft pulp plant) with over 75% dry solid of black liquid is effectively increased, Control before the recovery boiler incineration to reduce thus reducing the sulfur dioxide Measures in sulfur discharge. discharge. Alkali Control the combustion parameter of the Previous routine monitoring results Recovery recovery furnace, including temperature, air show that by controlling the Boiler supply, injected volume of black liquid and combustion parameter of the alkali boiler load (kraft pulp plant), in order to reduce recovery furnace, the outlet gas and sulfur discharge. SO2 emitted by the furnace meet the secondary standard of Atmospheric Pollutants Emission Standard of Industrial Furnace (B9078-1996). Improve the sludge dehydration rate to promote Sending the sludge into forest base as the sludge combustion (auxiliary fuels are fertilizer after dehydration treatment. usually utilized in auxiliary boiler). Lime sludge (kraft pulp plant) is generally reclaimed by in-plant reclaiming system, but the Sending it into refuse landfill for safe surplus can be used for acid soil improvement or disposal. landfill. Green liquor sludge (kraft pulp plant) can be 3. Solid used as covering for solid waste landfill, as Waste forest fertilizer under some certain Small amounts of the green liquor circumstances (based on the analysis of sludge and lime mud are sent into nutritional ingredient refuse landfill for safe disposal. and potential impact of land utilization), and as neutralizer for acid wastewater. Biological sludge can be burnt together with fiber sludge, treated with dehydration Sold as fuel. incineration in kraft pulp plant, or mixed with other organic materials for soil improvement. 8 Environment Risk Analysis The purpose of environment risk assessment is to analyze and predict potential danger and adverse factors of the project, personal safety problem and environmental impact along with their damage degree resulted in the leakage of toxic, hazardous, inflammable and explosive substances during sudden incident or accident that may happen during project construction and operation (normally it does not include artificial damages and natural disasters), so as to propose reasonable and feasible prevention, emergency and alleviating measures aiming to keep the accident rate, damage and environmental impact within acceptable level. 8.1 Risk Identification Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd. has passed environmental acceptance check. Corresponding risk prevention measures have been taken for processes using hazardous chemical like liquid chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, alkali recovery, and sewage treatment, such as deploying stand-by storage tank, building coffer and emergency pool for wastewater accident. Emergency response plan has been established for accident, strict operation procedures and emergency running program. Chlorine gas (which is highly toxic) has no longer been used after this technological transformation, thus eliminating liquid chlorine reservoir, a major hazard source, and reducing environmental risks. The following chemicals shall be used after technological transformation project: 1% of chlorine dioxide solution, sodium chlorate, methanol, liquid caustic soda, sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Among them, 1% of chlorine dioxide solution, hydrogen peroxide and liquid caustic soda are not hazardous chemicals. 1) Chlorine dioxide: reddish yellow gas with strong irritating odor, with a portion of 3.09 g/l (11℃), melting point being -59.5℃, boiling point being 9.9℃ (at a pressure of 731mmHg), condensate into reddish brown liquid at 11℃, and condensate into orange red crystal at -59℃, being explosive when exceeding a volume concentration of 10% in air, but not hazardous in water solution. The World Health Organization (WHO) and World Food Organization (FAO) have listed chlorine dioxide as a highly efficient safe disinfectant in Category A1. Chlorine dioxide has been widely applied in advanced European and American countries to replace chlorine gas for drinking water infection in order to control “CMR substances” (substances leads to carcinogenesis, teratogenesis and mutagenesis). 2) Sodium chlorate: colorless and odorless crystal, salty and cold, deliquescent, with a melting point of 248~261℃, water soluble, sparingly soluble in ethanol. LD50: 1200 mg/kg (oral intake of rats); sodium chlorate is a strong oxidant, explosive when being heated strongly or contacted with strong acid. 3) Methanol: molecular formula: CH3OH, molecular weight: 32.04, colorless, transparent, volatile and flammable liquid at normal temperature and pressure, with a melting point of -93.9℃, boiling point of 65℃, flashing point of 8℃, and a relative density of 0.7914 (20/4℃), with slight alcoholic odor, able to be mixed with water and various organic solvent; toxic and able to lead to blind or death after drinking, thus strictly forbidden to drink; LD50 (oral intake of rats): 5628 mg /kg, LC50: 82776mg/kg, four hours (intake of rats); flammable, it can form explosive compound by mixing its steam with air. 4) Sulfuric acid: colorless, odorless and transparent oily liquid, able to be mixed with water, with a molecular weight of 98, melting point of 10.5℃, boiling point of 330℃, relative density of 1.83 (water = 1), 3.4 (air = 1), saturated steam pressure of 0.13Kpa, LD50: 2140mg/kg (oral intake of rats), and LC50: 510mg/kg, 2 hours (oral intake by rats). 8.2 Risk Assessment Level and Scope According to the identification methods in Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment on Projects (HJ/T169-2004) and Identification of Hazard Installations for Dangerous Chemicals (GB18218-2009), the hazardous chemicals used in this technological transformation project include sodium chlorate, methanol and sulfuric acid. The identification analysis of their hazardous source can be seen in Table 8.2-1. Table 8.2-1 Identification Analysis of Hazardous Sources Storage Capacity Hazard Existenc after Threshold Quantity Major Hazardous Item Grade e Form Technological of Storage Place (t) Sources (Y/N) Transformation (t) Methanol Flammable Gas 20 500 N Sulfuric Oxidization Liquid 80 100 N acid Sodium Oxidization Liquid 150 100 N Chlorate It can be seen from the above table that among the newly added hazardous chemicals after technological transformation project, the storage quantity of methanol and sulfuric acid is less than the threshold quantity stipulated by GB18218-2009, while the situation of sodium chlorate is on the contrary. But sodium chlorate is a general toxic hazardous substance, thus this environmental risk assessment is at second level according to Table 8.2-2, the environmental risk assessment level. The scope of this risk assessment is within 3,000m around the plant boundaries. Table 8.2-2 Environment Risk Assessment Level Highly Toxic General Toxic Inflammable Explosive Hazardous Hazardous Substances Hazardous Hazardous Substances Substances Substances Major Hazardous 1st 2nd 1st 1st Sources Non-Major Hazardous 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd Source Environmentally 1st 1st 1st 1st Sensitive Area 8.3 Environmental Risk Protection Targets The details of environmental risk protection targets can be seen in Table 8.3-1. Table 8.3-1 Environmental Risk Protection Targets Direction and Distance from Protection Target Function and Scale Liquid Chlorine Tank Caixiazhou 4th Team Residential Area, 30 Units, 95 People N,480m Lu Lake Middle School School, 650 people N,430m Qujiatan Directorial Area 3rd Residential Area, 50 Units, 152 People N,1km team Dongjiang School School, 320 people N,1.3km Xiasaihu Directorial Area Residential Area, 60 Units, 210 People N,2.3km Yongjiao Village Residential Area, 75 Units, 220 People N,3km Hexingzhou 6th Team Residential Area, 62 Units, 190 People NW,1.1km Huadong Village Residential Area, 80 Units, 235 People NW,1.3km Huarong Village Residential Area, 65 Units, 200 People NW,4km Caixiazhou 1st Team Residential Area, 30 Units, 92 People W,500m Hexingzhou 2nd Team Residential Area, 55 Units, 155 People W,1.2km Huafengyuan Village Residential Area, 95 Units, 380 People W,2.3km Residents at Western Residential Area, 9 Units, 27 People W,100m Boundary Lingguanxiang Village Residential Area, 250 Units, 700 People W,5km Beizha Village Residential Area, 65 Units, 195 People SW,3.5km Residents at Southern Residential Area, 3 Units, 10 People S,100m Boundary Residents of Lu Lake Reed Residential Area, 40 Units, 140 People E,150m Plant at Eastern Boundary Dongnaohu 2nd Team Residential Area, 40 Units, 150 People NE,800m Dongnaohu 4th Team Residential Area, 48 Units, 162 People NE,1.7km 8.4 Source Item Analysis 1 The processes which generates accidental risks in this project include the process of hazardous chemicals transportation, storage, production and utilization, the risk factor analysis is as follows: 2 (1) Handling and Transportation Process 3 The hazardous chemicals involved in this project are mainly supplied by automobile transportation with exclusive vehicles for carrying materials. The major risk factors in the handling and transportation process are: 4 1) Traffic accidents of transporting vehicles (such as car crash or turn over) can cause the leakage of materials which will poison the driver and people around the accident site, pollute the surrounding water body, and bring about serious environmental damages and personal casualties. 5 2) When handling the materials, the misconduct of the workers will lead the material leakage, causing the concentration of toxic and hazardous substances in peripheral region exceed the threshold value and thus intoxicating the workers. 6 (2)Storage and Production Process 7 The utilized hazardous chemicals during the project production are stored with special containers, for instance, methanol is stored by pressure tanks, sulfuric acid and sodium chlorate are stored by storage tanks. The risk factors in the storage and production process are: 8 When methanol is leaked from the pressure tank, it is volatile, inflammable and explosive, reaching the concentration value of harmful gas within a short period of time. 9 When people are exposed to leaked sulfuric acid and sodium chlorate, human body will be corroded and scorched. Methanol is an inflammable and explosive hazardous chemicals, its steam can form an explosive mixture with air with the storage quantity being less than the threshold value stipulated in GB18218-2009. Therefore, this report has considered methanol leakage as the maximum credible accident hazard. 8.5 Environmental Risk Analysis 8.5.1 Methanol Leakage Risk Analysis There exist certain accidental risks in the storage and utilization of methanol, among which material leakage is the most common accident and major accidents are relatively rare. The reasons of accidents mainly include the violation of operating regulation, malfunction of equipment component and disqualification of seal. We have made a summary statistics on probability of accidents, the results can be seen in Table 8.5-1. Table 8.5-1 Occurrence Probability of Different Degree of Accident Probability of Occurrence Accident (times per year) Small scale leakage accident caused by broken pipe, delivery pump, 10-1 valve and tank car. Leakage accident caused by breach of pipeline, storage tank and 10-2 reaction still. Serious leakage accident caused by broken pipeline, valve and storage 10-3 tank. Serious explosion and burst accident of storage tank. 10-4 See Table 8.5-2 for the threshold value of methanol concentration of different damage. Table 8.5-2 Threshold Value of Methanol Concentration of Different Damage Hazardous Concentration (mg/m3) Damage to Human Body Substance 86,000 The Minimum Inhaled Lethal Dose 50,000 Extremely Hazardous >5,000 Severely Hazardous >500 Moderately Hazardous Methanol 140 Olfactory Threshold 50 Threshold MAC 15 Standard Value of Plant Boundary 3.0 Concentration of Residential Area Note: The toxic reaction of methanol on the human body is assessed by inhalation rate (IR), IR=Log(C/MAC) IR value ranging from 1 to 2 is considered as moderately hazardous which is equal to 10 to 100 times the concentration of MAC; IR value ranging from 2 to 3 is considered as severely hazardous which is equal to 100 to 1,000 times the concentration of MAC; IR value greater than 3 is considered as extremely hazardous which is equal to 1,000 times the concentration of MAC The impact degree of methanol leakage accident can be seen in Table 8.5-3. During the methanol leakage accident, the concentration reached a moderately toxic level only within 120 minutes, and no district with lethal concentration is formed. The methanol concentration around 350m away from the project construction worksite can meet the boundary concentration standard. All of the environmental sensitive points of this project are located outside the plant boundary, thus the impact is very small on them. But attention should still be paid to the safety protection and timely evacuation of the workers within the plant, and fire protection and rescue work must be urgently carried out. Table 8.5-3 Impact Degree of Methanol Leakage Accident Atmospheric Stability Substance Item C D E F Extremely Hazardous None none none none District Severely Hazardous 0m 0m 0m 0m District Methanol Moderately 50m 80m 100m 120m Hazardous District Meet the Threshold 150m 150m 220m 240m Meet the Boundary 200m 270m 300m 350m Standard 8.5.2 Sulfuric Acid Leakage Risk Analysis 1 Sulfuric Acid Leakage Accident Analysis Sulfuric acid is hazardous chemicals with strong corrosivity. Sulfuric acid leakage accidents occur mainly in the transportation and storage process. The sulfuric acid leakage and traffic accident should be prevented during the transportation process. Once the leakage or traffic accident occurs, the company should report to relevant department without delay and take corresponding emergency measures, so as to prevent personal casualty and impact on surrounding environment caused by the sulfuric acid leakage. The company has built 2 sulfuric acid storage tanks with 160 t normal storage capacity. There are several abnormal operating conditions under which the storage tanks will have sulfuric acid leakage: the malfunction of instruments or control valve cause error operation and sulfuric acid leakage; the corroded equipment cause sulfuric acid leakage; the acid storage tank fractures out of accident cause sulfuric acid leakage. 2 Pollution Impact Analysis of Sulfuric Acid Leakage Since sulfuric acid is a hazardous chemical with strong corrosivity and hydroscopicity, the sulfuric acid leakage may cause serious damage to the surrounding people and plants, corrode equipment, and pose impacts on soil and water body. To eliminate the occurrence of fatal accidents of sulfuric acid storage tank leakage, the storage tanks must be designed, produced, renovated in accordance with regulations and passed by the container safety inspection conducted by relevant departments. The acid storage tank must adopt acid-resistant materials to build accident acid traps. Strict rules and regulations as well as operation specification should be implemented, and corresponding emergency plans should be worked out, so as to minimize the accident occurrence. Once the leaked sulfuric acid enters into water body, the PH value of the water body will be acidic which means the water quality will be seriously polluted. 8.5.3 Environmental Risk Analysis of Sodium Chlorate and Chlorine Dioxide Sodium chlorate is a colorless or white granular crystal with proportion of 2.490 and melting point of 248 to 261℃ over which the sodium chlorate will resolve and release oxygen in the air. Possessing strong oxidizability, it cannot be mixed with inflammable substances, or the fire disaster will be caused. The specification of the sodium chlorate crystal utilized in plant is generally 25kg per bag. Organics in unloading district such as timber and cordage that may pollute sodium chlorate and trigger fire should be completely washed off, kept alone around chlorine dioxide workshop and away from inflammable substances. Chlorine dioxide is reddish yellow gas with strong irritating odor, with a portion of 3.09 g/l (11℃), melting point of -59.5℃, and boiling point of 9.9℃ (at a pressure of 731mmHg). It condensates into reddish brown liquid at 11℃, orange red crystal at -59℃. It becomes explosive when exceeding a volume concentration of 10% in air, but non-hazardous in water solution. Since chlorine dioxide is easily degradable, strong reaction or excessive ClO2 concentration will lead to explosion. The 13.3kPa partial pressure (equals to 100mmHg absolute pressure) is the safety margin of ClO2 gas. Partial pressure is equal to total pressure times gas volume %, thus no matter what the value total pressure is, the “explosion” will be triggered only if the partial pressure exceeds the safety margin. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the reaction condition of the generator. During the production process of CLO2, interlock system should be established to automatically shut down the production system when emergency or abnormal condition occurs. Meanwhile, the interlock system can prevent production startup under unsafe conditions or give an alarm when the operator fails to follow the correct startup orders. Glass fiber reinforced plastics should be adopted for equipment and pipelines that contact with chlorine dioxide, such as chlorine dioxide absorption tower, tail gas scrubbing tower, chlorine dioxide storage tank, emergency discharge tank, and chlorine dioxide pipelines. An anti-explosion cover is designed on the top of the generator to prevent explosion, at the same time, an emergency water channel should be installed above the generator which will automatically turn on and bring water into the generator to reduce the temperature of mother liquid and stop the reaction once there is an emergency. Both the chlorine dioxide storage tank and emergency discharge tank must be designed with anti-explosion cover, so as to let chlorine dioxide release the pressure by bursting through the anti-explosion cover instead of exploding the tank when it is resolving. 8.6 Risk Prevention Measures 1. Risk Prevention Measures in Methanol Tank Area To eliminate the risk of storage leakage and fire protection wastewater discharge, cofferdams and accident pools should be built around the methanol tank area. The volume of accident pool is based on 100% of the storage tank volume which should be above 20m3. The accident pools are built in the middle of tank field and production equipment. Table 8.6-1 Safety Measures of Methanol Tank Field Accidents Acciden t Emergency Project Prevention Measures Categor Measures y 1. Take corrosion prevention measures on storage tanks and conduct overall experiment 2. Set up high liquid level alertor and pump termination device1. Emergency Spill on storage tanks, establish censorship shutoff of the Monitoring 3. Set up stop valve, flow measurement and leakage detecting inlet valve equipment 2. Emergency Stored 4. Set up instrument probe and take appearance inspection shutdown of the materia measures to monitor spill valve that might l spill 1. Establish fire dike for equipment, setup drain valve and leak in the fire drainageway by specification dike Prevent 2. Pave seepage-proof and indiffusible materials on the ground3. Fire prevention Spread of surface of storage tank area measures Spill 3. Establish special wastewater treatment system, setup automatic safety measures for cut valve Equipment 1. Grade the equipment in accordance with regulation 1. Report to Safety 2. Check the frequency under grading requirement, keep the superior Manageme record for future reference management nt 3. Establish a sound fire extinguishing system department, call the 1. Prevent fire source of the equipment (such as impact and firefighting system Fire Source friction) 2. Take emergency Manageme 2. Control fire sources of hot substances, electric appliances project measures, Fire nt and chemicals. prevent fire and 1. Familiarize with various material properties, keep them expansion explosi Stored under safety conditions 3. Extinguish fire on Material 4. Conduct Manageme 2. Take ventilation measures, strengthen monitoring, and emergency nt keep materials under lower explosive limit evacuation and rescue 1. Setup explosion-proof equipment such as rupture disc on the Anti-Explos top of storage tanks ion 2. Setup explosion-proof detection system and alarm system 1. Setup permanent grounding device for storage tank equipment Anti-Static 2. Prevent static electricity when installing materials into Electricity storage tanks, limit flow rate, prohibit high speed transmission and detection work during quiescent time 3. Do not install metal protrusion inside the storage tanks Automatic 1. Use computer to automatically monitor material storage and Safety transportation Manageme 2. Use computer to control installation and unloading work, nt realizing automation and routinization 2. Sulfuric acid Leakage Risk Prevention Measures In line with the prevention of accidental pollution of oil of sulfuric acid, the following aspects are recommended for the construction institution: 1) Provide fire control education to construction workers, strengthening operating personnel’s legal concept and fire control safety awareness through publicity, education and training, improving their basic knowledge of fire control safety so they will conduct the operation in accordance with established procedures and nip the risk in the bud. 2) Enhance the management of hazardous chemicals as well as the study of Regulation on Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals, strictly following the operation procedures. Use high quality materials to build storage tank for oil of sulfuric acid, regularly test its corrosion and fatigue status. The storage must not exceed 80% of the storage tank volume. Strictly prevent the storage tank leakage by properly conducting equipment maintenance work or timely updating the storage tanks with potential leaking risk. 3) Take thorough prevention measures. Place storage tank of oil of sulfuric acid in non-environment sensitive areas or downwind direction of the plant area with obvious hazardous mark. 4) Establish emergency measures and facilities. Take hardening measures and diversion measures to the ground surface of storage tank area, build accident pools, and prepare quicklime powder as neutralizer in the storage tank area of oil of sulfuric acid. Make sure that once the accidental leakage occurs, the leaked liquid can be drawn into accident pool and reacted with neutralizer, preventing the spread of pollution. 5) Once accidental leakage occurs, the construction worksite should immediately organize the rescue operation, contact policemen and local fire control detachment of public security, and report to the relevant departments of superior Security Bureau, Economic and Trade Bureau and the Environmental Protection Bureau. Evacuate irrelevant people and set up a quarantine zone over 150m. Meanwhile, all the power should be cut off to prevent any tinder on the site. 6) Strengthen the management of oil of sulfuric acid during the transportation process, thoroughly implement relevant laws and regulations on hazardous materials transportation, and carry out the management of “three licenses” (including driving license, escort license and transport license) and reporting system on vehicles carrying hazardous materials. 3. Sodium Chlorate Risk Prevention Measures Keep the power water available and the pipeline of safety aeration exit unblocked during the operation of sodium chlorate equipment. It is strictly prohibited to strike sodium chlorate with metal objects or put naked flame around it. Organics in unloading district such as timber and cordage that may pollute sodium chlorate and trigger fire should be completely washed off. Sodium chlorate and strong acid must not be stored at the same room. 4. Chlorine Dioxide Risk Prevention Measures During the production process of CLO2, interlock system should be established to automatically shut down the production system when emergency or abnormal condition occurs. Meanwhile, the interlock system can prevent production startup under unsafe conditions or give an alarm when the operator fails to follow the correct startup orders. Adopt glass fiber reinforced plastics for equipment and pipelines that contacts with chlorine dioxide, such as chlorine dioxide absorption tower, tail gas scrubbing tower, chlorine dioxide storage tank, emergency discharge tank, and chlorine dioxide pipelines. An anti-explosion cover is designed on the top of the generator to prevent explosion, at the same time, an emergency water channel should be installed above the generator which will automatically open and bring water into the generator to reduce the temperature of mother liquid and stop the reaction once there is an emergency. Both the chlorine dioxide storage tank and emergency discharge tank must be designed with anti-explosion cover, so as to let chlorine dioxide release the pressure by bursting through the anti-explosion cover instead of exploding the tank when it is resolving. 8.7 Environmental Risk Emergency Plan At present, emergency accidents are happening from time to time within various enterprises both at home and abroad, it has been proved by facts that preparing thorough emergency plans plays an important role in accident handling. Emergency Plans have fully manifested the people-first principle. Although there will not be leakage in this project under normal situation, accidents such as explosion and leakage may occur as a result of misoperation or corrosion of pipelines. For this reason, this project has taken corresponding measures. However, based on the abrupt, catastrophic and destructive feature of accidental risks, this project has formulated a series of emergency plans, aiming to respond effectively and immediately upon the accident occurrence, prevent the accident from spreading, and minimize the impact on the environment. Enterprises should set up a specialized emergency response institution, dividing it into departments such as emergency commanding center, emergency response and maintenance center. Special telephone numbers for emergency commanding center, emergency response and maintenance center, as well as workshop should be defined and emergency contact list should be worked out. The emergency commanding center should immediately respond and launch the emergency plan according to the accident type, position, leakage quantity and impact degree. Once receiving the quick report, relevant departments should respond immediately. There are several key points should be paid attention to: (1) Establish an emergency instruction network of safety, environmental protection, fire control, sanitation and production process centered by general manager. (2) Establish emergency communication system, and make sure the accident situation and emergency instructions are timely reported and delivered. (3) Establish weather cocks in the plant to locate areas in danger by wind direction. Emergency monitoring should be conducted during accidents to identify the impact scope and inform the evacuation and impact mitigation. (4) Provide emergency education to the whole plant’s workers, trainings on safety and accidents handling to the workers at dangerous station, and qualification tests must be taken before actual work. (5) Carry out material leakage accident rehearsal periodically, equip the workshop with antigas mask and regularly replace them in case of invalidation. (6) Install a number of inflammable gas monitors and alarm systems at key position of the equipment according to the technology characteristics and safety requirements. Set alarm for the maximum and minimum limit of operation parameter, such as liquid level and pressure, which may lead to unsafe operation du The major contents of emergency plan can be seen in Table 8.7-1: Table 8.7-1 Emergency Plan No. Item Contents and Requirements Dangerous Targets: installation area, storage tank area and 1 Emergency Planning Zone environmental protection Targets Emergency Organization Emergency organizations and personnel at plant and 2 and Personnel construction worksite Emergency Plan Graded 3 Set grades and response procedures for emergency plans Response Conditions 4 Emergency Rescue Emergency facilities and equipment 5 Emergency Calls Set emergency calls, inform means and traffic control Emergency Environment Specialized personnel will investigate and monitor accident 6 Monitoring, Rescuing and site, assess the accident nature, parameter and consequence Controlling Measures as reference for decision-making department Emergency Detecting, Control and remove pollution and relevant equipment in 7 Protecting and anti-Leakage accident site, peripheral area and fire prevention area Measures Set regulations on emergency dosage of toxic substances for Emergency Evacuation and workers and general public in accident site, peripheral area 8 Dosage Plan and influenced area, evacuate organizations, and provide medical aid to the public Emergency Shutdown and Set emergency shutdown for handling accident site, and 9 Recovery Measures cancel the accident vigilance in peripheral area when taking rehabilitation measures. Arrange training and rehearsal after formulating emergency 10 Emergency Training Plan plans Public Education and Provide public education, training and relevant information 11 Information in peripheral area 9 Cleaner Production, Up-to-Standard Discharge and Total Pollution Load Control 9.1 Cleaner Production The traditional pulp and paper industry with huge water and energy consumption brings serious pollution to water and atmosphere. The control and management of the pollution cannot merely rely on the end-of-pipe treatment, various measures focusing on the material, fuel and process design should be taken according to the environmental status and objectives of the area where the project lies, so as to keep the pollutant generated in the project on a minimum scale. The application of cleaner production technology plays a pivotal role in pollution control in pulp and paper industry. Cleaner production technology is not only beneficial to environment, but also to the utilization rate of resources and energy, product quality and labor productivity, as well as production cost reduction. 9.1.1 Cleaner Production Measures Oxygen delignification is adopted in technological transformation project. The utilization of ECF prevents the generation of dioxin and significantly reduces the production of AOX. Meanwhile, various domestic advanced technologies and energy-saving equipment are adopted to reduce energy and material consumption in every respect for better economic benefits. 9.1.1.1 Energy Saving Measures As stipulated in Assessment Indicator System of Cleaner Production (on trial) released by NDRC, the comprehensive energy consumption indicator of paperboard product and bleached reed pulp product are respectively 680 kg standard coal per ton of product and 900 kg standard coal per ton of product. The comprehensive energy consumption indicator of this project is 566 kg standard coal per ton of product, which is below the stipulated indicator. This not only fully manifests the technology advancement of the project, high efficiency and low energy consumption brought by mass production, but also complies with the policy of high efficiency and low energy consumption and concept of energy efficiency. The major energy saving measures adopted in technological transformation project are as follows: Using advanced medium consistency energy saving production technology and equipment. Adopting domestic and overseas advanced high efficient energy saving equipment and new type thermal insulation materials in the selection of professional equipment for the technology renovation. Recycling the production water as far as possible, all cooling water must be reutilized in order to save new water. All of the equipment demanding thermal insulation must be kept warm in accordance with the regulations. 9.1.1.2 Water Saving Measures Making full use of the washing water with same nature in the bleaching process to wash and dilute pulp materials, saving new water and reducing the middle-stage wastewater discharge. Adopting medium consistency closed screening to reduce screening water and wastewater discharge. Adopting advanced D-E/O-D1 bleaching technology to reduce the bleaching water and wastewater pollution load. With the above measures taken, the discharged wastewater of pulping workshop can be reduced by 1016 t/d. 9.1.3 Cleaner Production Level Since the state has not released any direct cleaner production standard for production of reed pulp, this EIA decides to adopt Cleaner Production Standard–Production of Bleached Soda Straw Pulp, Paper Industry (HJ/T339-2007) to conduct cleaner production assessment on the existing project as well as project after technological transformation. The comparison between the emission indicator of this project and cleaner production technology indicator fiducial value can be seen Table 9.1-2. It can be seen from Table 9.1-2 that the cleaner production level of proposed project is obviously higher than that of the existing project. Most of the indicators in respects of production technology, resource and energy utilization, pollutant generation and reclamation have reached class 1 standard (except that the AOX generation indictor is class 3 standards). The cleaner production technology indicators of the proposed project during production process have managed to meet the domestic advanced level and comply with state requirements. Through comparison, we have found that there is still a great potential of cleaner production for the existing production technology. In order to further improve the overall cleaner production level of the plant, the following measures are recommended: 1. The enterprise should strengthen and improve the whole plant’s environment management system; 2. The enterprise should periodically carry out cleaner production review and auditing. Table 9.1-2 Cleaner Production Level Assessment of Technological Transformation Project Assessment Practical Situation Result Cleaner Production Existi Propo Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Technological Indicator Level Existing Project ng sed Transformation Project Projec Projec t t 1. Production Technology and Equipment Requirement 1. Washing Multistage Countercurrent Washing Multistage Countercurrent Washing Level 1 Improved Fully Enclosed Pressure Fully Enclosed Pressure Screening Level 1 2. Screening Pressure Screening Traditional Screening Screening Using hydrogen Oxygen Delignification, peroxide to ECF, Using ClO to replace a portion Elemental Level Oxygen Delignification, 2 Oxygen Delignification, 3. Bleaching Chlorine ECF or TCF Bleaching replace a portion of of chlorine for Bleaching ECF or TCF Bleaching 1 chlorine for Bleaching multistage bleaching 2. Resource and Energy Utilization Indicator 1. Intake Water Quantity ≤100 ≤110 ≤130 76.7 67.34 Level 1 (m3/Adt) 2. Comprehensive Energy Consumption (purchased 708 Level 1 ≤950 ≤1000 ≤1150 708 energy) Kg (standard coal) /Adt 3. Pollutant Generation Indicator 1. Wastewater Generation 52.2 Level 1 ≤90 ≤120 ≤150 59 (m3/Adt) Level 2. CODCr Generation (kg/Adt) ≤160 ≤200 ≤250 / 4.65 / 1 3, BOD5Generation (kg/Adt) ≤45 ≤60 ≤75 / 0.91 / Level Assessment Practical Situation Result Cleaner Production Existi Propo Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Technological Indicator Level Existing Project ng sed Transformation Project Projec Projec t t 1 Level 4, Generation of SS 1.47 ≤60 ≤80 ≤100 / / (Kg/Adt) 1 5. Generation of AOX Level ≤1.5 ≤2.5 ≤3.0 / 0.71 / (kg/Adt) 1 4. Recycle Indicator Level 1. Water Cycle Utilization 82.5 Level ≥80 ≥70 ≥60 77.8 Rate (%) 2 1 Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA 9.2 Up-to-Standard Discharge 9.2.1 Wastewater With the adoption of oxygen delignification, medium consistency bleaching and ECF bleaching technology in technological transformation project, the quantity of discharged water has been significantly reduced. The wastewater is drawn into the existing wastewater treatment plant which adopts aerobic and advanced treatment to guarantee the BOD5 of the processed water is less than or equal to 20mg/L, CODCr, 90mg/L, SS, 30, NH3-N, 8mg/L, meeting the requirement of Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry (GB3544-2008). 9.2.2 Waste Gas The absorption tower tail gas in the chlorine dioxide workshop is mainly consisted of slight ClO2 and methanol. It is emitted by a 30m exhaust funnel before being absorbed by water at the cooling tank of vapor ejection pump. The quantity of the waste gas is very small (500m3/h), and the pollutants are trace organics, thus the waste gas has little impact on atmospheric environment after high-altitude emissions. 9.2.3 Noise The major noise sources in the technological transformation project are the stuff pumps and water pumps in the pulping workshop with the noise source strength being 80 to 95 dB (A). Through effective measures such as sound absorption, vibration reduction and sound insulation, the whole plant’s boundary noise value both of day and night during normal production period can meet the class 2 standard of Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary (GB12348-2008). 9.3 Total Load Control 9.3.1 Total Load Control Factor During the period of “12th five-year plan”, the state carried out total discharge load control plan management on four major pollutants, namely COD, NH3-N, SO2 and NOx. Thus the total load control factors for this project are as follows: Wastewater:COD, NH3-N; The total quantity control factors of wastewater are COD and NH3-N; Waste gas:SO2, NOx. The total load control factors of waste gas are SO2 and NOx. 9.3.2 Total Load Control Index With the completion of this transformation and extension project, the whole plant’s Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA pollutant discharge load by standard can be seen in Table 9.3-1. Table 9.3-1 Total Load Control Table COD(t/a) NH3-N(t/a) SO2(t/a) NOx(t/a) Discharge of Existing Project 269.3 23.11 673.2 184.20 Discharge of Technological -32.3 -2.01 0 0 Transformation Project Whole Plant’s Discharge after Technological Transformation 237 21.1 673.2 184.20 Project Total Load Indicator of Existing 2300 / 600 / Project Suggested Total Load Indicator 2300 22 700 205 After the completion of technological transformation project, the total discharge load of four major pollutants including COD, NH3-N, SO2 and NOx are respectively 237t/a, 21.1 t/a, 673.2 t/a and 184.2t/a. Since the state carried out total discharge load control plan management on the above four major pollutant during the period of “twelfth five-year plan”, and based on the present project total load indicators, it is obvious that the COD discharge does not exceed the standard after technological transformation, and the suggested total load indicators for NH3-N, SO2 and NOx are respectively 22t/a, 700t/a and 205t/a. The pollutant total load control indicators of this project are deployed by Yuanjiang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau. 9.4 Comparison between Pollutant Discharge and EHS Guidelines After comparing with the relevant indicators of non-wood pulp in World Bank Group EHS guidelines and State GB3544-2008 standard, the analysis on pollutant discharge per unit product of Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd. before and after technological transformation project is as follows: 9.4.1 Wastewater Discharge Parameters Per Unit Product The comparison between EHS guidelines of relevant indicators of non-wood pulp and wastewater pollutant discharge per unit product of Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd. before and after the technology renovation project can be seen in Table 9.4-1. Table 9.4-1 Comprehensive Comparison with EHS Wastewater Discharge Standard Data Predicted Value after WB EHS Guidelines Limit Unit rationalization Project Implementation of Non-Wood Pulp Indicator Monitoring before Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA Project Implementation Wastewater t/Adt 59 52.2 50 Discharge pH / 6.5~8.5 6.5~8.5 6~9 TSS kg/Adt 1.42 1.18 2 CODcr kg/Adt 5.28 4.65 30 BOD5 kg/Adt 1.08 0.91 2 NH3-N kg/Adt 0.45 0.41 / AOX kg/Adt 3.45 0.71 0.25* Note: *B1-a wood pulp standard in EHS guidelines is adopted for AOX Statistics in the above table have indicated that the wastewater discharge per unit product before technological transformation project is greater than the Non-Wood Pulp standard in WB Group EHS Guidelines, while wastewater discharge has been significantly reduced after technological transformation project and become close to the Non-Wood Pulp standard in WB Group EHS Guidelines. Since there is no Non-Wood Pulp standard for AOX indicator, B1-a wood pulp standard in EHS guidelines is therefore adopted. It can be seen that after the completion of technological transformation project, and despite the fact that AOX indicator has significantly decreased, it is still greater than the wood pulp standard. 9.4.2 Waste Gas Discharge Parameters Per Unit Product The major atmospheric pollutant discharge points in paper plant are the alkali recovery boilers and coal-fired boilers. Different discharge sources have different standards and guidelines. 1. Alkali Recovery Boiler The alkali recovery boilers discharge process gas which is different from discharged gas of steam boiler and power plant. See Table 9.4-2 for the comparative analysis of waste gas discharge indicator per unit alkali recovery boilers and EHS standards. Table 9.4-2 Comparative Analysis of Waste Gas Discharge Indicators of Alkali Recovery Boiler and EHS Standards before after Technolog Technologi EHS Paper Plant Guidelines, Indicator Definition Unit ical cal Attachment B, Table 2 Transform Transform ation ation Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA Value Value Value Indicator Definition TSP (total suspended Dusts and Particulates Kg/ADt 0.40 0.40 0.5 particulates) Kg/ADt SO2 0.20 0.20 / Kg/ADt SO2 as S 0.10 0.10 0.4 SO2(as S) NOx Kg/ADt 0.74 0.74 1.5 NOx(as NO2) TRS (total reduced 0.2 sulfur, as S) The above table has shown that the pollutants in alkali recovery boilers have barely increased before and after technological transformation project, waste gas pollutant discharge per unit product in alkali recovery boilers is less than the indicator value in EHS guidelines both before and after technological transformation project. 2. Boiler The boiler indicators will be analyzed with EHS guidelines for thermal power plant. See Table 9.4-3 for the comparative analysis of monitored data and EHS standards. Table 9.4-3 Comparative Analysis of Boiler Waste Gas Discharge Indicators and EHS Standards before after Techno Technolo Indicator logical gical WB EHS Total Guidelines, Table 1.1.2 Unit Definition Transfo Transfor rmation mation Value Value Value Indicator Definition Dusts and mg/Nm3 122 122 50~150 Particulate Matter (PM) Particulates SO2 mg/Nm3 702 702 2000 SO2 NOx mg/Nm3 149 149 650 NOx According to the above statistics, Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd. has managed to attain the relevant standards in EHS guidelines. Since the technological transformation merely covers the bleaching process, thus the waste gas discharge has very small changes after the completion of the transformation. Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA 10 Analysis on Economic Profits and Losses of Environmental Impact 10.1 Estimation on Environmental Investment The environmental protection investment of proposed project include cost of wastewater and waste gas treatment, noise control and greening work. The investment of environmental protection measures of this project is nearly 2.4 million yuan, which accounts for 3.7% of the total investment of 67.49 million yuan. The investment is mainly used for the treatment of wastewater and waste gas, as well as the noise control. Table 10.1-1 Environmental Protection Investment of Technological Transformation Project Invest ment Volum Subt Item Major Content Total e (ten otal thousan d yuan) Wast Wastewater is cooled by e Cooling Water Treatment 10 chlorine dioxide and sent to Wate wastewater treatment plant. r Treat Wastewater Reclamation 20 ment Tail gas of absorption tower is Absorption Tower Tail absorbed by water in cooling Gas Treatment in 50 tank of vapor ejection pump Chlorine Dioxide and discharged by a 30m Workshop Wast exhaust funnel. Technol e Gas Waste gas emitted by process 2.4 2.4 ogical Treat system is collected by gas milli milli Transfor ment on on mation Waste Gas Treatment in collecting hoods, purified by yuan yuan Project 50 Pulping Workshop water spray scrubbers and discharged by a 15m exhaust funnel by specified standard. Install sound absorption, sound Noise insulation, and vibration Contr Noise Control 50 reduction devices for fan and ol pump equipment with loud noise. Risk Establish cofferdams and Preve Storage Tank Cofferdam 10 accident pools around ntion methanol storage tank area. Meas Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA ures Factory District Greening 50 Greening and beautification. 10.2 Environmental Benefits Analysis This project has taken various environmental protection measures so that the discharge of processed waste gas and wastewater attains the standards. Through various effective measures, pollutant discharge quantity has been significantly reduced and pollution impact on the environment has been mitigated, thus bringing satisfactory environmental benefits. 1. Environmental Benefits after Waste Gas Treatment Tail gas of the absorption tower generated in chlorine dioxide workshop has been discharged at high altitude after proper treatment. This project has built gas-collecting hoods to collect fugitive waste gas discharge of process system from pulping workshop, sent the waste gas to wash spray scrubber for purification, and discharged the waste gas through a 30m exhaust funnel by standard, so as to reduce environmental pollution. 2. Environmental Benefits after Wastewater Treatment This project has made full use of the washing water with the same nature in the bleaching process to wash and dilute pulp materials, saved new water and reduced the middle-stage wastewater discharge. By adopting medium consistency closed screening, screening water has been reduced and wastewater discharge has been cut down by more than 3000 ton a day. Advanced D-E/O-D1 bleaching technology has been adopted to reduce the bleaching water and wastewater pollution load. By reducing the water consumption during pulp washing and screening process, improving black liquid extraction ratio, diluting black liquid concentration and pulp clean degree, and cutting down pollution load of middle-stage wastewater, the water consumption of pulping workshop has decreased from 58 t/ton of pulp to 34 t/ton of pulp, and water consumption of the whole paper plant has been decreased from 97 t/ton of pulp to 73 t/ton of pulp. Replacing CEH bleaching technology with ECH bleaching technology can reduce the generation of AOX and dioxin. The generation of AOX has decreased from 3.45 kg/t to 0.71 kg/t, realizing the purposes of saving water and energy, reducing pollutant discharge and environment pollution, as well as improving product quality. The main purpose of this optimized transformation is to reduce the AOX quantity in bleaching wastewater. The amount of AOX generated in the bleaching process is related to the amount of unbleached pulp lignin and adopted bleaching agent. The most effective way to reduce the amount of unbleached pulp lignin is through oxygen delignification process. Oxygen delignification is a very mature process which possesses indisputable effect in Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA removing the lignin residues in paper pulp and reducing pollution load. Oxygen delignification is an important part of modern production of chemical bleached pulp. It can improve the ratio of pulp yield, obtain pulp with low kappa value and high brightness, save bleaching agent. In particular, it is able to remarkably reduce the amount of BOD5 and CODcr in bleached wastewater, thus reducing the discharge pollution load as well as the investment and expenditure on wastewater treatment. Through oxygen delignification, the delignification rate can at least reach more than 40% under which the unbleached pulp K value of reed pulp can be reduced from 12-13 to 7-8. See Table 10.2-1 for specific details. In conclusion, this project has taken various effective environmental protection measures and has attained discharge standards of wastewater and waste gas, achieving remarkable environmental benefits. Table 10.2-1 Environmental Benefit before and after Technological Transformation Project Item Existing Pulping Process Pulping Process after Technological Transformation Consumption per Reed 2.54 t/ton of pulp Reed 2.45 t/ton of pulp Unit Product of Raw Materials Feed-Water 6700 t/day 5100 t/day Quantity Water Discharge 37.3 t/ton of pulp 29.5 t/ton of pulp per Unit Product Process Route Chlorine Bleaching ECF Bleaching and Oxygen Delignification Pollutant Discharge COD269.3t/a AOX175.73t/a COD237t/a AOX36.11t/a Environmental After technological transformation, COD and AOX concentration in Impact water body of Caowei River during dry season have been reduced respectively by 0.027-0.162mg/l and 0.05-0.35 mg/l Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA 11 Public Participation According to the regulations such as NO. 253 Decree “The Regulations on the Administration of Environmental Protection of Construction Projects” of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, “The Environment Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China”, World Bank Operational Policy OP4.01, etc., the project has conducted information disclosure and public consultation. Public participation in project environmental impact assessment aims at acquiring the public’s opinions, demands and perspectives towards the project, so as to comprehensively take the public’s interest into consideration in the project’s environmental impact assessment procedure, absorb beneficial suggestions, improve the justification of the project, and enable the planned environmental measures meet the needs of environmental protection and coordinated economic development so as to attain the goal of sustainable development. 11.1 Methods and Details of the Survey Public opinion soliciting in this assessment has been practiced in two stages: (1) The first stage: in July, 2013, the initial period of project preparation, relevant information was publicized and the first published assessment information and details were posted at residential areas near the project, helping the residents have preliminary understanding of the project. The survey visited and interviewed residents, organizations and groups that might be impacted by the planned factory site, and handed out questionnaires to collect the public’s opinions to the project. See Figure. 11.1-1 and 11.1-2 for photos of the information disclosure. (2) The second stage: after finishing the first draft of the environmental assessment report, information on the second environmental impact assessment was disclosed via newspaper and internet. See Figure 11.1-3 for the information disclosure via newspaper (Sep. 24th, Yiyang Daily) and Figure 11.1-4 for the information disclosure at the government website of Yuanjiang City (http://www.yuanjiang.gov.cn). The full text of the environmental assessment report of this project was published on January 23rd, 2014 at the publicity board of Luhu Reed Field and the government website of Yuanjiang City. See 11.1-5 and Fig 11.1-6 respectively for the publicity activities. Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA Figure 11.1-1 The first information disclosure Figure 11.1-2 The second information disclosure Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA Figure 11.1-3 Newspaper (Yiyang Daily) information disclosure Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA Figure 11.1-4 Website information disclosure Figure 11.1-5 Information disclosure at publicity board of Luhu Reed Field Figure 11.1-6 Website information disclosure 11.2 Results and Statistics of the Survey 11.2.1 Public Information Statistics The survey has given out and collected 50 questionnaires to individuals and the public. The respondents cover residents living less than 200m away from the factory, employees of Luhu Middle School, the residents of Luhu Town as well as residents that lives a little far away from the factory site. Three questionnaires for institutions have been given out and collected. Table 11.2-1 is the basic information of the responents and Table 11.2-2 is the list of the responents. Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA Table 11.2-1 Public Respondents Composition Age 19~39 40—60 Number/Percentage 16/21% 60/79% Government Occupation Farmer Worker Other employees Number/Percentage 3/4% 40/43% 8/10% 25/43% Senior Middle Junior Middle Literacy Level College Primary School School School Number/Percentage 4/5% 10/13% 58/77% 4/5% Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA Table 11.2-2 Respondents List No. Name Gender Age Address Contact Caixia Prefecture, Luwei Court, Lu Lake, 1 Li Wenjun Male 40 13637373114 Yuanjiang City Caixia Prefecture, Luwei Court, Lu Lake, 2 Li Meilin Male 37 15897373599 Yuanjiang City Caixia Prefecture, Luwei Court, Lu Lake, 3 Zhang Jian Male 37 13873744503 Yuanjiang City Caixia Prefecture, Luwei Court, Lu Lake, 4 Yang Lichun Male 40 13875363492 Yuanjiang City Guo Caixia Prefecture, Luwei Court, Lu Lake, 5 Male 40 13141547217 Xinsheng Yuanjiang City Caixia Prefecture, Luwei Court, Lu Lake, 6 Yang Jianbo Male 45 13637373438 Yuanjiang City Caixia Prefecture, Luwei Court, Lu Lake, 7 Zeng Yuehui Male 42 13487672896 Yuanjiang City Caixia Prefecture, Luwei Court, Lu Lake, 8 Zhou Kun Male 42 18711733115 Yuanjiang City Caixia Prefecture, Luwei Court, Lu Lake, 9 He Yanhong Female 45 13549721099 Yuanjiang City Wugang Prefecture, Luwei Court, Lu Lake, 10 Liu Menghui Male 42 18773795744 Yuanjiang City Wugang Prefecture District, Luwei Court, 11 Wang Xi Female 35 15116719581 Lu Lake, Yuanjiang City 12 Liu Xiaolin Male 59 Yuye Village, Lu Lake, Yuanjiang City 13487813099 Yang 13 Male 50 Yuye Village, Lu Lake, Yuanjiang City 13508452299 Shangliang Qujia Tan, Luwei Court, Lu Lake, 14 Zhou Youcai Male 46 15274735525 Yuanjiang City 15 Zhu Jianwen Male 43 Xiase Lake 15869773245 16 Liu Zhuxian Male 49 Xiase Lake 15073713691 17 Li Deming Female 44 Dongnao Lake 13786777082 18 Yin Peizeng Male 40 Dongnao Lake 13574727194 19 Liu Yuehui Male 37 Dongnao Lake 18373735375 20 Liu Yangdi Male 40 Yongdong Village, Nanda Court 18230535760 21 Zhu Dong Male 45 Xiase Lake 18773777726 22 Sun Qi Male 61 Xiase Lake 15173703207 23 Zhu Junjie Male 23 Xiase Lake 18374236622 Caixia Prefecture, Luwei Court, Lu Lake, 24 Lu Dongliang Male 32 18207033684 Yuanjiang City Caixia Prefecture, Luwei Court, Lu Lake, 25 Xie Zhaohui Female 54 13787373003 Yuanjiang City Cao Wugang Prefecture District, Luwei Court, 26 Female 44 15116739391 Shuangxi Lu Lake, Yuanjiang City Wugang Prefecture District, Luwei Court, 27 Tian Hao Male 36 13511129659 Lu Lake, Yuanjiang City 28 Liao Qingyun Male 41 Wugang Prefecture, Luhu 15243724846 Qujia Tan District, Luwei Court, Lu Lake, 29 Sun Peiliang Male 33 15898473193 Yuanjiang City 30 Zhou Lizhi Male 41 Hexing Prefecture District, Lu Lake 13786754573 Tong 31 Male 62 Hexing Prefecture District, Lu Lake 15274713673 Zhenghui 32 Sun Jianming Male 38 Hexing Prefecture, Lu Lake 15869763663 33 Liu Jianming Male 36 Hexing Prefecture, Lu Lake 18773798963 Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA 34 Liu Wenjun Male 47 Luhu Court 13549723929 35 Peng Xinmin Male 62 Luhu Court 15274731087 36 Zhang Bing Male 33 Luhu Court 15873703457 37 Guo Liming Male 36 Luhu Court 13508403516 38 Zhu Peiwen Male 41 Luhu Court 13407371864 39 Song Yuehui Male 58 Luhu Court 13511117542 40 Zhang Lixia Female 44 Luhu Court 15673715752 Zhong Wugang Prefecture, Luwei Court, Lu Lake, 41 Male 41 15173743134 Qingbo Yuanjiang City Wugang Prefecture, Luwei Court, Lu Lake, 42 Zhou Jianyu Male 62 13973683046 Yuanjiang City Gong 43 Male 39 Wugang Prefecture, Yuanjiang City 18666830574 Renchao Wugang Prefecture, Luwei Court, Lu Lake, 44 Cao Zhijun Male 40 15116797404 Yuanjiang City Hexing Prefecture District, Lu Lake, 45 Hu Wenlong Male 41 13875363136 Yuanjiang City Hexing Prefecture District, Lu Lake, 46 Hou Qi Male 62 13973774175 Yuanjiang City Hexing Prefecture District, Lu Lake, 47 Guo Chaoyun Male 33 15274735311 Yuanjiang City Wang Xin Prefecture, Luhu Court, Yuanjiang 48 Male 36 18773792341 Xiaoping City 49 Zhou Renhui Male 41 Huangmao Prefecture, Yuanjiang City 13487803274 Wang 50 Male 32 Xiase Lake 13467374208 Jianwen 11.2.1 Survey Result Statistics See Table 11.2-3 for the statistics of the public participation survey. Table 11.2-3 Public Participation Survey Statistics Number/Percentage No. Contect of the Survey (%) A lot 9/18% 1 How much do you know about the project? A little 39/78% None 2/4% Air pollution 0/0% Water pollution 4/8% What do you think is the most serious local Noise pollution 5/10% 2 environmental problem? Waste residue 2/4% pollution None 37/74% No influence 29/58% How do you evaluate the influence of this project 3 Positive influence 19/38% on your livelihood? Negative influence 0/0% Environmental 22/44% 4 What concerns you most of this project? impact Economic interest 28/56% Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA No concerns 0/0% Increase the pollution 0/00% How do you think of the environmental impact Decrease the 5 35/70% of this project? pollution No impact 13/26% Support 48/100% 6 Do you support the project? Not to matter 0/0% Against 0/0% Yes 36/72% If the project needs your house removal and land 7 No 0/0% expropriation, do you agree? Yes with conditions 13/26% 11.3 Result Analysis 11.3.1 Individual Willing Analysis (1) Knowledge and Attitude of the Project 18% of the respondents have a good knowledge of the project, 78% know a little, and only 4% know nothing about the project. 100% of the respondents supported the project with no one against it. (2) Existing Environmental Problems 0% of the respondents regarded air pollution as the major pollution locally, 8% suggested water pollution was the major one, 10% thought noise pollution was most serious, 4% regarded waste residue pollution as the dominant one, while 74% thought there was no pollution. (3) Impact of the Project 0% of the respondents thought the project would deteriorate local environment, 70% thought the project would ease pollution of local environment, and 26% thought that the project wouldn’t cause much problem to local environment. 58% of the repondents thought the project would not have any influence on their livelihood, and 38% thought the project might benefit their lives; no respondent thought that the construction of this project would increases local pollution, 70% thought that the construction would decrease local pollution, and 26% thought the construction would not have much impact to local environment. 11.3.2 Institutions’ Willingness Analysis The survey has covered three institutions which are mainly local institutions and village committees that might be impacted by the project. The institutions are: Lulin Administration Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA Station of Yuanjiang Luhu Reed Field, Luhu Reed Field of Yuanjiang, and Chaixiazhou Administrative District of Luhu Reed Field of Yuanjiang. All these three institutions supported this project and thought that, this project would decrease environmental pollution, reduce waste discharge, and promote local economic development. The institutions hoped that the project could be launched as soon as possible and they made following requests to the project: ① The project should, according to national regulations, strengthen environmental management, conduct environmental protection, attain pollutant discharge standards and reduce negative influence on local environment. Meanwhile, environmental administrative departments should strengthen supervision on the project. ② If it is necessary to resettle the people, proper actions should be taken to coordinate the relationship between administrative departments and land users. 11.3.3 Public Participation and Resolution Channel Linyuan Company has long valued much of environmental protection, positively cooperated with environmental departments on practise environmental protection policies and requirements, and has a good reputation on environment. Though the respondents didn’t raise opinions on environmental protection in this public survey, the company should keep in touch with local residents, so as to tackle existing and potential environmental problems effectively, properly and timely. 11.4 Conclusion According to the above survey result, the public gave a positive reponse to the company which has also won local resident’s support with no one opposing the project. With the development of national economy, people’s livelihood has been improved, and the public awareness of environmental protection has also been improved. Thus the company could win public support in the long run. Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA 12 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 12.1 Environmental Protection Goals 1) Surface water: the assimilative water body of the company is Caowei River, whose water environmental function of the assimilative section of this project is categorized as Level 3 water area, which should follow the Standard for grade 3 in “Quality Standards for Ambient Surface Water” (GB3838-2002); 2) Underground water: the underground water of the area follows the Standard for grade 3 in “Quality Standards for Underground Water” (GB/T14848-93); 3) Air: the air quality target surrounding the factory is to attain the standards of class 2 in “Ambient Air Quality Standard” (GB3095-1996); pollutants like H2S follows the limit value standard in “Hygienic Standards for the Design of Industrial Enterprises” (TJ36-79); 4) Noise: the noise environment of local area should meet the requirement of class 2 in “Quality Standards for Acoustical Environment” (GB3096-2008); 5) The air quality in the factory and its workshop should meet the requirements in “Hygienic Standards for the Design of Industrial Enterprises” (GBZ1-2010). 12.1 Environmental Management 12.1.1 Environmental Management Institutions Environmental management is an important component for the enterprise management. Both social development and economic globalization need better environmental management and stronger environmental protection awareness, aiming at stimulating production, enhancing economic interests, as well as environmental protection. For this regard, the survey of pollution sources and environmental monitoring can make clear the situation of the factory discharging “the three wastes”, pollution status and trend, create pollution sources file and provide solid basis for the factory to tackle with serious environmental problem and to implement comprehensive environmental management measures. The enterprise has established environmental protection management committee and with the general manager as the director. The principal of each section of the factory is the member of the environmental protection management committee. The chief engineer is responsible for environmental protection issues, the security and environmental protection section is responsible for the Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA enterprise’s daily environmental protection issues including the reduction and control of solid waste, waste gas, waste water and noise. The organizational arrangement is as follows: Table 12.1-1 Environmental Management Institution and the Responsibilities Action Institution in charge Responsibility Collect monitoring data construction organization 1)collect monitoring data of dust; construction period and Linyuan Company 2)collect monitoring data of noise 1)water quality of sewage plant; 2)water quality of pulping workshop; 3)gas emission of boiler; operation period Linyuan Company 4)gas emission of alkaline boil-out; 5)bad smell from the factory 6)water quality of the monitoring well in white sludge field. Data analysis analyze environmental status of construction period according to monitoring construction period local monitor station data, acquire major environmental issues analyze environmental status of operation period according to monitoring operation period local monitor station data, acquire major environmental issues Formulate environmental monitoring report construction period local monitor station formulate environmental monitoring report according to monitoring data operation period local monitor station formulate environmental monitoring report according to monitoring data Receive environmental monitoring report/Frequency construction organization irregular monitoring according to the construction proceed construction period and Linyuan Company one report in every three month received by the construction organization, who is also responsible for arranging and saving monitoring data, spotting operation period Linyuan Company issues, reporting issues to local environmental bureau and tackle with the issues Environmental management 1 ) 1~2 full-time/part-time technians in responsible for environmental protection during the construction; 2)examine the construction proceed, quality, operation and monitoring of the environmental equipment, tackle with relevant issues during the construction period construction organization construction; 3 ) check the expenditure for environmental protection during the construction period; 4)receive the monitoring from environmental protection institutions, report the conduction of environmental clauses in the contract. 1 ) set up the security and environmental protection section for environmental management, which in responsible for the conduction of environmental protection during operation period; section management should, under the leadership of the general manager, be responsible for the environmental management, sanitary production; 2 part-time environmental protection staffs in responsible for the maintenance of the operation period Linyuan Company environmental protection equipment in each workshop and keep in contact with the security and environmental protection section. 2)carry out national and local environmental protection laws, regulations and policies, as well as the demands from environmental protection administrative authorities; 3)carry out environmental protection measures during the operation period and formulate environmental management rules and systems during Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA operation period; 4 ) carry out environmental monitoring during operation period, make analysis and data arrangement of the result; 5)monitor environmental protection measures during the operation period, deal with environmental issues appearing during the operation period; 6)make regular report to environmental protection authorities; 7 ) examine environmental protection effect after the project finish construction; 8 ) responsible for all the employees’ occupation health protection and management; 9 ) responsible for the formulating, developing and maintaining of the measures against risks, carry out emergency response against the accident. 12.1.2 Requirements and Suggestions (I) Environmental Management during Construction Period Environmental management during operation period consists of three levels of administrative systems: construction organization, execution organization and monitoring organization. All departments should pay attention to environmental protection: construction companies should take environmental protection construction and construction qualification into consideration when inviting for bid and examine the implementation of environmental protection, eliminate environmental risks, coordinate with environmental protection authorities; monitoring organization should not only be responsible for the construction quality, but also assign commissioner in charge of the monitoring of environmental protection according to the environmental impact assessment, national and local environmental protection laws and regulations, guarantee the quality of environmental protection constructions and monitor the execution organization to carry out all the environmental measures in the construction; the behavior of execution organization directly impacts the environment, thus the execution organization should implement environmental protection together with construction and monitoring organizations, formulate detailed environmental protection plan and take measures to reduce the waste water, dust, solid waste and noise generated in the construction. Besides, trainings for the constructors should be strengthened to help them improve environmental awareness and conduct an environmentally friendly construction. (II) Environmental Management during Operation Period This project requires highly qualified production management with a number of correspondent comprehensive environmental management facilities equipment, some of which is advanced and needs a high-level management. Execution organization should Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA perfect environmental protection mechanism in the factory and better the environmental protection management system according to the needs of the project. When the project is put into operation, the following basic duties shall be strictly carried out: (1) Formulate comprehensive environmental protection regulations and rules; make clear the responsibilities and relevant awards or punishment. (2) Identify the environmental management target of the factory; monitor and assess each workshop, section and operation position. (3) Establish an environmental protection profile including environmental impact assessment, environmental protection construction check and acceptance report, environmental protection equipment and its operation record; report and keep records of environment statistics, environment monitoring report and other environmental protection materials. (4) Collect materials including pollutant discharge standard, environmental protection laws, and environmental protection techniques. (5) Carry out the “three simultaneity requirements” of the environmental protection facilities and environmental protection of the construction site during construction period. (6) Coordinate the management of environmental protection facilities and major production equipment. The robustness and operational rate of pollution prevention facilities should match with major production equipment. The pollution prevention facilities should operate and be maintained with the production equipment simultaneously. Remediation measures should be taken when the pollution prevention facilities breakdown so as to prevent the pollution from expanding. (7) Properly deal with sudden pollution accidents and find out the cause and potential risks. (8) Coordinate environmental protection in each workshop and environmental monitoring. Define the environmental management target and responsibilities, monitor and assess each workshop and section according to the environmental quality demands raised by local environmental protection authority. (9) Conduct comprehensive utilization of the waste, cleaner production and the control of pollutant discharge total amount. (10) Carry out regular trainings on employee safety, environmental protection education Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA and environmental techniques. (11) Carry out following environmental management measures during the construction period: organize environmental management and monitoring during the construction period, conduct regular environmental quality assessment of the construction site, and report to environmental administrative authority; prevent ecological damage and pollution, and take measures to deal with emergency. Recover and improve the ecological environment such as recovering the construction site, afforestating the construction site, etc. at the late construction period. 12.2 Monitoring Plan 12.2.1 Standardization of the Sewage Drain Outlet Sampling sites like the main sewage drain outlet and water inlet and the outlet of sewage treatment facilities shall be set up based on “Technical Specifications for Monitoring Pollution Source”. One waste water outlet should be set up in the factory with a waste water discharge sign so as to assure the water discharged meets relevant national discharge criteria. The setup of exhaust funnel for gas from non-fugitive emission should be convenient for sampling and monitoring, and meet the requirements of “Technical Specifications for Monitoring Pollution Source”. The fugitive exhaust bad smell gas shall be collected and disposed and the pollution source of should be monitored periodically. Slag disposal pit should be set up to dispose solid waste. The siting of pit shall meet the requirement of “Control Standard of Industrial Solid Waste Storage and Disposal Pit Pollution” with relevant sign set up. The ashpit and slag pit of the steam power plant are equipped with stirring humidifier. The ashpit will be carried by dump truck after being humidified. Besides, temporary ashpit should be set up in the steam power plant and can contain the ash of one month. The temporary ashpit should take watering humidifying measure to prevent dust with relevant sign set up. Noise reduction measures like vibration reduction and sound insulation shall be taken based on different noise source so as to meet the requirement in the function area. Monitoring site of the noise source shall be set up at the boundary sensitive and most influential spot of the fixed noise source. 12.2.2 Environmental Monitor during Production and Operation Period Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA The regular environmental monitoring of the project is delegated to Environmental Monitoring Station of Yuanjian City. Table 12.2-1 shows the environmental monitoring plan of the production and operation period. In order to have better understanding and control of the discharge of “three wastes”, the project will conduct monitoring and collect statistics on pollution source of water, gas, ash and noise such as the concentration and flow of pollutant of water (pH, CODcr, BOD5, SS, ammonia nitrogen, volatile phenol, etc.), the concentration and load of waste gas pollutant like boiler smoke, amount of solid waste and strength of noise, so as to provide evidence for “three wastes” management and cleaner production. Besides, monitoring frequency shall increase under accident or irregular situation. The monitoring shall not stop until the surrounding environment quality stabilizes after the accident. Table 12.2-1 Environmental Monitoring during Project Operation Period Monitor Expence Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring ing Monitoring factors Monitoring position (CNY) item frequency institute period constru Two sites at the east TSP Once every ction Construction dust boundry of the mill two 3000 (one months year) Construction wastewater / / / Third party Four sites around LeqdB(A) Once every Construction noise the mill two 2000 months subtotal 5000 operatio pH, SS, 20000 Continuous 企业运行, n CODCr, automatic AOX, 沅江市环境 on-line BOD5, monitoring 监测站校验 NH3-N Inlet and outlet of waste pH, SS, 40000 Once a (supervi water treatment station CODCr, season, four Yuanjiang Waste NH3-N, sory times a environment water AOX, monitorin Polluti year, monitoring monitoring BOD5, random station gby the on source waste water checking governm monit amount ent) oring Moisture 10000 Once a day Yuanjiang contenc Outlet sludge of waste environment Ratio of water treatment station monitoring organic and At random station inorganic Continuous 20000 Chimney of automatic Yuanjiang (supervi Waste gas fugitive circulating Dust, SO2, on-lie environment sory monitoring emission fluidized bed NOx monitoring, monitoring monitorin boiler Once a station gby the season, four Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA times a governm year, ent) random check 20000 Once a (supervi Chimney of season, four sory alkali times a monitorin recover year, boiler random gby the check governm ent) The east, 10000 south, west and north of pulping workshop Once a Third party The east, season, four or H2S, Non-fugitiv times a Yuanjiang south, west Ammonia, e emission year, environment dust and north of random monitoring check station waste water treatment station Third party 2000 Equivalent or Yuanjiang Noise One meter outside factory continuous Two times a environment monitoring boundary sound level year monitoring A station boiler ash 30000 white bole recovered from alkali Comprehen Third party Sludge in pollutant sive Once a or Yuanjiang treatment station utilization month Solid Pulp residue in pulping and environment wastes workshop treatment chlorine dioxide for monitoring mirabilite salt station Once a year 15000 Ground Solid waste landfill or as water needed Environme Air environment in the SO2, NO2, Two times a 10000 nt gas factory TSP, PM10 year Enviro One time in 15000 nment pH, normal Yuanjiang al Chroma, water environment quality 500 meters upstream to Surface COD, period monitoring monit 300 meters downstream water NH3-N, and one station oring of Caowei River AOX, time in low BOD5, SS water period subtotal 182000 1870 total 00 Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA Considering that Hunan monitoring center is not able to detect dioxin, Linyuan paper promised to entrust qualified unit to monitor dioxin during the demonstration period. 12.3 Environmental Management Staff Training 12.3.1 Newly-added Full-time and Part-time Staff Training during Construction Period The training of staff from the construction and monitoring institutions of this project is delegated to qualified institution by the construction institution. The trainees cover the technical principals of each construction and monitoring institutions and full-time management staff. The training includes regulations and rules on environmental protection and water and soil conservation of China and Hunan Province, environmental protection requirements raised in the project design and construction period, and environmental protection measures of the project during construction period. The trainers can be environmental protection design principals of environmental protection bureau and environmental protection design institutions, or experts from environmental assessment institutions and monitoring institutions. 12.3.2 Newly-added Full-time and Part-time Staff Training during Operation Period The training for newly-added full-time and part-time staff training during operation period shall be organized by environmental protection sections. The trainers can be invited from colleges, science research institutions and operation management institutions. The training can also be organized as short period training course. The detailed information of the training is in Table 12.3-1 Table 12. 3-1 Training Fee for Staff Training during Construction and Operation Period Fee (10 Period Trainees Number Training Content Time thousand) principals from laws and regulations, construction environmental institution, protection measures and 4 1 environmental requirements during 3-7 days Constructi protection staff from construction period, before on Linyuan Company environmental construction constructors 50 protection guidance 2 during construction monitoring engineer 2 period 0.5 environmental laws and regulations, 7-14 days Operation 5 1.0 management staff environmental before Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA protection measures and operation requirements, environmental protection guidance during operation period laws and regulations, environmental protection measures and requirements, daily environmental work 10 maintenance of 1.0 staff environmental protection equipment, monitoring data collection and analysis risk influence, risk emergency staff 2 prevention, emergency 0.5 plan all the summary, production communication, employees regular regular or and discussion and report 2 training temporary management within group, workshop staff and the factory Total 8 12.4 Cost Estimation of Environmental Management Plan The environmental management fee of the project is estimated about 280 thousand Yuan. Table 12.4-1 Company Environmental Management Fee (10 thousand) Environmental Monitoring Fee Occupation Health Safety EMP Conduct Training Fee Construction Management Fee Management Fee Total Fee Operation Period Period 0.5 13.5 4.5 1.5 8.0 28.0 12.5 Information Exchange and Record Environmental management requires necessary information exchange among different positions and sections and relevant information shall be notified to the outside (interested party, public, etc.). Internal information exchange can be carried out in various ways such as having meeting or issuing internal journals. At least one formal meeting shall be held per month. All the exchange information shall be reported and filed. External information exchange shall be carried out once half a year or annually. Information exchange between cooperation institutions shall be recorded as summary and files. To guarantee the effective operation of environmental management system, a complete record system shall be built and save records of following aspects: Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA 1) laws, regulations and relevant operational requirements; 2) license files; 3) environmental factors, relevant environmental impact and relevant mitigation measures; 4) training; 5) project construction schedule; 6) monitoring data; 7) information of relevant parties; 8) audit; 9) review. Besides, the above records should be maintained in necessary ways, including: identification, collection, catalogue, file, save, management, maintenance, refer, storage limitation, disposition, etc. 12.6 “Three-Simultaneities” Acceptance of Environmental Protection and Management Facilities According to the “Regulations on Environmental Management of Construction Projects”, the environmental protection facilities of the project shall be designed, constructed and operated at the same time with the main construction. In order to guarantee the environmental protection equipment of the project, the major content of acceptance of the environmental protection of the project is suggested as Table 12.6-1. Table 12.6-1 Inception Content of the “Three Simultaneities” of Environmental Protection Equipment Item Facility Management Measure Management Effect tail gas of absorption tower is tail gas of absorption first absorbed by water in tower in ClO2 cooling bath of steam jet pump emission on standard Workshop then emitted by 30m exhaust Air Pollution funnel collect and manage the bad bad smell in pulping smell generated, control the “Emission Standard of Bad Smell workshop pollution source of the bad Pollutant”(GB14554-93) smell cooling water generated in the Water ClO2 workshop ClO2 preparation shall be sent discharge on standard Pollution to sewage treatment plant damping, sound insulation, and vibration deduction noise at the factory boundary meets Noise device will be equipped on drought fan, compressor, the Grade 2 Standard in pump, etc. GB12348-2008 Risk cofferdam and accidental pool will be set up for leakage prevention Prevention methyl alcohol and vitriol storage tank Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA and Emergency Update boiler desulfurizer update or maintenance SO2 emission on standard waste water in pulping workshop Bleaching ECF bleaching technique reduces to 34t/pulp per ton, AOX Technique emission on standard Environmental environmental institution setup and meets design standard and rules, Management management regulations formulation guarantee the environmental and monitoring plan monitoring institution and plan management Monitoring Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA 13 Overall Argumentation on Feasibility of Project Construction 13.1 Analysis of Compliance to Industrial Policies 13.1.1 “Directory Catalogue on Readjustment of Industrial Structure (Version 2011)” Compliance Analysis According to the regulations on papermaking of “Directory Catalogue on Readjustment of Industrial Structure (Version 2011)” (Jun 1st, 2011), the “ECF and TCF chemical paper bleaching technique development and application” is categorized as encouraging industry in the 19th Item of “Light Industry” of the first category – the “Encouraging Category”. The pulping bleaching technique of the proposed project is ECF bleaching, belonging to the encouraging category. In conclusion, this project meets relevant rules in “Directory Catalogue on Readjustment of Industrial Structure (Version 2011)”. 13.1.2 “Development Policy for Papermaking Industry” Compliance Analysis National Development and Reform Commission issued “Development Policy for Papermaking Industry” (NDRC [2007] No.71 Announcement) on Oct 31st, 2007. According to the 22nd Article, “papermaking industry should develop towards the direction of high level, low consumption and little pollution. High yield pulping technique, biologic technique, low pollution pulping technique, medium consistency technique, ECF or TCF bleaching technique, high effective waste paper deinking technique and relevant equipment shall be encouraged and developed.” This project belongs to medium consistency technique and ECF technique, meeting relevant policies of “Development Policy for Papermaking Industry”. 13.1.3 “‘12th Five-Year Plan’ of Papermaking Industry Development” Compliance Analysis In the “‘12th Five-Year Plan’ of Papermaking Industry Development”, National Development and Reform Committee, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the PRC, and State Forest Administration advocate that, advanced, matured and suitable environment friendly papermaking techniques and equipment shall be promoted. Technique like low energy consume cooking, alkali recovery, closed screening, oxygen delignification, ECF and TCF bleaching, low brightness pulp and papermaking, unbleached pulp and Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA papermaking shall be widely promoted and applied. The industry should pay attention to water pollutant prevention, as well as waste gas and residue treatment. Techniques like closed cycle water system, white water recycle, midcourse waste water multilevel bio-chemical treatment, exhaust gas high efficiency refinery and water residue recycle should be adopted so as to raise the comprehensive environmental management and reduce the discharge of the “three wastes”. Also, currently, companies should conduct technique renovation to accelerate technique equipment update, reduce unit product energy consume and pollutant discharge, and develop cleaner production. In this vein, the oxygen delignification and ECF bleaching techniques adopted in this project are in conformance with “‘12th Five-Year Plan’ of Papermaking Industry Development”. 13.2 Analysis of Compliance to Relevant Plans 13.2.1 “Papermaking Industry Structure Readjustment ‘11th Five-Year Plan’ of Hunan Province” Compliance Analysis According to the “‘11th Five-Year Plan’ of Papermaking Industry Structure Readjustment of Hunan Province” (Hunan Economic Investment [2009] No.12) issued by Hunan Province Economy Committee, papermaking industry in Hunan Province shall be readjusted as: take the advantage of Hunan in papermaking raw material and market area, establish fast-growing forest bases in Yueyang, Yiyang and Changde Dongting Lake Area, develop reed and wood pulp for superior printing-and-writing paper, coated white board, white cardboard, etc. The production of primary pulp of this area would account for 64% and 60% of the whole province by the year 2010 and 2015, and the production of paper and paper board would respectively account for 49% and 48%. The project locates at the Dongting Lake area of Yiyang City, mainly generates superior daily use paper by chemical pulp made from reed, and goes with the plan. Table 13.2-1 Hunan Province Major Pulping and Papermaking Companies Development Plan 2010 and 2015 Capacity in Capacity in Major No. Company Name Type of Pulp 2010 (10 2015 (10 Production thousand tons) thousand tons) chemical wood pulp, newsprint, reed pulp, lightweight chemi-mechanical Tigelin Paper, coated paper, 1 pulp, mechanical 80 130 Yueyang Paper Ind. supercalendered pulp, waste paper paper, paper pulp, commodity board wood pulp 2 Tigelin Paper, chemical wood pulp, 35 70 two-side offset Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA Yuanjiang Paper Ind. chemical reed pulp, paper, NCR chemi-mechanical paper, writing pulp, commodity paper, coated wood pulp paper dissolving pulp dissolving pulp or Tigelin Paper, Changde or 3 chemi-mechanical 30 30 Paper Ind. chemi-mechanic pulp al pulp Changde Heng’an commodity wood superior daily 4 13 18 Paper pulp use paper chemical reed pulp, two-side offset Hunan Xueli Paper Co. 5 commodity wood 7 15 paper, copying Ltd. pulp paper chemical reed pulp, two-side offset Jinbeishun chemi-mechanical 6 20 30 paper, copying Papermaking Co. pulp, commodity paper wood pulp two-side offset Hunan Linyuan chemical reed pulp, paper, copying 7 Papermaking commodity wood 5 15 paper, Company pulp sketching paper two-side offset chemical reed pulp, paper, writing Hunan Changde Paper 8 commodity wood 5 15 paper, Co. Ltd. pulp electrostatic-pri nted paper cup paper, chemical reed pulp, patterned paper, Yueyang Fengli Paper 9 commodity wood 10 20 two-side offset Co. Ltd. pulp paper, copy paper Hunan Tuopu Bamboo & Hemp Production Development Co. Ltd. bamboo and bamboo and hemp 10 (reorganizated from 10 20 hemp pulp and pulp and fibre Hunan Building fibre Material & Paper Factory) Hunan Tianjie two-side offset Papermaking Co. chemical reed pulp, paper, writing 11 (reorganizated from commodity wood 3 10 paper, Anxiang Xiantao pulp electrostatic-pri Papermaking Co. Ltd.) nted paper chemical reed pulp, printing-and-wri Jintaiyang Paper chemi-mechanical ting paper, 12 15 30 Industry Co. Ltd. pulp, commodity blueprint paper, wood pulp copy paper Hunan Zhongye writing paper, Meilong Paper Industry chemical reed pulp, printing-and-wri 13 Co. Ltd.( reorganizated commodity wood 10 20 ting paper, from Changde pulp electrostatic-pri Tianhong Paper Co.) nted paper 13.2.2 “Approval Regulation of Environmental Protection in Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA Papermaking Industry Pollution Management and Company Technique Renovation Project of Hunan Province” Compliance Analysis See Table 13.2-2 for the comparison of the environmental requirements of technique renovation projects stipulated in “Approval Regulation of Environmental Protection in Papermaking Industry Pollution Management and Company Technique Renovation Project of Hunan Province” and the environmental protection measures of this project. Table 13.2-2 Comparison of environmental requirements of technique renovation projects stipulated in “Approval Regulation of Environmental Protection in Papermaking Industry Pollution Management and Company Technique Renovation Project of Hunan Province” and the environmental protection measures of this project If the Environmental Requirements in “the Environmental Measures in Project No. Regulation” Proposed Project Meets the Demands balance between pulp and paper, equipped with alkaline recycle system, recycle 1 yes alkaline and heat power black liquor extract rate of reed black liquor extract rate of non-wood-pulp pulp papermaking project reaches 2 papermaking project reaches 80%, alkaline yes 92%, alkaline recycle rate reaches recycle rate reaches 70% 86% set up sewage treatment plant, discharged waste water quality and quantity reaches 3 yes national standard 4 set up black liquor accident pool, prevent black liquor accidental discharge yes papermaking workshop section equipped with white water recycle system, 5 yes papermaking machine white paper and pulping recycle rate reach 90% boiler and alkaline boiler equipped with exhaust gas desulfurization and precipitating 6 yes device, smoke emitted after being treated and reaching standard proper treat white mud, green mud, boiler ash and mud generated from waste water 7 yes treatment, prevent secondary pollution use minimum chlorine or ECF multi-step use ECF multi-step bleaching 8 yes bleaching technique technique set up sewage draining exit based on demands, establish pollution source online 9 yes monitoring system 10 identify total sewage amount and the source yes The table shows that with technique renovation, Linyuan Paper Company meets the requirements of “Approval Regulation of Environmental Protection in Papermaking Industry Pollution Management and Company Technique Renovation Project of Hunan Province”. Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA 13.3 Feasibility Analysis of the Construction Site 13.3.1 Local Plan Compliance Analysis (I) Compliance with 12th “Five-Year Plan” of Economic and Social Development of Yuanjiang City According to “12th ‘Five-Year Plan’ on Economic and Social Development of Yuanjiang City”, the blueprint for Yuanjiang City is: focus the machine manufacturing, food processing, forest papermaking and board material, cotton and herm spinning, electronic information, bio-chemistry, storage and logistics, etc.; and accelerate the development of yacht and ship manufacturing, modern agriculture and wet land tourism. This project is pulping papermaking, belonging to forest papermaking and board material, thus complies with the blueprint of Yuanjiang City. (II)Compliance with Local Land-use Plan Currently Luhu Reed Field hasn’t formulated relevant development plan yet. This project concentrates on technique renovation within the present factory area, making use of land covered by current factory. Thus the site selection is feasible. 13.3.2 Compatibility with Protection Plan of Dongting Lake Area Linyuan Paper Co. is located at Yuanjiang City Lu Lake Luwei Field, beyond the range of South Dongting Lake wetland and water bird natural conservation area, and East Dongting Lake national natural conservation area. The proposed project doesn’t violate relevant protection plan of Dongting Lake. Linyuan Co. shall strengthen environmental management in regular production, implement risk prevention measures and emergency plan, preventing waste water accidental discharge. 13.3.3 Project Environmental Conditions This project is an environment friendly one which saves water and reduces emission, making use of wash water of same quality with bleaching process into pulp wash and attenuation, reducing the usage of new water and the emission of waste water from midcourse, and adopting medium consistency closed screening so as to reduce screening water for 40%. This project also adopts advanced D-E/O-D1 bleaching, reducing bleaching water and waste water pollution load. The clean water usage in pulp wash process will decrease, the black liquor extract rate, concentration of black liquor and purification of pulp edulcoration will increase and the midcourse waste water pollution load will decrease. These measures will reduce the water Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA consume from 76.7 t/pulp per ton to 67.3 t/pulp per ton and the water drainage from 59 t/pulp per ton to 52.2 t/pulp per ton. CEH bleaching will be replaced with ECF bleaching, reducing the generation of AOX and dioxin. The generation of AOX has decreased from 3.45kg/t pulp to 0.71kg/t pulp. The goal of saving water and energy, reduce emission and pollution, enhance production quality will be attained. Therefore, this project can improve the water environment of the area, and is environmentally feasible. 13.4 Rationality Analysis of the Plane Layout This project is a renovation and expansion project whose plane layout needs not only combining with current production line but also taking the space of newly-added production devices into consideration, so as to make the layout compact and rational. The newly-added bleaching workshop section is located to the south of current bleaching workshop section. ClO2 production workshop is located to the west of the newly-added bleaching workshop section. Oxygen production station and sodium chlorate warehouse are considered to be reconstructed in the abandoned pulping workshop. The technique process of this plan is rational and could increase the quality of production line, and improve the environment of the factory. The renovation and expansion meets the needs of production technique process and material transport, shortening and facilitating logistics of raw materials and productions. The renovation and expansion has made clear region plan to the greatest extent to diffluence the workers and productions and realize a smooth transportation, compact and rational layout, with considerations of both combination with former factory and reducing influence on current production of former factory. Through analysis, the proposed project plane layout is rational. Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA 14 Conclusion and Recommendation 14.1 Overview of the Project (1) Project name: Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd., Technical Renovation Project of 51,000t Pulp ECF Bleaching System; (2) Project nature: Technical renovation; (3) Scale and products: same as before; (4) Construction site and area coverage: in the existing plant site without adding new land; (5) Total investment: 67.49 million yuan; (6) Working system: 340-day a year, four groups for three shifts of 8-hours; (7) Timeframe: to be finished and put into operation within one year. 14.2 Status of Environment (I) Ambient Air Six air monitoring sites have been set up and conducted continuous monitoring for seven days. Daily concentration of SO2, NO2, PM10, TSP monitored at each site meet the class 2 standard in “Ambient Air Quality Standard” (GB3095-1996). Daily concentration of SO2 accounts for less than 27.3% of the standard value; daily concentration of NO2 accounts for less than 29.3% of the standard value; daily concentration of PM10 accounts for less than 72.2% of the standard; daily concentration of TSP accounts for less than 68% of the standard value. It indicates that the daily concentration at each monitoring site meets the class 2 standard in “Ambient Air Quality Standard” (GB3095-1996). The hourly concentration of SO2 and NO2 in each monitoring spot meet the class 2 standard in “Ambient Air Quality Standard” (GB3095-1996). Hourly concentration of SO2 accounts for less than 13% of the standard; hourly concentration of NO2 accounts for less than 18.8% of the standard. NH3, H2S and Cl2 are all below the standard of maximum concentration for residential area in “Hygienic Standards for the Design of Industrial Enterprises”. (II) Surface Water Two respective monitoring spots are set up by Caowei River and Dongting Lake (S1 and S2 by the Caowei River, S3 and S4 by the Dongting Lake). At the four monitoring sites, Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA each monitoring item meets the grade 3 standard in “Ambient Surface Water Quality Standards” (GB3838-2002). (III) Underground Water Sampling stations of underground water have been set up respectively at the water source (well water) of the Tap Water Plant of Luhu Town and at home of Mao Changheng. All of the monitoring factors such as pH, permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen, total hardness, chloride, volatility phenols, nitrate, etc. meet the Standard for grade 3 in “Groundwater Quality Standards” (GB/T14848-93). (IV) Acoustical Environment Seven noise monitoring sites have been set up along the boundary of the factory. The noise value range of the seven noise monitoring sites along factory boundary is 37.9~50.3dB(A) at daytime, and 31.2~41dB(A) in the evening. The results meet the class 2 standards in “Quality Standards for Acoustical Environment” (GB3096-2008). 14.3 Pollution Source and Environmental Protection Measures (I) Waste Water The technique renovation project will generate waste water of 7,834m3/d that needs to be discharged, with a reduction of about 1,016 m3/d, smaller than the sewage treatment capacity of current sewage treatment plant. Thus the technique project will not consider building a new sewage treatment plant, the waste water shall be treated and discharged by the former sewage treatment plant. The treated waste water quality is estimated to be: CODcr≤90mg/L, BOD5 ≤20mg/L, SS≤30mg/L, NH3-N≤8, meeting the requirements of pulping papermaking company emission standard in Table 2 of the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants in Pulping Papermaking Industry” (GB3544-2008). (II) Exhaust Gas 1) Tail gas in absorption tower of ClO2 workshop: the tail gas mainly consists of ClO2 and methyl alcohol. The tail of absorption tower is first absorbed by water in cooling bath of steam jet pump, then discharged by 30m exhaust funnel. In this way, the volume of exhaust gas is very small (500m3/h) and the pollutant is trace organic substance, with a little impact on the environment if discharged into the air. 2) Exhaust gas in pulp workshop: the exhaust gas generated during washing, screening and bleaching of pulping workshop is already existing which is the small amount of bad smell gas generated during bleaching and screening. This technique renovation would set up gas-collecting hood to collect exhaust gas from the technique system, then the gas would be Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA refined in the spray water scrubbing tower and discharged by 15m exhaust funnel. The rate of exhaust gas capture is above 90%, and washing refinery rate is ≥90%. Exhaust gas from pulping workshop would cause a little impact on the environment after being treated. (III) Noise Major noise source in the technique renovation project is water pump, pulp pump and drought fan, etc. The intensity of noise source is 80~95dB(A), after being absorbed, deducted and insulated, the noise of factory boundary during both daytime and evening after put into product will meet the requirement of grade 2 in “Emission Standard of Industrial Company Boundary Noise”. 14.4 Environmental Feasibility of Construction 14.4.1 Compliance with Industrial Policy The project meets the requirements of “Directory Catalogue on Readjustment of Industrial Structure (Version 2011)”, “Regulations on Cogeneration Development”, “Development Policy for Papermaking Industry”, “‘11th Five-Year Plan’ of Papermaking Industry Structure Readjustment of Hunan Province”, and “Approval Regulation of Environmental Protection in Papermaking Industry Pollution Management and Company Technique Renovation Project of Hunan Province”. 14.4.2 Site Selection Feasibility The project will be constructed in the old factory site of former Linyuan Papermaking Company, and the site fits well with the local plan and the protection plan of Dongting Lake area. When the project is completed, the water quality in the assessment area will be improved significantly under normal work conditions. If all the environmental protection measures are implemented, the site selection is feasible. 14.4.3 Cleaner Production Level The project adopts advanced and reliable techniques, reliable, new and high efficiency device to generate chemical reed pulp, so as to reduce pollution from the source, enhance the consume rate of energy. The technical process of cleaner production is among the top of domestic cleaner production. 14.4.4 Emission Attaining Standards Exhaust gas, waste water and noise of the project will all attain standards, and solid waste can be treated effectively. 14.4.5 Total Load Control Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA When the project is completed, the total load of the four pollutants such as COD, NH3-N, SO2, and NOx of the whole factory will be respectively 237t/a, 21.1 t/a, 691.8 t/a, and 201.7 t/a. During the 12th “Five-Year Plan”, the state conducted total load control management on the four major pollutants of COD, NH3-N, SO2, and NOx. Based on current total load indicator of the project, COD discharge after technique renovation is within the indicator range. It is recommended that the total load indicators of NH3-N, SO2, and NOx will be 22t/a, 700t/a, and 205t/a. The total pollutant load control indicator of the project is allocated by Yuanjiang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau. 14.4.6 Conclusion of Environmental Impact Prediction (I) Ambient Air Exhaust gas generated and emitted by this project is mainly absorption tail gas from ClO2 workshop, the tail of absorption tower is first absorbed by water in cooling bath of steam jet pump, and then discharged by 30m exhaust funnel. In this way, the volume of exhaust gas is small (500m3/h) and the pollutant is trace organic substance, with a little impact on the environment if discharged into the air. The exhaust gas generated during washing, screening and bleaching of pulping workshop is the small amount of bad smell gas generated during bleaching and screening. This technique renovation would set up gas-collecting hood to collect exhaust gas from the technique system, then the gas would be refined in the spray water scrubbing tower and discharged by 15m exhaust funnel. The rate of exhaust gas capture is above 90%, washing refinery rate is ≥90%. Exhaust gas from pulping workshop would cause a little impact on the environment after being treated. (II) Surface Water The discharged waste water after the renovation will cause less impact on the receiving water. The concentration of COD and AOX in Caowei River in dry season respectively reduce by 0.027-0.162mg/l and 0.05-0.35 mg/l; the concentration of COD and AOX in Caowei River in normal season respectively reduce by 0.01-0.06mg/l and 0.02-0.13 mg/l. (III) Underground Water The project is constructed at the former site, impermeable facilities would be strengthened and reconstructed during construction period. Impermeable treatment would be comprehensively carried out for the pools, pulp tower, waste water plant, trough, tunnel, etc. Impermeable measures will also be strengthened at the turning, socket, and but joint parts of Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA tunnels and pools, so as to prevent underground water from leaking. The waste water discharge of the project will not cause pollution to underground water. (IV) Acoustical Environment During the operation period, the noise during both daytime and evening of the project meets the class 2 standard of “Emission Standard of Acoustical Environment within Industrial Enterprise Boundary”. 14.4.7 Public Participation The public participation mainly adopts measures like handing out questionnaires, newspaper and information disclosure at websites. The survey has given out 50 questionnaires to individuals and all the questionnaires have been taken back. The respondents cover residents living less than 200m away from the factory, employees of Luhu Middle School, residents of Luhu Town as well as residents that live a little far away from the factory site. Three questionnaires for institutions have been given out. The public involved in the survey shows support to the project. The environmental assessment accepts the suggestions and reasonable requests of the public participants, hoping that the construction institution would pay attention to public opinions, strengthen environmental management in the project, guarantee the pollutant to be emit on standards, improve risk measures and reduce impact on environment during production process. 14.5 Overall Assessment Conclusion Technical Reovation Project of 51,000t Pulp ECF Bleaching System of Hunan Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd. Ltd. meets relevant national and local industrial plan and would greatly benefit local society and economy. According to the estimation, the impact on local environment from the construction and operation of the project would meet the demands of environmental function plan. Waste water, exhaust gas and noise can emit on standard after being treated. The construction of this project is environmentally feasible. 14.6 Recommendation (1) Try to use low sulfur coal in order to reduce the emission of SO2. (2) Guarantee the environmental protection fund and make sure the “Three Simultaneities” will be implemented smoothly. Local environmental protection departments shall trace the implementation of the treatment of “the Three wastes” according to the construction schedule, report it to higher environmental protection authorities, and report the feedback to construction institution. Linyuan Paper Mill Technical Renovation EIA (3) It is suggested that alkaline tower be equipped in the ClO2 workshop to treat tail gas.