SFG2651 V3 The People’s Republic of China World Bank Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of Hunan Agricultural Commission Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals January 2017 1 Project name: Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Client: Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of Hunan Agricultural Commission Assessment unit: Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Institute Qualification certificate No.: G.H.P.Z.Y.Zi No. 2711 Institute Director: Chen Wei Project director: Ouyang Kun Project technical directors: Wang Wei and Wang Ying Project compilers: Xiang Qiulai, Liu Jun, Yao Hui, Yuan Cuiyu, Xun Zhou, Wu Huan and Tang Jinyao 2 Contents Chapter 1 Project Overview ................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project background ......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Lessons learned from similar projects ............................................................................. 2 1.3 Category and characteristics of the project .................................................................... 4 1.4 Environmental assessment method ................................................................................ 4 1.5 Assessment standards ..................................................................................................... 6 1.6 Scope of assessment ..................................................................................................... 11 1.7 Environmental and social sensitive sites ....................................................................... 15 Chapter 2 Framework of laws and regulations .................................................................. 23 2.1 Legal and regulatory framework ................................................................................... 23 2.2 World Bank's safeguard policies and compliance analysis............................................ 34 2.3 Analysis of difference of China's national and local laws and regulations with World Bank’s safeguard policies .................................................................................................... 20 Chapter 3 Project Content .................................................................................................... 30 3.1 Project area overview .................................................................................................... 30 3.2 Project objectives .......................................................................................................... 35 3.3 Construction content of the project .............................................................................. 37 Chapter 4 Environmental Status ......................................................................................... 52 4.1 Natural environment ..................................................................................................... 52 4.2 Ecological environment ................................................................................................. 57 4.3 Social and economic environment ................................................................................ 64 4.4 Current situation of agricultural producing areas ......................................................... 69 4.4.1.3 Current Situation of farmland Hg pollution in Yongding District ............................ 72 4.4.1.4 Current Situation of other heavy metals pollution ................................................. 73 4.5 Investigation and assessment of current environmental quality status ....................... 82 4.6 Investigation of agricultural products ........................................................................... 99 4.7 Social influence identification on environment in project area .................................. 100 Table 4-19 Identification of Environmental and Social Influence in Project Area ............... 100 3 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Chapter 5 Environmental Influence Analysis and Mitigation Measures (ECOP and Specified Point Mitigation Measures) ................................................................................................... 107 5.1 Analysis on influences of the project civil engineering construction activities and mitigation measures .......................................................................................................... 107 5.2 Analysis on surrounding and upstream pollution sources and mitigation measures . 116 5.3 Analysis on influences of agricultural activities and mitigation measures.................. 120 5.4 Analysis on influences on social environment and mitigation measures ................... 138 Chapter 6 Analysis of Alternative Scheme ........................................................................ 150 6.1 Alternative solution analysis ......................................................................................... 150 Table 6-1 Comparison and Selection of With and Without Project ............................... 150 6.2 Comparison and selection of project area .................................................................. 152 6.3 Selection and distribution of project area................................................................... 164 Chapter 7 Analysis of social impact ................................................................................... 169 7.1 Analysis of social impact ............................................................................................... 169 7.2 Analysis of social risks................................................................................................... 173 7.3 Control of social risks.................................................................................................... 176 Chapter 8 Process of Public Participation ........................................................................ 179 8.1 Public participation of environmental impact assessment ......................................... 179 8.2 Public participation of social impact assessment ........................................................ 196 8.2.1 Principle of public participation and information disclosure of project .................. 196 8.2.2Participation of stakeholders in the project preparation stage ................................ 197 8.2.3 Public participation of project execution stage........................................................ 200 8.2.4 Information Disclosure ............................................................................................. 201 8.3 Information disclosure and OPINION FEEDBACK (Complaint) mechanism during project implementing period ......................................................................................................... 203 Chapter 9 Environmental and Social Management Plan ................................................ 208 9.1 Purpose of environmental and social management ................................................... 208 9.2 Contents of environmental and social management plan .......................................... 208 9.3 Environmental and social management system ......................................................... 208 9.3.2 Responsibilities and personnel allocation of each organization of environmental and social management system ............................................................................................... 213 4 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 9.3.3 Environmental and social management tasks in each project stage ....................... 216 9.3.4 Public appeal and feedback mechanism .................................................................. 222 9.4 Environmental and social management training ........................................................ 225 9.4.4 Environmental and social management training plan and fund .............................. 226 9.5 Summary of mitigation measures of environmental and social influence.................. 228 9-6 List of common mitigation measures against environmental and social influences 229 Table 9-7 Summary sheet of influence of specific points and mitigation measures ...... 231 9.6 Environmental Monitoring Plan .................................................................................. 234 9.6.1 Purpose and principle of monitoring........................................................................ 234 9.6.2 Monitoring organization........................................................................................... 235 9.6.3 Environmental monitoring plan ............................................................................... 235 9.6.4 Monitoring report system ........................................................................................ 245 9.7 Estimation of environmental and social management expenses ............................... 245 9.8 Information Management of Environmental Management Plan ............................... 246 9.8.1 Information communication .................................................................................... 246 9.8.2 Recording mechanism .............................................................................................. 247 9.8.3 Reporting mechanism .............................................................................................. 247 9.8.4 Document management........................................................................................... 248 Chapter 10 Conclusion and suggestion.............................................................................. 250 10.1 Project brief ............................................................................................................... 250 10.2 Current situation of environment ............................................................................. 253 10.3 Analysis of influence on project environment and mitigation measures ................. 255 10.4 Analysis of social influence of project and mitigation measures .............................. 256 10.5 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 257 Appendi x 1 ............................................................................................................................ 1 Environmental Protection Procedure of Small Civil Engineering Works ......................... 1 Appendix 2 ............................................................................................................................... 1 Environmental Protection Procedure of Field Irrigation Facility Construction ............... 1 1. Bid invitation and bidding.................................................................................................. 1 2. General provisions ............................................................................................................. 2 5 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 3. Construction Site Management Measures ........................................................................ 4 4. Construction and Facility Management Measures in Construction Site ........................... 6 5. Environmental Protection Rules in Construction Material Yard ....................................... 8 6. Environmental protection provisions on society .............................................................. 9 7. Management provisions on protection of cultural relics and historic sites .................... 10 8. Environmental protection provisions on noise pollution prevention and control.......... 11 9. Environmental protection provisions on atmospheric pollution prevention and control ............................................................................................................................................. 12 10. Environmental protection provisions on water environment influence ....................... 14 11. Environmental protection provisions on disposal of solid wastes ................................ 15 12. Environmental protection provisions on ecological environment ................................ 16 13. Environmental protection provisions on construction safety ....................................... 20 Appendix 3 ............................................................................................................................... 1 Environmental Protection Procedure of Agricultural Activities ........................................ 1 1 Environmental protection measures for lime application ................................................. 1 2 Environmental protection measures for application of leaf surface controlling agent and soil conditioner ...................................................................................................................... 3 3 Environmental protection measures for application of organic fertilizers ........................ 4 4. Environmental protection measures against agricultural package wastes ....................... 6 6 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Chapter 1 Project Overview 1.1 Project background Hunan Province is also called as “a land of nonferrous metals”. Many farmlands are seriously polluted by nonferrous metals arising from industrial and mining waste water as well as dust fall during mining and smelting. In 2011, nonferrous metal pollution survey and monitoring were developed in rice growing areas of 1.8 million mu in surrounding areas of industrial and mining enterprises, irrigation areas and medium-large suburbs distributed in 45 districts and counties, and 12,000 soil samples were collected in all. According to the monitoring results, the heavy metals that pollute farmland mainly included Cd (cadmium), Pb (lead), As (arsenic), Hg (mercury), and Cr (chromium), especially Cd. In regard to the types of agricultural products, mainly rice and vegetables were polluted. In 2013, the reports about “cadmium-polluted rice storm” by some media aroused widespread attentions of society and high attention of government of all levels, caused huge impact on the rice industry in the whole southern China, and sounded the alarm for the issues on current agricultural production security and farmland protection. The grain sales of Yongding District in Hunan Province have been in a very hard status in recent years, and grain dealers such as the grain enterprises are not as active as in the past to positively purchase the farmers’ grains due to the impact of “cadmium rice storm” event. On the one hand, the government has order repeatedly to plant more grains and guarantee steady increase of total grain output, and on the other hand, the farmers’ grains cannot be sold. Grain production and sales suffer serious setback, the benefits of agricultural production and grain processing enterprise are decreased, the rice production positivity is seriously influenced and farmers react angrily. Given this, with the aims of curbing and controlling pollution of heavy metals and organic matters in agricultural producing areas, improving environments of agricultural producing areas, and guaranteeing food safety, Yongding District, on 1 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan behalf of the hilly areas in Hunan Province, is listed as the subproject county of “Integrated Management of Farmland Pollution in Hunan” after rapid risk analysis and research of Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province, so as to provide reference and demonstration for hilly areas in Hunan to explore management modes for farmlands polluted by heavy metals. The project is a Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank loan. Its objectives are to analyze risk factors of heavy-metal-polluted farmlands in Yongding, borrow and introduce heavy-metal-polluted farmland management experience at home and abroad in the selected demonstration farmlands, establish risk-based integrated management mechanism for polluted farmland, demonstrate and popularize the integrated management mode within the final demonstration farmland scope, and then realize safety agricultural production. 1.2 Lessons learned from similar projects From 2014, pollution control and crop planting structure adjustment pilot works were carried out in heavy-metal-polluted farmland of 2,740,100 mu in Changzhutan. Implementation results of the project: VIP remediation mode was adopted; the Cd content of early rice in standard-reaching production area, controlled special production area and substitute planting area all dropped by over 40%, of late rice by 36.7%-72.1%, and the standard-reaching rates of Cd contents of both early rice and late rice obvious increased; the physical and chemical properties of soils became better; pH value of the soils increased slightly. A series of reproducible and propogable technical paths used in the heavy metal control pilot projects in Changzhutan provide valuable experience for integrated management project of polluted farmland in Hunan with World Bank loan, and are of actual significance to management, implementation and operation of technical schemes and projects. (1) In standard-reaching production area, establish service organizations with 2 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan village or town as the unit, adopt recovery technologies and measures in a centralized way, including liming, water management optimization, deep ploughing, foliar fertilizer and organic fertilizer, green manure and soil conditioner (passivator and biological agent), and popularize large-area plantation of low-Cd rice varieties. (2) In controlled special production area, develop emergency treatment, popularize VIP Cd reduction measures, and initiate straw removal and safe utilization pilot; popularize large-area plantation of low-Cd rice varieties, maintain the original planting habits, continue to plant rice, and implement “four-special and one-enclosure” (i.e., “special varieties, special production area, special purchasing enterprise and special storage warehouse”) based on recovery and treatment of farmland polluted by heavy metals, so as to prevent food with Cd content exceeding standard from entering the market. (3) In substitute planting area, conduct crop planting structure adjustment, with the adjustment principles as follows: the Cd contents of non-food crops or edible arts of food crops shall not exceed the national allowable value; select low-Cd crop varieties including watermelon as alternative crops for planting structure adjustment. Therefore, during the development and implementation of integrated management project polluted farmland in Hunan, it’s necessary to summarize experience and lessons of previous similar projects, learn from successful experience, prepare project area address selection scheme and technical scheme, strengthen technical training for farmers in the project area, conduct monitoring of pollution source, soils, agricultural products, irrigation water, lime and organic fertilizers, avoid “simultaneous pollution and treatment” and secondary pollution, intensify supervision on the process of project implementation, launch supervision on key nodes in accordance with the project implementation plan, master such conditions as task implementation, fund utilization and progress in a timely way, establish technical measure implementation supervision teams in all project areas, and build job log and technical measure implementation supervision account, so as to ensure smooth implementation of the project. 3 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 1.3 Category and characteristics of the project Conduct environmental screening of type, position, sensitivity and scale of the project, as well as characteristics and scales of potential environmental influences in accordance with environmental screening and classification requirements stated in Environmental Assessment of Safety Guarantee Policies of World Bank (OP4.01), and then the project is determined as type-A. It’s necessary to provide environmental assessment results required by type-A projects, including environmental and social management framework (ESMF), environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA), environmental assessment summary (EA Summary) and pest management plan (PMP). The objective of the project is to analyze effective data including rice, internal and external agricultural pollution sources and agricultural production management in Yongding District, conduct soil pollution risk assessment, farmland pollution source risk assessment and farmland management risk assessment by combining with actual situation in the project area, put forward corresponding risk management measures for different risk model combinations, and realize safety production of agricultural products through farmland risk control with integrated risk control management mechanism. Main contents of the project include contents of four parts, respectively the risk-based farmland management demonstration, strengthening the agricultural environment monitoring and management, project capacity building and project management and evaluation. 1.4 Environmental assessment method (1) Collect farmland soil status monitoring data, irrigation water quality data and surrounding pollution source (including historical pollution source and present pollution source) data in the proposed sub-project area for data arrangement and analysis; determine the proposed project areas according to the project area selection 4 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan principles stated in the environmental and social management framework. (2) Determine the project implementation area after comparison of proposed project areas; select integrated management technical plan based on farmland soil pollution degrees; analyze the alternative plan from the aspects of technical maturity, construction difficulty, economic cost, acceptance level of the farmers, environmental influence and social influence. (3) Select appropriate assessment scope according to the actual conditions of the project area after the project area is determined. (4) Preliminarily analyze farmland soil pollution in the project area through field survey, data collection and analysis, public consultation and information disclosure. (5) Collect monitoring data or conduct field monitoring according to monitoring data requirements determined in the environmental and social management framework, and prepare field monitoring plan, including monitoring factor, distribution method, sampling quantity, and sampling and analysis method. (6) Conduct due diligence on heavy metal contamination within the assessment scope, including construction and operation of waste gas, wastewater and solid waste disposal facilities; check if concentration and discharge of waste gas and wastewater reach related standards, and if safety disposal is conducted for solid waste; set up environmental management organization and environmental management system. (7) Build risk model in the project area, and adopt rice standard-exceeding situation as the main assessment index of the risk model; make a comprehensive assessment of soil pollution risk, farmland pollution source risk and farmland management risk, determine different risk models for different project areas according to different risks (no risk I, low risk II, medium risk III, high risk IV, extremely high risk V), and put forward corresponding management and control measures. (8) Identify environmental influences (including positive and negative influences) of project activities through analysis of project activities (construction activity, agricultural activity and other activities), and put forward mitigation measures. 5 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan (9) Prepare environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) of the project area; during project implementation, put forward a series of environmental influence mitigation measures, monitoring and organization construction measures, as well as environmental management, so as to eliminate or reduce adverse influence of the project on the environment; prepare plan to guarantee smooth implementation of the above measures. (10) Prepare a comprehensive pest management plan (offprint) for all project areas in the whole province, which is used to guide pest management of sub-projects. (11) Invite the public to fill in the participation questionnaires and convene field symposiums. Investigation scope of public investigation: project areas and areas which may be influenced; objects of public investigation: important stakeholders, including the residents involved in the project areas, the residents near the project areas, public figures who pay close attention to the project, public groups in the project areas including agricultural department, environmental protection department, water conservancy department, animal husbandry department, quality and technology supervision department, safety supervision department, and industrial and mining enterprises, and related experts. Conduct two rounds of public consultation and information disclosure during assessment. The first round is after screening the environmental problems and before the final determination of the environmental assessment outline; the second round is in the completion stage of first draft of environmental assessment report. 1.5 Assessment standards 1.5.1 Quality standards (1) Ambient air: level-2 stated in Quality Standards for Ambient Air (GB3095-2012) (This standard is formulated in order to protect and improve the living and ecological environments, and safeguard human health. It stipulates, 6 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan implements, and supervises the function classification, standard grading, pollutant item, mean time and concentration limit, monitoring method, and data statistics of ambient air. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County implements these standards for evaluation of ambient air). (2) Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002): These standards are formulated in order to prevent water pollution, protect quality of surface water, safeguard human health, and maintain good ecosystem, and they are divided into basic items on environmental quality of surface water, supplementary items and specific items on surface water source of central drinking water system. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County implements these standards for surface water protection). Irrigation water: Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) (these standards specify the methods for implementing the requirements and standards on irrigation water quality, and sampling detection, and they are applicable to China's irrigation water with the surface water, groundwater, treated urban sewage, and the industrial wastewater that has similar quality with urban sewage as the water source. The evaluation and management of the irrigation water of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County shall be subject to this standard). (3) Acoustic environment: type-2 standards stated in Quality Standards for Acoustic Environment (GB3096-2008) (This standard is formulated in order to prevent noise pollution, safeguard the acoustic environment quality for normal life, work, and study of urban and rural residents. It specifies ambient noise limits and measuring methods for 5 acoustic environment function areas. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County adopts this standard for acoustic environment quality and management). (4) Soils: level-II standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) (This standard specifies the maximum allowable concentration index and the corresponding monitoring method for the soil pollutants according to 7 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan the soil function, protect the target and soil application function, target and main properties of the soil. It is applicable to the soil in farmland, vegetable field, tea garden, orchard, pasture, woodland, and nature reserve. In the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County, the farmland soil assessment adopts the grade II standard of Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB15618-1995)). (5) Agricultural products (rice samples): National Standards for Food Safety: Limits of Pollutants in Food (GB2762-2012) (This standard specifies the limited amount index of lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, tin, nickel, chromium, nitrite, nitrate, Benzoapyrene, N- dimethylnitrosamine, PCB and 3-MCPD, and the farm produce (rice) of the farmland environmental pollution integrated management project in Yongding County, Hunan Province shall be subject to this standard). (6) Sediments in irrigation canals: level-II standard limit values stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995). If the dredging sediments fail to exceed Level-II standard, it shall be leveled and backfilled in nearest low areas with little influence on surrounding environment; if the dredging sediments fail to exceed Level-III standard but exceed Level-II standard, it may be applied to the forest land, but if the dredging sediments exceeds Level-III standard, it shall be send to the local refuse landfill for backfilling. 1.5.2 Discharge standards (1) Atmospheric pollutants: level-II stated in Comprehensive Standards for Discharge of Atmospheric Pollutants (GB16297-1996) (This standard specifies 33 atmospheric pollutant emissions limits and also specifies all requirements in the standard implementation process. Activities of Atmospheric Pollutants related to the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County, Hunan Province shall be subject to this standard). (2) Water pollutants: level-I stated in Comprehensive Standards for Discharge of Sewage (GB8978-1996) (with a view to implementing “Environmental Protection 8 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Law of the People’s Republic of China”, “Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People’s Republic of China” and “Marine Environment Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China”), controlling water pollution, keeping the surface water and underground water of rivers, lakes, canals, tunnels, reservoirs and the sea in excellent condition, this standard is thus formulated, and the water pollutant emission activities involved with the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County , Hunan Province shall be subject to this standard). (3) Noises: Environmental Noise Discharge Standards in Construction Site (GB 12523-2011) (With a view to implementing “Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China” and “Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Pollution from Environmental Noise”, controlling the building construction noise pollution, improve the sound environmental quality, this standard is thus formulated, and the noise activities during the construction period involved with the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County, Hunan Province shall be subject to this standard). (4) Solid wastes: Standard for Pollution Control on Storage and Disposal Site for General Industrial Solid Wastes (GB 18599-2001) (revised in 2013) (With a view to implementing “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste”, preventing and controlling the secondary pollution in the storage and disposal of the general storage and disposal of the general industrial solid waste, this standard is thus formulated, and the storage and disposal of the general storage and disposal of the general industrial solid waste (if any) involved with the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County, Hunan Province shall be subject to this standard). Pollution Control Standard of Hazardous Weaste Storage (GB18597-2001 revised in 2013): it stipulates the general requirements of hazardous waste storage, also with the packing of hazardous waste, site selection of storage facilities, operating, safety prevention, monitoring and closing. If any hazardous waste after the enterprises 9 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan moved or closed in Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County, then execute the standard. Table 1-2 Standard Values of Assessment Factors Name of standard Standard value Level-2 stated in Item TSP SO2 NO-2- Quality Standards for Hour average value (ug/m3) / 500 200 Ambient Air Annual average value 200 60 40 (GB3095-2012) (ug/m3) phosphorus Total Ammonia nitrogen Type-II stated in Item pH COD Pb As Cd Cr Hg Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) Standard 6～9 15 0.5 0.1 0.01 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.00005 value (mg/L) phosphorus Ammonia nitrogen Total Type-III stated in Item pH COD Pb As Cd Cr Hg Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) Standard 6～9 20 1.0 0.2 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 value (mg/L) Quality Standards for Item COD SS Cd Pb As Hg Cr Farmland Irrigation Standard 150 80 0.01 0.2 0.05 0.001 0.1 Water (GB5084-2005) value (mg/L) Level-II standards Item pH Pb As Cd Cr Hg stated in Environmental ＜6.5 ≤250 ≤30 ≤0.3 ≤250 ≤0.3 Standard quality standard for 6.5～7.5 ≤300 ≤25 ≤0.3 ≤300 ≤0.5 value (mg/L) soils (GB15618-1995) ＞7.5 ≤350 ≤20 ≤0.6 ≤350 ≤1.0 Level-III standards Item pH Pb As Cd Cr Hg stated in Environmental Standard quality standard for ＞6.5 500 30 1.0 400 1.5 value (mg/kg) soils (GB15618-1995) National Standards for Total Inorganic Item Hg Cd Pb Food Safety: Limits of chromium arsenic Pollutants in Food Standard 1.0 0.2 0.02 0.2 0.2 (GB2762-2012) value (mg/L) Type-2 standards stated Item At daytime At night in Quality Standards for Acoustic Type-2 60dB(A) 50dB(A) Environment standards (GB3096-2008) level-II stated in Item PM SO2 NOX Comprehensive Standards Standard for Discharge of value 120 550 240 Atmospheric Pollutants (mg/m3) (GB16297-1996) Level-I stated in Item pH SS Petroleum Pb As Cd Cr Hg CODCr Comprehensive Standards for Concentration 6～9 70 5 1.0 0.5 0.1 1.5 0.05 100 Discharge of Sewage limit (mg/L) (GB8978-1996) 10 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 1.6 Scope of assessment 1.6.1 Screening Method (1) Include the area that may affect the project area into the assessment scope ① Identify the irrigation water source of project area, and the surrounding potential surface water, groundwater and air pollution sources, including the industrial and mining enterprises involving discharge of heavy metals in upstream of project area, tailings pond, remaining historical pollution source, and slag heap, etc., and determine the areas that may affect the Project, and include them into the assessment scope. ② Heavy metal pollution brought by agricultural productions, such as agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and agricultural wastes. ③ The upstream tailings pond sharing the same surface water system with project area should be included into assessment scope. ④ The mountain pond and reservoir as irrigation water source of project area, as well as the upstream reservoir, river, and sediment in mountain pond shall be included into the assessment scope. (2) Include the area that may be affected by project activities into the assessment scope Identify the project construction activity, agricultural activity (such as applying lime and organic fertilizer) and other project activity, and determine the positive or negative influence area that they may cause, and include such area into the assessment scope. 1.6.2 Screening results Down below is the evaluation scope of this project identified according to the actual situations of the Project Area; refer to Figure 1-1: (1) Luotaping Village Project Area 11 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan The following areas that may influence the project area are brought under the evaluation: Shuangfengyan reservoir, the source of irrigation water( seven kilometers away from the project area of Luotaping Village), the pollutant-holding water Lishui River and Qingyan Iron Ore that influences the project area of Luopingta Village(Located in the upper reach of project area, already shut down in 1960),and the area influenced by the farmer agricultural production activities in project area, such as chemical and organic fertilizer application, agricultural waste generation, disposal means, as well as construction activities, agriculture activities (lime and organic fertilizer application) and other activities. It includes peripheral villages and woodlands, landfill sites, agricultural inputs packing recycling stations, straw collection sites, overproof rice acquisition companies. They are mainly the Taiping Village and Yongding District woodlands, Yongding District landfill site, Yongding District agricultural material recycling station , project area straw collection site and Xiangquan Distillery. (2) Wentang Town Project Area The following areas that may influence the project area are brought under the evaluation: Yaowan reservoir, the source of irrigation water( five kilometers away from the project area of Wentang Town), Yishi River, the pollutant-holding water body (the branch of Lishui River), the historical pollution of Lishui River that influences the project area of Wentang Town (the pollution enterprises on the proximity already shut down), and the area influenced by the farmer agricultural production activities in project area, such as chemical and organic fertilizer application, agricultural waste generation, disposal means, as well as construction activities, agriculture activities (lime and organic fertilizer application) and other activities. It includes peripheral villages, schools and woodlands, landfill sites, agricultural inputs packing recycling stations, straw collection sites, overproof rice acquisition companies. They are mainly the Wentang Village, the seventh middle school of county and Yongding District woodlands, Yongding District landfill site, Yongding District agricultural material recycling station, project area straw collection 12 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan site and Xiangquan Distillery. (3) Houping Town Project Area The following areas that may influence the project area are brought under the evaluation: Dayuwan Reservoir, the source of irrigation water, Lishui River, the pollutant-holding water body , and the historical pollution of Lishui River that influeces the project area of Houping Town (the pollution enterprises on the periphery already shut down), And the area influenced by the farmer agricultural production activities in project area, such as chemical and organic fertilizer application, agricultural waste generation, disposal means, as well as construction activities, agriculture activities ( lime and organic fertilizer application) and other activities. It includes peripheral villages, schools and woodlands, landfill sites, agricultural inputs packing recycling stations, straw collection sites, overproof rice acquisition companies. They are mainly the Wuxi Village, Bajiahe Village, Guangyanju Village, Bajiahe Elementary School, Dayongsuo Middle School and the Yongding District woodland, Yongding District landfill site, Yongding District agricultural material recycling station, project area straw collection site and Xiangquan Distillery. (4) Fengxianggang Village Project Area The following areas that may influence the project area are brought under the evaluation: Tudiyu Reservoir, the source of irrigation water, spring water, Lishui River, the pollutant-holding water body , and the historical pollution of Lishui River that influeces the project area of Fengxianggang Village (the pollution enterprises on the periphery already shut down),and the area influenced by the farmer agricultural production activities in project area, such as chemical and organic fertilizer application, agricultural waste generation, disposal means, as well as construction activities, agriculture activities ( lime and organic fertilizer application) and other activities. It includes peripheral villages and woodlands, landfill sites, agricultural inputs packing recycling stations, straw collection sites, overproof rice acquisition companies. They are mainly the Qingyutan Village, Fengxianggang Village, Darongxi Village, Dingjiarong Village and Yongding District woodland, Yongding District 13 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan landfill site, Yongding District agricultural material recycling station and project area straw collection site and Xiangquan Distillery. (5) Xixiping Project Area The following areas that may influence the project area are brought under the evaluation：ZhangJiaxi reservoir, the source of irrigation water, the pollutant-holding bodies of Shieryuxi and Zhangjiaxi and the ni-mo deposits that influences the project area of Xixiping(located in the upper reach of project area, already shut down in 2008, 80% of mineral waste residue already removed, the remaining under removing),And the area influenced by the farmer agricultural production activities in project area, such as chemical and organic fertilizer application, agricultural waste generation, disposal means, as well as construction activities, agriculture activities ( lime and organic fertilizer application) and other activities. It includes peripheral villages and woodlands, landfill site, agriculture inputs packing recycling stations, straw collection sites, overproof rice acquisition companies. They are the Zhuangjiayu Village, Yongding District woodland, Yongding District landfill site, Yongding District agricultural material recycling station, project area straw collection site and Xiangquan Distillery. (6) Yanghuping Town Project Area The following areas that may influence the project area are brought under the evaluation: Yanghuxi Reservoir, the source of irrigation water, Lijiawan Reservoir, Lishui River, the pollutant-holding water body and the historical pollution of Lishui River that influeces the project area of Yanghuping Town (the pollution enterprises on the periphery already shut down),It includes peripheral villages, schools and woodlands, landfill sites, agricultural inputs packing recycling stations, straw collection sites, overproof rice acquisition companies. They are mainly the Wujiaju Village, Yangchi Village and the Fourth Middle School of Dayong County, the Elementary School of Shawan Brigade and Yongding District woodland, Yongding District landfill site, Yongding District agricultural material recycling station, project area straw collection site and Xiangquan Distillery. 14 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 1.7 Environmental and social sensitive sites According to the field investigation of the project areas, the environmental and social sensitive sites of the project are shown in Table 1-3 and Figures 1-1~13 15 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Table 1-3 Environmental and Social Sensitive Sites in Project Areas of Yongding District No. Name Protection type Scale Remarks Pollutant carrying water body in the project area of Luotaping Township, with Lishui River multi-year average runoff of 13.12 billion m3 and basin area of 18496km2 (including Surface water 1573 6km2 within the territory of Hunan Province) Shuangfengyan Irrigation water source for the project area in Luotahu Town constructed in 1967 and 7km from the project area of Luotaping reservoir reformed in 2010, with a reservoir capacity of 790,000m3. Township Atmospheric environment Farmland treatment area of 51 hectares Taiping Village Mainly the population influenced by civil construction activities, about 5 households and acoustic in Daping Village environment Based on the characteristic of Project multitudinous mountains and area in woodlands, the straw is disposed Straw collection site / Luotapin in the manner of centralized 1 collection and in-situ forest g planting. Townshi Cadmium content（＞0.2mg/kg） p overproof rice accquiring Xiangquan Distillery / company， located in Yongding District Located at Xixiping, Yongding District, receive the heavy metal overproof residuals and substrate sludge dredged from irrigation Gross storage 3.957 million cubic meters, garbage disposal magnitude channel whose heavy metal Yongding District landfill site 250 tons per day content exceeds the Class III standard of "Soil Environment Quality Standard "（GB15618 – 1995） 16 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Used to receive the substrate sludge dredged from irrigation channel whose heavy metal 2.46 million mu in area content exceeds the Class II Yongding District woodland standard of "Soil Environment Quality Standard "（GB15618 - 1995,but satisfies the Class III standard. Agricultural inputs packing Yongding District agricultural / recycling, located in the city zone material recycling station of Yongding District Ethnic minorities Tujia 968 persons Taiping Village is the poverty Population in poverty 95 families in poverty, 296 persons in poverty village at the level of county Located in the upstream of Luotaping Qingyan iron mine Mining scale 2000-10000 t/year Village and closed in 1960 Yishi River Pollutant carrying water body in the project area of Wentang Town Tributary of Lishui River Surface water Irrigation water source for the project area in Wentang Town constructed in 1980 and 5km from the project area in Wentang Yaowan Reservoir reformed in 2012, with a reservoir capacity of 6,744,000m3. Town Project Atmospheric area in environment Farmland treatment area of 125.1 2 Wentang Village Mainly the population influenced by civil construction activities, about 6 households Wentang and acoustic hectares in Wentang Village Town environment Pollution of Lishui River in the Surrounding pollution enterprises have history been closed No.7 middle school of the county Totally about 800 teachers and students Located in Wentang Village Based on the characteristic of Straw collection site / multitudinous mountains and woodlands, the straw is disposed 17 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan in the manner of centralized collection and in-situ forest planting. Cadmium content（＞0.2mg/kg） overproof rice accquiring Xiangquan Distillery / company， located in Yongding District Located at Xixiping, Yongding District, receive the heavy metal overproof residuals and substrate sludge dredged from irrigation The landfill site of Yongding Gross storage 3.957 million cubic meters, garbage disposal magnitude channel whose heavy metal District 250 tons per day content exceeds the Class III standard of "Soil Environment Quality Standard "（GB15618 - 1995） Used to receive the substrate sludge dredged from irrigation channel whose heavy metal content exceeds the Class II Yongding District woodland 2.46 million mu in area standard of "Soil Environment Quality Standard "（GB15618 - 1995）, but satisfies the Class III standard. Agricultural inputs packing Yongding District agricultural / recycling, located in the city zone material recycling station of Yongding District Ethnic minorities Tujia 1,503 persons, Bai 11 persons Population in poverty 75 families in poverty, 296 persons in poverty Project Pollutant carrying water body in the project area of Wuxi Village, with multi-year 3 Surface water Lishui River area in average runoff of 13.12 billion m3 and basin area of 18496km2 (including 15736km2 18 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Houping within the territory of Hunan Province) Town Dayuwan Irrigation water source for the project area in Guangyanju Village constructed in 1958 reservoir and reformed in 2011, with a reservoir capacity of 234,000m3. Farmland treatment area of 146.5 Wuxi Village Mainly the population influenced by civil construction activities, about 5 households Atmospheric hectares in Wuxi Village environment Farmland treatment area of 91.6 Bajiahe Village Mainly the population influenced by civil construction activities, about 4 households and acoustic hectares in Bajiahe Village environment Guangyanju Farmland treatment area of 93.7 Mainly the population influenced by civil construction activities, about 5 households Village hectares in Guangyanju Village Pollution of Lishui River in the Surrounding pollution enterprises have history been closed Bajiahe primary school Totally about 200 teachers and students Located in Bajiahe Village Dayongsuo middle school Totally about 500 teachers and students Located in Wuxi Village Based on the characteristic of multitudinous mountains and Straw collection site woodlands, the straw is disposed / in the manner of centralized collection and in-situ forest planting. Cadmium content（＞0.2mg/kg） overproof rice accquiring Xiangquan distillery / company， located in Yongding District Located at Xixiping, Yongding Gross storage 3.957 million cubic meters, garbage disposal magnitude District, able to receive the Yongding District landfill site 250 tons per day heavy metal overproof residuals and substrate sludge dredged 19 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan from irrigation channel whose heavy metal content exceeds the Class III standard of "Soil Environment Quality Standard " （GB15618 - 1995） Used to receive the substrate sludge dredged from irrigation channel whose heavy metal 2.46 million mu in area content exceeds the Class II Yongding District woodland standard of "Soil Environment Quality Standard "（GB15618 - 1995）, but satisfies the Class III standard. Agricultural inputs packing Yongding District agricultural recycling, located in the city zone material recycling station / of Yongding District Ethnic minorities Tujia 4710 persons, bai 152 persons Population in poverty Family in poverty: 265, Population in poverty: 888 Continued Table 1-3 Environmental and Social Sensitive Sites in Project Areas of Yongding District No. Name Protection type Scale Remarks Irrigation water source for Fengxianggang Village in the project area of Project 2km from the project area of Tudiyu reservoir Fengxianggang Township constructed in 1972 and reformed in 2011, with a area in Fengxianggang Township reservoir capacity of 1,402,000m3. Fengxia 4 Surface water Mountain spring Irrigation water source for the Qingyutang Village, Darongxi Village and nggang water Dingjiarong Village in the project area of Fengxianggang Township Townshi Pollutant carrying water body in the project area of Fengxianggang Township, with p Lishui River multi-year average runoff of 13.12 billion m3 and basin area of 18496km2 20 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan (including 15736km2 within the territory of Hunan Province) Mainly the population influenced by civil construction activities, about 5 Farmland treatment area of 89.96 hectares Qingyutan Village households in Qingyutan Village Fengxianggang Mainly the population influenced by civil construction activities, about 5 Farmland treatment area of 72.1 hectares Village households in Fengxianggang Village Surface water Mainly the population influenced by civil construction activities, about 6 Farmland treatment area of 95 hectares in Darongxi Village households Darongxi Village Mainly the population influenced by civil construction activities, about 4 Farmland treatment area of 11 hectares in Dingjiarong Village households Dingjiarong Village Pollution of Lishui River in the Surrounding pollution enterprises have history been closed Based on the characteristic of multitudinous mountains and woodlands, the straw is disposed in Straw collection site / the manner of centralized collection and in-situ forest planting. Cadmium content （＞ 0.2mg/kg ） Xiangquan distillery / overproof rice accquiring company， located in Yongding District Located at Xixiping, Yongding District, can receive the heavy metal overproof residuals and Gross storage 3.957 million cubic meters, garbage disposal magnitude substrate sludge dredged from Yongding District landfill site 250 tons per day irrigation channel whose heavy metal content exceeds the Class III standard of "Soil Environment Quality Standard " （ GB15618 - 21 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 1995） Used to receive the substrate sludge dredged from irrigation channel whose heavy metal content exceeds Yongding District woodland 2.46 million mu in area the Class II standard of "Soil Environment Quality Standard " （GB15618 - 1995）, but satisfies the Class III standard. Agricultural inputs packing Yongding District agricultural / recycling, located in the city zone of material recycling station Yongding District Identify the ethnic minorities of project area in accordance with the Ethnic minorities 1332 Tujia persons ethnic minorities policy of the World Bank Family in poverty: 240 families, number of population in poverty: 576 Population in poverty persons Based on the characteristic of multitudinous mountains and woodlands, the straw is disposed in Straw collection site / the manner of centralized collection and in-situ forest planting. Irrigation water source in the project area of Xixiping Town constructed in 1973 Zhangjiaxi reservoir and reformed in 2009, with a reservoir capacity of 1,2432,000m3. Project Surface water Shier valley stream area in Pollutant carrying water body in the project area of Xixiping Town Tributary of Lishui River 5 and Zhangjiaxi Xixipin Atmospheric g Town Mainly the population influenced by civil construction activities, about 4 Farmland treatment area of 86.6 hectares environment Zhuangjiayu Village households in Zhuangjiayu Village and acoustic 22 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan environment Located in the upstream of the project Nickel molybdenum mine Mining scale 3000-18000 t/year area in Xixiping Town and closed in 2008 Based on the characteristic of multitudinous mountains and woodlands, the straw is disposed in Straw collection site / the manner of centralized collection and in-situ forest planting. Cadmium content （＞ 0.2mg/kg ） Xiangquan distillery / overproof rice accquiring company， located in Yongding District Located at Xixiping, Yongding District, can receive the heavy metal overproof residuals and substrate sludge dredged from Gross storage 3.957 million cubic meters, garbage disposal magnitude irrigation channel whose heavy Yongding District landfill site 250 tons per day metal content exceeds the Class III standard of "Soil Environment Quality Standard " （ GB15618 - 1995） Used to receive the substrate sludge dredged from irrigation channel whose heavy metal content exceeds Yongding District woodland 2.46 million mu in area the Class II standard of "Soil Environment Quality Standard " （GB15618 - 1995）, but satisfies the Class III standard. Yongding District agricultural Agricultural inputs packing / material recycling station recycling, located in the city zone of 23 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Yongding District Identify the ethnic minorities of project area in accordance with the Ethnic minorities Tujia 1256 persons, bai 14 persons ethnic minorities policy of the World Bank Zhuangjiayu village is a poverty village at the level of county, with 59 Population in poverty families in poverty, totaling 204 persons Continued Table 1-3 Environmental and Social Sensitive Sites in Project Areas of Yongding District No. Name Protection type Scale Remarks Pollutant carrying water body in the project area of Yanghuping Town, with multi-year average runoff of 13.12 Lishui River billion m3 and basin area of 18496km2 (including 15736km2 within the territory of Hunan Province) Irrigation water source for Wujiaju Village in the project area Surface water Yanghuxi reservoir of Yanghuping Town constructed in 1964 and reformed in 2km from the project area of Wujiaju Town Project 2010, with a reservoir capacity of 3,064,000m3. area in Irrigation water source for Yangchi Village in the project area 6 Yanghu Lijiawa reservoir of Yanghuping Town constructed in 1974 and reformed in 2km from the project area of Yangchi Town ping 2008, with a reservoir capacity of 665,000m3. Town Mainly the population influenced by civil construction Farmland treatment area of 87.6 hectares in Wujiaju Village activities, about 5 households Wujiaju Village Surface water Mainly the population influenced by civil construction Farmland treatment area of 57.1 hectares in Yangchi Village activities, about 4 households Yangchi Village No.4 middle school of Dayong County Totally about 600 teachers and students Located in Wujiaju Village Shawa Dadui primary school Totally about 200 teachers and students 24 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Surrounding pollution enterprises have been Pollution of Lishui River in the history closed Based on the characteristic of multitudinous mountains and woodlands, the straw is disposed in the Straw collection site / manner of centralized collection and in-situ forest planting. Cadmium content （ ＞ 0.2mg/kg ） Xiangquan distillery / overproof rice accquiring company ， located in Yongding District Located at Xixiping, Yongding District, can receive the heavy metal overproof residuals and substrate sludge dredged Gross storage 3.957 million cubic meters, garbage from irrigation channel whose heavy Yongding District landfill site disposal magnitude 250 tons per day metal content exceeds the Class III standard of "Soil Environment Quality Standard "（GB15618 - 1995） Used to receive the substrate sludge dredged from irrigation channel whose heavy metal content exceeds the Class II Yongding District woodland 2.46 million mu in area standard of "Soil Environment Quality Standard " （ GB15618 - 1995 ） , but satisfies the Class III standard. Agricultural inputs packing recycling, Yongding District agricultural material / located in the city zone of Yongding recycling station District Ethnic minorities Tujia 2089 persons Population in poverty Families in poverty: 81, Population in poverty: 216 25 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Figure 1-1 Map of Yongding District Project Area Location and Enterprises Involved with Heavy Metal Pollution, Distribution of Environment Sensitive Points and Evaluation Scope 16 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Figure 1-2 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Fengxianggang Village, Fengxianggang Township Figure 1-3 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Qingyutan Village, Fengxianggang Township 17 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Figure 1-4 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Dingjiarong Village, Fengxianggang Township Figure 1-5 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Darongxi Village, Fengxianggang Township 18 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Figure 1-6 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Bajiahe Village, Houping Town Figure 1-7 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Guangyanju Village, Houping Town 19 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Figure 1-8 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Wuxi Village, Houping Town Figure 1-9 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Taiping Village, Luotaping Township 20 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Figure 1-10 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Wujiaju Village, Yanghuping Town Figure 1-11 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Yangchi Village, Yanghuping Town 21 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Figure 1-12 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Wentang Village, Wentang Town Figure 1-13 Environmental Sensitive Sites in Zhuangjiayu Village, Xiping Town 22 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Chapter 2 Framework of laws and regulations 2.1 Legal and regulatory framework (1) Relevant national laws, regulations, and policies Constitution of the People’s Republic of China (revised in 2004): The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China stipulates that all ethnic groups in the People’s Republic of China are equal. The state protects the lawful rights and interests of the ethnic minorities and upholds and develops a relationship of equality, unity and mutual assistance among all of China’s nationalities. Discrimination against and oppression of any nationality are prohibited; any act which undermines the unity of the nationalities or instigates division is prohibited. The state assists areas inhabited by ethnic minorities in accelerating their economic and cultural development according to the characteristics and needs of the various ethnic minorities. Regional autonomy is practiced, autonomous organ is set up, and the power of autonomy is exercised in the areas where people of ethnic minorities live in compact communities. All national autonomous areas are integral parts of the People's Republic of China. All nationalities have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages, as well as the freedom to preserve or reform their own customs. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall strictly obey the regulations of the Constitution on equality of nationality, fully respect the cultural custom, religious belief, spoken and written languages of ethnic minority regions, and promote the social and economic development in ethnic minority regions. Law of People’s Republic of China on Regional National Autonomy (implemented on October 1, 1984): Regional national autonomy means that the ethnic minorities, under unified state leadership, practice regional autonomy in areas where they live in concentrated communities and set up organs of self-government for the exercise of the power of autonomy. Regional national autonomy embodies the State’s full respect for and guarantee of the right of the ethnic minorities to administer their internal affairs and its adherence to the principle of equality, unity and common prosperity for all the nationalities. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall fully respect the ethnic minorities’ 23 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan right of autonomy instead of interfering in their internal affairs. Law of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China (implemented on January 1, 2015): The regulations on environmental protection of this law, which shall be observed by the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land, in order to protect and improve the environment, prevent pollution and other public hazards, safeguard public health, advance ecological civilization construction, and promote the sustainable development of economy and society. Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution (implemented on June 1, 2008): The regulations formulated, in order to prevent water pollution, protect and improve environment, guarantee safety of drinking water, and promote the all-round and harmonious sustainable development of economy and society. Applicable to prevention and control of surface water and ground water pollution in rivers, lakes, canals, channels, and reservoirs within the territory of the People's Republic of China. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on prevention and control of water pollution. Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution (implemented on January 1, 2016): This law specifies the supervision system and main legal system for prevention and control of atmospheric pollution, main measures and legal liabilities for prevention and control of atmospheric pollution caused by combustion, emission pollution of motor vehicles and ships, and waste gas, dust and odor pollutions. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on prevention and control of atmospheric pollution. Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution (implemented on April 1, 2005): Applicable to prevention and control of the environment polluted by solid waste within the People's Republic of China, in order to prevent the environment from being polluted by solid waste, safeguard human health, maintain ecological security, and promote the sustainable development of economy and society. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the 24 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan regulations of this law on prevention and control of solid waste. Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise Pollution (implemented on March 1, 1997): Applicable to prevention and control of environmental noise pollution within the People's Republic of China, in order to prevent the environmental noise pollution, protect and improve the living environment, safeguard human health, and promote the sustainable development of economy and society. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on prevention and control of environmental noise pollution. Law of the People’s Republic of China on Evaluation of Environmental Effects (implemented on September 1, 2003): To analyze, forecast, and evaluate the possible environmental impacts after implementation of planning and construction project, and propose the countermeasures to prevent or ease the adverse environmental impacts, as well as the method and system for tracking monitoring, this law stipulates that construction of projects that have environmental impact within the territory of the People’s Republic of China and other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People’s Republic of China shall be subject to environmental impact assessment according to this law. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall evaluate the environmental impacts in accordance with this law. Law of the People’s Republic of China on Preservation of Antiques (October 2002): In order to strengthen regulations on protection of cultural relics, this law stipulates that within the scope of protection and the area for construction control of a protected historical and cultural site, no facility that pollutes the site and the environment thereof shall be constructed, neither any activity that may affect the safety and environment of that site shall be carried out. The already polluted historical and cultural site and its environmental facilities shall be controlled in a time limit. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on preservation of antiques. Labor Law of the People’s Republic of China (implemented on January 1, 1995): formulated in order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of laborers, adjust labor 25 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan relationships, establish and safeguard a labor system suited to the socialist market economy, and promote economic development and social progress. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on protection of employees’ rights and interests. Labor Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China (implemented on January 1, 2008): formulated in order to improve the labor contract system, specify the rights and obligations of the parties to the labor contract, protect the legal rights and interests of employees, build and develop the harmonious and stable labor relations. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on employees labor contract. Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Promotion of Employment (implemented on January 1, 2008): enacted in order to promote employment, coordination between economic development and employment increase, and harmony and stability of society. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on employment training, etc. The Social Insurance Law of the People’s Republic of China (implemented on July 1, 2011): formulated for the purposes of regulating social insurance relationship, protecting the legal rights and interests of citizens in participating in social insurance and enjoying social insurance benefits, enabling citizens to share the development achievements and promoting social harmony and stability. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall abide by the regulations of this law on social insurance. Regulations on the Protection of Basic Farmland of People’s Republic of China (December 27, 1998): Primary purpose of delimiting protection areas of basic farmlands is to implement special protection of basic farmlands, so as to meet needs of China's future population and national economic development for agricultural products, and guarantee the sustainable, stable and rapid development of agricultural production and even national economy. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land may need to occupy basic farmlands, and shall observe the regulations of this law on protection of basic 26 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan farmlands, if the protection areas of basic farmlands can't be avoided. The 13th Five-year Plan for Ethnic Minority Undertakings (implemented in November 2016): this plan is made by combining the actual situation of ethnic minorities in Hunan Province and minority areas, in order to achieve the strategic target of building a moderately prosperous society. According to the work ideas of "develop with project leading, work with project implementation, and plan with project supporting", this plan proposes 12 categories, 66 key construction projects, and policy measures in 8 aspects, including finance and taxation, finance, investment, land, ecology, industry, talent, and counterpart assistance. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall be fully combined with the 13th Five-year Plan for Ethnic Minority Undertakings of Hunan Province to implement the mutual promotion. Regulation on the Implementation of the Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China (Decree No. 256 of the State Council) (implemented on December 27, 1998):Article 47 stipulates that for expropriating land, the compensation shall be made according to the original purposes of the land expropriated. Compensation fees for land expropriated include land compensation fees, resettlement fees and compensation for attachments to or green crops on the land. The current land expropriation compensation system is determined in accordance with Article 47 of the Land Administration Law. If the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land involves land expropriation compensation, the specific standards for compensation and settlement shall be formulated in accordance with Article 47 of the Land Administration Law. The State Council’s Decision on Deepening Reform and Managing Strictly Land (GF [2004] No. 28) (implemented on October 21, 2004) further specifies that the procedure for approval and compensation of basic farmland expropriation shall be rigorously enforced, and the expropriation compensation shall be implemented according to the legal highest standard for approval of the basic farmland occupation. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall follow the procedure stipulated by this law for approval and compensation of basic farmland expropriation. 27 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Guidance on Improving the System for Land Expropriation Compensation and Settlement (GTZF [2004] No. 238) (implemented on November 3, 2004): Formulated for the purposes of rational use of land, and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the land-expropriated farmers, this law develops and improves the expropriation compensation standard, approaches of resettlement of land-expropriated farmers, expropriation working procedure, and expropriation implementation and supervision. Involving the guiding work for land expropriation and resettlement, the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land needs to obey the compensation and resettlement stipulated by this law. Measures for Announcement of Land Expropriation (Decree No. 10 of Ministry of Land Resources) (implemented on January 1, 2002): These measures are formulated in order to standardize the announcement of land requisition, protect the legal rights and interests of rural collective economic organizations, villagers or other obligees. These measures stipulate that if farmers' collectively owned land is expropriated, the land expropriation scheme and compensation shall be announced in written form within the village and group where the expropriated land locates. The land-expropriated rural collective economic organizations, villagers or other obligees may have different opinions on land expropriation compensation and resettlement scheme, or have the right to hold a hearing. In accordance with these measures, the land expropriation compensation and resettlement scheme involved by the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land belong to announcement and need to be announced and accept the social supervision. Notice of Ministry of Land Resources and Ministry of Agriculture on Improving Facilities and Farmland Management (GTZF [2010] No. 155 Document) (implemented on September 30, 2010): This law is formulated in order to solve the prominent problems in land expropriation, such as low compensation standard, one land different price, and high randomness. It specifies all links, such as calculation method, organization and implementation steps of land expropriation expenses, and provides the clear, specific, and feasible guiding basis for calculation of land expropriation compensation expense. Therefore, it can be implemented in accordance with this law, when the Hunan Integrated Management 28 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan of Contaminated Agricultural Land needs to formulate and calculate the unified annual output standard and area's comprehensive land price for land expropriation. National Soil Pollution Investigation Bulletin (issued by Ministry of Environmental Protection, and Ministry of Land Resources on April 17, 2014): From April 2005 to December 2013, China conducted the first survey of national soil pollution status and basically mastered the overall status of national soil environment quality. The National Soil Pollution Investigation Bulletin was published according to the survey results, and its grading method of heavy metal pollution degree was cited in the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land as the pollution grading method of heavy metals except cadmium. Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution (issued by the State Council, May 31, 2016): This action plan is made in order to strengthen prevention and control of soil pollution, and gradually improve soil environment quality, and it can serve as the reference for Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land to formulate the management measures for polluted farmlands. (2) Standards Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995): This standard stipulates the index value of maximum allowable concentration of pollutants in soil and corresponding monitoring method, according to soil applications, protection objects, and main properties of soil. It is applicable to the soil in farmland, vegetable field, tea garden, orchard, pasture, woodland, and nature reserve. In the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land, the farmland soil assessment adopts the grade II standard of Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB15618-1995), canal desilting adopts the grade III standard of Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB15618-1995). Without exceeding the grade III standard, the dredging sediments can be applied to woodland; otherwise, they shall be sent to the local landfill for landfill. Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002): These standards are formulated in order to prevent water pollution, protect quality of surface water, safeguard 29 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan human health, and maintain good ecosystem, and they are divided into basic items on environmental quality of surface water, supplementary items and specific items on surface water source of central drinking water system. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land strictly implements these standards for surface water protection. Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005): these standards specify the methods for implementing the requirements and standards on irrigation water quality, and sampling detection, and they are applicable to China's irrigation water with the surface water, groundwater, treated urban sewage, and the industrial wastewater that has similar quality with urban sewage as the water source. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land strictly implements these for evaluation and management of the irrigation water. Quality standard for ground water (GB/T14848-1993): This standard is formulated in order to protect and develop the groundwater resources reasonably, prevent and control pollution of ground water, safeguard human health, and promote economic development, and it stipulates the quality classification, quality inspection, evaluation method, and quality protection of ground water. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land adopts this standard for evaluation of ground water. Ambient air quality standard (GB3095-2012): This standard is formulated in order to protect and improve the living and ecological environments, and safeguard human health. It stipulates, implements, and supervises the function classification, standard grading, pollutant item, mean time and concentration limit, monitoring method, and data statistics of ambient air. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land adopts this standard for evaluation of ambient air. Environmental quality standard for noise (GB3096-2008): This standard is formulated in order to prevent noise pollution, safeguard the acoustic environment quality for normal life, work, and study of urban and rural residents. It specifies ambient noise limits and measuring methods for 5 acoustic environment function areas. Hunan Integrated Management of 30 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Contaminated Agricultural Land adopts this standard for acoustic environment quality and management. Integrated emission standard of air pollutants (GB12697-1996): This standard specifies the emission limit of 33 air pollutants, as well as various requirements during implementation of the standard. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land needs to implement this standard for the activities involving discharge of air pollutants. Standards for pollution control on the storage and disposal site for general industrial solid wastes (GB 18599-2001): this standard is formulated in order to prevent and control the secondary pollution of general industrial solid waste in storage and disposal site. It specifies the location, design, operating management, closing and sealing, pollution control and monitoring of general industrial solid waste's storage and disposal site. Involving the storage and disposal of general industrial solid waste, the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall implement this standard. Standard for Pollution Control on Hazardous Waste Storage (GB18597-2001 2013 Revision): this standard is formulated in order to prevent the environmental pollution during storage of hazardous wastes, and strengthen the supervision and management of hazardous wastes storage. It specifies the general requirements on storage of hazardous wastes, as well as the requirements on location design, operation, running, safety protection, monitoring and closure of packing and storage facilities of hazardous wastes. If hazardous wastes are involved in relocation or closure of the enterprises in the area of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land, this standard shall be implemented. (3) Relevant policies of Hunan Province Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of Hunan Province: In Chapter 12, it proposes to speed up the agricultural modernization and improve the agricultural product quality safety system, and it specifies implementing differentiated land management policies, scientifically determining various land scales, and strictly controlling the land use. For different main functional area, different total pollutant discharge control and environmental standard are implemented. Hunan Integrated 31 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land needs to be included into the development objectives of "The 13th Five-year Plan" of Hunan Province, for performance assessment. Notice of the People’s Government of Hunan Province on Adjusting the Compensation Standard for Land Expropriation of Hunan Province (XZF [2012] No. 46) (December 18, 2012): This law is formulated in order to further standardize the land expropriation compensation of Hunan Province, and safeguard the legal rights and interests of land-expropriated rural collective economic organizations and farmers. This law stipulates that the land expropriation compensation standard includes both land compensation and resettlement compensation. Collective land for construction, rural roads, ponds and other agricultural land shall be expropriated in accordance with the local compensation standard for land expropriation. As stipulated by the above law, involving expropriation of farmland, the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land shall give land compensation and resettlement subsidy to the one with land expropriated, in accordance with the local compensation standard for land expropriation. Several Preferential Policies of the People’s Government of Hunan Province on Accelerating the Social and Economic Development of Ethnic Minorities and Ethnic Regions (April 25, 2000): These policies are preferential policies formulated in order to speed up the economic development and social progress of ethnic minorities and ethnic regions; increase investment efforts in ethnic regions; accelerate construction of transportation, electric power, and communication in ethnic regions; alleviate poverty in ethnic regions through development; introduce preferential fiscal and taxation policies in ethnic regions; increase special ethnic fund; speed up agricultural development of ethnic regions; continue the grain for green and differential subsidy for grain; support ethnic regions to accelerate construction of small towns; strongly support adjustment of the industrial structure in ethnic regions, and speed up reform, reorganization, and restructuring of enterprises; implement national and provincial preferential policies on ethnic trade and fixed manufacturer of ethnic articles; help ethnic regions to speed up technology progress; cultivate and introduce various talents. If the area of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land involves the 32 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan implementation of EMP item points, policy advantages shall be fully taken to realize the social and economic development of ethnic regions. 33 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 2.2 World Bank's safeguard policies and compliance analysis The World Bank formulates ten safeguard policies in social and environmental aspects. Identify whether the ten policies are involved according to the project nature, determined assessment scope and field investigation, with results shown in Table 2-1. Table 2-1 Analysis of Compliance of WB Safeguard Policies Involved in the Project If No. Safeguard policies Compliance applicable The project is designed to demonstrate a risk-based integrated approach to managing agricultural land contaminated with heavy metals and other pollutants for safe agricultural production in selected counties in Hunan. This project aims to demonstrate the risk-based approach to managing contaminated farmlands, and thus has significant positive environmental OP/BP 4.01 and social benefits. The impacts mainly the construction related activities during the construction of the small civil works 1 Environmental Yes such as irrigation canals on the farmland, however, the heavy metal pollution sources could be significant to the environment Assessment and community health if not well managed. If agricultural products contaminated with heavy metals in the project area inflow to the market, it will have a negative impact on society and will lead to food safety issues. Therefore, the project is classified as Category A as per OP4.01 Environmental Assessment. OP/BP 4.04 2 The project is mainly a farming area with frequent human activities. There is no natural habitat here. No Natural Habitats OP/BP 4.36 The policy is not used. The project will not support major changes or degradation activities of important forest regions or 3 No Forests related important natural habitats determined by the policy. The project will support sustainable soil management practice to restore and maintain the soil quality, including chemical management. Therefore, Pest Management (OP/BP4. 09) is used in the project. It’s necessary to prepare a pest management plan (PMP), which puts forward pest control and management method, and stresses the method of integrated pest OP/BP4.09 4 management and recommends application scopes under various conditions, and provides a list of fertilizers, insecticides and Yes Pest Management herbicides conforming to category requirements recommended by the World Health Organization according to the project demands. PMP should also include training and monitoring scheme for project stakeholders, with implementation of training and monitoring scheme included in the project budget. OP/BP 4.11 There is no cultural relics protection unit in the project area. No occupation or removal of graves is involved; however, it’s 5 Physical Cultural No necessary to adopt Disposal Procedures of Cultural Relics. Resources OP/BP 4.37 The project construction involves flooding irrigation, and water source reservoir dam, including irrigation water source 6 Yes Safety of Dams Shuangfengyan Reservoir, Yaowan Reservoir, Dayuwan Reservoir, Tudixia Reservoir, Zhangjiaxi Reservoir, Yanghuping 34 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Reservoir and Lijiawan Reservoirz. It triggers Safety of Dam Guarantee Policy (OP/BP4.37) of the World Bank. The dam safety is completed by the hired dam safety experts. OP/BP4. 10 This project does not apply to the World Bank's definition of ethnic minorities and does not trigger the Bank's policy on 7 No Aboriginal People ethnic minorities. OP/BP4. 12 The majority of civil construction activities in the project villages do not require land acquisition or demolition, and do not 8 Involuntary No involve involuntary resettlement. Resettlement OP/BP7.50 9 Projects in International The policy is not used; there is no international watercourse involved in the project area. No Waterways OP/BP 7.60 10 Project in Disputed The policy is not used; there is no disputed area involved in the project area. No Areas According to the above identification results, the applicable safeguard policies are as follows: ⑴Action strategy/bank procedure of the World Bank: Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01); ⑵Action strategy/bank procedure of the World Bank: Safety of Dam (OP/BP 4.37); ⑶Action strategy/bank procedure of the World Bank: Pest Management (OP/BP 4.09). 35 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 2.3 Analysis of difference of China's national and local laws and regulations with World Bank’s safeguard policies (1) Difference of China's national and local laws and regulations with World Bank's safeguard policies  OP/BP4. 01 Environmental Assessment (EA) Generally speaking, World Bank's requirements on project's EA are basically consistent with China's requirements on EA, but differ a little in some emphasis points and procedure contents. Word Bank has stricter regulations and requirements than domestic ones, while China has its own features in EA. Firstly, the classification method differs. China's Directory of EA Classification and Management specifies the quantitative index thresholds, so as to determine whether the project needs the EA report/table. EA report is subdivided into 3 job classes. World Bank adopts the qualitative classification standard, where experts judge and divide into Class A, B, C projects according to EA policies. Class A and B projects are basically the same in EA contents, unlike China, where the EA scope, period, content, and method are specified after job class is divided further. Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land belongs to Class A project, so EA shall be performed in accordance with World Bank's requirements on Class A project. Secondly, the area of influence and range of assessment may differ with projects. World Bank pays simultaneous attention to the impacts and possible impacts of the project. Therefore, when making EA of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land, possible impacts of this project on environment shall be fully considered, and the prepared prevention, mitigation or compensation measures for adverse environmental impacts shall be listed in EA. Thirdly, EA tools differ. China has the planning environmental assessment (EA), EA report, and EA report form, while the World Bank has the strategic EA, regional EA, ESIA, ESMP, EMP, ESMP, ESMF, ECOP, and assessment of hazards and risks involved in due 20 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan diligence. For the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land, ESMF and ESIA have been prepared, and ESIA includes the ESMP and ECOP. Fourthly, when judging environmental impacts of the project, apart from considering the project type, scale, place, and sensitivity, the World Bank has to consider its social impacts comprehensively, closely combine EA and SA (social assessment), however domestic project often makes SA independently. Therefore, when making EA of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land, the social impacts brought by project activities shall be identified fully, and corresponding mitigation measures shall be proposed. Fifthly, public participation. World Bank attaches great importance to information disclosure and public participation. Class A project requires public consultation for at least twice: after completion of EA outline and first draft of EA, In China, EA of project also requires public consultation for twice: after determination of EA presiding unit and completion of first draft of EA report. Therefore, public participation of project shall be carried out in accordance with the procedures of the World Bank, during EA of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land. Sixthly, associated projects. World Bank requires the due diligence, impact analysis, and proposing measures for the items or facilities affected by this project or affecting this project. During EA of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land, due diligence shall be conducted to the pollution source that affects this project area, and measures shall be taken to mitigate the impacts. Seventhly, World Bank has EHS guidelines for safety and health, while China has independent safety evaluation. Therefore, Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land needs to introduce the applicable measures for EHS guidelines into this project. Eighthly, analyze the alternative schemes. Generally, China's EA requires no comparison or analysis of various schemes for the project. Although the Technical 21 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Guidelines for Environmental Assessment requires analysis of alternative schemes for grade I projects, generally EA only demonstrates the rationality of the scheme selected through feasibility study in practice. World Bank requires analysis of alternative schemes for EA of Class A project and it requires the systematic comparison of different scheme's impacts on environment, feasibility of easing these impacts, investment and operating costs for mitigation measures, fitness to local conditions, and requirements on training and monitoring. These alternative schemes may be different construction place, different type of process, raw material, operating conditions, and mitigation measures. ESMF of the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land has compared the project county, project area, and with and without project, to provide scientific basis for project decision. Ninthly, EMP and ESMP lay special emphasis on implementation of measures, supervision during project implementation is required in special chapters of ESIA and EIA, while strengthening measure supervision during project implementation is proposed in the latest domestic technical standard, coinciding more and more with World Bank policies.  OP/BP 4. 04 Natural Habitats The World Bank supports the protection, maintenance, and restoration of the natural habitat and its functions, and expects the debtor to take defensive measures in management of natural resources, to ensure the sustainable development of the environment. If the project includes a natural habitat, relevant environmental experts shall be arranged to participate in stages of project preparation, evaluation, and inspection, to ensure to formulate and implement the sufficient mitigation measures. The World Bank won't support the project that causes great transformation or degeneration to critical natural habitats. China has issued the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Nature Reserves, Regulations on Management of Land in Nature Reserves, Regulations Of the People's Republic Of China on Wild Plants Protection, which don't support the project that causes great transformation or degeneration to critical natural habitats either. The area of 22 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan the Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land is mainly cultivation area that has frequent human activities and involves no natural habitat.  OP/BP 4. 36 Forests Forestry factors are considered by the World Bank in order to reduce excessive deforestation, improve environmental construction of forest, propagate afforestation, alleviate poverty, and encourage economic development. The World Bank won't provide funds for felling trade or purchase of tools made of primary tropical rain forest. The bank's lending behavior in forestry is based on government commitment, to ensure the forest management and directional protection. Similarly, Chinese government has implemented protection policies for forestry and formulated the Forest Law of the People’s Republic of China to strictly forbid logging of natural forest and virgin forest, propagate afforestation. Besides, it has formulated and implemented multiple forestry ecological projects and plans, and planted trees vigorously to protect the ecological environment.  OP/BP 4. 09 Pest Management When helping the debtor to prevent and control the pest that affects agricultural or public health, the World Bank advocates and supports this strategy: popularize the biological or environmental control method, and reduce dependence on chemical synthesis pesticides. Among the projects subsidized by World Bank, the debtor studies the problems on pest management through EA of this project. When evaluating the project involving pest management, the World Bank will evaluate the legal and regulatory framework of this state and the capability of the organization, to see whether they can promote and support the safe and effective pest management that benefits the environment. When necessary, the World Bank and the debtor will include relevant contents into the project components to strengthen such capability. In order to boost the specialized uniform prevention and control of crop pest, the pest management policy of the World Bank is striving to prevent the use of and the exposure to dangerous pesticide and the World Bank won't finance any product that is listed by WHO as IA or IB product or belongs to Class II product. Chinese 23 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan government has formulated the Regulations on Specialized Uniform Prevention and Control of Crop Pest, to advocate supports of the organization that develops the specialized uniform prevention and control of crop pest, standardize the service behaviors of specialized uniform prevention and control, improve the pest prevention and control capability of crops, guarantee the safety of food, agricultural products, and ecological environment. Meanwhile, Chinese government has also published the list of high-toxic pesticides expressly prohibited by the state to use on vegetables, fruit trees, tea leaves, and Chinese herbal medicines. The World Bank and China have consistent requirements on pest management.  OP/BP 4. 11 Physical Cultural Resources Compared with China, World Bank has wider identification scope of physical cultural resources, for instance, the ancestral temple, ancient wells, and old houses which are not listed into domestic protection scope may be listed by the World Bank into the protection scope, but both are consistent in principle and management of cultural relics. Therefore, when we make EA of the World Bank's projects, we shall define the World Bank's policies and cultural resources more clearly, and take corresponding protective measures for projects involving physical cultural resources.  OP/BP 4. 37 Safety of Dams The World Bank pays attention to safety of its financed new dam, and the built dam directly subordinated to its financed project. The World Bank requires the debtor to accept and take safety measures for the dam, during design, bid invitation, construction, operation, and maintenance of the dam and relevant buildings. Chinese government has also given strict requirements for dam safety, issued the Regulations on the Safety Administration of Reservoir Dam, and proposed that the dam shall be constructed and managed in accordance with the policy of safety first. Dam construction shall conform to the technical standard for dam safety prepared by the administrative department for water resources under the State Council jointly with related dam authorities, and have the engineering 24 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan design. The unit with relevant qualification certificate shall perform the engineering design of the dam, and implement the periodic safety inspection and verification system, which are consistent with World Bank's policy requirements.  OP/BP4. 10 Ethnic Minority In China, except for Han people which account for around 90% of the total population of the country, all other ethnics are considered as the ethnic minority. There is some difference between the definitions by World Bank and Chinese government. The WB IP definition as follows: 1) Self-identification as member of a distinct indigenous cultural group and recognition of this identity by others; 2) Collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories in the project area and to the natural resources in these habitats and territories. 3) Customary cultural, economic, social, or political institutions that are separate from those of the dominant society and culture. 4) use an indigenous language, which is often different from the official language of the country or region. According to the definition of WB, ethnic minority means an ethic with its own unique culture and language, and the whole group lives in a specific geographic area, this definition is different from China: even if an ethnic person lives away from his or her original ethnic minority area, such as living in a city, such a person would also still be seen as an ethnic minority. SA group will identify the project area based on World Bank's policy on ethnic minorities; if there is the ethnic minority that meets the definition of World Bank's policy on ethnic minorities, the EMDP will be launched.  OP4.12 Involuntary resettlement Generally speaking, there are no huge differences between involuntary resettlement policy in both China and WB OP4.12, there purpose and normal procedure are the same. Both of them pay attention to avoid involuntary resettlement or try to minimize it and 25 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan make sure a long-term living for those immigrants at the level they used to have. During the process of involuntary resettlement activities, not only compensation but also healing, ME are required. However, there are some policy gaps between these 2 sides. Firstly, related projects in involuntary resettlement range. When focus on the involuntary resettlement, WB concerns both within and related involuntary resettlement immigrants. But China only focus on the within part. Secondly, compensation for legal or illegal buildings and illegally occupation. Generally, according to the policy in China, only legal one would get the compensation, by comparison, WB accept both legal and illegal ones to get compensation. Thirdly, compensation standard. WB requests to compensate all replacement costs or replace affected house and other property with property directly due to OP4.12 policy. However, WB also stipulate if the replacement costs cannot meet the standard in specific country totally, then other methods should be adapted. This policy do not stand the idea of depreciation， hence, compensation standard in WB is always higher than it in countries. Forthly, public participation. Chinese Government has a very indistinct requirements for participation and consultation in policies. Except for the water and electrify project, no policies have required affected immigrants to participate in the resettlement project. But WB has a clear requirement about public(especially affected groups) to join in designing, planning, implementing EA and complaining handling procedure, and treated these as a policy of revealing. WB encourages owners send brochures to the public. SA group will identify the involuntary resettlement in the project area based on the World Bank’s operation guide lines— OP4.12. If there is involuntary resettlement in a wide range, RPF will be formulated according to the World Bank policy; if there is small range or the possibility of land expropriation in the project area later can't be excluded, the abbreviated RPF will be formulated according to World Bank policy.  OP/BP7. 50 International Watercourse Project In each international watercourse project, the World Bank requires that the agreement 26 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan properly reached between the beneficiary country and other watercourse ownership country has included the problems involved; other watercourse ownership countries will reply to the beneficiary country or the World Bank actively, to show approval, no objection or supporting this project, or confirming that the project won't damage their interests; in all the other cases, this project will neither cause great damage to other ownership countries, nor be greatly damaged by the possible problems on water consumption in these countries, according to the evaluation made by World Bank employees. In China, there is no such law. If the project of international watercourses is involved, please refer to World Bank's OP/BP7.50 Projects in International Waterways.  OP/BP7. 60 Project in Disputed Areas World Bank can carry out the project in a disputed area on condition that consent of relevant national government shall be obtained. With dispute settled, the project proposed for Country A shall be carried out without damaging the interests of Country B. In China, there is no such law. If the project involves a disputed area, please refer to World Bank's OP/BP7.60 Project in Disputed Areas. (2) Environmental quality standard for soil Table 2-2 has listed the standard limits of heavy metal in some countries' and international organizations’ environmental quality standards for farmland soil. It is known from comparison that the secondary standard value of cadmium in China's Environmental Quality Standard for Soils GB 15618-1995 is 0.30 (pH<7.5), which is stricter than that in international environmental standards for farmland soil. With different management framework, actual problems on soil environment, economic and technical conditions, different countries have formulated different standards and selected different control indexes, all based on lots of benchmark studies on soil environment, pollution survey and monitoring of relevant media. Therefore, the soil environment standard adopted by the Project should be formulated according to China's situation, based on China's soil benchmark study, combining pollution status and 27 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan management demands, and actual situation. So the Project adopts China’s Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB 15618-1995). Table2-2 Comparison of Standard Limits of Heavy Metals in Environmental Standards for Farmland Soil Standard value (mg/kg) Item <6.5 6.5～7.5 >7.5 Cd 0.30 0.30 0.60 China Hg 0.30 0.50 1.0 As 30 25 20 Pb 250 300 350 Cr 250 300 350 Intervention value Item Target value (mg/kg) (mg/kg) Cd 0.8 12 The Hg 0.3 10 Netherlands As 29 55 Pb 85 530 Cr 100 380 Item Mass concentration limits of heavy metals in soil (soil pH6~7)/(mg/kg) Cd 1~3 EU Pb 50~300 Hg 1.0~1.5 Cr - Medium Item Standard limit (mg/kg) Copper (Cu) ≤125 Japan Farmland As ≤15 (dry farmland) Cd (note: its content in rice) ≤0.4 (3) Food safety standard After comparing the rules on limits for heavy metal in food in CAC Codex General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed (CODEX STAN 193-1995), EU(EC) No 1881/2006, and China’s National Food Safety Standard--Limits for Pollutants in Foods (GB 2762-2012) (see table 2-3), the cadmium limit in rice specified in China's food safety standard is consistent with that specified by EU standard, which is 0.2mg/kg, lower than 0.4mg/kg specified in CAC. 28 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Rules on limits for pollutants in food are affected by agricultural production and geographic area, features of food contaminants and control status, environmental pollution status, residents' eating habits. China's National Food Safety Standard--Limits for Pollutants in Foods (GB 2762-2012) is revised by referring to CAC standard and assessing risk, according to China's food contamination monitoring and total dietary survey data, and combining China's mainly consumed food and heavy metal pollution features. Main purpose of the Project is to reduce the content of cadmium in the rice produced by China's farmland, so the agricultural product safety standard involved in the Project adopts China's National Food Safety Standard--Limits for Pollutants in Foods (GB 2762-2012). Table2-3 Comparison of Limit Standard of Heavy Metals in Food Food safety standards in main Type of Limit standard of heavy metals in food countries and international agricultural organizations product Cd As Pb Cr Hg 0.5 (total 0.02 (total Rice 0.2 0.2 1.0 China arsenium) mercury) National Food Safety Unspecifie Grape 0.05 0.5 0.2 0.5 Standard--Limits for Pollutants in d Foods (GB 2762-2012) Unspecifie Orange 0.05 0.5 0.1 0.5 d Codex Alimentarius Commission Unspecifie Rice 0.4 Unspecified 0.2 Unspecified (CAC) d Codex General Standard for Unspecifie Grape Unspecified 1.0 0.2 Unspecified Contaminants and Toxins in Food d and Feed (CODEX STAN Unspecifie 193-1995) (2013 Revision) Orange Unspecified 1.0 0.1 Unspecified d Unspecifie Rice 0.2 Unspecified 0.2 Unspecified d EU Unspecifie No 488/2014 Grape 0.05 Unspecified 0.2 Unspecified d Unspecifie Orange 0.05 Unspecified 0.1 Unspecified d 29 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Chapter 3 Project Content 3.1 Project area overview (1) Luotaping Township Project Area Luotaping Township is located in the northwest of Yongding District with many mountains and few land, and the project area is 51 hectares. In the 8 testing points in the project area, the number of points with soil cadmium content ＜0.3 mg/kg, 0.3~0.6mg/kg, 0.6~0.9mg/kg and >0.9 mg/kg is respectively 1, 3, 3 and 2, so its pollution grade belongs to the extremely high risk. The two rice samples in the project area have the risk of heavy metal contamination, and the risk factor is cadmium. The main planting system in the project area is rice-rice with the irrigation water from Shuangfengyan Reservoir, 60 percent of incompatible farmland infrastructure facility, and many rainfed paddy fields. The irrigation problem should be given the most priority and next is drainage. Heavy metal contamination in the project area is mainly influenced by the Qingyan iron mine in Luotaping Township. Qingyan iron mine was mined during 1958-1960, with the mining scale of 2000-10000 t/year. Stacking of mineral waste residues from the mining of iron mine and acid waste water resulting from the acid dissolution of the mine are carried into water environment through the water drainage of mine and rainfall or directly enter the surrounding soil, leading to the heavy metal contamination of soil in surrounding area and the lower reaches. Taiping Village is located in the southeast of the Qingyan iron mine, and the original irrigation water source is from the mountain spring water in Qingyan Village. This spring water is polluted by the residual mineral slags of Qingyan iron mine, so it leads to the heavy metal contamination of soil in this project area. After field investigation, it is found that the mineral slags in historical mining yard have been removed, so it basically will not lead to new heavy metal contamination to the downstream farmland. Moreover, 30 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan the irrigation water source for this project has been changed to Shuangfengyan reservoir. (2) Wentang Town Project Area Wentang Town is located in the northwest of Yongding District and most of it is covered by hills. It has rich water resources and abundant coal and iron resources. It consists of 6 Villages and 1 neighborhood committee, and the project area is 125.1 hectares. In the 8 soil testing points in the project area, the number of points with soil cadmium content ＜ 0.3mg/kg and 0.3~0.6mg/kg is respectively 4 and 4, so its pollution grade belongs to the medium risk. Two rice testing samples in the project area are located in the Pushang group and Wujiaping group of Wentang Village, and the cadmium content test result is 0.32mg/kg and 0.29mg/kg, so its pollution grade belongs to the medium risk. Cropping system for the cultivated land in the project area is dominated by rice-rice, and the irrigation water is from the Yaowan Reservoir. The incompatible farmland infrastructure facility rate remains at 30%. Most of the water canals in the project area are the earth canal constructed in the collectivization age in the 1970s, and these canals have a low standard. The irrigation problem should be given the most priority. Heavy metal contamination in the project area is mainly due to the mining and smelting activities in the surroundings and upper reaches of the Lishui River in the history, and the waste slag and waste water, etc are discharged in the river. Wentang Village is adjacent to the banks of Lishui River, so the soil pollution is caused by the alluvial deposits after flooding in Lishui River and sewage irrigation by using the Lishui River water. At present, the industrial and mining enterprises at the upper reaches of Lishui River have been closed, and the historical residual waste slags have been basically treated. The cascade hydropower station for the Helong hydropower station and Yutan hydropower station on the trunk stream of the middle and upper 31 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan reaches of Lishui River have been successively completed in 1997 and 1999 respectively, which greatly reduces the risk of catastrophic floods in the project area. （3）Houping Town Project Area Houping Town is located in the west of Yongding District and on the south bank of Lishui River. It consists of 14 administrative Villages, 4 neighborhood committees and 176 Village (neighborhood) groups, with a project area of 331.8 hectares. In the 23 testing points in the project area, the number of points with cadmium content of 0.3~0.6mg/kg, 0.6~0.9mg/kg and ＞0.9mg/kg is respectively 12, 6 and 5, so the pollution grade belongs to the low risk. The 6 rice samples in the project area of Houping Town have the heavy metal contamination risk, and its risk factor is cadmium. The cadmium content is higher than the national standard 0.2mg/kg. The main planting system in the project area is rice-rice with the irrigation water from Dayuwan Reservoir and mountain spring, and 22 percent of incompatible farmland infrastructure facility and no facility rate. Drainage should be improved. Heavy metal contamination in the project area is mainly due to the mining and smelting activities in the surroundings and upper reaches of the Lishui River in the history, and the waste slag and waste water, etc are discharged in the river. Wentang Village is adjacent to the banks of Lishui River, so the soil pollution is caused by the alluvial deposits after flooding in Lishui River and sewage irrigation by using the Lishui River water. At present, the industrial and mining enterprises at the upper reaches of Lishui River have been closed, and the historical residual waste slags have been basically treated. The cascade hydropower station for the Helong hydropower station and Yutan hydropower station on the trunk stream of the middle and upper reaches of Lishui River have been successively completed in 1997 and 1999 respectively, which greatly reduces the risk of catastrophic floods in the project area. （4）Fengxianggang Township Project Area Fengxianggang Township is located on the north bank of Lishui River in the west 32 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan of Yongding District of Zhangjiajie city, and it consists of 11 Villages and 2 neighborhood committees, with the project area of 268.06 hectares. In the 14 soil cadmium testing points in the project area, the number of points with the cadmium content ＜0.3/kg and .3~0.6mg/kg is respectively 2 and 12, so the pollution grade belongs to the low risk. The 6 rice samples in the project area of Houping Town have the heavy metal contamination risk, and its risk factor is cadmium. The cadmium content is higher than the national standard 0.2mg/kg. The main planting system in the project area is rice-rice with the irrigation water from Tudiyu Reservoir and mountain spring, and 12 percent of incompatible farmland infrastructure facility and no facility rate. Drainage should be improved. Heavy metal contamination in the project area is mainly due to the mining and smelting activities in the surroundings and upper reaches of the Lishui River in the history, and the waste slag and waste water, etc are discharged in the river. Wentang Village is adjacent to the banks of Lishui River, so the soil pollution is caused by the alluvial deposits after flooding in Lishui River and sewage irrigation by using the Lishui River water. At present, the industrial and mining enterprises at the upper reaches of Lishui River have been closed, and the historical residual waste slags have been basically treated. The cascade hydropower station for the Helong hydropower station and Yutan hydropower station on the trunk stream of the middle and upper reaches of Lishui River have been successively completed in 1997 and 1999 respectively, which greatly reduces the risk of catastrophic floods in the project area. （5）Yanghuping Town Project Area Yanghuping Town is located in the northeast of Yongding District and relies on the Lishui River. It consists of 19 Villages and 3 neighborhood committees, with the project area of 144.7 hectares. In the 11 soil cadmium testing points in the project area, the cadmium content in soil is mainly concentrated within 0.3~0.6mg/kg, so the pollution grade belongs to the low risk. The 4 rice samples in the project area of 33 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Houping Town have the heavy metal contamination risk, and its risk factor is cadmium. The cadmium content is higher than the national standard 0.2mg/kg. The main planting system in the project area is rice-rice with the irrigation water from Yangxihu Reservoir and Gongjiauyu Reservoir, and 55 percent of incompatible farmland infrastructure facility and no facility rate. Drainage should be improved. Heavy metal contamination in the project area is mainly due to the mining and smelting activities in the surroundings and upper reaches of the Lishui River in the history, and the waste slag and waste water, etc are discharged in the river. Wentang Village is adjacent to the banks of Lishui River, so the soil pollution is caused by the alluvial deposits after flooding in Lishui River and sewage irrigation by using the Lishui River water. At present, the industrial and mining enterprises at the upper reaches of Lishui River have been closed, and the historical residual waste slags have been basically treated. The cascade hydropower station for the Helong hydropower station and Yutan hydropower station on the trunk stream of the middle and upper reaches of Lishui River have been successively completed in 1997 and 1999 respectively, which greatly reduces the risk of catastrophic floods in the project area. （6）Xixiping Project Area Xixiping sub-district office is located at the east gate of Yongding District and relies on the Tianmen mountain in the south and Lishui River in the north. It consists of 7 communities and 19 mountain Villages, with project area of 86.6 hectares. In the 11 soil cadmium testing points in the project area, the cadmium content in soil is mainly concentrated within 0.3~0.6mg/kg, so the pollution grade is low. The test results of 4 rice testing samples in the project area higher than the national standard 0.2mg/kg. The main planting system in the project area is rice-rice with the irrigation water from Zhangjiaxi Reservoir, 31 percent of incompatible farmland infrastructure facility, and many rainfed paddy fields. The irrigation problem should be given the most 34 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan priority and next is drainage. Heavy metal contamination in the project area is mainly influenced by the local illegal individual mining of nickel molybdenum mines. The mining period is within 2004-2008, and the mining scale is 3000-18000 t/year. The government of Yongding District forced to stop the mining activities in 2008. At that time, mineral residues are retained in dozens of places in the mining area, and the total amount is up to 46000 tons according to the statistical data of the environmental protection bureau. After that, the government of Yongding District offered the dedicated funds to implement the cleaning project against the residual waste slags and realized proper treatment and transportation of nickel molybdenum ores through outsourcing. After field visit and verification by the environmental protection bureau of Yongding District, 80% of the residual waste slags of nickel molybdenum mines have been treated up to now, and the clearing and transportation of the remaining slags is under progress. 3.2 Project objectives 3.2.1 Overall objective Through the analysis on valid data of Yongding District’s rice, internal and external agricultural sources and agricultural production management etc. and in combination with the reality of the project area, the soil pollution risk evaluation, the farmland pollution source risk evaluation and the agricultural management risk evaluation are conducted. The corresponding risk management measures are put forward according to different risk model composition. Finally, it is decided to adopt the integrated management mechanism of risk control to control the farmland risk of the project county to achieve the safety production of qualified agricultural products. 3.2.2 Specific objectives 1. To identify the cause of formation of pollution in project area based on the scientific analytical method of pollution and the effective monitoring data of rice, 35 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan agricultral internal and external sources and agricultural production management, etc., evaluate the level of risk of the selected farm of demonstration area, demonstrate the selected appropriate comprehensive technical management measures, strengthen the control of farm and pollutant source and farmland pollution risk and improve the safe use level of agricultural resources. 2. To establish the agricultural environment monitoring network and early-warning system and strengthen the agricultural environment monitoring and management; to develop the farmland management tool which gives priority to risk control and plot the pollution risk map of farmland of the full area; to establish farmland environmental protection rule, technical direction and job instruction, etc., gradually establish and perfect the code and standard. 3. To demonstrate the available measures for farmland pollution management and imporve their capacity of control of farmland pollution risk so that the risk of farmland in project area gets controlled in its entirety for a better farmland environment and sound- cycle ecosystem in project area, through the technical training and propagation for officers, agricultural environment monitoring personnels and project area farmers. 4. To improve the management level of project management department and finally establish the security system of safe production of agricultural products by the application of land management means through the project indicators being perfected and the project data being collected and evaluated in the assembly of experts. 1. Based on the scientific pollution analysis method and the valid data of rice, internal and external agriculture and agricultural production management etc., classify the farmland pollution risks of the whole district scientifically, draw the farmland pollution risk map of the whole county and work out land management tools focusing on risk control to provide references for the project implementation and scientific decision-making. 2. Based on the analysis result of farmland pollution, identify the cause of pollution in the project area and establish the agricultural environment supervision 36 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan system, the corporate emission supervision system and other supervision systems accordingly to strengthen the risk management and control on farmland pollution sources and farmland pollution. By 2022, the total cadmium content of uncontaminated farmland soil won’t increase; the total cadmium content of contaminated farmland soil decreases gradually; the available cadmium content of soil will be decreased by over 50% and the supervision coverage of the agricultural environment and corporate emission in the project area will reach 100%. 3. On the premise of safe production of agricultural products, carry out scientific and reasonable plantation structure adjustment in the project area, develop corresponding pollution restoration measures and improve the safe utilization of agricultural resources; through training, promotion and other methods, improve the management of the project management departments and finally establish a security system for safe production of agricultural products. By 2022, the rate of reaching the standard of cadmium content of polluted rice will be over 90% and the rate of reaching the standard of other agricultural products will be over 90%. 4. Targeting at the sustainable development and utilization of the project and the farmland management financing based on risk control, form a sustainable financing pattern and work out an action plan for agricultural management and development based on risk control in Hunan Province and the project counties. 3.3 Construction content of the project Main contents of the project include contents of four parts, respectively the risk-based farmland management demonstration, strengthening the agricultural environment monitoring and management, project capacity building and project management and evaluation. Refer to Table below which lists all the proposed project activities based on the approved Feasibility Study Report. 37 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Table 3-1: Activities of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land No. Project Activities Activity Description Risk-based farmland 1 management demonstration Conduct the intensive monitoring of the three selected project areas according to the requirements of the monitoring solution (a monitoring point is set for 30-50 mu in mountain Intensive Monitoring area or 50-100 mu for the continuous flat area in terms of the monitoring point intensity; the 1.1 and Risk level monitoring heavy metal content of soil and agricultural products shall be consistent with assessment heavy metal content of the monitoring sediments and irrigation water monitoring water quality, etc.), conduct the risk level assessment according to the monitoring data and identify the risk comprehensive management and control measures and solutions Adopt the pertinent risk management and control measures according to the analysis of the Risk Comprehensive valid data related to the rice of the project area, agriculture internal and external and 1.2 Management and agricultural production management, etc. Refer to the detailed contents described in 1.2.1 Control Measures -1.2.4 Engineering The engineering facilities of Yongding District include canal engineering 22,720km, 17 1.2.1 facilities sedimentation tanks and field road maintenance up to 2,190km Control high cumulative rice varieties, optimize the field water management (flooding irrigation), soil acidification conditioning (pH value), the application of organic fertilizer and 1.2.2 Agronomic measure soil passivator, adjust the plantation structure, removal of straw from the field, and other combined measures Promote the agricultural cleaning production, encourage farms to initiatively apply more Insect pests organic fertilizer, reduce the chemical fertilizer use, scientifically apply pesticides, promote 1.2.3 integrated the professional prevention and control and green prevention and control of the crop diseases management and insect pests and also popularize the high-efficient and low residual pesticides and the modern plant protection machinery 1.2.4 Other measures Carry out the project area rice safety proper yield technical research based on the recommended list of the emergency Cd accumulative rice varieties to conduct the rational screening of the rice varieties entering the project area and identify the Cd accumulative （1） Variety screening index in the main rice varieties in the area. When BCF index of the rice varieties is much higher than Level VI risk, the variety Cd accumulative risk is much higher and it shall be controlled from entering into the project area Management and The rice in excess of standard shall be specially purchased by the authorized enterprise as the （2） control of rice in industrial grain and feed or for the other industrial purpose, and the purchase enterprises shall excess of standard be subsidized with the subsidy standard at 200 yuan/ton Certificate of Origin The corporate entities obtaining the certificate of pollution-free, green, and organic food with （3） for farm products the subsidy standard at 5,000/10,000/20,000 yuan respectively Farm product brand Encourage the project area to building the farm product brand for publicity and promotion to （4） building and increase the economic value of the products publicity and 38 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan No. Project Activities Activity Description promotion expenses Authorize the professional monitoring agency, organize the town and village staff to conduct the supervision over the project agronomic measures (applying lime, organic fertilizer, 1.3 Project monitoring passivator, flooding irrigation and the removal of straw, etc.), and the supervision fees shall be charged at 20 yuan/mu/quarter. Strengthening the agricultural 2 environment monitoring and management Building agricultural environment 2.1 monitoring database Including 1 sampling check-out vehicles, 2 client computers and early warning system Risk-based farmland Build the model according to all monitoring data in Sub-item 1 to provide the basic support to management tools 2.2 the farmland risk management and identify the farmland and crops pollution risk levels with and prepare the the area and draw the provincial agricultural production risk map agricultural risk map Develop the sustainable investment and Develop or release the local regulations and systems and technical standards related to the 2.3 financing management of the farmland pollution control and restoration, etc., to guide the farmland mechanism and pollution comprehensive management and control in all project counties eco-compensation mechanism Develop the sustainable investment and Develop the sustainable investment and financing mechanism and eco-compensation 2.4 financing mechanism in view of the long-term farmland pollution management and soil health recovery mechanism and action, thus guaranteeing the sustainable agricultural development in Hunan eco-compensation mechanism Train and cultivate the management and technical capacity of the government officials, organize the international and domestic inspection and training, conduct the training to environment monitoring staff and farmers, provide the technical assistance to the enterprises 3 Capacity Building involved with the heavy metal pollution; conduct the project concept and technical promotion activities in forms of seminars, traing and so forth, share and publicize the project experience and technique by adopting the self-made videos and paper materials, etc. Provide the technical assistance and training to the project managing staff (involving the Project management 4 procurement, financial affairs and safeguard policies, etc.) to improve their management and assessment capacities, purchase the office equipment as needed by the project management institution 39 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan No. Project Activities Activity Description and expenses related to the project daily management, procurement and financial management, etc. Convene the project start-up and completion seminars and build MIS system; collect the relevant information and data related to the farmland environment quality changes, etc., in the project implementation process and conduct the monitoring and assessment of the implementation results. 3.3.1 Risk-based farmland management demonstration 3.3.1.1 Intensive monitoring and risk level assessment Conduct the intensive monitoring over the soil, sediments, irrigation water, atmospheric precipitation, farm products, individual plant, agricultural inputs and plant diseases and insect pests in 6 project areas according to the monitoring solution requirements and conduct risk level assessment according to the monitoring data. 3.3.1.2 Risk Comprehensive Management Measures Adopt the pertinent risk management and control measures according to the analysis of the valid data related to the rice of the project area, agriculture internal and external and agricultural production management, etc. (1) Engineering Measures Mainly including the channel engineering, ecological engineering and road engineering; as the farmland infrastructure in the project area is comparatively sufficient, some farmland irrigation canals are still the earth canals or have been seriously damaged, thus requiring the immediate repair and maintenance; the sediments of some channels are in excess of the heavy metal pollution standard, and sedimentation tanks will be built for the sedimentation of the sediments in the irrigation water to prevent it from entering the farmland to satisfy the demand of the project area optimized field water management; some farmland road and other infrastructure lack the necessary supporting facilities, which is detrimental to the removal of straw from the field and the machine field operation, particularly by applying the lime, etc. The project will construct 22,720m of channel in total, 17 sand-basins, 1 prepositive 40 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan warehouse and 2190m’ tractor plowing way. The specific engineering measures for each project area are shown in the following table. (2) Agronomic measures The project area of 1,138.33 hectares is selected and such measures as highly- accumulated rice variety control, optimized field moisture management, soil acidulation conditioning, organic fertilizer application, soil passivating agent application, etc. are demonstrated and generalized in its entirety to ensure that the cadmium content of rice is controlled within 0.2mg/kg aiming at the safe production of eligible agricultural products. (3) Other measures It includes mainly the variety screening, overproof rice control, pollution-free green agricultural products authentication, agricultural products brand construction and propagation, etc. 3.3.1.3 Project supervision Supervision on the agronomic measures (application of lime, organic fertilizer and passivating agent, field moisture management, straw leaving field, etc.) shall be carried out by the local competent agriculture supervision institution and the personnel of villages and towns, etc. 3.3.1 Sustainable management of farmland pollution (1) Integrated management of farmland risks According to the analysis on the valid data of rice, internal and external agricultural sources and agricultural production management etc., some targeted risk management measures are taken, including the farmland heavy metal contamination monitoring, the pollution source control, the agricultural management, the soil restoration and other measures. See Table 4-2 Table 4-2 Risk Management Measure Table of Integrated Management Project of Farmland Pollution in Yongding District 1 Apply Lime 2 Soil passivator 41 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 3 Apply organic fertilizer 4 Apply alkaline compound fertilizer 5 Plant enrichment plants 6 Plant green manure and oilseed rapes 7 Irrigate with clean water 8 Remove straws 9 Replanting subsidies (2) Construction measures The farmland infrastructure in the project area is complete. However, some farmland irrigation canals are still earth canals or seriously damaged canals. They need to be renovated to meet the requirements for optimizing the field moisture manage in the project area. Refer to Table 4-3 for the specific construction measures and construction content of the farmland pollution in Yongding District. 42 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan (3) Risk-based farmland management tools Establish 0.2 hectare pilot test land for single risk model in the project area, and the total area is 3.6 hectares. Collect and record the testing data of the pilot test lands (covering the soil, crops, inputs, pollution monitoring, etc), implement monitoring, evaluation and feedback verification of the technical effect of the single and comprehensive measures for risk management of the project and establish models based on the data, so as to provide support for the farmland risk management tools. (4) Preparation of agricultural risk diagram In accordance with the effective data such as the rice, agricultural interior source, exterior source and agricultural production management, etc and in organic combination with the risk-based farmland management tools, determine the level of pollution risk of farmland and crops and display this information in diagram. Prepare the agricultural production risk map of the whole county to facilitate the effective identification of areas requiring repairing. Formulate the adoptable targeted management measures and action plan to achieve the purpose of reducing farmland pollution level, controlling the agricultural risk and improving the safety of crops. 43 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Table 4-3 Construction Content Table of Integrated Management Project of Farmland Pollution in Yongding District Amount (10 Construction Construction Work Unit price Specification No. Content Unit thousand Material Remarks location property amount (yuan) and model yuan) Original earth canal, 1 Canal m 18.00 462.41 40*60cm secondary material transfer distance of 0.3km 2 Grit basin Set 17.00 34.00 3 Pretank Set 1.00 10.00 Total 506.41 Construction measures input of Luotaping Township project area Amount (10 Construction Construction Work Unit price Specification No. Content Unit thousand Material Remarks location property amount (yuan) and model yuan) Original earth canal, Drainage Transformation and Grouted 1 Taiping Village m 1200 283 33.99 40*60cm secondary material transfer canal hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.3km Original earth canal, Irrigation Transformation and Grouted 2 Taiping Village m 4200 153 64.17 30*30cm secondary material transfer canal hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.25km 3 Grit basin Taiping Village New construction Set 2 20000 4.00 Total 5400.00 102.16 Construction measures input of Wentang Town project area Amount (10 Construction Construction Work Unit price Specification No. Content Unit thousand Material Remarks location property amount (yuan) and model yuan) Original earth canal, Drainage Transformation and Grouted 1 Wentang Village m 1200 349 41.91 40*60cm secondary material transfer canal hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.5km 44 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Original earth canal, Irrigation Transformation and Grouted 2 Wentang Village m 1400 151 21.18 30*30cm secondary material transfer canal hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.25km 3 Grit basin Wentang Village New construction Set 2 20000 4.00 Total 2600.00 67.09 Construction measures input of Houping Town project area Amount (10 Construction Construction Work Unit price Specification No. Content Unit thousand Material Remarks location property amount (yuan) and model yuan) Original earth canal, Drainage Transformation and Grouted 1 Wuxi Village m 1200 455 54.64 80*100cm secondary material transfer canal hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.2km Original earth canal, Irrigation Transformation and Grouted 2 Bajiahe Village m 1000 161 16.12 30*30cm secondary material transfer canal hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.35km Original earth canal, Irrigation Guangyanju Transformation and Grouted 4 m 1000 222 22.18 40*50cm secondary material transfer canal Village hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.4km 5 Grit basin New construction Set 4 20000 8.00 Total 4600.00 100.93 Construction measures input of Fengxianggang project area Amount (10 Construction Construction Work Unit price Specification No. Content Unit thousand Material Remarks location property amount (yuan) and model yuan) Original earth canal, Irrigation Qingyutan Transformation and Grouted 1 m 1200 156 18.75 30*30cm secondary material transfer canal Village hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.3km Original earth canal, Irrigation Fengxianggang Transformation and Grouted 2 m 1000 371 37.14 60*80cm secondary material transfer canal Village hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.2km 45 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 3 Grit basin New construction Set 3 20000 6.00 Total 2200.00 61.88 Construction measures input of Xixiping project area Amount (10 Construction Construction Work Unit price Specification No. Content Unit thousand Material Remarks location property amount (yuan) and model yuan) Original earth canal, Drainage Zhuangjiayu Transformation and Grouted 1 m 1000 309 30.90 40*60cm secondary material transfer canal Village hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.3km Original earth canal, Irrigation Zhuangjiayu Transformation and Grouted 2 m 1000 156 15.62 30*30cm secondary material transfer canal Village hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.3km Zhuangjiayu 3 Pre-reservoir New construction Set 1 100000 10.00 Site cast concrete Village 4 Grit basin New construction Set 2 20000 4.00 Total 60.52 Construction measures input of Yanghuping Town project area Amount (10 Construction Construction Work Unit price Specification No. Content Unit thousand Material Remarks location property amount (yuan) and model yuan) Original earth canal, Irrigation Transformation and Grouted 1 Wujiaju Village m 1200 156 18.75 30*30cm secondary material transfer canal hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.3km Original earth canal, Irrigation Transformation and Grouted 2 Wujiaju Village m 1000 215 21.54 40*50cm secondary material transfer canal hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.35km Original earth canal, Irrigation Transformation and Grouted 3 Yangchi Village m 0 156 0.00 30*30cm secondary material transfer canal hardening rubble+concrete distance of 0.3km Irrigation Transformation and Grouted Original earth canal, 4 Yangchi Village m 1000 215 21.54 40*50cm canal hardening rubble+concrete secondary material transfer 46 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan distance of 0.35km 5 Grit basin New construction Set 4 20000 8.00 Total 3200.00 69.83 47 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 3.3.2 Environmental management and agricultural environment monitoring 3.3.2.1 Construction of agricultural environment monitoring and early warning system The provincial project department is responsible for constructing the early warning platform for the monitoring of agricultural environment, and the project county should configure 1 sampling & testing vehicle and 2 dedicated terminal computers to construct the monitoring and early warning system for the agricultural environment. Construct the monitoring and early warning system for the agricultural environment to implement the continuous monitoring of factors such as irrigation surface water, soil, agricultural products, applied organic fertilizer, pesticides, so as to conduct the risk evaluation and monitoring & early warning of the farmlands and agricultural products in the whole county, prevent the area expansion and degree increase of farmland pollution and give instructions to the comprehensive management and control of heavy metal contamination of farmlands in the whole project county 3.3.2.2 Development or Release of the Local Policies and Standard Drafts 3.3.2.2 Formulate and issue local regulations and technical standards Up to now, the Yongding District has issued the plans and schemes such as the Ecological and Environmental Protection Plan of Yongding District in Zhangjiajie City during the “13th Five Year Plan” Period, Implementation Scheme Against the Atmospheric Pollution in Yongding District in Zhangjiajie City, Contingency Plan for the Quality & Safety Accidents of Agricultural Products in Yongding District of Zhangjiajie City, Quality Management Method for the Cultivated Land in Yongding District of Zhangjiajie City, etc. According to the need of Project, make and issue local regulations and technical standards as well as establish and improve the standard system of regulations. 1. Research and formulate the comprehensive management mechanism for the 48 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan farmland pollution risk. Optimize the field management and promote the new agricultural technology for the farmlands without risk, so as to prevent and stop the occurrence of new pollutions; quickly and effectively implement the risk control for the polluted farmlands to prevent migration and transformation of risk. 2. Formulate local regulations on agricultural product quality and safety and relevant plans. Put forward over-standard agricultural product treatment technology regulations etc. 3. Establish the county-level environmental supervision system. Supervise the input of farmland soil hazardous substances in the long term and set up early warning and prevention for external pollutants coming into the arable land. Make full use of the environmental supervision network to strengthen the construction of the farmland environmental protection law enforcement system. 4. Research and work out the eco-compensation mechanism required by effective control at various farmland pollution risks, including economic compensation, compensation ways, compensation objects and management methods. 3.3.3Capacity building 3.3.3 Project ability development 3.3.3.1 Project management ability development 1. Domestic investigations: The investigation mainly includes the domestic investigation, organized by the provincial POM. The aim is to learn advanced heavy metal contamination treatment technologies and experience both at home. 6 people/month for the domestic investigation. 2. Domestic training: The domestic training includes the integrated management of farmland based on risks, agricultural environment monitoring, pollution prevention, policy implementation, purchase and financial knowledge etc. 52 people/month in total. 3. Technical assistance: Employ the experts on related technologies to provide technical support to the project so as to guarantee the project is implemented smoothly. 18 people/month in total. 49 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 3.3.3.2 Project knowledge publicity and farmer training 1. Information dissemination: make videos and paper documents etc. to publicize and summarize the project 2. Farmer training: combine centralized training with on-site training to improve the farmers’ understanding on farmland heavy metal contamination and guarantee the effective publicity of the project-related technologies. 698 people/month in total. 3.3.3.3 Technical Assistance to enterprises involved with heavy metal pollution Enterprises in Yongding County involved with heavy metal pollution have been closed down during the “12th Five-year Plan” period, so this project does not need the technical assistance as no enterprise polluted by heavy metals is involved in this project. 3.3.3.3 Practical Subject Research It mainly researches the influence of the rice-duck cultivation mode on the heavy metal contamination of farmlands. The rice-duck cultivation mode can reduce the application quantity of chemical fertilizers and pesticides of farmlands, so as to realize the green prevention & control and reduce the heavy metal contamination of farmlands resulting from the agricultural exterior sources. 3.3.3.4 Draw up the action plan for farmland environmental protection Based on the farmland heavy metal contamination treatment experience both at home and abroad, draw up the action plan for the soil environmental protection of the project county, strengthen the project ability building, improve the frontseeability of the project construction and identify the challenge and opportunity the project is facing. 3.3.4 Project management and evaluation 3.3.4.1 Project management Project management includes purchasing the office equipment required by the project management organization, constructing the project management Mis system, conducting daily management, purchasing management, financial management, environmental safety 50 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan and social security work of the project as well as strengthening cooperation between government departments at all levels and mutual support and cooperation between enterprises and farmers’ professional cooperatives. Project Management includes the project technical assistance, the procurement involving the managing staff and the financial management training. Project management expenses and startup /completion seminar expenses are involved with the purchase of the relevant management equipment. 3.3.4.2 Project monitoring evaluation Monitor and evaluate the project implementation performance indicators and results. Collect the information and data related to the project implementation. Sum up experience and lessons and organize the project seminars. Refer to the monitoring schedule for the monitoring indicator, the monitoring frequency and the implementation party. Monitor and evaluate the project performance indicators and the environmental and social impact, etc., collect the relevant information and data related to the project implementation, summarize the experience and lessons and organize exchange activities , such as, the project start-up mobilization meeting, mid-term exchange and project completion seminars, etc. 51 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Chapter 4 Environmental Status 4.1 Natural environment 4.1.1 Geographical location Yongding District is located in the northwest of Hunan Province, hinterland of Wuling mountains and middle & upper reaches of Lishui River, and its coordinate is within northern latitude 28°51′13″ ～ 29°25′06″ and east longitude 110°04′15″ ～ 110°55′06″. It is adjacent to Cili County and Taoyuan County in the east, Yuanling County in the south, Yongshun County in the west, and Wulingyuan District and Sangzhi County in the north. It has an east-west length of 80.2km and south-north width of 60.6km, and its total land area is 2173.808 km2 accounting for 1.1% of total area of Hunan Province and 22.9% of total area of the whole city. The implementation sites of various project areas in Yongding District are detailed in the attached Fig.1. 4.1.2 Landform Yongding District is located in the south end of the 3rd uplifted zone in the neocathaysian first-level tectonic unit in the east of China, including the secondary uplifted zone in Wuling Mountain and the secondary uplifted zone in Dayong basin. The southern and middle branches of Wuling Mountains run through the whole territory of Yongding District, and the landform can be roughly divided into the mountain landform, fluvial landform and accumulation landform. Its terrain shows the characteristics of two-grade lifting and falling, i.e. the mountains in the north area incline towards the Lishui River valley, while Maoyan river valley is formed in the upstream of Lishui River just like hundreds miles of gallery; the mountains in the south area are more higher and show cascade degradation towards Yuanshui river by regarding the Tianmen Mountain as a baseline; the middle area is low and mainly covered by the semi-ring hilly basins. 4.1.3 Weather Yongding District belongs to the mid-subtropical mountain plateau type humid monsoon climate, with sufficient sunlight heat, abundant rainfall, warm winters and cool summers, the mild four-season climate, long frost-free period and short freeze-up period, this district is suitable for the growth of thermophilic crops such as rice, corn, 52 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan sweet potato and ramie as well as the overwintering crops such as wheat, bean and oilseed rape, etc. The climate in this district is complicated and variable due to the influence of topography and vegetation, etc., and the disastrous weather conditions such as drought, flood, strong wind and hail, etc. occur frequently in this district, which influences the growth of crops to varying degrees and causes the occurrence of natural disasters. The division of 4 seasons is made according to the following criteria: winter = average temperature is lower than 10℃, summer = average temperature is higher than 22℃ and spring & autumn = average temperature is within 10～22℃. The duration of spring, summer, autumn and winter is respectively 70-72 days, 118-123 days, 66-68 days and 105-111 days, so it can be seen that this district has distinctive 4 seasons. The accumulated temperature ≥10℃ of the whole district is 4500～5300℃ with a duration of 220-250 days. Over the years, the average frost-free period is about 270 days. 4.1.4 Surface water ⑴ Surface water system Yongding District is located in the area of Wuling Mountains running through the whole territory of this district. It has two water systems: Lishui River water system in the north and Yuanshui river water system in the south. Lishui River is one of the 4 largest rivers in Hunan Province and it is located in the northwest of Hunan Province, with its basin crossing through Hunan Province and Hubei Province. The trunk stream of Lishui River consists of 3 water sources (north, middle and south water source), but it is dominated by the north water source. The north water source is originated in the Shanmu boundary in Sangzhi County of Hunan Province, the middle water source is originated from the east foot of the Badagong mountain in Sangzhi County, and the south source is originated in the Longjia stockaded Village in Yongshun County of Hunan Province. These three water sources flow to the east after confluence in Nancha Village of Sangzhi County. These three water sources will receive the water from tributaries such as the Loushui River, Xieshui River, Daoshui River and Censhui River, etc. and then flow into Dongting Lake in Xiaodukou Town of Li County. The trunk stream has a total length of 388km, drainage basin area of 18496 km2 (including 15505km2 in Hunan Province) and multi-year average runoff of 13.12 billion m3. The water systems in this district are shown in the Fig.4-1. 53 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Fig.4-1 Water Systems in Yongding District ⑵ Basic condition of dams According to identification results of dam experts of the World Bank, Water Conservation Department and Agricultural Department of Yongding District, the dams which are involved and meet the dam safety policies are: Shuangfengyan Reservoir, Yaowan Reservoir, Dayuwan Reservoir, Tudiyu Reservoir, Zhangjiaxi Reservoir, Yanghuxi Reservoir and Lijiawan Reservoir. Basic conditions of dams in Yongding District: see Table 4-1. Dam safety analysis: see Dam Safety Assessment Report of 2015 for Integrated Management Projects of Polluted Farmland with World Bank Loans in Hunan Province. According to the report, within the scope of the first batch implementation, 13 reservoir dams trigger the dam safety policy (OP4.37) of the World Bank. 7 are in Yongding District of Zhangjiajie City and 6 in Yongding District of Chenzhou City, all of which are small-sized. The 13 small-sized reservoirs are classified as type-III dams whose hazard removal and reinforcement engineering have been completed. The hazard removal and reinforcement engineering design is targeted 54 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan and can meet related requirements. The accepted engineering construction quality meets the design and regulation requirements, with other construction quality to be further evaluated after the engineering acceptance. The conditions of reservoirs are improved to different extents after hazard removal and reinforcement. All the reservoirs operate normally without major abnormality. No obvious deformation or leakage is found during the inspection. However, there are hidden safety hazards in management requiring solving. After the hidden safety hazards are eliminated, these reservoirs can be used as supply water sources for integrated management projects of polluted farmland in Hunan. 55 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Table 4-1 Basic Condition of Dams in Yongding District Total storage Latest Safety Completion Height Responsible No. Name Location capacity Dam type inspection status Operator Owner time (m) department (m3) date (level) Water Water Conservancy Shuangfengyan Luotaping Homogeneous February Conservancy 1 1967 20 790000 Ⅰ January 2013 Management Station Reservoir Township earth dam 2013 Bureau of of Township District Water Conservancy Water Yaowan Sanjiaguan Clay core Management Station Conservancy 2 1980 33 6744400 May 2010 Ⅰ April 2010 Reservoir Township rockfill dam of Township Bureau of District Water Water Conservancy Dayuwan Clay core Conservancy 3 Houping Town 1958 16 23400 April 2013 Ⅰ March 2013 Management Station Reservoir rockfill dam Bureau of of Town District Water Water Conservancy Tudiyu Fengxianggang Clay core Conservancy 4 1972 24.85 1402000 April 2010 Ⅰ March 2010 Management Station Reservoir Township rockfill dam Bureau of of Township District Water Water Conservancy Zhangjiaxi Clay core Conservancy 5 Xixiping 1973 26.97 1243000 March 2009 Ⅰ February 2009 Management Station Reservoir rockfill dam Bureau of of Township District Yanghuxi Clay core Water 6 1964 28 3064000 April 2010 Ⅰ March 2010 Water Conservancy Reservoir Yanghuping rockfill dam Conservancy Management Station Lijiawan Town Clay core Bureau of 7 1974 17 665000 March 2013 Ⅰ February 2013 of Town Reservoir rockfill dam District 56 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan During the project implementation, the provincial project office reinforces elimination of hidden hazards and conducts management of dams together with Water Conservancy Bureau of Yongding District, Zhangjiajie in accordance with the management suggestions listed in Dam Safety Assessment Report of 2015 for Integrated Management Projects of Polluted Farmland with World Bank Loans in Hunan Province. 4.2 Ecological environment ⑴ Current situation of land utilization In accordance with the diagram for the current land use status of Yongding District, it can be seen that Yongding belongs to the obvious typical mountain and hill landform with many mountains and few field. In which, the area of forest land accounts for 70.72% of the total area, while the area of farmland accounts for 10.54% of the total area. Specific details are shown in the Table 2-2 and Fig.4-2. Table4-2 Statistics of Current Situation of Land Utilization Area Proportio Land type Remarks (hectare) n (%) Cultivated land: 22908 10.54 Paddy field 16964.6 7.80 Dry land 5943.3 2.73 Gardens include the orchard, tea Farmland Garden land 5419.4 2.49 garden and other types Including forest land, shrubbery Forest land 153733.87 70.72 land, open forest land, immature forest land, slash and nursery Others 2533.33 1.17 Settlement points Including the urban land, rural and independent residential land, independent 6766.67 3.11 industrial and industrial and mining land, and Construct mining lands lands for special uses. ion land Including highway land and rural Land for traffic 726.4 0.33 roads Land for water 1071.93 0.49 Including the lands for rivers, 57 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan conservancy reservoirs, pits & pools, tidal flats, facilities ditches and hydraulic structures. Including the wild grass ground, Non-utilized land 24221.2 11.14 bare land and bare rock gravel land Total 217380.8 100 Figure 4-2 Current Situation of Land Utilization in Yongding District ⑵. Fertility of soil farmland ①Soil texture Soil texture has an important significance to the supply and maintenance of soil nutrients and significantly influences the growth of crops. The texture is divided according to the content of sand grains, silt and clay in soil. The distribution of farmland soil textures in Yongding District is shown in the Table 2-3. In the farmland soil textures of Yongding District, the largest area of soil texture is the sandy loam which has a total area of 7075.90 hectares and accounts for 24.98% of total area; the second one is the heavy loam soil which has a total area of 6679.84 hectares and accounts for 23.58% of total area; and the third one is the clay which has a total area of 5795.71 hectares and accounts for 20.46% of total area. The soil texture of Yongding District sees Figure 58 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 4-3. Table 4-3 The distribution of soil textures in Yongding District (hectare) Light Sandy Sandy Medium Heavy Soil type Clay Total loam loam soil loam loam Dry land 15.87 763.27 381.60 1746.87 180.33 2855.47 5943.40 Paddy land 5493.60 5048.27 553.33 2089.87 1542.73 2236.80 16964.60 Total 5509.47 5811.53 934.93 3836.73 1723.07 5092.27 22908.00 Proportion 24.05% 25.37% 4.08% 16.75% 7.52% 22.23% 100% Figure4-3 The distribution of soil textures in Yongding District ②Soil pH value Soil pH values of farmlands in Yongding District show the overall normal distribution characteristic, but the distribution pattern slightly inclines towards the acidity. The measured 59 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 1059 samples have an average pH value of 6.0, which means that they show a weak acidity. There are 5 samples with the soil pH value lower than 4.5, accounting for 0.5% of total number of measured samples; 179 samples with soil pH value higher than 7.5, accounting for 17%; and 620 samples with pH value lower than 6.0, accounting for 59%. In general, the soil acidity or alkalinity of farmlands in Yongding District is more in the acid to weak acid state, and the soil with pH value higher than 7.0 is mainly concentrated in the paddy fields on both banks of Lishui River, showing a transition from acidity to the neutral. The soil acidity or alkalinity in Yongding District is shown in the Fig.4-4. Figure 4-4 Distribution of Soil Acidity or Alkalinity in Yongding District ③Soil organic matter Soil organic content of farmlands in Yongding District shows an overall normal distribution pattern, and the organic content of soil is high. The number of samples with organic content lower than 20.0g/kg only accounts for 19.20% of total number of samples, and the 60 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan number of samples with organic content higher than 40.0g/kg only accounts for 21.30% of total number of samples. However, the organic content shows a high variability. The highest organic content is up to 69.8 g/kg, the lowest one is only 10.0 g/kg and the average value is 30.42 g/kg, so this belongs to the high-content level. By making reference to related standards, the number of samples with soil organic content at an extremely high level (>40g/kg) accounts for 21.30% of total number of samples, the number of samples with soil organic content at a high level (30-40g/kg) accounts for 20.6% of total number of samples, while the number of samples with soil organic content at a medium level (20-30g/kg) accounts for 38.9% of total number of samples. The sum of these three proportions is 80.8%. It thus can be seen that the soil organic content of farmlands in Yongding District is at an above-average level. The distribution of soil organic content in Yongding District is detailed in the Fig. 2-5 and Fig. 2-6. 450 45 400 40 样本数（个） Sample number 350 频率（%） 35 Frequency (%) Sample number 300 30 样本数（个） Frequency (%) 频率（%） 250 25 200 20 150 15 100 10 50 5 0 0 <10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 >70 有机质含量（g/kg ） Soil organic content Figure 4-5 Distribution of Soil Organic Content in Yongding District 61 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Figure 4-6 Distribution of Soil Organic Content in Yongding District ④Soil and farmland fertility In accordance with the requirements of the National Type Division and Improvement Technology for Medium-Low Yield Field (NY/T310-1996) and the agriculture industry standard Division of National Farmland Type Areas and Farmland Fertility Grade (NY/T309-1996) issued by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1997, correlation analysis is made by using the average per unit area yield of grain and comprehensive fertility index of more than 1000 sample points in recent years, and then the farmland fertility index classification system of Yongding District is determined as shown in the Table 4-4 and Fig.4-7. In accordance with the current crop yield criteria in Yongding District, the grade 1 and grade 2 lands are determined to be high yield farmlands, the grade 3, 4 and 5 lands are determined to be middle yield farmlands, and the grade 6 and 7 lands are determined to be low yield farmlands. 62 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan It can be seen from the Fig.4-7 that the grade 1 land has the largest area, accounting for 17.9%; the second one is the grade 6 land accounting for 17.42; the third one is the grade 3 land accounting for 14.73%. The area of high yield lands accounts for 32.62% of total area of land, middle land accounts for 39.94 and low yield land accounts for 27.44%, which means that the area of middle and low yield land in Yongding District is larger than that of high yield farmlands. High yield farmlands are mainly concentrated on both banks of Lishui River. Table4-4 Area Statistics of Farmland Fertility Grading Result in Yongding District Grade Level-1 Level-2 Level-3 Level-4 Level-5 Level-6 Level-7 IFI >0.90 0.87-0.90 0.80-0.85 0.77-0.80 0.70-0.75 0.67-0.70 <0.65 Yield (kg/mu) ≥900 800-900 700-800 600-700 500-600 400-500 ≤400 Criteria High yield farmland Middle yield farmland Low yield farmland Area (hectare) 4100.00 3372.67 3373.60 2952.20 2823.27 3990.33 2295.93 Proportion (%) 17.90 14.72 14.73 12.89 12.32 17.42 10.02 Figure 4-7 Level of Farmland Fertility in Yongding District 63 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 4.3 Social and economic environment (1) Administrative division and population In accordance with the Statistical Yearbook of Yongding District in 2014, the permanent resident population in the whole district was 470,030 in 2013, including the agricultural population of 332,300 and non-agricultural population of 138,000 classified according to the nature of household registration, and the male and female population is respectively 240,400 and 229,900 classified according to the gender. In which, the minority population is 374,300, accounting for 79.95% of total population of Yongding District. The municipal government of Zhangjiajie is located in Yongding District which has a long history. It could be traced to the period of Two Han dynasties and was renamed to Dayong County and Yongding District respectively in 1913 and 1988. It has an area of 2,174km2, consisting of 21 towns and 6 subdistrict offices. It is the location of the municipal government of Zhangjiajie and also the political, economic and cultural center and transportation hub of the whole city. (2) Economic condition In 2014, the regional gross product reached 16,847,910,000 yuan, with an increase of 10.8% compared with the previous year. The value added in the primary industry: 1,570,690,000 yuan, with the growth of 4.7%; value added in the secondary industry: 3,728,900,000 yuan, with the growth of 6.9%; value added in the tertiary industry: 11,548,320,000 yuan, with the growth of 13.1%. The contribution rates of three industries are 4.2%, 15.1% and 80.7% respectively; GDP driven by three industries are 0.5%, 1.6% and 8.7% respectively. The structure of the three industries is adjusted from 9.4:23.4:67.2 of the last year to 9.3:22.2:68.5. The per capita GDP of the whole district is 36,903 Yuan, which means that the year-on-year growth is 9.4% calculated as per the comparable prices. (3) Agricultural production In 2014, the total output of the agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and service industries was RMB 2,480,220,000 Yuan; the planting area of grain crops in the whole year was 30840 hectares, and the grain total output was 146,553 tons; the planting area of oil crops was 64 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 10,140 hectares, and the oil output was 19,244 tons; the planting area of flue-cured tobacco in the whole year was 1,600 hectares, and the output of flue-cured tobacco was 3,264 tons; the planting area of vegetables was 12,100 hectares, and the output of vegetables was 290400 tons; the marketing quantity of hog, cattle and sheep at the end of the year was respectively 288,700, 26,500 and 51,800, and the marketing quantity of poultry was 1,554,400; the amount of livestock on hand at the end of the year was 245,200; the meat output at the end of the year was 28,020 tons, including 21,649 tons of pork; the output of eggs was 2,113 tons and the output of aquatic product was 7,564 tons. ① Grain production The planting area of cereals in the whole district was 30,840 hectares, and the total output of cereals was 146,553 tons; most of the planting systems were the “rice- oilseed rape”, “rice-vegetable”, “rice-idling” etc. The main grain production areas suitable for planting rice in the whole district are located in the farmlands along the Lishui River, basins along the Maoxi River and several towns in the southeast corner. Distribution of rice plantation: see Figure 4-8. Figure 4-8 Distribution of rice plantation in Yongding District ②Paddy filed infrastructure Paddy filed infrastructure of Yongding District is in good condition. Area with completely 65 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan compatible infrastructure: 1,224.13hectares, accounting for 7.22% of the area of paddy fields; area with compatible infrastructure: 4,593.00hectares, accounting for 27.07%; area with basically compatible infrastructure: 5,997.33 hectares, accounting for 35.35%; area with incompatible infrastructure: 4,690.87 hectares, accounting for 27.65%; the area without facility: 459.27 hectares, accounting for 2.71% (see Table 2-5). Table 4-5 Statistics of Paddy Field Facility Areas in Yongding District (unit: hectare) No Basically Completely Name of township Incompatible Compatible Total facility compatible compatible Chongwen Office 0.00 9.93 6.27 14.53 0.00 30.80 Daping Town 8.47 164.33 203.67 84.00 0.87 461.33 Daqiao Office 0.00 12.93 32.20 15.33 9.53 70.00 Fengxianggang 17.73 76.00 402.33 66.93 212.67 775.73 Township Guanliping Office 3.67 75.53 91.60 113.40 2.93 287.13 Hezuoqiao 1.00 113.73 276.27 334.67 16.53 742.20 Township Houping Town 9.20 235.80 460.07 117.27 263.47 1085.80 Continued Table4-5 Statistics of Paddy Field Facility Areas in Yongding District (unit: hectare) Name of No Basically Completely Incompatible Compatible Total township facility compatible compatible Shuziya Town 46.67 300.53 429.80 338.53 17.80 1133.33 Luoshi Township 52.80 168.27 199.00 101.60 4.93 526.67 Luotaping 74.07 242.47 138.73 74.53 14.93 544.67 Township Nanzhuangping 3.47 31.80 16.33 6.60 83.40 141.67 Office Qiaotou Township 47.93 214.80 298.00 117.87 6.80 685.40 Qing’anping 0.00 105.20 90.13 179.33 35.27 409.93 Township Sancha Township 47.13 79.13 278.67 32.07 0.00 437.00 Sanjiaguan 4.93 306.47 57.13 325.33 26.13 720.00 Township Shadi Township 22.87 125.33 361.27 243.67 27.53 780.67 66 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Shuangxiqiao 0.00 107.80 121.33 119.20 28.60 376.93 Township Siduping 27.53 202.53 326.33 136.47 7.00 699.87 Township Wangjiaping Town 0.00 536.87 164.07 459.40 18.87 1179.27 Wentang Town 16.67 64.93 74.60 85.93 2.87 245.00 Xixiping Street 27.07 229.87 356.40 175.07 28.47 816.87 Office Xiejiaya Township 6.87 260.33 134.00 228.27 82.20 711.67 Xinqiao Town 5.47 85.27 346.40 180.80 43.53 661.47 Yanghuping Town 0.00 223.20 298.87 243.53 120.00 885.60 Yinjiaxi Town 29.47 375.47 581.60 214.27 132.33 1333.13 Yongding Office 0.00 0.00 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.67 Yuanguping Town 0.00 326.00 201.07 527.47 23.27 1077.80 Nonglingchang 6.13 16.27 50.47 57.00 14.07 144.00 Total 459.27 4690.87 5997.33 4593.00 1224.13 16964.60 Proportion (%) 2.71 27.65 35.35 27.07 7.22 100.00 Note: In accordance with the requirements of the Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendation Theory and Practice of Hunan Province, farmland infrastructure consists of the complete support, supporting, basic supporting, non-supporting and zero supporting facilities. Irrigation and drainage ditches among farmlands, land leveling, ruralizing, tractor-ploughing road, lines of trees, etc are all the farmland facilities. Farmland infrastructure mainly includes the following items: 1. Land leveling to make piece of paddy field in a square shape; 2. Supporting by three ditches (flood diversion ditch, water drainage ditch and irrigation ditch); 3. Supporting by three networks (ditch network, road network and forest network). The farmland infrastructure containing the above-mentioned 3 items are the complete supporting facilities, the farmland infrastructure lacking one item are the supporting facilities, the farmland infrastructure lacking two items are the basic supporting facilities, the farmland infrastructure containing 1-2 items not at a high standard are the non-supporting facilities, and the farmland infrastructure not constructed are deemed to have zero facility (4) Overview of project areas ① Luotaping Township Luotaping Township is located in the northwest of Yongding District, with many mountains and few land as well as abundant mineral resources (iron, copper, aluminum and coal) within its territory, and the covering rate of forest and grassland is above 80%. ② Wentang Town Wentang Town is located in the northwest of Yongding District and most of it is covered 67 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan by the hills, with rich water resources and abundant coal and iron resources. It consists of 6 Villages and 1 neighborhood committee, and most of its population is the Tujia and Miao nationality. ③ Houping Town Project area of Houping Town is located in the west of Yongding District and on the south bank of Lishui River, and it is the west gate and important border trade town of Zhangjiajie City. Its average altitude is 340m. In addition to Chongshan Mountain and Zhongshan Mountain, the remaining area of this town is covered by the alluvial flat ground of Lishui River. It consists of 14 administrative Villages, 3 neighborhood committees, 176 Village (neighborhood) groups and 5,260 households, with total agricultural population of 19,057 and urban population of 1,508. It is an important base for development and production of fruit, grain, vegetable and construction materials in Yongding District. ④ Fengxianggang Township Fengxianggang Township is located on the north bank of Lishui River in the west of Yongding District of Zhangjiajie, and it consists of 11 Villages, 2 neighborhood committees, 100 Village groups, 17 neighborhood groups and 3,420 households, with a population of 12,681. Its main nationality is the Han and Tujia nationality mixed with a small number of Miao nationality and Bai nationality. Most of areas of this town are covered by the alluvial flat ground, and hilly mountains are also visible. It is the comprehensive agricultural development zone in Yongding District of Zhangjiajie and also the “granary” of Yongding District. It has fertile lands and its main products include the grain & oil, fruit and vegetable. ⑤ Xixiping Town Xixiping subdistrict office is located in the east gate of Yongding District, and it is adjacent to Tianmen Mountain in the south and Lishui River in the north. It consists of 7 communities and 19 mountain Villages, and it has a population of more than 37,000 (including agricultural population of 23,000) and national land area of 127 km2. It has abundant water resources and has constructed Hongbiyan and Tumuxi hydropower stations. Its topography is dominated by the plain and mountain. The area in the north of Jiaozuo-liuzhou railway is covered by a large area of farmlands, while its south is covered by mountains with deep cloud and mist. 68 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan ⑥ Yanghuping Town Yanghuping Town is located in the northeast of Yongding District and relies on the Lishui River. It consists of 19 Villages, 3 neighborhood committees, 203 Village (neighborhood) groups and 5,545 households (including 5,526 agricultural households), with total population of 21,149. 4.4 Current situation of agricultural producing areas 4.4.1 Current situation of farmland pollution in Yongding District 166 point locations were collected in Yongding District for farmland soil monitoring and high frequent monitoring. As shown in Figure 4-9, most farmlands have heavy metal contamination risks of different degrees, with the main risk factor as Cd, followed by As and Hg. Figure 4-9 Current Situation of Farmland Pollution in Yongding District 4.4.1.1 Current situation of farmland Cd pollution in Yongding District According to the monitoring results, among all 166 point locations, the main scopes of soil 69 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Cd pollution concentration are 0.3-0.6mg/kg, accounting for 54.82%; the second common scope is≤0.3 mg/kg, accounting for18.07%; the third common scope is 0.6-0.9mg/kg, accounting for 15.06% and the last is ≥0.9mg/kg, accounting for 12.05%. Therefore, most farmland soil Cd pollution risk in Yongding District is low; however, it’s necessary to take protection and control measures, alleviate soil Cd pollution, and control OOS of agricultural products. Farmland Cd Pollution Status sees Table 4-6 and Figure 4-10. Table 4-6 Farmland Cd Pollution in Yongding District Number of Scope of Cd No. point Proportion Distribution content locations 1 ≤0.3 mg/kg 30 18.07% Wentang Village、Fengxianggang Village etc. Taiping Village, Wentang Village, Guangyanju Village, Wuxi 2 0.3-0.6mg/kg 91 54.82% Village, Bajiahe Village, Fengxianggang Township, Qingyutan Village, Yangchi Village, Wujiaju Village Taiping Village, Wuxi Village, Bajiahe Village, Wujiaju 3 0.6-0.9mg/kg 25 15.06% Village etc. 4 ≥0.9mg/kg 20 12.05% Taiping Village, Guangyanju Village etc. 5 Subtotal 166 100.00% 70 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Figure 4-10 Current Situation of Farmland Cd Pollution in Yongding District 4.4.1.2 Current situation of farmland As pollution in Yongding District According to the monitoring results, among all 166 point locations, the main scopes of soil As pollution concentration are <15mg/kg, accounting for 74.09%; the second common scope is 15-20mg/kg, accounting for 16.27%; the third common scope is 20-30mg/kg, accounting for 7.83%; the last is ≥30mg/kg, accounting for 1.81%. Therefore, there is basically no Cd pollution risk in Yongding District. Current status of farmland As pollution in Yongding District sees Table 4-7 and Figure 4-11. Table 4-7 Farmland As Pollution in Yongding District Number of Scope of As No. point Proportion Distribution content locations Major towns and townships, including Luotaping 1 ＜15 123 74.09% Township, Wentang Town, Yanghuping Town, Fengxianggang Township 2 15-20 27 16.27% Bajiahe Village, Guangyanju Village, Qingyutan Village 71 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan etc. Zhuangjiayu Village, Yaojiajie Village, Changwan Village 3 20-30 13 7.83% etc. 4 ＞30 3 1.81% Yiwanshui Village etc. Subtotal 166 Fig. 4-11 Distribution of Main Heavy Metal Arsenic (As) Pollution of Soils in Yongding District 4.4.1.3 Current Situation of farmland Hg pollution in Yongding District In accordance with the monitoring results, the number of points with soil mercury content ＜0.15mg/kg accounts for 59.04% of totally 166 points in the whole district; the number of points with mercury content within 0.15-0.3mg/kg accounts for 28.92%; the number of points with mercury content within 0.3-1.0mg/kg accounts for 11.44%; and the number of points with mercury content ≥30mg/kg accounts for 0.60%. It can be seen that the farmland soil in Yongding District basically faces low risk of mercury pollution. The current situation about the mercury pollution of farmland soil in Yongding District is detailed in the Table 4-8 and 72 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Fig.4-12. Table 4-8 Farmland Hg Pollution in Yongding District Number Scope of Hg No. of point Proportion Distribution content locations Most towns and township, including Luotaping 1 ＜0.15 98 59.04% Township, Wentang Town, Houping Town, Fengxianggang Township Most towns and township, including Luotaping 2 0.15-0.3 48 28.92% Township, Wentang Town, Houping Town, Fengxianggang Township Wuxi Village, Fengxianggang Village, Yiwanshui Village, 3 0.3-1.0 19 11.44% Daping Town, Shuangxiqiao Township etc. Fig. 4-12 Distribution of Main Heavy Metal Mercury (Hg) Pollution of Soils in Yongding District 4.4.1.4 Current Situation of other heavy metals pollution According to the monitoring results, there is no farmland Cr or Pb pollution in Yongding 73 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan District, without pollution risk. 74 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 4.4.2 Farmland pollution sources and treatment effects in Yongding District 1 Pollution sources Yongding District is located in the hinterland of Wuling Mountains, and the parent material for soil formation is dominated by the limestone. There are many types of soils in Yongding District, and the main heavy metal contamination source of the cultivated land is the discharge of waste residues and waste water resulting from the historical industry and mining activities. Yongding District is abundant in mineral resources. Discharge of wastewater, waste residue and waste gas produced by smelting enterprises is the main factor influencing the regional environmental quality. Wastewater produced by some industrial enterprises is directly discharged to nearby rivers without treatment or standard treatment, and causes serious influence on the environment. Heavy metal slags left by closed smelting enterprises cause serious heavy metal contamination to farmland and water resources under the role of wind, rain and leaching, and constitute large threats to water quality and agricultural production. Main pollution sources of farmland in Yongding District: “three wastes” of historical smelting enterprises; pollution pathways: pollutants entering into irrigation water thus causing pollution. 1) Composition of industries involving the heavy metals: the enterprises involving heavy metal in Yongding District are mainly concentrated in the mining of iron and coal in the northwestern mountain area as well as the mining of nickel molybdenum along the Tianmen Mountain. The coal and iron mining enterprises in the northwestern mountain area have been closed in the last century, but the excessive mining climax of nickel molybdenum has successively occurred twice under the stimulation of increase of market price of nickel molybdenum. The “three wastes” discharged by the industrial & mining enterprises and scattered mining points in the history entered the Lishui River and surrounding farmland, leading to pollution of the Lishui River and surrounding farmland. 75 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Figure 4-13 Distribution of Pollution Sources related to heavy metal industry 2) Distribution of tailings dams/slag fields: there is no tailing dam in the county. Some waste residues lie in Qing’anping Township and along the Tianmen Mountain. 2. Analysis of pollution source Yongding District implements the water quality monitoring of the drinking water source and Lishui River sections, and the monitoring points are respectively arranged on the Chengtan section, Xinmatou section and Duziyan section. The rate of reaching the standard in the function zone of surface water monitoring section is 100%. In accordance with the data provided by the environmental protection bureau, the rate of reaching the standard of the monthly average air quality in Yongding District was higher than 81% in 2015. According to related source analysis literature, existing research and monitoring data, as well as analysis of pollution sources in Yongding District, the proportion of industrial and mining activities is large among heavy metal contamination risks in the research area, and 76 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan there might be some other unknown important heavy metal contamination sources unlisted as the investigation objects. In aspect of industrial sources, Yongding District has abundant mineral resources and developed mining industry, and the produced large number mine solid wastes will be comprehensively influenced by many factors such as the water, biology, temperature, pressure and human activities, etc due to long-term staying in the surface environment different from the underground environment during the depositing and landfilling. Tailings slags will move from the lithosphere to the hydrosphere through the mineral weathering and dissolution of its contained heavy metal, so as to recycle in a variety of ways in the whole sphere. Heavy metals in surrounding farmlands of mines drop into soil mainly through the immigration of slag heap leaching water and wind-blowing diffusion of fine particles of slags and lead to the migration and homogenization of heavy metals within a short distance under the comprehensive effect of rainwater and biology, etc in a long period, which lead to the excessive content of heavy metals in farmland soil and crops. Yongding District has closed most of the industrial and mining enterprises and realized the resource utilization and processing of part of slags, but there are still a part of slags which are locally stacked and lead to pollution of surrounding farmland soil and water body after wind blowing and raining. In regard to agricultural source, calcium phosphate and phosphate powder with poor quality contain Cd, with the average content of 1.6mg/kg, and long-time application will definitely lead to Cd accumulation in farmland soils. In the previous 10-30 years, many Cd-containing phosphate fertilizers were applied in Hunan Province, not to mention Yongding District. No new heavy metal contamination will occur in agricultural source; thus, it can be neglected. In regard to other pollution sources, soil acidification will lead to increase in Cd effectiveness. According to related research result, in an acid condition, the rice Cd content may also exceed the standard value in unpolluted soils; the water content management method also has certain influence on the rice Cd content. 77 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan According to the above analysis, the contribution of man-made pollution sources including industrial and agricultural production to heavy metal accumulation in soils of the research area is relatively obvious. Source contribution rates of pollution sources to heavy metal contamination of farmland: see Table 4-9. 78 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Table 4-9 Analysis of Pollution Sources in Yongding District Type of Specific Analysis of Monitoring results of pollution pollution Pollution pathway monitoring point pollution 2015 source source influence Mainly the historically applied Agricultural Agricultural phosphatic fertilizer; at present, the Certain Fertilizer source inputs nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium influence fertilizers are safe. Contaminate surface water and underground water by rain washing Contaminating and further pollutes the farmlands as Main Water source: the whole Water source monitoring: Industrial Solid wastes irrigation water an irrigation water source; Deposition pollution district implements water standard reaching rate of source of mine of heavy metals in water body functional areas in source; large quality monitoring on the pollutes the sediment. surface water monitoring influence Chengtan section, Atmospheric sections: 100%; Atmospheric dustfall Xinmatou water source and Atmospheric monitoring: dustfall Stand reaching rate of air Duziyan section Background Environmental effect of various ore quality monthly: 88%. Natural Certain Parent material values of heavy deposits increases the content of source influence metal heavy metals in soil. Soil Heavy metal contained by soil itself acidification Relatively Others Farmland small Increase in Cd efficiency and management influence absorption measure 79 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 3 Control of pollution sources 1) Treatment of industries involving heavy metals In recent years, Yongding District pays attention to build an ecological tourist city, so the enterprises and scattered mining points involving heavy metals have already been completely closed. Moreover, the Yongding District implements treatment of pending pollutions and sporadic waste residue of the closed enterprises, and the treatment methods include recycling or landfilling, soil covering and greening, etc. Treatment of tailing slags in the surrounding area of Tianmen Mountain has been listed into the heavy metal contamination prevention and treatment planning during the “the 12th five-year plan” period, and fund input will be continued for the untreated items in order to complete the proper treatment gradually year by year. Table 4-10 Pollution Sources Involving Heavy Metal and Treatment Status Scale Pollution Pollution Enterprise Product Completion Closing Location (10,000 Discharge treatment name Program time time tons/year) status status Coal mines Tianjiagang, Coal gangues operation by Wujiawan and have been used enterprises in Coal 5.5 Residue 1958 1998 Hujiapo as construction Qinganping Villages materials, etc Town Wujiatang and Tanmuxi Shentangping state-owned Village in Coal 5-7 Residue 1958 1998 In-situ stacking coal mine Qinganping Town Damijie and Zhangjiapo Damijie iron Village in Iron ore 10-20 Residue 1958 2004 In-situ stacking mine Qinganping Town Qingyan Village Qingyan iron Slags have been in Luotaping Iron ore 0.2-1 Residue 1958 1960 mine treated Township Wangjiazhai, In-situ stacking Ganzixuan and Shuangxia Nickel Individual 0.5-1.5 Residue 2004 2008 Villages under molybdenum the Guanliping office Used as the construction Wangjiashan, materials and Zhuangjiayu Nickel raw materials of Individual and Liangcha 0.3-1.8 Residue 2004 2008 molybdenum cement plant, Villages under and treat Xixiping office properly year by year 80 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Scale Pollution Pollution Enterprise Product Completion Closing Location (10,000 Discharge treatment name Program time time tons/year) status status Tianmenxi, In-situ stacking Daping and Nickel Individual 0.2-1.2 Residue 2004 2008 Tangjia Villages molybdenum in Daping Town Xiaoping, In-situ stacking Sancha, Xingjiayu and Nickel Individual 0.3-1.5 Residue 2004 2008 Guojiaxi molybdenum Villages in Sancha Town Quanshui and In-situ stacking Tianping Nickel Individual 0.1-0.8 Residue 2004 2008 Villages in molybdenum Siduping Town Fig. 4-14 Treatment of Slags as the Pollution Source of Industries involving Heavy Metals 2）Treatment of surface water After the enterprises and sporadic mining points involving heavy metals are closed, the surface water quality basically meets the standard and complies with the Farmland Irrigation Water Quality Standard. 81 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 4.5 Investigation and assessment of current environmental quality status 4.5.1 Investigation and assessment of current surface water environment status (1)Arrangement of monitoring points The project area in Luotaping Township of Yongding District uses the Shuangfengyan reservoir as the irrigation water source. The main irrigation water source for the project area in Wentang Town is the Yaowan reservoir supplemented by the Lishui River. The irrigation water source for the project area in Houping Town is the Dayuwan reservoir and mountain spring water. The irrigation water source for the project area in Fengxianggang Township is the mountain spring water and the Tudiyu reservoir. The irrigation water source for the project area in Xixiping Town is the Zhangjiaxi reservoir. The irrigation water source for the project area in Yanghuping Town is the Yanghuxi reservoir and Lijiawan reservoir. With the aim of investigating irrigation water quality in the project areas, the Agricultural Bureau of Yongding District entrusts GRGT (Hunan) to monitor irrigation water source. ⑵Time of monitoring December 26-28, 2015 and January 18-20, 2016 ⑶Assessment standards Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) and Type-III standards stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) ⑷Assessment results According to the monitoring results stated in Table 4-11, monitoring factors of irrigation water sources of all project areas (pH, CODCr, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, As, Pb, Cd, Cr6+ and Hg) reach the requirements of Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) and Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002). 82 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 83 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Table 4-11 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality in Project Areas of Yongding District (unit: mg/L, pH dimensionless, ND: not detected) Monitoring and assessment factor Monitoring point Monitoring Name Total Ammonia Cr location date pH CODcr As Pb Cd Hg phosphorus nitrogen VI 2015.12.26 7.42 7.6 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND Wentang section of upstream of Lishui 2015.12.27 7.54 6.8 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND 2015.12.28 7.61 6.2 0.01 0.026 ND ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard 2015.12.26 7.55 7.2 0.04 0.185 ND ND ND ND ND Shantang Yejiaxi 2015.12.27 7.53 6.8 0.03 0.182 ND ND ND ND ND 2015.12.28 7.48 7.6 0.03 0.191 ND ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) Wentang Town result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard 2016.1.18 7.55 ND 0.02 0.036 ND ND ND ND ND Yaowan Reservoir 2016.1.19 7.62 5.4 0.01 0.036 ND ND ND ND ND 2016.1.20 7.58 ND 0.01 0.033 ND ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding rate Assessment (%) result Maximum times of ultra standard 7.71 6.0 0.02 0.035 0.0002 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00001 Longtan Group 7.68 7.0 0.01 0.032 0.0003 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002 7.63 5.0 0.01 0.034 0.0002 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002 84 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard 5.5～ Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) 150 / / 0.05 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.001 8.5 Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) 6～9 20 0.2 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 Note: Longtan group is the sampling before irrigation water flows into the farmlands Continued Table 4-11 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality in Project Areas of Yongding District (unit: mg/L, pH dimensionless, ND: not detected) Monitoring and assessment factor Monitoring Monitoring point location Name Total Ammonia Cr date pH CODcr As Pb Cd Hg phosphorus nitrogen VI 2015.12.26 7.46 7.8 0.02 0.042 ND ND ND ND ND Dayuwan Reservoir 2015.12.27 7.48 7.2 0.02 0.045 ND ND ND ND ND 2015.12.28 7.34 6.4 0.02 0.042 ND ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Guangyanju ultra standard Village 7.51 9.0 0.03 0.072 0.0003 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002 Group 12 of Guangyanju 7.47 10.0 0.02 0.069 0.0004 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00001 Houping 7.50 8.0 0.03 0.065 0.0003 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002 Town Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard 2016.1.18 7.65 5.4 0.01 0.028 0.0054 ND ND ND ND Mountain spring 2016.1.19 7.70 ND 0.01 0.028 0.0055 ND ND ND ND Bajiahe Village 2016.1.20 7.69 ND 0.02 0.031 0.0055 ND ND ND 0.00001 Assessment Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 result rate (%) 85 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard 5.5～ Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) 150 / / 0.05 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.001 8.5 Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) 6～9 20 0.2 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 Note: Group 12 of Guangyanju is the sampling before irrigation water flows into the farmlands Continued Table 4-11 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality in Project Areas of Yongding District (unit: mg/L, pH dimensionless, ND: not detected) Monitoring and assessment factor Monitoring point Monitoring Name Total Ammonia Cr location date pH CODcr As Pb Cd Hg phosphorus nitrogen VI 2016.1.18 7.58 ND 0.06 0.047 ND ND ND ND ND Zhangjiaxi Reservoir 2016.1.19 7.62 ND 0.07 0.050 ND ND ND ND ND 2016.1.20 7.63 ND 0.05 0.047 ND ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Xixiping Zhuangjiayu ultra standard Village 7.72 7.0 0.07 0.045 0.0006 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00001 Group 5 of Zhuangjiayu 7.81 6.0 0.07 0.048 0.0004 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002 7.75 6.0 0.06 0.050 0.0003 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00001 Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) 5.5～ 150 / / 0.05 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.001 86 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 8.5 Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) 6～9 20 0.2 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 Note: Group 5 of Zhuangjiayu is the sampling before irrigation water flows into the farmlands Continued Table 4-11 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality in Project Areas of Yongding District (unit: mg/L, pH dimensionless, ND: not detected) Monitoring and assessment factor Monitoring Monitoring point location Name Total Ammonia Cr date pH CODcr As Pb Cd Hg phosphorus nitrogen VI 2016.1.18 7.25 ND 0.01 0.036 ND ND ND ND 0.00002 Mountain spring 2016.1.19 7.29 6.7 0.01 0.039 ND ND ND ND ND Qingyutan 2016.1.20 7.32 11.3 0.01 0.033 ND ND ND ND ND Village Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fengxianggang of ultra standard Township 2016.1.18 7.66 7.1 0.05 0.253 ND ND ND ND ND Shandiyu Reservoir 2016.1.19 7.65 6.3 0.05 0.357 ND ND ND ND ND 2016.1.20 7.61 6.7 0.06 0.386 ND ND ND ND ND Fengxianggang Standard Village exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 of ultra standard Group 10 7.66 5.0 0.04 0.109 0.0003 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00006 87 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 7.62 7.0 0.08 0.109 0.0002 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00003 7.63 6.0 0.05 0.107 0.0004 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00007 Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 of ultra standard 5.5～ Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) 150 / / 0.05 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.001 8.5 Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) 6～9 20 0.2 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 Note: Group 10 of Fengxianggang Village10 is the sampling before irrigation water flows into the farmlands Continued Table 4-11 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality in Project Areas of Yongding District (unit: mg/L, pH dimensionless, ND: not detected) Monitoring and assessment factor Monitoring point Monitoring Name Total Ammonia Cr location date pH CODcr As Pb Cd Hg phosphorus nitrogen VI 7.49 13.0 0.04 0.085 0.0004 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002 Mountain spring of Yuhuangdong 7.52 5.0 0.03 0.088 0.0004 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002 Fengxianggang 7.56 5.0 0.04 0.082 0.0004 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002 Township Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard 5.5～ Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) 150 / / 0.05 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.001 8.5 Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) 6～9 20 0.2 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 88 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Continued Table 4-11 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality in Project Areas of Yongding District (unit: mg/L, pH dimensionless, ND: not detected) Monitoring and assessment factor Monitoring point Monitoring Name Total Ammonia Cr location date pH CODcr As Pb Cd Hg phosphorus nitrogen VI 2016.1.18 7.44 10.0 0.03 0.077 ND ND ND ND ND Shuangfengyan Reservoir 2016.1.19 7.48 8.3 0.03 0.072 ND ND ND ND ND 2016.1.20 7.42 ND 0.02 0.072 ND ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard Luotaping Township 7.52 9.0 0.04 0.071 0.0005 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002 You’ai Group of Taiping Village 7.55 10.0 0.03 0.056 0.0006 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00003 7.53 7.0 0.03 0.063 0.0006 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002 Standard exceeding rate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard 5.5～ Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) 150 / / 0.05 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.001 8.5 Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) 6～9 20 0.2 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 Note: You’ai Group of Taiping Village is the sampling before irrigation water flows into the farmlands 89 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Continued Table 4-11 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Quality in Project Areas of Yongding District (unit: mg/L, pH dimensionless, ND: not detected) Monitoring and assessment factor Monitoring Monitoring point location Name Total Ammonia Cr date pH CODcr As Pb Cd Hg phosphorus nitrogen VI 2016.1.18 7.49 7.1 0.03 0.028 ND ND ND ND ND Lijiawan Reservoir 2016.1.19 7.55 6.3 0.05 ND ND ND ND ND ND 2016.1.20 7.60 6.7 0.10 0.031 ND ND ND ND ND Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Yangchi ultra standard Village 7.58 8.0 0.05 0.029 0.0002 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002 Group 1 7.61 8.0 0.04 0.025 0.0002 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00002 7.63 7.0 0.05 0.029 0.0003 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00001 Yanghuping Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Town Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard 2016.1.18 7.49 10.8 0.09 0.448 0.0004 ND ND ND ND Yanghuxi Reservoir 2016.1.19 7.50 9.4 0.05 0.467 0.0004 ND ND ND ND 2016.1.20 7.51 7.7 0.04 0.450 0.0003 ND ND ND ND Wujiaju Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Village Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard Group 8 7.82 13.0 0.04 0.169 0.0005 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00006 90 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 7.86 11.0 0.05 0.182 0.0006 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00004 7.79 11.0 0.06 0.172 0.0005 0.0025 0.0005 0.004 0.00003 Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard 2015.12.26 7.48 5.6 0.05 0.146 ND ND ND ND ND Ferry of Yangchi Village, Yanghu 2015.12.27 7.47 6.4 0.04 0.148 ND ND ND ND ND Town 2015.12.28 7.43 6.3 0.04 0.155 ND ND ND ND ND Lishui Standard exceeding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Assessment rate (%) result Maximum times of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ultra standard 5.5～ Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) 150 / / 0.05 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.001 8.5 Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002) 6～9 20 0.2 1.0 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.0001 Note: Group 1 of Yangchi Village and Group 8 of Wujiaju is the sampling before irrigation water flows into the farmlands 91 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 4.5.2 Investigation and assessment of current soil environment status ⑴Distribution of monitoring points With the aim of investigating soil heavy metal content in the project area, the Agricultural Bureau of Yongding District entrusts GRGT (Hunan) to monitor the soils in the project area. ⑵Time of monitoring December 26-28, 2015 and January 18-20, 2016 ⑶Assessment standards Level-II standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) ⑷Assessment results According to the monitoring results, the farmland Cd contents in project areas of Yongding District exceed the standard values. The farmland Cd content in Luotaping Township is 0.39—0.5mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.3—0.66. The farmland Cd content in Wentang Town is 0.27—0.48mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.23—0.6. The farmland Cd content in Houping Town is 0.32—0.50mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.06—0.66. The farmland Cd content in Fengxianggang is 0.28—0.55mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.03—0.83. The farmland Cd content in Yanghuping Town is 0.35—0.55mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.16—0.83. The farmland Cd content in Fengxianggang is 0.28—0.55mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.03—0.83. The farmland Cd content in Xixiping is 0.408—0.482mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.36—0.61. In accordance with this site monitoring result, the soil monitoring factor Pb, As, Cr and Hg of farmlands in each project area of Yongding District does not exceed the value required by the grade 2 standard in the Soil Environmental Quality Standard. 4.5.3 Investigation and assessment of current status of irrigation canal sediments ⑴ Investigation object 92 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Irrigation canal sediments in project areas of Yongding County ⑵Assessment standards Level-II standards stated in Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) ⑶Assessment results According to the monitoring results shown in Table 4-12, contents of irrigation canal sediments in all project areas of Yongding District exceed the standard values, in which, the time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of You’ai Group, Taiping Village, Luotaping Township is 0.93 and that of Hujia Group is 2.5. The time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of Pushang Group, Wentang Village, Wentang Town is 0.4 and that of Wujiaping Group is 0.8. The time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of Group 11, Guangyanju Village, Houping Town is 0.1; that of Group12 is 0.9; that of Group 7, Wuxi Village is 0.06; that of Group 14 is 0.93; that of Group 4 of Bajiahe Village is 1.03; that of Group 10 is 1.7. The time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of Group 5, Qingyutan Village, Fengxianggang Township is 0.76; that of Group 1 is 0.43; that of Group 3, Fengxianggang Village does not exceed standard and that of 10 is 0.26. The time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of Group 3, Darongxi Village is 0.36; the time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of Group 3, Dingjiarong Village does not exceed standard. The time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of Group 1, Zhuangjiayu Village, Xixiping is 0.76 and that of Group 4 is 0.83. The time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of Yangchi Village, Yanghuping Town does not exceed standard and that of Group 7 is 0.06. The time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of Group 4, Wujiaju Village does not exceed standard and that of Group 9 is 0.73. The monitoring factor Pb, As, Cr and Hg for the sediment in the irrigation channel of each project area in Yongding District does not exceed the value required 93 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan by the grade 2 standard in the Soil Environmental Quality Standard. 94 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Table 4-12 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Sediments in Irrigation Canals in Yongding Project Area Monitoring factor Cation Name of Detailed address of sampling Northern Eastern Effective Organic Pb Cd As Cr Hg pH exchange project area points (village and group) latitude longitude state Cd matter (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (dimensionless) capacity (mg/kg) (g/kg) (cmol/kg(+)) You’ai Group 29.1900 110.1272 16.9 0.58 5.43 43.2 0.170 5.61 0.25 30.12 9.83 Times of 0 0.93 0 0 0 / / / / Luotaping Taiping ultra standard Township Village Hujia Group 29.1932 110.1456 37.2 1.05 8.76 124.7 0.280 5.42 0.52 37.51 19.31 Times of 0 2.5 0 0 0 / / / / ultra standard Pushang 29.1528 110.5781 27.5 0.42 3.61 60.1 0.260 5.72 0.25 37.06 16.08 Group Times of 0 0.4 0 0 0 / / / / Wentang Wentang ultra standard Town Village Wujiaping 29.1669 110.2158 35.6 0.54 10.07 70.2 0.280 6.01 0.27 47.03 12.16 Group Times of 0 0.8 0 0 0 / / / / ultra standard Group 11 29.0847 110.3803 67.0 0.66 13.80 68.0 0.70 7.61 0.29 64.08 11.79 Times of 0 0.1 0 0 0 / / / / Houping Guangyanju ultra standard Town Village Group 12 29.0842 110.3833 30.1 0.57 6.74 62.5 0.280 7.15 0.31 48.31 12.38 Times of 0 0.9 0 0 0 / / / / ultra standard ≤250 ≤0.3 ≤30 ≤250 ≤0.3 pH＜6.5 / / / Level-II standards stated in Environmental ≤300 ≤0.3 ≤25 ≤300 ≤0.5 6.5≤pH≤ 7.5 / / / quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) ≤350 ≤0.6 ≤20 ≤350 ≤1.0 pH＞7.5 95 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Continued Table 4-12 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Sediments in Irrigation Canals in Yongding Project Area Monitoring factor Cation Name of project Detailed address of sampling Northern Eastern Effective Organic Pb Cd As Cr Hg pH exchange area points (village and group) latitude longitude state Cd matter (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (dimensionless) capacity (mg/kg) (g/kg) (cmol/kg(+)) Group 7 29.0881 110.3472 36.7 0.64 13.50 82.0 0.192 7.84 0.29 47.41 19.81 Times of ultra 0 0.06 0 0 0 / / / / standard Wuxi Village Group 14 29.0908 110.3439 31.9 0.58 9.87 78.3 0.210 7.14 0.21 37.92 17.62 Times of ultra 0 0.93 0 0 0 / / / / standard Houping Town Group 4 29.0772 110.3717 25.7 0.61 11.05 61.3 0.170 7.13 0.24 43.16 12.70 Times of ultra 0 1.03 0 0 0 / / / / standard Bajiahe Village Group10 29.0756 110.3751 47.2 0.81 16.20 69.4 0.270 7.05 0.37 51.23 13.67 Times of ultra 0 1.7 0 0 0 / / / / standard Group 5 29.1675 110.5324 24.8 0.53 6.75 45.2 0.190 7.21 0.23 47.52 13.61 Times of ultra 0 0.76 0 0 0 / / / / Qingyutan standard Fengxianggang Village Group 1 29.1781 110.5562 35.8 0.43 17.20 55.8 0.190 7.05 0.19 40.06 14.63 Township Times of ultra 0 0.43 0 0 0 / / / / standard Fengxianggang Group 3 29.1047 110.3942 29.4 0.41 8.85 64.0 0.332 7.92 0.15 34.96 12.17 Village Times of 0 0 0 0 0 / / / / 96 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan ultra standard Group 10 29.1972 110.6618 30.3 0.38 10.90 64.7 0.125 7.03 0.13 29.41 17.63 Times of ultra 0 0.26 0 0 0 / / / / standard ≤250 ≤0.3 ≤30 ≤250 ≤0.3 pH＜6.5 / / / Level-II standards stated in Environmental ≤300 ≤0.3 ≤25 ≤300 ≤0.5 6.5≤pH≤ 7.5 / / / quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) ≤350 ≤0.6 ≤20 ≤350 ≤1.0 pH＞7.5 Continued Table 4-12 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Sediments in Irrigation Canals in Yongding Project Area Monitoring factor Detailed address of Name of Northern Eastern Organi Cation sampling points (village Pb As Cr Hg pH Effective latitude longitude c exchange project area Cd (mg/kg) (dimensio state Cd and group) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) matter capacity nless) (mg/kg) (g/kg) (cmol/kg(+)) Group 3 29.1242 110.4063 25.8 0.41 5.10 47.7 0.147 6.82 0.1 31.24 16.41 Darongxi Times of Village ultra 0 0.36 0 0 0 0 / / / Fengxiangg standard ang Group 3 29.1319 110.4053 38.2 0.38 7.66 69.0 0.173 7.78 0.2 46.15 16.63 Township Dingjiarong Times of Village ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 / / / standard Group 1 29.1052 110.5203 38.4 0.53 20.50 72.5 0.216 7.21 0.2 41.30 17.59 Times of Zhuangjiay Xixiping ultra 0 0.76 0 0 0 0 / / / u Village standard Group 4 29.0992 110.5092 42.8 1.10 13.40 94.0 0.212 7.83 0.6 56.83 19.23 97 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Times of ultra 0 0.83 0 0 0 0 / / / standard Group 3 29.1755 110.6108 30.7 0.41 5.98 63.0 0.129 7.96 0.28 35.25 13.89 Times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 / / / Yangchi standard Village Group 7 29.1711 110.6068 21.5 0.64 8.27 53.6 0.131 7.51 0.27 30.43 14.62 Times of ultra 0 0.06 0 0 0 0 / / / Yanghuping standard Town Group 4 29.1522 110.5783 31.9 0.44 9.83 68.0 0.220 7.98 0.28 45.15 17.29 Times of ultra 0 0 0 0 0 0 / / / Wujiaju standard Village Group 9 29.1511 110.5752 25.6 0.52 15.23 55.7 0.156 7.28 0.27 47.51 16.24 Times of ultra 0 0.73 0 0 0 0 / / / standard ≤250 ≤0.3 ≤30 ≤250 ≤0.3 pH＜6.5 / / / Level-II standards stated in Environmental 6.5≤pH≤ ≤300 ≤0.3 ≤25 ≤300 ≤0.5 / / / quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) 7.5 ≤350 ≤0.6 ≤20 ≤350 ≤1.0 pH＞7.5 98 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan 4.6 Investigation of agricultural products ⑴ Investigation object 24 rice samples are collected from the project area in Yongding District. ⑵Assessment standards National Standards for Food Safety: Limits of Pollutants in Food (GB2762-2012) (Standard values: Pb: 0.2mg/kg; inorganic As: 0.2mg/kg; total Cr: 1.0mg/kg; Hg: 0.02mg/kg; Cd: 0.2mg/kg) ⑶ Monitoring results ① Rice risk level in Luotaping Township project area: extremely high (RⅤ); 1 point location with measured Cd content 0.4-0.6mg/kg (high risk), accounting for 50% of two points; 1 point locations with measured Cd content >0.6mg/kg (extremely high risk), accounting for 50% of two points. ② Rice risk level in Wentang Town project area: medium (RⅢ); 2 point locations with measured Cd content 0.2-0.4mg/kg (low-medium risk), accounting for 100% of two points. ③ Rice risk level in Houping Town project area: high (RIⅤ); 3 point locations with measured Cd content 0.2-0.4mg/kg (low-medium risk), accounting for 50% of 6 points; 3 point locations with measured Cd content 0.4-0.6mg/kg (high risk), accounting for 50% of 6 points. ④ Rice risk level in Fengxianggang Township project area: medium (RⅢ); 4 point locations with measured Cd content 0.2-0.4mg/kg (low-medium risk), accounting for 66.6% of 6 points; 2 point locations with measured Cd content 0.4-0.6mg/kg (high risk), accounting for 33.4% of 6 points. ⑤ Rice risk level in Xixiping project area: medium (RⅢ); 4 point locations with measured Cd content 0.2-0.4mg/kg (low-medium risk), accounting for 100% of 4points. ⑥Rice risk level in Yanghuping Town project area: medium (RⅢ); 4 point locations with measured Cd content 0.2-0.4mg/kg (low-medium risk), accounting for 100% of 4 points. 99 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan 4.7 Social influence identification on environment in project area Identification of Environmental and Social Influence in Project Area is summarized in Table 4-19. Table 4-19 Identification of Environmental and Social Influence in Project Area Potential social and Description of Involved sensitive No. Project activity environmental Mitigation measures project point influence 1 Rish-based farmland management demonstration According to monitoring  Recipient of program requirements, sample to be tested, monitor the selected four  Sampling is a qualified testing project areas in a densified conducted in the laboratory manner (monitoring point project area and  Irrigation density of 30-50mu for samples are sent to a sources, drains, and mountain, 50-100mu for qualified testing irrigation water contiguous flat area; laboratory for analysis source drains monitoring of heavy metal and monitoring. During  Potential Intensive content in soil, and the process of chemical The waste liquid and sources of surface monitoring and agricultural product, analysis, there may be solid waste generated in water, groundwater 1.1 risk rating monitoring of heavy waste liquid and solid the testing laboratory and air pollution, assessment metals content in wastes, which are shall be treated safely. including industrial sediment, monitoring of handled by the testing and mining irrigation water quality laboratory according to enterprises and heavy metal content, the national involved in heavy etc.). According to the management standard, metal emission in monitoring data, assess the therefore, the the project area, level of risk, and environmental impact tailings pond, determine the is very low. historical pollution comprehensive risk sources , and waste control measures program. heaps, etc. Based on the analysis of valid data such as rice, internal and external agricultural pollutions, and Comprehensive agricultural production 1.2 risk control management, the project measures will adopt targeted risk management and control measures. For details, see 2.1 to 2.4. The engineering facilities of Yongding District  As the  Sprinkle water to Villagers, schools Engineering include canal engineering small-scale civil reduce dust; and other sensitive 1.2.1 facilities 22,720km, 17 construction activity,  Reasonable points around the sedimentation tanks and the project is located scheduling of small-scale civil field road maintenance up 100 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan to 2,190km around the agricultural construction; construction land and there is no  Construction activities environmentally machinery should meet Landfill receiving sensitive area the national health irrigation canal surrounding the project. protection standards; sludge (more than The size of the project  Monitor dredging level-3 soil is very small. There are of sediment in the standard) no more than 5-10 irrigation channel, and if project construction the sediment does not workers, it is exceed the level-2 unnecessary to build standard, it can be used construction camps, for land leveling and and the project does not backfilling, but if the involve land sediment is beyond the acquisition, demolition level-2 standard and and ethnic minorities. does not exceed the Noise, waste water and level-3 soil criteria, it solid waste may occur can be used in the forest. during the construction If the soil exceeds the process. However, level-3 standard, the these impacts are very soils are sent to the brief and have little close landfill, provided impact. They are that due diligence on limited to a small area landfill should be of the construction area conducted. and disappear with the end of construction.  Irrigation channel dredging involves the possibility that the sediment may be contaminated by heavy metals.  All agronomic  Based on the soil measures are carried monitoring results, set out in farmland, not the application rates of High-yield rice variety involving land lime, organic fertilizer Sensitive points control, optimizing field acquisition, relocation and soil inactivator such as villagers water management and ethnic minorities. according to soil and schools (flooding irrigation), soil  Irrigation of characteristics and risk affected by the acidification conditioning Agronomic paddy rice during grain degree of different application of lime; 1.2.2 (pH), application of measures filling and heading can project areas. Orchard, woodland organic manure, reduce the uptake of  Select agricultural receiving the application of soil heavy metals by rice. lime for application, removed straw; passivator, adjustment of  Application of which must be Net income of farm planting structure, straw lime can adjust the soil accompanied by households and other measures. pH, reducing crop evidence issued by the absorption of heavy authority for the key metals. However, indicators of product 101 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan excessive application quality. Lime requires of lime may cause soil calcium oxide content of compaction. If lime is 70%. In application of not applied, the health lime, the operating of the lime applicator personnel must wear may be affected if no protective clothing and protective measures are be sure to withdraw taken. windward (grade-4 and  Application of above wind power, lime soil inactivation agent should not be applied); can reduce the activity  The passivating of heavy metals in soil. agent applied must be an  Application of agricultural agent organic manure can registered in the national improve the physical agricultural sector that is and chemical properties allowed to be applied to of soil, but the the farmland to ensure application of that no new heavy unqualified organic metals pollution exists; fertilizer may bring the  Advocate the use secondary heavy metal of commercial organic pollution to farmland fertilizers, select the soil. commercial organic  Adjust the social fertilizer which has impact of planting already been tested in structure. the field and  Removal of determining the safety heavy metals from of the product through straw from farmland is the secondary pollution beneficial to reducing assessment, and has the heavy metals in already been registered; farmland soil. Potential and the heavy metal Environmental Impacts content of the of Straw Disposal Site. commercial organic Social influence. fertilizer shall comply with the standard "Organic Fertilizer" (NY 525 -2012);  Straw is removed for covering orchards and forest. Promote the clean  Facilitate  Timely removal agricultural production, reducing the amount of and recovery of encourage farmers to chemical pesticides; packaging of Agricultural inputs increase organic fertilizer, promote agricultural, agricultural inputs; 1.2.3 Pest management packaging recovery reduce the use of chemical physical, biological which are sent to the units fertilizers byscientific control measures and local specialized application of pesticides, low-toxicity and agricultural inputs implement specialized low-residue chemical packaging recovery 102 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan prevention and green pesticides, which is units; control of crop diseases conducive to ecological  Carry out and pests, and promote and environmental monitoring of diseases low-toxicity and protection in the project and insect pests low-residue efficient area.. Potential  Training of pesticide and modern plant environmental impacts agro-technical personnel protection machinery. of the disposal of and farmers on pest and packaging of disease control agricultural inputs. knowledge; 1.2.4 Other measures Based on the recommendation list of variety of rice for emergency with low cadmium accumulation in Hunan province, conduct research on technology that is safe for and suitable for production of rice in the project area,  No environmental Selection of reasonably select variety Net income of （1） influence. variety of rice in the project area, farmland household  Social influence confirm the cadmium accumulation index of the main paddy rice variety in the project area, and when the BCF index is higher than Ⅵ level, the risk of cadmium accumulation is higher, and it was controlled to access into the project area.  Corns are stored after being inspected and beyond-standard  Factories For the beyond-standard corn shall be purchased undertaking rice, implement the system by the designated industrial use of  Risk of heavy in which specialized enterprise at the national beyond-standard metal contamination as enterprises are arranged to protective price or rice (such as a result of reuse of Control of purchase such rice as market price and shall alcohol plant) residuals after use of （2） beyond-standard industrial grain and feed or be stored in the special  Landfill beyond-standard rice, rice for other industrial use, warehouse. receiving residuals which risk is extremely Such enterprises are  Detect heavy with excessive low. entitled to acquisition metal content in residual heavy metals  Social influence subsidies, and subsidy is of the beyond-standard  Sales price of 200 Yuan / ton. rice after industrial use, agricultural and safely dispose of products residuals with excessive heavy metals by sanitary 103 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan landfill  Prepare the "Program for the Control and Control of Heavy Metals Abnormal Rice". Entities obtaining certificates for Certification of  No adverse pollution-free, green, and place of origin of environmental （3） organic food are entitled to agricultural influence. subsidy of product  Social influence 5,000/10,000/20,000 Yuan. Encourage the project area Agricultural to create the brand of product brand  No adverse agricultural products and （4） building and environmental promotion to enhance the promotion influence. economic value of the expenses product The professional supervision institution shall be employed to supervise the implementation of the project agronomic  No adverse Project 1.3 measures (lime, organic environmental supervision fertilizer, passivation influence. agent, flood irrigation, straw from the fields, etc.). The supervision fee is calculated according to 20 Yuan / mu /season 2 Strengthening monitoring and management of agricultural environment Building agricultural  Soft research and 2.1 environment Including 1 sampling no adverse monitoring check-out vehicles, 2 database and client computers environmental early warning influence. system Establish model based on monitoring data of Risk-based component 1 to support farmland risk management of  Soft research and management tool farmland, and on the basis no adverse 2.2 and preparation of effective combination environmental of agricultural of data and management influence. risk chart tool, determine rating of risk of pollution of regional farmland and 104 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan crops, and prepare agricultural production risk chart for the province. Developer promulgate local rules and regulations and technical standards related to such Development or  Soft research and management as farmland issuance of local no adverse 2.3 pollution prevention and policy and environmental control and rehabilitation, standard influence. and guide the project counties in comprehensive management of farmland pollution control Study the sustainable financing mode and Sustainable ecological compensation investment and mechanism for the  Soft research and financing long-term farmland no adverse 2.4 mechanism and pollution management and environmental ecological soil health restoration influence. compensation action so as to ensure the mechanism sustainable agriculture development in Hunan province Foster the management and technical capacity of government officials; organize international and domestic investigation training; train environmental monitoring personnel and farmers, providing technical assistance to enterprises  No adverse Capacity involved in heavy metal 3 environmental building contamination with a total influence. of 1021.44 person-months; carry out project concept and technology promotion activity by seminars and training, and share and publicize project experience and technology by use of video and printed information. 105 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan Provide technical assistance and training (procurement, finance, security policies, etc.) for project management personnel to improve their management capabilities; purchase office equipment required for project management, and to undertake expenses of routine project Project  No adverse management, procurement 4 management and environmental and financial management. evaluation influence. Carry out the project kick-off / completion seminars, and build Mis system; collect farmland environmental quality change and other relevant information and data during the project implementation, and monitor and evaluate the project implementation results. The design size of the settling basin is 2 × 2 × 1.0 m, with cast-in-place concrete structure, the wall of 120mm thickness and of C20 cast-in-place reinforced concrete, and the floor of 120mm thickness and of C20 cast-in-place reinforced concrete. Basin bottom elevation is at least 300mm to the channel bottom elevation. Ecological interception ditch is mainly renovated on the basis of the original drainage ditch, including renovation of ditch bottom and ditch wall, and the construction of intercepting dam. The ditch wall is made of honeycomb cement board, and the cement board is evenly distributed. General cement board specifications is the 60cm × 50cm × 5cm (length × width × thickness), the honeycomb cement board hole diameter in the wall is 8.0cm, and the distance between adjacent holes is 20cm. Ditch bottom is also made of honeycomb-shaped cement board, the layout on the ditch bottom is flat. Ditch cross-section is trapezoidal. Cross sections both of intercepting dam and trench are also trapezoidal, with the central and bottom drainage holes. According to the needs, the water level within the interception section can be divided into 3 statuses: drained, half full and overflow. Dam height is about 70 cm. 106 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan Chapter 5 Environmental Influence Analysis and Mitigation Measures (ECOP and Specified Point Mitigation Measures) 5.1 Analysis on influences of the project civil engineering construction activities and mitigation measures Civil construction activities related to Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District consist of two categories: ①Small civil engineering, including the construction of sedimentation tanks, repair of the small field roads (only involving the road leveling and reinforcement without increasing the width and length of the road, and the roads are paved with sand and gravel); ② The field irrigation channel engineering construction, including the drainage channel and irrigation system renovation. The project civil engineering construction activities may exert some impact on the water environment, ambient atmosphere, acoustic environment and ecological environment during the construction period. Civil construction engineering activities in Yongding District are actually conducted on a smaller scale. The project is located in the farmland in the immediate vicinity. Project and the surrounding area have no environmentally sensitive districts and the project scale is actually very small. The project construction workers are no more than 5-10 persons without any need of building the construction camp. Moreover, the project is not involved with land expropriation, dismantling and relocation and ethnic minorities. It is likely to produce dust, noise, waste water (sewage) and solid waste, etc., in the construction process, the impact of which is temporary and insignificant as they are only limited within the construction scope and may be immediately gone with the conclusion of the engineering construction. The civil engineering construction activities of the integrated management project of farmland pollution in Yongding District mainly pertain to the field irrigation facility construction including the drainage canal and irrigation canal renovation. The project civil engineering activities impact water environment, atmospheric environment, acoustic environment and ecological environment during construction. 107 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan 5.1.1 Analysis on influences on water environment during construction Waste water during construction mainly includes construction wastewater and domestic sewage of constructors. The construction wastewater of the project is mainly the foundation pit excavation water seepage, concrete mixing wastewater, concrete curing wastewater, sand-gravel material washing wastewater, machinery wastewater with oil appearing during the small-scale civil engineering construction and the field irrigation facility construction. The waste water is in a small amount. The pollution factors of the waste water are mainly SS, petroleum and COD etc. The main pollutants of the domestic sewage are COD, BOD5 and SS. The accommodation of the project constructors is depending on the nearby village. According to the practical situation of local villages, the domestic sewage is collected in the septic-tank and is cleared regularly to be used as manure. The arbitrary discharge of construction wastewater without any treatment will cause a certain amount of pollution to soil and surface water. Especially in the rainy weather, it will have a greater influence on the surface water environment, but it will not bring heavy metal contamination. The sediments of water body will be disturbed during the construction of channel, In addition, the construction of the electric pumping station and the ecological intercepting ditch will disturb the sediments in water, which will increase the SS concentration in the water and have short impacts on the downstream water environment. This kind of project should stay away from the farmland irrigation period. The reasonable construction method should be taken and the construction time should be reduced as much as possible to reduce the disturbance to the canal bed and minimize the impact on the water. 5.1.2 Analysis on influences on ambient air during construction The impact of the project construction has concentrated impact on ambient air. The ambient air pollution mainly comes from the construction dust. During the construction, canal excavation, dregs transportation and loading, site clean-up and field construction will produce raised dust. The construction sites of the project are dispersed and the scale of the 108 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan construction site in each project area is small. Therefore, the construction dust produced is only in a small amount. Usually it only has some influences on the constructors. After the watering and dust suppression measures are taken, its impact on the regional environment is slight. 5.1.3 Analysis on influences on acoustic environment during construction The noises during the construction are the noise on the construction site and the traffic noise during material transportation. ①The noise on the construction site The noises on the construction site mainly include the mechanical equipment noise and the impact noise during material loading such as shoveling and transportation, concreting, earthrock filling as well as aggregated rock and gravel loading etc. Since the construction machinery is in mobile outdoor operation and has no sound insulation measures, it will have some impacts on the residents living around the construction site. ②The traffic noise The truck will be mainly used as the transportation vehicle during the construction. The maximum noise intensity of a truck can reach 90dB (A). The construction sites of the project are dispersed, the work amount of each project area is small and there are not so many transportation vehicles. Therefore, the traffic noise in the construction transportation is intermittent and short. The work amount in each project area of the project is small and dispersed, the noises produced during the construction is intermittent and short. In addition, the construction is only conducted during the daytime and the construction sites are normally over 200m away from the centralized settlement of the village. Therefore, the impact of the noises is slight. By strengthening management and taking corresponding environmental control measures, its impact can be minimized. 5.1.4 Analysis on influences of solid wastes during construction The engineering construction of sedimentation tanks and field roads. If no preventive measures are taken to the dregs, they will affect the landscape. In rainy seasons, they will 109 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan cause water and soil loss; in windy and dry weather, they will produce flying dust. If the domestic wastes are not treated in time, they will breed mosquitoes in mild temperature and cause a stink and transmit diseases, thus having adverse impacts on the surrounding environment. The construction contents of the drainage canal and the irrigation canal are the renovation and hardening of the original canals. The “grouted rubble +concrete” will be adopted for reinforcement. The design capacity of the sedimentation tank is 4 m3, so the engineering quantity is quite small and the earth excavation is mainly involved with the canal building; the repair of the small field roads does not increase the width and length of the road, and the roads are paved with sand and gravel, so the earthwork is actually well balanced within the construction section. In-situ leveling and accommodation of earth-rock works will be implemented. Given the fact that subprojects of Yongding District are hilly areas, the work amount of each sub-project site is not large, and so the excavated dregs can be used for land leveling on site. The quantity of the constructors’ domestic wastes is smal l. The domestic wastes of the constructors are in a small quantity. They can be collected on the construction site and cleared and transported by the construction side. Therefore, the domestic wastes have slight impacts on the surrounding environment. Prior to the hardening and upgrading of channel in this project, it requires the dredging of the channel, mainly clearing and removing the channel sediments. In the actual construction process, a temporary sedimentation tank is intended to be built in the lower waste land in each construction section for the air drying of the channel sediments, and it will be further disposed of until sediments become solid. Where five factors in sediments, Cd, Pb, As, Cr, Hg, comply with Level-II standard of Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995), the sediments will be leveled and filled back in the nearby hollow place, thus exerting insignificant impact on the soil environment; where a single or more than one factors out of the five factors in sediments complies or comply with Level-II standard of Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) but is or are lower than Level-III standard thereof, the sediments, after the 110 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan air drying, will be transported to the forest land for the consumptive purpose, mainly used as the soil fertilization in the forest land, thus exerting very insignificant impact on the forestland soil; however, if a single or more than one factors out of the five factors in sediments goes or go beyond Level-III standard of Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995), the sediments, after the air drying, will be transported to the landfill for the sanitary landfill, so this kind of sediments can be disposed of in a safer manner. In view of the channels to be dredged in Yongding District, refer to Table 5-1 for the details about the actual condition where a single or more than one factors out of the five factors in sediments, Cd, Pb, As, Cr, Hg, goes or go beyond Level-II standard of Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995), and different disposal measures will be taken in view of the degree of sediments in excess of the standard. The abovementioned measures immediately taken can help the proper disposal of the sediments to be dredged from the channels in this project, thus exerting the insignificant impact. Table 5-1: Heavy metal content and disposal measures for sediments to be dredged from the channel in Yongding District Sediments heavy Channel to be metal factors in excess No. Excessive condition Disposal measure dredged of the standard and content (mg/kg) Exceeding Level-II standard of Environmental Substrate sludge of quality standard for 1 channel of Taiping Cd: 0.58 soils To be transported Village (GB15618-1995) but to Yongding lower Level-III District Forestland standard thereof after the air drying Exceeding Level-II for the forestland standard of fertilization Substrate sludge of Environmental 2 channel of Wuxi Cd: 0.58 quality standard for Village soils (GB15618-1995) but lower Level-III 111 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan standard thereof Exceeding Level-II standard of Environmental Substrate sludge of quality standard for 3 channel of Bajiahe Cd: 0.81 soils Village (GB15618-1995) but lower Level-III standard thereof Exceeding Level-II standard of Environmental Substrate sludge of quality standard for 4 channel of Cd: 0.57 soils Guangyanju Village (GB15618-1995) but lower Level-III standard thereof Exceeding Level-II standard of Environmental Substrate sludge of quality standard for 5 channel of Cd: 0.53 soils Qingyutan Village (GB15618-1995) but lower Level-III standard thereof Exceeding Level-II standard of Substrate sludge of Environmental channel of quality standard for 6 Cd: 0.38 Fengxianggang soils Village (GB15618-1995) but lower Level-III standard thereof Exceeding Level-II standard of Environmental Substrate sludge of quality standard for 7 channel of Cd: 0.53 soils Zhuangjiayu Village (GB15618-1995) but lower Level-III standard thereof Remarks: Level-II standard of Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995) 112 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan applies to farmland soil; Level-III standard thereof applies to the forestland soil and the high background value soil with the larger pollutant capacity. 5.1.5 Analysis on influences on ecological environment during construction The construction contents of the project are mainly the renovation of the drainage canal and the irrigation canal and the construction of the sedimentation tank and the construction and repair of the field roads. The drainage channels and irrigation channels in this project are involved with the renovation of the original channels without increasing the new land use; the construction and repair of the field roads do not increase the width and length of the roads without the land expropriation; the sedimentation tank only covers a smaller land area and is intended to be built in the vacant land within the project area without the land expropriation as well and the construction of the ecological intercepting ditch, the electric pumping station and the front sedimentation tank. The drainage canal and the irrigation canal in the project are renovated from the original canals. The ecological intercepting ditch is constructed based on the original ditch. Therefore, there is almost no newly-added land use. The occupied land of the electric pumping station and the front sedimentation tank is quite small. During the construction, the construction site, the temporary dreg yard and the construction material storage need to occupy some lands temporarily, which will have great impacts on the ecological elements such as the vegetation and the soil environment. which will have great influences on the ecological elements such as the vegetation, the soil environment, and the land utilization type etc? The land occupancy, the machinery grinding and personnel activities etc. may damage the vegetation on the earth’s surface and affect the function of the ecosystem; during the excavation and the filling, the stripping of the vegetation on the earth’s surface will cause the damage of the vegetation on the earth’s surface and meanwhile the waste soil stockpile will cause the soil erosion inevitably. Therefore, during the construction, the temporary water and soil loss will be caused. The project doesn’t have a large area of permanently occupied lands. After the construction is completed, the temporarily occupied construction land can be used for 113 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan reclamation planting at any time. Therefore, the project has slight impacts on land use. 5.1.6 Analysis on mitigation measures to influences of the project civil engineering construction on common environment For the mitigation measures to influences of the project civil engineering construction on environment, please see the following appendixes: Appendix 1 Small civil engineering environmental protection procedures -ECOP Appendix 2 Environmental Protection Regulations of Field Irrigation Facility Construction ECOP 5.1.7 Analysis of impact of the project construction activities on the specific points and mitigation measures (1) Impact of construction dust on the special sensitive target In the project the small civil construction and field irrigation facilities construction has a very small scale in a single engineering. According to the analogy investigation, the construction of the engineering of this kind has the dust influence mainly within the scope of 100m. The seventh middle school of county in Wentang Town project area is 90m away from the construction area; the Bajiahe Elementary School of Houping Town project area is 60m away from the construction area and the Dayong County Middle School is 78m away form the construction area. The Fourth Middle School of Dayong County of Yanghuping Town project area is 81m away from the construction area and the Elementary School of Shawan Brigade is 59m away from the construction area. The dust emission during the construction process has a great influence on these sensitive targets.To reduce the influence of construction dust on the surrounding sensitive targets, the project intends to take appropriate measures to minimize the influence of the construction dust. (2) Impact of construction noise on the special sensitive target The single engineering construction quantity in this project is quite small and the construction is scattered and the noise arising from the construction process is intermittent and transient and the construction period is only limited in the daytime. The seventh middle 114 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan school of county in Wentang Town project area, the Bajiahe Elementary School in Houping Town project area, the Dayong County Middle School, the Fourth Middle School of Dayong County in Yanghuping Town project area and the Elementary School of Shawan Brigade are 50~90m or so away from the construction area. The noise generated in the construction will have an impact on these sensitive targets. This project intends to adopt the following measures to mitigate the impact on the sensitive acoustic environmental protection target: ①The construction within 200 m from the surrounding area of the school should be arranged at the non-schooling period. ② The construction machines and equipment (particularly the high noise equipment) should be put in places 200m away from the school; ③ The construction transport should avoid the road of access to the school. However, if it is hard to avoid it, the transport of construction materials and residue earth should be arranged after school instead of the school sessions. ④ The transport vehicles should slow down next to the school and try not to horn. The single civil construction time in this project is very short and the impact on the surrounding sensitive target will be temporary. The abovementioned effective measures can reduce the noise to the maximum, so the impact on the surrounding sensitive target can comply with the relevant standard requirements. (3)Impact of dredged sediments in excess of the standard on Yongding District Forestland If the heavy metals in the sediments meet the Class II of the Ambient Soil Quality Standard (GB 15618-1995) that is designed to ensure the soil quality to meet the requirements for safeguarding the human health and agricultural production, the sediments will be used on site; if the heavy metals exceed the Class II but below the Class III that is designed to safeguard the normal growth of trees, agricultural crops (excludes vegetables), the sediments will be applied in woodland; and if the heavy metals exceed the Class III, the minimum requirements for beneficiary use of soil, the sediments will be dried and transported to local 115 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan sanitary landfills for landfill where the landfill facilities are designed and constructed to the sanitary standards. In view of the dredging of sediments from irrigation channels in Taiping Village, Wuxi Village, Bajiahe Village, Guangyanzui Village, Qingyutan Village, Fengxianggang Village, Zhuangjiayu Village, its heavy metal content goes beyond Level-II standard of Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995), but is lower than Level-III standard thereof. The sediments after the air drying need to be transported to Yongding District Forestland for the consumptive purpose, mainly for the forestland fertilization. The transport vehicles shall be sheltered with tarpaulin to prevent the falloff. The forestland area in Yongding District is 2,460,000 mu but the quantity of consumptive sediments is less than 70t, so Yongding District Forestland can completely assimilate or absorb these sediments, The forestland soil is subject to Level-III standard of Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995), and the absorbed and assimilated sediments can meet Level-III standard thereof, so the impact of these sediments on Yongding District Forestland is really acceptable. 5.2 Analysis on surrounding and upstream pollution sources and mitigation measures 5.2.1 Investigation and analysis on surrounding and upstream pollution sources Yongding District has abundant mineral resources, and the mining of metallic ores such as iron, nickel molybdenum, etc involving the discharge of heavy metals has occurred in the history. It has a long history of mining, beneficiation and smelting. Due to the constraint of many factors in different historical development stages, such as the technical conditions, awareness level and regulation strength, etc, the heavy metals in the externally discharged waste water are deposited in the sediment of ditches and river channels, and the heavy metals in the waste gas settle in soil and water body through the atmosphere and then flow into 116 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan surface water, soil and underground water through the surface runoff, so the discharged heavy metals gradually accumulate in a non-biodegradable way. This leads to the constant increase of heavy metal concentration in soil, sediment and water body and more serious pollution, which thereby causes the heavy metal contamination accident. Luotaping Township Project Area in Yongding District: Through field survey, public consultation, data collection and analysis, the upstream of Luotaping Township project area in Yongding District has Propylite iron mining historically. No smelting enterprise, tailing pond or leftover problem exists in surrounding areas or upstream areas. After field investigation, the waste slags in historical mining yard have been removed and basically will not cause new heavy metal contamination of the downstream farmlands. Mining of Qingyan iron mine was implemented during 1958-1960 and the mining scale was 2000-10000 t/year, and then this mine was closed in 1960. Xixiping Project Area：Through field survey, public consultation, data collection and analysis, once there was ni-mo mining in the upstream of Xixiping Project Area with residues; No smelting enterprise, tailing pond or leftover problem exists in surrounding areas or upstream areas. Nickel molybdenum mines were mined by local individual residents, and the mining period was 2004-2008, with the mining scale of 3000-18000 t/year. The government of Yongding District ordered to stop the mining of nickel molybdenum mines in 2008, and there were many waste slags in dozens of places in the mining area, and the total amount of slags was 46000 tons according to the statistical data of the environmental protection bureau. After that, the government of Yongding District offered the dedicated funds to implement the cleaning project against the residual waste slags and realized proper treatment and transportation of nickel molybdenum ores through outsourcing. After field visit and verification by the environmental protection bureau of Yongding District, 80% of the residual waste slags of nickel molybdenum mines have been treated up to now, and the clearing and transportation of the remaining slags is under progress. Through field survey, public consultation, data collection and analysis, No smelting enterprise, tailing pond or leftover problem exists in surrounding areas or upstream areas of 117 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan Wentang Town Project Area, Houping Town Project Area, Fengxianggang Township Project Area, and Yanghuping Town Project Area. In the project areas of Wentang Town, Houping Town, Fengxianggang Township and Yanghuping Town, the soil pollution is caused by the alluvial deposits after flooding in Lishui River and sewage irrigation by using the Lishui River water. After field investigation and verification of the environmental protection bureau, illegal industrial and mining enterprises on both banks of Lishui River have been closed and forbidden to implement illegal mining, and the remaining slags in the history have been treated and the Lishui River water quality meets the Farmland Irrigation Water Quality Standard (GB5084-2005), so new heavy metal contamination will not occur. The cascade hydropower station for the Helong hydropower station and Yutan hydropower station on the trunk stream of the middle and upper reaches of Lishui River have been successively completed in 1997 and 1999 respectively, which greatly reduces the risk of catastrophic floods in the project area, and their total reservoir capacity is respectively 1215 billion m3 and 77.85 million m3. Flood prevention capacity will be reserved for the flood period. After the field investigation, there is no industrial and mining enterprises discharging polluting heavy metals in surroundings and upper reaches of each sub-project area in Yongding District, and there is no tailing pond in the upstream. In accordance with the investigation of irrigation water quality in each sub-project area, the water quality meets the Farmland Irrigation Water Quality Standard (GB5084-2005), and generally speaking, the upstream irrigation water will not bring new heavy metal contamination to the farmlands in the project area. However, there are still remaining slags involving the heavy metal in the upper reaches of the project area (Xixiping project area), and the slag leaching water containing heavy metal will flow into the surface water and soil with the surface runoff under the effect of rain washing and leaching, which thereby leads to new heavy metal contamination to the downstream farmland. 5.2.2 Mitigation Measures (1) Strengthen the motoring, regulation and law enforcement efforts, and strictly forbid to recover the mining of historical mining points of nickel molybdenum, iron mine, etc at the 118 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan upstream of the project area. (2) For the project areas with remaining slags in the upper reaches, the front sedimentation tank is arranged in the front section where the irrigation water flows into the farmlands for purpose of interception and settlement of the irrigation water. The heavy metals resulting from the rain washing of slags are mainly located in the washing sediments, while the front sedimentation tank can effectively intercept the sediments containing heavy metal, so as to prevent the new heavy metal pollutants entering the farmland. (3) Clean the lower part of sediments regularly according to the amount of sediments intercepted by the front sedimentation tank, and the sediment settling shall avoid the agricultural irrigation period and wet season. Regularly implement the toxicity leaching test of the cleaned sediments. The precipitated sludge is the general solid waste. Therefore, the sludge can be used for road filling or filled in the downfold after it is dried; otherwise, if the precipitated sludge is the dangerous solid waste, it must be transferred and treated by the qualified enterprise according to relevant risk requirements. (4) Clean and transport the historically retained slags for purpose of treatment by outsourcing. The cleaning and transporting time shall avoid the wet season, and anti-dropping measures should be taken in the transportation workshop. It is not allowed to implement the cleaning and transporting during 20:00~6:00 at night, in order to avoid influencing the rest of residents along the transportation route. See Picture 5-1 for the typical front sedimentation tank. 119 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan Picture 5-1 Typical Front sedimentation tank 5.3 Analysis on influences of agricultural activities and mitigation measures In the agricultural activities of Yongding District, the factors with impact on the environment include: flooding irrigation, lime application (soil acidification and adjustment of pH value), use of organic fertilizer, use of soil passivator, adjustment of planting structure, etc. Those with influence on certain points include: removal of straw from field and control of out-of-limit rice. All agricultural activities of Yongding District are implemented in fields and not involving land acquisition, demolition and ethnic minorities. 5.3.1 Analysis on common influences of agricultural activities 5.3.1.1 Analysis of the impact of flooding irrigation During the period of project implementation, flooding irrigation could reduce heavy 120 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan metal absorption in rice during the period of grain filing and heading. Yongding District has abundant water sources for irrigation. Although flooding irrigation temporarily increases irrigating water volume during the period of grain filling and heading, compared with the abundant irrigating water resource in the area, this volume is still quite small and has very little impact on agricultural irrigation in the region. The flooding irrigation of this project has positive impact on the environment. 5.3.1.2Analysis on influences of lime spreading The irrigation water in the project area is faintly acid. Spreading proper amount of lime can adjust the pH value of the water. The lime amount can be chosen scientifically according to the soil pH value and the soil texture. See Table 5-4 for the specific amount of the first year. The amount of the second year can be adjusted according to the change of the soil pH value. Usually, the amount of the second year is half of that of the first year. The spreading will be stopped in the third year and the amount of the fourth year is same as that of the second year. The rest can be done in the same manner. Table 5-2 Table of Lime Amount (Unit: kg/hectare) Soil texture/pH value ＜4.5 4.5-5.5 5.5-6.5 ＞6.5 Sandy soil 3150 2250 1800 Not applied Loam 3600 2700 2250 Not applied Clay 4500 3600 3375 Not applied After the lime is applied, the heavy metal ionic concentration in the irrigation water is reduced and the pH value still meets the requirements in Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005). The applied lime is the joint product of quick lime (CaO content＞ 70%) and limestone (CaO content＞70%) as well as dolomite (CaO+MgO content >45%) etc. in the proportion of 1:3. The small percentage of the quick lime can effectively prevent the crops and people from being burned during the application. The soil in the project area is acidized in different levels and is faintly acid. The application of lime can reduce the acidity of the soil and improve the activity of the 121 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan microorganism. Lime is the good material to neutralize acidic soil. It can boost the sedimentation of the ions such as cadmium and lead etc. in soil, restrain the activity of the heavy metals in soil and reduce the content of cadmium in rice. The application of lime can improve the soil pH value and help with the activity of microorganisms (the microorganism likes the near-neutral soil environment). The lime applied to the farmland is the joint product of dry powders. The lime is spread with the spreader and by people. During the spreading, it is unavoidable to cause lime dust pollution to local ambient air, but the scope of influences is small and the influencing time is short. It mainly has adverse effects on the lime spreading worker and has slight impacts on the surrounding residents. While the workers are spreading quick lime, they must be well protected. They must wear protection suits and respirator to guarantee safety. 5.3.1.3 Analysis on influences of the application of soil amendment All the passivation amendment applied is the agricultural agent which is registered and allowed by the national agricultural department to be applied to the farmland. Therefore, it is guaranteed that it won’t cause new heavy metal contamination. Currently, the passivator materials used for the passivation amendment of farmland soil heavy metal contamination both at home and abroad mainly include: (1) clay minerals; (3) material containing phosphorus; (4) silicon-calcium materials; (5) metallic oxide such as ferric oxide, ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, goethite, manganese oxide and cryptomelane etc.; (6) organic materials; (7) industrial wastes etc. In the actual application to the farmland, avoid applying the industrial waste as the passivation amendment as far as possible to prevent the new secondary pollution or the damage of the structure and physicochemical property of the soil as well as the destruction of the environment, which has unpredictable adverse effects on the long-term environmental quality of the farmland. In terms of the current using effect, after the passivation amendment of the farmland soil heavy metal contamination, the available reduction rate of the heavy metals such as Cd and Pb etc. can reach 10%~30% and the available reduction rate of Ca, Pb etc. in the crops (rice and vegetables etc.) can reach 122 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan 30%~70%. In combination with the agronomic regulation measures, the remediation efficiency can reach 90%. The passivation amendment stability of Cd and Pb etc. in common soil can be more than 3 years. In addition, under many circumstances, as the amendment time is extended, the passivation amendment stability effect of heavy metals in soil becomes more obvious. The organic passivator helps restore the micro-ecological environment system in soil and reduce the bioavailability of toxic metals in soil so as to reduce the poison in the crops. During the farmland soil heavy metal contamination passivation amendment, a large amount of the applied passivator may have adverse effects on the soil environment quality. After the application of the passivator, attention should be paid to the stability of the passivator itself, the long-term stability of the heavy metals after passivation/ stabilization and the long-term impact of the passivator on the soil texture, physicochemical properties and environmental quality. In addition, conduct comprehensive tracking, monitoring and evaluation on the influence of the passivation amendment on the growth, output, and quality etc. of the crops. 5.3.1.4 Analysis on influences of the application of organic fertilizer The organic fertilizer is rich in organic matters and the nutrient substances necessary to the growth of the crops. It can provide nutrients required by the growth of the crops, improve soil and the quality of the crops, increase the crop yield, boost the high and stable yield of the crops, maintain the fertility of soil, increase the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer and reduce production costs. The full and reasonable use of the organic fertilizer can increase the crop yield; improve the fertility of the farmland, the quality of the agricultural products and the availability of the soil nutrients. Many materials can be used as the raw materials of the organic fertilizer and they can be categorized as follows: ①agricultural wastes, such as straws, bean pulp and cotton dregs etc.; ②excrements of livestock and poultries, such as excrements of chicken, cows, sheep and rabbit; ③industrial wastes, such as distillers’ soluble, vinegar residues, manioc wastes, sugar wastes and furfural residues etc.; ④domestic wastes like kitchen wastes etc.; ⑤municipal 123 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan sludge, such as river sludge and sewer sludge etc. Many materials can be used as the raw materials of the organic fertilizer. The straws rich in heavy metals, the excrements of livestock and poultries eating fodders containing heavy metals and municipal sludge etc. may bring the heavy metal element into the organic fertilizer. Once the organic fertilizer with excess heavy metals is applied to the farmland, the content of the heavy metal element in soil may increase, which will cause secondary pollution. Therefore, the heavy metal content of the applied organic fertilizer in the project area must be lower than that in the standards of Organic Fertilizer (NY 525-2012). If the excrements of livestock and poultries are used as the organic fertilizer, it is required that the heavy metal content of the fodder for the livestock and poultries should meet the Hygiene Specification for Fodder (GB13078-2001). For the excrements of livestock of the surrounding peasant households, the PMO should strengthen supervision. If the excrements from the breeding industry are not tested or tested to be over standard, they can’t be applied to the farmland to prevent causing new heavy metal contamination. 5.3.1.5 Analysis on influences of the application of fertilizer The application of fertilizer has a great influence on the heavy metal content in soil, especially the cadmium content. The application of phosphatic fertilizer contributes most to the cadmium content in soil. Related studies indicate that if the rice field cadmium input such as rains, dust, irrigation and pesticides etc. and the cadmium output such as the surface runoff and subsurface runoff etc., and the application of phosphatic fertilizer is the main source of the rice field cadmium input. The application of the only fertilizer with rich cadmium and phosphorus can prevent the cadmium content in the rice grains from exceeding standards in a short time, but it increases the cadmium pollution risk in soil. The fertilizer with rich cadmium and phosphorus must be used in coordination with the amendment like lime for rice production. Therefore, the fertilizer product with low cadmium content should be selected to reduce the cadmium pollution of the fertilizer to the rice field soil. When the phosphatic fertilizer is used with the compound fertilizer, the fertilizer product with low cadmium content should be 124 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan selected to guarantee soil environment and food safety. 5.3.1.6 Analysis on influences of the application of pesticides The scientific and comprehensive pest control technology is widely applied in the project area. According to the data provided by Yongding District Bureau of Agriculture, the pesticides application frequency of Yongding District is 3 times/quarter. In 2015, Yongding District used 54.36t chemical pesticides and 4 biopesticides. The amount of the biopesticides took up 7.4 % of the total amount of the pesticides. Through the on-the-spot investigation and the verification of Yongding District Bureau of Agriculture, it is discovered that all the pesticides applied to the farmland in Yongding District are the qualified pesticides which meet the national standards. These pesticides won’t cause the heavy metal contamination to the farmland. During the project implementation, the selection and application of the pesticides will be guided and supervised by the agricultural departments of Yongding District, enabling the pesticides to be used scientifically and reasonably in the project area. The PMO entrusted Hunan Plant Protection Station to form the “Pest Management Plan (PMP)” which is based on the plant protection guideline of “Priority in Prevention, Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment”, enforces and practices the idea of “Public Plant Protection” and “Green Plant Protection”, summarizes and proposes the prevention and treatment method of common plant diseases and insect pests of the main crops related to the project, such as rice, corn, potato, orange, grape, vegetable, cotton, rape, tea, etc. Such prevention and treatment plan is to, under the precondition of protecting the ecological environment, stress the role of natural control, promote the control of plant diseases and insect pests through the method of agricultural, physical and biological prevention and control method, coordinate in the use of proper chemical prevention technological measures, reduce the reliance on agricultural chemicals, reduce the control of plant diseases and insect pests below the allowed level of economic loss, and obtain the optimal economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit. (1) Main methods recommended by pest management plan (PMP) 125 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan ①Physical prevention and treatment method a. Use the phototaxis of pests to trap and kill pests. b. Use thermal energy, such as hot water treatment to kill the internal lurking pathogenic bacteria in seeds. c. Cut and burn the branches with plant diseases and insect pests. d. Eliminate fallen fruits with plant diseases and insect pests in orange farm to reduce the over-winter amounts. ②Biological prevention and treatment method a. Protect and use natural enemy. b. Use biological agent and products. c. Create suitable environment for natural enemy and increase the quantity of natural enemy. ③Chemical prevention and treatment method a. Use the pesticide with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue, the non-polluted pesticides recommended by this project are as follows in Table 5-3. b. Promote the application of spray additives that reduce quantity and increase effect of pesticide, so as to effectively reduce pesticide dose. c. In the insect source areas and occurring central areas with relatively high population density, timely use the highly-efficient and low-quantity pesticide to control at young stage of pests, ensure the every use of pesticide to reach the optimal effect, and strictly prohibit from using the pesticide with lethality to natural enemy at late stage of pest rampancy. d. Guarantee safe pesticide use intervals. e. Adopt safe pesticide application instruments and methods to enhance the pesticide use efficiency and pest prevention and treatment effect. f. Strengthen the promotion, education and training about safe and rational use of pesticides, strictly follow the regulations on use of pesticides, pay attention to safety, including the correct wearing of protective clothing, master the first aid general knowledge about pesticide poisoning, etc. 126 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan g. Take care of the safe storage of agricultural chemicals (such as staying away from children and food, etc.) h. Properly handle pesticide wastes and packaging, avoid washing and cleaning pesticide application machinery in natural water. (2) List of recommended non-polluted pesticides Table 5-3 List of Recommended Non-polluted Pesticides Tox Control Safety interval Crops Recommended products icit objects (day) y Prothioconazole (10%, 20%, suspending agent) U 21 Isoprothiolane (40%, missible oil and wettable powder) Ⅲ 28 Azoxystrobin (over 25%, missible oil) U 21 Bacillus subtilis (over 100 billion PIB/g, wettable Rice blast U 20 powder) Oxime bacteria tebuconazole (over 75%, water U 21 dispersible granule) Spring thunder Zinc thiazole (over 40%, suspending U 21 agent) Hexaconazole (10%, suspending agent and water U 28 dispersible granule) Rice Tebuconazole (43%, suspending agent) U 21 Thifluzamide (over 24%, suspending agent) U 14 Azoxystrobin (over 25%, missible oil) U 21 Epoxiconazole (over 12.5%, suspending agent) U 21 Banded sclerotial Validamycin (over 20%, water soluble powder) U 14 blight Valid bacillus cereus (over 12.5%, suspending agent) U 14 Phenazino-1-carboxylic acid (over 1%, suspending U 14 agent) Benzyl – propiconazole (30%, water dispersible granule, Ⅲ 28 missible oil) Oxime bacteria – tebuconazole (over 75%, water U 21 127 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan Tox Control Safety interval Crops Recommended products icit objects (day) y dispersible granule) Epoxiconazole (over 12.5%, suspending agent) U 20 Tebuconazole (43%, suspending agent) U 60 Propiconazole (25%, missible oil) U 28 False smut Benzyl – propiconazole (30%, water dispersible granule, Ⅲ 28 missible oil) Valid bacillus cereus (over 12.5%, suspending agent) U 14 Oxime bacteria – tebuconazole (over 75%, water U 21 dispersible granule) Pymetrozine (over 25%, suspending agent, wettable U 14 powder and water dispersible granule) Buprofezin (25%, suspending agent and wettable U 14 powder) Thiamethoxam (25%, water dispersible granule) U 28 Rice Imidacloprid (10%, 20%, wettable powder, water dispersible planthopper Ⅲ 21 granule, suspending agent, microemulsion, seed dressing) IPP (10%, suspending agent) U 20 Dinotefuran (over 25%, wettable powder) U 21 Pymetrozine – nitenpyram (over 80%, water dispersible U 30 granule) Chlorantraniliprole (over 20%, suspending agent) U 7 Fluorobenzene insect amide (over 20%, suspending U 14 agent) Tetrachloro insect amide (over 10%, suspending agent) U 30 Rice leaf Indoxacarb (over 15%, missible oil) U 28 folder Ethylene methoxy- insect (34%, suspending agent) U 21 Agritol (over 8,000 IU/mg, wettable powder) Ⅲ 14 Methylamino abamectin benzoate (2%, water dispersible U 21 granule and microemulsion) 128 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan Tox Control Safety interval Crops Recommended products icit objects (day) y Ethylene methoxy- insect (34%, suspending agent) U 21 Metaflumizone (22%, suspending agent) U 21 Chlorantraniliprole (over 20%, suspending agent) U 7 Fluorobenzene insect amide (over 20%, suspending U 14 Chilo agent) suppressalis Ethylene methoxy- insect (34%, suspending agent) U 21 Tetrachloro insect amide (over 10%, suspending agent) U 30 Pretilachlor (over 30%, including safener, missible oil, U - emulsion in water) Bensulfuron methyl (over 10%, wettable powder) U - Penoxsulam (over 2.5%, suspending agent) U - Cyhalofop-butyl (over 10$, missible oil and emulsion in U - water) Direct seeding rice Benzyl mi pretilachlor (20%, wettable powder) U - Weeds field Metamifop (over 10%, missible oil and oil suspended U - agent) Promazine pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (over 10%, suspending U - agent and oil suspended agent) Bentazone (45%, water aqua) Ⅲ - Bispyribac-sodium (over 10%, suspending agent and oil U - suspended agent) Butachlor (over 50%, missible oil, suspending agent and Ⅲ - emulsion in water) Pretilachlor (over 50%, missible oil, suspending agent Rice seedling U - and emulsion in water) throwing Weeds (transplanting with Mefenacet (over 50%, missible oil, suspending agent U - machinery) field and emulsion in water) Bensulfuron methyl (over 10%, wettable powder) U - Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (over 10%, wettable powder) U - 129 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan Tox Control Safety interval Crops Recommended products icit objects (day) y Cyhalofop-butyl (over 10%, missible oil and emulsion U - in water) Bispyribac-sodium (over 10%, suspending agent and oil U - suspended agent) Butachlor (over 50%, missible oil, suspending agent and Ⅲ - emulsion in water) Pretilachlor (over 50%, missible oil, suspending agent U - and emulsion in water) Transprogramted Weeds rice fields Bensulfuron methyl (over 10%, wettable powder) U - Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (over 10%, wettable powder) U - Cyhalofop-butyl (over 10%, missible oil and emulsion U - in water) Mancozeb (over 80%, wettable powder) U 14 Copper calcium sulphate (77%, wettable powder) Ⅲ 32 Thiediazole copper (20%, suspending agent) U 14 Scab Chlorothalonil (over 75%, wettable powder) U 21 Azoxystrobin (over 25%, suspending agent) U 14 Difenoconazole (10%, water dispersible granule) U 28 Zinc thiazole (over 20%, suspending agent) U 21 Thiediazole copper (20%, suspending agent) U 14 Orange Kocide SD (46%, wettable powder and water dispersible Canker Ⅲ 30 granule) Resin acid copper salt (20%, wettable powder) U 14 Copper calcium sulphate (77%, wettable powder) Ⅲ 32 Propineb (over 70%, wettable powder) U 21 Thiophanate-methyl (over 70%, wettable powder) U 21 Anthracnose Bromothalonil (25%, missible oil) Ⅲ 21 Prochloraz (20%, missible oil and emulsion in water) U 14 130 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan Tox Control Safety interval Crops Recommended products icit objects (day) y Azoxystrobin (over 25%, suspending agent) U 14 Chlorothalonil (over 75%, wettable powder) U 21 Captan (over 80%, water dispersible granule) U 21 Phomopsis citri (sand Prochloraz (20%, missible oil and emulsion in water) U 14 skin disease) Mancozeb (over 80%, wettable powder) U 14 Big (small) 0.1% of abamectin bait concentrate U 14 trypetid Spirodiclofen (24%, suspending agent) U 30 Propargite (over 73%, missible oil) Ⅲ 30 Tetranychus cinnbarinus Arvey Propargite (40%, missible oil) Ⅲ 30 Arvey pyridaben (10.5%, minor missible oil and missible Ⅲ 21 oil) Fenpyroximate (5%, missible oil) U 15 Phyllocoptrut Spirodiclofen (24%, suspending agent) U 30 a oleivora Arvey Propargite (40%, missible oil) Ⅲ 30 Buprofezin (25%, wettable powder) U 35 Scale insect Imidcloprid’s buprofezin (18%, suspending agent) U 35 type Engine oil (94%, missible oil) Ⅲ 30 Chlorbenzuron (over 25%, suspending agent) U 21 Leaf miner Diflubenzuron (25%, wettable powder) U 28 Chlorfluazuron (over 5%, missible oil) U 21 Glyphosate (over 30%, water aqua, water soluble U - powder, water soluble granule) Orange orchard Weeds Glufosinate-ammonium (over 20%, water aqua) U - Flumioxazin (over 50%, wettable powder) U - Rape Stalk break Carbendazim (over 80%, wettable powder) U 41 131 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan Tox Control Safety interval Crops Recommended products icit objects (day) y Dimethachlon (40%, wettable powder) U 25 Prochloraz (25%, missible oil) U 21 Enhance stress Conditioning agent 0.136% of red benzopyrrole wettable powder U - resistance of crops 63% polyhydric alcohols nonionic surfactant U - Pest disease Auxiliaries Ethyoxyl modified trisiloxanes U - and weed Singular silicic acid U - (3) Plant diseases and insect pests monitoring and training program The monitoring work shall be implemented in the various townships and towns of implemented region by the agriculture technology extension service centers and project office on municipal and district (county) level along with the owner; once plant diseases and insect pests are found, it must be timely reported and handled. The dispatched personnel of WB shall timely help establishing proper monitoring system and sampling procedure, as well as provide training in the implementation and analysis aspects of monitoring system. For more details about the specific pest management of this project, please refer to the “Pest Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land with World Bank Loan”. During the project implementation, the high-performance sprayer in low volume will be promoted. The Plant Protective Station of Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province has verified that the high-performance sprayer in low volume will increase the effective utilization ratio of pesticides from 30% to over 60%, thus making the application amount of the pesticides 50% less than before and the application amount of the herbicides 40% less than before. It reduces the pesticide residues in water and the widespread pollution. Also, it helps improve the water quality of the lakes, reservoirs and rivers in the project area. Mitigation measures to pesticides application impacts 132 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan ①Train the farmers and the chemicals retailers about the possible impacts of the specific chemicals on the environment and recommend better sprayers and methods; ②Cooperate with the town government and the department of agricultural technologies in the project area to standardize, supervise and monitor the pesticides spraying so as to guarantee the water source is clean; ③Recommend the safe sprayers certified by the national quality inspection institutions; ④Select the highly efficient, low-toxicity and less-persistent pesticides; ⑤Publicize the biological control measures and minimize the amount of the chemical pesticides; adopt a series of nuisanceless measures (agricultural, physical, biological and low-toxicity chemicals) to guarantee the pests’ resistance to pesticides will not be improved; ⑥ Control the pesticides application frequency of the Mancozeb and the Bordeaux mixture etc. containing Cu and Zn to reduce their accumulation in soil. 5.3.1.7 Analysis on influences of agricultural wastes During the project implementation, a small quantity of agricultural wastes such as the agricultural film and packing materials for the agricultural inputs etc. will appear in the project area. If they are discarded at will and left in soil, the decomposition of soil humus and the air permeability and water permeability of the soil will be affected, resulting in damaged soil structures, low content of nutrient elements and lower water retention and fertilizer maintenance capacity. Therefore, the agricultural film and packing materials for the agricultural inputs etc. should be removed and recycled in time to prevent them from polluting the environment in the agricultural product production place. This project plans to set collection pool of agricultural material packaging wastes in every project area, and requires farmers to collect and temporarily store the used farming films and pesticide packaging, etc. Meanwhile, connect with the agricultural material packaging recycling station of Yongding District to regularly transport the agricultural material wastes at the collection station to agricultural material packaging recycling station of Yongding District, which shall collectively entrust qualified unit for treatment. Through the measures above, the agricultural material wastes of this project could be properly treated and 133 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan have very little impact on the environment. 5.3.1.8Analysis on influences of the adjustment of planting structure For the areas at the extremely high cadmium pollution risk in the project area, according to the regional planting habit, the industrial base and the market requirement, adjust the planting structure of the crops and replace the original rice with the grape. The grape is the featured commercial crop in Yongding District with high economic benefits. These replanted crops are all planted locally and will not have obvious impacts on the local ecological environment. (8) Analysis on influences of removing straws from fields When the cadmium content of the rice straw>1.5mg/kg, if the straws are return to the field, they are bad for reducing the cadmium content of the field and will affect the effect of the project implementation. For the areas with the cadmium content of the rice straw>1.5mg/kg, remove the straws from the fields to restrain the cadmium pollution tendency in the field. By adopting the operation mechanism of the PPP pattern, providing stimulation and subsidies to the field operator or the professional reaping cooperatives, changing the reaping mode (head-feed reaping to guarantee all the straws are removed and utilized) and adding the ways of binding for chopped straws (can purchase the reaper-binder), the crop straws are moved out of the field in the project area. According to the related research conclusion by Chinese agricultural research institute, for the straws polluted by cadmium, the cadmium content is generally 1.5~10mg/kg, even if such straws are moved to orchard, it will not cause cadmium pollution of soil. Therefore, the rice straws removed from the fields in this project could be moved to orchard for absorption, and its impact on orchard soil is acceptable. The principles of suiting measures to local conditions, utilizing comprehensively and saving costs are applied to the removed straws. In view of the characteristic that there are many mountain lands and forest lands in Yongding District, the treatment and utilization of straws are implemented by using the centralized collection and local reforestation and 134 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan covering. In addition, the PMO should strengthen supervision to guarantee the straws are removed from the fields smoothly and are treated properly. Through the above measures, the straws can be removed from the area with excess rice straws and the removed straws can be utilized or treated properly, which has a slight impact on the environment. (9) Analysis on influences of the control of over standard rice 5.3.2.1Control scheme of out-of-limit rice and impact analysis 1. Control scheme of out-of-limit rice in the project area of Yongding District To strengthen the control of the rice with cadmium and other heavy metals over proof and ensure that the overproof rice is not in circulation in the field of grain circulation, the scheme is hereby established through the preliminary study by the District People's Government. (1) The scope of management and control The overproof rice produced in the project areas such as Fengxianggang Township, Houping Town, Yanghuping Town, etc. (2) The unit in participation of cooperation Yongding District Bureau of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, XX Grain Reserve Warehouse, project area rural townships and villages (neighborhoods), rice planting cooperatives, project area farmers, Xiangquan Distillery, etc. constitute the cooperative unit to solve the problem of overproof heavy metal cadmium. (3) Control mode and procedure ① Control mode An overproof rice acquision agreement is made by the Bureau of Agricultural and Rural Affairs on behalf of the government respectively with XX Grain Reserve Warehouse, rice planting cooperatives, project area farmers and other units and a sales agreement with Xiangquan Distillery. An assistance shall be provided by the rural townships,villages(or cooperatives) in the process of the acquisition to ensure that all the overproof rice is purchased with no omissions. 135 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan ②Operating procedure A, Sampling and inspection According to the characteristics of Wuling mountainous area of Yongding District, one sample of rice per 30-50 mu should be taken, totaling 250-300 samples in the whole project area. Sampling time should be at the stage of yellow ripeness after the rice is matured. The samples which are degranulated and dried up should be inspected by the related inspection institute. B. Confirmation of overproof rice According to the inspection result, the rice with cadmium more than or equal to 0.2mg/kg shall be confirmed as the overproof rice in accordance with the relevant national standard. C. Overproof rice acquisition and temporary storage An overproof rice entrustment acquision agreement is made by the District Bureau of Agricultural and Rural Affairs on behalf of the government with XX Grain Reserve Warehouse at the corresponding price stated by the nation that year. The acquired overproof rice is temporarily stored in a separate manner in XX Grain Reserve Warehouse. D. Overproof rice sales and processing In order to reduce the loss due to acquision of cadmium overproof rice, the overproof rice can be sold to Xiangquan Distillery and processed directly into edible liquor. And the ’Cadmium Overproof Rice Processng Agreement’ is signed by the Bureau of Agricultural and Rural Affairs on behalf of the government of Yongding District. The overproof rice shall be processed separately into edible liquor. The sales price shall be made based on the amount of rice received by the distillery and the price at which the rice is purchased by the enterprise. And an appropriate subsidy shall be provided. At the same time, the heavy metals such as cadmium, etc. in the liquor and lees coming from the overproof rice shall be inspected. The lees possibly with a high content of cadmium should be disposed such as landfilling, etc. Appropriate subsidies for the expenditure for the inspection of product and by-product and research of lees disposial method in the wine industry shall be provided by the Yongding District Project Office in the manner of technical assistance. 2. Environmental impact of overproof rice control The rice with cadmium content more than 0.2mg/kg should be purchased by the special 136 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan enterprise of Xiangquan Distillery as the raw materials for brewing. The cadmium in rice are mainly enriched in lees the by-product. At present, the overproof rice has low times of untra standard and it is not overproof in accordance with the foreign standard. And the lees have a low content. Therefore, the impact on the environment can be accepted after taking these measures. The EIA recommends that a regular monitoring of lees should be made with the monitoring indicators of Cd, Pb, As, Cr and Hg, as detailed in Section "Environmental Monitoring Plan". Monitoring results should meet the Feed Hygiene Standard (GB 13078-2001) that allows them to be used as feed. Otherwise, they should be transported to Yongding landfill site for sanitary landfill. Yongding District landfill site is located in Xixiping of Yongding District. The landfill site is treated for anti-corrosion and anti-seepage to the construction standards and requirements of landfill site. The total capacity of the landfill site reaches 3,957 thousand cubic meters and the garbage disposal scale 250 tons / day and the landfill leachate disposal scale 200 tons. The useful life is about 30 years. Due to less amount of lees generated from the rice of this project and low content of other heavy metals, it has little effect on the landfill site in Yongding District. By taking the above measures, the overproof rice in project area can be controlled and utilized and its by-products properly disposed of. Therefore, there are less impacts on environment. For the rice with the cadmium content more than 0.2mg/kg, Zhangjiajie Guangyuan Wine Industry Development Co., Ltd, etc are locally selected as the dedicated enterprises for purchasing of these rices. The cadmium in rice mainly gathers in the by-product (distillers’ soluble). The EIA suggests that this kind of distillers’ soluble should be tested and for those meeting the Hygiene Specification for Fodder (GB13078-2001), they can be considered to be used as the fodder, otherwise they should be treated properly by taking measures like sanitary landfill. Through the above measures, the over standard rice in the project area can be controlled 137 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan and utilized and its by-product can be treated properly, which has slight impacts on the environment. 5.3.2 Mitigation measures of agricultural activities See the below appendix for the mitigation measures of agricultural activities: Appendix 2 Agronomic Activity Environmental Protection Regulations ECOP 5.3.2 Common environment influence mitigation measures of agricultural activities are shown in the following appendices: Appendix 3 5.3.3 Analysis and mitigation measures of the influence of agricultural activities on special sites 5.3.3.1 Analysis and mitigation measures of the influence of removing straw from farmland 5.4 Analysis on influences on social environment and mitigation measures 5.4.1 Analysis on influences on social environment The Integrated Management Project of Farmland Pollution in Hunan Province with World Bank Loan involves 16 counties (cities) and has wide social influences. Each implementation link are connected closely and all linked with one another. The smooth implementation of the project is largely determined by the participation willingness and attitude of the project implementation subject (peasant household). To serve the optimization design of the whole project and its effective implementation, Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province entrusts Institute of Sociology, Hunan Normal University to work out the social influence evaluation report. According to the safety control policies of the World Bank, 138 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan the social influence evaluation and analysis should be conducted in combination with the social evaluation work in the environmental management plan. 5.4.1.1 Positive social influences (1) Short-term influences ①Through the publicity of the project, improve the production safety product awareness of the stakeholders. Through the survey, it is found that the understanding of the stakeholders in the area with mild contamination on the cause and the result of farmland heavy metal contamination is not sufficient. Through the publicity and training of the project, the project will improve the stakeholders’ awareness to the urgency of farmland heavy metal contamination treatment. ② Through the training of the project, improve the peasant households’ skills in production safety products. Through the survey, it is discovered that the excess heavy metals in the agricultural product relate to the agronomic technology of the peasant households. The optimization of the agronomic technology can reduce the heavy metal contamination to the agricultural product. Therefore, through the training on the peasant households, the project can improve the peasant households’ skills in production safety products. ③Through public participation, consensus on the farmland heavy metal contamination treatment will be achieved. Through the survey, it is found that the stakeholders still have many disputes over whether the treatment is needed and how to treat the pollution. Through public participation, consensus on the farmland heavy metal contamination treatment will be achieved. ④Create favorable conditions for agricultural production by improving the infrastructure. Through the survey and the on-site interview, it is discovered by the social assessment team that the peasant households’ desire to improve local backward irrigation infrastructure is quite strong. Whenever the social assessment team arrives at a project village, most villagers will reflect that the local infrastructure is poor, especially the road and the water; there are always problems in the project area such as insufficient investment in the rural infrastructure as well as lacking effective investment and management etc. These problems seriously affect the 139 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan sustainable development of agricultural production and rural areas. Through the engineerings such as clean water irrigation, canal renovation and tractor-ploughing road repairing etc., the project will create favorable conditions for agricultural production. ⑤The environmental management and the agricultural environment monitoring provide technical supports for agricultural product quality management. Through the survey, it is found that the project area lacks agricultural product and soil monitoring facilities, which results in lacking of clear understanding of the related government departments and the peasant households on the heavy metal contamination level of agricultural product. Through the environmental management and the agricultural environment monitoring, the project will provide technical supports for agricultural product quality management. ⑥ The risk resistance capacity of the peasant households and the product competitiveness are improved by cultivating agricultural cooperatives. The long-time backwardness of the project area enables many peasant households to realize continuously that their scattered situation will make them live on repeated sell of primary agricultural products which have low added value and production efficiency as well as difficulties in market integration. Most peasant households have to go through the local or non-local collector if they want to sell the agricultural products. Finally, the products will go to the company. What the peasant households get is only the price of the primary agricultural products and what they earn is the money from running around here and there. The real added value lies in the deep processing. Therefore, the peasant households gradually realize it and urgently desire to be led by the cooperatives and big peasant households to improve the market competitiveness of the product, extend the industrial chain and increase the product price. Cultivating agricultural cooperatives will help improve the risk resistance capacity of the peasant households and the agricultural product competitiveness. (2) Medium and long-term influences ①The project implementation brings obvious ecological benefits. Through the survey, it is discovered that the ecological environment in the project area is damaged by the heavy metal contamination in different levels. The following measures are taken to the ecological 140 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan environment protection of the project area: (1) source control. The joint management departments led by the agricultural departments are established in various regions to urge the related department to manage the industrial and mining enterprises at the upstream and control the source of pollution. (2) Dynamic monitoring. Set up monitoring stations at the irrigation water source and the farmland to monitor the heavy metal contamination dynamically. (3) Soil restoration. Restore soil through the technological measures like green manure planting. These measures control the farmland heavy metal contamination to some degree, which helps improve the ecological environment. ②The project implementation brings substantial economic benefits. Through the survey, it is found that the farmland heavy metal contamination treatment has already affected the agricultural production and the farmers’ income to some extent. The treatment measures adopted in the project bring substantial economic benefits. They are reflected in four aspects: (1) increase the sales price of the agricultural product. By taking corresponding measures, the project enables the farmland to produce qualified agricultural products, which can increase the agricultural product price. For example, in Yongding District, some slightly polluted areas has had the treatment measure experiments like VIP etc. The cadmium content in the rice is get controlled. The price of the rice is increased to 320 yuan per hundred kg from 250 yuan per hundred kg. (2) Reduce agricultural production costs. The agricultural capital cost can be decreased by about 30% by supporting and cultivating the agricultural cooperatives. (3) Increase the land utilization efficiency. The utilization efficiency of the agricultural cooperative’s general lands is increased. By cultivating the agricultural cooperative, the land utilization efficiency can be increased. (4) Increase the added value of agricultural products. The project team cultivates the agricultural cooperatives and establishes the monitoring facilities, which provides organizational and technical supports for agriculture industrialization and is good for increasing the added value of agricultural products. ③The project implementation brings obvious social benefits. Through the survey, it is found that there are many migrant workers in the project area. The poor peasant households specialize in the traditional agricultural business and planting patterns and are caught in the 141 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan poverty circulation. In addition, the farmland heavy metal contamination treatment lacks experience for reference. The implementation of the project can effectively solve the above problems and bring obvious social benefits. They are reflected in: firstly, beneficial to the returning of the migrant workers. The implementation of the project creates jobs and entrepreneurial opportunities for the migrant workers, especial for women. Through the survey, it is discovered that 70% of the staff employed in the agricultural cooperatives are women. Secondly, beneficial to shaking off poverty and becoming prosperous. Restricted by information, technologies and funds, the poor peasant households are caught in the poverty circulation. By providing the support in aspects of information, technologies and funds, the project team is able to help them out of poverty. Thirdly, beneficial to forming the farmland pollution treatment pattern. Currently, the farmland pollution treatment is lacking the experience and the pattern for reference. The implementation of the project can find out an effective technical and management pattern in the project area, setting an example to other areas in the aspect of heavy metal contamination treatment. 5.4.1.2 Negative social influences (1) During the project implementation, the transformation of the agricultural production structure will be carried out and replanting may be conducted in some lands, which will affect the income of some farmers in a short period. (2) The project involves the input to increase agricultural production and may influence the yield of the agricultural products, which will affect the income of most peasant households. (3) During the project implementation, the dust, noises and the temporary storage of wastes and dregs will have adverse impacts on the cleanliness of the project area environment provisionally and the daily life of the residents of the ethnic minorities. 5.4.1.3 Brief summary of social influences In general, the integrated management project of farmland pollution has positive influences on the society. It can improve the soil in the project area, increase the yield of the agricultural products, improve the infrastructure condition and the ecological environment of 142 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan the project area, fuel the social and economic development in the project area and improve the quality of the farmers and the comprehensive service level of agriculture. In addition, it is beneficial to the agricultural technology transfer and can improve the awareness to the agricultural heavy metal pollution prevention. The main negative social influences are the transfer of the agricultural production structure that may happen, the requisition of some lands and the interest demands. The negative social influences can almost be removed if reasonable and legal land requisition and proper compensation are realized. 5.4.2 Social risk precautionary measures 5.4.2.1 Social risk identification and elusion measures Table 5-5 Social Risks in Different Categories Category Specific content Elusion tactics (1) Build new irrigation canals or drainage canals; Land requisition Prepare a brief resettlement action (2) Renovate irrigation canals or drainage and resettlement plan. canals; (3) Build new electric pumping stations. (1) The risk of net earning reduction; Through the consultation with the (2) Marketing and sales risks; local agricultural departments and (3) The risk of substandard food; residents, figure out a basic Economic risk (4) The risk that the subsidy standard is compensation package. Each below the peasant households’ government can adjust the package expectations; according to the practical situation. (5) The risk of reduced yields. Work out the training and subsidy (1) The risk of insufficient technical plans for the peasant households and experience of the peasant households; the cadres; Technical risk (2) The risk of lacking technical standards; Related departments work out (3) The risk of immature treatment detailed technical specifications; technologies. Conduct feasibility demonstration in detail and with discretion. Work out financial standards according to the requirements of the (1) Nonstandard financial affairs; World Bank and the relevant Management risk (2) Ineffective implementation; provisions of the state; (3) Unclear responsibilities. Work out clear duty specifications and assign responsibilities to the people. 143 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan The data acquired by the project party through monitoring during the (1) Problems left over by history; start and implementation stage of the Public opinion (2) The exaggeration of the heavy metal project should be kept confidential; risk contamination; Enhance publicity to promote the (3)Improper attributions. residents’ environmental awareness. Work out the engagement and consultation principles. 5.4.2.2 Social risk control (1) Work out the framework of the resettlement policy to ease the land requisition and resettlement risk that may exist The project implementation almost doesn’t involve involuntary resettlement. However, the project may have uncertain resettlement influences. Therefore, according to the stipulations of the World Bank, if the project has slight influences on the whole displaced group, or less than 200 people will be affected by the project, and the property loss is less than 10%, a brief resettlement action plan is OK. (2) Work out the basic compensation package and cultivate agricultural cooperatives to ease the economic risk in the farmland pollution treatment Through the consultation with the local agricultural departments and residents, figure out a basic compensation package. Each government can adjust the package according to the practical situation. For the system change project involving a large amount of investment like replanting flowers and nursery stocks, the financial models of “mutual guarantee of peasant households+cadre’s guarantee” and “company+base+credit cooperative+peasant household” should be encouraged. For the areas without agricultural cooperatives, the agricultural cooperatives should be cultivated. For the existing agricultural cooperatives, their abilities to organize and manage should be improved through training. (3) Strengthen technical training and specifications to ease the technical risk in treatment To ease the technical risk in treatment, firstly, the project team should strengthen the training on local farmers and women in multiple ways; secondly, the project team should work out the farmer training subsidy plan. It is suggested to provide the subsidies according to 144 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan the standard of 50 yuan/day; secondly, the project team should strengthen the technical specification. The agricultural departments should work out detailed technical specifications for flooding irrigation, spreading lime, applying organic fertilizer, planting green manure, applying foliar fertilizer and increasing the amount of soil amendment and work out some code requirements for replanted crops. The subsidy standard is whether it reaches relevant requirements. At last, it is suggested to purchase the lime sprayer and provide technical training to relevant people. (4) Set up clear accountability systems to ease the management risk in treatment To ease the risk in management, firstly, clear duty specifications should be established. The duty specification should sort out the corresponding responsibilities of the leaders at the provincial level, the county level, the township level and the village level. The responsibilities should be assigned to the people. Secondly, a technical supervision team consisting of “Agricultural Department of Hunan Province +Yongding District Bureau of Agriculture+agricultural experts” should be established. The technical supervision team of each project county should have at least two working staff from the Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province and two agricultural experts. Meanwhile, put forward corresponding rules about the number of times and the time of inspection tours of the technical supervision team; thirdly, financial standards according to the requirements of the World Bank and the relevant provisions of the state should be established, including the financial control system, the accounting system and the auditing system. At last, strengthen relevant protective measures and maintain safety and convenience during the project construction. It is suggested that the project owner and the construction organization of the project take a full consideration of the objective requirement and habit for local residents’ production and life to arrange the project construction schedule and minimize the influence of road blocking and noises on local residents. (5) Strengthen publicity, training and public opinion guidance to ease the public opinion risk in treatment The control measures to the potential public opinion risk in the project area: firstly, the 145 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan data acquired by the project party through monitoring during the start and implementation stage of the project should be kept confidential; secondly, enhance publicity to promote the residents’ environmental awareness; at last, work out the engagement and consultation principles. The specific measures include: ①Publicize the food safety knowledge among all the residents to enable them to understand that taking necessary measures can effectively reduce the heavy metal contamination; ②Take relevant publicity measures to correctly lead the public opinion and prevent rumors from spreading incorrectly; ③ Pay attention to wording in all the stages of the project and try to avoid labeling. 5.4.3 Farmland heavy metal contamination risk management (1) Understand the farmland heavy metal contamination problem correctly Since the heavy metal contamination problems are sensitive, some local governments worry that the social stability and the reputation of local agricultural products will be affected and thus they don’t dare to vigorously publicize the heavy metal contamination restoration work, which restrains the restoration from developing in depth and breadth. Agricultural departments worry that the pilot work will reduce the grain-production area, impair the grain-production capacity and affect the central finance transfer payment of the grain production counties. Farmers worry that adjusting the planting variety will bring greater market risks and affect their incomes, so they don’t want to change their planting habits. All these increase the difficulty level of restoration organization and implementation. (2) Establish and improve relevant laws and regulations Soil pollution, atmospheric pollution and water pollution are the three major environmental pollution problems in the world. However, China doesn’t have specialized laws and regulations on the soil pollution prevention. The soil pollution prevention content can only be seen in the laws and regulations on environmental pollution prevention, agricultural environment protection and natural resources conservation etc. Therefore, the fundamental law on soil pollution prevention should be worked out to establish the basic principles and systems for soil pollution prevention and define the soil pollution investigation 146 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan and risk evaluation system, the soil environment function division and protection, utilization and planning systems, the soil condition monitoring, reporting and early warning systems, the soil pollution information disclosure and archives management systems, the soil pollution treatment and restoration systems, the soil pollution treatment funding system and the soil pollution legal liability system etc. (3) Strengthen the market tolerance Currently, the government is the organization and guidance subject in the farmland soil heavy metal contamination restoration work of the project counties in Hunan Province, but the implementation of specific measures needs the wide participation of the social force and each measure needs the corresponding subject to bear. In the current stage, the situation where professional service organizations actively participate in the treatment has not been formed, the mechanism in which the government purchases services and cultivates socialized service organizations has not been established and the professional organization is still being guided and cultivated. The work intensity of lime spreading and fertilization in most areas is great. The measures which have high technical requirements like comprehensive restoration still rely on the farmer’s own efforts. The participation of the socialized organization as the subject of treatment and restoration is not deep enough. If the adjustment of the crop plantation structure relies on scattered peasant households, it is risky and unpractical. The participation of the enterprises in agriculture industrialization and the social participation are obviously insufficient. (4) Carry out industrial transformation as well as establish and improve the agricultural product production place accountability systems Take the investigation and integrated control of the farmland heavy metal contamination of the project counties in Hunan Province as an opportunity to push forward the “four” transformations and upgrading. First is to cultivate and strengthen the leading enterprise as well as improve the level of standardization, intensification and commercialization of agricultural products; second is to accelerate land transfer and improve the scaled land management level; third is to develop cooperatives and improve the systematization of the 147 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan farmers; fourth is to create famous brands and improve the recognition and market competitiveness of the agricultural products. On a long view, from the height of developing circular economy and new energy, push forward the integration of biologic chains and energy chains in the restoration area to prevent the agricultural products with excess heavy metal from entering the market, thus reducing the market risk and the operation risk of the project. Transfer heavy metals through biomass and meanwhile gain high profits from the new-type industry chain. (5) Strengthen the control of pollution sources Strengthen the monitoring and management on the source of internal and external heavy metal pollutants. Firstly, strengthen the supervision on agricultural inputs such as seeds, germchit, fertilizer, pesticides and organic fertilizer etc., and prevent the heavy metal pollutants like cadmium from entering the soil of the agricultural product production place together with the agricultural inputs. Secondly, strengthen the monitoring and early warning of the farmland irrigation water and atmospheric sedimentation and effectively prevent the heavy metal pollutants like cadmium from entering the soil of the agricultural product production place together with the irrigation water and atmospheric sedimentation. Make sure the area of the heavy metal polluted arable land is not enlarged and the pollution level is not aggravated to guarantee the integrated control of the farmland heavy metal contamination is carried out in order. (6) Strengthen science and technology supports and technical services as well as reduce technical risks. Firstly, organize the heavy metal contamination prevention experts of the related scientific research institutions in and out of Hunan Province to establish an expert team which is responsible for the technical plan formulation, personnel training, technical guidance, database establishment, data processing software development as well as data analysis and evaluation etc. Based on the existing study, strengthen the technical standard construction, form the technical specification for zoning treatment, strengthen variety breeding of the rice with low cadmium content, deepen the research and development, assembling, integration and 148 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan pilot scale demonstration of farmland heavy metal contamination restoration technologies to provide technical supports to pollution treatment. Secondly, strengthen the technical guidance on farmland heavy metal contamination investigation and integrated control and provide services in the whole process. For the investigation and the integrated control of heavy metal contamination, make a good job of the pre-production information service, the agricultural material supply, the technical training, the after-production processing and the marketing service. In particular, strengthen the introduction, experiment and demonstration of key technologies, excellent varieties and new-type agricultural machinery, the quality and safety detection of agricultural products, the monitoring on the agricultural ecological environment and agricultural input application and other links to improve the service level in the whole agricultural production; strengthen technical guidance. Take “agricultural technician helping the whole village and uniting the peasant household” as the main form. In combination with demonstrations at selected units and technical consultation etc., provide technical guidance both in the village and in the peasant household, implement the agricultural technology service work and spread VIP and VIP+N technology to achieve the localization. Thirdly, establish professional service organizations. For the key technical link of zoning prevention in the heavy metal polluted agricultural product production place, provide uniform seeds, germchits, technical specifications and passivator etc. to guarantee the treatment quality. (7) Establish the risk evaluation archives management system The farmland heavy metal pollutant enters into the human body through the food chain and thus creates hazards. Through the analysis and evaluation with related parties, the detailed investigation and analysis is conducted on the heavy metal contamination in the farmland soil and the crops within Hunan Province. In the evaluation, the major health and safety risks are identified and the health and safety risk control measures are worked out. 149 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan Chapter 6 Analysis of Alternative Scheme 6.1 Alternative solution analysis ESIA has conducted comparative analysis of with and without project, mainly from the perspective of environmental profit and loss, and social economy. See table 4-1 for details. Table 6-1 Comparison and Selection of With and Without Project Category Plan for implementation of the project Plan without the project  The project construction meets the Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of Hunan Province.  Lower contents of heavy metals in agricultural products to safeguard the health of  Maintain environmental status, Main farmers and consumers. without environmental impacts caused Advantages  Facilitate sales of agricultural products, by project construction, liming, and and safeguard the vital interests of farmers. other agricultural activities.  Significant to ensure the safety of national agricultural products, maintain social stability, improve ecological environment, and promote sustainable development of regional agricultural economy. 150 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan  The dust from project construction, wastes after foundation excavation and backfilling, and  It harms people's health to eat the silt from mountain pond dredging, have agricultural products with heavy metal short-term bad impacts on environment, but exceeding standard for a long time, such impacts can be avoided and mitigated with and it may cause diseases of skin, the corresponding measures for environmental nervous system, kidney, and blood protection. Besides, they have few and system. temporary impacts during construction period.  Bring serious challenges to grain  Liming may cause changes in soil production safety, and seriously structure, physical and chemical properties, threaten the agricultural sustainable Main what's worse, improper liming may influence development. Disadvantages operator's health. But such impacts may be  It is hard to sell the grain polluted mitigated by determining the application by heavy metals, thus affecting amount of lime based on different texture and farmer's income. pH, selecting special agricultural lime,  With too many labors are out spreading lime by professionals or lime working, the poor always farming in a spreader and other measures. traditional way and found themselves  Farmers may not be used to the new in a poor circle, and lack of experience farming skills in a short time. on controlling the heavy metal  Planting structure has changed which may contaminate d land. affect their income Comprehensive Project construction scheme is better than zero scheme Analysis Farmland in Hunan Province has been polluted by heavy metal in different degrees, soil environment quality and its safety performance have been decreased, directly threatening the quality safety of agricultural products, and harming health of the masses. Although the without project proposal has no environmental impacts caused by agricultural activities, such as small civil construction and liming, the agricultural products of Hunan Province are still and will continue to be polluted by heavy metals. The agricultural products eaten by common people still have heavy metals in excess of the standards, harming their health. Sales of the agricultural products polluted by heavy metal are still affected, influencing the immediate 151 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan interests of farmers. Project construction scheme will bring certain environmental impacts, but such impacts can be avoided or mitigated by corresponding environmental protection measures. The impact on construction period is small and temporary, and implementation of the Project can improve food safety and people's living standard, and bring long-term social and environmental benefits. Therefore, project construction scheme is obviously better than zero scheme and project construction is quite necessary. 6.2 Comparison and selection of project area 6.2.1 Principles of project area selection 1. Principle of concentration Follow the principle of concentration, unified planning, reasonable layout and implementation of whole village (area), to obtain satisfactory scale benefits. Give appropriate priority to grain-producing areas. 2. Principle of clear and controllable pollution source Causes and pollutant sources of heavy metal contamination and other pollution in the farmland soil should be clear; types and degrees of pollution should be correct; the main pollution source should be controllable or cutoff. 3. Principle of regional representativeness The main farmland type of the project area should be paddy field, the main pollution type heavy metal contamination, and the main heavy metal contamination Cd pollution. 4. Principle of typicality The project area should be typical, and the project implementation should have large investment benefits, influences, and demonstration effects. 5. Principle of sustainability It’s necessary to conduct infrastructure construction and adopt comprehensive agricultural measures in the project area, so as to alleviate heavy metal contamination, control agricultural non-point source pollution, increase yield and efficiency, and realize sustainable agricultural, economic and social development in the project area. 152 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan 6. Principle of stability The local government should lay large emphasis on the project; the personnel allocation should be reasonable; the project units (farmers or enterprises) should be active. 6.2.2 Selection of project towns and townships Yongding District covers an area of 2,174 square kilometers, with 9 towns, 12 townships and 6 street offices referred to Table 6-2 for details. 153 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan Table 6-2 Selection of Project Towns and Townships Paddy field indexes Grain indexes Emphasis of town and Proportion Proportion Factors Current situation of village Name of towns in total in total Overproof Analysis on pollution If No. of pollution source governments, and townships Area farmland Rice farmland Rice sources selected pollution management and the public (hectare) area of the yield (t) area of the participation whole whole willingness district (%) district (%) The “three wastes” discharged by the industrial and mining Treat and close enterprises and sporadic gradually after 2008; mining points in their industrial and mining The government illegal mining of iron, enterprises were pays limited coal and nickel closed and forbidden attention to it, molybdenum in the to implement illegal and the public Chongwen 1 30.8 0.11% 623.2 0.43% Yes Cd history enter into the mining; treat the participation Office Lishui River and lead to historical pending willingness in pollution. Flood from waste slags, clean the the area is Lishui River during the water quality of general storm period and Lishui River and sewage irrigation of construct reservoir Lishui River during the for flood prevention. drought period lead to the soil pollution The government Nickel molybdenum pays limited Pollution of industrial mines have been attention to it, 2 Daping Town 461.33 1.63% 3974.13 2.71% Yes Cd and mining “three closed, and waste and the public wastes” slags are deposited in participation situ. willingness in 154 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan Paddy field indexes Grain indexes Emphasis of town and Proportion Proportion Factors Current situation of village Name of towns in total in total Overproof Analysis on pollution If No. of pollution source governments, and townships Area farmland Rice farmland Rice sources selected pollution management and the public (hectare) area of the yield (t) area of the participation whole whole willingness district (%) district (%) the area is general The government Sewage irrigation of pays limited The testing result of Lishui River and attention to it, Lishui River is clean, Dayongqiao alluvial deposits and the public 3 70 0.25% 658.57 0.45% Yes Cd and the flood control Office resulting from flooding participation and regulation is in the history cause the willingness in controllable pollution the area is general The government Sewage irrigation of The testing result of pays high Lishui River and Lishui River is clean, attention to it, Fengxianggang alluvial deposits 4 775.73 2.74% 5766.39 3.93% Yes Cd and the flood control and the public √ Township resulting from flooding and regulation is participation in the history cause the controllable willingness in pollution the area is high The government Tanmuxi state-owned pays limited Pollution of industrial coal mine and attention to it, and mining “three Guanliping Damijie iron mine and the public 5 287.13 1.01% 3376.94 2.30% Yes Cd wastes” and sewage Office have been closed, and participation irrigation of Lishui waste slags have been willingness in River in the history treated the area is general 155 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan Paddy field indexes Grain indexes Emphasis of town and Proportion Proportion Factors Current situation of village Name of towns in total in total Overproof Analysis on pollution If No. of pollution source governments, and townships Area farmland Rice farmland Rice sources selected pollution management and the public (hectare) area of the yield (t) area of the participation whole whole willingness district (%) district (%) The government There is no industrial pays limited and mining enterprise in attention to it, Countryside clean Hezuoqiao surrounding area, and and the public 6 742.2 2.62% 5382.83 3.67% Yes Cd project has already Township the input of agricultural participation been implemented products leads to the willingness in pollution the area is general The government Sewage irrigation of The testing result of pays high Lishui River and Lishui River is clean, attention to it, alluvial deposits 7 Houping Town 1085.8 3.83% 9897.95 6.75% Yes Cd and the flood control and the public √ resulting from flooding and regulation is participation in the history cause the controllable willingness in pollution the area is high The government There is no industrial pays limited and mining enterprise in attention to it, Countryside clean surrounding area, and and the public 8 Jiaoziya Town 1133.33 4.00% 10504.77 7.17% No project has already the input of agricultural participation been implemented products leads to the willingness in pollution the area is general Luoshui There is no industrial Countryside clean The government 9 526.67 1.86% 5018.53 3.42% Yes Cd Township and mining enterprise in project has already pays limited 156 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan Paddy field indexes Grain indexes Emphasis of town and Proportion Proportion Factors Current situation of village Name of towns in total in total Overproof Analysis on pollution If No. of pollution source governments, and townships Area farmland Rice farmland Rice sources selected pollution management and the public (hectare) area of the yield (t) area of the participation whole whole willingness district (%) district (%) surrounding area, and been implemented attention to it, the input of agricultural and the public products leads to the participation pollution willingness in the area is general Taiping Village is The government located in the southeast pays high of Qingyan Village, and Iron ore has been attention to it, Luotaping the waste water & slags closed, and waste 10 544.67 1.92% 5363.21 3.66% Yes Cd and the public √ Township and sewage irrigation slags have been participation resulting from industrial treated willingness in and mining enterprises the area is high lead to the pollution The government Sewage irrigation of pays limited The testing result of Lishui River and attention to it, Lishui River is clean, Nanzhuangping alluvial deposits and the public 11 141.67 0.50% 770.99 0.53% Yes Cd and the flood control Office resulting from flooding participation and regulation is in the history cause the willingness in controllable pollution the area is general The government Qiaotou No measures is taken 12 685.4 2.42% 5896.16 4.02% Yes pays limited Township temporarily attention to it, 157 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan Paddy field indexes Grain indexes Emphasis of town and Proportion Proportion Factors Current situation of village Name of towns in total in total Overproof Analysis on pollution If No. of pollution source governments, and townships Area farmland Rice farmland Rice sources selected pollution management and the public (hectare) area of the yield (t) area of the participation whole whole willingness district (%) district (%) and the public participation willingness in the area is general The government Tanmuxi state-owned pays limited coal mine and attention to it, Pollution of industrial Qing’anping Damijie iron mine and the public 13 409.93 1.45% 6182.39 4.22% Yes Cd and mining “three Township have been closed, and participation wastes” waste slags were willingness in deposited in situ the area is general The government pays limited Nickel molybdenum attention to it, Pollution of industrial mines have been Sancha and the public 14 437 1.54% 4483.61 3.06% Yes Cd and mining “three closed, and waste Township participation wastes” slags are deposited in willingness in situ. the area is general There is no industrial The government Counryside clean Sanjiaguan and mining enterprise in pays limited 15 720 2.54% 8891.8 6.07% Yes Cd project has already Township surrounding area, and attention to it, been implemented the input of agricultural and the public 158 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan Paddy field indexes Grain indexes Emphasis of town and Proportion Proportion Factors Current situation of village Name of towns in total in total Overproof Analysis on pollution If No. of pollution source governments, and townships Area farmland Rice farmland Rice sources selected pollution management and the public (hectare) area of the yield (t) area of the participation whole whole willingness district (%) district (%) products leads to the participation pollution willingness in the area is general The government There is no industrial pays limited and mining enterprise in attention to it, Countryside clean surrounding area, and and the public 16 Shadi Township 780.67 2.76% 3777.86 2.58% Yes Cd project has already the input of agricultural participation been implemented products leads to the willingness in pollution the area is general The government There is no industrial pays limited and mining enterprise in attention to it, Countryside clean Shuangxiqiao surrounding area, and and the public 17 376.93 1.33% 2953.53 2.02% Yes Cd project has already Township the input of agricultural participation been implemented products leads to the willingness in pollution the area is general Nickel molybdenum The government Pollution of industrial mines have been pays limited Siduping 18 699.87 2.47% 5097.56 3.48% Yes Cd and mining “three closed, and waste attention to it, Township wastes” slags are deposited in and the public situ. participation 159 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan Paddy field indexes Grain indexes Emphasis of town and Proportion Proportion Factors Current situation of village Name of towns in total in total Overproof Analysis on pollution If No. of pollution source governments, and townships Area farmland Rice farmland Rice sources selected pollution management and the public (hectare) area of the yield (t) area of the participation whole whole willingness district (%) district (%) willingness in the area is general The government There is no industrial pays limited and mining enterprise in attention to it, Countryside clean Wangjiaping surrounding area, and and the public 19 1179.27 4.16% 7856.07 5.36% Yes Cd project has already Town the input of agricultural participation been implemented products leads to the willingness in pollution the area is general The testing result of The government Sewage irrigation of Lishui River is clean, pays high Lishui River and sediment has been attention to it, alluvial deposits 20 Wentang Town 245 0.86% 3161.07 2.16% Yes Cd removed, and the and the public √ resulting from flooding flood control and participation in the history cause the regulation is willingness in pollution controllable the area is high Government has The government forbidden the pays high Pollution of industrial individual mining; attention to it, XixipingStreet 21 816.87 2.88% 7141.31 4.87% Yes Cd and mining “three part of waste slags and the public √ Office wastes” have been treated, the participation remaining slags will willingness in be continuously used the area is high 160 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan Paddy field indexes Grain indexes Emphasis of town and Proportion Proportion Factors Current situation of village Name of towns in total in total Overproof Analysis on pollution If No. of pollution source governments, and townships Area farmland Rice farmland Rice sources selected pollution management and the public (hectare) area of the yield (t) area of the participation whole whole willingness district (%) district (%) as the raw material for the cement plant, and the treatment will be properly implemented year by year The government pays limited attention to it, Xiejiaya the pollution source is No measures is taken and the public 22 711.67 2.51% 6661.85 4.55% Yes Cd Township not clear temporarily participation willingness in the area is general The government pays limited attention to it, the pollution source is No measures is taken and the public 23 Xinqiao Town 661.47 2.34% 6099.03 4.16% Yes Cd not clear temporarily participation willingness in the area is general Sewage irrigation of The testing result of The government Yanghuping 24 885.6 3.13% 6264.31 4.27% Yes Cd Lishui River and Lishui River is clean, pays high √ Town alluvial deposits and the flood control attention to it, 161 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan Paddy field indexes Grain indexes Emphasis of town and Proportion Proportion Factors Current situation of village Name of towns in total in total Overproof Analysis on pollution If No. of pollution source governments, and townships Area farmland Rice farmland Rice sources selected pollution management and the public (hectare) area of the yield (t) area of the participation whole whole willingness district (%) district (%) resulting from flooding and regulation is and the public in the history cause the controllable participation pollution willingness in the area is high The government pays limited attention to it, The pollution source is No measures is taken and the public 25 Yinjiaxi Town 1333.13 4.71% 12256.51 8.36% No not clear temporarily participation willingness in the area is general The government The testing result of Sewage irrigation of pays limited Lishui River is clean, Lishui River and attention to it, sediment has been Yongding alluvial deposits and the public 26 0.67 0.00% 0.29 0.000% Yes Cd removed, and the Office resulting from flooding participation flood control and in the history cause the willingness in regulation is pollution the area is controllable general There is no industrial The government and mining enterprise in pays limited Yuanguping The pollution source 27 1077.8 3.80%16964 8492.14 5.79% Yes Cd surrounding area, and attention to it, Town is uncontrollable the pollution source is and the public not clear participation 162 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding County with World Bank Loan Paddy field indexes Grain indexes Emphasis of town and Proportion Proportion Factors Current situation of village Name of towns in total in total Overproof Analysis on pollution If No. of pollution source governments, and townships Area farmland Rice farmland Rice sources selected pollution management and the public (hectare) area of the yield (t) area of the participation whole whole willingness district (%) district (%) willingness in the area is general The project areas are selected mainly by considering the pollution sources resulting from the industrial and mining enterprises, and the three major areas with clear pollution sources are as follows: industrial and mining area in the northwest, mainly including the Qinganping Town and Luotaping Township; sewage irrigation area along the line of Lishui River, mainly involving the Wentang Town, Houping Town, Fengxianggang Township, Dayongqiao office, Nanzhuangping office, Guanliping office, Chongwen office and Yanghuping Town; the industrial and mining area in Tianmen mountain, mainly involving the Xixiping office, Sancha Town, Daping Town and Siduping Town. Select the three major areas, and set the selection evaluation index according to the selection principle of project areas. These evaluation indexes include the farmland area, grain output, pollution status of the cultivated land, pollution source and path, and current management status of pollution source. Through the evaluation and selection, finally select the following towns completely meeting the condition as the project towns: Fengxianggang Township, Houping Town, Luotaping Township, Wentang town, Xixiping sub-district office and Yanghuping Town. 163 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 6.3 Selection and distribution of project area In accordance with the project feasibility study report, in view of the investment limit and taking account of the positivity of participators, select the polluted cultivation land from the representative Villages from the project towns after field investigation of the project towns according to the diversity of factors such as the PH value, pollution type and degree, organic content, etc, and implement demonstration and exploration of comprehensive management of the polluted cultivation land in the whole district. Analysis of project area selection: see Table 6-3. 164 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Table 6-3 Analysis of Project Site Selection Name and analysis of project areas Main factors to be considered Luotaping Township Wentang Town project Houping Town project Fengxianggang Yanghuping Town Xixiping project area project area area area Township project area project area Qingyutan Village, Select project Wuxi Village, Bajiahe, Fengxianggang, Wujiaju Village、 Taiping Village Wentang Village Zhuangjiayu villages Guangyanju Darongxi, Dingjiarong Yangchi Village Village Area, hectare 51 125.1 331.8 399.13 86.6 144.70 Concentrated Regional 36 108.6 272.08 222.50 53.2 123.01 area, hectare representativeness Type of main Paddy field Paddy field Paddy field Paddy field Paddy field Paddy field farmland If it is a main Grain yield per mu: 405 Grain yield per mu:604 Grain yield per mu:1627 Grain yield per mu:1008 Grain yield per mu:432 Grain yield per mu:621 grain-producing tons/year tons/year tons/year tons/year tons/year tons/year area Clear: Pollution of Clear: Pollution of Clear: Pollution of Clear: Pollution of Lishui River in the Lishui River in the Lishui River in the Lishui River in the Clear: waste slags, Clear: waste slags, history, flood from history, flood from history, flood from history, flood from If cause of mineral waste residues mineral waste residues Lishui River during the Lishui River during the Lishui River during the Lishui River during the heavy metal and waste water and waste water storm period and storm period and storm period and storm period and contamination resulting from nickel resulting from iron sewage irrigation of sewage irrigation of sewage irrigation of sewage irrigation of is clear molybdenum mining mining pollute the soil Lishui River during the Lishui River during the Lishui River during the Lishui River during the pollute the soil drought period lead to drought period lead to drought period lead to drought period lead to Clear and the soil pollution the soil pollution the soil pollution the soil pollution controllable Industrial and mining Industrial and mining Industrial and mining Government has Industrial and mining pollution source If main enterprises were closed enterprises were closed enterprises were closed forbidden the mining of enterprises were closed pollution Iron mine has been and forbidden to and forbidden to and forbidden to nickel molybdenum; and forbidden to source is closed in 1960, waste implement illegal implement illegal implement illegal treatment of waste slags implement illegal controllable or slags have been treated mining; treat the mining; treat the mining; treat the has been listed into the mining; treat the causes new and the pollution source historical pending waste historical pending waste historical pending waste heavy metal prevention historical pending waste pollution to was controllable slags, clean the water slags, clean the water slags, clean the water and treatment planning slags, clean the water downstream quality of Lishui River quality of Lishui River quality of Lishui River of the “12th Five Year quality of Lishui River farmland and construct reservoir and construct reservoir and construct reservoir Plan; part of waste slags and construct reservoir 165 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Name and analysis of project areas Main factors to be considered Luotaping Township Wentang Town project Houping Town project Fengxianggang Yanghuping Town Xixiping project area project area area area Township project area project area for flood prevention. for flood prevention. for flood prevention. have been treated, the for flood prevention. The pollution source The pollution source The pollution source remaining slags will be The pollution source was controllable was controllable was controllable continuously used as the was controllable raw material for the cement plant, and the treatment will be properly implemented year by year In case of tailings pond, if No No No No No No there is leakage Yanghuxi Reservoir and Shuangfengyan Dayuwan Reservoir and Tudiyu Reservoir and Water quality Yaowan Reservoir as Zhangjiaxi Reservoir as Gongjiayu Reservoir as Reservoir as irrigation mountain spring as mountain spring as conditions of irrigation water. Water irrigation water. Water irrigation water. water. Water quality of irrigation water. Water irrigation water. Water irrigation water quality of irrigation quality of irrigation Water quality of irrigation water reaches quality of irrigation quality of irrigation (including water reaches standards; water reaches standards; irrigation water reaches standards; water reaches standards; water reaches standards; upstream Upstream sediment of Upstream sediment of standards; Upstream sediment of irrigation water reaches Upstream sediment of Upstream sediment of irrigation water reaches sediment) irrigation water reaches irrigation water reaches irrigation water reaches Upstream sediment of standards. standards. irrigation water reaches standards. standards. standards. standards. Scope of pH 5.36-5.67 5.22-5.62 5.49-6.49 5.07-6.92 5.8-7.6 5.94-7.1 value Contents of Type of heavy main heavy metal Cd pollution: metal Cd pollution: 0.15~1.26 Cd pollution: 0.20~0.48 Cd pollution: 0.32-1.13 Cd pollution: 0.27-0.55 Cd pollution: 0.35-0.63 contamination 0.375-0.553 contamination factors (mg/kg) Excessive Cd Excessive Cd Excessive Cd Excessive Cd Excessive Cd Excessive Cd Content of content:0.43-0.67mg/kg; content:0.29-0.32mg/kg; content:0.35-0.43mg/kg; content:0.29-0.42mg/kg; content:0.32-0.32mg/kg; content:0.29-0.38mg/kg; 166 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Name and analysis of project areas Main factors to be considered Luotaping Township Wentang Town project Houping Town project Fengxianggang Yanghuping Town Xixiping project area project area area area Township project area project area heavy metal in contents of Pb, As, Cr contents of Pb, As, Cr contents of Pb, As, Cr contents of Pb, As, Cr contents of Pb, As, Cr contents of Pb, As, Cr and Hg do not exceed and Hg do not exceed and Hg do not exceed and Hg do not exceed and Hg do not exceed and Hg do not exceed rice (mg/kg) the standard values. the standard values. the standard values. the standard values. the standard values. the standard values. If it is included in related local No No No No No No planning If local soil heavy metal contamination No No No No No No Emphasis and treatment is participation conducted willingness If farmers or agricultural cooperatives Very active Very active Very active Very active Very active Very active are active to participate in the project Rate of no infrastructure 60% 30% 22% 12% 31% 55% and mismatching Infrastructure and Total investment construction amount of all investment 845 690 1600 1020 460 1050 project areas ( RMB 10,000 yuan) Investment per 14.08 8.21 7.07 7.28 7.6 11.6 hectare (RMB 167 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Name and analysis of project areas Main factors to be considered Luotaping Township Wentang Town project Houping Town project Fengxianggang Yanghuping Town Xixiping project area project area area area Township project area project area 10,000 yuan) Infrastructure and It is included in construction Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes the project area investment 168 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Chapter 7 Analysis of social impact 7.1 Analysis of social impact The Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Hunan Province with World Bank Loan involves 16 counties (cities) and has wide social impacts. Each implementation link is connected closely and all linked with one another. The smooth implementation of the project is largely determined by the participation willingness and attitude of the project implementation subject (peasant household). To serve the optimization design of the whole project and its effective implementation, Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province entrusts Hunan Normal University’ Sociology Research Institute to work out the social impact assessment report. According to the safeguard policies of the World Bank, the social impact assessment and analysis should be conducted in combination with social assessment. 7.1.1 Positive impact Within a short period of time, the project is expected to bring the following positive impact: 1. Launching project propaganda to enhance stakeholders’ awareness of producing safe products. The investigation and research discover the following problem: Stakeholders in the slightly polluted area are not fully aware of causes of heavy metal pollution in the farmland and possible negative effect. The project propaganda and training are organized to improve the stakeholder’s awareness of governance urgency. 2. Organizing project training to improve farmer’s skills of producing safe products. The investigation and research discover the following problem: Heavy metal pollution of agricultural products is associated with the farmer’s agricultural skills. The agricultural skills and technologies are optimized to reduce heavy metal pollution against the agricultural products. Therefore, the project aims to organize training program for the farmers and thus upgrade the safe product production skills. 169 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 3. Encouraging the public to participate in the project and reaching a common consensus in the governance of heavy metal pollution of farmland. The investigation and research discover the following problem: The stakeholders have certain disputes over the governance necessity and methods. The project encourages the public to participate in the project and reach common consensus in the governance of heavy metal pollution of farmland. 4. Improving the infrastructure construction to create favorable conditions for agricultural production. The investigation and research discover the following problem: The farmers are eager to improve the backward infrastructure facilities such as irrigation facilities. Every time social evaluation team reaches a project village, the local residents reflect poor infrastructure facilities, especially road and water; the rural infrastructure facilities in the project area suffer from inadequate input and lack effective investment and management which seriously hinder the agricultural production and sustainable development in rural area. The project aims to implement clean water irrigation, channel modification and machinery farming road maintenance projects and create favorable conditions for agricultural production. 5. Executing environmental management and agricultural environment surveillance to provide technical support for agricultural product quality management. The investigation and research discover the following problem: Agricultural products and soil surveillance facilities are inadequate in the project area; therefore, the governmental department and farmers are not fully aware of the degree of heavy metal polluted agricultural products. The project aims to execute environmental management and agricultural environmental surveillance so as to provide technical support for the quality management of agricultural products. 6. Establishing rural cooperative to improve farmer’s risk resistance capability and product competitiveness. The long-term backward and poverty-stricken status of the project area renders numerous farmers constantly know about the situation: Distributed pattern will make them live by sales of elementary agricultural products; the products 170 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan suffer from low added value, low production efficiency and market connection difficulty. The farmers have to sell agricultural products through local or non-local buyers; the products ultimately reach the companies; the farmers can only get the price of elementary agricultural products; the added value of products is produced after deep processing. Therefore, the farmers become aware of and are eager to cooperate with rural cooperative and large households, enhance the market competitiveness, and lengthen the industrial chain so as to increase the product price. The project aims to establish rural cooperative and thus improve the risk resistance capability and product competitiveness. 7. Generating considerable economic benefits. The investigation and research discover the following problem: The heavy metal pollution governance of farmland has affected the agricultural production and farmer’s income to a certain degree. The project governance measures can yield considerable economic benefits mainly in the following four aspects: (1) Raise the sales price of agricultural products. The project adopts related measurers to produce eligible agricultural products and thus raise the price of agricultural products. For instance, some slightly polluted areas in Yongding have made test of VIP governance measures; Cadmium content in the paddy and grain is controlled effectively and paddy and grain price can be increased from RMB 250 Yuan/kg to RMB 320 Yuan/kg. (2) Reduce the cost of agricultural production. The rural cooperative organization is supported and cultivated to reduce agricultural capital cost by about 30%. (3) Improve the land use efficiency. The land use efficiency is rather high in the rural cooperative. The rural cooperative is established to improve the land use efficiency. (4) Upgrade the added value of agricultural products. The project team cultivates the rural cooperative and establishes surveillance facilities, provides organization and technical support for the agricultural industrialized development and brings benefits to upgrade the added value of agricultural products. 8. The project yields obvious social benefits. The investigation and research discover the following problem: Numerous people go to non-local areas for working; the poverty-stricken households focus on the traditional agricultural business and planting 171 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan model and are plunged into the poverty circulation; the heavy metal pollution governance of farmland lacks related experience. The project is able to effectively settle the said problems; produce obvious social benefits, mainly in the following aspects: 1) Bring benefits to the backflow of migrant workers. The project creates employment opportunities and working posts for migrant workers; in particular, it creates more employment opportunities for women. The investigation discovers: above 70% of total labor in the rural cooperative is women. 2) Bring benefits to poverty relief and wealth accumulation. The poverty-stricken households are mainly restricted to the information, technology and fund which lead to poverty circulation. The project team offers support to the poverty-stricken households in the respect of information, technology and fund and brings benefits to poverty relief. 3) Bring benefits to the formation of farmland pollution governance model. Currently, the farmland pollution governance lacks related experience and model. The project is able to explore into effective and practical technical and management model in the project area and produce a demonstration effect for the heavy metal pollution governance in other areas. 7.1.2 Negative impact (1) In the project execution, it is expected to shift the agricultural production structure; some land may change the planting model which will affect the income of some farmers for a short period of time. (2) In the project construction, the dust, noise, rubbish and sludge’s temporary stacking will have interim negative impact on the cleanliness and tidiness of project area and have a temporary and negative impact on the daily life and production of local residents in the project area. 7.1.3 Brief summary of social impacts In general, the Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land has positive impacts on the society. It can improve the soil in the project area, increase the yield of the agricultural products, improve the infrastructure condition and the ecological environment of the project area, fuel the social and economic development in the project 172 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan area and improve the quality of the farmers and the comprehensive service level of agriculture. In addition, it is beneficial to the agricultural technology transfer and can improve the awareness to the agricultural heavy metal pollution prevention. The main negative social impacts are the transfer of the agricultural production structure that may happen, the requisition of some lands and the interest demands. The negative social impacts can almost be removed if reasonable and legal land requisition and proper compensation are realized. 7.2 Analysis of social risks 7.2.1 Involuntary resettlement In the existing project area: Prohibited planting variety is not formulated. 1st batch of three counties has a total governance area of 2,299.2 hectares, including 2,100.93 hectares of slight pollution (1＜Pi≤3) which takes up 91.38% of total governance area; 149.27 hectares of moderate pollution (3＜Pi≤5) which take up 6.49% of total governance area; 49 hectares of severe pollution (Pi>5) which take up 2.13% of total governance area. In the farmland governance, “VIP” and organic fertilizer or green manure (F) is adopted with a total area of 2,250.2 hectares; the modified project has a total area of 49 hectares, including 15 hectares of sorghum, 21 hectares of flowers and seedling trees and 13 hectares of orange candy. The project activities do not require land requisition; all the civil works are organized in the village; the villagers adopt the built facilities. The modified land is uncertain in the specific households before evaluation of project. The following measures are mainly adopted in the project area: land repair; in some moderately or severely polluted areas, the planting model is changed; therefore, the prohibited planting variety does not exist in the project area. In the modified planting of sorghum and orange candy, the fruit farmers may not have as much income as that before project intervention. Secondly, land requisition is not involved. The project measures include two aspects: (1) Modifying the irrigation channel or water ditch. The original water channel is consolidated and repaired. (2) Newly built machinery or electric irrigation station, maintaining needed land within the 173 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan project village and refusing to change the property of collective property. The project is not involved in the land requisition and demolition; however, it may be involved in a small amount of reduced income in the modified planting farmers for a short period of time. Since it is difficult to confirm the affected farmers in this stage and rest 13 project villages are not confirmed, resettlement policy framework is prepared for the candidate subitem according to OP 4.12 policies of the World Bank in order to instruct possible involuntary resettlement, including reasonable subsidy standard and methods for reduced income of farmers for a short period of time. 7.2.2Living risks of farmers Changes in the farmland products will bring about certain risks. In the project execution, the farmland product changes include three types: reserve the original planting habits; change planting variety of farmland; adjust the farming system. The original planting habits are reserved and land is repaired-They will bring about four types of social risks: 1) Reducing net benefits. Since the existing land repair work requires for more cost of raw materials, labor, water and electricity, the net benefits will be reduced if cost can not be reflected in the price or compensated in a reasonable manner; ultimately, the local residents will resist against the repair work. 2) Market sales risks. If low-cadmium accumulative products are planted, the original sales channel and methods will be changed. Therefore, the new products may encounter the risks of new sales channel and methods. 3) Poor food quality risk. In the governance, the ineligible grain can not enter into the food chain-instead, it can be only adopted as biological raw materials. The price of grain as industrial raw materials is lower than the normal grain by 1/3. 4) Reduction risk of production volume. The drowning water irrigation measures and low-cadmium products will increase the paddy disease risks and reduce the production volume. The farmland change will bring about two types of social risks: 1) The subsidy standard is lower than the expected subsidy of farmers. If the subsidy standard is lower than the farmer’s expected standard and fails to reach the level to remain farmer’s benefits unchanged, the farmer’s economic income will be affected. 2) Market sales risks. Change 174 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan into fruit trees, vegetables and cottons require for new sales channel. The procurement system of governmental protective price is not formulated for fruit trees and vegetables; lack of governmental support system will increase the farmer’s income risks. The adjustment to farming system will reduce the net benefits. Change in the planting model may increase labor; the net benefits will be reduced if input can not be supported in a reasonable manner. Table 7-1 Potential social risks of change in agricultural technologies Change in agricultural technology Potential social risks Maintain existing planting habits: Select and 1. Reduce net profits plant low-cadmium accumulative products 2. Market sales risk based on the existing types (V), irrigate 3. Poor quality risk of agricultural products with clean water (I), spray lime (P), adopt 4. Reduce production volume leaf inhibitor and control agent (Si) and spray soil adjustment agent (bacteria). Change farmland planting system: Change 1. The subsidy standard is lower than the farmer’s expected to plant cotton, vegetable and fruit tree subsidy (grapefruit) 2. Market sales risk Adjust farming system (planting model): 1. Reduce net benefits Change to plant double-season rice in the “rice- rice-green fertilizer” model, change to plant one-season rice in the “rice-bean” model and change to plant one-season paddy in the “rice-rape” model 7.2.3Risks of public opinions The project area suffers from rather complex environmental pollution; apart from heavy metal pollution in the soil, some areas suffer from the industrial wastewater, waste gas and rural living pollution which will damage the health and daily life of local residents. The project is expected to lead to four types of public opinion risks: 1) Risk of ambiguous reason. In the investigation, the local residents reflect that pollution leads to agricultural failure and poor living water. They are caused by pollution in numerous aspects; farmland soil pollution governance is executed without other pollution governance which may mislead local residents to heavy metal pollution; they may claim for compensation. 2) Risk of exaggerating heavy metal pollution. The heavy metal pollution governance of farmland led by the governmental department may mislead local residents to heavy metal pollution to all the agricultural products in the project area. Improper settlement may lead to cluster event. 3) Risk of local residents’ environmental protection awareness. The stakeholders 175 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan have deviation in their role in the environmental pollution and protection; they do not think they should bear responsibilities for surrounding environmental pollution and do not deem them as one of the environmental governance bodies. Therefore, they require the government or certain organization to bear the soil improvement responsibilities; they mainly play the role of executor. 7.3 Control of social risks In order to successfully implement the project of safety and quality promotion in agricultural product place, the following supporting policies must be taken: (1) Formulating social management framework and resettlement policy framework to mitigate the possible risks of involuntary resettlement. Project implementation shall be basically done in the project village, and the collective-owned nature of land or facilities built by the project village shall not be change. However, the project probably has uncertain impacts on farmers’ livelihood and short-term income; consequently, the resettlement policy framework needs to be formulated. (2) Work out the basic compensation package and cultivate agricultural cooperatives to ease the economic risk in the farmland pollution treatment The basic compensation package shall be planned through negotiation among local agricultural departments and residents and can be properly adjusted according to actual conditions. According to technical methods, the subsidy schemes include two types: the remediation technology of taking VIP as the basis is as the first subsidy scheme. Said scheme aims at the recognized risk and said subsidy is divided into cost subsidy and risk subsidy: cost subsidy is mainly used for compensating the increased cost; risk subsidy is mainly used for compensating possible benefit loss such as benefit loss caused by the product without reaching the standard. The other subsidy is replanting subsidy. The replanting subsidy is divided into two types: (1) productive subsidy for compensating cost caused by replanting; (2) benefit loss subsidy for compensating reduced income caused by replanting. For the replanted project with large investment, when flower plants and nursery 176 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan stocks are replanted, the local residents are encouraged to explore the financial mode of mutual protection among “farmers + cadre guarantee” and “company + base + credit cooperative + farmer”. The farmer professional cooperative shall be cultivated for the project without the farmer professional cooperative, and the management ability shall be promoted for the project with the farmer professional cooperative by training. (3) Strengthen technical training and specifications to ease the technical risk in treatment To ease the technical risk in treatment, firstly, the project team should strengthen the training on local farmers and women in multiple ways; secondly, the project team should work out the farmer training subsidy plan. It is suggested to provide the subsidies according to the standard of 50 yuan/day; secondly, the project team should strengthen the technical specification. The agricultural departments should work out detailed technical specifications for flooding irrigation, spreading lime, applying organic fertilizer, planting green manure, applying foliar fertilizer and increasing the amount of soil amendment and work out some code requirements for replanted crops. The subsidy standard is whether it reaches relevant requirements. At last, it is suggested to purchase the lime sprayer and provide technical training to relevant people. (4) Set up clear accountability systems to ease the management risk in treatment. To ease the risk in management, firstly, clear duty specifications should be established. The duty specification should sort out the corresponding responsibilities of the leaders at the provincial level, the county level, the township level and the village level. The responsibilities should be assigned to the people. Secondly, a technical supervision team consisting of “Provincial Agricultural Department + Bureau of Agriculture + agricultural experts” should be established. The technical supervision team of each project county should have at least two working staff from the Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province and two agricultural experts. Meanwhile, put forward corresponding rules about the number of times and the time of inspection tours of the technical supervision team. At last, strengthen relevant protective measures and maintain safety and convenience during 177 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan the project construction. It is suggested that the project owner and the construction organization of the project take a full consideration of the objective requirement and habit for local residents’ production and life to arrange the project construction schedule and minimize the influence of road blocking and noises on local residents. (5) Strengthen publicity, training and public opinion guidance to ease the public opinion risk in treatment The control measures to the potential public opinion risk in the project area: firstly, the data acquired by the project party through monitoring during the start and implementation stage of the project should be kept confidential; secondly, enhance publicity to promote the residents’ environmental awareness; at last, work out the engagement and consultation principles. The specific measures include: ①Publicize the food safety knowledge among all the residents to enable them to understand that taking necessary measures can effectively reduce the heavy metal pollution; ②Take relevant publicity measures to correctly lead the public opinion and prevent rumors from spreading incorrectly; ③Pay attention to wording in all the stages of the project and try to avoid labeling. The following social action plans are recommended to be developed for the above conclusions and measures: firstly, a farmland management institution shall be established to ensure that farmers achieve deep participation and wide negotiation during project implementation; secondly, a compensation scheme shall be formulated to ensure economic benefit of farmers, avoid or maximally retard negative impact on farmers in the control process of the polluted farmland; thirdly, strategies for action shall be formulated and cost estimation work shall be well done; fourthly, a project complaint mechanism shall be established to facilitate extensive participation of residents. 178 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Chapter 8 Process of Public Participation 8.1 Public participation of environmental impact assessment 8.1.1 Purpose of public participation and identification of stakeholders 8.1.1.1 Purpose of public participation Public participation and information disclosure form a two-way communication between project owner and the public through environmental impact assessment work. They are an important constituent part of environmental impact assessment of the construction project and they are crucial for improvement of decision-making. The purposes of public participation and information disclosure include: Release project related information to project region and people paying attention to construction of this project; enable the public to get to know the main conditions, construction and operation characteristics of the project as well as major environmental problems related to the project; help assessment personnel find the problems and confirm that all major environmental problems resulting from the project are already analyzed and evaluated in environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA); confirm feasibility of environmental protection measures as well as carry out and implement optimized measure schemes. Public consulting has emphasized on the importance of connection and communication between parties involved in the project and the public. It can directly reflect the public opinions and enable the decision-making department to timely spot potential problems and timely modify and perfect design scheme so as to fundamentally solve the problems complained by the public, gradually make project planning, design, environmental monitoring and management more complete and reasonable and strive to obtain optimized unification in terms of environmental benefits, social benefits and economic benefits. 8.1.1.2 Identification of stakeholders According to assistance objectives of World Bank, all directly or indirectly benefited 179 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan or damaged individuals and organizations within the project affected regions are all stakeholders of the project. According to feasibility study report, farmland pollution in project areas is administered by adopting measures such as agricultural improvement, land remediation and supporting of rural cooperative. The main stakeholders involved mainly include three types: (1) Farmer households in project areas: Farmer households in project areas are the directly benefited or damaged subjects in the project. Farmland heavy metal contamination administration will have an influence on land use and agricultural measures. (2) Agricultural cooperatives: Agricultural cooperatives in project areas are also directly benefited or damaged subjects in the project. Farmland heavy metal contamination administration will have an influence on their management and cultivation model to different extents. (3) Relevant departments of the government: Farmland pollution administration involves relevant departments such as agricultural department, environmental protection department and water conservancy department. In this part, appeals and expectations of farmer households, agricultural cooperatives and relevant departments of the government in project areas for the project are intensively analyzed. 8.1.2 Negotiation methods and contents According to the requirements of Law of the People’s Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment, Interim Measures for Public Participation of Environmental Impact Assessment issued by Ministry of Environmental Protection of the state as well as business policy of the World Bank (OP4.01), we carry out two rounds of public negotiation and information disclosure during the process of assessment. The first round is carried out after screening and selection of environmental problems and before final determination of environmental impact assessment outline, while the second round is carried out in the stage when the first draft of environmental and social impact assessment is completed. Besides, public participation and information disclosure will also be 180 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan continuously carried out during project implementation. 8.1.2.1 Negotiation methods Methods for public participation negotiation mainly include: (1) Convening of symposiums in project areas; (2) Visit some people in project areas; (3) Carry out public opinion census in form of questionnaire survey; (4) NGO: Forms including convening of symposium or telephone interview are adopted. 8.1.2.2 Negotiation contents Contents of symposiums and interviews with the masses: In a symposium, construction conditions of this project as well as main contents involving environmental protection are mainly introduced to participants and participants’ ideas and suggestions on project construction and environmental protection are heard. 8.1.3 Public participation investigation 8.1.3.1 First round of public investigation activities Table 8-1 First round of public investigation activities Time Form Place Negotiation object Content Relevant competent departments of Get to know basic conditions of local industrial and government of mining enterprises involving heavy metal, get to Yongding District in Agricultural know water quality of local irrigation water Septem charge of Symp Bureau of source-Lishui River, get to know status quo of safety ber environmental osium Yongding of local agricultural products, local farm manure and 2015 protection, water District chemical fertilizer application status and listen to the conservancy, animal opinions of relevant competent departments of the husbandry, security government on the project. and quality supervision Novem Symp Agricultural Competent Get to know the status quo of local agriculture, 181 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Time Form Place Negotiation object Content ber osium Bureau of agricultural consult with the local conditions of the project. and 2015 Yongding department of listen to the opinions of competent agricultural District Yongding District department on the project. Postin Novem g of Project Posting of project announcement in bulletin board of ber annou Local residents district government 2015 nceme nt On-the-spot photos of the first round of public investigation activities: b. Symposium of Agricultural Bureau of Yongding a. Symposium of relevant competent departments of District Yongding District Government c. Posting of project announcement in bulletin board of government 8.1.3.2 Second round of public investigation activities Table 8-2 Second round of public investigation activities Negotiation Time Form Place Content object 182 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Negotiation Time Form Place Content object Zhuangjiayu Village, Get to know the status quo of local January Xixiping Local Symposium agriculture and consult with the local 2016 Town, residents conditions of the project. Yongding District Taiping Village, Get to know the status quo of local January Luotaping Local Symposium agriculture and consult with the local 2016 Township, residents conditions of the project. Yongding District Wentang Village, Get to know the status quo of local Maoyanhe agriculture and consult with the local Town, January Local conditions of the project. Local residents Symposium Yongding 2016 residents show that they have previous related District （ used experience and show high positivity to the to be called project implementation. Wentang Town） Bajiahe Village, Get to know the status quo of local January Houping Local Symposium agriculture and consult with the local 2016 Town, residents conditions of the project. Yongding District Fengxianggang Township, Get to know the status quo of local January Fengxianggang Local Symposium agriculture and consult with the local 2016 Village, residents conditions of the project. Yongding District Wujiazui Village, Get to know the status quo of local January Yanghuping Local Symposium agriculture and consult with the local 2016 Town, residents conditions of the project. Yongding District Carry out site survey to get to know the status quo of local agriculture and get to January Project Local Interview know planting structure, irrigation facilities 2016 district residents and application conditions of agriculture fertilizers and pesticide. January Posting Project Local Posting of project announcement in 2016 announcement district residents bulletin board of government January Project Local Give out questionnaires to investigate the Questionnaires 2016 district residents opinions of local residents on the project. On-the-spot photos of the second round of public investigation activities: 183 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan a. Symposium of Zhuangjiayu Village, Xixiping Town, b. Symposium of Maoyanhe Town, Yongding District Yongding District （used to be called Wentang Town）Wentang Village, Yongding District c. Symposium of Luotaping Township, Taiping Village, d Symposium of Bajiahe Village, Houping Town, Yongding District Yongding District e. Posting of project announcement in Village f. Posting of project announcement in Village Committee bulletin board of Bajiahe Village, Houping Committee bulletin board of Fengxianggang Village, Town, Yongding District Fengxianggang Township, , Yongding District 184 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan h. Posting of project announcement in Village g. Posting of project announcement in Village Committee bulletin board of Yangchi Village, Committee bulletin board of Fengxianggang Township, Yanghuping Town, Yongding District Qingyutan Village, Yongding District i. Posting of project announcement in Village j. Posting of project announcement in Village Committee bulletin board of Wentang Village, Committee bulletin board of Luotaping Township, Maoyanhe Town, Yongding District（used to be called Taiping Village, Yongding District Wentang Town） k. Farmland irrigation channel of Bajiahe Village, l. Farmland of Wuxi Village, Houping Town, Yongding Houping Town, Yongding District District 185 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan n. Farmland of Luotaping Township, Taiping Village, m. Farmland of Wentang Village, Maoyanhe Town, Yongding District Yongding District（used to be called Wentang Town） o. Farmland of Bajiahe Village, Houping Town p. Farmland of Fengxianggang Village, Fengxianggang Yongding District Township, Yongding District q. Farmland irrigation channel of Wentang Village, Maoyanhe Town, Yongding District（used to be called Wentang Town） 8.1.3.3 Public participation questionnaire In order to listen to the ideas and suggestions of people affected by the project on 186 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan project construction and environmental protection, questionnaires are given out to relevant personnel in project areas including major agricultural planting households, individual planting households, village cadres, other farmers and enterprise employees. Applicable questionnaire shall be designed according to project characteristics. There are 50 questionnaires in total. The statistics of basic information of the respondents are shown in Table 8-3. The results of questionnaire survey are shown in Table 8-4. The statistical data in the statistical table of basic information of respondents indicates that the ratio of female respondents takes up 24% and the ratio of respondents aged 41-60 takes up 62%, thus relatively favorably representing the basic features of affected people. The questionnaires filled out by these personnel can basically reflect the actual conditions and ideas of these groups. Statistics of each question raised in the questionnaire are gathered and relevant analysis is conducted. See Table 8-4 for details. Table 8-3 Statistical table of basic information of respondents involved in public opinion questionnaire of environmental impact assessment Sex Age Education Above Senior Junior Primar Fem Above Male 18~40 41~60 junior high high y ale 60 college school school school Number of 38 12 8 31 11 1 3 26 20 persons (person) Ratio (%) 76 24 16 62 22 2 6 52 40 Table 8-4 List of statistical results and analysis of public opinion questionnaire of environmental impact assessment No. of Ratio No. Investigation content Option Analysis and conclusion persons % Yes 27 54 7% of respondents do not Do you understand this Heard of before 20 40 understand project conditions, 1 project? indicating that the publicity efforts No idea 3 6 of the project shall be reinforced. Bulletin board 25 50 50% of respondents get to know How do you get to know TV/newspaper/network 5 10 the project from the bulletin board, 2 information of this Local residents 12 24 indicating that the announcement project? of the project has already become Other approaches 8 16 effective. What attitude do you Approve 50 100 No one disagrees on project 3 adopt towards this Disapprove 0 0 construction. project? No idea 0 0 What’s your opinion on Reasonable 50 100 No one thinks that the project site 4 site selection of the Unreasonable 0 0 selection is unreasonable. project? No idea 0 0 5 What kind of influence of Promoting effect 50 100 No one thinks that project 187 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan No. of Ratio No. Investigation content Option Analysis and conclusion persons % project construction will Obstructing effect 0 0 construction will obstruct be imposed on local No influence 0 0 development of local economy. economic development in No idea 0 0 your opinion? Which aspect of project Water environment 22 44 About half number of respondents construction will be under Atmospheric environment 2 4 thinks that the project has the 6 most influence of project Ecological environment 8 16 biggest influence on water construction in your Others 18 36 environment. opinion? Reduction of agricultural 38 76 soil pollution What are the main Improvement of Most respondents think that environmental benefits of farm-oriented irrigation 6 12 reduction of pollution is the major 7 this project in your quality environmental benefit of this opinion? Improvement of quality project. and safety of agricultural 6 12 products What is the biggest Improvement of income 3 6 influence on the interests Environmental 42 84 Most respondents think that the of yourself and local improvement 8 implementation of the project will residents after improve local environment. construction of this Food safety 5 10 project Satisfied 33 66 42% of respondents are dissatisfied Are you satisfied with with current local environmental Dissatisfied 17 34 9 status quo of local quality, indicating relatively environmental quality? No idea 10 20 serious environmental problems in project implementation area. Water pollution 30 60 50% of respondents think that the What is the major local Atmospheric pollution 4 8 local water pollution is the major 10 environmental problem in Noise 1 2 problem, while the construction of your opinion? this project will improve local Ecological destruction 15 30 water environment. Heavy metal Most respondents think that heavy 30 60 contamination metal contamination and excessive What is the major Pesticide pollution 6 12 fertilizer application is the largest environmental problem 11 Excessive fertilizer land environment problem at existing in cultivated land 10 20 application present, indicating that the at present? construction contents of this Others 4 8 project are well-targeted. What is the problem you Agricultural soil pollution 15 30 want to solve most in Production technologies 21 42 The project will effectively realize 12 current agricultural Product sales 11 22 this objective. production? Others 3 6 Improved 27 54 54% of respondents thinks that the What change will take Reduced 1 2 improvement of project will place to the yield of grain Unchanged 20 40 improve the yield. Safeguarding of 13 crops after grain yield of farmers is the key to implementation of the No idea 2 4 ensure smooth project project? implementation. What change will take Improved 50 100 The respondents think the place to the quality of Reduced 0 0 implementation of the project will 14 agricultural products after improve quality and safety of implementation of the Unchanged 0 0 agricultural products. project? Relatively complete 15 30 Only 30% of respondents think that How about your opinion Relatively simple and the local agriculture and water on local agriculture and 33 66 15 crude conservancy facilities are relatively water conservancy completed, indicating relatively irrigation facilities? No irrigation facility 2 4 weak local irrigation facilities. Do you already master Fully mastered 16 32 Most respondents think that they 16 various related skills for Probably learned 20 40 basically master related skills for 188 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan No. of Ratio No. Investigation content Option Analysis and conclusion persons % construction and construction and maintenance of maintenance of field field irrigation system but there are Not mastered 14 28 irrigation system? still some respondents failing to master such skills. Are you willing to Yes 42 84 Most respondents are willing to participate in the whole No 0 0 take part in the whole process of process of project design, design, construction and construction and 17 implementation of field irrigation implementation if field No idea 8 16 system, indicating relatively high irrigation system is degree of concern of locals for designed and constructed irrigation system. locally? No 12 24 17% of respondents totally fail to Have you ever 1-2 times 10 20 receive agricultural training. 18 participated in training on 3-5 times 13 26 Therefore, relevant training shall agricultural knowledge? be strengthened during project Above 5 times 15 30 construction. Fully manual planting 7 14 Manual planting + Most respondents adopt planting Limited agricultural 37 74 method of manual planting + What is your crop machinery limited agricultural machinery or 19 planting method? Agricultural machinery + total manual planting, indicating 5 10 Limited manual planting relatively weak agricultural Fully agricultural machinery construction at present. 1 2 machinery Farm manure 6 12 Application of compound and trace Compound fertilizer and fertilizers takes up 35%, 15 30 application of testing soil for trace fertilizer Testing soil for formulated fertilization takes up Types of chemical 8 16 20 formulated fertilization 15%, indicating that certain fertilizers applied by you foundation of testing soil for formulated fertilization in local Mixed fertilization 21 42 place. It is relatively beneficiary to implementation of the project. Recommended by 14 28 agricultural technical staff Recommended by dealers 12 24 About half number of respondents How do you choose Based on experience (or selects chemical fertilizers and 21 chemical fertilizers and recommended by 22 44 pesticide based on experience (or pesticide? neighbors) recommendation by neighbors). Based on labels 2 4 (advertisements) Pesticide store 43 86 How do you acquire Most respondents purchase Direct sales from 22 chemical fertilizers and 6 12 chemical fertilizers and pesticide in manufacturer pesticide? pesticide stores. Itinerant vendor 1 2 Ask those who used chemical fertilizers 9 18 before. Most respondents determine usage What is the basis guiding Based on experience 20 40 of chemical fertilizers by learning 23 your usage of chemical from others or based on previous fertilizers at present? Label instructions 7 14 experience. Guidance by agricultural 14 28 technical staff Based on experience 12 24 About half number of respondents How do you determine Label instructions 15 30 determines using frequency of using frequency of 24 Guidance by agricultural chemical fertilizers and pesticide chemical fertilizers and 20 40 technical staff according to guidance of pesticide? Recommended by dealers 3 6 agricultural technical staff. How about the frequency 1-2 times 11 22 The proportion of pesticide 25 of use of pesticide in each 3-4 times 27 54 application frequency of 5-6 is round of crop planting? 5-6 times 10 20 20%, shows that the pesticide 189 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan No. of Ratio No. Investigation content Option Analysis and conclusion persons % application amount is relatively large and plant diseases and insect Above 6 times 2 4 pests are relatively serious in the project. Hand-operated sprayer 21 42 Knapsack sprayer 28 56 Most respondents use How do you spray 26 Power sprayer 1 2 hand-operated and knapsack pesticide? Unified prevention and sprayers. 0 0 control company Publicity and education 13 26 Which work shall be Training 22 44 Most respondents think that mainly strengthened in Organization and publicity, education and relevant the next step in order to 27 implementation of training shall be strengthened, ensure successful 5 10 monitoring and which is also a highlight in the implementation of the assessment early-stage work of the project. project? Others 10 20 What are your opinions Main opinions and suggestions: It is expected that the project can be implemented as and suggestions on soon as possible with guaranteed quality and quantity. Meanwhile, environmental 28 project construction and protection work shall be properly conducted. The normal lives of surrounding people environmental protection shall not be affected during construction period. work? What are difficulties and Main difficulties and hopes: It is expected that the project would have relatively good hopes during continuity and the economic subsidy can be improved in a proper manner; project 29 implementation and publicity shall be enhanced to enable more people to get involved in the project as construction of the well as play a demonstrative role for local agricultural development through project? favorable implementation effect. 8.1.4 Information disclosure and feedback 8.1.4.1 Site announcement Site announcement refers to posting of paper announcement in bulletin boards of township governments and village committees where the project is implemented as other densely-populated areas. 8.1.4.2 Contents of announcement According to the requirements of Law of the People’s Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment, Interim Measures for Public Participation of Environmental Impact Assessment issued by Ministry of Environmental Protection of the state as well as business policy of the World Bank (OP4.01), we carry out two rounds of information disclosure during the process of assessment. The first round is carried out after screening and selection of environmental problems and before final determination of environmental impact assessment outline, while the second round is carried out in the stage 190 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan when the first draft of environmental and social impact assessment is completed. Contents of announcement are shown as follows: ①Overview of construction project ②Work procedures and main contents of assessment; ③Scope of solicitation of public opinions and main matters; ④Specific solicitation of public opinions; ⑤Method and term for the public to check abridged edition of environmental and social impact assessment (Chinese version); ⑥Starting and ending dates for the public to put forward their opinions; ⑦Contact information, including mailing addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax number, contact persons, emails, etc. of development organization and environmental impact assessment organization 8.1.5 Summarization of opinions and feedbacks of public participation Table 8-5 Summary sheet of opinions and feedbacks of public participation Public opinions Corresponding feedbacks in environmental management plan Land leveling and digestion are carried out locally upon muck excavation of 1. About control of construction project points; the household garbage of construction personnel are centrally garbage collected on the construction site and timely cleared and transported. 2. About project implementation PMO is responsible for uniformly establishing scheme and organize training of effect agricultural technical service providers and field schools. Farmland irrigation water source detection points are set up at the main irrigation water inlet of cultivated land in project area to detect the water quality of irrigation 3. About water pollution problems water source during key water demand period of grain planting so as to ensure provision of basis for safety of irrigation water quality. Liming personnel shall properly conduct protection work and properly wear 4. Safety management and protective clothes and masks during application of quick lime to ensure safety of personnel’s health issues personnel and seedlings. Maintain and upgrade the irrigation canals in the program areas that 5. Related to irrigation couldn’t meet irrigation demands, and meet the farmers’ demands for measures irrigation canals and irrigation water source 191 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 8.1.6 Public consulting and information disclosure during project implementation After the annual detection results of agricultural products are presented during project implementation, the county will hold a public participation site investigation meeting. The basic conditions of project and detection results of agricultural products are notified to relevant farmer households and rural cooperatives. If the heavy metal content of agricultural products exceeds the standard, such agricultural products will be uniformly acquired and safely disclosed in unified accordance with subsidy policy formulated in the project implementation scheme. Meanwhile, the opinions and suggestions of stakeholders including farmer households and rural cooperatives in project areas are collected and relevant countermeasures or measures shall be adopted based on such opinions and suggestions. Improvement will be made in the subsequent implementation of the project. 8.1.7 Brief summary of public participation 192 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Table 8-6 Summary sheet of public participation Form of Participation Feedback to public Time public Location Content object opinions participation List of public participation in the first round: Understand the basic status of local industrial and mining enterprises, Relevant understand the water competent quality status of Lishui departments of River as the local government of irrigation water source, Yongding District The water quality of understand the current Agricultural in charge of local irrigation water safety status of local September Bureau of environmental source is already Symposium agricultural products, 2015 Yongding protection, water controlled and the understand the District conservancy, project demand can application status of animal be satisfied. local farmyard manure husbandry, and chemical fertilizer security and and listen to the quality opinions of related supervision competent government department about the project Understand the current Play a demonstrative Agriculture status of local role for local Agricultural competent agriculture, consult the agricultural November Bureau of departments of project circumstance in Symposium development through 2015 Yongding government of the local place and listen favorable District Yongding to the opinions of implementation District agricultural authorities effect. about the project. List of public participation in the second round: Understand the current status of local agriculture, and consult Properly adopt Zhuangjiayu the project circumstance relevant measures Village, in the local place. Local and avoid influencing January Symposium Xixiping Town, Local residents residents express that on normal lives of 2016 Yongding they have similar surrounding people District experience previously during construction and show a high period. positivity to the project implementation. 193 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Form of Participation Feedback to public Time public Location Content object opinions participation Understand the current status of local agriculture, and consult Properly adopt Taiping Village, the project circumstance relevant measures Luotaping in the local place. Local and avoid influencing January Symposium Township, Local residents residents express that on normal lives of 2016 Yongding they have similar surrounding people District experience previously during construction and show a high period. positivity to the project implementation. Understand the current status of local Wentang agriculture, and consult Properly adopt Village, the project circumstance relevant measures Maoyanhe in the local place. Local and avoid influencing January Symposium Town, Yongding Local residents residents express that on normal lives of 2016 District（used to they have similar surrounding people be called experience previously during construction Wentang Town） and show a high period. positivity to the project implementation. Understand the current status of local agriculture, and consult Properly adopt the project circumstance relevant measures Bajiahe Village, in the local place. Local and avoid influencing January Houping Town, Symposium Local residents residents express that on normal lives of 2016 Yongding they have similar surrounding people District experience previously during construction and show a high period. positivity to the project implementation. Properly adopt Fengxianggang Understand the current relevant measures Township, status of local and avoid influencing January Fengxianggang Symposium Local residents agriculture, and consult on normal lives of 2016 Village, the project circumstance surrounding people Yongding in the local place. during construction District period. Properly adopt Wujiazui Understand the current relevant measures Village, status of local and avoid influencing January Symposium Yanghuping Local residents agriculture, and consult on normal lives of 2016 Town, Yongding the project circumstance surrounding people District in the local place. during construction period. 194 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Form of Participation Feedback to public Time public Location Content object opinions participation Farmland irrigation water source detection points are set up at the main Make site survey of irrigation water inlet local agricultural status. of cultivated land in Understand the planting project area to detect January structure and irrigation the water quality of Interview Project district Local residents 2016 facility as well as the irrigation water application status of source during key farmyard manure and water demand period chemical fertilizer. of grain planting so as to ensure provision of basis for safety of irrigation water quality. Table 8-7 Summary sheet of information disclosure Time of Place of Form of Disclosed contents Organizer disclosure disclosure disclosure Information disclosure table of public participation in the first round: Post program announcement in Novembe Project Posting of government bulletin to disclose the Agricultural Bureau r 2015 area announcement overview and main contents of of the County construction project Information disclosure table of public participation in the second round: Overview and main contents of construction project; scope of public participation and main Zhuangjiayu matters; contact information including mailing January Village, Xixiping Agricultural Bureau Symposium addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax of the County 2016 Town, Yongding number, contact persons, emails, etc. of District development organization and environmental impact assessment organization Overview and main contents of construction Taiping Village, project; scope of public participation and main Luotaping matters; contact information including mailing January Agricultural Bureau Symposium Township, addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax of the County 2016 Yongding number, contact persons, emails, etc. of District development organization and environmental impact assessment organization Wentang Village, Overview and main contents of construction Maoyanhe Town project; scope of public participation and main January Agricultural Bureau Symposium (used to be matters; contact information including mailing of the County 2016 called Wentang addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax Town), Yongding number, contact persons, emails, etc. of 195 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Time of Place of Form of Disclosed contents Organizer disclosure disclosure disclosure District development organization and environmental impact assessment organization Overview and main contents of construction project; scope of public participation and main Bajiahe Village, matters; contact information including mailing January Houping Town, Agricultural Bureau Symposium addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax of the County 2016 Yongding number, contact persons, emails, etc. of District development organization and environmental impact assessment organization Overview and main contents of construction Fengxianggang project; scope of public participation and main Village, matters; contact information including mailing January Fengxianggang Agricultural Bureau Symposium addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax of the County 2016 Township, number, contact persons, emails, etc. of Yongding development organization and environmental District impact assessment organization Overview and main contents of construction Wujiazui project; scope of public participation and main Village, matters; contact information including mailing January Agricultural Bureau Symposium Yanghuping addresses, postal codes, contact number, fax of the County 2016 Town, Yongding number, contact persons, emails, etc. of District development organization and environmental impact assessment organization 8.2 Public participation of social impact assessment 8.2.1 Principle of public participation and information disclosure of project 1) Maintaining the disclosure of project information. The project propaganda is penetrated in the whole project cycle. Efforts are made to establish a regular disclosure system of project information; regularly make an announcement to the project information closely associated with stakeholders in the public areas of community. Besides, the group meeting, representative meeting, slogan, TV show and broadcasting measures are adopted to notify stakeholders of project preparations. 2) Assisting main stakeholders to establish the consciousness of project main body. The evaluation team recommends to launch out the following training programs: a) organize participation training to the stakeholders and instruct them to positively think about community development, farmland heavy metal pollution and environmental protection; b) organize the training of environmental protection knowledge and instruct the 196 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan stakeholders to think about impact of their living and production methods on the soil and think about protecting the soil; c) organize the training of project technologies and eliminate worries of stakeholders to the project. 3) Absorbing main stakeholders to participate in the project construction; first consider employing them as paid labor; permitting them to provide rear services for the construction project. 4) Concerning about the role of village community cadres and community strength in the project execution. The village community cadres participate in the project propaganda, training, mobilization, villager demand reflection, discovery of existing problems, coordination of contradictions and subsequent management. In the project execution, a certain subsidy is offered to the main cadres. 5) Launching out the village participation management model of village soil governance and protection and encourage the local residents to maintain the project effect sustainable. 6) Encouraging the weak tendency to participate in the project. In the project design, instructive stipulations are formulated for the weak tendency such as women and minority group. For instance, 50% of total women are required to participate in the training program (the standard can be properly graced in the minority group); various communities are required to absorb a certain ratio of poverty-stricken households to participate in the project and it is adopted as the project evaluation indicator. In order to listen to the voice of weak tendency, the village project team includes the representatives of women, minority group and poverty-stricken households. In view of rather low cultural level in the women and ethnic minority, various project areas organize special training programs, select proper teaching contents, methods and language according to the actual demand and thus upgrade the training effect. As for the project area distributed with ethnic minority, easy and special training program is organized according to their features and demand. The assessment team has formulated the catalog for activity participation of project beneficiary in different project cycles such as farmland soil environmental governance. It includes the participation suggestions of the evaluation team. 8.2.2Participation of stakeholders in the project preparation stage 8.2.2.1 Basic participation methods In the project impact area, the social evaluation team has launched out a series of project propaganda activities and mobilized stakeholders to participate in the project decision making. The stakeholders participate in the project at three levels: 197 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan (1) Official symposium The assessment team convenes the symposium for officials of project office at various levels and related governmental departments and knows about and collects: ① Execution and assessment result of local project ② Project risk analysis; how to reduce risks ③ Suggestions on how to upgrade project effect ④ Project problems ⑤ Expected impact of the project ⑥ Collection of document literature and annual statistical statements at province, county and county level (2) Symposium of project farmers and rural cooperative society The assessment team convened a symposium with the subitem project owners, including the following contents: ① Background and process of project; knowledge of project execution status quo and assessment ② Project design ③ Existing problems ④ Suggestions on how to upgrade project effects and avoid risks ⑤ Collection of owner’s filing documents ⑥ Selection of investigation point (3) Negotiation and participation of stakeholders The assessment team launched out negotiation and participation in the stakeholders. In the on-site work of each subitem project, the assessment team selected different investigation points in order to cover the affected stakeholders. The assessment team launched out the unlimited preliminary participation of stakeholders. In the on-site work, the assessment team selected different investigation points and convened three (3) times of county cadre symposium participated by the county agricultural bureau, environmental protection bureau, animal husbandry bureau, poverty relief office, women’s federation, civil affairs bureau, civil and religious bureau, human resource and social security bureau, national land bureau and demolition office; in the project township, convened six times of village cadre symposium participated by the agricultural station technicians and township main responsible persons and project village committee’s director; convened six 198 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan times of village team symposium (60 attendants in total, including 18 poverty-stricken people which takes up 30.0% of total number of attendants); convened six times of poverty-stricken household symposium (36 people in total), six times of women symposium (48 people in total); launched out in-depth interview with 30 local residents, including 10 women which took up 33.3%; 10 minority people which took up 33.3%; 10 poverty-stricken people which took up 33.3%. Besides, it distributed 632 copies of questionnaire in three project counties and recovered 604 effective copies with an effective recovery rate of 95.6%. In the questionnaire, the male feedback took up 72.2% and female feedback took up 27.8%. In the composition of race, Han people included 430 which took up 72.6%; Tujia nationality included 161 people which took up 26.9%; Miao, Dong and other nationality included 9 people which took up 0.5%. 8.2.2.2 Participation contents and activities of information disclosure The participation in the project preparation stage mainly aims to reach common consensus and design the appeal plan that can adequately reflect the demand of stakeholders. Please refer to Table 8-8 for the specific participation catalog. Table 8-8 Participation model of stakeholders Participation Contents Activity methods Participants activities ①Publicize the importance and necessity of Bulletin, propaganda ①All the members of Project project execution; request for their opinions brochure, public village propaganda and suggestions. convergence, slogan and ②Project owner ② Transmit the following information propaganda list ③Project office concerned by the mainly affected groups in a timely manner: project execution date, venue, land requisition and demolition plan and compensation and settlement plan. Analysis of ①Confirm affected groups and basic living Representative meeting ① Village affected status Women symposium representative group ②Confirm the positive and negative impact Symposium of (including of various groups poverty-stricken poverty-stricken households household, ethnic Analysis of ① Analyze the status quo and existing Representative meeting minority and women) problems problems in the village/village farmland Women symposium ② Village/village pollution; determine specific impact degree Symposium of committee on the village development poverty-stricken ③ Project owner and ② Assist the local residents to analyze households project office association of farmland pollution with their own life Evaluation Analyze specific contents of indigenous Representative meeting of indigenous knowledge to alleviate farmland soil Women symposium knowledge pollution Symposium of poverty-stricken households Analysis of Confirm needs of affected groups; analyze Representative meeting need the gap between said needs and project Women symposium design Symposium of poverty-stricken households Feedback ① Evaluate the project design plan and Representative meeting project contents Women symposium Symposium of 199 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan ② Evaluate the project expectation and poverty-stricken suggestions of stakeholders households Training ① Face with all the local residents and ① Representative ①All the members of enhance training of national and local meeting village environmental indicators and environmental ② Bulletin, propaganda ②Project owner protection laws and stipulations. brochure, slogan and ③Project office ②Launch out training on farmland pollution propaganda list ④Agricultural bureau control. ⑤Village committee ③Propagandize impact of living methods on the surrounding environment; assist the local residents to know about their living impact on the surrounding environment. 8.2.3 Public participation of project execution stage All the members of village, village committee, project owner, project office and village project management team are converged to participate in the project construction and surveillance in the form of village meeting, representative meeting and village project management team meeting. Please refer to Table 8-9 in detail. Table 8-9 Participation catalog of stakeholders of project construction stage Participation Contents Activity methods Participants activities Village project Confirm the team members, recommend ①Village meeting ①All the members of organization and select responsible person, execute ② Village/representative village and organization training, select and manage meeting ②Village committee management project construction staffs, safeguard the ③ Village project ③Project owner team security of construction site, coordinate the management team ④Project office relationship between various parties and meeting (including reflect the opinions of local residents. ⑤ Village project poverty-stricken management team households, immigrants, ethnic minority and women) Project ① Confirm the establishment methods, ①Village meeting ① The construction construction social capital introduction methods and ② Representative staffs include the farmland soil governance methods of meeting resettled groups, professional agricultural organization ③ Participation in the ethnic minority, ② Confirm working posts of project project construction women and construction poverty-stricken ③ Confirm the selection standard of households construction staffs and must include ②Project office resettled groups, ethnic minority, ③Project owner poverty-stricken household and women ④ Project ④ Confirm the remuneration of construction construction staffs institution ⑤Participate in the technical training and ⑤ Village project safety system training of construction management team staffs ⑥ Social capital ⑥Participate in the project construction representative 200 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Village/village ①Make regular surveillance of the soil ①Village meeting ①All the members of project soil ② Make resuming surveillance to the i ② Village/representative village surveillance resettled group’s living standard meeting ②Village committee team ③ Monitor resuming of natural ③ Village project ③Project owner environment upon completion of project surveillance team ④Project office ④ Make regular surveillance of (including ⑤ Village project agricultural products poverty-stricken surveillance team households, resettled groups, ethnic minority, and women) Training Make surveillance and assessment of skill Training of village ① Village project training project surveillance surveillance team team ②Project office ③Project owner Appeal to Establish opinion feedback system of ① Print out “table of ① Village project opinions village members project appeal opinions” surveillance team and distribute to each ②All the members of village team; enable the village local residents to raise ③ Project office and their opinions in a project owner timely manner. ② Prepare complaint hotline in the provincial project office. ③ Designate village surveillance team to collect the farmers’ opinions and suggestions at any time. 8.2.4 Information Disclosure The participation right and bargaining power of migrants and affected personnel shall be emphasized during stages of migrant resettlement, policymaking, and plan preparation and implementation. The objects of public participation are classified into three types, i.e. government departments in each level, expert terms and affected village collective and population. Resettlement plan and social assessment shall be involved in negotiation and participation according to steps of public participation to ensure full participation of affected groups. All documents shall be announced according to policy of the World Bank and relevant archives shall be filed or published in the newspaper for announcement according to domestic requirements. 201 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Opportunities including social economic investigation and social impact assessment and investigation shall be utilized to extensively publicize and introduce resettlement policy of the Project by various means and solicit opinions from various kinds of affected population. After extensive public participation, coordination and communication, local governments, affected village collectives and affected population have already fully understood the potential influence, settlement policy and income recovery plan of the project. The project resettlement office and the local resettlement implementation organizations in each level may adopt the following procedures and methods to encourage the affected population to participate in negotiation: (1) Publicize basic information of the Project and attract the affected population to actively participate in the Project. Methods such as posting of announcement, radio and television, network media and investigation forum are adopted to introduce basic conditions of the Project to the affected groups and enable the affected population to have a relatively full concept and understanding of the Project. The main contents of information of the Project include: Objectives of farmland pollution prevention and administration; influence of farmland pollution administration project; project compensation standards, compensation amount and resettlement policy; migrants’ opinion feedback and appeal channels. (2) Convening of public consulting meeting The project resettlement office organizes affected population to attend consulting meeting on an irregular basis based on actual conditions of project land acquisition and demolition. At least 5 meetings shall be convened. The number of participants shall not be lower than 30% of total affected population. During each meeting, representatives of disadvantaged groups especially women and ethnic minorities shall be invited to attend the meeting. The number of disadvantaged groups including women and ethnic minorities attending the meeting shall not be lower than 30% of total number of participants. Also, the meeting shall be monitored by relevant external independent monitoring organization. Furthermore, project construction contents, progress and resettlement policy of the Project shall be publicized through TV, broadcasting, newspaper and network. (3) Convening of hearing As for issuing centering on migrants including alternative crops and planting technologies, migrants’ compensation expectations and difficulties faced by migrants, the migrants may fully express their opinions first and then sorting of concentration ratios of 202 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan demands, opinions and suggestions are formed through discussion, analysis and voting. Then, the community discussion results will be made public. (4) Announcement of resettlement framework After hearing and expert consulting, PMO shall formulate a draft and a final version of resettlement plan framework and give out them to migrants and the public in project areas. The general places used to disclose resettlement framework can be public activity places, villager activity rooms in the affected village committees, government public information website, etc.. The language used shall be easy to understand. The draft of resettlement framework shall be publicized one month before it is submitted to the World Bank for approval. After the draft is recognized by the World Bank, the final version can be publicized. The main contents of resettlement framework include all lost property, compensation standards, compensation amount, resettlement policy, migrants’ rights and interests, and opinion feedback and appeal channels, etc.. (5) Announcement of monitoring results of agricultural products during project implementation period The villager monitoring team monitors farmland products using agricultural product monitoring equipment and then announce the detection results. Detection of agricultural products is usually conducted once for single cropping rice and twice for double cropping rice respectively. The monitoring results of agricultural products may be announced in villages’ information bars, places with centralized activities conducted by villagers, villager activity rooms in the affected village committees and government public information website. The language used shall be easy to understand without easy generation of ambiguity. 8.3 Information disclosure and OPINION FEEDBACK (Complaint) mechanism during project implementing period 1. Information disclosure In order to enable the people affected in the implementing process of this project to quickly obtain information to guarantee sufficient consideration of the interest of affected people in the engineering construction and operation process, this project has established effective information disclosure mechanism. The information disclosure mechanism is as 203 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan follows: Stage 1: small civil construction works For small civil construction works (such as renovation of irrigation canals, etc.), the construction unit shall release project information to the surrounding affected residents in form of public announcement. The various construction sites shall release the related project information announcement, including but not limited to: ① Project overview; ② Construction plan: ③ Main construction works; ④ Main environmental problems and mitigation measures; ⑤ Name and telephone number of personnel in construction unit and supervision unit. The construction unit and supervision unit shall regularly communicate with surrounding residents to reduce negative influences. All construction units shall provide workers with training about maintenance of relationship and communication with surrounding residents, local custom and code of conduct. All complaints, problems and related matters shall be included in feedback report, and submitted to supervision unit and construction unit for review; the complaint contents to be corrected and handled must be delivered to the related parties to guarantee satisfaction of complaining personnel. Regarding the problems related to environmental protection, consult local environmental protection administrative departments for proper settlement. Stage 2: Agriculture technology activities For implementation of agriculture technology activities (such as liming, etc.), the implementation unit shall release project information to surrounding affected residents in form of public announcement. Clear public announcement relating to project information shall be posted in the surrounding area of the fields implementing various agriculture technology activities, including but not limited to: 204 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan ① Project overview; ② Implementing plan of agriculture technology activities; ③ Main activity quantity (such as liming quantity); ④ Main environmental problems and relief measures; ⑤ Name and telephone number of personnel in implementation unit and supervision unit. The construction unit and supervision unit shall regularly communicate with surrounding residents to reduce negative influences. All construction units shall provide workers with training about maintenance of relationship and communication with surrounding residents, local custom and code of conduct. All complaints, problems and related matters shall be included in feedback report, and submitted to supervision unit and construction unit for review; the complaint contents to be corrected and handled must be delivered to the related parties to guarantee satisfaction of complaining personnel. Regarding the problems related to environmental protection, consult local environmental protection administrative departments for proper settlement. Stage 3: Agricultural products inspection during implementation period 2. Opinion feedback (complaint) mechanism In order to timely and effectively handle problems occurring in implementing process of this project, and guarantee smooth proceeding of project, it is necessary to establish an opinion feedback (complaint) mechanism. After receiving environmental protection complaint or correction notice from administrative department, the construction unit or implementation unit shall immediately organize visits and investigations along with county PMO and other related departments, and make correction based on actual circumstances. Meanwhile, correction scheme shall be announced to settle environmental protection dispute issues. After receiving a correction notice, correction shall be completed within 3 working days (those to be coordinated by administrative departments shall be completed within 10 working days). The feedback mechanism is as follows: The public may propose opinions to construction unit or implementation unit in form of sending letter, fax, email, etc.; or feedback opinions through county PMO and complaint 205 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan office. Measures shall be adopted to guarantee complaining channel to be transparent and effective, the specific requirements of which are as follows: (1) If receiving any influence in any aspect of environment, resident may propose complaint to county PMO, which shall make the decision of handling such complaint within 2 weeks. (2) If the resident is still unsatisfied with the decision made by county PMO, he/she may, after receiving such decision, file complaint to higher level of administrative departments with jurisdiction for arbitration according to the Administrative Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China. (3) If the resident is still unsatisfied with the award of arbitration, after receiving such award of arbitration, the resident may file lawsuit to civil court according to the Civil Procedure Law. (4) Residents may propose complaint (lawsuit) on any aspect of environmental management, including compensating standard, etc. (5) Complaining channel shall be informed to residents, so as to enable residents to be fully aware of their rights of complaint. (6) The institution accepting complaint from residents will not charge any fee; the expenses incurred from complaint shall be paid by the construction unit or implementation unit. (7) All complaints shall have standard recording, tracking and regular reporting: The contents of record shall include: the complaint recording sheet mainly include: basic information of complaining person, basic information of complaint matter, basic information of replier, solution and realized effect. Contents of tracking shall include: return visit to the complaining person to make sure whether the complaint matter is handled, and the complaint is satisfied with the effect of handling, etc. Regular report shall include: the complaint information shall be regularly reported in writing to superior level, and written in the implementing plan of subsequent engineering. The construction unit or building unit shall arrange full-time environmental protection 206 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan personnel to specifically collect and handle the unsatisfaction and complaint by the affected population. The name, office address and contact telephone number of the principal of construction unit or building unit shall be announced. Based on the opinions reflected by the public, and the environment monitoring report and inspection report by supervision institution, the environment and social management project will make targeted adjustment on the mitigation measures, so as to make further improvement on environment management activities. If it is found out in inspection that there is major deviation from the contents in environmental management and social plan, or any change of project has caused huge negative influence on environment, or caused significant increase of people affected by negative environment, the project management office shall immediately consult with the environment institution and establish environment evaluation team with World Bank to make extra environmental evaluation; if it is necessary, extra public consultation shall be made. The modified environmental and social management plan shall also be informed to the implemention organs and contractors, and enable them to implement based on the modified contents. 207 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Chapter 9 Environmental and Social Management Plan 9.1 Purpose of environmental and social management Environmental and social management is a part of project management, and an important process of the effective implementation of environmental protection and social risk prevention work. The purpose of the environmental and social management of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District is to guarantee the smooth implementation of the various environmental protection measures and social risk prevention measures of the project, to reduce the negative influence of project implementation on the environment and society, and to realize coordination among environmental protection, sustainable social development and economic development. 9.2 Contents of environmental and social management plan The environmental and social management plan of project is formed based on the evaluation of environmental and social influence; the contents mainly include environmental and social management system and duties, environmental and social management training, environmental protection measures proposed regarding the negative influences in the evaluation of environmental and social influence, social risk prevention measures, and the investment estimation of environmental and social management expenses. 9.3 Environmental and social management system 9.3.1 Setting of environmental and social management organization The setting of environmental and social management organization of the project is detailed in Table 9-1 and Figure 9-1. 208 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Table 9-1 Composition of environmental and social management system Nature of Name of organization Responsibilities of organization organi zation  Provide comprehensive macro guidance for implementation and coordination of relevant policies as well as solving of relevant difficulties, supervise project Provincial project joint implementation, review and approve project plan, seek for supporting capital, meeting implement inter-department coordination and help solve difficulties existing in project implementation. Take charge of overall coordination and management of the project to ensure smooth implementation of relevant policies in environmental and social management plan, which mainly includes:  Check and coordinate with the work of each local environmental management department. Manag  Take charge of arranging survey activities of environmental experts of World ement Provincial PMO Bank. organi  Summarize reports of each sub-project in different stages and submit them to zation World Bank for review.  Report work to provincial PMO on a regular basis.  Coordinate with county PMO to handle complaint issues Take charge of implementation and management of each sub-project to ensure smooth implementation of relevant policies in environmental and social management plan, which mainly includes:  Supervise and urge the project implementer to implement environmental County PMO management plan.  Prepare staged report of project environmental management.  Report work to provincial PMO on a regular basis.  Responsible for handling of complaint issues World Bank Supervise and check implementation of environmental and social management plan. The governmental administration organization conducts whole-process Environmental environmental supervision management of project activities according to law, Superv protection bureau including approval of environmental impact assessment report, provision of ision guidance, and remediation acceptance. organi zation In the project areas with implementation organized by the specified Third-party agricultural cooperatives, the various project administrative villages supervision shall establish the project quality supervision team composed of the institution village administrative committee members, farming household 209 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan representatives, women representatives, poor farming household representatives and vulnerable targeted group representatives (minority representatives shall also be included in the area of minorities). Duties involved: firstly, supervise the project implemented by the specified farmer cooperatives and agricultural enterprise along with the agricultural supervision company entrusted by the county PMO; secondly, assist the PMO of different levels to collect monitoring evaluation data as required; In the project areas independently implemented and organized by village administrative committee, establish village project implementing team to specifically organize the implementation of various projects and various agriculture technology measures, and its project quality supervision shall be implemented by the agricultural supervision company entrusted by the county PMO Project implementation Imple organization mentat established by project Take charge of project implementation and execution of environmental protection ion implementation measures and social risk prevention measures organi township of each zation county Implement environmental influence identification as entrusted by Environmen project environmental and social management department, prepare Prep t consultant specific environmental evaluation documents, and provide arati environmental consultation and technical support on Implement social influence identification as entrusted by project stage Social environmental and social management department, prepare specific consultant social assessment documents, and provide social consultation and technical support Consul Regularly implement periodic evaluation and summarization of project ting Environmen implementing environment as entrusted by project environmental and service Impl tal social management department, submit environmental evaluation organi eme consultant documents of implementation stage, and provide environmental zation ntati consultation and technical support on Regularly implement periodic evaluation and summarization of project stage Social implementing social influence as entrusted by project environmental and consultant social management department, submit social assessment documents of implementation stage, provide social consultation and technical support Environmental Undertake professional environmental monitoring tasks upon the entrustment of monitoring project environmental and social management organization. organization Framework of environmental and social management organization of project is shown in Figure 9-1. 210 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Figure 9-1 Framework diagram of environmental and social management organization of project Table 9-1 Composition of environmental management system Nature of Name of organization Responsibilities of organization organization Assign dedicated environmental management personnel to be responsible for the environmental protection in the planning, design and implementation stage of project, determine the working procedures to meet the requirements of domestic party Provincial PMO and the World Bank on the environmental evaluation and management, and coordinate to supervise the implementation of the environmental management plan. See the “5.2 Responsibility and Staffing of Each Organization of the Environmental Management System” for details. Management Assign the dedicated environmental protection officer to be organization responsible for the daily environmental supervision and management of project during the construction and operation period and daily monitoring after completion of project, so as to Project office of decrease the adverse impact of project on the environment to the Yongding District lowest or acceptable degree and give full play to the environmental benefits of project; the environmental protection officer is also responsible for collecting the funds required by the project environmental protection work as well as the arrangement and filing of related files. See the “5.2 Responsibility 211 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Nature of Name of organization Responsibilities of organization organization and Staffing of Each Organization of the Environmental Management System” for details. The administrative supervision & management organization of government will supervise and inspect whether the project Administrative working procedure meets the requirements of Chinese department for the environmental management and whether the pollution prevention environmental & control measures during the implementation meets the demands protection in Yongding of Chinese environmental protection. See the “5.2 Responsibility Supervision District and Staffing of Each Organization of the Environmental organization Management System” for details. Dispatch environmental technical experts to supervise and inspect the implementation of environmental protection implementation World Bank rules. See the “5.2 Responsibility and Staffing of Each Organization of the Environmental Management Syste m” for details. Environment Environmental Accept the commission to compile the project environment report. assessment evaluation & See the “5.2 Responsibility and Staffing of Each Organization of organization consultation unit the Environmental Management System” for details. Qualified environmental monitoring organization is responsible for the environmental monitoring during the project construction Environmental and operation period. See the “5.2 Responsibility and Staffing of monitoring organization Each Organization of the Environmental Management System” for details. Consulting Assist the provincial project office in inspecting the service environmental protection work of each sub-item, and instruct the organization Environment expert environmental evaluation unit and implementation unit to group externally properly complete the design and implementation of appointed by the environmental protection measures. See the “5.2 Responsibility provincial project office and Staffing of Each Organization of the Environmental Management System” for details. Implement the environmental protection measures specified in the contract clauses and bidding & tendering documents, meet the Contractor of civil environmental protection requirements of the World Bank and works, execution Implementation local administrative department in charge of environmental organization at each organization protection and submit the construction verification table (attached project point and farmer table 1 and 2). See the “5.2 Responsibility and Staffing of Each households Organization of the Environmental Management System” for details. 212 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan PMO of Integrated Inspectorate of the World Bank Management Project of Environmental Polluted Farmland in Hunan impact assessment Province with World Bank consulting unit Loan Environmental protection administrative department of Yongding District, Zhangjiajie Environment Administrator Environmental experts hired by provincial PMO of Yongding District PMO Secretary of environment protection Civil engineering contractors, implementation institutioins and planting Environmental households in project areas monitoring Management Org. organization Monitoring Org. Consulting service org. Implementation Monitoring Org. Org. Figure 9-1 Framework diagram of environmental management organization of project 9.3.2 Responsibilities and personnel allocation of each organization of environmental and social management system The environmental and social management system adopted in “Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongding District of Zhangjiajie City with World Bank Loan” includes project management organization, supervision organization, implementation organization and consulting service organization. All these organizations commonly constitute a complete environmental and social management system of the project. However, each of them undertakes different work contents and has different scopes of responsibility. The project is launched under the 213 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan organizing and leadership of provincial PMO and each project county (municipal) government to ensure the compliance of project construction with requirements stipulated by China and the World Bank concerning work procedure, pollution prevention and control measures, and social risk prevention measures. Responsibilities and personnel allocation of each organization in this project are shown in Table 9-2 below. Table 9-2 Responsibilities of each organization in environmental and social management system Type of Personnel Name of organization Responsibilities of the organization organization allocation 1. Carry out whole-process environmental supervision management of this project according to law, including approval of ① Environmental Supervision project environmental impact assessment Protection Bureau of 1 organization report (including environmental assessment Yongding District work of sub-projects), and environmental supervision management in stages such as project construction and operation. 1. Prepare and supervise the implementation of Environmental and Social Management Plan; 2. Supervise and urge the coordination and implementation of domestic environmental management requirements and environmental management requirements of World Bank; ② Provincial project Management 3. Submit relevant reports to World Bank every 1 leaders team and PMO organization half a year; 4. Check environmental management work of PMO in each level; 5. Coordinate with other relevant departments to solve major environmental problems; 6. Entrust hired environmental and social expert group to check the project. 1. Prepare and supervise the implementation of sub-project environmental and social management rules and regulations; 2. Organize the preparation of approval application of domestic environmental impact assessment documents; 3. Urge the project design to meet environmental impact assessment requirements; ③ PMO of Yongding Management 1-2 4. Include environmental protection measures in District organization this environmental and social management plan in project construction contract; 5. Hire, supervise and coordinate with project supervisor (qualification, responsibilities and management); 6. Organize the implementation of environmental management training plan; 7. Properly keep records on complaints during 214 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan project construction and operation process, sort such records, answer handling results to the public and solve the problems complained by the public; 8. Submit reports (statements) to provincial PMO every quarter; 9. Accept the inspection of environmental work (including project inspection of World Bank) 1. The World Bank assigns an inspectorate every year to conduct special inspection of project implementation; Supervision ④World Bank 1 2. Check execution conditions of loan agreement organization of this project and implementation conditions of Environmental and Social Management Plan. ⑤ Provision of 1. Carry out on-the-spot survey of each project and construction project Environmental conduct environmental assessment; environmental impact impact assessment 3 2. Take charge of compiling contents of assessment organization Environmental Management Plan. qualification certificate 1. Carry out site inspection of construction site and contractor and assist provincial PMO in checking environmental protection work of project points; ⑥ Environmental Consulting service 2. Guide environmental impact assessment unit and experts hired by 1-2 organization implementation unit to properly design and provincial PMO implement environmental protection measures, submit a draft report to provincial PMO and put forward suggestions and opinions on implementation of environmental protection. 1. Carry out environmental monitoring in project ⑦ Environmental construction period and operation period Consulting service experts hired by 1-2 according to Environmental Monitoring Plan, organization provincial PMO keep such conditions in the archives and report to each county (municipal) PMO. 1. Formulate each environmental protection measure in construction period; 2. Accept supervision and inspection from World Bank and environmental protection departments at all levels regarding environmental protection; ⑨ Environmental 3. Establish a feedback mechanism and complete Implementation experts hired by Several rectification within 3 working days after organization provincial PMO receiving notice of rectification (rectification shall be completed within 10 working days if management organization is demanded to coordinate); 4. Complete construction checklist together before construction and submit it to county (district) PMO. 1. Supervise the project implemented by ⑩ Third-party specified farmer cooperatives and Supervision supervision Several agricultural enterprise along with institution institution agricultural supervision company entrusted by county PMO; 215 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 2. Assist PMO of various levels to collect and evaluation data as required. 9.3.3 Environmental and social management tasks in each project stage Project environmental and social management involves different work contents in different project implementation stages as shown in Figure 9-2. The most important task of environmental and social management plan is to ensure that each environmental protection measure put forward is practically and effectively implemented, including: ① Include environmental protection measures and social risk prevention measures in environmental and social management plan into project design and construction contract; ②Implementation of environmental protection measures by the construction unit during construction period; ③Project acceptance, supervision and management of project operation period, mechanism of environmental and social management plan inspection, reporting mechanism and filing mechanism. The timeliness of work is reflected through inspection of daily work. 216 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Environmental and social Program stage management task Feasibility study Identification of project type Form this type of environmental and social management plan, Preliminary design ensure the various measures proposed in the environmental and social management plan to be implemented in engineering supervision plan. Implement environmental and social management plan, implement Engineering on-site supervision and management on the construction activities of construction construction unit at construction site. Engineering and Environmental and social management plan proposes environmental protection requirements and requires submission of acceptance acceptance results to the related parties. Engineering operation Implement environmental and social management plan during operation period. Chart 9-2 Environmental and Social Management Tasks at Each Stage of Project 9.3.4 Public complaint and feedback mechanism A public complaint and feedback mechanism needs to be established in order to timely and effectively solve the problems occurring in project implementing process, and to guarantee the smooth proceeding of project. 9.3.4.1 Institution accepting unsatisfaction and complaint In order to better protect the local environmental quality status and interest of surrounding residents, Yongding District PMO has established environmental influence complaint acceptance leadership team, the head of which is concurrently served by the principal and related personnel of Yongding District PMO; the complaint acceptance leadership team sets up complaint acceptance office at the 217 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Yongding District PMO, and discloses the complaint acceptance institution’s telephone number, fax, address, email address, etc. through bulletin, so the affected people could propose complaints about any environmental and social problem at any time. The daily complaints shall be collected and summarized by the complaint acceptance office, and Yongding District has set full-time personnel to shoulder responsibilities of recording and receiving the complaints and appeals from people. Besides, China’s complaint system is relatively complete, the complaint channel is very smooth and open, and government agencies such as environmental protection bureau, civil affairs bureau, finance bureau, etc. all have special complaint office and complaint bureau. People could also directly file complaints to such complaint office and bureau. 9.3.4.2 Complaint and grievance procedure The specific procedure to handle complaints is as follows: 1） Grievance Uptake and Receipt If any affected person consists that his/her right is violated in any way, he/she may file complaint to the complaint acceptance office in written form or oral form; if it’s oral complaint, the complaint acceptance office member shall make detailed record. 2） Grievance Sorting, Processing, Investigation and Action Complaint acceptance office shall sort out and screen the complaint contents, investigate the cause, influence and responsible personnel of complaint event. Based on aforesaid investigation results, the complaint acceptance institution shall determine further actions and the schedule to implement such actions, determine the measures to relieve and solve the influence of such event, propose measures to prevent such type of events from happening again, and recognize the channel of complaint contents to make further connection. Complaints in the aspect of environment issues: the complaint acceptance 218 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan institution shall propose handling opinion within two weeks; if the complaining person is unsatisfied with the opinion by the complaint acceptance office, he/she may file complaints to the county or municipal environmental protection bureau in written form within 1 month, and the related county or municipal environmental protection bureau shall give handling opinion within the regulated period. If the complaining person is still unsatisfied with the handling opinion by the county or municipal environmental protection bureau, he/she may file complaint to the superior environmental protection authority after receiving such handling opinion. Complaints regarding social issues: stage 1: the affected person may propose his/her unsatisfaction to the local village administrative committee/community residents committee or town-level government/street administration in form of oral complaint or written complaint. The local village administrative committee/community residents committee or town-level government/street administration must preserve one written record for oral complaint and give a clear reply within 2 weeks. Stage 2: if the complaining person is still unsatisfied with handling decision at stage 1, he/she may file oral or written complaint to the local township or town after receiving such decision; if it is oral complaint, the involved township or town shall give handling and make written record. The township or town shall make handling decision within 2 weeks; stage 3: if the migrant is still unsatisfied with the decision by the town or township, he/she may propose complaint to the complaint acceptance office of county PMO. The county/district PMO shall make handling decision within 2 weeks; stage 4: if the person is still unsatisfied with the decision by county/district PMO, after receiving such decision by PMO, he/she may file complaint to the provincial PMO. The provincial PMO shall make handling decision within 2 weeks; stage 5: if the complaining person is still unsatisfied with the handling result by the provincial PMO, after receiving such decision by the provincial PMO, the complaining person may file lawsuit to civil court according to Civil Procedure Law. If the affected person is still unsatisfied with the decision at stage 2, he/she may, after receiving the decision, file complaint to the administrative 219 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan departments with jurisdiction level by level in accordance with the Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China for arbitration. If the affected person is still unsatisfied with the award of arbitration, he/she may, after receiving such award of arbitration, file lawsuit to the civil court in accordance with the Civil Procedure Law. 3） Monitoring and Tracking Grievance Regularly review feedback received, cases resolved and GR trends in project management meetings. 4） Communication for Effective GRMs 9.3.4.3 Contents and methods of replying to complaints (1) Contents of reply ① Overview of unsatisfaction of complaining person. ② Results of fact investigation. ③ Related national regulations, principles and standards of environmental protection. ④ Handling opinion and specific basis (2) Method to reply complaints ① For the complaint over individual phenomenon, reply shall adopt the method of direct delivery of written materials to complaining person. ② For frequently reflected complaint issues, notify his/her local village administrative committee in form of holding residents meeting or delivering documents. No matter which replying method is adopted, replying materials must be delivered to Yongding District PMO. 9.3.4.4 Recording, follow-up and feedback of complaints During the period of project implementation and operation, Yongding District PMO shall take care of the recording and management of complaint material and 220 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan handling result materials, and submit them to provincial PMO in written form once every one month. The provincial PMO shall regularly inspect the complaint handling records. In order to completely record the complaints and handling of related issues, Yongding District PMO has formed complaints and handling situation registration table. For the format of such table, please refer to Table 9-3. Table 9-3 Complaint and Grievance Registration Table Accepting unit: Time: Place: Name of Content of complaining Required solution Planned solution Actual handling complaint person Complaining Recording person person (signature) (signature) Note: 1. The recording person shall truthfully record the contents and requirements of complaints. 2. The complaining process shall not be subject to any disturbance and obstruction. 3. The planned solution shall be replied to the complaining person within regulated period. 9.3.4.5 Contact means to express complaint and grievance Yongding PMO shall arrange full-time personnel to be specifically responsible for collecting and accepting unsatisfaction and complaints of complaining person. Its principal name, address and contact means are as follows in Table 9-4. Table 9-4 Information of Institution and Personnel Accepting Complaints Complaints accepting institution Contact Address Tel No. 88, Middle Nanzhuang Yongding District PMO Hu Wenlin (86) 744-8222295 Road, Nanzhuangping 221 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 9.3.4 Public appeal and feedback mechanism 9.3.4.1 Public appeal During environmental impact assessment of the project, approaches including convening of symposium and granting of questionnaire are adopted to collect residents’ opinions. The public may express their opinions through symposium or fill out questionnaires granted by the assessment unit to express their opinions. They may initiatively ask for questionnaires to express their opinions or put forward their opinions by sending correspondences, calls, fax and emails to development organization or assessment unit; also, they may state their opinions through Environmental Protection Bureau and Complaint Letter and Request Handling Office of Yongding District. During project construction or operation period, the public may put forward their opinions by sending correspondences, calls, fax and emails to construction unit or development organization; also, they may state their opinions through environmental protection bureau and complaint letter and request handling office of each project county (city). After receiving environmental protection complaint or rectification notice from administrative department, the environmental impact assessment unit, construction unit or development organization shall immediately join hands with relevant departments including design department to organize visit and investigation, carry out rectification based on actual circumstances, and publicize the rectification scheme to solve disputes involving environmental protection. 9.3.4.2 Feedback mechanism Mitigation measures in environmental management plan will be adjusted in a well-targeted way according to environmental monitoring report and regulatory 222 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan inspection so as to further improve environmental management activities. If major deviations from contents in environmental management plan are found out during inspection, or project change results in huge adverse environmental impact, or the number of people under adverse environmental impact significantly increases, PMO will immediately consult with environmental organization and environmental assessment team established by World Bank to conduct extra environmental assessment. Extra public consulting shall be carried out when necessary. The modified environmental management plan shall also be notified to implementation organization and contractor who shall implement the modified contents 223 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 224 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 9.4 Environmental and social management training 9.4.1 Training purpose The purpose of environmental and social management training is to ensure smooth and effective launch of environmental management work of Yongding District, enable relevant personnel to be familiar with contents and procedures of environmental and social management, improve environmental and social management capacity of environmental management personnel and ensure effective implementation of each environmental protection measure and social risk prevention measure. The main object of environmental capacity building is environmental and social managers. Training of environmental managers is a constituent part of technical support of the project. During the implementation of project, the training courses also train construction party and workers. Before commencement of project construction, all construction units and operation units are required to participate in mandatory environment, health and safety training. 9.4.2 Training objects Training objects include all members of environmental and social management offices in each level (provincial, municipal and county-level), project owner, representatives of environmental monitoring organization, main construction party, project point implementation organization, representatives of planting households, etc.. 9.4.3 Training contents 1. Mastery and application of environmental policies of World Bank and domestic environmental protection laws and regulations as well as environmental standards; 2. Environmental and social management model of loan project of World Bank and environmental terms in loan agreement; 225 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 3. Project environmental and social management plan; 4. Project environmental and social management provisions; 5. Responsibilities and mutual relations of environmental and social management personnel, environmental monitoring personnel and contractor; 6. Environmental and social management work report and environmental monitoring report. 9.4.4 Environmental and social management training plan and fund The capital used for training of environmental and social management plan during construction period of “Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan” is tentatively listed in project budget, while training capital during operation period of this project is listed in operation and maintenance cost. See Table 9-5 for details. Table 9-5 Table of capacity building and training plan Amount Unit price No. Construction content Unit Qty (10,000 Remark (Yuan) Yuan) Ability enhancement It shall be collectively implemented by provincial 1 of government 244.58 PMO. It is mainly about officials domestic and international Observation in Person/ training in the aspects of 1.1 2.10 165,000 34.65 risk-based land management, foreign countries month agricultural environment Training in foreign Person/ monitoring, pollution prevention, 1.2 3.00 165,000 49.50 countries month policy execution and Person/ compliance; training objects 1.3 Domestic observation 34.98 33,000 115.43 include the government officials month recommended by provincial and Person/ county-level agricultural, 1.4 Domestic training 30.00 15,000 45.00 environmental protection, and month land resource departments, Training of development and reform agricultural commission, finance department Person/ 2 environment 30.00 15,000 45.00 and other institutions. month monitoring personnel Training of farmers in project 3 Training of farmers Person/ 1094.00 3,000 328.20 areas 226 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan month Project result promotion, Research and information disclosure, 4 / 78.73 promotion of results promotion and material distribution Unit Amount Construction No. Unit Qty price (10,000 Remark content (Yuan) Yuan) Project 1 management 157.20 capacity training Person/ Such work is uniformly 1.1 Domestic survey 6 18000 10.80 implemented by provincial PMO. month The training refers to domestic Person/ and foreign training mainly about 1.2 Domestic training 52 12000 62.40 month risk-based land management, monitoring of agricultural environment, prevention of pollution, policy execution and compliance. The training objects are provincial and county-level Person/ agriculture, environmental 1.3 Technical assistance 28 30000 84.00 protection and land and resources month departments, development and reform commissions, financial departments and government officials recommended by other organizations. Project knowledge 2 publicity and 470.07 training Project information disclosure and Information 2.1 29.49 publicity and granting of relevant spreading data Person/ Farmer training in project areas 2.2 Farmer training 6000 734 440.58 month Formulation of soil environmental 3 Item 6 50000 30.00 protection action plan 227 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 9.5 Summary of mitigation measures of environmental and social influence For the details about the summary of mitigation measures of common environmental and social influences of this project, please refer to Table 9-6; for more details about the summarization of mitigation measures of environmental and social influences of the project, please refer to Table 9-7. 228 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 9-6 List of common mitigation measures against environmental and social influences Implementation Supervision Influencing factor Potential influence Mitigation measures organization organization  Select advanced and reliable low-noise equipment during equipment type selection;  Reasonably arrange construction time and prohibit construction during lunch break and at night; Environmental  Foundation damping treatment shall be conducted for machinery equipment generating relatively big Protection noise, or vibration damping support shall be set up to bind up damping materials; Noise during construction period mainly includes noise from Department of  Noise generated during vehicle transport may have a certain impact on acoustic environment construction site and traffic noise during transport of materials. The Hunan Province Acoustic sensitive points along the line. Transport time shall be reasonably arranged and the quantity of cars noise from construction site mainly includes noise generated by County PMO and environment and driving density in the construction area shall be compressed as much as possible. Measures such construction machinery equipment and noise generated due to Environmental as speed restriction and horning prohibition shall be imposed on construction machinery such as material loading, unloading and collision. Protection Bureau vehicles; of Yongding  All machinery equipment shall be effectively maintained and repaired on a regular basis to ensure District that the equipment is in good condition and the purposes of noise reduction and extension of equipment use life are realized.  Most earthwork and stonework excavated from channels are used to backfill for the purpose of land leveling and ridge building; field farm tracks are constructed around existing ridges and all earthworks are reused in the field;  During construction of irrigation facilities, field farm tracks  Activities such as roadbed excavation and filling shall be avoided during windy and rainy days; Environmental and small civil engineering works, raising dust will be  Stacking and storage of powdery construction materials used in the project such as cement, lime and Protection generated due to pavement excavation, transport, loading and stone shall be strictly managed and the surfaces shall be covered. Watering measure shall be adopted Department of unloading of spoils, and site trimming and construction. when necessary; Hunan Province Atmospheric Construction waste gases mainly refer to waste gases  Project construction shall be implemented in different sections and different areas to reduce scope of County PMO and environment generated by fuel oil consuming construction machinery and raising dust; measures such as watering shall be adopted to reduce pollution of raising dust; Environmental tail gas generated by transport vehicles. The emission volume  Concrete mixing station adopts the station mixing method and closed management measures. Protection Bureau of these pollutants is limited and usually only has a certain  Construction machinery and vehicles with good operating condition shall be selected and used; of Yongding impact on construction personnel. The influence of such  Overhaul and maintenance of construction vehicles shall be strengthened. It is strictly prohibited to District pollutants in regional environment is very small. use vehicles beyond the period of intended use and with tail gas exceeding the standard. Construction vehicles with low oil consumption and small exhaust shall be used as much as possible and high-quality fuel oil shall be selected and used as much as possible to reduce emission of hazardous gases from machinery and vehicles. 229 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan  Channel construction shall be better conducted in non-irrigation period. Temporary water passage may be built when necessary;  sedimentation tank shall be set up on construction site. The construction wastewater shall be collected and deposited through sedimentation tank and then reused for construction as much as possible; Environmental  Construction production wastewater and domestic sewage are  Temporary latrine pits are set up within construction site. Excrements are cleared on a regular basis Protection mainly included. Construction wastewater mainly includes and then used as farm manure according to actual living conditions in rural regions; Department of concrete maintenance wastewater and aggregate flushing  Construction management shall be strengthened and deflation, water emission, liquid dripping and Hunan Province Water water. Although the volume of this part of wastewater liquid leakage of construction machinery shall be strictly controlled; drainage system and water County PMO and environment generated is small, it contains a certain amount of oil conservancy measures shall be properly implemented in temporary soil stacking area to prevent Environmental contamination and sediments which may cause certain stacking of spoils from resulting in water and soil loss to influence water environment; Protection Bureau pollution to soil, surface water and underground water if not  Each construction unit shall implement each treatment measure for handling of construction of Yongding properly treated and instead discharged at will. production wastewater and domestic sewage to ensure that the wastewater is properly treated and District disposed;  Environmental protection education of construction personnel shall be strengthened and environment awareness of construction personnel shall be improved. The construction personnel shall not throw or dump wastes and sewage at will. The main sources of solid wastes generated during construction  The household garbage shall be collected using garbage cans and bags set up on construction site Environmental period include foundation excavation, spoil (slag) after backfill, and then uniformly cleared and transported to household garbage landfill in the towns where the Protection sludge generated during dredging of hilly ponds, and household project is located for treatment and disposal; Department of garbage generated by the construction personnel. If the building  The heavy metal content of sludge from the hilly ponds shall be monitored and relevant disposal Hunan Province garbage generated during construction period is not timely disposed, measures shall be selected; Solid wastes County PMO and it will not only influence landscape but also generate raising dust  Spoil (slag) can be used for land leveling and backfill as well as paving of road foundation without Environmental under windy and dry weather conditions. If household garbage is not having to go far. No water slag yard is separately set up in order to reduce land occupation. Protection Bureau timely treated, mosquitoes will be bred, stink will be generated and  The heavy metal content of dredged sludge shall be monitored and relevant disposal measures shall of Yongding diseases will be spread under moderate temperature, which will have be selected; District an adverse influence on surrounding environment. Once cultural relics and historic sites are discovered during construction process, relevant personnel shall immediately inform local cultural relics preservation department and timely and properly protect the site. Cultural relics County PMO Provincial PMO Construction can be resumed only after the cultural relics department properly handles the cultural relics and historic sites discovered. Social  Construction noise would influence local villagers’ rest;  Construction time shall be reasonably arranged and it is prohibited to construct during lunch break County PMO Provincial PMO environment  Transport of construction materials and spoil will have a and at night; 230 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan certain impact on local transportation;  Civilized construction shall be implemented and local customs shall be respected;  The construction of field farm tracks may occupy a little  If it is required to occupy a part of cultivated land, consent of farmers shall be solicited first and quantity of cultivated land. farmers with cultivated land occupied shall be compensated. Land occupation shall be settled inside the village. Table 9-7 Summary sheet of influence of specific points and mitigation measures Specific environmental Potential environmental influence Mitigation measures sensitive points  The construction within a scope of 200m around schools shall be arranged beyond school time as much as possible.  Construction camps shall be set up beyond scope of 200m around schools; construction Schools: machinery equipment (especially high-noise equipment) shall be set up beyond scope of 200m No.7 High School of the around the school; county;  Construction transport shall be conducted beyond school access roads. However, if it indeed Bajiahe Primary School; Noise influence from construction machinery cannot be realized, construction materials and muck shall be transported beyond school time; Dayongsuo Middle School; Noise influence from construction machinery  When passing around schools, transport vehicles shall slow down and avoid blowing the horn No.4 High School of Dayong Influence of lime application on environmental as much as possible; county; air  Lime application shall be arranged for farmland within scope of 200m around schools beyond Shaowandadui Primary school time as much as possible; School;  Lime shall be better applied under weather condition with wind speed less than 5m/s;  Schools shall be notified ahead of time before lime application. The schools shall publicize knowledge on protection from lime and preventing the flowing lime from injuring students and teachers.  Government department should strengthen the supervision, regulation and law enforcement Influence of mineral slags on the downstream efforts, and strictly forbid the recovery of mining of historical mining points in the upstream of the irrigation water project area, such as the nickel molybdenum mine, iron mine, etc; Xixiping ni-mo mining Influence of mineral slags on the downstream  For the project area having residual slags in the upstream, front sedimentation tank can be residue farmland soil arranged in the front section before the irrigation water entering the farmland if necessary, so as to Influence of noise resulting from the slag realize the interception and settlement of irrigation water; transportation  Supporting treatment measures have been taken to clear and transport the historical residual 231 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan slags by outsourcing, and the clearing and transporting time should avoid the wet season;  The residual slags transportation workshop should take the anti-dropping measures and use the tarpaulin for purpose of shielding and enclosing;  It is not allowed to clear and transport the slags during 20:00-6:00 at night, so as to avoid influencing the rest of residents along the transportation route.  Rice with excessive heavy metal content shall be prohibited from entering the grain market and grain purchase points shall be established exclusively for purchase and storage of such rice;  In case of rice with a Cd content of over 0.2 mg/kg, a Purchase and Sales Contract shall be signed with Zhangjiajie Guangyuan Liquor Industry Development Co., Ltd and other liquor companies to enable such rice to be Disposal of rice with used as a liquor-making material and Cd in rice is mainly enriched in the Risk and social impacts of improper excessive heavy metal by-product of lees; disposal of excessive Cd content rice content  The by-product of lees generated in liquor-making from excessive Cd content rice shall be monitored with the monitoring factors of as least Cd, As, Pb, Hg and Cr. Such lees as are in conformity with Hygienic Standard for Feeds (GB 13078-2001) could be used as feed; otherwise the said lees shall be properly disposed by way of sanitary landfills and other measures.  Form subsidy scheme to ensure the income of farming households not to be reduced. 232 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 233 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 9.6 Environmental Monitoring Plan 9.6.1 Purpose and principle of monitoring The purpose of establishment of environmental monitoring plan is to supervise the implementation of each measure so as to adjust environmental protection action plan according to monitoring results and provide basis for implementation time and implementation scheme of environmental protection measures. The purpose of environmental monitoring is to comprehensively and timely master the pollution trends of proposed project, get to know the degree of change of local environmental quality due to project construction, scope of influence and environmental quality trends during project operation, and timely feedback information to the competent department so as to provide scientific basis for environmental management of the project. The environmental monitoring plan of the proposed project can be uniformly entrusted by World Bank PMO of Yongding District. The entrusted party shall have monitoring qualification and shall take charge of acquiring and analyzing monitoring data, issuing environmental analysis report, and submitting the report to the entrusting unit which shall submit duplicate to the World Bank. The responsibilities of monitoring plan organization of the project are shown in Table 9-8 below. Table 9-8 List of Responsibilities of monitoring plan organization Implemented item Responsible unit Local environmental monitoring station or company with monitoring qualification Acquisition of monitoring data is entrusted. Data analysis The monitoring unit is responsible for acquiring and analyzing data. Preparation of environmental report The monitoring unit issues an analysis report according to monitoring data. The abovementioned monitoring plan can be uniformly entrusted by World Bank PMO of Yongding District. The entrusted environmental monitoring station shall sort and analyze monitoring data implemented, issue an environmental analysis report, and submit the report to the entrusting party which shall submit a duplicate to World Bank every quarter according to monitoring plan. 234 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan After submission of environmental analysis report, World Bank PMO of Yongding District will uniformly manage and file the report as collected material indicating Management plan environmental impact in project implementation stage for the purpose of project completion acceptance. 9.6.2 Monitoring organization The management organization is recommended to entrust local environmental monitoring station or social environmental monitoring organization with monitoring qualification to execute monitoring plan. The development organization shall sign relevant monitoring contract with the monitoring unit before project implementation. Sign the contract about monitoring in the operation period with the monitoring unit prior to the delivery and operation of the project. 9.6.3 Environmental monitoring plan Sensitive points with relatively obvious pollution will be determined as monitoring points according to predicted results of environmental impact. Based on pollution conditions during project implementation period, relatively significantly affected irrigation surface water body, soil, agricultural products, and applied organic fertilizers and pesticide, etc., are selected as monitoring contents. The monitoring factors are determined according to characterization factors of the project. Monitoring analysis method of relevant project of the state is adopted. National standards determined during environmental impact assessment are executed as assessment standards. Project monitoring contents are determined according to characteristics of project and environment. See Table 9-9 for details. 1. Monitoring of irrigation surface water body (1).Point arranging principle Farmland irrigation water source detection points are set up in river sections around main irrigation water inlet of cultivated land in project area, main irrigation water inlets of main canals/branch canals and small reservoir in each key reservoir level by level. Irrigation water drainage sampling is carried out at ground drain of project area and irrigation water recession outlet. 235 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan (2).Monitoring time and frequency Monitoring year: the first and third year upon implementation of project. Monitoring frequency: 3 times within a year (May, July and September in case of Yongding District featuring single cropping rice）. (3). Surface water monitoring factors pH, Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cr6+, CODCr, NH3-N and TP (once only). 2. Monitoring of sediment from water sources for irrigation (1). Monitoring point position Monitoring sites of sediment are established at all monitoring points from water sources for field irrigation matching sampling points for monitoring of irrigation surface water. One sample is collected from each monitoring site of sediment. (2). Monitoring time Once in the first year and once at the end of the implementation of project (for implementation effect review). (3). Monitoring factors pH, total Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cr and water soluble Cd. 3. Monitoring of sediment in sedimentation tank (1). Monitoring point position One sample is acquired for each sedimentation tank using quartering method. (2). Monitoring time Once every year. (3). Monitoring factors pH, total Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cr and water soluble Cd. 4. Arrangement of soil monitoring points (1). Point arranging principle Typical patches on flat ground with naturally good soil conditions and relatively stable combination of elements and covering an area of 2 mu or so shall be selected from the grids as sampling patches for monitoring points with the grid method and in line with the data demand of one point per 30-50 mu in mountain areas and one per 50-100 mu in vast of flat 236 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan areas. Sampling patches shall neither be located near residences, ditches, dunghills, scrap heaps and grave mounds nor be located at sloping fields, marsh lands and other spots featuring supporting landscape. Moreover, sampling patches shall be situated far away from highways or railways beyond 50m, though no polluted sites shall be avoided or approached intentionally. (2). Monitoring project and frequency A. Monitoring of soil in the entire project area ① pH and available Cd: Once every year ② Total Cd, As, Pb, Hg and Cr: Twice, namely, once in the first year and once at the end of the implementation of project (for implementation effect review). ③ Organic matter and cation exchange capacity (CEC): Once only throughout implementation of project B. Monitoring of soil in the selected demonstration fields In the course of implementation, two fields are selected from the project-based county (1,000 mu are preferable for fields of single cropping rice located at high risk areas as much as possible) as the demonstration areas where soil sampling and monitoring are conducted in strict corrspondance with farm produce. ① Mornitoring factors: pH, total Cd, As, Pb, Hg, Cr and available Cd. ② Monitoring frequency: Once per crop per year, namely, on an annually basis in case of Yongding District featuring single cropping rice. 5. Heavy metal detection of agricultural products (1).Sampling principle The sampling point of agricultural products shall be as correspondent to soil heavy metal monitoring sampling points as possible. More than five composite samples shall be acquired from every agricultural product. (2).Detection time During sampling in crop harvest period, the detection shall be conducted once every year for single cropping rice. (3).Monitoring factors 237 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Cd, Pb, As, Hg and Cr 6. Monitoring of manure and other agricultural inputs (1). Compound fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer ① Sampling criterion Three samples are collected. ② Monitoring time Once in the first year. ③ Monitoring factors Cd, Pb, As, Hg and Cr. (2). Organic fertilizer ① Sampling criterion Three samples are collected for each batch of organic fertilizer. ② Monitoring time Each batch is monitored prior to application of organic fertilizer. ③ Monitoring factors Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cr, readily oxidized organic carbon and total carbon. (3)Other agricultural inputs, such as lime, passivator, etc. ① Sampling principle Collect three samples in every batch of passivator. ② Inspection time Before using other agricultural inputting materials, inspect every batch. ③ Inspecting factor Cd, Pb, As, Hg and Cr. 7. Monitoring of plant diseases and insect pests (1).Use of pesticide Record types of pesticide used in project area as well as pesticide application frequency and dosage. The monitoring frequency is once every year; (2).Conditions of farmland ecosystem Monitor morbidity of plant diseases and insect pests, quantity of injurious insects and 238 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan quantity of natural enemies; The monitoring frequency is 4 times per year (seedling period, adult-plant period, fruiting period, and harvesting and picking period); (3).Pesticide residues of crops Detect pesticide residues of agricultural products. More than five composite samples shall be acquired from each agricultural product with monitoring frequency of 2 times per year. 8. Balance monitoring 2 typical project areas are selected in the project-based country and 3 typical fields are selected for each project area. Fields selected for balance monitoring shall not be subject to any restoration measures in the course of implementation of project. Soil: 1 basic sample is collected for each typical field and is monitored on an annually basis with the monitoring factors of Cd, As, Pb, Hg and Cr. Vegetation: 3～5 samples each with 5～7 roots are collected from the upper part of rice fields at maturity stage. Irrigation water: 1 composite sample is collected at every time of field irrigation of incoming water and 8 samples are collected each year. Atmospheric dry and wet deposition: to be monitored for 2 consecutive years and samples are collected once every 3 months within a year with the simple method of sedimentation vat collection. Fertilizer: heavy metal contents in fertilizers applied to fields is counted based on monitoring data for fertilizer monitoring. 9. Monitoring of byproduct distillers’ grains from wine made of rice with out-of-limit cadmium Monitor Cd, As, Pb, Hg and Cr; collect three samples in every batch of distillers’ grains, and inspect each batch. 239 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Table 9-9 Project Environmental Monitoring Plan Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) Farmland irrigation water source detection points are located at river sections around main irrigation water Monitoring year: the first inlet of cultivated land and third year upon in project area, main pH, Cd, Pb, implementation of the 6+ irrigation water inlets Procedural regulations regarding As, Hg, Cr , project. Qualified Provincial Irrigation surface of main canals/branch the environment quality CODCr, Monitoring frequency: 3 472 169920 organization and county water canals and small monitoring of water for NH3-N and TP times within a year (May, entrusted PMOs reservoir in each key agricultural use (NY/T396-2000) (once only) July and September in reservoir level by case of single cropping level. Irrigation water rice). drainage sampling is carried out at ground drain of project area and irrigation water recession outlet. Monitoring sites of sediment are established at all monitoring points Twice, namely, once in pH, total Cd, from water sources for the first year and once at Sediment from Technical Specification for Soil Qualified Provincial Pb, As, Hg, Cr field irrigation the end of the irrigation water Environmental Monitoring 432 17280 organization and county and water matching sampling implementation of project sources (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs soluble Cd. points for monitoring (for implementation effect of irrigation surface review). water. One sample is collected from each monitoring site of 240 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) sediment. One sample is pH, Cd, Pb, Sediment from collected from each Technical specification for soil Qualified Provincial As, Hg, Cr sedimentation sedimentation tank Once every year environmental monitoring 432 46656 organization and county and available tanks with the method of (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs Cd. quartering. pH and Once every year 100 181200 available Cd Twice, namely, once in the first year and once at Total Cd, Pb, the end of the 300 181200 As, Hg and Cr One point per 30-50 implementation of project Technical specification for soil Qualified Provincial Soil mu in mountain areas (for implementation effect environmental monitoring organization and county and one per 50-100 review). (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs Organic matter mu in vast of flat areas and cation exchange Once only in the first year 100 30200 capacity (CEC) Two fields are selected: 1,000 mu are preferable for fields of single cropping rice Samples are collected pH, total Cd, Soil in located at high risk during harvest period and Technical specification for soil Qualified Provincial As, Pb, Hg, Cr demonstration areas as much as are monitored on an environmental monitoring 418.5 100440 organization and county and available fields possible. One point annually basis in case of (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs Cd per 30-50 mu in single cropping rice. mountain areas and one per 50-100 mu in vast of flat areas Agricultural Cd, Pb, As, Product sampling Samples are collected National food safety standard: Qualified Provincial 352 637824 products Hg and Cr points shall match during harvest period and Determination of cadmium in foods organization and county 241 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) sampling points for are monitored per crop (GB 5009.15-2014); National food entrusted PMOs monitoring of soil per year on an annually safety standard: Determination of lead heavy metals as much basis in case of single in foods (GB 5009.12-2010); National as possible and more cropping rice. food safety standard: Determination of than 5 composite total mercury and organic-mercury in samples shall be foods (GB 5009.17-2014); National collected for each food safety standard: Determination of sample chromium in foods (GB 5009.123-2014); National food safety standard: Determination of total arsenic and abio-arsenic in foods (GB 5009.11-2014); Monitoring of Qualified Provincial compound Cd, Pb, As, 3 samples are Once only in the first year / 500 1500 organization and county fertilizer and Hg and Cr collected entrusted PMOs phosphate fertilizer Cadmium content in organic fertilizer shall be limited below 1 mg/kg and the proportion of readily oxidizable organic carbon 3 samples are Qualified Provincial Monitoring of Cd, Pb, As, content in total carbon content collected for each Twice per year 500 18000 organization and county organic fertilizer Hg and Cr shall not exceed 15%. For other batch of fertilizer entrusted PMOs restrains, refer to the standard of organic fertilizer from the Ministry of Agriculture - Organic Fertilizer (NY 525-2012) Other agricultural Collect three samples Qualified Provincial inputs, such as Cd, Pb, As, Monitor 1 time in every in every batch of / 500 18,000 organization and county lime, passivator, Hg and Cr batch purchased entrusted PMOs passivator etc. 242 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) Types, frequency and dosage of Type, frequency and pesticide; Monitoring of crops dosage of pesticide used, morbidity of and pesticide residues morbidity of plant plant diseases in agricultural diseases and insect pests, and insect pests, products shall be made quantity of injurious National Standards for Food Monitoring of quantity of Qualified Provincial a key to each project insects and natural Safety - Maximum Residue Limits plant diseases and injurious insects / 30000 organization and county area with more than enemies are monitored on for Pesticides in Food insect pests and quantity of entrusted PMOs five composite an annually basis. (GB2763-2014); natural enemies; samples being Pesticide residues in output of collected for each agricultural products are agricultural farm product sample. monitored once per crop products and per year. pesticide residues 2 typical project areas 1 basic sample is are selected and 3 Technical Specification for Soil Qualified Provincial Soil: Cd, As, collected for each typical typical fields are Environmental Monitoring 300 10800 organization and county Pb, Hg and Cr field and is monitored on selected for each (HJ/T 166-2004) entrusted PMOs an annually basis project area. Each sample with 5-7 3-5 samples are collected Vegetation: Qualified Provincial roots is collected from on an annually basis in Cd, As, Pb, Hg / 352 10560 organization and county the upper part of rice case of single cropping Balance and Cr entrusted PMOs fields at maturity stage rice. monitoring Irrigation 1 composite sample is Technical Specification for water: Ph, Cd, Qualified Provincial collected at every time 8 samples are collected Environmental Quality Pb, As, Hg, 472 22656 organization and county 6+ of field irrigation of each year Monitoring of Argricultural Cr , CODCr, entrusted PMOs incoming water Water Source (NY/T396-2000) NH3-N and TP Atmospheric Two points in total, To be monitored for 2 Technical Specification for Qualified Provincial dry and wet one for each typical consecutive years and Automatic Monitoring of 600 9600 organization and county deposition project area samples are collected Environmental Air Quality (HJ/T entrusted PMOs 243 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Unit Arrangement of price Monitoring Executive standards and Expense Monitoring Supervision Monitoring item monitoring point Monitoring frequency (Yuan parameters specifications (Yuan/year) organization organization positions (quantity) per sample) once every 3 months 193-2005) within a year Specification for Monitoring of Environmental Air Quality (No.4 Notice of the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2007) Qualified Provincial Fertilizer Based on monitoring data for fertilizer monitoring / / organization and county entrusted PMOs Monitoring of byproduct distillers’ grains Cd, As, Pb, Hg Adopt three samples Monitor 1 time in every Feed Sanitary Standard (GB Qualified Provincial from wine made of in every batch of 500 18,000 organization and county rice with and Cr batch 13078-2001) entrusted PMOs distillers' grains out-of-limit cadmium 1,503,800 Subtotal Yuan 234,800 Sampling cost and miscellaneous Yuan 1,738,600 Total monitoring costs Yuan 244 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 9.6.4 Monitoring report system The monitoring unit shall submit a formal monitoring report after end of each monitoring task and submit it to relevant departments level by level as per procedure. Quarterly report and annual report shall be provided during operation period. Upon occurrence of sudden accidents, they must be immediately reported. The monitoring report procedure of this project is shown in Figure 7-1 below. Environmental Project management Protection Department organization of Hunan Province Environmental Protection Environmental Protection Environmental monitoring Bureau of Zhangjiajie City Bureau of Yongding organization District DCounty Figure 9-3 Diagram of monitoring report procedure 9.7 Estimation of environmental and social management expenses The total investment of environmental protection and social risk prevention to be listed in this project is RMB 6.8386 million yuan; for more details, please refer to Table 9-10. Table 9-10 Environmental and Social Management Expenses of this Project Estimated Environmental No. Content of measures investment (10 and social factors thousand yuan) Acoustic Construction equipment foundation shock absorption 1 20 environment or setting vibration attenuation base or other measures Cover the surface of powder materials, dust Atmospheric 2 suppression with water or other measures during 20 environment construction period Water Set sedimentation tanks at construction site, set 3 150 environment temporary dry toilet within construction site, water 245 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan and soil preservation measures, etc. Dregs transportation, absorb and balance at construction site; collect living garbage and 4 Solid waste collectively transport to the living garbage dump; 100 transportation of dredge sediment and other handling measures, etc. Monitoring of irrigation surface water, irrigation Monitoring sediment, setting pond sediment, soil, agricultural expense during products, fertilizer and agricultural inputting 5 project materials, plant diseases and insect pests, heavy metal 173.86 implementation balance, orchard receiving removed straws, byproduct period distillers’ grains from wine made of rice with out-of-limit cadmium, etc. Compensate for agricultural product price lower than Control of 6 government purchasing price caused from rice failing 220 out-of-limit rice to reach standard 683.86 9.8 Information Management of Environmental Management Plan 9.8.1 Information communication The environmental management requests necessary information communication among different departments and posts of PMO, project construction unit and project implementation organization within the organization. Meanwhile, relevant information shall be notified to outside (related parties, social public, etc.). Internal information communication can be carried out by various means such as meeting and internal briefing. However, a formal meeting shall be convened once every month. All communicated information shall be recorded and archived. External information communication shall be conducted once every half a year or every year. Information communication with collaborative units shall form minutes and shall be archived. 246 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan 9.8.2 Recording mechanism In order to realize effective operation of environmental management system, the organization must establish a complete recording system and preserves the records involving the following aspects: (1) Statutory and regulatory requirements; (2) Permission; (3) Environmental factors and related environmental impacts; (4) Training; (5) Inspection, checking and maintenance activities; (6) Monitoring data; (7) Effectiveness of corrective and preventive measures; (8) Information of related parties; (9) Audit; (10) Review Besides, it is also required to conduct necessary control over various records mentioned above, including identification, collection, cataloguing, filing, storage, management, maintenance, query, preservation term and disposal of records. 9.8.3 Reporting mechanism During project implementation, project construction unit, project implementation organization, monitoring unit and PMO shall record project progress, ESIA execution conditions and environmental monitoring results and timely report to relevant departments. Contents of the following six parts are mainly included: (1) The project implementation organization and project construction unit shall record project progress and ESIA execution conditions in detail on a quarterly basis, timely submit the quarterly report to each PMO, and meanwhile copy the quarterly report to Environmental Protection Bureau of Yongding District. 247 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan (2) After completing entrusted monitoring tasks, the monitoring unit shall timely submit the monitoring report to PMO and meanwhile copy it to Environmental Protection Bureau of Yongding District. (3) PMO of Yongding District shall timely submit project progress report to provincial PMO and meanwhile copy to Environmental Protection Department of Hunan Province. The project progress report (e.g. monthly report, quarterly report and annual report) must include contents of ESIA progress, e.g. execution progress and effect of ESIA and especially environmental monitoring results. (4) The annual ESIA execution report of the project must be completed and submitted to the World Bank before March 31 next year. ESIA execution report may include the following main contents: a. Implementation conditions of training plan; b. Condition of project progress; c. Execution conditions of environmental protection measures of the project, launching conditions of environmental monitoring and main monitoring results; d. Check if there are public complaints. If a complaint occurs, the main contents of the complaint, solution and degree of satisfaction of the public shall be recorded; e. ESIA execution plan in next year 9.8.4 Document management During implementation of the project, the World Bank, leading committee of the project and provincial PMO as well as town project leading team, town PMO, environmental impact assessment unit, social impact assessment unit and construction unit shall manage relevant documents. The details are shown in Table 9-11 below. 248 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Table 9-11 Document management requirements of each organization Name of organization Document management ①Construction unit 1. Record and file specific implementation conditions of construction every week and submit to county PMO; 2. Record and file specific implementation conditions of construction and submit to county PMO upon emergency and sudden condition; 3. Complete rectification within 3 working days (within 10 working days if coordination of management organization is needed) and file documents after receiving notice of rectification. ② Unit with construction project 1. Prepare contents of ESIA and file first draft, draft for environmental impact assessment review and approved draft. qualification certificate ③ Unit with qualification certificate of evaluating the social influences of construction projects ④County (district) PMO 1. Properly record, sort and file complained contents during project construction and operation; 2. Record conditions reported by construction unit every quarter and submit relevant report (statement) to provincial PMO; 3. Sign for site checklist of construction unit and verify and file environmental sensitive problems; 4. Manage and file notice of rectification reported. ⑤ Provincial leading committee 1. Prepare and supervise the implementation and filing of and provincial PMO ESIA; 2. Record conditions reported by leading team and PMO in each project point every half a year and submit relevant report to the World Bank for filing; 3. Coordinate with other relevant departments to solve major environmental problems and record and file specific measure conditions. ⑥World Bank 1. Record and file conditions reported by provincial project leading team and PMO every half a year. 249 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Chapter 10 Conclusion and suggestion 10.1 Project brief The project is a Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank loan. Its objectives are to analyze risk factors of heavy-metal-polluted farmlands in Yongding, borrow and introduce heavy-metal-polluted farmland management experience at home and abroad in the selected demonstration farmlands, establish risk-based integrated management mechanism for polluted farmland, demonstrate and popularize the integrated management mode within the final demonstration farmland scope, and then realize safety agricultural production. The contents of project construction mainly include four parts, respectively the risk-based farmland management demonstration, strengthening the agricultural environment monitoring and management, project capacity building and project management and evaluation. Yongding District has six project areas, including Luotaping Township Project Area, Wentang Town Project Area, Houping Town Project Area,Yanghuping Town Project Area ,Fengxianggang Township Project Area and Xixiping Project Area. (1) Luotaping Township Project Area Luotaping Township is located in the northwest of Yongding District with many mountains and few land, and the project area is 51 hectares. In the 8 testing points in the project area, the number of points with soil cadmium content ＜0.3 mg/kg, 0.3~0.6mg/kg, 0.6~0.9mg/kg and >0.9 mg/kg is respectively 1, 3, 3 and 2, so its pollution grade belongs to the extremely high risk. The two rice samples in the project area have the risk of heavy metal contamination, and the risk factor is cadmium. The main planting system in the project area is rice-rice with the irrigation water from Shuangfengyan Reservoir, 60 percent of incompatible farmland infrastructure 250 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan facility, and many rainfed paddy fields. The irrigation problem should be given the most priority and next is drainage. (2) Wentang Town Project Area Wentang Town is located in the northwest of Yongding District and most of it is covered by hills. It has rich water resources and abundant coal and iron resources. It consists of 6 Villages and 1 neighborhood committee, and the project area is 125.1 hectares. In the 8 soil testing points in the project area, the number of points with soil cadmium content ＜ 0.3mg/kg and 0.3~0.6mg/kg is respectively 4 and 4, so its pollution grade belongs to the medium risk. Two rice testing samples in the project area are located in the Pushang group and Wujiaping group of Wentang Village, and the cadmium content test result is 0.32mg/kg and 0.29mg/kg, so its pollution grade belongs to the medium risk. Cropping system for the cultivated land in the project area is dominated by rice-rice, and the irrigation water is from the Yaowan Reservoir. The incompatible farmland infrastructure facility rate remains at 30%. Most of the water canals in the project area are the earth canal constructed in the collectivization age in the 1970s, and these canals have a low standard. The irrigation problem should be given the most priority. （3）Houping Town Project Area Houping Town is located in the west of Yongding District and on the south bank of Lishui River. It consists of 14 administrative Villages, 4 neighborhood committees and 176 Village (neighborhood) groups, with a project area of 331.8 hectares. In the 23 testing points in the project area, the number of points with cadmium content of 0.3~0.6mg/kg, 0.6~0.9mg/kg and ＞0.9mg/kg is respectively 12, 6 and 5, so the pollution grade belongs to the low risk. The 6 rice samples in the project area of Houping Town have the heavy metal contamination risk, and its risk factor is cadmium. The cadmium content is higher than the national standard 0.2mg/kg. 251 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan The main planting system in the project area is rice-rice with the irrigation water from Dayuwan Reservoir and mountain spring, and 22 percent of incompatible farmland infrastructure facility and no facility rate. Drainage should be improved. （4）Fengxianggang Township Project Area Fengxianggang Township is located on the north bank of Lishui River in the west of Yongding District of Zhangjiajie city, and it consists of 11 Villages and 2 neighborhood committees, with the project area of 268.06 hectares. In the 14 soil cadmium testing points in the project area, the number of points with the cadmium content ＜0.3/kg and .3~0.6mg/kg is respectively 2 and 12, so the pollution grade belongs to the low risk. The 6 rice samples in the project area of Houping Town have the heavy metal contamination risk, and its risk factor is cadmium. The cadmium content is higher than the national standard 0.2mg/kg. The main planting system in the project area is rice-rice with the irrigation water from Tudiyu Reservoir and mountain spring, and 12 percent of incompatible farmland infrastructure facility and no facility rate. Drainage should be improved. （5）Yanghuping Town Project Area Yanghuping Town is located in the northeast of Yongding District and relies on the Lishui River. It consists of 19 Villages and 3 neighborhood committees, with the project area of 144.7 hectares. In the 11 soil cadmium testing points in the project area, the cadmium content in soil is mainly concentrated within 0.3~0.6mg/kg, so the pollution grade belongs to the low risk. The 4 rice samples in the project area of Houping Town have the heavy metal contamination risk, and its risk factor is cadmium. The cadmium content is higher than the national standard 0.2mg/kg. The main planting system in the project area is rice-rice with the irrigation water from Yangxihu Reservoir and Gongjiauyu Reservoir, and 55 percent of incompatible farmland infrastructure facility and no facility rate. Drainage should be improved. （6）Xixiping Project Area 252 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Xixiping sub-district office is located at the east gate of Yongding District and relies on the Tianmen mountain in the south and Lishui River in the north. It consists of 7 communities and 19 mountain Villages, with project area of 86.6 hectares. In the 11 soil cadmium testing points in the project area, the cadmium content in soil is mainly concentrated within 0.3~0.6mg/kg, so the pollution grade is low. The test results of 4 rice testing samples in the project area higher than the national standard 0.2mg/kg. The main planting system in the project area is rice-rice with the irrigation water from Zhangjiaxi Reservoir, 31 percent of incompatible farmland infrastructure facility, and many rainfed paddy fields. The irrigation problem should be given the most priority and next is drainage. 10.2 Current situation of environment (1) Investigation and evaluation results of the current situation of surface water environment The monitoring results of irrigation water source in the project area indicate that monitoring factors of irrigation water sources of all project areas (pH, CODCr, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, As, Pb, Cd, Cr6+ and Hg) reach the requirements of Quality Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water (GB5084-2005) and Type-III stated in Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002). (2) Investigation and evaluation results of the current situation of soil quality Based on the monitoring result of soil in project areas, the farmland Cd contents in project areas of Yongding District exceed the standard values. The farmland Cd content in Luotaping Township is 0.39—0.5mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.3—0.66. The farmland Cd content in Wentang Town is 0.27—0.48mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.23—0.6. The farmland Cd content in Houping Town is 0.32—0.50mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.06—0.66. The farmland Cd 253 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan content in Fengxianggang is 0.28—0.55mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.03—0.83. The farmland Cd content in Yanghuping Town is 0.35—0.55mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.16—0.83. The farmland Cd content in Fengxianggang is 0.28—0.55mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.03—0.83. The farmland Cd content in Xixiping is 0.408—0.482mg/kg, with the times of ultra standard 0.36—0.61. In accordance with this site monitoring result, the soil monitoring factor Pb, As, Cr and Hg of farmlands in each project area of Yongding District does not exceed the value required by the grade 2 standard in the Soil Environmental Quality Standard. (3) Investigation and evaluation of the current situation of sediment of irrigation canals Based on the monitoring result of sediment of irrigation canals, contents of irrigation canal sediments in all project areas of Yongding District exceed the standard values, in which, the time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of You’ai Group, Taiping Village, Luotaping Township is 0.93 and that of Hujia Group is 2.5. The time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of Pushang Group, Wentang Village, Wentang Town is 0.4 and that of Wujiaping Group is 0.8. The time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of Group 11, Guangyanju Village, Houping Town is 0.1; that of Group12 is 0.9; that of Group 7, Wuxi Village is 0.06; that of Group 14 is 0.93; that of Group 4 of Bajiahe Village is 1.03; that of Group 10 is 1.7. The time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of Group 5, Qingyutan Village, Fengxianggang Township is 0.76; that of Group 1 is 0.43; that of Group 3, Fengxianggang Village does not exceed standard and that of 10 is 0.26. The time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of Group 3, Darongxi Village is 0.36; the time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of Group 3, Dingjiarong Village does not exceed standard. The time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of Group 1, Zhuangjiayu Village, Xixiping is 0.76 and that of Group 4 is 0.83. The time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal 254 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan sediments of Yangchi Village, Yanghuping Town does not exceed standard and that of Group 7 is 0.06. The time of ultra standard of Cd content in irrigation canal sediments of Group 4, Wujiaju Village does not exceed standard and that of Group 9 is 0.73. The monitoring factor Pb, As, Cr and Hg for the sediment in the irrigation channel of each project area in Yongding District does not exceed the value required by the grade 2 standard in the Soil Environmental Quality Standard. 10.3 Analysis of influence on project environment and mitigation measures Civil construction activities related to Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District consist of two categories: ① Small civil engineering, including the construction of sedimentation tanks, repair of the small field roads (only involving the road leveling and reinforcement without increasing the width and length of the road, and the roads are paved with sand and gravel); ② The field irrigation channel engineering construction, including the drainage channel and irrigation system renovation. The project civil engineering construction activities may exert some impact on the water environment, ambient atmosphere, acoustic environment and ecological environment during the construction period. Civil construction engineering activities in Yongding District are actually conducted on a smaller scale. The project is located in the farmland in the immediate vicinity. Project and the surrounding area have no environmentally sensitive districts and the project scale is actually very small. The project construction workers are no more than 5-10 persons without any need of building the construction camp. Moreover, the project is not involved with land expropriation, dismantling and relocation and ethnic minorities. It is likely to produce dust, noise, waste water (sewage) and solid waste, etc., in the construction process, the impact of which is temporary and insignificant as they are only limited within the construction scope and 255 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan may be immediately gone with the conclusion of the engineering construction. In the agricultural activities of Yongding District, the factors generating influence on the environment include: flooding irrigation, liming (soil acidification to adjust pH value), use of organic fertilizer and fertilizer, use of soil passivator, and adjustment of planting structure, etc. During the period of rice filling and heading, flooding irrigation could reduce absorption of heavy metals into rice. Use of lime could adjust pH value of soil and reduce the absorption of heavy metals into crops. But excessive use of lime could cause soil hardening. If not adopting protective measures, the use of lime could affect the health of liming personnel. The use of organic fertilizer could improve physicochemical property of soil, but use of unqualified organic fertilizer could bring secondary pollution of heavy metal to farmland soil. Use of soil passivator could reduce the heavy metal activity in soil. Removal of straws from field could remove heavy metal in straws from farmland, so as to reduce heavy metal in farmland soil. Therefore, although the construction scheme of this project would bring certain environmental influence, such influence could be avoided or reduced by adopting related environmental protection measures, and the influence on construction period will be little and temporary; while implementing this project could enhance grain safety and improve people’s living quality, so it is a project benefiting livelihood and would bring long-term benefit to the society and environment. 10.4 Analysis of social influence of project and mitigation measures All the agricultural activities of Yongding District are carried out in farmland and will not involve land acquisition, demolition and ethnic minorities. Generally speaking, the Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land project would generate positive influence on the society since it can improve the soil in project areas, enhance the quality of agricultural products, improve the 256 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan infrastructure condition of project areas, improve the ecological environment of project areas, promote the social and economic development of project areas, enhance farmers’ quality, enhance comprehensive agricultural service level, benefit the popularization of advanced agricultural technology, and promote the enhancement of agricultural heavy metal pollution prevention and treatment. While the possible transformation of agricultural production structure, acquisition of partial lands and involved claims of interest would be its main negative social influences; as long as realizing rationality and legality and proper compensation in land acquisition, its negative social influences can be basically eliminated. 10.5 Conclusion Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land with World Bank Loan in Yongding District involves the Luotaping Township Project Area, Wentang Town Project Area, Houping Town Project Area,Yanghuping Town Project Area ,Fengxianggang Township Project Area and Xixiping Project Area, whose managed farmland area is 1,138.33 hectares; the project construction contents include the risk-based farmland management demonstration, strengthening the agricultural environment monitoring and management, project capacity building and project management and evaluation; the project would make risk level evaluation on the farmlands of selected project areas, and select proper comprehensive technical management measures for demonstration, strengthen the control of farmland pollution source and farmland pollution risks, and enhance the safe utilization level of agricultural resources, so as to produce safe food. Implementation of this project could enhance food safety, and improve people’s living quality, so it is a project benefiting livelihood and having significant environmental benefit and social benefit, whose positive influences are the majority. The negative influences are mainly in the aspects of atmosphere environment, water environment, acoustic environment, etc., and mainly occur during the engineering 257 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Environmental Management Plan of Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan construction process, so the degree of influence would be very little. After adopting the related environmental protection measures, the various negative influences can be effectively controlled. Therefore, it is believed through the general evaluation from the perspective of environmental protection that there are no restrictive factors influencing environment and society in the project of Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land with World Bank Loan in Yongding District, Hunan Province, and the project construction is feasible. 258 Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal Appendix 1 Integrated Management Project of Polluted Farmland in Yongding County, Hunan Province with World Bank Loan Small Civil Engineering Works Environmental Protection Procedure Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center, Agriculture Commission of Hunan Province Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals December 2016 1 Environmental Protection Procedure of Small Civil Engineering Works 1. Bid invitation and bidding (1) The bidding documents shall make clear of environmental protection objectives of each sub-project as well as project contractor’s responsibilities and obligations for environmental protection objectives in project areas. Each environmental protection measure and suggestion put forward in environmental impact report already approved by environmental protection department shall be clearly specified in contract terms. (2) The contractor shall undertake the obligations for environmental protection in bid documents. Contractors contracting each sub-project shall promise to perform the obligation of environmental protection for environmental protection objectives involved in the project area. The construction organization design and plan conducted shall contain contents involving implementation of environmental protection measures. (3) The ratio of amount of deposit annually budgeted and preserved by the contractor in project contract funds involving completion of environmental management shall take up approximately 3% of budgeted fund. If the measures adopted by the construction unit for environmental protection are ineffective, relevant environmental protection managers shall order the construction unit to rectify, and the environmental protection measures are still not implemented after rectification, the county PMO may impose a penalty on the construction unit and detain project funds as overdue fine for environmental protection as well as entrusts other unit to adopt environmental protection measures. 2. General provisions (1) The project owner shall assign specific personnel to take charge of handling 1 environmental protection problems taking place during construction and operation period as well as handle environmental problems taking place between contractor and environmental protection objectives and supervise the implementation of various environmental protection measures during construction period. Besides, the contractor is required to assign at least one main administrative leader to take charge of environmental protection work so as to coordinate with the owner to jointly implement each environmental protection measure. (2) The contractor shall optimize construction scheme and adopt the most advanced construction processes and implement scientific management as much as possible so as to improve construction progress under the precondition that the construction quality is ensured. Meanwhile, the contractor shall strengthen management and maintenance of construction equipment and avoid leakage of substances such as petroleum and building materials transported so as to reduce the possibility of pollution of surface water pollution in project areas. (3) The owner shall take charge of compiling and printing materials publicizing environmental protection and distributing such materials to each contractor. Also, the owner shall carry out education of environmental protection of all construction personnel to improve environmental protection awareness of construction personnel. (4) It is strictly forbidden to stack or place muck at excavation or dump it to nearby rivers during construction period. The staff is strictly forbidden to discharge domestic sewage and household garbage to river. (5) During the construction process, advanced equipment shall be adopted as much as possible to reduce the disturbance of construction noise on normal lives and rest of residents around. The construction time shall be strictly controlled within 8:00~20:00. Construction shall be stopped during lunch break (12:00~14:00) to ensure normal rest of residents at night. Besides adoption of necessary prevention and control measures to mitigate disturbance, the contractor shall also post announcements in housing estates. The residents are requested to understand and support so as to reduce incompatibility resulting from construction and benefit smooth progress of project. 2 (6) Construction personnel will rent local villager’s residences for lease. No field construction campsite is separately set up. (7) Based on weather conditions, the involved personnel must timely water the construction site to suppress dust. As for building materials thrown and scattered on the nearby roads, contractor in charge of construction in each bid section shall assign special personnel to timely clean so as to reduce pollution caused by raising dust to environmental air quality. 3. Environmental protection provisions on construction site preparation This project will not involve land acquisition; the temporary sites such as construction site and mixing site are set at the waste land or dry land with scarce plantation; the setting and use of temporary site would involve the ecological issues such as plantation damage, water and soil loss, influence on landscape, etc., and involve the influence on water environment, acoustic environment and atmosphere environment, so it needs to be carefully treated. (1) Common environmental requirements for selection of temporary construction sites ①Temporary sites shall be kept far away from rivers. It is usually prohibited to set up temporary sites within a range of 200m away from river bank; ②Types of land occupation: Temporary land shall be selected in wasteland or dry bottomland with sparse vegetation as much as possible; ③Less occupation of land: The area of temporary land occupied shall be strictly controlled. Farmland shall be occupied as little as possible. Temporary sites can be set up within the scope of land occupation of roads. Also, one parcel of land can be used for multiple purposes. For example, a parcel of land can be used as stockyard and also mixing yard. In addition, spoil ground shall be set up first and then mixing yard can be established based on construction sequence so as to reduce the area of land temporarily acquired. (2) Special environmental requirements for site selection of various temporary sites 3 Since different temporary sites have different environmental influences, the environmental requirements for site selection of different sites also differ: ①Stockyard: It shall be set up far away from residential area. It shall be selected along the downwind direction of perennial prevailing wind direction of environmental sensitive point. The distance shall be beyond 300m; ②Cement and concrete mixing yard: Cement and concrete mixing yard shall be set up 300m away from the downwind direction of perennial prevailing wind direction of environmental sensitive point. (3) Site survey shall be carried out ahead of time before entry into construction site. Specific position of construction site shall be reasonably arranged according to status quo of environment of the construction site. 4. Environmental protection provisions on society (1) Management of land acquisition ①Since permanent or temporary land occupation of the project results in reduction of local residents’ acreage under cultivation, decline of yield and reduction of income, the development organization shall timely offer relevant economic compensation to reduce the influence of the project on residents’ lives. As for young crops, crops, etc. on the acquired land, the compensation will be made according to yield of crops in current season; if no young crops are involved, compensation will be made according to actual input in current quarter. Land compensation fee shall be executed in strict accordance with relevant regulations including Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China and Rules of Implementation of Land Administration in Hunan Province. ②If land acquisition of the project is involved, the local government shall take charge of land acquisition work. The issue shall be settled after negotiation of land and resource administrative departments in each level and project towns. The development organization shall formulate reasonable land acquisition plan and execution scheme before commencement as well as pay land acquisition fee according to relevant policies and standards. 4 ③The principle of “a fixed sum is for a fixed purpose” must be implemented for the use of compensation fee which shall be timely distributed to relevant village groups and individuals as stipulated. Meanwhile, effective publicity approach shall be utilized to vigorously publicize relevant economic settlement compensation policy of the state. (2) Management measures against influence on farmland and water conservancy along the line ①Parallel operation shall be adopted during earth borrowing in construction. Excavation, leveling and protection shall be conducted simultaneously. Landscape reconstruction shall be timely carried out. ②Works involving relocation of farmland water channels and electric pump stations shall be constructed in non-irrigation period as much as possible in order to ensure unimpeded farmland water channels and prevent water and soil loss. Solid wastes in river channels shall be timely cleared after completion to ensure unimpeded river channels during irrigation period. (3) Management measures against influence on infrastructure including existing transportation ①As for all public facilities and structures influenced by the proposed project, the contractor shall take all proper measures to protect such facilities and structures during construction period of the proposed project. ②Protective measures shall be properly adopted to protect infrastructure within scope of roadbed including existing road, communication, electric power, and pipeline network facilities to prevent damages. ③The transport of raw and auxiliary materials or use of large machinery may damage local roads. Therefore, such roads shall be timely repaired during and after construction, or compensation fee shall be paid to local road administrative department for repair. ④The development organization shall properly make a transport plan. Road materials shall be transported beyond peak traffic hours of local roads in order to avoid causing traffic blockage and reduce traffic accidents. 5 ⑤As for excavation work close to public facilities, the contractor shall inform relevant department and invite representative from such department to be present during construction. (4) Environmental protection provisions on traffic ①Project construction in sections shall be adopted as much as possible and excavation and backfill work shall be completed within a period as short as possible. ②Construction methods shall be determined section by section based on project contents and scale. It is required to not only reduce investment but also ensure project quality. Construction method combining advancing and excavation shall be implemented to avoid traffic interruption and blockage. ③Signboards around construction points shall be properly set up in consideration of influence of construction on access of targeted groups. Special personnel are set up at the intersection to take charge of traffic dredging and assurance of pedestrians’ safety. ④The construction unit shall post relevant announcement in project construction area one week before project implementation to inform the residents of influence of project construction ahead of time and obtain their understanding. 5. Management provisions on protection of cultural relics and historic sites If cultural relics and historic sites are discovered or suspected during construction period, the construction unit shall immediately protect the scene and report to local cultural relics bureau to handle the matter according to Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China (December 29, 2007) and requirements of physical cultural resource policies of World Bank. The construction may be resumed after treatment of cultural relics bureau. The reporting procedures of cultural heritage are shown in Figure 5-1. If cultural relics and historic sites are discovered or suspected during construction process, the construction unit shall implement the followings: (1) Construction in the construction position where cultural relics are discovered 6 shall be immediately stopped and site protection shall be strengthened; (2) The contractor shall timely report to competent policy affairs and cultural relics department for authentication and handling; (3) Once the objects discovered are determined by experts as cultural relics, the scope of protection shall be immediately divided; (4) Cultural relics shall be rescued and excavated indeed due to demanding construction period or in case of danger of natural destruction; (5) Rescue and digging of cultural relics must be carried out by professionals using special equipment. The contractor shall not dig without authorization; (6) Once the objects are judged as major cultural relics findings, demonstration as whether the project shall be constructed in other place shall be carried out. Figure 5-1 Procedure diagram for handling of cultural relics discovered during construction period 7 6. Environmental protection provisions on noise pollution prevention and control The noise sources during construction period mainly includes mechanical noise generated by construction equipment such as excavator and blender as well as transport vehicles with sound level above 85dB(A). Influence of construction noise to different extents will be imposed within scope of 30m, 80m and 150m around construction site with or without shielding. The following measures are adopted to improve the acoustic environment quality of main protection objectives mentioned above. (1) Strengthen environmental quality on construction site and strictly execute stipulations set out in Noise Limits for Construction Site. In order to reduce the influence of construction on residents around, the construction time is stipulated as from 8:00 in the morning to 20:00 at night. During lunch break from 12:00 at noon to 14:00 in the afternoon, construction is prohibited. (2) Post construction announcements in housing estates around construction site and meanwhile clearly mark the construction team, which cannot only comfort the people and obtain their understanding but also supervise the construction party to benefit the completion of the project as scheduled. (3) In sensitive points such as school, the operation of high-noise equipment shall be implemented beyond school time; high-noise equipment shall not be operated during lunch break. During construction in areas around sensitive points such as schools, the operation time of high-noise equipment shall be shortened as much as possible. Low-noise machinery shall be adopted during selection of construction equipment and methods as much as possible. (4) Method of “centralization of force and construction section by section” shall be adopted to shorten construction period and lighten the influence of construction noise on acoustic environment in local sections. (5) In order to ensure the health of construction personnel, the construction unit 8 is recommended to reasonably arrange personnel’s working times according to Hygienic Standards of Noise of Industrial Enterprises to let the personnel operate construction machinery with high radiation and noise in turn so as to reduce the duration exposed to high noise. Meanwhile, the construction unit shall pay attention to machine maintenance and correct operation so as to maintain the noise of road building machine at the lowest sound level. Operators and relevant personnel are recommended to adopt individual protective measures such as wearing of earplugs and helmets. 7. Environmental protection provisions on atmospheric pollution prevention and control The main polluting factors of the proposed project influencing the environmental air during construction period include construction waste gases and raising dust. Waste gases mainly refer to tail gas exhausted by various kinds of construction machinery and transport vehicles; raising dust generated during construction period is mainly generated from site excavation and backfill, transport and handling of materials such as stone and cement, as well as road raising dust generated during construction work. Meanwhile, leveling of the site also generates a little quantity of raising dust. The main pollutant is TSP. (1) Raising dust pollution prevention and control measures During the period from foundation excavation to backfill and covering during construction period, the construction site shall be enclosed in order to prevent generation of raising dust from construction. Under the condition that it is continuously sunny and windy during construction, watering or green covering net shall be adopted at the temporary stacking and storage place of excavated earthwork for covering so as to prevent generation of raising dust. The construction unit shall timely dispose spoil as planned and use canvass to cover the carriage of trucks used to transport residual earth during loading (keep enclosed transport of vehicles) as well as carry out watering on transport route 9 without earth pavement. Meanwhile, it is required to avoid excavation of earthwork and handling of materials in windy days. The loading vehicles shall not be overloaded. Certain measures shall be adopted to ensure that the residual earth transport vehicles do not scatter materials along the journey. Before driving of vehicles, mud on the wheels shall be cleaned using sweeper to prevent falling of spoil along the journey to influence environmental tidiness. Meanwhile, clean-keeping system shall be implemented on construction road and spoil shall be timely cleaned if any. The construction unit shall strictly strengthen management and adopt proper measures to strictly control raising dust generated during construction period. In order to minimize the influence of construction project on surrounding environment during construction period, it is recommended to adopt the following prevention and control measures: ①Special personnel shall be allocated in construction work area to take charge of scientific management and civilized construction; measures shall be adopted during construction period to accelerate project progress as much as possible. Also, stonework and earthwork shall be timely transported to designated places to shorten the hazard period of stacking. ②The terrace on construction site must be hardened and concrete terrace shall be adopted if the condition allows. ③Watering keeps the work under certain humidity during excavation; loose and dry surface soil within construction site shall also be constantly watered to prevent dust; during backfill of earthwork, watering shall be properly conducted when the soil texture in the surface layer is dry to prevent raising dust. ④Strengthen the management of backfill earthwork stacking yard and formulate measures for earthwork surface compaction and regular water spraying and covering; mud and waste slag of building materials not needed shall be timely transported away and shall not be stacked for a long term. ⑤Earth transport trucks and building material transport trucks shall be equipped with spraying prevention devices as stipulated. The materials shall not be overloaded to ensure that they are not scattered during transport process; also operation routes 10 and time of transport vehicles shall be properly planned to avoid driving in sensitive areas such as traffic centralization area and residents’ residences. ⑥Over-canopy is added on transport vehicles. The loading and unloading place shall be flushed first to reduce spreading of mud carried by wheels and chassis on the pavement. ⑦Mud spread on the pavement during transport shall be timely cleaned to reduce raising dust during operation. ⑧Materials easily generating raising dust such as sand and cement stacked in the open air shall be covered with canvas and plastic cloth to prevent diffusion of raising dust. ⑨Road and vegetation on the site occupied by construction shall be timely recovered upon end of construction. ⑩Construction transport work shall be reasonably arranged. Transport of large components during construction work as well as abundant materials and spoils shall be transported beyond peak traffic hours so as to lighten traffic pressure. (2) Transport vehicle tail gas pollution prevention and control measures ①Construction machinery and vehicles under favorable operation conditions shall be selected and used. ②Fuel oil consuming construction machinery and vehicles shall be used under normal status to ensure standard emission of waste gases. ③Reasonably use equipment and strengthen maintenance and repair of equipment. 8. Environmental protection provisions on water environment influence (1) Materials such as cement and gravel shall be covered with tarpaulin during stacking and such materials shall not be stacked alongside river. Fence shall be set up when necessary to prevent flushing of such materials from flowing into the river together with rainfall runoff and causing pollution during rainy season or rainstorm. 11 (2) The waste slag during construction is prohibited to be dumped to river. Instead, it shall be transported to stipulated fill point or stipulated place for unified treatment. (3) Intercepting ditches shall be set up around machinery stacking yard in maintenance work area to prevent machinery oil dirt from flowing into surrounding environment with rainwater flushing and causing pollution during rainy days. Also, the sewage collected in intercepting ditches shall go through oil separation and sedimentation treatment before natural evaporation. Household garbage generated shall be properly managed, collected on a regular basis and transported to designated place for treatment. Meanwhile, maintenance work of machinery in maintenance work area shall be properly conducted to prevent pollution of machinery oil dirt. (4) Serious oil leakage of construction machinery shall be prevented. It is prohibited to discharge oily water generated by machinery during operation to nearby water bodies, or discharge oily water generated during repair of construction machinery to water body. (5) All project areas are located in rural area. Therefore, local villagers’ residences can be rented as construction camps. The domestic sewage of construction personnel during construction period will be collected through septic tanks in villagers’ residences and then used for fertilization to reduce environmental pollution. (6) The contractor shall not disturb natural flow of river channel, water channel or existing irrigation or drainage system without written consent of supervision engineer ahead of time in order to avoid the occurrence of scouring and sedimentation no matter what the demand is. 9. Environmental protection provisions on disposal of solid wastes Solid wastes generated during project construction period mainly include building garbage and household garbage. The main building garbage generated during construction period is inorganic 12 wastes, mainly including leftovers during construction such as abandoned stacked earth and concrete blocks. Also, a little quantity of organic wastes is included, mainly including various packing materials, abandoned old plastics and foams. These wastes are not easy to rot or dissolve and therefore the surrounding landscape and environmental quality may be influenced if they are not properly treated. In order to avoid the occurrence of such problems, the construction unit is required to classify and treat wastes generated from construction, demolition and site clearing. Materials that can be directly reutilized or recycled shall be classified, recycled and reutilized. The remaining materials may be timely cleared by relevant entrusted clearing and transport unit. Local digestion measures are adopted to return the earthwork and stonework excavated during construction to nature (they shall be properly filled and compacted). Household garbage generated during construction period is mainly organic wastes including leftovers and excrements. Such solid wastes will rot, become smelly and give birth to mosquitoes if they are stacked in construction area at will and not timely and effectively treated. If the situation is serious, it can induce various infectious diseases to affect construction personnel’s physical health. The household garbage generated during construction period of the proposed project will be centrally collected and then cleared and transported to refuse landfill. Leftovers will be collected and then used by farmer households to feed pigs, and excrements will be used for fertilization. 10. Environmental protection provisions on ecological environment (1) Vegetation protection measures ①Existing farmland and trees shall be properly protected. It is recommended to carry out relevant training of construction personnel before use of temporary land. Civilized work shall be emphasized during construction and damages beyond the work shall not be caused. Management shall be strengthened and trees and vegetation 13 within temporary land shall be strictly and properly protected to reduce damages of surrounding ecological environment in project areas. ②Construction, greening, slope protection and construction of drainage ditch shall be simultaneously implemented. It is strongly recommended to realize simultaneous use, leveling, greening and secondary ploughing. However, in consideration of feasibility, leveling and greening shall be emphasized after end of project. ③As for temporary land occupation, it shall be timely leveled and reclaimed or greening and land construction shall be conducted after end of project. ④Green vegetation beyond the scope of land shall be protected as much as possible. If the existing green vegetation is damaged due to construction of temporary works, it shall be recovered during demolition of temporary works. ⑤Area of vegetation damaged during project construction shall be strictly controlled. Besides unavoidable project land occupation and felling, no other form of man-made damage shall take place. ⑥Strengthen education of protection of natural resources and wild animals for construction personnel and stipulate in the employment contract that it is strictly prohibited to fell trees at will. (2) Cultivated land protection measures ①Unnecessary land occupation shall be reduced or avoided during construction as much as possible. Operation shall be carried out according to greening design requirements within scope of project land. ②Occupation of cultivated land shall be reduced as much as possible. Earth borrow and abandoning shall be combined with agricultural development planning and design and basic construction of farmland so as to provide conveniences for development of local economy and solving of local actual difficulties. ③Project greening shall carefully implement requirements of relevant policies. If it is cultivated land around the project, width of greenbelts shall be strictly controlled. (3) Greening measures 14 ①Plant protection measures in directly affected areas: There are several land types in directly affected areas, namely, cultivated land, waste slope (wasteland) and grassland. The greening principle in the directly affected areas is that the original land utilization types shall be recovered after completion of main works. Therefore, after completion of project, land remediation of cultivated land shall be carried out to reclaim the land to farmland; after completion of project, land remediation of waste slope and grassland shall be carried out to create forests mixing trees and shrubs or plant high-quality grass. ②Other greening measures for land occupation: It is mainly to recover farmland and vegetation damaged by place with earth borrowed. 11. Environmental protection provisions on construction site During site selection of the project, the following requirements shall be observed according to site selection requirements of construction site and based on actual circumstances of project. ① Rent villagers’ residences around project areas and set up household garbage collection points or garbage collecting cans. ② Construction personnel shall abide by local village regulations and nongovernmental agreements, implement civilized construction, and properly handle relationship with local residents. ③ Wastewater sedimentation tank is set up for setting of production site. After sedimentation, production wastewater is reused for construction work and is not discharged out. The domestic sewage is collected and treated in toilets of villagers’ residences and then used by local farmers for farmland fertilization. 12. Environmental protection provisions on construction safety The construction unit is responsible to abide by all national and local safety requirements as well as other measures capable of avoiding accidents to ensure safety 15 and health of construction personnel. (1) Occupational health and safety training shall be carried out to all construction personnel, and basic work rules and personal protection rules in construction place shall be introduced to them as well as that how to prevent injuries of other employees shall be noticed; (2) Fire-extinguishing equipment shall be equipped in construction place. Enough fire-extinguishing equipment shall be provided and maintained at any time to keep them under good working status. Besides, such equipment shall be put in places easy to get; (3) The construction unit shall ensure to provide eligible emergency rescue and allocate emergency rescue tools in construction place; written emergency handling procedure shall be formulated in remote places to facilitate the transfer of patients to proper medical organizations; (4) Correct signboard shall be suspended on devices, materials, safety measures and emergency exits of dangerous areas (distribution room, etc.); (5) If workers’ hands and arms are subject to vibration due to use of tools on their hands and power-driven tools, or the whole bodies of workers are subject to vibration due to standing or sitting on vibrating surfaces, damping cushion or device shall be installed through equipment selection to implement control over restriction of exposure time; (6) Place warning plates on all power-on electric devices and electric wires; check all electric wires, cables and power-driven tools on the hands, check if there is damaged or exposed electric wire, and determine maximum allowable working voltage of such tools according to the suggestions of manufacturers; carry out double insulation/grounding treatment of all power-driven equipment used in moist (or possibly moist) environment; (7) Provide all workers participating in or assisting welding work with proper eye protection tools (e.g. welding goggles and/or masks); (8) Guardrails (one middle bar and surrounding baffles) shall be installed at the 16 edge of vulnerable areas. Meanwhile, the construction personnel shall adopt fall preventive devices (including safety belt and distance restriction lacing wire); (9) The construction unit determines and offers proper individual protection equipment to construction personnel so as to fully protect workers themselves, other workers and occasional visitors. Besides, such equipment shall not bring unnecessary inconveniences to users; (10) The construction unit shall establish procedures and systems to report and record occupational accidents and diseases as well as dangerous conditions; (11) Carry out health education of construction, enhance face-to-face consulting work and encourage individuals to take protective measures; besides, the construction personnel are encouraged to use blocking methods such as mosquito repellent, clothes and mosquito net to avoid mosquito bites spreading diseases. 17 Appendix 2 Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Field Irrigation Facility Construction Environmental Protection Procedure Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of Hunan Agricultural Commission Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals 1 December 2016 2 Environmental Protection Procedure of Field Irrigation Facility Construction Farmland pollution comprehensive management project in Yongding District of Hunan Province is a project implemented on the basis of the severe status of farmland heavy metal contamination in Yongding District in order to improve the quality and safety of agricultural products and guarantee people’s life and health. In order to maintain the normal implementation of the project, use the clean and qualified irrigation water source during the project implementation, guarantee sufficient irrigation water quantity and provide assurance for the smooth implementation and expected effect of the project, the field irrigation facilities in the project area are transformed and improved. The construction contents of field irrigation facilities in Yongding District include: transformation of drainage canal and transformation of irrigation canal. reconstruction of drainage channels and irrigation channels 1. Bid invitation and bidding (1) The bidding documents shall make clear of environmental protection objectives of each sub-project as well as project contractor’s responsibilities and obligations for environmental protection objectives in project areas. Each environmental protection measure and suggestion put forward in environmental impact report already approved by environmental protection department shall be clearly specified in contract terms. (2) The contractor shall undertake the obligations for environmental protection in bid documents. Contractors contracting each sub-project shall promise to perform the obligation of environmental protection for environmental protection objectives involved in the project area. The construction organization design and plan conducted shall contain contents involving implementation of environmental protection measures. 1 (3) The ratio of amount of deposit annually budgeted and preserved by the contractor in project contract funds involving completion of environmental management shall take up approximately 3% of budgeted fund. If the measures adopted by the construction unit for environmental protection are ineffective, relevant environmental protection managers shall order the construction unit to rectify, and the environmental protection measures are still not implemented after rectification, the county PMO may impose a penalty on the construction unit and detain project funds as overdue fine for environmental protection as well as entrusts other unit to adopt environmental protection measures. 2. General provisions (1) The project owner shall assign specific personnel to take charge of handling environmental protection problems taking place during construction and operation period as well as handle environmental problems taking place between contractor and environmental protection objectives and supervise the implementation of various environmental protection measures during construction period. Besides, the contractor is required to assign at least one main administrative leader to take charge of environmental protection work so as to coordinate with the owner to jointly implement each environmental protection measure. (2) The project Owner is required to authorize qualified unit to implement the construction management and supervise & urge the construction unit to take various environmental protection measures. (3) The contractor shall optimize construction scheme and adopt the most advanced construction processes and implement scientific management as much as possible so as to improve construction progress under the precondition that the construction quality is ensured. Meanwhile, the contractor shall strengthen management and maintenance of construction equipment and avoid leakage of substances such as petroleum and building materials transported so as to reduce the 2 possibility of pollution of surface water pollution in project areas. (4) The owner shall take charge of compiling and printing materials publicizing environmental protection and distributing such materials to each contractor. Also, the owner shall carry out education of environmental protection of all construction personnel to improve environmental protection awareness of construction personnel. (5) It is strictly forbidden to stack or place muck at excavation or dump it to nearby rivers during construction period. The staff is strictly forbidden to discharge domestic sewage and household garbage to river. (6) During the construction process, advanced equipment shall be adopted as much as possible to reduce the disturbance of construction noise on normal lives and rest of residents around. Besides adoption of necessary prevention and control measures to mitigate disturbance, the contractor shall also post announcements in housing estates. The residents are requested to understand and support so as to reduce incompatibility resulting from construction and benefit smooth progress of project. (7) Construction personnel will rent local villager’s residences for lease. No field construction campsite is separately set up. (8) Based on weather conditions, the involved personnel must timely water the construction site to suppress dust. During work on construction site and construction of canal embankments, watering shall be timely conducted to reduce dust based on weather conditions. As for building materials thrown and scattered on the nearby roads, contractor in charge of construction in each bid section shall assign special personnel to timely clean so as to reduce pollution caused by raising dust to environmental air quality. (9) Consider the influence of the construction period on the farmland irrigation water on both banks when formulating construction plan to implement the transformation and construction of irrigation canal. Construction time should be selected as the non-irrigation period as far as possible and temporary water passageway should be constructed if necessary, so as to guarantee the farmland irrigation water. 3 3. Construction Site Management Measures This project will not involve land acquisition; the temporary sites such as construction site and mixing site are set at the waste land or dry land with scarce plantation; the setting and use of temporary site would involve the ecological issues such as plantation damage, water and soil loss, influence on landscape, etc., and involve the influence on water environment, acoustic environment and atmosphere environment, so it needs to be carefully treated. Project construction unit must abide by the following management measures in order to decrease the adverse impact in construction site to the minimum degree. (1) Work time Construction time should be from 8:00 AM to 20:00 PM. It is forbidden to implement construction at the noon break time from 12:00 in the noon to 14:00 in the afternoon. Meanwhile, night construction activity will be limited. If the night construction activities cannot be avoided, notice must be sent to the surrounding residents and related procedures should be handled, and necessary measures should be taken to reduce the influence on the residents. The in-out time of construction transportation vehicles must comply with the requirements of local government. (2) Soil borrow yard and soil (slag) spoil yard In accordance with the engineering characteristics of irrigation facilities involved in this project, soil borrow yard will not be arranged because it is unnecessary to borrow soil during the construction. Excavated materials will be allocated and transported reasonably during construction to realize “zero balance” of earth-rock works, so the soil spoil yard will not be arranged. (3) Waste water sedimentation tank is arranged in the construction site. Waste water resulting from construction activities will be reused for the construction after settlement without external discharge, and the domestic sewage will be externally transported by local residents to use as the farmland fertilizer after collecting from toilets. 4 (4) Public information platform ①Arrange construction nameplate at eye-catching locations to clarify the project name, site range, name of the Owner/Contractor/Engineer and supervision organization, name of project responsible person, commencement and completion time, supervision and complaint phone number, specific environmental protection measures, etc; ② Within 7 days prior to the planned commencement of the project, the construction unit should post the commencement notice letter in surrounding area of construction site, and this notice letter should include the project overview, construction plan, name of each responsible unit of the construction parties, name of project responsible person, complaint and report phone number, etc; ③ Night construction activities should be limited. In case of special circumstances, the influence of night construction activities on surrounding area should be controlled and notice should be sent to residents in advance to obtain the understanding of residents; ④Within 5 days prior to the service interruption (including water, electricity, communication, traffic, etc), the construction unit should post notice in the project site and the surrounding areas of the influenced residents and enterprises influence in order to notify them. (5) Prevention of accident risk Construction unit should prepare the accident prevention plan in advance and appoint the responsible person for the emergency accident, and should seek for assistance of related department upon occurrence of accident. (6) Personal safety and health Construction site should be isolated and enclosed, and traffic signboards and railings should also be provided to guarantee safety of pedestrians. Provide safety training and personal protection appliances for the construction personnel prior to the construction, and they are forced to use these appliances. Make sure that the materials containing asbestos or other toxic substances must be handled and processed the 5 particularly trained workers. Stop all works in case of storm or any emergency accident. (7) Forbidden items It is forbidden to fell trees at random outside of the approved construction area; it is forbidden to use any unapproved toxic substances, including the lead paint, asbestos, etc; it is forbidden to use open fire, and workers are forbidden to drink alcohol, etc. 4. Construction and Facility Management Measures in Construction Site 4.1 Management of Construction Materials Construction materials for this irrigation facility construction project mainly include the sand, stone, cement, quick lime, log, steels and bricks, etc. These construction materials will have different degrees of influence on the environment if they are not properly treated during the transportation, storage and utilization, so corresponding environmental prevention and treatment measures should be taken to minimize the influence. It is proposed to take the following management measures during the transportation, storage and utilization of construction materials for this irrigation facility construction project: (1) Vehicles should be the low-noise vehicles and strictly follow the daytime transportation shift system; strengthen the management to reduce the night transportation frequency under the abnormal working conditions; (2) Speed limit and control measure should be taken for the transportation vehicles, and the transportation vehicles shall slow down and travel slowly when passing through the environmental protection target (such as the hospital, residential area, school, etc); (3)Arrange the signboard to indicate the in and out of vehicles and vehicle drivers shall follow the principle of civilized driving to guarantee safe transportation; 6 (4) Powdery materials such as cement, lime, etc should be packed in cans or bags, and bulk transportation should be prohibited; the vehicles transporting aggregate and construction materials should be provided with anti-dropping devices, and the loading content should not be excessive to prevent wind blowing of materials. Dust scattering is strictly forbidden during transportation, so the materials must be covered with felt cloth. The transportation route and time should properly be planned to minimize the influence on the sensitive points of environment; (5) The stacking point of powdery materials should be more than 300m down the wind from the sensitive points of environment. Reduce the stacking quantity of powdery materials and use them in time. Take wind-proof and rain-proof measures during the stacking of materials, and railings should be provided if necessary. Spray water regularly to prevent dust raising, and felt cloth should be used in case of adverse weather conditions; (6) Construction vehicles must be regularly inspected and the damaged carriages should be repaired in time to minimize the dropping of construction materials during the transportation and occurrence of construction wastes; (7) Strengthen the delivery and use management of powdery materials, and spray water and clean the working faces easily causing the secondary dust raising. 4.2 Management of Construction Equipment Main construction equipment for this irrigation facility construction project includes the excavator, mixer, vibrator and rammer. Noise, tail gas and possible leakages of this equipment during the construction period will influence the environmental elements of the project area, so it is proposed to take the following management measures in order to minimize these adverse influences: (1) Construction equipment should be placed in the area divided according to the construction zone and it is not allowed to place this equipment randomly outside of the construction site, because this will increase the temporary land occupation area and destroy the vegetation and land. 7 (2) Construction equipment should be the low-noise equipment as far as possible; (3) Noise silencer should be installed at the equipment noise source location, which means that the silencer should be installation at the suitable location of inlet and outlet air pipes, such as various exhaust and venting devices. Meanwhile, the equipment can be placed on base to reduce the vibration or vibration attenuation support can be provided; (4) Fuel construction machines and vehicles must be used under the normal condition to guarantee that the exhaust gas is discharged after meeting the standard; (5) Use the equipment reasonably and strengthen the maintenance and repairing of equipment, so as to prevent the leakage phenomenon of equipment influencing the surface water environment, soil environment, etc in the project area. 5. Environmental Protection Rules in Construction Material Yard 5.1 Quarry The aggregate materials for the project construction are from the existing qualified quarry. The aggregate materials used for the construction of the irrigation facility construction project are purchased from the local aggregate plants with formal business license, but it is necessary to strictly manage and control the loading & unloading of aggregate, noise and dust occurred in the vehicle transportation and storage of aggregate materials in the construction site. 5.2 Prefabrication and Mixing Plant The irrigation and discharge canal for the irrigation facility construction project adopts the following construction sequence: placement of aggregate cushion + prefabricated concrete blocks + lining of canal + pointing construction. The prefabrication and mixing plant should be arranged nearby the construction points in accordance with the environmental characteristics along the irrigation canal and in combination with direction of the planned and designed canal. The noise and waste 8 curing water resulting from the mechanical mixing, vibrator’s vibration operation and curing by sprinkling will influence the surrounding acoustic environment and surface water environment. (1) Prefabrication and mixing plant should be 300m down the wind outside of the sensitive points of environment, and railings should be arranged if necessary; (2) Noise silencer should be installed at the equipment noise source location of mixer and vibrator, and meanwhile, the equipment can be placed on base to reduce the vibration or vibration attenuation support can be provided; (3) The waste curing water can be comprehensively reused after treatment in the temporary sedimentation tank; (4) The contractor is recommended to arrange construction personnel reasonably to reduce the operation time of high-noise machine operators, and the construction personnel can wear ear shield to reduce the influence on them. 6. Environmental protection provisions on society The transformation and construction of field irrigation facilities mainly influence the irrigation and water conservancy along the line, so the proposed management measures are as follows: (1) Parallel operation shall be adopted during construction excavation. Excavation, leveling and protection shall be conducted simultaneously. Landscape reconstruction shall be timely carried out. (2) In order to ensure unimpeded water channels in farmland and prevent water and soil loss, reconstruction of drainage and irrigation channels and construction of ecological intercepting ditch shall be arranged in non-irrigation period as much as possible. Solid wastes in river channels shall be timely cleared after completion to ensure unimpeded river channels during irrigation period. 9 7. Management provisions on protection of cultural relics and historic sites If cultural relics and historic sites are discovered or suspected during construction period, the construction unit shall immediately protect the scene and report to local cultural relics bureau to handle the matter according to Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China (December 29, 2007) and requirements of material cultural resource policies of World Bank. The construction may be resumed after treatment of cultural relics bureau. The reporting procedures of cultural heritage are shown in Figure 7-1. If cultural relics and historic sites are discovered or suspected during construction process, the construction unit shall implement the followings: (1) Construction in the construction position where cultural relics are discovered shall be immediately stopped and site protection shall be strengthened; (2) The contractor shall timely report to competent policy affairs and cultural relics department for authentication and handling; (3) Once the objects discovered are determined by experts as cultural relics, the scope of protection shall be immediately divided; (4) Cultural relics shall be rescued and dug indeed due to demanding construction period or in case of danger of natural destruction; (5) Rescue and digging of cultural relics must be carried out by professionals using special equipment. The contractor shall not dig without authorization; (6) Once the objects are judged as major cultural relics findings, demonstration as whether the project shall be constructed in other place shall be carried out. 10 Figure 7-1 Procedure diagram for handling of cultural relics discovered during construction period 8. Environmental protection provisions on noise pollution prevention and control The noise sources during construction period mainly includes mechanical noise generated by construction equipment such as excavator and blender as well as transport vehicles with sound level above 85dB(A). Influence of construction noise to different extents will be imposed within scope of 30m, 80m and 150m around construction site with or without shielding. The following measures are adopted to improve the acoustic environment quality of main protection objectives mentioned above. (1) Strengthen environmental quality on construction site and strictly execute stipulations set out in Noise Limits for Construction Site. In order to reduce the influence of construction on residents around, the construction time is stipulated as 11 from 8:00 in the morning to 20:00 at night. During lunch break from 12:00 at noon to 14:00 in the afternoon, construction is prohibited. (2) Post construction announcements in housing estates around construction site and meanwhile clearly mark the construction team, which cannot only comfort the people and obtain their understanding but also supervise the construction party to benefit the completion of the project as scheduled. (3) In sensitive points such as school, the operation of high-noise equipment shall be implemented beyond school time; high-noise equipment shall not be operated during lunch break. During construction in areas around sensitive points such as schools, the operation time of high-noise equipment shall be shortened as much as possible. Low-noise machinery shall be adopted during selection of construction equipment and methods as much as possible. (4) Method of “centralization of force and construction section by section” shall be adopted to shorten construction period and lighten the influence of construction noise on acoustic environment in local sections. (5) In order to ensure the health of construction personnel, the construction unit is recommended to reasonably arrange personnel’s working times according to Hygienic Standards of Noise of Industrial Enterprises to let the personnel operate construction machinery with high radiation and noise in turn so as to reduce the duration exposed to high noise. Meanwhile, the construction unit shall pay attention to machine maintenance and correct operation so as to maintain the noise of road building machine at the lowest sound level. Operators and relevant personnel are recommended to adopt individual protective measures such as wearing of earplugs and helmets. 9. Environmental protection provisions on atmospheric pollution prevention and control The main polluting factors of the proposed project influencing the environmental air during construction period include construction waste gases and raising dust. 12 Waste gases mainly refer to tail gas exhausted by various kinds of construction machinery and transport vehicles; raising dust generated during construction period is mainly generated from site excavation and backfill, transport and handling of materials such as stone and cement, as well as road raising dust generated during construction work. Meanwhile, leveling of the site also generates a little quantity of raising dust. The main pollutant is TSP. (1) Raising dust pollution prevention and control measures The construction unit shall strictly strengthen management and adopt proper measures to strictly control raising dust generated during construction period. In order to minimize the influence of construction project on surrounding environment during construction period, it is recommended to adopt the following prevention and control measures: ①Special personnel shall be allocated in construction work area to take charge of scientific management and civilized construction; measures shall be adopted during construction period to accelerate project progress as much as possible. Also, stonework and earthwork shall be timely transported to designated places to shorten the hazard period of stacking. ②The terrace on construction site must be hardened and concrete terrace shall be adopted if the condition allows. ③Watering keeps the work under certain humidity during excavation; loose and dry surface soil within construction site shall also be constantly watered to prevent dust; during backfill of earthwork, watering shall be properly conducted when the soil texture in the surface layer is dry to prevent raising dust. ④Strengthen the management of backfill earthwork stacking yard and formulate measures for earthwork surface compaction and regular water spraying and covering; mud and waste slag of building materials not needed shall be timely transported away and shall not be stacked for a long term. ⑤Earth transport trucks and building material transport trucks shall be equipped with spraying prevention devices as stipulated. The materials shall not be overloaded to ensure that they are not scattered during transport process; also operation routes 13 and time of transport vehicles shall be properly planned to avoid driving in sensitive areas such as traffic centralization area and residents’ residences. ⑥Over-canopy is added on transport vehicles. The loading and unloading place shall be flushed first to reduce spreading of mud carried by wheels and chassis on the pavement. ⑦Mud spread on the pavement during transport shall be timely cleaned to reduce raising dust during operation. ⑧Materials easily generating raising dust such as sand and cement stacked in the open air shall be covered with canvas and plastic cloth to prevent diffusion of raising dust. ⑨Road and vegetation on the site occupied by construction shall be timely recovered upon end of construction. ⑩Construction transport work shall be reasonably arranged. Transport of large components during construction work as well as abundant materials and spoils shall be transported beyond peak traffic hours so as to lighten traffic pressure. (2) Transport vehicle tail gas pollution prevention and control measures ①Construction machinery and vehicles under favorable operation conditions shall be selected and used. ②Fuel oil consuming construction machinery and vehicles shall be used under normal status to ensure standard emission of waste gases. ③ Reasonably use equipment and strengthen maintenance and repair of equipment. 10. Environmental protection provisions on water environment influence (1) Materials such as cement and gravel shall be covered with tarpaulin during stacking and such materials shall not be stacked alongside river. Fence shall be set up when necessary to prevent such materials from flowing into river together with 14 rainfall runoff and causing pollution during rainy season or rainstorm. (2) The waste slag during construction is prohibited to be dumped to river. Instead, it shall be transported to stipulated fill point or stipulated place for unified treatment. (3) Intercepting ditches shall be set up around machinery stacking yard in maintenance work area to prevent machinery oil dirt from flowing into surrounding environment with rainwater and causing pollution during rainy days. Also, the sewage collected in intercepting ditches shall go through oil separation and sedimentation treatment before natural evaporation. Household garbage generated shall be properly managed, collected on a regular basis and transported to designated place for treatment. Meanwhile, maintenance work of machinery in maintenance work area shall be properly conducted to prevent pollution of machinery oil dirt. (4) Serious oil leakage of construction machinery shall be prevented. It is prohibited to discharge oily water generated by machinery during operation to nearby water bodies, or discharge oily water generated during repair of construction machinery to water body. (5) All project areas are located in rural area. Therefore, local villagers’ residences can be rented as construction camps. The domestic sewage of construction personnel during construction period will be collected through septic tanks in villagers’ residences and then used for fertilization to reduce environmental pollution. (6) The contractor shall not disturb natural flow of river channel, water channel or existing irrigation or drainage system without written consent of supervision engineer ahead of time in order to avoid the occurrence of scouring and sedimentation no matter what the demand is. 11. Environmental protection provisions on disposal of solid wastes Solid wastes generated during project construction period mainly include 15 building garbage and household garbage. The main building garbage generated during construction period is inorganic wastes, mainly including leftovers during construction such as abandoned stacked earth and concrete blocks. Also, a little quantity of organic wastes is included, mainly including various packing materials, abandoned old plastics and foams. These wastes are not easy to rot or dissolve and therefore the surrounding landscape and environmental quality may be influenced if they are not properly treated. In order to avoid the occurrence of such problems, the construction unit is required to classify and treat wastes generated from construction, demolition and site clearing. Materials that can be directly reutilized or recycled shall be classified, recycled and reutilized. The remaining materials may be timely cleared by relevant entrusted clearing and transport unit. Local digestion measures are adopted to return the earthwork and stonework excavated during construction to nature (they shall be properly filled and compacted). Household garbage generated during construction period is mainly organic wastes including leftovers and excrements. Such solid wastes will rot, become smelly and give birth to mosquitoes if they are stacked in construction area at will and not timely and effectively treated. If the situation is serious, it can induce various infectious diseases to affect construction personnel’s physical health. The household garbage generated during construction period of the proposed project will be centrally collected and then cleared and transported to refuse landfill. Leftovers will be collected and then used by farmer households to feed pigs, and excrements will be used for fertilization. 12. Environmental protection provisions on ecological environment (2) Cultivated land protection measures ①Unnecessary land occupation shall be reduced or avoided during construction as much as possible. 16 It is mainly to recover farmland and vegetation damaged by place with earth borrowed. 12.1 Ecological resource protection and management measures (1) Reasonably optimize the arrangement of construction site, so as to minimize the range of construction activities and mitigate the degree of destruction to the vegetation due to the project construction; (2) The outsourcing construction materials such as stone, sand and cement, etc required for the project construction should be transported when using them, which can minimize the land occupation and destruction of vegetation. After the project completion, clear the construction site in time and take greening measures in construction site, so as to maximally recover the destroyed vegetation. (3) In accordance with the verification result of the construction site, temporary protection fences should be erected around the trees which are not chopped down or transplanted in construction site; (4) Other signs except for the identification tags should not be attached to the trees, and it is also not permitted to stack or store construction materials and park machinery and equipment around the trees protection zone; (5) Construct temporary interception ditch in construction site and flood diversion canal for the surface runoff canals which are destroyed by the project, so as to lead away the flood formed in wet season and avoid scouring of the project due to surface runoff; (6) Construction unit should minimize the temporary land occupation time under the precondition of guaranteeing the construction quality, control the construction time of earth works and maintain stable excavation and backfilling of side slopes, so as to mitigate the influence on the area outside of the project construction site. 17 12.2 Water and Soil Conservation Measures (1) Temporary measures During the foundation excavation of structures, backfilling of earthworks and stacking of aggregate materials required for construction, the temporary tarpaulin covering measures should be taken in order to prevent the wind-blowing erosion and water erosion. These temporary protection measures mainly include: temporary straw bags, tarpaulin covering, water sprinkling, etc. ① Tarpaulin covering In order to prevent wind-blowing erosion and water erosion, temporary tarpaulin covering measures should be taken for the exposed part of the slags in this temporary soil storage yard, and the tarpaulin covering material shall use the dense dust-proof screen. Removal of dust-proof screen (tarpaulin cover) should be commenced prior to the earth backfilling. Gradually roll up the dust-proof screen backwards starting from the location close to the foundation pit, and recover the screen when the earth backfilling is totally completed. ②Temporary fixing measures by using soil-loaded straw bag Dust-proof screen around the temporary soil storage yard should be fixed with the soil-loaded straw bags. Requirements to be follow in removal of straw bags: during the backfilling construction after the foundation concrete pouring of main buildings is completed, artificially remove the all-around straw bags starting from the opening location towards the two sides, continue to fill the soil in straw bags into the foundation pit and the straw bags can be recycled for reuse. ③Water sprinkling Sprinkle water in construction site for 1-2 times after the land treatment, and the surface soil crust with effective wind erosion resistance thickness can be formed when the soil infiltration degree is about 2cm, so as to facilitate the recovery of water and soil conservation function. (2) Engineering measures ①Unevenness leveling and backfilling: including the backfilling area and depth, 18 testing and determination of bulk density of backfilling materials and rolling compaction density, determination of backfilling and rolling method, and determination of possible sinking and its hazard prediction & protection measures; ②Plan the transportation route of backfilling materials and covering soil; ③Backfilling and utilization of concave pit: Take full advantage of the waste soil and stone slags in the backfilling of concave pit, and the pit should be leveled and the slags shall be completely removed after backfilling. The backfilling method should be determined according to the topography, construction conditions and areas, etc and it usually adopts the combined method of manual backfilling and mechanical backfilling. Bulldozer should be used for strip-shaped leveling and treatment when the leveling and treatment area is large, and the overlapping width between two strips should be 0.5m. For the smaller areas where the mechanical operation is impractical as well as the sides and corners where the machinery cannot be placed at desired location, the manual method should be used for leveling and treatment, and shovel should be used to backfill the concave pits within a depth of 0.3m in the leveling and treatment area when the manual method is selected. ④During the coarse leveling construction, firstly determine the main locations requiring backfilling in accordance with the topography & terrain characteristics and requirements on the backfilling height in the project area, and then use construction machines such as bulldozer to push the soil into the filling area of the concave pit. During the backfilling of concave pit, the aggregate with finer particle size should be placed at the bottom as far as possible, while the aggregate with larger particle size should be placed on the roof, and then the rolling and leveling operation can be started. After completing the coarse leveling and treatment, manual leveling and treatment should be adopted for the edges & corners of disturbed construction areas as well as the small concave pits resulting from the mechanical leveling and treatment, and shove, etc should be used for purpose of leveling and filling, so as to meet the design requirements on the leveling and treatment finally. (3) Vegetation measures 19 During the vegetation recovery in the construction area after the project completion, native species should be used to avoid introducing alien species. 13. Environmental protection provisions on construction safety The construction unit is responsible to abide by all national and local safety requirements as well as other measures capable of avoiding accidents to ensure safety and health of construction personnel. (1) Occupational health and safety training shall be carried out to all construction personnel, and basic work rules and personal protection rules in construction place shall be introduced to them as well as that how to prevent injuries of other employees shall be noticed; (2) Fire-extinguishing equipment shall be equipped in construction place. Enough fire-extinguishing equipment shall be provided and maintained at any time to keep them under good working status. Besides, such equipment shall be put in places easy to get; (3) The construction unit shall ensure to provide eligible emergency rescue and allocate emergency rescue tools in construction place; written emergency handling procedure shall be formulated in remote places to facilitate the transfer of patients to proper medical organizations; (4) Correct signboard shall be suspended on devices, materials, safety measures and emergency exits of dangerous areas (distribution room, etc.); (5) If workers’ hands and arms are subject to vibration due to use of tools on their hands and power-driven tools, or the whole bodies of workers are subject to vibration due to standing or sitting on vibrating surfaces, damping cushion or device shall be installed through equipment selection to implement control over restriction of exposure time; (6) Place warning plates on all power-on electric devices and electric wires; check all electric wires, cables and power-driven tools on the hands, check if there is 20 damaged or exposed electric wire, and determine maximum allowable working voltage of such tools according to the suggestions of manufacturers; carry out double insulation/grounding treatment of all power-drive equipment used in moist (or possibly moist) environment; (7) Provide all workers participating in or assisting welding work with proper eye protection tools (e.g. welding goggles and/or masks); (8) Guardrails (one middle bar and surrounding baffles) shall be installed at the edge of vulnerable areas. Meanwhile, the construction personnel shall adopt fall preventive devices (including safety belt and distance restriction lacing wire); (9) The construction unit determines and offers proper individual protection equipment to construction personnel so as to fully protect workers themselves, other workers and occasional visitors. Besides, such equipment shall not bring unnecessary inconveniences to users; (10) The construction unit shall establish procedures and systems to report and record occupational accidents and diseases as well as dangerous conditions; (11) Carry out health education of construction, enhance face-to-face consulting work and encourage individuals to take protective measures; besides, the construction personnel are encouraged to use blocking methods such as mosquito repellent, clothes and mosquito net to avoid mosquito bites spreading diseases. 21 Appendix 3 Hunan Integrated Management of Contaminated Agricultural Land in Yongding District with World Bank Loan Agricultural Activities Environmental Protection Procedure Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of Hunan Agricultural Commission Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals December 2016 1 Environmental Protection Procedure of Agricultural Activities 1 Environmental protection measures for lime application 1.1 Lime quality requirements Lime material selected in this project: It is a composite product comprising quick lime (CaO content>70%), limestone (CaO content>40%) and dolomite (CaO+MgO content>45% with ratio of 1:3. The quality indexes are required as follows: Fineness: Passing of 2mm standard sieve (10-mesh standard sieve) ≥80%; Mercury (Hg) content≤2 mg/kg; Cadmium (Cd) content≤3 mg/kg; Arsenic (As) content≤10 mg/kg; Lead (Pb) content≤50 mg/kg; Chromium (Cr) content≤50 mg/kg. 1.2 Lime transport (1) Bid invitation is adopted to ensure timely application. Public purchasing by invitation to bid is adopted for late rice according to normal procedure. After determination of bid winner, the bid inviter will sign quick lime powder product supply service contract with the bid winner and the bid winner shall transport the product to village groups where the project is conducted as scheduled with required quantity. (2) Waterproof cloth shall be adopted during transport to cover the lime and prevent spreading and overflow of lime during transport. 1 1.3 Protective measures for lime application (1) When using lime, the lime application personnel shall pay special attention to their safety protection. They shall wear masks, eyeshades (or goggles) and work clothes. After completion of lime application, they shall timely take showers and change cloths. (2) During process of lime application, even application shall be realized to prevent excessive local concentration. (3) During storage of lime, weather and moisture prevention shall be noticed. Lime shall not be stored for a long term. It shall be better used when received. Besides, lime shall not be simultaneously used with chemical fertilizers and pesticide. 1.4 Determination of application period In order to make it convenient for farmers to use, lime application shall be better carried out beyond busy season and high-temperature season. Period of lime application once every year shall be flexibly determined according to different planting systems. (1) Double cropping rice-slack winter season area: Lime is evenly applied in paddy field about 1 month before winter or transplanting of early season rice. Then, the paddy field shall be ploughed immediately or before transplanting of early season rice. (2) Double cropping rice-oilseed rape/green manure area: Lime is evenly applied in paddy field 2-3 days before oilseed rape straws or green manure is ploughed. Then, the paddy field shall be ploughed immediately to transplant early season rice. (3) Oilseed rape-single-season rice area: Lime is evenly applied in paddy field about 15 days before transplanting of middle-season rice after harvesting of oilseed rape. Then, the paddy field shall be ploughed immediately or before transplanting of middle-season rice. 2 (4) Tobacco-late-season rice area: Lime is evenly applied in paddy field in winter or about 1 month before transplanting of flue-cured tobacco. Then, the paddy field shall be immediately ploughed. 1.5 Other attentions (1) During top dressing of lime, there shall be no water on the standing grain leaves. In other words, lime shall not be applied in the morning when there is dew or after rain, or under the weather condition of big wind. (2) During application of lime, organic fertilizer shall be applied as coordination. (3) Lime shall not be mixed with chemical fertilizers especially ammonium nitrogen and thoroughly decomposed excrements and urines of people and livestock during application to avoid loss of nitrogen fertilizer. (4) Lime shall not be mixed with trace elements such as boric fertilizer so as to prevent the reduction of effectiveness of lime. 2 Environmental protection measures for application of leaf surface controlling agent and soil conditioner 2.1 Selection of leaf surface controlling agent Silicon-containing and water-soluble fertilizers already applied in rice and registered in Ministry of Agriculture with cadmium blocking effect above 30% are selected according to Guiding Opinion on Standardization Heavy metal contamination Repair Products of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Cultivated Land in 2015 and Service Technical Quality Requirements. The specific quality indexes are shown as follows: Water: Water-soluble silicon (Si) content≥70g/L; water-insoluble matter content ≤10 g/L Powder: Water-soluble silicon (Si) content≥10%; water-insoluble matter 3 content≤5% Mercury (Hg) content ≤5 mg/kg; Arsenic (As) content ≤10 mg/kg; Cadmium (Cd) content ≤10 mg/kg; Lead (Pb) content ≤50 mg/kg; Chromium (Cr) content ≤50 mg/kg｡ 2.2 Selection of soil conditioner (1) Use of industrial waste as passivation restorative agent shall be avoided as much as possible so as to avoid bringing new secondary pollution to farmland soil or destroy soil structure as well as its physical and chemical properties and environmental quality. (2) Soil conditioner already applied in rice and registered by Ministry of Agriculture shall be selected. (3) Soil conditioner shall be applied in strict accordance with product description. Excessive application shall be prevented. 2.3 Temporary storage requirements A specific indoor warehouse is set up to temporarily store leaf surface controlling agent and soil conditioner. The temporary storage warehouse shall resist rain, wind and seepage. 3 Environmental protection measures for application of organic fertilizers 4 3.1 Selection and use of commercial organic fertilizers The heavy metal contents of commercial organic fertilizers must be lower than the standards stipulated in Organic Fertilizers (NY525-2012). The specific indexes are shown as follows: (1) Technical indexes: Mass fraction of organic maters (calculated as per dried basis): 45; Mass fraction of total nutrient (nitrogen + phosphorus pentoxide + potassium oxide) (calculated as per dried basis): ≥5.0; Mass fraction of moisture (fresh sample): ≤30; Potential of hydrogen (PH): 5.5-8.5 (2) Metal indexes: Total arsenic (As) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤15 mg/kg; Total mercury (Hg) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤2 mg/kg; Total lead (Pb) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤50 mg/kg; Total chromium (Cr) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤150 mg/kg; Total cadmium (Cd) (calculated as per dried basis) ≤3 mg/kg｡ (3) Bacterial indexes Roundworm ova death rate and number of fecal coliforms shall comply with requirements raised in NY884. 3.2 Attentions during application of organic fertilizers (1) Use of commercial organic fertilizers is promoted. Commercial organic fertilizers already passing field test, confirmed as safe through secondary pollution evaluation, and certified and registered by relevant certification organization shall be selected. (2) The contents of elements in organic fertilizers applied including Cd, As, Hg, Pb and Cr shall be lower than standards stipulated in Organic Fertilizers 5 (NY525-2012) (3) If manure of livestock and poultry is used as organic fertilizer, the feeds used to feed livestock and poultry must comply with requirements of Hygienic Standard for Feeds (GB 13078-2001). (4) As for livestock’s excrements generated by surrounding farmer households in breeding industry, PMO shall strengthen supervision. Excrements generated by breeding industry without detection or exceeding standard during monitoring shall not be delivered to farmland in order to prevent bringing new heavy metal contamination. (5) Attentions to use of bio-organic fertilizers ①The bio-organic fertilizers shall not be applied to a very deep earth layer. It is suitable to apply the bio-organic fertilizers at a place of 10-15cm below the surface. ② During application, bio-organic fertilizers shall be not mixed with single chemical fertilizer. Since single chemical fertilizer has singular ingredients and the pH value differs, if it is abundantly applied, the biological activity of bio-organic fertilizers will be inevitably compromised. Therefore, bio-organic fertilizers shall be better separately applied. ③The proportioning of bio-organic fertilizer, farm manure and DAP compound fertilizer shall be reasonable. When they are selected and used, they shall be calculated first and then scientific proportioning shall be carried out before application. 4. Environmental protection measures against agricultural package wastes (1) Strengthening publicity and enhance farmers’ environmental protection awareness Since farmers are the subjects using agricultural means of production and agricultural package wastes, it is required to strengthen technical training of scientific use of pesticide and other agricultural products for the farmers and enable them to get 6 to know the hazards of agricultural package wastes to agricultural production and environment and enhance their environmental protection awareness. Also, the farmers shall be educated not to abandon agricultural films at will and to collect and take away agricultural package wastes. (2) Implementing centralized collection and avoiding storage at will Agricultural package waste collection points are set in each project area. Farmers are required to waste agricultural films, pesticide and agricultural packages already used up in collection points. Meanwhile, they shall contact with agricultural package recycling station of Yongding District and transport agricultural package wastes in the collection points to the recycling station on a regular basis. (3) Strengthening management and ensuring transfer treatment PMO shall strengthen management and supervise the collection and transfer work of agricultural package wastes to ensure that all such package wastes in project areas are transported to agricultural package recycling station of Yongding District that shall recycle such wastes or entrust a qualified unit to treat such wastes. 5. Environmental protection measures for removing straw from farmland (1) Given the fact that Yongding District boasts mountains and forest land, concentrated collection and cropland to forest on the spot should be carried out to dispose and utilize the straw. (2) PPP mode is adopted. The PMO shall arrange a part of expense; forestry company or cooperative procure and dispose in a unified and concentrated way so as to gain profits and maintain the routine operation of the project. (3) Incentive mechanism is adopted as motivate and subsidize farmland operators or professional harvesting cooperatives and to change harvesting model (semi-feeding harvesting to ensure overall straw relocation and utilization) and increase crushed grass bundling method (bundling machine can be purchased for 7 harvesting) to realize relocation of crop straws from farmland in project areas. (4) PMO shall strengthen supervision to ensure that straws are smoothly transported out of the farmland and properly disposed. 6. Environmental protection measures for management and control of standard-exceeding rice in the husk (1) PMO shall strengthen supervision and entrust relevant unit with relevant detection qualification to detect the rice in the husk in project areas on a regular basis and avoid entry of standard-exceeding rice in the husk in project areas to grain ratio market. (2) As for rice with cadmium content＞0.2mg/kg, , it will be used as raw material for liquor making after a purchase and sales contract is signed with companies like Zhangjiajie Guangyuan Wine Industry Co., Ltd. (4) Stillage, a by-product during wine brewing, shall be detected. If complying with the standard of Hygienic Standard for Feeds (GB 13078-2001), it can be used as feed. Otherwise, it shall be dried and then transported to refuse landfill for sanitary landfill. 8 1