E1067 V9 . REPUBLIC OF YEMEN Ministry of Public Works and Highways (MPWH) Rural Access Program (RAP) Central Management Office (CMO) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment(ESIA) Report FOR Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project Second stage (7.3km) District: Shra'abAslam Governorate: Taiz Prepared by: E&SU- RAPCMO December 2013 Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report   Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ 1  1.  INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 9  1.1  Location .......................................................................................................................... 9  1.2  Length ............................................................................................................................  10  1.3  Context & Environmental Category ................................................................................  10  1.1.1  Context .............................................................................................................................  10  1.1.2  Category ...........................................................................................................................  10  1.4  Environmental and Social Review Process Consultation Program ...................................  10  1.1.3  Environmental and Social Review Process .......................................................................  10  1.1.4  Consultation Program ......................................................................................................  10  1.1.5  Men Consultation .............................................................................................................  11  1.1.6  Women Consultation .......................................................................................................  12  2.  YEMEN ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNING LEGISLATION AND THE WORLD BANK  SAFEGUARDS POLICIES ..................................................................................................... 13  2.1  YEMEN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION ...................................................  1 3  2.2  Government Framework ................................................................................................  14  2.2.1  Yemen’s Environmental Governing Legislations .............................................................. 14  2.2.2  EPA Function and Mandate ..............................................................................................  14  2.3  WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS AND POLICIES ........................................  15  3.  PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND DESCRIPTION ................................................................... 17  3.1  Project objective ............................................................................................................  17  3.2  Project description .........................................................................................................  1 7  3.2.1  Existing Alignment ............................................................................................................  17  3.2.2  Proposed Work .................................................................................................................  21  4.  BASELINE CONDITIONS .............................................................................................. 29  4.1  Land Resources ..............................................................................................................  29  4.1.1  Physical Region .................................................................................................................  29  4.1.2  Geology  .............................................................................................................................  29  4.1.3  Land Use ...........................................................................................................................  29  4.2  Hydrology & Water Resources ........................................................................................  2 9  4.2.1  Climate.............................................................................................................................. 29  4.2.2  Hydrology .........................................................................................................................  31  4.2.3  Rainfall ..............................................................................................................................  33  4.2.4  Run off Zones and Absorption Zones ...............................................................................  33  4.2.5  Water Harvesting Systems. ..............................................................................................  34  4.3  Air quality & Noise Nuisance ..........................................................................................  36   4.4  Biological Resources .......................................................................................................  36  4.4.1  Flora .................................................................................................................................. 36  4.4.2  Fauna ................................................................................................................................ 37  4.4.3  Protected Areas or Critical Natural Habitats ....................................................................  37  4.5  Cultural &historical sites ................................................................................................  38  4.6  Socio‐economic ..............................................................................................................  38  RAP i CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report 4.6.1  Population ........................................................................................................................  38  4.6.2  Economic Activities & Poverty status ...............................................................................  39  4.6.3  Services and facilities in the project area .........................................................................  40  5.  Potential Environmental & Social Impacts ................................................................. 53  5.1  Introduction ...................................................................................................................  53  5.2  Checklist of Potential Impacts Identified ........................................................................  53   5.3  Negative Environmental &Social Impacts during Construction Phase  .............................  5 7  5.3.1  Land Resources .................................................................................................................  57  5.3.2  Hydrology and Water Resources ......................................................................................  57  5.3.3  Air Quality and Noise Nuisance ........................................................................................  58  5.3.4  Biological Resources .........................................................................................................  58  5.3.5  Socio‐Economic and Cultural ............................................................................................  59  5.3.6  Gender considerations .....................................................................................................  62  5.4  Environmental Impacts during Maintenance Phase ........................................................  6 3  5.4.1  Land Resources .................................................................................................................  63  5.4.2  Hydrology and Water Resources ......................................................................................  63  5.4.3  Air Quality and Noise ........................................................................................................  64  5.4.4  Biological Resources .........................................................................................................  64  5.4.5  Socio‐Economic and Cultural ............................................................................................  64  6.  ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) ........................................ 66  6.1  General ..........................................................................................................................  6 6  6.2  Mitigation Measures (MM) ............................................................................................  6 6  6.3  Mitigation Measures for Impacts during Construction Phase ..........................................  71  6.3.1  MM for Impacts on Land Resources  .................................................................................  71  6.3.2  MM for Impacts on Hydrology and Water Resource ....................................................... 71  6.3.3  MM for Impacts on Air Quality and Noise  ........................................................................  72  6.3.4  MM for Impacts on Biological Resources .........................................................................  73  6.3.5  MM for Impacts on Socio‐Economic and Cultural Resources .......................................... 73  6.4  Mitigations Measures during Maintenance Phase ..........................................................  74  6.4.1  MM for Impacts on Land Resources  .................................................................................  74  6.4.2  MM for Impacts on Hydrology and Water Resources ...................................................... 74  6.4.3  MM for Impacts on Air Quality and Noise  ........................................................................  74  6.4.4  MM for Impacts on Biological Resources .........................................................................  75  6.4.5  MM for Impacts on Socio‐Economic ................................................................................  75  6.5  MM for Impacts of Social Issues .....................................................................................  7 5  6.6  Monitoring Plan (MP) for Environmental & Social Impacts .............................................  7 5  6.6.1  Monitoring Program for Environmental Impacts ............................................................. 75  6.6.2  Monitoring Program for Socio‐Economic Impacts ........................................................... 83  6.7  Institutional Arrangements ............................................................................................  83  6.7.1  Management Responsibility .............................................................................................  83  6.7.2  Institutional Strengthening ..............................................................................................  84  6.7.3  Reporting and Supervision ...............................................................................................  84  RAP ii CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report LIST OF FIGURES. Figure No. Items Page No. Figure 3.1 Republic of Yemen map showing location of the Taiz Governorate 18 Figure 3.2 Google Map of the Orod/Souq Al Horiah road alignment 18 Figure 3.3 GPS Track of the Orod/Souq Al Horiah road alignment 19 Figure 3.4 Topographic map of theOrod/Souq Al Horiah road alignment 34 Figure 3.6 Distribution of Population settlements in the Taiz Governorate and in 52 theShra'abAslamDistrict Figure 3.6 Food and basic need Poverty in the Taiz Governorate and inthe 44 Shra'abAslam District Figure 3.7 Electricity sources used in the Taiz Governorate and in the 45 Shra'abAslam District Figure 3.8 Distribution of health facilities in the Taiz Governorate and in the 46 Shra'abAslam District Figure 3.9 Distribution of education facilities in the Taiz Governorate and in the 47 Shta’abAslam District Figure 3.10 Road Facilities distributed in the Taiz Governorate and in the 48 Shra'abAslam District RAP iii CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS Photo No. Items Page No. Photo 1 Start of road alignment at Al Wadhiha Village 9 Photo 2 End of road alignment at Souq Al Horiah market 9 Photo 3 Consultation with men and women 11 Photo 4 View from section 2 of the road: escarpment terrain in Naqeel 20 Photo 5 Typical view of road alignment section one 21 Photo 6 Typical view of road sections with incomplete drainage system 22 Photo 7 Typical view of section 3 of the road alignment 23 Photo 8 General view of land use in Orod Souq Al Horiah road alignment 30 Photo 9 Typical view of the catchment area in the Orod Souq Al Horiah road 31 alignment Photo 10 Typical view of the run off zones in the road alignment area 33 Photo 11 Typical view of the absorption zones in the road alignment 34 Photo 12 Typical view of direct discharge to terraces 35 Photo 13 Typical view of the traditional irrigation system along the road 35 alignment Photo 14 Typical view of the traditional water harvesting system used along the 36 road alignment Photo 15 Typical view of the natural vegetation cover and cultivated land along 37 the road alignment Photo 16 Common livestock in the road alignment 37 Photo 17 Grave Abdullah Al Zahri in Al Qubah village 38 Photo 18 Water collection and donkeys used to transport water from well to 40 houses in Shra’ab Alslam District Photo 19 Unstable slopes at km 5.1 destroying both the road alignment and 60 agricultural land. Water pipes along the road. Photo 20 Graveyard and burial sites located along the road alignment 60 Photo 21 Agricultural terraces located along the road alignment 61 Photo 22 Scour effect and cross drainage points created on the road edge at km 4.9 61 Naqueel Al A’aruog Photo 23 Women and children crossing the road to get to water source 62 RAP iv CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report LIST OF TABLES Table No. ITEMS Page No. Table 1.1 Environmental and Social Review Process 10 Table 1.2 Surveyed villages. Date of survey and number of participants 12 Table 2.1 World Bank Safeguard Policies 15 Table 3.1 The Characteristics of the Proposed Road 20 Table 3.2 Estimates quantities of works and costs of the Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road 25 Table 3.3 Raw materials requirement for Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road 28 Table 4.1 Climate of the Taiz governorate 33 Table 4.2 Population and population density of Shra'ab Aslam District 39 Table 4.3 Comparison between the Poverty Status in the Taiz Governorate and in the Shra'ab Aslam District 39 Table 4.4 Community distribution according to drinking water supply in the Shra'ab Aslam District 40 Table 4.5 Community distribution according to electricity provisions in the Shra'ab Aslam District 41 Table 4.6 Types of Health Facilities in Shra'ab Aslam district area 41 Table 4.7 Distribution of health facilities in the Shra'ab Aslam District 41 Table 4.8 Schools distributions in Shra'ab Aslam District 42 Table 4.9 Road types and accessibility in Shra'ab Aslam District 42 Table 4.10 Baseline data collection at Supply Center Taiz City. Prices of commodities 49 Table 4.11 Baseline data collection at Al Asluf village. Prices of commodities 50 Table 4.12 Baseline Data Collection at ( Al Asroum)village. Prices of commodities 51 Table 4.13 Baseline Data Collection at Al Horiah Market. Prices of commodities 52 Table 5.1 Checklist of potential impacts during Construction and Operation Phases 54 Table 6.1 Summary of Mitigation Measures 67 Table 6.2 Monitoring Program for environmental and social impacts. Construction Phase 76 Table 6.3 Monitoring Program for environmental and social impacts. Maintenance phase 81 Table 6.4 Summary of ESMP During Design/Construction Phase 85 Table 6.5 Summary of ESMP During Operation Phase 88 RAP v CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BC; Beneficiaries Community CSO: Central Statistical Organization. DE: Design Engineer E&SU: Environmental and Social Unit EMP: Environmental Management Plan EPA: Environmental Protection Authority ESIA: Environment and Social Impacts Assessment GOAM: General Organization of Antiquities and Museums GOWR: General Organization for Water Resources. LC: Local Council LOW&S: Local Organization for Water and Sanitation Taiz MA&I: Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation. MLA: Ministry of Legal Affairs. MM: Mitigation Measures MPIC: Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation. MPWH:Ministry of Public Works and Highways MWE: Ministry of Water and Environment RAPCMO:Rural Access Project Central Management Office RE:Resident Engineer RMF: Road Maintenance Fund. SEA: Sectoral Environmental Assessment SFA:Social Framework Agreement SFD: Social Fund for Development TGO: Taiz Governor Office. RAP i CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) study was carried out for the Construction of Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road (second stage), financed under IDA RAP2.The (ESIA) was prepared for the Ministry of Public Works and Highways (MPWH), represented by the Rural Access Program - Central Management Office (RAP-CMO). The ESIA was carried out according to the guidelines set in the ESIAF Report, which is used by (RAP-CMO). Orod/Souq Al Horiah road alignment (second stage) is located inShra’ab Aslam district on the Southern Highland of Yemen, Northwest ofTaiz City (the Capital City of Taiz Governorate). The main objective of improving Orod/Souq Al Horiah road alignment (second stage) is to provide the only access for the isolated villages adjacent on the road alignment to outside services and markets. The construction of the road will make a significant difference in the quality of life of those deprived villages along the road in a state of continuous suffering due to poor access to administration and other services. It is estimated that the road alignment serves an average of 42,500 people directly and an average of 65,000 people indirectly. The main economic activity is agriculture for most of the population. The proposed road will be constructed on the existing dirt road alignment. The site works will comprise the completion of the earthworks, drainage structures and protection works. It will also provide road pavement layers, including base course and asphalt concrete wearing course. The estimatedquantities of the proposed road are shown in details in table 3.2. Orod/Souq Al Horiah road alignment (second stage) will begin fromAlwadhyhah village on Al Amjuod area at km 20.0, which is considered the end point of Orod/Souq Al Horiah first stage. Orod/Souq Al Horiah road alignment (second stage) is split into three sections. The first section of the road alignment is 3.5km long and is considered as rolling to mountainous terrain. The second section of road alignment is 1.3km long and is defined as mountainous to escarpment on Naqeel Al A’aruoq. The third section of existing road alignment is 2.5km long and is considered as rolling to mountainous terrain. The road alignment ends at Souq Al Horiah market in Shra'ab Aslam district. The total length of the road alignment is approximately 7.3km. Thereare no principal concerns related to problems associated with land acquisition, because road the alignment is already excavated. Where there are pinch points in narrow places, they will be left unchanged to prevent land acquisition. RAP 1 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Orod/Souq Al Horiah road alignment (second stage) is classified as category (B) following the OP 4.01. This category is justified because the expected construction and paving works are limited to the existing dirt road alignment, the road section is 7.3km long, and the adverse environmental and social impacts are minor and temporary. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Yemen is enacted by the Environment Protection Law No. 26 of 1995 (EPL). The provisions of this framework law are implemented through the Executive Regulations (By-Law 148-2000), issued by a decree of the Council of Ministers. In October 2002, the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) issued the “Environment & Sustainable Investment Program 2003-2008 (ESIP)”, which constitutes the framework for the government’s environmental policy of the next years. The construction ofOrod/Souq Al Horiah road alignment is expected to cause number of potential negative impacts, which are low and of moderate intensity. The potential impacts were reviewed in the context of the Physical Environment, Biological Resources and Socio-economic and Cultural Setup. The expected construction related impacts that have identified during the assessment process are summarized below. - Temporary land use (i) Site for the storage of materials and equipment. This is a relatively minor problem in that; there is considerable flexibility from local council/beneficiary community as to where these sites may be located. (ii) Diversion: In some cases where culverts are to be rehabilitated. This type of impact is considered as a minor, localized and reversible. -Slopes stabilization Slope stabilization is expected to occur in section 2 of the alignment in the mountain area (Naqeel Al Arouq at km 5.1). This impact is considered as local, temporary and reversible. -Management of construction camp During construction stage, solid and liquid waste, minor petroleum leakage and spills,domestic waste and facilities in the camp are expected. - Disposal of cut materials and surplus fill At km 3.7 surplus materials from previous were left to the side of the road, which may damage the terraces located below the alignment. These materials could be used as fill material to level the road bed to reach design level. The impact is considering minor and reversible. RAP 2 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report - Destruction of Water Pipes There are few water pipes located adjacent to road side such as at km2.7, km5.2 and km7.2.There is risk of damage to these pipes during the construction works. This would lead to temporary disruption of water supply to villages. - Discharge to Graveyards One Graveyard at km 1.5 was found on the right side of the alignment. During the previous contract, the top cover was removed by excavator machine causing the burial to be unstable. The impact is aggravated during rainy season when water flows and washes out top and side surface of the burial. This impact is considered minor, local and reversible. - Alteration of water harvesting patterns Water harvesting systems along the road are based on discharge to terraces from the mountain tops . Impacts on the water harvesting and irrigation systems should be reduced by proper longitudinal and cross drainage structures, including drains and culverts. The impact is considered major but reversible and mitigable. - Cross drainage and scour effects on new fills. This phenomenon was found at km 4.9 and 5.2) in section two on the road alignment. This impact is local and reversible. -Air quality and noise. The impact will be restricted to the construction site. Dust will be generated by earth works and vehicle movements. This will be a short-term impact that is limited primarily to the construction phase. It can be minimized by water spraying. -Biological Resources. There are no valuable or protected ecological assets along the road alignment. No significant damage to biological assets or vegetation are expected during the construction phase. - Road closures and detours. On section 2 of the road alignment it will be necessary to close the road for the public for certain periods with consequent adverse social and economic impacts on communities on both sides of the road. - Gender considerations A potential increase of road accidents and adverse impacts on water collection patterns were identified during women’s consultations as major aspects of social concern. This threat should be solved through making road humps in addition to warning signs in pedestrian road crossing. RAP 3 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Positive socio-economic impacts of upgrading theroad alignment include: improved safety and comfort, stimulus to economic development, increased mobility, reduced travel time and transport costs, improved community cohesion and intercommunity cooperation and improved accessibility to social services and markets. Orod/Suoq Al Horiahroad is a very important development,which will provide the only access for the isolated villages to outside services and markets. The construction of the road will make a significant difference in the quality of life of these deprived villagers. The ESMP for Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road project consists of three components; Mitigation Plan, Monitoring Program and Institutional Arrangements. The Mitigation Plan includes measures to mitigate potential negative project impacts during construction and during normal maintenance of the road. These mitigation measures are summarized in the comprehensive ESMP tables. These tables are prepared for the Construction as well as Maintenance Phases. The ESMP tables identify also the official Organizations, which are responsible for implementation and monitoring of mitigation measures. Implementation of the Environmental and Social Management Plan will be the responsibility of the supervision consultant. Monitoring program is designed to provide quantitative assessments of environmental parameters during pre- and post-project implementation. The monitoring program comprises site inspection designed to determine contractor compliance or otherwise with the ESMP and other applicable regulations and statutes. The Environmental and Social Unit (E&SU) of the Rural Access Program Central Management Office (RAPCMO) will be responsible for implementing the environmental and social monitoring program. The study shows that the estimated total cost of the mitigation measures is in the range of 201,000 USD. These costs are relatively high given the difficult mountainous terrain, which the road alignment is crossing, the unstable slopes, agricultural terraces, and water harvesting and irrigation systems in use. In addition, the cost of the monitoring activities (primarily cost of full time monitoring specialist, car, fuel, camera) is estimated to reach 30,000 USD. Thus the combined cost of the mitigation measures and the monitoring program reach 231,000 USD. This study concluded with the recommendation for the decision maker to proceed with the implementation of the road project with full consideration of the proposed ESMP, monitoring plan and the institutional arrangements. RAP 4 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report SUMMARY OF ESMP DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE Mitigations Responsibility Project Activity Quantity Cost USD Mitigation Measures Implementation Monitoring A.1 Land Resources A.1.1 Temporary land use Siting of site compounds, diversions Will be part of and haul roads; traffic management. the contract. Contractor & SFA obligation RE, BC & Bidders will be - Contractor able to cost this item in their bids. A.1.2 Slope stabilization atstation Stabilize upslope in mountainous areas 4,350 Cu.m 5+100 at Naqeel Al Arouq; design measures Structural to minimize adverse downstream Excavation 1300 impacts. Such measures are to build + + DE,RE & retaining walls, protection barriers or 2,850 Cu.m 14,000 Contractor gabion mesh works. Or to plant side Stone + slope with grass and natural shrubs. + 8250 740 Cu.m RE Boulder A.1.3 Contractor site compounds, Provision of adequate living and + Will be part of materials and equipment storage, sanitation facilities; adequate materials Project Officer the contract. (Solid and Liquid Waste Disposal, management and safety plan; handover + Bidders will be Management and Safety Plan for of rehabilitated compound site. The RE & Contractor E&S Unit - able to cost this Petroleum Products and Paving contractor is responsible to keep the item in their Material, Living and Sanitation camp clean from oil spillage and waste bids. Facilities, Rehabilitation of Site). disposal (liquid or solid). A.1.4 Disposal of cut materials and Controlled disposal of cut material and surplus fill at km3.7– agricultural land surplus fill and enforce the contractor destruction to find suitable places such as vacant RE & Contractor 8,150 Cu.m 450 land and to furnish this material so it won’t have an impact on the environment. A.1.5 Borrow pits and quarry areas Prudent selection of site (Wadi Al Nkhlah and Wadi Al Afuosh-dry wadi bed); RE & Contractor 1,500 Cu.m 950 Management during use and need for reinstatement. A.2 Hydrology and Water Resources A.2.1 Sources of construction water Appropriate sourcing of water and prior arrangements with communities. Gaining water is the responsibility of RE, BC & 120 tanks 2,000 the contractor; he can buy from water Contractor pump station at km 0.5 the bottom of Wadi Al Nkhlah below the alignment. A.2.2 Pollution of water resources Measures to prevent groundwater or from solid or liquid disposal, diesel or surface water contamination. The RE oil spills from site compounds and provision of containers for camp waste RE & Contractor + - 2,000 machinery disposal and fueling and oil change in Project Officer specified location as a general practice. + A.2.3 Alteration of water harvesting Incorporate current water harvesting 4,350 Cu.m E&S Unit patterns such as at km 2.3. practices into design; use of irrigation Structural pipes; improvement of channel Excavation 1300 performance by riprap work. + + RE & Contractor 250 Cu.m 31,150 Concrete + + 21,500 410 Cu.m Cyclopean RAP 5 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Mitigations Responsibility Project Activity Quantity Cost USD Mitigation Measures Implementation Monitoring A.2.4 Wadi cross drainage and scour Appropriate drainage design; use of 4,350 Cu.m effects on new fill at 4.9&5.2 culverts, Irish crossings, protection Structural walls, riprap, side drainage ditches and Excavation 1300 outlets; and planting. + + 250 Cu.m 31,150 Concrete RE & Contractor + + 21,500 410 Cu.m + Cyclopean 9,700 + 300 Cu.m Gabions A.2.6 Discharge to: Appropriate positioning and design of 4,350 Cu.m - New fill drainage structures; protection walls or Structural 1300 - Unstable slopes riprap. Excavation + - Graveyards RE & Contractor 2,850 Cu.m 14,000 - Agriculture terraces at km 3.450 Stone + 740 Cu.m 8250 Boulder A.3 Air Quality and Noise A.3.1 Dust & potential pollutants from Water spraying during maintenances; Water incl. in construction machinery, stored tire washing, dust emission controls on A.2.1. material and spoil heaps crushers and other equipment; Otherwise, will Preferably, locate heaps away from be part of the communities and farmlands; cover RE & Contractor - contract. material-laden trucks; control of RE Bidders will be fugitive dust during material delivery. + able to cost this Project Officer item in their + bids. A.3.2 Noise Nuisance Noise control devices (such as E&S Unit Will be part of silencers) on compressors, percussion the contract. tools; avoid equipment use after Bidders will be RE & Contractor - working hours. able to cost this item in their bids. A.4 Socio-Economic and Cultural Resources A.5.3 Destruction or relocation of Relocation of utility as a pay item utility services (water pipes). included in the sub-project cost. RE & Contractor 1,000 l/m 7,000 At km 5.2 A.5.4 Public health and safety at Safety rules for work maintenances, construction site such as equipment maintenance procedures, protective hard hats, shoes -Safety and health for the construction and clothing for workers; first aid and workers. medical kits and procedures; health and Will be part of safety regulations clearly displayed in RE the contract. English and Arabic. + Bidders will be RE & Contractor Project Officer - able to cost this -Public safety at the site and Public health and safety measures, such + item in their interaction between the workers and as barriers and warning signs to borrow E&S Unit bids. the public (e specially schoolchildren areas or other dangerous zones; speed in the village of Alwadhyhah). limits, traffic signs, speed bumps, safe passages. Information campaigns on health practices and communicable diseases. RAP 6 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Mitigations Responsibility Project Activity Quantity Cost USD Mitigation Measures Implementation Monitoring A.5.5 Graveyards and burials at km Avoid disturbance through the use of 4,350 Cu.m 1.5 stone pavement to safe burials; and Structural avoid drainage flooding and use Excavation 1300 barriers during construction. + + RE & Contractor 2,850 Cu.m 14,000 Stone + + 8250 740 Cu.m Boulder A.5.6 Chance finds of Cultural Will be part of Resources or other socio-economic Application of Chance Find Procedures the contract. resources to assess requirements and implement Bidders will be mitigation. RE & Contractor - able to cost this item in their bids. A.5.7 Gender considerations Women’s consultations and incorporate Will be part of concerns into ESMP. Most of the the contract. concerns were to implement humps Bidders will be RE & Contractor - near crossings to schools or daily able to cost this women activities, install warning signs item in their and some protection barriers. bids. A.5.8 Employment Mechanisms to maximize local employment benefits explored during RE & Contractor - No cost consultations. TOTAL ESTIMATED COST OF MITIGATION MEASURES: 201,000 RAP 7 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report SUMMARYOF ESMP DURING MAINTENANCE PHASE Mitigation Responsibility Activities Measures should be taken Implementation Monitoring B.1 Land Resources B.1.1 Slope stabilization Regular maintenance of stabilization measures; protection works B.1.2 Agricultural land or terrace Controlled disposal of cut and fill during Contractor Road damage during maintenance maintenance. Controlled equipment operations. &Local Maintenance B.1.3 Maintenance contractor site Provision of adequate living and sanitation facilities. Authority Fund compounds, materials and Adequate materials management and safety plan; equipment storage Limitation of construction site. B.1.4 Management of induced Land use planning and zoning for intersections and development village extensions. B.2 Hydrology and Water Resources B.2.1 Water harvesting Regular maintenance of water harvesting structures. B.2.2 Blockage of cross Regular maintenance of drainage structures. Drains/culverts Avoid uncontrolled community discharges. Uncontrolled discharge Contractor Road B.2.3 Erosion of road platform Maintenance of retaining structures, such as walls, &Local Maintenance from drainage discharge gabions, riprap; planting of shrubs and grasses. Authority Fund B.2.4 Pollution from vehicle diesel Timely clean up following accidents. and oil spills or accidents with hazardous cargo. B.3 Air Quality and Noise B.3.1 Air pollution from increased Vehicle maintenance; enforcement of emission Ministry of traffic controls; lead free fuels. N.A. Transport B.3.2 Noise Nuisance Speed controls in populated areas; signs and warnings in sensitive areas; driver information/education campaigns. B. 4 Biological Resources B.4.1 Increased pressure on Maintenance of speed reduction measures, signs and biological resources from induced warnings; planned development of growth areas; Contractor Road development educational campaigns. &Local Maintenance - Animal road kill Authority - Destruction of vegetation Fund B.5 Socio-Economic and Cultural Resources B.5.1 Increased road accidents Maintenance of speed reduction measures, signs and warnings; Information campaigns to drivers and at villages. B. 5.2 Public health and safety Safety rules for work operations, such as equipment during maintenance operation procedures, safety barriers, warning signs, Road protective hard hats, shoes and clothing for workers; Contractor &Local Maintenance -Maintenance works site risks to first aid and medical kits and procedures; workers and the public appointment of Safety Officer. Authority Fund Information campaigns on health practices and -Health risks from compound communicable diseases; sanitation and communicable Health and safety regulations clearly displayed in diseases English and Arabic. B.5.3 Socio Economic Benefits Monitoring of benefits. Consultants, E&SU B.5.4 If Chance finds of Cultural Application of Chance Find Procedures to assess Resources or other socio-economic requirements and implement mitigation. RMF& Contractor resources GOAMM RAP 8 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report 1. INTRODUCTION Location Orod/Souq Al Horiah road alignment (second stages) is located in the Shaa’arb Asalam district in the Southern Highland of Yemen, Northwest of Taiz City (the capital City of Taiz Governorate). Start point: The starting point of the road alignment is located on Alwadhihah village at Al Amjuod area on km 20 atthe end Orod/SouqAl Horiah (first stage) (see photo 1 below). Photo 1. Start of road alignment at AlWadhihah village End point: The end point of the road alignment is located atthe entrance to Souq Al Horiah (see photo 2 below). Photo 2. End of alignment road at Souq Al Horiah market RAP 9 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Length The total length of the road alignment is 7.3 km Context& EnvironmentalCategory 1.1.1 Context This Environment and Social Impact Assessment(ESIA) study was prepared for the Ministry of Public Works and Highways (MPWH) represented by theRural Access Program (RAP) financed under IDA RAP2. 1.1.2 Category Based on theconstruction activities for the Orod/SouqAl Horiah road (second stage) and the site visit, the project is classified as category (B) following the OP 4.01. This category is justified because the expected earth works are limited, and the road alignment was excavated using the existing alignment. Environmental and Social Review Process Consultation Program 1.1.3 Environmental and Social Review Process This Environmental and Social Impact Assessment was carried out according to the following processes (table 1). Table 1.1 Environmental and Social Review Process Phase Activities Condition Responsibility - Identification of issues and Screening applicable safeguard policies Done CMO-E&SU - Categorization CMO-E&SU Preparation of ESIA and ESMP Done ESIA, ESMP,SFA Draft SFA Agreement Disclosure of SFA Disclosure of SFA to communities CMO-E&SU and signing Signing of SFA Done , Districts and Communities Preparation of Final Final revision of EISA and ESMP On going CMO-E&SU ESIA and ESMP Incorporation of ESMP and SFA into contracts Implementation & Implementation Monitoring & reporting on Will be done CMO-E&SU Monitoring environmental and social mitigation measures during RE Contractors, construction Districts and Communities 1.1.4 Consultation Program The consultation programhas multiple & diverse objectives which are divided into the following specific objectives:  To provide a forum for the initial definition of the critical environmental and social issues.  To find from the regional stakeholders the interpretation of key sector development issues and linkages to the environment and social development. RAP 10 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report  To confirm the suitability of the initial list of beneficiaries selected for consultation.  To obtain assistance in contacting leading members of target communities where necessary. For the consultation program, important persons of the local community and governorate that are related with consultation of road project were selected. Two phases of the consultation program were performed:  Phase I: consisted of meetings and discussion, with local and regional officials.  Phase II: involved undertaking of a program of semi structured discussion in communities in affected region. This program included community discussion. The first phase of the Action Plan included preparation of work plan for the study and preparation of extensive questionnaires for conducting detailed study in the selected locations. The second phase relied on initial meetings with the project beneficiaries. Finally, the third phase included collecting related data through filling in the questionnaires, and by conducting direct interviews with beneficiaries. 1.1.5 Men Consultation Extensive and detailed interviewswere performed with all the segments of the population, from bottom to top, residing along or in the area of influence of the road project.This resulted in a sound impact assessment that was used at the initial as well as at the detailed design stages. The possible future social issues could be identified and resolved without delays. The Social Assessment survey was carried out to understand social setup of the area, travel patterns and people's perception of the proposed road. The survey was executed with local people from different villages during the Consultant site visit (seetable 1.2 and the pictures below). Photo 3. Consultations with men and women. RAP 11 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Table 1.2 Surveyed Villages. Date of survey and number of participants No of Governorate/District Road Name Villages Surveyed Survey Date Persons Alwadhyhah 18/12/2012 32 Taiz/ Shra'abAslam Orod/Souq Al Horiah 38 Souq Al Horiah 18/12/2012 Note: there were 14 women attending the meeting 1.1.6 Women Consultation The aim of this study was to solicit women’s views and concerns of road construction and incorporate them into this ESIA report and contract documents during design stage. During the ESIA study Orod/Souq Al Horiah (first stage), Eng:Anisah Al-Sharjabigender expert made consultations in three villages along the road, interviewed women from different levels and discussed with them the expected impact and the appropriate mitigation measures with regard to daily activities. The three villages which were surveyed by gender expert were located in the beginning and middle of road alignment at Al-Aslouf village & Al-Asroom village (both villages located at Orod/Souq Al Horiah (first stage) and the last village was at Al-Arooq located before the end Orod/Souq Al Horiah road (first stage).The results of women consultation are reflected in the ESIA study of the road alignment (second stage). The Women Consultation independent report was prepared in Arabic with an Executive Summary in English. RAP 12 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report 2. YEMEN ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNINGLEGISLATION AND THE WORLD BANK SAFEGUARDS POLICIES YEMEN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION Since 1990, the GoY has established institutions and responsibilities for environmental management, joined International Conventions and continues to develop sector legislation and procedures. A National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) was adopted in 1995 and the Environmental Protection Law (EPL) was enacted a year later. The NEAP established priority issues and actions in the main environmental fields such as “Water Resources, Land Resources, Natural Habitats, and Waste Management”. The Environment Protection Law (EPL) number 26 of 1995 legislate the protection of the environment, and permits Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The provisions of this law are implemented through the Executive Regulations (By-Law 148-2000), issued by a decree of the Council of Ministers to protect the Environment, Natural Resources, Society, and Health. The law equally stipulates the incorporation of environmental considerations in economic development plans at all levels and stages of planning for all sectors. It also, requires the preparation of EIAs for projects proposed by the public and private sectors. In addition, Yemen is signatory of 15 International Conventions on environmental issues:  Framework Convention on Climate Chang FCCC (1995).  Convention on Biological Diversity (1995).  Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1995).  Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (1995).  Convention on the Control of the Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (1995).  United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification UNCCD (1996).  Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CITES (1997).  Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants POP’s (2002).  The Ramsar Convention of Wetlands (2001).  The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (2002).  Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade (2002).  Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (2004).  Protocol concerning Regional Cooperation of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden Environment (1982).  Regional Convention for the Conversation of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden PERSEGA (1982).  Convention concerning the protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1980). RAP 13 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Government Framework 2.1.1 Yemen’s Environmental Governing Legislations In Yemen, Prime Ministerial Decree 94/1990 that is later called “Environmental Protection Authority EPA” constituted the Environmental Protection Council (EPC) in 1990. EPA was established as an inter-institutional council with broad responsibilities to manage the nation's environment. A National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) was adopted in 1995 and the Environmental Protection Law was enacted a year later. The NEAP established priority issues and actions in the main environmental fields such as:  Water resources;  Land resources;  Natural habitats; and  Waste management. In October 2002, the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)/MOTE issued the "Environment & Sustainable Investment Program 2003-08" (ESIP), which constitutes the framework for the Government's environmental policy of the next years. The ESIP presents an outline strategy and priority interventions aimed at controlling and gradually reversing the above trend and at supporting the sustainable human development for the people of Yemen. 2.1.2 EPA Function and Mandate The EPA is involved in many stages of the EIA process. However, its main role is in managing the screening and scoping phases in addition to evaluating and passing judgment on the final EIS. Another major duty of the EPA is to define environmental standards used to support EIA (in cooperation with other institutions concerned with environmental quality; see Environmental Protection Law of Yemen No. 26 of 1995, Articles 30 and 33). The EPA consists of 3 Directorates (Natural Resource; Control and Monitoring; Planning and Environmental Data) and 4 units (Climate Change; Ozone Unit; Women and Environment; Local Environment Issues). EPA has two departments: one for Legal Affairs and one for Awareness Raising, NG0s and Information. EPA has a clear mandate to implement the environmental legislation and to execute projects with the following objectives:  Protect the environment and conserve of its balance and maintaining the ecosystems;  Combat the different kinds of pollution and avoiding any damage or negative impacts of various development projects; RAP 14 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report  Protect and develop the natural resources and conserve the environment from the damages coming from outside the national environment;  Protect the society, human health and other organisms from the different non- environmentally activities;  Eliminate air pollution and the impacts of climate changes. WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS AND POLICIES The World Bank has ten operational safeguard policies of which OP/BP 4.01 (environmental assessment) was triggered by the civil works on the Oroq/Souq Al Horiah Road. The purpose of these policies is to ensure that social and environmental risks are prevented or at least minimized while increasing socio-economic benefits of approved projects in addition to preserving the environment. These policies have been a means to increase the effectiveness and positive impacts of development projects and programs supported by the Bank. The Bank’s 10 safeguard policies include: Table 2.1 World Bank Safeguard Policies Applicability to Policy Reference RAP2 1 Environmental Assessment OP / BP / GP 4.01 Yes 2 Involuntary Resettlement OP / BP/ GP 4.12 No 3 Natural Habitats OP / BP 4.04 No 4 Cultural Property OP 4.11 No 5 Pest Management OP 4.09 No 6 Indigenous Peoples OP 4.10 No 7 Forestry OP / BP 4.36 No 8 Safety of Dams OP / BP 4.37 No 9 Projects in Disputed Areas OP / BP / GP 7.60 No 10 Projects on International Waterways OP / BP / GP 7.50 No This project is classified as category B following the OP 4.01. Consequently, an ESMP was required that will allow integration of environmental measures in project planning, design, implementation and operation. The project will not involve any involuntary taking of land or restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas. The maintenance activities are relatively small scale and do not need construction camp. Therefore there is no need for temporary land acquisition for construction camps. The roles of both the Bank and the Borrower stated by this operational policy are summarized below. RAP 15 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report The Bank screens and sets the environmental assessment category and advises the borrower what are the Environmental Assessment requirements. The Bank reviews the findings and recommendations of the EA to determine whether they provide an adequate basis for processing the project for Bank financing. When the borrower has completed or partially completed the EA work prior to the Bank's involvement in a project, the Bank reviews the EA to ensure its consistency with the OP/BP 4.01. The Borrower assists the bank in project screening, and he is responsible for carrying out environment assessment in compliance with the Bank’s rules and national laws. The Borrower is also responsible for consulting project affected persons and local Non-Governmental Organizations. The Borrower discloses the draft/final ESIA and responds to any feedback provided by the Bank and/or the Public/stakeholders. RAP 16 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report 3. PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND DESCRIPTION Project objective The Rural Access Program (RAP) pursues the long-term goal of improving the livelihood and reducing the isolation of the rural population of Yemen. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to ensure the year-round access to markets, social services and administrative centers, especially in the remote areas where the large majority of the poor people live. Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road alignment under consideration aims at introducing a proper infrastructure to the project area, provide basic transport service and alleviating poverty in the rural areas of Yemen by improving the access of the population to the basic services they need. This has to be achieved with limited expenditures in a way to allow a more efficient use of the available resources and benefit the rural communities to a large extent. Project description 3.1.1 Existing Alignment Orod/SouqAl Horiah road alignment (second stage) is located inthe Shra'abAslam districtin the Southern Highland of Yemen, Northwest ofTaizCity (the Capital City of the Taiz Governorate). Theexisting road alignment is directed towards north of Taiz. The alignment begins at Alwadhyhah village on Al Amjuodarea at km 20 that is the end Orod/Souq Al Horiah (first stage). The first section of the existing alignment is well excavated with some remaining incomplete cross drainage. The road in this section is considered as rolling to mountainous terrain. The second section of existing alignment is definedby escarpment in Naqeel Al Aroq(for about 200m long) which is not well excavated and needs widening from the mountain side to the right as shown in the photo page (24) below. The existing road alignment in this section is passing over few rich agricultural lands, which are subject to washout by running rain water from surrounding regions. The third section of existing alignment is an excavated road. The road isconsidered as rolling to mountainous terrain and passes nearby houses on the left or agricultural land on the right. The width of road alignment is about 7-8m and decreases in some location to 5-6 m.However, the alignment in this section will keep the existing width to avoid obstacle such as houses or agricultural land. The end point of the Odor/Souq Al Horiah alignment (second stage) is located in the Souq Al Horiah village which is the biggest weekly market in Shra'abAslam district.Please see table (4) for road characteristics & figurefor GPS track 3 below. RAP 17 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Location Map Tai'zz Governorate N Red Sea Arabian Sea 50 0 50 100 150 Kilometers ROY Taiz governorate Figure 3.1 Republic of Yemen map showing location of theTaiz Governorate (Source: Central Statistics Office 2009) Figure 3.2 Google Map of the Orod/Souq Al Horiah road alignment. RAP 18 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road alignment (second stage) Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road alignment (first stage) Figure 3.3 GPS Track of the Orod/Souq Al Horiah road alignment (first &second stage) RAP 19 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Table 3.1The characteristics of the Proposed Road Length Width Section. Main Features Km M The existing alignment is well excavated road with some of cross 1 3.5 6-8 drainage still not completed. The alignment is considered as rolling to mountainous terrain in most of it. Land use includes agricultural, grazing & residential areas 2 1.3 6 The route is defined by escarpment for only 200m on Naqeel Al A’aruoq portion, which will require 1m widening in the mountain to the right side in a 200m long section. The land used for road widening is vacant land owned by the government. No any people will be affected.The existing alignment is an excavated road. The existing alignment is passing upper rich agricultural lands, which are subject to washout by flowing water from surrounding regions during rainy seasons. Land use includes also grazing areas 3 2.5 7-8 The existing alignment is an excavated road. The road is considered as rolling to mountainous terrain in most of it its sections. It passes nearby houses on the left or agricultural land on the right at few locations. Land use includes agricultural, grazing & residential areas Total 7.3km length Photo 4. View from section 2: escarpment terrain on Naqeel AlA’aruoq RAP 20 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report 3.1.2 Proposed Work Orod/Suoq Al Horiah roadalignment will be constructedon the existing alignment and will keep the existing width at narrow segments of the alignment in order to avoid obstacles and land taking. Site works will comprise the completion of the earthworks, drainage structures and protection works of the previous contracts as appropriate. It will also provide road pavement layers, including base course and bituminous surfacing. 3.1.2.1 General The design will follow the existingalignment, and where there arefew pinch pointsat narrow portions of the alignment, the design will keep itsexisting width to avoid land acquisition. Due to some pinch points insidevillages,which are difficult to avoid and the steep gradient, the pavement layers for those pinch points will beimplemented by stone pitching or cyclopean concrete. The pavement layers for the remaining length will be aggregate base course and asphalt concrete wearing course (see photos 5, 6 and 7). Photo 5. Typical view of road alignment section one RAP 21 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Photo 6. Typical view of sections with incomplete drainage system. RAP 22 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Uncontrolled runoff in the road Unstable slope and land erosion alignment Runoff Wadi Al Road A’aruoq Alignment Figs and shrubs subject to cut near the Al A’aruoq village Road alignment ends at Souq Al Horiah entrance Photo 7. Typical view of the section three road alignment. RAP 23 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report 3.1.2.2 Earth Works Earthworks of one form or another will be necessary along virtually the whole length of the road. Re- profiling of the vertical and horizontal alignment will be necessary to improve the present uneven surface and, where feasible, to reduce gradients and improve widening. 3.1.2.3 Pavement and Shoulders Theasphalt pavement will be 6m wide with an asphalt running surface and 1m gravel shoulders on each side. Following smoothing of the sub-grade, including filling or grading as appropriate, a 150mm thick base course of compacted gravel will be provided topped with asphalt concrete layer 40mm thick. Wherethe road passes through villages, sensitiveagricultural land or in mountainous area (where the works could impact lower lying areas and terraces,) it may be necessary to reduce shoulder width to less than 0.5m or abandon shoulders in order to avoid tribal tensionsand achieve economical construction. In such locations the shoulders will be paved, and the total widthof the asphalt running surface will be 6 m only. 3.1.2.4 Drainage Works U-section lateral ditches will be constructed as required in order to convey drainage water and to protect the sub-grade and pavement. Where the road is benched into the mountain side, drains will be provided on the uphill side only, and will be located at the outer edge of the shoulder. Where the road is on embankment, no lateral drains will be required. In areas where the road is in cut, lateral ditches will be provided at both sides..Where slopes exceed around 5%, the drains will be lined with stone pitching, in order to avoid erosion problems. Where slopes exceed about 8%, simple in-ditch energy dissipaters will be provided at appropriate intervals. Cross-drainage works will include single or multiple opening stone masonry slab culverts where the road crosses the larger watercourses. Single or multiple concrete pipe culverts of 1.5m diameter will also be installed as necessary: at intervals not exceeding 200m, and will discharge into existing small watercourses.The roadcost estimate and quantities for worksis shown in details in table 3.2below. RAP 24 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Table 3.2Estimated quantities for worksand cost of Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road WORK DESC Type Cost per ITEM DESCRIBTION UNIT QTY UNIT PRICE TOTAL AMOUNT(Y.R) % TYPE NO. Total L(1km) 2.03 Roadway Common excavation cu. m. 11,385.00 600 6,831,000.00 2.03 Roadway Rock excavation cu. m. 7,590.00 1400 10,626,000.00 Fill of suitable material from common 2.03 excavation and/or rock excavation cu. m. 10,465.00 600 6,279,000.00 within all haulage distance. EARTH WORKS Fill of borrow material including 40,224,100.00 5,223,909.09 excavation of the borrow pits and 11.57% 2.03 cu. m. 1,500.00 950 1,425,000.00 hauling the material to fill locations within all haulage distance Disposal of surplus and/or unsuitable excavated material outside the right- 2.03 cu. m. 8,510.00 450 3,829,500.00 of- way to the locations approved by the engineer Subgrade preparation to the design 2.03 sq. m. 56,168.00 200 11,233,600.00 limits specified on the drawings Granular Base Course Layer - 3.03 cu. m. 8,218.00 1300 10,683,400.00 PAVEMENT WORKS 150mm thick , as per specification 125,929,450.00 16,354,474.03 Provide and spray Bituminous Prime 36.23% 4.02 sq. m. 54,780.00 260 14,242,800.00 Coat, as per Specification Provide and lay Asphalt Concrete 4.05 cu. m. 2,055.00 49150 101,003,250.00 Wearing Course 40mm thick 6.18 Stone Pavement (250mm thick) sq. m. 0.00 0 0.00 RAP 25 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Structural Excavation (Culverts, 2.09 cu. m. 4,350.00 1300 5,655,000.00 Retaining Walls, Irish Crossings ) Concrete Class 110/25 (Blinding for 5.01 Culverts, Retaining Walls & Irish cu. m. 100.00 25000 2,500,000.00 Crossings etc...) Concrete Class 210/20 (Culvert Top 5.01 Slab, Irish Crossings Cut off Wall & cu. m. 250.00 31150 7,787,500.00 Slab etc...) STRUCTURAL WORKS Cyclopean Concrete Class 210/20 5.01 (Culvert / Retaining Walls Beds, cu. m. 410.00 21500 8,815,000.00 142,547,500.00 barriers, Paving, etc…..) 18,512,662.34 41.01% High Tensile steel bar reinforcement 5.03 ton 25.00 275000 6,875,000.00 (Grade - 60) Grouted Riprap 25cm thick ( Irish 6.05 Crossing, road side ditches, slope sq.m. 20,000.00 3100 62,000,000.00 protection and culvert inlet & outlet) Gabions (For Irish Crossing, Slope 6.05 cu.m. 300.00 9700 2,910,000.00 Protection) Stone Masonry Dressed Coursed 6.17 with Mortar (for Retaining Walls, cu.m. 2,850.00 14000 39,900,000.00 Culverts, Safety Barriers) Boulder Masonry for Retaining cu.m. 740.00 8250 6,105,000.00 Walls, Culverts, Safety Barriers RAP 26 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Project Name Board (Comprised of 7 reflected Aluminum sheets of ( 240 6.11 cm wide, 30cm high and 3 mm No. 1.00 600000 600,000.00 thick with their support, fittings and concrete foundation) Small Signs (not exceeding 1 sq.m. INCIDENTAL WORKS 6.11 No. 15.00 50000 750,000.00 area) 6.11 Single post sign No. 15.00 50000 750,000.00 7,413,000.00 962,727.27 2.13% Thermoplastic, reflectorized paint 6.12 (TRP) for Pavement Marking of 10 m 17,710.00 300 5,313,000.00 cm wide as per drawings 2.02 Relocation of Existing Walls m 0.00 8000 0.00 2.02 Relocation of Existing Fences m 0.00 8000 0.00 2.02 Relocation of Existing water pipe m 0.00 7000 0.00 2.02 Relocation of Existing Electric Poles No. 0.00 100000 0.00 Relocation of Existing Telephone 2.02 No. 0.00 100000 0.00 Poles ENVIRONMENTAL Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culvert 31,475,000.00 120cm dia. including plain concrete 4,087,662.34 WORKS for cradle & sand for fill as per 9.06% 5.13 m 290.00 67500 19,575,000.00 typical drawings. m 300.00 23000 6,900,000.00 Irrigation Pipes MS 300 mm diameter including excavation and filling Kerb stone 25*12*60cm m 2,000.00 2500 5,000,000.00 45,141,435.06 100.00% GRAND TOTAL 347,589,050.00 AVARAGE COST $ PER ONE KILOMETER LENGTH OF PROJECT RAP 27 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report 3.1.2.5 Equipment and Raw Material Requirements Equipment to be used in construction would most likely include trucks, bulldozer, graders, compactors and concrete mixer. Project works will require the following materials (see table 3.3). Table 3.3 Raw Material Requirements for A’arod/Suoq Al Horiah road. Material Source Borrow materials Locally acquired Gravel Locally acquired Aggregate Locally acquired Sand Locally acquired Road (riprap material) and Stone Block Locally acquired Clean Water for Concrete Locally acquired Other Water for Compaction Locally acquired Reinforcing bar Imported Manufactured Cement Locally Manufactured Steel beams Regionally Manufactured Steel Rails Imported Manufactured 3.1.2.6 Construction Program The construction period shall be 12 months. The labor force would be limited to three working groups totaling no more than 25 labors, of these approximately 15 would be unskilled laborers that may be drawn from local communities. Significant additional skilled labors like masons could also be required for slope protection works. 3.1.2.7 Land Acquisition The project does not involve any permanent acquisition of private land. In one section in Maqeel Al A’aruoq portion, the road needs to be widened for 1 meter on one side for about 200 meter. About 200 square meters of land is needed for the road widening. The land is vacant land owned by the government and no any people will be affected However, temporary occupation of might be required for contractor compound, the storage of materials and equipment. This temporary occupation will be managed in mutual agreement with land owner and endorsed by the Beneficiary Committee. RAP 28 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report 4. BASELINE CONDITIONS This section provides a description of the current environment and social situation of Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road project area. The description will entail the physical, ecological and socio-economic aspects. Under each of these general aspects, different environmental and social components will be elaborated. Land Resources 4.1.1 Physical Region Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road alignment is located in the South Western highlands of Yemen. The existing road alignment passes through rolling, mountainousand on limited locations escarpment terrain. The road alignment passes through few narrow sections in villages or near agricultural lands. 4.1.2 Geology The geology of Orod/Souq Al Horiah road project area along the road consists of two types of rock units: metamorphic basement rocks and Tertiary volcanic rocks with several dykes and sills intruded through the basement. The basement rocks are migmatitesand gneisses which are in general massive; in most places with some thermal alteration of gneisses close to dykes and fractures. These types of rocks in general are massive and hard in most of the road alignment. Please note that:  Metamorphic basement is very hard rock; there was no open space along the Base Rock that would allow erosion or rock weakening.  Tertiary volcanic rock occupies 80% of Yemen. 4.1.3 Land Use Orod/Souq Al Horiah road alignment area has agricultural lands on one or both sides of the road. Most of the terrain has vegetative cover on the hills as well as on the valley side. Agricultureand grazing activities are the major land use characteristic at the project area (see photo 8 below). Hydrology & Water Resources 4.1.4 Climate Taiz governorate has elevations between 1150-3006m above sea level, characterized by mountainous terraces and temperate climate with monsoon rains. Mean temperature in the project area range from 7.8-35.1 degrees centigrade while relative humidity ranges between 48-78% (Statistic Book 2009). RAP 29 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Photo 8. General view of land use in Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road RAP 30 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report 4.1.5 Hydrology Depending on field visit and topography mapof the project area, the catchments of the wadis draining in the study area consist of middle and small catchments 3-4 km² crossing the alignment.The catchmentis characterized by a mountainous terrain with a considerably high slopes in most parts of the catchments and more gentle slopes in lower parts near to the road location. Slopes near the wadi sides in the upstream are much higher (see photo 9 and figure 3.4). Photo 9. Typical view of the catchment area in Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road alignment RAP 31 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Fig 3.4 Topographic map of the Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road alignment RAP 32 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report 4.1.6 Rainfall Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road alignment lies in a high annual rainfall region between 250-300mm per year (see table 4.1). Table 4.1 Climate data for the Taiz Governorate. Precipitation Temp (C°) Relative Humidity (%) Month (mm) Max. Min. Average Comments Jan 0.0 27.4 9.9 72 Feb 36.2 27.6 7.8 69 Mar 40.3 29.8 10.5 63 season of rain Period Apr 27.8 31.1 14.3 55 May 81.4 35.1 16 48 June 66.8 33.8 16.6 53 July 40.2 32.7 17.1 55 season of rain Period Aug. 115.0 31.6 16.7 64 Sept. 54.7 32.5 14.8 57 Oct. 15.5 31.4 12.0 63 Nov. 5.3 28.2 10.9 63 Dec. 10.7 26.8 12.4 78 Total 493.9 - - - Extreme 115.0 33.8 7.8 - Source: Statistical year book 2009. 4.1.7 Run off Zones and Absorption Zones a) Run off Zones:Orod/Suoq Al Horiahroadalignment area which is located in a mountainous area has steep slopes and the Lithology is hard rock so the area has a number of catchments areas and is considered as a runoff zone (see photo 10below). Photo 10. Typical view of the run of zones in road alignment area RAP 33 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report b) Absorption Zones: Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road alignment is mostly located at the area of low slopes and the presence of terraces, which allows for absorption and infiltration of rainwater (see photo 11below). Photo 11. Typical view of the absorption zones in the road alignment area 4.2.5 Water Harvesting Systems. Water is a scarce commodity with fluctuating supply that is harvested by Yemenis through intricate systems. Yemenis for centuries have been constructing terraces to utilize highlands for cultivation, which are also useful in controlling soil erosion. Based on the field visits to Orod/Suoq Al Horiahroadalignmentarea, several water harvesting systems were found. The following are the different water harvesting systems adopted: A- Direct discharge to terraces from mountaintops: Orod/Suoq Al Horiahroadalignment has been excavated on rolling to mountain slopes,which accumulate runoff rainwater. It is an established practice that farmers construct simple water harvesting structures with local available material on the existing road to discharge rainwater runoff to Terraces (see photo 12below). RAP 34 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Photo 12. Typical view of direct discharge to terraces: mountain top and existingroad B- Irrigation system: Farmers in Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road alignment area builtdiversion channels to divert water from catchments areas. During rainfall when water is in abundance, this system is considered very effective. The traditional irrigation system in this caseis used for the distribution of water depending on farms location, from the upper farms to the lower farms(Ala'alafl, Thuma Alasfal) - see photo 13below). Photo 13. Typical view for traditional Irrigation System along road alignment Diversion channel Upper farms & Lowest C- Ponds and Wells: People use water from ponds, dam and tube wells scattered at some places along Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road alignmentarea to meet their demand of water for drinking and other household purposes. (see photo13below). RAP 35 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Road alignment Pond for water harvesting from upper catchmentarea Photo 14. Typical view of traditional water harvesting system used along road alignment At km1.5 a pond is located on the upper hill at right side adjacent to road alignment. Implementing wall protection is required to support the pond. Air quality &Noise Nuisance In the vicinity of Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road alignment area, the air quality is good, and the noise levels are low (below 55 dB).This isdue to very limited traffic volume (approximately 30-40 vehicles per day) at present.In addition, the location of the project site is in an undeveloped area in a mountainous area.The road project site is also covered by natural vegetation, which results in reduction of dust. Biological Resources 4.1.8 Flora The natural vegetation coverin Orod/Souq Al Horiahroad project area is used by the residents for their daily life, for firewood and as rangeland for livestock. However, the cultivable landssuch as the terracesare found in the mountains and along the wadis. Mostly maize, sorghum, barely, wheat& millet are grown in large quantities along the route, while Qat is grown in few locations. Mango fruit trees were encountered in some farms along the road. Nabk is the widespread and famous tree in the road project area used for grazing, livestock, firewood and bees feed (see photo 15below). Protected plant species were not recorded in the road vicinity. RAP 36 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Nabk trees Photo 15. Typical view of natural vegetation cover & cultivated land along road alignment 4.1.9 Fauna There is no information about endemic species in Orod/Souq Al Horiahroad alignment. The most common livestock in the area are sheep and goats. People also raise cows, camels and donkeys. There are many wild animals found in the hilly countryside in all of the governorate districts. Hyena and foxes live in some isolated uninhabited mountainous areas. Rabbits, hedgehogs, monkeys, as well as a variety of birds such as eagles, falcons, owl, wild dove are found in the area (see photo16). No protected or endangered animal species were reported along the road alignment. Photo 16. Common livestock in the road alignment area 4.1.10 Protected Areas or Critical Natural Habitats Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road alignment regionis not located near any sensitive, specially designated area, protected areas or critical natural habitats. RAP 37 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Cultural &historical sites There are no cultural sites. There is only one historical place,which consists of a grave that belongs to a religious person named“Abdullah Al Zakri” at km 1.55 on the left side of Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road alignment but will not be affected during construction(see photo 17 below). Photo 17. Grave Abdullah Al Zakri in Al Qubah village (sufficient road width) Socio-economic The following paragraphssummariesthe socio-economic aspects ofShra'abAslamDistrict inTaizgovernorate such as beneficiaries, poverty level and essential facilities. The study concentrates on the access to the social facilities especially schools, health centers and water sources. 4.1.11 Population The total population ofShra'abAslamDistrict isabout165,386 persons (2013 projection), and the population density is 827 p/km2.It is estimated that the road alignment serves about 40,000 to 45,000 persons directly and 60,000 to 70,000 persons indirectly, so the population benefits are 42,500+ (130,000/2) =107,500 persons. Table 4.2 below shows the distribution of population and settlements that would have the benefitfrom implementing the Orod/Suoq Al Horiahroad alignment. In thenear future, when construction works of road alignment project is completed, the density of the population in the villages along the road alignment is expected to increase due to migration back from the neighboring towns to the villages. RAP 38 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Table 4.2Population and population density of Shra'abAslamDistrict. 2004 Projection &2013 Projection District Males Females Total Area (km²) Density P/km² Projection Shra'ab 59,983 65,787 125,770 200 629 2004 Aslam 78,877 86509 165386 200 827 2013 The base on annual growth 3.5%. 4.1.12 Economic Activities & Poverty status Most of the local malesin the communities,which are nearthe road projectwork in agriculturewhereas the remaining jobs are in the government sector (armed forces).Inaddition, there are jobs in construction, craft works, mechanics and vehicle repairjobs. The agriculture activities depend on seasonal rainfall and water springs irrigation. The most important agricultural products are seeds such as maize, sorghum, wheat, barely millet. There are alsolocalsjobs in raising livestock because of the availability of grassesand the appropriate climate.There is no data for Shara’abAsalamDistrict (project site) regarding the agricultural areas, the production statistics of grown crops and livestock. The available data is summarized in table 4.3 and figure 3.6, which show the comparison between poverty inTaiz Governorate with Shra'abAslamdistrict. The poverty level in Orod/Suoq Al Horiah roadalignment area in Shra'abAslamdistrict is worsethan other districts in Taizgovernorate. Theconstruction of the project will increase economic activity and alleviate poverty in the project area. Table 4.3. Comparison between poverty in the TaizGovernorateand in the Shra'abAslamDistrict % Of Population under Basic % Of Population under Food Governorate & Districts needs poverty Poverty Shra'ab Aslam 41.1 32.9 Taiz 38.9 31.5 Source: Central Statistics Office (1999 Census). RAP 39 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report 4.1.13 Services and facilities in the project area 4.1.13.1 Water Resources The main water source inShra'abAslamdistrictarethe water harvesting micro projects.Water supply pipelines exist along the route of the proposed road. The majority of communities along the alignment area depend on ponds, water tanks, and ground water as shown in table 4.4. Therefore, this matter of water resources should be considered during construction to improve water-harvesting systems. Table 4.4 Community distribution according to drinking water supply inShra’ab Aslamdistrict. Governorate Taiz Community Distribution According to Water Supply Source District Communities Use Communities Use Communities Use Wells, Streams, Public or Private Wells or Stream Tanks or Dams Water Source Water Shra'ab Aslam - 118 79 Source: Central Statistics Office (1999 Census) Photo18.Water collection, donkeys used to transport water from well to houses in Shra’abAlslam district. 4.1.13.2 Electricity and Power generation The majority of the locals in Shra'abAslamdistrictare using Kerosene and Gas for their basic needs instead of electricity (table 4.5 and figure 3.7).This requires more time to deliver these commodities on inaccessible roads, which results in increase cost. The table below compares citizens using public electricity and Private generator with other citizens using Kerosene and Gas. RAP 40 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Table 4.5.Community distribution according toelectricityprovisions inShra'abAslamdistrict. Community Governorate Taiz Community Distribution According to Electricity Districts Total Community use Community use Community w/o Public Private Generator Electricity Electricity Shra'abAsla 874 - 32 842 m Source: Central Statistics Office (1999 Census) 4.1.13.3 Health Facilities Health services in road alignment area in Shra'abAslam district since 1999 were below standard.Tables 4.6 and 4.7, and figure 3.8 show some of the basic figures related to health services, compared recently with 8 health facilitiesalong theroad alignment. This further supports the justification to build a paved road.Tables 4.6 and 4.7compare health facilities found near by the roadalignment region with all health facilities located inShra'abAslamdistrict. Table 4.6.Types of Health Facilities in Shra'abAslamdistrict area Health Center Distributions Governorate Taiz District Total PrivateHe althCente althCente PublicHo PublicHe PrivateH Private Others ospital Clinic spital r r Shra'abAsla 7 0 7 0 0 0 0 m Source: Central Statistics Office (1999 Census) Table 4.7. Distribution of health facilitiesin the Shra’ab Aslam District No. Name of facility Location Type 1. Al Taby Center Al Taby village Public Health Center 2. As’sana’a Center As’sana’a area Public Health Center 3. Al Kheer Center BaniMhdy area Private Health Center 4. Al MdaqhClinc Al Mdaqh village Private Health Clinic 5. Alkareef Clinic Alkareef village Private Health Clinic 6. Al Horia Hospital AlHoria District Center Public Hospital 7. Al Nkhlh Clinic AlHoria District Center Private Health Clinic 8. Al Hbn Center Alhebn village Public Health Center 4.1.13.4 Education Facilities The basic educational facilities along theroad alignment are acceptable compared with educational facilities inShra'abAslamdistrict.It is expected that, with theconstruction of road alignment student RAP 41 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report will face less travel time to reach their school during winter season and will enable student to complete their education in the nearbyuniversities. Table4.8 and figure 3.9 show comparison between educational facilities in Shra'abAslamdistrict with34 educational facilities in villages adjacent to road alignment. Table 4.8. Schools Facilities distribution inShra'abAslamdistrict. Schools Facilities Distribution Governorate Taiz Elementary + Vocational or District Elementary Total Secondary Secondary University Technical Institutes Others Shra'abAslam 80 48 5 27 0 0 0 Source: Central Statistics Office (1999 Census) 4.1.13.5 Transportation and accessibility Due to the lack of proper road infrastructure at Shra'abAslamdistrict area and the tough topography, the means of transportation are limited. The four wheel drive vehicles are the main transport means. Table 4.9 and figure 3.10 show some of the basic data related to the transportation facilities. Table 4.9.Road Types and accessibility inShra'abAslamdistrict Community Settlement Base on Governorate Taiz Transport Type District Total No Access Asphalt Gravel Track Earth Shra'ab Aslam 874 0 0 148 529 197 Source: Central Statistics Office (1999 Census) RAP 42 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Figure 3.5 Distribution of Population settlements in Taiz Governorate andin Shra'abAslamDistrict RAP 43 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Figure 3.6Food & basic need Poverty in Taiz Governorate andin Shra'abAslam District RAP 44 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Figure 3.7 Electricity sources used in Taiz Governorate and in Shra'abAslam District RAP 45 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Figure 3.8Distribution of health facilities in Taiz Governorate and inShra'abAslam District RAP 46 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Figure 3.9 Distribution of education facilities in Taiz Governorate and inShra'abAslamDistrict RAP 47 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Figure 3.10 Road Facilities Distributed in Taiz Governorate and inShra'abAslam District RAP 48 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report 4.1.13.6 Socio-Economic Indicators During the visit to Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road alignment area, data for Socio-Economic indicators were collected. These indicators include:  Transport rates for goods and passengers  Prices of essential commodities.  Access time from project affected communities to the closest market and services. The main aim of collecting above baseline data is to use monitoring program for monitoring the socio-economic indicators. The monitoring program is designed to provide quantitative assessments of socio-economic parameters under pre and post project implementation. The program is proposed to monitor key social development and economic indicators as a means of defining overall project performance. The baseline data for monitoring these socio-economic indicators were collected at three locations in addition to supply center at Taiz market: TaizCity,AlMohyjer village,Alaruoq village and Al HoriahMarket village.Please refer to tables4.10 to 4.13 below for more details. Table 4.10 Baseline data collection at Supply Center Taiz City. Prices of commodities. Road name:Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road alignment Date:Feb 2013 Road length: 7.3 km Beginning of road:Alwadh’hahvillageat km 20.0Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road End road alignment:AlHoriah Market Supplies Center: Taiz City Distance from Beginning of road to supply Center:48 km Distance from Beginning of road to this village :zero km A) Price of commodities: Wholesale Price (YR) Type Retail Price (YR) Type 1. Wheat 50kg-(bag) 5000 American 1. Wheat (kg) 100 American 2. Flour 50kg-(bag) 4800 As-Sanabel 2. Flour (kg) 100 As-Sanabel 3. Sugar 50kg-(bag) 8500 Brazilian 3. Sugar (kg) 200 Brazilian 4. Rice 40kg-(bag) 8200 Indian 4. Rice (kg) 200 Indian 5. Water bottle (carton) 1500 Hadda 5. Water bottle 70 Hadda 6. Cooking oil (carton) 4500 Chef 6. Cooking oil (bot.) 1500 Chef 7. Ghee (1/2Drum) 1500 Kamariah 7. Ghee 1kg ( tin) 400 Kamariah 8. Cement50kg-(bag) 1500 Local 8. Petroleum (L) 175 1L 9. Steel bars (ton) 152000 Imported 9. Diesel (L) 45 1L 10. Kerosene (L) 50 1L 11. Gas Cylinder 1300 12. Lube oil 800 Mobil  Transport rates for goods = 500 R.Y for 50kg /bag from Taiz City to any village located in Shara’abAslam district. RAP 49 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Table 4.11 Baseline data collection atAl Mohyjer village. Prices of commodities Road name:Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road alignment Date: Feb 2013 Road length: 7.3km. Distance from Beginning of road to this village: 5.50km SupplyCenter: TaizCity Distance from Supply Center to this village:53.5 km Village name:AlMohyjer village A) Price of commodities: Wholesale Price (YR) Type Retail Price (YR) Type 1. Wheat 50kg-(bag) 5700 American 1. Wheat (kg) 100 American 2. Flour 50kg-(bag) 5500 As-Sanabel 2. Flour (kg) 100 As-Sanabel 3. Sugar 50kg-(bag) 9000 Brazilian 3. Sugar (kg) 200 Brazilian 4. Rice 40kg-(bag) 8,800 American 4. Rice (kg) 200 American 5. Water bottle (Box) 1200 Hadda 5. Water bottle 70 Hadda 6. Cooking oil (carton) 2,700 Chef 6. Cooking oil (Bot.) 450 Chef 1L 7. Ghee (Drum) 1,300 Kamariah 7. Ghee (1-kg tin) 300 Kamariah 8. Cement 50kg-(bag) - Local 8. Petroleum (L) - 1L 9. Steel bars (ton) - Imported 9. Diesel (L) - 1L 10. Kerosene (L) - 1L 11. Gas Cylinder - 12. Lube oil - B) Cost of transport: (I) 1. Cost of transport per one person from Taiz city to this village 1000 Y.R. 2. Cost of transport per vehicle from Taiz city to this village 10,000 Y.R. (II) Cost of transport: Description Per 1 person Per vehicle Location To the nearest health center 1000 Y.R. Y.R10000 TaizCity To the nearest University 1000Y.R Y.R.10,000 TaizCity To the nearest local weekly market 1000Y.R. Y.R.10,000 TaizCity C) Time Access Description Non-Motorize Motorize Location 1.0 hour To the nearest health center - TaizCity 1.0hour To the nearest school - TaizCity 1.0 hour To the nearest local weekly market - TaizCity RAP 50 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Table 4.12 Baseline data collection atAl Aruoqvillage. Prices of commodities Road name:Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road Date:Feb2013 Road length:7.3km Distance from Beginning of road to this village:8.0km SupplyCenter :TaizCity Distance from Supply Center to this village:58.0km Village name:Alaruoqvillage A) Price of commodities: Wholesale Price (YR) Type Retail Price (YR) Type 1. Wheat 50kg-(bag) 4,500 American 1. Wheat (kg) 100 American 2. Flour 50kg-(bag) 4,950 As-Sanabel 2. Flour (kg) 100 As-Sanabel 3. Sugar 50kg-(bag) 9,100 Brazilian 3. Sugar (kg) 200 Brazilian 4. Rice 40kg-(bag) 8,700 American 4. Rice (kg) 200 American 5. Water bottle (Box) 1100 Hadda 5. Water bottle 50 Hadda 6. Cooking oil (carton) 2,700 Chef 6. Cooking oil (Bot.) 450 Chef 7. Ghee (Drum) 1,300 Kamariah 7. Ghee (1-kg tin) 300 Kamariah 8. Cement 50kg-(bag) - Local 8. Petroleum (L) - 1L 9. Steel bars (ton) - Imported 9. Diesel (L) - 1L 10. Kerosene (L) - 1L 11. Gas Cylinder - 12. Lube oil - B) Cost of transport: (I) 1. Cost of transport per one person from Taiz city to this village 1000Y.R. 2. Cost of transport per vehicle from Taiz city to this village 10,000Y.R. (II) Cost of transport: Description Per 1 person Per vehicle Location To the nearest health center 1000 Y.R. Y.R10000 TaizCity To the nearest University 1000Y.R Y.R.10,000 TaizCity To the nearest local weekly market 1000Y.R. Y.R.10,000 TaizCity C) Time Access Description Non-Motorize Motorize Location To the nearest health center - 1.20 Hour Taiz city To the nearest University - 1.2Hour Taiz city To the nearest local weekly market - 1.20Hour Taiz city RAP 51 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Table 4.13 Baseline data collection at Al HoriahMarket. Prices of commodities Road name:Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road Date:Feb2013 Road length:7.3km End road:AlHoriahmarket Distance from Beginning of road to this village:7.3km SupplyCenter :TaizCity Distance from Supply Center to this village:55.3km Village name:AlHoriahMarket A) Price of commodities: Wholesale Price (YR) Type Retail Price (YR) Type 1. Wheat 50kg-(bag) 5,700 American 1. Wheat (kg) 150 American 2. Flour 50kg-(bag) 5,500 As-Sanabel 2. Flour (kg) 200 As-Sanabel 3. Sugar 50kg-(bag) 9,100 Brazilian 3. Sugar (kg) 250 Brazilian 4. Rice 40kg-(bag) 9,300 American 4. Rice (kg) 250 American 5. Water bottle (Box) 1200 Hadda 5. Water bottle 70 Hadda 6. Cooking oil Chef 6. Cooking oil (Bot.) Chef 7. Ghee (Drum) Kamariah 7. Ghee (1-kg tin) 500 Kamariah 8. Cement 50kg-(bag) 1,800 Local 8. Petroleum (L) 175 1L 9. Steel bars (ton) 162,000 Imported 9. Diesel (L) 90 1L 10. Kerosene (L) 90 1L 11. Gas Cylinder 1600 12. Lube oil 1000 B) Cost of transport: (I) 1. Cost of transport per one person from Taiz city to this village 1000Y.R. 2. Cost of transport per vehicle from Taiz city to this village 10,000Y.R. (II) Cost of transport: Description Per 1 person Per vehicle Location To the nearest health center 1000 Y.R. Y.R10000 TaizCity To the nearest University 1000Y.R Y.R.10,000 TaizCity To the nearest local weekly market 1000Y.R. Y.R.10,000 TaizCity C) Time Access Description Non-Motorize Motorize Location To the nearest health center - 1.40H Taiz city To the nearest University - 1.4 0H Taiz city To the nearest local weekly market - 1.40H Taiz city RAP 52 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report 5. Potential Environmental &Social Impacts Introduction The objective of Orod/Souq Al Horiah road project (second stage)ESIA study is to identify and assess the potential negative and positive impacts, which the proposed road project will have on the existing biophysical and socio-economic environment. The negative impacts will be mitigated to minimize their significance and the positive impacts will be enhanced. This section of the report addresses the impact findings based on the field survey and thoroughconsultation and evaluation. Input from the public and various authorities consulted during this process is also considered and incorporated. Checklist of Potential Impacts Identified Thechecklist, which was prepared during the inception phase of Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road alignment study was the basis for identifying the critical environmental and social components, and to evaluate the anticipated negative impacts. The following checklist (table 5.1 below)is the scoping matrix that was adopted during the analysis and field visit verifications. RAP 53 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Table 5.1 Checklist of potential impacts duringConstruction and Operation Phases Orod/Souq Al Horiah road Governorate: Taiz Date:Feb 03-02-2013 (second stage)7.3m POTENTIAL IMPACT CHARACTERISTICS Type Effect Change Extent Degree Uncertain (to be determined) ASPECT Item No. PHASE ISSUES Comments Major& Irreversible Minor & reversible Major & reversible Temporary Permanent Negligible Localized Extensive Negative Indirect Positive Direct A-1.1 Site survey Investigation O A-1.2 Permanent Land Acquisition A-1.2.1 Widening O Pinch Point agricultural land & A-1.2.2 O Urban A-1.2.3 Local Re-Alignment / New Alignment O Alignment ready excavated. A-1.2.4 Dumping Sites O A1 - Design /Construction A-1.3 Temporary Land Acquisition A-1.3.1 Site Compound O LAND RESOURCES A-1.3.2 Diversion and Haul Road O A-1.4 Slope Stabilization O O O O O Limited only in NaqelOrod section 2 A-1.5 Management of Construction Site Compound A-1.5.1 Solid and Liquid Waste Disposal O O O O O Control measures should be taken Management and Safety Plan for Control measures should be taken A-1.5.2 Petroleum Products and Paving O O O O O Material Safety and Emergency Response Control measures should be taken A-1.5.3 O O O O O Procedures A-1.5.4 Living and Sanitation Facilities O O O O O Control measures should be taken A-1.5.5 Rehabilitation of Site O O O O O Control measures should be taken A-1.6 Disposal of Cut Material and Surplus Fill O O O O Found in section 2, previous contract A-1.7 Borrow Pits and Quarry Areas O Regular maintenance of protection B- 1.1 Slope Stabilization O O O O O works B1 – Operation Agricultural Land or Terrace Damage During Control equipment operation B- 1.2 O O O O O Maintenance Limit site compound, adequate Maintenance of Contractor Site Compound, B- 1.3 O O O O O sanitation & adequate materials Material and Equipment Storage storage Land use planning should be B- 1.4 Management of Induced Development O applicable RAP 54 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Orod/Souq Al Horiah road Governorate: Taiz Date: Feb 03-02-2013 (second stage)7.3m POTENTIAL IMPACT CHARACTERISTICS Type Effect Change Extent Degree Uncertain (to be determined) ASPECT Item No. PHASE Major& Irreversible ISSUES Comments Minor & reversible Major & reversible Temporary Permanent Negligible Localized Extensive Negative Indirect Positive Direct A-2.1 Sources of Construction water O To be approved by locals and RE Pollution from Waste water Diesel or Asphalt A2 - Design / Construction A-2.2 O Spills from Site Compound and Machinery A-2.3 Flood Protection in Wadi O A-2.4 Alteration of Water Harvesting Patterns O O O O O Design measures should be taken HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES A-2.5 Cross Drainage and Scour Effects O O O O O Design measures should be taken A-2.6 Discharge to Adjacent Lands: A-2.6.1 Discharge to Unstable Slopes O O O O O Design measures should be taken A-2.6.2 Discharge to Rock Surface O A-2.6.3 Discharge to Channel in a Stack O O O O O Design measures should be taken A-2.6.4 Discharge to Graveyards O O O O O Build Protection Wall A-2.6.5 Discharge to Terraces O Discharge to Other Sensitive Areas or A-2.6.6 O Structures Regular maintenance of water B-2.1 Water Harvesting O harvesting structures B2 – Operation Regular maintenance of drainage Blockage of Cross Drainage / Culverts from B-2.2 O O O O O structures& avoid uncontrolled Uncontrolled Discharged community discharge Maintenance of retaining structures , Erosion of Road Platform from Drainage B-2.3 O O O O O walls,gabions,riprap&planting of Discharge grasses &shrubs Pollution from Vehicles Diesel and Oil Spills Timely clean up following accidents B-2.4 O O O O O or Accidents with Hazardous Cargo Dust & Potential Pollution from Construction Control measures should be taken A3 - Design / Construction A-3.1 O O O O O Machinery, Stored Materials and Spoil Heaps AIR QUALITY AND NOISE NUISANCE A-3.2 Smoke from Burning of Waste Materials O A-3.3 Noise Nuisance from road works O O O O O Control measures should be taken Operation B-3.1 Air Pollution from road works O O O O O B3- B-3.2 Noise Nuisance from road works O O O O O RAP 55 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Orod/Souq Al Horiah road (second stage) 7.3 m Governorate: Taiz Date: Feb 03-02-2013 POTENTIAL IMPACT CHARACTERISTICS Type Effect Change Extent Degree ASPECT Item No. PHASE Major& Irreversible Minor & reversible Major & reversible ISSUES Comments Uncertain (to be Temporary Permanent Negligible Localized Extensive Negative Indirect Positive Direct Conversion or Degradation of a Critical or non- Alignment ready excavated A4 - Design / Construction BIOLOGICAL RESOURSES A-4.1 O Critical Natural Habitats Damage to Biological Resources by Alignment ready excavated A-4.2 O Construction Equipment Damage to Biological Resources by Alignment ready excavated A-4.3 O Construction Workers Increased Pressure on Biological Resources B-4.1 Operatio from Induced Development B4- B-4.1.1 Animal Road Kill O O O O O Safety measures should be taken B-4.1.2 Destruction of Vegetation O A-5.1 Tribal Tensions O Alignment ready excavated. A-5.2 Land Acquisition and Resettlement O Alignment ready excavated. Destruction or Re-Location of Utility Services This situation only located on Naqeel Al A-5.3 O O O O O (Electricity and Phone Pole Lines, Water Pipes) A’aruoq SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL A5 - Design / Construction A-5.4 Public Health and Safety at Construction Site Safety and Health for the Construction Control measures should be taken A-5.4.1 O O O O O Workers Public Safety at the Site and Safety measures should be taken A-5.4.2 Interaction between the Workers and O O O O O the Public A-5.5 Road Closure and Detours O A-5.6 Graveyards and Burials O O O O O Protection wall require at km 1.5 A-5.7 Known Archaeological and Historic Sites O Chance Finds of Cultural Resources or Other O A-5.8 Socio-Economics Resources A-5.9 Gender Considerations O A-5.0 Employment O B-5.1 Maintenance of speed reduction Increased Road Accidents O O O O O measures,signs&warning,information campaigns to drivers &villagers B-5.2 Public Health and Safety During Maintenance B5 - Operation Maintenance Works Site Risks to Safety measures should be taken B-5.2.1 O O O O O Workers and the Public Health Risks from Compound Safety measures should be taken B-5.2.2 Sanitation and Communicable O O O O O Diseases B-5.3 Socio-Economic Benefits O Will improved B-5.4 Chance Finds of Cultural Resources or Other O Socio-Economic Resources RAP 56 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Negative Environmental &Social Impacts during Construction Phase These are impacts, which were identified through the assessmentprocess (see table 5.1above)as those which may have significant negative influence on the receiving biophysical and socio-economic environment, and for which mitigation measures have to be proposed and implemented. These impacts will be described in details referring to specific location of impacts along the route. 5.1.1 Land Resources A Temporary Land Use Temporary land use is related to the site for the storage of materials and equipment and contractor compound. These locationsare not site specific and can use vacant government land with the help of the Beneficiary Committee and Resident Engineer. This is a relatively minor problem in that; there is considerable flexibility from local council/beneficiary community as to where these sites may be located. B Slope Stabilization Slope stabilization is expected to occur in section 2 at km 5.1 of the alignment in the mountain area (Naqeel Al Arouq) as shown in photo 19 below. This impact is considered as medium, local and reversible. C Management of Construction Camp During the construction stage, solid and liquid waste, petroleum leakage and spills, and waste from workers facilities in the camp are expected. Quantities of these pollutants are very small. The risk of pollution can be minimized by implementing mitigation measures. D Disposal of cut material and surplus fill Large amount of cut material is generated in section 2 of the alignment from previous contract.However, this cut material could be used to level the existing surface according to the design level. This type of impact is minor and reversible. 5.1.2 Hydrology and Water Resources A Sources of Construction Water Water sources for construction are available from surface flows or water wells, which are located at the beginning of Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road alignment (first stage) at km0.5 in wadi Al Nkhlah. Gaining agreement to access these resources require negotiation with local communities. Any attempt by a contractor to access water in the region without prior approval or with limited approval would undoubtedly cause social unrest. This impact is considered as minor, local and reversible. RAP 57 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report BAlternation of Water Harvesting Patterns During field visit, several water streams and channels were found crossing the alignment near agricultural lands. Therefore, contractor must avoid damage and/or alternate the water harvesting patterns built by farmers. This impact is considered as medium, local, short-term and reversible. C Cross Drainage and Scour Effects on new fills In some areas where new fill is not adequately compacted, a large number of scour and cross drainage points was created on the road edge and also on the fill slope edge. There is a very high temporary water flow in some areas, which causes high energy water channels. This phenomenon was found at km (4.9 and 5.2) in section two on the road alignment. This impact is minor and reversible. Design measures have been taken to address these cases by reconstruction of the affected sections. See photo 22 below. D Discharge to Graveyards One Graveyard at km 1.5 (in Alqubah village)was found on the right side of the alignment as shown in photo 20 below. During previous road works, the top cover was removed by excavator machine causing the burial to be in loose state. The project will not have impacts on it. But consultation with the owner, a protection wall will be built to protect washes out top and side surface of the burial during rainy season. 5.1.3 Air Quality and Noise Nuisance A Dust and air pollution from Construction Machinery Construction activities such as clearing and grubbing, topsoil removal, trenching and storage as well as the movement of construction vehicles generate dust. The dust will influence the air quality in the immediate vicinity of the construction activity. This impact will be to some extent confined to the village located adjacent to the road. The nature of this impact is temporary, localized, minor and reversible. BNoise from the Construction Machinery Noise is generated by construction activities such as clearing and grubbing, layer works, trenching and cement / asphalt batching. Construction vehicles generate noise and quarrying for construction materials could also generate noise. The impact will be restricted to the construction site. It will be of short duration, limited to periods construction phase. Therefore, the nature of this impact is temporary, localized, minor and reversible. 5.1.4 Biological Resources Orod/Souq Al Horiah road alignment area does not traverse any known biodiversity hotspot. Moreover, the road alignment will remain strictly confined to the existing excavated road right-of- way. According to site visit of Orod/Souq Al Horiah road, there are no trees subject to cut and no biological assets or other vegetation will be cut or otherwise removed to construct the road alignment. Damage from dust during construction is also unlikely to be very significant. The most probable source of damage to vegetation resources will be the scour and erosion of materials caused by road drainage discharge. However, there is no significantdamage to thedomestic livestock that will be RAP 58 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report affected during the construction. The nature of this impact is temporary, localized, minor and reversible. 5.1.5 Socio-Economic and Cultural A Tribal tensions There are no known pre-existing conflicts or sources of tribal tension that could affect project implementation. The project camp site is not expected to create such tensions as it will be used by less than 30 workers. BDestruction of Utility Services There are few water pipes located on km 5.2 at Naqeel Al A’aruoqwhich belong to “Water Supply Project” of Al Aruoq village. The expected impact during construction is damage to water pipes and cut off water supply to nearby villages. This impact is considered major and reversible. (Seeplate 24 below). C Public Safety The road works will cause a short-term disruption to traffic and difficulties in crossing the road. The issue is of particular importance in the Alwadhyhah village where the road passes adjacent to school. It may create risk of accidents of schoolchildren. D Chance finds of cultural resources Cultural resources had been not identified along the road project, but there is still a chance that during the course of construction physical cultural heritage may be discovered. The project will also generate positive social impacts, including: E Job Opportunities A significant impact is the wealth expectation, which will be created by the improvement of the road project. Direct local community involvement must be prerequisite for the approval of the project. Unskilled laborers should be used during the construction process, and it could be recommended that laborers intensive construction methods be employed as far as possible, with an adequate transfer of skills. F Employment Creation Agriculture is seen as the backbone to the economy in Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road alignment area. Increased access will enable the easier dissemination and transfer of knowledge and modern technology to rural farming communities, thereby increasing productivity and effective land use management. F Market and Commerce Access Introducing Orod/Souq Al Horiah will open access for the bulk markets where the farmers can get use of these markets. Access to the region, traditional and rural landscape and other cultural features will RAP 59 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report increase tourism potential to the region greatly. The provision of strategically placed safe viewpoints will further enhance the tourism potential of the region. 2 1 Photo 19. Unstable slopes at km 5.1destroying both road alignment and agricultural land. Water pipes along the road. Photo 20. Graveyard and burial sites located along the road alignment. RAP 60 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Photo 21. Agricultural terraces located along the road alignment. RAP 61 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report 5.1.6 Gender considerations Women in the study area have a common life style and similar views on the key social issues and concerns. During the women consultation site visit to Orod/Souq Al Horiah (first stage) that was carried out by the social specialist of the study, three areas of benefitsrelated to the road improvement project were identified. A Marketing:Quick access to local markets is seen as important issue in reducing the price of goods to be purchased, improving options for selling products and reducing time spent unproductively on the road. B Education: Improved access and reduce journey times may permit more girls to attend school (preparatory and secondary school in particular) as it should increase the time available for the completion of their domestic duties. Over the longer term this should also help increase the numbers of women teachers. C Health: In this case women were very concerned over the lack of health services available to women in pregnancy and during delivery and in particular difficulty in accessing the hospitals in Al Horiah market or Taiz city when problems were experienced during the birth. Photo 23. Women and children crossing the road to get to water source. RAP 62 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Environmental Impacts during MaintenancePhase 5.1.7 Land Resources A Slope stabilization The risk of unstable slopes along the road alignment or in some locations along the alignment during maintenance phase will result road works on unstable slopes. The impact is minor and short term BAgricultural land or terrace damage during maintenance During maintenance phase damage to agricultural land and terraces could occur from using maintenance machinery or from uncontrolled fill and cut materials or other operations, such as cut and fill interference from maintenance machinery. In this case destructionof the terrace or agricultural lands will be limited and negligible. CMaintenance contractor site compounds, materials and equipment storage Effects on land resources can include pollution from inadequate compounds sanitation; disposal of solid and liquid waste. Maintenance compounds during operation will be less extensive than those during construction. Maintenance compounds during operation the road will have minor impact on workers or surrounding communities for the duration of the maintenance activity. 5.1.8 Hydrology and Water Resources AWater harvesting The existing water harvesting systems on the road alignment are quite simple being confined to direct transfer from the road alignment to terrace system and other agricultural land or to normal wadis.Those water-harvesting systems, which are scattered in many locations along the road alignmentmay be affected by the road maintenanceworks. The new paved road should not change the traditional way of water harvesting but it could be modified and improved to control the quantity of water to irrigate the terrace or other agricultural land. The nature of impact in general is positive. BBlockage of cross drains/culverts - Uncontrolled discharge The road alignment passes and crosses through wadis, which is subject to uncontrolled discharge as accrued in some parts of road alignment.In this situation draining channels are subject to erosion in some location, while in other locations subject to accumulation of sediments or debris.This impact is expected during the maintenance phase. Accordingly, continuouscleaning during the maintenance of culverts should take place to avoid accumulation of sediments or debris in such locations. Transportation of cuts and fills sediments after storms or floods may lead to sedimentation along wadis beds and block some culverts. This impact is considered minor and reversible. RAP 63 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report CErosion of road platform from drainage discharge Small channels crossing the road alignment had been identified along the road alignment.Those small channels during operation phase are subject to discharge from a high point to a lower section through these channels,which will rapidly erode the road bed, particularly if the new fill is unconsolidated or poorly consolidated.So maintenance during operation phase should take into account to solve this problem. In this case impact is minor and reversible DPollution from vehicle leakage or accidents with hazardous cargo Effects on land resources can include leakage of spills from petroleum products, paving or other maintenance material. However,hydrocarbon spills from poorly maintained construction vehicles could pollute the surface and groundwater. This is not considered a major threat, since the quantity of routine leakage are expected to be very small. The impact is limited minor and reversible. 5.1.9 Air Quality and Noise AAir Pollution from Road Works The maintenance activities would be mostly limited to labor works for cleaning cross and side drainage. In addition, limited equipment issometimes used for excavation activities and loading trucks. Accordingly, the amount of dust will have minor impact on air pollution.Also,the effect of the gaseous emission from loading trucks is limited and minor. B Noise Nuisance from Road Works As mentioned in B-3.1 above, very limited number of maintenance equipment and trucks are expected to be used during the maintenance activities. Consequently, the noise from this equipment will be more limited than during the construction phase, and will have a minor effect during the working hours.Moreover, it is not envisaged that the daily traffic flow will increase to such an extent that the noise level will present a problem. An improvement in the quality of the road will result in a decrease of noise. 5.1.10 BiologicalResources Increased Pressure on biological resources from Induced Development The project area does not have any known biological spot or historical sites. The road maintenance will not lead to fragmentation of habitats. Accordingly, the maintenance activities are not expected to have any negative impacts on any biological resources. 5.1.11 Socio-Economic and Cultural Socio-economic benefits will be expected to occur following the road improvement and during the operation phase. These benefits would include:  Reduce travel time and cost saving; RAP 64 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report  Improvement in social welfare and economic;  Improved accessibility to social services (health and education facilities, and markets);  Increased accessibility to villages and towns during both the dry and wet season by all vehicles types;  Increased safetydue to improved road surface;  Employment creation  Dust reduction RAP 65 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report 6. ENVIRONMENTAL&SOCIAL MANAGEMENTPLAN (ESMP) General This ESMP for Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road consists of the proposed mitigation measures to be consideredfor the road project and institutional arrangements for ensuring consistent implementation of the environmental and social management processes. The ESMP tables at the end of this chapter provide an overall summary of mitigation measures and responsibilities. Effectivemitigation measures have been developed to address potential environmental and social impacts as they may occur duringthe implementation of the road project (the construction and the maintenance phases).The monitoring plan is presented to ensure proper enforcement and (if needed) corrections of the mitigation measures (see monitoring plan tables in section 6.6 below). The ESMP table is presented in table 6.4 (for the Construction phase) and 6.5 (for the Maintenance phase). Mitigation Measures (MM) The mitigation plan isdivided into two parts:  Mitigation tools and types, and  Mitigation measures. The mitigation plans include measures to mitigate potential negative project effects and enhance its positive impacts during initial physical works and the maintenancephase of the project.The impacts degreeandmitigation measures are summarized in table6.1 below. Based on table 6.1 the estimated cost for mitigating the potential negative impacts areestimated to reach 197,000 USD. These are presented in more details in the ESMP. RAP 66 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Table 6.1Summary of impacts and mitigation measures. POTENTIAL IMPACT Degree ASPECT Item No. PHASE ISSUES MITIGATION MEASURES Major& Irreversible Minor & reversible Major & reversible A-1.1 Site survey Investigation Not applicable A-1.2 Permanent Land Acquisition A-1.2.1 Widening Enough width is available Pinch Point agricultural land & A-1.2.2 No agricultural land is taking Urban A-1.2.3 Local Re-Alignment / New Alignment Keeping existing track Vacant land in agreement with land A-1.2.4 Dumping Sites Expected O owners and restore it A-1.3 Temporary Land Acquisition A-1.3.1 Site Compound Expected O Mutual agreement with land owner A1 - Construction A-1.3.2 Diversion and Haul Road O No need for diversion Stabilize upslope in mountainous areas; design measures to minimize A-1.4 Slope Stabilization O adverse downstream impacts such as LAND RESOURCES protection walls A-1.5 Management of Construction Site Compound A-1.5.1 Solid and Liquid Waste Disposal O Management and Safety Plan for O Provision of adequate living and A-1.5.2 Petroleum Products and Paving sanitation facilities; adequate Material materials management and safety Safety and Emergency Response O plan; handover of rehabilitated A-1.5.3 Procedures compound site. A-1.5.4 Living and Sanitation Facilities O A-1.5.5 Rehabilitation of Site O Controlled disposal of cut materialand A-1.6 Disposal of Cut Material and Surplus Fill Expected O surplus fill, vacant land A-1.7 Borrow Pits and Quarry Areas O Few quarry material is required O Regular maintenance of protection B- 1.1 Slope Stabilization works B1 – Operation Agricultural Land or Terrace Damage During O Control equipment operation B- 1.2 Maintenance O Limit site compound, adequate Maintenance of Contractor Site Compound, B- 1.3 sanitation & adequate materials Material and Equipment Storage storage B- 1.4 Management of Induced Development Not applicable RAP 67 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report POTENTIAL IMPACT Degree Major& Irreversible ASPECT Item No. PHASE Minor & reversible Major & reversible ISSUES MITIGATION MEASURES Appropriate sourcing of water suggested at A-2.1 Sources of Construction water Expected O Wadi Al Nkhlah and prior arrangements with communities. Pollution from Waste water Diesel or Asphalt Keeping vehicles and machines in good A2 - Design / Construction A-2.2 Spills from Site Compound and Machinery technical conditions. A-2.3 Flood Protection in Wadi HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES O Incorporate current water harvesting practices into design; use of irrigation pipes; A-2.4 Alteration of Water Harvesting Patterns improvement of channel performance by riprap work. Appropriate drainage design; use of culverts, Irish crossings, protection walls, A-2.5 Cross Drainage and Scour Effects O riprap, side drainage ditches and outlets; tree planting. Appropriate positioning and design of A-2.6 Discharge to Adjacent Lands: O drainage structures; protection walls or riprap. O Regular monitoring &maintenance of water B-2.1 Water Harvesting harvesting structures O Regular cleaning& maintenance of B2 – Operation Blockage of Cross Drainage / Culverts from B-2.2 drainagestructures avoid uncontrolled Uncontrolled Discharged community discharge O Maintenance of retaining structures , Erosion of Road Platform from Drainage B-2.3 walls,gabions,riprap&planting of grasses Discharge &shrubs Pollution from Vehicles Diesel and Oil Spills O Contact Authorize agency &timely clean up B-2.4 or Accidents with Hazardous Cargo following accidents O Water spraying during operations; dust A3 - Design / Construction AIR QUALITY AND NOISE NUISANCE emission controls on crushers and other Dust & Potential Pollution from Construction equipment; Preferably, locate heaps away A-3.1 Machinery, Stored Materials and Spoil Heaps from communities and farmlands; cover material-laden trucks; control of fugitive dust during material delivery. A-3.2 Smoke from Burning of Waste Materials O Noise control devices (such as silencers) on A-3.3 Noise Nuisance from increased traffic compressors, percussion tools; avoid equipment use after working hours. Regular maintenance of the road surface Operation B-3.1 Air Pollution from Traffic O Expected + &shoulders B3- Regular maintenance of the road surface& B-3.2 Noise Nuisance from traffic O Expected + warning signs near the sensitive region. RAP 68 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report POTENTIAL IMPACT Degree ASPECT Item No. Major& Irreversible PHASE Minor & reversible Major & reversible ISSUES MITIGATION MEASURES Conversion or Degradation of a Critical or non- Construction BIOLOGICAL RESOURSES A-4.1 Critical Natural Habitats A4 - Damage to Biological Resources by Construction Not applicable A-4.2 Equipment Damage to Biological Resources by Construction A-4.3 Workers Increased Pressure on Biological Resources from B-4.1 Operatio Induced Development B4- B-4.1.1 Animal Road Kill Not applicable B-4.1.2 Destruction of Vegetation No conflicts or tribal tension A-5.1 Tribal Tensions A-5.2 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Alignment already excavated. Relocation of utility; precautionary Destruction or Re-Location of Utility Services ( A-5.3 O measures with construction machinery Water Pipes) during operations. A-5.4 Public Health and Safety at Construction Site Safety rules for work operations, such as Safety and Health for the Construction equipment operation procedures, protective A-5.4.1 O hard hats, shoes and clothing for workers; Workers SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL first aid and medical kits and procedures; health and safety regulations clearly displayed in English and Arabic. A5 - Construction Public Safety at the Site and Interaction Public health and safety measures, such as A-5.4.2 O barriers and warning signs to borrow areas between the Workers and the Public or other dangerous zones;information campaigns on health practices and communicable diseases. Traffic management; define closures and A-5.5 Road Closure and Detours O detours with Beneficiary Committee; install and maintain warning guides to drivers. Avoid disturbance through constructed A-5.6 Graveyards and Burials O protection wall Not applicable A-5.7 Known Archaeological and Historic Sites Chance Finds of Cultural Resources or Other Fallows stage of protection acquisition A-5.8 Socio-economic resources Incorporate women’s consultations concerns A-5.9 Gender Considerations O Expected + into ESMP. Mechanisms to maximize local employment A-5.0 Employment O Expected + benefits explored during consultations. RAP 69 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report ASPEC PHASE POTENTIAL IMPACT Degree Item No. Major& Irreversible Minor & reversible Major & reversible ISSUES MITIGATION MEASURES B-5.1 Maintenance of speed reduction measures, Increased Road Accidents ● signs& warning, information campaigns to drivers &villagers B-5.2 Public Health and Safety During Maintenance Safety rules for work operations, such as Maintenance Works Site Risks to equipment operation procedures, safety S0CIO-eCONOMIC B-5.2.1 ● B5 – Operation Workers and the Public barriers, warning signs, protective hard hats, shoes and clothing for workers; first aid and medical kits and procedures; appointment of Safety Officer. Health Risks from Compound B-5.2.2 ● Information campaigns on health practices Sanitation and Communicable Diseases and communicable diseases; health and safety regulations clearly displayed in English and Arabic. B-5.3 Socio-Economic Benefits O Expected + Monitoring of benefits. B-5.4 Chance Finds of Cultural Resources or Other Not applicable Socio-Economic Resources RAP 70 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report MitigationMeasures for Impacts duringConstruction Phase Mitigations measuresduring the construction phase were developed through environmentally-sound technical designs and good practice related to the conduct of design and construction activities. 6.1.1 MM for Impacts on Land Resources ATemporary Land Use Sitesfor the storage of material and equipment:The location for the storage of materials and equipment must be negotiated with the local communities and community leaders. The site must be clean all the time and avoid spillage of oil/fuel, solid and liquid waste disposal, and living area as specified under Health and Safety requirements in Volume II of the bidding document. Diversion for Traffic All diverted routes during the implementation of culverts must be rehabilitated and restored to its initial conditions. B Slope stabilization Discharge to unconsolidated slopes should be taken into account. Where such sites exist and there is an apparent threat of scour to the roadbed; appropriate remedial measures should be designed to stabilize upper in mountainous areas. Such measures are to build retaining walls and plant the side slopes if possible so as to stabilize the slopes. C Management of contractors’ site compound The management of construction camps throughout the project construction phase has to be managed effectively. Construction camps will have a significant impact on the surrounding communities for the duration of the construction activity. Therefore, the Contractor must supply the workers with living and sanitation facilities and also have a plan for solid and liquid waste disposal. At the end of the construction phase, the site should be returned to a condition similar to that prior to the project. D Controlled disposal of cut material and surplus fill The locations of the disposal sites should be approved by the RE, and the Beneficiary Committee and/or local authority. The Contractor shall avoid dumping excavated materials onto adjacent farmlands or terraces. The disposed material from previous contract could be used as fill material as instructed by Resident Engineer. 6.1.2 MM for Impacts on Hydrology and Water Resource ASourcing of construction water Contractor will be required to detail water demands and intended sources of water before construction RAP 71 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report starts.Ifwater resources are available within the alignment area, the Contractor shall obtain access authorization for use of water resources. If water resources are not available, new and alternative water resources must be used during the construction phase such as sourcing of water at wadi Al Nkhlahor new borehole resources are to be utilized. On completion of the construction phase the boreholes must be handed over to the local communities, and provided with hand pumps for their utilization. BIncorporate water harvesting practice into design All designs shall take into account current water harvesting practices as they relate to the road alignment. Appropriate road drainage design should be made through the construction of irrigation pipes and improving the channel performance by side ditches and/or riprap work. CReduce cross draining and scour effects Appropriatedrainagedesign will be needed in all locations which requirereducing cross drainage and scouringeffected along the road alignment. This design includes: use of culverts, Irish crossings, protection walls, riprap, side drainage ditches and outlets, tree planting. D Reduce discharge to Graveyard One graveyard is found at km 1.5 which is subjected to water flow from the top mountain. The mitigation measures is to protect the graveyard by fixing the loose material around the graveyard and build a protection wall to avoid scouring effect during rainy seasons. Appropriate positioning and design of drainage structures are required to prevent or minimize discharge to adjacent areas, especially those prone to erosion. 6.1.3 MMfor Impacts on Air Quality and Noise ALimit dust and potential pollutants from construction machinery, stored materials and spoil heaps The major effects on air quality during construction would be an increase in suspended particles from excavation as well as movement of heavy machinery and trucks over unpaved roads and the resultant dust caused when all traffic is diverted to unpaved detours. Many of these operations will take place near the populated settlements. The Contractor shall take all necessary measures to limit pollution from dust and any windblown materials during the works and dust suppression to be conducted such spraying water on road surface, cleaning of tires, and covering of trucks carrying fine, loose construction materials. Construction activities should occur only along alignment or within construction camp. Natural vegetation must be left as erosion protection. Construction workers should follow prescribed precautions when working in dusty conditions. B Noise control The noise should be minimized during construction. Working hours should be restricted to day light RAP 72 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report hours to reduce impacts on the neighboring residences at night.All machinery and plant should be conforming to regional noise reduction standards. They must be well maintained and regularly serviced. 6.1.4 MM for Impacts on Biological Resources A Conversion or degradation of critical or non-critical habitats No biological assets will be affected.Damage from dust during construction is also unlikely to be very significant. The mitigation measures for vegetation resources are to avoid disturbance or damage to such places. Also, avoid the scour and erosion due to colluvial material caused by road drainage discharge. B Limit damage to biological resources by construction equipment In general, potential impacts of construction equipment on vegetation and animals should be avoided through realignment or restoration of nests, dens or other small animal habitats. 6.1.5 MM for Impacts on Socio-Economic and Cultural Resources ATribal tensions There are no known pre-existing conflicts or sources of tribal tension that could affect project implementation. Any problem during construction phase should be negotiated with the Beneficiary Committee (BC) and according to duties of the (BC) spelled out in the Social Framework Agreement (SFA). BUtility services Precautionary measures shall be taken to avoid interference with utilities such as water pipelines located on km 5.2 at Naqeel Al Arouq. Services falling within the right of way shall be removed andrelocated by contractor. The relocation of water pipes should be arranged and collaboration with the local authority toavoids tribal tension. C Public safety Traffic accidents, especially potentially involving schoolchildren inAlwadhyhah should be avoided during the road construction phase by imposing temporary speed limits, warning traffic signs, speed bumps and safe road passages. C Use of archeological “chance find” procedures Cultural resources have not been identified along the road project, but there is still a chance that during the course of construction physical cultural heritage can be discovered.In this case, the Supervision agency will contact and work with archeological authorities to protect those acquisitions. RAP 73 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Mitigations Measures during Maintenance Phase 6.1.6 MMfor Impacts on Land Resources A Maintain and monitor slope stabilization measures Unstable slopes must be protected by appropriate designs that minimize adverse downstream impacts. These areas shall be regularly maintained and monitored as part of maintenance operations. B Avoid damage to terraces and agricultural lands during maintenance Cut, fill and equipment operations should be controlled during maintenance to avoid damage to terraces and agricultural lands. CManagement of maintenance site compounds, materials and equipment storage The workers maintenance camp has to be managed effectively. The Contractor must supply the workers with living and sanitation facilities and also have a plan for solid and liquid waste disposal. 6.1.7 MMfor Impacts on Hydrology and Water Resources AWater Harvesting Regular monitoring and maintenance of water harvesting structures is required during the operation phase in collaboration with the local farmers and Beneficiary Committee and Local Council. B Maintain cross drains/culverts Regular cleaning for all cross drains, culverts and other drainage structures shall be carried out as part of maintenance operations, in collaboration with the Beneficiary Committee. C Maintain road protection and other structures Regular maintenance for all retaining structures, such as walls, gabions, riprap, etc. will be carried out as part of maintenance operations, in collaboration with the Beneficiary Committee. 6.1.8 MM for Impacts on Air Quality and Noise A Air quality measures During maintenance activities, minimum impact would be expected because most of the activities would be labor works. The mitigation measures for minimizing the emission from excavators and loading trucks is by regular maintenance and servicing the equipment. B Noise reduction measures There are several sensitive noise receptors that include schools and religious places in and around the project construction areas. Therefore, in order to reduce noise level due to maintenance machinery, it is recommended to maintain the equipment in good conditions and stick to normal working hours. RAP 74 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report 6.1.9 MM for Impacts on Biological Resources Reduce induced impacts on flora and fauna Potential induced impacts, such as increased wood cutting, shall be addressed through community awareness and regular monitoring. The risk of increased road kills of domestic livestock shall be addressed through the maintenance of speed reduction measures at appropriate locations. Such measures shall be maintained, monitored and, if necessary adapted to actual needs. 6.1.10 MMfor Impacts on Socio-Economic Accident Reduction Measures The most obvious potential for accidents and risks will arise during the operation of the road. To reduce road accidents and fatalities resulting from increased traffic and high speed, speed humps and vertical and horizontal traffic signs shall be maintained during the operational period. MM for Impacts of SocialIssues Social impact during the maintenance phase will be very limited compared to the construction phase. They will be managed primarily through Social Framework Agreement (SFA) between MPWH represented by (RAP-CMO) and BeneficiaryCommittee(BC) of Shra'ab Aslam District. Monitoring Plan(MP)for Environmental &Social Impacts 6.1.11 Monitoring Program forEnvironmental Impacts The Environmental and Social Unit (E&SU) withinthe Rural Access Program Central Management Office (RAPCMO) is responsible for implementing the Monitoring Program of the environmental and social impacts. This Unit shall monitor applications of environmental measures during design/construction and operation/maintenance phases of the road. The results of the monitoring activities shall be included as routine elements of reports prepared by the supervising engineer and the RE.The monitoring program will comprise only site inspections designed to determine contractor compliance or otherwise with the ESMP and other applicable regulations and statutes. Monitoring program is designed to provide quantitative assessments of environmental parameters under pre and post project implementations. The proposed site inspections should be carried out on a regular basis but not necessarily to a structured pattern. However, as a minimum, the program outlined in table 6.2below should be observed. The cost of the monitoring activities during the construction phase will include primarily full time monitoring expert, cost of vehicle fuel and camera. Such cost is expected to reach 30,000 USD. Tables6.2 and 6.3present monitoring program for environmental and social impacts during construction and maintenance phases. RAP 75 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Table 6.2 Monitoring Program for environmental and social impacts during the Construction Phase Contractor Condition Location Item No. Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Activities/Impacts Schedule visits activities measures Responsibility Compliance Incompliance Phase A-1.2 Sits inspection Permanent land acquisition. Vacant land for (Materials prepare in right Weekly inspection dumping excess manner). No dumping depend on contractor A-1.2.4 Dumping Sites. excavated materials. excavated materials to schedule works adjacent agricultural land A-1.3 Temporary land acquisition Sits inspection Determine suitable place Site Compound (Conditions of sanitation Construction Activities A-1.3.1 for site compound. removed to landfill or septic Daily inspection Determine& open Where impact occurs tank). diversions at suitable Diversions and haul road A-1.3.2 Diversion and Haul Road. places used for traffic EE & RE A-1.4 Implementing all Daily inspection Sits inspection Slope stabilization activities related to depend on contractor (Slopes stabilize) protection works schedule work Management of Construction Site Cleaning the A-1.5 Compound accommodation Sits inspection A-1.5.1 Solid and Liquid Waste Disposal including: sanitation Provision of adequate living facilities, garbage, and sanitation facilities; Weekly unexpected Management and Safety Plan for leakage petroleum adequate materials visit A-1.5.2 Petroleum Products and Paving products &paving management and safety Material material plan for petroleum products A-1.5.4 Living and Sanitation Facilities Materials transported Sits inspection A-1.6 Disposal of Cut material and by trucks boxes should Depend on contractor disposal of cut material and surplus fill be covered to avoid schedule work surplus fill are Controlled. loose RAP 76 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Item No. PHASE Contractor Condition Location Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Activities Schedule visits activities measures Responsibility Compliance Incompliance Site inspection observe Wadi Water level A-2.1 Sources of Construction water Pumping water Al Daily Water quality Nkhlah Sources is protect A-2.2 Site inspection Refueling& vehicles, observe Pollution from waste , diesel or asphalt machines maintenance& management of vehicles& Daily spills from site compound and machinery asphalt, lubricants, fuel machines maintenance spills workshop materials storage Construction Activities to avoid pollution soil water Site inspection Protection& drainage adverse impacts at Daily inspection during A-2.3 Flood protection in Wadi discharge works downstream is minimize the rainy season Where impact occurs EE &RE Construction culvert Site inspection Daily inspection depend pipes, riprap A-2.4 Alteration of water harvesting patterns channels performance is on contractor schedule work.ditches& used improved work irrigation pipes Construction culverts, Irish crossings, Site inspection Daily inspection depend A-2.5 Cross drainage and scour effects protection walls, riprap, Cross drainage on contractor schedule side drainage ditches performance is improved work shrubs& tree planting. A-2.6 Discharge to adjacent lands: A-2.6.1 Discharge to Unstable Slopes Site inspection drainage structures; Daily inspection depend water discharge to A-2.6.2 Discharge to Rock Surface protection walls or on contractor schedule agriculture land is A-2.6.3 Discharge to Channel in a Stack riprap(it right location) improved work A-2.6.5 Discharge to Terraces RAP 77 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Contractor Condition Item No. PHASE Location Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Activities Schedule visits activities measures Responsibility Compliance Incompliance Crushers& equipment heaps away from communities Dust & pollution from construction cover material-laden Site inspection Daily inspection depend Construction Activities A-3.1 machinery, stored materials and spoil trucks, control of observe on contractor schedule heaps fugitive dust during (air qualities is improved) work Where impact occurs material delivery. Water spraying on the site & emission controls EE &RE Site inspection Daily inspection depend Prohibition of burning A-3.2 Smoke from burning of waste materials observe on contractor schedule waste material. (air qualities is improved) work Site inspection observe Using well-maintained Movements of Machines, &silenced equipment Daily inspection depend A-3.3 Noise Nuisance from site construction Equipment& operating within existing on contractor schedule Plants operation noise control regulation work limiting work hours near residential region Noise Nuisance will reduce RAP 78 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Item No. PHASE Contractor Condition Location Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Activities Schedule visits activities measures Responsibility Compliance Incompliance Damage to biological resources by A-4.2 construction Equipment ___ Not applicable. ___ Damage to biological resources by A-4.3 construction workers No land subject to A-5.2 Land acquisition ___ ___ Acquisition Destruction or re-location of utility removed& Site inspection observe Construction Activities Depend on contractor A-5.3 services ( water pipes) relocation of operate water supply to Where impact occurs schedule work ( water pipes) community A-5.4 Site inspection EE &RE Observe is there obligation to follow safety rules works operation for equipment&workers. Are there available of Depend on contractor Public health and safety at construction first aid and medical kits, schedule work site:- health &safety regulations + -Safety and health for the construction work operations Independent visit to workers at construction site Public health and safety villages for -Public safety at the site and interaction measures, such as barriers campaigns on health between the workers and the public and warning signs to practices borrow areas or other dangerous zones. Information campaigns on health practices and communicable diseases. RAP 79 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report It is also anticipated that additional inspections may be required in response to complaints by local communities (if any). The contract documents and operating agreements shall incorporate a phrase with similar intent to that outlined below. Any officer authorized in writing by the MPW&H or Environmental Protection Authority (EPA), may at any time enter any premises whether prescribed or otherwise and may:  Examine and inspect equipment, control equipment, monitoring equipment or plant. Take samples of any pollutants that are emitted, discharged or deposited, or are likely to be or are of a class or kind that are usually emitted, discharged or deposited from such premises.  Examine any books, records or documents relating to the performance or use of such equipment, control equipment, monitoring equipment or plant or relating to the emission, discharge or deposit from such premises.  Photograph such premises as he considers necessary or make copies of any book, records or documents seen in the course of such examination. After construction, the road will require only limited maintenance. There are no facilities, maintenance yards or any other sites proposed to be developed specifically for the project operation and maintenance. Therefore, there will be no requirement for a fixed program of site inspections during this phase. Resources should however be made available from the Road Maintenance Fund for a limited program of random inspections intended to ensure that maintenance contractors comply with the procedures outlined for all contractors with regard to such matters as waste materials disposal, and the application of appropriate health and safety measures. Table 6.4 below shows the steps of monitoring program during operation/maintenance phase RAP 80 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Table 6.3Monitoring Program for environmental and social impacts during the MaintenancePhase Item No. PHASE Location Contractor Condition Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Activities Schedule visits activities measures Responsibility Compliance Incompliance Regular maintenance of Sits inspection B- 1.1 Slope Stabilization B1 – Maintenance protection works Slop is control Where impact occurs Agricultural Land or Terrace Damage general maintenance of the Sits inspection Control Road Maintenances B- 1.2 Routine maintenance During Maintenance road equipment operation Activities activities Periodic Sewage& garbage pollution Sits inspection Limit site maintenance Maintenance of Contractor Site Compound, Spills from construction compound, adequate B- 1.3 Material and Equipment Storage equipment operation sanitation & adequate Fund servicing materials storage Construction Shops Sits inspection Land use B- 1.4 Management of Induced Development Petrol station planning not applicable House. Regular maintenance of Site inspection B-2.1 Water Harvesting B2– Maintenance water harvesting structures Water harvesting is improved Regular maintenance of Activities Blockage of Cross Drainage / Culverts from drainage structures& Sits inspection unblock age B-2.2 Uncontrolled Discharged avoid uncontrolled Cross Drainage / Culverts community discharge Maintenance of retaining Erosion of road platform from drainage structures , Sits inspection B-2.3 Discharge walls,gabions,riprap&plant Erosion is control ing of grasses &shrubs RAP 81 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Item No. PHASE Location Contractor Condition Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Activities Schedule visits activities measures Responsibility Compliance Incompliance Pollution from Vehicles Diesel and Oil Accidents with Timely clean up following B-2.4 Spills or Accidents with hazardous hazardous Cargo or Routine maintenance activities Periodic accidents Cargo Diesel and Oil Spills Road Maintenances Fund B-3.1 Air pollution from increased traffic Traffic movement Not applicable Where impact is occurs B2– Maintenance Activities Noise Nuisance from increased B-3.2 Traffic movement Not applicable traffic maintenance Increased Pressure on biological B-4.1 resources from Induced Development: Induced Not applicable - Animal Road Kill Development. -Destruction of Vegetation Maintenance of speed reduction measures, B-5.1 Increased Road Accidents Traffic movement signs& warning, information campaigns to drivers &villagers. Public Health and Safety During Maintenance Maintenance: Safety rules for work B-5.2 Activities operations RAP 82 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report 6.1.12 Monitoring Program forSocio-Economic Impacts The Environmental and Social Unit (E&SU) within the Rural Access Program Central Management Office (RAPCMO) is also responsible for Monitoring Program of the socio-economic indicators. The monitoring program is designed to provide quantitative assessments of socio-economic parameters under post project implementation. The program is proposed to monitor key social development and economic indicators as a means of defining overall project performance. These indicators include:  Transport rates for goods and passengers  Prices of essential commodities  Access time from project affected communities to the closest market and services. Other poverty and gender indicators. The baseline data for monitoring of these indicators will collect when the road construction phase is completed. Institutional Arrangements 6.1.13 ManagementResponsibility Responsibility for environmental management will rest with agencies of the MPWH: A The Executing Agency; MPWH B Supervising Agency; MPWH (CMO) C Monitoring Agency; RAP-CMO (Environmental and Social Unit–E&SU) A Executing Agency. The Ministry of Public Works and Highways (MPWH) shall be the Executing Agency and shall assume overall responsibility for ensuring that:  The design and assessment of the physical work is accordance with Yemeni Environmental Norms, Regulations and Requirements.  The project is implemented in accordance with the Environment &Social Management Plan (ESMP) activities during construction. Consulting Design Engineers will assist the executing agency by providing alternative line designs. The CMO is responsible preparation of the bidding documents with specific actions taking into account environmental protection requirements. Contractors will be responsible for the implementation of works in accordance with the environmental requirements specified in the bidding documents. B Supervising Agency. The Construction Management Office (CMO) will be the Supervising Agency and will be responsible for the timely and sound execution of works and activities in sequence under the project ESMP. RAP 83 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report C Monitoring Agency. The Environmental and Social Unit (E&SU) shall monitor project performance. The function of this Unit shall include:  Review and approve Environmentaland SocialImpacts Assessments (ESIA) Reports and Environmental &Social Management Plans (ESMP) for all rural roads to be improved under the Program.  Monitor the compliance with the ESIA and ESMP by the various entities involved in the implementation of the construction program and post construction.  Collect data and document project performance against agreed environmental and social criteria. Post construction road maintenance activities will be implemented in co-ordination with the Road Maintenance Fund (RMF) and those institutions responsible for road safety. 6.1.14 Institutional Strengthening Institutional strengthening activities would be necessary to facilitate implementation of the ESMP. The staff of Environmental and Social Unit willbe training individual consultants & students from Engineering College Sana’a University to carry out ESIA and ESMP reports during Phase I&2 of the program. 6.1.15 Reporting and Supervision A Reporting After each inspection a report shall be compiled that is location and activity specific. This shall identify areas of contractor non-compliance with the ESMP and provide guiding remarks on actions to be taken. The significance of the non-compliance shall also be noted. The E&SU shall prepare these reports and inform the supervision consultant to follow-up with the contractor to comply with all ESMP items or otherwise action would be taken. The CMO will include in their routine reports a summary status of activities related to the ESMP.As necessary, supplemental reports with greater detail than the routine reports should also be prepared. B Supervision The Supervision Plan for the Project should include provisions for the participation the World Bank Environmental Staff during supervision missions, as appropriate and subject to available funding, to review progress in implementation of the ESMP. The performance of the CMO in the implementation of these activities under the Project will be a standard element of supervision mission reports prepared by theWB environmental staff. RAP 84 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Table 6.4 Summary of ESMP during Construction Phase Mitigations Responsibility Project Activity Quantity Cost USD Mitigation Measures Implementation Monitoring A.1 Land Resources A.1.1 Temporary land use Siting of site compounds, diversions and Will be part of haul roads; traffic management. the contract. RE, BC & Contractor & SFA obligation - Bidders will be Contractor able to cost this item in their bids. A.1.2 Slope stabilization atstation Stabilize upslope in mountainous areas at 4,350 Cu.m 5+100 Naqeel Al Arouq; design measures to Structural minimize adverse downstream impacts. Excavation 1300 Such measures are to build retaining + + DE,RE & walls, protection barriers or gabion mesh 2,850 Cu.m 14,000 Contractor works. Or to plant side slope with grass Stone + and natural shrubs. + 8250 740 Cu.m RE Boulder A.1.3 Contractor site compounds, Provision of adequate living and + materials and equipment storage, sanitation facilities; adequate materials Project Officer Will be part of (Solid and Liquid Waste Disposal, management and safety plan; handover of + the contract. Management and Safety Plan for rehabilitated compound site. The RE & Contractor E&S Unit - Bidders will be Petroleum Products and Paving contractor is responsible to keep the camp able to cost this Material, Living and Sanitation clean from oil spillage and waste disposal item in their bids. Facilities, Rehabilitation of Site). (liquid or solid). A.1.4 Disposal of cut materials and Controlled disposal of cut material and surplus fill – agricultural land surplus fill and enforce the contractor to destruction (figs. 4,5, main route and find suitable places such as vacant land RE & Contractor 8,150 Cu.m 450 fig. 4 branch), from 3+150 to 7+125 and to furnish this material so it won’t (main route) and from 1+775 to 2+050 have an impact on the environment. (Jarah branch) A.1.5 Borrow pits and quarry areas Prudent selection of site (Wadi Al Afuosh-dry wadi bed); RE & Contractor 1,500 Cu.m 950 Management during use and need for reinstatement. A.2 Hydrology and Water Resources A.2.1 Sources of construction water Appropriate sourcing of water and prior arrangements with communities. Gaining water is the responsibility of the RE, BC & 120 tanks 2,000 contractor; he can buy from water pump Contractor station at 2+800 or from the bottom of the wadi below the alignment. A.2.2 Pollution of water resources Measures to prevent groundwater or from solid or liquid disposal, diesel surface water contamination. The RE or oil spills from site compounds provision of containers for camp waste RE & Contractor + - 2,000 and machinery disposal and fueling and oil change in Project Officer specified location as a general practice. + A.2.3 Alteration of water harvesting Incorporate current water harvesting 4,350 Cu.m E&S Unit patterns at km 2.3. practices into design; use of irrigation Structural pipes; improvement of channel Excavation 1300 performance by riprap work. + + RE & Contractor 250 Cu.m 31,150 Concrete + + 21,500 410 Cu.m Cyclopean RAP 85 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Mitigations Responsibility Project Activity Quantity Cost USD Mitigation Measures Implementation Monitoring A.2.4 Wadi cross drainage and scour Appropriate drainage design; use of 4,350 Cu.m effects on new fill at 4.9&5.2 culverts, Irish crossings, protection walls, Structural riprap, side drainage ditches and outlets; Excavation 1300 and planting. + + 250 Cu.m 31,150 Concrete RE & Contractor + + 21,500 410 Cu.m + Cyclopean 9,700 + 300 Cu.m Gabions A.2.6 Discharge to: Appropriate positioning and design of 4,350 Cu.m - New fill drainage structures; protection walls or Structural 1300 - Unstable slopes riprap. Excavation + - Graveyards RE & Contractor 2,850 Cu.m 14,000 - Agriculture terraces at km 3.450 Stone + 740 Cu.m 8250 Boulder A.3 Air Quality and Noise A.3.1 Dust & potential pollutants Water spraying during maintenances; tire Water incl. in from construction machinery, stored washing, dust emission controls on A.2.1. Otherwise, material and spoil heaps crushers and other equipment; Preferably, will be part of the locate heaps away from communities and RE & Contractor - contract. Bidders RE farmlands; cover material-laden trucks; will be able to + control of fugitive dust during material cost this item in Project Officer delivery. their bids. + A.3.2 Noise Nuisance Noise control devices (such as silencers) Will be part of E&S Unit on compressors, percussion tools; avoid the contract. equipment use after working hours. RE & Contractor - Bidders will be able to cost this item in their bids. A.4 Socio-Economic and Cultural Resources A.5.3 Destruction or relocation of Relocation of utility as a pay item utility services (water pipes). included in the sub-project cost. RE & Contractor 1,000 l/m 7,000 At km 5.2 and km 7.2 A.5.4 Public health and safety at Safety rules for work maintenances, such construction site as equipment maintenance procedures, protective hard hats, shoes and clothing -Safety and health for the for workers; first aid and medical kits and construction workers. procedures; health and safety regulations Will be part of clearly displayed in English and Arabic. the contract. RE & Contractor - Bidders will be -Public safety at the site and Public health and safety measures, such able to cost this interaction between the workers andas barriers and warning signs to borrow item in their bids. areas or other dangerous zones; speed the public (especially schoolchildren RE in the village of Alwadhyhah) limits, traffic signs, speed bumps, safe + passages. Project Officer Information campaigns on health + practices and communicable diseases. E&S Unit A.5.5 Graveyards and burials at km Avoid disturbance through the use of 4,350 Cu.m 1.5 stone pavement to safe burials; and avoid Structural drainage flooding and use barriers during Excavation 1300 construction. + + RE & Contractor 2,850 Cu.m 14,000 Stone + + 8250 740 Cu.m Boulder RAP 86 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Mitigations Responsibility Project Activity Quantity Cost USD Mitigation Measures Implementation Monitoring A.5.6 Chance finds of Cultural Will be part of Resources or other socio-economic Application of Chance Find Procedures to the contract. resources assess requirements and implement - Bidders will be RE & Contractor mitigation. able to cost this item in their bids. A.5.7 Gender considerations Women’s consultations and incorporate Will be part of concerns into ESMP. Most of the the contract. concerns were to implement humps near RE & Contractor - Bidders will be crossings to schools or daily women able to cost this activities, install warning signs and some item in their bids. protection barriers. A.5.8 Employment Mechanisms to maximize local employment benefits explored during RE & Contractor - No cost consultations. TOTAL ESTIMATED COST OF MITIGATION MEASURES: 201,000 RAP 87 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Table 6.5 Summary of ESMP during Maintenance Phase Mitigation Responsibility Activities Measures should be taken Implementation Monitoring B.1 Land Resources B.1.1 Slope stabilization Regular maintenance of stabilization measures; protection works B.1.2 Agricultural land or terrace Controlled disposal of cut and fill during damage during maintenance maintenance. Road Controlled equipment operations. Contractor &Local Maintenance Authority B.1.3 Maintenance contractor site Provision of adequate living and sanitation Fund compounds, materials and facilities. equipment storage Adequate materials management and safety plan; Limitation of construction site. B.1.4 Management of induced Land use planning and zoning for intersections and development village extensions. B.2 Hydrology and Water Resources B.2.1 Water harvesting Regular maintenance of water harvesting structures. B.2.2 Blockage of cross Regular maintenance of drainage structures. Drains/culverts Avoid uncontrolled community discharges. Uncontrolled discharge Road B.2.3 Erosion of road platform Maintenance of retaining structures, such as walls, Contractor &Local from drainage discharge gabions, riprap; planting of shrubs and grasses. Authority Maintenance Fund B.2.4 Pollution from vehicle Timely clean up following accidents. diesel and oil spills or accidents with hazardous cargo. B.3 Air Quality and Noise B.3.1 Air pollution from Vehicle maintenance; enforcement of emission increased traffic controls; lead free fuels. Ministry of Transport N.A. B.3.2 Noise Nuisance Speed controls in populated areas; signs and warnings in sensitive areas; driver information/education campaigns. B. 4 Biological Resources B.4.1 Increased pressure on Maintenance of speed reduction measures, signs biological resources from induced and warnings; planned development of growth Road development areas; educational campaigns. Contractor &Local Authority Maintenance - Animal road kill - Destruction of vegetation Fund B.5 Socio-Economic and Cultural Resources B.5.1 Increased road accidents Maintenance of speed reduction measures, signs and warnings; Information campaigns to drivers and at villages. B. 5.2 Public health and safety Safety rules for work operations, such as equipment during maintenance operation procedures, safety barriers, warning signs, Road protective hard hats, shoes and clothing for workers; Contractor &Local Maintenance -Maintenance works site risks to first aid and medical kits and procedures; workers and the public appointment of Safety Officer. Authority Fund -Health risks from compound Information campaigns on health practices and sanitation and communicable communicable diseases; diseases Health and safety regulations clearly displayed in English and Arabic. B.5.3 Socio Economic Benefits Monitoring of benefits. Consultants, E&SU B.5.4 If Chance finds of Cultural Application of Chance Find Procedures to assess Resources or other socio- requirements and implement mitigation. Contractor RMF& economic resources GOAMM RAP 88 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report 7. SOCIAL CONSULTATIONS 7.1 Consultation Program Consultationswere carried out with both men and women. The consultations program had multiple objectives:  To establish from regional stakeholders their concerns of key development issues and their linkages to the environment and social development;  To provide a forum for the initial definition of critical environmental and social issues;  To confirm the suitability of the initial list of beneficiary’s communities selected for consultations and;  To obtain assistance by contacting leading members of target communities whenever necessary. The program involved a program of semi-structured discussions with communities in the affected road areas. The consultations were carried out for men during the preparation of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study. Researcher used the following tools to collect information for the study: meetings, questionnaire surveys and photographic evidence. 7.2 MenConsultations Consultations with men from the selected local areas along the road were conducted in December 2012. The consultation was carried out in two villagesAl Wadhyha village and Suoq Al Horiah Due to the fact that most of the respondents are illiterates, data was collected by face-to-face interviews and discussions. The consultation started with a general talk and a brief explanation about the nature and objectives of the study to gain the trust and confidence of the respondents to ensure the most possible reliable data. The consultation took place to ensure (i) that participants are aware of all the activities to be undertaken, their timetable of the project implementation and possible impacts, and; (ii) that their consent is documented so as to prevent later misunderstandings between the project, contractors, and the general population. 7.2.1 Men Consultations Findings During the Social Consultations that were carried out with the local people, most of the locals have shown their cooperation and willingness to cooperate with the contractor and showed their interest to work with the contractor as workers. RAP 89 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report Findings of the consultations also were concentrated on to speed up the process of road maintenance works. At the end of the consultations, photos of the consultation sessions were taken. The locals reiterated the need for road maintenance to improve road safety and reduce damage to agricultural lands resulting from floods and limited number of box culverts. Other comments were related to the need to include local workers in the maintenance works, correcting dangerous curves, implementation of works without delays, and removal of random speed bumps. It is worth noting that this round of consultations included representatives from the civil society organizations and women participants. 7.3 Women Consultations The woman consultations were carried out in December, 2013 in the same villages.   7.3.1 Findings of Women Consultations During the consultation process, questionnaires are also used to solicit people’s views, concerns, and feedback on the road maintenance activities to be supported by the project. The key findings of the women consultation are the following:  The main concern is that improved road may increase the speed of vehicles in front of schools and residential areas. That will have potential impacts on safety of students, children and local residents. They expressed that road bumps should be built to reduce the vehicles’ speed near the schools and villages and to place traffic signs at places where students cross to schools, also where women and animals cross to field. The said that it is possible to set a group of people to organize traffic movement next to schools during the time of going to school and out of school.  Women are afraid to cross the road during the maintenance for grazing activities, getting water and collecting firewood. They hope the maintenance activities can be shortened as much as possible.  The women showed their concern about the traffic jam in markets at the peak hours, so it is very important to remove the random sales in the markets because they cause traffic jams. At the same time, the women consulted also recognized the positive impacts of the project and expressed their expectations for job opportunities from the road maintenance. The positive impacts are the following:  Increasing the level of Services in the Centers of those Area,  Increasing the numbers of Girls who want to go to school,  Easy access to markets to get goods,  The maintenance will contribute to decrease the accidents and dangers that populations have, and  The maintenance will provide traffic safety. 7.3.2 Recommendations:  Building speed bumps at the site of schools to reduce the speed. RAP 90 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report  Put traffic sings on the road, especially at places where students are crossing to the schools, also at the places where women and animals are crossing to field or to the other side.  Build speed bumps at places before the entrances and exits of villages with appropriate engineering specifications.  Construct the necessary informative signs at specific and needed locations.  Building support retaining walls, culverts, concrete Irish crossing in areas that so require. RAP 91 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report ANNEX1 Consultation Project Name: Orod/Souq Al Horiah District: Shara’ab Al Salam Governorate: Taiz Location of Consultation :(1) Al Wadhyha village and (2)Suoq Al Horiah Date of Consultation: 18 Dec. 2012. Number of Attendees: 70 Persons for both locations including 14 women Type of Attendees: Local Council representatives, Beneficiary Committee representatives, Affected People and other beneficiaries. Name of Person Prepared consultations: Eng. Eng. Hassen Attiah, Environmental and Social expert RAP-CMO Duration of Consultation: Meeting in Al Wadhyha village from 9:30 to 11:30 AM and meeting in Suoq Al Horiah The Social Assessment survey was carried out to understand social setup of the area, travel patterns and people's perception of the proposed road. The survey was executed with local people from different villages during the Consultant site visit The, numberof participants and attended the meeting was about 70 persons including 14 women Photo shows Consultations with men and women. RAP 92 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report During the public consultation, there were many points that have been raised and discussed with attending persons, their concerns on the following issues: Negative Environmental &Social Impacts at Alignment during Construction Phase 1. Temporary Land Use Q) Are you concerned about, temporary land use for Contractor Compound and traffic diversions? A) No, those temporary land could be obtained on voluntary basis with the help of the Beneficiary Committee . 2.Slope Stabilization. Q) Are you concerned about, unstable slope is expected to occur in section 2 at km 5.1 of the alignment in the mountain area (Naqeel Al Arouq). A) No, because road alignment crossing through vacant land belong to governorate, Also Contractor should make the right solution to avoid unstable slope 3. Management of Construction Camp. Q) Are you concerned about increasing the pollutant coming out from Contractor Compound? A) No, Contractor should make rule for the Compound. And the risk of pollution should be minimized by implementing mitigation measures. 4.Disposal of cut material and surplus fill. Q) Are you concerned about the large amount of cut material generated in section 2 of the alignment from previous contract? A) No,this cut material should be used to level the existing surface it should be translated to suitable location. 5.Sources of Water for Construction Uses Q) Are you concerned about use the water resources in road project area for road construction? A)No ,water sources for construction are available from surface flows or water wells, which are located at the beginning of road alignment at km0.5 in Wadi Al Nkhlah. Gaining agreement to access these resources require negotiation with local communities. 6. Alternation of Water Harvesting Patterns Q) Are you concerned about water streams and channels crossing the alignment near agricultural lands? A)Yes, the contractor must avoid damaging and/or alternating the water harvesting patterns built by farmers. RAP 93 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report 7. Discharge to Graveyards Q) Are you concerned about the Graveyard located at km 1.5,which is subject to erosion by water run off from upper catchment area? A) No, but wall protection is required to protect the graveyard. 8. Dust and air pollution from Construction Machinery Q) Are you concerned about dust and air pollution from Construction Machinery.? A) No,spray water should be use to reduce dust pollution near by residential area 9. Noise from the Construction Machinery. Q) Are you concerned about noise from the Construction Machinery ? A) No,the impact will be restricted to the construction site only. 10 .Destruction of Utility Services Q) Are you concerned about destruction of“Water Supply Project” of Al Aruoq village? A) No, the Contactor should repair or shift thewater pipes, Temporary water supply should reach residents. 11. Job Opportunities Q) Are you concerned about job opportunities? A)No,unskilled laborers should be used during the construction process, and it could be recommended that laborers intensive construction methods be employed as far as possible, with an adequate transfer of skills. Q) Are you concerned about increase of road accidents and adverse impacts on water collection patterns ? A)No, that threat should be solved through making road humps in addition to warning signs in pedestrian road crossing. Positive Impacts  There are many positive impacts will be expected to occur following the road improvement and during the operation phase, such as:-Reduce travel time and cost saving;  Improvement in social welfare and economic;  Improved accessibility to social services (health and education facilities, and markets);  Increased accessibility to villages and towns during both the dry and wet season by all vehicles types;  Increased safety due to improved road surface;  Employment creation  Dust reduction What is your opinion? Related to the items mentioned above? At the end of the meeting, the attended public consultation have been given them opinion, as a result the project will follow the existing road alignment, in this case the negative impacts of this project are limited. The environmental and social potential negative impacts will address by mitigation measures and by Environmental and Social Management Plans and SFA.There are no objection to the construction of the road, instead theywill gain benefits for their area. RAP 94 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report ANNEX2 LIST OF CONTACTED PERSONS AND ORGANIZATIONS Serial Name of Persons Comment No. 1 Ali Alsha’az Manager of District 2 Dboan Hezbr Shekh 3 Hamod Abdullah Muqbil Shekh 4 Mohmed Muoqbil Shekh 5 Wafa Ameen Teacher 6 Mohmed Abduo-rzaq Manager of Al Horiah market ORGANIZATIONS 1- Ministry of Public Works and Highways (MPW&H) 2 Rural Access Program (Taiz Unit). 2- Taiz Governor Office. 3- Local Council Shara’ab Asalam District. 4- Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation. 5- Central Statistical Organization. 6- Environmental Protection Authority. 7- Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation. 8- Ministry of Water and Environment 9- Ministry of Legal Affairs. 10-Social Fund for Development (Taiz). 11- Road Maintenance Fund (Taiz). 12-Soil and Water Conservation Project. 13-General Organization for Water Resources. 14-Local Organization for Water and Sanitation (Taiz). RAP 95 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report ANNEX3 REFERENCES 1. Rural Roads Design Manual (RRDM) 2005, issued by Rural Access Project, Central Management Office (RAP- CMO), Sana'a, Yemen. 2. Pilot Application of Appropriate Rural Roads Standards, Tender Documents (Volumes I to IV), issued by RAP-CMO, Sana'a Yemen, 2004. 3. RoadSectoral Environmental Assessment(SEA)Report, Volume I 2008, issued by Ministry of Public Works and Highways (MPW&H), RAP- CMO, Sana'a, Yemen. 4. Statistical Year Book 2009 issued by Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation, Central Statistical Organization (ICCSO), Sana'a Yemen. 5. Central Statistics Office, Statistical Data for Taiz Governorate, 1999. 6. Standard Drawings for Rural Access project for Environment Friendly road Construction Techniques Royal Government of Bhutan Ministry of Communication Department of Dec 2002 7. Rural road design manual May2005, prepared by international team. 8. Rural road supervision manual June2005, prepared by team. 9. Safeguards Policies Basics PMU Training–Taj Sheba Sana’a 10. 10/7/2002(World Bank) 11. E&SIA Orod/Suoq Al Horiah road (stage one) 2004, prepared byDr: Qutbh 12. Bill of Quantities for Orod/Suoq Al Horiah(second stage).Prepared by Technical Unit (RAP-CMO). 13. Road and the environment A Hand book, W.B.Technial paper No.376. Edited by KTCH. 14. Environmental &Social Assessment studies (RAP documents). RAP 96 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report ANNEX4 SOCIAL FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT (SFA) FOROROD/SUOQ AL HORIAH ROAD (SECOND STAGE) RAP 97 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report RAP 98 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report RAP 99 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report ANNEX5 BENEFICIARY COMMITTEEFOR OROD/SUOQ AL HORIAH ROAD (SECOND STAGE) RAP 100 CMO Orod/Souq Al Horiah Road Project (second stage) ESIA Report RAP 101 CMO