March/2015 100399 EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA DEMOGRAPHICS LIVING BELOW US$ 2.50 LIVING BETWEEN US$ 2.50- 5.00 LIVING ABOVE US$ 5.00 GENDER AT A GLANCE POPULATION BY AGE AND POVERTY STATUS (MILLIONS), 2012 Source: World Bank ECATSD using ECAPOV. ALBANIA 65-older 55-64 45-54 GNI per capita (Atlas Method, US$)1 4,710 (2013) 35-44 Population living below US$2.50 2 7% (2012) 25-34 Population living below US$5.00 2 47% (2012) 15-24 GNI per capita loss due to gender gaps in the 20% (2012) 0-14 labor market 3 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 Most recent…. Women Men Government Gender Action Plan 2011-2015 Country Gender Assessment 4 2015 (Forthcoming) WOMEN Source: 1 WDI. 2 World Bank ECATSD using ECAPOV. EDUCATION 3Teignier, Marc and David Cuberes (2015). "How Costly are Labor MEN Gender Gaps? Estimates for the Balkans and Turkey." World Bank. 4 World Bank. SHARE OF TERTIARY GRADUATES BY AREA OF STUDY (%), 2012 Source: World Bank Gender Statistics. Education MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL PROGRESS Humanities and arts Ratio of girls to boys in primary 96 (2002) education Health Ratio of girls to boys in secondary Science 96 (2001) education Social science, business and law Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary 153 (2002) 132 (2012) Agriculture education Engineeri ng, manufacturing and construction Share of women in wage employment 32% (2002) 37% (2012) Servi ces in the non-agricultural sector 0% 50% 100% Proportion of seats held by women in 6% (2002) 21% (2015) national parliament Source: World Bank Gender Statistics, Inter Parliamentary Union. JOBS AGRICULTURE SERVICES INDUSTRY GLOBAL INDICES Score Max Rank Year SECTOR SHARE OF EMPLOYMENT BY SEX (%), 2010 WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM Source: World Bank Gender Statistics. Global Gender Gap Index 0.6869 1 83/142 2014 UNDP Female Gender Inequality Index 0.2450 0 44/152 2013 OECD Social Institutions & Gender Index 0.2476 0 74/108 2014 EU Male Gender Equality Index - 100 - 2013 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% WOMEN MEN EMPLOYMENT BY AGE GROUP (%), 2012 Source: World Bank ECATSD using ECAPOV. 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 The constitution of Albania guarantees equality for men and women before the law. Men and women have equal ownership LEGAL FRAMEWORK and inheritance rights to property. The default marital property regime is partial community of property. There are no laws restricting the industries in which women may work. Women are entitled to 1 calendar year of maternity leave with 65% of wages paid. The law guarantees pregnant and nursing women workplace protections from dismissal; however, they are not guaranteed placement in an equivalent position when they return from maternity leave nor rights to a flexible schedule. The law stipulates public provision of childcare for children under the age of primary educa- tion. The age at which men and women can retire and receive full benefits is 65 and 60, respectively. There is legislation that specifically addresses domestic violence that in- cludes emotional, financial, physical, and sexual abuse. Source: Women, Business, and the Law (2013). PERCEPTIONS Roma Non-Roma ROMA POPULATION Educational expectation for boys/girls (16+)… For boys For girls For boys For girls Primary education 4% 8% 4% 0% Roma Non-Roma Lower secondary education 29% 32% 6% 7% KEY INDICATORS Male Female Male Female Upper secondary education 42% 39% 24% 24% Literacy Rate (16+) 68% 62% 97% 93% Gross enrollment rate Post-secondary education 24% 21% 66% 68% Roma Non-Roma (upper-secondary education 16-19) 17% 10% 65% 55% Believe it is somewhat or fully acceptable… Male Female Male Female Average years of education (25-64) 4.6 4.2 9.7 9.5 For a man to slap his wife 46% 43% 25% 28% Employment rate (15-64) 59% 25% 60% 31% For a wife to slap her husband 30% 23% 18% 18% Unemployment rate (15-64) 16% 34% 15% 23% Felt discriminated against because of… POVERTY Roma Non-Roma Ethnicity 43% 43% 2% 3% Poverty PPP$2.15 expenditures based 8% 3% Gender 9% 19% 4% 5% Poverty PPP$4.30 expenditures based 36% 18% Source: UNDP/WB/EC Roma survey for Albania (2011). Europe & Central Upper Middle KEY INDICATORS Male Albania Female Male Asia Female Male OECD Female Income Male Female Year* Endowments: Education, Health, and Demographics Gross pre primary enrollment (% of relevant age group)1 69 69 78 77 69 69 2012 Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 102 102 102 101 119 115 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group)1 84 80 100 98 98 98 87 89 2008 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 48 63 57 69 65 77 31 37 2012 Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and above) 1 98 96 99 99 96 92 2011 Labor force with tertiary education (% of relevant group) 1 26 32 26 31 Life expectancy at birth (years)1 74 80 73 80 77 83 72 76 2012 Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1 - 21 - 18 - 21 - 57 2013 1 - 1.8 - 1.7 - 1.8 - 1.9 2012 Fertility rate (births per woman) Access to Economic Opportunity Labor participation rate (% of population ages 15-64)1 74 52 78 63 79 62 82 62 2013 Unemployment (% of labor force) 1 17.6 13.8 9.7 9.5 8.0 8.0 6.0 5.7 2013 Youth unemployment (% of population ages 15-24)1 32.0 24.1 21.7 22.4 17.5 17.2 14.2 16.0 2013 Self-employed (% of employed men/women) 1 52 63 22 16 18 13 2010 2 Employment rate of persons ages 25-49 with a child under 3 living in household Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms)1 - 13 - - - 2013 Gender pay gap (in average monthly earnings, % of men's wages, unadjusted) 2 - 12 - 23 - - 2009 Account at a formal financial institution (% age 15+)1 34 23 73 66 86 80 62 53 2011 1 Land owners (% of adult population) Agency Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 3 - 21 - 20 - - 2015 Share of women among members of municipal councils or other local area governing - 12 - 31 - - 2011 2 bodies Firms with female top managers (%)1 - 12 - - - 2013 Proportion of women in ministerial level positions (%) 1 - 30 - 21 - 27 - 15 2014 Percentage agreeing that a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife4 36 30 2009 Women who have experienced physical and/or sexual violence by a partner and/or non- - - - - partner since the age of 15 5 *Indicates year of country data. All benchmarking data is from the most recent available year. Source: 1 World Bank Gender Statistics. 2 UNECE. 3 Inter-Parliamentary Union (as of 1/ 1/2015). 4 Demographic and Health Survey. 5 EU Violence Against Women Survey. ABOUT THE DATA Where possible, data is from harmonized regionally comparable sources. All numbers based on microdata in this document calculated by the Europe and Central Asia Team for Statistical Development (ECATSD) are produced using the 2005 PPPs, as the use of the 2011 PPPs in the calculation of global poverty estimates still requires additional analysis. This note was produced by the Poverty Global Practice at the World Bank Group. All indicators are as of 03/19/15 QUESTIONS? For more information, please visit the Gender Data Portal at http://data.worldbank.org/topic/gender .