VOL. 3 Government of Nepal Ministry of Physical Planning and Works DEPARTMENT OF ROADS Foreign Cooperation Branch Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal ROAD SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Phase I: Detailed Survey and Design Phase (IDA Loan : P 095977) SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN Satbanjh-Jhulaghat Road (September 2007) IntercontinentalConsultantsand FullBright Consultancy (Pvt) Ltd., Technocrats Pvt.Ltd. in association Soil Test (P) Ltd and A-8, Green Park, New Delhi-110016, India with HimalIntegrated Consultancy(P) Ltd. JV Tel. 91-11-26863000,26523036,26565290 Fax. 91-11-26855252 453120Kalika Marg, Kalikasthan,Kathmandu,Nepal Email: info@ictonline.com GPO Box 4970, Kafhmandu, NepAl Tel: 977 01 6228386,4440528: FAX:977 01 4440528 E-mail:rsdp@wlink.com.np Table of Contents 1 . INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 1 2 . AIMS OF THE SITE-SPECIFIC EMAP ...........................................................................................2 3 . DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS ...................1..............2 3.1 EXTRA CUTTINGS........................................................................................................ ...............2 ; 3.2 RETAINING WALLS ..................................................................................................... ............... 2 3.3 DRAINS........................................................................................................................... .............. 2 4. CAPACITY BUIDLING: ..................................................................................................................... 3 I 4.1 WHY NEED IT: ................................................................................................................. I ............ 3 4.2 WHO AND WHAT NEED IN IT: .......................................................................................... ............... 3 4.3 INPUT NEED:.................................................................................................................................... 5 5. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS: ......................................................................................5 6. ROAD UPGRADING RELATED KEY ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND ITS SITEL SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................5 7. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ..............................................................................................!...............7 8. BIOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE SPOTS ..............................................................................................8 9. PROPOSED MAJOR WORKS ..........................................................................................................8 10. ECOLOGICAL RECEPTORS ALONG THE ROAD CORRIDOR ...............................4................9 I 11. DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE: ROAD CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT ..(..............11 11.1 LABORFORCECAMPSITEESTABLISHMENT/ MANAGEMENT / DE-COMMISSIONING ......... .............. 11 : 11.I.1 Campsite Establishment:...................................................................................................... I I 11.1.2 Campsite Management:......................................................................................... !.............. 12 11.1.3 Campsite De-commissioning:........................................................ ,................................... 13 11.2 CONTRACTOR'SC ~ P S I TEESTABLISHMENT/ ~~ANAGEMENTDE-COM~ISSIONING......I............. 13 / 11.2.1 Campsite Establishment:....................................................................................... .............. 13 11.2.2 Campsite Management:.......................................................................................... .............. 14 11.2.3 Campsite De-commissioning:................................................................................ .............. 14 11.3 QUARRY......................................................................................................................................... 14 I 11.3.1 Source and its Extractions Guidelines:................................................................. .............. 14 11.3.2 Potential Rock Sources: ........................................................................................ ............... 15 11.3.3 Potential Burrow pits Sources............................................................................... ............... I5 11.3.4 Vigilance on the Conditions of Extractions: ......................................................................... I5 11.3.5 Closure upon its Non-extractions:........................................................................................ I5 11.4 BURROW PITS................................................................................................................................. 15 11.4.1 Source and its Extractions: .................................................................................................. 16 11.4.2 Vigilance on the Conditions of Extractions: .................................................. .............. 16 11.4.3 Closure upon its Non-extractions:........................................................................................ 16 11.5 STOCKPIL~NG ................................................................................................................. ,...............16 11.5.1 Top soil stockpiling: ............................................................................................. ............. 16 11.5.2 Sand Stockpiling:.................................................................................................................. 17 11.5.3 Pit Materials Stockpiling:..................................................................................................... 17 11.6 DISPOSALOF EXCESSCUT / FILL MATERIALS.............................................................. ;.............17 11.6.1 Origin of Excess Cut /Fill Materials: ................................................................................. 17 11.6.2 Prohibit Disposal of Excess Cut / Fill Materials on Unsafe Locations: ..............1............... 17 11.6.3 Restrict Disposal of Excess Cut /Fill Materials to Designated Spots Only:........1...............18 11.7 REINSTATEMENTOF EXISTING PUBLIC UTILITIESAND SERVICES ................................................. 19 11.7.1 Disruption in Public Utilities /Services:............................................................................... 19 11.7.2 Embedded Polypipe for Local Water Supply:...................................................................... 19 ~ 11.7.3 Reinstatement of Public Utilities /Services: ........................................................................ 19 11.7.4 Relocation of Transmission /Distribution Line: ....................................... :.....................19 12 . DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE: ROAD CORRIDOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS .............................................................................................................................20 12.1 ROADSIDE SLIPSSTABILIZATIONS................................................................................................. 20 12.1.1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 21 12.1.2 Strategy for Bio-engineeringWorks a Success..................................................................... 21 12.1.3 Findings/observations and Proposed Bio- engineering Measures..................................... 21 12.1.4 Selection Criteria of Plant Species....................................................................................... 29 12.1.5 Quantity and Cost Estimate for Bio-engineeringWorks ......................................................29 12.2 CRITICALSPOTS REQUIRING URGENT MITIGATION ACTION....................................................... 36 13 . IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM: ............................................................................................36 14 . ITEMS TO PROVISION IN BID DOCUMENT .............................................................................36 14.1 SERVICES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CUM BIO-ENGINEERING EXPERT................................................... 36 14.2 REINSTATEMENTOF PUBLIC UTILITIESAND SERVICES.................................................................. 36 15 . SITE SUPERVISION. MONITORING AND REPORTING ..........................................................37 15.1 PRE-CONSTRUCTIONPHASE........................................................................................................... 37 15.2 CONSTRUCTION PIIASE.................................................................................................................. 38 15.3 PROJECT LEVEL MONITORING .............................................................................................. 39 15.4 DOR LEVEL MONITORING ....................................................................................................... 39 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Photograph Sheets Appendix 2: Bioengineering Works Appendix 3: Rate Analysis Appendix 4: Formats List of Tables ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT TRAININGS TARGETED TO ROAD CONSTRUCTION PRACTITIONERS..............4 MANAGEMENT APPROACH AS A TOOL OFENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS PRIOR TO AND DURING UPGRADING WORKS............................................................................................................... 6 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS DURING IEE UNDER FEASIBILITY STUDY................................................................. 7 SUMMARY OF PROPOSED ROAD UPGRADINGWORKS..................................................................................... 8 ECOLOGICAL RECEPTORS ALONG THESATBANJH-JHULAGHAT ROAD CORRIDOR......................................... 9 PROSPECTIVE LABORFORCE CAMPSITE ON THE SATGBANJH - JHULAGHAT ROAD ..........11 PROSPECTIVE QUARRY - ROCK AND BURROW PIT - ON THE SATBANJH JHULAGHAT ROAD ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 5 PROSPECTIVE SPOIL DISPOSAL SITES AND TYPE OF ITS TREATMENT IN ROAD UPGRAGING WORKS OF SATBANJH .JHULAGHAT ROAD.......................................................... 18 REINSTATEMENT OF EXISTING PUBLIC UTILITIES / SERVICES DURING ROAD UPGRADING CONTRACTS AND UPON ITS COMPLETIONS ................................................................................... 19 FMDMG/~BSERVATIONPROPOSED BIO-ENGMEERMG MEASURES........................................................ 22 AND QUANTITY ESTIMATE FORBIO-ENGINEERING S..................................................................................... WORK 30 COSTESTIMATE FOR BIO-ENGINEERINGWORKS............................................................................................ 35 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE RELATED WORK ITEMS AND ITS ESTIMATED COSTS IN ROAD UPGRADING WORKS................................................................................................................. 36 MONITORING OF ROAD UPGRADING'S ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTIVITY.......... 40 1. INTRODUCTION I.I BACKGROUND The proposed upgrading of Satbanjh- Jhulaghat Road to all weather sealed stqndard is feeder road (F50). This road is located in the Far Western Development ReQionand connects the District Headquarter of BaitadiDistrict (Gothalpani)to the Mahakali:Highway (H14) at Satbapjh. The proposed upgrading road continues passing Gothalpapi to the Indian border at Jhulaghat- a stretch of 36.85 km. The alignment from Satbanjh to the district Headquarters (Gothalpani) at kml 18+500 closely follows a ridge line in a north westerly direction, dropping from 2,lOClm (msl). Beyond Gothalpani, the road loops to the south and drops further to a height(of580m (msl), close to the Mahakali River at Jhulalghat. The road distance between Gbthalpani and Jhulalghatis about 18km. The proposed road follows an existing motorable track which was constructdd by the government of Nepal involving local communities. The road is presently oper) through most of the year, although it has frequent closures, especially during the mondoon as a result of slides andlor poor surface condition. Regular bus and truck service ?perate to both Gothalapani and Jhulalghat, from where there is significant movement across the , border to and from India. 1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION I I The proposed upgrading road starts at Satbanjh and ends at Jhulaghat. The Alignment initially descends from Satbanjh to about 4 + 500 km (Gurukhola),and then asdends to 8 + 000 km, from where the alignment again descends progressively to the end bf road at Jhulaghat. II The condition of road is very poor due to inadequate maintenance. ~urindthe wet season, only the vehicle withmore clearance can operate and run. The overall location of the proposed upgrading, inclusively of exisitng physic(l features along the road corrdior, spoil disposal sites and rock 1burrow pits, of Satbanjh Jhulaghat Road is illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3. II This site - specific Environmental Management Action Plan (SS EMAP) has been prepared for the Satbanjh - Jhulaghat Road to set out environmental management requirements associated with the proposed upgrading under the Road Sector Development Project. This SS EMAP has been developed based on the inspection of proposed upgrading road, assessment of proposedsite - specific upgradingworks, and review of its feasibility study report. 2. AIMS OF THE SITE-SPECIFICEMAP This SS - EMAP has four aims, namely to: Define the environmental management principles and guidelines for the pre- upgrading and upgrading phases Describe practical mitigation measures that shall be implemented on road up grading to prevent or mitigate environmentalimpacts 3. Establish resource needs for environmentalmanagementand 4. Establish supervision,monitoring and reportingframework 3. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONSFOR ENVIRONMENTALSAFEGUARDS 3.1 EXTRA CUTTINGS Mass balancing (cut I fill equilization) of cut materials generated in road widening or structure installation is desired although, it is practically impossible to achieve without additoinal structure being provisioned according to a site specific needs. This in iiteslf is an additional cost implicative issue. However, every possible measures will be in place to content any extra cut I fill materials at proper locations. 3.2 RETAININGWALLS Where site specific conditions demand absolute need for retaining structure, it has been provisioned in the design exercise unless it is highly cost burdened ones. However, to contain environmental damage associated with its constructions, foundation excavations needs to be limited about its bottom most size so that peripheral required void fills is small enough and can it be adequately compacted. Care also needs to be in place to ensure that ends of these walls are keyed with dry rocks, discouraging the flow of road surface runoff concentrated otherwise take the course at these ends and prompting side scours. Valleside materials also needs to be smoothly trimmed so that runoff is evenly distributed with a minimal sheet erosion until the site is gradually restored to its stable conditions. 3.3 DRAINS Side drains Side drains generally provisioned by designs to minimize road surface run off although, side drain type's compatibility to site conditions is also overlooked. Any imcompatibility can be corrected with its verificationon the ground. Cross drains Valleyside settlements / lands are often prone to damaging effect of cross drains, especially in cases where design execises do provision its outfalls needs according to their discharge calculations and standard desing specifications only rather than in terms of ground reality or its limitations. ~ Design exercises without ground verifications with regard to a particular design's compatibility with its installation locations and correction not in place for outfall location mismatching ground can lead to a serious conflict. This will particularly be more complications if and where outfall of the cross drainage by design is located just onto arable land, causing a risk of converting these lands into barren type. Causewavs , Cause ways provisioned by designs in road constructions also at times misses to consider gushing effect of accumulated discharge of side drains at one outfall o:nlyrather in several outfalls without considering valleyside's ability to withstand it. In caseb where it can not be avoided or in avoidable ones, gushing discharge needs to be nullidied either with a provision of cascading or mattress on the valleyside. Floodways I Floodwavs without sufficient cutoff wall height can have its life shortened at plaheswhere downstriam constructionmaterials is ruthl~sslycollectedand not discouraged. ~ 4. CAPACITY BUIDLING: 4.1 WHY NEED IT: Parties, inclusively the Supervising Consultant and Contractors, respovsible for environmental management associated with upgrading works have a few or no knowledge about its compliance needs. They basically lapk understdnding of environmental implications of key issues associated with construction activities, causing adverse impact significantlyon sites and its peripherallocations. Managementmeasures, which aimed to overcoming these impacts during detail design wor'ks, incorporatedin bid document needs to be fully understood and implemented accbrdingly to ensure its compliance. Training to Supervising Consultants' - Field Inspectors (ARES)/ supervisors (Slows), Contractor's Field Supervisors etc - in general are not given on the environmental implications associated with construction activities and its management. ~~nstruction laborforce, who opt for maximum work progress for the pay slhe bets, are full$ unaware of consequence of works on the environment. I These are often reflected in the use of poor construction practices, inflictihg severe damage on the environment. Most construction skills, however, call be gained in the field. Capacity building measures- orientation, training etc - suitable f i r catering thb needs of the parties involved in implementationof constructionactivities to realize minimbladverse impact are identified and need it to be executed according to its schedule. 4.2 WHO AND WHAT NEED IN IT: Orientation to construction managers - Supervising Consultants - will be organized on environmental management associated with upgrading works with a focus on key issues of construction activities. In order to help achieve the quality upgrading and environmental works to a required standard, environmental management training leading to its accredition needs to be organized to Supervising Consultants' Field Inspectors (ARES)ISupervisors (Slows), Contractor's Field Supervisors. Training needs to focus on the key constructionissues that have profoundimplications on environment within its broad spectrum - not just to the right of way of proposed road upgrading but to region of its influence. Skill enhancing trainings needs to be imparted to laborforce gang leader to be deployed for road construction works so that they can pass on their skills, knowledge etc to their fellow workers to help realize minimal adverse impact of their works on the environment. This training needs to focus on environmental implications of his works and cause it to understand as a need for improvement in his working style, and cause him to pass understanding, knowledge to his fellow workers. Skill enhancing trainings also needs to be imparted to laborforce gang leader to be deployed for bio-engineering works so that its quality works is achieved. Training will be organized on bio-engineering skills needs so that quality bio-engineering works is achieved. Training type catering needs of road construction practitioners is scheduled as outlined in Table 1. Table 1: EnvironmentalManagementTrainings Targeted to Road Construction Practitioners 1 ~ ~ i a i n i Type n ~ raini in^ Audiences r rain in^ Focus rain in^ Dead Training SupervisingConsultants ARESI Environmental implications Slows associated with construction Contractor's Engineers', Environmental implications prior to I Training -- 1 commencement Supervisors associated with construction of I C activities and its management upgradingworks I Skill Enhancing Laborforce Gangleader ( Environmental implications of his 1 Prior to assignmentof Training works and cause it to understand his contract works as a need for improvement in his working style 1 ~ ~ on practical bio- Prior to. ~ ~ Training -I contractor's', Supervisors, 1 engineeringskill needs commencementbio- enaineeringworks - - I Skill Enhancing Laborforce Gangleader I u e s relatingto l o - 1 prior to Training engineering works a success: commencementbio- plant production knowledge, engineering works , 1 correctplant handling, planting techniques etc. -- In order to organize trainings targeted to various audiences as outlined in Table 1, resource inputs in the capacity of Environmental Specialist (ES) and Bio-engineering Expert (BE) are estimatedat 2 - 3 weeks and one week consecutively. 5. IMPLEMENTATIONARRANGEMENTS: Responsibility for environmental management associated with road upgradings Ileadingto I gravel seal standard involves a number of parties inclusively: DoR World Bank Supervising Consultant Contractor (road upgradings and bio-engineering) These parties have their own specific responsibilities for particular activities qssociated with the design and implementation of mitigation measures prior to, during and post upgrading works. I DoR - project proponents - being the ultimate responsible party for the d&sign and supervision of all upgrading and environmental works, its implementation byill be the responsibility of the DoR Project Manager. I World Bank Representative will undertake overseeing of DoR's project management in accordance with their conditions, detailed designs and the SS EMAP, incl~udingthe conduct of periodic site visits of constructions to ensure compliance. I I Given Supervising Consultant complete final detailed designs and E M ~ Pdesign recommendations, consultant will supervise day to day activities of the ~on~tractoron behalf of DoR. Supervising Consultant will be responsible for all technical supkrvision of upgrading works, overseeing contract implementation and certiving contracq complied works for payment. Accordingly Supervising Consultant will undertake regular inspections and monitoring with regard to compliance status of all aspects of works as I specified in SS EMAP. I I Construction Contractor shall be responsible for executing all of,his duties bnd works assigned road upgrading contract, inclusively all specified conditiDns in this $S EMAP. Contractor will, accordingly, work closely with the Supervising Coptractor to ensure that upgrading works are constructed to design and its standard of speaifications. ~ 6. ROAD UPGRADING RELATED KEY ENVIRONMENTALISSUE$ AND ITS S ~ E - SPECIFICMANAGEMENTREQUIREMENTS Environmental assessment in road constructions is generally focused on road alignment opening or its widening issues together with impact associated on local resourkes- land, forests etc - within road width formation along alignment rather than on key issues associated with construction activities. Impact in true sense is beyond this zane as it is more intricately linked with other issues, which are keys to the road's servic+ability, as outlined below. These issues need to be carefully focused and addressad towards environmental safeguards management in road upgrading. Environment assessment need also to focus on scope of works of proposed upgradings, which has environmental implications likely to cause by its standard works, inclusively road surface reformation and grading, side drain repair or construction and road surface gravel sealing. Management approach as a facilitating tool of environmental safeguards to all concerned in road upgrading works - construction supervisors, contractors, labor forces etc - has been framed up, and need it to be adopted by the practitioners on sites (Table 2) --" Table 2: MANAGEMENT APPROACH AS A TOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS PRIOR TO AND DURING UPGRADING WORKS Implementing Key Issue Management Actions Body Remarks I I Laborgang IdentifyIlocateappropriate campsite Leader Restrict campsite at designatedlocations only ILaborforce Campsite I 1 ) Prohibit campsiting other than at designated I Establishment, [ Ensure campsite at designated location only RE I Contractor locations Management and De- ContractorI commissioning Prohibit any presence of untidy materialsaround Laborgang campsite 1 Ensure campsitewell run and tidy Leader Ensure campsite de-commissioned to Prohibit any remains of hazardous residuals on 1 I environmentallysafe conditions ( RE I Contractor I the campsite IdentifyILocate Appropriate Office cum Restrict contractots ofticecum workshop at Workshop Contractor designated location ~ontractotsOffice cum Ensure Office cum Workshop Established at Prohibit office cum workshop other than at Workshop Establishment, Designated Location only REI contractor designated location -. Management and Ensure Officecum Workshop Well Run and Prohibit uncontrolled and unsafe handling of Decommissioning Tidy Contractor hazardous materials Ensure Office cum Workshop De- Prohibit any remainsof hazardous ones upon de- comm~ssionedto Environmentally Safe RE 1Contractor commissioning I I , ldentifyIlocate excess cutIfill materials producinglocations RE I Contractor - ldentifyI locate appropriate disposal sites for excess cutI fill materials Initiate and ensure practicingstandard format for Excess CutIFill Materials identifying excess cut I fill materialsdisposal Disposal sites, disposing and its subsequenttreatment .- 1 sites treatedwith appropriate technique -free of environmentalhazards RE I Contractor --- IdentifyIlocate safe quarryIrock extraction sites Contractor Approve I Ensure rock extractions at safe lnitiate and ensure practicingstandard format for identifying safe quarry sites,method of quarry QuarryIRock Extractions locations Only RE technique and subsequentsafe closure dead line Close rock extractions safely upon completion prior to earth cuttings of its usage Contractor Certify I de-certifyclosure of quarry sites based on its conditions RE ldentify I locate prospective borrow pit extraction sites Contractor ApproveIensure borrow pit extractions in Initiate and ensure practicingstandard format for safe locations only RE identifying safe borrow pits, method of Borrow pit Extractions Close borrowpit extractions safely upon extractions and subsequent safe closure dead completionof its usage line prior to earth cuttings Contractor Certify I de-certifyclosure of borrow pits based on its conditions RE - - * . I I ,I I lmplemehting j Key Issue Management Actions Body Remarks Inventorypublicutilities1existingservices Contractor Suggest timeboundappropriate Initiateand ensure practicingstandard formatfor PublicUtilitiesIExisting reinstatementmeasures - provisionaland identifyingsuitablereinstatementmeasure,in Services permanent placesuggestedmeasure - provisionaland - REI Contractor permanent prior to earth uuttings Ensurereinstatementmeasurein place as by agreed type and scheduled RE I Contractor Identify I locatecriticaldrainage system along I upgradingstretch REIContractor Specifically by chainagei fits natural and safe Drainage Suggest time boundsuitablemeasure for entertaining naturalcourse REIContractor Ensure suggested measurein placeas I agreed and scheduled RE I Contractor 7. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS I Public consultations were undertaken with the local stakeholders of two VD$S and of district sub municipality during field investigation relating to Initial Envilonmental Examination under Feasibility Study f Satbanjh - Jhulaghat Road for its Upgrading to Gravel Seal Standard. Issued raised with measures agreed at these consultgtions are presentedin Table 3. I ~ Table 3: Public Consultations during IEE under Feasibility Study 1 1 Locations Date NO. of Issues Raised Measures Agreed 1 Participants I I 1 i - Dasarathch 2063131 - Loss by acquisition of land and - Least damages to 18 properties should be seriously propertiesby dot Municipality 02 July addressed. Such acquisition should be acquiring RON, but '06 minimal. i limitingit to 5. m road - Loss of infrastructure during road width only. 4 constructionshould be rehabilitated. - ~om~ensatidnshall be - Involvement of local people should be given before start of work maximizedso that they can earn from as per market (rates. 1 projectand this will contribute in TransparentC mmittee enhancement of local economy. (Compensatio Fix Committee)in the Dehimandu 2063131 - Loss of property close to the road must b chairmanship f Chief VDC 22 be adequately compensated. District officedand 06 July - Loss of infrastructure during road '06 construction should be rehabilitatedin time without affecting livelihood of local people. - Damage to forest should be avoided as far as possible. - Involvement of local people should be project staff sfiall be maximzed. formed. : --- - Grievance ~'bdress Gurukhola 2063131 - Loss of property close to the road must Committee shpuld be _i- 26 be adequately compensated. formed. 10July - Loss of infrastructure during road - Local manpdwer shall be '06 construction should be rehabilitated. - Local people should be involved in road employed by Faximizing their involvem~entin the of works. works where manual works are podsible e.g. Earth works, Tanual haul. bio-engineeriygetc. 7 Locations 1Date No. of Issues Raised Measures Agreed Participants Dehimandu 2063/03 Dehimandu VDC Officeissued a letter to VDC 1/23 concerned authoiry asking for its proposal implementationwith regard to alignment shift, an option of short road length and cost saving rather than acquiring 15 m wideland on both from centreline, whichhouses a substantial numbersof physical buildings1 8. BIOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE SPOTS This road stretch has no protected areas - national parks, wildlife reserves, hunting reserves etc - within it nor in its vicinity. There are no signs, either, of wildlife existence in and around road stretch not requiring thus, any protective measure, inclusively signboard for wildlife crossings on any stretch of this road. Stakeholders at the public consultations organized during Feasibility Study for this road have not raised, identified issue about the conservation need for biodiversity, including of wildlife along or in the vicinity of road stretch. 9. PROPOSED MAJOR WORKS The proposed major works of road upgrading leading to gravel seal standard include road widening, slope stabilizations, drainage (improvement and new construction), and the improvementof road geometry, including curves and gradients followed by gravel sealing works. Summary of all proposed upgrading works are presented in Table 4. Table 4: Summary of Proposed Road Upgrading Works 1 Type of Major Works Length Area I Total Volume of 1 1 1 I Units (m) (sq.m.) Works(m3) Road Widening - Earth Cuttings - Fillings Structure - Cut - Fill Retaining walls - Stone masonary (Coursed Random Rubble Masonry) - Gabion - Dry Stone 1Side drains (new construction and improved) 13650.9 - in soil - in rock - Natural sub-base ( 1 ' 1 Type of Major Works Number of Length 1 Area Total Volume of Units (m) (sq.m.) , Works (m3) I 17754.4 175334 -- - existing slopes (assessed prior to I I I A total of 36.85 km of road will be widened to maximum of 4.5 m formation width. In addition, passing bays of 3 to 5 numbers per kilometer will be constructed +long the Road. These works will involve the extraction of an estimated total of a 6507p.2 m3 of earth and rock. Additional cost for structure works will involve the extracti~onof an estimated total of 28975 m3. I I I I A total of 1223 m3 of CRRM and 3700 m3 Gabion works of retaining walls are prbposed to stabilize the mad formation where the fill embankmenthas failed or the cut slope requires support. I I An estimate 67304 m3 of cut 1 fill excess earth materials will be generatdd by the proposed road widening works. These materials will be disposed of at locations~identified as disposal site - low impact within or adjacent to ROW.Rocks materials dqring road widening will generally be utilized to install retainingwalls. I I I An estimate 53880 m3 gravel seal works will involve to complete upgrading works to gravel seal standard. I Bio-engineering measures will be implemented on all bare or semi-bare slop+s prior to commencement of road upgradings, identified during site assessment as spotq requiring stabilization. I 10. ECOLOGICALRECEPTORS ALONG THE ROAD CORRIDOR 1 Inventory of existing community infrastructure and community forest along roid corridor noted during IEE study under feasibility survey is presented in Table 5, wh~ichbriefly outlines its conditions, locations by chainageI valley or hllsideas appropriate along with a suitable mitigation measure. I Table 5: Ecological Receptors Along the Satbanjh Jhulqghat Road corridor - - / Location Ecological Receptors / I 7 Conditions I Mitigdtion 0 + 009 Km Silunga tree Chautara on the valleyside at 3 m I distancefrom centreline 2 + 130 / 615 Km Community Forest Asses stand co/ldtions, act siivicultureopetations accordinlgy ~ 3 + 110 Km Public Tap Station Stationed at 4 m distance from Asses sewing donditions. centreline repair accordinglyif needed I I I 1 I 4 + 045 Km IDharshalalocated on the 1 Assessfragiity konditions; hillside 1 repait accordinby Location Ecological Receptors Conditions 4 + 1001550 Km Community Forest Twenty five percent of area is still --- open 6 535 I548Km + PVC Water Supply System These two systems located along6 + 535 Km and 6 548Km at 2m + ! repair accordingly if needed distance from centre line i Stationed at 3 m and 4 m distrance 1Asses serving conditions. from centreline / repair accordingly if needed Located on the hill side 9 + 50/ 900 Km Community Forest Security Unit stationed on other side of forest 9 + 390 Km Public Tap Station 9 + 390Km Kuwa 16 + 100Km Pipal chautari Located on the road turning as design specification 16 + 450 Km / 530 Public Tap Stations Km / 577Km 121 +950 / 980 Km Tripura Sundari from centreline --- 21 + 920/ 930 Km Two dharanshalas Located on the hillside at6 m and 7 1 ! distance from centreline / Assess fragility conditions; repair accordingly I 1 26+800 Km Chiuree Tree Chautari Located on the hillside at 3.1m distance fron centreline; i 1, 27 + 130Km-28 + Kuwa(Water Spout) 130 Km 1 such incidences in road constructiolns 29+ 900 Km Kedar Temple Located on the valleyside at 25 m Ensure entry gate is in 1 distance from centrline; road crosses driving sight distance with a 1 previoius path to temple 1sufficient landing approach I prior to road entry 1 I Located at 2.3 m distance from Ensuremeasure in place so 1 centerline i I that its discharge is naturally 1 undisturbed , Located on the by pass trail leading to Darchula district head quarter; no running water since last 5 years Source: IEE Report Feasibility Study A road strip map showing receptivefeatures by legends are presented in Figure 1. 11. DURING CONSTRUCTIONPHASE: ROAD CONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENT 11.1 LABORFORCECAMPSITEESTABLISHMENTI MANAGEMENT/ DE-COMMISSIONING 11.1.1 Campsite Establishment: Labor forces are often needed in road upgrading, especially for its civil work4 - drains, structural works (gabion filling in retaining walls, breast wall, toe wall etc) etc.;Day time break for meals, rest etc, and retiring at night needs campsite establishment within proximity of their work sites. I I Criteria: I Environmental management sets out specific criteria for its safeguards to be c&mpliedin regard to campsite establishment for labor forces' day break and retiring. Adcordingly, I such campsite shall be: One campsiteper 3 km length of road stretch, where available Notlocated at water hole of its down stream consumers Away from potential unstable areas Away from flash flood level Away from any drainage lines (at least 1Om) In low impact areas where road works induce damage is minimal Whilst it is desired that campsite to the possible extent are located on the low i+pact sites meeting above criteria, local water availability for the labor force is the key to designating and establishmentcampsites. I During site-specific investigation of this road, prospective sites that are odserved as suitable for campsites are noted indicating its changes (Table6). I Table 6: PROSPECTIVE LABORFORCE CAMPSITE ON THE SATGBA'WJH - JHLILAGHAT ROAD I No. Chainage ExistingSite Conditions 1 1 2+100km Saddle on the left side of road Limited spoil accommodableonthe left saddle 3 4 km approx Both sides of saddle 4 8 + 000 km Left side of road 5 23 + 000 km Valleyside nose on the left of road --6 24 km approx Valleysideflat ridge on the left of road - 7 31 km appro~ Area of low gradientoutside structure 8 32 + 000 km Area of low gradient outside structure I 9 32 km approx Flat top on the left; extendableto play ground I I Source: Site -specific Field Investigation July 17 23 '07 - I I These sites are mostly of flat land on the valley side, flat ridge on the road bend, abandoned fallow land in some cases etc. Where land of these types are locally available in some sections of road, concerned contractor need to identify suitable one& negotiate with the landowner and reach to an agreementfor its hiring. I I In the event of suitable ones not available locally, locations specifically indicated by chainage for using prospective sites for the disposal of excess cut / fill materials from earth cuttings may also be used. Contractor need to seek approval for such needs upon familiarityof its configurations and gravity of impact likely to arise upon its usage. 11.1.2 Campsite Management: Labor force at campsites generates during its usage a substantial quantity of human and other wastes - bio degradable and non degradable - of both pathogenic and non pathogenic ones. These wastes pose a potential source of sanitation conditions as well as environmental hazards to its locality and to downstream settlement. Contaminating water hole, which traditionally has been used by the down stream consumers, by the labor force through their campsite activities may pose a threat of water borne diseases, especially viral infections- Hepatitis. Facilities for Labor Force: Toilet At least two toilets for one campsite of 15 labor forces Installationof removable pan system in each toilet Ventilated Improved Pit Latrines (VIPL) VIPL type has distinct advantage over conventionalsoak pit one as being a dry system of latrine, requiring no flushing plus can be removed when no longer it need and installed at its need over and again. Safety Measures to Laborfoce Involved in Risk Prone Works- Bitumen,Rocks Extractions: Laborforce deployed to construction works along fractured rock site or quarry extractions are prone to rock fall injury especially of head. They are also prone to serious hand and eye ipjure during bituminous works undertaken on road stretch. They need to put on safety gadgets- goggles, glove, boots etc during road surface sealing works especially bitumen handling as well as boots, helmets, gloves etc during works on rock site. Eneravfor the Cooking of the Labor Force: Kerosene - although desirable, it possibly can not be met in sustained supply in view of supply uncertainties,market shortages, price escalationsetc Firewood - best and possible option at localities where community forest management system exists; may need to negotiate with the local managing groups for their willingness to its supply upon set out term and conditions, and reach out to an agreement accordingly. Private forest - another source for firewood supplies under similar agreement reached with the owners. Supplies from other sources without a standard agreement should be entertained, primarily to discourageillicit trade within road stretch of works in progress. MedicalFacilities for the Labor Force: Mandatory availability of first aid kit (bandage, medicated tapes, antiseptic solutions, antiseptic cream, cotton wool, paracetamol, benzene, analgesics etc) at each campsite , Mandatory availability of basic medicines for diseases - diarrhea, amoeba dysentery, pain relief etc Safe Disposal of Solid Wastes: Improper handlings and disposal of solid wastes generated by labor force at their campsite would results in environmental degradation as well as prompts sanitation degradations- distractive campsite, polluted water supply, persistent odors, incidences of viral diseases etc. Remedial Measures: Designate separate areas for solid waste disposal - bio degradable and non degradable one Facilitate recycling of non biodegradable or else its safe disposal Upon establishment of camps for laborforce, suitable sites for solid wastes - biodegradable and non degradable one - can be identified, designate for its us4. As and where, facility for recycling of non biodegradble does not exist and cannot be aFnged, it can be safely disposed on to deep pits of low valued land. I ~ I Contractor's Obliaations: I Sustained supply of safe drinking water to labor force at their campsites Given riverIstream - supply source, it should be safely chlorinated prior to its distribution to the laborforce. Supply and mandatory use of safety gadgets - gloves, goggles, boots, hats e injury prone works Include in Contract Document: Contractor's obligations need to be addressed in Bid Document prior to its bid cell I 11.I.3 Campsite De-commissioning: I I All camp sites used by labor force need to be de-commissioned and safely clo of environmental hazards to its locality as well as downstream settlements. can not simply de-commission and abandoned these sites at his discretion obtain a 'letter of satisfaction'from supervising consultant. 11.2.1 Campsite Establishment: I I Road upgrading needs a variety of mechanical equipments (pneumatic roller, aggregate 4 spreader, bitumen spreader, vacuum sucker etc), vehicles (both heavy and ligh ones) etc for its construction works according to the work schedule. These equipment , vehicles I often need repairs, maintenance etc. 9 As this road was open up to Earthen Fair Weather Standard, all major orks were apparently undertaken with camps sited for the laborforce at locations of pr ximity, not t~ requiring large areas for heavy equipments repairs, maintenance works etc s in road upgrading. Large areas suitable for Contractor's camps can be hired with the I cal people upon negotiation and two party agreeement. I I Criteria: I Environmental management sets out specific criteria for its safeguards to be domplied in regard to contractor's campsite establishment.Accordingly, such campsite shall be: Flat and large enough to accommodate all the units - office complex, maintenance unit etc I Not located at water hole of down stream consumers Away from potential unstable areas Away from flash flood level Away from any drainage lines (at least 1Om) In low impact areas where road works induce damage is minimal 11.2.2 Campsite Management: Contractor's campsites also generatesduring its usage, along with other type of wastes, a substantial quantity of mechanical workshop induced wastes - gasoline spills, lubricants etc. These wastes pose a potential source of sanitation conditions as well as environmental hazards to its locality and to downstream settlement, if any in existence. Contaminating water hole, which traditionally has been used by the down stream consumers, by the contractor campsite users may pose a threat of water borne diseases, especially viral infections- Hepatitis. Fire Safetv Measure: Contractor's campsite, especially mechanical workshop, is a potential source of fire incidence. At least basic fire safety measure needs to be in place at each campsite. The fire safety measures include fire extinguisher, shovel, crow bar, hammer, buckets, ropes etc. Disposal of Camp Wastes -Gabionwire off cuts, Lubricants etc: lrr~proverhandlings and disposal of wastes - gabion wire off cuts, lubricants - generated at contractor's campsite would results in environmental degradation as well as prompts sanitation erosions - distractive campsite, polluted water supply, persistent odors, incidences of viral diseases etc. Remedial Measures: Designated separate landfill areas for solid waste disposal - bio degradable and non degradableone Facilitate recycling of non biodegradable or its safe disposal 11.2.3 Campsite De-commissioning: Camp sites used by contractor need to be de-commissioned and safely closed to free of environmental hazards to its locality as well as downstream settlements. Contractor can not simply de-commission and abandoned these sites at his discretion but should obtain a 'letter of satisfaction' from supervisingconsultant. 11.3.1 Source and its ExtractionsGuidelines: Environmental management sets out specific criteria for its safeguardsto be complied in regard to rock extractions for structural works of this road upgrading. Accordingly, such extractions shall be: Restricted to small areas Preferably located at existing or previouslyextracted site Preferably located on sites without trees cover (extremely sparse distributions) Located at least 60 m away from settlements Located at least 200 m from archeological, religious and cultural sites 11.3.2 PotentialRock Sources: Civil works - dry 1gabion walls, side drains, cross drains etc - of this road upgrading may require a substantial quantity of hard rocks. The potential source of quarry - had rock, burrow pits - is outlined in Table 7 I I Table 7: PROSPECTIVE QUARRY ROCK AND BURROW PIT ON THF - - SATBANJH JHULAGHAT ROAD I I 135km approx 1 Rock IHard rock type on the hillsideof the road Source: Site-specific Field InvestigationJuly 17 - 23 '07 ~ 11.3.3 Potential Burrow pits Sources I I Gravel surface works - sub base, base courses etc - of this road upgrading m$y require a substantial quantity of burrow pits rocks. The potential source of quarry - hard rock, burrow pits - is outlined in Table 7. ~ I 11.3.4 Vigilance on the Conditions of Extractions: I Strict vigilance need to be in place during rock extractions at the quarry sourcb. It also needs to ensure that I I No rock materials littered on the valley side arable land I I No condition is created inducing spill over of impoverished materia~lsby the discharge during wet season over the arable land on the valley side No rock materials causing disturbanceto public services, utilities etc ~~ I I 11.3.5 Closure upon its Non-extractions: I All quarry source supplying rocks for the civil works of this road upgrading need to be safely closed to agreed conditions upon its extractions no longer required. /.lo quarry source shall be abandoned at contractor's discretion but has to receive Resident Engineer's a 'letter of satisfactory closure'. I 11.4 BURROW PITS I I Upon achievementof road width formation through embankment filling, suitable materials of pits - gravel, sand and other aggregates - needs to be laid over these fortinations at varying depth of particular specifications with specified thickness in order to gain standard load bearing strength for vehicular traffic. 11.4.1 Source and its Extractions: Environmental management sets out specific criteria for its safeguards to be complied in regard to borrow pits extractions and for its laying-over road width formation. Accordingly, such extractions shall be: Restricted to small areas Preferably located at existing or previouslyextracted site Preferably located on sites without trees cover (extremely sparse distributions) Located at least 60 m away from settlements Located at least 200 m from archeological, religious and cultural sites 11.4.2 Vigilance on the Conditions of Extractions: Strict vigilance need to be in place during burrow pits extractions at its quarry source. It also needs to ensure that No pit'materials littered on the valley side arable land No condition is created inducing spill over of impoverished materials by the discharge during wet season over the arable land on the valley side No rampant pits extractions cause disturbance to public services, utilities etc 11.4.3 Closure upon its Non-extractions: All pits source supplying sub-grade, sub-base, base-course etc materials need to be safely closed to agreed conditions upon its extractions no longer required. No pit source shall be abandoned at contractor's discretion but has to receive Resident Engineer's a 'letter of satisfactoryclosure'. 11.5 STOCKPILING Road upgrading needs a variety of construction materials - top soil for enriching impoverished soil in cut I fill batter, sand for civil works, pit materials for laying over road formations. These materials need to be stockpiled at location of minimal lead and free of environmental hazards. Criteria: Environmental management sets out specific criteria for its safeguards to be complied in - regard to stockpiling - topsoil, pit matirials for laying over the ioad formations -'of this road upgrading. Accordingly, such stockpiling shall be executed: At least 10 m away from drainage lines On land with less than 10 degree slope On sites devoid of vegetations-trees, shrub Not above house or other civil structures 11.5.1 Top soil stockpiling: Cut I fill batter is in general of impoverished soil type, which is devoid of plant growing nutrients. Top soil, which is rich in humus content and nutrient, is a valuable replenishing supplement to enrich impoverished soil of batter slopes, and help plants strike roots easily and grow subsequently. Whilst road upgrading generates a relatively lesser quantity of top soil than in new road opening, it still is valuable materials for rehabilitating batter slopes, and hence is worth collecting, stockpiling where it is available and stockpiled accordingly for its ne~edin the future. 11.5.2 Sand Stockpiling: I Large quantity of sand may be needed for civil works as well as for road sealing purposes. These materials hauled from distant sources needs to be stored at safe locations- well away from road formation width, not risk prone to peripheral Idcations - prior to its usage according to the work type. ,I 11.5.3 Pit Materials Stockpiling: I I A huge quantity of pit materials, which needs also to be hauled from distant sources, obviously is required for laying over as sub - grade, sub-base and base course on road width formation. These materials need to be stockpiled at safe locations -well ?way from road formation width, not risk prone to peripheral locations etc- so that its quality is maintained and meet the standard of specifications. Care need to be taken at these locations so that no deleterious materials - plant leaves 1 twigs 1 branclhes, non- degradable materials, clay soil etc - impair such materials. 11.6.1 Origin of Excess CutIFill Materials: I Earth cutting of proposed road upgrading will generate a varying quantity - depending on the need to achieve design specifications at a particular road section - of exce$s cut 1fill materials, which are mostly originate: I I From back cutting of hill slopes, especially on those sections high height?Islopes. t~ mainly at road bends At sites where by design specification, box cut widening is the need At sites where extra excavation of the existing road sections is required o achieve grade of its specifications From cutting of existirlg batters on the hill slopes Whilst some proportion of earth materials generated by its cutting can be ubed as fill materials in retaining wall as well as in some of the road sections as and wherd required, especially to achieve road grade, a substantial proportion still may remain as edcess cutI fill materials, which need to be disposed to safe site without posing or causing a source of environmental degradationthereafter- both local and regional. h 11.6.2 Prohibit Disposalof Excess CutIFill Materialson Unsafe Locations: Excess cut 1fill materials shall on no account be allowed to dispose it but pro ibit at the following types of sites Fresh but just naturally begin to colonize, stabilize or stabilized unstable slopes Fresh but naturally being to stabilize or stabilizedunstable slopes I On natural water courseposing a threat of or causing choking in its flowas well as in its course change I I Side cast over the edge of the excavations, fresh embankments I I I Side cast immediately above potentially valued arable land Side cast above public utilities and existing services-water supply linei, irrigation ~ canal systems, valley side trails etc I Side cast above local settlements' physical structures, especially house 11.6.3 Restrict Disposalof Excess CutIFill Materials to DesignatedSpots Only: Disposal of excess cut / fill materials on to safe site without its environmentaldegradation is of prime concern, and proposed upgrading works must attempt to ensuring minimal possible environmental degradations, damages through proper and effective handlings and disposed on to safe sites only. Excess cut / fill materials generated during road upgrading works need to be disposed to following types of site only Flat low lying plains Flood plains without stretchingover to main course Site requiring land fills, especially local play ground, community ground etc Site requiring value adding land fills, especially reclaiming land for building constructions Broad flat land on the ridge Fresh and swallow rill, gullies spread over large areas Depressionsspread over large areas Safe locations as outlined above are identified during July 18 - 22, '07 road's site-specific -- identifications, and presented by Chainage with suitable treatment of disposed spots (Table 8) Table 8: PROSPECTIVE SPOIL DISPOSAL SITES AND TYPE OF ITS 'TREATMENT IN ROAD UPGRAGINGWORKS OF SATBANJH - JHULAGHAT ROAD Potential Effect Upon Spoil Chainage Existing Site Conditions Disposal Suggested Type of Treatment Alder trees coveredvalle~slde Minimal effect on the vegetation; no 1 + 100 km kholsi further risks No need of specific treatment Alder trees covered Minimal effect on the vegetation;no 1 + 300 km kho'si further risks No need of specific treatment Need to spread spoil over large so that its height 2 + 100 km Saddle on the left side of road Minimal effect on the surroundings is low Limited spoil accornmodatable Need to spread spoil carefully over large area so on the left saddle 000 km Minimal effect on the surroundings that its height is low + 4 + km Need to spread spoil carefully over large area So approx Both sides of saddle Low damage on the surroundings that its height is low Need to spread spoil carefully over large area so 8 + 000 km Left side of road Low damage on the surroundings that its height is low Valleyside nose on the left of Low damaging effect on the Need to spread spoil carefully over large area so 23 + 000 km road surroundings that its height is low Valleyside flat ridge on the left LOW damaging effect on the Spoil needs to be disposed undercontrol over 24 km + of road surroundings large area so that its height is low Area of low gradientoutside Limited or no damage if spoildisposal Spoil disposal activities needs to be well 31 km structure + well supervised supervised and controlled Area of low gradient outside Limited or no damage if spoil disposal Spoil disposal activities needs to be well 32 + 000 km structure well supervised supervised and controlled Flat top on the left; extendable Limited or no damage if spo~ldisposal Spoil disposal activities needs to be well 32 km + to play ground well supervised supervised and controlled with compactions -- Source: Site specific Field InvestigationJuly 17 23 '07 - - 11.7 REINSTATEMENTOFEXISTINGPUBLICUTILITIESANDSERVICES Public utilities and existing services, which get interrupted or likely to be interrupted by road upgradings need to be reinstated, needs to be reinstated with a provisional measure in place during construction works in progress ensuring its services not interrupted, and with permanent measure affected within agreed deadline with stakeholder. 'These utilities and existing services observed during site-specific investigation4 that are likely to be disruptedand or affected during upgrading works, are presentedby cbainages along with agreed mitigation measures and correction dead line (Table 9). 11.7.1 Disruptionin Public UtilitiesI Services: i Existing public utilities as well as local services, especially of water supply lines,irrigation canal systems, local trails, electric transmission line, telephone productive arable land with impoverished materials etc often disrupted or road constructions in the past, and remained its un-operational until community or contractor (upon persistent persuasion by the mended it. 11.7.2 Embedded Poly pipe for LocalWater Supply: I ~ Poly pipes - supply line of drinking water - are at places embedded into th'e ground across road width. These pipes may be crushed during the operation of roller machine,, thereby interruptingits supplies. I "i i I 11.7.3 Reinstatementof PublicUtilitiesIServices: Public utilities and existing services need to be reinstated -with a provisional easure in place during constructionensuring services not interrupted, and with permanenI measure affected as agreed with stakeholder. 11.7.4 Relocation of TransmissionI DistributionLine: I Electric transmission line, telephone distribution line etc are common ibcidences encountered as it physically stationed in the middle of road width formalion upon upgrading road to its design specifications. I Table 9: REINSTATEMENT OF EXISTING PUBLIC UTILITIES I ~ERVICES DURING ROAD UPGRADING CONTRACTS AND UPON ITS COMPLETIONS1 I CbrrectionDead g Service Site Conditions i Corrections Need ,1 Line Replaced with GI pipe to avert Road section of risk of pipe crushing and Water supply line alignment supplies interrupted by (112" diarn polypipe) crosses the orgaSe 3 + 000 upgrading works and supply line o erlay krn afterwards - Replaced with GI pipe to avert Road Of to 1 risk of pipe crushing and Water supply line alignment cdrnmencingsub supplies interrupted by (112" diam polypipe) crosses the upgrading works and supp~yline 3krn+ afterwards I I Stone Mortar Stepping with 1 I ~t time peripheral I m safe sight to road 6PCC ddainlinks or civil Trail on the right Mortar Matching Site w~ r kto s be 4 km + Rural trail of road Conditions ccpmpleted Existing Type of I Correction ~ead Site Conditions Corrections Need Line I Stone Mortar Steppingwith 1 I At time ~eri~heral I Trail on the left of m safe sight to rda'dor PCC drain lines or civil road (switchback) Mortar MatchinnSite - works to be 4 km + Rural trail Conditions 1 completed Stone Mortar Stepping with 1 I At time peripheral 1 m safe sight to road 07 PCC drain lines or civil 5 + 000 Trail on the right Mortar MatchinaSite works to be - Rural trail Pole Dossiblvlie Relocate the distributionpole within road width drain lines or civil well away from road width works to be formation Distribution Pole I m safe sight to road or PCC drain lines or civil Trail on the right Mortar Matching Site works to be 6 km + Rural trail of road Trail on the left of 7 km + Rural trail road Conditions I completed Stone Mortar Stepping with 1 I At time peripheral Trail on the left of m safe sight to road or PCC drain lines or civil road (switchback) lblortar Matching Site works to be 7 km + Rural trail Conditions completed 1Road section of Water supply line (1" alignment 22km diam GI pipe) crosses the Approx supply line Stone Mortar Stepping with 1 At time peripheral m safe sight to road or PCC drain lines or civil Trail on the Mortar Matching Site works to be 27 km Rural trail hillside Conditions completed Road section of Replaced with GI pipe to avert I Prior to risk of pipe crushing and Water supply line alignment commencing sub supplies interruptedby (112" diam polypipe) crosses the - base course 1 upgrading works and supply line overlay 30 km + afterwards Source: Site -specific Investigation July 17 -23 '07 1 1 12. DURING CONSTRUCTIONPHASE: ROAD CORRIDOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS 12.1 ROAD SIDE SLIPS STABILIZATIONS Hillside slips have been commonly observed environmental issue of this road upgradings. These slips at places may not only disrupt road serviceability but also choke side drains elsewhere. The incidence of failures of these slips at places is of recurrent nature, which is largely attributing to a combination of extremely loose soil conditions, devoid of hill vegetations, and its steep slope. The rock extractions as a supply source for structural works have aggravated the situations. Hill side slips of critical conditions, which were observed during site - specific investigations of this road, are presented it later for environmental improve mental improvement works, especially bio-engineering. 12.1.1 Objectives , Following environmental improvement objectives aimed to be achieved thiough the implementation of the bio-engineeringtechniques as outlined below: I Stabilize cut and fill slopes. I Reduce surface erosion. I Reinforce the civil structures. I Develop better water management for the protection of road pavement and structures. I I Reduce the maintenancecost of the road. I Improve the aesthetic appearance of road corridor. I Maintain the ecologicalbalance of the road surrounding. I 12.1.2 Strategy for Bio-engineering Works a Success ,I Five strategies are identified and established as pre-requisitefor bio-engineeridgworks a success: I I Ensure sites requiring bio-engineering works critically assessed with regard to its site conditions - physiographic type, distribution of rock, soil over the area, soil ' type and moisture availability etc - and identified resource limitations fodplantings. This aims help identify limiting conditions against which appropriate measure is in place; I Ensure practical remedial measure is identified, suggested and implemented accordingly; Ensure plant production schedule is worked out realistically and tor/-ectly,and 1 executed plants producing nursery activities in such a way that plan s are well rooted, sufficiently hardened, appropriately sized (proportionate root sh ot ratio) at the time of its plantings. This aims to achieve optimal stocking of lantings - growing well with its root struck on to site successfully; Ensure site requiring bio- engineering treatment available to concernid workers I prior to pre monsoon so that planting works can be commenced uring site condition full of moisture, which eases plant strike its roots and grow s bstantially in the following monsoon. This aims plant struck its root as soon as pssible in 1 pre-monsoon and grow in the follow monsoon; and Practice planting local species - mostly of grass and shrub species and some short sized locally preferred trees - preferredto general ones on the sit s requiring d its roots' quicker struck and coverage. This is possible with only those species that has been naturally selected and striving for long within local con itions and available resources- moisture, soil depth, nutrients etc. I I 12.1.3 FindingsIobservations and Proposed Bio- engineeringMeasures I Site assessments in regard to slope conditions along the Satbanjh - ~hula~hakalignment were made, and accordinglyits findings I observations citing its bed compositic/nincluding soil content along with prospective mitigation measures have also been pdoposed as presented in Table 10. I Table 10: FindinglObservationand Proposed Bio-engineering Measures Ch. (Km) Side Finding/Observation Proposed Bio- C LH RHS engineering Measures Cut slope surface composed of Slope preparation weathered RM soil requires Planting rooted grass armouring the slope. slips Tree/Shrubglantlng Cut slope surface composed of Slope preparation weathered RM lateritesoil. Planting rooted grass slips p Possibility of bank cutting, GM Slope preparation I clay soil surface requires Planting rooted grass armouring the slope. slips Sowing of shrub seed ~ r e e l ~ h rplanting u b Possibility of bank cutting, GM Slope preparation clay soil surface requires rooted grass armouring the slope. sowing of shrub seed Small landslide composed of GM Sowing of shrub seed clay. RHS GM clay soil. Tension crack Slope preparation observed on head scar. Brush layering Possibility of slope failure at the p Loose GM spoil soil. Tension Slope preparation crack on road edge observed Planting rooted grass slips Brush Layering TreeIShrub planting Slope failure due to undercutting, Slope preparation composed of red laterite soil. Planting rooted grass Backfill of gabion wall requires slips reinforcement of back fill Brush Laverincl material. ~ r e e l ~ h r u&nthg b GM laterite soil. Possibility of Slope preparation slope failure due to undercutting Planting rooted grass , Islips Weathered RM laterite in the first i Slo~e~re~aration , . , half length and laterite soil in the Planting rooted grass second half length. Slope failure slips may occur due to undercutting Sowing of shrub seed 1 TreeIShrub planting Small shear failure of slope Slope preparation composed of GM lateritesoil. Planting rooted grass 1slips Existing breast wall at road loop Tree plantation requires to be supported. 1 I Existing gabion wall requires to Tree plantation be supported. S. Ch. (Km) Side Finding/Observation Proposed Bio- N LH RHS engineering Measures S 14 5+505-5+525 LH Red laterite soil surface. Slope preparation S Possibility of slope failure due to Planting rooted grass I I I 1 undercutting.- ( slips 1 1 I - TreeISbrub planting 15 5+645-5+715 LH Existing wall requires to be ( Treepl)antation supported and anchor near Road I loop. I Small landslide composed of GM Slope breparation clay soil may damage the upland plantidg rooted grass 1 1 1 agriculturalland. 1 slips ~ I Small landslide composed of gravel mixed clay soil may Plantiqg rooted grass 1 damage the upland agricultural slips I 1 I land. ) Shrub (planting 0 p- 18 7+350-7+400 coarse GM clay soil. Sowing of shrub seed Broad(zsting grass seeds1 19 8+210-8+260 LH Weathered RM red laterite soil. Slopepreparation S slope failure may occur due to SowinD of shrub seed 1 I 1 undercutting I 20 8+280-8+330 LH Weathered RM red laterite soil. slopelpreparation S slope failure may occur due to Sowinb of shrub seed I I I !' 21 8+360-8+370 LH GM red laterite soil. Slope may slope^ preparation S fail due to undercutting Brush layering Sowidgof shrub seed road casting grass seed4 22 8+450-8+480 LH Red laterite soil surface. Cut Slopelpreparation S slope may fail due to plantikg rooted grass undercutting slips 23 8+480-8+500 LH Small slope failure due to Slope preparation S undercutting. Weathered RM Planting rooted grass lateritesoil slips 1 24 8+600-8+630 LH Red laterite cut S surface. Slope due to undercutting. - I~ree//Shrubplanting 25 8+700-8+730 LH Weathered RM clay soil. Slope ~owit/tgof shrub seed / I S 1i (may fail due to undercutting. I h 0 - 8 + 7 2 0 1 ( RHS 1Loose spoil soil composed of ) ~ r u s, layering $- 1gravel mixed clay. 27 8+735-8+750 1 1 LH 1 1 GM laterite soil. Cut slope SIOR$ preparation 1 . . . I I s I (surface requires armouring and planding rooted 4 S. Ch. (Km) Side Finding/Observation Proposed Bio- N LH RHS engineeringMeasures S bacMill of breast wall requires slips reinforcement. Brush Layering 28 8+750-8+800 LH GM clay soil. Landslip may occur Brush layering S due to undercutting and surface Sowingof shrub seed 1water. 29 9+060-9+090 LH Weathered RM soil surface. Sowing of shrub seed S Possibility of slope failure due to 1undercutting. 30 9+950-9+970 RHS Stone quarry site composed of Sowing of shrub seed GM lateritesoil. Broadcasting grass seeds 31 10+420- RHS GM clay soil surface. Possible Slope preparation slope failure due to surface water Planting rooted I I grass and undercutting. I slim - ~ r b e l ~ h rplanting u b 32 10+860- LH Weathered RM red soil. Slope preparation 10+890 S Landslide may occur due to Planting rooted grass undercutting. slips - - - - Brush layering 33 10+860- RHS Loose spoil soil composed of red Brush layering 10+890 laterite. Tension crack observed TreeIShrub planting at the road edge. 34 12+300- LH Coarse GM clay soil. Slope may Sowingof shrub seed 12+330 S fail due to surface water and Broadcasting grass Iundercutting. seeds 35 12+340- LH Coarse GM clay soil. Slope may Sowingof shrub seed 12+360 S fail due to surface water and (undercutting. 36 12+500- ( LH 1Stone quarry site composed of Slope preparation I coarseto GM clay. Slope may fail Brush layering due undercutting and surface Sowing of shrub seed water. Broadcasting grass Weathered RM soil at head scar- Slope preparation GM clay above the existing Brush layering breast wall. Rill formation due to Sowing of shrub seed surface water. Broadcasting grass seeds Dry stone rip-rap drain 38 14+160- RHS Loose GM clay soil near road Brush layering I 14+190 loop requiresreinforcement. 39 15+190- RHS Weathered RM soil. Backfill of Brush layering 15+200 gabion wall requires Sowing of shrub seed Ireinforcement. ~ 40 116+550- 1RHS (GM red laterite soil. Gully Brush layering I I 116+570 I I formation due to discharge from Large bamboo plantation 1 pipe culvert. Gully control is TreeIShrub planting necessary. 41 16+550- LH GM laterite soil. Landslide due to Slope preparation 16+560 S surface water may threat the Planting rooted grass S. Ch. (Km) Side Finding/Observation Proposed Bio- N LH RHS engineering Measures S building above. slips Shrub $lanting 42 16+64.0- RHS Spoil material composed of GM Slope preparation 116+670 1 clay. It requires reinforcement. I Brush Ibyering 43 1 16+830- I L H I I Small landslide composed of red / Slope dreparation I I 16+840 I S I I laterite soil has damaged the plantin+ rooted grass upland agriculture land. Backfill slips 1 I ) of gabion wall requires Shrub planting reinforcement. Brush Ibyering 44 16+900- LH Old landslide with gravel mix clay Slope $reparation I I 16+920 S soil may chock the culvert due to Plantinb rooted grass I I ( undercutting. Brush l~ayering 45 ( 17+830- RHS Loose spoil laterite soil. Gully Slope fireparation I formation due to discharge from Plantin rooted grass culvert. Tension crack on road slips edge observed. Brush layering Lar'gebamboo plantation 4 Dry st ne rip-rap drain Gabio check dam EarthNork excavation for founddtionin GM soil. Shrub planting Small landslide composed of Slope preparation 17+875 gravel mixed red laterite due to Plantilg rooted grass undercutting. slips , 1 Shrubplanting 147 21+520- I RHS 1 Weatheredrock mixed soil. ) sowink- of shrub seed Loose GM clay soil below gabion Tree planting wall. Rill erosion and possibility Brush layering of undermining of gabion wall Dry stone rip-rap drain ~ foundation. ~ LH 1 1 I-oose GM clay spoil soil. Brushlayering I S ( Possibilityof road edge erosion. I I LH Loose GM clay soil. Required to Brushlayering S trap materials moving down the 1 I I road and to reinforce the soil, I GM loose soil. Gully formation ~rushilayering ~ due to culvert discharge. Gully ~abioln-check dam in control works are necessary. I1gully Earthwork excavation for Earthyork excavation for foundbtionin GM soil. S. Ch. (Km) Side Finding/Observation Proposed Bio- N LH RHS engineering Measures S 53 26+200- LH , Soft weatheredRM red soil. Sowing of shrub seed - Loose GM clay. Gully formation Tree planting due to surface water. Brush layering Large bamboo planting Dry stone rip-rap drain Gabion check dam in gully Earthwork excavation for foundation in GM soil. RHS Loose GM clay soil at road loop. Planting rooted grass Rills formation and possibility of slips undermining of gabion wall Brush layering foundation. Dry stone rip-rap drain LHS Loose spoil soil composed of Brush layering 1 27+550 1 gravel mixed laterite. 57 1 29+030 ILHS Gully formation below dry stone Large bamboo planting 1 I 1 ( wall- foundation requires to Dry stone check dam in gully Earthwork excavation for foundation in gravel mixed soil. 58 29+025- RHS Old landslide composed of gravel Slope preparation mixed red soil. Rill and gully Planting rooted grass formation due to surface water. slips Sowing of shrub seed Dry stone rip-rap drain Shrub planting GM clay soil. Gully formation and Sowing of shrub seed undermining of gabion wall Brush layering foundation. Large bamboo planting Dry stone rip-rap drain Gabion check dam in gully Earthwork excavation for -- - 1foundation in GM soil. 6029+410- LHS Spoil gravel mixed red soil. ) Brush layering 129+460 I 1 IFormation of rills below dry wall / foundation. LHS GM clay soil, spoil soil below Brush layering gabion wall, gully formation at Dry stone check wall the end of wall. Earthwork excavation for foundation in GM soil. 162 30+475- RHS Weathered RM laterite soil. Slope preparation 30+495 Small landslide due to under Sowing of shrub seed cutting. 63 30+570- RHS Stone quarry site composed of Slope preparation 30+590 weathered RM lateritesoil. Planting rooted grass slips Brush layering S. Ch. (Km) Side Finding/Observation Proposed Bio- N LH 1 RHS enginepringMeasures I I Shrub $lanting 64 30+850- RHS Coarse GM clay soil. Slope may Sowing of shrub seed 1 30+950 I 1 ( fail due to undercutting and 1 I I surface water. I I RHS Small landslidecomposed of GM Slope treparation laterite soil. Slope may fail due to Planting rooted grass under cutting. Surface armouring s l i ~ s ~ is necessary. shrub b~anting RHS Small landslide composed of GM Slope breparation laterite. Backfill of breast wall Plantinb rooted grass ' requires reinforcement and slips ~ surface armouring. Brush l~ayering Sowindof shrub seed 1 ~hrubblantin~ New landslide due to Slope breparation - undercutting. Red lateritesoil. ~~antinbrooted grass slips ~ Brush layering 1 Shrub planting GM clay soil. Toe of gabion wall Tree planting I requires support and anchor the slope. 69 32+350- RHS Weathered RM clay soil. The Sowing of shrub seed 32+380 slope may fail due to undercutting. I 70 32+350- LH Loose GM clay soil. Brushayering 1 32+380 S Reinforcement of embankment slope is necessary. 71 32+400- LH Existing retaining wall requires Tree dlanting 1 I 32+450 1s I (support and anchor below I I foundation. I 72 32+500- RHS BM red laterite soil. Gully sowine of shrub seed I E formation due to surface water. Dry st ne rip-rap drain 1Dry st ne check dam Earth ork excavation for foundhtionin GM soil. 73 32+550 LH BM soil. Gully formation below Dry stbne check dam dry wall. ~ o eprotection is ~ ~ r orkhexcavation for t necessary. found!on in gravel mixed soil. RHS BM laterite soil. Slope may fail Sowin~gof shrub seed due to undercuttin . RHS BM laterite soil. S l o ~ emav fail Sowinla of shrub seed - 32+680 due to undercutting. 76 32+830- RHS BM laterite soil. Slope may fail ~owir/gof shrub seed 32+970 due to undercutting. I 77 33+130- LH Possibility of shoulder edge brush^ layering --- 33+240 S 78 33+260- LH GM red laterite soil at road loop Slopepreparation 133+280 I S 1 / requires armouring and support. IPlantihg rooted grass I S. Ch. (Km) Side Finding/Observation Proposed Bio- N LH RHS engineering Measures S slips Shrub planting 79 33+400- RHS GM red laterite at road loop Slope preparation 33+410 requires armouring and support. Planting rooted grass slips I Shrub planting 80 33+600- RHS Cut slope surface composed of Slope preparation 33+650 GM clay. Planting rooted grass sli~s s k i n g of shrub seed 81 33+880- LH Cut slope surface composed of Slope preparation 33+910 S GM clay. Planting rooted grass slips Shrub planting 82 33+950- LH Cut slope surface composed of Slope preparation 34+000 S GM clay. Backfill of breast wall Planting rooted grass requires reinforcement. slips Brush layering Sowing of shrub seed 34+000 .LH Small gully, require to drain Brush layering S surfacewater safely. Dry stone rip-rap drain may fail due to undercutting. Planting rooted grass slips Shrub planting I RHS Red. laterite soil. Slope may fail Slope preparation due to undercutting. Planting rooted grass slips Shrub planting RHS Small landslide composed of red Slope preparation lateritesoil. Planting rooted grass slips Shrub planting RHS Old landslide composed of GM Slope preparation clay. Planting rooted grass slips Brush layering Sowing of shrub seed I I I 35+280- /RHS 1Old landslide composed of GM clay. slips Shrub planting Brush layering S. Ch. (Km) Side FindingDbservation Proposed Bio- N LH RHS engineeringMeasures S 89 35+880- RHS GM clay soil. Backfill of breast Slope preparation 35+905 wall requires reinforcement. Brush lgyering Sowing;of shrub seed I I I 90 36+015- RHS GM clay soil. Backfill of breast Brush lbyering 36+115 wall requires reinforcement. Sowing of shrub seed I I I I I 91 36+107 RHS Gully formation due to surface Gabion check dam in p water requires to be checked. !3ull~ Earthw rk excavation for founda ion in GM soil. 92 36+750- RHS BM red laterite soil. Fresh cut Slope ereparation 36+850 slope. Plantinjg rooted grass slips 1 1Brush layering Shrub blanting I I I I I I I I I Note: (i)GM :Gravel Mixed (ii) BM: Boulder Mixed (iii)RM: Rack Mixed I 12.1.4 Selection Criteria of Plant Species I I Suitable plant species for the proposed bio-engineering works will be identified and selected based upon the following key points. ,I Prompt root striking Drought resistant Rapid growth Long Living Adapt to the individual site condition. Substantialroot growth 12.1.5 Quantity and Cost Estimate for Bio-engineering Works 1 I Quantity in regard to proposed mitigation measure for correcting vulnerable slqpesbased on its site specific assessments have been worked out according to its spot risk level (Table 11). These quantities in turn have also been translated into cost basbd on rate analysis worked out for each items (Table 12). ,I TableII: Quantity Estimate for Bio-engineeringworks Name of Road: Satbanjh-Jhulaghat Road 14 5+505-5+525 LHS 100 100 100 15 5+645-5+715 LHS 2000 16 6+550-6+570 RHS 300 300 300 17 7+190-7+210 LHS 200 200 200 18 7+350-7+400 RHS 1000 1000 1000 19 8+210-8+260 LHS 500 500 20 8+280-8+330 LHS 400 400 21 8+360-8+370 LHS 100 20 100 100 I 22 8+450-8+480 LHS 100 100 23 8+480-8+500 LHS 300 150 150 40 LHS 24 8+600-8+630 150 150 150 e of Road: Satbar ~JhulaghatRoad Chainage Sidc Remarks 8+700-8+730 LHS - 8+7 10-8+720 RHS 8+735-8+750 LHS - 8+750-8+800 LHS 9+060-9+090 LHS 9+950-9+970 RHS 10+420- RHS 10+470 - 10+860- LHS 10+890 10+860- RHS 10+890 12+300- LHS 12+330 400 400 12+340- LHS 12+360 150 12+500- LHS 12+580 1200 300 1200 1200 14+120- LHS 14+180 1000 500 1000 1000 6 -- 14+160- RHS 14+190 200 15+ 190- RHS 15+200 20 100 16+550- RHS 16+570 100 4 16+550- LHS -- -- - -- -- ---m--- ------- 16+560 l o o 1 o r - -_------- -- - -- ------ ---- -. - ---- ------- --- ~ ~ 16+640- RHS 16+670 300 250 16+830- LHS 16+840 50 50 50 10 ie of Road: Satbanjh-JhulaghatRoad Items and Quantity Chainage Side Remarks SP(m41R G S ( ~ * ) T/S(Nos.)BLlm) G S ( m ' ) BP(Nos.) DRR(~') GcD(rn3) DCD(~') E W ( ~ ' ) 16+900- LHS 16+920 200 200 200 40 17+830- RHS 17+850 300 300 300 200 10 5 15 5 17+865- LHS 17+875 50 50 50 21+520- RHS 21+560 400 22+770- LHS 22+780 800 60 5 - 23+850- LHS 23+860 50 24+000- LHS 24+050 100 24+970- LHS 24+980 150 15 5 25+650 LHS 200 50 13 26+200- LHS 26+230 500 26+400- LHS 26+450 200 150 20 I 0 25 8 26+400- RHS 26+450 200 200 2.5 27+530- LHS 27+550 200 29+030 LHS 10 7 3 29+025- RHS 29+045 500 500 500 500 4.5 29+125- LHS 29+200 150 2000 50 7.5 30 10 29+410- LHS 29+460 300 - --- - - -- 29+600- LHS 100 8 3 - e of Road: Satbanjh-JhulaghatRoad Items and Quantity Chainage Side - Remarks sp(m2) R G S ( ~ ~T/S(Nos.) ) BL(m)G S ( ~ ~ss(rn2) BP(Nos.) ) D R R ( ~ ~G C D ( ~ ~ D C D ( ~ ~E) W ( ~ ~ ) ) ) 29+620 30+475- RHS 30+495 150 150 30+570- RHS 30+590 100 100 60 30+850- RHS 30+950 1500 --- 31+230- RHS 31+240 100 100 --- 32+220- RHS 32+230 100 100 20 100 32+280- LHS 32+300 150 150 40 32+270- RHS --- -- 32+330 800 32+350- RHS 32+380 250 32+350- LHS 32+380 300 32+400- LHS 32+450 - ---- 800 32+500- RHS 32+580 1200 2.5 15 5 32+550 LHS 8 3 -- 32+600- RHS 32+630 400 32+650- RHS 32+680 300 ------- 32+830- RHS - -- -- ---- ~ -- --- - - --- -- 32+970 400 33+130- LHS 33+240 -- 140 33+260- LHS . 200 200 200 Name of Road: Satbanjh-JhulaghatRoad Items and Quantity SN Chainage Side Remarks sp(m2) RGS(~') TIS(Nos.) BL(m)Gs(rn2) ss(m2) BP(Nos.) D R R ( ~ ~GcD(rn3) DcD(rn3) E W ( ~ ~ ) ) 33+280 33+400- RHS 79 33+410 100- 100 - 33+600- RHS 80 33+650 500 500 500 33+880- LHS 81 33+910 300 300 300 33+950- LHS 82 34+000 400 400 100 400 83 34+000 LHS 20 4.5 34+350- LHSI 84 34+400 RHS 400 400 400 34+450- RHS 85 34+500 150 150 150 34+850- RHS 86 34+870 150 150 150 35+220- RHS 87 35+250 400 400 200 400 35+280- RHS 88 35+290 200 200 200 40 35+880- RHS 89 35+905 250 100 250 36+0 15- RHS 90 36+115 200 800 91 36+107 RHS 25 7 36+750- RHS 92 36+850 1500 1500 1500 200 Total quantity 15650 10550 14800 5760 3900 16720 94 47.5 160 38 62 Name of Road: Satbanjh-JhulaghatRoad Items and Quantity Remarks S P ( ~ ' ) R G S ( ~ ~TIS(Nos.) / / ) /BL(m) Gs(m2) I /[ E W ( ~ ~ ) Note:SP=Slope preparation, RGS=Plantingrooted grass slips, T/S=Tree/Shrub planting, BL=brush layering, GS=Broadcastinggrass seeds, SS=sowingof shrub seeds, BP=large bamboo planting, DRR=Drystone rip-rap drain, GCD=Gabioncheck dam, DCD=Dry stone check dam, EW=Earth work excavation for foundation. Table 12. Cost Estimate for Bio-engineering Works cification Clause No. 285 ---------- -------------------- - - ~ ~ ~ ~ 12.2 Critical Spots Requiring Urgent Mitigation Action Site assessments in regard to slope conditions along the Satbanjh - ~ h u l a ~ hIRoad a t alignment were made. No critical spots requiring urgent mitigation action at the;time of visit were observed I I I 13. IMPLEMENTATIONMECHANISM: I I Environmental impacts induced by road upgrading begin to surface up and are dbserved when Contractor's construction activities commences and are taking upgrading with its severity, limits and extent depending on how seriously implications are understood and respected. 1 Environmental concerns and measure up to its study along with its management need on the site during implementation is well recognized, organized and respected. How ver, this still has to surface up with the Contractor who undertake construction activities wi h a little or no respect to the environment, inflicting tremendous damage on the environm nt. This damage is due to absence of technical skill, know how, control etc, more specific Ily of an environmental expert, which needs to be in place with the Contractor as do or other disciplines. I 14. ITEMSTO PROVISION IN BID DOCUMENT I 14.1 SERVICES OF ENVIRONMENTALCUM BIO-ENGINEERINGEXPERT I Bid document needs to provision, as a responsible contractor to procure Environmental cum Bio- engineering expert who will be accountable to his representative (supervising consultant) and responsible for Environmental Management Action Plan on the site of this Environmental Expert's job is to work in close contact especially with Environmental upgrading induced implications within conditions of contract and special bio-engineering works in line with Environmental Expert also regularly needs to report on the status, conqitions of environmental safeguards practiced to the employer through its representative. ~ 14.2 REINSTATEMENTOF PUBLICUTILITIESANDSERVICES I I Rural trails, water supply lines, irrigation canal systems often damaged by the pgrading works and abandoned without respect needs to its reinstatement. q I Bid Document needs to provision items of PCC or Rock Mortar Type Conditions; cost for this item need to be addressed and incorporated in bid 1 Bid Documents needs to provision of items 1" or 112" Dia GI Pipe over Ro d Cross Sections; cost for this item need to be addressed and incorporated in bid docum nts ~ Bid Documents needs to provision items of PCC or Dry Rock Lining ~ a t c h i nSite ~ Conditions; cost for this item need to be addressed and incorporated in bid docuhent Items to provision in Bid Document otherwise not included in other headings ofi contract, are outlined in Table 13. I Table 13: ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE RELATED WORK ITEMS A ~ ITS D ESTIMATED COSTS IN ROAD UPGRADING WORKS I I EnvironmentalProtection Work Per Unit Items 1I I I Nos. 1I Cost 1ITotalI Action , I 1 I I Omanize trainino cum workshooon construction and environmental 1 management p&ciples to ont tractor's Fleld Supew~sor,Laborforce Tra~ningcum workshop PS Gangleader 1 I I I I I 3 Reinstatementof PublicUtilities and Sewices I I I I I Bid Document needs to provisionitems of P C or Rock Mortar Type PS 1MatchingSite Conditons;cost for this item nied to be addresed and I incorporated in bid document i 3.1 Trails (HillsideI Valleyside) 1 Bid Documentsneeds to provision of items 11'or 112"Dia. GI Pipe PS over Road Cross Sections; cost for this item need to be addresed and incorporatedin bld documents I 3.2 Drinking Watersupplies I I Bid Documents needs to provision items of PCCor Dry Rock Lining PS Matchina Site Conditons: cost for this item nkedto be addresed and incorporatedin bid document 15. SITE SUPERVISION, MONITORING AND REPORTING I I The strict supervision of construction activities needs to be in place prior to abd during road upgrading to ensure that: I I Works are constructed in accordance with the approved designs and ~ Environmentalimpacts are fully mitigated with the EMAP I I A standard system of site inspections, approvals and reporting shall be undert4kenover the period of road upgrading. I Monitoring and reporting of environmental management activity prior to and dqring road upgrading shall also be undertakenas outlined in Table 14. I The Supervising Consultant shall undertake the following site inspections, in cdnjunction with the Contractor, where specified to: I assist in site planning and oversee constructionsand its environmentalimpacts 15.1 PRE-CONSTRUCTIONPHASE I I Two pre-construction inspections of section of alignment shall be undertakgn by the Supervising Consultant and Contractor. ,I Pre-construction Inspection 1: Shall involve a site review of upgrading worlGs along a stretch of 4 -6 km of road. It will serve to: I I Identify and locate by Chainagesite - specific environmental problems I Identify and locate by Chainageprospective labor force campsites I , ldentify and locate by Chainageservices that needs to be reinstated I I ldentify and locate by Chainage prospective excess cut 1fill materials disposal ~ ldentify and locate by Chainagesources of rock for retaining wall construction ~ Plan the phasing of construction along the alignment avoiding duplication of works and optimization of local resources use. I During the inspection, Supervising Consultant and Contractor shall discuss and agree upon issues list above, including the services that need to be reinstated as well as acceptable excess cut / fill disposal sites. The Supervising Consultant shall, accordingly, document the type and locatidn of all services that need to be temporarily reconnected and reinstated by the ~ontractdr,and a copy of this to the Contractor. I Pre-construction lnspection 2: Shall occur after the Supervising consultant has surveyed and pegged the crest and toe of cut I fill batter, retaining wall sites, dr;ain lines and the Contractor has pegged all excess cut I fill materialsdisposal sites, campqitesetc. The Supervising Consultant shall review the sites pegged by the Contractor andapprove them for construction where appropriateor request the Contractor to re-peg sites4 Follow-up lnspection - any specific sites that require re-pegging shall be re-i by the Supervising Consultant and the Contractor. The Supervising approve these sites or request the Contractor to re-peg as necessary. 15.2 CONSTRUCTIONPHASE I The Supervising Consultant shall undertake daily, weekly, and monthly superv/sion and inspections of upgrading works during the period of construction and of camcsites as necessary. I I Daily Supervision - the Supervising Consultant shall supervise the followihg works under construction each day: Excavation activities Fill embankment construction Excess cut I fill materials disposal ~ 1I If any activities are not undertaken in accordance with the contract or EMAP c nditions, the Contractor shall be verbally requested by the Supervising Consultant to r ctify the situations. Weekly lnspections the Supervising Consultant shall undertake weekly insp - conjunction with the Contractor, of all the works inspected during the daily well as the following work under construction: Retaining and breast wall construction Drains construction Reinstatement of public utilities and services Quarry 1burrow pits If any activities are not undertaken in accordance with the contract or EMAP +nditions, the Supervising Consultant shall document these activities and specify measures in the Weekly Report. The Supervising Consultant shall provide a c Weekly Report to the Contractorwithin 2 days of the lnspectionfor action. All drainage works and drain outlet areas will be inspected after each major s t o h event. I I Monthly lnspections - the Supervising Consultant shall undertake a monthly Inspection of all sites in use over the precedingmonth, as well as site activities currently inprogress, at the end of each month in conjunction with the Contractor. I I I I If any activities are not undertaken in accordance with the contract or EMAP conditions, the Supervising Consultant shall document these activities and specify corrective measures in the Monthly Report. The Supervising Consultant shall provide a copy of the Monthly Report to the Contractor within 2 days of the Inspection for action. I 15.3 PROJECTLEVEL MONITORING I Supervising Consultant shall, on behalf of project, undertake its level of moni!oring of road upgradings leading to gravel seal standard. This monitoring will be of tqree tiers nature with: I I Daily Supervision- Excavation activities, Fill embankment construction and Excess cut I fill materials disposal ~ Weekly lnspections - Retaining and breast wall construction, Drains constructioh, Reinstatement of public utilities and services and ~ u a r rIyburrow pits ~ Monthly lnspections- inspection of all sites in use over the preceding month, 4s well as site activities currently in progress, at the end of each month in conjunction with the Contractor. 1 15.4 DoRLEVEL MONITORING DoR shall undertake bi-annual monitoring of upgrading works with specific focus on issues associated with road upgrading, level of contractor's non respect to EMAP, site constraintsetc. I Table 14: MONITORING OF ROAD UPGRADING'S ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTIVITY Environmental Schedule Phase Action Responsibility Performance Indicator i Obtain all necessary permits prior to commencing any Prior to commencing s r a d i n g works DoR Work Commencedas scheduled constructionactivities Prior to constructions Provide a copy of all permits to the contractor DoR Copies received Permits Adhere to all terms and conditions Contractor No case of conditions infringed During constructions Obtain written permission from private landholders to conduct activities on their land prior to its commencing, and provide Prior to commencing copies to SupervisingConsultant Contractor Permissionobtained construction activities Organizeand convene the 'EnvironmentalManagement Prior to commencement of O gr anized Targetedto Road Construction Practitioners'as outlined Table DoR, Supervising Training cum construction activities 1bio- 13 as a part of Capacity Building Consultant engineeringworks Trainina AIl contractor'stechnicalfield staff attend the 'Environmental Pre- Respect to Effective Implementation ManagementTargeted to Road ConstructionPractitioners ' - specific construction of site EMAP and receive accreditationprior to construction commencing Prior to commencing Contractor construction activities Consultant As required Suoervisina I Consultant and Jointly inspect the surveyed works Contractor Worksite Survey, Pegging Locate, peg out and seek approval from the Supervising All works constructed as pegged and Approval Consultantprior to the commencement of related activities Supervising and approve, if correct, all pegged sites Continueto survey and peg out at least 2000 m of upgrading Supervising ahead of furtherest of construction underway Consultant As required I I / Constructions Locate, peg out and seek approval from the Supervising Laborforce Campsite Established at Consultantfor the Laborforce Campsite Establishment Contractor Designated Location only LaborforceCampsite Supelvising No complaints received from local 14*Bmt Inspect and approve, if correct, all pegged sites Consultant people Weekly -- ----- - - - ~ --- - ---- -- - ---- Provide and maintain safe drinking water, sewerage and waste No reportswaferbornedlseases;--- - - - - - - - ~ disposal facilities at the camps Contractor tidy campsites Weekly Recycle or dispose of solid waste as directed by the SupervisingConsultant Contractor No reports of solid waste indisposed Monthly 1 1 Environmental Schedule Phase Requirement Action Responsibility Performance Indicator Liaise with affected communities regarding upgrading works Contractor . As required Full legal respect to forest products, Laborforce Campsite Ensure laborforce act in a responsible manner to local people; wildlife, aquatic life etc by the Management no harvest or take private resources, forest products, wildlifeI laborforce aquatic life poaching etc IContractor As required Restrct working hours to and between 07:OO- 19'00 hrs IContractor As required I I No services requiring reinstatement Inventory- all public utilities i existing services to be reinstated . Consultant, I IContractor IAs rewired I Agreement reached on services to be Locate and reach agreement with affected people on the services to be maintained, temporarily cut and reinstated, reinstated Reinstatementof Public UtilitiesIExisting Services including the timing, location of cuts and reinstatement Contractor Maintain or provide temporary services during construction Contractor As required Full functioning of temporary services Reinstate or repair all interrupted services to their previous capacity Contractor As required Supervising Full functioning of reinstated services Inspect and certify the reinstatement of services Consultant Weekly Survey and peg out Retaining Wall (RW) sites prior to any road Supervising All RWsconstructed as pegged excavation Consultant As required Supervising DiscussionIconsensus on pegged Consultant, works Jointly inspect the surveyedIpegged works Contractor As required Retaining Wall Supervising Construction Construct RW progressively prior to commencing each No excavation initiated prior to associated excavation once certified by the Supervising Consultant, associated RW construction Consultant Contractor Daily 1Weekly ( Backfill RW in layers not exceeding 150 mm with adequate 1 1No backfillsettlement exceeding 100 1 1 compaction in place mm after one wet season Contractor Daily I Weekly Save all available topsoil from earth cuttings and re-use it on -7-e C&XW hv d - p - p p No sight of topsoil mishandlings As re uired - - - - Strip and stockpile topsoil, if available, from all sites to be Topsoil, where available, stockpiled disturbed Contractor away from subsoil As required Environmental Schedule Phase Requirement Action Responsibility Performance Indicator Survey and peg out crest of all cut batters and toe of earth Supervising embankment prior to any related excavation Consultant All batters cut as pegged only Supervising Consultant, Discussion 1consensus on pegged Jointly inspect the pegged embankments Contractor works As required 1weekly - - Embankment Construction and Excavation Bench the natural surface foundation of each embankments Earth work foundation fully benched prior to filling to enable the keying in and compaction of earth Contractor prior to embankment filling DailyIAs required Embankment fill in layers not exceeding 150 rnm at a time with No backfill settlement exceeding 100 moist compaction mm after one wet season Contractor Daily 1As required Identify, peg and seek approval fro the Supervising Consultant for prospective excess cut 1fill materials disposal locations Contractor WeeklyIAs required Excess CutIFill Materials Inspect and approve, if correct, all pegged excess cutIfill Supervising Excess cutIfill materials disposed at 3isposal materials disposal sites Consultant approved locations in a correct way Weekly /As required Instruct the machine operatorIlaborforce on the approved excess cut1fill materials disposal locations and supervise its correct placement Contractor WeeklyIAs required Survey and peg designed drainage lineworks prior to sonstruction.Outlet drains into existing naturalIstable Supervising Pegged as designed drainage lines 3rainagelines Consultant Weekly 1As required Supervising Consultant, DiscussionIconsensus on pegged Jointly inspect the pegged drainage lines Contractor drainage lines Weekly 1As required Zonstructall desianed drainaae lineworks orior to. durina or rnmediatelyfollowing excavaGonto minimize eros'ion h&ards Minimal erosion hazards Weekly 1As required nspect all drainage lineworks and erosion hazards after each No major erosion around drain lines, najor storm event during the period of upgrading. Repair all sauseways etc 'ailedlineworks as directed by the supervising Consultant WeeklyIAs required Appendix 1: Photograph Sh~eets Photograph Sheet 1: Satbanjh-Jhulaghat Road Khalanga (Baitadi District HQ) on the hill top at Well established the far end above the gabion wall; elsewhere ~ Gabion wall installed over the fresh slide -just at the Hill side view of fresh slide, ver which gabion end section of successful bio-engineering works, wall installed at its base (ch which should have been well extended to nose end Opposite end view of gabion wall installed fresh Valley side view of fresh slide o the same road n slide section I I Photograph Sheet 2: Satbanjh-Jhulaghat 'Road Poly pipe crosses the road section, risk to Prospective Burrow pit- potential materials crushing during upgrading works; replace with '/z source of base / sub base course but need further dia GT nine investi~ations Hill side rocks extracted in the past by the local Gabion wall installed at the far bottom slide; community; potential source of materials - base / sub need prohibition on rock extractions base course materials; need further investigation Enforce complete restriction on rock extractions Jhulalghat bridge over the Mahakali river, India on the other side Appendix 2: Bioengineering Wbrks Table of Contents , INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... ............1 I SLOPE ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................ ............1 VEGETATION INVENTORY OF THE SURROUNDING ..................................................................1 PROPOSED PLANT SPECIES FOR BIO-ENGINEERING WORKS ...................................!.............3 ! I METHODOLOGY OF BIO-ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS .........................................................3 1I METHODS OF BIO-ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS .....................................................................4 I I NURSERY ESTABLISHMENT ...............................................................................................................8 I NURSERY OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT: ...............................................................................8 1 Introduction Satbanjh-Jhulaghat road (0+000 - 37+000 Km) is located in Far Western Development Region of Nepal. It passes through a series of hills in the mountain. It is the part of principal access route (Dhangadhi-Dadeldhura-Satbanjh-Jhulaghat) to the western border area of Nepal connecting India. It links the district headquarter of Baitadi with Jhulaghat, one of the trade centre at the border of Nepal and India. The alignment of the road passes through the mountainous terrain with terraced land, gullies, climatic diversity, different rocks namely soft, medium and hard rock, fragile geological characteristics. Therefore, the road was planned to implement bioengineering technique in mitigating the possible adverse environmental impact along the road alignment and its' surroundingduring the development activities. In consideration to the above matter, site visit was made during July 22- August 04, 2007. During the visit, details of existing and possible cut and fill slopes, existing landslides, spoil area, and possible landslide during construction of road, incorporation of bio-engineering measures with the civil structures, and proper water management were assessed. Appropriate bio-engineering measures for the individual road slope segments and landslide area are presented in the tabular form. Identified and proposed quantity for the protection of soil erosion and landslides also proposed. 2. Slope Assessment Slope Assessment for this stretch of road was carried out in the field that aims to justify the necessity of proper bio-engineering application as well as to determine appropriate technique required for different nature of vulnerable slopes. During this assessment visit, it was intended to incorporate site characteristics of each spots in line with a check list such as geomorphology, rainfall, altitude, drainage system, aspect, wetness of area, stoniness, length and depth of failure, slope material drainage, vegetation pattern along the road and its surrounding. The nature of the existing slope materials are poorly drained. The altitude ranges from about 500 mslto 2100 msl. The soil type of the Satbanjh-Jhulaghat road sections compose mainly the mixture of .red laterite, clay and weathered rock. Series of rock outcrop were observed during the site visit. The soil type of some stretch of road section, mainly from ch. 0+000-7+500Km is composed of soft rock mixed with clay. There exist weathered rocky area in hill slope from ch. 7+500- 37+000 Km except some stretch where clay soil surface and boulder mix soil exist. In valley side slope, discharging of the surface water has developed the large gullies mostly at the culvert. It requires due attention to check the further development. Therefore, bare slopes at the hill and valley side including tip area of spoil material requires careful revegetationthrough proper bio-engineeringtechniques to protect the cut and fill slopes from soil erosion and landslide. Similarly, it is also necessary to check the undermining of civil structures, to protect the adjoining agricultural land, and forest. 3. Vegetation Inventory of the Surrounding Due to climatic diverse in the region, identificationand selection of plant species for the local environment is very essential for the good survival and for the good result. Thus the assessment of indigenous plant species along the road corridor and its surrounding area was carried out. Main emphasis in the inventory was given to use locally available indigenous species. Following TreeIShrubs and Grass Species were found during inventory I survey (Table1). Table 1 Tree, Shrubs, Grass observed during site assessment Km) I3 Kattus 1 I Angeri ' Not known Chutro Ghangaru I Gurans Not known Choerospondias axillaris Tooni 1 Toona ciliate Phulkanda 1 Lantana camara [ Machhain 1 Not known ' Asare ( Lagerstroemia pan~iflora Dhudhilo 1 Ficus neriifolia 1 Nibharo Ficus auriculata Suntala (ii) Grass observed during site assessment(Ch: 0+000-18+500 Km,) - Local Name Botanical Name Phurke Arunduella nepalensis 1Thysanolaena maxima 1Nevraudia arundinacea I 1 Babiyo 1Eulaliopsisbinata Salimo Khar 1Themeda species ~ (iii) TreelShrubsobserved during site assessment (Ch: 18+500-37+000 Km) I ( Local Name (Botanical Name Salla 1 Pinux roxburghii Bakaino I Melia azedarach 1Koiralo 1 Bauhinia variegata Khanyu 1 Ficus semicordata I Tilka (Wendlandia species I Chiuri I Aesandra butyracea 1 Sal i I Accacia catechu 1 ' Paiyun ( Prunus cerasoides Amala Phyllanthus emblica Tooni Toona ciliate LPhulkanda I Lantana camara ( Machhain I Not known I Khirro I Se~iuminseane I Nibharo / Ficus auriculata Sajiwan 1 Jatrophacurcas - Asuro Adhatoda vasica Ritha Sapindus mukorossi Jamun 1 Syzygium cumini Kettuke ' Agave americana - Sindure I Not known Dhanvero I Woodfordia fruticosa I1 Ank -- {:o Km) Local Name Botanical Name Phurke Arunduella nepalensis Amliso Thvsanolaena maxima Sito INeyraudia arundinacea , Babivo I Eulalio~sisbinata I Salimo Khar 4. Proposed Plant Species for Bio-engineeringWorks Trees 1shrubs, suitable for bio-engineering works, are outlined in Table 2. Table 2. l k s Local Name Botanical Name Areri Accacia pennata 1Keraukosa 1 Indigophera atroturpurea 1 ,Bhujetro 1 Butea minor Sajiwan / Jatropha curcas 1Machhain 1 Not known Ank I Calatropha giganteurn Bakeno 1 Melia azedarach Koiralo ( Bauhinia variegafa Nibharo 1Ficus auriculata 1Asuro 1Adhatoda vasica Khaver 1 Accacia catechu Paiyun Prunus cerasoides Kettuke Agave americana Grass ILocal Name )Botanical Name Phurke 1Arunduella nepalensis Amliso 1Thysanolaena maxima Sito Babiyo Eulaliopsis binata 1 Salimo Khar 5. Methodology of Bio-EngineeringApplications Execution of bio-engineering application for the proposed works shall be carried out based upon the standard bio-engineering specification prepared by GEU (currently renamed to GESU) of DoR and engineer's instructions. 6. Methods of Bio-Engineering Applications a) Slope trimming for bioengineeringworks: Slope surface must be trimmed to a straight angle in line with drawing and insttuction of concernedengineer.Straightprofile shall be obtained as far as possible. I All masses of loose debris must be removed; concavities shall be filled with well compacted materials. ! Convexities shall also be removed, and must ensure that the general profile does nht have a shape giving over steep segments. ~ I All loose material will be removedfrom the slope and tipped in an approved location only. Slope Trimming 1 b) Grass slip plantation: I Grass to be planted shall be obtained from local nursery and also from natural so possible. Followingsteps shall, however, be followed for grass plantations: Individual grass slips must be carefully separated from the clumps to give the maxi plantingmaterials. Planting of grass slips shall be started from the top of the slope and ended towards valeyside. I Using a small planting bar, a hole shall be made along the line marked by string. Separated grass slips shall be inserted into the hole with a care 'not to bend the root back to tke surface'. Soil must be replaced around the roots and firmed with the fingers. Spacing of the plants within the row shall be 1OOmmwithinthe row and 250 mm between the rows. 1 t If and where the soil is dry and no rain within 16 to 24 hrs of planting, the site mu e watered with fine spray. .- 1 1 Grass Planting c) TreeIShrubplantation: Tree 1shrub seedlings to be planted shallbe obtainedfrom projectnursery. The plantationsshall be undertaken as follows: Site shall be prepared to ensure that its condition site is good enough for the successful establishmentof tender and susceptibleyoung plants. The spacing the plants shallbe determined according to individual site conditions. Approved species of plant shall be supplied from the nursery. Plants must be about 300 mm in heightabove the soil surfacewith a proportionate root shoot ratio. Plantingshall be startedat the top of the slope and ending at the valley side. Pit must be prepared 300 mm x 300 mm in size and seedlings shall be planted, backfilled and compacted with feet. Tree/ShrubPlanting d) Brush layering: Materialsfor brushlayeringshall be obtained directlyfrom sources-local nurseryor nahral site. Brush layer materials (hard wood cuttings) shall be obtained directly from the local oursery if establishedand produced. I I Starting from the top of the area to be treated exact, lines shall be marked out and end at valleyside. I i After the line markingis completed, starting at the bottom of slope a back slope terrac (1:lO) of approximately 300mm width x 100mm inner depth and 300-400mm outer dept will be I excavated along a lines. Cutting shall be placed into the terrace at 50mm centre and two thirds of its lengtld must be buried into soil. Brush Layering I ~ I I e) Tree I Shrub Seeding TreeIShrub seeds are sown so as to give coverage of one plant every 250mm cent& to centre distance. I I Prior to seed sowing, all loose debris must be cleared off from the slope. i Starting from the top of the slope and moving downwards, a hole little bigger than se made with planting bar. Seed shall be put into holes (2 nos. seeds per drill) and covered with soil. ~ I Tree Shrubs Seeding f) Direct Broadcasting of Grass Seeds. Surfaceto be seeded must be scarifiedusing a gardener's fork. Startingfrom the top, grass seed shall be broadcasted liberally over the slope @ 25 gm/m2. Grass Seeding WellGrowingGrass Seed g) Fascines: Material for fascines (hardwood cuttings) shall be obtained directly from the source - local nursery or natural site. Startingfrom the bottom of the area to be treated, exact line should be marked out. Starting from the bottom, trenches approximately 200 mm in depth should be excavated along the lines. Cuttings should then be laid along each trench, so that they lie horizontally along the trench. There should normally be 'eight cuttings' together. They must also be overlapped so that no two ends coincide. Cuttings must then be tied using jute string at 500 mm intervals to form a bundle. As the fascine is created, it therebyforms a continuous bundle along the trench. Trench should then be backfilled and gently compacted. The top of the fascine should be 50 to 100 mm below the surface. Any loose or excess material is cleared down the slope before the nextfascineis laid. Laying of fascines Cross Section h) Bamboo plantation: Bamboo to be planted shall be obtained from the sources.-local farmers. Suitable individual clump near the edge of the parent clump must be selected, separated and dug out with rhizome carefully. Clump must be cut off 2 m above ground level (at the most). , Rhizome must be wrapped with damp hessian and transported to site. Large hole i.e. 5 times the size of rhizome, must be dug and planted right angle to the slppe. Hole must be backfilled and compacted well. I I I I I 7. Nursery Establishment I I The bioengineering works requires big number of grass slips, shrub and trees. So it is needed to establish separate nursery in the project site itself to meet the demgnd. The proper location for the nursery shall be established in consultation with engineqr for the following reasons: ~ To produce required quantities of grass slips, shrub and trees in healthy condition. ~ To make available in the right time. I It is unlikely to receive required quantities from other sources. , Nursery site selection is the key point in the success of the plantation project. ~ b n c ethe , contractor shall consider the following main factors as mentioned below: I I I Wherever possible, nursery shall be established on the road alignment areas. Nursery site shall be selected in such areas where there is a reliable and adequatesupply of water, which remains constant thought the year. I I Nursery shall be all weather vehicular access. I 4 Nursery shall have a perimeter of stock proof fencing, effective against all domestic animals. Nursery shall have a weather and pest proof office cum seed store and prop r storage facilities for seed. Seed must be kept cool, dry and in sealed containers, as sdecified in clause 2801 and 2802 of Geo environment Unit of DoR. I Nursery must be provided with at least two above ground compost bays, built of stone, brick or timber. These shall be used on an alternative basis to ensure a continual (supply of compost. I I Where a nursery is established an a slope exceeding 2' the ground shall be leveled by terracing before beds are constructed. ,I 8. Nursery operation and Management: I The project shall operate the nursery according to high standard. The nursery /s to be staffed well tended at all times. It would be maintained in a clean, tidy and efficiept manner at all times. Plants shall always be healthy and vigorous. I Plants must be kept properly weeded at all times. , Watering, as required for good plant growth, must be carried out regularly in the 6001 of the evening between the sunset and dusk. The contractor shall ensure that the soil in all beds is kept moist but not saturated at all times. Beds must kept moist even when empty, so that the soil is kept in good condition. The timing of all nursery operations is of the utmost importance. Activities such as seed sowing and taking of cutting must be carried out within the critical few weeks when they will yield the desired results. Most other operations, such as spacing out, root pruning and watering must also be carried out in timely manner. The purpose of nursery is to supply good quality, healthy plants of the correct type of species, at the precise time they are required, and at a reasonable cost. Appendix 3: Rate ~ n a i ~ s i s Rate Analysis for Bio-Engineering Works 27(2)(a) Collectionof grass clumps (e. g. amliso,Kans, Khar, Phurke, salimo, Babiyo etc.) from sourkes within 1 km of road. Unit: I O O ~NOS S.N. Description Unit Quantity Rate(Nrs) Amount(Nrs) ~emajks 1 Labour ~ a) Unskilled PD 1.50 165.00 247.50 2 Material a) hessianjute s ~ m 5.00 20.00 100.00 3 Tools & plants(3% of labour cost) 7.43 Total direct cost 354.93 27(8)(f)Planting rooted grass slips on slopes 45'- 60°including preparation of slips on site. operati+ includes diggingplantinghole to a maximum of 5 cm depthwith metal rod or hard wood peg, depenping on nature of soil. The planting drills should be 1 Add 15% overhead & profit 5.53 Total cost 34.90 Ratel sqm=Nrs 34.90 Hence, Rate per nos. of seedling = 5.46 I I 27(4)(b) Preparing potting mix and filling polypots, including all materials for container seedings.( Note: 1 kg of 200 gauge polypots (4" x 7" laid flat)=464 bags. Unit:1000 Nos. Hence, Rate per nos. of seedling = 2.81 27(4)(c) Direct sowing of treelshrub seeds into polypots including seed treaternent, by sowing one seed in half the pots and two seeds in the other half. Unit1000 Nos. Hence, Rate per nos. of seedling = 0.33 Total production cost of seeding per nos.=27(3)(b)+27(4)(b)+27(4)(c)=Nrs 8.60 27(9)(c) Planting containerised tree and shrub seedlings, including pitting, transplanting,composting and mulching, on slopes 30'- 45'. Pit size 30 cm diameter x 30 cm depth. Mix compost with soil and backfill into pit, to 114 of pit volume. Unit:lO Nos. Rate per nos. of seedling =Nrs 19.85 27(10)(a) Collection of hardwoodcutting for plantingmaterial (eg. Assuro, namdiphul, simali etc. or appropriate for the area) from sources within 1 km of road. Material to be approx 1 m in length and minimum 5 cm in diameter. Unit: 100dNos 27(10)(b) Preparationand planting of live cuttings of selected species (e.g. Assuro, bains, kandaful, ) saruwa, simali or approppriate for the area) of minimumI m length to 0.5 m into hard ground.Pegs ~ I spaced at 5 cm center within the row and interwoven wi I Unit:I MI / ~ o t acost l 36.551 ) 1 I Ratelm.=Nrs 36.55 I 27(7)(a) Broadcastinggrass seeds on slopes c40°, seeding rate 25 gmlm2 I I Unit: 104Sqm S.N. Description Unit Quantity Rate(Nrs) Amount(Nrs) ~emdrks 1 Labour I l a) Unskilled PD 0.17 165.00 28.05 I I 2 Material l a) Seeds kg 2.50 300.00 750.00 Total direct cost 778.05 Add 15% overhead and profit 116.71 Total cost 894.76 Rate1Sqm.=Nrs 8.95 27(7)(d) Sowing shrub or tree seeds on all slopes at 25 cm intervals, includingdiging planting hole4to 5 cm depth and covering with soil. Two seeds per plantingholes. I I Unit: 100 Sqm S.N. Description Unit Quantity Rate(Nrs) Amount(Nrs) Remarks ILabour 27(10)(d) Site preparation for fascine laying: earthwork work in excavation of trench to 20 cm depth. Unit:I.. -. .-. m.. . s.N./ Description I Unit IQuantity / Rate(Nrs) I~mount(Nrs)/ Remarks la) Unskilled IPD 0.061 165.00 1 9.90) 21Material - -- 3 Tools & plants(3%of labour cost) 0.30 Total direct cost 10.20 Rate/m.= 10.20 27(10)(e) Laying of live fascines, using live hardwoodcuttings of selected species (eg. Assuro, namdi phul, simali etc. or appropriate for the area) of minimum 1 m length, placed in bundles to give 8 running meters of cuttings per meter of fascines, incl Unit: I m S.N. Description Unit Quantity Rate(Nrs) ~mount(Nrs)] Remarks 1 Labour a) Unskilled PD 0.17 165.00 28.05 2 Material a) Hardwood cuttinas Nos 8.00 0.14 1.I Ref:27110Ma) 6 3 Tools & plants(3%of labour cost) 0.84 Total direct cost 30.05 Add 15% overhead and profit 4.51 Total cost 34.55 24.Supply and planting of large bamboo in gully or landslide(traditiona1planting) having sufficient rhizome and atleast 2 m of culm above ground. Unit: Im -- S.N. Description u n i t ~ u a n t i t ~Rate(Nrs) ~m;nt(~;) Remarks 1 Labour la) Unskilled IPD 0.061 165.001 9.90Ref: Rate analysis -...-.- 21Material 1 .-. norms of a) Large bamboo Nos 1.OO 100.00 100.OOministry of 3 Tools & plants(3%of labour cost) 0.30forest and soil Total direct cost 110.20conservation, Add 15% overhead and profit 16.53clause 24. Total cost 126.73 RatelNos=Nrs 126.73 5(a) Slope preparation for bio engineering works in soft debris soil and disposal of material to the approved locations(averagedepth 15cm) Unit: Sqm S.N. Description Unit Quantity Rate(Nrs) Amount(Nrs) Remarks 1 Labour 0.15*0.7= a) Unskilled PD 0.11 165.00 17.33 0.105 PD Total direct cost 17.33 Add 15% overhead and profit 2.60 Total cost 19.92 Rate1Sqm.=Nrs 19.92 ANNEX-A Rate Analysis for Bio-EngineeringWorks 27(2)(a) Collection of grass clumps (e. g. amliso,Kans, Khar, Phurke, salimo, Babiyo etc.) from Sources within 1 km of road. Unit: 1000Nos S.N. Description Unit Quantity Rate(Nrs) Amount(Nrs) ~dmarks 1 Labour a) Unskilled PD 1.50 165.00 247.50 I 2 llrlaterial ~ a) hessian jute sqm 5.00 20.00 100.00 ~ 3 Tools & plants(3%of labour cost) 7.43 Total direct cost 354.93 I 27(8)(f)Planting rooted grass slips on slopes 45'- 60°including preparation of slips on site. 0~4ration includes digging planting hole to a maximum of 5 cm depth with metal rod or hard wood peg, dcbpending on nature of soil. The planting drills should be spaced 100 mm within the row and 250 mm beqeen the row. I I Unit! Isam I I S.N. Description Unit Quantity Rate(Nrs) Amount(Nrs) demarks 1 Labour a) Unskilled PD 0.12 165.00 19.80 2 Material a) grass slips Nos 40.00 0.35 14.20 Ref: 27(2)(a) b) hessianjute s ~ * 0.11 20.00 2.25 3 Tools & plants(3%of labour cost) 0.59 ~ I Total direct cost 36.84 ~ I Add 15% overhead & profit 5.53 ~ Total cost I 34.90 ANNEX-A 27(3)(b) Construction of standout beds for tree seedlings in polypots, including material for beds and shades. Bed is 100 cm wide x 15 cm high, with 5 cm layer of gravelplaced above the compacted ground, TTOOIS 1 --- - & plants(3% of labour cost) 29.70) !Total direct cost 3057.961 1 Sqm of bed stand 128 Nos of 4" x 7" polypots. Hence, Rate per nos. of seedling = 5.32 27(4)(b) Preparing potting mix and filling polypots, including all materials for container seedings.( Note: 1 kg of 200 gauge polypots (4" x 7" laid flat)=464 bags. Unit:1000 Nos. S.11. Description Unit Quantity Rate(Nrs) Amount(Nrs) Remarks 1 Labour a) Unskilled PD 10.00 165.00 1650.00 2 Material Nrs a) Polypot Nos. 1050.00 0.27 283.50 1251464=0.27 b) Sand Cum 0.46 1235.00 568.10 c)Soil Cum 0.70 300.00 210.00 1.3 mdlcum, d) Compost Cum 0.23 214.50 49.34 ref:27(6)(b+c) 3 Tools & plants(3%of labour cost) 49.50 Total direct cost 2810.44 Hence, Rate per nos. of seedling = 2.81 27(4)(c) Direct sowing of treelshrub seeds into polypots including seed treatement, by sowing one seed in half the pots and two seeds in the other half. Unit:1000Nos. Hence, Rate per nos. of seedling = 0.33 Total production cost of seeding per nos.=27(3)(b)+27(4)(b)+27(4)(c) =Nrs 8.46 ANNEX-A 27(9)(c) Planting containerised tree and shrub seedlings, including pitting, transplanting, composting and mulching, on slopes 30'- 45'. Pit size 30 cm diameter x 30 cm depth. Mix compost with soil and backfill into pit, to 114 of pit volume. nit:^^^ NOS. S.N. Description Unit Quantity Rate(Nrs) Amount(Nrs) Relmarks 1 Labour a) Unskilled PD 0.40 165.00 66.00 I 2 Material I Ref: 2?(3)(b) +27(4\(b)+ a) Seedlings Nos. 10.00 8.46 84.60 27(4) P b) Compost Cum 0.05 214.50 10.73 c) Green mulch Cum 0.04 198.00 7.92 1.2 rrd/Cum 3 Tools & plants(3%of labour cost) 1.98 Total direct cost 171.23 I Add 15% overhead and profit 25.68 I I Total cost 196.91 I Rate per nos. of seedling =Nrs 19.69 I, 27(10)(a) Collection of hardwood cutting for planting material (eg. Assuro, namdiphul, simali etcl or appropriatefor the area) from sources within 1 km of road. Material to be approx 1 m in length and minimum 5 cm in diameter. ~ 27(10)(b) Preparationand planting of live cuttings of selected species (e.g. Assuro, bains, kand~aful, saruwa, simali or approppriate for the area) of minimum 1 m length to 0.5 m into hard gr0und.P~eg.s spaced at 5 cm center within the row and interwoven with vegetation. i.e Brush Layering I I unit; 1 M. ANNEX-A 27(7)(a) Broadcasting grass seeds on slopes <40°, seeding rate 25 gm/m2. 27(7)(d)Sowing shrub or tree seeds on all slopes at 25 cm intervals, includingdiging planting holes to 5 cm depth and covering with soil. Two seeds per planting holes. Unit: 100Sam 27(1O)(d) Site preparation for fascine laying: earthwork work in excavation of trench to 20 cm depth. Unit: Im. Is.N.1 Descri~tion I Unit I Quantitv IRate(Nrs) I~rnount(Nrsd Remarks 1 1 Labour a) Unskilled PD 0.06 165.00 9.90 2 Material 3 Tools & plants(3%of labour cost) 0.30 Total direct cost 10.20 ANI\IEX-A 27(10)(e) Laying of live fascines, using live hardwood cuttings of selected species (eg. Assuro, namdi phul, simali etc. or appropriate for the area) of minimum 1 m length, placed in bundles to give 8 running meters of cuttings per meter of fascines, including backfilling of trench and careful compaction. : Unit: ?m S.N. Description Unit Quantity Rate(Nrs) Amount(Nrs) Reinarks 1 Labour a) Unskilled PD 0.17 165.00 28.05 I 2 Material ~ a) Hardwood cuttings Nos 8.00 0.14 1.16 Ref:27(1O)(a) 3 Tools & plants(3% of labour cost) 0.84 , Total direct cost 30.05 I Add 15% overhead and profit 4.51 Total cost 34.55 Ratelm.=27(1 O)(d)+27(1O)(e)=Nrs 44.75 24.Supply and planting of large bamboo in gully or landslide(traditiona1planting) having sufficien4rhizome and atleast 2 m of culm above ground. I Unit:Im - S.N. Description Unit Quantity Rate(Nrs) Amount(Nrs) ~dmarks l 'I Labour a) Unskilled PD 0.06 165.00 9.90 Ref: kate 2 Material analysis a) Large bamboo Nos 1.OO 100.00 100.00 ?'$;bf Tools & plants(3% of labour cost) 1 0.30 I 3 fore t and soil Total direct cost 110.20 cons rvation, Add 15% overhead and profit I6.53c~au)e24. Total cost 126.73 ~ I 5(a) Slope preparation for bio engineering works in soft debris soil and disposal of material to tqe I approved locations(average depth 15cm) I unit]Sam S.IV. Description Unit Quantity Rate(Nrs) Amount(Nrs) Remarks 1 Labour 0.15(*0.7= a) Unskilled PD 0.11 165.00 17.33 O.lq5 PD I Total direct cost 17.33 ~ ( Add 15% overhead and profit 2.60 Total cost 19.92 ~ Appendix 4: Forr)lats