RESILIENT RECOVERY Quicker, more effective, and better-coordinated GFDRR’s Resilient Recovery program is involved in every major disaster, helping affected countries assess damage as well as economic losses and needs, plan for recovery, and be better prepared to respond in the future. From hurricanes in the Caribbean to earthquakes in Nepal, the program has a record of supporting governments to rebuild lives and create a safer future through resilient recovery. And the program works with the disaster-prone countries before events in order to enhance their readiness for post-disaster recovery. This is achieved in close coordination with the United Nations, the European Union, and the World Bank, a partnership that has produced guides and tools for conducting post-disaster needs assessments (PDNAs) and developing disaster recovery frameworks (DRFs). OUR GOAL Ensure that countries have the capacity to quickly and $6.5+ billion effectively implement resilient recovery with coordinated in recovery and reconstruction funding support from the international community. leveraged by GFDRR since 2012. WHAT WE DO Help governments strengthen recovery systems prior 50+ countries received GFDRR to a disaster to enable a quicker and resilient post- support in quicker, more resilient recovery. disaster recovery. Facilitate the assessment of damage, losses, and recovery needs after disasters. Millions Support governments in planning, financing, and of people a year are reached implementing a recovery program. by the program, depending on the scale of natural disasters. Develop and disseminate knowledge to strengthen the capacity of key stakeholders. Published November 2017 1 OUR APPROACH Quicker Recovery Promoting Leveraging Finance There is often a significant delay Contingent Financing for Recovery between when a disaster strikes and The lack of available financing is a The Resilient Recovery program when recovery begins. During this key factor in delaying the start of helps countries leverage financing for period, people and economies suffer. recovery. recovery. The program seeks to accelerate the pace of recovery through improved To address this constraint, the Since 2012, the program has helped assessment and planning procedures, program is helping the World Bank raise over $6.5 billion from the World strengthening of recovery systems, and its client countries to quickly Bank and comparable resources from and provision of contingent financing. mobilize financial resources from other international partners. The the existing portfolio of projects, and support provided enhances the clients’ to have accelerated disbursement ability to muster the external financial Assessing Needs and procedures in place for financing resources often needed to implement Planning Recovery recovery priorities (see box on p. 4–5). an effective post-disaster recovery. The program spearheads the World Bank’s post-disaster engagement Partnerships for by serving as the focal point for More Effective Recovery Coordinated Recovery PDNAs and other government-led Post-disaster recovery needs to be The Resilient Recovery program assessments of damages, economic quicker – but it also needs to be supports coordination between the losses, and needs that also outline a efficient, and enable countries to World Bank, the UN, and the EU, recovery strategy. “build back better.” in close consultation with national governments. To speed up this critical step, the By providing tools and resources program has developed an innovative for planning, financing, and The aim is to ensure clear lines rapid assessment methodology that implementing resilient recovery, of communication and a shared significantly reduces the time and and by helping to leverage financial approach during the potentially effort needed to assess damages. resources, the Resilient Recovery chaotic post-disaster period. The three It also can contribute to a PDNA or program helps ensure that recovery agencies adopted a 2008 declaration, serve as a substitute for events that is both faster and more efficient. putting in place standard protocols do not warrant one that is full-scale. for post-crisis responses that bring This method uses technology, such all operations, from assessment to as remotely sensed data and social Developing and recovery, under the leadership of the media analytics, and has routinely Sharing Knowledge affected country’s government. been used for conflict zones, where Access to tools and guidance on access is difficult (see p. 6). good practice can help planners and The program also supports other practitioners improve the impact of coordination efforts such as the Global recovery investments. Preparedness Partnership, which Strengthening seeks to bring vulnerable countries Recovery Systems The program generates new to a minimum degree of readiness The program offers technical knowledge by producing sectoral to respond to emergencies. Specific assistance to disaster-prone and thematic recovery guidance partnerships for coordination also countries to improve their notes, country case studies, and exist with the Africa-Caribbean-Pacific preparedness to address post- specialized guidance on important Secretariat, the International Recovery disaster challenges. themes. It has produced, for Platform, UNDP, and UNISDR. example, a guide for local actors This is done by helping countries involved in rebuilding, and a study on The program sponsors the World to develop disaster recovery civil protection systems around the Reconstruction Conference (WRC) in frameworks (see p. 7), as well as world. This and other information are order to bring stakeholders together for programs that build the capacity of made available online through the coordination and knowledge sharing. vulnerable countries and regional Recovery Hub (see box on p. 4). The WRC is also an opportunity to organizations to conduct post- highlight emerging issues such as disaster assessments. disasters in fragile and conflict-affected situations (see p. 6). 2 Supporting Recovery in Nepal GFDRR’s program approach was used following the devastating 2015 earthquakes in Nepal by providing immediate financial and technical assistance to begin post-disaster recovery coordination. Accelerating the Recovery Process The program provided critical advisory and technical support for recovery and reconstruction, assisting the government in carrying out a comprehensive PDNA, which involved officials from all government ministries spanning 23 sectors, and which was completed in a record six weeks. Making Recovery More Effective The PDNA estimated damage at $5.15 billion, losses at $1.9 billion, and recovery needs at $6.7 billion — about a third of Nepal’s economy. These findings, which were presented at the International Conference for Nepal’s Reconstruction, helped the government secure pledges of $4.4 billion toward its recovery and reconstruction needs. It also led to a World Bank-financed Earthquake Housing Reconstruction Project of $200 million that is rebuilding 55,000 homes (see box). Ensuring Coordination The program facilitated the World Bank’s close collaboration with the UN, EU, and other development partners to provide streamlined support to the government on resilient recovery and reconstruction planning, and helped develop a Disaster Recovery Framework (DRF). The Resilient Recovery program’s efforts in Nepal benefited from synergy with other GFDRR initiatives, such as the Global Program for Safer Schools. The programs collaborated to assess some 5,000 schools in the country and advised the government on the reconstruction of education infrastructure. “Our house collapsed completely when the earthquake struck. They are giving us financial aid and that is why we have started building the house now. Once we started, we thought it better to build a concrete house. I started it as I thought it would be better to take loan and invest in a concrete house rather than the one with the old structure. Hopefully, the new house will be able to protect us from the earthquake. The engineers have helped us build the house. I think everyone is happy that they are receiving the money to build their houses. As for me, it is very difficult to get by. The children have to be educated but no matter how hard it is, having a house is essential and therefore I have taken on this task. —Rukmedi Adhikari, a beneficiary of the Earthquake Housing Reconstruction Project, Thansingh, Nepal 3 ACTIVE ENGAGEMENTS ENGAGEMENT LEVEL $500,000 and less $500,100–$1,500,000 $1,500,100+ HAITI DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA DOMINICA JAMAICA SIERRA LEONE PERU Recovery Hub Government officials, sectoral decision-makers, and their partners need access to clear and smart guidance to recover from a disaster quickly and effectively. Sectors include housing, health, social protection, education, and transport are often significantly impacted by natural disasters, resulting in specific damages, operational losses, and recovery needs. GFDRR has launched a Recovery Hub (gfdrr.org/recoveryhub), a web- Contingency Financing based ‘one-stop shop,’ that addresses this need by hosting a set of guidance notes, references, The Resilient Recovery program is working with teams and project documents on disaster recovery for from across the World Bank to integrate into their projects governments and key development sectors as well innovative financial tools that provide vulnerable countries as cross-cutting themes. with swift access to financial support in case of major emergencies. These tools help countries improve their gfdrr.org/recoveryhub contingency planning and readiness for future emergencies by developing their capacity to activate contingent financing in an 4 BELARUS SERBIA KYRGYZ REPUBLIC LEBANON BHUTAN IRAQ JORDAN EGYPT NEPAL LAOS SAUDI ARABIA MYANMAR INDIA VIETNAM YEMEN KIRIBATI SOMALIA PHILIPPINES SEYCHELLES INDONESIA FIJI TONGA Next Steps »» The program assists up to eight countries each year to assess damages, losses and recovery needs, and helps prepare a disaster recovery framework. In addition, it emergency. For example, in the event of a crisis, one financing will continue work in three countries (Malawi, Nepal, and mechanism allows rapid reallocation of uncommitted funds Sri Lanka) to strengthen recovery systems this year. from Bank-financed projects to finance urgent needs and physical, economic, and social recovery. Through these »» It helps shape the international dialogue through financial instruments, countries can gain almost-immediate high-profile events such as the Global Platform for access to bridge financing needs for a quicker, more effective Disaster Risk Reduction and the World Reconstruction recovery and early reconstruction following an emergency like Conference. The program also supports a community a natural disaster. of practice on resilient recovery within and outside the World Bank. 5 Supporting Recovery In Ukraine, GFDRR supported the completion of the first in Fragile and Conflict phase of the Eastern Ukraine Recovery and Peacebuilding assessment in just six weeks. The assessment identified $1.5 Situations billion in initial recovery, reconstruction, and peacebuilding needs, and provided recommendations in three areas: More than half of all people affected by natural disasters live restoring critical infrastructure and services; improving access in fragile or conflict-affected states, making the link between to economic livelihoods; and strengthening social resilience, disasters and fragility critical in resilient recovery efforts. In initiating reconciliation, and peacebuilding. GFDRR’s Rapid a growing area of support, Resilient Recovery is increasingly Assessment Methodology was used, and will help inform tailoring its proven post-disaster assessment methodology recovery and reconstruction projects in the region once and expertise to complex conflict and fragile situations. It has hostilities sufficiently subside for positive engagement. provided technical assistance for assessments in Iraq, Syria, Ukraine, Yemen, West Bank and Gaza, and Boko Haram- Such assessments not only expand GFDRR’s support affected areas of Nigeria. capacity to respond to clients suffering from crisis beyond natural hazards, but also innovate methodologies that In Syria, GFDRR supported the World Bank to conduct a leverage recent advancements in technology through remote preliminary damage assessment. Using estimations derived sensing and social media analytics. from satellite imagery and social media analytics, the team developed a watching brief that surveyed seven sectors in six cities — Aleppo, Dar’a, Hama, Homs, Idlib, and Latakia. As an outcome of GFDRR’s recent engagement The assessment techniques and innovative methodology in fragile and conflict situations, existing World pioneered by this activity informed a subsequent damage Bank partnerships have been strengthened, appraisal in Iraq that was conducted through GFDRR support and new alliances built, with a variety of actors in a record time of ten days. working on development and humanitarian efforts in the world’s most vulnerable countries. Philippines On November 8, 2013, Typhoon Haiyan made landfall in the Philippines with the full impact of a maximum category 5 storm. More than 6,000 people were reported dead, millions were displaced, and damage and losses totaled nearly $13 billion. GFDRR provided advice on core principles for reconstruction, with specific technical guidance in areas such as shelter assistance during recovery. This helped the government develop an initial reconstruction plan in an unprecedented five weeks after the disaster. In coordination with partners, GFDRR also launched a PDNA that sought feedback from affected communities on priority areas to fast track recovery. This “bottom up” approach served as a baseline for local funding requirements. As part of the Recovery Framework, the program also advised on the development of Filipino legal and institutional framework for strengthening the government’s recovery systems. The review examined the adequacy, effectiveness, and appropriateness of policies and institutional structures. In addition to supporting resilient recovery, GFDRR has long supported the Philippines in a range of resilience measures such as risk reduction and risk insurance. DOMINIC CHAVEZ/WORLD BANK 6 DRF Guide Structure A New Framework to Help 1 Prepare Countries for Establishes the link between the PDNA, or similar disaster assessment, and the DRF. Resilient Recovery In 2014, GFDRR—in partnership with the EU, the UN 2 Development Program, and the World Bank— launched the Describes the guiding recovery principles, good practices, Guide to Developing Disaster Recovery Framework (or DRF and key results associated with developing programs for Guide). The guide not only helps governments create disaster integrated, cross-sectoral disaster recovery. recovery frameworks to facilitate a smooth recovery process, 3 but also aims to improve resilience for the future. A dynamic document, the guide incorporates new lessons learned from recovery efforts. It has also gleaned recovery Describes good practices and key results associated experiences from eight country case studies—Bangladesh, with the development of effective institutional Haiti, Lao PDR, Mozambique, Pakistan, Philippines, Senegal, structures, leadership and human resources— and Yemen—and from other good practices from around for overseeing, managing, coordinating, and the world. Additional expansions of the document include implementing reconstruction. thematic notes that provide detailed guidance on specific 4 sector or context. The guide is unique in that it offers a flexible methodology Concentrates on the major financing challenges of that countries can adapt to their own context in order to post-disaster reconstruction. These challenges include create a national framework that will help them rebuild and quickly quantifying the economic and financial costs recover. Over the past two years, Fiji, Malawi and Nepal have of the disaster, developing reconstruction budgets, all used the guide to help organize disaster-recovery efforts. identifying sources of financing, and setting up the mechanisms to manage and track funds. 5 After the 2015 floods in Malawi, the government used it to develop their National Disaster Recovery Framework, which has Supplies the background information required to guided the rehabilitation of 838 km of roads, ensure that program implementation is effective, the planting of 276 hectares of forest, the equitable, timely, and working toward building back a restoration of 626 hectares of irrigation better future. schemes, and the targeting and distribution 6 of 36,942 metric tons of maize. Examines various reforms and improvements to The positive recovery-planning experience in Malawi was institutional and legislative arrangements that can be recognized at the International Recovery Forum in early 2016. developed and implemented in advance of disasters. 7 GFDRR Engagement Notes Resilient Recovery www.gfdrr.org/resilient-recovery Contact Josef Leitmann jleitmann@worldbank.org The Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) is a global partnership that helps developing countries better understand and reduce their vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change. GFDRR is a grant-funding mechanism, managed by the World Bank, that supports disaster risk management projects worldwide. Working on the ground with over 400 local, national, regional, and international partners, GFDRR provides knowledge, funding, and technical assistance. Published November 2017