46000 Evaluation of The Sanitation Component of KIP JUDP Ill Final Report for UNDP/World Bank Water and Sanitation Program Regional Water &Sanitation Group for East A$ia &the Pacific by Haryatiningsih July 1996 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page l. INTRODUCTION 1 Background of KIP-JUDP III 1 Summary of method used 2 • Document review 3 • The Selections of Location, Household Survey and Field Observation 3 • Surveyors, Questionnaires and Respondents 3 • Data Processing 6 II. MAIN FINDINGS OF THE KIP-JUDP III IMPLEMENTATION 7 Community understanding of the KIP-JUDP III 7 Implementation Progress of the KIP-JUDP III Social Development Program 8 Implementation Progress of the KIP-JUDP III Economic Development Program 9 The Physical Implementation Progress of KIP-JUDP III Sanitation Component 12 Private Toilets 14 Public bathing, washing and toilet facility 15 Collective toilets 18 Ditches, river, open space, ponds 20 Urban community's priority 21 III. LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE KIP JUDP-III IMPLEMENTATION 23 Community's perception of KIP 23 The key actors' mentality 24 Leadership 24 Program socialization 25 Community participation 25 Basic need fulfillment 26 Impact on the general attitude towards healthy environment 27 i LIST OF ANNEXES ANNEX 1 : THE SUMMARY OF MoA • TABLE A: SUMMARY OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT COMPONENTS OF THE KIP-JUDP III OF THE TEN VILLAGES ACCORDING TO MoA • TABLE B : SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COMPONENTS OF THE KIP-JUDP III OF THE TEN VILLAGES ACCORDING TO MoA • TABLE C: SUMMARY OF SANITATION DEVELOPMENT COMPONENTS OF THE KIP-JUDP III OF THE TEN VILLAGES ACCORDING TO MoA • ANNEX 2 VILLAGE PROFILE • ANNEX 3 METHOD OF SURVEY • ANNEX 4 SUMMARY OF PRIMARY DATA • ANNEX 5 LIST OF INDIVIDUALS/ORGANIZATION INTERVIEWED DURING THE ASSIGNMENT • ANNEX 6 TERM OF REFERENCE (TOR) iii I. INTRODUCTION This study has been carried out as assigned and funded by UNDP/World Bank Water and Sanitation Program for East Asia and the Pacific and requested by the EA3IN Division of the World Bank. The focus of the study is aimed at the sanitation component of the Kampung Improvement Program (KIP). The Kampung Improvement Program - Third Jabotabek Urban Development Project (JUDP III) was initiated in 1990 in 75 villages (kelurahan) in Jakarta and 20 villages in Botabek. In 1994 the coverage of KIP-JUDP III increased by 10 additional villages of DKI Jakarta which were implemented by the NGOs. The Sanitation program is an important component of the KIP and has a direct impact on the environmental and health conditions of the rural population. A follow-up study should be carried out to determine the sanitation program's effect on these sectors, its benefit to the population as well as the problems and accomplislunents. Therefore the evaluation program is an important tool for an institution to review and improve the policies in implementing its projects. As laid out in detail in the terms of reference, the objectives of this study are to (i) evaluate the achieved progress and the existing institutions or rural organizations which were established to operate and maintain the sanitation facilities and environmental improvements; (ii) identify the weaknesses and successes in building the sanitation facilities; (iii) design the strategy for project implementation in the remaining time period; and (iv) prepare a sanitation component framework for the next KIP. Background of KIP JUDP ill One of the government efforts to improve the facilities and infrastructure of the urban environment is through the KIP, as carried out in the present KIP JUDP III and funded by the World Bank loan (Loan 3246-IND). The KIP which was initiated in the 1960s has helped 15 million of Indonesia's low income population living in urban slum areas. In Jabotabek 1.4 million people have benefitted from the KIP-JUDP III program implementation. The first phase of KIP in Indonesia (1969-1974) emphasized improving the physical condition of kampungs such as improvements of road, drainage, sanitation facilities, school buildings and community he~lth centers. The second phase (1974-1989) KIP emphasized improvements and renovation of housing, to provide a better and healthier living environment. As the KIPs developed, it was learned that the facilities built under the KIP I and KIP II were not managed, maintained nor developed by the people at the KIP locations. Based on the evaluation the failure is caused by the people's incompetence due to unsuitable sectoral development as well as decision making procedures. 1 The sectoral development program which emphasized only physical aspects has caused people to feel left out of the kampung development process, they are not ready to use the provided facilities as socially and mentally though it is aimed to improve their socio-economic condition. The procedures for the program is decision making have not reflected the people's aspiration and needs because they are not involved directly in the program formulation and decision making. Due to the shortcomings of the previous program, the KIP JUDP III applied a more participatory approach known as "Tribina". Tribina consists of three prime activities as follows: • bina sosial (social attitude development), a program which is aimed to improve the quality of the existing manpower, leadership, social attitudes discipline; • bina ekonomi (economic development), a program which is aimed to encourage economic activities to create job opportunities in the urban areas; • bina fisik (phyl)ical development), a program to improve the facilities and infrastructure as well as the environment in the urban areas. The participation of the urban population in the KIP-JUDP III is carried out through the full involvement of the urban community in the entire process of planning, implementation, monitoring, maintenance and development of the program. Therefore this new program is oriented not only to the physical aspects as carried out in the previous program. Summary of the method used The evaluation of the sanitation program of the KIP-JUDP III is focused only on the component which is closely related to human waste. In general the urban and rural population in Indonesia are using the sanitation system which is divided into four categories in handling their human waste: • private toilet (squat or sit) usually located inside the house; some houses have septic tanks and some don't; • MCK (public bathing, washing, and toilet) basically has similar construction to the private toilet. This facility is usually provided for public purpose with or without fees for using it; • collective toilet or jamban jamak is a sanitation system which consists of a number of toilets in different houses connected to a single septic tank; • open toilet, this is a very simple squat toilet, usually a construction of wood built in front of house yards, by rivers, ponds or drainage channels. 2 • Document Review A collection of relevant data, references, and results of important studies was n~viewed including the reports of Community Health Development Program Design, Environmental Health Development Program Design, Sanitation Program Work Plan of Kampung Improvement KIP/PMHT Ill, supporting data such as relevant maps and the most important document, Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) of ten villages in Jabotabek for sampling. The data for KIP-JUDP III documentation has been collected from different main sources such as Dinas Perumahan DKI as ,the Project Management Unit (PMU) MHT III, PMU KIP-JUDP Ill BOTABEK in Tangerang, Project Implementation Unit (PIU) in Bogor, Tangerang dan Bekasi, village offices, consultants and the NGOs involved in the KIP- JUDP III. This document review provided the basic background which was very useful in the field implementation as well as in the preparation of this report. • The Selections of Location, Household Survey and Field Observation . The selection of survey locations. After reviewing existing documents and interviewing related parties of KIP-JUDP III, five criteria were agreed on and were used to identify ten villages for survey. See Table 1 and Figure 1. Household surveys were completed in the fourth week of June 1996. The average time needed to complete the survey in each village was between five and seven days. Field observation. Apart from the interview using questionnaires with the respondents, data collection was done by directly observing the physical conditions of existing sanitation facilities and the socio-economic conditions of local communities to obtain data on problems and their opinion on the facilities which was not covered by the questionnaires. The field observation focused on the physical aspects of the sanitation facility constructions in the KIP-JUDP III. • Surveyors, Questionnaires and Respondents The surveyors who were selected to carry out interviews were recruited from the local community. Household surveys in the ten villages were carried out by 44 surveyors, comprises of 41 housewives and 3 men. Their active involvement in the community health center or other community organizations was one of the criteria for recruitment of the surveyors. After all the surveyors were selected, they were trained for 3.5 hours. After reviewing the filled questionnaires, it is clear that these surveyors had performed very well, as can be seen from the accuracy of the data collected. From all the filled questionnaires only about 30 questionnaires had incomplete data. In this case all the surveyors were asked to reinterview the respondents and to refill the questionnaires. All the surveyors showed very positive attitudes in performing their job; they were serious, honest, accurate, very cooperative and responsible, and were willing to redo the survey when necessary. 3 Figure 1 Survey Locations JAVA SEA BOG OR 1. Sungai Bambu 2. Galur 3. Kotabambu Utara 4. Kalianyar 5. Pisangan Baru 6. Manggarai Selatan 7. Tugu 8. Jurumudi Baru 9. Dadap 10. Kalibaru TABLE 1 SURVEY LOCATIONS AND SELECTION CRITERIA I Selection Criteria No. Village --· Administrati~e ·-- I PopulationDensity Percentage -~f ·- Gmplem~~ta:;~-~~- -~ Area ! per hectare slum area (%) Management I &L Stage I I I ! I I -; ·1 I l.i Sungai Bambu North Jakarta I 284 14 i PT. Astron Polaris 11992/1993- 1995/1996 2. Galur Central Jakarta 676 39 PT. Astron Polaris I 1991/1992 - 1993/1994 I I 3. I Kotabambu Utara West Jakarta 410 I 26 I PT. Astron Polaris 1991/1992- 1993/1994 I 4. I Kalianyar West Jakarta 910 I 40 l CARE 1995/1996 +>- 5. I Pisangan Baru East Jakarta 588 I 25 I PT. Astmn Polaris 11992/1993- 1995/1996 6. I Manggarai Selatan South Jakarta 679 I 50 I PT. Astron Polaris 11992/1993- 1994/1995 7. ! Tugu Bogor Regency I 96 I 30 1 PT. Indoconsult I 1993/1994 i 8. I Jurumudi Baru Tangerang Municipality 1 59 I 58 [ PT. Redecon 11993/1994 - 1995/1996 9. Dadap I Tangerang Regency I 72 39 J PT. Redecon 11993/1994 - 1995/1996 I I 10. : Kalibaru l Bekasi Regency 70 I 40 PT. Seecon i 1992/1993 - 1993/1994 _I i l I 9 Consultants + : 1 NGO c:\123R24\ning·.tahd -I Source : KIP-JUDP III documents and field work The questionnaires were an important survey tool designed particularly to help the surveyors do the interview with ease. The questionnaires were prepared in three types of format: questionnaires for respondents having private toilets, collective toilets, MCK and questionnaires for those who do not use toilets and still use their house yards (garden), rivers, ponds or ditches for their human waste. The total questionnaires collected which were feasible to be processed were 799, consisting of 478 (60%) from DKI Jakarta and 321 (40%) from 'Botabek. The respondents were picked randomly from each RW (neighborhood group) at the survey location. From the data collected, 312 respondents were using private toilets, 209 using MCK, 217 using open toilets, and 61 using collective toilets . • Data Processing The data was processed using SPSS version 6 for Windows with the following steps: • Checking the questionnaires. The checking was carried out manually to see if the questionnaires had been filled properly. Each questionnaire was marked for identification. • Data entry formatting. Data entry formatting was carried out by translating all the questions of the questionnaire and entered accordingly into a series of variables for SPSS software. • Data entry. The process of entering manual data (questionnaires) into digital data which is compatible to the SPSS software in order to make the preparation for the desired data processing. • Data clearing. This was carried out by rechecking the data that had been entered gradually: data reentry for a number of questionnaires picked randomly; checking whether the answers in a number of questionnaires are logical; and manual rechecking by reviewing the digital data printout. • Recoding. Conforming the coding of each answer of the questionnaire by regrouping the open answers as well as data with large variants. Recoding was applied to the cleared digital data. • Data processing output. Data processing was carried out by creating a design out of the desired outputs that it is then translated to the commands applicable to the SPSS Software. 6 ll. MAIN FINDINGS OF THE KIP-JUDP ill IMPLE:MENTATION A number of fmdings emerged from the household surveys, field observations and review of existing documents. The assessment of the progress of the KIP-JUDP III implementation is divided into three primary parts according to the Tribina approach to the program . The first part defines the benfits achieved from the implementation of the social development program or training of the affected communities ofKIP-JUDP III project. The second part defines the existing economic activities as the results of the application of economic development concept in the villages and how the community benefits from these activities. The third part defines the physical achievement of the sa~tation facilities. To assess the achievement of the KIP-JUDP III field implementation the Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) of the Implementation of the Kampung Improvement Project KIP-JUDP III was used as reference. The MoA is the signed document of agreement on the implementation of socio-economic and physical development program between the community of a related village and the regional government. In the case of the city of Jakarta the signing of the MoA was carried out by the DKI Jakarta Regional Government which is represented by the Bappem PMHT and the kampung community represented by the LKMD administrator. In the case of Botabek, the MoA was signed by the Level II Local Goverrunent (Pemerintah Daerah Tingkat Il/Kabupaten/Kotamadya) represented by the Secretary of PIU KIP-JUDP III of the related Regency /Municipality and the kampung represented by the Head of the LKMD of the related village. Each village prepares and possesses their individual MoA but apparently the role of consultants and NGOs is still very dominant in the process of preparing this document. This agreement document between the regional government and the village level community was not available in all of the ten village offices. Most of this documents were collected from the consultants who kept them for their personal files, while some were collected from the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) KIP-JUDP III of the individual region. Community understanding of .the KIP-JUDP ill The target community of the KIP-JUDP III project heard about the Kampung Improvement Program from their neighborhood association (RW/RT) and newspapers. This fact was confirmed by 45% of the respondents. The second source of information was the village office staff, the local community leaders, and the media (TV /radio). Less than 2% of the respondents heard about the KIP plan from the NGOs or the consultants who were responsible for training the target communities as well as the preparation of the kampung development planning. 7 · The information received by the target community was only limited to very general information. To date they are still relatively unaware about the KIP components which have been or will be built in their village. Almost in all villages, the knowledge on the KIP-JUDP III is still low. The objective to achieve community based development through the KIP-JUDP III project still needs much work . Implementation Progress of the KIP-JUDP ill Social Development Program. The objective of the social development program in the KIP-JUDP III project is to streng1then and encourage the local participants in the development process; stabilize the community development working groups; and improve the awareness of the community in environmental sanitation. One of the Tribina approaches of the program was to place a community development coordinator (CDC) in each village. Some villages receive technical assistance from two CDCs at once like Kalianyar village, but there is also a case in Bogor where a CDC handlles a few villages. The key to successfully achieving targets in community participation development programs is the commitment and capabilities of the CDC in communicating with the target communities. Two CDCs in each village to handle the community development program is the most ideal number. A CDC who is placed in a village usually is recruited from an NGO, he/she works and lives with the target community. For the villages which are not assisted by an NGO, the appointed consultant will work with an NGO to recruit a CDC. When this study was just started, there were four CDCs working in Kalianyar, Kotabambu Utara villages and Dadap village that we met in the field. The CDCs working in the other seven villages had completed their duties. The main program which was completed in each village is tratmng, particularly training in the community development leadership. The sanitation related training consisted of community health training, environmental health training and drainage maintenance training. The best training program to directly benefit local communities is skill training, provided to improve their capabilities in managing a small-scale enterprise and bookkeeping. The numbers of individuals as well as institutions to provide this type of training are adequate. As there is a number of different institutions available to provide the training, the CDCs are required to play the leading role in helping the local communities discuss and identify their needs and select the most suitable institutions to carry out the needed tra.ining. After learning the lessons from past experience, it is expected that this approach will avoid the provision of unnecessary training which does not immediately impact the target community. The recognized institutions currently used to carry out the training programs are the Department of Human Resources, the Department of Information and the Department of Health. 8 Apart from training, one of the activity outputs of the social development program is the establishment of a number of community working groups (KSM) on sanitation, garbage management and clean water supply management. Unfortunately most of the KSMs are no longer active, except in a number of villages which are still assisted by CDCs. With this situation it is difficult to monitor the implementation of socio-economic activities as laid out in the MoA. Nevertheless, the respondents' knowledge of the KIP-JUDP HI, particularly on Sanitation KSM indicated that "socializing" the kampung improvement program is still far from success. Ninety percent of the MCK user respondents said that they never heard about the Sanitation KSM. Sanitation training and extension were merely theoretical and not practical. The summary of the KIP-JUDP III activities in the ten villages can be seen in Table A of Annex 1. Implementation Progress of the KIP-JUDP III Economic Development Program The results of the economic development program activities varied from one village to the others. The emphasis of the economic development program was on efforts to improve local community based economic activities and on introducing a community self- financing group (Kelompok Simpan Pinjam or KSP) to start a revolving funds . Training was the first program activity introduced in each village before the community based economic program activity was identified and encouraged. Four basic areas of training were provided: management, enterprise development, product marketing and skills training such as driving, sewing, molding, printing, electronics and etc . A few respondents particularly from the Jakarta area who took the skills training 1. The CiJordinator of Community SelJ~Jinancing complained that there are still no available Group (KSP) facilities/job openings for them to apply The KSP in RW 05 of Kalibaru district is their newly acquired skills. coordinated by a community leader who is also selected by its community as the head of RW In most of the surveyed villages, the (neighbm:hoodassociation). ThiS. perso1.1 ~sa lot of community self-financing groups (KSP) landihat caJ,t··be tis~d by· S1llall scale traders with were formed. These groups provide funds renting .fees. T:h~se Vel.ldor:s receive ·credits. from ·theii'KSP. He a:)so huilt 8. simple offi(';e •on the land for loans for small scale enterprises. The witli 1 small desR and two chairs, just .enough to funds provided to the KSPs as the seed protect two collectors from the sun and rain. This capital are very useful to the borrowers and system makes the debtors pay their payments the loan payments are on time. without difficulties and for it eases the collectors to monitor the debtors. The MCK is provided in this si:nall market a.nd the fee is 200 rupiah each time per From the total of 58 KSPs planned, person. 65% or 38 KSPs were actually formed with the total of 600 beneficiaries. Presently there are 70% of active KSPs and they are also well managed. The total amount of money loaned through these KSPs are 158,977,000 rupiahs and the delinquency rate is less than one percent. 9 • Table 2 shows the development of the KSPs in each village of the survey area. In Jakarta for example one of the village which is Pisangan Baru has nine active KSPs with thirty six members and their revolving funds reached fifteen million rupiahs. The KSP of the economic development program in Botabek has developed well and is still very active today particularly in the villages of Kalibaru dan Dadap. There are two KSPs in Kalibaru village in RW 05 and RW 06. Both RWs were given priority by the KIP-JUDP III economic development program as most of their population work as small traders. All the credit payments are paid on time under a supervisor and two debt collectors for each KSP. The KSPs in Kalibaru village has now 150 members and their revolving funds amount to 42 million rupiahs. The economic development program in Dadap village, Tangerang is reflected by the KSP Bahari lndah which helps the fisherman community in the area. The KSP is coordinated by a housewife and almost all of its members are women. This KSP is assisted by one CDC. The funds collected from the KSP are used to help small scale entrepreneurs such as food vendors and the average amount of each loan given is 50,000 rupiahs. 2. The success of a small scale ctedit debtor. Mr. Saefudin is a martabak (traditional dish) seller in Rawabehek market, Bekasi.He received 100,000 rupiah as his first loan from KSP which he used to repair his vendor cart. He was able to repay his loan on time in 40 days. He WllS able to pay the instalment of,2,7:SO rupiah every day. This means.thatin40 days he had paid 110;000 rupiah: 105,000 rupiah is the amountofhis.Joan plus interest, 4,000 rupiah is paid as 1. The Rawabebek traditional market obligatory saving, and the 1.000 rupiah is donated to the KSP cbarity ca8h.box. The increasing number· of J;1,1yers has made him decide to seUpermaneritlY in one place. He received a. second loan; and used the money to construct a new vendor cart. He asked his nephew to help him selling martabak with his new cart while he is now selling continuously by the Rawabebek market. The second • loan was also paid on time. A third loan has enabled him to recruit another nephew. Now he is contemplating another and bigger loan to extend his business. 2. Public facility (MCK) inside the market 10 -- - TABLE 2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY SELF-FINANCING GROUPS (KSP) -- Number of Number of Number of Amount of No. Village KSP Planned KSP Formed Beneficiaries Status money loaned Remarks (unit) (unit) (people) (rupiahs) ! l. Suugai Bambu 3 None - - I - - 2. Galur 7 7 data not not active yet ! - - available I ' I I 3. Kotabambu Utara I 1 95 active 43,000,000 Smooth repayment, I I no delinquency 4. Kalianyar 4 4 16 active 2,000,000 Smooth repayment, ' no delinquency 5. Pisangan Baru 12 9 36 active 15,000,000 i I Smooth repayment, I no delinquency 1-' 1-' 6. Manggarai Selatan 6 1 108 active 35,700,000 Smooth repayment, only two cases of ' delinquency ' I 7. Tugu no KSP planned - - - - - I ! I 8. Jururnudi Baru 7 3 44 active 3,350,000 I Smooth repayment, ! I no delinquency I ' i 9. Dadap 10 8 151 active 17,840,000 Smooth repayment, I I no delinquency I i I i IO. Kalibaru 9 5 150 active 42,087,000 i Smooth repayment, I I no delinquency i I Total of survey area 59 38 600 i 70% 158,977,000 Delinquency rate less ! I (64% actually active I ! than 1% . ·------. '--- formed} ! J ! ·-- I23R24\ta ~I -2\ I2. I 2. 96 3. The head of Bahari lndah KSP Mrs. Siti is the head of Bahari lndah KSP. She appreciates the benefits of this KIP-JUDP III program. Through this KSP she can financially help h~r family. Her husband, a fisherman does not always have a good catch to bring enough money for the whole family. He, like other fishermen in the area is categorized as having irregular and low income. She also feels that the KSP has helped her out of her dependency on the informal money lenders who charge excessive interests. Apart from that the KSP has taught people to improve their income management. 3. KSP Bahari Indah Office The details ofKIP-JUDP III economic development program in the ten villages according to the MoA can be seen in Table B of Annex 1. The Physical Implementation Progress of the KIP-JUDP III Sanitation Component The sanitation condition in all of the surveyed villages shows that a lot ot households (39%) have a sanitation facility or private toilet in their houses. From that percentage only half or 197 out of the 312 private toilets use septic tanks. The liquid and solid human wastes from private toilets without septic tank are channeled to the public drainage or nearby rivers. In the Jakarta area the wastes are channeled to the rivers ofKali Buntu, Kali Sentiong, Banjir Kanal, to the connecting channel of Ciliwung and Cisadane rivers in Tangerang area, and to the Kalibaru irrigation channel in Bekasi area. Others channel their wastes to the existing ponds like in the village of Jurumudi Baru of Tangerang area where many villagers raise fish in ponds. 4. The high populatio11 density caused drainage channels to be used as disposal sites for human and other wastes 12 In some villages such as Sungai Bambu in North Jakarta, Kotabambu Utara in West Jakarta, and Manggarai Selatan in South Jakarta there are many private toilets whose wastes are channeled directly to the nearby rivers using long PVC pipes, sometimes as long as 30 meters. The shortage of land in the city of Jakarta is the main reason that septic tanks are not planted in the crowded slum urban areas . 5. Industrial wastes is also deposited into the drainage ditches As in Tangerang and Bekasi areas, though land is available to build septic tanks, the poor sanitation condition is mainly caused by lack of environmental awareness. The following Table 3 shows that in general, the percentage of households who have access to use septic tanks was only 50%. It comprises of the households using private toilets, MCKs and the collective toilets which are associated with septic tanks. It means that the other 50% of the households do not have any sanitation facility. They use yards, nearby rivers, drainage, beach and ponds for their human waste disposal. The details of sanitation component implementation of the KIP-JUDP III in the survey area based on the MoA of each village can be seen in Table C Annex 1. 13 TABLE 3 : SANITATION SYSTEM USED BY HOUSEHOLDS IN THE SURVEY AREA Type of sanitation facility used No. of households % 1. Private toilet 312 39 • Connected to septic tanks (197) • • Connected directly to drainage channels and rivers (115) • 2. MCK 209 26 • • Connected to septic tanks • Connected directly to drainage channels and rivers (140) (69) 3. Directly to the yards, drainage channels, beach, river and ponds 217 27 4. Collective toilet, connected to septic tank 61 8 Total 799 100 Total households using septic tanks 398 50 Private Toilets The average age of the septic tanks available in the survey area are less than ten years old. Most of the septic tanks are designed to be emptied after three years of construction, but 75% of them have never been vacuumed. Generally, the septic tanks are drained after 10 years of use as the residents will only have them serviced after they start having problems. The users confirmed that they never have problems with their present septic tank. This is reflected by the answers of 84% of the respondents who are using septic tanks. The distance between the septic tank with clean water well is around 6-10 meters in average. Only few respondents reported that their septic tanks smell bad (7%) and easily overflow (7%). Only 25% of all tanks have been drained costing approximately Rp.50,000 per tank, depending on the remoteness of the tanks. Sometimes a few households have to pay more based on the length of pipe connecting the service truck and the tank, particularly in ·the overpopulated areas where there are difficult direct accesses for the service truck. The Dinas PU or local sanitation authority are the most frequently used public agents, 74% of the total households use them. In inaccessible areas, the residents or 19% of the respondents clean their own tanks manually using water buckets. Only 7% of the total households use 14 private agents. Most of the septic tanks are without absorption drain. The excesses are usually drained through the existing drainage system or nearby rivers. The cost of building one unit of private toilet is approximately 300,000 rupiah. Most of the cost is used for constructing the septic tank, and the rest is used to rebuild the toilet or the walls . In all of the MoAs of the villages, the private toilet construction credit program was not included (Table C of Annex 1), so that the implementation progress of private toilets physical construction could not be evaluated. Nevertheless, the consultant in the survey field found that non-interest credit of maximum 450,000 rupiahs for septic tank construction was available apparently from the World Bank. The money is used to build the septic tank as usually the credit recipient already owns a toilet with drainage led to the nearby river. Unfortunately, the consultant was unable to locate the person assigned by the Department of Public Works and the World Bank . Most of the answers collected from the questionnaires show that the demand for private toilets with septic tanks is considerably high. Fifty seven percent or 227 from the total of 398 households without standard sanitation facilities, expressed their interest in building facilities if they have access to loans (although it is not the priority). The respondents include the households which have private toilets but no septic tanks, the MCK users, and those without sanitation facilities who use open space, drainage system, ponds, beaches or nearby rivers for their sanitation need. The average potential for loan repayment is Rp.S,OOO a month. Public bathing, washing, and toilet facility (MCK) The total existing MCKs in the ten sample villages is 38 units. Nineteen of them or 50% were built through the KIP-JUDP III program and all of them are located in the Botabek area. The other nineteen MCKs in six villages in the Jakarta area were built by a number of donors such as Bapindo, Telkom, the Department of Public Works, ABRI Masuk Desa (AMD) or army-civilian cooperation program, private sector and self-funded. In the six villages of Jakarta, the KIP-JUDP III program as stated in each village's MoA is planning to build five new units and rehabilitate one unit of the existing MCK. None of the new units was built, according to information collected. The rehabilitation work of the existing MCKs was also carried out by other institutions. The MCK program implementation has achieved 76% of the target. The number of MCKs built under this project is 19 units, as against 25 planned. All of the 38 MCK units have 156 entries or an average of four entries for one MCK. Some of the large MCKs have ten entries each or more. Generally, the number of MCK entries is adequate to serve the areas. A few MCKs are not properly constructed nor designed, as some of them have been built without septic tanks. This is particularly due to lack of available land and the urgent need of the community for sanitation facilities. As the result, the drainage system and the nearby rivers are commonly used as the substitutes. Only 2/3 of the existing MCKs are provided with septic tanks, others use the nearby rivers as a sewer. 15 • The MCK tarif Most of the MCKs, particularly in Jakarta, are commercially operated. On average users ar charged 200 rupiahs per use. A few MCKs provide a facility for washing motorbikes for 1,000 rupiahs per motorbike. Forty percent of the 209 respondents using public MCKs spend 1,000 to 5,000 rupiahs average per day/family. In this case, it is obvious that the MCKs are important to urban communities living in crowded areas . Only the Kalibaru village in 6. The inside and ... Botabek commercializes the MCK with a different system, allowing the users to pay monthly contributions of 2,500 rupiahs per/user household. The communities in Bogor and Tangerang areas can use the MCK facilities for free. •~ The Use of MCKs One MCK is used by approximately 20 households, although some are even used by 100 households particularly in the overpopulated villages. The MCKs 7. outside views of MCK built by the community are mostly used by the community to with their own funds. defecate and for this they are very dependent on the MCKs as in the villages of Galur and Kalianyar. On most of the people already have private the other hand, there are a number toilets with septic tanks; of MCKs that have been built but never used due to the following • poor accessibility, MCK is located in reasons : the backyard of a member of the community; • no available clean water supply; • lack of awareness of the importance of clean environment; they prefer to use open land or ponds for their human • poor selection of site, MCK waste. is built in the area where 16 Eight units or 42% of the 19 MCK units built under the KIP JUDP III are not used by the local communities. All of these are in Botabek. Overall, the number of MCKs which are effectively used by the: communities is still higher than the: unused. It has been proved by all the MCKs in Jakarta that if these facilities are really needed, there are no other alternatives but to built the MCK units. With the community's participation, these facilities can be maintained and managed in an orderly fashion. 8. A dry well ... • The Management of MCK The commercial MCKs are usually attended by someone who is hired by the owner, as said by 30% of user respondents. The main duty of the guard is to collect money from thi::: users, sometimes he will be asked to clean the MCK so it is always ready to use. The guard usually receives a regular salary from the owner . The RT /RW (neighborhood 9. Inappropriate use association) apparently has an important role in maintaining the MCKs in their areas. Twenty four pe:rcent of the user respondents confirmed that the MCKs they use are maintained by their RT/RW official. Some of the MCKs are not managed (as confirmed by 15% of the respondents). It is interesting that the LKMD and the village officials almost have no role in managing the MCKs . Twenty five of the thirty eight MCK units are provided with septic tanks. The cleaning of septic tanks is carried out by the manager or the 10. Favored for its convenience ... 17 selected RT/RW officials. The cleaning and maintenance costs of the MCK is collected from the users. There is one MCK in the village of Pisangan Baru which is using its septic tank to produce biogas. The biogas then is used as a fuel source by the assigned manager. It is difficult to figure out the average frequency rate of septic tank cleaning. In practice, the MCK caretaker usually contacts the service agent only when it is really urgent. The cost to have the septic tank drained is approximately Rp.50,000.- with minimal draining volume of 2 m 3 • The MCKs near a river or a pond were usually built without septic tanks. The liquid as well as solid human wastes were channelled directly to nearby river or ponds. These can be found in Sentiong river, the channels which connect Ciliwung river and many fish ponds in Tangerang area . • MCK users' satisfaction Most MCK users (80%) are satisfied with the existing MCK facilities. Those who are not said that the reasons are poor condition (filthy) of the MCK and lack of clean water supply. The level of MCK users' satisfaction is also reflected by their opinion about the MCK utilization fees. Sixty percent of the respondents said that the average daily expenditure for using the MCK is "fair" and "affordable" . For the villages with low sanitation awareness and poor socio-economic condition, "free of charge" is their most common answer when asked why they are using the open space, nearby rivers or ponds as alternative sewers. In overpopulated villages, where there are no other alternatives but the MCKs, 40% of the respondents are willing to pay the fee, but with some objections. Table 4 shows the summary of MCKs development in the survey area which were constructed under the KIP JUDP III, by other institution and community self-help. Collective toilet A collective toilet is usually a number of private household toilets using one septic tank. This system is often found in Kalibaru and Tugu villages and also sometimes in Manggarai Selatan village. This case is often used in rental houses which are owned by one owner. The owner built only one collective septic tank to be used by all of his/her houses. The second case is when a house is sold to a number of buyers and each buyer will build a toilet which is connected to the main septic tank. One septic tank usually is used by two to three households, and ten househblds at the most. In the case of rental houses, the owner is responsible for the maintenance of the septic tank; his tenants will be asked to contribute when it is time to have it vacuumed. 88% of the surveyed septic tanks have never been vacuumed. The collective toilets users are satisfied with the existing facilities. 18 Ditches, rivers, open space, ponds Twenty seven percent of the 799 respondents have no available toilets in their houses, neither do they use the MCK. They usually go to the open spaces, yards, ditches, nearby rivers or ponds to take care of their needs. It was learned that from the four alternatives studied, the nearby river is the most used facility (55%), the house yard (18%), ponds (16%) and drainage ( 11%). The users usually build a very simple stand on th~ese facilities . The communities that use the rivers as toilet facility mostly are from the villages of Sungai Bambu, Pisangan Baru, Jurumudi Baru and K.alibaru. The open space/land are used by communities of Dadap village because of many rice fields 11. .. . inexpensive and easy and home gardens available in the village. In the village of Jurumudi, many of its communities have ponds to raise fish therefore most of them are using these ponds even though there are MCKs available nearby. The drainage is used mostly by people from the villages of Galur, Sungai Bambu, and Jurumudi Baru. A few reasons why the respondents are using these facilities as for toilet are: 4' Building private toilet is too expensive. This is said by the 12 . ..... to the river respondents of the relatively low income villages. Therefore, to build • Habit. Apart from a very low income of the 1the private toilet is not a priority .. communities, the lack of knowledge and awareness of hygiene and environment is the reason why these • The present public toilets people are using any available alternatives. The cannot be used. Most cases show practice of using this is a habit for most that these public toilets are not communities in Tangerang area; they also said that provided with clean water supply or using this facility is more convenient compared to are built in the locations where they the MCKs built by the KIP-JUDP III project in are too difficult to be reached. their area. 20 • Residential status. The people who live in rented houses in the village are usually seasonal labors. The poor condition of their sanitation facilities does not seem to be a priority to them, as saving every cent of their daily income is more important. 13. Should this habit be maintained ? Urban community's priority The development of environmental infrastructure that does not reflect the need of the people can cause a great loss. The MCKs provided in the area where many residents have private toilets with septic tanks are only used as storage. The MCKs built in the area where the residents are not socially ready are usually never used. Both factors are only some of the reasons why these type of investments are not used by the communities. The case of the facilities built by the "outsiders" without thorough consultation with the target communities is the main reason why the villages residents are not using the facilities and therefore they feel that it is not their responsibility to maintain them. The questions on environmental infrastructure development options were asked to all respondents. There were eleven options which included nine primary infrastructure and two non-infrastructure development options. From the eleven options given, each respondent was asked to identify one option as their priority in relation to her/his needs. From all the respondents, 36% answered "small scale credit" as their first priority. Private toilet is the second, followed by "childrens education". The following is the breakdown of ranks of first priority need identified by the respondents. ·Priority Percentage of respondents - Small scale credit 36% - Private toilet 32% - Children education 14% - Collective toilet 6% - Clean water supply 4% -MCK 4% - Drainage system 2% - Community health center 1% - Access roads 0.5% -Primary schools 0.3% -Footpath 0.2% Total 100% 21 ill. LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE KIP-JUDP III IMPLE1\1ENTATION From the field data that have been collected, it is assumed that to carry out environmental infrastructure development in target communities is a big and complicated task. This approach does not only involve physical development but more importantly it involves changing the way of thinking of key participants. Community's perception of KIP Regardless of its successes and failures in the implementation, the KIP-JUDP III does benefit the target communities, but only half of the respondents feel the benefit of the implementation of the program. This is related to insignificant KIP program socialization so that the target communities do not have clear understanding or knowledge about the KIP program. There are two major benefits which are already growing rapidly. Informal in the implementation of the KIP- interviews were conducted with the local JUDP III according to the communities. The result shows that the price of the respondent. The first is that the KIP land has increased significantly compared to the program improves the environment price before the implementation of the KIP and the second, it improves their program. living standards. Both benefits are closely related to the physical implementation of the KIP-JUDP III program such as improvement of roads and footpaths. The environmental infrastructure development such as road improvement is considered a "top-down" program which is very appreciated. Road improvement helps community access, prevents annual flooding, encourages residents to maintain their environment by planting trees, and also to build wider and better quality roads 14. KIP road themselves. Another outstanding result is that KIP The improved access created security for the residents to remain in their obviously increases the price of the villages. By improving their living environment, land as well as encourages the they feel that their areas are confirmed as growth of economic activities residential areas and relatively secure from particularly in the suburbs of Jakarta condemnation. 23 As referred in the KIP-JUDP III target, approaches and outputs, there is a number of lessons that can be learned from the implementation of the KIP-JUDP III program. The key actors' mentality The success of program development, even the simplest and minor one depends on the positive mentality of the involved key actors. It includes the target groups coordinators; the construction supervisors and the construction manual labors. This is not only applies to the environmental infrastructure development program implemented by the community themself but to others carried out by contractors as well. The community self-funded MCKs and roads are the result of the community's self-motivated activities through a very simple process. The collected funds are managed by a number of appointed staff through voting. The construction is carried out immediately after sufficient funds are collected. They usually go to the Dinas PU (city authority for public works) for technical advice . The self-funded MCK is completed within a month and 15. Community self-funded road immediately operational. The budget spent for one MCK is 5.5 million The road is completed within two months, rupiahs exclusive of the land, as it is with the length of 850 m and width of 3.5 m, the already available. budget spent is 27 million rupiahs. The construction work process is monitored and supervised by the community itself. Leadership It is learned from field observations that the coordinator's leadership is an important factor in the program implementation. The community-based development programs can only be successfully implemented if their coordinators are persons with strong leadership qualities. The coordinators can be selected from the community members whom they respect and trust, such as the head of RT/RW, community leaders or a CDC. For example, the construction of the MCK was initiated by a head of the RW, who saw the urgent need of his neighborhood members. He refused the support offered by the village as he wasn't sure if the funds were available and his past experience with the bureaucracy was often disappointing with constant delays. He realized that this wouldn't help the urgent demand of his members. The road construction was then initiated by a community 24 leader who is actively involved in the LKMD (village community welfare institution). To successfully implement the community based programs a coordinator having the ability to lead and motivate is required and not an administrator. This person should commit himself/herself to the needs of the community group that he leads. Program socialization The target community should be clearly informed about their rights and obligations. They also should understand what the outputs of the program are. If not, they would consider the facilities provided by KIP program as a "gift". If the gift is what they need, they will use it, and if it is not, they will ignore it. If the community owns the facilities which they funded, planned and built themselves, they would also take care of the use and maintenance of these facilities. Therefore, the government investments can be used in a more useful and productive fashion . Time needed. The community participation approach is not new in Indonesia, as · "gotong royong" (working together) philosophy is found everywhere in the country, particularly in the rural areas with homogeneous population. On the other hand, where the urban population, particularly in the Jabotabek area, is heterogeneous, this philosophy is not easy to find. Preparing the urban population so that they are able to participate in the development program should be done intensively and it consumes a lot of time. The consideration of using NGOs as government development partners is very appropriate. Community participation To achieve higher community parttctpation and optimum results by the development program, the crucial step to be taken is to give the opportunity to the target community (beneficiary), regular members as well as community leaders to take part and responsibility in the process of program identification, planning, implementation, operation and maintenance, even in the monitoring and evaluation processes . If a village is considered as a group "community", then thirty percent of the community in the surveyed area has been successfully encouraged to participate in the environmental infrastructure development program. This demonstrates that the main factor in achieving success in program implementation are the leadership qualities of the community coordinator. Needs identification. The development of environmental infrastructure program carried out through government projects, by using package, dimensional pattern, design and technology standards in the areas where these programs are supposedly to be implemented by the community, usually leaves the facilities unused. To encourage community participation in the development program, the coordination of community needs on program location. dimension, design and appropriate technologies should be properly included . 25 Planning. The planning preparation is usually done almost without the community's participation. This actually is not a surprise, as the planning capability at the village level is usually considered inadequate as training has never been given to the village staff nor to the target communities. This case shows the importance of the roles of a community development coordinator (CDC) or a motivator. This person is needed to teach new values to the communities as well as to respond quickly to the people's needs. He/She can also act as a mediator or liaison between the community and the government officials . hnplementation. The local communities are not involved in the implementation phase. For example, water from a shallow well which dug near a MCK was salty and could not be used by the target communities. When this question was asked, the answer was given that the contractors will not carry out their job if it is not according to their TORs as assigned by the government. The plumbing of MCKs do not function as well. This is caused by the inappropriate planning; the design usually does not fit the local condition. The local roads usually do not last long. Operation and maintenance. One of the important aspects of community participation is the "sustainability" of the facilities. Communities are willing to manage and maintain the facilities if they feel a sense of ownership. A sense of ownership exists if their participation is encouraged from the start . Monitoring and Evaluation. The target communities are not trained to carry out the monitoring and evaluation activities on the provided environmental infrastructures. One of the motivator's duties is to encourage the target communities to participate in every phase of the development program. A motivator should act as a representative of the community in monitoring the development program as well as help and guide the target community to monitor and evaluate the use of the provided facilities. He/she should at least have technical knowledge so that he can help the community when they need technical advice or he/she knows how to contact somebody with this expertise when needed. Basic needs fulfillment The target community's participation cannot be expected in the implementation of the environmental infrastructure development program if they are still unable to fulfill their basic survival needs. The credit for small-scale enterprise program as one of the development approaches to increase their income should be given priority, over the other physical programs. The ability to repay loans should be considered in determining the size of the program investment. If the community fmancial participation is expected, they should be "helped" to improve their income first so that they can help finance the development program. 26 Impacts on the general attitude towards healthy environment The garbage and waste pollution in the environment caused by poor sanitation conditions can no longer be ignored as it can lead to expansion of common diseases such as diarrhea and respiratory infections. It is difficult to predict whether the KIP program can in fact change the attitudes of the local communities towards the importance of healthy environment . The diversity of health facilities used by communities, including the "fee for services" facilities has made the study of community health a difficult task. The available community health records collected from the existing community health centers are not sufficient to generate standard statistical health figures. In fact many of the surveyed community members do not visit the health centers for medical treatment. The frequency of visits to doctor or health center varies, depending on the community's financial capabilities. The results of health surveys conducted in various areas in Jakarta show the variety of figures. 1 The communities of low-income areas will visit a doctor for health services when they can afford it. 1 Charles Surjadi. "The Urban Health Problems in Indonesia". Urban Health Magazine, Atmajaya Catholic University, Jakarta, May 1994. • 27 IV. THE FOLLOW UP OF THE KIP IMPLE:MENTATION STRATEGY The lesson learned from the experience is that efficient program implementation can be achieved if the environmental infrastructure development program is initiated in the community from the very beginning (bottom-up planning). From previous experience it was also learned that the success of the development program implementation is easier to achieve by applying the community-based development approach, a development prograril which is initiated, targeted and implemented by the community itself. It should be noted that the community-based development approach is different from the community participation approach. In practice, the community participation development approach is similar to the existing mechanism currently being used. Although it is said that conceptually the approach "involves" the community participation, in practice it is not so. The development program process is still carried out from top to bottom, and the provision of facilities is decided by the government (supply driven) . From the sporadic community-based development programs in Indonesia, lessons can be learned which can be developed further into a number of good development concepts. The question is how to carry out the field implementation- the only way to do it is to directly carry it out at the grassroots level. In the current development mechanism, the community-based development activities are treated as projects and not programs. Therefore the government has very little experience in implementing the program which involves the community participation; both the government and the community still have a lot to learn. The field implementation depends heavily on the "willingness" of the actors involved . The development of environmental infrastructure, particularly in the sanitation component of the KIP should be implemented using the community-based development approach. Placing the community as the partner in the development and management of environmental infrastructures will make this program sustainable. The benefits of applying this type of development approach will (1) reduce the government capital cost; (2) facilitate the operation and maintenance; and (3) make cost recovery possible. The Tribina concept is an initial step towards a community-based development approach in the KIP implementation. This concept has been applied for the last five years . Lessons learned from what has been achieved, weaknesses, strengths and successes of the development program implementation concludes that the KIP implementation strategy should . be improved. The proposed strategy for KIP implementation is "the environmental infrastructure development funds should be allocated directly to target communities/beneficiaries without having to go through bureaucratic process". The community should be trained particularly on fmancial management to enable them to prepare the environmental infrastructure development plan, supervise and maintain the facilities as expected. To do this, the following points should be applied: 28 Transparency and accountability As explained previously, the first lesson which should be learned is that accountability and transparency of the key actors are key to success in the development program implementation. If the bottom-up, community-based development approach is used as the tool in the environmental infrastructure development program, the foundation is transparency and accountability. The budget allocation and expenditures should be transparent and accountable. In the supply driven development approach, the information of how the program is planned and implemented cannot be assessed by the target community, and the allocation of the funds is secret information. Community is willing to participate if the process is transparent and they can visualize the benefits and the scheme is affordable. A few approaches to maintain the openness and responsibilities among the key actors in the environmental infrastructure development program implementation are as follows: • Conduct a forum to explain the purpose of the development programs and the budgets involved for the kecamatan as well as village. This forum should be attended by all • parties involved, such as the related government officials, representatives of target communities and the donor agencies. Points to be discussed in the forum include the benefits of the program; tasks and responsibilities of each party; budget components of the project and the value of the community's contributions such as provisions of labor and land. • Conduct weekly forums at the community level to discuss the progress and constraints in program implementation. This forum also serves as an effective mechanism to motivate the community's participation in the monitoring of project expenditures. Funds chanelling To successfully implement a useful and cost effective environmental infrastructure program it is necessary to involve the target community to partly fund the development program. The government should provide only the matching funds. This fund is only provided if the target community is ready to contribute to build the needed facilities. This can be in the form of in-kind contributions such as manpower, land, building materials and etc. and will be assessed according to the market value. The fund allocation procedure should be specially designed so that the community has direct access to the funds. This will reduce the complicated, inflexible and time consuming bureaucracy. Cooperation with a Bank that has village level branches is one of the alternatives. This procedure will allow the community to receive the funds without having to deal with bureaucracy and its weaknesses. Instead, they can directly withdraw the ·tunds after being approved by the authorities. 29 JHired professional motivators The policy on hiring a professional motivator who can work full time within the target community should be continued. To thoroughly implement all the environmental infrastructure development programs, the motivator should be paid a proper salary. His salary should not be included in the funds allocated for the community group. The purpose of this system is to be able to hire a professional motivator and the target community group has the right to replace him/her when this person does not perform well in his/her job. The CDC's performance can be evaluated by involving both the village head and the available community leader, (or one of them) and having them recognized as signatories in the contract awarded to the CDC. It should be mandatory for the CDC to submit a progress report periodically to his/her superior. This system allows the contractor to terminate the CDC if he or she proves to be incompetent or dishonest . Link the implementation to planning The development program implementation should start immediately right after the planning preparation is completed. The experience in the field proves that community- based development program also known as self-motivated program implementation does not consume time if implemented according to plan. The lesson learned from the implementation of other similar development programs is that it is necessary to immediately implement the program after the planning preparation is completed, particularly within the low income community. The community is often disappointed by the "bottom-up planning" through Musbangdes (village level development meeting) as their inputs end up being ignored in the program implementation. Therefore the efforts of the community involved in the bottom-up planning process should be implemented immediately. The flexibility in program identification As stated earlier, it is time consuming to prepare a target community so that they can accept and actively participate in the environmental infrastructure development program. In this phase, flexibility should be given to the community to decide which components in the KIP fit their needs, capabilities and priorities. The community-based development approach should be applicable without exception to the physical implementation of sanitation component as an option in the environmental infrastructure development programs of the KIP. Three alternatives can be developed as a result of location survey observations. They are: • On site sanitation system. In the areas where land is available, private toilets with septic tanks is the most favored option. This system can be developed in the areas with relatively low population and economically are growing rapidly such as Botabek. 30 • Another form of sanitation facility that can be developed is a small scale multi- toilet with collective septic tank. This type of sanitation facility is suitable for overpopulated areas where there is no space available. The en masse septic tanks can be constructed along the passageways in the kampung. The ideal size of the tanks is between 4 to 6m3 and they can be built flexibly throughout the kampung passageways. Each tank can be shared and connected with each toilet of approximately 20 closest households by using PVC pipes. The maintenance and draining costs of each tank are shared by the user group. The tanks of this size are expected to be drained every two years. The assumed draining cost is 75,000 rupiahs and, with the contribution of 1,000 rupiahs, collected from each household, these costs are covered. Based on previous experience, the cost is approximately Rp.20 million for a similar septic tank. Apart from the tank, the cost also covers the purchase of 20 squat toilet bowls, the groundwork and the required connecting pipes . • A combination of centralized and individual sanitation systems, commonly known as small bore sewerage and shallow sewer. This system can be used as an alternative for overpopulated areas where there is no available space as it only needs a small space for its sewer. This system has not been widely used in Indonesia, but from the previous experience it is considerably low-budget. • Central piped sanitation system. All household waste (human and other) channelled through an underground pipe after going through a network drainage to come to the processing installation, this system is known as lnstalasi Pengolah Lumpur Tinja (IPLT) . or human waste processing installation in Indonesia. This system requires a large initial investment. Nevertheless, this system should be considered, taking into account the scarcity and high prices of land in Jakarta. The decision to use one of the sanitation technologies depends on the cultural, social and technical development, and of course the income of the target community group. Nevertheless, the community-based environmental infrastructure development program, which until today remains a bureaucratic process should be promising if it is converted into a consultative and consensus process. Implementation Strategies for KIP Sanitation Component The success of a community-based sanitation development program depends on two basic approaches, Motivation Extension and Human Resources Development Programs. The latter relates to the community's financial capacities which varies in each location. The field observation recorded that the following strategies can be applied in the implementation of the next KIP sanitation program. • Recruitment of a full-time Community Development Coordinator to work within the target community is essential. This person serves as a role model and encourages the community's participation in the development program. It has never been an easy task to encourage their participation by institutionalizing it through official government programs 31 such as LKMD with its dasawisma mechanism. This has often failed. By placing a CDC for a period of time, a program can be assessed whether or not it should be continued. • Extension programs promote the immediate benefits of good sanitation to the communities. It is important to rationalize the need as well as the benefit of good sanitation to the target communities. The extension strategy can be implemented through the community development program such as the KIP JUDP III small scale credit program. It is expected that the willingness and financial capabilities of the community can be stimulated through this program. Once they are aware of the benefits of good sanitation either as an individual or as member of the community. • Women participation (housewives). Women are often under represented in the decision making process. In developing a strategy to promote community participation in the sanitation development program, women, particularly housewives, should be involved in every step of program development and not limited to the extension program currently carried out through the community health centers. Housewives are members of the community who often have to deal directly with the environmental problems, particularly the management of the sanitation system. There are more women in the structure of Indonesian society doing housewife duties at home than working outside. This shows that women and children are the members of the community who spend most of their time at home so that they are very vulnerable to the risks of poor environmental conditions. • Disseminate the success of sanitation program at the bottom level. A system should be developed to distribute the information on the successes of sanitation facility management and development programs among the village communities. A visit made by a community group from one village to the other to see the progress of sanitation program is an effective mechanism of learning and program socialization. • Direct fund allocation to the target community. The mechanism of fund allocation currently used in the IDT program can be adapted. This system allows the related communities to receive the funds without having to go through the rigid bureaucracy. There are in fact no specific regulations that restrict the direct allocation of funds to the target communities. The funds can be allocated directly to the target communities with the approval of the related mayor (or Bupati) as long as they are capable in managing the funds. 32 ANNEX 1 • SUMMARY OF MoA 1n1L.JL~ 1"\ • ~umi'I"'I"V"t ur ..;t'"-"""II"U.. uc:;;.w~vrmc.t .. t vvll'lrVt,s:;.t,l...:l vr n.•r-"uur 111 OF THE TEN VILLAGES ACCORDING TO MoA h&eJdZ I Survey Locations ! Social Development i Year of No.I Villa~ ! Conmonents Volume Implementation I Mana~ment Remarks 1. \North Jakarta : i I i ! I ' 1 Sungai Bambu Techn\cal Assistance (CDC.s) 4 Person 199211993-199511996 KIP PMU of DKI done I PKPM for Village/LKMD Apparatus 25 members 1993/1994 KIP PMU of DKI done PKPM for RT!RW Apparatus 45 members 1993/1994 KIP PMU of DKI done PKPM for TSO & PLHM members 15 members 1993/1994 KIP PMU of DKI done I I PKPM for KAPM members KAPM Monthly Meeting 25 members 75members 1993/1994 1993/1994-1995!1996 KIP KIP PMU PMU of DKI of DKI done never done KKM Training 41 members 1993/1994 KIP PMU of DKI never done KKM Monthly Meeting 123members 1993/1994-1995!1996 KIP PMU of DKI never done Extermination Disease I Ul'GK Enviroomental Health Education 3 packages 3 packages 3 packages 1993/1994-1995!1996 1993/1994-1995!1996 199311994-199511996 KIP KIP KIP PMU PMU PMU of DKI of DKI of DKI done done done I I UKS 0 & M of Physical Facilities j 3 packages 1993/1994-1995/1996 KIP PMU of DKI done I (Road. Ditches and Garden) 15 members 199411995 KIP PMU of DKI I done 0 & M of Physical Facilities (Buildings) 15 members 1994/1995 I I KIP PMU of DKI done 2. Central Jakarta : Galur Social Workers Training 25 members 1992/1993 KIP PMU of DKI done i Environment Health Development Training 25 members I 1992/1993 KIP PMU of DKI done :;. j West Jakarta : I i Kotabambu Utara Social Workers Training 25 members I 199111992 KIP PMU of DKI done I I I Environmental Motivational C.ampaign Health Development Training 50 members 25 members 1991/1992 1991/1992 ! KIP PMU of DKI KIP PMU of DKI done done 4. !West Jakarta : Kalianyar Training for : I I 1995/1996 KIP PMU of DKI I I I I I I I Leadership I institutional Management for the apparatus of LKMD. RW/RT. I Village Youth Association and PKK 30 members done I Development Workers I KSM Kindergarten Management 60 10 members members done I Religious Group Management 60 members done done I I Mosque's Library Management 60 members done Education of : 1995/1996 KIP PMU of DKI I I I Healthy Life 60 members done Healthy House 60 members ! I i done Sanitation Development Pattern at DKI Jakarta 60 60 members members I I I done done I ! I I Informatioo of alternatives and access to housing 60 members done 5. :East Jakarta : Pisangan Baru Technical Assistance (CDCs) 4 Person 1992!1993-1995!1996 KIP PMU of DKI done PKPM for Village/LKMD Apparatus 25 members 199311994 KIP PMU of DKI done PKPM for RT!RW Apparatus 50 members 199311994 KIP PMU of DKI done PKPM for TSO & PLHM members 15 members 1993/1994 KIP PMU of DKI done PKPM for KAPM members 25 members 199311994 ' KIP PMU of DKI done I KAPM Monthly Meeting KKM Training 75 members 50 members 1993/1994-199511996 I 1993/1994 : KIP KIP PMU PMU of DKI of DKI done done I i I KKM Monthly Meeting \150 members 199311994-1995!1996 I KIP PMU of DKI done ! Extermination of Disease 1993/1994-199511996 KIP PMU of DKI done ! UPGK 13packages 3packages 1993/1994-1995/1996 KIP PMU of DKI done Environmental Health Education 3packages 1993/1994-1995/1996 KIP PMU of DKI done UKS 3packages 199311994-1995!1996 KIP PMU of DKI done I I l 0 & M of Physical Facilities (Road. Ditches and Garden) 1 16 members 199411995 I I KIP PMU of DKI done 0 & M of Physical Facilities I (Buildings) Its members 1994/1995 ' KIP PMU of DKI done 6. /South Jakarta : I I I ' I Manggarai Selatan i Forming The Village Working Group based on I the Instruction of DKI's Governor No. 1260190 1 package KIP PMU ofDKI & CDC done ! i Socialization of KIP-JUDP ill Program : I Enviroomental Health 25 members 1992/1993 KIP PMU of DKI & done i I ! connectioo Agencies Housing Healthy 25 members 1992/1993 KIP PMU of DKI & done connectioo Agencies Public Security 25 members i 1992/1993 KIP PMU of DKI & done connectioo Agencies I I Education and Training of : i ' Youth Leadership 15 members 1 !992! 1993 KIP PMU ofDKL Village I done I Survey Loc·ations l Social Development Year of I Nc,J Villane i Components Volume Implementation Management Remarks I I Social Workers Training 50 members 1992/1993 KIP PMU ofDKI & CDC done I \ l Initiation of KSM : KSM of Garbage Management lOmembers 1992/1993-1993/1994 LKMD/K and CDC done KSM of Span Stadium Management '10members 1992/1993-1993/1994 Social Workers done KSM of Healthy Housing 10 members 1992/1993-1993/1994 CDC & Social Workers done j KSM of Purify Water I Public Hydrant User 10members 1992/1993-1993/1994 CDC & Social Workers done I Technical Assistance of The KSM development: ~ KS:::~~i~:::_ 28 members 1992/1993-1993/1994 Project Committee and done CDC 20members 1992/1993 Project Committee done 20members 1992/1993-1993/1994 CDC done KSM of Garbage Management 10members 1992/1993-1993/1994 - Project Committee done 1 KSM of Span Stadium Management 10members 1992/1993-1993/1994 CDC done KSM of Healthy Housing 10members 1992/1993-1993/1994 Project Committee & CDC done Equipment : Typewriters 2 Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU ofDKI & KSU done 7. I IBogar Regency : i Tugu Community Development Training for Village & LKMD Apparatus 24membeiS 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek done I ! I Community Development Training for RT & RW Apparatus 36members 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek done I Community Development Training for User Group (TSO + CRO) 9members 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek done 1 Community Development Training for CDAG KKM Training 30members lOmembers 1993/1994 1993/1994 I KIP PMU of Botabek KIP PMU of Botabek done done 0 & M TSO and CRO Training 9members 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek done ITangerang Muructpa 8. I .. li ty : 1 Jurumudi Baru Education for IPNI 15 members 1994/1995 KIP PMU of Botabek done Village Orientation Workshop I discussion 48members 1994/1995 KIP PMU of Botabek done Basic Training of KSPIKUB 25members 1994/1995 KIP PMU of Botabek done User Group Training lSmembers 1994/1995 KIP PMU of Botabek done 9. Tangerang Regency : Dadap KKM Training 40members 1994/1995 KIP PMU of Botabek done User Group Training 19members 1994/1995 KIP PMU of Botabek done Basic Training of KSP I KUB 24members 1994/1995 KIP PMU of Botabek done Advance Training of KSP 24members 1994/1995 KIP PMU of Botabek done Cooking Course 40members 1994/1995 KIP PMU of Botabek done Mechanics Course 18 members 1994/1995 KIP PMU of Botabek done Electrical Work Course 18 members 1994/1995 KIP PMU of Botabek done Village Orientation Workshop I discussion 52 members 1994/1995 KIP PMU of Botabek done Second Follow up Meeting of KIP 28members 1994/1995 KIP PMU of Botabek done Site Vtsit to KPSW 'Nuri' on Jatinegara 24membeiS 1994/1995 KIP PMU of Botabek done 10. Bekasi Regency : Kalibaru Training for : Board of LKMD 12members 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek done Board of RW and Project Committee 30members 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek done Achievement Motivation for Youth 25 members 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek done Sol'Jl'f:t: : MoA of ~t:b vilbge c: \ 123R23 \ wied i SOS"'-1-l!' Abbreviations : CRO Community Relation Organization IPNI Ikatan Pemuda Nurul lman (Nurul lman Youth Association) KAPM Kelompok Aksi Pengembangan Masyarakat (Community Development Action Group) KKM Kader Kesehatan Masyarakat (Community Health Worker) KSM Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat (Community Self-supporting Group) KSl~ Kelompok Simpan Pinjam (Community Self-fmancing Group) KUB Kelompok Usaha Bersama (Multipurpose Group) KPSW Kelompok Pengembangan Swadaya Wanita (Women Self-supponing Development Group) LKMD Lembaga Ketahanan Masyarakat Desa (Village Development Council) PKPM Pelatihan Kepemimpinan Pengembangan Masyarakat (Community Development Leadership Training) PLHM Panitia Lokakarya I Hubungan Masyarakat (Community Relation Organization) TSO Technical Service Organizer UKS Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah (School's Clinic) UPGK Usaha Peningkatan Gizi Keluarga (Family Nutrition Improvement Group) TABLE B SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COMPONENTS OF KIP-JUDP Ill OF THE TEN SAMPLE VILLAGES ACCORDING TO MoA Paso 1 of 3 :Survey LocatillllS Economic Development Year of No Villa ReS Comuoneuts Volome Imolemeutation Mana2ement Remarb I 1.1 North Jakarta : i Sungai Bambu Technical Assistance (CDCs) 4 Person 1992'1993 - 1995/1996 KIP PMU of DKI done Management Training of : 1993/1994 KIP PMU of DKI Cooperation I sse 20 members Small Scale Business I 50members done done Business Motivation Training 25members 1993/1994 KIP PMU of DKI never done Marketing 3 packages 199311994- 1995/1996 KIP PMU of DKI never done Seed. Capital/ sse of : KIP PMU of DKI Healthy Housing I CertifiCIItes /1MB Sunil 1993/1994 never done 'I Small Scale Business 86members 199311994 - 199411995 never done Skill Improvement Training of : 1994/1995 KIP PMU of DIG Welding 15members done Sewing 20members done Screening aothes 15members done Automotives 15members done Library Management 15members done 2. Central Jakarta : Galur Cooperation Management Training 25members 1992/1993 KIP PMU of DKI done Business Opportunities Training 25members 1992/1993 KIP PMU of DKI done I I Business Motiva lion Training Business Development Training j 25members 25members ! 1992/1993 1992/1993 ! I KIP KIP PMU PMU of of DKI DKI done done 3.1 West Jakarta : I Kota Bambu Utara &:anomies Training 25members 1991/1992 KIP PMU of DKI 25 members per class l Marketing Training 25members 1991/1992 KIP PMU of DKI (3 class) &:anomies Advanced Training 2Smembers 199111992 KIP PMU of DIG 4. West Jakarta : Kaliaoyar Seed Capital for : 1995/1996 KIP PMU of DKI Food Stall 1 member done Small Shop (Langsam) 14 members done Secondhand things Trader 1 member done Small Shop 2 members done Rental of Party's Equipment of Village Youth Association 1 Unit done Retail Trader 33 members done Printing Machine 1 Unit done Technical Training of : 1995/1996 KIP PMU of DKI I Sewing Mechanics 2 members 9 members done done I Driving Car Computer skill 38 members 5 members done done I I Flelctronics 2 members done I I Training of : 1995/1996 KIP PMU of DKI Small Scale Business Management 2S members I Business Mot iva lion 60 members done i done s., East Jakarta : I Pisangan Baru Technical Assistance (CDCs) 4 Person 1992'1993 - 1995/1996 KIP PMU of DKI done Management Training of : 1993/1994 1 KIP PMU of DKI Cooperation I sse Small Scale Business I 28 members 50 members I done Business Motivation Training 50 members I 1993/1994 · 1 KIP PMU of DKI I I done done Marketing I 3 packages j Seed Capital/ sse for , 199311994 - 1995/1996 1 KIP PMU of DKI i done Healthy Housing I Certiftca tes I IMB 'I 20unit 11993/1994 - I99411" ' ! KIP PMU of DKI i done I Small Scale Business i 85 members I done l'a8c2o/l Suney Locations Economic Development Year of No Villages I Componenu Volnme Im_j)lementation Management Remarb Technical Training of : KIP PMU of DKI Elek1:ronics 15 members 1994 !1995 done Welding 15 members 1994/1995 done Sewing 28 members 1993/1994- 1994/1995 done Screening Clothes 15 members 199411995 I done Library Education 15 members 1994/1995 done 6. South Jakarta : Manggarai Selatan Cooperatives Campaign 20 members 1992/1993 Government and CDC done Education and Training of : Cooperatives Management 30 members 1992!1993 Project Committee, CDC done and KSU Business Opportunities 25 members 1992/1993 Government and CDC done Business Motivation Business Development 25 members 1992/1993 I Government and CDC done I ; 25 members 1992/1993 I Government and CDC I done IInitiationKSU ofKIP-JUDP III Groups: of RW's level 1 Unit 1992/1993 - 1993/1994 Government, CDC & KSU I done KSM of Small Scale Indus try 1 Unit 1992/1993 - 1993/1994 Project Committee done ! ; i Seed Capital/ Credit for : I Working Capital for KSU I Unit 3 packages 1992/1993 -1993/1994 Government and KSU done SSC for Small Scale I I Industries I Traders Working Capital for KSM SO members 4 KSMs 1992/1993 - 1993/1994 Government, CDC & KSU 1993/1994 Government. LKMD!K done done 7 Boger Regency : -1 I Tugu Small Scale Business I Cooperation Business Training Automotives 20 members 15 members I 1993/1994 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek done KIP PMU of Botabek done 8.1 Tangerang Municipality: I Jurumudi llaru Cattish llreeder Association 23 members 1994/1995 - 1995/1996 Kll' l'MU ol llotabek not acttve I ! Family Welfare 'Sartika Jaya' Assoeiation 10 members 1994/1995 -1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek not active I IPNI 27 members 1994/1995 - 1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek not active UP2K - Bangdes 14 members 1994/1995 - 1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek active UP2K - Banwal 20 members 1994/1995 - 1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek active UP2KA - BKKBN 10 members 1994/1995 - 1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek not active UP2KA - Telkom 10 members 1994/1995 - 1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek active 9.1 Tangerang Regency : Dadap Tunas Bahari Cooperation 36 members 1993/1994- 1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek active UP2K-Tunas Kencana Bangdes 48 members 1993/1994 - 1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek not active LKM 'Nurul Qomar' 13 members 1994/1995- 1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek active LKM "AI Barkah' 35 members 1994/1995 - 1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek active LKM "Bunga Bahari' 33 members 1994/1995 - 1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek active LKM 'Pulpen & Perea' 10 members 1994/1995- 1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek not active KSP at RW-05 8 members 1994/1995 - 1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek active KSP at RT -01/ 01 16 member.; 1994/1995- 1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek active KSP at RT-25/07 I (Amanah Masakini) 20 members 11994/1995 - 1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek active I KSP at RT -02 I 01 10., I Bekasi Regency : (Bahari Mujur) 13 members 11994/1995 - 1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek active i Kalibaru Nurul Amal Cooperatives Rp 30.000.000.- 1993/1994 - 1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek Funded byKIP-JUDP III I 9 basic need foods (Rp 19.000.000.-) i I Customer Service of State Electricity Enterprise Rp 10.000.000,- 1993/1994 - 1995/1996 500 customers KIP PMU of Botabek IFunded byKIP-JUDPIII (Rp 6.587.000.-) I i I I Bricks & Cone Bloeks Industry : Rp 6.000.000.- 1993/1994 - 1995/19961 KIP PMU of Botabek not funded by I Pressing Machines ! 3 Unit ! KIP- JUD P III 1 I Business Location I 3 Unit i : I ; Working Capital l Rp 1.500.000,- '' i Welding Shop : Genset (2.5 PK) IRp 9.000.000.- 1 Unit 1993/1994- 1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek i not funded by KIP- JUD P Ill Grindstone machines 2 Unit I I Drilling machine 1 Unit Tools I I 1 Unit I Business Loeation I 1 Unit ! i i Working Capital I Rp 2.000.000.- ! I ' : ! No Survey Locatiooa Villages I Economic Development ComponenU Volume Year of Implementation Mimagement I Remarb I Loan & Saving Fund Rp 10.000.000,- 1993/1994 - 1995/19961 KIP PMU of Botabek I Funded byKIP-JUDPlli I I Bicycles Credit Rp 20.000.000.-11993/1994 - 1995/1996 I I KIP PMU of Botabek (Rp 8.500.000,-) not funded by I Garbage Self-management : Rp 42.500.000.- 1993/1994 - 1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek KIP-JUDP Ill· Funded byKIP-JUDPIII Garbage Truck 1 Unit I (Rp 2.000.000,-) Tools 1 Unit Working Capital Rp 2.000.000.- I..KMD's Market Traders Credit for: Rp 29.000.000.- 1993/1994 - 1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek not funded by KIP-JUDP III Market at RW 01 60 members Rp 6.000.000,- not funded by KIP- JUDP III Market at RW 05 140 members Rp 14.000.000.- not funded by KIP-JUDP III Market at RW 06 90 members Rp 9.000.000.- not funded by I ! I KIP-JUDP III Environmental Improvement Credit I Rp 6.000.000.- i 1993/1994- 1995/19961 KIP PMU of Botabek Funded by KIP-JUDP Ill (KPL) I 6 Pokja I e: \ I23R23 \wied\ekoaoal-c- Abbreviatiooa BKKBN Badan Koordinasi Keluarga Berencana Nasional (National Family Planning Coordination Agency) CDC Community Development Coordinator IPNI lkatan Pemuda Nurul Iman (Nurul Iman Youth Association) KPL Kredit Perbaikan Lingkungan (Environmental Improvement Credit) KSM Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat (C'.ommunity Self-supporting Groups) KSP Kelompok Simpan Pinjam (Community Self-fmancing Group) KSU Koperasi Serba Usaha (Multipurpose Cooperative) I..KM Lembaga Keuangan Masyarakat (Community Self-fmancing Institution) sse SmaU Scale Credit Telkom Telecommunication Company UP2K Usaha Peningkatan Pendapatan Keluarga (Family's Income Improvement Institution) UP2KA Usaha Peningkatan Pendapatan Keluarga Akseptor (Family's Acceptor Income Improvement Institution) TABLE C SUMMARY OF SANITATION COMPONENTS OF KIP-JUDP Ill OF THE TEN SAMPLE VILLAGES ACCORDING TO MoA .. - ... ( J Su!:!!;l Loca~!~ ____ Sanitation Yoar of No. ViliDRo RW Components Volume lmolomontation ManBRoment Typo Remarb Status I. North Jakarta : Sw1gai Bambu Garbage Ca ru. Garbage Bb1 (:W, 1 Unit) 1993/1994-1994/1995 KIP PMU of DKI new 03. - - - - 07. - - - - 2. Centrnl Jakarta : Galur Garbage Carts 8 Unit 1991/1992-1993/1994 KIP PMU of DKI new 02' Public Toilet 1 Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of DKI new C:OIUtruclion not built Public Hydrant 1 Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of DKI new 03 Public Toilet 1 Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of DKI Rehsbilitstioo JJol built ().j Public Hydrant 1 Unit 1991/1992 KIP PMU of DKI new 05 Ditches 7Sm 1993/1994 KIP PMU of DKI Rehabilitatia1 Includes the work at RW 06 ()6 Ditches 15m 1993/1994 KIP PMU of DKI Rehabilitation Includes the work at RW 05 07 Ditches 574m 1992/1993 KIP PMU of DKI Reha bilitatia1 3. West Jakarta : Kotabnmbu Utara 01' Garbage Cart. Garbage Bu .. (1. 4 Unit) 1991/1992 KIP PMU of DKI new 02' Garbage Cart. Garbage Bins (1. 4 Unit) 1991/1992 KIP PMU of DKI new 03. Garbage Cart. Garbage Bins (1. 4 Unit) 1991/1992 KIP PMU of DKI new 04' Public Toilet 1 Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of DKI new comtruction not buill Garbage Cart. Garbage Bbl5 (1. 4 Unit) 1991/1992 KIP PMlf of DKI new 05 Garbnge Cart. Garbage Bills (1. 3 Unit) 1991/1992 KIP PMU of DKI new 06 Garbage Cart 1 Unit 1991/1992 KIP PMU of DKI new 07 Garbage Cart 1 Unit 1991/1992 KIP PMU of DKI new 08 Public Toilet 1 Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of DKI new construction not built 09 Garbage Bins 6 Unit 1991/1992 KIP PMU of DKI new 4. Wost Jakarta : Kaliauynr 01-09 Garbage Carts. Garbage Cart> 18, 18 Unit 1995/1996 KIP PMU of DKI Transportb1g dredged mud to TPA 500 trips 1995/1996 KIP PMU of DKI 02 Road side ditches 1750m 1995/1996 KIP PMU of DKI Rehabilitation OJ • Public Toileu 2 Unit 1987.!1: 1996 CommWJity •ollholp .dl: Not related to KIP-JUDP Ill Priwte Bnlorpreneur Public Toilet 1 Unit Community •ollholp new con.truction Ha• no rolation with KIP-JUDP Ill Road side ditches 530m 1995/1996 KIP PMU of DKI Reba bilitation Dredgbtg of the Connoctb'S Ditches :WOm 1995/1996 KIP PMU of DKI 05 Public Toilet 1 Unit Priwte Bntetpreneur new lias no relation with KIP-JUDP Ill Human Waste Disposal Treatment Plant (Pilot Project) 1 Unit 1995/1996 KIP PMU of DKI Ditcht~s 1770m. 60m 1995/1996 KIP PMU of DKI Rehabilitation. new construction 08. Public T;,il.,t• 3 Unit 198961; 1991 CommwJily sol/help lias no relation with KIP-JUDP Ill Ditches. Sew-erage (60. 20m) 1995/1996 KIP PMU of DKI new construction Connecting Ditches 350m 1995/1996 KIP PMU of DKI Dredgbtg of the Sewerage !680m 1995/1996 KIP PMlf of DKI lust...-.llation of water supply pipe 75mm 300m 1995/1996 KIP PMU of DKI new construction 5. East Jakarta : Pis;msan Baru Connecting Ditches 1960m 199111992 KIP PMU of DKI Reha bilitatia1 Includes the work of the 1991/1992 fl!Cal year Public Toilet 1 Unit 1994/1995 KIP PMU of DKI new comtruclion neW>r buill Garlxtge Carts. GarbAge Bins (65. 180 Unit) 1991/1992-1992/1993 KIP PMU of DKI new Garbage Container I Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of DKI new 07. Public Toilet 1 Unit 199411995 - - 1710 •optic -tank ;. sonoratt:td llad boon built to produco biogas •inco 20 y011n •so 12. ~~~-~---~-~------------ -- "'~L- - " . . Z . of . .J Sanitation Year of 1-·-- Survey~!~~ - - · - - Compone~~nt1 Volume Implementation Mana&oment T11J>O ReiD8rb Statua No. .. --·Village ·- .. RW -· --·-·-··--·---- 6. South Jnkarto : Mauggarai Selatan 01- 10 Garbage Carts 75 Unit 199211993 Gownune11t new 02. - - - - - - - 05 Ditches (300. 395m) 199211993 Govennnettl new constructiat Rehabilitati011 I TPS (Temporary Dump Site) 12m2 199211993 Community selOtelp new ca~utruction 06. Public Toilet 48m2 1992/1993 Community •ollhelp Reh•bilit.ation lla• been buill by PLP, Dop. of Public Wor.b Put a fence along the river 500ru 1992/1993 Govenunent new constructia1 07 Dredging of tho CoiUtocting Ditch 500rn 199211993 Govenunet't Rehabilitation Ditch lid .6m 1992/1993 Govenunent new construction 09 Road side sewomge lOOm 1992/1993 Govenuuent Rehabilitation 7. Uogor RegealCy : Tugu 01 Road side ditches 94Sm 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new construction includes the work at RW 02 Road side sewerage 191U 1993 I 1994 KIP PMU of Bolabek new c.:onstructiou iu.cludes the "\Nark at RW 02 Control Points 4 Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new 02 Ditches along vehicular road & footpath 1178 JU 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new construction includes the work at RW 01 Connecting ditches 127rn 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new construction includes the work at R W 01 Road side sewerage 19m 1993 I 1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new construction btcludos the work at RW 01 Control points 3 Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new 03 Public toilet (2 Cloool•) 1 Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabelc new buill Deep well and Hand-pump 1 Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new Ditches along the footpath 360m 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new construction nt RT 02. 09 and 10 Cotmecting Ditches 42m 1993/!994 KIP PMU of Botabek new construction Sewerage along the footpaUt 1.5 Ill 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Bolabek new cortstruction Control points 3 Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new at RT 09 and 10 04 Road side ditches 470111 199311994 KIP PMU of Botabek new con.structia1 Connecting ditches 20rn 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new coustructia.1 Control points 3 Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new OS Ditches along Ute footpath 502m 199311994 KIP PMU of Botabek new constructia1 at RT 05 and 06 Connecting ditches 59m 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new constructia• Sewerage along the footpath Sm 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new constructiou Control points 5 Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new at RT 05 and 06 06. Public toilol• (2 Cloool•) 2 Unil 1993/1994 KIP PMU o£ Botabol now comtruction at RT 03 and 05 buill Well and Hand-pump 1 Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new constructia1 Well and Eloctric-punrp 1 Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new construction Ditches along vehicular road & footpath l626m 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new constructia1 Connecth1g ditches 235m 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new coustructial at RT 01 and 03 Sewerage 138m 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botobek new construcUa.1 Control points 16 Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new at RT 01. 02. 03 and OS Garbage carts. Garbage bb1 (4. I Unit) 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new 07 Ditches along vehicular road & footpath 1484m 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new construction Connecting ditches 92m 1993!1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new cou.structial at RT 02 and 09 Ditches along the footpath 40.Sm 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new conslructia• at RT 09 and 10 Control points 12 Unit 199311994 KIP PMU of Botabek new at RT 02. 03. 09 and 10 08 Ditches along the footpath 179m 199311994 KIP PMU of Botabek new construction at RT 04 and 05 09. Public loilel (2 Cla&el•) 1 Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabol now con&truction buill Public toilet (4 Clooet•) l Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabolr new constructicxJ built Ditches along tho footpath 1427m 199311994 KIP PMU of Botabek new construction at RT 01. 02 and OS Control poinb 21 Unit 199311994 KIP PMU of Botabek new at RT 01. 02. 05 and 06 Garbage carts. Garbage bbt (4, I Unit) 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new 10 Ditches along the footpath 106m 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new construction at RT 08 ~- ---- -~-~ - P••• .J tJ/ J Survev Locatiau Sanit.tion Year of No. Villa11e RW Comoononta Volume lmD.lementation Manaaement Twe Remarks Statu• 8. Tangerang Municipality : Jurumudi Bnru Garbage cam. Garbage bins (5, 2 Unit) 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new 01-02 Ditches along vehicular rood & footpath 1060m 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new constructia• Ditches along the footpath 1600m 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new construction 01 Public toilet 1 Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of BotaboJ: new const.ruct.ioa built Public laps 2 Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new construction Deep well/ pump 1 Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new construction 02. Public toilol• 1 Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of BotaboJ: new coa.tructiOIJ built Deep well/ pump 1 Unit 1993/1994-1994{1995 KIP PMU of Botabek new constructia• 03 Public toilol 1 Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of BotaboJ: new comtructioa built Deep well/ pump 1 Unit 1993/1994 KIP PMU of Botabek new con.structia1 04. Public toilet 1 Unit 1993/1994- 1994119 KIP PMU of BotaboJ: new comtruction built 9. Tangerang Regency : Dadap 01 Deep well 1 Unit 1994!1995 KIP PMU of Botabek new construction Annual M<'<>ting"s Material of KIP-JUDP III 1995 04 Deep well 1 Unit 1994/1995 KIP PMU of Botabek new constructicu Annual Meetint~"• Material of KIP-JUDP III 1995 05. Public toilell 2 Unit 1994/1995 KIP PMU of BotaboJ: new comtruction built Public lap 1 Unit 1994/1995 KIP PMU of Botabek new constructial Annual Meeting's Material of KIP-JUDP JlJ 1995 Ditches along tho footpath 2994m 1994/1995 KIP PMU of Botabek new construction Annual Meetinp;"s Material of KIP-JUDP Ill 1995 07. Public toilotl 2 Unit 1994/1995 KIP 'PMU of BotaboJ: new construction built . Public lap 1 Unit 199411995 KIP PMU of Botabek new construction Annual Meeting's Material of KIP-JUDP Ill 1995 Local roods and ditcheo (907 x 3) m2 1994!1995 KIP PMU of Botabek new construction Annual Meeting's Material of KIP-JUDP Ill 1995 10. Bekasi Regency : Kolibaru Garbage cam. Garbage bins (14, 14 Unit) 1993/1994-1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek new OJ• Public toilet 1 Unit 1993/1994-1995/199 KIP PMU of BotaboJ: now construction buill Public toilet 1 Unit 1993/1994-1995/199 KIP PMU of BotaboJ: rehabilitation done Ditches along tho footpath 575 JU 1993/1994-1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek new coalllruction 02. Public toilet• 2 Unit 1993/1994-1995/199 KIP PMU of BotaboJ: new comtrucliOil built Ditches 736m 1993/1994-1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek new c:onstruction 03 Public toilet. 1 Unit 199311994-1995/199 KIP PMU of BotaboJ: new cOIJitructiot.l buill Ditches 564m 1993/1994-1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek new construction 04 Ditches 833,8 In 1993/1994-1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek new coustructiou 05 Public toilet 1 Unit 1993/1994-1995!199 KIP PMU of BotaboJ: new coutruction buill Ditches 285m 199311994-199511996 KIP PMU of Botabek new construction 06 Ditches 1127.7111 1993/1994-1995/1996 KIP PMU of Botabek new construction .,_-ll1JJt':.•,u..IMUf••k·• Sourco : MoA of tJach villaso Notoa Survey II.)Cations l.PS/ Lokasifl'empat Pemhuanp.an Sementnrn (Temporary Dump Site) TPS TPA Tompat PomUuangau Akhir (Final Dump Site) ANNEX 2 • VILLAGE PROFILE Profile of Sungai Bambu Village Description: Structurally this village is umier the • Village name: Sungai Bambu administration of Tanjung Priok sub-district, North Jakarta, it is situated close to the Tanjung Priok • Village area: 236 ha Harbor ami the office of the Mayor of North Jakarta. 'The Sungai Buntu which also serves as one of the • Village inhabitants: 30~972 City of Jakarta flood drainage system crosses along No. ofRWs: 10 this village. • Inhabitants of KIP area: 14,045 Environmental Condition: RWs included in KIP area: RW 03, 05, 06 and07 The maintenance of the sanitation system in this village is still very poor. Before the North • Sttl'Jiey locati!Jns: RW03 and 07 Jakarta mayor's instruction on improved sanitation is Ar~a ofsurveY loca.titms: 8 Ha in force, the local community built their toilets, Survey locations a.rea in percent popularly known as "helicopters", along the river of village area: 3% banks. Today the number of these "helicopters" has declined, but due to scarcity of land and space to • Survey location inhabitants: 5,348 build the' required septic tanks, most of the people Survey location inhabitants in percent are still using the river as a sewer to dispose their of village inhabitants: 17% human waste. Almost all areas in this village are inundated during heavy rainy season. The flood is caused by poor drainage of the Sungai Buntu, high tide, ami the flood transfer from the neighboring village, Warakas, not to mention the unsolved problem of poor garbage management. The effort for garbage management has been initiated by collecting Rp.I,OOO to Rp.J,500jrom each household to pay the services of the garbage collectors using traditional garbage carts. The garbage cart is 'also provided in every RW (Local Community Organization), the cart is also used as a temporary garbage dump. Unfortunately, The garbage truck from the Dinas Kebersihan (City Sanitation Services) does not visit the area everyday to collect the garbage ami this has caused the increasing volume of garbage ami the spill over. The Sungai Bambu village is situated on the Java coastline, its groumi water is salty and not consumable. To meet the need of clean water supply most of the people are using PDAM's (City Clean Water Supply Services) services or they buy it from the clean water vemiors. The City Water Service network has covered the whole area of this village, but it is still unsatisfactory as its quality is poor during dry season. sometimes it just doesn't run. Details of KIP-JUDP III Implementation: There has never been any implementation ofprogram on sanitation facilities in this area. The program implementation is mainly focused on building roads (1, 7 Km), footpath (2 Km), and provision of garbage carts (20) which in fact, these carts have never been distributed to the RWs. The skills training was provided but the result is still ineffective as· no follow-up activities have been carried out such as post-training program and/or the provision of marketing facilities. Main Findings: There is an urgent need for family toilets and septic tanks in this village but there are two problems in providing these facilities. First is the unavailability of lami or space, and second, is the topographical condition of the area as the village is situated only a few meters above the sea level. The KIP-JUDP Ill program implementation in this village is concemrated on flood prevention as some RWs (including RW 10) still encounter flood problem every year. - l - Evaluation of the Sanitation Component of KIP JUDP III Location of Surveyed Area : SUNGAI BAMBU VILLAGE, NORTH JAKARTA - , Kelurahan Boundary ~ River/CanalfLake/Sea r--1 Offices, lndust~ Warehouse NORTH '===-=-:: • BalaS Kelurahan - , Area of Survey ~ Sungai/KanaliOanau/Laut L _ _ j Pefkanforan, lrlustn, Pergudangan A _J Watayah Surva1 SCALE/SKALA , :15.000 Ill Ill Main Road 0 300m Profile of Galur Village Description: This village is umler the administration of • Village name: Galur .Johar Baru sub district, Central Jakarta. its location is in the Senen triangle area. This village is also one. • Village area: 26 ha of the recipients of IDT (lnpres Desa Tertinggal) program in Central Jakarta. Galur village is • Village inhabitants: 18,387 notorious for its high crime rate and gangs disputes. No. ojRWs: 7 • Inhabitants of KIP area: 18,387 Environmental Condition: RWs included in KIP area: RW OJ, 02, 03, 04, OS, 06 and 07 The sanitation condition is very poor. Most houses do not have septic tanks, the waste is • Survey locations: RW 01 and 02 disposed into the ditches in the area. Most of the Area of survey locations: 12 ha available MCKs do not have septic tanks and dispose Survey loc(ltions area in percent their waste to Sentiong River. Some of the local of village area: 46% residents even do it right on the river. • Survey location inhabitants: 5,276 Garbage management is a serious problem Survey location inhabitants in percent in this village and the City Sanitation Service is of village inhabitants: 29% incapable to handle it. To meet the need of clean water, the residents usually collect the water provided by city water service or buy it from the available water vendors. The overcrowding households and the large number of seasonal visitors who live in semi-permanent houses have made this area even worse. The seasonal visitors come here to stay periodically and work as street vendors, traditional market helpers or work at construction site as manual labors. Although the population density in this area is high, floods never occur because all the drainage systems are functioning well. Details of KJP-JUDP Ill Implementation: The priority of the program implementation is given to the infrastructure rehabilitation such as maintenance of roads and drainage systems. It is stated in the MoA that an MCK would be constructed for RW 02, but until today this has not been implemented. There are three MCKs available and used by the community which were provided by Bapindo, Telkom and LKMD and not by the KIP-JUDP Ill. One of these three is currently out (~f order, the sewer spills over the unit causing an unpleasant smell over the neighborhood. There are two other MCKs in RW 02 provided by individuals and all of them are without septic tanks. Though skills training has been given to the community, the results are yet insignificant. Main findings: The need for toilets and septic tanks is also great in this village, but the scarcity of land is again the problem. The implementation of the KIP-JUDP program was generally focused on the construction of roads and drainage systems to prevent some areas from flood. No training has been provided for the community. It has been the intention of the KIP JUDP III program to establish KSP (save-loan cooperatives) to provide small- scale credits for the community. It is expected that this program will directly benefit the community of Galur village. -2- Evaluation of the Sanitation Component of KIP JUDP III Location of Surveyed Area : GALUR VILLAGE, CENTRAL JAKARTA . ·.· ;;! t.P TENCi\1-1 . er ci:q'~NG,il.l:f ~ . c:Pi:t~iG,o 10 ViJlal!e I N 1 meter I meters meters meters ! i I I 1 i 7 I 1 ! 3 I 0 ! I 3 2 15 ' 0 1 i 6 ' 14 3 ' I 15 i 0 ! 1 2 i 12 I i 4 41 0 10 : 9 i 22 5 15 0 8 6 i 1 6 35 0 18 11 6 7 35 0 2 22 11 8 11 0 5 5 0 9 10 8 8 0 0 i I 2 1 I 5 4 1 1 ' Table IIA-3 Discarded Waste Water from the Private Toilets Vi/lage I N to the to the private septic shared septic I topit the I to the drainage to the House- I to the river to the fishponds I tanks tanks latrine I channel yards I i 1 I 20 15 1 0 i 0 0 4 I 0 2 41 15 0 0 25 0 1 0 3 54 16 1 0 37 0 0 0 4 41 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 34 13 0 3 16 0 2 0 6 49 34 1 0 0 1 13 0 I 7 36 33 1 I 0 0 I I 0 8 14 11 0 I 0 0 0 2 1 9 10 I 10 11 9 6 I I 0 0 I i 0 0 0 0 I 1 0 I ! 0 5 I ! 0 0 B. Maintenance of Private Toilets Table IIB-1 Organization/institution Contacted for Emptying of Septic Tanks i \ LKMD! i User ' I ! i ; 1 Group ofi Private i Cle.anliness1 i Selfhelp Village i N RT/RW ! Village PU : officials : Sanitatiom company 1 office office ' i 1 14 0 0 i 0 0 ! 6 1 ' 7 2 14 0 i 0 l 0 ' 0 6 5 3 ; i ! 3 15 0 0 0 I I 1 2 12 0 4 40 0 ! 0 I 0 I 0 18 22 0 5 12 0 'i 0 l 0 I ; 0 10 2 0 6 35 0 0 0 1 0 ' 15 1 7 31 0 0 0 8 16 0 7 8 11 0 0 0 0 ' 1 3 6 9 9 0 0 0 0 ! 0 3 6 10 5 0 ! 0 0 1 2 0 2 Table IIB-2 Emptying of Septic Tank (executing agency and fee) j Average of I I Private I Qeanlinessi Public Work Villa!!e fee(Rp.)_ N Com_pany I Office I Office 1 60.000 7 0 6 1 2 37.857 6 0 2 4 3 40.625 11 1 2 8 4 49.375 23 0 4 19 5 46.250 9 0 7 2 6 57.333 11 0 0 11 7 50.000 1 1 0 0 8 9 55.000 - I 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 1 10 100.000 I 1 1 0 I 0 C. Interest of the Septik Tank Provision Ta.ble IIC-1 Respondent's Interest to Make Septic Tank Not interested and its reason Village N Interested ! N I too lack of never know no problem I I e;wensive land ofseptic tank encountered i 1 2 7 26 I 3 2 4 24 I 1 0 I 1 20 0 1 0 3 I I 3 4 38 0 I 22 0 16 0 2 0 9 0 0 0 ' 6 0 5 23 13 10 4 I i 2 0 2 6 14 6 8 1 7 0 0 7 1 0 1 I 0 0 0 1 8 4 3 1 0 0 0 0 9 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 5 1 4 4 0 0 0 Table IIC-2 Respondent's Interest for Credit (if any) to Make Septic Tank I Not I i Average affordability Village I N Interested . Interested I for monthly I i I installment(Rp.l 1 7 3 4 - 2 26 23 3 10.000 3 32 10 22 6.075 4 1 1 0 - 5 19 7 I l 12 31.800 6 12 5 ' ! 7 9.285 ' 7 3 2 1 2.000 8 9 4 2 1 2 I 3 0 10.000 - 10 2 I 2 I 0 I - Ill. PUIBLIG !:SA I HINl:i, WA:::iHINl:i ANU I UILt:: I\::> \Mvl\.} A. Condition of MCK Table IIIA-1 Characteristic of Existing MCK Villago ! Awlllll" No. of Households "' tb< user of MCK \AWJ31:1#No. ! of toikiJ iJJ I 11 ~mrrofMC~ N HUDJBD Wano Disposal of MCK I !to s•pric i to rbe rank I riwr ; Availabilitt· of exhaust pipe to tbe 1 :fishpond i N ! ! Nor IA•ailable I Available i 1 z I ! - 11.3 ! : 7 s i I 14 24 I I I 14 6 i 0 18 I I 0 0 14 , \ 13 7 ! 1 0 3 ! 47.& 44.8 I 15 10 l I I 24 41 I 24 3& 0 2 I 0 0 24 36 ! 24 36 i 0 0 4 s 28.3 7 25 19 s 0 1& 13 5 6 7 - 10 6 22 14 8 6 0 14 2 0 0 0 7 0 7 0 0 8 7.1 2 19 5 9 s s 3 2 9 10 2 20 20 0 0 19 14 5 10 3.9 ! 2 ! & I 8 0 0 8 6 I 2 B. Comments to the MCK Table 1116-1 User Fee Table 1116-2 User Satisfaction of MCK I Vililp< I Avemp< •ZJ"'nse< lex usi"'l MCK Rn I dav I bouseboldl N Comment of RespOndeDIJ too eroetJsive Sufficient CbCn I 14 14 0 0 0 0 0 I 14 14 0 0 2 23 2 2 0 15 0 0 2 30 30 I 0 0 3 4 5 24 36 23 18 10 0 0 0 0 0 2 I 0 0 3 6 24 15 0 0 4 3 4 $ 25 39 12 25 2& 5 I 0 8 6 0 3 I 6 17 I 0 0 I IS 0 6 16 16 0 0 7 5 l I I 0 0 0 3 7 6 2 3 I I 8 12 0 0 0 6 0 6 8 9 0 9 0 9 17 0 0 0 0 0 17 9 0 0 0 0 10 I 6 3 0 0 0 2 I 10 6 2 4 0 D. Interest of Making Private Toilet Table IIID-1 MCK User's Interest to Make Private Toilet Affordabiliry Reason fex nor int«ested Vi/lago N I lnr.resred to pa,v RnimODtbl N eJCisriJJg lac. is •110ueb DO funds lad of land 2 I 13 30 I 6 21 1.900 4.600 7 9 I 0 0 0 0 6 8 J 4 24 41 ! I 4 27 I 6.166 5.840 ! ! 20 14 \ '' IS I i I I I 3 l 5 9 ~ . 6 25 p I 10 9 ! I 5.666 6.777 I 15 8 3 0 ' 0 0 . 8 8 8 18 0 6 I 833 - 8 12 I 4 0 I ; 6 J 9 20 ~ 800 15 8 4 0 10 9 4 4500 5 3 I I I IV. HUMAN WASTE DISPPOSAL IN THE OPEN SPACE A. Open Space as the Facility Used fa' Human Waste Disposal Table IVA-1 Human Waste Dispoa1 Locatioas Table IVA-2 The Used ami Reuou o[ SeiCCled Location Em pry ~ Drainage j At the side ! i No pzivare\ ~\tore Fr~ U.saee ---"F'"'---·-- Vdlaee i .'1 i land ' c:haJJJJel · of railwav Rit.oer Fishpond ' 10iler : c..unfcxr- 1 of i lin- \ available ' able ' c:hars.:e .'1 Slwed i shanxi I -17 0 ; -1 I 41 I 2 i 10 0 10 I 0 0 0 I -13 18 5 20 I I 3 I 0 0 0 : 0 0 0 2 8 6 0 2 10 7 J -1 f 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 20 0 0 0 20 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 6 i 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 20 18 0 2 20 17 J ! 7 ' 3 0 i 0 0 0 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 -17 I 0 i 8 ! 0 11 28 7 3 3 0 0 1 I 0 9 50 37 0 0 9 3 8 35 33 0 47 45 !0 39 ! I ; 0 l 0 38 0 9 49 45 -1 0 50 -16 4 10 39 39 0 0 39 39 IJ B. Prefer•!nce to the Use of MCK Table IYB·-1 Rea&aR Car not Uug MCK !Av.~ilable i No • Reasons far not Using MCK Vi/lap: ! .v i MCK ! Too man.v I Poor ; Too More : J MCK I ! ! near bv I available I N users : c."'tldirion I Dirtv far f:anformble I 34 5 I 29 i 16 7 9 0 0 ! 0 : 10 10 0 9 0 0 0 7 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ' 4 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 20 0 :w - 0 0 0 : 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 3 3 i 0 3 0 0 0 3 ' i I I ' ! ' I 0 8 9 10 I 47 50 39 10 47 3 ! 37 3 36 I 10 47 3 4 22 0 i l 0 0 2 I I 0 12 0 I 5 13 0 I 0 I C. lnteres:t of the Provision of Sanitation Facility Table IVC·-1 Reapoa.dt:nt'& lnweat to the Type of Sanitatioa Facility Table IVC-2 lntereat of the Open Space Use:n to Mate Priwte Toilet i Private toiltt Interest to Make SaJJitation Facilitv : Average nffotdability Interest to cake Joan Vilblp: l N ! i ; completed "itb a ser>ri~ mnk I I Shared toilet I MCK Nat I interested Vi/lap: : for rhe c."'mtrut..•tioo of i a rniva te toilet 1Ro. .v i Not i Interested I interested I I AvemJ!e uOi:ttLiuhilin to fJI.Y in.~wllmr..·IJI oer mom!J Up.J ' I l : 37 10 23 7 4 I ! 0 0 10 ' 193.937 !7 20 5.HXl ~ 0 0 ! 0 I 0 0 7 3 4 3.666 I 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 19 0 6 0 I I 2 0 I 3 0 8 0 4 5 0 6 0 2 0 4 2-(XX) 7 3 3 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 8 47 18 I 7 12 10 7 0 0 0 2.00:) 9 50 19 I 10 1 3 18 8 100.000 19 16 3 <),()(>!\ 10 39 32 i . 0 5 9 1.000 19 13 6 l-171• 10 5.413 32 29 3 ~.413 Table IVC--3 Intercat of the Open Space Uoc:.-s for MCK Provision A""rap: No. of A""rnge No. of lAverage alfordabi/ity t