SFG3304 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For the Afghanistan Agricultural Inputs Project (AAIP) Directorate for Programs Afghanistan Agricultural Inputs Project (AAIP) Project Coordination Unit Environmental and Social Safeguards August 2012 Updated in April 2017 i Contents Acronyms .............................................................................................................................................................. iii Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................................v Project Objective ..................................................................................................................................................... v Project Components ................................................................................................................................................ v Environment and Social Management Framework ............................................................................................. v Key findings revealed by ESMF field investigations include the following: .......................................................... 1 A. Background and Project Context ........................................................................................................................3 A.1 Project objectives and components ............................................................................................................. 4 A.2 Implementation Arrangements .................................................................................................................... 5 B. Purpose of the ESMF .........................................................................................................................................6 B.1 ESMF General Guidelines .......................................................................................................................... 7 B.2 Background studies for ESMF Preparation ................................................................................................. 8 B.3 Assessment of ESMF implementation in other projects ........................................................................... 12 Summary of Findings from Field Visits and Stakeholders Consultation ............................................................... 13 C. World Bank Operation Policies triggered.........................................................................................................15 C.1 Operational Policy/Bank Procedure 4.01: Environmental Assessment ..................................................... 15 C.2 Operational Policy/Bank Procedure 4.09: Pest Management.................................................................... 15 C.3 Operational Policy/Bank Procedure 4.12: Involuntary Resettlement ....................................................... 16 C.4 Pesticides-application, occupational safety and health guidelines ............................................................ 16 D. Policy, Legal and Regulatory Framework ........................................................................................................17 D.1 Background references of the framework ................................................................................................. 17 D.2 Environment Law of Afghanistan, 2007 ................................................................................................... 18 D.3 National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA)................................................................................ 18 D.4 Implications of the Environment Law and the EIA Regulation for AAIP ................................................. 19 E. Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) ..........................................................................19 E.1 Stakeholder identification, consultation and participation ........................................................................ 19 E.2 Institutional Arrangements ........................................................................................................................ 20 E.3 Institutional Capacity Building ................................................................................................................. 20 E.4 Capacity building of stakeholders and farmers including women and adolescent farmers ....................... 21 E.5 Monitoring and Evaluation ....................................................................................................................... 21 E.6 Grievance and Complaints Redress .......................................................................................................... 21 E.7 Communication ......................................................................................................................................... 22 E.8 Budget for Environmental and Social Safeguards Compliance ................................................................ 22 An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP ii E.9 Disclosure ................................................................................................................................................. 24 Annex 1: Industry/Facility Classification .............................................................................................................. 24 Annex 2: Negative List of Sub-project Attributes ................................................................................................. 25 Annex 3: Sub-project Screening Checklist ............................................................................................................ 27 Annex 4: Protection of Cultural Property .............................................................................................................. 29 Annex 5: Typical Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures for Sub-Projects ............................................ 31 Annex 6: Template for Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) ..................................................... 34 Annex 7a: Training Action Plan for Environmental and Social Safeguards.......................................................... 35 Annex 7b: Training and Capacity-Building Activities at Different Level ............................................................. 36 Annex 8: Scheduling and Reporting by PIU Environmental and Social Specialist ............................................... 38 Annex 9: Pesticides & chemicals banned/severely restricted but sold in Afghanistan .......................................... 39 Annex 10: Pesticides sold and used in Afghanistan with and/or without the governments Consent ..................... 40 Annex 11: Good management practices guide and pesticides management measures ......................................... 45 Annex 12: Basic principles of integrated control of pests and diseases ................................................................ 52 Annex 13: Examples of available tools in the IPM toolbox .................................................................................. 54 Annex 14: The “do” and “ do not do” of IPM policy ............................................................................................. 56 Annex 15: Assessment based on the data collected and the stakeholders identification ....................................... 57 Annex 16: Generic Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) ........................................................... 66 Annex 17: Generic Terms of Reference for an Environmental Assessment.......................................................... 69 Annex 18: Grievances Redress Guidelines ............................................................................................................ 76 Annex 19: Generic Grievance Redress Committee ............................................................................................... 78 Annex 20: Grievance Redress Form...................................................................................................................... 79 Annex 21: Public and Social Awareness ............................................................................................................... 80 Annex 22: ESMF Monitoring and Evaluation Guidelines ..................................................................................... 82 Annex 23: Guidelines on Liquid Waste Management........................................................................................... 84 Annex 24: Generic TORs for Social Safeguard and Gender Specialists ............................................................... 87 Annex 25: Generic TOR for Environmental Specialist ......................................................................................... 89 Annex 26: GRC on HQ level...............................................................................................................................91 AAIP Selected bibliography .................................................................................................................................. 92 An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP iii Acronyms AAIP Afghanistan Agricultural Inputs Project ANDS Afghanistan National Development Strategy AP Affected Person ARIA Agricultural Research Institute of Afghanistan BS Breeder Seed CDC Community Development Council CS Certified seed CWDA Community Water Development Assistant DAIL Department of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock DOWA Department of Women Affairs EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment EIRP Emergency Irrigation Rehabilitation Project EMA External Monitoring Agency EMP Environmental Management Plan ESS Environmental and Social Safeguards Staff of the PIU ESM Environmental and Social Management ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan FAO Food and Agricultural Organization FQCAID Food Quality Control and Agricultural Input Directorate FS Foundation Seed FSC Farm Service Center GDP General Directorate for Programs GPs General Policies GoA Government of Afghanistan HDI Human Development Index NHLP National Horticulture and Livestock Project HQ Headquarters IA Irrigation Association IDA International Development Association IEC Information Education & Communication ISE Improved Seed Enterprise MAIL Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock MAPA Mine Action Program of Afghanistan MEW Ministry of Energy and Water NRVA National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment NGOs Non-Government Organizations NEPA National Environmental Protection Agency NERAP National Emergency Rural Access Project NSP National Solidarity Program OP/BP Operational Policy/Bank Procedure O&M Operation and Maintenance OM Operational Manual PAP Project Affected Person PCU Project Coordination Unit An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP iv PID Project Implementation Plan PPQD Plant Protection and Quarantine Directorate PSD Private Sector Directorate RAP Resettlement Action Plan RBOs River Basin Organizations REA Rapid Environmental Assessment RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SIA Social Impact Assessment UNEP United Nations Environment Program WB World Bank WCS Wildlife Conservation Society WFSC Women Farm Service Center WHO World Health Organization An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP v Executive Summary Project Objective The project objective is strengthened institutional capacity for safety and reliability of agricultural inputs and sustainable production of certified wheat seed. Project Components The project design structure consists of four (4) components: (i) Improved Wheat Seed Production and Certification (ii) Quarantine Networks and Quality Control for Agro-chemicals, (iii) Inputs Delivery Systems and, (iv) Project Management, Coordination and M&E. Environment and Social Management Framework The Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL) has developed the present Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) through a safeguards team consisting of an international consultant, a national counterpart and selected staff members within the AAIP project unit. The team worked in close collaboration with the remaining members of the AAIP Team, all participating directorates of MAIL, the Pest Management Plan consultant, as well as relevant experts hired by MAIL for managing similar environmental and social issues in other relevant Bank-assisted projects, e.g. the National Horticulture and Livestock Project (NHLP), the National Solidarity Program (NSP), the On Farm Water Management Project (OFWP), and the USAID funded Women Farm Services Center in Kabul. Desk review and information gathered during field investigations guided the ESMF design process. In line with the project preparation requirements, the review of Bank funded projects presently under implementation, and conditions observed during the field study, it is acknowledged that social and environmental management in Afghanistan currently faces critical capacity constraints. The proposed project activities may have potential adverse impacts, albeit limited, on the physical and social environment. The mitigation and management of these impacts are essential to a sound and sustainable development. Hence, a framework approach is adopted which recognizes the existing management capacity, and permits the necessary flexibility to take account of investments unknown at the time of project appraisal. This approach provides for early identification of potential adverse impacts, without the requirement of rigorous analysis through quantification, and also provides broad guidance for their effective mitigation. Consistent with existing national legislation, the objective of the Framework is to help ensure that activities under the AAIP will:  Protect human health;  Prevent or compensate any loss of assets and livelihood;  Prevent environmental degradation due to individual sub-projects or their cumulative effects;  Prevent a widening of the gap between the better off and the poor as a result of either individual sub-projects or their cumulative effects;  Enhance positive environmental and social outcomes;  Support gender equality principles  Ensure compliance with Afghan national law on the environment and World Bank safeguard policies. An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 1 The ESMF prescribes guidelines and procedures that would avoid, mitigate, or minimize adverse environmental and social impacts of supported activities and interventions. The ESMF was prepared by the Government of Afghanistan (GoA) in accordance with definitions provided in the World Bank Policies on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01), Pest Management (OP 4.09) and Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) as well as relevant national laws and regulations. The project triggers OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement and the main reason is that some of the infrastructure items such as quarantine stations supported by the AAIP project require land at specific sites close to border crossings. The Government has identified land for the entire planned infrastructure, however, it has recently been reported that individuals have claimed ownership of land at a few of the sites. These claims are now being reviewed by governmental departments including the courts. If any sites are found to be the property of private owners, the project is equipped with the Resettlement Policy Framework which will guide the preparation of any Social Impact Assessments (SIA) or Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) that may be needed for further information, please refer to project RPF. Key findings revealed by ESMF field investigations include the following: Regarding Seeds, farmers and key stakeholders in the 10 provinces investigated raised issues relating to needs for: (i) training for farmers, cooperative leaders, women farmers groups, DAIL, extension staff and merchants on selection and quality assurance (ii) application of existing regulations, Enforcement of Quality Control, open pollinated seeds should be imported, (iii) easement of recourse process and trust building, (iv) social awareness through any possible sources such as Mass-Media, Mosque, community Leaders, Schools, Universities, people gathering events and official national campaigns. Regarding issues relating to Agro-chemicals inputs across the board, comfort in using these was clearly link to users‘ product knowledge which was reported to be constrained by: (i) the lack of translation in local languages of usage instructions. Stakeholders partaking to the assessment pointed out the need for training for farmers, cooperative leaders, women farmers groups, DAIL, extension staff and merchants on selection and quality assurance; (ii) application of existing regulations, public awareness through DAIL, public media; (iii) enforcement of Quality control; (iii) poor/inappropriate labels of produce on the market; (iv) weak/inexistence of at boarders. The overall situation is characterized by: poor handling capacity overall; and a high need for training for farmers, cooperative leaders, women farmers groups, DAIL, extension staff and merchants on selection and quality assurance. Regarding Social outreach, at least four key social issues are relevant for service delivery: (i) the participation of the poorest, isolated, and most vulnerable groups; (ii) the participation of women; (iii) the avoidance of elite capture; and (iv) Social Accountability. Above all social safeguards considerations, the socio-cultural context in Afghanistan and risks related to agricultural inputs delivery which involves the use of agrochemical, call for an integrated and responsible social outreach strategy for awareness building. This is a matter of social accountability that the AAIP will need to consider in a large and comprehensive way, as essential to sustainable development of agricultural input delivery systems in Afghanistan. Regarding distance between private water wells from septic tanks and field lines, it will be imperative to make sure that septic systems are properly designed, installed, and maintained to reduce possible harmful impacts to the groundwater that supplies drinking water, neighbors' drinking water, or surface waters such as a nearby stream. An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 2 The present ESMF is based on the following principles: The proposed project will support multiple sub-projects, the detailed designs of which are not known at the time the present ESMF is designed. To ensure the effective application of the World Bank‘s safeguard policies, the Framework provides guidance on the approach to be taken during implementation for the selection and design of sub-projects, and the planning of mitigation measures. All proposed sub-projects will be screened to ensure that the environmental and social risks are adequately addressed through the application of standardized guidelines. The ESMF includes instruments and tools to help identify potential subproject social and environmental impacts and to avoid, reduce and/or to mitigate these impacts of subprojects, such as: Environmental and Social Screening & Assessment Procedure; Subproject Screening Checklist; typical impacts and mitigation measures; community participation and consultation; environmental and social management plan (ESMP); and monthly progress reports. In all subprojects which require consultations with stakeholders including private sector and local farmers groups (men and women) as well as communities, consultations will be conducted to elicit the views of both the male and the female population. The ESMF includes capacity building activities both institutional and geared toward stakeholders. The project implementation unit (PIU) has already recruited social and environmental staff at the headquarter level to monitor the implementation of the provisions of the ESMF, including an ESM (international) Adviser to support the Project Director for the first three years in assessing, monitoring, and reporting on compliance. At local level, the ESMF places attention on developing practical, hands-on training for Farmers and their cooperatives leaders including women and adolescent farmers. Capacity building of stakeholders and farmers including women and adolescent farmers is considered. Proposed trainings to include:  Building knowledge and skills of farmers through training in inputs selection and utilization  Building village organizer’s awareness of social and environmental issues and enhancing their capacity to monitor mitigating measures.  Assessing the potential impacts of the project activities on crops and personal health (if any) and their relevant mitigation measures. Among others, the present ESMF also puts emphasis on gearing some efforts toward agricultural higher learning institutions (university colleges, and vocational learning centers), to encourage the development of environmental and social safeguards training curricula in their institutions. A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) is established under the AAIP, consisting of a CDC representative from district government, representative from the PIU- Technical Assistance Unit, and participating NGO. The GRC would meet to try and resolve the matter and make a recommendation within 7-10 working days. To address the need for a strong communication campaign to strengthen user’s capacity to select and use inputs that are safe and efficient, a Mass communication strategy is an essential component of the An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 3 ESMF. During implementation of the present ESMF, coordination with all PMP activities will be quintessential. This Environmental and Social Management Framework will be disclosed in Afghanistan in Dari and Pashto, and at the World Bank Info Shop. Implementation of the present ESMF will require a total of US$ 509,800 for ESMF related staffing, training and capacity building of staff, contractors, training manuals, awareness materials, preparation of site specific EMP, communication, and monitoring. A. Background and Project Context Agricultural productivity in Afghanistan is generally low. Compared to the pre-conflict era agricultural (and livestock) productivity levels have declined significantly as a result of decades of conflict, systematic destruction of productive rural infrastructure, insufficient basic services, and low availability of quality agricultural inputs. For example, the average yield of wheat – the main staple in Afghanistan – is less than 2 metric tons (MT) per hectare (ha), compared to nearly 3 MT/ha in Pakistan and India. The differences for irrigated wheat are even larger. Limited access to quality inputs at affordable prices is a key constraint to higher agricultural productivity. Increasing the quantity and quality of key agricultural inputs, and their delivery systems, is an important step towards increasing farm production and productivity which in turn would improve food security and boost farm incomes through higher marketable surpluses. Furthermore, improvements in agricultural productivity would promote farm employment, and may raise non-farm rural employment and reduce vulnerability. Expanding farm production and crop productivity require increased availability of high quality seeds, establishment of quality control systems for agrochemical inputs, and improvements in systems of inputs delivery. A large proportion of Afghan farmers are still producing wheat, using seed of traditional varieties and without applying agrochemicals. Use of improved varieties and seed of certified quality alone can improve yields by an estimated 30%, whereas combined with improved growing techniques, fertilizer application and disease control their yield could double. Presently a formal seed production system has been created with a capacity of producing over 30,000 MT of Certified Seed, which would be sufficient for the country, provided it was adequately distributed and farmers would re-multiply their seeds three to four times taking care of preserving the quality. Certified Seed, however, is distributed by GoA, donors and NGOs at highly subsidized rates. Improved production and distribution systems would make the seeds more accessible to farmers and in turn ensure a stable supply by economically sound private seed enterprises. Afghanistan has a National Seed Law (2009), a recently reviewed Seed Policy and is in the process of formulating seed rules and regulations. A well-functioning seed certification system will soon be adopted as an official directorate in the Ministry of Agriculture. A National Seed Board which holds office in the National Seed Secretariat building supervises all activities and actors in the seed sector. All these need to be strengthened and firmly rooted in the Afghan public and private sector to provide a stable supply of improved certified seed to the Afghan farmers. Fertilizers and other agrochemicals are nearly entirely imported but often of unreliable quality. The potential of improved seeds for improving crop productivity cannot be realized without the simultaneous judicious use of quality agrochemical inputs. However, Afghanistan currently lacks the legal and regulatory An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 4 frameworks, as well as the infrastructure to exercise and enforce quality control for fertilizers and other agro-chemicals (pesticides, fungicides, herbicides etc.). The lack of a quality control system makes it easy for traders to cut corners. Furthermore, farmer ’s access to inputs is often insufficient and knowledge regarding their safe transport, storage and use remains incomplete. This not only discourages farmers from consistently including improved inputs in their planning, but is also potentially damaging to the crop as well as the environment and humans. The agricultural inputs delivery network remains underdeveloped, weakly regulated, and of a rather monopolistic nature. Despite donor-assisted increases in the number of farm stores (Ag Depots) after the 2007-2008 food crisis, outlets for private sector delivery of inputs need to be expanded and regulated through a clearly defined certification system. There is also need to inject more competition into the system – from importing to distributing and retailing. The system also needs to be enhanced in order to serve as a reliable source of information on the correct usage of inputs. A.1 Project objectives and components Project Objectives The project objective is strengthened institutional capacity for safety and reliability of agricultural inputs and sustainable production of certified wheat seed. The project design structure consists of four (4) components: Component A: Improved Seed Production and Certification. This component aims to strengthen a sustainable, commercially viable, and technically efficient seed production and certification system. The project will focus on strengthening seed production and distribution for wheat – the country‘s main staple crop – while supporting other food crops including vegetables and grain legumes where appropriate. The project will cover the entire seed chain beginning with research in variety selection to generate breeder seed, production of foundation and registered seeds from breeder seed, and multiplication of registered seed into certified seed. In addition, the project will encourage compliance with the seed industry regulatory framework comprising the national seed policy, the seed law, and accompanying seed rules and regulations. Component A is organized into 3 sub-components - A1: Assistance to Agricultural Research Institute of Afghanistan (ARIA) including Varietal Selection and Production of Breeder Seed, A2: Assistance to Improved Seed Enterprise (ISE) including production of Foundation and A3: Coordination of Seed Sector by providing support to National Seed Board (NSB), Seed Certification Directorate (SCD) and Private Seed Enterprise (PSE) through the Afghanistan National Seed Companies Union (ANSCU). The government has removed the class of "registered" seed from the certification scheme. This does not affect the total amount of seed that can be produced but changes the quantity of "breeder" and "foundation" class seed to be produced by ARIA, ISE and PSEs. Component B: Quarantine Networks and Quality Control for Agro-chemicals. This component aims to build and strengthen institutional capacity and physical infrastructure required for quality control of agrochemicals and plant quarantine. Physical infrastructure includes establishment of Border Quarantine Stations and fumigation facilities to facilitate export to the higher paying markets. Project An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 5 activities will focus on preventing marketing of banned, hazardous, sub-standard, and unreliable pesticides and fertilizers, as well as preventing introduction and spread of quarantine pest into the Country. This would be achieved through facilitating enforcement of the recently finalized Pesticides and Plant Quarantine Acts and Regulations. The goal is to comply with international standards for quality control of agrochemicals and plant quarantine practices. Component B is organized into 2 sub-components - Quality Control of Agrochemicals and Plant Quarantine Networks. Component C: Input Delivery Systems. The main purpose of Component C, as per the PAD, is to analyze current agricultural input delivery systems and to develop a plan of action, to be followed by a pilot input delivery system. Specific activities under this component were supposed to be identified after the MTR. However, this has not yet happened due to limited capacity of the Project. Since the Project now has limited time ahead, it was decided to downsize the scope of this component to piloting a voucher system for wheat seed, which is the primary seed produced under the project. The main goal is to explore the possibility of replacing the currently insufficient government-led seed distribution system that is mainly based on providing subsidized seeds to a limited number of farmers. This approach has hindered the development of a vibrant market-based wheat seed distribution system. This pilot is an attempt to improve the situation by creating an environment which strengthens linkages between seed producers and farmers while the government phases out its involvement in seed distribution and focuses on its regulatory role. With this structuring, the Component will not pursue piloting an ICT system as outlined in the PAD. Accordingly, these activities will be cancelled. Component D: Project Implementation and Management. The project will be implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL). The following main technical Directorates from the MAIL side will be involved in the preparation and implementation of the proposed project: (i) for Component A (Improved Seed Production and Certification): Improved Seeds Enterprise (ISE); (ii) for Component B (Quarantine Networks and Quality Control for Agro-chemicals): Plant Protection and Quarantine Directorate (PPQD) and Food Quality Control and Agricultural Inputs Directorate (FQCAID); (iii) for Component C (Improve and Expand Input Delivery System); and (iv) for Component D: (Project Management, Coordination, Monitoring & Evaluation): Technical Deputy Minister‘s Office and General Directorate for Programs (GDP). Moreover, the project will establish links with the Research Directorate and Extension Directorate. A.2 Implementation Arrangements The implementation of the AAIP is the responsibility of a project implementation unit (PIU) created and staffed under the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL). A Project Implementation Plan (PIP) and an Operations Manual (OM) are being developed. Other key documents include the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) and the Pest Management Plan (PMP). The project documents will outline the roles and responsibilities of all agencies involved in the AAIP main project, as well as details of project processes and implementation steps. The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) for the AAIP is headed by a National Project Director at its head office in Kabul and falls directly under the office of the Technical Deputy Minister. The PIU is comprised of a team of subject matter experts who are assisted by international experts. Fiduciary arrangements during the preparatory phase are building on the fiduciary unit that was established for both the OFWMP An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 6 and AAIPA. A national FM and Procurement specialists to work exclusively on the AAIP was hired and is working with a support team already in place. An Internal Control/Internal Audit unit has already been established under the OFWM and reports directly to the Minister of MAIL – the same unit will also be used for AAIP. B. Purpose of the ESMF The Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL) has developed the present Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) through a safeguards team consisting of an international consultant, a national counterpart and selected staff members within the AAIP project unit. The team worked in close collaboration with the AAIP Team, all participating directorates of MAIL, the Pest Management Plan consultant, as well as relevant experts hired by MAIL for managing similar environmental and social issues in other relevant Bank-assisted projects, e.g. the National Horticulture and Livestock Project (NHLP), the National Solidarity Program (NSP), the On Farm Water Management Project (OFWP), and the USAID funded Women Farm Services Center in Kabul. In line with the project design requirements, the review of Bank funded projects presently in implementation, and conditions observed during the field study, it is acknowledged that social and environmental management in Afghanistan currently faces critical capacity constraints. The proposed project activities may have potential adverse impacts, albeit limited, on the physical and social environment. The mitigation and management of these impacts are essential to a sound and sustainable development. During the development of the ESMF risks associated with the various project interventions within the AAIP systems were identified and procedures, guidelines, check lists and mitigating and management measures were developed to be used during selection and design of subprojects and during project implementation. The ESMF is designed as a sorting mechanism for environmental and social impacts regarding investments and activities unknown before the appraisal. It is an instrument to identify and assess environmental and social impacts of future sub-projects to be funded by the program. As such, it serves as a guide for developing specific Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMPs) of the sub-projects. In addition, the present ESMF defines the framework for monitoring and surveillance as well as institutional arrangements for implementing the program and implementing activities to mitigate environmental and social adverse impacts, avoiding or reducing them to acceptable levels. A framework approach is adopted which recognizes the existing management capacity of the implementing agency, and permits the necessary flexibility to take account of investments unknown at the time of project appraisal. This approach provides for early identification of potential adverse impacts, and also provides broad guidance for their effective mitigation. Consistent with existing national legislation and compliant with the WB operational Policies and Environmental and Social Safeguards, the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) provides general policies, guidelines, codes of practice and procedures for the management of environmental and social issues to be integrated into the implementation of AAIPAAIP. More specifically, the objectives of the ESMF are:  To establish clear procedures and methodologies for the environmental and social screening, development of ESMPs, approval and implementation of subprojects to be financed under the An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 7 Project;  To specify appropriate roles and responsibilities, and outline the necessary reporting procedures, for managing and monitoring environmental and social safeguards issues related to subprojects;  To determine the training and capacity building needed to successfully implement the provisions of the ESMF;  To establish the project funding areas required to implement the ESMF requirements; and  To provide practical resource materials for implementing the ESMF.  Protect human health;  Prevent or compensate any loss of assets and livelihood;  Prevent environmental degradation as a result of either individual sub-projects or their cumulative effects;  Enhance positive environmental and social outcomes;  Ensure compliance with Afghan national law and World Bank safeguard policies The present ESMF has been developed to effectively address environmental and social concerns and opportunities, to reduce and mitigate negative social and environmental impacts of the project. These measures include: (i) implementing a pest management plan; (ii) enhancing the skills and abilities of farmers, through training in appropriate technologies, IPM approaches, (iii) providing guidelines for establishment of a Grievance Redress Mechanism in the project as well as guidelines for public consultations. B.1 ESMF General Guidelines The ESMF provides general policies, guidelines, codes of practice and procedures for the management of environmental and social issues to be integrated into the implementation of the project. It contains the following guidelines: All proposed sub-projects will be screened to ensure that the environmental and social risks can be adequately addressed through the application of standardized guidelines:  Industry/Facility Classification, Annex 1  A negative list of characteristics that would make a proposed component ineligible for support, Annex 2  Sub-project screening, Annex 3  Protection of cultural property, Annex 4  Typical Measures for Environment Impact Mitigation in AAIP sub-projects, Annex 5  Template for Environmental and Social Management Plan, Annex 6  Training Action Plan for Environmental and Social Safeguards, Annex 7 a  Training and Capacity-Building Activities at different levels, Annex 7 b  Scheduling and reporting by PIU E & S Specialist, Annex 8  A list of pesticides and other chemicals banned or severely restricted but sold in the afghan market, Annex 9  A list of pesticides sold and used in Afghanistan with and/or without the government‘s consent, Annex 10 An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 8  A Good Management Practices Guide and Pesticides Management Measures Annex 11  Basic Principles of Integrated Control of Pests and Diseases, Annex 12  Examples of available tools in the IPM toolbox, Annex 13  The ― 'do and― do not do' of IPM policy, Annex 14  Assessment based on the data collected and the stakeholders identification, Annex 15  Generic Environmental and Social Management Plan, Annex 16  Generic ToR, Environmental Assessment, Annex 17  Grievance redress Guidelines , Annex 18  Generic Grievance Redress Committee on sub-project level, Annex 19  Grievance Redress Form, Annex 20  Public and Social Awareness Guidelines, Annex 21  ESMF Monitoring and Evaluation Guidelines, Annex 22  Guidelines on waste water management (septic tanks and separation of agrochemical labs wastewaters), Annex 23  Generic ToR for Social Safeguard and Gender Specialist, Annex 24  Generic ToR for Environmental Specialist, Annex 25  GRC on headquarter level, Annex 26 B.2 Background studies for ESMF Preparation For the preparation phase of the ESMF, a national ESMF specialist was recruited. From the experience of other World Bank funded projects in the country, staff with specific responsibility for the implementation of the ESMF provisions during subproject identification, preparation and implementation will be added to PIU at headquarter.. At the level of the Technical Deputy Minister, a lead ESMF adviser (independent technical assistance) will coordinate and oversee performance sector wide on environmental and social development. For the purpose of the ESMF field surveys were undertaken. Out of 34 provinces in 7 regions, ten were investigated:  Mazar-e Sharif, in the north of the country  Herat in the west of the country  Nangarhar, in the east of the country  Seven provinces in the center region including Kabul the Capital city. For these seven provinces, a workshop was organized in Kabul, bringing together stakeholders from Kabul, Parwan, Logar, Wardak, Kapisa, Bamiyan, Ghazni to participate in the baseline assessment. An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 9 His Excellency Ghani Ghuriani, Technical Deputy Minister in MAIL, opening the workshop Farmers’ cooperative leaders, provincial DAIL directors and senior staff, Provincial Councils heads and members, invited from Kabul, Parwan, Logar, Wardak, Kapisa, Bamiyan, Ghazni, actively discussed the subject and provided firsthand information on input delivery challenges in their respective provinces. An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 10 Plenary-Conference hall MAIL- Kabul In small groups their brainstormed, exchanged about their experience and expectations on efficiency of agricultural input delivery system and discussed their experiences and challenges. A selected member of each group, serving as group rapporteur then presented their respective conclusions to the plenary. Group brainstorming & discussion An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 11 In order to capture challenges from women on the subject, arrangements were made for interaction with female stakeholder groups on women and children‘s involvement with agro chemicals through meetings with provincial Department of Women Affairs (DOWA) offices, and a dedicated workshop took place in Kabul, at the AAIP office. Focus group brainstorming & discussion with women in Kabul An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 12 After gathering and studying relevant documents, relevant World Bank Operational Policies, Afghanistan Environmental Law and Regulations, and ESMF and PMP documents for the NHLP and OFWMP and IRDP, studying the currently available draft pesticide law in the country, available implementation arrangements, obstacles and achievements in the adoption and application of environmental and social safeguard measures in Afghanistan, the present report is proposing relevant recommendations in the context of Afghanistan for the AAIP that can overcome the identified ESMF implementation weaknesses. Map 1: Political map of the Islamic republic of Afghanistan, 34 provinces The report includes a proposed institutional arrangement for the ESMF at the MAIL HQ level to address the shortcoming. It also incorporates the lessons learnt from other relevant projects. An assessment of training needs is also included as part of the ESMF. B.3 Assessment of ESMF implementation in other projects AAIP continues to implement the ESMF. To date, ESMP for 13 sub-projects have been developed, monthly compliance reports and checklists have been developed and annexed with each ESMP with clear performance indicators that are being used to monitor the environmental and social compliance of the sub-projects. The implementation of the ESMF in other projects in the country (NHLP, IRDP, NSP, and OFWMP) was reviewed and the main lessons learned and incorporated in the present ESMF are: 1. Timeline of ESMF activities important in scheduling and alignment with objectives. 2. Start and sequence of ESMF activities suffering from weak initial programming. 3. Including one social safeguard officer/specialist with one environmental safeguard specialist may help avoid the neglect of any aspects of the ESMF. 4. Trained staff with clear job descriptions and conducting environmental and social audits has given good results. Exposure visits to similar projects inside and outside the country can An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 13 greatly enhance the understanding and attitude of the staff in terms of safeguards issues. Repeated training in relevant fields is important considering staff turnover. 5. Regular and timely engagement of the World Bank team with the senior leadership of the line ministries helps to focus attention on, and compliance with, ESMFs. 6. Allocation of budget and resources with clear implementation arrangements for the ESMF are essential. 7. It is important to ensure availability of ESMF documents, including all guidelines, in local languages at project sites. 8. ESMF provisions must be incorporated in bidding/contract documents with accompanying translation in local languages and must be reviewed with contractors by PIU management prior to start of any construction work. 9. Contractors need training in understanding and complying with ESMF provisions. 10. Performance indicators may be used to gauge how the system works. Summary of Findings from Field Visits and Stakeholders Consultation For revision of ESMF and development of RPF, internal consultation has been carried out within the Ministry. Experts from planning and policy directorate were consulted and their recommendations were noted. Moreover, the public consultation that was carried out during preparation of ESMP has also been applied for the revision of ESMF. Social outreach Based on the findings from the field investigations conducted during the ESMF design, the safeguards team identified at least four key social issues relevant for service delivery: (i) the participation of the poorest, isolated, and most vulnerable groups; (ii) the participation of women; (iii) the avoidance of elite capture; and (iv) Social Accountability. Drawing lessons from international experience attention will be placed on strengthening the participatory process and for consolidating project interventions through existing planning instruments at national, regional and local levels. Above all social safeguards considerations, the socio-cultural context in Afghanistan and risks related to agricultural inputs delivery which involves the use of agrochemical, call for an integrated and responsible social outreach strategy for awareness building. This is a matter of social accountability that the AAIP will need to consider in a large and comprehensive way, as essential to sustainable development of agricultural input delivery systems in Afghanistan. Distance between private water wells from septic tanks and field lines In Afghanistan, visits conducted on the field showed that labs, office building, factories including those processing chemical, as well as most rural homes use some type of septic system to treat household wastewater. These systems generally are economical and effective in treating these wastes. However, septic systems must be properly designed, installed, and maintained to reduce possible harmful impacts to the groundwater that supplies drinking water, neighbors' drinking water, or surface waters such as a nearby stream. State of inputs delivery in Afghanistan: users’ perception From the group discussions with stakeholders on the present state of inputs delivery the information below summarizes the key findings. Annex 15 comprises the assessment based on the data collected and the stakeholder’s identification. Regarding Seeds, farmers and key stakeholders in the 10 provinces investigated raised issues relating to needs for: An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 14  Training for farmers, cooperative leaders, women farmers groups, DAIL, extension staff and merchants on selection and quality assurance.  Application of existing regulations, Enforcement of Quality Control, open pollinated seeds should be imported.  Ease recourse process and build trust.  Social awareness through any possible sources such as Mass-Media, Mosque, community Leaders, Schools, Universities, people gathering events and official national campaigns should be organized. Regarding issues relating to Agro-chemicals inputs across the board, comfort in using these was clearly link to users’ product knowledge which was reported to be constrained by:  The lack of translation in local languages of usage instructions. Stakeholders partaking to the assessment pointed out the need for training for farmers, cooperative leaders, women farmers groups, DAIL, extension staff and merchants on selection and quality assurance  Application of existing regulations, public awareness through DAIL, public media  Enforcement of Quality control  Retailers should not sell agro-chemicals on the streets and they should be pharmacists  Labels to include local languages with danger signs and special format approved by MAIL  Increase Boarders control and Feasibility of a government owned and run agro-inputs –store Regarding machinery issues raised by stakeholders included the need for  An internal code of conduct and transparent procedures in distribution of equipment.  Concerns on machinery that seemed not to be adapted to local conditions, and not designed to be used also by women.  Gender consideration. Regarding social characteristics the assessment yielded a need for:  Women targeted activities, developing women councils.  Pointed out that, in Afghanistan, women need to be accompanied by a male family member (Mahram), where necessary.  Dire need for an awareness campaigns.  Storages and industries should be built for agricultural product process.  Reinforce Control brigades and inspections schedules and reports. Regarding waste management (solid and liquid, industrial and households) including existing installations the field surveys and discussions with stakeholders indicate a need to:  Assess state of all existing installations in regard to appropriate waste management system, coordination between municipalities and MAIL. To reach people most frequently interacting with agricultural input the survey pointed out that there is a need to:  Design and develop training instruments in quality and quantity to ease training and communication  The design should be gender and age sensitive as well as appropriate Regarding agro chemical products handling, the overall situation is characterized by:  Poor handling capacity overall.  Training need for farmers, cooperative leaders, women farmers groups, DAIL, extension staff and merchants on selection and quality assurance. An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 15  Absence of enforcement of existing regulations.  Lack of enforcement of quality control.  Need to ease recourse process.  Need to build trust. Key to complaints handling appeared through the survey and the discussions with stakeholders to be:  The need to build trust and equity C. World Bank Operation Policies triggered Environmental and Social Safeguards Requirements: as shown in the table below, three of the WB‘s Environmental and Social Safeguards Policies and Procedures - Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01), Pest Management (OP/BP 4.09) and Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) are triggered. In addition, to the World Bank Policies the Afghan Environmental law is also requiring Environmental Assessment and Environmental Management in such projects. C.1 Operational Policy/Bank Procedure 4.01: Environmental Assessment The Afghanistan Agricultural Inputs Project (AAIP) is intended to: (i) Improve seed production and certification, (ii) Establish infrastructure and policies regarding quality control and safe use of agrochemicals, (iii) Assess input delivery systems, and (iv) Establish efficient project management, implementation and coordination mechanisms. However, since the project would be dealing with pesticides and fertilizers application there might be adverse impacts, if not properly managed, the project will be requiring rigorous environmental and social management and follow up. Furthermore liquid waste resulting from the laboratory operations may contain some chemical substances which can contaminate water quality. After field visits conducted in four provinces including Kabul, a number of remarks and recommendations are worth making, which will be considered in the screening list in annex of the present ESMF. C.2 Operational Policy/Bank Procedure 4.09: Pest Management The AAIP will develop the public infrastructure necessary to strengthen the input delivery system for major crops including wheat, industrial crops, vegetable crops and perennial horticulture crops, through (i) consolidating and extending the existing system of improved seed supply through the formulation of a comprehensive seed policy (including the planting material for perennial crops) and development of requisite institutions and infrastructure; (ii) developing the necessary infrastructure and policies that will serve farmers‘ needs for appropriate, effective and safe use of fertilizers and other agro-chemicals, and (iii) Expanding the network of the local agricultural input delivery system and encouraging and facilitating the use of improved agricultural machinery and equipment. As pesticides will have to be used in crop protection or in the fight against vector-borne disease, the AAIP has included a Pest Management Plan (PMP), as a stand-alone document. In summary, the Pest and Pesticide Management Plan (PMP) addresses the Afghanistan Agricultural Inputs Project (AAIP) concerns relative to the risks associated with the use of agrochemicals in Afghanistan to deal with the control of An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 16 pests and diseases. In addition, the PMP addresses the need to comply with the World Bank Safeguard Policies on Pest Management consistent with the priorities for agricultural investments and policies under the National Agricultural Development Framework (NADF), implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock in collaboration with the Development Partners. C.3 Operational Policy/Bank Procedure 4.12: Involuntary Resettlement Since the project is dealing with the rehabilitation of farms and construction of quarantine stations, it may experience involuntary resettlement under component A and B. Involuntary resettlement may cause severe long-term hardship, impoverishment, and environmental damage unless appropriate measures are carefully planned and carried out. Production systems are dismantled; people face impoverishment when their productive assets or income sources are lost; people are relocated to environments where their productive skills may be less applicable and the competition for resources greater; community institutions and social networks are weakened; kin groups are dispersed; and cultural identity, traditional authority, and the potential for mutual help are diminished or lost. This policy includes safeguards to address and mitigate these impoverishment risks. Before physical work can start on such government lands, documentation that the land is free of squatters and other encumbrances shall be submitted to the WB. The Project Triggers OP 4.12 on involuntarily resettlement and accordingly the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) is prepared which will provide provisions and guidelines for preparation of Resettlement Action Plan. C.4 Pesticides-application, occupational safety and health guidelines All individuals, farmers, products retailers, wholesalers, government staff as well as NGOs and all qualifying personnel in the agricultural input supply chain and those involved in the application of pesticides should be fully informed about the pesticides they are handling. They should be aware that pesticides can be absorbed through the skin, by breathing and by eating. They should be aware of general signs of illness, including such symptoms as malaise, headaches, dizziness, nausea and other central nervous system effects, and they should be aware of the need to obtain prompt medical attention upon experiencing such symptoms. The following pesticides should not be used: DDT, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Chlordane, Heptachlor, 2, 4,5T (2, 4, and 5 Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid), EBDC (Ethylenebisdithiocarbanmate), all mercury compounds, all arsenic compounds, MIREX (Dechlorane), and DBCP (Dibrcmochloro Propane). And the PMP as designed and approved for the present project will be the key reference on all pesticides matters. World Bank Safeguard Policies Yes TBD No Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) x Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) x Forests (OP/BP 4.36) x Pest Management (OP 4.09) x An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 17 Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11) x Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10) x Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) x Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) x Projects on International Waterways(OP/BP 7.50) x Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP 7.60) x Table 2: Safeguards table D. Policy, Legal and Regulatory Framework In Afghanistan, the legal and regulatory framework for social and environmental issues is:  The Environment Law of Afghanistan (2007)  Law on the Preservation of Afghanistan‘s Historical and Cultural Heritages (2004)  National Environmental Impact Assessment Policy (2007)  Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) regulation of Afghanistan  Land Expropriation Law  National Waste Management Policy  Pest and Pesticide Management Regulation D.1 Background references of the framework With reference to international convention, from sources available including the draft PMP report, the Government of The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (GoA) has signed and/or ratified the following conventions:  United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) in those Countries Experiencing serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa  Vienna Convention for the protection of ozone layers  The Montreal Protocol on Ozone Depleting Substance  International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture  Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD)  United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea  Unite Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)  Declaration on Control and Prevention of Air Pollution and its Likely Trans-boundary Effects for South Asia  London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping wastes and Other Matter (London Convention)  Convention on the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage  Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas  Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan is not party or signatory to the following important international agreements, conventions and treaties: An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 18  Rotterdam Convention on the International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides on Prior Informed Consent (PIC)  Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)  International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)  Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals  Kyoto Protocol Convention on Climate Change  Agenda-21 Global Program of Action for Sustainable Development (Environmentally sound management of toxic chemicals and prevention of illegal international traffic in toxic and dangerous products)  The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development- which addresses the sustainable use of natural resources and its development The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan has signed but not ratified the Basel Convention regarding trans- boundary movement and disposal of hazardous waste, and is in the process of acceding to the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) and the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. D.2 Environment Law of Afghanistan, 2007 The Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation is the focal point for the (i) UN Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD), (ii) the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and (iii) the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES). NEPA is the focal point (NEPA Environmental Policy Paper) for (i) the ozone treaties, (ii) the Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol, and (iii) the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Environmental Law of Afghanistan promulgated in 2007 is quite comprehensive and covers most of the aspects of natural resources management. The law requires inter alia that planning for sustainable use, rehabilitation and conservation of biological diversity, forests, rangeland and other natural resources, prevention and control of pollution, and conservation and rehabilitation of the environment from adverse effects shall be an obligatory element of all national and local land-use plans and natural resources plans developed by all relevant ministries and national institutions. (art.23). Furthermore, it stipulates local communities should be involved in decision-making processes regarding sustainable natural resource management (art. 23, para 10), and that affected persons must be given the opportunity to participate in each phase of the project. (art. 19, 1) D.3 National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA) NEPA was created in 2005 and it is the prime environmental regulatory and approval authority in the country. The Act under which NEPA was established specifies that the proponents of any project, plan, policy or activity must submit to NEPA a preliminary Environmental Assessment, in order to allow NEPA to determine the associated potential adverse effects and possible impacts. After reviewing the preliminary assessment, NEPA can either authorize - with or without conditions – the project, plan, policy or activity, provided that the potential adverse effects of the proposed activities on the environment are unlikely to be significant. Otherwise, NEPA may require the proponents to submit a detailed environmental impact statement including a comprehensive mitigation plan for its review and approval. NEPA EIA Board of Experts review, assess and consider applications and documents of the sub-project An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 19 submitted by the proponent. Acting on the advice of the EIA Board of Experts, NEPA has the option of either granting or refusing permission. Once permission is granted the proponent needs to implement the project within three years of the date of which the permission has been granted, otherwise, it will lapse. EIA Board of Expert decisions can be appealed (Art. 19). D.4 Implications of the Environment Law and the EIA Regulation for AAIP It is envisaged that all subprojects and activities of the AAIP fall under Category 1, which applies for activities that are likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented, and affects an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. The Afghan EIA Regulation requires that the project proponent and owner should submit an application form and a screening report to NEPA. The documents should be meeting the agency‘s required technical guidelines for the screening report, e.g., description of the activities, completion of Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) to identify potential impacts and their sources and the relevant mitigation measures, public participation in the assessment process and etc. In the event that a number of projects are to be undertaken by the same proponent in a given area as part of a development proposal then it is not suitable to classify each project individually. The projects must be combined and categorized based on their collective potential to impact on the environment. It is preferable that all projects are included in one screening report. Once the application form and other relevant documents are submitted to NEPA according to the agency EIA regulation NEPA would: (i) issue a Certificate of Compliance, with or without conditions, (ii) advise the applicant in writing to review the technical reports and address the concern of NEPA. According to the EIA regulation NEPA would grant a Certificate of Compliance or would refuse to do so and provide written reasons for the refusal to the applicant. The EIA regulations are silent on NEPA rules during implementation of the activities and projects. E. Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Many activities foreseen might have negative environmental and social impacts. Among those are Components A and B which include infrastructure construction and equipment, laboratories, storage facilities, farms for seeds production, and quarantine posts at locations still to be determined/confirmed. Above all there is a strong need to mitigate negative impact of overall use of inputs including agrochemicals by farmers as observed and reported during field visits and consultations for the preparation of the present ESMF. The project has prepared a separate Pest Management Plan, which has been cleared by the WB. Consistent with Bank requirements as well as applicable regulations on the environment in Afghanistan, the ESMF sets out specific mitigation and enhancement measures to address the social and environmental aspects of project interventions, including safeguards screening guidelines for sub- projects. Each subproject will undergo a review process to screen for sensitive environmental/social issues. Sub-projects with attributes registered on the negative list will be ineligible for support. (Annex 2). E.1 Stakeholder identification, consultation and participation Agricultural inputs stakeholders identified are: An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 20 1. Farmers with and without land (including paid laborers), 2. Farmer’s organizations, 3. Input retailers and wholesalers, 4. NGOs, 5. Women farmers with and without land (including paid laborers) 6. Respective cooperatives, 7. Donor’s agricultural supply networks representatives, 8. Local DAILs, DOWAs, NEPA 9. Border Control Posts 10. CDC members (male and female), and 11. Agriculture Schools and Research Institutions, etc. These can be grouped in 2 categories: (i) farmers with and without land (including paid laborers), farmers‘ organizations, input retailers and wholesalers, NGOs, women farmers with and without land (including paid laborers) and respective cooperatives, (ii) donors‘ agricultural supply networks representatives, local DAILs and DOWAs, etc. Stakeholder consultations were conducted during the design phase of the present ESMF, summary outcomes of which are reported above. The full outcome is reported in separate working document in MAIL, including list of participants and addresses. E.2 Institutional Arrangements In order to better implement the ESMF, two Safeguards specialists (one for social aspects and another for environmental aspects) are hired at AAIP headquarters. External Monitoring Agency (EMA) would be hired for conducting independent review of environmental and social compliance. ToR for hiring consultant has been developed and recruitment process is underway. AAIP’s regional staff i.e. Site Engineer/Plant Breeder/Agronomist will assist the safeguard team in social and environmental screening and consultation. ToRs of the abovementioned staff will be updated accordingly. E.3 Institutional Capacity Building The overall objective will be to strengthen the institutional capacity of the PIU to better support the development a n d integration of social and environmental measures into the project. Details on institutional capacity building, including budgeting, are presented in Annexes 7a and 7b. Based on the internal assessments, the environmental and social safeguard training plan has been developed in order to carry out the needed trainings for the regional staff including Site Engineers and Plant Breeders/Agronomists. Assessment has been carried out, based on which a training plan has been developed which will guide the implementation of training and institutional capacity building. The institutional capacity building strategy will bear in mind the need to:  Develop organizational mechanisms to ensure that environmental and social policies of the World Bank and Afghanistan are followed in all project components  Ensure coordination between AAIP and NEPA on environmental issues  Ensure compliance with the National Strategy for the Environment and the Environmental Action Plan as laid out under Environmental Law of Afghanistan  Assist MAIL in strengthening their own capacity to deal with social and environmental issues and develops socially and environmentally sound investment programs An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 21  Define overall needs for environmental education, information, promotion and training. The AAIP team and MAIL will establish contacts with the relevant NEPA departments to cooperate and coordinate in the implementation of the environmental laws, policies and regulations as well as the World Bank safeguards policies. E.4 Capacity building of stakeholders and farmers including women and adolescent farmers At local level, attention will be placed on developing practical, hands-on training for Farmers and their cooperatives leaders including women and adolescent farmers. Trainings will include:  Building knowledge and skills of farmers through training in inputs selection and utilization  Building village organizer’s awareness of social and environmental issues and enhancing their capacity to monitor mitigating measures.  Assessing the potential impacts of the project activities on crops and personal health (if any) and their relevant mitigation measures. Some efforts will be geared toward agricultural higher learning institutions (university colleges, and vocational learning centers). It is necessary to encourage the development of environmental and social safeguards training curricula in their institutions. They should be incentivized to develop volunteer activity to support farmer’s capacity enhancement in regard to the selection and utilization of safe and efficient agricultural inputs in their respective neighborhoods provinces and regions. These learning institutions will be encouraged to develop more engagement and advocacy for good practices in agriculture. Periodic seminars will also be organized at DAIL level on rights and obligations of inputs wholesalers and retailers on products quality. All activities will have appropriate media coverage. E.5 Monitoring and Evaluation Implementation of the ESMF will be subject to internal monitoring at two levels. National level PIU Safeguards team with assistance from regional staff will take overall responsibility for overseeing progress in implementing the ESMF and assessing the effectiveness of mitigation measures against agreed indicators. They will be responsible for preparing quarterly reports which will inform both the Government and the World Bank on progress. Independent/external assessment of compliance with mitigation measures will also be carried out mid- way during project implementation and another one at project completion by an External Monitoring Agency (EMA) with the results communicated to the PIU and the World Bank. E.6 Grievance and Complaints Redress A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) has been established under the AAIP consisting of AAIP Director, An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 22 Deputy Director, Social Safeguards and Gender Specialist, Environmental Specialist, M&E Coordinator, Seed Coordinator and PPQD Coordinator (See Annex 26). The GRC does not have any legal mandate or authority but acts as a facilitator to try and resolve issues between the complainant and the MAIL/PIU. The project’s GRM is functioning properly. No major complaints are received so far; however, some minor complaints from the sub-projects were recorded in database and redressed on time. In addition, the existing GRM is under further improvement and will be upgraded by developing an electronic database in MIS of the project. On sub-project level, 13 GRCs has been established that consist of CDC representatives from district government and representative from the PIU- Technical Assistance Unit. The GRC would meet to try and resolve the matter and make a recommendation within 7-10 working days. Typical GRC for sub- projects is annexed. (Annex 19) Also, Safeguards Specialists will have an important role in ensuring that communities have a full understanding of their rights and responsibilities regarding purchase and use of agricultural inputs, as well as wholesalers and retailers obligation to disclose products specifications. Provincial DAILs will be in charge of recording and reacting to any reported suspicions of existence of inappropriate produce on shelves. A guideline for grievances redress is outlined in Annex 20. E.7 Communication Based on the assessment of present knowledge on risks related to improper selection and use of agricultural inputs there appear to be an urgent need for a strong communication campaign to strengthen users‘ capacity to select and use inputs that are safe and efficient. Mass communication strategies using existing media as well as eventually creating project specifically dedicated channels (including regional FM radios and transistor distribution) need urgently to be considered. E.8 Budget for Environmental and Social Safeguards Compliance Implementation of the present ESMF will require a total of US$ 520,600 for ESMF related staffing, training and capacity building of staff, contractors, training manuals, awareness materials, preparation of site specific EMP outreach and communication, and monitoring. This cost will be met from the allocation for the respective subproject. Table 3: Budget for Environmental and Social Safeguard Compliance No. Activities Unit Cost (US$) Duration Staffing, monitoring and training 1 Environmental Specialist 1 37,800 2 years, 4 months 2 Social Safeguards & Gender Specialist 1 37,800 2 years, 4 months 3 Various ESMF related trainings 15 200,000 3 training days/staff 4 EMA (External Monitoring Agency) 2 100,000 1st at mid way& 2nd by project completion Manuals and subproject ESMP 5 Preparation of Environmental & 1 15,000 1 month Social Safeguards Training Manual (local languages) An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 23 6 Preparation of Environmental & 1 10,000 1 month Social Safeguards Operational Manual Training and awareness to farmers, men, women, youth, and to private sector 7 Development Materials in Local 1 25,000 1 month Languages 8 Funding curricular activities in 2 40,000 2 years selected agricultural higher learning institutions (university colleges, and vocational learning centers) 9 Communication campaign (TV, 55,000 2 years Radio, newspapers, posters, mosques, etc.) Total 520, 600 Staffing, Monitoring and Training The AAIP have one (1) Environmental Specialist and one (1) Social Safeguard and Gender Specialist (female) for entire lifetime of the project (5 years). Manuals and subproject ESMP These will include: i. Preparation of Environmental & Social Safeguards Training Manual (local languages), Preparation of Environmental & Social Safeguards Operational Manual ii. Sub- Project-wise Preparation of Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP). Training and awareness campaigns These will include (i) development Materials in Local Languages, (ii) on-site training program on safeguards for men and women farmers, (iii) funding curricular activities in selected agricultural higher learning institutions (university colleges, and vocational learning centers), (iv) seminars on rights and obligations of inputs wholesalers and retailers, on products quality, with media coverage, and (v) a robust communication campaign (TV, Radio, newspapers, posters, mosques, etc.) for a total of US$ 495,000. ESS, SSS, will serve as facilitators for PMP scheduled trainings on safe handling, storage, distribution, and use of agrochemicals. Process and Responsibilities of Social and Environmental Screening/Assessment All schemes/sub-projects identified for implementation under the Project will be subjected to the screening process to ensure compliance with the provisions of this ESMF and to determine whether they are permissible and abide by all the legal requirements of the government and safeguard policies of the World Bank.  Proposals for schemes involving voluntary land donation or involuntary acquisition and resettlement or serious environmental issues would be subject to World Bank‘s prior review and clearance.  NEPA‘s approval would be sought where required under the Law  An independent third party/External Monitoring Agent (EMA) would review AAIP safeguards compliance at mid-term and at project completion. An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 24 E.9 Disclosure This Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) was developed by the MAIL on the basis of the generic Framework for World Bank-funded reconstruction operations, a review of the ESMF implementation in related WB-funded projects and a review of the specific requirements of the planned project. Prior to approval of the project by the World Bank, the ESMF and the associated Pest Management Plan was disclosed on September 10, 2012. The revised version of ESMF and RPF will be publicly disclosed on April 28, 2017 by MAIL in Afghanistan in both Dari and Pashto on the MAIL website, Libraries, HQ and provincial offices, MAIL implementing partners offices and by the WB on the external website. Annex 1: Industry/Facility Classification1 According to the National Environmental Impact Assessment Policy, potential polluters are divided into three categories (red, orange, green) according to degree of pollution. The red category comprises of several industries relevant to present project (highlighted). Red Category 1 NEPA, NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT POLICY. An Integrated Approach to Environmental Impact Assessment in Afghanistan; Final (November 2007) An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 25 1. Thermal power generation (> 200 MW) 2. Nuclear power generation and related activities (heavy water production, rare earths, etc.) 3. Petroleum refineries 4. Olefinic petrochemical complexes 5. Airports and other oil depots 6. Industrial parks 7. Production of petrochemical intermediates (DMT, Carpolactam, LAB, etc.) and basic plastics (LDPE, HDPE, PP, PVC) 8. Exploration of oil, gas and their production, transportation and storage 9. Cement plants 10. Production of fertilizers 11. Production or formulation of plant protection chemicals (pesticides, insecticides, and fungicides) 12. Chlor alkali industry 13. Production of hydrocyanic acid and its derivatives 14. Production of meta amino phenol 15. Production of asbestos and asbestos products 16. Glass and fiber glass production and processing 17. Production of synthetic rubber 18. Manufacture of resins 19. Production of viscose staple and filament yarn 20. Integrated paint complexes and manufacture of basic raw materials for paints 21. Pulp and paper mills 22. Newsprints 23. Production of bulk drugs and pharmaceuticals 24. Distilleries 25. Food processing (sugar mills, slaughtering, etc.) 26. Primary metallurgical industries (aluminum, copper, lead and zinc smelters, production of iron and steel and ferro-alloys) 27. Foundries 28. Electroplating 29. Metal finishing industries 30. Lime kilns 31. Mining of major minerals, coal, sulphur, precious stones, etc. (with leases > 5 ha) 32. Stone crushers 33. Dyes 34. Tanning and leather finishing 35. Integrated textile processing mills 36. Storage batteries integrated with manufacture of oxides of lead and lead antimony alloys Annex 2: Negative List of Sub-project Attributes Sub-projects with any of the attributes listed below will be ineligible for support under the Afghanistan Agricultural Inputs Project: Attributes of Ineligible Sub-projects An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 26 Involves the significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats. Including, but not limited to, any activity within:  Ab-i-Estada Waterfowl Sanctuary;  Ajar Valley (Proposed) Wildlife Reserve;  Dashte-Nawar Waterfowl Sanctuary;  Pamir-Buzurg (Proposed) Wildlife Sanctuary;  Bande Amir National Park;  Kole Hashmat Khan (Proposed) Waterfowl Sanctuary; and  Shewa Lake in Badakhshan Will significantly damage non-replicable cultural property, including but not limited to, any activities that affect the following sites:  Monuments of Herat (including the Friday Mosque, ceramic tile workshop, Musallah complex, Fifth Minaret, Gawhar Shah mausoleum, mausoleum of Ali Sher Navaii, and the Shah Zadehah mausoleum complex);  Monuments of Bamiyan Valley (including Fuladi, Kakrak, Shar-I Ghulghular and Shahr-i Zuhak);  Archaeological site of Ai Khanum;  Site and monuments of Ghazni;  Minaret of Jam;  Mosque of Haji Piyada/Nu Gunbad, Balkh province;  Stupa and monastry of Guldarra;  Site and monuments of Lashkar-i Bazar, Bost; and  Archaeological site of Surkh Kotal.  Other conservation hot spots Requires pesticides that fall in WHO classes IA, IB, or II. Supports commercial logging or plantations in forested areas. For any specific land acquisition please refer to RPF An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 27 Annex 3: Sub-project Screening Checklist A Environmental and Social Impacts No Impact Remarks Impact Low Medium High Location 1 Are there environmentally sensitive areas (forests, pastures, rivers and wetlands) or threatened species that could be adversely affected by the sub-project? 2 Does the sub-project area (or components of the project) occur within or adjacent to any protected areas designated by government (national park, national reserve, world heritage site, etc.)? 3 If the sub-projects are outside of, but close to, any protected area, is it likely to adversely affect the ecology within the protected areas (e.g., interference with the migration routes of mammals, fish or birds)? 4 Will the sub-projects reduce people‘s access to the pasture, water, public services or other resources that they depend on? 5 Might the sub-projects alter any historical, archaeological or cultural heritage site or require excavation near such a site? Physical and biological environment 6 Will sub-projects require large volumes of construction materials (e.g. gravel, stones, water, timber, firewood)? 7 Might the sub-projects lead to soil degradation or erosion in the area? 8 Might the sub-projects affect soil salinity? 9 Will the sub-projects create solid or liquid waste that could adversely affect local soils, vegetation, rivers, streams or groundwater? 10 Might river or stream ecology be adversely affected due to the installation of structures such as weirs, etc.? 11 Will the sub-projects have adverse impacts on natural habitats that will not have acceptable mitigation measures? 12 Do the sub-projects have human health and safety risks, during construction or later? 13 Might the sub-projects lead to migration into the area? Alternatives 14 Is it possible to achieve the objectives above in a different way, with fewer environmental and social impacts? B Land and Social Issues 1 Have all groups within the community been consulted about the proposed sub project? An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 28 2 Which groups have not been consulted? 3 Will the sub-projects require acquisition of land (public or private) and/or other assets for its development? 4 Will the sub-projects require voluntary land donations? 5 Will anyone be prevented from using economic resources (e.g. pasture, community place, forests etc.) to which they have had regular access? 6 Will the sub-projects result in the involuntary resettlement of individuals or families? 7 Will the sub-projects affect the livelihoods of particular groups within the communities, especially vulnerable groups such as the landless? 8 Will the sub-projects affect the well-being and livelihoods of women, particularly female-headed households? 9 Will the sub-projects benefit all groups within the community equally? 10 Are there ongoing land or water disputes within the community/ with neighboring communities? 11 Will the project activities lead to conflict on land usage 12 Does the project cause any temporary or permanent removal of vegetation, residential infrastructures such as garden, toilets, kitchen etc. C Local Minorities 1 Might the project adversely affect local minority groups or vulnerable people living in the area? 2 Are there members of these groups in the area who could benefit from this project? If any project affected people are suffering negative livelihood impact because of the project or any of their land or assets are impacted, or access to any of these, then further action is required in terms of identifying impact, consult with PAPs, minimize impact and find mitigation measures and compensation. D Pesticides and Waste Materials 1 Will the project result in the introduction of pesticides or an increase of use of pesticides 2 Will the project result in the production of solid or liquid waste (e.g. water, domestic or construction waste), or result in an increase in waste production, during construction or operation? E Security Concerns 1 Is there probability of the presence of land-mines or unexploded devices at or near the proposed sub- project area? An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 29 Annex 4: Protection of Cultural Property Physical culture includes monuments, structures, works of art, or sites of "outstanding universal value" from the historical, aesthetic, scientific, ethnological, or anthropological point of view, including unrecorded graveyards and burial sites. Within this broader definition, cultural property is defined as sites and structures having archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, or religious significance, and natural sites with cultural values. The AAIP is aiming at improving agricultural input delivery systems which is envisaged with activities that are unlikely to pose a risk of damaging cultural property, as the subprojects will largely consist of small investments on existing government properties free of such cultural significance. Furthermore, the negative list of attributes, which would make a subproject ineligible for support (Annex 2), includes any activity that would significantly damage non-replicable cultural property. Nevertheless, the following procedures for identification, protection from theft, and treatment of chance finds should be followed and included in standard bid documents. Chance Find Procedures Chance find procedures are defined in the law on Law on the Preservation of Afghanistan‘s Historical and Cultural Heritages and Artifacts (Official Gazette, April 16, 2004), specifying the authorities and responsibilities of cultural heritage agencies if sites or materials are discovered in the course of project implementation. This law establishes that all moveable and immovable historical and cultural artifacts are state property, and further:  The Archaeology Institute and the Historical Artifacts Preservation and Repair Department are both responsible to survey, evaluate, determine and record all cultural and historical sites and collect and organize all historical documents related to each specific site. No one can build or perform construction on the recorded historical and cultural site unless approved or granted permission or agreement is issued from the Archaeology Institute.(Art. 7)  All moveable and Immovable historical and cultural artifacts and heritage items that are discovered or remain buried and not discovered/excavated in Afghanistan are the property of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and any kind of trafficking of such items is considered theft and is illegal.(Art. 8)  Whenever municipalities, construction, irrigation or other companies (whether they are governmental or private) find or discover valuable historical and cultural artifacts during the conduct of their projects, they are responsible to stop their project and report any findings to the Archaeology Institute about the discovery.(Art. 10)  Any finder or discoverer of historical and cultural sites is obligated to report a find or discovery to the Archeology Institute immediately but not later than one week if it is in the city and not later than 2 weeks if it is in a province. All discovered artifacts are considered public properties and the Government of Afghanistan will pay for all lands and sites which are considered to be of historical or cultural value.(Art. 19, 1)  Whenever there is an immovable historical and cultural site discovered which includes some movable historical and cultural artifacts, all such movable artifacts are considered public property An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 30 and the owner of that property will be rewarded according to Article thirteen (13) of this Decree.(Art. 19, 2)  A person who finds or discovers a movable historical and cultural artifact is obligated to report the discovery to the Archaeology Department no later than seven (7) days if he/she lives in the capital city of Kabul, and in the provinces they should report the discovery to the Historical and Cultural Artifacts Preservation Department or Information and Culture Department or to the nearest governmental Department no later than fourteen (14) days.  Mentioned Departments in this article are responsible to report the issue to the Archaeology Department as soon as possible and the discoverer of the artifact will be rewarded according to Article 13 of this Decree. (Art. 26)  Whenever individuals who discover historical and cultural artifacts do not report such discoveries to the related Departments within the specified period according to Articles 19 and 26 of this Decree, they will be incarcerated for a minimum of one (1) month but not more than a maximum of three (3) months. (Art. 75) The above procedures must be referred to as standard provisions in construction contracts, when applicable. During project supervision, the Site Engineer shall monitor that the above regulations relating to the treatment of any chance find encountered are observed. Relevant findings will be recorded in World Bank Project Supervision Reports (PSRs), and Implementation Completion Reports (ICRs) will assess the overall effectiveness of the project‘s cultural resources mitigation, management, and capacity building activities, as appropriate. An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 31 Annex 5: Typical Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures for Sub-Projects Managing Environmental Impacts Environmental Potential Mitigation Measures Implementation Arrangements Concerns Impacts Identified Primary/Execution Supervision Design Stage Environmentally Adverse effects on flora Avoid the site altogether Regional PIU Technical Assistance sensitive areas like and fauna Carry out a detailed environmental survey environmental Team‘s Environmental forests, pastures, officer Officer rivers, etc close to the site Protected Adverse effects on flora Avoid the site altogether Regional PIU Technical Assistance areas/national and fauna; history/culture Carry out a detailed environmental survey environmental Team‘s Environmental reserve; cultural officer Officer heritage sites close to the site Presence of Threat to life and property Clearance as de-mining zone Regional PIU Technical Assistance landmines or environmental Team‘s Environmental unexploded devices at officer Officer or near the proposed site Soil erosion Risks of drainage failure Consider slope and pier protection with retaining structure Regional PIU Environmental and gabion environmental Officer/Design Engineer officer Design engineer Water borne diseases Increase incidence of Proper drainage of the area. Regional PIU Environmental disease such as Malaria Link to other agencies (government and NGOs) working on environmental Officer/Design Engineer and cholera health issues in the locality so that improved health care officer Design practices can be introduced to/adopted by local communities. engineer Construction Stage Soil Soil erosion Risks of drainage failure Plantation of appropriate vegetation on hill slopes and other Contractor/ Technical Assistance potentially erodible places Regional PIU Team‘s Environmental Design consideration for erosion: slope and pier protection environmental Officer/Design Engineer with retaining structure and gabion officer Design Appropriate earth compaction and in construction of access engineer roads An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 32 Restriction of vehicular and construction machinery movements when necessary Landscape Degradation Degradation of Loss of topsoil Replace stockpiled soil cover Contractor Regional PIU borrow areas Replant grass/ shrubs environmental officer Install sediment runoff control devices Ensure ongoing erosion monitoring Topsoil Loss of topsoil Stripping and storing of topsoil prior to construction and Contractor Regional PIU reuse it during construction environmental officer Generation of Landscape degradation Ensure contractors comply with contract provisions for PIU Supervisor Regional PIU excavated restoring landscape environmental officer materials/debris/waste materials Excess of const. Reduction of vegetation Twice as many will be planted PIU Supervisor Regional PIU ruction work may or cutting of trees environmental officer involve felling of trees Water Water Soil degradation Ensure proper drainage Contractor Regional PIU logging/salinity Environmental Officer Solid/Liquid Wastes and Hazardous Materials Wastes from Contamination from Include details on liquid and solid waste management Contractor Regional PIU new/potential activity wastes (collection, disposal, treatment, and detailed design sketches Environmental Officer in site of installations if planned on site…) Wastes from Contamination from All solid wastes to be collected and removed from the camp Contractor Regional PIU contractor‘s yard and wastes sites and disposed in local waste disposal sites Environmental Officer construction camp Provision of impervious base to storage areas to prevent contamination of hazardous materials to water sources, leaching into ground water Air and Noise Pollution Air pollution Discomfort and health Regular maintenance of vehicles and machinery used for Contractor PIU/ Environmental hazard construction Officer and supervisors Regular spraying of water in the materials mixing and handling areas/temporary access roads Noise pollution Necessary permission from NEPA if blasting is carried out Contractor PIU/ Environmental Regulation of vehicular movements, especially closed to Officer and supervisors An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 33 habitats Worker‘s health, Health impact Provide adequate protective devices, drinking water and Contractor PIU/ Environmental safety and hygiene sanitary facilities to workers Officer and supervisors Water borne diseases Increase incidence of Proper drainage of the Contractor PIU/ Environmental area Officer and supervisors Operation Stage disease such as malaria and cholera Fertilizer/pesticides Health hazards for human Community awareness on use of pesticides and agro- CDCs, Farmers PIU/ Social Safeguards runoff leading to and livestock chemicals in agricultural fields close to canal cooperatives, Specialist and Officer and pollution of canal water Women farmers supervisors associations, Regional/local Councils, Agricultural Inputs wholesalers and Water borne diseases Use of water channels as Maintain proper drainage of the area retailers CDCs, etc. Farmers PIU/ Social Safeguards Waste water drains cooperatives, Specialist and Officer and Periodic flushing of the channels Women farmers supervisors Incidence of diseases such associations, Environmental Officer /M as malaria and cholera Liaison with health authorities on early Regional/local & E unit Warning sign communication Councils, Agricultural Inputs wholesalers and retailers etc. An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 34 Annex 6: Template for Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) Sub-Project Potential Proposed Institutional Cost Comments activity Environmental Mitigation Responsibilities Estimates (e.g. and Social Measures secondary Impact impacts) Pre- Construction Phase (Design) Construction Phase Operation and Maintenance Phase An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 35 Annex 7a: Training Action Plan for Environmental and Social Safeguards No. Activity Schedule Responsibility Yr Yr Yr Yr 4 Yr 5 Yr 6 WB TTL and project PIU 1 2 3 team + PIU 1 Staff Recruitment at PIU Support job Impleme description and nt 2 Finalization of Training recruitment process In consultation with recruitm In consultation Plan PIU/MAIL ent WB TTL with and project 3 Development of Training Hire consultant team Provide inputs Manual to develop and arrange manual translation into 5 Conduct Training to Oversee and monitor Dari Oversee and CDC progress monitor progress members, farmers 6 cooperatives Conduct Training of PIU, Oversee and monitor Oversee and leaders social and progress monitor environmental progress safeguards officers on all aspects of liquid and solid waste management 7 Facilitate PMP scheduled Trainings of agrochemical handling related social environmental issues 8 Public awareness raising Organize in Organize, events coordination with PIU oversee and regional offices and 9 Monitoring and reporting WB TTL and monitor PIU HQ ESS on ESMF project team + PIU progress staff primarily implementation M&E staff to responsible 10 ESM Staff Training support (International) An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 36 Annex 7b: Training and Capacity-Building Activities at Different Level Staff Profile Type of Training Training Content Training Schedule ESS staff at PIU HQ In-country Identifying stakeholders and Preparation training To be conducting stakeholder analysis, Early in project conducted by social and environmental surveys i.e. year 1 international how to use screening checklist to onwards trainer(s) identify environmental and social issues associated with sub-projects Skill building to prepare environmental and social mitigation plans for individual sub-projects Leadership dynamics Developing and maintaining effective partnerships with NGOs and other stakeholders. Monitoring progress and evaluating impact. Effective communication – Communication for Development ESS staff at PIU HQ In-country training Technical capacity to Implementation Design and Site specific oversee/supervise contractors‘ Year 1 onwards Supervision staff To be conducted by environmental and social at PIU HQ and local and compliance Management staff international trainers Analysis of wildlife and of contractors vegetation related sensitivities of Engineers, the project Understanding of the Environment, key findings of the ESMF social, health and Preparation and implementation of safety staff of ESIAs of sub-projects and agreed contractors mitigation measures Preparation and implementation of contingency plans Construction crew of Site specific training Site specific environmental and Implementation the for sub-projects social issues Year 1 onwards contractors To be conducted by Preparation of site-specific health, Engineers, WB and PIU ESS safety, environment and social Environment, staff of the plan social, health and respective region Cover other topics such as safety staff of safe waste disposal, dust contractors management, etc. Drivers of the PIU On-site training Health, safety, environment and Implementation regional offices To be conducted by social plan Year 1 onwards Drivers of the ESS staff of PIU Road safety contractors and the contractor Road Oversight and TA restrictions by WB ESS Vehicle regional staff restrictions Defensive driving An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 37 Waste disposal and littering Social and cultural values of the area Camp staff of the On-site training HSES Implementation contractors To be conducted by plan; Year 1 onwards ESS staff of PIU Camp and the contractor operation Oversight and TA Waste by WB ESS disposal regional staff Natural resource conservation Housekeeping An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 38 Annex 8: Scheduling and Reporting by PIU Environmental and Social Specialist Activity Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Remarks Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Mitigation Measures ------------- ------------- etc. Monitoring ------------ ------------ etc. Institutional Strengthening ------------ ------------ etc. Training ------------ ------------ etc. Environmental and Social Progress Report Format Training & Key Mitigation Implementation capacity- Sl. Sub- environmental Lessons measures and monitoring building Convergence Remarks No Project and social learnt taken of ESMP programs issues implemented An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 39 Annex 9: Pesticides & chemicals banned/severely restricted but sold in Afghanistan It is illegal in Afghanistan to import, manufacture, formulate, offer, hold in stock, sell, use or advertise the following banned chemicals – even if the law is not enforced: Pesticide/ Chemical Compound Banned 1. 2,4,5-T (2,4,5 Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid) 27. PARATHION-METHYL (Toxic Oragno- 2. ALDRIN Phophorus Pesticide present in ―Spiridin) 3. ALDICARB 28. HCH 4. BENOMYL+CARBOFURAN+THIRAM 29. HEPTACHLOR 5. Formulation 30. HEZACHLOROBENZENE 6. BENZENE HEXACHLORIDE 31. LINDANE (Present in Thiodal form 7. BINAPACRYL Senegal) 8. CALCIUM CYANIDE 32. MALEIC HYDRAZIDE 9. CAPTAFOL (80% Powder) 33. MENAZONE 10. CABOFURON (50% SP) 34. MERCURY COMPOUNDS 11. CHLOROBENILATE 35. METHAMIDOPHOS FORM 12. CHLOROBROMOPROPANE 36. METHOMYL 12.5% L 13. CHLORODANE 37. METHOMYL 24% L 14. CHLORODIMEFORM 38. METHYL BROMIDE 15. COPPER ACETOARSENITE 39. METHYL PARATHION 16. DDT (Persistent Organo-Phosphate, found in 40. MONOCROTOPHOS and its Formulations Cock Brand Coil from PRC) 41. NICOTIN SULFATE 17. DIELDRIN 42. NITROFEN 18. DINOSEB 43. PARAQUAT DIMETHYL SULFATE 19. DINOSERBY SALTS (DNOC and its salts) 44. PARATHION 20. ENDRIN 45. PENTACHLORO-NITROBENZENE 21. ETHYL MERCURY CHLORIDE 46. PENTACHLOROPHENOL 22. ETHYL PARATHION 47. PHENYL MERCURY ACETATE 23. EHTYLENE DIBORMIDE (EDB) 48. PHOSPHAMIDON 24. ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE 49. SODIUM METHANE ARSENATE 25. ETHYLENE OXIDE 50. TAA (Trichloro Acetic Acid) 26. FLUOROACETAMIDE Source: Plant Protection and Quarantine Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnadm436.pdf An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 40 Annex 10: Pesticides sold and used in Afghanistan with and/or without the governments Consent2 S.N Trade Class Status Manufacturer Active Ingredient Area of Use Name 1 2,4.D III C Rhône Poulenc 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid Herbicide broad leaf weeds 2 6-Fenoxy None R Qingdao Jiner Fenoxaprop-p- ethyl Herbicide supper Agrochemicals 3 Abamore None R Shenyang Dimethylavermectin alamixture Insecticide jinlaiwang + dimethyl 2.5-di (1- Chemical methylpropyl) -2.5 (methylethyl) avermectine 4 Abomore None R Shenyang Abamectin Insecticide jinlaiwang Chemical 5 Acis II C Aventis Deltmethrin Insecticide 6 Acarus None C Fenpyroximate Acaricide 7 Afra None C Calliope Cypermethrin Insecticide 8 Agreezor None C 6+12+6 Fe+Zn+TE Supplementary 9 Agrifol EC III C Dicofol Insecticide 10 Aluminium None R Aluminium Phosphides Rodenticide Phosphides 11 Ametrin None C Cayno (3 phnoxy phenyl) Insecticide (methyl 3-(2-2,- dichloroethenyl)- 2,2- 12 Amitraz None R Amitraz Insecticide 13 Antracal wp None R Propine other ingrediets Fungicide 14 Arisban II R Dow Chlorpyrifos Insecticide AgroScience 15 Arisbon II C Dow Chlorpyrifos Insecticide AgroScience 16 Atlantis None C Mesosulfuron-mythel Herbicide 17 Azylon None C Phosalone Insecticide 18 Best None C Supplementary 19 Bioestrene None C Fe Supplementary 20 Biomax II C Dow Chlorpyrifos Insecticide AgroScience 21 Bordeaux None C Tobacco and soap Insecticide Mixture 22 Bordeaux II C Copper sulphate and lime Bactericide 23 Boxer EC II R Zeneca Lambda-cyhalothrin Insecticide 24 Buthchi None R Buthachlor Herbicide 25 Chlorofet- None C Chlorofet Insecticide 26 Chlorpyrifos II C Dow Chlorpyrifos Insecticide AgroScience 27 Ciran None R Zn, I, B, Cu, Mg, Mn, P, N, Cl Supplementary 28 Citruban II C Dow Chlorpyrifos Insecticide AgroScience 29 Confidor SL II C Imidacloprid Insecticide 2 Approved Pest and pesticide Management Plan (2011); Afghanistan Agricultural Inputs Project (AAIP) An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 41 30 Copper II C Copper oxychloride, Fungicide oxychloride inertingrediets 31 copravit None C Copper Fungicide 32 Copravet None C Copper oxychloride Fungicide Blue 50% 33 Crops plus None C Increase crops growth Fungicide 34 Crown SL II C Imidacloprid 200 mg/L Insecticide 35 Cyclodan None C Endosulfan + Emulsifier- Insecticide EC Stabilizer Solvent 36 Cypermetho None C Insecticide ate 37 Cypermethri None C Calliope Cypermethrin Insecticide n1WP 38 Cupervit None C Dipteryx Malathion Insecticide 39 Daemavite None C Immolation Insecticide 40 Damon None R Bromopropylate Acaricide 41 Danadim EC II C Cyanamid Dimethoate Insecticide 42 Danitol EC II R Fenpropthrin Insecticide 43 Dasa-1 None C Growth hormones for grapes Supplementary 44 Deltamethri II R Aventis Deltamethrin Insecticide n 45 Deltamethri II R Aventis Deltamethrin Emulsifier Insecticide 46 Denadol EC II C Cyanamid Dimethoate + and immolathion Insecticide 47 Denadoul III C Calliope Malathion Insecticide 48 Dena Super None C S-12 bis (Ethoxycarbony) Insecticide ethyl10.0 Dimethyl Phosphorodithioate 49 Diazinon II R Marubeni Diazinon Insecticide to control stem borers of cereals sugarcane, millipedes, locusts and grasshoppers 50 Dicofol III C Dicofol Acaricide 51 Diflubenzur U R N-[[(4- chlorophenyl ) amio] Insecticide on carboyl] -2,6- difluorbenzamide 52 Dimethoate II C Cyanamid Dimethoate Insecticide 53 Dimethoate II C Cyanamid Dimethoate Insecticide 54 Dimilin II A Uniroyal Diflubenzuron (60g/l) Insecticide against Chemical locusts 55 Dipterex II R Trichlorophon Insecticide 56 Dragon III C Calliope Glyphosate Herbicide 57 Eagle EC None R Calliope cypermethrin Insecticide 58 Endoria II R Changzhou Endosulfan Insecticide Biochemical Co. 59 Endosulfan II R Changzhou Endosulfan Insecticide Biochemical Co. 60 Ethion None C Ethion Insecticide 61 Fenoxysuper None R Extractable Acid Insecticide 62 Fenvalerate II C China Atropine sulphate Insecticide AgroChem An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 42 63 Fenvalerate II C China Fenvalerate Insecticide AgroChem 64 Fifanoun None C Nanjing Malathion Insecticide Chemicals 65 Flea & Tick II C Zeneca Lambda-Cyhalothrin Insecticide 66 Foliol winter None C Mineral oil Preventive 67 Gima None R Neo Pynamin + Solvent + LPG (Propan butan) 68 Green crop None C N,K,B,Zn,Mg,Cu Supplementary 69 Green Crop None C N,K,Zn, Mg,Cu Supplementary 70 Haloxyfop None R Haloxyfop-R methyl Exter Herbicide 71 Hawk None R Ioxynil Octanoate Herbicide 72 Hef oil None R Sulphonation Fungicide 73 Helal Pearl II R Imedaclopride Insecticide 74 Herbikill I and C Vapco Paraquat Herbicide II 75 Icon 1 III C Zeneca Perethroid lambda-Cyhalothrin Insecticide 76 Ifra None C Calliope Cypermethrin Insecticide 77 Illograss III C Diclofop Methyl Herbicide 78 Imidacloprid II C Imidacloprid Insecticide 79 Imidacloprid II R Imidacloprid + Methylena bis Insecticide WP – naphthalines + Sodium Sulphonate + Sodium Lauryl Sulphate + Light Calcium Carbonate 80 Imidacloprid II C Imidacloprid + Other Insecticide 2 ingredients 81 Killer EC None R Diethyl mercaptosuccinate Insecticide 82 Kissan SL Ib C methamidophos [O,S- Insecticide dimethyl phosphoramidothiate] 83 Kumulus - None C Active ingredients + others Fungicide 84 Karate II C Zeneca Lembda-Cyhalothrin Insecticide 85 Lannat SP None C Thioacetimidate- Insecticide 86 Lazer EC Non C Cypermthrin + Dimethoate + Insecticide other ingredients 87 Lobello II R Aventis Deltamethrine Insecticide 88 Lorsban EC II C Dow Chlorpyrifos Insecticide AgroScience 89 Mactomeil None C Calliope Cypermethrin 100, Immolation Insecticide 90 Malathion None C Malathion Insecticide 91 Mancozeb U C Mancozeb + Other Ingredients Fungicide 92 Mantax- U C Mancozeb + copper + Fungicide forte xychloride and sulfate + Iron sulfate 93 Manthane U C Mancozeb Fungicide 94 Matador II R Zeneca Fenpropathrin Insecticide 95 Matox none C Tetramethrin Insecticide 96 Mr-Clean None Parathyroid Insecticide 97 Naboud II Calliope Cypermethrin 1 Insecticide 98 Oxadiazon U C 5- tert-butyl 1-4dicloro-5) Herbicide 99 Padan SP None R Cartap Hydrochloride Insecticide 100 Padide II C Senchim AG Cypermethrin kind of crawling Insecticide 101 Paraxon I and R Zeneca Paraquat Herbicide An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 43 II 102 Paraxon SL None C 1,1dimethyl 4,4 bipyridilium Herbicide and dichloride 103 Partner w/p III C Isoproturon Herbicide 104 Parto II C Calliope Cypermethrin- Insecticide 105 Parumi None C Permethrin- Insecticide 106 Patak None C Senchim AG Tetramethrin + Cypermethrin, Insecticide Perfum + Solvents and 107 Patron II C Calliope Cypermethrin Insecticide 108 Peykar None C Senchim AG D-allethrine Tetramethrine + Insecticide Cypermethrine + Pipronlle butoxide Solvent + Propellant 109 Power II C Dow Chlorpyrifos Insecticide AgroScience 110 Project None C Propargite Acaricide 111 Pujing EC None C Fenozaprop-p-ethyl Herbicide 112 Puma Super None C Puma Herbicide 113 Puma super None C Fenozaprop-p-ethyl + other herbicide EW ingredients 114 Pyridate None C Pyridate Herbicide 115 Radical None C EPTC Herbicide 116 Rat Kill Ib C Zinc phosphide Rodenticide 117 Rest II C Propiconazole Fungicide 118 Roundup III C Glyphosate 490 gm and inert Herbicide material 119 Sahara None C Rodenticide 120 Sevan wp None C Insecticide 121 Seven Top None C Insecticide 122 Spain ghar None C All micronutrients Supplementary 123 Spot None C 124 Stream None C Tridemorph Fungicide 125 Sulfur None C Sulfur Fungicide 126 Sunicidin None C Cyano-3phenoxy-benzl- 2(4chlorophenyl)- 3methyl- butyrate+optanal 127 Supercide None C Methidathion Insecticide 128 Superdin None C Calliope Malathion + immolathion Insecticide 129 Super None C Superdithion + Amosulphide Insecticide 130 Super Don None C Superdon 131 Super None C N,P,Mg,S,Boron,Co,Ma,Iron Supplementary 132 Super II C Dow Chloropyrifos Insecticide AgroScience 133 Super None C Calliope Malathion Insecticide Malathion 134 Super sure None C Calliope Malathion + immolation Insecticide 135 Super Tonic None C Co. + Ma. + N Supplementary 136 Super top None C C23H19CIF3NO3 Insecticide 137 Super top None R Parathyroid Insecticide 138 Super work None R Extractable acid , 2,4 Insecticide U46 Combi Dunethumin salt Fluid 139 Systan Ib R Oxydemeton-methy Insecticide 140 Taromar None C Senchim AG Cypermethrin PBD, Perfume Insecticide An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 44 100 Thiodan EC II C Senchim AG Endosulfan Insecticide 101 Timer EC None C Qingdao Jiner Emamectin benzoate Insecticide AgroChem 102 Tophas None C Calliope Malathion Insecticide 103 Topgun None R Clodinafop Propargyl Herbicide 104 Trichlorfon II R Dow Trichlorfon Insecticide AgroScience 105 Trymethoate None C Cyanamid Immolation Insecticide 40%EC 106 Unigol None C K,P,N,I,EDTAchelate,Z,Boron, Supplementary Mg,Co,Mo 107 Vacomil- None C Copper Oxycholoride Fungicide Plus 50 108 Vetavax None R Thiram , Emulsifier Fungicide thiram wp 109 Wettasul- None C Sulphur Fungicide 110 Zed None C Calliope Cypermethrine Insecticide 111 Zineb wp U C Active Ingredients + Zinc Fungicide ethylenebis (dithiocarbamate) (polymeric) + Others 112 Zinc Ib R Zinc Phosphide Rodenticide Phosphidew/ 113 Zubin II C Sumitomo Fenvalerate Insecticide 114 Zubin EC None C Sumitomo Cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl) + Insecticide methyl-4-chloro-a 115 Zineb wp U C Active Ingredients + Zinc Fungicide ethylenebis (dithiocarbamate) (polymeric) + Others Source: Plant Protection and Quarantine Department; and ASAP-PERSUAP The table above shows the inventory of pesticides that have been retrieved from survey of all the stakeholders. Furthermore, the database has been divided into different categories on various classification bases i.e. on pesticide type bases, systemic/contact etc. also classified according to world standards based on their active ingredients as A= environmentally friendly; C= acceptable; R=dangerous; RR= very dangerous; and B= Banned. Unfortunately, among all the pesticides in the inventory only the ―Dimilin‖ insecticide falls under the environmental friendly (A) category. An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 45 Annex 11: Good management practices guide and pesticides management measures Required measures for the reduction of pesticides-related risks Safe use of pesticides Pesticides are toxic for pests and also for humans. However, if sufficient precautions are taken, they should not constitute a threat either for the human population or for non-targeted animal species. Most of them can have harmful effects if swallowed or in case of prolonged contact with the skin. When a pesticide is sprayed in the form of fine particles, there is a risk of absorbing them with the air we breathe. There is also a risk of water, food and soil contamination. Specific precautions should therefore be taken during the transportation, storage and handling of pesticides. The spraying equipment should be regularly cleaned and well maintained to avoid leakages. The individuals using pesticides should learn how to use them safely. Pesticides registration Reinforce the registration process of insecticides by ensuring:  Streamlining, between the national pesticides registration system and other products used in Public Health;  Adoption of World Health Organization (WHO) specifications applicable to pesticides for national registration process purposes;  Reinforcement of the pilot regulatory body;  Collection and publication of data relating to imported and manufactured products;  Periodical review of registration. It is also recommended, when planning to buy pesticides to control vectors, to consult the guiding principles issued by the WHO. For the acquisition of insecticides intended for public health use, the following guidelines are recommended:  Develop national guidelines applicable to the purchase of products intended for vector control and ensure that all the agencies buying them strictly comply with those guidelines;  Use synthetic Pyrethroids: Deltamethrin SC, Permethrin EC, Vectron, Icon, Cyfluthrin, as recommended by the national policy;  Refer to the guiding principles issued by WHO or FAO on calls for tenders, to FAO  recommendations regarding labelling and to WHO recommendations regarding products (for indoor spraying  Include in calls for tenders, the details regarding technical support, maintenance, training and products recycling that will be part of the after-sale service committing manufacturers; apply the back-to- sender principle;  Control the quality and quantity of each lot of insecticides and impregnated supports before receiving the orders;  Ensure that the products are clearly labelled in English and in local language (Dari/Pashto) and in the strict respect of national requirements;  Specify which type of package will guarantee efficiency, preservation duration as well as the An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 46 human and environmental security of handling packaged products while strictly complying with national requirements;  Ensure that donated pesticides intended for public health, comply with the requirements of the registration process in The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and can be used before their expiry date;  Establish a consultation, before receiving a donation, between the ministries, agencies concerned and the donors for a sound use of the product;  Request users to wear protective gears (clothes and equipment) recommended in order to reduce their exposure to insecticides to the strict minimum;  Obtain from the manufacturer a physic-chemical analysis report and the product acceptability certification;  Request the manufacturer to submit an analysis report of the product and of its formulation along with guidelines to follow in case of intoxication;  Request the buying agency to perform a physic-chemical analysis of the product before shipment arrival. Precautions Labeling Pesticides should be packaged and labeled according to WHO standards. The label should be written in English and in Dari/Pashto language; it should indicate the content, the safety instruction (warning) and any action to be taken in case of accidental ingestion or contamination. The product should always remain in its original container. Take all appropriate precautionary measures and wear protective gears/clothes in accordance with recommendations. Storage and transportation Pesticides should be stored in a place that can be locked up and is not accessible to unauthorized individuals or children. The pesticides, should, in no event, be stored in a place where they could be mistaken for food/medicine or beverage. They should be kept dry and out of the sun. They should not be transported in a vehicle that also carries food products. In order to ensure safety during storage and transportation, the public or private agency in charge of managing purchased insecticides and insecticide-impregnated supports, should comply with the current regulations as well as the conservation conditions recommended by the manufacturer regarding:  Preservation of the original label;  Prevention of accidental pouring or overflowing;  Use of appropriate containers;  Appropriate marking of stored products;  Specifications regarding the local population;  Products separation;  Protection against humidity and contamination by other products;  Restricted access to storage facilities;  Locked storage facilities to guarantee product integrity and safety. Pesticides warehouses should be located far from human residences or animal shelters, water supplies, wells and channels. They should be located on an elevated surface and secured with fences with restricted access for authorized individuals only. Pesticides should not be stored in places where they could be exposed to sunlight, to water or to humidity, which could harm their stability. Warehouses should be secured and well ventilated. An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 47 Pesticides should not be transported in the same vehicle with agricultural products, food products, clothes, toys or cosmetics as these products could become dangerous in case of contamination. Pesticides containers should be loaded in vehicles in order to avoid damages during transportation, so that their labels will not tear off and they would slip off and fall on a road with an uneven surface. Vehicles transporting pesticides should bear a warning sign placed conspicuously and indicating the nature of the cargo. Distribution Distribution should be based on the following guidelines:  Packaging (original or new packaging) should ensure safety during the distribution and avoid the unauthorized sale or distribution of products intended for vector control;  The distributor should be informed and made aware of the dangerous nature of the cargo;  The distributor should complete delivery within the agreed deadlines;  The distribution system of insecticides and impregnated supports should enable to reduce the risks associated with the numerous handlings and transportations;  In the event the purchasing department is not able to ensure the transportation of the products and materials, it should be stipulated in the call for tenders that the supplier is expected to transport the insecticides and impregnated supports up to the warehouse;  For all pesticides and spraying equipment the distributors should have an exploitation permit in accordance with the current regulation in force in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Disposal of pesticide stocks After the operations, the remaining stocks of pesticides can be disposed off without risk by dumping them in a hole dug specifically or in a pit latrine. A pesticide should not be disposed of by throwing it in a place where there is a risk of contaminating drinking water or for bathing or where it can reach a pond or a river. Some insecticides, such as pyrethroids, are very toxic for fish. Dig a hole to at least 100 meters from any stream, well or habitat. If in hilly areas, the whole must be dug below. Pour all waters used for hand washing after the treatment away from streams and rivers. Bury all containers, boxes, bottles, etc. that have contained pesticides. Reseal the hole as quickly as possible. Packaging or cardboard, paper or plastic containers— the latter cleaned — can be burnt, if allowed, far away from homes and drinking water sources, avoiding the re-use of containers after cleaning. Pyrethroid suspensions can be discharged on a dry soil where they are quickly absorb and then will go through a decomposition process making them harmless for the environment. If there is an amount of insecticide solution left, it can be used to destroy ants and cockroaches. Simply pour a little bit of solution on infested areas (under the kitchen sink, in corners) or to rub a sponge soaked with water on it. To temporarily prevent insect proliferation, a certain amount of solution can be poured inside and around latrines or on other breeding places. Pyrethroid suspensions for mosquito nets treatment and other fabrics can be used days after their preparation. It can also be used to treat mats and rope mattresses to prevent mosquito to bite from the bottom. Mattresses can also be treated against bugs. Cleaning of empty pesticide packaging and containers Re-using empty pesticide containers is risky and it is not recommended to do so. However, it is estimated that some pesticide containers are very useful to be simply thrown away after use. Can we therefore clean and re-use such containers? This depends both on the material and the content. In principle, the label should An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 48 indicate the possibilities for re-using containers and how to clean them. Containers having contained pesticides classified as hazardous or extremely dangerous should not be re- used. Under certain conditions, containers of pesticides classified as dangerous or that do not present any risk under normal use, can be re-used unless they are not used as food or drink containers or as food containers for animal food. Containers made of materials such as polyethylene that preferentially absorb pesticides, must not be re-used if they have contained pesticides whose active ingredient has been classified as moderately or extremely dangerous regardless of the formulation. Once a recipient is empty, it should be rinsed, then filled completely with water and allowed to stand for 24 hours. Then it should be emptied and this process should be done over again. General Hygiene Do not eat, drink or smoke when handling insecticides. Food should be placed in tightly closed containers. Measurement, dilution and transfer of insecticides should be done with the adequate material. Do not shake or take liquid with unprotected hands. If the nozzle is blocked, press the pump valve or unblock the opening with a flexible rod. After each fill, wash hands and face with water and soap. Eat and drink only after washing hands and face. Take a shower or a bath at the end of the day. Individual protection  Adapted coveralls covering hands and legs  Dust, gas and respirator masks, based on the type of treatment and product used  Gloves  Goggles  Hoods (facial shield) Protection of the population  Minimize the exposure of local populations and livestock  Cover wells and other reservoirs  Sensitize populations on risks Protective clothing Treatments inside homes Operators should wear coveralls or a long sleeves shirt over a pair of pants, a flapped hat, a turban or any other type of headgear as well as boots or big shoes. Sandals are not suitable. Nose and mouth should be protected using a simple method, for example a disposable paper mask, a disposable surgical or washable mask or a clean cotton cloth. Once the fabric is wet, it should be changed. Clothing must be in cotton for easy washing and drying. It must cover the body and contain no opening. In hot and humid climates, it can be uncomfortable to wear additional protective clothing; therefore one will be forced to spray pesticides during hours when it is not very hot. Preparation of suspensions People responsible for bagging insecticides and preparing suspensions, particularly for the treatment of mosquito bed net units must take special precautions. In addition to the above-mentioned protective clothing, they must wear gloves, an apron and eye protection, for example a facial shield or glasses. Facial shields protect the entire face and keep less warm. Nose and mouth should be covered as indicated for treatment in An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 49 homes. They should ensure that they do not touch any part of their body with gloves during pesticide handling. Treatment of nets To treat mosquito nets, clothes, grills or with tsetse traps with insecticides, it is necessary to wear long rubber gloves. In some cases, additional protection is required, for example against vapours, dusts or insecticide dusting that could be dangerous. These additional protective accessories should be mentioned on the product label and may consist of aprons, boots, facial masks, coveralls and hats. Maintenance Protective clothing should always be impeccably maintained and should be checked periodically to verify tearing, wearing that could lead to skin contamination. Protective clothing and equipment should be washed daily with water and soap. Particular attention should be paid to gloves and they must be replaced once they are torn or show signs of wear. After usage, they should be rinsed in water before removing them. At the end of each working day, they will need to be washed inside and outside. Safety measures During spraying Spurt form the sprayer must not be directed towards any part of the body. A leaking sprayer must be repaired and skin must be washed if it is accidentally contaminated. The household pets must stay outside during the whole spraying activity. Avoid treating a room where there is a person — a sick person for example — who cannot be taken outside. Before starting spraying activities, kitchen utensils should be taken out and all utensils as well as dishes containing drinks and food. They can be gathered in the centre of the room and covered with plastic film. Hammocks and paintings should not be treated. The bottom part of furniture and the side against the wall should be treated while ensuring that surfaces are effectively treated. Sweep or wash the floor after spraying. Occupants should avoid contact with walls. Clothing and equipment should be washed every day. Avoid spraying organophosphate or carbamate for more than 5 to 6 hours daily and wash hands after each filling. If Fenitrothion is used or old stocks of Malathion are used, operators should control the level of cholinesterase in their blood every week. Monitoring exposure to organophosphate There are country kits available on the market to control cholinesterase activity in the blood. If this activity is low, it can be concluded that there is excessive exposure to organophosphate insecticide. These dosages should be done every week with people handling such products. Any person whose cholinesterase activity is very low should be stopped from working until it returns to normal. Fabric spraying When handling insecticide concentrates or preparing suspensions, gloves should be worn. Attention should be paid particularly to spraying in the eyes. A big bowl not too high should be used and the room should be well ventilated to avoid inhaling smokes. Measures to minimize transportation, storage, handling and usage risks Step Risks Mitigating measures An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 50 Determining Public health Environment Personnel Transport factor Lack of training Accidental Product - training—in-depth discharge, water- inhalation : sensitization of pesticide table pollution vapor, dust, risk management personnel on through leaching of skin contact all aspects of the pesticide Storage Lack of means Accidental Soil Skin contact chain as well as on Deficit in contamination contamination through Contact emergency responses pesticide Inconvenience with the skin - provide the personnel management of populations through with protective equipment training living in the accidental and encourage them to vicinity spillage caused wear it by the - Provide the personnel narrowness of with adequate storage the premises facilities, refurbish Handling and Deficit in Contamination Soil Vapor existing sites manipulation training and of water contamination Inhalation, skin - proceed to awareness- sensitization sources through through contact through raising among the public washing of accidental splashing on pesticide use and their containers spillage or during containers intentional preparation or - training for a safe discharge, water- product transfer disposal of empty table pollution containers Disposal of Deficit in Product Skin contact - ban transfer to high packaging training and ingestion by re- and respiratory volume containers sensitization using containers tract - reduce the quantity of Washing of Deficit in Skin contact, Acute poisoning pesticides used through Skin contact containers training and contamination of fish and other use of efficient alternatives sensitization of wells and Crustacea, nearby streams pollution of wells, ponds, water-tables Poisoning symptoms and appropriate care to victims Poisoning symptoms Appropriate care  Rinse well with tap water Eye contamination (pain or irritation)  If the condition worsens, consult a physician  Wash affected part with water, never with oil Skin irritation (tingling and burning  Apply a soothing cream on it sensation)  If symptoms persist, consult a physician  Rest Tiredness, headaches or dizziness  Do not start over until after complete rest  If symptoms persist, consult a physician  Stay in the shadow Lungs contamination  Place under medical observation Treatment methods of empty containers Treatment of empty containers is focused on two fundamental activities: decontamination and the actual disposal with its primary packaging. Decontamination It comprises three steps and concerns all pesticides containers: An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 51  Ensure maximum product emptying and drainage for 30 seconds (the content is emptied into a mixing container, in glass for the final dosage (for spraying) ;  Rinse the container at least three times with a volume of water not less than 10% of the container total volume;  Pour-rinsed water in a sprayer, in a pit (spraying).  A decontaminated container does not however, qualify for storage of food or animal feed or for water or domestic consumption. Disposal Unless intended for recycling, the first disposal activity consists in making them unusable for other purposes: « packaging». Holes should be made with a sharp tool and the container should be flattened when it is metal cans and drums; glass bottles should be broken in a bag to avoid splinters; plastics are shredded and ground. Capsules and screws are removed beforehand. Combustible containers are disposed off through monitored burning (paper and plastic packaging [PVC containers must not be burnt], carton) or deposited in a landfill accepting toxic waste of this nature (tear into pieces plastic jugs, glass containers and metal cans); ashes resulting from burning in the air are buried. However, the sticker on the container can bear a notice not recommending burning. Indeed, burning for example of some phenoxyacetic acid-based herbicidal containers can lead to the release of fumes toxic for human and surrounding flora. Precautions: combustion must neither take place under conditions where wind is likely to send toxic smoke towards houses, livestock, and granary in the vicinity, nor towards those carrying the operation. Non-combustible high volume recipients 50 to 200 liters can follow the chain as follows:  Return to supplier,  Sale/recovery to/by a company specialized in the sale of drums and used barrels with adherent material toxicity neutralization technologies that can proceed to recovery,  Evacuation towards a monitored landfill whose owner is informed of drums content and is warned about the potential release of toxic fumes if combustion is applied,  Evacuation towards a private site, fenced, guarded, while respecting environmental standards and used specifically for pesticides. Non-combustible low volume recipients up to20 liters are either:  Conveyed towards public landfill, or  Buried on private site after removal of capsules or covers, perforation of containers, breaking of glass containers. The pit with a depth of 1 to 1.5 m used for burial purposes will be filled up to 50 cm of the soil surface and then covered with soil. The site will be away from homes and water bodies (wells, ponds, rivers), should not be cultivated and will not be in a flooding area; ground-water level should be at least at 3 m from the soil surface, the soil must be waterproof (clay-like or light sandy). The site will be fenced and identified. An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 52 Annex 12: Basic principles of integrated control of pests and diseases PRINCIPLES IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS PRINCIPLE Choose seeds, cuttings, tubers or residues from very The use of quality planting material will 1 productive, healthy varieties and resistant to provide a healthy and productive and Obtain and pests/diseases. To obtain certified seeds, contact consequently a quality harvest. Certified plant quality national registered seeds growers or the national seed varieties are often resistant to planting research centers for seed multiplication. Farmers could several pests and diseases. Remember the material plant material taken from healthy plants from the popular saying that good seeds make good previous campaign. Do not stock planting material for harvests. more than one season. PRINCIPLE Select soils with good natural drainage, suitable for Crops need a maximum soil/land and 2 cultivation. water management to develop and Choose fertile Some farming (low-land rice or irrigated rice for compete effectively with weeds. soils and areas example) prefer submerged soils. adapted to Always perform cultivation in weed-free farms. planting PRINCIPLE Establish nurseries on disease-free soils to promote After replanting in farm, rigorous 3 growth of seedlings. seedlings will produce sturdy plants. Adopt good Cover the sol with mulch of Neem leaves or dry grass practices in or straws. nursery PRINCIPLE Plant in line, with an appropriate spacing for the crop A very high density prevents crop 4 species to avoid an excessive density. Intercropping is development and by creating a humid Adopt devices generally practiced in rows, alternated rows or strips. environment, encourages the emergence and adequate of diseases. Planting in line help save planting seeds and carry out easily agricultural devices activities such as (weeding) in weed control. PRINCIPLE Schedule planting to avoid periods of pest and disease The crop defies strong incidence of pests 5 prevalence in farms. Coordinate plantation dates at the and diseases during their development and Planting crops regional/provincial level to prevent pest from growth. Pest development cycle is at the right moving/migrating between crops and to maintain a interrupted. Pest populations do not have time to seasonal rest period. the necessary time to reproduce massively. PRINCIPLE Plant successively crop that do not have common pests Crop rotation prevents the proliferation 6 (cereals and root and tuber crops rotation with of diseases and soil-borne pest Practice crop vegetables and legumes for example). (nematodes or pathogens for example), rotation Plant blanket crops during fallow (for example velvet as well as diapausing or overwintering bean and other legumes). insect pest survival. Blanket crops enrich soils and suffocate weeds. PRINCIPLE Cover the ground with mulch, improve soil with Poor soils are enriched at little cost to 7 compost or organic fertilizer and if needed, correct the stimulate the growth and development of Adopt good nutrient balance with mineral fertilizers to enrich less healthy crops and to obtain high yields, soil fertile soils. if fertilizer is used in a cost-effective conservation Split fertilizer inputs, particularly nitrogen to better manner. practices meet crop needs. PRINCIPLE Plant in soils with good natural drainage (except for rice). Crop development and growth are not 8 If necessary, build drainage channels to eliminate excess compromised by lack of water; in Adopt water; prepare water harvesting channel or pod (in millet addition crops do not suffer from water adequate and or sorghum, for example) for sufficient water reserve. In logging. proper water irrigated condition, irrigate plants regularly depending on management their need. practices An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 53 PRINCIPLE Place crops in weed-free farms. To prevent the This measure helps to save labor cost and 9 production of seeds with weeds, hoe within three weeks avoid harming crop roots. Competition Regular after planting and hand-hoe superficially until the crop is between crops and weeds is eliminated; weeding covered. the latter fail to produce seeds. Parasitic Pull out first weed seedlings before flowering and bolting. weeds cannot settle in farms. PRINCIPLE Inspect farms every week to monitor crop growth and Regular inspection of farms enables 10 development, follow the development of auxiliaries and farmers detect problems and implement Regular farm quickly detect the emergence of hot spot pests, diseases necessary integrated control measures to inspections and weeds; carryout an agro-ecosystem analysis and avoid extension of damage and, decide on crop activities to be carried out. consequently, considerable yield losses. PRINCIPLE Always keep farms clean. Remove all residues (plants These results prevent pests and disease 11 from previous year and plant residues for example); most proliferation and their movement from Keep farms residues are used as forage for livestock. Pull out and plant to plant. Pest and diseases cannot perfectly destroy crops with disease symptoms at early vegetative spread to the whole farm. clean cycle. After harvest, remove crop residues (mow them and use them as livestock forage or bury them as soil amendment) PRINCIPLE Adopt a strategy on the prevention and growth of Pest and diseases problems under control 12 auxiliaries. Avoid control methods (excessive use of contribute to a high and sustainable Combat pests pesticides) that are harmful to human or crops as well as production with low-cost inputs. Natural and diseases those causing environmental degradation; give products are cheaper and less harmful to effectively preference to mechanical or natural methods (neem tree human and the environment. seeds/leaves extract, soapy solution for example). If the PRINCIPLE use Adopt of practices pesticide chemical that enabling compulsory, create becomes environmental (for Pest populations are efficiently and 13 example in case of outbreaks of Sunn pest conditions for insect natural enemies‘ growth and or migratory naturally controlled by a significant Encourage crickets/grasshoppers reproduction (minimalor useforest insect invasions, of synthetic apply pesticide, use of population of natural enemies. Natural growth of appropriate plant product producing in recommended pesticides areas, such as neem inextract, tree accordance pest control is neither harmful to human natural with required and mulching techniques to stimulate the in compliance reproduction with of natural nor to the environment. enemies precautionary measures. enemies such as predatory ants, spiders, beetles, flower (auxiliaries) flies and ladybird beetles). PRINCIPLE Avoid the systematic and regular applications of The parsimonious use of selective 14 pesticides. If really needed, use only selective pesticides. chemical pesticides allows auxiliary Give preference to plant products. Do not use phyto- populations (predatory ants, spiders, Minimize pharmaceutical products as soon as pests or early mantis and ladybirds, for example) to chemical symptoms appear. Always analyze the agro- system grow at the expense of pests. It is a pesticide (AESA) before any treatment. In the event of pest natural method for controlling pest. applications PRINCIPLE overgrowth Harvest crops andupon maturity; damage, considerable be prudent useto natural avoid Farmers obtain better prices for clean and 15 products (neem tree seeds/leaves extract harming, tearing, breaking or causing damage soapy solution to pest-free produce. Pest-free produce is Adopt good or pyrethrin). harvested produce. Avoid harvesting or storing fruits easily conserved as it does not practices of and vegetables in the sun. constitute an entry point for pests and harvest pathogens. Freshly harvested produce PRINCIPLE Warehouses should be always clean, dry and well The preserved and low temperature quality of atproducts in stocks are is 16 ventilated. Store only whole produce. Keep harvests in conserved for a long time maintained during warehousing. Store Adopt tight containers to protect them from pests of granaries. products are not too much exposed to pest appropriate and In general, damage caused by pests become significantly and pathogen contamination. Stored quality storage worse after three months of storage; therefore, distribute grains remain dry. Recommended facilities. harvests in several batches according to their self-life. pesticides for stock treatment are used Process only batches intended for long-term preservation economically. (with appropriate products like neem tree oil, pyrethrin or recommended pesticides for store products). An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 54 Annex 13: Examples of available tools in the IPM toolbox (Source ‘Pest Management Guidebook’ http://web.worldbank.org) There is a wide variety of techniques that can be applied under IPM approaches. Applicability of individual techniques depends on various factors, including: the crop, the cropping system, the pest problems, the climate, the agro-ecological conditions, etc. Generally, IPM involves a combination of techniques. Some examples of such techniques: Cultural practices that can help prevent buildup of pests: • Crop rotation • Inter-cropping • Field sanitation and seed bed sanitation • Use of pest-resistant crop varieties • Managing sowing, planting or harvesting dates • Water/irrigation management, • Soil and nutrient management • Practices to enhance the buildup of naturally existing predator and parasite populations • Weed management within and in the field borders or other hand-weeding • Cover crops and grass species • Use of traps or trap crops in borders or strips within the field • Flowering plants along the borders • Trap crops for insect pest, also used as reservoir for beneficial predators and parasites • Planting and harvesting dates for pre-and post-harvest loss preventions Mechanical control practices • Hand-picking of pests and sweeping • Soil tillage to destroy insects and expose them to birds and other predators • Complete decomposition of organic mattered in a field before planting • Longer fallow periods between crops or more frequent grass rotations • Vacuuming and destroying insect pests • Floating row covers and plastic tunnels reduce access to many pest species • Use of reflecting mulch in early aphid infestations • Sticky trap barriers and attractants as monitoring devices • Water pressure sprays • Use of Diatomaceous or clay sprays against soft body insect pests • Insecticidal Soaps Biological inputs • Biological control through release of predators, parasites, or pathogens (B. thurigiensis, B. bassiana, etc.) • Biological control through fish, ducks, geese, goats, etc. • Release of sterile male insects • Bio-pesticides An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 55 • Biological preparations (e.g. Neem extract, rotenone, etc.) Chemical inputs • Chemicals that disrupt insect behavior (e.g.: pheromones, repellents, etc.) • Growth-regulators • Conventional pesticides An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 56 Annex 14: The “do” and “do not do” of IPM policy (Source ‘Pest Management Guidebook’ http://web.worldbank.org) DO NOT DO – Examples of elements that may contribute to a policy environment that encourages reliance on pesticides • Pesticide use is directly or indirectly subsidized • Inadequate pesticide legislation or weak enforcement of legislation to control import, distribution, handling and use of pesticides • Requesting/accepting donor support in the form of pesticide donations, (i) without adequate assessment of actual requirements, (ii) without paying adequate attention to non-chemical alternatives, (iii) without appropriate pricing of these pesticides to avoid unnecessary use induced by availability at below-cost prices • Government agricultural programs and associated budget allocations emphasize input supply more than farmer training in IPM • Absence of IPM extension, as a result of which farmers have little or no access to information about alternative approaches that reduce reliance on chemical control • Extension schemes/programs/messages are oriented towards chemical control • Agricultural advisory services for extension staff and/or farmers have a financial interest in selling pesticides (e.g.: extension advice is provided by private sector entities that sell pesticides; extension staff receives commissions on pesticide sales) DO - Examples of policy elements that reduce biases towards chemical control • Social and environmental costs internalized in prices through polluter pay tax • Enforcement of pesticide legislation • Enforcement of food safety legislation regarding pesticide residues (quality control) • Enforcement of environmental protection legislation • Emphasis on development of agro-ecosystem management skills and knowledge • Establishment of formal policies on IPM covering inter-agency coordination and common agendas‘ incentive systems, regulatory and information systems for sustainable agriculture, generation and dissemination of appropriate approaches and technologies • Encouraging research on the economics and the environmental and health impact of different plant protection approaches and make this information available • Development of an effective regulatory framework to enhance food safety and to reduce risks related to the distribution, handling and use of pesticides • Orienting agricultural research in general to be more demand driven and with greater beneficiary participation. An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 57 Annex 15: Assessment based on the data collected and the stakeholders identification Fact Relevance Actors ESMF Action Timeline/d to project/ implicated recommended uration component Existing agricultural inputs and delivery system Seeds  Quantity of seeds provided High Overall Training for farmers, by MAIL through DAIL or local Social responsibl cooperative leaders, NGO is insufficient and of low impact e sources: women farmers groups, quality. Farmers‘ cooperative high MAIL, Agric- DAIL, extension staff members say to have to reuse on NGO‘s DAILs, and merchants on same seeds for several seasons. farmer Wholesalers, selection and quality  In the market, some s Retailers, assurance, imported seeds are not adapted to econo petit local environment. For instance mic handlers, 5 + years Agha Khan Foundation return Farmers' distributed seeds in Northern cooperatives, provinces which resulted in no farmers, harvest. Seed companies imports international Application of existing hybrid seeds which can't be reused donors including regulations,  Existence of many fake Afghan Farm Enforcement of labels are encountered in the Service Alliance Quality Control, open market (AFSA-USAID pollinated seeds  Seeds on the market and others) , should be imported, 5 + years without information and proper local community usage guidance in language leaders, Ease recourse process accessible to users … and Build trust  Need for a single Quality control responsible and accountable sources: Social awareness national source to deal with seeds, MAIL, NEPA, through any possible to verify quality and control ANSA, sources such as Mass- market price, to warrantee its MoC Media, Mosque, fitness and adaptation, and , Costume-borders, community Leaders eventually subsidies products and MoPH, Schools, Universities, research on seeds. Social people gathering even Awareness: and official national MAIL, campaigns should be NEPA, organized ANSA, MoC, Costume-borders, 5 + years Sources of seeds: MoPH, DOWAs, DOWAs,  DAIL Programs Seeds should be MOWA-  International Donors distributed through Provincial  Private sector government owned 5 + years MOE, MoTC, MORRD enterprises to , Public cooperatives and via Media, Ministry of them to people or CDCs culture, MoHE An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 58 Agro-chemical  No proper guidance to High MAIL, MOWA- Change the name/usage To start with/at their usage which affects goods Provincial instruction of agro- project launching and often time have negative DOWAs, MOE, chemicals in its local and fully effects on farmers health as well as NEPA, ANSA, translation. Training for deployed within economic losses, some women or MORRD, DAILs, Max 2 years after children have eaten agro- farmers, cooperative project start MoC, Customs, chemicals. Wholesalers leaders, women farmers , groups, DAIL, extension  NOOR brothers and Retailers, staff and merchants on HELAL GROUP are the main peti selection and quality provider, have their own respective t handlers, assurance networks of retailers. Farmers' Application of existing cooperatives, regulations, public farmers, awareness through  Retailers are subject international to accreditation by MAIL/DAIL donors including DAIL, public media, including a signed agreement with Afghan Farm Enforcement ofTo start with/at obligations to train farmers. Service Alliance Quality control project launching However there is weak inspection (AFSA-USAID and fully deployed and follow up on agreements and others), local within Max 2  Agro-chemical products community leaders. years after project have labels/information only in start English and most often are sold Retailers should not Efforts to this end by retailers without any English sell agro-chemicals on To start with/at language abilities the streets and they project launching  Agro-chemical products of should be pharmacists, and fully deployed all kinds of make and origin by project (disclosed or not) completion  Presence of DDT, and other (5years) Labels to include local Efforts to this end languages with danger To start with/at signs and special project launching format approved by and fully deployed MAIL by project completion (5years) Increase Boarders Efforts to this control and Feasibility end To start of a government with/at project owned and run agro- launching and inputs -store fully deployed by project completion (5years) An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 59 Machinery • MAIL owned equipment not Medium MAIL, DAIL, Internal code of Efforts to this sufficient to meet Wholesalers, conduct and end To start local/provincial needs, used by Retailers, transparent with/at project procedures in launching and elites, machinery increases Farmers distribution of unemployment, cooperatives equipment, fully • Low quality and Machinery should deployed • No equity in distribution farmers be consistent with • Not timely local conditions, by project and designed to be completion used also by (5years) women, Gender consideration Irrigation system • Poor irrigation system ( Primary No OFWMP, OFWMP and secondary installations), MAIL, • Women are not or not asked to be involved in irrigation, DAIL, • Lack of rehabilitation after Farmers… destruction by war • Lack of maintenance of irrigation system and urgent need for improvement in irrigation system (Primary, secondary and tertiary installations) • Water-shortage • Weak and insufficient development of traditional irrigation system Social characteristics • Strong tendency to prevent High Women advocate Women targeted Efforts to this communication with women groups, MOWA, activities, end To start DOWAs, Donor developing women with/at project Community, councils, launching and Religious fully Leaders, Men, deployed Learning by project institutions completion (5years) An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 60 • Water shortage and low level of No revenues from farming activities are driving rural population out, resulting to migration to cities or/and out of the country, lands extortion by powerful people, with no means of recourse and no hot given back. • Many immigrants competing for No farmland and building lots. Reason for increase in land cost in urban and rural areas. Nomads destroy agricultural lands sometimes. • Almost all rural women are No Awareness involved in farming, 70 % Campaign directly or indirectly. • Some farmers not allowing their High children to go to school because they need their assistance during farm • Very few districts agricultural facilities have office buildings • No sufficient office space High for cooperatives • No storages and agric product High Storages and Efforts to this end process industries should be To start with/at project built for agricultural product process As per interviewed farmers there High/ Training and Project Awareness launching and is lack of access to information Medium campaigns fully about agriculture pesticide usage Reinforced Control deployed brigades and inspections by project completion schedules and (5years) reports Land acquisition constraints An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 61 For involuntary resettlements, High Complaints RPF has been developed. handling and A strong presence of the arbitration process administration will reduce conflicts on land ownership and misusage of governmental land; women are given as Bad in the recourse of land issues. Women are vulnerable when an agricultural land is destroyed for the purposes of making channels or other establishments Space for future infrastructure is available Rich people shift lands to housing and residential areas reducing agricultural land in cities‘ peripheries In villages most conflicts are on water distribution and/or land acquisition Existing installations Existing installations are MAIL, Needs assessment Efforts to this insufficient and are not existent in Ministry of including waste end To start each province. Existing labs Urban management with/at project funded by donors including Development launching and USAID are under staffed, (MoUD), component, women fully underequipped, and not in use or NEPA, and recruitment, deployed underused. respective Municipalities by project completion (5years) Waste management (solid and liquid, industrial and households) There are municipal dumpsites High Ministry of Assess state of all Efforts to this Urban existing end although poorly managed installations in Development regard to To start with/at (MoUD), appropriate waste project launching NEPA, and management – respective system, Baseline Municipalities coordination condition survey between and municipalities and action plan by end MIAL required by of year one (1) law An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 62 For most buildings under construction to host new labs, it is unclear how liquid and/or solid waste from lab activities will be managed On public properties and constructions including labs, liquid waste is directed to an onsite septic tank that will be emptied using municipal sanitation services and equipment. Wastewater without any treatment is directly guided/dumped to the river system, causes diseases and pollute underground waters, causes economic loss for women Destruction of forest for heating and cooking purposes. People most frequently interacting with agricultural input Men are #1 but for income Design develop Efforts to this end training instruments To start with/at generation and poverty and lack of labors women and children are in quality and project launching involved in farming, women are quantity to ease and fully directly and indirectly involved training and functional by communication 70% end of year one (1) Products in shelves for sale by Gender, age, Efforts to this merchants are with labels and usage appropriate end To start directives in languages not mastered with/at project neither by farmers nor by launching and merchants themselves control brigades to be fully functional by end of year one (1) Agro chemical products handling Generally framers complaints Training for farmers, Efforts to cooperative leaders, An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 63 from on agro chemicals are women farmers this end To related to: groups, DAIL, start with/at extension staff and project launching merchants on and fully selection and quality functional by assurance end of year one (1) Usage Application of existing regulations Level of quality Miss-usage Enforcement o f Quality Control Impacts on animals, human and farms Number of technical staff Ease recourse process assigned to the job Accessibility of good quality agro-chemical in the market Death of relative due to usage of Build trust agrochemical reported Complaints  Most/all farmer Need to Build trust Efforts to this end interviewed and equity To start with/at expresses project launching disappointment; meaning that and fully no one act on their complain, functional by end most of year one (1) of women's lands are registered in the name of men, women's complaints are handled by men, no specific help for women An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 64 by judiciary  Complaints are mostly addressed to local authorities  Due to corruption no one hears them  There is a widespread distrust due to corruption and the absence of the rule of law. Local leaders play a very important role in complaints handling. Farmers are hesitant to seek/refer to any authority for any kind of arbitration. Motive of complaints Mostly the complaints were Improve Efforts to this focuses on: Complaints end To start with/at - lack of water and handling and improved seeds arbitration process project and be clear on for launching and - Lack of communication qualifying fully functional with farmers complaints by end of year - Lack of extension one (1) research - Lack of access to technology Increase Boarders control and - Distribution of the seeds and Feasibility of a plants without research on adaptation government owned and run agro-inputs - - Lack of market and store process systems - Deforestation due to lack of facilities for cooking and heating - Lack of agric- project sustainability - Low quality - Lack of expert - No control on agric-chemical -Lack of proper water and its An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 65 management Shifting of agric land to residential areas Environmental pollutions Flooding and drought Lack of water and its distribution Lack of sufficient payment to governmental professionals Low attention to cooperatives improvement Response to insects only by chemical not organic Entrance/imports of any type of agrochemical without control in borders Public Awareness Farmers (men, women, children) MAIL, Awareness through Efforts to this mosques, schools, end To start are not aware of properly using DAILs, councils, media, with/at agro-chemicals, seeds, and other MoE, magazines mobile project launching inputs MOIC, groups, social and fully MoC, workers on using functional by NEPA agricultural end of year one inputs, should be (1) included in school curriculum, establishing a quality control system, involvement of women in grass roots mobilization, communication campaigns and training An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 66 Annex 16: Generic Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) For….Subproject name….…… [NAME]…..…… Province -Afghanistan Summary This ESMP is developed based on environmental and social screening to avoid or minimize the predicated adverse impacts of the s u b - project on environment and human health. The ESMP include the Background information, Objectives, Description of the environment baseline, Public consultation, Grievance Redress Committee, Potential environmental and social impact and its mitigation measures. Background For the production of certified seeds of improved varieties the production of breeder and foundation seeds are essential to maintain the national seed chain system. For this reason the production of breeder seed at research station have taken up in ______ province. However this farm needs improvement on land leveling, irrigation system, boundary wall and research buildings etc. Thus this farm was selected for the construction and land development purposes by AAIP. Table 2.1: Basic Information of the Project NAME OF THE AAIP PROJECT PROJECT Project Executing Afghanistan Agriculture Inputs Project (AAIP) Authority Funding Agency World Bank Project Location Final Product Agricultural Research Station rehabilitated including boundary wall constructed, irrigation channels lined, admin, management, and storage facilities constructed. Project Cost (AFN) An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 67 Project Implementation Period Objectives Objective of AAIP The objective of the project is to strengthen institutional capacity and reliability of agricultural inputs and sustainable production of certified seeds. An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 68 Environmental and social management plan matrix Table: Environmental and Social Management Plan. Potential impacts, mitigation measures and monitoring matrix for construction phase. Construction Phase Concerns/Issues Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Indicators Responsibility S. No. Implement Supervisio by n Environmental Impacts 1. 2.  3.  4.  Socioeconomic Impact 5.  6.  7.  8.  An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 69 Annex 17: Generic Terms of Reference for an Environmental Assessment Afghanistan Agricultural Inputs Project (AAIP) Terms of Reference (TOR) Project Background The overall project development objective (PDO) of the AAIP is to increase adoption of improved crop production technologies through expanding development of certified seeds and improving access to agricultural inputs of reliable quality. The project will deliver a variety of interventions in the agricultural inputs sector. First, the project will increase the efficiency of production of certified seeds and develop local capacity for continued development of the seed industry. Second, it will develop accredited facilities and regulatory frameworks for safety and quality control of inputs. Third, the project will implement capacity building programs that will contribute to appropriate handling, storage and use of fertilizers and other agro-chemicals. Fourth, the project will design and operationalize a demand-led action plan to improve and develop market based input delivery systems for seeds, fertilizers, other agro-chemicals, and farm machinery & equipment. The main focus will be on wheat (the major staple crop) but industrial crops, vegetable crops and perennial horticulture crops will also be included in project activities. The project will also explore how innovative information and communication technology (ICT) applications may support these interventions3 , including use of mobile phone applications to verify quality of agro-chemicals. Component A: Improved Seed Production and Certification. This component aims to strengthen a sustainable, commercially viable, and technically efficient seed production and certification system. The project will focus on strengthening seed production and distribution for wheat – the country‘s main staple crop – while supporting other food crops including vegetables and grain legumes where appropriate. The project will cover the entire seed chain beginning with research in variety selection to generate breeder seed, production of foundation and registered seeds from breeder seed, and multiplication of registered seed into certified seed. In addition, the project will encourage compliance with the seed industry regulatory framework comprising the national seed policy, the seed law, and accompanying seed rules and regulations. Component A is organized into 3 sub-components - Varietal Selection and Production of Breeder Seed, Production of Foundation and Registered Seed, and Coordination of Seed Sector. Component B: Quarantine Networks and Quality Control for Agro-chemicals. This component aims to build and strengthen institutional capacity and physical infrastructure required for quality control of agrochemicals and plant quarantine. Project activities will focus on preventing marketing of banned, hazardous, sub-standard, and unreliable pesticides and fertilizers, as well as preventing introduction and spread of quarantine pest into the Country. This would be achieved through facilitating enforcement of the recently finalized Pesticides and Plant Quarantine Acts and Regulations. The goal is to comply with international standards for quality control of agrochemicals and plant quarantine practices. Component B is organized into 2 sub-components - Quality Control of Agrochemicals and Plant Quarantine Networks. 3 ICT applications could strengthen quality control and input delivery systems, and support M&E activities. An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 70 Component C: Input Delivery Systems. The ongoing preparation phase will undertake two comprehensive in-depth surveys to collect data that would be analyzed to develop a plan of action for investment activities in inputs delivery systems. The first survey involves a detailed account of farm level production activities for wheat and other major crops, including farm budgets, input use (especially seeds and agrochemicals), working capital requirements and sources, yields, post-harvest losses etc. The second survey will focus on input distribution networks for major inputs (mainly seeds, fertilizers, and other agrochemicals) and will mainly consist of a value chain analysis at various levels (importers, producers (seed), wholesalers, retailers). By mid- term review (MTR) of the project, data from these surveys would have been analyzed to develop a feasible plan of action for investment in input delivery system. It is proposed that the project will seek additional financing at MTR to support investment activities that would be outlined in the plan of action. Component D: Project Implementation and Management. The project will be implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL). The following main technical Directorates from the MAIL side will be involved in the preparation and implementation of the proposed project: (i) for Component A (Improved Seed Production and Certification): Improved Seeds Enterprise (ISE); (ii) for Component B (Quarantine Networks and Quality Control for Agro-chemicals): Plant Protection and Quarantine Directorate (PPQD) and Food Quality Control and Agricultural Inputs Directorate (FQCAID); (iii) for Component C (Improve and Expand Input Delivery System): FQCAID and Private Sector Directorate (PSD); and (iv) for Component D: (Project Management, Coordination, Monitoring & Evaluation): Technical Deputy Minister‘s Office and General Directorate for Programs (GDP). Moreover, the project will establish links with the Research Directorate and Extension Directorate. Objectives This study is being carried out to ensure that environmental implications of the proposed AAIP have been identified, analyzed and clearly communicated to the decision makers. In order to achieve this target, the following objectives have been set:  To prepare inventory of the biophysical and socio-economic environmental attributes in the project intervention areas;  To involve the local population in project preparation through active consultations that could also assist in identifying the attributes important to them;  To identify and assess the magnitude and significance of impacts due to the proposed activities on the attributes identified;  To consider a range of proposals should be considered and if so whether they would be less environmentally damaging;  To propose avoidance, mitigation and enhancement measures for adverse and positive impacts;  To assess the current capacity f o r environmental management to develop institutional arrangements for this and subsequent (like) projects; and  To prepare an environmental management plan to ensure implementation of the management measures selected from the ones proposed, along with budgetary allocation (to feed into the overall project cost estimates) and institutional responsibility. Environmental Assessment Requirements The Environmental Assessment shall be guided by the requirements of OP4.01 and other relevant safeguard policies of the World Bank such as OP4.04, etc. An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 71 Scope of Work The current information has led to the development of the following tasks, which may be modified with consent of the MAIL if new information comes to light during the course of the study (e.g. the presence of sensitive receptors not known when the ToR is finalized). Task.1: Description of the Proposed Project. General design and extent of construction and rehabilitation works (specifications kind and scope of work, size of command area, etc.); size and constraints in regard to connectivity to urban services networks etc. Task.2: Description of the Environment. Assemble, evaluate and present baseline data on the relevant environmental characteristics of the project intervention areas. Include information on any changes anticipated before the project commences. Physical environment: geology; topography; soils; climate and meteorology; ambient air quality; surface and ground- water hydrology; existing sources of air emissions; existing water pollution discharges; and receiving water quality. Biological environment: flora; fauna; rare or endangered species; sensitive habitats, including parks or preserves, significant natural sites, etc.; species of commercial importance; and species with potential to become nuisances, vectors or dangerous. Socio-cultural environment: land use (including current crops and cropping patterns); land tenure and land titling. Task.3: Legislative and Regulatory Considerations. Describe the pertinent regulations and standards governing environmental quality, health and safety, protection of sensitive areas, protection of endangered species, land use control, etc., at international, national, if any. Task.4: Determination of the Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project. Potential impacts to be assessed include: Project location: resettlement of people; loss of forest land; loss of agricultural land (cropping and grazing); impact on flora and fauna; impact on historic and cultural sites; effects on water resources outside and inside command area. Project Design: disruption of hydrology; drainage problems; design of dams and other structures; Crossings for People and Animals Construction Works: soil erosion; construction spoils (disposal of); sanitary conditions and health risks associated with construction camp and workers coming into area; social and cultural conflicts between imported workers and local people. Project Operation: pollution by agrochemicals; impacts on soils (water logging, salinization, etc.); changes in ground water levels inside and outside command area; changes in surface water quality and risks of eutrophication; incidence of water-borne and water-related diseases. Task.5: Analysis of Alternatives to the Proposed Project. Describe alternatives that were examined in the course of developing the AAIP and identify other alternatives which would achieve the same objectives. The An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 72 concept of alternatives extends to sitting, design, technology selection, construction techniques and phasing, and operating and maintenance procedures. Compare alternatives in terms of potential environmental impacts; capital and operating costs; suitability under local conditions; and institutional, training, and monitoring requirements. When describing the impacts, indicate which are irreversible or unavoidable and which can be mitigated. To the extent possible, quantify the costs and benefits of each alternative, incorporating the estimated costs of any associated mitigating measures. Include the alternative of not constructing the project, in order to demonstrate environmental conditions without it. Task.6: Development of Environmental Management Plan, with focus on three generic areas: Mitigation measures, institutional strengthening and training, and monitoring. The emphasis on each of these areas depends on the needs in the specific project context, as identified by the EA itself. Mitigation of environmental impact: Recommend feasible and cost-effective measures to prevent or reduce significant negative impacts to acceptable levels. Estimate the impacts and costs of those measures. Consider compensation to affected parties for impacts which cannot be mitigated. The plan should include proposed work programs, budget estimates, schedules, staffing and training requirements, and other necessary support services to implement the mitigating measures. Institutional strengthening and training: Identification of institutional needs to implement environmental assessment recommendations. Review the authority and capability of institutions at local, provincial/regional, and national levels and recommend steps to strengthen or expand them so that the management and monitoring plans in the environmental assessment can be implemented. The recommendations may extend to new laws and regulations, new agencies or agency functions, inter- sectoral arrangements, management procedures and training, staffing, operation and maintenance training, budgeting, and financial support. Monitoring: Prepare detailed arrangements for monitoring implementation of mitigating measures and the impacts of the project during construction and operation. Include in the plan an estimate of capital and operating costs and a description of other inputs (such as training and institutional strengthening) needed to carry it out. Task. 7: Assist in Inter-Agency Coordination and Public/NGO Participation. Assist in coordinating the environmental assessment with other government agencies, in obtaining the views of local NGO's and affected groups, and in keeping records of meetings and other activities, communications, and comments and their disposition. Reporting Requirements Inception Report: The Consultant will submit an Inception report confirming the methodology to be adopted for the study, the deployment schedule of personnel, a schedule of site visits to be carried out and a reporting schedule, within a fixed time from the date of beginning of the assignment. The consultant may want to carry out a reconnaissance survey before submitting the inception report. Environmental Impact Assessment: The EIA report should include the following items (not necessarily in the order shown): (a) Executive summary. Concisely discusses significant findings and recommended actions. (b) Policy, legal, and administrative framework. Discusses the policy, legal, and administrative framework An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 73 within which the EA is carried out. Identifies relevant international environmental agreements to which the country is a party. (c) Project description. Concisely describes the proposed project and its geographic, ecological, social, and temporal context, including any offsite investments that may be required (e.g., dedicated pipelines, access roads, power plants, water supply, housing, and raw material and product storage facilities). Indicates the need for any resettlement plan or indigenous peoples development plan {see also sub- paragraph. (h)(v) below}. Normally includes a map showing the project site and the project's areas of influence. (d) Baseline data. Assesses the dimensions of the study area and describes relevant physical, biological, and socioeconomic conditions, including any changes anticipated before the project commences. Also takes into account current and proposed development activities within the project area but not directly connected to the project. Data should be relevant to decisions about project location, design, operation, or mitigation measures. The section indicates the accuracy, reliability, and sources of the data. (e) Environmental impacts. Predicts and assesses the project's likely positive and negative impacts, in quantitative terms to the extent possible identifies mitigation measures and any residual negative impacts that cannot be mitigated, explores opportunities for environmental enhancement. Identifies and estimates the extent and quality of available data, key data gaps, and uncertainties associated with predictions, and specifies topics that do not require further attention. (f) Analysis of alternatives. Systematically compares feasible alternatives to the proposed project site, technology, design, and operation-including the "without project" situation in terms of their potential environmental impacts; the feasibility of mitigating these impacts; their capital and recurrent costs; their suitability under local conditions; and their institutional, training, and monitoring requirements. For each of the alternatives, quantifies the environmental impacts to the extent possible, and attaches economic values where feasible. States the basis for selecting the particular project design proposed and justifies recommended emission levels and approaches to pollution prevention and abatement. (g) Environmental Management Plan (EMP). Covers mitigation measures, monitoring, and institutional strengthening; see outline (in III) below. (h) Appendixes: (i) List of EA report preparers-individuals and organizations. (ii) References-written materials both published and unpublished, used in study preparation. (iii) Record of interagency and consultation meetings, including consultations for obtaining the informed views of the affected people and local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). The record specifies any means other than consultations (e.g., surveys) that were used to obtain the views of affected groups and local NGOs. (iv)Tables: presenting the relevant data referred to or summarized in the main text. (v) List of associated reports (e.g., resettlement plan). (vi)Environmental Management Plan: The consultant will submit an environmental management plan (in line with Annex C of OP4.01) which will include the following components. (a) Mitigation: The EMP identifies feasible and cost-effective measures that may reduce potentially significant An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 74 adverse environmental impacts to acceptable levels. The plan includes compensatory measures if mitigation measures are not feasible, cost-effective, or sufficient. (b) Monitoring Environmental monitoring during project implementation provides information about key environmental aspects of the project, particularly the environmental impacts of the project and the effectiveness of mitigation measures. Such information enables the borrower and the Bank to evaluate the success of mitigation as part of project supervision, and allows corrective action to be taken when needed. Therefore, the EMP identifies monitoring objectives and specifies the type of monitoring, with linkages to the impacts assessed in the EA report and the mitigation measures described in the EMP. (c) Capacity Development and Training To support timely and effective implementation of environmental project components and mitigation measures, the EMP draws on the EA's assessment of the existence, role, and capability of environmental units on site or at the agency and ministry level. If necessary, the EMP recommends the establishment or expansion of such units, and the training of staff, to allow implementation of EA recommendations. Specifically, the EMP provides a specific description of institutional arrangements-which is responsible for carrying out the mitigatory and monitoring measures (e.g., for operation, supervision, enforcement, monitoring of implementation, remedial action, financing, reporting, and staff training). To strengthen environmental management capability in the agencies responsible for implementation, most EMPs cover one or more of the following additional topics: (a) technical assistance programs, (b) procurement of equipment and supplies, and (c) organizational changes. (d) Implementation Schedule and Cost Estimates For all three aspects (mitigation, monitoring, and capacity development), the EMP provides (a) an implementation schedule for measures that must be carried out as part of the project, showing phasing and coordination with overall project implementation plans; and (b) the capital and recurrent cost estimates and sources of funds for implementing the EMP. These figures are also integrated into the total project cost tables. (e) Integration of EMP with Project the borrower's decision to proceed with a project, and the Bank's decision to support it, are predicated in part on the expectation that the EMP will be executed effectively. Consequently, the Bank expects the plan to be specific in its description of the individual mitigation and monitoring measures and its assignment of institutional responsibilities, and it must be integrated into the project's o v e r a l l p l a n n i n g , d e s i g n , b u d g e t , a n d i m p l e m e n t a t i o n . Such i n t e g r a t i o n i s a c h i e v e d b y establishing the EMP within the project/contract documents so that the plan will receive funding and supervision along with the other components. Reporting Schedule No. Title of Report Due within date No. of copies Time for comment from beginning of from M&E Unit of assignment MAIL/WB I Inception Report 15 days II Interim Report (including screening 15 days of alternatives) III Environmental Impact Assessment 1 month IV Environmental Management Plan 15 days Consulting Team An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 75 The consulting team shall include the following key experts in addition to any support staff that the consultant may decide. No. Qualification Minimum Duration of Continuous / Experience Service Required Intermittent Inputs 1 Post graduate Degree in 10 years Continuous Environmental Planning/ Engineering 2 Post graduate Degree in 10 years Continuous Sociology/Anthropology 3 Degree in Agronomy 8 years Intermittent 4 Degree in Civil Engineering / Hydrology 8 years Intermittent 5 Degree in Terrestrial / Aquatic Ecology 8 years Intermittent 6 Degree in Social Science 8 years Intermittent An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 76 Annex 18: Grievances Redress Guidelines A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) is established both on headquarter and sub-project level. The GRC does not have any legal mandate or authority but acts as a facilitator to try and resolve issues between the complainant and the MAIL/PIU. Under the headquarter level, the GRC consist of Project Director, Deputy Director, Social Safeguards Specialists, Environmental Specialist and unit heads from each component. Under sub-project level, the GRC consists of a CDC representative from district government, representative from the PCU- Technical Assistance Unit, and participating NGO. The GRC would meet to try and resolve the matter and make a recommendation within 7-10 working days. Uptakes options for grievances will include: Written claims will be addressed to MAIL, AAIP PIU, local/regional DAIL regional representatives. All claims will be recorded in writing by respective AAIP-ESMF regional representatives, and shall include name and contact of claimant(s), issue(s) justifying the claim(s), names and contact of potential witnesses to be subpoenaed, and any document to substantiate the allegations/claim (see form below). Verbal, verbal claims will be reported by claimants in person to MAIL, AAIP PIU, local/regional DAIL representatives. All verbal claims will be recorded in writing by respective AAIP-ESMF representatives, and shall include name and contact of claimant(s), issue(s) justifying the claim(s), names and contact of potential witnesses to be subpoenaed, and any document to substantiate the allegations/claim. On the Websites of both MAIL and AAIP, a link to a web-based form to be used to file claims will be designed and made available. The form will include space same for information requested for written and verbal claims and provide for options to upload files. MAIL and AAIPIT teams will retrieve all claims and forward them to AAIP for consideration. In addition to the above mentioned channels, a grievances hotline will be set to receive claims. The regional officers will receive and follow up of all leads/claims. They will record the information received accurately and in the format prescribed for rite/verbal claim reporting. A database will be established to track complaints and their resolution. At regional level, all claims will be documented and archived both physically (hard copies) and soft (computer/electronic database including all scanned documents received or related to the case along the process). The ESM team at AAIPHQ will centralize related information received from respective regional databases. Appeal An option for appeal will be granted to all claims when claimant does not fell satisfied with conclusions of the GRC. All complaints should first be negotiated to reach an agreement at the regional level. If this falls, complaints and grievances about these Guidelines, implementation of the agreements recorded in the Meeting Minutes or any alleged irregularity in carrying out the project can also be addressed by the project affected persons or their representative at the provincial DAIL. If this also fails, the complaint may be submitted to the An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 77 relevant implementing agency for a decision. The Meeting Minutes, including agreements of compensation and evidence of compensation having been made shall be provided to the regional ESM team, to DAIL and to ESM team at AAIP PIU, who will maintain a record hereof, and to auditors/EMA, ESM international advisor when they undertake reviews and post-project assessment. This process shall be specified in all relevant project documents, including details of the relevant authority for complaints at DAIL and AAIP level. Complaints regarding illegal/inappropriate sales of agrochemicals Safeguards Officers will have an important role in ensuring that communities have a full understanding of their rights and responsibilities regarding purchase and use of agricultural inputs, as well as wholesalers and retailers obligation to disclose products specifications. Provincial DAILs will be in charge of recording and reacting to any reported suspicious of existence of inappropriate produce on shelves. An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP ‫‪Annex 19: Generic Grievance Redress Committee‬‬ ‫‪Social Committee for Grievance Redress‬‬ ‫کمیته اجتماعی‬ ‫ناحیه‪:‬‬ ‫اسم پروژه‪:‬‬ ‫والیت‪:‬‬ ‫قریه‪:‬‬ ‫تاریخ ختم پروژه‪:‬‬ ‫تاریخ شروع پروژه‪:‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫میالدی که در محل (‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪ /‬هجری شمسی مطابق ‪/‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫در نشست امروزی مورخ ‪/‬‬ ‫به اشتراک تعداد از نمایندگان‪ ،‬متنفذین و بزرگان محل تدویر گردیده بود روی تشکیل و ایجاد کمیته ثبت شکایات بحث و گفتگو صورت‬ ‫پذیرفت که در نتیجه اشخاص ذیل به تایید اکثر آرا مجلس‪ ،‬اعضای کمیته ثبت شکایات تعین گردید‪.‬‬ ‫محترم ‪........................................‬ولد ‪ ..............................‬آدرس‪:‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬ ‫محترم ‪........................................‬ولد‪ ...............................‬آدرس‪:‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬ ‫محترم ‪........................................‬ولد‪ ...............................‬آدرس‪:‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬ ‫محترم ‪........................................‬ولد‪ ...............................‬آدرس‪:‬‬ ‫‪.4‬‬ ‫محترم ‪........................................‬ولد‪ ...............................‬آدرس‪:‬‬ ‫‪.5‬‬ ‫مایان اعضای کمیته اجتماعی فوق مسولیت داریم تا در اثنای شروع کار پروژه‪ ،‬کار را نظارت و در صورت بروز کدام مشکل‬ ‫اجتماعی( بشمول حل منازعات زمین مورد نیاز که جهت عریض سازی پروژه ضرورت است) در قسمت حل و فصل آن اقدامات‬ ‫عندالموقع نموده و با مسولین پروژه جهت تطبیق بهتر کار پروژه همکاری همه جانبه نموده و همچنان بعد از تکمیل پروژه در قسمت‬ ‫حفظ و مراقبت آن توجه الزم نمایم‪.‬‬ ‫وسالم‬ ‫محترم ‪ ......................‬امضاء‪..‬‬ ‫محترم ‪ ........................‬امضاء ‪.....‬‬ ‫محترم ‪ ......................‬امضاء‪..‬‬ ‫محترم ‪ ........................‬امضاء ‪.....‬‬ ‫محترم ‪ ........................‬امضاء‪.......‬‬ ‫تاییدی شورای انکشافی‬ ‫امضاء ‪………………….‬‬ ‫مسوول محیط زیستی و اجتماعی‪:‬‬ ‫‪An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP‬‬ Annex 20: Grievance Redress Form Afghanistan Agricultural Inputs Project (AAIP) Grievances Recording Form Last name of claimant (s): _________________First name of claimant (s): Contact address of claimant(s): District location: Sub-project relating to (if any): Issue(s) justifying the claim(s) (add as many lines as needed): 1 2 3 4 5 Names and contact of potential witnesses to be subpoenaed (add as many lines as needed): 1 2 3 4 5 List of documents to substantiate the allegations/claim (add as many lines as needed): 1 2 3 4 5 ESM staff will add all documents to the file, including the Minutes from the meetings. An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP Annex 21: Public and Social Awareness Guidelines Concerns have been raised worldwide since 1960 when it was found that organochlorine pesticides, like DDT, were very persistent. Instead of degrading they accumulate in food chain, building up in birds of prey. They weakened the shells of their eggs resulting in a serious decline in their numbers. Similar fears are being raised today in relation to the second generation of rat poisons (secondary anti-coagulants or super Warfarins). While there is no evidence of damage, there is evidence that they are accumulating in the food chain as they are more persistent than their predecessors. Cleaning pesticides from water is very costly. The main concerns are:  Residues in food  Worker’s health  Neighbors living near spray areas, and  Mixtures of chemicals among others and also  The fact that pets develop immunity to chemical pesticides and so greater quantities of chemical poisons are needed is an essential component of a responsible good practice campaign. Public and social awareness is a key component of sustainable development and is becoming increasingly important in confronting the mounting challenges reaching out to socially vulnerable groups in a conflict threatened social environment such as Afghanistan. Moreover the overarching objective of the AAIP being related to input delivery systems including agrochemical produces, to increase agricultural production, it is essential to put in place a public awareness strategy and campaign that will improve knowledge and capacity of agricultural inputs users and ultimately empower grassroots farmers in the selection and usage of safe and efficient inputs in their farming activities. A nationwide public awareness strategy and campaign will systematically address current key problems related to agricultural inputs in Afghanistan, and will use all possible communication/outreach media to provide inputs users, their immediate families and neighbors, as well as the entire afghan population with the knowledge to enable them to responsibly select and use the right inputs for their activities, and to denounce bad practices susceptible of social or/and environmental harm. Current key Problems in Afghanistan 1. Risk associated with use of agrochemical in agriculture 2. Pesticide residues in agricultural products, and in the environment, 3. Hazards to humans and animals, 4. Lack of knowledge in safe selection, use, and proper handling of pesticides among farmers, 5. Label on inputs containers 6. Existing regulations, 7. Complaints handling and recourse process 8. Code of conduct and community watchdogs 9. Gender consideration, and 10. Building trust An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP The envisaged public awareness strategy and campaign will used every possible medium including: 1. Radio (AM/FM) 2. TV (public and private) 3. Newspapers (public and private) 4. Picture posters and flyers 5. Religious leaders/gatherings 6. Schools (primary, secondary and colleges) 7. NGO, Associations, and individual activists 8. Focus groups and Round table discussion All messages will be designed by professional communication specialist and will need to be cleared by project's ESM international Adviser and the AAIP Director. An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP Annex 22: ESMF Monitoring and Evaluation Guidelines As an overall M&E arrangements is being defined for the AAIP with the objective to measure performance on all project‘s interventions, including regulatory frameworks for fertilizers and agrochemicals, efficiency gains in production of certified seeds, setting-up and operationalization of various laboratories, and institutional capacity building of various technical departments in MAIL (ISE, plant protection, Quality control, Private Sector, ARIA etc). This will inevitably involve establishing an M&E cell in the Project Management Unit (PMU), ESMF implementation will have to be integrated in the overall M&E design and implementation to enable appropriate measurement on progress on ESMF and envisage steering adjustment to ensure proper goal achievement in minimizing project‘s negative environmental and social impacts. Monitoring and evaluation of the ESMF will consist of closely following implementation at all level of activities of the ESMF, making sure staff are hired; work plans are developed; scheduled training are delivered; contracts for outsourced activities are awarded, delivered on, and in a timely manner; that all ESMF related activities are well delivered and on time. The table below summarizes key tasks on the ESMF that will be closely tracked and included in the project M&E strategy. Monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the ESMF will follow the process and activities as designed therein. The ESM specialists and officers are in charge of regularly reporting on ESMF progress ESM international Adviser and the EMA will have access upon request to all evaluation reports. Reports will provide information on all ESMF related activities. No. Activities Metrics/Indicator Sequence of Comment measurements Staffing, monitoring and training 1 Social Safeguard and Recruited At project start and AAIP management Gender Specialist confirmed on the job every 6 months 2 Environmental Specialist Recruited At project start and AAIP management confirmed on the job every 6 months 6 Various ESMF related Delivered As per schedule AAIP management and trainings ESMF team- Mixed (part Outsourced) 7 EMA contract Recruited Mid way in to AAIP management, implementation MAIL and WB Sub-project selection 10 Identified Number by end of 6 months span AAIP team years 1 11 Implementation status Number by end of 12 months span AAIP team every 6 months Manuals and subproject ESMP 12 a) Preparation of Delivered 2 months after project Outsourced Environmental & Social start Safeguards Training Manual (local languages) An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP 13 b) Preparation of Delivered 2 months after project Outsourced Environmental & Social start Safeguards Operational 14 Manual Sub-Project-wise Delivered c) 2 months after Outsourced Preparation of sub- Environmental and Social project identification Management Training Plan (ESMP) and awareness to farmers, men, women, youth, and to private sector 15 a) Development Materials Delivered 2 months after project Outsourced in Local Languages start 16 17 Funding curricular Memorandum of 1 evaluation per year MoUs to be drafted by activities in selected understanding with respective institutions agricultural higher learning selected Institutions and cleared by ESM institutions (university and assessments every Advisor and Project colleges, and vocational 6 months Director learning centers) 18 Seminars on rights and Scheduled and As per work plan and Work plan to be obligations of inputs delivered in all regions scheduled developed by ESM wholesalers and retailers and every year safeguards team and on products quality with cleared by ESM Advisor media coverage and Project Director 19 Communication campaign As per work plan and Under responsibility of (TV, Radio, newspapers, Delivered scheduled and covering ESM Adviser posters, mosques, etc.) all media as planned ESM Staff performance 20 EMA Audits Schedule deliverables Total of 2 Midterm and end of project implementation 21 EIA Designed and 1-2 months after Linked to work program submitted to NEPA screening, eligibility for and overall project EIA, and start date per implementation work program 22 Environmental Safeguards Schedule deliverables Every 6 months Linked to work program Specialist in work plan and overall project implementation 23 Social Safeguards Schedule deliverables Every 6 months Linked to work program Specialist in work plan and overall project implementation ESM specialists to propose a detail format for progress reports for each activity/item to be assessed. To be cleared by ESM Adviser and AAIP director An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP Annex 23: Guidelines on Liquid Waste Management (including specifications for septic tanks and for separating agrochemical labs wastewaters from other sewages and common wastewaters) The purpose of these guidelines is to facilitate implementation of the Environmental and Social Framework of the AAIP in regard to distance between private water wells from septic tanks and field lines, and to safe management of agrochemical labs wastewaters. These guidelines will be used by designers and contractors when designing and building on site wastewater treatment installations. The guidance is also intended to justify the need for such precautions in regard to the environment and to the health and safety of living species that may be affected by poor management of labs wastewaters. The major elements of health and safety that must be considered are:  Physical separation from other sewages and common wastewaters;  Testing and inspection;  Stringent labs wastewater treatment requirements;  Treatment system reliability;  Labs staff/user agreements and use limitations; and  Education programs. Distance between private water wells from septic tanks and field lines In Afghanistan, visits conducted on the field showed that labs, office building, factories including those processing chemical, as well as most rural homes, use some type of septic system to treat household wastewater. These systems generally are economical and effective in treating these wastes. However, septic systems must be properly designed, installed, and maintained to reduce possible harmful impacts to the groundwater that supplies drinking water, neighbors' drinking water, or surface waters such as a nearby stream. Wastewater tanks built for liquid waste on the site of the new lab in Jalalabad. Although a well-functioning septic system poses little risk to drinking water, poorly operating systems may be a source of disease-causing bacteria, viruses, household chemicals, and nitrates. If An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP significant amounts of any of these enter drinking water, they could produce health problems for you, your family, your pets and livestock, or your neighbors. A properly designed and functioning wastewater treatment system breaks down harmful bacteria. In some cases, local conditions may keep a septic system from performing as designed. For example, liquid in the septic system may flow to an area where water frequently pools near the surface, or the soil under the septic drain field may drain poorly. If this happens, the system may not completely treat wastewater and may be "recycling" poorly treated wastewater into your home with your drinking water. Water well on the same lot should be built at required distance To avoid problems, septic system should be installed in an approved location and maintained properly. Install a new or replacement septic system in well-drained sandy soil and as far as possible from well. Pump out the septic tank regularly to keep it working smoothly and extend the life of the system. A septic system will work better and need less maintenance if the amount of wastewater and solids, such as food wastes, paper towels, and other wastes, entering the system are reduced. To protect drinking water quality, septic system and all potential contamination sources should be located as far as possible from well. In the US, many State Departments of Health requires that new septic tanks or human-waste lagoons are installed at least 16 meters from a well. Septic tank drain fields must be at least 32 meters from a well. Although an existing septic system closer to a well may be safe, it is important to maintain these systems properly. It is also require all wastewater, including sink, tub, shower, and wash water, to enter the septic system. Discharging any wastewater off the lot property is illegal. As a general guidance, personal drinking water wells should have a minimum horizontal distance of 16 to 32 feet from such potential sources of groundwater contamination. The table below gives distance requirements between septic components and wells, streams, trees, property boundaries, lakes, etc. Common guidelines require at least 16 m clearance distance An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP between a well and a septic system tank or 48rn between a well and a septic drain-field. Local soil and rock conditions are to be considered. Well Construction & Maintenance Details to Avoid Pollution4 Septic System Clearances from Wells, buildings, & Other Site Features Min. Separation From Septic Tank Drain-field Lagoon Structures to Tank/SAS 3m 1,5m 32m Property line to 3m 3m 23m Neighboring residence - - 65m Water supply piping to 3m 3m 3m WATER SUPPLY PIPING under suction 3m - 32m Non-potable water well - 16m - Water supply well 16m 23m - Public water well - 65m 92m Cistern- - - 8m Spring 16m - 32m Streams 16m - 8m Swimming Pool 5m - 32m High water line of lake etc - 23m - SAS = Soil Absorption System - Leach Field etc. These distances are for conventional onsite waste disposal systems which specify clearances, presuming that effluent is being disposed-off after minimal treatment such as is received by a septic tank or cesspool. Advanced onsite wastewater treatment systems, permit substantial reduction in these clearances, depending on the level of treatment achieved. 4 th Table of Required Septic - Well Clearances, http://inspectapedia.com/septic/clearances.htm. Retrieved on May 20 , 2012 An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP Basic guidelines The basic guidelines for the design, construction, and annual testing of are provided below. These guidelines identify methods for proper design, and annual testing requirements that should be adhered to protect the potable water system from cross-contamination. A. Regulatory Documents and Permits – Prior to the design of a wastewater treatment installation, AAIP ESMF teams and engineer should be familiar with the regulatory and permit requirements. B. Drawings and Specifications – Design drawings and specifications of the wastewaters treatment installation system shall be prepared and provided to the municipal authority having jurisdiction for the location of the lab for review. The drawings should show all components of the system, including piping diagrams, storage tanks, etc. C. Installation – Wastewater piping shall not be placed in the same trench with potable water lines. Applicable provisions of the Afghan code will be observed. D. Users Information – Labs operations staff are required to participate in an information program given by the ESMF team and the contractor. The Information session will inform the designated user and provide a means to answer any questions the user may have. E. Inspection and Testing – An initial and subsequent annual test shall be performed on the wastewater management system to confirm proper installation and functioning of the system. In addition, soil testing will be undertaken after every case of flooding The impact of flooding rivers, overflowing sewage and septic systems and other freshwater flooding has an immediate and dramatic effect on the lives of area residents, agriculture and the overall environment. After the water has receded, evaluation of damages is necessary. Flood water can have a pronounced influence on soil fertility and its physical and chemical properties, as well as creating potentially serious environmental issues. Soil testing for agronomic concerns is essential, and selecting the appropriate parameters to measure by soil testing will depend on the characteristics of the flooding event. Soil testing for environmental concerns is also crucial. The flooding of livestock facilities, sewage treatment plants, septic tanks, can be a significant source of pathogenic microbes. Concerns for pesticide contamination result from flooding of locations storing significant amounts of undiluted pesticides. Annex 24: Generic TORs for Social Safeguard and Gender Specialists Afghanistan Agricultural Inputs Project (AAIP) An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP Terms of Reference (TOR) Project Background Building on the Agriculture Master Plan, the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (GoA) in collaboration with its development partners has defined a number of appropriate priorities for agricultural investments, and policies under the National Agricultural Development Framework (NADF). In order to increase farmers' incomes and improve the food security situation, the GoA is giving foremost attention to strengthen the agricultural production base. In this respect the government has asked the World Bank for assistance in strengthening agricultural input supply systems. Specifically, the GoA is implementing Afghanistan Agriculture Inputs Project with funding support by the World Bank under ARTF funding mechanism. AAIP consists of the following four components: (i) Improve seed production and certification; (ii) Establish infrastructure and policies regarding quality control and safe use of fertilizers and agrochemicals; (iii) Improve input delivery systems; and (iv) Establish efficient project management, implementation and coordination mechanisms. The development objective of AAIP project is strengthened institutional capacity for safety and reliability of agricultural inputs and sustainable production of certified wheat seed. Job Summary: The summary of the position are ensuring appropriate consideration and application of social, and gender aspects of ESMF implementation, compliance monitoring, reporting and capacity building of relevant project staff and relevant community members and farmers in understanding social concerns and how to mitigate them. Key Responsibilities of Social Safeguards and Gender Specialist: As member of the AAIP ESMF implementation team, the incumbent will support the AAIP Director, in the implementation of the ESMF. Specifically he/she will be responsible for the following tasks:  Develop Social screening & assessment procedures for the implementation of the ESMF of AAIP and as a basis for developing the social, and gender aspects in the ESMPs,  Monitor social compliance of ESMF implementation in AAIP,  Identify social concerns and potential impacts of sub-projects, and recommend mitigation measures according to sub-project stage (design, construction and operation),  Develop gender strategy for AAIP,  Follow up on the gender strategy implementation in AAIP and MAIL,  Coordination of gender related activities with MAIL gender Unit,  Making sure that both gender equity, and equality is taken care inside AAIP,  Act as focal point for gender related issues and conflicts throughout implementation of the project,  Act as focal point for complaints related to sexual, and emotional harassments of women in the project,  Ensure that the social risks of sub-project implementation are adequately addressed through the application of various guidelines for social screening and assessment,  Ensure consultations are done with stakeholders - including private sector and local farmers groups as well as communities, to elicit the views of both male, and female stakeholders,  Ensure public and social awareness guidelines are implemented and monitored, An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP  Prepare periodic reports that address the social issues, and submit them to AAIP director.  Organize and implement continuous training programs and sessions to the relevant staff of AAIP, community members and farmers on gender, and social aspects,  Ensure that an easily accessible GRM (Grievance Redress Mechanism) is functional and included in reporting system,  Maintain close linkage for flow up of information between World Bank and AAIP regarding social issues in project implementation,  Ensure implementation of a communication strategy related to social safeguards,  Develop smooth reporting mechanisms and working relationships with all relevant staff of AAIP and address whenever serious social issues arise in the field,  Provide, disseminate and disclose the relevant ESMF and ESMP documents in the form and language understandable for the relevant staff working with AAIP, government counterparts and other stakeholders including local communities,  Perform other duties as requested by the AAIP Director and management team. Required Knowledge, Skill and Abilities:  BSc in environment, agricultural extension, social studies, gender related studies, political studies or other relevant fields,  Advanced degree (MSc) in one of the above mentioned fields is an asset,  Minimum of 4 years of relevant experience (with BSc) or 3 years of relevant experience (with MSc) in the areas of social impact analysis, and gender  Basic knowledge of gender related issues in Afghanistan, Basic knowledge of agriculture and its challenges in Afghanistan, Understanding of challenges faced by disadvantaged and vulnerable people including (but not limited to) the poor women etc.  Demonstrated ability to write clear and concise reports,  Experience with World Bank funded projects is an asset,  Demonstrated knowledge of MS Office packages, especially MS Power Point, MS Word and MS Excel,  Able to work under pressure and as team member and work for long hours as and whenever required,  Fluent in English as well in Pashto / Dari ( speaking and writing),  Able to travel to provinces whenever required for social monitoring of the sub-project activities Submission Guidelines: Send CV and Cover letter to AAIP, Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock, or send us your CVs in soft to: vacancies.aaip@mail.gov.af Annex 25: Generic TOR for Environmental Specialist Afghanistan Agricultural Inputs Project (AAIP) Terms of Reference (ToR) An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP About AAIP (Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock) Building on the Agriculture Master Plan, the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (GoA), in collaboration with its development partners, has defined a number of appropriate priorities for agricultural investments and policies under the National Agricultural Development Framework (NADF). In order to increase farmers' incomes and improve the food security situation, the GoA is giving foremost attention to strengthening of the agricultural production base. In this respect the government has asked the World Bank for assistance in strengthening agricultural input supply systems. Specifically, the GoA has requested the World Bank for assistance in the implementation of the Afghanistan Agriculture Inputs Project (AAIP) that will consist of the following four components: (i) Improve seed production and certification; (ii) Establish infrastructure and policies regarding quality control and safe use of fertilizers and agrochemicals; (iii) Improve input delivery systems; and (iv) Establish efficient project management, implementation and coordination mechanisms. The development objective of AAIP project is strengthened institutional capacity for safety and reliability of agricultural inputs and sustainable production of certified wheat seed. The implementation phase of the project is expected to start around mid-2013. Under its Seed Component, the project assists the Agricultural Research Institute of Afghanistan (ARIA) with their mandates of variety selection, maintenance breeding and production of Breeder’s Seed, the Improved Seed Enterprise (ISE) with their mandate to produce Foundation and Registered Seed, and the Afghan National Seed Organization (ANSOR) and its member Private Seed Enterprises (PSEs) with their mandate to produce and market Certified Seed. (NB Seed Certification is supported by another project, funded by the EU) Moreover the project will support the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL) with the overall coordination of the seed sector. Support provided by the project consists of hardware (equipment, constructions, etc.) and software (capacity building, organization, legislation, technical support, etc.). In order to coordinate the activities and provide the support mentioned, the project‘s Management Unit (PMU), apart from administrative and other technical units, contains a seed team consisting of a National Seed Program Coordinator and two National Seed Officers. It also provides short and long term national and international consultants and staff to the implementing partner organizations. Job Summary The summary of the position are ensuring the ESMF proper implementation, compliance, monitoring, reporting and capacity building of relevant project staff and relevant community members and farmers in understanding environment concerns and how to mitigate them. Duties and Responsibilities  As member of the AAIP ESMF implementation team, he/she will support the AAIP Director, in the implementation of the ESMF.  Environmental and Social Screening & Assessment Procedure for the relevant tasks of AAIP and if needed prepare ESMP development for those tasks.  Monitor compliance of ESMF implementation in AAIP.  Identify environmental concerns, potential impacts, and recommended mitigations measures according to project stage (design, construction and operation).  Prepare periodic reports that address the ESMF issues and submit them to AAIP director.  Organize brief but continuous training schedules to the relevant staff of AAIP with regard to ESMF.  Maintain close linkage for flow of information between World Bank and AAIP in An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP environmental related fields.  Develop smooth reporting and work relationship with all relevant staff of AAIP and address whenever serious environmental issues arise in the field.  Provide, disseminate and disclose the relevant ESMF and ESMP documents in the form and language understandable for the relevant staff working with AAIP, related organizations and possibly to the local communities.  Perform other duties as requested by AAIP Director. Travels to Provinces Require Travels to Provinces Skills  Understanding of environmental issues in Afghanistan, knowledge of major world treaties regarding environment.  Good knowledge of report writing, being able to travel to the provinces when and if required  Good communication skills and Computer skills. Qualifications Bachelor’s degree or masters degree in Environment, Natural Resource Management, Ecological studies or any other relevant field. Minimum 4 years of experience in dealing with environmental management and/or assessments of agricultural projects with Bachelor’s degree; and 3 year experience with Master’s degree. Fundamental knowledge of agricultural projects and their social and environmental effects. Understanding of environmental issues in Afghanistan. Job Location Afghanistan - Kabul Education: Bachelors Degree Annex 26: GRC on HQ level An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP AAIP Selected bibliography Afghanistan accelerating sustainable agriculture program (ASAP) pesticide evaluation report and safer use action plan (PERSUAP)- USAID. http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADM436.pdf. Retrieved on May 20th, 2012 An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP Environment and Social Safeguards Framework for the Emergency Horticulture and Livestock Productivity Project (HLP) Emergency Horticulture and Livestock Project (2009) Ministry of Agriculture Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL) Afghanistan; PMP for the NHLP ESMF-On Farm Water Management project (2010); MAIL, Afghanistan IRDP-Environmental and Social Management Framework (2011); Main report for the Irrigation Restoration and Development Project, Afghanistan, MAIL Guidelines for sewage collection system in the states of Georgia; USA; revised version of November 2010; Guidelines for sewage collection system in the states of Virginia; USA; (2010) Guidelines for sewage collection system in Fairfax County; USA; (2010) Nellie J. Brown; Hazard Manual: Wastewater Treatment Plant and Sewer Workers; Cornell University Health; http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu; Retrieved on May 20th, 2012 NEPA policies guidelines, the stages of the administrative process for screening are shown on the diagram. (2007) NEPA - National Environmental Impact Assessment Policy. An Integrated Approach to Environmental Impact Assessment in Afghanistan; Final (November 2007) Planning for Domestic Wastewater Systems; State of Georgia, Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division, Water Protection Branch; http://www.gaepd.org/Files_PDF/techguide/wpb/domestic.pdf. Retrieved on May 10th, 2012 Table of Required Septic - Well Clearances, http://inspectapedia.com/septic/clearances.htm. Retrieved on May 20th, 2012 Pest and pesticide management plan (2011); Improving Agricultural Inputs Delivery System (AAIP) Project Rebuilding Afghanistan‘s Agricultural Markets Program; U.S. Trade & Development Agency; http://www.trade.gov/static/afghanistan_agriculturalprogs.pdf; Retrieved on May 20th, 2012 An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for AAIP