Page 1 World Bank Loan Funded Turpan Water Conservation Project In Xinjiang, China Comprehensive EIA Report Project Implementing Agency: World Bank Loan Funded Project Management Office of Turpan Prefecture Water Resources Bureau EIA Preparation Team: Environmental Expert Panel of World Bank Loan Funded Project Management Office of Turpan Prefecture Water Resources Bureau March 12, 2010 E2332 V1 Page 2 1 Table of Contents Foreword 7 1 General Description 10 1.1 Project Background 10 1.2. General Information of Comprehensive Environmental Assessment Report 24 1.3 Considerations of the EIA 27 1.4. EIA Scope, Period and Protection Targets 29 1.5. Environmental Impact Factors and EIA Factors 41 1.6. Overall Frame of Environmental Impact Assessment Report 54 2 Framework for Policies, Laws and Administration 56 2.1 Environmental Policies, Regulations and Documents 56 2.2 Environmental Administration Organization and its Responsibilities 71 3 Project Description 77 3.1 Project Name and Its Compositions 77 3.2 Owners of Subprojects 77 3.3 Brief Introduction to Subprojects 77 3.4 Objectives of Each Subproject 81 3.5 Land Occupation for Project and Countermeasures 83 3.6 Layout of Construction Roads for Each Subproject 84 3.7 Layout of Dumping Areas and Quarries for for Each Subproject 85 3.8 Construction Method 88 3.9 Establishment of Integrated Basin Management System and Relevant Institutions 93 3.10 Project Implementation Schedule and Investment 97 4. Environmental General Information at the Project Area 100 4.1. Environmental General Information in Turpan Prefecture 100 4.2. General Information of the Natural Conditions of the Sub-Project Sites 125 4.3 Regional Environment 142 4.4. Environmental Impact Assessment in the Project Area 145 4.5 Basic Information of Attentional Issues on the Safety Guarantee Policy of the World Bank 153 5 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) 156 5.1 EIA During Design Period 156 5.2 EIA During Construction Period 156 5.3 EIA during Operation Period 188 5.4 Regional Accumulative Impact Assessment 225 6 Mitigation Measures 236 6.1 Reservoir Project 236 Page 3 2 6.2 Canal building (rehabilitation) works 296 6.3 Water saving irrigation works 313 6.4 Protection of Kareses 331 6.5 Integrated Mitigation Measures 338 6.6 Investment for Environmental Protection Measures 339 7 Environment Risk Analysis and Mitigation Measures 340 7.1. Environment Risk Assessment of Explosives and Oils 340 7.2. Environment Risk Assessment of River Pollution in the Construction Period 342 7.3. Risk of Dam-Break 342 8 Alternative Analyses 351 8.1 With and Without-Project Analysis 351 8.2 Reservoir Construction Subprojects 352 8.3 Water-Saving Irrigation Subprojects 364 8.4 Canal Rehabilitation and Construction Subprojects 365 8.5 Karez Protection Subproject 367 9 Cost-benefit Analysis of Environment Economy 371 9.1. Objectives and Benefits of the Project Development 371 9.2. Expected Benefits from the Project 373 9.3. Environmental Benefit 374 9.4. Social Enefit 375 9.5. Economic Benefit 376 9.6. Summary 377 10. Public Participation and Information Disclosure 378 10.1. Publicity of Sub-Projects 378 10.2. Information Disclosure of Comprehensive Environmental Assessment Report (CEA) 402 10.3. Conclusion 407 11 Resettlement and Social Impacts 411 11.1Brief Introduction of Resettlement 411 11.2 Project Impacts 411 11.3 Policy Framework and the Rights Reserved 411 11.4 Compensation Standards for Land and Houses 412 11.5 Institutional Organization 414 11.6 Vulnerable Groups 414 11.7 Machenism to Settle Complaints and Grievance 415 11.8 Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) 416 11.9 Funding and Implementation of the RAPs 418 12 Environmental Management Institution of Project Component 420 Page 4 3 12.1 Environmental Management System 420 12.2 Implementation of EMP 428 12.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan 435 12.4 Cost Estimation and Fund Source of Environmental Management 458 13 Conclusions and Recommendations 460 13.1 Project Objectives and Components 460 13.2 Conclusitons from Assessment of Current Environmental Status 460 13.3 Conclusions of This EIA 462 Page 5 4 Annexes 1. Letter of Appointment 2. Written Reply of Approval to EIAs (EIA Tables) of the Sub-projects 3. Written Reply of Approval to the Water and Soil Conservation Plans of the Sub- projects 4. Official Letter on Cultural Relic Preservation in Construction of Meiyaogou Reservoir of Turpan City 5. Report on Survey of Cultural Relics in Meiyaogou Reservoir Area of Turpan City 6. Official Letter on Cultural Relic Preservation in Construction of Ertanggou Reservoir of Shanshan County 7. Report on Survey of Cultural Relics in Ertanggou Reservoir Area of Shanshan County 8. Written Reply to Resttlement Arrangemetn of Ertanggou Reservoir 9. Cost Estimate for Funding Preservation of Cultural Relics 10. Official Letter on Cultural Relic Preservation in Construction of Alagou Reservoir of Tuokexun County 11. Report on Survey of Cultural Relics in Alagou Reservoir Area of Tuokexun County 12. Cost Estimate for Funding Preservation of Cultural Relics 13. Minutes of Meeting of Representatives of Resettlers for Construction of Ertanggou Reservoir 14. Written Reply to to Resttlement Arrangemetn of Ertanggou Reservoir Page 6 5 Attached Maps 1. Map 1-1 Overall Layout Plan of Meiyaogou Reservoir Construction Project of Turpan City 2. Map 1-2 Overall Layout Plan of Ertanggou Reservoir Construction Project of Shanshan County 3. Map 1-3 Overall Layout Plan of Alagou Reservoir Construction Project of Tuokexun County 4. Map 1-4 Overal Layout Plan of Water-saving Irrigation Project in Turpan City 5. Map 1-5 Overal Layout Plan of Water-saving Irrigation Project in Shanshan County 6. Map 1-6 Overal Layout Plan of Water-saving Irrigation Project in Tuokexun County 7. Map 1-7 Overall Layout Plan of Taerlang Branch Canal of Turpan City 8. Map 1-8 Overall Layout Plan of Canal Lining of Shanshan County 9. Map 1-9 Overall Layout Plan of Alagou Main Canal Construction of Tuokexun County 10. Map 1-10 Overall Layout Plan of Wudaolin Karez Preservation Project in Turpan City 11. Map 2-1 Overall Construciton Plan of Meiyaogou Reservoir of Turpan City 12. Map 2-2 Overall Construciton Plan of Ertanggou Reservoir of Shanshan County 13. Map 2-3 Overall Construciton Plan of Alagou Reservoir of Tuokexun County 14. Map 2-4 Overall Construction Plan of Water-saving Irrigation Project in Turpan City 15. Map 2-5 Overall Construction Plan of Water-saving Irrigation Project in Shanshan County 16. Map 2-6 Overall Construction Plan of Water-saving Irrigation Project in Tuokexun County 17. Map 2-7 Overall Construction Plan of Taerlang Branch Canal of Turpan City 18. Map 2-8 Overall Construction Plan of Canal Lining of Shanshan County 19. Map 2-9 Overall Construction Plan of Alagou Main Canal of Tuokexun County 20. Map 3-1 Sketch Map of Layout of Environmental Protection Measures for Meiyaogou Reservoir Construction of Turpan City 21. Map 3-2 Sketch Map of Layout of Environmental Protection Measures for Ertanggou Reservoir Construction of Shanshan County 22. Map 3-3 Sketch Map of Layout of Environmental Protection Measures for Alagou Reservoir Construction of Tuokexun County 23. Map 3-4 Sketch Map of Layout of Environmental Protection Measures for Water- savinng Irrigaiton Project of Turpan City 24. Map 3-5 Sketch Map of Layout of Environmental Protection Measures for Water- savinng Irrigaiton Project of Shanshan County 25. Map 3-6 Sketch Map of Layout of Environmental Protection Measures for Water- savinng Irrigaiton Project of Tuokexun County 26. Map 3-7 Sketch Map of Layout of Environmental Protection Measures for Taerlang Branch Canal of Turpan City 27. Map 3-8 Sketch Map of Layout of Environmental Protection Measures for Canal Lining Project of Shanshan County 28. Map 3-9 Sketch Map of Layout of Environmental Protection Measures for Alagou Main Canal Construction Project of Tuokexun County 29. Map 3-10 Sketch Map of Layout of Environmental Protection Measures for Wudaolin Karez Preservation Project of Turpan City 30. Map 4-1 Sketch Map of Layout of Water and Soil Conservation Measures for Meiyaogou Reservoir Construction of Turpan City 31. Map 4-2 Sketch Map of Layout of Water and Soil Conservation Measures for Ertanggou Reservoir Construction of Shanshan County 32. Map 4-3 Sketch Map of Layout of Water and Soil Conservation Measures for Alagou Reservoir Construction of Tuokexun County 33. Map 4-4 Sketch Map of Layout of Water and Soil Conservation Measures and Water and Soil Erosion Monitoring for Water-saving Irrigation Project in Tupan City Page 7 6 34. Map 4-5 Sketch Map of Layout of Water and Soil Conservation Measures for Water- saving Irrigaiton Project of Shanshan County 35. Map 4-6 Sketch Map of Layout of Water and Soil Conservation Measures and Water and Soil Erosion Monitoring for Water-saving Irrigation Project in Tuokexun County 36. Map 4-7 Sketch Map of Layout of Water and Soil Conservation Measures for Taerlang Branch Canal Construction of Turpan City 37. Map 4-8 Sketch Map of Layout of Water and Soil Conservation Measures and Water and Soil Erosion Monitoring for Canal Lining in Shanshan County 38. Map 4-9 Sketch Map of Layout of Water and Soil Conservation Measures for Alagou Main Canal Construction of Tuokexun County 39. Map 4-10 Layout of Sites for Environmental Monitoring duirng Construction and Operation Periods of Ertanggou Reservoir of Shanshan County 40. Map 4-11 Layout of Sites for Environmental Monitoring duirng Construction and Operation Periods of Meiyaogou Reservoir of Turpan City 41. Map 4-12 Layout of Sites for Environmental Monitoring duirng Construction and Operation Periods of Alagou Reservoir of Tuokexun County 42. Map 5-1 Sketch Map of Monitoring Sites of Water and Soil Erosion of Meiyaogou Reservoir of Turpan City 43. Map 5-2 Sketch Map of Monitoring Sites of Water and Soil Erosion of Ertanggou Reservoir of Shanshan County 44. Map 5-3 Sketch Map of Monitoring Sites of Water and Soil Erosion of Alagou Reservoir of Tuokexun County 45. Map 5-4 Sketch Map of Monitoring Sites of Water and Soil Erosion of Water-saving Irrigation Project of Shanshan County 46. Map 5-5 Sketch Map of Monitoring Sites of Water and Soil Erosion of Taerlang Branch Canal Construction of Turpan City 47. Map 5-6 Sketch Map of Monitoring Sites of Water and Soil Erosion of Alagou Main Canal Construction of Tuokexun County Page 8 7 Foreword Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is located in the northwest part of China, and in the middle of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region by east lies Turfan Prefecture, a basin among mountains at the foot of Heavenly Mountain in its south, 300km long from east to west and 240km from south to north, with a total area of 69,713km 2 . Its geographically position is longitude 87°16 -91°55 east and latitude 41°12 -43°40 north. Abounding with land and photothermic resources and teeming with melons and grapes, Turfan Prefecture is one of China’s famous tourist attractions with its unique natural scenery. The climate of Turfan Prefecture is typical of continental warm temperate desert zone, full of sunlight, rich in thermal energy but extremely dry with rare rainfall and frequent winds, hence the name “fire continent” and “wind storehouse”. Its annual average precipitation being 16.6 mm and annual evaporation 2,845 mm, the prefecture is one of the extremely desert areas in China. Water resources are most scarce in the place, amounting to 535 million m 3 in total. The problems with water resources utilization at the present are, on the one hand, water resources are unevenly distributed among the seasons. There are very few control structures in the mountains, so it is impossible to effect spatial regulation of water. As a result, very little surface water can be diverted and utilized during flood period and water is very short during dry season. On the other hand, deep irrigation, series irrigation and other flood irrigation methods are still being adopted in agriculture in the prefecture, which cause unnecessary waste of water. At present, industrial and agricultural development in Turfan Prefecture rely mainly on surface water and groundwater. However, in recent years, with rapid economic development water use in various sectors has been constantly increased. Especially in industries much more water has been used, resulting in sharper and sharper conflict between water supply and demand in the region. In order to meet the normal domestic and production needs, people have started exploiting groundwater in enormous quantities and water table has dramatically declined, causing a series of environmental problems: groundwater overexploitation, Kariz systems dry-up, serious conflict between water resources shortage and rapid development, and degradation of the already very fragile environment. Therefore, water saving in a planned manner and agricultural development through water saving have become the only solution to the agricultural and economic development of Turfan. In order to broaden its financing channels of water saving irrigation in agriculture, speed up its water saving society development and achieve its sustainable development objectives, Turfan Prefecture Water Bureau, Regional NDRC and Regional Finance Department agreed with the World Bank and water bureaus of Turfan City, Shanshan County and Tuoxun County on the plan to use World Bank loan at an amount of $100 million for the water conservation project in the prefecture. The proposed World Bank Financed Turfan Prefecture Water Conservation Project comprises civil works construction and management system and institutional capacity building. The construction component includes: a) constructing three medium- and small- sized mountain reservoirs; 2) reconstructing 47.5km of lined main and branch canals; b) constructing 161.4 thousand mu of water saving irrigation schemes for agriculture; c) for Kariz system preservation, restoring one selected Kariz system to protect ancient water delivery system of historical cultural heritage. The management system and institutional capacity building part includes: d) carrying out integrated water and environment management by introducing integrated basin management concept and methodology; e) for Page 9 8 institutional capacity building, establishing WUAs, monitoring and evaluation system and management information system, etc. In January 2008, the World Bank Loan Project Office under Turpan Prefecture Bureau of Water Resources (TPBWR) made detailed prophase preparation for the project. In June 2008, the World Bank Appraisal Mission visited all the project areas in Turpan Prefecture, Xinjiang, and decided the concrete activities of the project construction through discussions with TPBWR. In accordance with the recommendations of the World Bank Project Preparation Mission, TPBWR set up Environment Expert Group (EEG) of the World Bank Loan Funded Turpan Water-saving Irrigation Project (hereafter as the Project) Office in July 2008. Entrusted by TPBWR, EEG took the responsibility for the environment impact assessment (EIA) of the Project. On the basis of the EIA sub-reports from the sub-project offices, EEG drafted Comprehensive Environment Assessment Report (CEA) of the World Bank Loan Funded Turpan Water-saving Irrigation Project. From the 1 st to the 16 th January 2009, Mr. Feng Yiren and Mr. Peter (the World Bank environment experts) guided the preparation of CEA draft. In accordance with the recommendations of the World Bank environment experts, the project expertise revised CEA draft from February to April 2009 to formulate semi-final CEA. In accordance with the domestic laws and legal regulations on environmental assessment and the safeguard policies of the World Bank, the environmental impact assessment for the Project passed through all the required procedures such as information collection, site selection and environmental survey, selection and classification of environmental issues, preparation of EIA guidelines, analysis of alternative schemes, public participation and information disclosure, and the formulation of EIA report. Nowadays, the EIA reports and the soil conservation reports of all the project activities have been approved by the administrative authorities. The names and distribution of the sub- projects as well as the preparation agencies and approval dates of the EIA reports and soil conservation reports are presented in Table 0.1. The approval documents are Annex 2 and 3. Sincere acknowledgements of the great contribution to this CEA are hereby extended to Xinjiang Department of Water Resources, Xinjiang Department of Environmental Protection, the World Bank Loan Project Office under Xinjiang Department of Water Resources, Turpan Prefecture Bureau of Environmental Protection, Xinjiang Design Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower, Hunan Design Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower, Turpan Prefecture Design Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower, Turpan City Bureau of Water Resources, Shanshan County Bureau of Water Resources and Tuokexun County Bureau of Water Resources. Page 10 9 Table 0.1. Preparation Agencies and Approval Date of the Environmental Assessment Reports and Soil Conservation Reports Environmental Assessment Report Soil Conservation Report No. Code Sub-Project Technical Achievement Prepared by Administrative Authority Approval Date Approval Date Turpan City (4 sets) 1 TLF1 Meiyaogou Reservoir CEA text Xinjiang Department of Environmental Protection 2008.12.24 2009.2.6 2 TLF2 Water-Saving Irrigation 2008.12.26 2009.1.8 3 TLF3 Taerlang Branch Canal 2008.12.26 2009.1.8 4 TLF4 Karez Protection CEA Tables Xinjiang Design Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower Turpan Prefecture Bureau of Environmental Protection 2008.12.26 2009.2.6 Shanshan County (3 sets) 5 SS1 Ertanggou Reservoir CEA text Xinjiang Department of Environmental Protection 2008.12.24 2009.2.6 6 SS2 Water-Saving Irrigation 2008.12.26 2009.2.6 7 SS3 Anti-seepage Reconstruction of Ertang Branch Canal CEA Tables Xinjiang Design Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower Turpan Prefecture Bureau of Environmental Protection 2008.12.26 2009.1.8 Tuokexun County (3 sets) 8 TKX1 Alagou Reservoir CEA text Hunan Design Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower Xinjiang Department of Environmental Protection 2008.1.11 2009.3.2 9 TKX2 Water-Saving Irrigation 2008.12.30 2009.1.8 10 TKX3 Alagou Main Canal CEA Tables Xinjiang Design Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower Turpan Prefecture Bureau of Environmental Protection 2008.12.30 2009.1.8 Notes: (1) Since the 7 simple sub-projects (TLF2, TLF3, TLF4, SS2, SS3, TKX2 and TKX3) are small in engineering scale and working quantity, their impact on environment is small. In accordance with the domestic laws and legal regulations on environmental assessment and the safeguard policies of the World Bank, only environmental assessment tables are prepared for them. (2) The Soil Conservation Report was prepared by Turpan Prefecture Design Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower under the administration of Xinjiang Department of Water Resources. Page 11 10 1 General Description 1.1 Project Background 1.1.1 Geological Location of the Project Area The project is located in Turpan Prefecture, Map 1.1-1 illustrates location of the prefecture. Location of the project area within Turpan Prefecture is shown in Attachment Map 1.1-2. Map 1.1-1 Location of Turpan Prefecture in China Turpan Prefecture Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region P. R. China Page 12 11 1.1.2 Project Components The Project consists of engineering construction and management system development as its main components. Included in engineering construction are: (a) Construction of 3 medium and small size mountainous reservoirs, rehabilitation and lining of main and branch irrigation canals of 47.5 km (Taerlang branch canal in Turpan City of 22.82 km, Ertang branch canal of 18.82 km in Shanshan County and Alagou main canal of 6.50 km in Tuokexun County); (b)Agricultural water-saving irrigation: the Project shall adopt new concept and method of water-saving irrigation in construction of 160 thousand mu of water- saving irrigation area; (c) Karez preservation: a selected Karez system shall be recovered to preserve historic cultural heritage and ancient water conveyance system. Development of management system includes: (d) Integrated water resources and environmental management of Turpan Prefecture; (e) Institutional capacity building, covering consulting service, Water User Association (WUA) development, monitoring and evaluation (M&E), operation and maintenance (O&M), management information system (MIS), training, and project replication focusing on sustainable development; (f) Project management, including preparation of project documents and daily project management. Table 1.1-2. Basic Information of the Project Construction Type Name Location Code Scale Remarks Package of Engineering Construction Meiyaogou Reservoir Turpan City TLF1 Grade-III, small-size (1), total capacity 5.84 mln m3 new construct Ertanggou Reservoir Shanshan County SS1 Grade-III, middle-size, total capacity 25 mln m3 as above Reservoir Construction Alagou Reservoir Tuokexun County TKX1 Grade-III, middle-size, total capacity 45.67 mln m3 as above Water-Saving Irrigation in Turpan City Turpan City TLF2 60,200 mu as above Water-Saving Irrigation in Shanshan County Shanshan County SS2 50,000 mu as above Water-Saving Irrigation Water-Saving Irrigation in Tuokexun County Tuokexun County TKX2 51,100 mu as above total 161,300 mu Taerlang Branch Canal Turpan City TLF3 Grade-IV, small-size (1), length 22.82 km as above Anti-seepage Reconstruction of Ertang Branch Canal Shanshan County SS3 Grade-IV, small-size (1), length 18.82 km improve Canal Construction and Improvement Alagou Main Canal Tuokexun County TKX3 Grade-IV, small-size (1), length 6.50 km new construct total 48.14 km Karez Protection Wudaolin Karez Protection Turpan City TLF4 Culvert of 2.7 km, open canal 0.18 km, total length 2.88 km as above Package of Management System Construction Integrated management of water resources and environment in watersheds Page 13 12 Capacity building: (i) project monitoring and evaluation, (ii) information management system, (iii) plan of operation and maintenance, (iv) development of farmers’ water users association(v) office equipments and vehicles, (vi) policy formulation and study 1.1.3. Project Objectives 1.1.3.1 Overall Objectives Through adopting non-beneficial evapotranspiration (NBET) reduction based integrated water resources and environmental management and new concepts and methods for agricultural water saving irrigation, improve regional on-farm water infrastructures and focus on relevant software development, so as to promote sustainable water resources development and utilization and sound economic and social development of Turpan Prefecture. 1.1.3.2 Specific Objectives (1) Upgrade regional flood prevention capacity; (2) Make effective uses of flood resources; (3) Increase urban employment opportunities for the immigrant farmers; (4) Increase canal and irrigation water use coefficients; (5) Reduce NBET in the project area; (6) Reduce total evapotranspiration (ET) in the project area; (7) Increase agricultural production value of the project area; (8) Mitigate and slow down drop of groundwater table of the project area; (9) Preserve the cultural heritage, or the Karezes; (10) Keep project management in the region in track with international practice. 1.1.4 Environmental Significance of the Project Implementation 1.1.4.1 Environmental Crisis and Challenges the Project Area is Confronted with (1) Poignant conflicts between water supply and demand and great crisis of groundwater resources Turpan Prefecture has scarce precipitation but strong evaporation, being an area suffering serous resources-limited water shortage problem. However, along with social and economic development and rapid growth of population, demands for water in the region have doubled and redoubled, making the conflicts between water supply and demand even more poignant. Additionally, due to the improper structure of water uses in the river basin, unscientific spatial regulation and allocation of water resources, lower water use efficiency, water resources in Turpan Basin, especially groundwater resources, are now faced with serious Page 14 13 crisis that has impacted on regional development and will inevitably constrain sustainable overall development of the region. Figures 1.1-3 through to 1.1-5 illustrate changes of groundwater tables of the one city and two counties in Turpan Prefecture in the period from 1988 to 2000. From the figures it can be seen that groundwater table kept falling in Shanshan County and Turpan City, and in Shanshan County groundwater drop was especially serious and daunting, by nearly 20 m in 15 years. Such situation makes it clear that preventing groundwater table from falling in Turpan Prefecture is a task that brooks no delay. Figure 1.1 - 3 Changes of Groundwater Table in Turpan City Year Groundwater Table (m) 218.5 559.9 7.1 3.7 0 : \03 Figure 1.1 - 4 Change s of Groundwater Table in Shanshan County \03 Groundwater Table (m) 227.0 347.3 7.1 3.7 0 : \03 Year \03 Page 15 14 (2) Outstanding Conflict between Expansion of Oasis Eco-environmental System and Regional Groundwater Drop Caused by Irrigation Water Uses in the Oases Turpan Prefecture is dominated by agricultural development. After the 1960s, along with rapid growth of population, the region saw a great increase of cropping area. Before 1980s, there had been a big fluctuation of cultivated areas in Turpan Prefecture. After 1980s, along with improvement of agricultural techniques, actual irrigated area in the region has been expanded, while the cultivated land area has been relatively reduced. Vegetation coverage data of Turpan Prefecture are derived based on interpretation of the SPOT remote sensing images of 3 periods including 1986, 1998 and 2004, respectively. Multi-spectra image in 1986 with resolution rate of 20m was used to obtain data of vegetation coverage of 1986, multi-spectra image in 1998 with resolution rate of 20m and syncretized full-color image of 1999 with resolution rate of 10m were used to obtain data of vegetation coverage of 1998, and multi-spectra image of 2004 with resolution rate of 10m was used to derived data of 2004. Figure 1.1-6 Vegetation Coverage in 1986 Figure 1.1 - 5 Changes of Groundwater Table in Tuokexun County \03 Groundwater Table (m) 235.4 688.5 7.1 3.7 0 : \03 Year 328.5 578.5 7.1 3.7 0 : \03 Vegetation Coverage Area: 623.67 km 2 Shanshan Yila Lake Turpan Vegetation Page 16 15 Figure 1.1-7 Vegetation Coverage in 1998 Figure 1.1-8 Vegetation Coverage in 2004 Changes of vegetation coverage in Turpan Prefecture in 3 time periods are quite obvious in the above 3 figures: in 1986 the coverage area was about 623.67 km 2 ; in 1998 it increased to around 867.39 km 2 , with an average annual increase of about 20.31 km 2 in the 12 years from 1986 to 1998; in 2004 the vegetation coverage in the region reached 1081.34 km 2 or so, with an average annual increase of about 35.66 km 2 in the 6 years from 1998 to 2004. In terms of spatial distribution of the vegetation, it should be noted that the originally scattered small patches of vegetation had been adjoined and formed clusters of vegetation. According to Turpan Prefecture Agricultural Bureau, increase of vegetation coverage in Turpan Prefecture from 1986 to 2004 is mainly because of expansion of irrigated areas, resulting from nonrestraint of land reclamation and irrigation development. Water resources are the constraint to development of irrigated agriculture in the oases. When the conflict between expansion of irrigated area and water shortage became fierce and surface water and water from Karezes could not satisfy water requirements for irrigation, people in the region started to drill electricity-driven wells, but the powerful abstraction capacity of the wells has resulted in increasingly serious overuse of groundwater. Sharp drop of groundwater table has caused difficulties in areas previously irrigated with Karez water. Vegeta tion coverage area was 867.39 km 2 , with an increase by 243.72 km 2 compared with that in 1986 Shanshan Yila Lake Turpan Vegetation Vegetation coverage area was 1081.34 km 2 , with an increase by 213.95 km 2 compared with that in 1998 Shanshan Yila Lake Turpan Vegetation Page 17 16 From above analysis, it can be seen that expansion of irrigated area in Turpan Prefecture is one of the main reasons for drop of groundwater table in the region. Implementation of the Project in the involved city and counties will greatly reduce irrigation water uses of per unit area of the crops without reducing production of the cultivated land, and thus realize real water-saving. Meanwhile, under the Project, the plans to close up electricity-driven wells and retire cultivated land shall be implemented to save agricultural water use in the region and help to use some part of really saved water for industrial development, so as to upgrade economic value of per unit of water and increase overall income of the region. Farmers impacted by cultivated land retirement shall be compensated following the policy of industries “feed” agriculture in return, so that the limited water resources can be used to create more social wealth without lowering the living standards of the farmers. (3) Preservation of the Ancient and Traditional Heritage of Karez in Turpan Basin Becomes Extremely Urgent As a kind of special underground water conservancy project created by the hard-working and intelligent people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang based on the local natural and hydro- geological conditions, Karez is still playing an important role in agricultural production, social and economic development and environmental protection in the Turpan and Hami Basins. Therefore, it is called by people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang as “the spring of life”. Turpan City is a national level tourism resort attracting each year thousands upon thousands tourist both at home and abroad to come to see the great project of Karez, from which it is clear that the ancient water conservancy project has irreplaceable ecological and humane values. In the 1950s, irrigated area using water from the Karezes accounted for 50% of the total irrigated area in the basins, indicating that Karezes were the main irrigation water source then. However, population growth, expansion of irrigated areas and industrial development in Turpan Basin in recent years have caused over-diversion of surface water, over-abstraction of groundwater and thus the tendency of groundwater drop that are seriously impacting on water yield of the Karezes. Consequently, lots of Karezes are found dried up already. Additionally, lacking maintenance in the years past and lacking investment for repair for quite a long period is also one of the important causes for dry-up of a lot of Karezes. In 2005, Xinjiang Water Resources and Hydropower Scientific Research Institute and Turpan Prefecture Water Resources Scientific Research Institute jointly prepared the Report on Surveys to Karezes in Turpan and Hami Basins, in which amount of Karezes and their water yield in various years are presented, the statistical details are shown in Figure 1.1-9 and Figure 1.1-10. Page 18 17 Figure 1.1-9 Change of Amount of Karezes in Turpan Basin Figure 1.1-10 Change of Water Yield of Karezes in Turpan Basin From the above 2 figures, it is clear that the amount of Karezes in Turpan Basin reduced in the end of 1960s and early 1970s due to rapid expansion of irrigated area in Turpan Prefecture and the resulted dry-up of some Karezes, and the overall water yield of the Karezes also reduced to some extend. From 1961 to 1963, repair of some Karezes resulted in resumed water yield of some dried up Karezes and helped to mitigate the problem of dry-up of some Karezes. But since 1963, water demands of industrial and agricultural water uses could no longer be met if merely depending on water supplied from the Karezes, therefore, people started to drill electricity-driven wells in great amount, which resulted in a sharp rise of groundwater abstraction and rapid drop of groundwater table and, as a result, dry-up of Karezes in this period tended to be more serious. Based on relevant data, one out of every 3 Karezes dried up already and the die-out speed of the Karezes is really astonishing: totally 833 Karezes dried up as of 2003, only 404 Karezes were found with water running, but the water yield reduced to 26.8 thousand m 3 from 66.1 thousand m 3 of 1963. According to prediction by experts of Turpan Prefecture Karez Preservation and Research Association, if without timely measures taken and the current dry-up speed remains, the remaining 404 Karezes will dry up and disappear in about 20 years. From above data, it can be concluded that preservation of Karezes has become extremely urgent and the fundamental rescue method is to stop further drop of groundwater table and Page 19 18 gradually recover groundwater table. To address this need, the basic objectives of the Project is designed as: to gradually reduce groundwater abstraction and stop drop of groundwater table through reducing water consumptions of various sectors in the region while maintaining economic development. It is then clear implementation of the Project is the best approach to rescue the Karezes. (4) The Concept and Method for Integrated Water Environmental Management Needs to Be Established and Enhanced Water resources in Turpan Prefecture are scarce. In order to lead water resources utilization in Turpan Prefecture into a sustainable track, the local governments and water administrations have done a great deal of work including investigations, researches and trials, based on which the ultimate result is: there are only two approaches to solve the conflicts between water supply and demand in the region, one of them is “exploring new water sources”, and the other is “water-saving”. The approach of exploring new water sources started in the 1950s in Turpan Prefecture, and the main method used was drilling electricity-driven wells in great amount. Groundwater abstraction using the wells did mitigate in a certain period the conflict between economic development and shortage of water resources. However, the resulted rapid drop of groundwater table gave rise to a series of environmental problems in 1980s, when people gradually realized the serious consequences of exploring new water sources. According to newly obtained statistical data, overuse of groundwater in Turpan Basin currently reaches 247 million m 3 . After having seen such consequences, relevant departments in Turpan Prefecture started to enforce compulsory limits to both the quantity of new wells and water abstraction of the existing wells. However, what Turpan Prefecture adopted in doing so was the water resources management model based on balanced water supply and demand, which itself has certain irrationalities. Consequently, groundwater table in Turpan Prefecture is continuously falling. It is obvious that reform of the currently used water resource management model is very much needed if the purpose is to change the current situation of groundwater overuse in Turpan Prefecture. In pursuit of totally solving groundwater overuse problem in Turpan Prefecture, the Project shall adopt the most advanced water resources management model in the world, or the ET management-based model, to complement construction of various water conservancy structures. 1.1.4.2 Necessity and Urgency of the Project From the above analysis of water environment and eco-environment in Turpan Prefecture, it can be summarized that: over abstraction of groundwater is the primary cause for various environmental problems existing in Turpan Prefecture. Since the Project aims at totally solving the problem of over abstraction of groundwater in Turpan Prefecture, it is necessary for both promotion of water-saving irrigation method to save groundwater resources and mitigation of the conflicts between water supply and demand to mitigate groundwater environmental crisis and preserve the special local cultural heritage of Karez. 1.1.4.3 Social and Environmental Significance of the Project (1) Through implementation of the Project and its introduction of the concept and method of integrated river basin management, the problems relating to rational water resources Page 20 19 utilization can be totally solved, and optimized allocation of water resources, reduction of NBET and groundwater abstraction in the regional can be realized. Along with completion of objectives of the Project, the currently unsustainable economic growth model of Turpan Prefecture that is based on overuse of groundwater resources and destruction of environment can be changed to a sustainable model based on proper water resources planning and management. (2) After construction of the reservoirs, flood prevention capacity of the river basin can be upgraded to reduce losses caused by floods in the region, so that a safer production and living environment can be provided to the local people. (3) As the most ancient water diversion project, Karez has irreplaceable ecological and humane values. Turpan City is a national tourism resort attracting each year thousands upon thousands tourists both at home and abroad to see such a great water conservancy project. Preservation of Karez is preservation of history, and, of course, implementation of the project activities for preservation of Karez will not only protect the historical and cultural resources, but also protect local tourism resources. (4) After the project implementation, the really saved water because of water-saving irrigation activities under the Project can be used to support local industrial development, and the economic value of per unit of water resources can be increased through raising water price for industrial uses, thus the limited water resources can be used to create more social wealth. (5) Turpan Prefecture is a region where people of multiple ethnic groups are living together. The beneficiaries of the Project will be the ethnic minorities that account for the majority proportion of the total population in the project area. Along with industrial development, more employment opportunities can be created, which is favorable to promoting social stability in the region inhabited by ethnic minorities and upgrading living standard of the local people. 1.1.4.4 Eco-environmental Significance Turpan prefecture suffers resources-limited water shortage problem. In order to meet water requirements of industrial and agricultural devleopment, people in the region have started extensive groundwater abstraction, which has resulted in serous overuse of groundwater and decline of groundwater table year on year, as well as serious deprivation of eco- environmental water uses in the region that has caused gradual degradation of vegetation in the desert area. Through construction of on-farm water conservancy structures and introduction of advanced water management model, the Project shall reduce NBET and groundwater abstraction of all sectors in the region, so as to stop the tendency of rapid drop of groundwater table and thus promote virtuous development of the eco-environment in Turpan Prefecture. Additionally, after construction of the reservoirs under the Project, flood prevention capacity of the river basin can be upgraded to reduce water and soil erosion caused by floods in the region. 1.1.5 Compliance with Relevant Policies and Plans 1.1.5.1 Compliance with the “Western China Development Strategy” Page 21 20 The policy of the “Western China Development Strategy” aims at speeding up economic development of the provinces/regions in the western part of China. Along with implementation of this strategy, Xinjiang has been included as one of important provinces/regions for resources development and economic construction, which provides the prefectures in Xinjiang with new development opportunities. Turpan Prefecture is endowed with advantageous natural resources, including an abundance of mineral resources, and has great potential for economic development. At present, based on continuous agricultural economic growth and development of mineral resources and in line with national industrial policies and regional economic development strategy, Turpan Prefecture is using mineral resources development and their deep processing as the driving force, taking grapes and fruits planting and processing, chemical industry and tourism as the leading industries for the purpose of realizing full-rounded economic development. Economic development will inevitably result in increase of water uses, however, the outstanding water-related problems in Turpan Prefecture, including scarce water resources and uneven temporal and spatial distribution reflected by spring and autumn droughts, summer floods, more water in the southern part than in the northern part, are impacting seriously on the local economic development and make it clear that guaranteed water supply has become the key to realization of the above mentioned development strategy. Therefore, it is a must for Turpan Prefecture to combine water-saving with water supply increase and take water-saving irrigation as the main approach to ensure sustainable economic development. The Project proposed takes “construction of water-saving society” as the ultimate goal and consists of components such as reservoir construction aiming at solving the problem of uneven temporal and spatial water distribution in Turpan Prefecture, water-saving irrigation development that will reduce agricultural water uses without reducing unit yield of the crops, and introduction of the ET-management based advanced water resources management model aiming at realizing scientific management and rational allocation of the limited water resources in Turpan Prefecture and ensuring virtuous and sustainable local economic development. So, implementation of the Project is consistent with the policy of “Western China Development Strategy”. 1.1.5.2 Compliance with Industrial Policies (1) Guiding Objectives of Industrial Structure Adjustment (issued in 2005) The development objective of reservoir construction projects included in the Project is to supply water to industrial and agricultural sectors in Turpan Prefecture, the construction projects belong to the encourage category of “Water Source Development Projects in Areas Suffering Water Shortage Problem” as defined by the “Guiding Objectives of Industrial Structure Adjustment (issued in 2005). Therefore, construction under the Project is in line with the requirements in the “Guiding Objectives of Industrial Structure Adjustment (issued in 2005)”. (2) Water Sector Policy The national “Water Sector Policy” (issued in September 1997) aims at promoting rational development and sustainable utilization of water resources, preventing in an effective approach flood and drought disasters, and mitigating constraint of water to national economic development. It defines that “The nation implements policy that gives priority to Page 22 21 development of water conservancy industry, and encourages investments in water conservancy projects by all circles of the society and foreign investors from multiple channels and by multiple means. Effective approaches should be explored to realize water conservancy industrialization on the premise of adhering to social benefits, so as to speed up the industrialization progress; efforts should be made to increase economic benefits of the water conservancy projects; water demands for living of residents in the urban and rural areas should be met, and overall plan and thorough consideration are required in meeting water demands of industry, agriculture and navigation; attention should be paid to protection of water environment and diversified operations, so as to gradually form a virtuous operation mechanism for water conservancy input and output. ” The Project is to be funded using the WB loan, such funding source meets requirements of the national industry policy. At the same time, the Project belongs to Category-B water conservancy construction projects that focus mainly on economic benefits and producing concurrently certain social benefits. The purpose of the Project is to solve water shortage problem of agricultural and industrial production and development of Shanshan County of Turpan Prefecture. Therefore, the construction purpose of the Project is in line with the requirements in the “Water Sector Policy”. 1.1.5.3 Compliance with Relevant Plans (1) Compliance with the “11 th Five Year Plan of Turpan Prefecture” The objectives of the “11 th Five Year Plan of Turpan Prefecture” are: Based on optimizing industrial structure and increasing benefits, make efforts to realize GDP of 26.09 billion yuan in 2010, with an annual average growth of 16.0%; local financial revenues of 1.26 billion yuan, with an annual average growth of 16.0%; per capita production value of above 40 thousand yuan, with an annual average growth of more than 14.2%; and also realize obvious improvement of living standard of the residents, full development of all undertakings, further improvement of basic infrastructures including water conservancy and transportation infrastructures, etc., as well as improvement of living environment, etc. Turpan Prefecture has abundant land resources, favorable heat and light resources and rich reserves of oil, gold, coal and natural gas, which provides a good condition for national economic development of Turpan Prefecture. Nevertheless, extremely scarce water resources and the lower water use efficiency have resulted in conflicts between water supply and demand and between water uses for oil development and agricultural production, forming a serous constraint to national economic development of Shanshan County. In order to solve the water shortage problem, it is clearly stated in the “11 th Five Year Plan of Turpan Prefecture—Overall Development Considerations, Objectives and Tasks for Water Conservancy Undertaking in the 11 th Five Year Period” that “preliminary work for construction of Ertanggou reservoir should be accelerated to promote formulation and construction of the construction project, so as to mitigate the conflicts between economic development and water shortage problem.” Construction of Ertanggou reservoir can help to make full use of water resources, upgrade water use efficiency and provide guaranteed water supply to enable sustainable and stable economic development in Shanshan County. Therefore, construction of Ertanggou reservoir pivotal project is consistent with requirements in the “11 th Five Year Plan of Turpan Prefecture”. Page 23 22 (2) Compliance with the “Plan of Turpan Prefecture on Construction of a Water- saving Society in the 11 th Five Year Period” The objectives of the plan are: “conduct extensive awareness raising and educational activities to fully upgrade water-saving awareness of the public, form the atmosphere of caring for water, cherishing water, saving water and protecting water in the whole society, and integrate water-saving into national economic development and the whole process of people’s production and daily life; reform the water management and investment systems that are inconsistent with construction of a water-saving society; establish complete policies and regulations, extend use of water-saving techniques, realize remarkable improvement of quality of irrigation facilities and the service capacity, and further upgrade comprehensive agricultural productivity of the irrigation districts; adopt in broad areas water-saving irrigation techniques, greatly increase agricultural water use efficiency and comprehensive benefits; fully extend and promote new water-saving techniques, develop water-saving industries, construct water-saving cities, optimize water use structure and realize the transformation from extensive water utilization to intensive water utilization. The short term objective (for year 2010) as defined in the plan is to preliminarily establish the basic framework of a water-saving society and realize optimized water resources allocation and sustainable utilization; and the long term objective (for year 2020) defined is to realize the fundamental change from extensive irrigated agriculture to water-saving and high efficiency agriculture and ecological agriculture. The main tasks of the Project are to save water from agricultural uses and upgrade water supply guarantee degree for industrial water uses without lowering agricultural production. While conducting construction activities, the Project will introduce advanced water resources management model to realize real water-saving. Implementation of the Project will promote formation of rational water resources management and operation mechanism and proper water pricing mechanism, improve quality of the irrigation facilities and upgrade the service capacity, all of which are of great significance to construction of a water-saving society. 1.1.5. Contribution of the World Bank to Xinjiang The World Bank and Xinjiang have established good cooperation relationship since implementation of the Tarim Basin I and II projects. Tarim River is the largest continental river in China, and it is also one of the 3 largest rivers in Xinjiang. The World Bank has made great contributions to the eco-environment improvement and water resources integrated management in the catchments of Tarim River. Table 1.1-2 that follows includes some details of projects in Xinjiang that were implemented or to be implemented using the World Bank loan. Table 1.1-2. The World Bank Contribution to Xinjiang The World Bank Loan Project Duration (in One Million USD) Project Composition Tarim Basin Agricultural Irrigation, Drainage and Environmental Protection Project (Phase 1) 1989- 1997 499 (completed) 6 components Tarim Basin Agricultural Irrigation, Drainage and Environmental Protection Project (Phase 2 ) 1998- 2002 150 (completed) 9 components Page 24 23 World Bank Loan Funded Turpan Water Conservation Project 2009- 100 (planned) 10 components The made investment to the integrated management of Tarim catchments had amounted to USD 1017 million, which was made of UDS 649 million of the World Bank loan and USD 368 million of local counterpart fund. In 1989, the construction of the 1st Phase of Tarim Project for Agricultural Irrigation, Drainage and Environmental Protection (Tarim-1) declared its commencement, in which the institutions and bases of Tarim catchments management were set up, the prophase works for the management of Tarim River were done, and 3 sets of ecological monitoring stations were built on the mainstream of Tarim River to monitor and collect hydrological and ecological information. The implementation of Tarim-1 opened a new chapter of ecological management at Tarim River. December 1998 witnessed the commencement of Tarim-2 implementation, focusing on (i) to set up a mechanism for the sustainable use, development and management of water resources in Tarim Basin, and (ii) to partially rehabilitate and protect the green corridor at the downstream of Tarim River. Compared with Tarim-1 and Tarim-2, Turpan Project is of an urgent necessity to deal with the current problems of groundwater level sharp dropping and the consequent environmental problems in Turpan Prefecture. Turpan Project will directly benefit more than 600,000 people in Turpan City, Shanshan County and Tuokexun County under the administration of Turpan Prefecture. The project implementation will make great contributions to improving the regional agricultural hydraulic structures, accelerating the sustainable development of water resources, pushing forward the socio-economic development and improving the eco- environment in Turpan Prefecture. 1.1.6. Structure of Project Organization The structure of the project organization is illustrated in Fig. 1.1-2. 3&RPPLVVLRQ\03RI\03'HYHORSPHQW\03DQG\035HIRUP 3%XUHDX\03RI\03)LQDQFH 3%XUHDX\03RI\03(QYLURQPHQWDO\033URWHFWLRQ 3%XUHDX\03RI\03&XOWXUDO\035HOLFV 3%XUHDX\03RI\03&LYLO\03$IIDLUV 3%XUHDX\03RI\037UDQVSRUWDWLRQ 3%XUHDX\03RI\03/DQG\03$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ 3%XUHDX\03RI\03)RUHVWU\ 3%XUHDX\03RI\03$JULFXOWXUH 3%XUHDX\03RI\03$QLPDO\03+XVEDQGU\\03DQG ULQDU\ 3%XUHDX\03RI\030HWHRURORJ\ 3%XUHDX\03RI\03:DWHU\035HVRXUFHV 3%XUHDX\03RI\03(OHFWULFLW\\036XSSO\ HFW\03/HDGLQJ\03*URXS\03/HDGHU\1d\033DUW\\036HFUHWDU\\10*HQHUDO\03RI\037XUSDQ\033UHIHFWXUH\03\0b73\0c HFW\03/HDGLQJ\03*URXS\03'HSXWLHV\1d\03&KDLUSHUVRQ\03RI\0373\03*RYHUQPHQW\0f\0373\033DUW\\03'HSXW\\036HFUHWDU\\10*HQHUDO\0f XWLQJ\03&KDLUSHUVRQ\03RI\0373\03*RYHUQPHQW\03DQG\039LFH\10&KDLUSHUVRQ\03RI\0373\03*RYHUQPHQW 11\03fi\11fi\10ffl\11\036WUXFWXUH\03RI\033URMHFW\032UJDQL]DWLRQ HFW XWLQJ FH\1d\037XUSDQ \03%XUHDX\03RI U XUFHV HFW XWLQJ FH\1d VKDQ W\\03%XUHDX 3:DWHU XUFHV HFW XWLQJ FH\1d H[XQ W\\03%XUHDX 3:DWHU XUFHV H[XQ W\\033DUW\ LVVLRQ HFW\03([HFXWLQJ\032IILFH\1d\0373\03%XUHDX\03RI\03:DWHU\035HVRXUFHV DQ\03&LW\ \ LVVLRQ VKDQ W\\033DUW\ LVVLRQ Page 25 24 1.2. General Information of Comprehensive Environmental Assessment Report 1.2.1. Objectives of Environmental Assessment On the basis of (i) Law of the People's Republic of China on the Environmental Impact Assessment, (ii) Management Regulations on the Environmental Protection of Construction Projects, (iii) Notification on Strengthening the Management of Environmental Impact Assessment of the Construction Projects Financed with International Financial Organization Loan, (iv) Safeguard Policies of the World Bank and (v) domestic and the World Bank procedures of environmental impact assessment, the positive environmental impacts from the project implementation were assessed, and the possible negative impacts on the environment were identified, screened and analyzed. For the unavoidable major negative impacts of the environment, target-oriented and effective mitigation measures were proposed and environment management plan was prepared. These will be helpful for the independent assessment by the World Bank as well as for the governmental agencies of integrated administration and environmental management to make decisions. 1.2.2. Type and Assessment Grade of Comprehensive Environmental Assessment Report (CEA) On the basis of the nature, contents and potential impacts of the project as well as the environmental policies of the World Bank, in June 2008, the World Bank Project Preparation Mission set this project in Category-A in environmental assessment. According to Notification on Strengthening the Management of Environmental Impact Assessment of the Construction Projects Financed with International Financial Organization Loan (Huanjian 1993 No. 324) issued by Ministry of Environmental Protection, this is a “construction project that is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts, and overall environmental impact assessment is required”. In accordance with Environmental Assessment (OP4.01) in Safeguard Policies of the World Bank, “A Category-A project is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works”. On the above basis, this CEA was prepared as for a Category-A project. The grade of environmental impact assessment for each of the components is illustrated in Table 1.2-1. The grades were set on the basis of: (1) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact – Atmospheric Environment, (HJ/T2.2-2008); (2) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact – Surface Water Environment, (HJ/T2.3-93); (3) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact – Acoustical Environment, (HJ/T2.4-1995); (4) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact – Non-pollution Ecological Impacts, (HJ/T19-1997). Page 26 25 Table 1.2-1. Grade of Environmental Impact Assessment No. Code Name Air Environment Surface Water Environment Acoustic Environment Ecological Environment Turpan City (4 sets) 1 TLF1 Meiyaogou Reservoir Grade-3 Grade-3 Grade-3 Grade-3 2 TLF2 Water-Saving Irrigation 3 TLF3 Taerlang Branch Canal 4 TLF4 Karez Protection It is required to prepare environmental impact assessment table, but environmental impact assessment will not be sorted in grades. Shanshan County (3 sets) 5 SS1 Ertanggou Reservoir Grade-3 Grade-3 Grade-3 Grade-3 6 SS2 Water-Saving Irrigation 7 SS3 Anti-seepage Reconstruction of Ertang Branch Canal It is required to prepare environmental impact assessment table, but environmental impact assessment will not be sorted in grades. Tuokexun County (3 sets) 8 TKX1 Alagou Reservoir Grade-3 Grade-3 Grade-3 Grade-3 9 TKX2 Water-Saving Irrigation 10 TKX3 Alagou Main Canal It is required to prepare environmental impact assessment table, but environmental impact assessment will not be sorted in grades. As can be observed in Table 1.2-1, the environmental factors in the project include air environment, surface water environment, acoustic environment and ecological environment. In accordance with the engineering features and impact identification and on the basis of Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact, a single environmental factor is divided into 3 grades for the environmental assessment in each project component. However, taking the project as a whole body, since the project is involved in varieties of factors and covers broad sites, the project is likely to have some adverse environmental impacts and these impacts may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. Therefore, this project is set as a Category-A project. 1.2.3. Preparation of Comprehensive Environmental Assessment Report Upon capacity evaluation, TPBWR project office entrusted its expert group to prepare Comprehensive Environmental Assessment Report of the World Bank Loan Funded Turpan Water-saving Irrigation Project (hereafter as CEA), on the basis of the approved EIA sub- reports from each of the project components. After accepting the entrustment, the expert group (i) collected and studied relevant information, (ii) surveyed all the proposed project sites and the environment around, (iii) preliminarily analyzed the nature, contents, scale and the major pollution factors as well as their possible environmental impacts of each project component, and(iv) prepared table of contents (TOC) for the project environmental assessment according to Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact from Ministry of Environmental Protection and the environmental assessment stipulations (OP4.01) in Safeguard Policies of the World Bank. TOC was used to regulate the preparation of CEA and guide EIA in each project component. 1.2.4. Institutional Establishment for CEA Preparation Page 27 26 The project is composed of 10 components and their environmental management activities distributing in Turpan City, Shanshan County and Tuokexun County under the administration of Turpan Prefecture. The engineering is categorized into 4 packages – i.e. reservoir construction, water-saving irrigation, canal construction & improvement and Karez protection. On the basis of (i) the EIA stipulations (OP4.01) in Safeguard Policies of the World Bank, (ii) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact from Ministry of Environmental Protection and (iii) the EIA sub-reports from the sub-project offices, the CEA made a comprehensive assessment on the project environmental impacts focusing on the following issues: 1) the engineering features and the major environmental problems possibly to be generated; 2) the feasibility of site selection and the main targets of environmental protection (sensitive points); 3) the positive and negative environmental impacts of the project implementation; 4 the regional cumulative environmental impact assessment; 5) the mitigation measures against the possible negative impacts; 6) the analysis of alternative measures; and 7) the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). In addition to CEA, there are other 3 reports relevant: (A) Summary Environmental Assessment Report: This is a simplified CEA by the expert group of TPBWR project office; (B) Environmental Management Plan: It is prepared on the basis of the environmental management sub-plans of each project component, focusing on environmental impacts, mitigation measures, environmental monitoring plan, institutional arrangement, capacity development and training, budget estimation and son on. It was prepared by the expert group of TPBWR project office; and (C) Pest Management Plan: The package of water-saving irrigation will involve in agricultural production. Since the implementation of water-saving irrigation will result in some changes in irrigation patterns in the project area, the patterns and dosage of applying pesticides, chemical fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals will change accordingly. In order to avoid the negative environmental impacts thus generated, new measures of pest management will be extended at the same pace of water-saving extension so as to reduce the use of agricultural chemicals. This plan was prepared by the expert group of TPBWR project office. The contributing agencies to EIA and CEA reports are presented in Table 0.1, and the working procedures of report preparation are illustrated in Fig. 1.2-1. Page 28 27 Fig. 1.2-1. Relationship among the Contributing Agencies to EIA/CEA Reports and Environmental Management Plan 1.3 Considerations of the EIA 1.3.1 Characteristics of the Project 1.3.1.1 Engineering Characteristics a) The construction project covers a broad scope of activities, although the overall quantity of the construction project is huge, it will be distributed in 10 individual construction project areas, each with small amount of construction; b)Types of construction included are: reservoir construction, canal construction or rehabilitation, on-farm water-saving irrigation and Karez preservation projects, all of which are common water conservancy construction projects that can be done using matured construction techniques and rich experiences. 1.3.1.2 Environmental Characteristics a) Reservoir construction projects: They are all located in mountainous areas with little population and less industrial pollution sources, thus the local environment remains unpolluted; 189.8 707.7 8.5 4.2 0 : : 7HFK\03*URXS\03 XDWLRQ\035HPDUN\03RQ\03 036XPPDU\\03 139.4 572.4 8.5 4.2 0 : \03 03 URQPHQWDO\03 JHPHQW ODQ 341.6 572.4 8.5 4.2 0 : \03 URQPHQW\03$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ\03 RULWLHV\03LQ\03;LQMLDQJ\03DQG\0373 285.8 498.7 8.5 4.2 0 : \03 036XE\10UHSRUWV\03 XOWDQW\03 UW\03*URXS 434.5 536.5 8.5 4.2 0 : \03 32IILFH\03 W\\032IILFH 456.3 489.7 8.5 4.2 0 : \03 FLHV\03RI\03&RPSRQHQW\03 426.7 438.4 8.5 4.2 0 : ( 430.9 438.4 8.5 8.5 0 : ,$ 439.4 438.4 8.5 4.2 0 : \03 10HPSOR\HU 370.9 489.7 8.5 4.2 0 : \03 102.1 423.1 8.5 4.2 0 : \03 Note: real line refers direct relation, while dotted line – indirect relation. Pest Management Plan Page 29 28 b) Canal construction projects: Projects of this type are all located in the piedmont alluvial and diluvial plain areas that are flat (gobi areas mostly). With little population and without big size industrial or mining enterprises, such areas remain unpolluted; c) Water-saving irrigation projects: Areas for such projects all have high land use degrees, being typical agricultural development and utilization areas. d) Karez preservation project: Wudaolin Karez preservation project is partially located in the gobi area, and partially in the farm land. Such project areas are flat and still in good quality environmentally, because there is little population, no big size industrial or mining enterprise there. e) All projects are located in rural areas with backward economic development. 1.4.2 Considerations and Methodology of the EIA (1) Based on reviewed and approved EIA reports of all sub-projects, summarize the environmental problems of all sub-projects during their construction and operation periods; then adopt regional environmental assessment methods to integrate the sub-projects in the one city and two counties for overall environmental assessment of the whole project; (2) Fully apply the WB safeguard policies on environmental assessment, pest management and involuntary resettlement in the environmental assessment, and respond to WB safeguard policies on dam safety, physical cultural resources and indigenous peoples, etc.; (3) Take sufficient consideration of the suggestions and comments by the WB identification mission in conducting the environmental assessment, and provide in the EIA report analyses of and responses to the problems and suggestions raised by the WB experts; (4) Strengthen collection and analyses of relevant basic data, conduct surveys to the project areas and analysis of the environmental status using an objective and scientific approach; (5) Use assessment methods and technical tools including mathematical model, analogy analysis, ecological mechanism analysis and landscape ecology, etc. to analyze and predict the positive and negative, direct and indirect environmental impacts caused by the Project during construction and operation periods, propose feasible and practical mitigation measures to address the negative environmental impacts, and give ample attention to practicality of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP); (6) Conduct alternative analyses, including analysis of “Without Project Analysis”, analysis of various dam sites, different construction methods and irrigation methods; (7) For public participation, questionnaires will be distributed to the public and expert consultation will be conducted to understand the opinions and comments of the impacted people, administrative departments and other organizations; For information disclosure, notification posters, news paper and websites will be used disseminate information; (8) Draw conclusions on feasibility of the Project from the environmental protection point of view, and provide scientific references for project design and management on environmental protection. Page 30 29 1.4. EIA Scope, Period and Protection Targets 1.4.1. EIA Scope The principles of cumulative EIA scope in the project include: (1) In accordance with Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact and on the basis of the planned EIA grades, the basic scope of the project cumulative EIA is the EIA scope of all the project components. (2) In the case that there is an environmental protection target (sensitive point) or a target of concern by the World Bank safeguard policies close to EIA basic scope, it is included into the EIA scope. (3) The EIA scope also covers the factors and issues that are directly related with the project or have potential impacts on the project, the factors such as upstream and downstream dams, tectonic units of groundwater and cultural resources of historical value. The EIA scope and cumulative EIA scope of the project components are illustrated in Table 1.3-1 and Table 1.3-2. Page 31 30 T a b l e 1 . 3 - 1 . 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S e e F i g . 1 . 3 - 1 T u r p a n C i t y E r t a n g g o u R e s e r v o i r a s a b o v e E r t a n g g o u R e s e r v o i r a n d t h e r i v e r s e c t i o n d o w n s t r e a m t h e s a m e t e c t o n i c u n i t o f g r o u n d w a t e r a r o u n d t h e d a m s i t e a s a b o v e f r o m t h e v a l l e y o p e n i n g o f t h e m o u n t a i n a r e a t o t h e d a m s i t e o n E r t a n g g o u R i v e r ; w i t h t h e m o u n t a i n r i d g e s a t t h e b o t h s i d e s a s t h e b o u n d a r i e s , a r e a - - 4 9 . 1 1 k m 2 . S e e F i g . 1 . 3 - 2 S h a n s h a n C o u n t y a n d S h e n g j i n T o w n s h i p o f T u r p a n C i t y 1 A l a g o u R e s e r v o i r a s a b o v e A l a g o u R e s e r v o i r a n d t h e r i v e r s e c t i o n d o w n s t r e a m t h e s a m e t e c t o n i c u n i t o f g r o u n d w a t e r a r o u n d t h e d a m s i t e a s a b o v e f r o m t h e d a m s i t e o f A l a g o u R i v e r t o 1 4 . 2 k m d o w n s t r e a m ; w i t h t h e m o u n t a i n r i d g e s a t t h e b o t h s i d e s a s t h e b o u n d a r i e s , a r e a - - 6 9 . 2 6 k m 2 . S e e F i g . 1 . 3 - 2 T u o k e x u n C o u n t y W a t e r - S a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n i n T u r p a n C i t y 1 0 0 m a r o u n d t h e e n g i n e e r i n g s i t e a n d 1 0 0 m a t e a c h s i d e o f t h e r o a d — t h e s a m e t e c t o n i c u n i t o f g r o u n d w a t e r a r o u n d t h e p r o j e c t s i t e s 2 0 0 m a r o u n d t h e e n g i n e e r i n g s i t e a n d 1 0 0 m a t e a c h s i d e o f t h e r o a d 2 0 0 m a r o u n d t h e e n g i n e e r i n g s i t e Y a e r T o w n s h i p ; A i d i n g h u t o w n s h i p ; X i n g u a n g V i l l a g e o f Q i a t e k a l e T o w n s h i p ; G a o c h a n g a n d X i a n f e n g v i l l a g e s o f E r p u T o w n s h i p ; A w a t i a n d M a n g u b u l a k e v i l l a g e s o f S a n p u T o w n s h i p 2 W a t e r - S a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n i n S h a n s h a n C o u n t y a s a b o v e — a s a b o v e a s a b o v e a s a b o v e L a i n m u x i n , Q i k e t a i , S h a n s h a n , L u k e x i n , D o n g b a z h a , P i z h a n , D a l a n g k a n , D i k a n e r a n d T u y u g o u t o w n s h i p s Page 32 31 \02 W a t e r - S a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n i n T u o k e x u n C o u n t y a s a b o v e — a s a b o v e a s a b o v e a s a b o v e Y i l a h u , B o s i t a n , G u o l e b u y i a n d x i a x i a n g t o w n s h i p s T a e r l a n g B r a n c h C a n a l 1 0 0 m a l o n g t h e b o t h s i d e s o f t h e c a n a l f r o m t h e w a t e r h e a d t o t h e e n d T a e r l a n g I r r i g a t i o n S c h e m e a n d Z o n e - 1 o f M e i y a o g o u I r r i g a t i o n S c h e m e 2 0 0 m a r o u n d t h e e n g i n e e r i n g s i t e a n d 1 0 0 m a t e a c h s i d e o f t h e r o a d 2 0 0 m a r o u n d t h e e n g i n e e r i n g s i t e T a e r l a n g I r r i g a t i o n S c h e m e a n d Z o n e - 1 o f M e i y a o g o u I r r i g a t i o n S c h e m e A n t i - s e e p a g e R e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f E r t a n g B r a n c h C a n a l a s a b o v e 1 8 . 8 2 k m d o w n s t r e a m G a t e - 5 i r r i g a t e d a r e a b y t h e c a n a l a s a b o v e a s a b o v e L a i n m u x i n , L u k e x i n , D i k a n e r a n d T u y u g o u t o w n s h i p s 3 A l a g o u M a i n C a n a l a s a b o v e t h e w h o l e m a i n c a n a l d o w n s t r e a m t h e o u t l e t o f A l a g o u R e s e r v o i r i r r i g a t e d a r e a b y t h e c a n a l a s a b o v e a s a b o v e B o s i t a n T o w n s h i p 4 K a r e z P r o t e c t i o n 5 0 m a l o n g t h e b o t h s i d e s o f K a r e z l i n e f r o m t h e h e a d o f u n d e r g r o u n d c a n a l t o w a t e r p o n d t h e s a m e t e c t o n i c u n i t o f g r o u n d w a t e r a r o u n d K a r e z 2 0 0 m a r o u n d t h e e n g i n e e r i n g s i t e 1 0 0 m a r o u n d t h e e n g i n e e r i n g s i t e T u r p a n C i t y N o t e s : ( 1 ) o n t h e b a s i s o f T e c h n i c a l G u i d e l i n e s f o r E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t – S u r f a c e W a t e r E n v i r o n m e n t , ( H J / T 2 . 3 - 9 3 ) ; ( 2 ) o n t h e b a s i s o f T e c h n i c a l G u i d e l i n e s f o r E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t – A t m o s p h e r i c E n v i r o n m e n t , ( H J / T 2 . 2 - 2 0 0 8 ) ; ( 3 ) o n t h e b a s i s o f T e c h n i c a l G u i d e l i n e s f o r E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t – A c o u s t i c a l E n v i r o n m e n t , ( H J / T 2 . 4 - 1 9 9 5 ) ; ( 4 ) o n t h e b a s i s o f T e c h n i c a l G u i d e l i n e s f o r E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t – N o n - P o l l u t a n t E c o l o g i c a l I m p a c t s , ( H J / T 1 9 - 1 9 9 7 ) . Page 33 3 2 Figure 1.3-1 Satellite Image of Scope of Eco-environmental Assessment of Meiyaogou Reservoir Page 34 3 3 Page 35 3 4 Figure 1.3-2 Satellite Image of Scope of Eco-environmental Assessment of Ertanggou Reservoir Page 36 35 F i g u r e 1 . 3 - 3 S a t e l l i t e I m a g e o f S c o p e o f E c o - e n v i r o n m e n t a l A s s e s s m e n t o f A l a g o u R e s e r v o i r D a m S i t e E c o l o g i c a l A a s s e s m e n t $ U H D \03 Page 37 3 6 \03 Table 1.3-2. Scope of Assessment on Accumulated Environmental Impacts \03 Environmental Factors EIA Scope Surface water Meiyaogou, Ertanggou and Alagou rivers and Aiding Lake Water Environment Groundwater The Hydrogeological Units where Meiyaogou, Ertanggou and Alagou catchments and Aiding Lake are located Ecological Environment Focusing on the Turpan Basin as a whole body, considering the entire administrative territory of Turpan Prefecture Social Environment 2 counties and one city in Turpan Prefecture Page 38 37 F i g u r e 1 . 3 - 4 S c o p e o f A s s e s s m e n t o n C o m p r e h e n s i v e E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t s \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 Page 39 38 1.4.2. Period of the EIA The analysis of this CEA focuses on the environmental impacts in both engineering period and operation period of the project. 1.4.3. Targets of Environmental Protection 1.4.3.1. Targets of Environmental Protection In accordance with the domestic laws and legal regulations on environmental assessment and the safeguard policies of the World Bank, the targets of the Project EIA are mainly: 1Targets of Water Environmental Protection In accordance with Xinjiang Regionalization of Water Environmental Functions, the water bodies that the project will involve in are of water quality Grade-II. Targets of Protection: The water quality in the river sections that the project construction will involved in will be protected and kept at the level no lower than the current situation. Protection Requirements: After the production wastewater and domestic sewage from the project construction and operation is treated up to Grade-1 of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996), it will be reused in production or for vegetation building. It is forbidden to discharge directly into the river, so that the water quality in the impacted section will be kept at Grade-II. 2Targets of Eco -environment Protection to maintain the integrity and stability of regional ecology; to make sure that the ecological baseflow in the river will be kept, so that the drying length and period of the river will not increase; to protect the fish resources such as indigenous fishes in the impacted water bodies; to make sure that the drying speed of Aiding Lake will not be accelerated due to the project construction; and to strictly confine the disturbing area of the engineering activities to protect the vegetation coverage. In addition, the excavated and stacked materials and residues will be properly managed in favor of soil conservation. 3Targets of Air and Acoustic Environment Protection The targets of air and acoustic environment protection are maily the temporary living quarters of the project as well as the residential zones, schools and other sensitive targets 200 m around the engineering sites. More details are in Chapter 1.4.3.2. 4Social Environment Page 40 39 through resettlement measures, to make sure that the production and livelihood conditions of resettlers will be no lower than the current situation but will be gradually improved for sustainable development; to strengthen sanitation manageme nt of the construction environment, and to prevent and control the epidemic of any infectious diseases in the project-impacted areas; and to protect the cultural relics in the inundation -impacted areas of Alagou and Ertanggou reservoirs to reduce the impact of project construction on them. 1.4.3.2. Environment-Sensitive Targets 1Sensitive Targets of Air Environment There are residential zones and school at the both sides of the road leading to Meiyaogou dam site upstream. The shortest distance to the road is no more than 5 m. 2Sensitive Targets of Acoustic Environment There are residential zones and school at the both sides of the road leading to Meiyaogou dam site upstream. The shortest distance to the road is no more than 5 m. The distribution of the sensitive points is illustrated in Fig 1.4-1. 3Sensitive Targets of Social Environment The sensitive targets of social environment are the resettlers due to the project construction and the people living in the impacted areas. Page 41 40 Fig 1.4-1. Distribution of the Sensitive Targets of Meiyaogou Reservoir Construction \03 \03 \03 Meiyaogou Reservoir Headwork of Remin Canal 5HVLGHQWLDO\03$UHD\03 6FKRRO\03 Construction site is 2km to residential ar ea and school 0 2 6 12km 162.5 141.7 8.5 4.3 0 : \03 Page 42 41 1.5. Environmental Impact Factors and EIA Factors 1.5.1. Identification of the Environmental Impact Factors of the Project Components The project implementation will help Turpan Prefecture to improve the hydraulic infrastructures, to alleviate the current problem of groundwater over-exploitation and to upgrade the guarantee rate of water industrial supply in favor of the natural environment and socio-economic sustainable development. At the same time, the project implementation will have some negative impacts on the social environment, ecological environment and the quality of other environmental factors in the construction and operation periods. The design period focuses on site selection, technical scheme comparison and feasibility study, so there is no direct impacts on the environment. The impacts in the construction and operation periods are analyzed as follows: 1.5.1.1. Identification of the Environmental Impacts in Construction Period (1) Reservoir Construction (1-1) Impact on Riverwater Quality during the Construction Period The wastewater from the engineering activities is composed of production wastewater and domestic sewage. The pollutant in the production wastewater is mainly suspended matters, while the pollutant in domestic sewage is mainly organic pollutants. If the wastewater is not properly managed or directly discharged into the river, the riverwater quality will be adversely impacted. (1-2) Impact on Air Environment during the Construction Period The pollutants against air environment in this period are the waste gas from engineering machines and coal fuel and dust in excavation and transportation activities. (1-3) Impact on Acoustic Environment Upstream Meiyaogou Reservoir , there are residential zones and school at the both sides of the road leading to the dam engineering site. The traffic density in the engineering period is quite high, and the local residents and pupils as well as the engineering staff will be impacted by noise, gas and dust. Around 1 km upstream the dam site of Ertanggou Reservoir , it is Qialekan Village. With reservoir impoundment, the reservoir water level will rise to inundate the residential zone of the village. Since all the impacted people will be resettled before the engineering activities, the resettling villagers will not be impacted by the engineering noise. The impacted people will be the engineering staff. Around 4 km from the dam area of Alagou Reservoir or around 2 km from the engineering site, it is the residential zone of Nanshan Mine. The traffic density in the engineering period is quite high, and the local residents and the engineering staff will be impacted by noise. (1-4) Impact of Solid Waste on Environment during the Construction Period Page 43 42 Lots of engineering residues will come from the construction. If the residues are not properly managed, the landscape environment and air environment of the construction area as well as the transportation will be impacted. In addition, there will be lots of water-soil losses. Lots of domestic garbage will come from the construction. If the garbage is not properly managed, the landscape environment, air environment and sanitation environment of the construction area will be impacted. In addition, with the multiplication of mosquitoes, flies and bacteria, people’s health will be impacted. (1-5) Impact on Ecological Environment during the Construction Period The engineering activities will have wide impact on soils . The impacted places will be the permanently occupied land, the temporarily occupied land and the engineering sites. The engineering activities will impact the vegetation over the engineering sites. This will be reflected mainly by the reduction of bio-mass due to land occupation and the vegetation inundation at the early stage of reservoir impoundment. The engineering activities will adversely impact the wild animals in the construction area especially around the dam site and material grounds due to intensive artificial activities, explosive operation and machine noise. In addition, land occupation and excavation works will damage the existing vegetation and in turn some habitats of birds. The impacts of engineering activities on soil conservation are reflected mainly in (i) Lots of residues will come from the construction of hydraulic structures. If they are not properly managed, they will be water-eroded and wind-eroded to become solid waste pollutants; (ii) The excavation works at the material grounds will damage the previous vegetation and produce a certain amount of residues, which is also a potential of water-soil loss; (iii) There will be open barren ground at the temporary production areas and living quarters. After the completion of the construction, the barren grounds will be the potential places of water erosion and wind erosion; and (iv) The busy activities of people and machines during the construction will impact the physical structure of the ground surface in favor of water erosion and wind erosion. (1-6) Impact on the Health of Engineering Staff Due to the large amount of works in reservoir construction especially during the work-peak periods, many engineering staff will live in compacts. If not adequate attention is paid to sanitary and livelihood conditions, the incident and epidemic opportunity of intestine and respiratory tract infectious diseases will be nurtured only to impact the health of the engineering staff. (1-7) Resettlement The construction of Ertanggou Reservoir will generate 97 resettlers of 20 households from the inundation-impacted areas. The resettlement will have impact on natural environment and social environment. The impacts on natural environment are reflected mainly in (i) land resources occupation and new farmland reclamation in the Page 44 43 process of resettlement, which will impact the local ecological environment for additional water-soil loss, and (ii) the additional domestic sewage and garbage from the resettlers, which will have some impact on the resettlement environment. The impacts on social environment are reflected mainly in the resettlers themselves and the resettlement zones. Namely, the resettling activities will bring some changes to the socio-economic conditions and livelihood quality of the resettlers, and there are some amalgamation problems between the new resettlers and the original residents. (1-8) Impact on Cultural Relics in Reservoir –Impacted Area The cultural relics in the reservoir-impacted area include ancient tombs, ancient living sites and cliff painting. In accordance with the relevant regulations, rescue excavation of the cultural relics is required before the engineering activities. This will have some impact on the cultural relics. Table 1.4-1. Identification of Environmental Impacts in the Construction Period Environmental Factor Impacts Pollutant and Discharge Concentration the Impacted waste water from sand/stone material process SS: 15000mg/L waste water from tunnel construction SS: 2000mg/L SS: 5000mg/L waste water from concrete preparation and washing PH: 12 waste water from machine cleaning petroleum: 40 mg/L COD 400mg/L NH 3 -N 40 mg/L Water Environment domestic sewage Fecal coliforms: 80000 pc/L water quality of reservoir-impacted river Air Environment explosion, transportation and machine operation TSP impact the engineering staff and local residents near the construction sites and roads Acoustic Environment explosion and transportation; concrete preparation; mechanical vibration noise impact the engineering staff and local residents near the construction sites and roads Solid Waste garbage from living quarters production residues and domestic garbage impact the engineering staff and regional landscape Water-Soil Loss ground surface disturbance by engineering, and residue stacking mud, sand impact ecological environment in the construction sites Social Environment many people living in compacts in engineering peak periods \02 impact the engineering staff and local residents Resettlement 97 resettlers in 20 households Cultural Relics reservoir inundation \02 in Ertanggou and Alagou reservoir areas Page 45 44 (2) Water-Saving Irrigation (2-1) Impact on Water Environment The wastewater from the engineering activities is composed of production wastewater and domestic sewage. The pollutant in the production wastewater is mainly suspended matters, while the pollutant in domestic sewage is mainly organic pollutants. If the wastewater is not properly managed or directly discharged into the river, the riverwater quality will be adversely impacted. (1-2) Impact on Air Environment during the Construction Period The pollutants against air environment in this period are the waste gas from engineering machines and coal fuel and dust in excavation and transportation activities. (1-3) Impact on Acoustic Environment There are 2 types of engineering noise – continuous noise and mobile noise. Since there is no local resident within 1.5 km around the construction sites, the noise- impacted people are the engineering staff. (1-4) Impact of Solid Waste on Environment during the Construction Period The solid wastes in the construction period are engineering residues and domestic garbage. The excavation for the construction of water distribution gate and sand basin will produce surplus earth, while the other engineering activities will produce residue waste. The impact of residue waste is mainly on the landscape, and improper management of the residues will also generate water-soil loss. The living quarters will produce lots of domestic garbage in the construction period. Garbage is cradle of mosquitoes, flies and diseases. If domestic garbage is not properly managed, the sanitary conditions, landscape environment and especially the health of the engineering staff will be impacted. (1-5) Impact on Ecological Environment during the Construction Period The engineering activities will impact the soils and vegetation in the project area, since permanent land occupation will completely change the present situation and functions of the soils and vegetation in the impacted area while the previous landscape will be replaced by permanent structures. The project engineering will impact the wild animals in the construction area due to intensive artificial activities. The impacts of engineering activities on soil conservation are reflected mainly in (i) the construction of production areas, living quarters and roads will have some damage to the previous land surface in favor of water-soil loss; and (ii) excavating pipeline trenches and other engineering activities will produce lots of residues. If they are not properly managed, they will be water-eroded and wind-eroded to become solid waste pollutants. Page 46 45 (2-6) Impact on Social Environment Lots of engineering staff are living in compacts and they move a lot, which is favorable for disease spreading. However, more people also mean better chance of business. (3) Canal Construction and Improvement (3-1) Impact on Water Environment The construction of Taerlang Branch Canal and Alagou Main Canal are new engineering. Lots of production waste water and domestic sewage will come from the construction of Taerlang Branch Canal and Alagou Main Canal. If the wastewater is not properly managed or directly discharged into the river, the riverwater quality will be adversely impacted. Anti-seepage reconstruction of Ertang Branch Canal is an engineering of small working quantity. The wastewater in the engineering period will mainly come from concrete preparation and curing as well as from pebble material washing. If the wastewater is not properly managed or directly discharged into the river, the riverwater quality will be adversely impacted. Since the engineering staff will be distributed in the nearby residential houses, the domestic sewage is not calculated. (3-2) Impact on Air Environment The pollutants against air environment in the construction period are the waste gas from engineering machines and dust in transportation activities. The pollution sources are mobile and intermittent. Since there is not air pollution source nowadays in the project area, the background air condition in the project area is quite good. Engineering dust will mainly impact the engineering staff. Therefore, measures of environment protection such as water spraying will be taken to depress dust. (3-3) Impact on Acoustic Environment There are 2 types of engineering noise – continuous noise and mobile noise—to impact the acoustic environment. The target of acoustic impact in anti-seepage reconstruction of Ertang Branch Canal is the engineering staff and the nearby residents. (3-4) Impact of Solid Waste on Environment The solid wastes will mainly be engineering residues and domestic garbage. The impact of residue waste is mainly on the landscape, and improper management of the residues will also generate water-soil loss. The engineering staff will live in the houses of the nearby residents. The domestic garbage will be treated by the existing local facilities and will not impact the project area. The construction of Taerlang Branch Canal and Alagou Main Canal will also generate lots of domestic garbage. If the garbage is not properly managed, the Page 47 46 engineering staff health and regional landscape environment will be adversely impacted. (3-5) Impact on Ecological Environment The land occupation will change the present situation of soils and vegetation in the project area, so that the regional soils and vegetation will be impacted. Intensive artificial activities in the project construction will have some impact on the wild animals around. (3-6) Impact on Soil Conservation The impacts of engineering activities on soil conservation are reflected mainly in (i) the construction of production areas, living quarters and roads will have some damage to the previous land surface in favor of water-soil loss; and (ii) canal excavation and other engineering activities will produce lots of residues. If they are not properly managed, they will be water-eroded and wind-eroded. (3-7) Impact on Social Environment Lots of engineering staff are living in compacts and they move a lot, which is favorable for disease spreading. However, more people also mean better chance of business (4) Karez Protection (4-1) Impact on Water Environment The wastewater in the engineering period will mainly be production wastewater and domestic sewage. It these 2 types of wastewater are not properly managed, the Karez water will be polluted and the polluted water will help spread bacteria to threaten public health. (4-2) Impact on Air Environment The pollutants against air environment in the construction period are the waste gas from engineering machines and dust in transportation activities. (4-3) Impact on Acoustic Environment The noise sources in the engineering will come from vehicles, drilling machine, concrete/mortar mixer and other machines. Material loading and unloading will also generate some noise. The noise will have some impact on the regional acoustic environment. There will be no acoustic sensitive target near the engineering sites, and the only target is the engineering staff. (4-4) Impact of Solid Waste The solid wastes will mainly be engineering residues and domestic garbage. Improper treatment of engineering residues will impact landscape in favor of water-soil loss, while improper treatment of domestic garbage will impact public health and landscape environment. Page 48 47 (4-5) Impact on Ecological Environment The land occupation will change the present situation of soils and vegetation in the engineering sites, so that the regional soils and vegetation will be impacted. Intensive artificial activities in the project construction will have some impact on the wild animals around. (4-6) Impact on Soil Conservation The impacts of engineering activities on soil conservation are reflected mainly in (i) the construction of production areas, living quarters and roads will have some damage to the previous land surface in favor of water-soil loss; and (ii) canal excavation and other engineering activities will produce lots of residues. If they are not properly managed, they will be water-eroded and wind-eroded. (4-7) Impact on Social Environment Lots of engineering staff are living in compacts and they move a lot, which is favorable for disease spreading. However, more people also mean better chance of business 1.4.1.2. Identification of Environmental Impacts in the Operation Period Since the project encapsulates 4 packages of engineering components and all these 4 packages are of none-pollution, the project itself will not produce pollutant during the operation. Except that the package of reservoir construction will have some impacts during the operation, the other packages will not have any negative impact in the operation period. The negative environmental impacts from the package of reservoir construction will include: (1) Impact on water environmental (1-1) Hydrological Situation z\03 Impact on the Hydrological Situation in Reservoir: After the completion of the construction, due to the water interception and storage by the dam, there will be some changes in the water level of reservoir river section, the area of water surface, the flow speed and so on. z\03 Impact on the Hydrological Situation downstream the Dam: During the reservoir operation, the changes of the river runoff towards downstream will be the runoff that is adjusted according to the functions of the reservoir itself. The hydrological changes in this river section will be reflected mainly by the shrinkage of river course area and water quantity. (1-2) Water Quality After reservoir impoundment, the reservoir water quality will be impacted by the reservoir-bed dirt, organic matters and soluble salts. In addition, the reservoir impoundment will slow the flow velocity and the changes in hydrodynamics will keep the water staying longer in the reservoir. All these will have some impacts on the impounded water quality. Page 49 48 (1-3) Water Temperature It is probable that the reservoir impoundment will change the temperature structure of the water body. If the discharge water temperature from the reservoir lowers significantly, the agricultural production and aquatic ecology downstream will be negatively impacted. (1-4) Groundwater Environment The measures of dam anti-seepage and reservoir interception and storage will change the riverwater replenishment to the grassland, so that there will probably be some changes in the regional total quantity of groundwater resources. (2) Impact on Ecological Environment (2-1) Impact on Aquatic Ecology z\03 Impact on Plankton and Benthos: With the reservoir impoundment at the early sage, the riverwater quantity downstream the dam will become much less than the natural status. Since water is the basic non- biological factor in aquatic eco-system, less water means smaller living space for plankton and benthos, and further means smaller bio-mass of the plankton and benthos. After the completion of the construction, reservoir water surface will be larger and water depth will be deeper, which will have some impact of the reservoir plankton and benthos. The reservoir interception and storage in the operation period will result in some hydrological changes in the river section downstream the dam, which will have some impact on the plankton and benthos in downstream river. z\03 Impact on Fish 9\03 Impact of Dam Barring on Fish: Since the dam is built across the mainstream, it will change the hydrological situation in the previous river course. The separation of the previous relative complete aquatic eco-system and the cutting impact on habitat will have certain separation impact on the river fishes. 9\03 Impact of Hydrological Changes on Fishes: With the reservoir impoundment at the early sage, the riverwater will become much less than the natural status, which can make some fishes stranded and can impact the food hunting situation in the downstream river. 9\03 The reservoir hydrological changes after the completion of the reservoir construction will be reflected mainly in larger water surface and deeper water. As a result, there will be more organic crumbs and benthos in the water, and the fishes will have larger living space. Therefore, the built reservoir will influence the fish population. 9\03 After the completion of the construction, the riverwater downstream the dam will be much less, which will directly result in smaller living space for the downstream river fishes and impact the fish habitat. Page 50 49 (2-2) Impact on Aiding Lake The shallow groundwater of Meiyaogou and Ertanggou catchments is one of the important recharge water sources for Aiding Lake, and Alagou recharges Aiding Lake with both surface water and groundwater. Due to the project construction, the groundwater recharge from Meiyaogou, Ertanggou and Alagou rivers will change in quantity, and the surface water area and water level of Aiding Lake will be impacted. Besides, the changes in Aiding Lake environment will impact the eco-environment at the lake area. (3) Impact on Environmental Geology The reservoir impoundment will cause some partial changes in stress condition, which can mean some environmental geological problems such as earthquake, landslide, embankment collapse, seepage and so on. The identification results of environmental impact factors of the project components are illustrated in Table 1.4-1 and Table 1.4-2. Page 51 5 0 T a b l e 1 . 4 - 1 . I d e n t i f i c a t i o n R e s u l t s o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t F a c t o r s o f t h e P r o j e c t C o m p o n e n t s I d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f P o s s i b l e I m p a c t F a c t o r s i n t h e P r o j e c t C o m p o n e n t s A c t i v i t i e s t h a t a r e p o s s i b l e t o i m p a c t e n v i r o n m e n t a l r e s o u r c e s a n d t h e v a l u e P o s s i b l e D a m a g e s t o o r P o s s i b l e B e n e f i t s f o r t h e N a t u r a l / S o c i a l E n v i r o n m e n t B a s i s o f E I A A n a l y s i s T y p i c a l M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s R e s e r v o i r C o n s t r u c t i o n W a t e r - S a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n C a n a l C o n s t r u c t i o n a n d I m p r o v e m e n t K a r e z P r o t e c t i o n 1 . E n v i r o n m e n t a l I s s u e s i n R e l a t i o n w i t h S i t e S e l e c t i o n o c c u p i e d a r e a L a n d o c c u p a t i o n L o s s i n p r o d u c t i o n c a p a c i t y i n c o m e f r o m u n i t a r e a f a r m l a n d a d j u s t m e n t a n d c o m p e n s a t i o n 199.8 656.6 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 199.8 714.2 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 t y p e , q u a n t i t y , v a l u e L o s s o f p r i v a t e s t r u c t u r e s n u m b e r o f r e s e t t l e r s p r o p e r r e s e t t l e m e n t 228.9 595.4 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 228.9 656.6 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 228.9 714.2 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 D a m a g e t o t h e e x i s t i n g s t r u c t u r e s L o s s o f i n f r a s t r u c t u r e t y p e , f e a t u r e s a n d e s t i m a t e d v a l u e r e p l a c e t h e f u n c t i o n s o f t h e p r e v i o u s i n f r a s t r u c t u r e 258.1 656.6 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 258.1 714.2 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 a r e a / t y p e o f v e g e t a t i o n c h a n g e t h e p r o j e c t l o c a t i o n D a m a g e t o v e g e t a t i o n f i n a n c i a l a n d e c o l o g i c a l v a l u e s v e g e t a t i o n r e h a b i l i t a t i o n s p e c i e s i n v e n t o r y r e d u c e l a n d u s e a r e a D a m a g e t o t h e a r e a s o f e c o l o g i c a l v a l u e d a m a g e t o b i o - d i v e r s i t y e x c e p t i o n a l a r e a p l a n t a t o t h e r p l a c e a s a c o m p e n s a t i o n 320.7 595.4 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 320.7 656.6 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 320.7 714.2 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 2 . E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o b l e m s P o s s i b l e i n t h e E n g i n e e r i n g P e r i o d r e d u c e l a n d o c c u p a t i o n , s p e c i f y t h e o b l i g a t i o n o f t h e c o n t r a c t o r T e m p o r a r y l a n d o c c u p a t i o n a s e n g i n e e r i n g s i t e I m p a c t o n l a n d u s e a n d p r o d u c t i o n a r e a , u s a g e a n d l o c a t i o n o f t h e o c c u p i e d l a n d m o n i t o r i n g a n d s u p e r v i s i o n o v e r e n g i n e e r i n g a c t i v i t i e s t y p e a n d a r e a o f t h e d a m a g e d v e g e t a t i o n m e t h o d o f v e g e t a t i o n c l e a r a n c e a n d s u p e r v i s i o n o v e r c l e a r i n g a c t i v i t i e s V e g e t a t i o n c l e a r a n c e d a m a g e t o f o r e s t , f r u i t p l a n t a t i o n a n d f a r m l a n d e c o n o m i c v a l u e a r e a r e g i o n a l i z a t i o n o b l i g a t i o n o f t h e c o n t r a c t o r e a s i e r a c c e s s t o n a t u r a l a r e a r i s k s o f i l l e g a l h u n t i n g a n d s o o n d i s t r i c t o r s p e c i e s t o b e t h r e a t e n e d m a n a g e m e n t o f e n g i n e e r i n g s t a f f Page 52 5 1 p r o d u c t i o n w a s t e w a t e r p o l l u t i o n f a c t o r d o m e s t i c s e w a g e d i s c h a r g e q u a n t i t y o f w a s t e w a t e r a n d s e w a g e r e u s e f o r v e g e t a t i o n i r r i g a t i o n a n d o t h e r p u r p o s e s a f t e r p r o p e r t r e a t m e n t o b l i g a t i o n o f t h e c o n t r a c t o r w a t e r - s o i l l o s s e a r t h w o r k e x c a v a t i o n , b a c k f i l l i n g a n d t h e m a n a g e m e n t o f e a r t h w o r k a n d s t o n e w o r k m o n i t o r i n g s o i l c o n s e r v a t i o n t e m p o r a r y o c c u p a t i o n o r d a m a g e l o c a t i o n , s c o p e , l a n d o c c u p a t i o n p u r p o s e T h e c o n t r a c t o r i s o b l i g e d t o s u b m i t " M a n a g e m e n t P l a n o f D a m a g e d a n d O c c u p i e d L a n d " s c h e d u l e o f e n g i n e e r i n g p r o g r e s s o b l i g a t i o n o f t h e c o n t r a c t o r ( w a t e r s p r a y i n g ) s t a t i s t i c s o f e n g i n e e r i n g s t a f f p r o t e c t i v e m e a s u r e s f o r e n g i n e e r i n g s t a f f W a s t e s f r o m d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n e m i s s i o n o f d u s t a n d o t h e r p a r t i c l e s t h e l o c a t i o n a n d d i s t a n c e o f r e s i d e n t i a l z o n e a n d t h e p r e v a i l i n g w i n d d i r e c t i o n 296.3 395.5 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 p a r t i c l e s a n d n o i s e m a t e r i a l t r a n s p o r t a t i o n q u a n t i t y t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n m a t e r i a l s a n d e n g i n e e r i n g e q u i p m e n t s t r a n s p o r t a t i o n s a f e t y t r a n s p o r t a t i o n m e a n s t h e o b l i g a t i o n s o f t h e c o n t r a c t o r : t h e m a i n t e n a n c e o f v e h i c l e a n d r o a d s i g n s a n d t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n s u p e r v i s i o n p l a n n e d n u m b e r o f e m p l o y e e s o b l i g a t i o n s o f t h e c o n t r a c t o r ( E M P i m p l e m e n t a t i o n ) T h e e m p l o y m e n t o f l o c a l l a b o r s w i l l b r i n g d i r e c t b e n e f i t t o t h e l o c a l r e s i d e n t s a n d e t h n i c m i n o r i t i e s . p l a n n e d n u m b e r a n d p e r c e n t a g e o f t h e l o c a l e m p l o y e e s m o n i t o r i n g 381.0 714.2 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 n u m b e r o f s t a f f p o s s i b l y t o b e i m p a c t e d o b l i g a t i o n o f t h e c o n t r a c t o r : s a n i t a r y s a f e t y m a n a g e m e n t h e a l t h s t a t i s t i c s ( i n c i d e n c e o f a d i s e a s e ) m o n i t o r i n g e m p l o y m e n t o f e n g i n e e r i n g s t a f f i m p a c t o f s a n i t a r y s a f e t y o n t h e e n g i n e e r i n g s t a f f a n d t h e l o c a l r e s i d e n t s i n f o r m a t i o n o f l o c a l i n f e c t i o u s d i s e a s e s a n d e p i d e m i c d i s e a s e s 475.9 395.5 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 450.9 714.2 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 Page 53 5 2 s u r f a c e w a t e r q u a l i t y , e n v i r o n m e n t a l q u a l i t y s t a n d a r d , d i s c h a r g e l i m i t p o l l u t i o n o f d o m e s t i c s e w a g e a g a i n s t s u r f a c e w a t e r b o d i e s n e a r b y h y d r a u l i c s t r u c t u r e s d o w n s t r e a m o b l i g a t i o n o f t h e c o n t r a c t o r : s a n i t a r y s a f e t y m a n a g e m e n t / s u p e r v i s i o n a n d w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t / s u p e r v i s i o n 144.3 714.2 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 n e c e s s a r y e q u i p m e n t , e n g i n e e r i n g p l a n d i s t r i b u t e e a r p l u g a n d o t h e r p r o t e c t i v e t o o l s t o t h e e n g i n e e r i n g s t a f f n u m b e r o f e n g i n e e r i n g s t a f f c l o s e t o n o i s e s o u r c e I t i s f o r b i d d e n t o o p e r a t e l a r g e m a c h i n e a t n i g h t . t h e d i s t a n c e t o t h e n e a r e s t r e s i d e n t i a l z o n e a n d t h e p o p u l a t i o n d e n s i t y T h e l o c a l r e s i d e n t s a r e i n f o r m e d o f t h e o p e r a t i o n t i m e . w i n d d i r e c t i o n a n d v e l o c i t y t h e o b l i g a t i o n s o f t h e c o n t r a c t o r u s e o f l a r g e m a c h i n e s i m p a c t o f n o i s e a n d w a s t e g a s o n t h e e n g i n e e r i n g s t a f f a n d t h e l o c a l r e s i d e n t s l i m i t o f n o i s e a n d g a s e m i s s i o n m o n i t o r i n g 237.5 714.2 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t a n d d i s p o s a l p l a n o b l i g a t i o n o f t h e c o n t r a c t o r p r o d u c t i o n o f s o l i d w a s t e p o l l u t i o n a g a i n s t s o i l s , r i v e r a n d g r o u n d w a t e r t y p e s a n d q u a n t i t y o f w a s t e s : d o m e s t i c g a r b a g e , b u i l d i n g r e s i d u e s , a b a n d o n r e s i d u e s m o n i t o r i n g 325.5 714.2 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 3 . E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o b l e m s P o s s i b l e i n t h e O p e r a t i o n P e r i o d o p t i m i z e t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f w a t e r r e s o u r c e s ; r e a s o n a b l e u s e o f w a t e r r e s o u r c e s s t r u c t u r e c h a n g e o f r e s e r v o i r w a t e r t e m p e r a t u r e r e s e r v o i r i m p o u n d m e n t i m p a c t o n t h e d o w n s t r e a m i r r i g a t i o n s c h e m e a n a l y z i n g t h e w a t e r s u p p l y - d e m a n d b a l a n c e t o m a k e s u r e t h a t t h e r e s e r v o i r s w i l l b e c o n s t r u c t e d a s t h e s a m e p a c e o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f w a t e r - s a v i n g i r r i g a t i o n ; i t i s s t r i c t l y f o r b i d d e n t o e n l a r g e i r r i g a t i o n a r e a 410.1 595.4 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 410.1 656.6 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 410.1 714.2 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 r e s e r v o i r w a t e r s u p p l y u p g r a d e t h e g u a r a n t e e r a t e o f w a t e r s u p p l y t o i n d u s t r i a l a n d a g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t i o n t a s k s o f e n g i n e e r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n 478.7 395.5 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 478.7 595.4 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 478.7 656.6 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 478.7 714.2 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 Page 54 5 3 r e d u c e g r o u n d w a t e r e x p l o i t a t i o n d a m c o n s t r u c t i o n B a r r i e r i m p a c t h a b i t a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n o f a q u a t i c l i f e m o n i t o r i n g g r o u n d w a t e r l e v e l 142.3 595.4 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 142.3 656.6 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 142.3 714.2 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 f l o o d p r e v e n t i o n r e d u c e f l o o d d a m a g e d o w n s t r e a m p e o p l e f l o o d - i m p a c t e d d o w n s t r e a m 162.7 395.5 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 162.7 595.4 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 162.7 656.6 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 162.7 714.2 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 T a b l e 1 . 4 - 2 . M a t r i x o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t I d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f t h e P r o j e c t C o m p o n e n t s E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t F a c t o r N a t u r a l E n v i r o n m e n t E c o l o g i c a l E n v i r o n m e n t S o c i a l E n v i r o n m e n t P e r i o d A c t i v i t y A i r W a t e r A c o u s t i c L a n d s c a p e S o i l P l a n t A n i m a l S o i l C o n s e r v . P u b l i c H e a l t h L o c a l E c o n o m y E m p l o y P e o p l e ’ s i n c o m e L i v e l i h o o d Q u a l i t y C u l t u r a l R e l i c s T o u r i s m L a n d o c c u p a t i o n S S S M L L S M N S S S S - S S E n g i n e e r i n g a c t i v i t y S S S L S L S L - S S S S S - S S C o n s t r u - c t i o n C o n c e n t r a t i o n o f e n g i n e e r i n g s t a f f S S M L S L M M - M S S S S - S S O p e r a t i o n F a c i l i t i e s o p e r a t i o n N S N M S S S S + S L L L M M M N o t e : S = s l i g h t i m p a c t , M = m o d e r a t e i m p a c t , L = h e a v y i m p a c t ; = p o s i t i v e i m p a c t , = n e g a t i v e i m p a c t , N = n o i m p a c t Page 55 54 1.4.2. Identification of Cumulative Environmental Impacts In accordance with the above analysis and considering the types and features of the project components, the identification matrix of the cumulative environmental impacts is presented in Table 1.4-2. The identification matrix of cumulative environmental impact factors in the project is presented in Table 1.4-3. (1) Principles in Selecting EIA Factors A. conventional pollution factor; B. the factor that has relatively big impact on environment and belongs to one of the factors of the project characteristic pollutants; and C. the factor whose limit is clearly defined by the national environmental standards. (2) Identification Results of Environmental Impact Factor Table 1.4-3. Identification Matrix of Cumulative Environmental Impact Factors Environment Impact Factors Water Environment Ecological Environment Social Environment Period Ground water Ecological Integrality Aiding Lake Local Economy Employ People’s income Livelihood Quality Cultural Relics Tourism Operation L -S S L L L M M M 1.6. Overall Frame of Environmental Impact Assessment Report The overall frame of the environmental impact assessment report is illustrated in Fig 1.6-1. Page 56 Introduction L aw, Legal Regulations and Administration Frame Project Description and Analysis Impact on social environment Impact on ecological e nvironment General Description of the Environment of the Project Area General Description of r egional Environment Impact on water e nvironment Present Situation of Environmental Quality and its Assessment in the Project Area Impact on air environment Impact on acoustic environment EIA in the Construction Period Impact on public health Environmental Impact Assessment EIA in the Operation Period Cumulative EIA Impact on social environment Impact on ecological environment Mitigation Measures Mitigation Measures in the Construction Period Impact on water environment Mitigation Measures in the Operation Period Risk Analysis and Mitigation Measures Analysis of Zero Scheme Analysis of Alternative Schemes Comparison among Project Construction Schemes Cost-benefit Analysis of Environment Economy Public Participation and Information Disclosure Resettlement and Social Impact Environmental Management System Summary of Environmental Management Plan Implementation Plan of Environmental Protection Measures Environmental Monitoring Plan EIA Conclusions and Recommendations Environmental Management Cost Estimation and Financial Sources E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t A s s e s s m e n t R e p o r t Fig 1.6-1. Frame of Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page 57 56 2 Framework for Policies, Laws and Administration 2.1 Environmental Policies, Regulations and Documents 2.1.1 Summary Based on comprehensive analysis of the type, scale, site and environmental sensitivity of the project and the features and extent of its potential environmental impact, the EIA of this project is made mainly in accordance with and with regard to the following policies, laws, regulations and standards: 1) environmental protection laws and regulations; 2) technical policies on pollution prevention and control; 3) plans and master plans for socioeconomic development and environmental protection; 4) city master plan; 5) technical guidelines on environmental impact assessment; 6) environmental quality standards; 7) pollutant discharge control standards; 8) World Bank safeguard policies. The above policies, laws, regulations and standards comprise the policy, legal and regulatory framework for guiding and standardizing the environmental impact assessment of this project. Since the subprojects vary in category and nature, the policies, laws, regulations and standards that apply are also different in each of the cases. In addition, the EIA of this project also uses the feasibility study report, administrative review and approval documents of government line agencies and other relevant documents that specifically reflect and apply the above-mentioned the policies, laws, regulations and standards as one of the bases for EIA. 2.1.2 Environmental Protection Laws and Regulations 1) Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China (December 26, 1989); 2) Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People’s Republic of China (October 28, 2002); 3) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Water Pollution Prevention and Control and its detailed implementation rules (February 28, 2008); 4) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Atmospheric Pollution Prevention and Control (April 29, 2000); 5) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise Pollution (October 29, 1996); Page 58 57 6) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution Caused by Solid Waste (April 1, 2005); 7) Water Law of the People’s Republic of China (August 29, 2002); 8) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Soil and Water Conservation (June 29, 1991); 9) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Protection of Wildlife (August 28, 2004); 10) Fishery Law of the People’s Republic of China (October 31,2000); 11) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Protection of Cultural Relics December 29, 2007 ; 12) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Flood Control August 29, 1997; 13) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Land Administration August 28, 2004; 14) Grassland Law of the People’s Republic of China December 28, 2002; 15) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases August 28, 2004; 16) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution June 28, 2003 . 2.1.3 Environmental Protection Regulations, Ministry and Commission Regulations and Protection Catalogs 1) Regulations for Implementation of Law of the People’s Republic of China on Soil and Water Conservation August 1, 1993; 2) Regulations of the People’s Republic of China for Protection of Wild Plant September 30, 1996 ; 3) Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Nature Reserves October 9, 1994; 4) Regulations of the People’s Republic of China for River Administration June 10, 1988 ; 5) Regulations for Environmental Protection Administration of Construction Projects November 29, 1998; 6) Outline for National Ecological and Environmental Protection (April 10, 2001); 7) National 11 th Five Year Master Plan for Ecological Protection HuanFa 2006 [No.158]; 8) Provisions for Administration of Pollution Prevention and Control for Drinking Water Sources Protection Zones July 1989 ; 9) Interim Measures for Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment (HuanFa 2006 [No.28]); Page 59 58 10) Circular on Strengthening Environmental Impact Assessment Administration of Construction Projects Financed by International Financial Organization Loans by Four Ministries, HuanJian [1993] No.324 . 11) Circular on Strengthening Environmental Protection for Hydropower Construction HuanFa [2005] No.13 12) A Number of Recommendations for Strengthening Environmental Protection Administration of Construction Projects in Western Development (HuanFa [2001] No.4); 13) Recommendations of State Environmental Protection Administration for Strengthening Regulation of Ecological and Environmental Protection in Resources Development (HuanFa [2004] No.24); 14) Circular on Strengthening Ecological and Environmental Administration of Construction Projects for Natural Resources Development (SEPA, December 1994); 15 ) Letter Concerning Issuance of “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Ecological Water Use, Low Temperature Water and Fish Passage Facilities in River Courses for Hydropower and Water Construction Projects (for Trial Implementation)” (HuanPingHan [2006] No.4); 16) Letter Concerning Issuance of Minutes of Workshop on Water Environment and Aquatic Ecology Protection Technology and Policies for Hydropower and Water Construction Projects HuanBanHan [2006] No.11; 17) Circular on Strengthening Administration on Environmental Impact Assessment and Preventing Environmental Risks SEPA Document [2005] No.152 ; 18) List of Classified Environmental Protection Administration of Construction Projects (SEPA Document October 2008) 19) List of National Nature Reserves of China 2004; 20) List of Key Protected Species of Wild Animals Under State Protection (No. 7 Decree of State Forest Administration, February 2003) 21) List of Key Protected Wild Plants Under State Protection 1 st Batch (Revised version issued in January 2008), 2.1.4 Local Environmental Protection Regulations and Protection Catalogs 1) Regulations of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Environmental Protection July, 1996 2) Regulations of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Protection of Wildlife September, 2006 3) Regulations of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Protection of Wild Plants September, 2006 Page 60 59 4) Regulations of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Protection of Natural Forest in Plains December, 2008 5) Regulations of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Protection of Kariz Systems (September 29, 2006) 6) Public Notice of the People’s Government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region On Division of Key Soil and Water Loss Prevention and Protection Areas, Key Supervision Areas and Key Treatment Areas in the Region (October, 2000) 7) Circular On Promulgation of the Catalog of Protected Key Wild Aquatic Animals in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region XinZhengFa [2004] No.67 8) Water Environmental Function Zone Division in Xinjiang, China 9) Ecological Function Zone Division in Xinjiang 10) Catalog of Nature Reserves in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 2003 11) Catalog of Protected Key Wildlife in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XinLinDongZhiZi [2000] No.201) 12) Catalog of Protected Key Wild Plants in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XinZhengBanFa [2007] No.175) 2.1.5 Plans for Socioeconomic Development and Environmental Protection 1) 11 th Five Year Master Plan of Turfan Prefecture Xinjinag 2) 11 th Five Year Master Plan of Turfan Prefecture for Water Saving Society Development 3) 11 th Five Year Master Plan of Turfan Prefecture for National Economic and Social Development 4) Master Plan of Turfan Prefecture for Groundwater Utilization 5) Report on Master Plan for Agricultural High Efficient Water Saving Irrigation in Turfan City, Turfan Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 6) Report on Master Plan for “Wuhe (Five River)” Basin of Turfan City 7) Report on 11 th Five Year Master Plan for Water Saving Society Development in Shanshan County 8) Report on Master Plan for “Sanhe (Three River)” Basin of Shanshan County 9) Report on Master Plan for Water Saving in Tuoxun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 10) Report on Master Plan for “Lianghe (Two River)” Basin of Tuoxun County Page 61 60 11) Master Plan for Protection and Utilization of Kariz Systems in Xinjiang. 2.1.6 Technical Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Impact Assessment 1) HJ/T2.1-93 Technical Guidelines on EIA – Outline 2) HJ/T2.2-2008 Technical Guidelines on EIA – Atmospheric Environment 3) HJ/T2.3-93 Technical Guidelines on EIA – Surface Water Environment 4) HJ/T2.4-1995 Technical Guidelines on EIA – Acoustic Environment 5) HJ/T19-1997 Technical Guidelines on EIA – Non-pollution Impact on Ecology 6) HJ/T88-2003 Technical Guidelines on EIA – Water and Hydropower Engineering 7 HJ/T169-2004 Technical Guidelines on Environmental Risk Assessment of Construction Projects; 8) HJ/T192-2006 Technical Norms for Assessment on Eco-environmental Status (Pilot Edition); 9) GB/T16453.1 6 -1996 Technical Norms for Water and Soil Conservation and Comprehensive Improvement; 10) GB/T50433-2008 Technical Norms for Water and Soil Conservation of Development and Construction Projects. 2.1.7. Environmental Quality Standards (1) Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002) (Table 2.1-1) Table 2.1-1 Surface Water Environment Quality Evaluation Standards Classification Standard mg/L Environmental Quality Code Parameters for Water Quality Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class V Water temperature ( ) Ambient water temperature variation caused by man forces shall be limited as below: Weekly average maximum temperature rise 1 Weekly average maximum temperature drop 2 pH 6-9 DO Saturation rate 90% or 7.5 6 5 3 2 CODMn 2 4 6 10 15 chemical oxygen demand COD 15 15 20 30 40 5-day oxygen demand BOD5 3 3 4 6 10 NH3-N 0.15 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Total phosphor P based 0.02(lake, reservoir 0.01) 0.1(lake, reservoir 0.025) 0.2(lake, reservoir 0.05) 0.3(lake, reservoir 0.1) 0.4(lake, reservoir 0.2) Total nitrogen lake and reservoir based on N 0.2 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Cu 0.01 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standards For Surface Water Zn 0.05 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 Page 62 61 Fluoride ( based on F-) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 Selenium 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 Arsenic 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.1 Hg 0.00005 0.00005 0.0001 0.001 0.001 Cadmium 0.001 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.01 Hexavalent chromium 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 Lead 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.1 Cyanide 0.005 0.05 0.2 0.2 0.2 volatile phenol 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.01 0.1 Petroleum group 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.5 1.0 anionic surfactant 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 sulfide 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 fecal coliform bacteria colony bacteria /L 200 2000 10000 20000 40000 (2) National Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) (Table 2.1-2) Table 2.1-2 Pollutant Concentration Limits in National Ambient Air Quality Standard Concentration. Limits Pollutant Sampling Time Grade-1 Grade-2 Grade-3 Unit SO 2 Annual average Daily average 1 hour average 0.02 0.05 0.15 0.06 0.15 0.50 0.10 0.25 0.70 TSP Annual average Daily average 0.08 0.12 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.50 Respirable Particulate Matter PM 10 Annual average Daily average 0.04 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.15 0.25 NO x Annual average Daily average 1 hour average 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.10 0.15 0.30 NO 2 Annual average Daily average 1 hour average 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.80 0.12 0.24 CO Daily average 1 hour average 4.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 6.00 20.00 O 3 1 hour average 0.12 0.16 0.20 mg/m 3 standard state Pb Quarterly average Annual average 1.50 1.00 B[a]P Daily average 0.01 Daily average 1 hour average 7 20 µg/m 3 standard state F Monthly average Growing season average 1.8 3.0 1.2 2.0 µg/ dm 3 ·d Note: Suitable for urban districts; Suitable for silkworm nurturing districts and animal husbandry districts or the semi animal husbandry districts with grazing as the leading industry; is suitable for agricultural and forestry districts. (3) Standard for Groundwater Quality (GB/T14848-93) (Table 2.1-3) Table 2.1-3. Standard Values of Soil Environmental Quality (unit: mg/kg) Page 63 62 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Item Natural Background pH <6.5 pH 6.5~7.5 pH >7.5 pH >6.5 Cd 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.60 1.0 Hg 0.15 0.30 0.50 1.0 1.5 As irrigated farmland Rain-fed farmland 15 15 30 40 25 30 20 25 30 40 Cu farmland Fruit plantation 35 — 50 150 100 200 100 200 400 400 Lead 35 250 300 350 500 Cr irrigated farmland Rain-fed farmland 90 90 250 150 300 200 350 250 400 300 Zinc 100 200 250 300 500 Ni 40 40 50 60 200 666 0.05 0.50 1.0 DDT 0.05 0.50 1.0 Notes: Heavy metals of Cr (mainly tervalency) and As are calculated on the basis of element volume. It is suitable for the soils with cation exchange capacity > 5 cmol (+)/kg. If 5 cmol(+)/kg, the standard value is half of the value in the table. The total of 4 isomers is for 666, while the total of 4 derivatives is for DDT. For the rotational farmland of paddy rice + upland crops, As will use the soil environmental quality standard for irrigated farmland, while Cr – for rain-fed farmland. (4) Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB 3096-2008) (Table 2.1-4) Table 2.1-4 Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (unit: dB) Time Period Type of Functional Zone Day Time Night Type 0 50 40 Type 1 55 45 Type 2 60 50 Type 3 65 55 Type 4a 70 55 Type 4 Type 4b 70 60 (5) Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005) (Table 2.1-5) Table 2.1-5. Standard Value for Basic Control of Irrigation Water Quality Crops No. Items Upland Crops Vegetables 1 5 days BOD mg/L 100 40 a 15 b 2 COD mg/L 200 100 a 60 b 3 suspended solid mg/L 100 60 a 15 b 4 anionic surface active agent mg/L 8 5 5 water temperature 35 6 pH 5.5 8.5 7 total salt mg/L 1000a non-saline soil 2000b saline soil Page 64 63 8 chloride mg/L 350 9 sulfide mg/L 1 10 total mercury mg/L 0.001 11 cadmium mg/L 0.01 12 total As mg/L 0.1 0.05 13 Cr hexavalence mg/L 0.1 14 lead mg/L 0.2 15 Fecal coliforms pc/100mL 4000 2000 a , 1000 b 16 Ascaris eggs pc/L 2 2 a , 1 b Notes: a: processed, cooked and peeled vegetables. b: raw vegetables, melons and herbal fruits c: the places with certain irrigation and drainage facilities, the places that the drainage and ground runoff is smooth, or the places with sufficient freshwater resources to wash off the salts in soils. The index of total salt in irrigation water can be approximately relaxed. (6) Standard of Soil Environment Quality (GB15618-1995) (Table 2.1-6) Table 2.1-6. Category Index of Groundwater Quality No. Items Grade-I Grade-II Grade-III Grade-IV Grade-V 1 Color 5 5 15 25 >25 2 Olfactory and taste No No No No Yes 3 Turbidity 3 3 3 10 >10 4 Visible objects No No No No Yes 5 pH 6.5 8.5 5.5~6.5, 8.5~9 <5.5 >9 6 Total hardness (in CaCO 3) ( mg/L) 150 300 450 550 >550 7 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l) 300 500 1000 2000 >2000 8 sulfate (mg/L) 50 150 250 350 >350 9 chloride (mg/L) 50 150 250 350 >350 10 Fe (mg/L) 0.1 0.2 0.3 1.5 >1.5 11 Mn (mg/L) 0.05 0.05 0.1 1.0 >1.0 12 Cu (mg/L) 0.01 0.05 1.0 1.5 >1.5 13 Zn (mg/L) 0.05 0.5 1.0 5.0 >5.0 14 Mo (mg/L) 0.001 0.01 0.1 0.5 >0.5 15 Co (mg/L) 0.005 0.05 0.05 1.0 >1.0 16 volatile phenols (in phenol) (mg/L) 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.01 >0.01 17 synthetic detergent (mg/L) not detected 0.1 0.3 0.3 >0.3 18 Permanganate Index (mg/L) 1.0 2.0 3.0 10 >10 19 nitrate (in N) (mg/L) 2.0 5.0 20 30 >30 20 nitrite (in N) (mg/L) 0.001 0.01 0.02 0.1 >0.1 21 NH 4 (mg/L) 0.02 0.02 0.2 0.5 >0.5 22 fluoride (mg/L) 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 >2.0 Page 65 64 23 iodide (mg/L) 0.1 0.1 0.2 1.0 >1.0 24 cyanide (mg/L) 0.001 0.01 0.05 0.1 >0.1 25 Hg (mg/L) 0.00005 0.0005 0.001 0.001 >0.001 26 As (mg/L) 0.005 0.01 0.05 0.05 >0.05 27 Se (mg/L) 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.1 >0.1 28 Cd (mg/L) 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.01 >0.01 29 Cr 6 + (mg/L) 0.005 0.01 0.05 0.1 >0.1 30 Pb (mg/L) 0.005 0.01 0.05 0.1 >0.1 31 Be (mg/L) 0.00002 0.0001 0.0002 0.001 >0.001 32 Ba (mg/L) 0.01 0.1 1.0 4.0 >4.0 33 Ni (mg/L) 0.005 0.05 0.05 0.1 >0.1 34 DDT ( g/L) not detected 0.005 1.0 1.0 >1.0 35 666 ( g /L) 0.005 0.05 5.0 5.0 >5.0 36 Fecal coliforms (pc/L) 3.0 3.0 3.0 100 >100 37 total bacteria (pc/mL) 100 100 100 1000 >1000 38 Total radioactivity (BqL) 0.1 0.1 0.1 >0.1 >0.1 39 total radioactivity (Bq/L) 0.1 1.0 1.0 >1.0 >1.0 (7) Standard of Grassland from Survey Guidelines and Technical Specifications of Grassland Resources in National Key-point Grazing Areas Grassland Grade-1: excellent grasses over 60%; Grassland Grade-2: good grasses over 60%, excellent + moderate grasses 40%; Grassland Grade-3: moderate grasses over 60%, good + poor grasses 40%; Grassland Grade-4: poor grasses over 60%, moderate + very poor grasses 40%; and Grassland Grade-5: very poor grasses over 60%. In terms of fresh grass production, the grassland is categorized into 8 classes: Grassland Class-1: 800 kg/mu; Grassland Class-2: 600~800 kg/mu; Grassland Class-3: 400~600 kg/mu; Grassland Class-4: 300~400 kg/mu; kg/mu; Grassland Class-5: 200~300 kg/mu; Grassland Class-6: 100~200 kg/mu; Grassland Class-7: 50~100 kg/mu; and Grassland Class-8: less than 50 kg/mu. Page 66 65 The environmental quality standards and assessment factors for the EIA of the project components are illustrated in Table 2.1-7. Page 67 6 6 T a b l e 2 . 1 - 7 E n v i r o n m e n t a l Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d s A p p l i e d i n E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t A s s e s s m e n t o f t h e S u b p r o j e c t s a n d t h e A s s e s s m e n t P a r a m e t e r s S N C a t e g o r y o f p r o j e c t N a m e o f p r o j e c t N a m e o f s t a n d a r d C l a s s A s s e s s m e n t p a r a m e t e r M e i y a o g o u R e s e r v o i r ( 1 ) G B 3 8 3 8 - 2 0 0 2 E n v i r o n m e n t a l Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d f o r S u r f a c e W a t e r ( 2 ) G B 3 0 9 5 - 1 9 9 6 E n v i r o n m e n t a l Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d f o r A i r ( 3 ) G B 3 0 9 6 - 2 0 0 8 E n v i r o n m e n t a l Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d f o r N o i s e C l a s s I I C l a s s I , G r a d e 2 P H , C O D M n , C O D C r , a m m o n i a n i t r o g e n , t o t a l p h o s p h o r u s , m e r c u r y , c o p p e r , c a d m i u m , i r o n , l e a d , z i n c , f l u o r i d e , a r s e n i c , c h r o m e ( h e x a v a l e n t ) , c y a n i d e , v o l a t i l e p h e n o l , a n i o n i c s u r f a c t a n t T S P e q u i v a l e n t s o u n d l e v e l E r t a n g g o u R e s e r v o i r d i t t o d i t t o d i t t o 1 R e s e r v o i r s c h e m e A l a g o u R e s e r v o i r ( 1 ) G B 3 8 3 8 - 2 0 0 2 E n v i r o n m e n t a l Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d f o r S u r f a c e W a t e r ( 2 ) G B 3 0 9 5 - 1 9 9 6 E n v i r o n m e n t a l Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d f o r A i r ( 3 ) G B 3 0 9 6 - 2 0 0 8 E n v i r o n m e n t a l Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d f o r N o i s e C l a s s I C l a s s I G r a d e 2 P H , C O D M n , C O D C r , a m m o n i a n i t r o g e n , t o t a l p h o s p h o r u s , m e r c u r y , c o p p e r , c a d m i u m , i r o n , l e a d , z i n c , f l u o r i d e , a r s e n i c , c h r o m e ( h e x a v a l e n t ) , c y a n i d e , v o l a t i l e p h e n o l , a n i o n i c s u r f a c t a n t T S P e q u i v a l e n t s o u n d l e v e l W a t e r s a v i n g i r r i g a t i o n s c h e m e o f T u r f a n C i t y ( 1 ) G B 3 8 3 8 - 2 0 0 2 E n v i r o n m e n t a l Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d f o r S u r f a c e W a t e r ( 2 ) G B 5 0 8 4 - 2 0 0 5 W a t e r Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d f o r O n - f a r m I r r i g a t i o n ( 3 ) G B 3 0 9 5 - 1 9 9 6 E n v i r o n m e n t a l Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d f o r A i r ( 4 ) G B 3 0 9 6 - 2 0 0 8 E n v i r o n m e n t a l Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d f o r N o i s e C l a s s I I C l a s s I , G r a d e 2 P H , C O D M n , C O D C r , a m m o n i a n i t r o g e n , t o t a l p h o s p h o r u s , m e r c u r y , c o p p e r , c a d m i u m , i r o n , l e a d , z i n c , f l u o r i d e , a r s e n i c , c h r o m e ( h e x a v a l e n t ) , c y a n i d e , v o l a t i l e p h e n o l , a n i o n i c s u r f a c t a n t W a t e r t e m p e r a t u r e , P H , B O D 5 , C O D , S S , a n i o n i c s u r f a c t a n t , s a l t c o n t e n t , c h l o r i d e , s u l p h i d e , t o t a l m e r c u r y , c a d m i u m , t o t a l a r s e n i c , c h r o m e ( h e x a v a l e n t ) , l e a d , q u a n t i t y o f f e c a l c o l i f o r m b a c t e r i a , q u a n t i t y o f a s c a r i d e g g s T S P e q u i v a l e n t s o u n d l e v e l W a t e r s a v i n g i r r i g a t i o n s c h e m e o f S h a n s h a n C o u n t y d i t t o d i t t o d i t t o 2 W a t e r s a v i n g i r r i g a t i o n s c h e m e W a t e r s a v i n g i r r i g a t i o n s c h e m e o f T u o x u n C o u n t y d i t t o d i t t o d i t t o 3 C a n a l c o n s t r u c t i o n ( r e c o n s t r u c t i o n ) s c h e m e C a n a l s c h e m e i n T u r f a n C i t y ( 1 ) G B 3 8 3 8 - 2 0 0 2 E n v i r o n m e n t a l Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d f o r S u r f a c e W a t e r ( 2 ) G B 3 0 9 5 - 1 9 9 6 E n v i r o n m e n t a l Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d f o r A i r ( 3 ) G B 3 0 9 6 - 2 0 0 8 E n v i r o n m e n t a l Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d f o r N o i s e C L A S S I I C l a s s I , G r a d e 2 p H , C O D M n , C O D C r , B O D 5 , a m m o n i a n i t r o g e n , t o t a l p h o s p h o r u s , m e r c u r y , c o p p e r , c a d m i u m , i r o n , l e a d , z i n c , f l u o r i d e , a r s e n i c , c h r o m e ( h e x a v a l e n t ) , c y a n i d e , v o l a t i l e p h e n o l , a n i o n i c s u r f a c t a n t , E . c o l i T S P e q u i v a l e n t s o u n d l e v e l Page 68 6 7 C a n a l r e c o n s t r u c t i o n i n S h a n s h a n C o u n t y d i t t o d i t t o d i t t o C a n a l s c h e m e i n T u o x u n C o u n t y d i t t o d i t t o d i t t o 4 K a r i z s y s t e m p r e s e r v a t i o n s c h e m e W u d a o l i n K a r i z s y s t e m p r e s e r v a t i o n d i t t o d i t t o d i t t o Page 69 68 2.1.8. Limits of Pollutant discharge and Emission (1) Water Pollutant In accordance with Xinjiang Regionalization of Water Functions, the water bodies that the project components will involve in are of quality Grade-II of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002). Since it is forbidden to build new wastewater outfall, no production wastewater or domestic sewage will be directly discharged into the rivers. The treated water quality for reuse will be line with Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) (Table 2.1-8). If the treated water is to be used in engineering construction, the water quality standard for engineering construction will be respected; while if it is to be used for irrigation, Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005) will be employed. Table 2.1-8. Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) Standard Value Pollutant Standard Items Unit Value pH 414.8 483.8 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 6~9 SS mg/L 70 BOD 5 mg/L 20 Petroleum mg/L 10 NH 4 mg/L 15 anionic surface active agent mg/L 5 Wastewater Grade-I in Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978- 1996) animal fat and plant oil mg/L 10 (2) Air Pollutant Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants (GB 16297-1996) (Table 2.1-9) will be respected to monitor pollutant emission in air. Table 2.1-9. Emission Standard of Air Pollutants Items Standard Value (mg/m 3 ) Particles 1.0 (3) Noise Pollution Noise Limits for Construction Sites (GB12523-90) (Table 2.1-10) will be respected in the project construction. Table 2.1-10. Noise Limits for Construction Sites (GB12523-90) Day Time Night Earthwork/Stonework 75 55 Piling 85 No engineering Structuring 70 55 Page 70 69 Decoration 65 55 2.1.9. Safeguard Policy of the World Bank In social and environmental aspects, the World Bank has formulated 10 sets of safeguard policies. In accordance with the construction nature and engineering layout of the project, the project EIA scope and field surveys, the involvements of the project in the World Bank policies were selected, and the results are illustrated in Table 2.1-11. 2.1.10 Relevant Project Documents 1 T erm of Reference (TOR) of Environmental Management Plan of the World Bank Financed Turfan Prefecture Water Conservation Project 2 Subproject Feasibility Study Report 3 Subproject Environmental Impact Assessment Report (table) 4 technical assess ment comments on Subproject Environmental Impact Assessment Report of the (table) 5 Approval Document of Subproject Environmental Impact Assessment Report (table) 6 Subproject Soil and Water Conservation Plan 7 technical assessment comments on Subpr oject Soil and Water Conservation Plan Report 8 Approval Document of Subproject Soil and Water Conservation Plan Report \03 Page 71 7 0 T a b l e 2 . 1 - 1 1 . I n v o l v e m e n t s o f t h e P r o j e c t i n t h e W o r l d B a n k P o l i c i e s N o . P o l i c y N o . I t e m s P r o j e c t I n v o l v e m e n t J u s t i f i c a t i o n - 1 O P 4 . 0 1 ( E n v i r o n m e n t a l A s s e s s m e n t ) Y e s O n t h e b a s i s o f e n v i r o n m e n t a l i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o n t h e t y p e , l o c a t i o n , s e n s i t i v i t y a n d s c a l e o f t h e p r o j e c t a s w e l l a s o n t h e f e a t u r e s a n d d e g r e e s o f t h e p o t e n t i a l e n v i r o n m e n t a l i m p a c t s , t h i s p r o j e c t i s s e t a s a C a t e g o r y - A p r o j e c t . - 2 O P 4 . 0 4 ( N a t u r a l H a b i t a t s ) N o W i t h i n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n s c o p e s , n o t h i n g w i l l b e i n v o l v e d i n a n y t y p e o f n a t u r e r e s e r v e . H o w e v e r , t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f E r t a n g g o u R e s e r v o i r w i l l h a v e s o m e i m p a c t s o n t h e h a b i t a t a n d s u r v i v a l e n v i r o n m e n t o f t h e i n d i g e n o u s f i s h e s i n t h e w a t e r s y s t e m . - 3 O P 4 . 0 9 ( P e s t M a n a g e m e n t ) Y e s T h e p r o j e c t p a c k a g e o f w a t e r - s a v i n g i r r i g a t i o n w i l l c o v e r m o r e t h a n 1 6 0 , 0 0 0 m u o f i r r i g a t e d f a r m l a n d . T h e g r e e n h o u s e c o n s t r u c t i o n o n i t w i l l p r o b a b l y i n c r e a s e t h e q u a n t i t y o f p e s t i c i d e a p p l i c a t i o n . - 4 O P 4 . 1 0 ( I n d i g e n o u s P e o p l e s ) Y e s O f t h e i m p a c t e d p e o p l e , 7 0 % w i l l b e U y g u r a n d H u i e t h n i c m i n o r i t i e s . - 5 O P 4 . 1 1 ( P h y s i c a l C u l t u r a l R e s o u r c e s ) Y e s T h e r e a r e s o m e c u l t u r a l r e l i c s s u c h a s a n c i e n t t o m b s o f p r o t e c t i o n v a l u e i n t h e i n u n d a t i o n - i m p a c t e d a r e a s o f 2 r e s e r v o i r s . T h e p r o j e c t c o n s t r u c t i o n w i l l i n c l u d e K a r e z p r o t e c t i o n - - t h e p r o t e c t i o n o f c u l t u r a l h e r i t a g e . - 6 O P 4 . 1 2 ( I n v o l u n t a r y R e s e t t l e m e n t ) Y e s 8 0 p e o p l e i n 2 0 h o u s e h o l d s w i l l b e i m p a c t e d b y t h e p r o j e c t c o n s t r u c t i o n . - 7 O P 4 . 3 6 ( F o r e s t r y ) N o T h e p r o j e c t a r r a n g e m e n t w i l l n o t i m p a c t a n y i m p o r t a n t f o r e s t a r e a o r f o r e s t n a t u r a l h a b i t a t . - 8 O P 4 . 3 7 ( S a f e t y o f D a m s ) Y e s T h e p r o j e c t w i l l b u i l d 3 s e t s o f n e w r e s e r v o i r s , a n d t h e r e e x i s t 4 s e t s o f r e s e r v o i r s u p s t r e a m t h e w a t e r s y s t e m s . - 9 O P 7 . 5 0 ( P r o j e c t s o n I n t e r n a t i o n a l W a t e r w a y s ) N o N o p r o j e c t c o m p o n e n t h a s a n y t h i n g t o d o w i t h i n t e r n a t i o n a l w a t e r w a y . - 1 0 O P 7 . 6 0 P r o j e c t s o n d i s s e n t i e n t R e g i o n N o N o p r o j e c t c o m p o n e n t h a s a n y t h i n g t o d o w i t h d i s s e n t i e n t r e g i o n . Page 72 71 2.2 Environmental Administration Organization and its Responsibilities The Central People’s Government of China and the people’s governments of the provinces (municipalities directly under the central government or autonomous regions), municipalities (prefectures), and counties (districts) have established their environmental administration agencies in accordance with the law and discharge the corresponding environmental administration responsibilities. Environmental administration agencies related to this project are Environmental Protection Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Water Resource Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Environmental Protection Bureau of Turfan Prefecture, Water Bureau of Turfan Prefecture, environmental protection bureaus of the counties (city), water bureaus of the counties and (city), and so on. 1 Environmental Protection Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region The Environmental Protection Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is responsible for environmental protection administration and administrative law enforcement in the whole region. Its main responsibilities include: A. carrying out national environmental protection policies, guiding principles, laws, regulations, and administrative bylaws and standards, drafting regional level environmental protection regulations, administrative bylaws and supervising their implementation; B. being entrusted by the Regional People’s Government with environmental impact assessment of regional-level major economic and technical policies, development master plans, and major economic development plans; C. formulating the environmental protection master plan, organizing the development of environmental function zone and area system, basin pollution prevention and control master plans and ecological protection master plans, and supervising their implementation; D. participating in the formulation of environmental protection industry policies and development master plans; E. being responsible for protection of natural ecology and environment within its command area and environmental protection supervision and administration of construction projects; organizing the formulation of the plan for pollution source rectification within the prescribed time limits and the supervision of its implementation; F. formulating the regional-level plan for total load control of pollutants discharge, being responsible for registration of pollutants discharge applications and reports and administration of pollutants discharge permits and organizing the supervision and administration of pollutants discharge fee collection; G. being responsible for environmental supervision and administrative inspection and investigation for environmental protection; H. organizing region-wide activities for implementing international treaties on environmental protection; I. being responsible for international economic and technical cooperation and exchange activities concerning environmental protection; Page 73 72 J. being entrusted by the Regional People’s Government with handling of foreign related environmental protection affairs and so on. Under the Environmental Protection Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is established the Natural Ecology Division to be specially responsible for administration of environmental impact assessment of non-pollution ecological impact projects. 2Wate r Resource Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region The Water Resource Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is responsible for region-level water administration and administrative law enforcement. Its main responsibilities include: A. organizing the formulation of regional-level water, hydropower and water industry development strategies, mid- and long-term master plans for water development and mid- and long-term master plans for region-wide and inter-prefecture/city water supply and demand and the construction and production groups water supply and demand; B. being responsible for organizing the preparation of comprehensive basin master plans and special master plans; C. organizing the preparation of preliminary plans for proposed key water and hydropower projects and being responsible for organizing the review of proposals, feasibility study reports and preliminary designs of water construction projects within the region; D. being responsible for supervising and inspecting plans for capital water construction projects and their funding; E. organizing the review and submission for approval of plans for use of flood control and drought combating funds, water construction funds, and so on; F. making studies of and coming up with recommendations for adjustment of water prices, taxes, credits, and so on; G. being responsible for organizing and providing guidance on the protection of water resources and water environment, organizing the monitoring and analysis of water quantity and quality in water bodies and dynamic monitoring of groundwater and so on, organizing the division of water function zones and the control of pollutants discharge in drinking water zones and other zones, examining and verifying the assimilative capacity of water bodies and the set-up of discharge outlets, and setting forth recommendations for limits of total discharge load and supervising their implementation; H. being responsible for safety supervision and administration of reservoirs, hydropower stations and dams; I. formulating Xinjiang’s policies and regulations on soil and water conservation, preparing its soil and water conservation master plan and its annual implementation plans and organizing their implementation; J. organizing and providing guidance on region-level comprehensive improvement of soil and water conservation, being responsible for organizing the preparation and construction Page 74 73 administration of comprehensive soil and water conservation watersheds and areas improvement projects; K. organizing region-wide dynamic monitoring of soil and water losses and publicizing bulletins on a regular basis; L. organizing the preparation, review and approval, testing, and check and acceptance of soil and water conservation plans of construction projects; M. being responsible for law enforcement supervision of Soil and Water Conservation Law and other relevant regulations. Under the Water Resource Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is established the soil and water conservation division to be specially responsible for guiding and supervising region-wide soil and water conservation work. 3Environmental Protection Bureau of Turfan Prefecture Environmental Protection Bureau of Turfan Prefecture is responsible for environmental protection administration and administrative law enforcement in its prefecture. Its main responsibilities include: A. carrying out national environmental protection policies, guiding principles, laws, regulations, administrative bylaws and standards; B. drafting local environmental protection regulations and administrative bylaws and supervising their implementation; being entrusted by the prefecture administrative office with environmental impact assessment of major economic and technical policies, development master plans and major economic development plans of the prefecture; C. formulating environmental protection master plans, organizing the preparation of master plans for basin pollution prevention and control and master plans for basin ecological protection and supervising their implementation; D. being responsible for supervision and administration of natural ecological and environmental protection and environmental protection supervision and administration of construction projects within its command area; E. organizing the formulation of the plan for pollution source rectification within the prescribed time limits and the supervision of its implementation; F. formulating the local plan for total pollutants discharge load control, being responsible for registration of pollutants discharge applications and administration of pollutants discharge permits, and organizing the regulation of discharge fee collection; G. being responsible for environmental supervision and administrative inspection and investigation for environmental protection; being responsible for environmental protection related international economic and technical cooperation and exchange activities; H. being entrusted by the prefecture administrative office with handling of foreign related environmental protection affairs and so on. Page 75 74 Under the Environmental Protection Bureau of Turfan Prefecture is established the environmental impact assessment administration section (or pollution control section, supervision and administration section, nature and ecology section) to be specially responsible for administration of environmental impact assessment in the prefecture. Its main responsibilities include being responsible for the implementation of environmental impact assessment and the unified supervision and administration of the “three simultaneous” system within the prefecture; carrying out national and regional laws, regulations, bylaws and policies concerning environmental impact assessment and the “three simultaneous” system; formulating and carrying out local regulations, bylaws and policies concerning environmental impact assessment, “three simultaneous” system, and so on and supervising their implementation; providing guidance on and supervising the review and approval of environmental impact assessment of construction projects within the prefecture; being responsible for administrative permission of environmental impact assessment documents of construction projects within the limit of the prefecture environmental protection bureau’s authority; being responsible for providing guidance on administrative permission of environmental protection check and acceptance of trial production (operation) of construction projects and completed construction projects, and so on within the command area of the prefecture. 4 Water Bureau of Turfan Prefecture The Water Bureau of Turfan Prefecture is responsible for the prefecture’s water administration and administrative law enforcement. Its main responsibilities include A. organizing the formulation of prefecture-level water, hydropower and water industry development strategies, mid- and long-term master plans for water development and mid- and long-term master plans for region-wide and inter-prefecture/city water supply and demand and the construction and production groups water supply and demand; B. being responsible for organizing the preparation of comprehensive basin master plans and special master plans; C. being responsible for supervising and inspecting plans for capital water construction projects and their funding within the prefecture; D. organizing the review and submission for approval of plans for use of flood control and drought combating funds, water construction funds, and so on; E. being responsible for organizing and providing guidance on the protection of water resources and water environment, organizing the monitoring and analysis of water quantity and quality in water bodies and dynamic monitoring of groundwater and so on, organizing the division of water function zones and the control of pollutants discharge in drinking water zones and other zones, examining and verifying the assimilative capacity of water bodies and the set-up of discharge outlets, and setting forth recommendations for limits of total discharge load and supervising their implementation; E. being responsible for prefecture-wide safety supervision and administration of reservoirs, hydropower stations and dams; Page 76 75 F. organizing the implementation of soil and water conservation policies and regulations and the preparation of the soil and water conservation master plan and its annual implementation plans. Under the prefecture water bureau is established the water conservation section, which is mainly responsible for organizing the plan, review and submission of soil and water conservation projects in the prefecture and inspecting and supervising prefecture-wide soil and water conservation work. 5 environmental protection bureaus of the counties/city The environmental protection bureaus of the project counties/city are responsible for the environmental protection administration and administrative law enforcement of the counties/city. Their main responsibilities include A. carrying out national environmental protection policies, guiding principles, laws, regulations, administrative bylaws and standards; B. formulating environmental protection master plans of the counties/city and supervising their implementation; C. being responsible for supervision and administration of natural ecological and environmental protection within the command areas and environmental protection supervision and administration of construction projects; D. organizing the formulation of the plan for pollution source rectification within the prescribed time limits and the supervision of its implementation; E. formulating plans for total pollutants discharge control of the counties/city, being responsible for registration of pollutants discharge applications and administration of discharge permits within the limit of their authority and organizing regulation of discharge fee collection; F. being responsible for environmental supervision and administrative inspection and investigation for environmental protection, and so on. 6water bureaus of the counties/city The water bureaus of the project counties/city are responsible for water administration and administrative law enforcement water bureaus of the counties/city. Under the water bureaus of the counties/city are established water conservation organizations. Their main responsibilities include: A. formulating master plans of the counties/city for soil and water conservation and their annual implementation plans and organizing their implementation; B. organizing guidance on comprehensive improvement of soil and water conservation work of the counties/city; C. organizing county/city-wide dynamic monitoring of soil and water losses and publish bulletins on a regular basis; Page 77 76 D. organizing preparation and implementation of soil and water conservation plans of the counties/city for construction projects; E. providing guidance on urban soil and water conservation of the counties/city; F. monitoring soil and water losses: general survey of soil and water losses, reports on soil and water losses monitoring, providing soil and water loss bulletin data, investigations and analyses of comprehensive soil and water loss control measures and their impacts, and establishment and management of soil and water conservation information system; G. disseminating soil and water conservation information and training. For environmental administration framework in China (the part relevant to the project), see Figure 2.2-1. Fig. 2.2-1. Frame of Chinese Environmental Administration 7XUSDQ\03&LW\\03*RYHUQPHQW \03 7XUSDQ\033UHIHFWXUH\03%XUHDX\03RI\03 (QYLURQPHQWDO\033URWHFWLRQ\03\03 7XUSDQ\033UHIHFWXUH\03%XUHDX\03RI\03: DWHU 5 HVRXUFHV \03 ;LQMLDQJ\03'HSDUWPHQW\03RI\03 (QYLURQPHQWDO\033URWHFWLRQ\03 ;LQMLDQJ\03'HSDUWPHQW\03RI\03:DWHU\03 5HVRXUFHV 6KDQVKDQ\03&RXQW\\03 *RYHUQPHQW\03 7XRNH[XQ\03&RXQW\\03 *RYHUQPHQW\03 YDQW\03,QVWLWXWLRQV\03 U\037XUSDQ\03&LW\\03 UQPHQW 188.1 331.2 8.4 4.2 0 : \03 YDQW\03,QVWLWXWLRQV\03 U\036KDQVKDQ\03&RXQW\\03 UQPHQW 314.8 331.2 8.4 4.2 0 : \03 YDQW\03,QVWLWXWLRQV\03 U\037XRNH[XQ\03&RXQW\\03 UQPHQW 450.0 331.2 8.4 4.2 0 : \03 DQ\03&LW\\03%XUHDX\03RI\03:DWHU\03 XUFHV\03\0b3URMHFW\032IILFH\0c 219.8 283.4 8.4 4.2 0 : \03 VKDQ\03&RXQW\\03%XUHDX\03RI\03 U\03 5HVRXUFHV\03 \0b3URMHFW\03 FH\0c 270.4 272.1 8.4 4.2 0 : \03 H[XQ\03&RXQW\\03%XUHDX\03RI\03 U\03 5HVRXUFHV\03 \0b3URMHFW\03 FH\0c 405.6 270.0 8.4 4.2 0 : \03 Page 78 77 3 Project Description 3.1 Project Name and Its Compositions World Bank loan Turpan Water Conservancy Project is mainly composed of the subprojects shown in Table 3.1-1. Table 3.1-1 Basic Compositions of the Project Classification Turpan City (4) Shanshan County (3) Tuokexun County (3) Reservoir (3) Meiyaogou Reservoir Subproject Ertanggou Reservoir Subproject Alagou Reservoir Subproject Water Saving Irrigation (3) Turpan City Water Saving Irrigation Subproject Shanshan County Water Saving Irrigation Subproject Tuokexun County Water Saving Irrigation Subproject Canal Building (Rehabilitation) (3) Turpan City Taerlang Branch Canal Subproject Ertang Branch Canal Seepage Control Upgrading Subproject Alagou Main Diversion Canal Subproject Karez Protection (1) Wudaolin Karez Protection Subproject —— —— Source: Prefecture PMO, October 30, 2008. 3.2 Owners of Subprojects The owner of each subproject is presented in Table 3.2-1. Table 3.2-1 Owners of Subprojects City (County) No. Code Description Owner 1 TLF1 Meiyaogou Reservoir Subproject 2 TLF2 Turpan City Water Saving Irrigation Subproject 3 TLF3 Taerlang Branch Canal Subproject Turpan City (4) 4 TLF4 Wudaolin Karez Protection Subproject Turpan City Water Resources Bureau 5 SS1 Ertanggou Reservoir Subproject 6 SS2 Shanshan County Water Saving Irrigation Subproject Shanshan County (3) 7 SS3 Ertang Branch Canal Seepage Control Upgrading Subproject Shanshan County Water Resources Bureau 8 TKX1 Alagou Reservoir Subproject 9 TKX2 Tuokexun County Water Saving Irrigation Subproject Tuokexun County (3) 10 TKX3 Alagou Main Diversion Canal Subproject Tuokexun County Water Resources Bureau 3.3 Brief Introduction to Subprojects The project is composed of 10 subprojects distributed at one city and two counties under the jurisdiction of Turpan Prefecture. The specific proposed sites are shown in Table 3.3-1, Table 3.3-2, Table 3.3-3 and figures 3.3-1 to 3.1-4. Page 79 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 78 3 . 3 . 1 R e s e r v o i r S u b p r o j e c t s T a b l e 3 . 3 - 1 S u m m a r y o f R e s e r v o i r S u b p r o j e c t s D e s c r i p t i o n L o c a t i o n s M a i n S t r u c t u r e s P r o j e c t S c a l e R a n k o f P r o j e c t a n d G r a d e o f S t r u c t u r e s F l o o d C r i t e r i a M e i y a o g o u R e s e r v o i r Q i q u a n h u T o w n o f T u r p a n C i t y , m i d d l e r e a c h e s o f M e i y a o g o u R i v e r A d a m o f c o n c r e t e f a c e d g r a v e l t y p e , a s p i l l w a y , a d i v e r s i o n a n d f l o o d d i s c h a r g i n g t u n n e l , a n d a c u l v e r t f o r i n d u s t r i a l w a t e r s u p p l y a n d i r r i g a t i o n w a t e r r e l e a s e T o t a l r e s e r v o i r s t o r a g e 9 . 8 0 m i l l i o n m 3 a n d m a x . d a m h e i g h t 4 1 . 0 m S m a l l ( 1 ) p r o j e c t o f R a n k I V . M a i n s t r u c t u r e s ( d a m , f l o o d d i s c h a r g i n g t u n n e l a n d s p i l l w a y ) a r e o f G r a d e 3 , s e c o n d a r y s t r u c t u r e s o f G r a d e 4 , a n d t e m p o r a r y s t r u c t u r e s o f G r a d e 5 . D a m a n d o t h e r m a i n s t r u c t u r e s a r e d e s i g n e d f o r a 5 0 - y e a r f l o o d e v e n t a n d c h e c k e d f o r a 1 0 0 0 - y e a r f l o o d e v e n t , a n d t e m p o r a r y s t r u c t u r e s a r e d e s i g n e d f o r a 1 0 - y e a r f l o o d e v e n t . E r t a n g g o u R e s e r v o i r L i a n m u q i n T o w n o f S h a n s h a n C o u n t y , m i d d l e r e a c h e s o f E r t a n g g o u R i v e r A d a m o f a s p h a l t i c c o n c r e t e c o r e d a m , a s p i l l w a y , a t u n n e l f o r d i v e r s i o n , f l o o d d i s c h a r g i n g a n d s a n d f l u s h i n g , a n d a n i r r i g a t i o n w a t e r r e l e a s e t u n n e l T o t a l r e s e r v o i r s t o r a g e 2 5 . 0 0 m i l l i o n m 3 a n d m a x . d a m h e i g h t 6 6 m M e d i u m p r o j e c t o f R a n k I I I . M a i n s t r u c t u r e s ( d a m , f l o o d d i s c h a r g i n g t u n n e l a n d s p i l l w a y ) a r e o f G r a d e 3 , s e c o n d a r y s t r u c t u r e s o f G r a d e 4 , a n d t e m p o r a r y s t r u c t u r e s o f G r a d e 5 . D a m a n d o t h e r m a i n s t r u c t u r e s a r e d e s i g n e d f o r a 5 0 - y e a r f l o o d e v e n t a n d c h e c k e d f o r a 1 0 0 0 - y e a r f l o o d e v e n t , a n d t e m p o r a r y s t r u c t u r e s a r e d e s i g n e d f o r a 1 0 - y e a r f l o o d e v e n t . A l a g o u R e s e r v o i r B o s i t a n T o w n s h i p o f T u o k e x u n C o u n t y , m i d d l e r e a c h e s o f A l a g o u R i v e r A d a m o f a s p h a l t i c c o n c r e t e c o r e g r a v e l d a m , a s p i l l w a y , a f l o o d d i s c h a r g i n g a n d s a n d f l u s h i n g t u n n e l , a n d a n i r r i g a t i o n w a t e r r e l e a s e t u n n e l T o t a l r e s e r v o i r s t o r a g e 4 5 . 6 7 m i l l i o n m 3 a n d m a x . d a m h e i g h t 6 6 m M e d i u m p r o j e c t o f R a n k I I I . O f t h e m a i n s t r u c t u r e s , d a m i s o f G r a d e 2 a n d s a n d - f l u s h i n g f l o o d d i s c h a r g i n g t u n n e l , i r r i g a t i o n w a t e r r e l e a s e t u n n e l , a n d s p i l l w a y a r e o f G r a d e 3 , s e c o n d a r y s t r u c t u r e s a r e o f G r a d e 4 , a n d t e m p o r a r y s t r u c t u r e s o f G r a d e 5 . D a m a n d o t h e r m a i n s t r u c t u r e s a r e d e s i g n e d f o r a 1 0 0 - y e a r f l o o d e v e n t a n d c h e c k e d f o r a 2 0 0 0 - y e a r f l o o d e v e n t , a n d s p i l l w a y a n d e n e r g y - d i s s i p a t i o n a n d a n t i - s c o u r i n g s t r u c t u r e s a r e d e s i g n e d f o r a 3 0 - y e a r f l o o d e v e n t . N o t e : T h e g e o g r a p h i c l o c a t i o n s o f t h e r e s e r v o i r s u b p r o j e c t s a r e s h o w n i n F i g . 3 . 3 - 1 . Page 80 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 79 3.3.2 Water-saving irrigation subprojects World Bank loan Turpan Water Conservancy Project will actualize water-saving irrigation for 161,400 mu of land within two counties and one city and change the current conventional irrigation to drip irrigation or low-pressure irrigation. Table 3.3-2 Characteristics of Water-Saving Irrigation Subprojects Area of Land Using Water-Saving Irrigation (hm 2 ) Total City (County) Project Area Grape Cotton Green House Jujube Apricot Yaer Township 333.33 333.33 Aidinghu Township 333.34 Qiatekale Township 1000 Erbao Township 1004 Sanbao Township 1012.27 Turpan City Subtotal 333.33 333.34 3349.6 4016.27 Qiketai Town 210.7 270.0 Tuyugou Township 180.0 486.7 Lukexin Town 200.0 224.0 133.3 Dikaner Township 331.3 142.5 Lianmuqin Town 133.3 Dalangkan Township 306.8 264.9 Dongbaza Township 13.3 Pizhan Township 90.6 302.9 Towns 46.7 Shanshan County Subtotal 1513 1691 133.3 3338 Guolebuyi Township 689.34 201.6 136.07 XiaTownship 348 355.3 Yilahu Township 684.7 312 Bositan Township 681.6 Tuokexun County Subtotal 681.6 1037.34 1553.6 136.07 3408.7 Note: Because of the rounding operation, the total may not be consistent with the sum of the figures. The exact locations of each project area are shown in Fig. 3.3-2(Note: There is no Fig.3.3-2 in the Chinese version). Page 81 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 80 3.3.3 Canal subprojects Table 3.3-3 Characteristics of Canal Subprojects Description Geographic Location Nature Length Rank of Project and Grade of Structures Design Water Carrying Capacity Taerlang Branch Canal Subproject Yaer Township and Putao Township of Turpan City Newly built From Taerlang Main Canal to Renmin Canal, 22.82 km in total Small (1) project of Rank IV 2.0 Ertang Branch Canal Seepage Control Upgrading Subproject Lianmuqin Town of Shanshan County Seepage control upgrading Downstream of the fifth gate of Ertang Main Canal, 18.82km in total Small (1) project of Rank IV 4.0 Alagou Main Diversion Canal Subproject Bositan Township of Tuokexun County Newly built From Alagou Reservoir water release tunnel to Alagou Canal headwork, 6.5km long in total with a 4.8m-long flood control dyke Small (1) project of Rank IV 10 Note: The exact locations of each project area are shown in Fig. 3.3-2. 3.3.4 Karez Protection Subproject Wudaolin Karez is located at Shanghu Production Brigade, Yaer Township, Turpan City, with coordinates of N42º58.860 and E089º03.978 for the headwork and N42º58.807 and E089º04.708 for the end. Its exact location is shown in Fig. 3.3-4. It was excavated on A.D. 1300 and has a history over 700 years. Wudaolin Karez mainly consists the open canal, ponds, culvert and shaft wells, of which the ponds have a total storage capacity of 1000m 3 , the open canal is 0.118km long, the culvert has an excavation length of 2.695km and a linear length of 2.6km (0.15km for the catchment section and 2.45km for the water conveyance section), and the culvert section is distributed with 104 shaft wells. The long-term mean flow of Wudaolin Karez is 0.014m 3 /s, which is mainly to provide drinking water for the people and livestock in the area of lower reaches as well as irrigation water Wudaolin Karez Protection Subproject is to protect and reinforce the culvert, open canal, ponds and shaft wells, mainly including: reinforcement and lining of 1000m 3 of ponds, reinforcement and lining of 118m of open canal, emphasized reinforcement of 33 shaft wells and 0.79km of culvert, and normal reinforcement of 51 shaft wells and 1.905km of culvert, and selectively reinforcement of some shaft wells according to their relation to the main canal and the degree of damage. Page 82 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 8 1 3 . 4 O b j e c t i v e s o f E a c h S u b p r o j e c t T a b l e 3 . 4 - 1 T a s k s a n d O b j e c t i v e s o f E a c h S u b p r o j e c t C i t y ( C o u n t y ) N o . C o d e D e s c r i p t i o n T a s k s a n d O b j e c t i v e s o f E a c h S u b p r o j e c t 1 T L F 1 M e i y a o g o u R e s e r v o i r S u b p r o j e c t T o p r o v i d e w a t e r t o S h e n h o n g C h e m i c a l I n d u s t r y P a r k a n d M e i y a o g o u Z o n e I ( r e f e r r i n g t o F i g . 3 . 4 - 1 f o r i t s s p e c i f i c l o c a t i o n ) w i t h a n e x p e c t e d w a t e r s u p p l y c a p a c i t y o f 1 . 4 6 0 m i l l i o n m 3 t o S h e n h o n g C h e m i c a l I n d u s t r y P a r k i n 2 0 2 0 ; a n d t o i n c r e a s e t h e f l o o d c o n t r o l s t a n d a r d o f t h e l o w e r r e a c h e s f r o m a g a i n s t l e s s t h a n 3 - y e a r f l o o d t o a g a i n s t 2 0 - 5 0 - y e a r f l o o d t h r o u g h f l o o d c o n t r o l d i s p a t c h i n g o f M e i y a o g o u R e s e r v o i r s o a s t o i m p r o v e t h e o v e r a l l f l o o d - c o n t r o l c a p a c i t y o f t h e b a s i n a n d a l l e v i a t e f l o o d d i s a s t e r t o t h e l o w e r r e a c h e s . 2 T L F 2 T u r p a n C i t y W a t e r S a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n S u b p r o j e c t T o c h a n g e t h e b a c k w a r d i r r i g a t i o n t y p e a n d s h i f t t h e f a r m l a n d o f m e d i u m - t o - l o w y i e l d t o h i g h - y i e l d a n d s t a b l e - y i e l d f a r m l a n d s o a s t o i n c r e a s e t h e f a r m e r s ’ i n c o m e a n d f o s t e r t h e a g r i c u l t u r a l e c o n o m i c d e v e l o p m e n t o f T u r p a n C i t y ; a n d t o r a i s e t h e u t i l i z a t i o n r a t i o o f w a t e r r e s o u r c e s a n d r e d u c e o v e r u s e o f g r o u n d w a t e r s o a s t o g r a d u a l l y r e s u m e t h e g r o u n d w a t e r l e v e l o f t h e i r r i g a t i o n d i s t r i c t a n d p r o t e c t i o n t h e d o w n s t r e a m e c o l o g i c a l e n v i r o n m e n t o f t h e i r r i g a t i o n d i s t r i c t . 3 T L F 3 T a e r l a n g B r a n c h C a n a l S u b p r o j e c t T o e n s u r e t h e a g r i c u l t u r a l i r r i g a t i o n w a t e r f o r Z o n e I o f M e i y a o g o u i r r i g a t i o n d i s t r i c t , r e d u c e o v e r u s e o f g r o u n d w a t e r , a n d i m p r o v e t h e u t i l i z a t i o n r a t i o o f s u r f a c e w a t e r i n T u r p a n C i t y . T u r p a n C i t y ( 4 ) 4 T L F 4 W u d a o l i n K a r e z P r o t e c t i o n S u b p r o j e c t T o r e i n f o r c e , d r e d g e , c l e a n a n d m a k e l i n i n g f o r W u d a o l i n K a r e z s o a s t o a t t a i n t h e p r o t e c t i o n a n d r e i n f o r c i n g t a r g e t s o f p r e v e n t i n g f r o m c o l l a p s e , s e d i m e n t a t i o n , a n d s e e p a g e , w a t e r s o u r c e p r o t e c t i o n , w a t e r u t i l i z a t i o n r a t i o i n c r e a s e , a n d m a i n t e n a n c e r e d u c t i o n , i m p r o v e t h e p r e s e r v a t i o n a n d u s i n g s t a t u s o f t h e K a r e z , a n d s a v e a n d p r o t e c t t h i s a n c i e n t t a n g i b l e c u l t u r a l h e r i t a g e . 5 S S 1 E r t a n g g o u R e s e r v o i r S u b p r o j e c t T o p r o v i d e 5 8 . 5 9 2 1 m i l l i o n m 3 o f w a t e r ( i n c l u d i n g 7 . 9 5 8 4 m i l l i o n m 3 o f e c o l o g i c a l w a t e r ) t o v a r i o u s s e c t o r s o f S h a n s h a n C o u n t y a n n u a l l y , o f w h i c h 3 9 . 4 7 5 1 m i l l i o n m 3 t o t h e i r r i g a t i o n d i s t r i c t , 9 . 9 0 5 4 m i l l i o n m 3 t o D i k a n I n d u s t r i a l P a r k , 1 . 2 0 3 2 m i l l i o n m 3 t o p e t r o l e u m s e c t o r , 5 0 t h o u s a n d m 3 t o f i s h e r y s e c t o r ; a n d t o i n c r e a s e t h e f l o o d c o n t r o l s t a n d a r d o f t h e r e a c h e s d o w n s t r e a m t h e d a m s i t e f r o m a g a i n s t l e s s t h a n 5 - y e a r f l o o d t o a g a i n s t 2 0 - y e a r f l o o d . 6 S S 2 S h a n s h a n C o u n t y W a t e r S a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n S u b p r o j e c t T o u t i l i z e t h e e x i s t i n g w a t e r s o u r c e p u m p w e l l s , r e b u i l d 5 0 0 0 0 m u o f c o n v e n t i o n a l i r r i g a t e d f a r m l a n d i n t h e p r o j e c t a r e a i n t o u n d e r - m u l c h d r i p i r r i g a t e d l a n d f o r c o t t o n a n d d r i p i r r i g a t e d l a n d f o r g r a p e s ( 2 7 4 0 0 m u f o r c o t t o n a n d 2 2 7 0 0 m u f o r g r a p e s ) ; t o i m p r o v e t h e c r o p p i n g c o n d i t i o n s o f s o i l t h r o u g h p r o j e c t i m p l e m e n t a t i o n , s a v e w a t e r u s e f o r i r r i g a t i o n , i n c r e a s e g u a r a n t e e r a t i o o f i r r i g a t i o n w a t e r , p r o v i d e w a t e r g u a r a n t e e f o r t h e e c o l o g i c a l e n v i r o n m e n t i m p r o v e m e n t o f t h e p r o j e c t a r e a ; a n d t o g r a d u a l l y c h a n g e t h e i r r i g a t i o n m o d e o f t h e i r r i g a t i o n d i s t r i c t t h r o u g h r e h a b i l i t a t i o n o f t h e e x i s t i n g i r r i g a t i o n a r e a a n d i m p r o v e t h e p r o d u c t i o n a n d l i v i n g c o n d i t i o n s o f t h e l o c a l f a r m e r s . S h a n s h a n C o u n t y ( 3 ) 7 S S 3 E r t a n g B r a n c h C a n a l S e e p a g e C o n t r o l U p g r a d i n g S u b p r o j e c t T o e n s u r e s o m e a g r i c u l t u r a l i r r i g a t i o n w a t e r , i m p r o v e t h e u t i l i z a t i o n r a t i o o f s u r f a c e w a t e r , a n d r e d u c e o v e r u s e o f g r o u n d w a t e r . Page 83 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 8 2 8 T K X 1 A l a g o u R e s e r v o i r S u b p r o j e c t T o e n s u r e t h e a g r i c u l t u r a l i r r i g a t i o n w a t e r a n d e c o l o g i c a l w a t e r o f t h e b a s i n , r e a s o n a b l y d i s t r i b u t e t h e a m o u n t o f d i v e r t e d g r o u n d w a t e r , a n d r e d u c e u s e o f g r o u n d w a t e r ; t o r e d u c e u s e o f g r o u n d w a t e r f o r a g r i c u l t u r a l u s e , e n s u r e t h e g r o u n d w a t e r s u p p l y f o r i n d u s t r i a l u s e w i t h i n t h e b a s i n u n d e r t h e p r e m i s e o f n o o v e r u s e o f g r o u n d w a t e r , a n d i n c r e a s e w a t e r s u p p l y g u a r a n t e e r a t i o t o f a c i l i t a t e t h e i n d u s t r i a l d e v e l o p m e n t i n t h e b a s i n ; a n d t o i n c r e a s e t h e f l o o d c o n t r o l s t a n d a r d o f t h e b a s i n f r o m a g a i n s t 2 0 - y e a r f l o o d t o a g a i n s t 5 0 - y e a r f l o o d . 9 T K X 2 T u o k e x u n C o u n t y W a t e r S a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n S u b p r o j e c t T o c h a n g e t h e b a c k w a r d i r r i g a t i o n m o d e , s e t t l e t h e p r o b l e m o f i n c r e a s e d i n d u s t r i a l w a t e r d e m a n d a n d u r b a n d o m e s t i c w a t e r d e m a n d d u e t o e c o n o m i c d e v e l o p m e n t t h r o u g h w a t e r s a v i n g , a n d m i t i g a t e t h e u n f a v o r a b l e s t a t u s o f w a t e r r e s o u r c e s s h o r t a g e i n t h e w h o l e c o u n t y ; a n d i m p r o v e t h e m i d d l e - a n d - l o w - y i e l d f a r m l a n d t h r o u g h a d v a n c e d i r r i g a t i o n m o d e a n d i n c r e a s e t h e f a r m e r s ’ i n c o m e . T u o k e x u n C o u n t y ( 3 ) 1 0 T K X 3 A l a g o u M a i n D i v e r s i o n C a n a l S u b p r o j e c t T o i m p r o v e A l a g o u M a i n D i v e r s i o n C a n a l s y s t e m , d e c r e a s e c a n a l l e a k a g e , r a i s e t h e s u r f a c e w a t e r u t i l i z a t i o n r a t i o , a n d p r o v i d e s t a b l e w a t e r f o r t h e l o w e r r e a c h e s . A f t e r i t s c o m p l e t i o n , t h e p r o j e c t w i l l h a v e a c o n t r o l l e d i r r i g a t e d a r e a o f 1 2 2 , 0 0 0 m u a n d m a y i m p r o v e 5 9 , 7 0 0 m u o f m i d d l e - a n d - l o w - y i e l d f a r m l a n d a n d s a v e 1 9 . 0 6 1 9 m i l l i o n m 3 o f w a t e r a n n u a l l y . Page 84 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 83 3.5 Land Occupation for Project and Countermeasures 3.5.1 Land Occupation for Project Table 3.5-1 Summary of Lands to Be Occupied for Project Unit: hm 2 City (County) No. Description Area of Land Temporarily Occupied Area of Land Permanently Occupied Total Area of Land Occupied 1 Meiyaogou Reservoir Subproject 41.37 165.64 204.71 2 Turpan City Water Saving Irrigation Subproject 169.14 6.28 175.42 3 Taerlang Branch Canal Subproject 0.415 124.16 124.58 Turpan City (4) 4 Wudaolin Karez Protection Subproject 1.398 0.039 1.437 5 Shanshan County Ertanggou Reservoir Subproject 70.71 141.59 212.30 6 Shanshan County Water Saving Irrigation Subproject 508.57 0.53 509.1 Shanshan County (3) 7 Ertang Branch Canal Seepage Control Upgrading Subproject 16.99 40 56.99 8 Tuokexun County Alagou Reservoir Subproject 13.4 22.2 35.6 9 Tuokexun County Water Saving Irrigation Subproject 241.77 1.83 243.6 Tuokexun County (3) 10 Alagou Main Diversion Canal Subproject 2.18 37.37 39.55 3.5.2 Statistics of Tangible Impacts of Land Occupation and Countermeasures (1) Statistics of tangible impacts of land occupation Relocatees Status of relocatees: Only the construction of Ertanggou Reservoir subproject will cause relocatees totaling 97 persons of 20 households, and all of them are herdsmen of Uygur nationality from Qialekan Village, Shengjin Township, Turpan City. Resettlement pattern: Some land (North Latitude 43º7 51.5 and East Longitude 89º58 40.3 ) of Handunkanbakaner Village of Group 2 of Production Brigade No. 4, Lianmuqin Town, Shanshan County will be taken as the host area for the relocates (97 persons of 20 households). Each household will be allocated with 2 mu of land as homestead (including cattle and sheep pen), and each person be allocated with 2 mu of meadow. Cultural relics Status of cultural relics: According to the Cultural Relics Investigation Report and the Budget Estimate for Cultural Relics Protection prepared by Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology (referring to annexes 4 to 12 of this report), for this project, only Ertanggou reservoir area and Alagou reservoir area are distributed with cultural relics. Cultural relics involved in Ertanggou Reservoir Subproject are all located in the reservoir Page 85 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 84 area. Specifically there are 5 ancient graves (totaling 20 ancient tombs), 1 ancient residence site (totaling 300m 2 in area), and 1 cliff painting site. There are no cultural relic site under state-level, autonomous region-level, prefecture-level, or county-level protection. Cultural relics involved in Alagou Reservoir Subproject are all located in the reservoir area. Specifically there are 33 ancient graves (some have been stolen). There are no cultural relic site under state-level, autonomous region-level, prefecture-level, or county-level protection. Countermeasures: According to the Letter of Comments on Cultural Relic Protection of the Three Proposed Reservoirs submitted by Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology (referring to annexes 4 to 12 of this report), it ’s required to conduct rescue excavation for the cultural relics in the reservoir areas, and a budget of 300,000 yuan is estimated for cultural relic protection based on the relevant regulations, of which 180,000 yuan for archeological excavation of the graves and residence and relocation of cliff paining in the inundated area of Ertanggou Reservoir and 120,000 yuan for cultural relic protection in the inundated area of Alagou Reservoir. 3.6 Layout of Construction Roads for Each Subproject Table 3.6-1 Characteristics of Main On-Site Construction Roads for Reservoir Subprojects Subproject Road No. Length (m) Subgrade/ Pavement Width (m) Area (hm 2 ) Start-End Point Character Remarks 1# 2100 10m/7m 2.1 Dam – flood discharging and irrigation water release tunnel, spillway Rebuilt Permanent; macadam pavement in construction and changed to asphalt pavement after construction 2# 1600 10m/7m 1.6 Quarry - concrete batching plant – irrigation and flood discharging tunnel and spillway New Temporary; mud-glued macadam pavement 3# 800 10m/7m 0.8 Reservoir area, downstream side of dam – construction production and living quarter New Temporary; mud-glued macadam pavement 4# 500 10m/7m 0.5 Reservoir area - dumping area New Temporary; mud-glued macadam pavement Meiyaogou Reservoir Subproject Total 5000 — 5.0 — 1# 13000 12m/7m 15.6 Mountain pass - damsite Rebuilt 2# 800 10m/7m 0.8 Zigzag construction road to dam crest New 3# 800 10m/7m 0.8 Dam crest - diversion tunnel New 4# 600 10m/7m 0.6 Dam crest – gate shaft for water release tunnel New 5# 1300 10m/7m 1.3 Temporary living quarter - construction area New Permanent; macadam pavement in construction and changed to asphalt pavement after construction 6# 17400 10m/7m 17.4 Quarry road - construction area Rebuilt 7# 1500 10m/7m 1.5 Construction area - dumping area New Temporary; mud-glued macadam pavement Ertanggou Reservoir Subproject Total 35400 38.0 1# 3200 10m/7m 3.2 Access to dam crest (zigzag road on downstream side of dam) New Permanent; macadam pavement in construction and changed to asphalt pavement after construction Alagou Reservoir Subproject 2# 1200 10m/7 1.2 Left-bank construction area – foundation pit New Temporary; mud-glued macadam pavement Page 86 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 85 Total 8600 4.4 Water-saving irrigation subprojects: There are tractor roads by each strip in the project area, so no new road is necessary for the project construction. Table 3.6-2 Characteristics of Main On-Site Construction Roads for Canal Subprojects Subproject Road No. Length (m) Subgrade/ Pavement Width (m) Area (hm 2 ) Start-End Point Character Remarks Taerlang Branch Canal Subproject 1# 22820 10m/7m 22.82 New Permanent; macadam pavement in construction and changed to asphalt pavement after construction Ertang Branch Canal Seepage Control Upgrading Subproject 1# 12000 10m/7m 1.2 Ertanggou Branch Canal - construction area - quarry New Temporary; mud-glued macadam pavement Alagou Main Diversion Canal Subproject 1# 3500 7m/4m 2.45 Mountain pass – project area New Temporary; mud-glued macadam pavement Table 3.6-3 Characteristics of Main On-Site Construction Road for Karez Protection Subproject Subproject Road No. Length (m) Subgrade/ Pavement Width (m) Area (hm 2 ) Start-End Point Character Remarks Wudaolin Karez Protection Subproject 1# 1425 8m/6m 1.14 Construction area - quarry New Temporary; mud- glued macadam pavement 3.7 Layout of Dumping Areas and Quarries for for Each Subproject 3.7.1 Reservoir Subprojects (1) Meiyaogou Reservoir Subproject Three gravel quarries, C3, C4 and C5, are selected for Meiyaogou Reservoir Subproject. Quarry C3 is mainly to provide materials for concrete aggregate and dam shell, Quarry C4 is to provide materials for dam shell, and Quarry C5 is mainly as a standby quarry. One permanent dumping area is arranged. The basic conditions of the dumping area and quarries for the subproject are presented in Table 3.7-1, and their locations are shown in the General Layout for Construction of Meiyaogou Reservoir (Attached Fig. 2-1). Table 3.7-1 Statistics of Quarries and Dumping Area for Meiyaogou Reservoir Subproject Quarry/ Dumping Area Location General of Surroundings Relative Distance (km) Transport Mode Quarry Gravel quarry C3 Riverbed and Grade I terrace in reservoir basin Relatively flat in relief, gravel exposed and only a few undershrubs grown on the river course. The headwork of Renmin Canal can be used for diversion during the excavation. The quarry is within the damsite area and is easy for use. 0.5 To be transported by truck Page 87 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 86 Gravel quarry C4 Left damsite area Open in terrain, no vegetation on the ground surface. 1 Gravel quarry C5 Grade III terrace on right bank of Meiyaogou River A narrow and long area is survey for the quarry. There is a hennery (an abandoned workshop) on the north and a woodland on the south. 3.0 Dumping area Tableland 1.5km upstream of damsite on right bank Only a few common xeromorphic undershrubs but no rare wide animals and plants in the dumping area, free of impact of flood and gully. 1.5 Note: The relative distance refers to the distance from the quarry or dumping area to the construction site. (2) Ertanggou Reservoir Subproject Four gravel quarries, C1, C2, C3 and C5, and one block stone quarry C4 are selected for Ertanggou Reservoir Subproject. One temporary dumping area and one permanent dumping area are arranged. The basic conditions of the dumping areas and quarries for the subproject are presented in Table 3.7-2, and their locations are shown in the General Layout for Construction of Ertanggou Reservoir (Attached Fig. 2-2). Table 3.7-2 Statistics of Quarries and Dumping Areas for Ertanggou Reservoir Subproject Quarry/Dumping Area Basic Conditions General of Surroundings Relative Distance (km) Transport Mode C1-1 On the left-bank flood plain 0.2 - 1.0km upstream of the damsite, to be inundated after river closure 0.2 - 1.0 C1-2 On the left-bank river course 1.2 - 3.2km downstream of the damsite 1.2 - 3.2 C1 C1-3 On the right-bank river course 5.0 - 8.4km downstream of the damsite 5.0 - 8.4 C2 On the right-bank Grade II terrace 2.0 - 2.8km upstream of the damsite 2.0 - 2.8 C3 C3-2 On the left-bank Grade III terrace 1.5 - 2.0km upstream of the damsite 1.5 - 2.0 C5 On the left-bank river course 7.0 - 8.5km downstream of the damsite, quite flat and open, transport distance 7.0 - 8.5km 7.0 - 8.5 Quarry C4 C4-2 On the left-bank 7.0 - 8.5km downstream of the damsite, flat and open Low-coverage grassplot, brown pedocal, basic vegetation coverage less than 15%, no rare animals and plants found, and no nature reserve involved 4.5 - 4.8 Temporary dumping area On the left-bank Grade II terrace 0.6km downstream of the damsite 0.6 Dumping area Permanent dumping area On the left-bank Grade II terrace 2.5km downstream of the damsite Basic no vegetation on the ground surface 2.5 To be transported by truck (3) Alagou Reservoir Subproject Three gravel quarries (C1, C2 and C3), two borrow areas (T1 and T2), and one block stone quarry P1 are selected for Alagou Reservoir Subproject. One permanent dumping area is arranged. The basic conditions of the dumping area and quarries for the subproject are presented in Table 3.7-3, and their locations are shown in the General Layout for Construction of Alagou Reservoir (Attached Fig. 2-3). Table 3.7-3 Statistics of Quarries and Dumping Areas for Alagou Reservoir Subproject Page 88 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 87 Quarry/Dumping Area Basic Conditions General of Surroundings Relative Distance (km) Transport Mode Gravel quarry C1 On the river course within the damsite area, in the range 4km upstream and downstream of the lower damsite 4 Gravel quarry C2 On Grade I and II terrace on the right bank of the lower damsite Open in terrain, no vegetation on the ground surface 1.5 Gravel quarry C3 On Gobi and high floodplain on the north of the Alagou River, east of Yuergou Town, and south of Section 111km - 106km of Provincial Highway No. 301 Relatively flat in relief, gravel exposed and only a few undershrubs grown on the river course 111 - 106 Borrow area T1 A clay borrow area on Yilahu Basin, being of wasteland and a little dry land. Quite flat in relief, good for excavation, accessible by highway. Transport distance up to 40km. 40 Borrow area T2 On left-bank mountain foot in the area of Fengshou Power Plant and the upper damsite Open in terrain, no vegetation on the ground surface 6 Quarry Block stone quarry P1 A quarry upstream of the damsite No vegetation on the ground surface 2.5 Dumping area In the valley under the railway on the right bank No vegetation on the ground surface 3 To be transported by truck 3.7.2 Water-Saving Irrigation Subprojects The amount of gravel required for water-saving irrigation works is very small, so the concrete and other building materials will be purchased by the contractor himself, and quarry is not arranged for water-saving irrigation subprojects. One temporary dumping area and two permanent ones are arranged for the construction of Turpan City Water Saving Irrigation Subproject, no dumping area for Shanshan County Water Saving Irrigation Subproject, and one temporary dumping area and one permanent for Tuokexun County Water Saving Irrigation Subproject. The layout of dumping areas and quarries is shown in Table 3.7-4 and attached figures 2-4 to 2-6. Table 3.7-4 Layout, Surroundings and Analyses of Dumping Areas and Quarries for Water- Saving Irrigation Subprojects Description Quarry Location of Dumping Area Relative Distance (km) Transport Mode Temporary dumping area is within 2.5m away from each excavation face with a dumping height around 1.5m. 1 - 2.5 1# permanent dumping area is on Gobi close to Yaer Township project area, with the spoil being dumped in the existing depression at a height around 2.0m. 1.5 Turpan City Water Saving Irrigation Subproject 2# permanent dumping area is on Gobi close to the desilting tank of Aidinghu Township project area, with the spoil being dumped in the existing depression at a height around 2.0m. 2 Shanshan County Water Saving Irrigation Subproject The spoil from excavation will be used for backfill and the rest be leveled and compacted around the excavation point. The excavation and filling are balanced basically, so no dumping area is arranged. — Tuokexun County Water Saving Irrigation Subproject The small amount of gravel, concrete and other building materials required will be purchased by the contractor himself, so no quarry is necessary for water-saving irrigation subprojects. The temporary dumping area is within the pipeline work area and distributed along the pipeline like a ribbon, and the permanent dumping area is at the natural depression on the north of Alagou Irrigation District. 2.5 To be transported by truck Page 89 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 88 3.7.3 Canal Subprojects A commercial quarry and a permanent dumping area are arranged for the construction of Taerlang Branch Canal Subproject, a commercial quarry and a pebble quarry but no permanent dumping area for Ertang Branch Canal Seepage Control Upgrading Subproject, and an concrete aggregate quarry and a dumping area for Alagou Main Diversion Canal Subproject, for which the pebble required can be collected nearby. The layout of dumping areas and quarries is shown in Table 3.7-5 and attached figures 2-7 to 2-7. Table 3.7-5 Layout, Surroundings and Analyses of Dumping Areas and Quarries for Canal Subprojects Description Location of Quarry Relative Distance (km) Transport Mode Location of Dumping Area Relative Distance (km) Transport Mode Taerlang Branch Canal Subproject The commercial gravel quarry is on the north of Turpan City, west of Putaogou Reservoir and 0.5km north of National Highway No. 312 0.5 The permanent dumping area is on the right along the canal within 5.0m away. 3 - 5 The aggregate quarry is a commercial one at Lianmuqin Town aggregate plant, 2.5km south to Wuzha. 4 - 5 Ertang Branch Canal Seepage Control Upgrading Subproject The pebble quarry is on the Ertanggou river course, within 3.0km away from the railway. 3 - 5 No permanent dumping area — The temporary dumping area is within 2.5m away from each canal excavation face. 2 - 2.5 Alagou Main Diversion Canal Subproject The pebble required can be collected nearby from the riverbed along the canal; The concrete aggregate quarry is on the river course 1.0km downstream from the mountain pass of Alagou River. 6 - 7 To be transported by truck The permanent dumping area is on the left side of the flood control dyke and distributed along the dyke like a ribbon. 3 - To be transported by truck 3.7.4 Karez Protection Subproject No quarry is arranged for the construction of Wudaolin Karez Protection Subproject. The spoil from construction will be dumped around the shaft wells and be protected correspondingly after the construction, so no dumping area is designed too. The layout of dumping area and quarry is shown in Attached Fig. 2-10. 3.8 Construction Method 3.8.1 Reservoir Subprojects Page 90 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 89 (1) Earth-rock excavation Earth-rock excavation will be conducted with excavator combined with manual excavation, with the spoil being transported to the dumping area with dump truck. (2) Filling of water-retaining structures The materials will be taken with excavator, transported to the area to be filled with dump truck, spread with bulldozer, and compacted with vibratory roller or manually. (3) Concrete placement The concrete aggregate from the aggregate processing plant and the ready-mixed concrete from the batching plant will be transported to the construction area with concrete mixer truck, unloaded to concrete bucket, lifted by tower crane to the placement area, vibrated mechanically, and watered and cured by manpower. The concrete lining and excavation of the tunnel will be carried out in order. The concrete will be carried into the tunnel with concrete mixer truck, unloaded to concrete bucket, formed with jumbo, pumped to the placement area or transferred to the placement area through belt conveyor, vibrated mechanically, and watered and cured by manpower. Concrete for stilling basin base plate and apron will be delivered to the placement area via chute, and that for stilling basin side wall will be delivered to the placement area with crawler crane, then the concrete will be vibrated mechanically and watered and cured by manpower. (4) Support Shotcrete will be sprayed with concrete sprayer. For the anchor rods, hand pneumatic drill will be used for hole drilling and automatic mortar injector for mortar injection. (5) Tunneling The construction of all reservoir subprojects involves tunneling. The flood-discharging and irrigation water release tunnel, one of the main structures of Meiyaogou Reservoir, is a single-orifice cast-in-situ reinforced concrete culvert below the west auxiliary dam at chainage 0+150. The culvert will be of pressure type with a circular cross-section of 3.0m in diameter and a design flow of 100.0m 3 /s. The main structures involving tunneling for Ertanggou Reservoir are the diversion, flood-discharging and sediment-flushing tunnel and the irrigation water release tunnel. The former is located on the right bank and have a total length of 357m, a longitudinal gradient i=1.9%, and a maximum outflow of 150.00m 3 /s; and the latter is inverted U-shaped and arranged on the left bank and have a total length of 355m, a longitudinal gradient of 1.7%, a orifice size of 2.5×3.0m, and a design flow of 6.0m 3 /s. The main structures involving tunneling for Alagou Reservoir are the diversion, flood- discharging and sediment-flushing tunnel and the irrigation water release tunnel. The flood-discharging and sediment-flushing tunnel, combined with the construction Page 91 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 90 diversion tunnel, is inverted U-shaped and located on the right bank and have a total length of 703.6m, an orifice size of 4.5×5.5m (W×H), and a longitudinal gradient of 1.5%. The irrigation water release tunnel is inverted U-shaped and arranged on the left bank and have a longitudinal gradient of 1%, an orifice size of 2.5×3.0m. Its pilot channel, inlet section, and the tunnel body will be 10m, 13.4m, and 220m long, respectively. The main construction methods used in tunneling are blasting, earth-rock excavation, concrete placement, shotcreting, consolidation grouting, backfill grouting, and so on. 3.8.2 Water-Saving Irrigation Subprojects (1) Trench excavation The trench opening is about 1m in flat area normally. It will be widened properly in the area with complex topographic conditions or deep excavation according to the geological conditions. To facilitate the operation, normally the trench depth is below the maximum frost depth, so the mean design excavation depth of the trench will be determined based on the maximum frost depth of the project area. There should be quite wide working space at the position of valve in the valve shaft. (2) Trench bottom leveling The bottom of the trench should be leveled and cleared from debris, nub and other hard matters prior to pipe laying. The trench excavated in subsidence earth should be soaked with water. Its bottom should be leveled after full settlement, and then the irrigation facilities will be laid. (3) Earth backfill As for earth backfill, first wet broken earth will be used to backfill both sides of the pipe and be compacted solidly, and then the all-round backfill will be conducted. 3.8.3 Canal Building (Rehabilitation) Subprojects (1) Earth-rock excavation Earth-rock excavation will be conducted with excavator combined with manual excavation, and the surplus earth piled on both sides of the canal will be leveled with bulldozer. (2) Pebble collection Pebble will be collected manually, loaded mechanically and manually, and transported with dump truck to the areas along the canal. (3) Earth backfill Backfill will use the materials from excavation as far as possible. The backfill materials will be compacted with small vibratory roller, and the slope will be leveled manually. (4) Gobi material cushion backfill Page 92 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 91 The gobi materials will be transported to the construction site with dump truck, paved into a cushion layer with manpower, leveled and compacted together with manual watering. Its flatness should meet the requirements on concrete placement. (5) Masonry construction Pebbles will be selected manually, cleaned at the site, put well, filled with fine-aggregate concrete, vibrated with small spud vibrator, and then be pointed for joints. (6) Concrete construction The concrete required for the project will be mixed with batching plant, transported to the construction site with dump truck, delivered with manpower to the placement area via chute, vibrated solidly with vibrating board, and be finished manually. The flatness of concrete plate surface should be within ±1 cm. When concrete placement is finished, the concrete will be covered with pervious material after 12 hours and be watered and cured by specially designated personnel until the concrete strength reaches 70% of design strength. 3.8.4 Karez Protection Subproject 3.8.4.1 Analysis of conformity of project construction manner with the Karez Protection Regulations of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region On September 29, 2006, the 26th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Tenth People’s Congress of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region adopted the Karez Protection Regulations of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, prescribing: Article 2: Protection and Utilization of Karezes within the administrative boundary of the region shall abide by the regulations. The Karezes listed as key units of cultural relics protection shall be protected, utilized and managed in line with the relevant laws on cultural relics protection. Currently there is only one Karez in Turpan Prefecture is listed as key units of cultural relics protection, namely, Qiong Karez in Turpan City. The Karez involved in the project construction is not of cultural relic level. Article 19: Heavy motor vehicles shall be restricted to pass through the roads that are within 30m from the culvert of Karez and parallel to Karez. According to the construction planning of the project, the layout of the construction roads in the construction area meets the requirement aforesaid, and the boundary of construction area and vehicle transport route are strictly specified. Article 20: To protect the special scene of Karez, it ’s prohibited to damage the earthfill pertaining to the shaft well of Karez. No quarry is arranged for the construction of this subproject, and the spoil from construction will be piled around shaft well and then be protected correspondingly after construction. The spoil will be piled rationally during the construction period for the purpose of resuming the scene of Karez prior to project implementation. Page 93 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 92 Article 21: It ’s forbidden to pour wastewater, sewage, garbage and other wastes to the water source, open canal, water storage of Karez. The protection scheme of a Karez shall be subject to the approval of its owner. The owner of Karez may entrust the water administrative authorities of the area where the Karez is located to review the protection scheme and superintend its implementation Detailed and practical environmental protection measures have been included in the Environmental Impacts Report for the project. As long as the construction production wastewater, domestic sewage, production spoil and domestic garbage are treated strictly following the environmental protection measures, discharge of the above pollutants to the well and pollution to Karez well water can be avoid. Article 28: Establishment of water user associations shall be encouraged to realize democratic management of Karez water use. To establish water user associations is an important part of Turpan Water Conservancy Project. 3.8.4.2 Construction mode of Karez protection subproject Pond bottom seepage control: The bottom will be spread and rammed with a layer consisting of 30% of lime and 70% of earth after dredging, and the top of the layer and the wall of the pond will be laid with flagstone. Earth reinforcement of open canal and closure gap section: The slopes on both sides of the open canal from pond to closure gap and the loosened and collapsed earth section above the closure gap will be reinforced with mortar flagstone. Emphasized culvert reinforcement . Shaft well Reinforcement and protection of well month: including using steel pipe piles, reinforcing the earth around well mouth through pouring mortar, supporting the side wall of well month with brickwork, and providing well cover. Support of side walls on the bottom of well: reinforcing the joint of shaft well bottom to culvert with fiberglass anchor bolts, and filling the anchor holes with anchor agent to form an anchorage body together with the anchor bolts. . Culvert Dredging: clearing away the silty soil and humus soil on the top; Bottom laying: collecting pebbles and gravel to lay the bottom after dredging; Caulking: caulking the arch springs of culvert side walls with mortar flagstone; Anchorage: anchoring the top and side walls of culvert with fiberglass anchor bolt, and installing steel strips to connect the transversal anchor bolts; Page 94 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 93 Masonry: protecting the node sections joining the culvert and shaft well through masonry with blue bricks and red bricks, which are similar to the well wall in color. Normal culvert reinforcement Shaft well: supporting the side wall of well month with brickwork, and providing well cover. Culvert Dredging: clearing away the silty soil and humus soil on the top; Bottom laying: collecting pebbles and gravel to lay the bottom after dredging; Caulking: caulking the arch springs of culvert side walls with mortar flagstone; Anchorage: anchoring the top and side walls of culvert with fiberglass anchor bolt. 3.9 Establishment of Integrated Basin Management System and Relevant Institutions The establishment of integrated basin management system and relevant institutions covers: to set up a new integrated water resources and environmental management system (ET- based), adopt a remote sensing-backed integrated basin management approach for the three river water systems independent of each other, and conduct evapotranspiration management and water right allocation management so as to increase the economic value of water resources, slow down the degradation of ecological environment, solve the problem of rapid drop of groundwater table ultimately, and contain the deterioration tendency of ecological environment. 3.9.1 Integrated ET-Based Water Resources and Basin Environmental Management 3.9.1.1 Project activities To develop approaches of integrated basin management for the three river water systems independent of each other. Water resources management covers groundwater management, surface water management, county- and township-level water management, irrigation district-level water management, WUA water management and superintendence of water saving effect. 3.9.1.2 Project tasks (1) Basic data investigation covers ET monitoring and crop yield monitoring of the base years from 2006 to 2008, 1:100,000 land use data and crop pattern chart of 2009, and collection of basic data such as irrigation district, meteorological, hydrological, agricultural, water resources and social economic data. (2) ET-based water right allocation system, based on ET of base year estimated through remote sensing, allocates ET quotas on the basis of balanced water consumption and supply and derives various water right allocation alternatives to attain the targets of maintaining the existing status and putting ecology, fairness and economy first. Page 95 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 94 (3) ET-based sustainable water management system, backed by remote sensing monitoring of ET technology, performs effective water volume allocation and management and agricultural water saving effect management through establishing an evaluation index system to evaluate the rationality of water resources allocation and superintend water saving effect, and offers water management information to water management authorities of various levels so as to improve the integrated water use management level of the prefecture, counties, townships and WUAs and realize sustainable utilization and management of water resources. (4) Action plan to attain ET target. On the basis of ET-based water right allocation scheme and under the control of target ET, improve the crop water use efficiency and reduce non-beneficial evapotranspiration and ET value through studying the engineering, non- engineering and management measures of efficient agricultural water use technical system, so as to attain the target of real water saving. The important output of the plan is the appropriate specific measures and water resources and water environment management action plan for each county based on its water resources characteristics and water use conditions. 3.9.1.3 Approaches Conduct water balance study by means of continuous analysis (water consumption analysis); soil moisture ET management by ET-based satellite remote sensing technology. Efficient water use and ET are the key factors for water balance in the basin. Set up a water circulation model based on the actual ET standard derived from remote sensing technology and other data (the remote sensing data are accurate and practical); work out the permissible target ET by allocation model through making the variation of groundwater table approach zero and the water discharge meet the demand of natural environment; and allocate ET to each township and WUA and determine the relation between water quota and effective ET target value. For the purpose of sustainable utilization of water resources of Turpan Prefecture, after obtaining the ET values for various types of land and crop, establish a water right allocation index set based on remote sensing ET and biomass data from ETWatch and supplemented with water resources, economic and population data, and, through assuming different development circumstances, analyze water right allocation scheme under various circumstances considering the priority indexes such as respecting the current status and putting ecology, fairness and economy first so as to provide a basis for water right allocation of Turpan Prefecture. 3.9.1.4 Relation to other subprojects The implementation of the project can provide rich information and data support for other projects. Through the construction of reservoirs and dams, the changes in irrigated area and irrigation guarantee ratio before and after the dam construction can be analyzed based on water consumption monitoring results. Through the construction of canal seepage control works, water-saving irrigation works and Karez protection works, the water-saving effect can be evaluated according to the ET monitoring results so as to propose recommendations on irrigation measures and analyze the change of and impact on ecological environment. 3.9.2 Institutional Capacity Building Page 96 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 95 It consists of water users ’ association (WUA), monitoring and evaluation institution, management information system (MIS), etc. 3.9.2.1 WUA (1) Brief introduction to WUA Vigorously developing WUA is an important part of Turpan Water Conservancy Project. The WUA is the farmers’ own organization aiming at operating and maintaining the local irrigation distribution system on behalf of the farmers. The WUA has ownership of or responsibility for operation and maintenance of its irrigation water distribution facilities. The development of WUA entirely conforms to the requirements of reform and opening up and establishment of a new socialist market economy system and the direction of water resources system reform of our country, and it is the only way that water resources management becomes market oriented and steps into a virtuous circle. (2) Objective and task of WUA development The overall objective of developing WUAs under the project is to establish WUAs that have independent legal entity position, have complete regulations and systems and the capacity of democratic self-discipline and self-management, are independent financially, serve the water users, follow the unified dispatching of water resources management authorities, take water by law, use water according to plan, allocate the water resources rationally, employ the approach of “supplying water to, measuring the water volume at, set up account for, and collect water charges from each household”, and are greatly supported by the extensive water users. Meanwhile, implement ET-based agricultural irrigation management gradually throughout the prefecture and let WUAs participate the whole management process. Adopt new approaches of integrated water resources and environmental management and water saving irrigation aiming at reduction of non-beneficial evapotranspiration, improve basic infrastructure, and promote sustainable water resources development and utilization and sound social and economic development of Turpan Prefecture. (3) WUA principles on organization and operation The WUA is the farmers’ own organization; The WUA jurisdiction is based upon the hydraulic boundaries of the water distribution system from a common source; Water supplied to the WUA is volumetrically measured, and water charges are based on the volume of measured water; The WUA collects water charges from its members and pays water charges directly to the water supplier; The WUA has an adequate and reliable water supply and distribution system. 3.9.2.2 Monitoring and evaluation institution (1) Work scope of monitoring and evaluation institution Project progress monitoring and evaluation: Page 97 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 96 A. Investment progress monitoring; B. Project image progress monitoring; C. Capital progress monitoring. Monitoring and evaluation of social, economic and ecological benefits of the project: A. Investigation of typical villages and farmer households and site visit to the project area; B. Investigation on crop pattern, area, yield per mu, gross yield, and others; C. Investigation on economic development status of the project area; D. Investigation on social development status of the project area; E. Investigation on environmental and ecological status of the project area; F. Overall evaluation on the economic, social, environmental and ecological benefits of the project based on the investigation data. (2) Work approach PMOs of various levels will be responsible for the project progress monitoring and evaluation; Qualified units will be selected and entrusted for the monitoring and evaluation of social, economic and ecological benefits of the project as per the World Bank requirements; For the project progress monitoring and evaluation conducted by Turpan Prefecture PMO and county- and city-level PMOs, the semiyearly project progress monitoring report will be submitted to the World Bank through the Management Information System for Turpan World Bank Loan Project in every January and July; For the monitoring and evaluation entrusted to relevant departments and units, the report of the previous year will be submitted to the World Bank prior to every June; Project monitoring will be subject to aperiodic site inspection and evaluation every year. 3.9.2.3 MIS (1) Introduction to MIS The project management information system is a man-machine system that aims at improving the management efficiency and offering scientific management service for the project, it collects, transmits, processes, stores, renews and maintains the data utilizing computer hardware, software, network communication equipment and other office equipment with man as the leading factor. The project will develop a management information system to base the project investment plan, project progress monitoring, contract management, withdrawal and reimbursement, ET management and other functions on the Page 98 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 97 same set of basic data, reduce repeated input of data, greatly ensure the accuracy and unity of the data of each functional module, and significantly improve the work efficiency of the project management personnel. (2) Major application targets of MIS Preparation of project cost estimate and annual plan; Project progress monitoring; Application for withdrawal and reimbursement. 3.10 Project Implementation Schedule and Investment The construction period of the project is scheduled as five years, starting in 2010 and ending in 2014 as estimated. Due to the strong desire of the project area to implement the project ahead of schedule and the investment policy of the World Bank, it's planned to use World Bank loan in a form of retroactive loan in the early half of 2010. The project investment is shown in Table 3.10-1, and the yearly project investment plan is presented in Table 3.10-2. Page 99 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 9 8 S u m m a r y o f I n v e s t m e n t s b y S u b - p r o j e c t a n d b y P r o j e c t A r e a T a b l e 3 . 9 - 1 C o s t I t e m s R M B 1 0 3 y u a n U S D 1 0 3 D o l l a r s C o u n t e r p a r t F u n d L o a n T o t a l R a t i o o f L o a n % R a t i o o f T o t a l B a s e C o s t % C o u n t e r p a r t F u n d L o a n T o t a l R a t i o o f L o a n % R a t i o o f T o t a l B a s e C o s t % I . P r o j e c t C o n s t r u c i t o n I n v e s t m e n t s 169.7 217.2 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 169.7 269.4 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 169.7 319.8 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 169.7 370.3 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 169.7 421.8 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 169.7 480.6 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 169.7 528.3 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 169.7 570.4 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 169.7 621.1 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 169.7 672.7 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 A . R e s e r v o i r a n d C a n a l s ( S h a n s h a n & T u o k e x u n c o u n t i e s ) 5 5 4 5 9 9 . 9 2 1 3 8 6 4 9 . 9 8 6 9 3 2 4 9 . 9 0 2 0 . 0 0 5 9 . 0 0 8 2 7 7 6 . 1 1 2 0 6 9 4 . 0 3 1 0 3 4 7 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 0 0 5 9 . 0 0 B . R e s e r v o i r a n d C a n a l ( T u r p a n C i t y ) / b 1 3 2 5 1 1 . 0 4 3 3 1 2 7 . 7 6 1 6 5 6 3 8 . 8 0 2 0 . 0 0 1 4 . 0 0 1 9 7 7 7 . 7 7 4 9 4 4 . 4 4 2 4 7 2 2 . 2 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 4 . 0 0 C . F i e l d I r r i g a t i o n 4 4 7 6 6 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 4 4 7 6 6 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 4 . 0 0 6 6 8 1 . 6 3 0 . 0 0 6 6 8 1 . 6 3 0 . 0 0 4 . 0 0 D . G o o d s / E q u p m e n t 8 9 3 7 0 . 6 5 8 9 3 7 0 . 6 5 1 7 8 7 4 1 . 3 0 5 0 . 0 0 1 5 . 0 0 1 3 3 3 8 . 9 0 1 3 3 3 8 . 9 0 2 6 6 7 7 . 8 1 5 0 . 0 0 1 5 . 0 0 E . T r a i n i n g a n d C o n s u l t i n g S e r v i c e 1 4 3 9 1 . 2 0 4 4 9 7 . 8 0 1 8 8 8 9 . 0 0 2 4 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 1 4 7 . 9 4 6 7 1 . 3 1 2 8 1 9 . 2 5 2 4 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 F . W U A D e v e l o p m e n t F u n d / c 9 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 4 4 . 7 8 0 . 0 0 1 4 4 . 7 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 G . N o n - B a n k F i n a n c e d / d 7 6 5 2 3 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 7 6 5 2 3 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 6 . 0 0 1 1 4 2 1 . 4 6 0 . 0 0 1 1 4 2 1 . 4 6 0 . 0 0 6 . 0 0 T o t a l C o n s t r u c t i o n I n v e s t m e n t 9 1 3 1 3 3 . 5 1 2 6 5 6 4 6 . 1 9 1 1 7 8 7 7 9 . 7 0 2 3 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 3 6 2 8 8 . 5 8 3 9 6 4 8 . 6 9 1 7 5 9 3 7 . 2 7 2 3 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 I I . O p e r a t i o n a l C o s t s 321.1 217.2 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 321.1 269.4 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 321.1 319.8 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 321.1 370.3 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 321.1 421.8 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 321.1 480.6 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 321.1 528.3 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 321.1 570.4 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 321.1 621.1 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 321.1 672.7 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 A . O & M / O f f i c e E q u i p m e n t a n d D e v i c e s 1 8 3 7 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 1 8 3 7 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 2 7 4 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 2 7 4 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 T o t a l O p e r a t i o n a l C o s t 1 8 3 7 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 1 8 3 7 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 2 7 4 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 2 7 4 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 T o t a l B a s e C o s t 9 1 4 9 7 1 . 0 1 2 6 5 6 4 6 . 1 9 1 1 8 0 6 1 7 . 2 0 2 3 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 3 6 5 6 2 . 8 4 3 9 6 4 8 . 6 9 1 7 6 2 1 1 . 5 2 2 3 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 P h y s i c a l C o n t i n g e n c i e s 6 8 7 1 1 . 1 0 1 7 1 7 7 . 7 7 8 5 8 8 8 . 8 7 2 0 . 0 0 7 . 0 0 1 0 2 5 5 . 3 9 2 5 6 3 . 8 5 1 2 8 1 9 . 2 3 2 0 . 0 0 7 . 0 0 P r i c e C o n t i n g e n c i e s 1 1 2 5 2 . 1 9 - 3 4 3 2 . 4 9 7 8 1 9 . 6 9 - 4 4 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 8 0 9 6 . 4 0 1 2 4 8 . 5 6 9 3 4 4 . 9 6 1 3 . 0 0 5 . 0 0 T o t a l P r o j e c t C o s t 9 9 4 9 3 4 . 2 9 2 7 9 3 9 1 . 4 7 1 2 7 4 3 2 5 . 7 6 2 2 . 0 0 1 0 8 . 0 0 1 5 4 9 1 4 . 6 3 4 3 4 6 1 . 0 9 1 9 8 3 7 5 . 7 2 2 2 . 0 0 1 1 3 . 0 0 I n t e r e s t d u r i n g I m p l e m e n a t i o n 0 . 0 0 5 0 0 3 0 . 0 5 5 0 0 3 0 . 0 5 1 0 0 . 0 0 4 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 7 6 7 1 . 7 7 7 6 7 1 . 7 7 1 0 0 . 0 0 4 . 0 0 F r o n t E n d F e e s 0 . 0 0 1 6 1 1 . 2 1 1 6 1 1 . 2 1 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 2 5 0 . 1 4 2 5 0 . 1 4 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 G r a n d T o t a l P r o j e c t I n v e s t m e n t 9 9 4 9 3 4 . 2 9 3 3 1 0 3 2 . 7 4 1 3 2 5 9 6 7 . 0 3 2 5 . 0 0 1 1 2 . 0 0 1 5 4 9 1 4 . 6 3 5 1 3 8 3 . 0 0 2 0 6 2 9 7 . 6 3 2 5 . 0 0 1 1 7 . 0 0 Page 100 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 9 9 P l a n o f P r o j e c t I n v e s t m e n t b y Y e a r T a b l e 3 . 9 - 2 u n i t 1 0 3 y u a n B a s e C o s t ( R M B ’ 0 0 0 ) B a s e C o s t ( U S $ ’ 0 0 0 ) C o s t I t e m s 2 0 0 9 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 154.2 469.5 8.5 0.0 90 : 154.2 477.9 8.5 0.0 90 : 2 0 0 9 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 154.2 706.0 8.5 0.0 90 : 154.2 714.6 8.5 0.0 90 : 1 . I n t e g r a t e d W a t e r E n v i r o n m e n t M a n a g e m e n t 2 7 9 3 . 6 0 3 1 4 2 . 6 0 1 0 4 8 . 6 0 9 9 8 . 6 0 9 9 8 . 6 0 8 9 8 2 . 0 0 4 1 6 . 9 6 4 6 9 . 0 4 1 5 6 . 5 1 1 4 9 . 0 4 1 4 9 . 0 4 1 3 4 0 . 6 0 2 . R e s e r v o i r C o n s t r u c t i o n 1 8 7 3 5 5 . 7 0 2 5 6 5 3 8 . 2 0 2 0 9 7 4 0 . 4 0 2 0 4 9 8 1 . 0 0 3 9 4 7 5 . 4 0 8 9 8 0 9 0 . 7 0 2 7 9 6 3 . 5 4 3 8 2 8 9 . 2 8 3 1 3 0 4 . 5 4 3 0 5 9 4 . 1 8 5 8 9 1 . 8 5 1 3 4 0 4 3 . 3 9 3 . A g r i c u l t u r a l W a t e r - s a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n 1 4 3 1 3 8 . 9 0 1 1 3 3 8 2 . 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 2 5 6 5 2 1 . 6 0 2 1 3 6 4 . 0 1 1 6 9 2 2 . 7 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 3 8 2 8 6 . 8 1 4 . K a r e z P r e s e r v a t i o n 3 4 1 9 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 3 4 1 9 . 4 0 5 1 0 . 3 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 5 1 0 . 3 6 5 . I n s t i t u t i o n a l C a p a c i t y B u i l d i n g a n d P r o j e c t M a n a g e m e n t 5 8 8 6 . 0 0 2 0 6 1 . 0 0 2 1 7 6 . 0 0 2 0 5 1 . 0 0 1 4 2 9 . 5 0 1 3 6 0 3 . 5 0 8 7 8 . 5 1 3 0 7 . 6 1 3 2 4 . 7 8 3 0 6 . 1 2 2 1 3 . 3 6 2 0 3 0 . 3 7 T o t a l o f B a s e C o s t s 3 4 2 5 9 3 . 6 0 3 7 5 1 2 4 . 5 0 2 1 2 9 6 5 . 0 0 2 0 8 0 3 0 . 6 0 4 1 9 0 3 . 5 0 1 1 8 0 6 1 7 . 2 0 5 1 1 3 3 . 3 7 5 5 9 8 8 . 7 3 3 1 7 8 5 . 8 2 3 1 0 4 9 . 3 4 6 2 5 4 . 2 5 1 7 6 2 1 1 . 5 2 P h y s i c a l C o n t i n g e n c y 1 9 6 9 9 . 1 7 2 6 1 8 7 . 2 2 1 8 1 7 5 . 5 0 2 0 4 9 8 . 1 0 1 3 2 8 . 8 8 8 5 8 8 8 . 8 7 2 9 4 0 . 1 7 3 9 0 8 . 5 4 2 7 1 2 . 7 6 3 0 5 9 . 4 2 1 9 8 . 3 4 1 2 8 1 9 . 2 3 P r i c e C o n t i n g e n c y 285.8 265.1 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 285.8 308.0 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 285.8 351.0 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 285.8 393.9 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 285.8 435.0 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 285.8 477.8 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 285.8 520.9 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 285.8 560.0 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 285.8 599.1 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 285.8 638.1 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 285.8 675.3 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 285.8 714.4 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 I n f l a t i o n 302.3 265.1 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 302.3 308.0 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 302.3 351.0 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 302.3 393.9 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 302.3 435.0 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 302.3 477.8 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 302.3 520.9 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 302.3 560.0 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 302.3 599.1 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 302.3 638.1 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 302.3 675.3 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 302.3 714.4 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 C o u n t e r p a r t F u n d 1 4 4 8 . 0 6 3 6 0 3 . 8 8 2 6 5 4 . 0 7 3 2 1 4 . 1 4 6 4 5 . 6 5 1 1 5 6 5 . 8 1 2 1 6 . 1 3 5 3 7 . 8 9 3 9 6 . 1 3 4 7 9 . 7 2 9 6 . 3 7 1 7 2 6 . 2 4 L o a n 9 7 8 . 2 2 2 8 5 6 . 2 4 1 9 0 8 . 8 2 1 9 7 2 . 2 1 6 4 9 . 8 5 8 3 6 5 . 3 3 1 4 6 . 0 0 4 2 6 . 3 0 2 8 4 . 9 0 2 9 4 . 3 6 9 6 . 9 9 1 2 4 8 . 5 6 S u b - t o t a l o f I n f l a t i o n 2 4 2 6 . 2 8 6 4 6 0 . 1 2 4 5 6 2 . 8 9 5 1 8 6 . 3 5 1 2 9 5 . 5 0 1 9 9 3 1 . 1 4 3 6 2 . 1 3 9 6 4 . 2 0 6 8 1 . 0 3 7 7 4 . 0 8 1 9 3 . 3 6 2 9 7 4 . 8 0 D e f l a t i o n 0 . 0 0 - 3 0 3 8 . 6 7 - 3 1 9 2 . 4 0 - 4 2 8 1 . 3 5 - 1 5 9 9 . 0 2 - 1 2 1 1 1 . 4 5 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 5 . 1 7 1 7 2 6 . 9 0 2 7 2 9 . 2 4 5 0 8 . 8 6 6 3 7 0 . 1 6 S u b - t o t a l o f P r i c e C o n t i n g e n c i e s 2 4 2 6 . 2 8 3 4 2 1 . 4 5 1 3 7 0 . 4 9 9 0 5 . 0 0 - 3 0 3 . 5 2 7 8 1 9 . 6 9 3 6 2 . 1 3 2 3 6 9 . 3 7 2 4 0 7 . 9 2 3 5 0 3 . 3 2 7 0 2 . 2 2 9 3 4 4 . 9 6 T o t a l C o s t o f t h e P r o j e c t 3 6 4 7 1 9 . 0 5 4 0 4 7 3 3 . 1 7 2 3 2 5 1 0 . 9 9 2 2 9 4 3 3 . 7 0 4 2 9 2 8 . 8 6 1 2 7 4 3 2 5 . 7 6 5 4 4 3 5 . 6 8 6 2 2 6 6 . 6 4 3 6 9 0 6 . 5 1 3 7 6 1 2 . 0 8 7 1 5 4 . 8 1 1 9 8 3 7 5 . 7 2 T a x e s 6 7 5 3 . 7 2 7 2 4 4 . 9 0 1 9 2 3 . 6 7 0 . 0 0 1 9 8 3 . 5 8 1 7 9 0 5 . 8 6 1 0 0 8 . 0 2 1 1 1 4 . 6 0 3 0 5 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 3 3 0 . 6 0 2 7 5 8 . 5 6 L o a n 7 9 2 3 5 . 6 6 9 4 7 5 3 . 5 5 4 9 2 3 0 . 1 2 4 3 5 2 7 . 1 0 1 2 6 4 5 . 0 5 2 7 9 3 9 1 . 4 7 1 1 8 2 6 . 2 2 1 4 5 7 7 . 4 7 7 8 1 4 . 3 0 7 1 3 5 . 5 9 2 1 0 7 . 5 1 4 3 4 6 1 . 0 9 \03 Page 101 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 100 4. Environmental General Information at the Project Area 4.1. Environmental General Information in Turpan Prefecture 4.1.1. General Information of Natural Environment Turpan Prefecture is located at the central-eastern part of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (hereafter as Xinjiang). It neighbors Hami Prefecture to the east, Ruoqiang and Weili counties to the south, Heshuo and Hejing counties to the west, and Ulumuqi City as well as Jimusaer, Qitai and Mulei counties to the north. Turpan Prefecture is 300 km from east to west and 240 km from south to north with a total territory of 69,713 km 2 . It amounts for 4.2% of Xinjiang’s total territory. The geographic location is longitude 87°16 -91°55 E and latitude 41°12 -43°40 N. 4.1.1.1. Topography and Landscape In accordance with the landscape regionalization, Xinjiang is composed of the mountainous areas at the southern slope of Mt. Tianshan, Turpan Prefecture, Kumishi Basin, Jueluotage Tundra and the mountainous areas at the north of Kuluketage. Turpan Prefecture is located in a closed intermountain basin at the east of Mt. Tianshan. On the basis of landscape features, Turpan Prefecture is composed of high mountain zone, hilly zone, Gobi zone and alluvial plain zone. 4.1.1.2. Regional Geology The exposed strata in Turpan Prefecture are mainly the strata of the Upper Paleozoic Era, the Mesozoic Era and the Cenozoic Era. The strata of the Upper Paleozoic Era is made mainly of (i) tuffaceous siltstone, tuffaceous breccia and dacite in the Qijiagou Group of the Middle Carboniferous Series (C 2 q); (ii) tuffaceous siltstone, muddy siltstone, fine-grained sandstone, siliceous limestone and dacite in the Shirenzigou Group of the Upper Carboniferous Series (C 3 s); (iii) tuffaceous siltstone, sandstone and siltstone in the Aqikebulake Group of the Lower Permian Series (P 1 aq); and (iv) sandstone, glutinite and siltstone in Taodonggou Group of the Upper Permian Series. The strata of the Mesozoic Era is made mainly of (i) off- white and gray-green sandstones, sandy mudstone, mudstone and black carbonaceous shale (coal-bearing strata) in the Xishuigou Group of the Lower and Middle Jurassic Series (J 1- 2 sh); and (ii) reddish brown and sallow glutinite, sandstone and sandy mudstone in Shanshan Group of the Tertiary Series (K 2- Esh). The strata of the Cenozoic Era is made mainly of (i) luridness and reddish brown siltstone, glutinite, sandstone and mudstone in the Taoshuyuan Group of the Tertiary Series (E 3 -N 1 )t and the deposits of ice accumulation, diluvia, alluvial and drift bed in the Middle Pleistocene ~ The Holocene of the Quaternary Period. In accordance with Seismic Intensity Zoning Maps of China (1/4,000,000; 1990) of the State Seismological Bureau, the seismic intensity of Turpan Prefecture is basically magnitude 7. This indicates that the regional structure of Turpan Prefecture is relatively stable. 4.1.1.3. Meteorology Turpan Prefecture is located at Eurasian hinterland. Due to the peculiar geographical location in lowland, it gets hot quick, it gets cool slow, and it is difficult for cool-humid air to enter. As a result, an extreme dry climate of inland desert is formed. The local climate is Page 102 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 101 featured with dryness, high temperature, frequent winds, limited precipitation, intensive evaporation and long frost-free period. In Turpan Prefecture, the climatic parameters declines from west (Tuokexun County) to east (Shanshan County), the parameters such as precipitation, wind frequency and intensity, evaporation, temperature, sunshine hours, frost-free period and accumulative annual temperature. The long and hot summer is low in humidity; the autumn cools quickly; the short winter is dry cold; and the temperature springs up quickly in spring. There is a remarkable difference in heat resources between the southern part and northern part of the Flaming Mountains (Huoyanshan). The southern part is features with high temperature, long sunshine hours and frost-free period, frequent winds in spring and serious desertification, while the northern part is features with lower temperature, shorter frost-free period and less desertification. 4.1.1.4. Land Resources The land resource in Turpan Prefecture totals to 6971.34×10 3 ha, including 888.07×10 3 ha land in use (12.78%) and 6083.27×10 3 ha of not-yet-used land (87.22%). Of the land in use, farmland amounts to 45.23×10 3 ha (0.65%), fruit plantations cover 16.99×10 3 ha (0.24%), forest land covers 35.90×10 3 ha (0.51%), grassland amounts to 729.69×10 3 ha (10.47%), lands of houses and industries cover 30.90×10 3 ha (0.44%), land for transportation totals to 9.16×10 3 ha (0.13%), and land of water surface is 20.20×10 3 ha (0.29%). The forest land is composed of 15.73×10 3 ha of artificial forests (43.83%) and 20.16×10 3 ha of natural forests (56.17%). The not-yet-used land is composed of waste grassland, saline and alkali lands, swamps, sandland, barren ground, rock and gravel ground, ridges and so on. Of the total resource of not-yet-used land, 176.32×10 3 ha have potential to be used, while 5906.95×10 3 ha have no use potential. 4.1.1.5. Water Resources 1Regional water system There are 14 rivers in Turpan Prefecture, and the water system is illustrated in Map 4.1-1. The water system in Turpan Prefecture is composed of 3 parts: The runoff area at the west part of Tuokexun County is built mainly of the Alagou water system (originating from mountains with elevation above 4000 m) and Baiyang River water system (originating from Bogda of Mt. Tianshan). The Alagou water system includes Alagou, Yuergou, Zulumutugou and Wusitonggou, while Baiyang River water system include Baiyang River and Keerjiangou. The runoff area at the northern part of Turpan originates from Bogda of Mt. Tianshan. It is composed of Daheyan, Taerlang, Meiyaogou, Heigou and Qialekangou rivers. The runoff area at the northern part of Shanshan County originates from the eastern section of Bogda of Mt. Tianshan. It is composed of Etanggou, Kekeya and Kanerqi rivers. Page 103 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 1 0 2 M a p 4 . 1 - 1 R i v e r S y s t e m s i n T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e \03 T u r p a n C i t y T u o k e x u n C o u n t y S h a n s h a n C o u n t y T T a a e e r r l l a a n n d d R R i i v v e e r r M M e e i i y y a a o o g g o o u u R R i i v v e e r r E E r r t t a a n n g g R R i i v v e e r r A l a g o u R i v e r Page 104 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 103 2Features of Rivers and Runoffs The rivers and runoffs in Turpan Prefecture are featured with: The water system is half closed, and the inland rivers will not flow out of Turpan Prefecture. After the water flows out of the maintains, it infiltrates to recharge the ground water. Except the fact that a small proportion of the Baiyang River water flows into the Aidinghu Lake in the form of surface runoff, most of the rivers dry up half-way in evaporation and disappear in Turpan Basin. M ost of the rivers are short in flow distance and small in runoff. There are only 4 rivers with annual runoff above 100 million cubic meters. They are Baiyang River, Alagou River, Daheyan River and Kekeya River. The runoff variation is small between years and large within a year. In all the rivers, the runoff in a rich year would not double that in a normal year, while the runoff in a dry year would only half that in a normal year. The annual variation is relatively stable. However, there are remarkable changes in seasonal flows in a year. The runoff in flooding seasons can amount for 60~70% of the annual total while that runoff in dry seasons only amounts for 3~10% of the annual total. The rich seasons are from June to August, while the dry seasons are from February to April. 3Quantity of Water Resources Turpan Basin is surrounded by high mountains. Located at the middle of this inter- mountain basin, Aiding Lake has its surface 154 m below the elevation of sea level. The water resources originate from the mountains around, while the limited precipitation at the plains is almost meaningless for surface runoff or ground water recharge. The water resources in Turpan Prefecture are made of surface water and natural-recharged ground water. Surface Water in Turpan Basin The river runoff can be calculated by adding the surface water to the balance of outflow and inflow. The runoff of the important rivers in Turpan Prefecture is illustrated in Table 4.1-1. Page 105 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 104 Fig. 4.1-2 Runoff of the Water Systems in Turpan Basin Table 4.1-1. Water Resources and Runoff in Turpan (unit: 10 8 m 3 /a) Drainage Basin Area (km 2 ) Resources Inflow Outflow River Runoff Basin of Tuokexun 2 Rivers 9688 0.6663 3.2704 0.0786 3.8581 Basin of Turpan-Shanshan 7 Rivers 12838 4.873 0.2366 5.1096 Basin of Kanerqi River 8035 0.5454 0.5454 Kumutage Desert 36178 0.0529 0.0529 Total 66739 6.137 3.507 0.0786 9.5654 As can be observed from the above table, the surface water in Turpan Prefecture is not evenly distributed. Basin of Turpan-Shanshan 7 Rivers covers around 13,000 sq. km (only around 19% of total). However, the surface water amounts to 490 million cubic meters annually (around 79% of the total). On the contrast, Kumutage Desert and the hilly areas cover around 36,000 sq. km, but the surface water only amounts for 0.9% of the total. Since a river basin does not completely overlap the administrative territory, the data of surface water outflow and inflow among the administrative areas are presented. The total inflow of Baiyang River and Alagou River amounts for 75% in Turpan Prefecture. Around 93% of the surface inflow is concentrated at the western part of Basin of Tuokexun Page 106 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 105 2 Rivers, while there is no inflow at the eastern part. The water right of the inflow belongs to the administrative area where the water quantity is formed. That’s why there is a smaller runoff in Baiyang River in the rich water period in summer when lots of water is required for agriculture, and there is a bigger runoff in the dry water period in winter. Around 80% of the water resource is formed at Basin of Turpan-Shanshan 7 Rivers, in spite of the fact that the river runoff per unit area in Basin of Tuokexun 2 Rivers is higher than that in Basin of Turpan-Shanshan 7 Rivers. In addition to the inflow, precipitation contributes 610 million cubic meters to the surface water resources, and thus the river runoff in Turpan Prefecture amounts to around 960 million cubic meters. Since the seasonal rivers at Kumutage Desert and other areas only have flood discharge in the rich water period, this resource is deducted from the amount of utilizable water resources. The utilizable river runoff amounts to 874 million cubic meters, and the current use of water resources is about 640 million cubic meters (74%). Table 4.1-2 River Water Resources River Area of Catchments Water Quantity (100 mln m 3 ) Baiyang 2,423 1.36 Keerjiangou 646 0.21 Yuergou 628 0.45 Alagou 2503 1.26 Zulumutugou 257 0.05 Wusitonggou 617 0.14 Basin of Tuokexun 2 Rivers Subtotal 7074 3.47 Kekeya 707 1.12 Etanggou 501 0.82 Qialekan 100 0.09 Heihe 185 0.33 Meiyaogou 481 0.81 Taerlang 443 0.77 Daheyan 724 1.04 Basin of Turpan-Shanshan 7 Rivers Subtotal 3141 4.98 Basin of Kanerqi River Kanerqi 548 0.29 Total 10763 8.74 Groundwater Recharge at Turpan Basin The annual precipitation at the plains of Turpan Basin is less than 30 mm. Such a limited quantity implies that the precipitation at the plains is basically meaningless for the direct recharge to the groundwater. Therefore, it is recognized that the groundwater at Turpan Basin is recharged by the precipitation over the catchments around. Namely, the groundwater at Turpan Basin is recharged by the surface water from the mountains and the groundwater resources in the mountains. By means of water cycle model, Dr. Wu Bingfang (Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences) calculated the water balance on all the 14 Page 107 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 106 permanent rivers in Turpan so as to observe the plane distribution of groundwater recharge. The actual recharge in the irrigation period amounted to around 1/5 of the maximum amount possible, while that in none irrigation period only amounted to 50~90% of the maximum amount possible. This is because there is no water consumption by crops in none irrigation period in addition to the smaller evaporation in winter. In accordance with the above model, the actual recharge has 2 peaks in a year – respectively in summer and winter. From 1994 to 2003, the annual actual recharge varied from 666 million cubic meters (1994) to 568 million cubic meters (2003). The 10 year’s average was 620 million cubic meters. By means of the macro three-dimensional model set up and proven successful in this project, the groundwater recharge in favor of the surface inflow to Turpan Basin and the bedrock groundwater direct inflow was calculated. It was observed that both the surface water and groundwater inflowing to the Basin mainly originated from Mt. Tianshan at the northern and western sides of the Basin. There was almost no bedrock groundwater direct inflow at the southern side. From 1994 to 2003, the bedrock groundwater direct recharge varied from 27 million cubic meters to 54 million cubic meters, annually. The 10 year’s average was 41 million cubic meters. Total Quantity of Water Resources in Turpan Basin When the water resources in Kumutage Desert are not considered, the surface water in Turpan Basin amounts to 874 million cubic meters. It is recharged mainly by the melting snow and rainfall at the mountainous areas at the north and the west. The bedrock groundwater recharge amounts to 41 million cubic meters. It originates mainly from Mt. Tianshan at the north and the west. The water resources totals to 915 million cubic meters. The annual precipitation at the plains is less than 30 mm, amounting to 286.59 million cubic meters without any runoff. Therefore, the water resources in Turpan Basin totals to 1201.59 million cubic meters, when precipitation is also considered. 4Water Consumption in Turpan Basin The water consumption in Turpan Basin totals to 1447.51 million cubic meters by agriculture, ecological environment, industrial development and domestic use. The water balance in Turpan Basin is illustrated in Table 4.1-3. When the total of water resources (i.e. 1201.59 million cubic meters including precipitation) is deducted by the total consumption (i.e. 1447.51 million cubic meters), the deficit is 253.78 million cubic meters. Groundwater in Turpan City and Shanshan County is over-exploited, and the situation is Shanshan County is worse. Table 4.1-3 Water Balance in Turpan Basin Unit Turpan Basin Turpan City Shanshan County Tuokexun County Project area km 2 19166.63 6139.75 6721.19 6301.50 Water resource 12.0159 4.4299 3.4142 4.2510 surface water (I) 8.7400 3.0400 2.2300 3.4700 groundwater natural recharge (I) 100 mln cubic meter 0.4100 0.2000 0.1000 0.1100 Page 108 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 107 precipitation 2.8659 1.1899 1.0842 0.6710 outflow(O) 0.0786 \02 \02 0.0786 Actual water consumption 14.4751 5.5955 4.9152 3.5127 By agriculture (ETagr) 7.9720 3.0961 2.6646 2.2113 By ecological environment (ETeco) 6.0318 2.4921 2.2437 1.2955 By domestic and livestock 0.0202 0.0073 0.0070 0.0060 By industries and urban (WCurb) 0.3511 \02 \02 \02 By tertiary industry 0.1000 \02 \02 \02 Evaporation at reservoir surface (ETeco) \02 \02 \02 \02 Groundwater balance -2.5378 -1.1656 -1.5010 0.6597 4.1.1.6. Terrestrial Ecology 1Soils and Vegetation The natural environment of Turpan Prefecture is featured with extreme dryness. By elevation, the ecological system of Turpan Prefecture can be classified into mountain eco- system and plain eco-system. The mountain eco-system can be further categorized as: High Mountain Zone (2800~3600 m): This zone is featured with low temperature and rich precipitation. The vegetation is normally 5~30 cm in height with coverage of 80~95%. The major species include Artemisia, Leontopodium, Carex, Polygonum viviparum, Pedicularis, Potentilla chinensis, Lycoris radiate, Rumex acetosa, Papaver nudicarule and so on. The soil type is alpine meadow soil. Thanks to the soil and water conditions, grasses grow nice to make this zone a good summer pasture. Middle Mountain Zone (2300~2800 m) There are more than 30 species of plants i n this zone. The vegetation is made mainly of moderate and xeric grasses, carex and Artemisia with some xeric shrubs at partial places. The vegetation is 15~90 cm in height with coverage 70~85%. The major soils are loamy black soil, sub-alpine meadow soil and castanozem. Low Mountain Zone (1700~2300 m): There is artificial vegetation at the oases. The limited amount of natural secondary forest is scattered in valleys or on shady/semi-shady slopes. The vegetation is made mainly of xeric grasses such as Ceratoides lateens, Asterodedron, Ephedra praewalski, Sympegma regelii, wooden Ajania and so on. There is also a remarkable proportion of super-xeric and xeric shrubs and semi-shrubs. The grass vegetation is 25~60 cm high with coverage of 15~40%. The major soils are light chestnut soil and brown soil. The thin layer of soils is loose in texture, and the problem of water-soil loss is serious. The mountain eco-system can be further categorized as: Zone of Irrigated Oasis : The zone of irrigated oasis is distributed mainly at the bottom bed of the Basin. With the development of modern agriculture, a stable eco-system of Page 109 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 108 irrigated oasis has been formed in arid area. This zone of economic development is the main place of human activities. Zone of Aiding Lake 2Terr estrial Animals The resources of wild animals in Turpan Basin are featured by many species of desert birds and animals but few species of forest-dwelling birds. The major wild animals at Turpan Basin include snow leopard, wild camels, ibex goats, argali sheep, goitred gazelle, Cervus elaphus, Tarim rabbit, wild hare, wolf, fox, marmots, hedgehog, wild goats, Spermophilus dauricus and so on. The major birds include golden eagle, imperial eagle, great bustards, Ikaruga, crow, rock pigeon, wild pigeon, wild duck, pied magpie, cuckoos, sparrow, swallow and so on. Reptiles mainly include lizards and water snakes. Amphibians are mainly frogs and hoptoads. 4.1.1.7. Aquatic Ecology Contracted by Turpan Prefecture Aquiculture Extension Center, Xinjiang Aquiculture Institute made an aquatic eco-environment survey in all the water bodies in Turpan Prefecture in August 2008. In accordance with Planning Report of Fishery Development in Turpan Prefecture, the aquatic bio-community in Turpan Prefecture is made mainly of phytoplankton, zooplankton and fishes. Basically no zoobenthos was observed in the survey. The survey results are as follows: 1Phytoplankton Resources in Rivers Considering the different eco-environments in specified water bodies, 8 sites were arranged to sample planktons. According to the survey, there are 111 species of phytoplankton in Turpan Prefecture. They are: Category No. of Species % Dominant Species Common Community cyanophyta 32 28.8% Merismopedia sp, M. tenuissima, M. glauca Hammatoidea sinensis, RapHidiopsis curvata, P. tenus chlorophyta 34 30.6% bacillariophyta 31 27.9% Synedra pyrrophyta 5 4.5% Ceratium tripos cryptophyta 3 2.7% euglenophyta 5 4.5% chrysophyta 1 0.9% The distribution of phytoplankton is different among water bodies in Turpan Prefecture. The ponds of Aidinghu Township hosted the most number of species in the survey -- 64 species of phytoplankton. The next is Putaogou River (44 species), Hongshan Reservoir (41 species) and Kanerqi Reservoir (13 species). 2Zo oplankton Resources in Rivers Page 110 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 109 There are 49 species of zooplankton in Turpan Prefecture. They are: Category No. of Species % Dominant Species Common Species protozoan 22 44.9% Colpoda sp., Strombidium uiride, Askenasia volvox wheelworm 19 38.8% Pilyarthra trigla, Hexarthra mira K. valga, Asplanchna priodonta, A. girodi Cladocera 3 6.1% copepoda 5 10.2% Neutrodiaptomus neongyuens, Nauplii The amount of the aquatic zooplankton in Turpan Prefecture is 0~107008.2 ind/L. The ponds of Aidinghu Township hosted the largest amount in the survey. The next is Putaogou Reservoir (12332.4 ind/L) and Yaernaizi Reservoir (10132.5 ind/L). No zooplankton was observed in Kanerjingkengtang and Etangqu. The bio-mass of the aquatic zooplankton in Turpan Prefecture is 0.205~26.249 mg/L. Yaernaizi Reservoir hosted the largest bio-mass in the survey (26.249 mg/L). The next is the ponds of Aidinghu Township (9.146 mg/L). No zooplankton was observed in Kanerjingkengtang and Etangqu. Copepoda was the major bio-mass in 8 water bodies. 3Fish Distribution According to the relevant records, the river fish in Turpan Prefecture include Triplophysa microps, Triplophysa stolioczkae, Pseudorasbora parva, Abbottina rivularis, Phoxinus grumi and so on. In this survey, no fish was observed in the water bodies with the exception that some Cobitidae fishes were observed in Etanggou Catchments Basin. This survey covered fish investigation in 5 constructed reservoirs (Putaogou Reservoir and Yaernaizi Reservoir in Turpan City, Kekeya Reservoir and Kanerqi Reservoir in Shanshan County, Hongshan Reservoir in Tuokexun County). Except artificial aquiculture, no indigenous fish was observed in the surveyed reservoirs. Impact of Existing Hydraulic Structures on Fish Resources All the 14 rivers in Turpan Prefecture are seasonal rivers. Due to serious problems of water shortage, varieties of diversion structures have been constructed on river mainstreams since 1950s for the development of irrigated agriculture. With the overall social progress, water demands for production and livelihood keep increasing. To satisfy the increasing water demands, varieties of diversion structures are approaching closer to headwater regions for more water. Nowadays, varieties of diversion structures such as reservoirs and canal heads have been constructed on the 14 rivers in Turpan Prefecture. Most of the rivers have been canalized, and the natural conditions of rivers have been remarkably changed. In accordance with the surveys, all the rivers dry up at the middle reaches in most of the days in a year. There is no natural water body within the catchments suitable for fish to survive and develop. The number and species of indigenous fishes drop sharply. There is only some aquiculture in reservoirs Page 111 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 110 4.1.1.8. Lakes 1General Information Turpan Prefecture has only one lake – Aiding Lake (89°10’~89°40’ E, 42°32’~42°43’N). It is located in Qiatekale Township 50 km from Turpan City. It is the destination of all the rivers in Turpan Basin. According to the latest measurement, the elevation of Aiding Lake is minus 154.31m. This is the lowest land in China and also the 2 nd lowest land in the World. This wetland eco-system has not yet been listed as a wetland nature reserve. Nowadays, Aiding Lake is 50 km long from east to west and 10 km wide from south to north with an area of 450 km 2 . The Lake looks like a shallow dish with a thin piece of water at open space. Aiding Lake is made of 3 parts: The margin around 0.5~1 km wide is a ring of hard salty land; there is a ring of salt marsh further towards the lake; and there is salt crystals shining at lake center. According to the lake succession at arid areas, Aiding Lake is at drying stage nowadays. In particular, the appearance of Carnallite in the lake indicates that Aiding Lake is entering the late stage of salt lake period. Aiding Lake is facing northwards the wind passage of Mt. Tianshan. Due to extreme dryness and hot winds, the evaporation at the lake surface is very intensive. According to the record, evaporation of 20 days from the 27 th July to the 17 th August 2002 lowered the surface of Aiding Lake by 20 cm, while the evaporation of the same period lowered the surface of Sailimu Lake (elevation 2072 m) only by 9 cm. 2Recharging Water Source Since Turpan Basin is a closed inland basin, Aiding Lake is the destination of all the rivers in Turpan Basin. Guided by the topographical conditions, all the groundwater throughout the basin tends to join in Aiding Lake, so that the lake water surface can keep a certain level and the drought- and alkali-endurance plants around the lake can survive. The water sources recharging Aiding Lake are mainly surface runoff, groundwater and slope convergence. Of the 3 sources, the recharge by slope convergence is of a small quantity and the variation is limited. The rivers flowing towards Aiding Lake are mainly (i) Baiyang River, Daheyan River, Taerlang River, Meiyaogou River, Heiha River, Tulakangou River and Ertanggou River from the southern slope of Mt. Bogeda, (ii) Alagou River from the southern slope of Mt. Tiangeer and (iii) seasonal rivers and groundwater from the northern slope of Mt. Jueluotage. However, most of the surface water have already been diverged from far away. Aiding Lake is recharged only by small amount of surface water from Alagou River and Baiyang River and irrigation seepage. Alagou River joins Baiyang River near Tuokexun County. The recession water from Tuokexun irrigation scheme is the surface water flowing into Aiding Lake. According to the survey on the 20 th July 1996, the flood peak in Baiyang River was 811m 3 /s, and some flood flowed into Aiding Lake. In winter, surplus water from Hongxing-3 Canal and Dahayan Canal is discharged into Aiding Lake. In winter, the water requirement and evaporation is limited, which makes the water quantity and water level in Aiding Lake going up. In Page 112 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 111 summer, lots of water is used for irrigation, less water flows into the lake and the evaporation is intensive, which makes the water level of the lake lowering. Figure 4.1-3 River Systems in Turpan Prefecture Figure 4.1-4. Flow Direction of Regional Groundwater 3Soils and Vegetation The soils around Aiding Lake are salty soil, alkali soil and desert soil. The annual mean temperature at Aiding Lake district is 14. 1 (extreme highest 49. 6). In a year, the temperature in 146 days is over 30 , including success ive 40 days with temperature above 40 . It is the hottest place in Turpan Prefecture. The annual precipitation amounts to 16 mm, while the evaporation is as high as 3000 mm. In addition, dry hot winds blow frequently. Restricted by the dry and hot climate, the plants at Aiding Lake district are of super-xeric type. Besides stretches of barren ground with salt crust, the other deserty places are decorated with dwarf and salt-endurance plants such as Tamarix hispida, Tamarix Aiding Lake Area with surface and underground runoff replenishing Aiding Lake 132.8 564.1 8.5 4.3 0 : \03 Area with Only Undergroud Runoff Replenishing Aiding lake Aiding Lake Page 113 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 112 ramosissima, Halocnemum strobilaceum, Halostachys caspica, Kalidium foliatum, Salicornia europaea, Lycium ruthenicum, Haloxylon ammodendron, Alhagi pseudalhagi, reeds, Karelinia caspica and so on. No plant at this district requires special protection. The combination of salty soils, groundwater and dry environment has built varieties of vegetation and plant community landscapes around the lake. From the viewpoint of landscape, the natural landscape with concordance, stability and uniformity at Aiding Lake is basically at the stage of virgin land. The vegetation at Aiding Lake district is simple. It is built of clusters of salt-endurance plants with overall coverage around 30~50%. Impacted by the high contents of salts in water, the plants are of low level such as Tamarix hispida, Tamarix ramosissima, Halocnemum strobilaceum, Halostachys caspica, Kalidium foliatum, Salicornia europaea, Lycium ruthenicum and so on. Due to the difference in mineralization, the landscapes at the southwestern, northern and eastern banks of the lake are different. Over the lacustrine plain at the eastern bank, salt crust is developed, there are some saline bogs and there is lots of brine on the dry lakebed. Stretches of barren grounds are decorated with some Hippophae rhamnoides, Halocnemum strobilaceum, H. caspica and other salt-endurance plants. Since the mineralization at the southern bank is higher, the salt crust is not as well-developed as that at the eastern bank. The plants are mainly Alhagi pseudalhagi, Tamarix and some reeds. The western bank has become solar salt field, and there is basically no vegetation to be seen. 4Wild Animals In accordance with the wild animal survey by Turpan Prefecture Bureau of Forestry in recent years, there are small number of mammals, birds and reptiles around Aiding Lake. The mammals are mainly rodents, the birds are mainly sparrows and a small number of falcons, and the reptiles are mainly lizard. Neither rare or endangered animal nor animals of special protection was observed. According to the information from Turpan Prefecture Bureau of Environmental Protection, Turpan Prefecture Bureau of Tourism and Turpan Prefecture Bureau of Forestry, it is basically impossible to upgrade Aiding Lake as a wetland nature reserve. 5Aquatic Life at Aiding Lake Aiding Lake is a saltwater lake (-NaCI). In accordance with the lake water tests by Turpan Prefecture Bureau of Environmental Protection and Xinjiang Environment Monitoring Center, the total hardness is 3828 mg/L (8.5 times above the limit), the contents of chloride – 21324 mg/L (85.3 times above the limit), the contents of salts – 117550 mg/L (117.55 times above the limit), pH partial alkaline (basically normal). The water surface of the lake changes remarkably in a year. Due to the instability of the water quantity and the extremely high mineralization of the lake water, the aquatic life in the lake is very limited in species (mainly some Artemia, no large aquatic animal). 6Historic Changes of Lake Surface In accordance with the earliest map drawn in 1909, the water surface of Aiding Lake was 230 km 2 . On the basis of the calculation on topographic map, the water surface was 150 km 2 in 1940s. The water surface was 22 km 2 in an aerial image in 1958. On the basis of the calculation on aerial image in 1970s, the water surface was 60 km 2 . The field observation in Page 114 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 113 April 1993 estimated the water surface to be around 10 km 2 . In 1994, the water surface was less than 3 km 2 . In the satellite image in 1997, the water surface of Aiding Lake looked like a squid. Its head was the inlet of Alagou River and Daheyan River entering Aiding Lake. The water here was 7 m deep. The tail was big with water depth around 2~3 m (Fig. 1). Change of Water Surface Area of Aiding Lake in the Past Years Since Aiding Lake is the destination of all the water systems in Turpan Basin, the area of lake surface changes with the variation of river inflows. According to the records, the precipitation in late 1990s over the catchments around Aiding Lake was 5~15% more than that in 1980s under the tendency of the global warming. In summer, the addition was over 20%. In the successive 3 years from 1998 to 2000, the flow in Alagou River was 75%~124% more than before. At the same period, there were floods in return of several decades in all the rivers running to Aiding Lake. These are major reasons why the water surface of Aiding Lake expanded to 50 km 2 in March 2000. Since the water surface of Aiding Lake has become smaller, the depth is less than one meter, the local evaporation is extensive and the diversions upstream are concentrated in growing seasons, the area of water surface changes remarkable within a year, presenting clear characteristics of “seasonal lake”. 7Causes of Aiding Lake Shrinkage On the principle of lake water balance, the Aiding Lake shrinkage can result from the following factors: (i) the favorable balance between the evaporation and precipitation keeps increasing, and (ii) the recharges including surface runoff and groundwater runoff are becoming less. Firstly, with the tendency of climate warming in recent 40 years, the evaporation becomes more intensive while there is not much change in the precipitation. Secondly, the irrigation acreage at the north of Aiding Lake has expanded remarkably since late 1940s, which is reducing the recharging capacity of Baiyang River. Thirdly, more and more tube wells have been constructed at the north of Aiding Lake in recent years and the groundwater has been seriously over-exploited, so that the recharges from springs and Karez have been lowered. It Page 115 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 114 can be observed from the above that the decrease in recharge water is the major cause of Aiding Lake shrinkage since 1950s. 8Tourism Development at Aiding Lake In 2008, Turpan Aiding Lake Tourism Company made a plan of Aiding Lake tourism, and the tourism development in the 1 st phase has already begun. The 1 st phase will focus on the infrastructure construction such as road building, water supply, electricity supply and telecommunication facilities as well as the construction of entrance square and cultural exhibition building at the north of Aiding Lake. At the same time the tourism resources of the only lake in Turpan Prefecture is developed, the protection of Aiding Lake has also been considered. In the design period, it is considered: The intensity of infrastructure construction should be controlled. There should be less building structures. In the case of need, some temporary structures can be considered. The building materials should be environment-sound. The structures should not be very high, so that they will become harmonious with the overall features of Aiding Lake and the landscape. From the design considerations, not much impact of tourism development on Aiding Lake is observed. However, with the increase of tourists in the operation period, it looks likely that the tourism development will have some impact on Aiding Lake and the Ertanggou Reservoir around. Since Aiding Lake is entering the late stage of salt lake period, the relevant institutions should strengthen the management of Aiding Lake tourism operation to slow down the pace of Aiding Lake disappearance. 4.1.2. General Information of Social Environment 4.1.2.1. Administrative Regionalization and Population Turpan Prefecture is composed of Turpan City, Shanshan County and Tuokexun County. Under the umbrella of Turpan City, there are one urban town, 9 townships and 2 farms. Shanshan County is built of 10 townships, while Tuokexun County is made of 7 townships. In addition, Turpan Prefecture hosts Regiment No. 221 of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. Of the total population of 589,600 people in Turpan Prefecture, there are 423,400 rural people. Turpan Prefecture is a place where many ethnic groups live together, including 414,900 Uygur people (70.37%), 135,200 Han people (22.93%) and 39,400 people of other ethnic minorities (6.7%). Table 4.1-4. Townships and Population in Turpan Prefecture Turpan City Shanshan County Tuokexun County Urban town Qiketai Urban Town Tuokexun T. Daheyan T. Shanshan T. Kumishi T. Qiquanhu T. Lukexin T. Keerjian T. Hongliuhe Horticultural Farm Qiketai T. Xiaxiang T. Stock Seed Farm Lianmuxin T. Yilahu T. Yaer T. Dalangkan T. Bositan T. Page 116 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 115 Putao T. Badongzha T. Guolebuyi T. Qiatekale T. Pizhan T. Aidinghu T. Tuyugou T. Erpu T. Dikaner T. Sanpu T. 263,200 people 214,600 people 111,600 people Note: (i) T. = Township; (ii) Information Source: Yearbook 2008 of Turpan Prefecture 4.1.2.2. Socio-Economic Situation GDP of Turpan Prefecture in 2007 amounted to RMB 17.89 billion. The contribution of the first industry, the second industry and the tertiary industry was 9.6%, 68.2% and 22.2%, respectively. The per capita GDP amounted to RMB 28,907. The income of local finance was RMB 973 million. Urban resident disposable income was RMB 9384. The annual net income per rural person was RMB 4483. Grain crops covered 26,000 mu with production of 8000 tons. Cotton cultivation covered 270,000 mu with production of 25,000 tons. Vegetable cultivation covered 71,000 mu with production of 186,000 tons. Vineyards covered 452,000 mu with production of 769,000 tons. The cultivation of melons covered 116,000 mu with production of 214,000 tons. 4.1.2.3. Mineral Reservoirs 1 Resources of Petroleum and Natural Gas : Turpan Basin is the main part of Turpan- Hami Oil Field, where the petroleum resources total to 1575 million tons and the resources of natural gas total to 365 billion cubic meters. By the end of 2004, the accumulated production of petroleum and natural gas amounted to 29.93 million tons and 10.8 billion cubic meter. 2 Coal Resources : According to the inventory coal resources being reported tenure, it is estimated that the coal reserves in Turpan Prefecture accounts to 5236 million tons. The capacity of coal production in Turpan Prefecture is more than 1.6 million tons, which among the others is powerfully pushing forward the local economic development. 3 Other Mineral Resources : Turpan’s reserves of saltpeter, soda niter and soapstone are at national tops. The reserves of iron, gold, copper, lake salt, serpentinite, limestone, bentonite, mirabilite and other minerals are ranked among the tops in Xinjiang. 4.1.2.4. Hydraulic Construction Turpan Prefecture has 18 sets of reservoirs with total storage capacity around 105 million cubic meters. Of the above, 2 sets of the reservoirs have already been abandoned. Nowadays, the storage capacity available totals to 103 million cubic meters, and the actual balancing storage amounts to 81.9 million cubic meters. The above 18 reservoirs have nothing to do with the 3 sets of reservoirs to be constructed in the project. The basic information of the 18 sets of reservoirs is detailed in Table 4.1-5 and Fig 5.2-1 (Map of Present Land Use and Reservoir Distribution). Page 117 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 116 In Turpan Prefecture, the canal length totals to 6980 km with annual diversion of 370 million cubic meters. Of the above canals, 5443 km (78%) has been lined up for anti-seepage. In addition, 5136 set of tube wells have been constructed with install capacity of 108.47×103kW. Page 118 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 1 1 7 T a b l e 4 . 1 - 5 . E x i s t i n g R e s e r v o i r s i n T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e N o . N a m e o f R e s e r v o i r W a t e r S o u r c e L o n g i t u d e L a t i t u d e S t o r a g e ( 1 0 , 0 0 0 m 3 H e i g h t o f D a m m S t r u c t u r e o f D a m B o d y T u r p a n C i t y ( 9 s e t s , f o r i r r i g a t i o n ) 1 P u t a o S p r i n g s i n P u t a o T o w n s h i p 8 9 ° 1 6 ' 5 . 7 4 " 4 2 ° 5 8 ' 2 7 . 4 2 " 1 1 0 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 0 0 E a r t h d a m 2 Y a e r n a i z i Y a e r n a i z i R i v e r 8 9 ° 4 ' 4 9 . 0 2 " 4 2 ° 5 5 ' 5 1 . 0 5 " 4 6 3 . 0 0 2 8 E a r t h d a m 3 S h e n g j i n k o u S p r i n g s i n S h e n g j i n T o w n s h i p 8 9 ° 3 6 ' 3 . 7 8 " 4 2 ° 5 7 ' 4 . 6 8 " 1 8 2 . 0 0 1 2 . 2 0 E a r t h d a m 4 S h e n g j i n t a i S p r i n g s i n S h e n g j i n T o w n s h i p 8 9 ° 3 7 ' 1 5 . 4 5 " 4 2 ° 5 6 ' 1 8 . 7 6 " 1 1 8 . 6 6 1 0 . 5 0 E a r t h d a m 5 J i a n s h e K a r e z 8 9 ° 1 2 ' 0 3 . 4 " 4 2 ° 5 5 ' 3 7 . 5 " 4 3 . 4 0 1 2 . 5 0 E a r t h d a m 6 D a d o n g S p r i n g s a t D a c a o h u 8 8 ° 5 4 ' 5 5 . 1 " 4 2 ° 5 4 ' 2 9 . 2 " 1 0 8 . 0 0 4 . 0 0 E a r t h d a m 7 Y a n g s h a P u t a o S p r i n g , K a r e z 8 9 ° 1 2 ' 3 5 . 2 " 4 2 ° 5 3 ' 5 5 . 7 " 1 1 0 . 4 1 1 . 6 3 E a r t h d a m 8 S h a n g y o u T a e r l a n g R i v e r 8 9 ° 1 0 ' 0 8 . 7 " 4 2 ° 5 5 ' 2 9 . 5 " 7 2 . 0 0 1 2 . 0 . 0 E a r t h d a m 9 G a o c h a o H e i g o u R i v e r 8 9 ° 2 0 ' 1 8 . 1 " 4 2 ° 5 4 ' 1 3 . 7 " 4 0 . 0 0 1 2 . 0 0 E a r t h d a m S h a n s h a n C o u n t y ( 7 s e t s , f o r i r r i g a t i o n ) 1 0 K e k e y a K e k e y a R i v e r 9 0 ° 8 ' 5 6 . 9 9 " 4 3 ° 1 0 ' 5 6 . 4 6 " 1 0 5 4 . 0 0 4 1 . 5 0 c o n c r e t e f a c e d s a n d a n d g r a v e l d a m 1 1 K a n e r q i K a n e r q i R i v e r 9 0 ° 2 4 ' 1 5 . 7 7 " 4 3 ° 1 2 ' 2 2 . 8 2 " 1 1 8 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 3 0 m d a m o f a s p h a l t i c c o n c r e t e c o r e w a l l 1 2 L i a n m u x i n T e a m - 7 S p r i n g s , K a r e z 8 9 ° 5 8 ' 5 0 . 0 1 " 4 2 ° 5 3 ' 1 4 . 7 " 6 0 . 0 0 7 . 0 0 E a r t h d a m 1 3 L i a n m u x i n T e a m - 8 S p r i n g s 8 9 ° 5 6 ' 3 8 . 4 " 4 2 ° 5 1 ' 5 3 . 2 " 2 0 . 0 0 6 . 0 0 E a r t h d a m 1 4 L i a n m u x i n T e a m - 1 0 S p r i n g s 8 9 ° 5 5 ' 3 3 " 4 2 ° 5 3 ' 0 6 " 6 0 . 0 0 6 . 0 0 E a r t h d a m 1 5 L u k e x i n S p r i n g s , K a r e z 8 9 ° 4 7 ' 1 9 . 9 " 4 2 ° 4 5 ' 4 0 . 2 " 4 0 . 0 0 5 . 0 0 E a r t h d a m 1 6 Y u a n y i c h a n g S p r i n g s , K a r e z 9 0 ° 1 7 ' 5 5 . 3 " 4 2 ° 5 4 ' 2 0 . 9 " 3 0 . 0 0 7 . 0 0 E a r t h d a m T u o k e x u n C o u n t y ( 2 s e t s , f o r i r r i g a t i o n ) 1 7 H o n g s h a n B a i y a n g R i v e r 8 8 ° 2 7 ´ 2 3 . 7 " 4 2 ° 5 7 ´ 0 4 " 5 6 0 0 . 0 0 — E a r t h d a m 1 8 T u o t a i B a i y a n g R i v e r 8 8 ° 4 0 ´ 4 0 . 6 " 4 2 ° 4 7 ´ 3 1 . 4 " 1 3 9 . 0 0 6 . 0 0 E a r t h d a m Page 119 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 118 4.1.2.5. Cultural Relics In terms of the reserves of cultural relics, Turpan Prefecture takes a special position in Xinjiang and even in China. Turpan is really a “Great Prefecture of Cultural Relics”. Nowadays, 12 cultural sites in Turpan Prefecture have been listed as the National Key Cultural Heritage Protection Units. They are Jiaohe Ancient City, Yalihu Grotto, North Cemetery at Jiaohe Ancient City, Gaochang Ancient City, Astana Tombs, Bozikelike Grotto, Yanghai Cemetery, Tiyugou Grotto, Taizang Tower, Sugong Tower and Qiong Karez. In accordance with the project layout, the project construction will have nothing to do with the above cultural sites. The excavation and protection of the cultural relics in the reservoir- impacted areas will be managed by the institutions of cultural relics management. 4.1.2.6. Ethnic Minorities Of the total population of 600,610 people in Turpan Prefecture, there are 423,051 rural people (71.9%). Turpan Prefecture is a place where many ethnic groups live together, including 423,212 Uygur people (70.46%), 137,745 Han people (22.93%) and 39,653 people of other ethnic minorities (6.6%). 4.1.3. Evaluation of Regional Eco-Environment Quality 1 Methodology f or the Evaluation of Regional Eco-Environment Quality The eco-environment quality of Turpan Prefecture was evaluated with the methodology of landscape ecology and calculated with the methodology of ecological index (EI) as recommended by Technical Criterion for Eco-environmental Status Evaluation. Methodology of Landscape Ecology Methodology of dominance value in traditional ecology was employed to calculate the dominance of each patch, so that the mosaic in an eco-system is determined. From the viewpoint of landscape, the environment quality of the target area is evaluated. Calculation of Ecological Index In accordance with Technical Criterion for Eco-environmental Status Evaluation, the ecological index (EI) is calculated as follows: Ecological Index 0.25 × bio-abundance index 0.2 × vegetation coverage index 0.2 × water network density index 0.2 × land degradation index 0.15 × environmental quality index 2Ecological Integrity Assessment Technical Methods The present situation of a landscape eco-system quality depends on the sophisticated interactions among the natural environment, varieties of living things and human society within the target area. On the principle of landscape ecology that the structure should assort with its functions, whether the landscape functions properly depends on whether the structure is reasonable. The theory of landscape ecology is employed to evaluate the eco- environment quality in the project area. Methodology of dominance value in traditional Page 120 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 119 ecology was employed to calculate the dominance of each patch, so that the mosaic in an eco-system is determined and the environment quality of the target area is evaluated. A landscape is composed of 3 parts – i.e. patch, corridor and mosaic. Of them, mosaic is the background area of the landscape. It is an important landscape factor. To a great extent, the mosaic determines the nature of a landscape and guides the dynamics of a landscape. There are 3 criteria to judge a mosaic: (i) relative area should be large, (ii) connectivity degree should be high, and (iii) the capacity of dynamic controls should be available. The methodology of important value in ecology is normally employed to interpret a landscape mosaic, and the dominance of a patch in the landscape is determined. The calculation is as follows: Amount of Patch i Density Rd= Total Number of Patches x 100% number of sampling plots appearing in patch i Frequency Rf = total number of sampling plots x 100% A sampling plot is 2 × 2 km. Sampling should cover the entire landscape and be verified with Table of Percentage Points of the t Distribution from Merrington Maxine. area of patch i Landscape proportion Lp = total area of sampling plots x 100% Dominance Do= () / Rd Rf Lp + + 2 2 ×100% (Xiao Duning, 1991) Information Source Equipped with GPS, the field survey was done to collect the information of present land use and varieties of land use types in Turpan Prefecture. The information was linked with interpretation sign. With the help of ERDAS, MAPGIS and other softwares, TM image in 2005 was interpreted and the results were revised after site verification. In accordance with the designated classification standard, Map of Land Use in Turpan Prefecture (1/250,000) was made. On the basis of the interpretation output, varieties of attribute data were analyzed. Evaluation of Ecological Landscape On the basis of the interpretation output, the types, number and area of the major patches in the target area are illustrated in Table 4.1-6. Table 4.1-6. Structure and Features of Land Use Landscape in Turpan Prefecture Land Use Type Area (ha) % in Total Area No. of Patch Average Area (ha/patch) Forest land 30117.03 0.41 38 792.55 Grassland 1027021.15 14.08 263 3905.02 Farmland 188099.21 2.58 68 2766.16 Water Surface 6411.51 0.09 25 256.46 Land for Construction 31259.30 0.43 438 71.37 Page 121 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 120 Not-yet-used Land 6010091.35 82.41 324 18549.66 In accordance with the formula of landscape dominance, the calculation results of the landscape dominance in Turpan Prefecture are presented in Table 4.1-7. Table 4.1-7. Calculation Results of the Landscape Dominance in Turpan Prefecture Type of Patch R d % R f % L p % D o % Forest land 3.29 1.24 0.41 1.34 Grassland 22.75 18.02 14.08 17.23 Farmland 5.88 4.36 2.58 3.85 Water Surface 2.16 0.40 0.09 0.69 Land for Construction 37.89 2.74 0.43 10.37 Not-yet-used Land 28.03 85.82 82.41 69.67 Notes: Rd = density; Rf = frequency; Lp = landscape proportion; Do = dominance As can be observed in Table 4.1-7, the not-yet-used land is the highest dominance (69.67%) among varieties of landscape types, and its connectivity degree is also relatively high (Rd = 28.03%, Rf = 85.82%). Therefore, the not-yet-used land achieved remarkable predominance in the landscape patches of Turpan Prefecture, ant it belongs to mosaic landscape. The dominance of grassland (17.23%) and land for construction (10.37%) is also high, while the dominance of other landscape patches such as of forest land, water surface and farmland is below 5%. Therefore, not-yet-used land is the mosaic landscape in Turpan Prefecture. The not-yet-used land is composed mainly of barren ground, sandland, salt-alkali land and barren rock-gravel land. Since the vegetation coverage is extremely low, the stability and anti-disturbance capacity of the regional landscape natural eco-system is low. Once the regional eco- environment quality is disturbed, the capacity of rehabilitation will be quite weak. Generally speaking, the eco-environment quality of the regional landscape natural eco-system is low. 3Evaluation of Ecological Index Weights of Bio-abundance Indexes and Their Calculation . Weights The weights of bio-abundance indexes are presented in Table 4.1-8. Table 4.1-8. Weights of Bio-abundance Indexes \02 Items Weight Sub- Weight \02 Items Weight Sub- Weight 1 Forest 0.35 \02 4 Farmland 0.11 \02 1.1. Afforested land \02 0.6 4.1. irrigated land \02 0.6 1.2. shrub land \02 0.25 4.2. rain-fed land \02 0.4 Page 122 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 121 1.3. forest land with scattered trees/shrubs and the others \02 0.15 5 Land for Construction 0.04 \02 2 grassland 0.21 \02 5.1. Urban construction \02 0.3 2.1. with high vegetation coverage \02 0.6 5.2. Rural House Sites \02 0.4 2.2. with moderate vegetation coverage \02 0.3 5.3. others \02 0.3 2.3. with low vegetation coverage \02 0.1 6 not-yet-used land 0.01 \02 3 Water Surface and Wetland 0.28 \02 6.1. sandland \02 0.2 3.1. River \02 0.1 6.2. salt-alkali land \02 0.3 3.2. Lake, reservoir \02 0.3 6.3. barren ground \02 0.3 3.3. wetland \02 0.6 6.4. barren rock-gravel land \02 0.2 . Calculation Method Bio-abundance Index A bio × (0.35 × forest land 0.21 × grassland 0 .28 × water surface/wetland 0.11 × farmland 0.04 × land for construction 0.01 × not -yet-used land ) / regional area A bio , Normalized coefficient of bio-abundance index Normalized coefficient = 100/A max Area of all types of land in unit km 2 A max refers to the maximum value of a coefficient before normalization . Calculation Results of Bio -abundance Indexes At the reference of the national normalized coefficient of bio-abundance index (Abio=400.62) and on the basis of remote sense interpretation, the calculation results are presented as follows: Bio-abundance index = 400.62 × (0.35×301.17 0.21×10271.210.28×64.120.11×1880.990.04×312.590.01×60100.91 /72930.00=17.03 Weights of Vegetation Coverage Indexes and Their Calculation . Weights The weights of vegetation coverage indexes are presented in Table 4.1-9. Table 4.1-9. Weights of Vegetation Coverage Indexes Page 123 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 122 108.8 713.7 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 Items Weight Sub-Weight 322.3 713.7 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 Items Weight Sub-Weight 1 Forest 0.38 279.0 696.3 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 4 Land for Construction 0.07 492.3 696.3 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 1.1. Afforested land 230.6 673.2 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 0.6 4.1. Urban construction 444.0 673.2 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 0.3 1.2. shrub land 230.6 655.8 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 0.25 4.2. Rural House Sites 444.0 655.8 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 0.4 1.3. forest land with scattered trees/shrubs and the others 230.6 627.2 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 0.15 4.3. others 444.0 627.2 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 0.3 2 grassland 0.34 279.0 598.5 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 5 not-yet-used land 0.02 492.3 598.5 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 2.1. with high vegetation coverage 230.6 575.5 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 0.6 5.1. sandland 444.0 575.5 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 0.2 2.2. with moderate vegetation coverage 230.6 541.2 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 0.3 5.2. salt-alkali land 444.0 541.2 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 0.3 2.3. with low vegetation coverage 230.6 506.9 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 0.1 5.3. barren ground 444.0 506.9 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 0.3 3 Farmland 0.19 279.0 478.2 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 5.4. barren rock-gravel land 444.0 478.2 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 0.2 3.1. irrigated land 230.6 460.8 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 0.7 322.3 460.8 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 341.5 460.8 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 429.8 460.8 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 468.3 460.8 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 3.2. rain-fed land 230.6 449.0 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 0.3 322.3 449.0 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 341.5 449.0 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 429.8 449.0 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 468.3 449.0 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 .Calculation Methods Vegetation Coverage Index Aveg ×0.38 × forest land 0.34 × grassland 0.19× farmland 0.07× land for construction 0.02× not -yet-used land / regional area A veg Normalized coefficient of vegetation coverage ind ex Area of all types of land in unit km 2 . . Calculation Results of Vegetation Coverage Indexes At the reference of the national normalized coefficient of vegetation coverage index (Aveg=355.24) and on the basis of remote sense interpretation, the calculation results are presented as follows: Vegetation coverage index 355.24×(0.35×301.170.34×10271.210.19×1880.990.07×312.590.02×60100.9 1)/72930.00=25.22 Water Network Density Indexes and Their Calculation .Calculation Methods Water Network Density Index =Ariv × river length/regional area Alak × lake or reservoir area/regional area Ares × water resources quantity/regional area Ariv——Normalized coefficient of river length Page 124 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 123 Alak ——Normalized coefficient of lake or reservoir area Ares——Normalized coefficient of water resources quantity River length in unit km; lake or reservoir area in unit km 2 ; water resources quantity in unit 10 6 m 3 . . Calculation Results of Water Network Density Indexes With the methodology of normalized coefficient calculation, the national normalized coefficients of lake/reservoir, water resources and river length are obtained as Alak 17.88, Ares 61.42 and Ariv46.43, respectively. Water Network Density Index = 46.43×2698.51/72930.00 17.88×64.12/72930.0061.42×944.903/72930.00=2.36 Weigh ts of Land Degradation Indexes and Their Calculation . Weights The weights of land degradation indexes are presented in Table 4.1-10. Table 4.1-10. Weights of Land Degradation Indexes Type of Land Degradation Light Erosion Moderate Erosion Heavy Erosion Weight 0.05 0.25 0.7 . Calculation Methods Land Degradation Index=Aero×(0.05× area of light erosion 0.25× area of moderate erosion 0.7× area of heavy erosion)/ regional area Aero Normalized coefficient of land degradation index Area of erosion in unit km 2 . Calculation Results of Land Degradation Indexes With the methodology of normalized coefficient calculation, the national normalized coefficients of land degradation are obtained as Aero 146.33. Then, the area of each type of land degradation is obtained from Xinjiang Plan of Soil Conservation. The data are put into the formula, then: Land Degradation Index 146.33×(0.05×46859.840.25×4660.940.7×17524.31)/ 72930.00=31.65 Environment Quality Indexes and Their Calculation . Weight Page 125 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 124 The weights of environment quality indexes are presented in Table 4.1-11 Table 4.1-11. Weights of Environment Quality Indexes Items SO 2 COD Solid Waste Weight 0.4 0.4 0.2 . Calculation Methods Environment Quality Index 0.4×100A so2 ×SO 2 emission quantity/regional area 0.4×100A cod ×COD emission quantity/regional average rainfall 0.2×100A sol × discharge quantity of solid wastes/regional area A SO2 ——Normalized coefficient of SO 2 Asol——Normalized coefficient of solid waste A COD ——Normalized coefficient of COD The emission or discharge in unit ton, the precipitation in unit mm . Calculation Results of Environment Quality Indexes With the methodology of normalized coefficient calculation, the national normalized coefficients of COD, SO 2 and solid waste are obtained as A COD 0.33, A SO2 0.06 and A sol 0.07. Then, the emission/discharge quantities of the pollutants are obtained from Xinjiang Yearbook 2006. The data are put into the formula, then: Environment Quality Index 0.4×(1000.06×41281/72930.00)0.4×(1000.33×3809/16.2) 0.2× 1000.07×3 23100/72930.00 =68.89 Ecological Indexes and Their Calculation The weights of ecological indexes are presented in Table 4.1-12. Table 4.1-12. Weights of Ecological Indexes Bio-Abundance Index Vegetation Coverage Index Water Network Density Index Land Degradation Index Environmental Quality Index Weight 0.30 0.20 0.25 0.15 0.10 Ecological Index Calculation Method Ecological Index 0.30× bio -abundance index 0.20× vegetation coverage index0.25× water network density index 0.15× land degr adation index 0.10× environmental quality index Page 126 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 125 In accordance with the ecological index, the eco-environment is classified into 5 grades. The details are in Table 4.1-13. Table 4.1-13. Grades of Eco-environment Quality Grade Index Description Excellent EI 75 High in vegetation coverage, rich in bio-diversity, with stable eco-system, most suitable for human life. Good 55 EI 75 Relatively high in vegetation coverage, relatively rich in bio-diversity, basically suitable for human life. Moderate 35 EI 55 Moderate in vegetation coverage, moderate in bio-diversity, relatively suitable for human life. But with some restraints against human life Poor 20 EI 35 Poor in vegetation coverage, serious drought and limited precipitation, small number of bio-species, with remarkable restraints against human life. Very Poor EI 20 Natural conditions harsh; the lands are mostly of Gobi, desert, salt-alkali land, barren mountains or alpine cold mountainous areas. The environment for human life is very poor. On the basis of the index calculations above, the ecological index of the target area is: Ecological Index=0.30×17.03 0.20×25.220.25×2.360.15×31.650.10×68.8922.38 The calculation indicated that the ecological index of Turpan Prefecture is 22.38, which means the ecological quality of Turpan Prefecture is poor, since the vegetation coverage is poor, there is a serious problem of dryness, the precipitation is limited, the number of bio- species is small, and there are remarkable restraints against human life. 4.2. General Information of the Natural Conditions of the Sub-Project Sites 4.2.1. General Information of Natural Conditions 4.2.1.1. Topography and Landscape Page 127 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 1 2 6 T a b l e 4 . 2 - 1 . T o p o g r a p h y a n d L a n d s c a p e o f t h e S u b - P r o j e c t S i t e s N o . C o d e S u b - P r o j e c t T o p o g r a p h y a n d L a n d s c a p e T u r p a n C i t y ( 4 s e t s ) 1 T L F 1 M e i y a o g o u R e s e r v o i r M e i y a o g o u R e s e r v o i r w i l l b e l o c a t e d a t t h e l o w - m o u n t a i n a r e a s w i t h i n t h e c a t c h m e n t s o f M e i y a o g o u R i v e r . ~ t e r r a c e s a r e d e v e l o p e d a l o n g t h e b o t h s i d e s o f t h e r i v e r . M o s t o f t h e t e r r a c e s a r e n o t c o n c a t e n a t e d . T h e s u r f a c e o f t h e t e r r a c e s i s r e l a t i v e l y f l a t w i t h g r a d i e n t 4 % . A t t h e l e f t b a n k , t h e t e r r a c e s a r e 5 0 ~ 1 0 0 m w i d e ; t e r r a c e s , a n d a r e m i s s i n g t o m a k e t e r r a c e a c l i f f o f 7 0 m h i g h . A t t h e r i g h t b a n k , t h e t e r r a c e s a r e 5 0 ~ 3 0 0 m w i d e ; t e r r a c e s a n d a r e m i s s i n g a n d t e r r a c e s a n d a r e i n t e r m i t t e n t - d e v e l o p e d . 2 T L F 2 W a t e r - S a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n T h e p r o j e c t w i l l b e l o c a t e d a t t h e S h a n n a n P l a i n o f T u r p a n B a s i n . A l l t h e 5 p r o j e c t t o w n s h i p s a r e a t t h e s o u t h o f t h e F l a m i n g M o u n t a i n s ( H u o y a n s h a n ) . T h e t o p o g r a p h y a n d l a n d s c a p e o f t h e 5 t o w n s h i p s a r e b a s i c a l l y t h e s a m e . T h e y h a v e t h e F l a m i n g M o u n t a i n s a n d M t . Y a n s h a n a t t h e n o r t h a n d S h a n n a n O a s i s P l a i n a t t h e s o u t h . T h e t o p o g r a p h y d e c l i n e s f r o m n o r t h e a s t t o s o u t h w e s t . T h e l a n d f o r m i s f l a t a n d t h e e l e v a t i o n i s 1 3 0 ~ 7 0 m b e l o w t h e s e a l e v e l . 3 T L F 3 T a e r l a n g B r a n c h C a n a l T h e t o p o g r a p h y d e c l i n e s f r o m n o r t h e a s t t o s o u t h w e s t w i t h e l e v a t i o n o f 4 0 0 ~ 7 0 0 m a b o v e s e a l e v e l . I t i s a p i e d m o n t s l o p i n g p l a i n o f Q u a t e r n a r y S t r a t i g r a p h y . T h e l a n d f o r m i s o p e n a n d g e n t l e . T h e t e r r a c e c o n v e r g e s d o w n s t r e a m . I t i s a p l u v i a l - a l l u v i a l p l a i n . 4 T L F 4 K a r e z P r o t e c t i o n T h e t o p o g r a p h y d e c l i n e s f r o m n o r t h e a s t t o s o u t h w e s t w i t h e l e v a t i o n o f 0 ~ 7 0 m a b o v e s e a l e v e l . T h e l a n d f o r m i s f l a t . A l o n g a n d a b o v e K a r e z i s g r a v e l d e s e r t i f i e d l a n d . C u l v e r t c a n a l a n d o p e n c a n a l s r u n t o t h e i n t a k e s o f K a r e z , w h i l e w a t e r p o n d s a r e a t t h e o a s i s p l a i n s . T h e r e a r e p r o t e c t i v e t r e e b e l t s a n d v i n e y a r d s a l o n g K a r e z . S h a n s h a n C o u n t y ( 3 s e t s ) 5 S S 1 E r t a n g g o u R e s e r v o i r T h e r e s e r v o i r w i l l b e c o n s t r u c t e d a t t h e m i d d l e m o u n t a i n a r e a s a t t h e s o u t h o f M t . B o g e d a . T h e e l e v a t i o n o f t h e e n g i n e e r i n g s i t e i s 1 3 0 0 ~ 1 7 0 0 m . T h e t o p o g r a p h y d e c l i n e s f r o m n o r t h t o s o u t h . W i t h t h e p i e d m o n t a s t h e d i v i d i n g l i n e , M t . B o g e d a i s a t t h e n o r t h , w h i l e T u r p a n B a s i n i s a t t h e s o u t h . F r o m n o r t h t o s o u t h , t h e r e a r e 2 g e o m o r p h i c u n i t s – i . e . e r o d e d m o u n t a i n s a n d p l u v i a l g r a v e l t i l t i n g p l a i n s . M o s t o f t h e v a l l e y e n t r a n c e s a r e U - s h a p e d . T h e r e a r e I ~ I V t e r r a c e s a l o n g t h e b o t h s i d e s o f t h e v a l l e y s w i t h e l e v a t i o n 1 4 0 0 ~ 2 1 0 0 m . 6 S S 2 W a t e r - S a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n T h e p r o j e c t s i t e s a r e o n a n a l l u v i a l p l a i n w i t h e l e v a t i o n o f 1 0 0 ~ 2 0 0 m . T h e t o p o g r a p h y g o e s u p f r o m s o u t h w e s t t o n o r t h e a s t i n t h e i r r i g a t e d a r e a . A t t h e m i d d l e a n d l o w e r p a r t s o f t h e i r r i g a t e d a r e a , t h e l a n d f o r m i s f l a t a n d g e n t l e w i t h t h i c k s o i l s . T h e s u r f a c e s o i l i s m a i n l y o f l o a m a n d s a n d y l o a m . T o t h e s o u t h o f t h e i r r i g a t e d a r e a , i t i s G o b i d e s e r t w i t h f i x e d o r s e m i - f i x e d s a n d d u n e s . Page 128 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 1 2 7 7 S S 3 A n t i - s e e p a g e R e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f E r t a n g g o u B r a n c h C a n a l T h e p r o j e c t c a n a l s w i l l r u n t h r o u g h p l u v i a l g r a v e l p l a i n s . T h e l a n d f o r m i s f l a t . T h e s i t e l i t h o l o g y i s m a i n l y o f l o w l i q u i d l i m i t s i l t s o i l o f t h e Q u a t e r n a r y P e r i o d a n d a e o l i a n l o e s s o f P l e i s t o c e n e S e r i e s . T h i s p l u v i a l f a n h a s a n e l e v a t i o n o f 1 1 2 0 ~ 4 8 0 m . T u o k e x u n C o u n t y ( 3 s e t s ) 8 T K X 1 A l a g o u R e s e r v o i r T h e r e s e r v o i r w i l l b e c o n s t r u c t e d a t t h e m i d - l o w e r r e a c h e s o f A l a g o u R i v e r . I t i s a p l a c e o f g o r g e o f m o d e r a t e a n d l o w m o u n t a i n s . T h e v a l l e y s e c t i o n w h e r e t h e r e s e r v o i r i s t o b u i l d i s U - s h a p e d . 9 T K X 2 W a t e r - S a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n T h e p r o j e c t w i l l b e d o n e o n a n a l l u v i a l o a s i s p l a i n w i t h e l e v a t i o n o f - 1 2 5 ~ 2 0 0 m . T h e f l a t l a n d f o r m p r e s e n t s c r o p c u l t i v a t i o n f o r y e a r s . T h e t o p o g r a p h y o f t h e p r o j e c t s i t e s a t Y i l a h u T o w n s h i p d e c l i n e s f r o m s o u t h w e s t t o n o r t h e a s t w i t h f l a t l a n d f o r m a n d e l e v a t i o n o f 1 0 0 ~ 1 3 3 m . T h e t o p o g r a p h y o f t h e p r o j e c t s i t e s a t B o s i t a n T o w n s h i p d e c l i n e s f r o m s o u t h w e s t t o n o r t h e a s t w i t h f l a t l a n d f o r m a n d e l e v a t i o n o f 6 0 ~ 8 0 m . T h e t o p o g r a p h y o f t h e p r o j e c t s i t e s a t G u o l e b u y i T o w n s h i p d e c l i n e s f r o m s o u t h w e s t t o n o r t h e a s t w i t h f l a t l a n d f o r m a n d e l e v a t i o n o f 1 0 ~ 5 0 m . T h e p r o j e c t s i t e s a t X i a x i a n g T o w n s h i p a r e l o c a t e d a t t h e a l l u v i a l p l a i n o f B a i y a n g R i v e r . T h e t o p o g r a p h y d e c l i n e s f r o m s o u t h e a s t t o n o r t h w e s t w i t h f l a t l a n d f o r m a n d e l e v a t i o n o f - 6 0 ~ 0 m . 1 0 T K X 3 A l a g o u M a i n C a n a l T h e A l a g o u M a i n C a n a l w i l l r u n f r o m t h e o u t l e t o f A l a g o u R e s e r v o i r t o w a t e r h e a d o f A l a g o u C a n a l . T h e r e a r e l o w m o u n t a i n s a n d h i l l s u p s t r e a m t h e v a l l e y e n t r a n c e , w h i l e i t i s a p i e c e o f G o b i g r a v e l l a n d f r o m t h e v a l l e y e n t r a n c e t o t h e w a t e r h e a d o f A l a g o u C a n a l . T h e l a n d f o r m i s a t i l t i n g p l u v i a l f a n w i t h g r a d i e n t o f 1 ~ 2 ‰ . Page 129 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 1 2 8 T a b l e 4 . 2 - 2 . G e o l o g i c a l I n f o r m a t i o n o f t h e S u b - P r o j e c t S i t e s N o . C o d e S u b - P r o j e c t I n f o r m a t i o n o f G e o l o g y T u r p a n C i t y ( 4 s e t s ) 1 T L F 1 M e i y a o g o u R e s e r v o i r 1 \02 G e o l o g i c a l C o n d i t i o n s i n R e s e r v o i r A r e a T h e e n t i r e r e s e r v o i r a r e a i s c o v e r e d w i t h t h e d e p o s i t s o f Q u a t e r n a r y P e r i o d , b e d r o c k e x p o s u r e i s n o t o b s e r v e d , a n d t h e f a u l t s t r u c t u r e i s n o t d e v e l o p e d . T h e r e i s n o b i g f a u l t r u n n i n g t h r o u g h t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a . H o w e v e r , t h e m a i n s e c t i o n o f a f a u l t ( F 1 ) a t t h e s o u t h e r n m a r g i n o f M t . B o g e d a r u n s t h r o u g h M e i y a o g o u R i v e r 2 . 3 k m n o r t h o f t h e d a m s i t e . T h e g r o u n d w a t e r a t t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a i s r e c h a r g e d m a i n l y b y t h e r i v e r w a t e r , f l o o d s a n d r i v e r b e d p o r e w a t e r a s w e l l a s t e m p o r a r i l y b y p r e c i p i t a t i o n . T h e g r o u n d w a t e r a t t h e m i d d l e a n d u p p e r s e c t i o n s o f t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a i s b u r i e d 8 . 9 m u n d e r t h e g r o u n d . A t t h e d a m s i t e , t h e r e i s a s a n d / p e b b l e / g r a v e l l a y e r ( Q 2 ) w i t h l o w p e r m e a b i l i t y , t h e r i v e r b e d a n d s e e p a g e w i d t h b e c o m e s n a r r o w e r , w h i c h m a k e s t h e g r o u n d w a t e r b u r i e d s h a l l o w e r . T h e s u r f a c e l a y e r o f r e s e r v o i r b o t t o m i s h i g h i n p e r m e a b i l i t y . T h e r e w i l l b e s e e p a g e p r o b l e m a f t e r i m p o u n d m e n t . S i n c e t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f v e r t i c a l a n t i - s e e p a g e f a c i l i t y i s a l a r g e a n d d i f f i c u l t e n g i n e e r i n g , i t i s p r o p o s e d t o h a v e a n t i - s e e p a g e t r e a t m e n t w i t h g e o m e m b r a n c e o n t h e w h o l e b o t t o m . T h e b a s i c e a r t h q u a k e i n t e n s i t y a t t h e e n g i n e e r i n g a r e a i s m a g n i t u d e . T h e r e g i o n a l s t r u c t u r e i s r e l a t i v e l y s t a b l e . T h e r e s e r v o i r i m p o u n d m e n t i s n o t l i k e t o i n d u c e a n y e a r t h q u a k e . 2 \02 G e o l o g i c a l C o n d i t i o n s a t D a m S i t e z \03 E a s t A u x i l i a r y D a m ( S t a k e N o . 0 + 0 0 0 ~ 1 + 3 4 2 . 1 7 ) : T h e s t r a t u m l i t h o l o g y a t t h i s s e c t i o n i s a t h i c k l a y e r o f s a n d / p e b b l e / g r a v e l w i t h e r r a t i c b o u l d e r o f t h e U p p e r P l e i s t o c e n e S e r i e s i n t h e Q u a t e r n a r y S y s t e m ( Q 3 a l + p l ) . T h i s l a y e r i s m i n g l e d w i t h a t h i n l a y e r ( 2 0 ~ 4 0 c m ) o f m o d e r a t e c o a r s e s a n d a n d g r a v e l s . T h e g r a v e l l a y e r i s p a r t i a l l y o f s p a c e f r a m e . A t t h e t r a i l i n g e d g e o f t h e t e r r a c e , t h e r e i s a l a y e r ( 5 ~ 2 5 m ) o f d r i f t b e d s a n d / p e b b l e / g r a v e l o f t h e H o l o c e n e S e r i e s i n t h e Q u a t e r n a r y S y s t e m ( Q 4 d l ) . T h e g r o u n d w a t e r i s b u r i e d r e l a t i v e l y d e e p i n t h e g r o u n d a n d h a s n o t e c t o n i s m . A s t h e f o u n d a t i o n o f d a m s i t e , t h e c o n d i t i o n s o f e n g i n e e r i n g g e o l o g y a r e r e l a t i v e l y g o o d . z \03 M a i n D a m ( S t a k e N o . 1 + 3 4 2 . 1 7 ~ 1 + 8 6 6 . 9 2 ) : T h e s u r f a c e s o f r i v e r b e d ( 3 ~ 5 m ) a n d t e r r a c e ( 3 m ) a r e m a d e o f s a n d / p e b b l e / g r a v e l w i t h e r r a t i c b o u l d e r o f t h e H o l o c e n e S e r i e s i n t h e Q u a t e r n a r y S y s t e m ( Q 4 a l ) . U n d e r n e a t h , t h e r e i s a l a y e r ( 5 ~ 1 5 m ) o f p e b b l e / g r a v e l w i t h e r r a t i c b o u l d e r o f t h e U p p e r P l e i s t o c e n e S e r i e s i n t h e Q u a t e r n a r y S y s t e m ( Q 3 a l + p l ) . S t i l l u n d e r n e a t h , t h e r e i s a l a y e r ( 2 3 m ) o f p e b b l e / g r a v e l w i t h e r r a t i c b o u l d e r o f t h e M i d d l e P l e i s t o c e n e S e r i e s i n t h e Q u a t e r n a r y S y s t e m ( Q 2 a l + p l ) . T h e b o t t o m i s b u i l t o f s a n d s t o n e , m u d s t o n e , m u d d y s a n d s t o n e a n d s a n d s t o n e w i t h f i n e g r a v e l o f t h e T e r t i a r y S y s t e m . T h e g r o u n d w a t e r i s b u r i e d 8 . 9 m i n t h e g r o u n d a n d h a s n o t e c t o n i s m . A s t h e f o u n d a t i o n o f d a m s i t e , t h e c o n d i t i o n s o f e n g i n e e r i n g g e o l o g y a r e r e l a t i v e l y g o o d . z \03 W e s t A u x i l i a r y D a m ( S t a k e N o . 1 + 8 6 6 . 9 2 ~ 3 + 2 2 7 ) : T h e s t r a t u m l i t h o l o g y a t t h i s s e c t i o n i s a t h i c k l a y e r o f s a n d / p e b b l e / g r a v e l w i t h e r r a t i c b o u l d e r o f t h e U p p e r P l e i s t o c e n e S e r i e s i n t h e Q u a t e r n a r y S y s t e m ( Q 3 a l + p l ) . T h i s Page 130 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 1 2 9 l a y e r i s m i n g l e d w i t h a t h i n l a y e r ( 2 0 ~ 4 0 c m ) o f m o d e r a t e c o a r s e s a n d a n d g r a v e l s . T h e g r a v e l l a y e r i s p a r t i a l l y o f s p a c e f r a m e . 6 ~ 9 m u n d e r t h e t e r r a c e I I I a t t h e r i g h t d a m a b u t m e n t , t h e r e i s a l o o s e l a y e r o f g r a v e l s w i t h s p a c e f r a m e . T h e g r o u n d w a t e r i s b u r i e d 4 ~ 1 2 m i n t h e g r o u n d a n d h a s n o t e c t o n i s m . A s t h e f o u n d a t i o n o f d a m s i t e , t h e c o n d i t i o n s o f e n g i n e e r i n g g e o l o g y a r e r e l a t i v e l y g o o d N o t e : T h e m a p s o f E n g i n e e r i n g G e o l o g y a r e M a p 4 . 2 - 1 a n d M a p 4 . 2 - 2 . 2 T L F 2 W a t e r - S a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n T h e s t r a t u m l i t h o l o g y i n t h e p r o j e c t a r e a i s m a i n l y a h u g e t h i c k l a y e r o f s a n d a n d g r a v e l s o f t h e U p p e r P l e i s t o c e n e S e r i e s . T h e s t r u c t u r e i s s i m p l e . T h e s a n d / g r a v e l l a y e r i s m i n g l e d w i t h a t h i n l a y e r o f s i l t g r a n u l e s o i l . T h e t h i c k n e s s o f d e p o s i t l a y e r o f t h e Q u a t e r n a r y S y s t e m c h a n g e s f r o m 2 0 0 m a t A i d i n g L a k e t o 4 0 0 ~ 6 0 0 m a t T u r p a n . T h e l a y e r s o f p e b b l e s a n d s a n d g r a v e l s o f t h e U p p e r P l e i s t o c e n e S e r i e s a n d H o l o c e n e S e r i e s a r e b e c o m i n g t h i n n e r a n d d i s a p p e a r i n g . T h e y a r e r e p l a c e d g r a d u a l l y b y t h i c k e n i n g l a y e r s o f s a n d , s a n d y s o i l , s u b - c l a y s o i l . 3 T L F 3 T a e r l a n g B r a n c h C a n a l T h e e n g i n e e r i n g s i t e s a r e d i s t r i b u t e d a t t h e p l u v i a l a n d a l l u v i a l p l a i n a t t h e n o r t h o f T u r p a n C i t y . T h e w h o l e c a n a l w i l l l i e o n a s t r a t u m o f t h e Q u a t e r n a r y S y s t e m , w h e r e t h e r e a r e l a y e r s o f p e b b l e g r a v e l , s a n d g r a v e l , s a n d a n d c l a y o f t h e Q u a t e r n a r y S y s t e m w i t h t h i c k n e s s o f d o z e n m e t e r s . T h e c a n a l w i l l r u n t h r o u g h a s a n d p e b b l e l a y e r w i t h e r r a t i c b o u l d e r a n d d e t r i t u s . O n t h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e , t h e r e i s a l a y e r ( 0 . 3 ~ 0 . 5 m ) o f s o i l d e t r i t u s , r o c k s a n d s a n d g r a v e l s i n a s t a t u s o f a l k a l i n e c e m e n t a t i o n . T h e c o n t e n t s o f g r a v e l s a n d c l a y s a r e 4 0 ~ 7 0 % a n d 3 . 5 ~ 5 . 5 % , r e s p e c t i v e l y . T h e p e r m e a b i l i t y i s h i g h . T h e d e p o s i t s a r e i n a s t a t u s o f s l i g h t c e m e n t a t i o n o r s e m i - c e m e n t a t i o n . Page 131 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 1 3 0 4 T L F 4 K a r e z P r o t e c t i o n I n t h e p r o j e c t a r e a , t h e s t r a t u m ( 2 0 0 ~ 7 0 0 m ) o f t h e Q u a t e r n a r y S y s t e m i s b u i l t o f l a y e r s o f p e b b l e g r a v e l s , s a n d g r a v e l s , s a n d s , s u b - c l a y a n d c l a y . T h e s t r a t u m t i l t s f r o m n o r t h t o s o u t h . S h a n s h a n C o u n t y ( 3 s e t s ) 5 S S 1 E r t a n g g o u R e s e r v o i r 1 G e o l o g i c a l C o n d i t i o n s i n R e s e r v o i r A r e a T h e r e i s n o p e r m a n e n t s e e p a g e i n t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a , a n d t h e r e s e r v o i r e m b a n k m e n t i s s t a b l e . I n s p i t e o f t h e f a c t t h a t r e c y c l i n g p h e n o m e n o n i s o b s e r v e d a t t h e s a n d / p e b b l e / g r a v e l r i g h t b a n k s l o p e o n t e r r a c e I I I , i t d o e s n o t h a v e m u c h i m p a c t o n t h e r e s e r v o i r d a m . T h e b a s i c e a r t h q u a k e i n t e n s i t y a t t h e e n g i n e e r i n g a r e a i s m a g n i t u d e V I I . T h e r e g i o n a l s t r u c t u r e i s r e l a t i v e l y s t a b l e . T h e r e s e r v o i r i m p o u n d m e n t i s n o t l i k e t o i n d u c e a n y e a r t h q u a k e . 2 G e o l o g i c a l C o n d i t i o n s a t D a m S i t e S t r a t u m L i t h o l o g y : T h e l e f t b a n k i s m a d e m a i n l y o f d a c i t e . T h e d a c i t e i s o f b l o c k y t e x t u r e , i t i s f i r m a n d h a r d . T h e r o c k m a s s i s r e l a t i v e l y i n t e g r i t y . T h e r i g h t b a n k i s m a d e m a i n l y o f t u f a i n m i d - t h i c k l a y e r s . T h e t e r r a n e i s g e n t l e . T h e r o c k i s f i r m a n d h a r d . T h e i n t e g r i t y o f r o c k m a s s i s r e c o g n i z e d a s f r o m p o o r t o r e l a t i v e i n t e g r i t y . T h e r i v e r b e d i s c o v e r e d m a i n l y b y a s a n d / p e b b l e / g r a v e l l a y e r w i t h s o i l m i n g l e d i n . U n d e r n e a t h , t h e r e i s a h i g h l y w e a t h e r e d l a y e r o f d a c i t e ( 3 m ) . G e o l o g i c a l S t r u c t u r e : I t i s a r o u n d 1 3 k m f r o m t h e f a u l t a t t h e p i e d m o n t ( F 2 ) . R e l a t i v e l y l a r g e f a u l t s a t t h e d a m s i t e m a i n l y i n c l u d e F 1 0 5 , F 1 3 6 , f 2 2 a n d f 1 3 4 . T h e f o l d i n g t e c t o n i c s m a i n l y i n c l u d e s a n t i c l i n e N o . 3 a n d s y n c l i n e N o . 1 . T h e y h a v e s o m e i m p a c t s o n t h e i n t e g r i t y a n d s e e p a g e o f t h e t u f a a t t h e r i g h t b a n k . T h e r e w o u l d b e s o m e f a l l i n g p i e c e s a t t h e r i g h t d a m a b u t m e n t a n d s o m e s e c t i o n s d o w n s t r e a m . T h e i r i m p a c t o n t h e l e f t d a m a b u t m e n t i s s m a l l . H y d r o g e o l o g i c a l C o n d i t i o n s : I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e p o r e w a t e r i n r i v e r b e d c o v e r , t h e r e i s c o n f i n e d w a t e r 2 0 m d e e p u n d e r t h e g r o u n d . T h e f i s s u r e w a t e r i n b e d r o c k i s n o t d e v e l o p e d a t b o t h s i d e s o f t h e b a n k . I t i s r e c h a r g e d b y r i v e r w a t e r . T h e r i g h t d a m a b u t m e n t i s i m p a c t e d b y t h e f a u l t s a n d f r a c t u r e s t r u c t u r e . A l a r g e s c o p e o f r o c k m a s s h a s m o d e r a t e p e r m e a b i l i t y , s o t h a t t h e r e i s a p o s s i b i l i t y o f l e a k a g e o f b y - p a s s d a m a b u t m e n t . T h e p h y s i c a l g e o l o g y a t t h e d a m s i t e i s m a i n l y r e f l e c t e d b y h i g h l y w e a t h e r e d r o c k s , u n s t a b l e m a t t e r s d u e t o s t e e p s i d e s l o p e a n d w e l l - d e v e l o p e d e r o s i o n g u l l i e s . N o t e : T h e m a p s o f E n g i n e e r i n g G e o l o g y a r e M a p 4 . 2 - 3 a n d M a p 4 . 2 - 4 . 6 S S 2 W a t e r - S a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n T h e p r o j e c t w i l l b e d o n e o n p l u v i a l a n d p l u v i a l - a l l u v i a l l a y e r s . I n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e g e o l o g i c a l s u r v e y m a t e r i a l s , t h e s t r a t u m l i t h o l o g y i n t h e p r o j e c t a r e a i s m a i n l y o f t h e p l u v i a l l a y e r o f t h e U p p e r P l e i s t o c e n e S e r i e s a n d H o l o c e n e S e r i e s ( Q 4 a l ) . T h e g r o u n d i s b u i l t o f e a r t h y y e l l o w c l a y , r e d b r o w n s a n d y c l a y , c a e s i o u s s i l t y c l a y a n d s a n d y s o i l w i t h f i n e g r a v e l s . T h e l a y e r i s t h i c k a n d m u d d y c e m e n t e d . 7 S S 3 A n t i - s e e p a g e R e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f E r t a n g B r a n c h C a n a l T h e p r o j e c t s i t e s w i l l b e d i s t r i b u t e d o n p l u v i a l a n d p l u v i a l - a l l u v i a l l a y e r s a t t h e n o r t h o f t h e F l a m i n g M o u n t a i n . T h e s t r a t u m l i t h o l o g y i s t h e p l u v i a l l a y e r o f t h e U p p e r P l e i s t o c e n e S e r i e s a n d H o l o c e n e S e r i e s ( Q 3 + 4 p l ) . T h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e i s a p l u v i a l f a n o f s l i g h t u n d u l a t i o n w i t h e l e v a t i o n o f 1 1 2 0 - 4 8 0 m . T h e s t r a t u m i s a t h i c k l a y e r o f s a n d / p e b b l e / g r a v e l G o b i w i t h m u d d y c e m e n t a t i o n . Page 132 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 1 3 1 T u o k e x u n C o u n t y ( 3 s e t s ) 8 T K X 1 A l a g o u R e s e r v o i r 1 \02 G e o l o g i c a l C o n d i t i o n s i n R e s e r v o i r A r e a T h e b e d r o c k o f r e s e r v o i r b o t t o m i s m a d e m a i n l y o f t u f f a c e o u s s i l t s t o n e , t u f f a c e o u s s a n d s t o n e , C h e r t , m u d d y s i l t s t o n e + t u f f a n d c a l c a r e o u s s a n d s t o n e f r o m s i l i c e o u s p y r o c l a s t i c r o c k s t h e s e c o n d s u b - g r o u p o f T i a n g e e r G r o u p o f t h e U p p e r D e v o n i a n S y s t e m ( D 3 t b ) . I n i t , V a r i s c a n m a f i c d y k e s a r e o b s e r v e d r u n n i n g t h r o u g h t h e v a l l e y . T h e l i t h o l o g y i s o f d a r k g r e e n d i a b a s e . N o r e g i o n a l l a r g e f a u l t i s o b s e r v e d r u n n i n g t h r o u g h t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a . T h e g r o u n d w a t e r o f t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a i s f i s s u r e w a t e r i n b e d r o c k a n d p o r e w a t e r o f t h e Q u a t e r n a r y S y s t e m . T h e f o r m e r i s b u r i e d d e e p u n d e r t h e g r o u n d a n d n o s p r i n g i s o b s e r v e d a r o u n d t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a , w h i l e t h e l a t t e r i s w i t h i n t h e s a n d / p e b b l e / g r a v e l l a y e r o f f l o o d p l a i n . I t i s b u r i e d 0 . 5 ~ 4 m u n d e r t h e g r o u n d , a n d t h e w a t e r t a b l e i s c l o s e t o t h e r i v e r w a t e r l e v e l . T h e p h y s i c a l g e o l o g y a t t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a i s m a i n l y r e f l e c t e d b y : s o m e u n l o a d i n g l o o s e p h e n o m e n o n c l o s e t o t h e s u r f a c e o f t h e s i d e s l o p e a n d s o m e f a l l i n g p i e c e s i n a s m a l l s c o p e . T h e b a s i c e a r t h q u a k e i n t e n s i t y a t t h e e n g i n e e r i n g a r e a i s m a g n i t u d e V I I . T h e r e g i o n a l s t r u c t u r e i s r e l a t i v e l y s t a b l e . T h e r e s e r v o i r i m p o u n d m e n t i s n o t l i k e t o i n d u c e a n y e a r t h q u a k e . 2 G e o l o g i c a l C o n d i t i o n s a t D a m S i t e T h e s t r a t u m i s m a d e o f t h e m a t e r i a l s o f t h e S i l u r i a n S y s t e m , t h e C a r b o n i f e r o u s S y s t e m a n d t h e P e r m i a n ~ Q u a t e r n a r y S y s t e m . T h e l i t h o l o g y o f t h e s e c o n d s u b - g r o u p o f A h e b u l a k e G r o u p i n t h e S i l u r i a n S y s t e m ( S a h b i s o f l i g h t g r a y a n d w h i t e m a r b l e i z e d l i m e s t o n e , d o l o m i t e , c r y s t a l l i n e l i m e s t o n e , m a r b l e + c a l c - s c h i s t , m o t t l e d s c h i s t a n d g r e e n s a n d s t o n e . T h e l i t h o l o g y o f t h e s e c o n d s u b - g r o u p o f B a j i a n g o u G r o u p i n t h e M i d d l e C a r b o n i f e r o u s S y s t e m ( C 2 b b ) i s o f t h i c k l a y e r s o f t u f f a c e o u s s i l t s t o n e , t u f f a c e o u s s a n d s t o n e a n d s i l i c e o u s r o c k . I n t h e f i r s t s u b - g r o u p o f Y a o m o s h a n G r o u p i n U p p e r P e r m i a n S y s t e m ( P 2 y 2 , t h e m a t e r i a l s a r e g r e y b l a c k m u d s t o n e + s a n d s t o n e . I n t h e X i a o q u n g o u G r o u p o f t h e U p p e r T r i a s s i c S y s t e m ( T 3 x q ) , t h e m a t e r i a l s a r e d a r k g r e y m u d s t o n e + t h i n l a y e r s o f s a n d y m u d s t o n e . I n t h e Q i a n s h a n G r o u p o f t h e U p p e r T e r t i a r y S y s t e m ( N 1 q ) a n d t h e l o w e r s u b - g r o u p o f C h a n g j i G r o u p i n t h e U p p e r P l i o c e n e S e r i e s ( N 2 c , ) , t h e l i t h o l o g y i s m a i n l y r e d a n d o c h r e s a n d s t o n e , c o n g l o m e r a t e a n d m u d s t o n e . N o t e : T h e m a p s o f E n g i n e e r i n g G e o l o g y a r e M a p 4 . 2 - 3 a n d M a p 4 . 2 - 4 . 9 T K X 2 W a t e r - S a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n I n t e r m o f g e o l o g y , t h e p r o j e c t a r e a c a n b e c l a s s i f i e d i n t o 2 s e c t i o n s : S e c t i o n o f G e n e r a l P i p e l i n e a n d S e c t i o n o f F i e l d W o r k s . S e c t i o n o f G e n e r a l P i p e l i n e : T h e g e n e r a l p i p e l i n e w i l l b e b u i l t o v e r t i l t i n g g r a v e l p l a i n . T h e u n d u l a t i o n o f t h e g r o u n d i s r e l a t i v e l y h i g h . T h e l i t h o l o g y i s a m i x t u r e o f m o u s e c o l o r d e t r i t u s , a n d s a n d s o i l . T h e t h i c k n e s s i s a r o u n d 5 5 0 ~ 8 0 0 m . T h e g r o u n d w a t e r i s b u r i e d b e l o w 3 0 m u n d e r t h e g r o u n d . S e c t i o n o f F i e l d W o r k s : T h e p r o j e c t a c t i v i t i e s w i l l b e d o n e o v e r t h e t i l t i n g s o i l p l a i n . T h e l a n d f o r m i s r e l a t i v e l y f l a t . T h e l i t h o l o g y i s m a d e o f a l t e r n a t i v e l a y e r s o f s u b - c l a y , s u b - s a n d a n d m i d d l e c o a r s e s a n d . T h e r e i s a l s o a t h i c k l a y e r o f f i n e m a t e r i a l s . T h e g r o u n d w a t e r i s b u r i e d b e l o w 3 0 m u n d e r t h e g r o u n d . Page 133 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 1 3 2 1 0 T K X 3 A l a g o u M a i n C a n a l T h e s t r a t u m a l o n g t h e c a n a l f r o m s o u t h t o n o r t h i s m a d e m a i n l y o f ( i ) m a r b l e i z e d l i m e s t o n e a n d m e t a m o r p h i c r o c k s o f t h e S i l u r i a n S y s t e m , a n d ( i i ) p y r o c l a s t i c r o c k a n d t u f f a c e o u s s a n d s t o n e o f D e v o n i a n S y s t e m . T h e g r o u n d i s c o v e r e d b y a t h i c k l a y e r o f s a n d a n d g r a v e l s f r o m t h e v a l l e y e n t r a n c e t o t h e w a t e r h e a d o f A l a g o u C a n a l . T h e p e r m e a b i l i t y c o e f f i c i e n t i s a b o v e 1 × 1 0 - 3 c m / s . T h e s e e p a g e c a n a l w a t e r c a n r a p i d l y r e c h a r g e t h e g r o u n d w a t e r . T h e c a n a l s e e p a g e a n d t h e r e g i o n a l g r o u n d w a t e r w i l l n o t d a m a g e t h e c a n a l , a n d t h e r e i s n o p r o b l e m o f f r o s t h e a v i n g . T h e b a s i c e a r t h q u a k e i n t e n s i t y a t t h e e n g i n e e r i n g a r e a i s m a g n i t u d e V I I . T h e r e g i o n a l s t r u c t u r e i s r e l a t i v e l y s t a b l e . E a r t h q u a k e w i l l n o t h a v e m u c h i m p a c t o n t h e p r o j e c t . Page 134 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 133 4.2.1.2. Meteorology Table 4.2-3. Major Parameters of Meteorology in the Project 4.2.1.3. Hydrology The project will involve in 5 rivers – i.e. (i) Taerlang River, Meiyaogou River and Yaernaizi River at the northern part of Turpan, (ii) Ertanggou River at the northern part of Shanshan County and (iii) Alagou River at the western part of Tuokexun County. More details are presented in Annex Map 1. Table 4.2-4. Rivers Related with the Project River Water Source Total Length (km) Runoff (100 mln m 3 Description Shanshan County Turpan City South of Flaming Mountain North of Flaming Mountain Tuokexun County Information Source Turpan City Weather Station Shanshan County Weather Station Tuokexun County Weather Station Annual precipitation (mm) 16.6 17.6 25.3 6.3 Annual evaporation (mm) 2844.9 3216.16 2751 3744 Annual temperature ( ) 13.9 14.4 11.3 13.8 Mean temperature in July ( ) 32.6 33 29.2 32.3 Mean temperature in January ( ) -8.8 -9.8 -11.2 -9.3 Annual sunshine (h) 3056.4 2957.7 3122.8 3043.3 Annual total radiation (KCAL/cm 2 ) 139.5 150.4 150 10 accumulative temperature ( ) 5424.2 5548.9 4525.5 5334.9 Frost-free period (d) 224 224 192 219 Maximum frozen depth(cm) 84 90 87 Maximum wind speed (m/s) 25 29 34 Average wind speed (m/s) 1.5 4.8 5.6 Wind direction northwest northwest northwest Page 135 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 134 Turpan City Meiyaogou River Southern side of Bogeda Peak, Mt. Tianshan 45 0.81 Meiyaogou Reservoir will be constructed at the middle reaches of Meiyaogou River. It will intercept and retain floods for all the irrigation schemes in Turpan City. Taerlang River Eastern side of Bogeda Peak, Mt. Tianshan 50 0.79 Taerlang River will serve as the water source for the water-saving irrigation project in Turpan City. Yaernaizi River Collection of regional springs 38.6 0.71 The existing Yaernaizi Reservoir on Yaernaizi River will serve as the water source for the Aidinghu Township Sub- project under the frame of the water-saving irrigation project in Turpan City. Shanshan County Ertanggou River Southern side of Bogeda Peak, Mt. Tianshan 44.6 0.79 Ertanggou Reservoir will be constructed at the middle reaches of Ertanggou River. It will intercept and retain floods and winter water for the irrigation schemes in Shanshan County. Tuokexun County Alagou River Southern side of Geer Peak, Mt. Tianshan 60 1.22 Alagou Reservoir will be constructed at the middle and upper reaches of Alagou River. It will intercept and retain floods and winter water for the irrigation schemes in Tuokexun County. 4.2.1.4. Soils and Vegetation The field surveys indicated that the vegetation at the project area and the impacted areas was mainly natural vegetation, while the vegetation at the sites for canal anti-seepage engineering, water-saving engineering and Karez protection was mainly artificial vegetation. The information of soils and vegetation in the project area is illustrated in Table 4.2-5. Page 136 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 135 Table 4.2-5. Soils and Vegetation in the Project Area Project Soils Vegetation Turpan City Meiyaogou Reservoir brown desert soil and irrigation cultivated soil The very limited vegetation is built mainly of super-xeric shrubs and semi-shrubs. The vegetation coverage is less than 2 . The major species are An abasis, Portulaca oleracea, Sympegma regelii, Peganum harmala, Capparis spinosa, gramineous grasses, Tamarix chinensis and so on. Most of the vegetation is lower than 40cm. Water-Saving Irrigation brown desert soil It is a piece of Gobi desert almost without vegetation. Taerlang Branch Canal brown desert soil and irrigation cultivated soil The regional vegetation is mainly of artificial vegetation. The major crops are grapes, cotton and vegetables. The regional natural vegetation is very rare with the exception of some reeds, Phragmites australis, Alhagi sparsifolia, Sophora alopecuroides, Tamarix chinensis, Calligonum mongolicum and so on. The vegetation coverage is less than 10%. Karez Protection brown desert soil and irrigation cultivated soil The sites of common reinforcement are distributed at gravel desert, where the exposed lithology is mainly of grit stone. Almost no vegetation to be seen. The sites of key- point reinforcement are distributed in irrigation oasis. The vegetation is mainly of artificial vegetation. The major crops are grapes, melon + cotton and vegetables. Shanshan County Ertanggou Reservoir brown soil The project area is located in the remote place of middle and low mountains. The regional vegetation is mainly of natural vegetation. The species are mainly of xeric shrubs and semi-shrubs such as Caragana, Haloxylon ammodendron, Kochia prostrate, Anabasis, Bromus japonicus, Setaria viridis and so on. The vegetation coverage is around 15 . There is some farmland in the reservoir area. The main crops are maize, cotton, grapes, apricots, peaches, and walnut. Water-Saving Irrigation irrigation cultivated soil The major vegetation in the project area is built of cotton, grapes and other crops. Tree belts are planted around farmland and along roads and canals. The main species are poplar, elm and mulberry. Anti-seepage Reconstruction of Ertang Branch Canal brown desert soil All the sites for Kekeya Main Canal and Ertang Branch Canal as well as the new- construction sites of Kanerqi Branch Canal and Kekeya Branch Canal are distributed over Gobi desert. Some trees of embankment protection are planted along the canals. The main species are willows and elms. The deserty vegetation around is built mainly of Tamarix chinensis, Haloxylon ammodendron, Reaumuria soongonica, Salsola collina and so on. The vegetation coverage is around 20 . The engineering sites for Kekeya Branch Canal and Dalangkan Branch Canal will run through some farmland and tree belts. The trees along the canals are mostly willows, elms, walnuts, and Elaeagnus angustifolia. The soils are mainly of irrigation cultivated soil and fluvo-aquic soil. The vegetation coverage is 3~4%. The crops include maize, cotton, sunflower, grapes, apricots, peaches, walnuts and sweet melons. Tuokexun County Alagou Reservoir chestnut soil and brown soil The regional vegetation is made mainly of high-xeric plant clusters such as Ceratoides lateens, Ephedra przewalskii, Sympegma regelii and wooden Ajania pacifica. In addition, there are some super-xeric and semi-xeric shrubs and semi-shrubs mixed with miscellaneous grasses. The vegetation is 25~60cm in height and 15~40 in coverage. In addition to the artificial oasis vegetation, some natural secondary forests are scattered in valleys or sahdy slopes. The species on shady slopes mainly include Picea asperata and larix, while the species in valleys are mainly Populus laurifolia and hairy willow. Alagou Reservoir irrigation cultivated soil and brown soil The vegetation in the project areas in Yilahu and Guolebuyi townships is mainly artificial vegetation. The cultivated crops are grapes and other fruit trees. The vegetation in the project areas in Bositan Townships is also artificial vegetation. The main crops are peanuts, grapes and other fruit trees. The farmland is protected with windbreak networks. The main species are Elaeagnus angustifolia, elms and mulberry. The vegetation over desertified land is built mainly of Suaeda glauca, Capparis spinosa, Achnatherum splendens, Alhagi sparsifolia, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Zygophyllum xanthoxylum. The vegetation coverage is less than 10%. Alagou Main Canal brown desert soil The engineering sites are distributed over gravel Gobi desert. There is almost no vegetation to be seen, except some plants along the canals. The species elms, Tamarix chinensis and reeds. The vegetation coverage is less than 10%. Page 137 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 136 4.2.1.5. Terrestrial Animals 1 Projects of Reservoir Construction The engineering sites of reservoir construction are all in the mountainous areas. The surveys indicated that there was no rare or specially protected terrestrial animal in the engineering sites and the impacted areas, and no trace of large wild animal was observed. Table 4.2-6 presents the main terrestrial animals in the engineering sites and the impacted areas of the project. Table 4.2-6. Main Terrestrial Animals in the Engineering Sites and the Impacted Areas of the Project Notes: + refers the wild animal exists but not dominant species; ++ refers the wild animal is dominant species or common species 2 Projects of Water-Saving Irrigation The engineering sites for water-saving irrigation are distributed over farming areas. At these places, there is no rare or specially protected wild animal to be seen, except random observations of Lacerta agilis, Phylloscopus collybita sindianus, Musmusculus Linnaeus and some other small animals. 3Projects of Canal Construction and Improvement The engineering sites for canal construction and improvement are distributed over gravel Gobi desert. At these places and the around, there is no rare or specially protected wild animal to be seen, except random observations of Lacerta agilis, Lepus capensis, Phylloscopus collybita sindianus, Musmusculus linnaeus and some other small animals. 4.2.1.6. Aquatic Life The construction of reservoirs will probably impact the aquatic ecology in the project area. The rivers involved are Meiyaogou River, Ertanggou River and Alagou River. In accordance with the surveys by Xinjiang Aquiculture Institute in Sep 2008, the aquatic resources in these 3 rivers were basically the same. The survey results are summarized as follows: 1Phytoplankton Category Name Inundation Impacted Area Engineering Sites Valley downstream Dam Site Mus musculus + + ++ Beasts Meriones erythrourus Lichtenstein + + + Eremias vermiculata Blanford + + Amphibians and Reptiles Bufo viridis Laurenti + + Passer montanus Linnaeus + ++ Birds Corvus corone orientalis Eversmenn + + ++ Page 138 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 137 There were 19 species of phytoplankton in the 3 rivers, including 8 species in bacillariophyta (42%), 6 species in cyanophyta (32%) and 5 species in chlorophyta (26%). More details are illustrated in Table 4.2-6. Table 4.2-6. Name List of Phytoplankton Category Name M. guanulata var. angustissima f. spiralis Diatoma vulgare Fragilaria sp. F. capucina S. acus Cymatopleura solea GompHonema constrictum BacillariopHyta N. rhynchocepHala O. tenuis O. formosa Phormidium P. tenus P. corium CyanopHyta P. papyraceum U. aequalis ChaetopHora sp. Mougeotia sp. Spirogyra sp. p ChloropHyta CladopHora sp. p 2 Zooplankton There were 8 species of zooplankton in the 3 rivers, including 4 species of protozoa (50%), 2 species of wheel animalcule (25%) and 2 species of copepoda (25%). More details are illustrated in Table 4.2-7. Table 4.2-7. Name List of Zooplankton Category Name Strombidium uiride Amoeba radiosa Tintinopsis sp Protozoa Difflugia sp B. diversicornis Rotifera K. cochlearis Eucyclops sp. P Copepoda Copepodid Page 139 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 138 3Zoobenthos There were 3 species of zoobenthos in the 3 rivers. More details are illustrated in Table 4.2-8. Table 4.2-8. Name List of Zoobenthos EpHemeroptera Ecdyuridae sp. Odonata Gomphidae sp. Arthropoda Insecta Dipera Chironomidae 4Aquatic Plant Due to the hydrologic and geologic conditions, there was no aquatic plant growing in the rivers, except that some aquatic plants grew along the canals in the irrigation schemes downstream. They were reeds, Typha angustifolia and single-scaled water chestnut. 5Fishes In accordance with the records, indigenous fishes swam in most of the rivers in Turpan. They are Barbatula microphthalma, Nemachilus potaneni, Triplophysa stolioczkae and Triplophysa turpanensis. However, field surveys in the 3 rivers showed a limited amount of indigenous fishes in Ertanggou River. a. Composition and Distribution of Fish Resources In recent years, Meiyaogou River often dries up at the engineering site of the reservoir construction, and the aquatic habitat of fish resources has been seriously damaged. The fishes are concentrated in the permanent water section upstream the dam site. Seasonal drying takes place 4 km downstream the dam site of Ertanggou Reservoir. There is some water flow only in flooding period. In addition, a diversion gate was built across Ertanggou River 500 m downstream the dam, which has blocked fish passage. Therefore, fish resources in Ertanggou River should be distributed only upstream the diversion gate. Alagou River has larger and successive water flow. Some small fishes have been observed in the river section upstream the valley entrance. But, no indigenous fish was observed. The survey showed that there were 6 species of fish in Ertanggou River, including 4 species of indigenous fish. More details are illustrated in Table 4.2-9. Table 4.2-9. Name List of Fishes in Ertanggou River Fish Indigenous Fish Carassius auratus Pseudorasbora parva Barbatula microphthalma + Nemachilus minutes Li + Triplophysa turpanensis + Triplophysa stoliczkae + Page 140 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 139 b. Biological Characteristics of Indigenous Fish z\03 Barbatula microphthalma It is a benthic freshwater fish in cold water. Its habitat is at gentle and shallow water. The food resources are benthic invertebrates and algae. It is widely distributed in Tibetan Plateau. In Xinjiang, it is growing in Hami, Shanshan, Tuokexun, Turpan, Urumchi, Bowu, Jinghe, Kelamayi and so on. z\03 Nemachilus minutes Its habitat is at gentle and shallow water. The food resources are benthic invertebrates and algae. In Xinjiang, it is growing in Shanshan, Turpan, Tuokexun, Bole, Jinghe, Kelamayi and so on. z\03 Triplophysa turpanensis Its habitat is at shallow water close to the bank. The food resources are mainly diatoms, ulothrix and Cladophora, and sometimes zooplankton and Benthos is taken as food. In Xinjiang, it is growing in Shanshan, Turpan and Urumchi. This species is of higher value of protection. z\03 Triplophysa stoliczkae It is a benthic freshwater fish in cold water. Its habitat is the gravel spaces at shallow water close to the bank. The food resources are algae (such as filamentous algae and diatoms), plant crumbs and Benthos. It is growing in a wide scope from low elevation such as Turpan to Longmucuo Hot Spring (5200 m above sea level) in Tibet. c. Reproductive Characteristics of the Indigenous Fish Table 4.2-25. Sites of Food Hunting, Over-wintering and Egg-laying Fish Site of Food Hunting Site of Over-wintering Site of Egg-laying Barbatula microphthalma Gravels close to riverbank Gravel gaps close to riverbank At quite places of riverbed of sand and gravels Nemachilus minutes Gentle and shallow water Gravel gaps close to riverbank On gravel or plant stem Triplophysa turpanensis Shallow water close to riverbank Gravel gaps close to riverbank Underneath gravels at gentle flow close to riverbank Triplophysa stoliczkae Gravel spaces in shallow water close to riverbank Gravel gaps close to riverbank On gravel or plant stem Table 4.2-26. Reproductive Characteristics Fish Food Migration? Reproductive Month Reproductive Water Temperature ( ) Barbatula microphthalma benthic invertebrates and algae No 6 7 3 5 Nemachilus minutes benthic invertebrates and algae No 7 10 16 Page 141 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 140 Triplophysa turpanensis diatoms, ulothrix and Cladophora, and zooplankton No 5 6 12 16 Triplophysa stoliczkae algae and Benthos No 5 7 4 6 \03 As can be observed in the above, the indigenous fishes do not have fixed sites of food hunting, over-wintering and egg-laying. Any places in water with gentle flow and suitable temperature can serve as their habitats. Of the 4 indigenous fishes, Barbatula microphthalma, Nemachilus minutes and Triplophysa stoliczkae are widely distributed in the rivers at the south of the Mt. Tianshan, while Triplophysa turpanensis can be observed only in the waters in Turpan, Shanshan and Urumchi, Xinj iang. That’s why T. turpanensis has higher value of protection. Therefore, the construction of Ertanggou Reservoir is involved in the “natural habitat” policy of the World Bank. 4.2.1.7. Radioactive Substance In accordance with the survey, there are some radioactive substances 0.5 km upstream the dam site of Alagou Reservoir. This was the place where the residues from the previous Yuegou Coal Mine and Mine-505 were stacked. The tailings and spoil content 3 radioactive substances such as uranium, thorium and radium-226. The residues are the small quantity of tailings and spoil mixed in the sand and gravels on riverbed after clearance. The radioactivity dosage is small. It is planned to have the production area and living quarter for the reservoir construction 2 km downstream the dam site. The water source will be Alagou River. Considering the tailings and spoil mixed in the sand and gravels on riverbed and their possible impact on water quality, Xinjiang Radiation Institute was contracted by the employer for radiation monitoring in Yuergou waters. The monitoring data are illustrated in Table 4.2-27. Table 4.2-27. The Concentration of Natural Radionuclides and the Specific Activity of Total and in Water Bodies No. 1 2 3 4 5 Water Type Well Mine Water Yuergou River Water Yuergou River Water Tap Water (Alagou) Water Sampling Site Living Quarter of Mine-2 Within Mine-2 Beside the Living Quarter of Mine-2 Under Railway Bridge At Ertuan Headquarter Sampling Time (2008) 26 th Sep 26 th Sep 26 th Sep 26 th Sep 27 th Sep Uranium (ug/l) 4.12 1.67 4.10 5.72 7.67 Thorium (ug/l 0.20 1.85 0.596 0.20 0.20 Radium-226 (10 -2 Bq/l) 2.42 6.92 4.19 1.07 0.593 Potassium-40 (10 -1 Bq/l) 0.754 7.00 0.520 0.510 1.01 Specific Activity of Total (10 -1 Bq/l) 1.45 2.42 6.36 4.70 1.13 Specific Activity of (10 - 1 Bq/l) 1.04 6.05 7.40 1.07 1.93 \03 Page 142 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 141 As can be observed in Table 4.2-27, the concentration of natural radionuclides (uranium, thorium, radium-226 and potassium-40) as well as the specific activity of t otal and in the water samples were normal background level. The concentration of uranium, thorium and radium-226 was below the national limits for drinking water (the national limits for drinking water are uranium -- 50 ug/l, thorium -- 100 ug/l and radium-226 -- 1.11 Bq/l. From the viewpoint of Radiation hygiene, the water in Yuergou District is safe water. 4.2.2. General Information of Social Environment 4.2.2.1. Present Situation of Land Use The information of land use in the project area is presented in Table 4.2-28. Table 4.2-28. Land Use in the Project Area (unit: 1000 ha) Turpan City Shanshan County Tuokexun County Total Land 1573.80 3831.54 1566.00 Total 299.36 305.56 283.15 Farmland 15.15 13.31 16.77 Fruit Plantation 9.11 7.37 0.51 Forest Land 14.97 11.08 9.85 Grassland 226.81 257.40 245.48 Land for Industries and Houses 19.79 7.00 4.11 Land for Transportation 3.18 3.67 2.31 Land in Use Water Surface 10.35 5.73 4.12 Total 1274.44 3525.98 1282.85 Reclamation Potential Land 69.04 60.71 46.57 Not-yet-used Land Waste Land 1205.40 3465.27 1236.28 Information source: Planning Report for the Construction of Water-Saving Society of Turpan Prefecture. 4.2.2.2. General Information of Resettlement The people to be impacted by the construction of Ertanggou Reservoir will resettle in Handunkanbakaner Village of Lianmuxin Township of Shanshan County. The resettlement area is 15 km from the reservoir area, 40 km from Lainmuxin Township and 5 km from Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway. Handunkanbakaner Village is a village of 300 years ’ history with complete facilities of production and livelihood. Nowadays, the 153 villagers (all Uygur people) in 30 households have 300 mu of farmland and a primary school (one teacher, 10 pupils and 4 classrooms). The per capita annual net income in 2007 was RMB 4200. The ambient environment of the resettlement area is Gobi Desert, and the type of present land use is deserty grassland. The vegetation coverage on this barren ground is very limited – only around 5%. In accordance with the field survey, there is no environmental sensitive target within and near the resettlement area. Page 143 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 142 4.2.2.3. Present Situation of Cultural Resources in the Project Area In accordance with the survey, the cultural relics in the project area are all ordinary relics. The present situation of cultural resources in the project area is illustrated in Table 4.2-29. Table 4.2-29. Present Situation of Cultural Resources in the Project Area Relics Distribution Quantity (set) Elevation (m) Relative Location to the Project Site Remarks Ertanggou Reservoir In Shanshan County Margin of the 2 n d terrace at the eastern side of Ertanggou River 2 1474 0.9 km upstream the dam site 444.2 577.5 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 Margin of the 2 nd terrace at the western side of Ertanggou River 6 1475 1.6 km upstream the dam site 444.2 548.8 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 Margin of the 2 nd terrace at the western side of Ertanggou River 6 1473 0.5 km upstream the dam site Including 2 sets stolen Ancient Tomb Inside of the 2 nd terrace at the western side of Ertanggou River 6 1475 1.7 km upstream the dam site 444.2 491.6 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 Ancient Residential Site Margin of the 2 n d terrace at the western side of Ertanggou River 1 1474 1.0 m upstream the dam site 30m long from south to north and 10m wide from east to west with total area of 300m 2 Petroglyphs Margin of the 2 nd terrace at the western side of Ertanggou River 1 1474 1.1m upstream the dam site Chiseled on an independent black pebble that is 1.5m long, 1m wide and 0.7m high Alagou Reservoir in Tuokexun County Ancient Tomb Margin of the 3rd terrace at the northern side of Alagou River 33 932 upstream the dam site Some stolen 4.3 Regional Environment 4.3.1. Natural Environment 1 Extreme Deficiency in Water Resources Due to the dry climate, the water resources in Turpan Prefecture are of extreme deficiency. The per capita water resources availability amounts to 1252, 1660 and 4186 cubic meters in Turpan City, Shanshan County and Tuokexun County, respectively. They are lower than Xinjiang ’s average (6461 m 3 per capita). In terms of the per unit area, the water availability in Turpan City, Shanshan County and Tuokexun County amounts to 673, 1023 and 2204 m 3 /mu, respectively. In the contrast, the water availability in Xinjiang and China is 1725 and 1752 m 3 /mu, respectively. In particular, due to the extreme deficiency in water resources, Shanshan County and Tuokexun County have over-exploited the groundwater resources at some places. The economic development and people’s livelihood have been seriously impacted in Turpan Prefecture. 2 Uneven Distribution of Water Resources Page 144 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 143 The agricultural production in Turpan Prefecture is a pure type of irrigation agriculture. The contradictions between supply and demand for water resources are concentrated mainly in spring and autumn. In Xinjiang, the amount of surface water resources declines from west to east and from north to south, while the irrigated area declines from east to west and from south to north. The irrigated area of Tuokexun County and Shanshan County amounts for 25.5% and 36.6% of the total in Turpan Prefecture, respectively. On the contrast, Kumutage desertified area covers 54.2% of the total territory in Turpan Prefecture, but its surface water only amounts to 5.29 million cubic meters (0.9% of the total in Turpan Prefecture). Of the total precipitation, summer rainfall amounts for 77% of yearly total. Generally speaking, the water resources in Turpan Prefecture are unevenly distributed in the terms of both space and time. 3 Increasing Exploitation of Groundwater Resources The groundwater here refers to shallow grassland, deep grassland spring water and Karez water. Tuokexun County mainly exploits the shallow groundwater and deep groundwater (75%), and the exploitation of the Karez water only amounts for 19% of the total. Turpan City mainly exploits the shallow groundwater and spring water (82%), and the exploitation of the Karez water only amounts for 18% of the total. The exploitation of shallow + deep groundwater, spring water and Karez water in Shanshan county amounts for 65%, 22% and 13%, respectively. With the increasing exploitation of the groundwater resources, the water table keeps lowering further, some of the Karez have dried up, the vegetation coverage is shrinking and the regional desertification is becoming more serious. 4 Serious Desertification and Fragile Eco-environment Force 8 gales visit Turpan Prefecture frequently. Tuokexun County suffers from big winds 108 days in a year. Force 11 storm winds blows 1~2 times/year. Force 12 hurricanes have happened twice. Most territory of Turpan Prefecture is covered by Gobi desert, the forest coverage only amounts for 1.1%, the ecological environment is fragile, and desertification is very serious. Human activities are concentrated in the oasis plains. 5 Flood Hazards Due to the short flow distance and high gradient, there would be a flood whenever there is a heavy rain. A flood surges up and drops down sharply with sudden swift current. Therefore, it is very destructive. However, the infrastructure of flood prevention is rather weak. Except Kekeya Reservoir and newly-constructed Kanerqi Reservoir in Shanshan Count, there is no cross-river hydraulic structure on the other rivers. 4.3.2. Social Environment 1 Low Efficiency of Water Resources The surface water efficiency in Turpan Prefecture is 50%~60%. On the rivers, the number of controlling hydraulic structures is small. On most of the rivers, water diversion depends on low barriers. The storage capacity of the reservoirs at plains is small, and the capacity of water storage and distribution is low. There are problems that Page 145 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 144 the diverged water in flooding period is not efficiently used, while the water demands at dry period cannot be satisfied. In addition, the existing hydraulic structures are quite aged and the auxiliary facilities are not completed. The efficiency of water resources is low. 2 Unreasonable Structure of Agricultural Production The agricultural production in Turpan Prefecture definitely depends on irrigation. The cultivation of grain crops covers too large a proportion of irrigated land. The percentage of grain crops, cotton, grapes and vegetables + sweet melons is 30%, 40%, 23% and 1.3%~3.5%, respectively. The coverage of vegetables + sweet melons is a bit too small. There is basically no pasture, and the natural grassland is seriously degrading. Around 51.8% of the natural grassland in Turpan Prefecture is in a status of water shortage or serious water shortage. Dryness is the major cause of grassland degradation. Artificial activities have accelerated the process of grassland degradation, the activities such as over-grazing, unreasonable structure and distribution of livestock, farmland reclamation, mining, herbal medicine digging and groundwater exploitation. 3 Decreasing Number of Karez The number and scale of Karez is becoming smaller, since (i) groundwater resources is over-pumped by tube wells and water table is lowered, (ii) upstream water is intercepted by reservoirs for less recharge to Karez, and (iii) the management and maintenance of Karez is becoming neglected due to focus shifting to water diversion, tube wells and other modern hydraulic structures. 4 Problem of Ecological Resettlement The ecological resettlement in Turpan Prefecture originates mainly from 3 causes: (i) more and more Karez are drying or flow less water, (ii) more and more farmland is becoming secondary saline soils to refuse cultivation and (iii) wind erosion and desertification. If the groundwater table keeps lowering, more and more Karez which the local people depend on will dry up and the problem of ecological resettlement will continue. 5 Improper Distribution and Management of Hydraulic Structures With the painstaking efforts for hydraulic construction for years, irrigation networks have been upgraded, and varieties of hydraulic structures of diversion, retaining and pumping have been constructed in Turpan Prefecture. The hydraulic structures nowadays include reservoirs, water heads, canal systems, Karez, springs, artesian wells and tube wells. However, the number of controlling hydraulic structures on rivers is very small, so that the problems of dry spring, flooding summer and water-deficient autumn are serious. The surface water resources are not efficiently used and water loss in delivery is high. In addition, there are some other problems in water management, such as emphasizing the construction of hydraulic structures but neglecting the management, emphasizing the construction of primary structures but neglecting the construction of auxiliary structures. As a result, efficient systems of operation and management have not yet established only to lower the efficiency of the hydraulic structures. 5Problems in Pest Management Page 146 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 145 Through field investigations and interviews of all the levels, it is further clarified that: Although the eco-system is complex and many crops are cultivated in Turpan Prefecture, there is not much pest incident due to the climatic conditions of extraordinary heating dryness. Insects are the major pests and insecticides are the main chemicals in pest control. There are following problems of insect pest control against environment in Turpan Prefecture: (i) Dependence on chemical control. This is true especially for large areas of monocultured cops such as cotton; (ii) Harmful chemicals and their packing materials are often not properly managed. There exist some potential hazards against safety; (iii) At limited individual cases, the use of high-toxicity chemicals is observed; (iv) The enforcement of the legal regulations on the sales and good labeling practice for agricultural chemicals is insufficiently implemented; (v) The farmers and even some technicians are not sufficiently aware of the importance of IPM; and (vi) The awareness of safety use of pesticides is not sufficient. 4.4. Environmental Impact Assessment in the Project Area 4.4.1. Water Environment 1 Surface Water Quality Survey Method The information of surface water quality was available in the Water Monitoring Center under Xinjiang Hydrological Bureau and Turpan Prefecture Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources Survey. The information of conventional monitoring on Alagou River water is the data in 2007 from Alagou Hydrological Station. Since no pollution source has ever been added along Alagou River since 2007 the annual variation of Alagou riverwater quantity is small, the achieved information can present the current situation of Alagou riverwater quantity. The details are illustrated in Table 4.4-3. Since there was no ready information available of the water quality in Meiyaogou River, Ertanggou River, Yaernaizigou River and Taerlang River, field measurements were done and the details are presented in Table 4.4-1 till Table 4.4-4. Monitoring Factors The monitoring factors included pH, COD Mn , BOD 5, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, mercury, copper, cadmium, iron, lead, zinc, fluoride, arsenic, hexavalent chrome, cyanide, volatile phenol, Anionic surfactants and so on. Monitoring Method Single-factor evaluation method was employed to monitor the riverwater quality in the project area. The monitoring data from each of the monitoring sites were compared with the assessment criteria designated to see whether the parameter could satisfy the due function. Standard of Water Quality Evaluation Page 147 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 146 In accordance with the regionalization of water environment functions in Xinjiang, the water quality in the monitoring rivers should be Grade-II. Therefore, the criteria for Grade-II in Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002) were employed. Monitoring Results The monitoring results are illustrated from Table 4.4-1 to Table 4.4-6. . Monitoring Meiyaogou River Water Quality On the 11 th Sep 2008, the Water Monitoring Center under Xinjiang Hydrological Bureau monitored the water quality at the cross section of Meiyaogou dam site. The details are illustrated in Table 4.4-1. In studying the water quality monitoring data at Meiyaogou dam site, it was observed that the content of total phosphorus was above the limit only on the 11 th July 2007, and it was the impact of floods. Generally speaking, the water quality of Meiyaogou River is up to the Grade-II. Page 148 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 1 4 7 T a b l e 4 . 4 - 1 . M o n i t o r i n g D a t a o f W a t e r Q u a l i t y a t t h e R i v e r S e c t i o n R e l a t e d w i t h t h e C o n s t r u c t i o n o f M e i y a o g o u R e s e r v o i r ( u n i t : m g / l ) P a r a m e t e r ( m g / L ) , M e i y a o g o u D a m S i t e 1 1 - S e p - 0 8 2 1 - M a r - 0 7 1 1 - J u l - 0 7 6 - N o v - 0 7 E n v i r o n m e n t a l Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d s f o r S u r f a c e W a t e r ( G B 3 8 3 8 - 2 0 0 2 ) F a c t o r R e s u l t Q u a l i f i e d o r n o t R e s u l t Q u a l i f i e d o r n o t R e s u l t Q u a l i f i e d o r n o t R e s u l t Q u a l i f i e d o r n o t 167.0 608.5 8.5 4.2 90 : \02 p H ( d i m e n s i o n l e s s ) 7 . 8 8 8 . 2 8 6 . 9 d i s s o l v e d o x y g e n 1 0 1 0 1 0 . 1 1 3 . 2 6 P e r m a n g a n a t e I n d e x 0 . 5 0 . 8 1 . 1 0 . 7 4 C O D c r < 1 0 2 . 6 8 . 2 5 1 5 B O D 5 0 . 2 0 . 9 1 . 2 0 . 2 3 a m m o n i a n i t r o g e n ( N H 3 - N ) < 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 5 0 . 4 4 0 . 0 2 5 0 . 5 t o t a l p h o s p h o r u s ( b y P ) 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 3 7 × 0 . 0 1 0 . 1 c o p p e r < 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 0 z i n c < 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 1 . 0 f l u o r i d e ( b y F ) 0 . 0 7 0 . 1 2 0 . 1 0 . 1 3 1 . 0 a r s e n i c 0 . 0 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 3 5 0 . 0 0 3 5 0 . 0 0 3 5 0 . 0 5 t o t a l m e r c u r y < 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 0 5 H e x a v a l e n t c h r o m i u m < 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 5 l e a d < 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 1 c y a n i d e < 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 5 v o l a t i l e p h e n o l < 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 2 A n i o n i c s u r f a c t a n t s < 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 2 F e c a l c o l i f o r m s 2 3 0 p c / L 4 5 p c / L 2 3 0 p c / L 2 3 0 p c / L Limits in Grade-II 2 0 0 0 p c / L N o t e : “ < ” r e f e r s t o “ e x c e e d i n g t h e l i m i t o f t h e m o n i t o r i n g i n s t r u m e n t ” ; “ — ” r e f e r s t o “ e x c e e d i n g t h e l i m i t o f t h e m o n i t o r i n g i n s t r u m e n t a n d l e s s t h a n t h e v a l u e f o r G r a d e - I I ” Page 149 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 148 . Monitoring Ertanggou River Water Quality In Sep 2008, the Water Monitoring Center under Xinjiang Hydrological Bureau monitored the water quality at the cross section of Ertanggou dam site. The information is to present the status in the rich water period. The data of 2004 from Ertanggou Hydrological Station 0.9 km downstream the dam site was taken as the water information at the dry period. Since no pollution source has ever been added from Ertanggou Hydrological Station to the dam site since 2004, the water quality monitored by Ertanggou Hydrological Station in 2004 can represent the present situation. Table 4.4-2. Monitoring Data of Water Quality at Ertanggou Hydrological Station and Ertanggou Dam Site in Shanshan County (unit: mg/L) Parameter (mg/L) Factor Ertanggou Hydrological Station, November 2004 Ertanggou Dam Site, September 2008 Grade-II pH (dimensionless) 8 Qualified 7.6 Qualified 6.9 dissolved oxygen — not monitored 9.1 Qualified 6 Permanganate Index — not monitored 3.7 Qualified 4 COD cr 11.4 not qualified 12 Qualified 15 BOD 5 — not monitored 1.4 Qualified 3 ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) 0.36 Qualified <0.05 Qualified 0.5 total phosphorus (by P) — not monitored 0.01 Qualified 0.1 copper <0.01 Qualified <0.01 Qualified 1 zinc <0.04 Qualified <0.04 Qualified 1 fluoride (by F) 0.05 Qualified 0.05 Qualified 1 total arsenic <0.0002 Qualified <0.0002 Qualified 0.05 total mercury <0.00001 Qualified <0.00001 Qualified 0.00005 cadmium — not detected — not detected 0.005 Hexavalent chromium <0.004 Qualified <0.004 Qualified 0.05 lead <0.01 Qualified <0.01 Qualified 0.01 cyanide <0.004 Qualified <0.004 Qualified 0.05 volatile phenol <0.002 Qualified <0.002 Qualified 0.002 Anionic surfactants <0.02 Qualified <0.02 Qualified 0.2 Fecal coliforms — not monitored 230 pc/L Qualified 1000 pc/L sulfate (by SO 4 2- ) 14.9 Qualified 25.2 Qualified 250 chloride (by CI - ) 2.96 Qualified 4.47 Qualified 250 iron 0.04 Qualified <0.03 Qualified 0.3 manganese <0.01 Qualified <0.01 Qualified 0.1 nitrate nitrogen (by N) 1.15 Qualified 1.12 Qualified 10 Note: “<” refers to “exceeding the limit of the monitoring instrument”; “—” refers to “exceeding the limit of the monitoring instrument and less than the value for Grade-II” As can be observed in Table 4.4-2, the monitored data are in line with the Grade-II. This indicates that the water quality related with the project is good enough to satisfy its due functions. . Monitoring Alagou River Water Quality Page 150 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 149 The water quality monitoring information from Turpan Prefecture Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources Survey is presented in Table 4.4-3. Table 4.4-3. Monitoring Data of Water Quality Related with Alagou Reservoir Construction, Water-Saving Irrigation and Main Canal Construction at Tuokexun County As can be observed in Table 4.4-3, the monitored data of the water quality in Alagou are in line with the Grade-II. . Water Quality Monitoring related with Water-Saving Irrigation On the 11 th Sep 2008, the Water Monitoring Center under Xinjiang Hydrological Bureau monitored the water quality at the water heads of Taerlang Main Canal and Yaernaizi Reservoir. The details are illustrated in Table 4.4-4. It was observed that the water quality at Taerlang Main Canal and Yaernaizi Reservoir are in line with the criteria for Grade-II in Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002) Table 4.4-3 Results of Water Quality Monitoring and Evaluation (mg/l) No. Items Results Class-1 Class-2 Results Page 151 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 150 Table 4.4-4 Results of Water Quality Monitoring and Evaluation relating to Water-saving Irrigation Project and Taerlang Branch Canal Subprojects of Turpan City At the Cross-section of Headwork of Taerlang Main Canal At the Cross-section of the Canal Headwork of Yaernaizi Reservoir Monitoring Indicators Limitations for Class-II Water as per the National Standard for Surface Water Quality (GB3838- 2002) (mg/l) Monitored Result (mg/l) Classification based on Monitoring Monitored Result (mg/l) Classification based on Monitoring PH 6~9 7.7 II 8.0 II DO >=6 10 II 9.5 II COD CT <=15 <10 II <10 II BOD 5 <=3 0.1 II 1.1 II NH 3 -N <=0.5 0.08 II 0.29 II Total P <=0.1 0.54 II 0.02 II Cu <=1.0 <0.01 II <0.01 II Zn <=1.0 <0.04 II <0.04 II F - <=1.0 <0.004 II 0.38 II Se <=0.01 <0.0003 II <0.0003 II As <=0.05 <0.0002 II <0.0002 II Hg <=0.00005 <0.00001 II <0.00001 II Cr 6+ <=0.05 <0.004 II <0.004 II Pb <=0.01 <0.01 II <0.01 II Volatile Phenol <=0.05 <0.004 II <0.004 II Cyanides <=0.002 <0.002 II <0.002 II Anionic Surfactants <=0.2 <0.02 II <0.02 II Coli-groups <=2000/l 230/l II 230/l II Evaluation Conclusion In accordance with the monitoring results, each of the project rivers was good in water quality. The criteria in Grade-II of Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002) were satisfied. Except the fact that the water in Taerlang River nowadays cannot satisfy the quality requirements in the regionalized water functional zone, the other water systems can satisfy the water quality requirements in the specified RWFZ. However, the water in Taerlang River can satisfy the quality requirements for irrigation. Table 4.4-5 \03 Monitoring and Evaluation of Water Quality in the Project Rivers Water System Monitoring Site Monitoring Time Target of Water Quality Current Status of Water Quality Meiyaogou River Dam site of Meiyaogou Reservoir Taerlang River Water head of Taerlang Main Canal Turpan City Yaernaizi Reservoir Outlet of Yaernaizi Reservoir Shanshan County Ertanggou River Dam site of Ertanggou Reservoir Sep. 2008 Tuokexun County Alagou River Alagou Hydrological Station Oct. 2007 2 Groundwater Quality Page 152 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 151 The data for evaluating the groundwater quality in this project are the monitoring achievements of the local water resources bureaus in the Program for Constructing Water- Saving Society in Turpan Prefecture. Turpan City The groundwater resources of Turpan City are located in the Northern Basin and Southern Basin. The groundwater downstream Shengjin Township is of good quality with mineralization of 0.38~0.6g/L in the type of HCO 3 -SO 4 (CL). The groundwater at the northern part in the Southern Basin (incl. Yaer, Putao, Qiatekale and Aidinghu townships) is of good quality with mineralization <1g/L in the type of HCO 3 -SO 4 (CL). The water quality in the above areas can satisfy the requirements for drinking, agricultural production and industrial development. The groundwater downstream Shengjin Township as well as in Aidinghu, Qiatekale, Erpu and Sanpu townships gradually becomes 3~10g/L in type of SO4- CL or CL-SO4. This water cannot serve as drinking water, but can be used for agricultural production and industrial development. The groundwater quality at the southern part of the Southern Basin (incl. the places downstream Aidinghu, Qiatekale, Erpu and Sanpu townships) is poor. The bitter water has mineralization of 10~50g/L in type of SO 4 -CL or CL-SO 4 . It cannot satisfy the requirements for drinking, agricultural production or industrial development. However, the water from tube wells deeper than 100 m is of good quality and can satisfy the requirements for drinking, agricultural production and industrial development. The water around and in the Aidinghu Lake is of poor quality with mineralization as high as 8.5g/L in the type of Cl water. It is definitely not drinkable. Shanshan County Shanshan County is located in dry inland basin. Due to intensive evaporation, the water is of sophisticated chemical compositions. There are 7 types of water in Shanshan County such as HCO 3 -SO 4 -Ca-Na, HCO 3 -SO 4 - Na – Ca, SO 4 -CL-Na-Ca, SO 4 -CL-Na, CL-SO 4 -HCO 3 -Na- Ca and CL-SO 4 -Na-Ca. At the mid-upper sections of the diluvial fan of the Northern Basin, the groundwater is of good drinking water. It contains multiple beneficial micro-elements such as copper, zinc, manganese, iodine and so on. The contents of harmful elements are below the limits. At the front margin of the diluvial fan, the total hardness and mineralization as well as the contents of sulfate, chloride and nitrate in the shallow groundwater exceed the limits. It cannot be used for drinking, agricultural production or industrial development. The ground water quality in the Southern Basin is not as good as that in the Northern Basin. This especially refers to the shallow ground water. This poor water is sophisticated chemical compositions and high in mineralization with many indicators above the limits. However, the quality of deep confined water is good. The mineralization is less than 1g/L with very limited indicators above the limits. It can basically serve as drinking water. Tuokexun County The chemical features of the ground water in Tuokexun Plain are of typical zonal distribution, depending on the topography, landscape and lithology as well as the replenishment source. Page 153 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 152 In horizontal distribution, the ground water is replenished from the west of the Plain, where the water is good quality drinking water with low mineralization in the type of HCO 3 - Ca·Na. With the water going deeper into the fine soil belt in the Plain, due to the gentle gradient, shallow location and high mineralization, the water quality is not as good as in the western part. The water type here is HCO 3 -SO 4 -Ca·Mg·Na. The ground water quality is lowering, running from the county town to Ningxiagong District. The content of CL-SO 4 increased remarkably with mineralization as high as 11.89g/L in type CL·SO 4 -Na. In vertical distribution, from surface ground water to shallow confined water to deep confined water, the mineralization becomes higher and the water chemical compositions become simpler. In accordance with Geological Investigation Report on the Water Supply Sites for Tuokexun Thermal Power Station, the chemical features from the surface ground water to shallow confined water to deep confined water at the water supply sites changes from SO 4 ·CL-Ca·Na to HCO 3 ·SO 4 -Na·Ca to HCO 3 -Na·Ca, while the mineralization changes from 2.28g/L to 0.16g/L; the chemical features of the ground water at Hedong Water Supply Site changes from SO 4 ·HCO 3 -Ca·Na to HCO 3 ·SO 4 -Na·Ca; the chemical features of the ground water at the northern part of Jigedai changes from SO 4 ·HCO 3 -Ca·Na to HCO 3 ·SO 4 - Na·Ca to HCO 3 -Ca·Na with mineralization from 0.825g/L to 0.288g/L. 4.4.2 Present Status of Air Environment Table 4.4-6 \03 Present Status of Air Environment in the Project Area Project Category Present Status of Air Environment Reservoirs The engineering-impacted sites are located at mountainous rural areas, where there is no large industrial unit or air pollution source. The present status of the regional environmental air quality is kept basically at the benchmark level. Water-Saving Irrigation The project townships take agriculture as the leading business, where there is no industrial unit and the local residents live scattered. Therefore, the present status of air quality at the engineering sites is kept basically at the benchmark level of natural conditions. Canal Construction and Improvement The engineering sites are all distributed in the countryside with limited number of residents and without any industrial unit nearby. Therefore, the benchmark status of air environment is good, the capacity of air self cleaning is high, and it is a natural status of basically no pollution. Karez Protection The engineering sites are in the countryside. There is no resident or industrial unit 500 m close to the engineering sites. Therefore, the present status of air quality at the engineering sites is kept basically at the benchmark level of natural conditions. 4.4.3 Present Status of Acoustic Environment Table 4.4-7 \03 Present Status of Acoustic Environment in the Project Area Project Category Present Status of Acoustic Environment Reservoirs The engineering-impacted sites are located at rural areas, where there is basically no industrial unit. The sites are away from highway and there is limited acoustic impact from transportation. Therefore, the present status of the regional acoustic environment is kept basically at the benchmark level. Page 154 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 153 Water-Saving Irrigation The project area is located in the countryside. The number of local residents and the vehicle flow rate in transportation are limited. Therefore, the present status of the regional acoustic environment is kept basically at the benchmark level. Canal Construction and Improvement The project area is located in the countryside. The number of local residents is limited, and there is no industrial unit nearby. Therefore, the present status of the acoustic environment is kept basically at the benchmark level. Karez Protection The project sites are all in the country side. The major source of noise is the traffic noise on highway. However, the vehicle flow rate in the project area is very limited. Therefore, the present status of the acoustic environment is kept basically at the benchmark level. 4.5 Basic Information of Attentional Issues on the Safety Guarantee Policy of the World Bank Upon selecting and recognizing the relation between the project and the 10 items of safety guarantee policy of the World Bank, the following 7 items were observed to be relatated with the environmental policy concerning to the World Bank loan water-saving project in Turpan Prefecture. They are environment impact assessment (OP4.01), natural habitats (OP 4.04), pest management (OP 4.09), dam safety (OP 4.37), physical cultural resources (OP 4.11). The basic information is described as follows: 1Environment impact assessment (OP4.01) In accordance with the requirements of environment selection and classification in environment impact assessment (OP4.01) of the World Bank safety guarantee policy, this project is classified as Grade-A on the basis of the type, location, sensitivity and scale of the project as well as the characteristics and scope of the potential environment impact. 2Natural habitat (O P 4.04) In accordance with the fish survey in Ertanggou water system by Xinjiang Aquicultural Institute, the indigenous fish included Barbatula microphthalma, Nemachilus potaneni, Triplophysa stolioczkae and Triplophysa turpanensis. The construction of Ertanggou Reservoir in this project will generate some impact on the indigenous fish in Ertanggou water system. Therefore, the construction of Ertanggou Reservoir touches the item of “natural habitat” of the World Bank safety guarantee policy. 3Pest management (OP 4.09) The improvement of water-saving irrigation is one of the components of the project. Since the project area is the most important production base for grapes, muskmelons and other fruits of local specialty, pesticides are used. In normal years, the quantity of pesticide application is relatively small. With the improvement of irrigation patterns, there will be a possibility that the quantity of pesticide application will increase. Therefore, the project implementation will be involved in the policy of “pest management”. For this, Pest Management Plan has been formulated. 4Forests (OP/BP 4.36) There is no project activity in a forest. Page 155 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 154 5Dam Safety (OP 4.37) The project includes the construction of 3 dams and reservoirs. These are the additions to the existing 18 reservoirs (Table 4.5-1). Of the above 18 reservoirs, any dam-break in the 4 of them would destroy all the structures in the project and result in the investment failure (Table 4.5-2). Therefore, the project gets involved in the policy of dam safety (OP/ 4.37). The project office has checked and evaluated the technical situation of the 4 dams, and the details are illustrated in Report of Dam Safety. After the identification of the dams possibly related with the project, the basic information of the above has been submitted to the World Bank. Upon the selection and identification in the project EIA, the dams and reservoirs related with the project are illustrated in Table 4.5-3. In June 2008, World Bank Loan Funded Turpan Water-saving Irrigation Project Office of Turpan Prefecture, Shanshan County Bureau of Water Resources, Tuokexun County Bureau of Water Resources and Turpan City Bureau of Water Resources jointly contracted Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute (or Dam Safety Management Center under Ministry of Water Resource) to evaluate the safety of the relevant dams. The expert team of dam safety concluded: Of the 4 dams related with the project, 3 of them were at safety grade, while the other was in Safety Grade-B. The dam safety was checked according to the methodology from the World Bank. The World Bank together with the project offices at prefecture and county levels will supervise the dam strengthening to make sure that the dams will satisfy the policy requirement of OP 4.37. The details are illustrated in Report of Dam Safety. After identifying the dams possibly related with the project, the basic information has been submitted to the World Bank. In Nov. 2007, expertise of the World Bank made safety evaluation of the related dams. 6Physical cultural resources (OP 4.11) In accordance with the surveys by Xinjiang Bureau of Cultural Relics throughout the project area, there are cultural relics in the construction areas of Ertanggou Reservoir and Alagou Reservoir. In addition, the project activities of Karez protection are involved in physical cultural heritage. T herefore, this project construction is related with the policy of “physical cultural resources”. 7Involuntary resettlement (OP4.12) The construction of Ertanggou Reservoir is involved in resettlement issue. By the year of planning horizon, 98 people (all Uygur ethnic people) will be resettled. Therefore, this project will touch the policy of “involuntary resettlement”. 8Ethnic minority (OP/BP 4.10) There are 18 ethnic groups in Turpan Prefecture such as Uygur, Han, Hui, Kazakstan, Mongolian, Xibo, Russian, Manchu, Uzbekistan, Tatar and Dahaner. Uygur people amount for 70.4% of the total population in Turpan Prefecture. Since the project construction will be distributed in 3 county units of Turpan Prefecture, this project will touch the policy of “ethnic minorities”. Page 156 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 155 9International watercourse (OP/BP 7.50) The project construction will involve in 5 rivers. They are Meiyaogou, Taerlang, Yaernaizigou, Ertanggou and Alagou rivers. They all originate from the Mt. Tianshan in Xinjiang and finish in the plains of Turpan Prefecture. Therefore, this project will not touch any issue of international watercourse. 10Disputed areas (OP/BP 7.60) There is not any disputed area in this project. Page 157 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 156 5 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) The implementation of this project will help improve water works infrastructure, ease up the underground water overdraft problem and increase water supply guarantee for industry use in Turpan Prefecture. This project will play an important role in upgrading the natural environment and fostering the sustainable development of social economy in three counties (city). Meanwhile, this project will bring forth certain unfavorable impacts on the ambient environment. This project is categorized as non-pollutant ecological construction water works, so the unfavorable impacts caused by the project construction will be the waste gas, waste water, industrial residue, discharge of solid wastes, losses with plants and relocatees due to land requisition for project use as well as negative impacts on water environment and social environment during future operation period of reservoir alike projects. This Chapter gives analysis and evaluation to the impacts of project development based on design period, construction period and operation period. 5.1 EIA During Design Period The main tasks of design period are field survey and design activities without unfavorable impacts on the ambient envrionment. The design results produced during this stage are the fundamental basis for future project development, implementation and operation. During this stage, design should be done from two perspectives as main civil works and environmental protection. Design scheme should be selected out of deemed items and then optimized with consideration of project site, layout of disposal yard, construction conditions, construction methods, etc. so as to constraint disturbances of construction activities, limit the quantities of permanent mucks and avoide or minimize the comparatively big unfavorable impacts on the environment during construction period and operation period. 5.2 EIA During Construction Period The impacts on the envrionment during construction period will come from wastewater, waste gas, mucks, noise pollution as well as potential destroys and losses with the ecology and tangible cultural resources as a result of groud surface disturbances caused by the project construction. 5.2.1 Reservoir components 5.2.1.1 Impacts on water environment Status-quo of the quality of water environment of the project-related river section : the water of the rivers of Meiyaogou, Ertanggou and Alagou comes from melting glacier, seasonal melting snow from mountainous region, precipitation and a few replenishment of groundwater. Field investigations show that there is no entrance of industrial pollution along the river channel. The main pollution sources will come from the organic pollutants carried by erosion behaviors of upstream flood and rainstorm flushing ground surface. The collection of the data of the water quality of project-concerned river section and the data obtained by field monitoring indicate that all monitoring indexes of water sampled at various times are satisfied with Class II standard of surface water, namely that the current quality of those water bodies is fine and consistent with the objective requirements and present utilization functions set forth by the water function zoning. Environmental impact analysis : the wastewater produced during construction period will be from production wastewater and living sewage. Page 158 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 157 Statistic of Wastewater in Construction Period Table 5.2-1 N AME OF R ESEROVIR W ASTER W ATER FORM P RODUCTION ( M 3/ D L IVING S EWAGE M 3/ D M EIYAOGOU R ESERVOIR 207.00 49.00 E RTANGGOU R ESERVOIR 269.00 95.94 A L AGOU R ESERVOIR 315.00 55.00 1 \03 impacts of production wastewater Production wastewater will come from the activities of aggregates screening, machinery maintenance and machinery washing. Main pollutants are SS and petroleum pollutants contained in the wastewater from machinery repairing. aggregates screening: a large portion of wastewater produced during reservoir construction period will come from aggregates processing system, accounting for 90% plus of the total. Wastewater from aggregates screening has a high SS concentration of 22000mg/L but basically no poisonous and noxious substances; However, water bodies in this river section where the project will be located are categorized as Class II, no pollution discharge outlet may be built in accordance with related rules for Class II water body, the wastewater produced thereinto shall be recovered and reused after treatment. No discharge of wastewater into the river course may be allowed. concrete batching system: wastewater produced by the concrete batching system will come from washing water between each working shifts. The water after washing the whole system will be discharge within several minutes. The main pollutants are SS in a concentration of 5000mg/L. The wastewater herein is alkali with pH of 12 approximately. The wastewater from the concrete batching system is characterized by small volume, intermittent discharge and difficult collection. Waste water discharged from concrete batching system will flow along the ground surface showing a flake form. After evaporation and infiltration, cement mortar/grout will coagulate and harden the ground surface, the sediment deposits will cover the plants growing at drainage receipt area, earth desertification would occur accordingly. construction machinery maintenance, care and washing: the wastewater produced thereinto will have a high content of SS and a few of content of petroleum substances. The random discharge of this kind of wastewater without any treatment would bring negative impacts bear on surface water environment, ground vegetation and soil around. tunnel construction: continental explosives used in tunneling will carry pollutant elements of NO X , etc. into wastewater, which will destroy regional water environment heavily. 2 \03 impact of domestic sewage Domestic sewage will be discharged from each temporary living area mainly consisting of organic substances of human being feces and food residue, linear alklybezene sulfonates, Dissolved and colloidal substance. The main pollutant contents are COD Cr , BOD 5 and Ammonia Nitrogen in a concentration of 400mg/L, 200mg/L and 35mg/L, respectively. Page 159 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 158 Domestic sewage without strict treatment and discharge would not only contaminate surface water groundwater, but also breed fly and mosquito, spread bacteria, threaten the health of construction personnel, destroy ecological and living environment. Conclusions : Once the production wastewater and domestic sewage occur, their discharges without any treatment into the river course will contaminate the water quality and bring forth unfavorable impacts on the regional water environment. Hence, the aforesaid wastewater and domestic sewage shall be collected and treated based on their types. In addition, the water bodies in this river section where the project will be located are categorized as Class II, no pollution discharge outlet may be built, so the wastewater produced by production shall be recovered and reused for various production circles after treatment, while domestic sewage will be reused for green works after treatment. Besides, related monitoring program shall be brought forward to monitor implementation and effect of those treatment measures to make sure no degradation of utilization functions of various water bodies due to project development. 5.2.1.2 Analysis on the Impacts on Ambient Air Status-quo of ambient air quality in project area : both project area and submerged area lie in rural area. Field investigations show that there are no distributions of big industrial enterprises and air pollution. The regional air quality still keeps background status. The ambient air is fine. Both Ertanggou Reservoir area and Alagou Reservoir area has no residents basically without existence of special protection targets. It is noted that the ambient air sensitive points in this project are that there are residential locations and schools distributed along both sides of access road to the dam site of Meiyaogou Reservoir (the point nearest to the access road is no more than 5m). Environmental impact analysis : both construction machinery and construction personnel will profligate during construction period. Waste gas emitted by fuel driven machinery, waste air produced by coal firing necessary for production and living uses of construction contractors and construction teams and the dust caused by transpiration will bring some impacts bear on the ambient air in the project area. (1) construction waste air general impacts The main contents of construction waste air are CO, NO x and SO 2 , etc. Construction sites of reservoir projects are all located in mountainous regions where the current status of regional ambient air quality is fine, pollution sources during future construction period will be limited, plus the smooth air flow is over there, the ambient air quality will not depredate. However, the operators standing in construction machinery-concentrated are for a long time will suffer some unhealthy impacts from the concentrated emission of construction waste gas. In addition, tunneling construction will release toxic gas and a huge quantity of dust, limited by surrounding conditions the waste gas and dusts would not diffuse easily and bring considerable damages bear on the construction personnel. impacts on sensitive points Page 160 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 159 The traffic flow and the number of construction machinery will be increase to some extend comparing with current quantities, and waste gas will be emitted more. The villagers living along transportation lines will suffer certain impacts. (2) construction dust general impacts Related investigations show that the dusts caused by transportation vehicles will account for 60% of the total dust volume. The pollution index will be subject to road pavement conditions and traveling speed of vehicles. Normally, the dust occurred at construction site and construction road will have an incidence of 100 m under natural wind; an incidence more wider in case of strong wind. During constructions, mucks, aggregates and lime will cause dust if improper coverage or losing packages when load, offload or transportation, having an incidence of about 100m. Exposed stacks of excavated cuts will also produce dust which depends on the wind speed during operation. The persons staying within the incidence will be construction personnel; hence they will be the main targets suffering the impacts of dust. impacts on sensitive points The tall trees are planted around residential locations, school and gardens along the both sides of access road in Meiyaogou Village in common, and those buildings are normally fended by 2m high wall, all of those will lay down dust to some extent. However, the traffic flow during construction period will be denser than non-construction time ’s, and the transported goods are also different from that loaded by routine traveling vehicles. The TSP content in the air would be increased. Conclusions : the above analysis proofs that construction waste gas and construction dust will be the main unfavorable impacts on the ambient environment during construction period. Main affected population will be the construction personnel as well as the residents and school located along the access road to Meiyaogou Reservoir. Corresponding mitigation measures shall be put forward during construction period to avoid or limit those negative impacts caused by aforesaid pollution sources. 5.2.1.3 Impacts on acoustic environment Status-quo of quality of acoustic environment in project area : Because the project will be located in the rural area without industrial and mineral enterprises basically and quite far away from roads, suffering minor impacts of traffic noise, the regional acoustic environment still keeps background status. The acoustic environment is fine. Both Ertanggou Reservoir area and Alagou Reservoir area has no residents basically without existence of special protection targets. It is noted that the acoustic environment sensitive points in this project are that there are residential locations and schools distributed along both sides of access road to the dam site of Meiyaogou Reservoir (the point nearest to the access road is no more than 5m). Environmental impact analysis : (1) analysis on source of impacts Page 161 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 160 The impacts of the project development on the acoustic environment will mainly occur during construction period. The main noise sources will include regular noises from batching plant, batching machine, screening plant, belt conveyor, etc; irregular noises from instant loud noise at a high dB released during blasting; mobile noises from traveling construction machinery as self-loading truck, road sprinkling car, camion, etc. Those heavy vehicles often produce noises at a level ranging from 90 to 110 dB, even higher if they do tooting. The noise level of single machinery set is summarized in Table 5.2-2. Noise Level of Main Construction Machinery Table 5.2-2 Machinery Noise level dB Machinery Noise level dB Excavator 109 Bulldozer 109 Portal crane 109 Screening plant 110 Concrete batching machine 104 Batching plant 110 Shovel loader 104 Self-loading car 109 Land scraper 109 Crawler type excavator 114 (2) Analysis on impacts Most regular and irregular noise sources will distribute at the construction area of complex works. In view of the construction sites of various project components and their adjacent circumstances, it is concluded that the acoustic environment sensitive points in this project are the residential locations and schools distributed along both sides of access road to the dam site of Meiyaogou Reservoir (the point nearest to the access road is no more than 5m). Construction personnel and the residents in the vicinity will be the main targets affected by construction noises. Conclusions : With consideration of the aforesaid environmental sensitive points and affected construction personnel, corresponding mitigation measures shall be put forward during construction period to limit those negative impacts. 5.2.1.4 Impacts of solid wastes Status-quo of project area : since this project will be located in the mountainous area, visual inspections show that there are no living garbage and the distribution of dumping points of other wastes. Environmental impact analysis : Most solid wastes produced during construction period are excavation mucks, broken stones, etc.; living garbage produced by the construction personnel. Page 162 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 161 Statistics of Disposals and Living Garbage Produced during Construction Period of Reservoir Projects Table 5.2-3 NAME OF COMPONENT D ISPOSALS 1000 M 3 LIVING GARBAGE T MEIYAOGOU RESERVOIR 538 220.0 ERTANGGOU RESERVOIR 51 1151.1 ALAGOU RESERVOIR 388.6 792.0 (1) impacts of production disposals on the environment It is shown in Table 5.2-3 that a huge quantity of production disposals will occur during the construction period of reservoir project, and soil and water erosion would occur at a considerable volume without necessary protective measures. (2) impacts of living garbage on the environment The living garbage will come from scrapes of fruit, paper, vegetable and other solid wastes littered by the construction personnel in their daily life, but those wastes have high organic contents. Those living garbage thrown in a disorderly way or randomly will bring unfavorable impacts on the living environment, health and landscapes of residents. Conclusions : The main negative impacts of the stacking of production disposals will be the cause of soil erosion, related design shall consider necessary protective measures against such impacts; the main impacts of the living garbage will be in ways that affects regional landscapes, living environment of construction personnel and their health. Hence, it is required to propose garbage collection and treatment measures, take corresponding management and dissemination measures, prevent disorderly littering and pouring phenomenon during construction period, and protect regional landscapes and the health of construction personnel. 5.2.1.5 Impacts on ecological environment Status-quo of ecological environment : Both reservoir project area and project affected area lies in mountainous and deserted region where most vegetation is natural. Dry and rare precipitation climate feature decides that the coverage rate of vegetation in the project area is small. Investigations show that there are no distributions of rare and protected plants; main wild animals are small one quite common in deserted zone; there are no distributions of rare and protected wild animals. In accordance with the Notice of The People ’s Government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Concerning the Zoning of Key Protection Regions and Key Monitoring Regions against Soil Erosion throughout Xinjiang , Turpan City where the Meiyaogou Reservoir will be located and Tuokesun County where the Alagou Reservoir will be located both are key monitoring regions against soil erosion. Shanshan County where the Ertanggou Reservoir will be located is key treatment region against soil erosion. Meiyaogou Reservoir Project area and Ertanggou Reservoir Project area are middle-weathering and slightly water-eroded. Alagou Reservoir Project area is slightly weathered and middle water-eroded interlaced. Page 163 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 162 Environmental impact analysis: (1) soil artificial building occupied and covered area, reservoir submerged area Permanent land requisition will have to be occurred due to the needs of reservoir projects, permanent roads and complete facilities. Ground overburden oil will be absolutely covered during construction period. The project design documents show that totally 380.1 hm 2 will be permanently occupied for the reservoir projects. Permanent land requisition will thoroughly change the types and natures of the covering matters on the ground surface, and ground surface overburden soil can ’t be recovered forever. After reservoir impoundment, the soil within the reservoir submergence scope will be staying in water and loss their original natures forever. temporary land occupation and construction action area The overburden layer of quarry site and borrow site will be stripped during construction period and will be recovered to their original ground surfaces after the completion of construction. Soil backfilling will influence the hardness, permeability and physical natures of soil due to mechanical compaction and disturbance, but it can recover after some time. The impacts on soil in this regard would be short time and temporarily. The constructions of the previous similar projects in Xinjiang indicate that the incidence of the activities of construction personnel and construction machinery would be wider than originally considered area. The stepping of construction personnel and rolling and compaction of construction machinery will affect that: a. the structure of soil of overburden layer that are suitable for plant growing will become tight constituting a big temperature variation range, catabolism of organic substances in the soil will be more active, which leads to the decrease of number of soil microorganism and nutrition runoff. b. original channels of soil substance cycling and nutrition concentration will be broken. Soil will loss its soil-forming process; c. once the ground surface vegetable is destroyed, soil erosion would occur in case of rainstorm flood, surface runoff or wind actions; d. Unreasonable treatment with the domestic sewage and garbage by the construction personnel will also contaminate soil environment. After the completion of the construction, the ground surfaces of the temporarily occupied area will be recovered and protected, original soil functions will restore step by step, however its restoration degree will be subject to occupation period, disturbance extent and recovery measures, etc. (2) vegetation The impacts on the vegetation during construction period are of biomass losses and discharge of wastewater: construction land requisition and reservoir submergence Page 164 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 163 The land to be occupied for Eetanggou Reservoir consists of unused land and low-level deserted grassland mostly and few of forest land and artificial vegetation. Neither permanent land requisition nor temporary land occupation will affect slightly the biomass. The ground vegetation in the permanently requisitioned land and within reservoir submergence scope will be substituted forever; temporary land occupation will destroy overburden layer and ground vegetation, this area is subject to soil erosion, so temporary protection actions shall be taken during the construction period. discharge of wastewater Production wastewater and living sewage will occur during construction period. The main pollutants of production wastewater will be SS, few of petroleum substances in the water washing machinery; the indexes of bacteria, COD and Ammonia Nitrogen will be unqualified. The impacts of wastewater on the local vegetation will be that: firstly contaminate soil. The plants growing on the soil will absorb pollutants therein and concentrate inside the plant itself, when the pollutants concentration is beyond the capability of plants, plants will be poisoned and die. Toxicity of production wastewater and living sewage will be low; the plants will therefore have comparatively stronger capability bearing this kind of wastewater. Normally, this kind of wastewater would not bring obvious unfavorable impacts bear on the ground vegetation. But concentrated discharge of living sewage and production wastewater will affect the vegetation to some extent if no proper treatment is taken. (3) wild animal The common wild animals within the construction area are rats and small reptiles. The degree of sensitivity of various varieties of terrestrial wild animals to the external environmental elements is sorted as big animal> birds>small animal> reptiles>amphibious animal, generally, the more big the animal, the more sensitive to human being ’s activities. The main sources of impacts of reservoir projects on the terrestrial wild animals around the reservoir and in the vicinity of construction planned area will be construction noise, land occupation, reservoir submergence, and construction personnel’s activities. amphibious animal and reptiles The land occupation for project use will have a considerable impact on the amphibious animals because of their comparatively weak migration capability. The varieties of amphibious animals within the project area are relatively poor, only green toad and Variegated racerunner (Eremias vermiculata), their habitats are distributed on river beaches and low terraces with vegetation covered. Stubbing, dredging and stripping within the reservoir submergence area will force these two kinds of amphibious animals moving toward upstream, but their groups will be not endangered. Other construction sites will be located at high terraces on both river banks with no impacts on amphibious animals basically. birds During project construction, permanent land requisition, temporary land occupation, land cut-over, etc. will destroy original vegetation and smash the habitats of some birds sequentially; the main consequence is shown in the reduction in their food resources. In Page 165 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 164 addition, mobilization of construction machinery, traveling vehicles and a large number of construction personnel into the site will drive away to some extent some birds with sensitive hearing and vision. Part of those birds would not fly back to this area but move to other area. But the bird resources in the planned construction area is less, the project construction will affect the varieties and groups of birds. Interference with the birds will be over along with the completion of the construction. animal Construction area of all reservoir projects will be located at a low and middle mountainous region, where small rodent animals are dominant. The main impacts on them will be that their territory will be limited to some extent, and some individuals may be subject to the injuries by transportation vehicles. In addition, loud noises made by construction machinery and transportation vehicles would force small animals local or in the vicinity to migrate somewhere else. Generally, project construction will affect local wild animals within the construction area, but the extent and incidence are less. (4) analysis and forecast of soil erosion analysis Increment in the soil erosion will be triggered by the project development mainly in construction period. Such increment will occur in following aspects: i. dam site construction area: dam foundation excavation and backfill will be done mechanically, which will destroy overburden layer and ground vegetation, extend bare land area and worsen soil erosion in this region. Stacking and backfilling of loose excavation material will be subject to weathering and water erosion. Soil erosion would be further worsened in the project construction area. ii. Temporary works: the arrangement of temporary works will destroy definitely the stable status of ground surface. Dismantling of those temporary works after the completion of construction will also lead to water erosion and weathering locally. iii. Access roads: building construction access roads will destroy ground vegetation or break original stable layer of ground surface which will be targets subject to weathering and water erosion. forecast i. to forecast the destroys with original landform, soil and vegetation Disturbed land, occupied land and destroyed vegetation area total 601.95hm 2 including the area disturbed by project structures, production, living and management, disposal yard occupied area and borrow/quarry site occupied area. For details, see Table 5.2-4. Summary of Disturbed Area Table 5.2-4 Page 166 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 165 NAME OF COMPONENT D ISTURBED LAND , OCCUPIED LAND AND DESTROYED VEGETATION AREA HM 2 MEIYAOGOU RESERVOIR 206.88 ERTANGGOU RESERVOIR 128.14 ALAGOU RESERVOIR 266.93 T OTAL 601.95 ii. to forecast disposals After doing balance between excavation and backfill, disposals total 692,300 m 3 . The permanent disposals of each reservoir are shown in Table 5.2-5. Summary of Reservoir Disposals Table 5.2-5 NAME OF COMPONENT PERMANENT DISPOSALS 10 3 M 3 MEIYAOGOU RESERVOIR 47.53 ERTANGGOU RESERVOIR 0.00 ALAGOU RESERVOIR 21.70 T OTAL 69.23 iii. to forecast damages to water and soil conservation facilities It is defined in Law of The People's Republic of China on Water and Soil Conservation that “water and soil conservation facilities” means all facilities having functions of water and soil conservation, for instance, original landform, vegetation, biological measures and engineering measures already taken for the purpose of water and soil conservation, etc. Based on the statistics of land requisition and occupation for various project components, the total area of water and soil conservation facilities to be destroyed by the project development will be 393.95 km 2 , see Table 5.2-6. Summary of Area of Water and Soil Conservation Facilities to be Destroyed Table 5.2-6 NAME OF COMPONENT AREA OF WATER AND SO IL CONSERVATION FACILITIES TO BE DESTROYED HM 2 MEIYAOGOU RESERVOIR 150.88 ERTANGGOU RESERVOIR 128.14 ALAGOU RESERVOIR 114.93 TOTAL 393.95 iv. to forecast potential soil erosion Calculations indicate that the project development will result in total volume of soil erosion of 215,700 tons, increased by 99,900 tons. The main eroded area will be quarry/borrow sites and complex works area. Summary of Forecasted Soil Erosion in Each Project Component Page 167 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 166 Table 5.2-7 NAME OF COMPONENT F O RECASTED SOIL EROSION 10 3 T B ACKGROUND VALUE OF SOIL EROSION 10 3 T I NCREASED SOIL EROSION 10 3 T MEIYAOGOU RESERVOIR 42.7 29.9 12.8 ERTANGGOU RESERVOIR 109.3 67.69 41.4 ALAGOU RESERVOIR 63.7 18.1 45.7 215.7 115.9 99.9 potential hazards of soil erosion Reservoirs are categorized as construction projects, soil erosion will occur in construction period dominantly. Soil erosion without any control will endanger project area, project downstream area, even project operation itself. The characters of those hazards are shown in Table 5.2-8. Characters of Soil Erosion Table 5.2-8 Targets Endangered Type of Hazards Consequences Dust Hurt construction personnel when they breath in particles of dust Project itself Reservoir sedimentation Reduce reservoir capacity and flood control capability Degradation of soil fertility Soil desertification, Soil depletion Project area Water-holding ability of soil descending continuously Trigger flood, threaten project buildings Downstream of project Sediment carrying content increased River course filling up unfavorable to flood passing Conclusions : the main impacts of the project development on the regional ecological environment are that: land requisition and reservoir submergence on the soil and vegetation; construction noises on wild animal; soil erosion caused by construction excavation and stacking of disposals. Hence, construction management shall be strengthened during construction period to avoid obvious unfavorable impacts on terrestrial plant and animal, in addition, proper water and soil conservation measures shall be proposed to limit the soil erosion probably caused by the project development. 5.2.1.6 Impacts on Social Environment (1) health of construction people occurrence of endemic epidemic disease : the investigations and the statistics based on the annual reports with regard to the epidemic situations of Turpan City, Shanshan County and Tuokesun County in recent 3 years show that there are no endemic epidemic diseases within all the project-concerned regions. Page 168 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 167 Environmental impact analysis: Statistics of Construction People Table 5.2-9 Units: person NAME OF COMPONENT CONSTRUCTION PERSONS ON AVERAGE C ONSTRUCTION PERSONS DURING PEAK P ERIOD MEIYAOGOU RESERVOIR 550 1000 ERTANGGOU RESERVOIR 520 1599 ALAGOU RESERVOIR 310 757 The table 5.2-9 shows that because reservoir projects will have a large scale in need of a large number of construction personnel, the population density in the construction area will be proliferated during the construction period; there would be potential risks on the health of construction people. Negligence in the determination of water sources, sanitation of drinking water, environmental hygiene will result in the infection and outbreak of waterborne infectious diseases; paying enough attention to kill mosquitoes and rats can put an end to the infectious diseases in relation with rat and insects. The diseases that would hurt construction people to be engaged in the water works and respective cause are list in Table 5.2-10 based on related data. Statistics of Diseases Threatening Construction People in Water Works Table 5.2-10 Diseases Causes Diseases Causes natural focus disease rats Insect infectious disease mosquitoes endemic diseases Some substances over more or less injury Improper construction operation intestinal infectious diseases toxic Water source polluted, poor environmental sanitation Nutritional Depletion Inadequate supply of vegetable contagious disease Source of infection in construction people Disease in relation with resettlement relocatees The aforesaid diseases would outbreak during the construction period particularly the construction peak time, for instance in summer, with the population dense construction area. High density of mosquitoes, flies and rats in the living area plus the comparatively poor hygienic conditions would lead to the outbreak and spreading of infectious diseases. In addition, there are some contagious diseases, for example hepatitis A, carried by the construction people themselves, this kind of infectious diseases would be spread easily and affect peopl e’s health. In order to minimize the incidence rate of a disease, construction personnel shall be given health inspection and spot inspections with their prevention and quarantine before their mobilizations so as to block the interfusion of infectious sources. There are also the possibility definitely of accidental injuries and nutritional depletion with construction personnel during the construction period. In view of this, the training and dissemination of construction safety knowledge and awareness shall be done; make available the prevention and protection measures; set forth construction procedures strictly; strengthen Page 169 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 168 monitoring and supervision; make sure logistics and guarantee food supply, pay attention to the nutrition of foods; meanwhile, set up prevention and disease control station to finalize prevention and supply medical cures. For the Alagou Reservoir Project, there is slag left by previous Yuergou Coal Mine and No.505 Mine in the river course of the Yuergou River Basin at the north of the Alagou River. The slag of the mine tailings have three kinds of radioactive matters of uranium, thorium and radium-226; related investigations show that although the mineral slag left in the river course are only at a small amount mixed in the sediment of the river taking a low radioactivity, there are still a probability of unfavorable impacts on the regional environment and the health of the people, so necessary countermeasures shall be taken to avoid the risk of such radioactivity. Conclusions : considering the aforesaid impacts, environmental sanitation shall be strengthened in the construction area especially the living area during the construction period, in ways that enhance the protection of drinking water sources, timely purify and disinfect drinking water, control random littering of garbage and discharge of wastewater, do a good job killing mosquitoes, flies and rats in the living area, and put an end to the breeding of mosquitoes, flies and rats. In addition, quarrying and borrowing of materials for the construction of Alagou Reservoir must be strictly controlled to avoid the negative impacts on the construction people as a result of application of radioactive materials. (2) cultural and ancient relics Status-quo of distribution of cultural and ancient relics : based on the investigation report prepared by the cultural relic agent. There are distributions of cultural relics within the Ertanggou and Alagou reservoir area, while no relics within the scope of Meiyaogou Reservoir Project. Environmental impact analysis : Ertanggou Reservoir is designed to have a normal pool level of 1475 m. The valuable cultural relics underground and exposed found within the reservoir area are distributed in an elevation ranging from 1473 m to 1475 m. Hence, the impacts on those cultural and ancient relics within the land requisition scope would be avoidable following the development of the project. In order to limit unfavorable impacts, practical and workable protective measures shall be taken with consideration to the geological location, elevation, features, cultural value and harmony with ambient environment. There are also cultural relics within the Alagou Reservoir area, which will also suffer the impacts of reservoir submergence within the scope of land requisition avoidable. In order to limit unfavorable impacts, practical and workable protective measures shall be taken with consideration to the geological location, elevation, features, cultural value and harmony with ambient environment. The Report of the Investigations on Cultural Relics within Ertanggou Reservoir Area in Shanshan County and the Report of the Investigations on Cultural Relics within Alagou Reservoir Area in Shanshan County prepared by the Archaeological Research Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region clearly states that: no constructions of reservoir projects may start in accordance with original construction scheme until the cultural relics Page 170 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 169 protection agents complete all cultural relics protection activities within the reservoir submergence area and project construction area; protection activities will be done in ways that do rescue digs with all cultural relics within the reservoir area; propose cultural relic protection budget in accordance with related regulations, 180,000 Yuan for Ertanggou Reservoir, and 120,000 Yuan for Alagou Reservoir. The launch of the project will foster related cultural relics agents to dig and protect the relics within this area so as to protect those relics against destroys and losses due to long-term exposure to the outdoor, the project development will be helpful to the protection of those remains from this perspective. Conclusions : the project development will be helpful to the cultural and ancient relics within the reservoir area. (3) social economy Status-quo of social economy in each project component: The locations of 3 reservoirs all lies in rural area with undeveloped economy. Environmental impact analysis: With the beginning of the reservoir projects, project development will need a large number of construction materials and labors, most of them will be available locally. Demands of huge quantities of construction materials will markedly drive the development of local industry, stir up rapid economical development, and provide local people more employment chances due to big demands of labors for project, ease up the pressure of employment, increase income and improve living life. Mobilization of a lot of construction people and transportation vehicles will foster the prosperity of local side line industry. As many ongoing projects, service facilities, such as restaurants, stores, hotels, etc. will emerge as the times require around the project, which will not only circulate local rural economy, increase the income of local people, but also improve the awareness of local people of commodity economy and play an in-depth active role in the promotion of local social economy. During the construction period, the entrance of construction personnel and management people will bring in advanced minds into the construction area and nearby regions. Those advanced mind will play an active role in opening their field of vision, refreshing their ideas, increasing their commodity economy awareness, and finally favorably affect local social economy fundamentally. Conclusions: project development will play an active role in fostering the economical development in each project area. 5.2.2 Water-saving Irrigation Components There is one water-saving irrigation component in Turpan City, Shanshan County and Tuokesun County, respectively, totally 3. 5.2.2.1 Impacts on water environment Status-quo of quality of water environment in project-concerned water body : the water bodies in relation to the water-saving irrigation projects are Yaernaizi River, Ertanggou River and Alagou River. Field investigations show that Field investigations show that there Page 171 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 170 is no entrance of industrial pollution along the river channel. The main pollution sources will come from the organic pollutants carried by erosion behaviors of upstream flood and rainstorm flushing ground surface. The collection of the data of the water quality of project- concerned river section and the data obtained by field monitoring indicate that all monitoring indexes of water sampled at various times are satisfied with Class II standard of surface water, namely that the current quality of those water bodies is fine and consistent with the objective requirements and present utilization functions set forth by the water function zoning. Environmental impact analysis: (1) production wastewater Production wastewater will come from the activities of batching plant maintenance, transportation vehicle washing and other machinery washing. Since the project will be located close to Turpan City, overhaul and maintenance of machinery can be done in Turpan City, only small maintenance and repairing will be done on the site. The production wastewater will have bad indexes of SS and also contain a few of petroleum pollutants but basically no toxic substances. This kind of wastewater will be produced in small volume and bring limited impacts bear on the ambient environment. (2) living sewage Domestic sewage will be discharged from each temporary living area mainly consisting of organic substances of human being feces and food residue, linear alklybezene sulfonates, dissolved and colloidal substance. The main pollutant contents are bacteria, COD and Ammonia Nitrogen. The analogy shows that COD and Ammonia Nitrogen will have a concentration of 300 mg/L and 40 mg/L, respectively. In accordance with the construction scheduling, planning and design, the construction labors in the construction peaks of the water-saving irrigation projects in Turpan City, Shanshan County and Tuokesun County will reach 270, 120 and 364 respectively. The construction people in Shanshan County will live in the residential housing in the vicinity of the project area following a living nearby principle, in this case, all domestic sewage produced will be collected by existing system, and no impacts of sewage will occur on the ambient environment. It is calculated based on living water of 75 L per capita per day and sewage discharge coefficient of 0.8 that the daily maximum sewage discharge will be about 39.0 m 3 /d during the construction period of water-saving irrigation projects in Turpan City and Tuokesun County. Domestic sewage without strict treatment and discharge would not only contaminate surface water groundwater, but also breed fly and mosquito, spread bacteria, threaten the health of construction personnel, destroy ecological and living environment. Hence, the management over the temporary living area of the construction people shall be enhanced during construction period. Proper treatment shall be given to the living sewage to be discharged in a collective way. Conclusions : Once the production wastewater and domestic sewage occur, their discharges without any treatment into the river course will contaminate the water quality and bring forth unfavorable impacts on the regional water environment. Hence, the aforesaid wastewater and Page 172 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 171 domestic sewage shall be collected and treated based on their types. In addition, the water bodies in this river section where the project will be located are categorized as Class II, no pollution discharge outlet may be built, so the wastewater produced by production shall be recovered and reused for various production circles after treatment, while domestic sewage will be reused for green works after treatment. Besides, related monitoring program shall be brought forward to monitor implementation and effect of those treatment measures to make sure no degradation of utilization functions of various water bodies due to project development. 5.2.2.2 Impacts on ambient air Status-quo of ambient air quality in project area : both project area and submerged area lie in rural area. Field investigations show that there are no distributions of big industrial enterprises and air pollution. The regional air quality still keeps background status. The ambient air is fine. Environmental impact analysis : both construction machinery and construction personnel will profligate during construction period. Waste gas emitted by fuel driven machinery, waste air produced by coal firing necessary for production and living uses of construction contractors and construction teams and the dust caused by transportation will bring some impacts bear on the ambient air in the project area. Related analysis indicates that the aforesaid pollution sources are of fluidity and intermittence. Because there will no air pollution sources yet in the project area, the background of regional air keeps fine, the project construction dust will affect construction personnel dominantly, corresponding environmental protection measures (for instance, periodic sprinkling to lay down dust) shall be done during the construction period to reduce the impacts on the ambient air quality in the project and its surrounding area. Conclusions : the above analysis proofs that construction waste gas and construction dust will be the main unfavorable impacts on the ambient environment during construction period. Main affected population will be the construction personnel. Corresponding mitigation measures shall be put forward during construction period to avoid or limit those negative impacts of construction dust and waste gas on the health of those construction people. 5.2.2.3 Impacts on acoustic environment Status-quo of quality of acoustic environment in project area : Because the project will be located in the rural area without industrial and mineral enterprises basically and quite far away from roads, suffering minor impacts of traffic noise, the regional acoustic environment still keeps background status. The acoustic environment is fine. Environmental impact analysis : The main noise sources will include regular noises from batching plant, water pumps, vibrators and other various kinds of engine-driven pumps; mobile noises from motor vehicles and other operation equipment. Those noise sources will give certain impacts to the ambient environment. Since there are no distributions of residents within the scope of 1.5 km around the project area, the construction people will be the main targets affected by the noises. The Page 173 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 172 identification of those noise sources shows that some noise levels would surpass the specified standards, and the construction persons on the site shall be given necessary protection. In accordance with the Standard of Noise at Boundary of Enterprises issued by the Ministry of Health of The People ’s Republic of China and the previous State Labor Bureau , the working time of the people who are exposed the noises must be limited in a serious manner. Conclusions : construction people on the site will be the dominant targets suffering the impacts of noises. Protective and mitigation measures shall be taken during the project construction period to limit those negative impacts. 5.2.2.4 Impacts of solid wastes Status-quo of project area : visual inspections show that there are no living garbage and the distribution of dumping points of other wastes. Environmental impact analysis : (1) construction disposals Most solid wastes produced during construction period are construction disposals, production wastes and living garbage. The construction disposals will be excavation mucks from the construction of diversion sluices and still basin. The excavation mucks to be produced during the construction of water-saving irrigation project in Shanshan County will be used in backfilling mostly; the remaining will also be used locally, so a balance will be reached between excavation and backfill to keep no occurrence of mucks. The water-saving irrigation projects will produce mucks of 44,000 m 3 totally. Those mucks will influence landscapes or cause soil erosion as a result of improper stacking. (3) living garbage In accordance with the construction scheduling, planning and design, the construction labors in the construction peaks of the water-saving irrigation projects in Turpan City, Shanshan County and Tuokesun County will reach 270, 120 and 364 respectively. The construction people in Shanshan County will live in the residential housing in the vicinity of the project area following a living nearby principle; in this case, all living garbage produced will be collected and treated by the existing system. It is estimated sophisticatedly that each person will occur 0.6 ~0.8 kg of garbage every day, the living garbage to be produced during the construction peak time of the water-saving irrigation projects in Turpan City and Tuokesun County will approach to 380.4~507.2 kg/d. It is well know that living garbage would be good habitats breeding the flies, mosquitoes, pathogenic bacteria and rats and forming a key spreading source of infectious diseases. Improper treatment of garbage will endanger the health of workers and heavily degrade landscapes of project area and pollute the ambient environment. Hence, it is required to do a good job during construction period of that: building garbage dumps and collection stations; collect and clean out garbage periodically; prohibit random littering of garbage. Conclusions : The main negative impacts of the stacking of production disposals will be the cause of soil erosion, related design shall consider necessary protective measures against Page 174 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 173 such impacts; the main impacts of the living garbage will be in ways that affects regional landscapes, living environment of construction personnel and their health. Hence, it is required to propose garbage collection and treatment measures, take corresponding management and dissemination measures, prevent disorderly littering and pouring phenomenon during construction period, and protect regional landscapes and the health of construction personnel. 5.2.2.5 Impacts on ecological environment Status-quo of ecological environment: All water-saving irrigation projects will be located in the equipped irrigation regions with frequent human being ’s activities. Most vegetation within the area is artificial plant. There are no distributions of rare and protected plants; main wild animals are small one quite common in deserted zone; there are no distributions of rare and protected wild animals. In accordance with the Notice of The People ’s Government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Concerning the Zoning of Key Protection Regions and Key Monitoring Regions against Soil Erosion throughout Xinjiang , Turpan City Water-saving Irrigation Project area and Alagou Water-saving Irrigation Project area will be the key monitoring regions against soil erosion. The Water-saving Irrigation Project area in Shanshan County will be the key treatment region against soil erosion. Environmental impact analysis: (1) soil and vegetation Temporary land occupation will be 981.95 hm 2 , while permanent land requisitions 8.64hm 2 for the project use. Permanent land requisition will thoroughly change the status-quo and functions of soil and vegetation within the project scope. The ground landscapes in the permanently requisitioned land will be substituted forever by permanent buildings, and irreversible. But permanent land requisition in this kind of projects is less, the impacts on the soil and vegetation will be limited; temporary land occupation will be more and destroy local soil and vegetation to some extent, but those impacts will be over, the soil and vegetation affected can be restored by means of effective measures, so the impacts on the soil and vegetation will be small. (2) wild animal The common animals in the project area are Lacerta agilis, chiffchaff and Mus musculus Linnaeus, etc. The projects with a small size and short construction period will give numbered unfavorable impacts to them. Once the constructions are completed, those impacts will be over gradually. (3) analysis and forecast of soil erosion analysis Increment in the soil erosion will be triggered by the project development mainly in construction period. Such increment will occur in following aspects: Page 175 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 174 i. dam site construction area: arrangement of production area, living area and construction roads will destroy original ground surface and cause soil erosion; ii. excavations of pipeline ducts and other construction activities during construction period will produce mucks. Improper stacking of those mucks and inadequate protective measures will lead to soil erosion in case of strong wind and rainfall. forecast i. to forecast the destroys with original landform, soil and vegetation Disturbed land, occupied land and destroyed vegetation area total 599.56 hm 2 including the area disturbed by project structures, production, living and management, disposal yard occupied area and borrow/quarry site occupied area. For details, see Table 5.2-11. Summary of Disturbed Area Table 5.2-11 NAME OF COMPONENT D I STURBED LAND , O CCUPIED LAND AND DESTROYED VEGETATION AREA H M 2 T U RPAN CITY WATER - S AVING IRRIGATION PROJECT 175.53 S HANSHAN C OUNTY WATER - SAVING IRRIGATION PROJECT 180.95 T UOKESUN COUNTY WATER - SAVING IRRIGATION PROJECT 243.08 T OTAL 599.56 ii. to forecast disposals After doing balance between excavation and backfill, disposals total 756,700 m 3 . The permanent disposals of each component are shown in Table 5.2-12. Summary of Permanent Disposals Table 5.2-12 NAME OF COMPONENT PERMANENT DISPOSALS 10 3 M 3 T URPAN CITY WATER - SAVING IRRIGATION PROJECT 756.7 S HANSHAN C OUNTY WATER - SAVING IRRIGATION PROJECT 0.00 T UOKESUN COUNTY WATER - SAVING IRRIGATION PROJECT 0.00 T OTAL 756.7 iii. to forecast damages to water and soil conservation facilities Based on the statistics of land requisition and occupation for various project components, the total area of water and soil conservation facilities to be destroyed by the project development will be 599.56 hm 2 , see Table 5.2-13. Page 176 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 175 Summary of Area of Water and Soil Conservation Facilities to be Destroyed Table 5.2-13 NAME OF COMPONENT AREA OF WATER AND SO IL CONSERVATION FACILITIES TO BE DES TROYED HM 2 T URPAN CITY WATER - SAVING IRRIGATION PROJECT 175.53 S HANSHAN C OUNTY WATER - SAVING IRRIGATION PROJECT 180.95 T UOKESUN COUNTY WATER - SAVING IRRIGATION PROJECT 243.08 T OTAL 599.56 iv. to forecast potential soil erosion Calculations indicate that the water-saving irrigation projects will result in total volume of soil erosion of 38,300 tons, increased by 12,700 tons. The main eroded area will be quarry/borrow sites and complex works area. Summary of Forecasted Soil Erosion in Each Project Component Table 5.2-14 NAME OF COMPONENT F ORECASTED SOIL EROSION 10 3 T BACKGROUND VALUE OF SOIL EROSION 10 3 T INCREASED SOIL EROSION 10 3 T T URPAN CITY WATER - SAVING IRRIGATION PROJECT 12.8 10.4 2.4 S HANSHAN C OUNTY WATER - SAVING IRRIGATION PROJECT 6.2 5.4 0.8 T UOKESUN COUNTY WATER - SAVING IRRIGATION PROJECT 19.3 9.8 9.5 T OTAL 38.3 25.6 12.7 potential hazards of soil erosion Reservoirs are categorized as construction projects, soil erosion will occur in construction period and natural restoration period. Improper water and soil conservation action during construction period and inadequate vegetation recovery job after the project will worsen soil erosion, and cause a negative impact on the project and its surrounding area. The main hazards are that: i. project constructions will destroy original ground surface, impair its weathering resistance ability and influence regional ecological environment; ii. improper stacking of mucks and protection measures will lead to soil erosion and cause hazards to irrigation districts. Page 177 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 176 Hence, necessary water and soil conservation measures shall be taken to control soil erosion during project development period. Conclusions : the main impacts of the project development on the regional ecological environment are that: land requisition and reservoir submergence on the soil and vegetation; construction noises on wild animal; soil erosion caused by construction excavation and stacking of disposals. Hence, construction management shall be strengthened during construction period to avoid obvious unfavorable impacts on terrestrial plant and animal, in addition, proper water and soil conservation measures shall be proposed to limit the soil erosion probably caused by the project development. 5.2.2.6 Impacts on social environment Status-quo of social economy in project component area: All project area will be located in rural area with undeveloped economical development. Environmental impact analysis: (1) public health During project construction period, the clusters and high fluidity of construction people will get construction people subject to the infection and spreading of epidemic diseases, so control and prevention of epidemic diseases shall be done well with those people. Environmental sanitation both in the living area and working area shall be given high attention. The control over the infectious diseases shall be enhanced. Safety and protection for the construction personnel shall be strengthened. (2) social economy The procurement of living and production materials locally during the project construction period will foster the economical development of related industries; needs of certain number of non-skilled labors for the project will involve some farmers in the project, broaden their income sources and improve their livelihood. Conclusions: project development will play an active role in fostering the economical development in each project component area. 5.2.3 Main Canals Newly Built (rehabilitated) There are three main canal components in the project including Taerlang Branch Canal, Ertang Branch Canal Lining, and Alagou Main Diversion Canal. 5.2.3.1 Impacts on water environment Status-quo of the quality of water environment of the project-related river section : the water- saving irrigation projects will concern the water bodies of Taerlang River, Ertanggou River and Alagou River. There is no entrance of industrial pollution along the river channel. The main pollution sources will come from the organic pollutants carried by erosion behaviors of upstream flood and rainstorm flushing ground surface. The collection of the data of the water quality of project-concerned river section and the data obtained by field monitoring indicate that all monitoring indexes of water sampled at various times are satisfied with Class II Page 178 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 177 standard of surface water, namely that the current quality of those water bodies is fine and consistent with the objective requirements and present utilization functions set forth by the water function zoning. Environmental impact analysis: Taerlang Branch Canal and Alagou Main Diversion Canal will be of the newly built constructions. Production wastewater will come from the activities of batching plant maintenance, transportation vehicle washing and other machinery washing. Since the Taerlang Branch Canal will be located close to Turpan City, overhaul and maintenance of machinery can be done in Turpan City, only small maintenance and repairing will be done on the site. The production wastewater will have bad indexes of SS and also contain a few of petroleum pollutants but basically no toxic substances. This kind of wastewater will be produced in small volume and bring limited impacts bear on the ambient environment. It is estimated that wastewater discharge from the Taerlang Branch Canal will be 10.1 m 3 /d, and Alagou Main Diversion Canal 50 of m 3 /d, totally 14,400 m 3 throughout the whole construction period. In accordance with the construction scheduling, planning and design, the construction labors in the construction peaks of Taerlang Branch Canal and Alagou Main Diversion Canal will reach 200 and 168 respectively. It is calculated based on living water of 75 L per capita per day and sewage discharge coefficient of 0.8 that the daily maximum sewage discharge will be about 2.21 m 3 /d during the construction period of canal works. Domestic sewage without strict treatment and discharge would not only contaminate surface water groundwater, but also breed fly and mosquito, spread bacteria, threaten the health of construction personnel, destroy ecological and living environment. Hence, the management over the temporary living area of the construction people shall be enhanced during construction period. Proper treatment shall be given to the living sewage to be discharged in a collective way. Ertang Branch Canal Lining Project is categorized as rehabilitation project with small working quantities. Production wastewater will come from the activities of batching plant maintenance, pebbles and aggregates washing. The wastewater produced here is less and scattered, the main pollutants are sediment, mud, rock debris and other solid matters. This kind of production wastewater will have bad indexes of SS and also contain a few of petroleum pollutants but basically no toxic substances. The wastewater will not affect the project area and its adjacent region basically after sedimentation. In addition, the construction people will live in the residential housing in the vicinity of the project area following a living nearby principle; in this case, domestic sewage produced will have no impacts on the ambient environment. Conclusions : Once the production wastewater and domestic sewage occur, their discharges without any treatment into the river course will contaminate the water quality and bring forth unfavorable impacts on the regional water environment. Hence, the aforesaid wastewater and domestic sewage shall be collected and treated based on their types. In addition, the water bodies in this river section where the project will be located are categorized as Class II, no pollution discharge outlet may be built, so the wastewater produced by production shall be recovered and reused for various production circles after treatment, while domestic sewage will be reused for green works after treatment. Besides, related monitoring program shall be brought forward to monitor implementation and effect of those treatment measures to make sure no degradation of utilization functions of various water bodies due to project Page 179 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 178 development. 5.2.3.2 Impacts on ambient air Status-quo of ambient air quality in project area : project area lies in rural area. Field investigations show that there are no distributions of big industrial enterprises and air pollution. The regional air quality still keeps background status. The ambient air is fine. Environmental impact analysis : both construction machinery and construction personnel will profligate during construction period. Waste gas emitted by fuel driven machinery, waste air produced by coal firing necessary for production and living uses of construction contractors and construction teams and the dust caused by transportation will bring some impacts bear on the ambient air in the project area. Related analysis indicates that the aforesaid pollution sources are of fluidity and intermittence. Because there will no air pollution sources yet in the project area, the background of regional air keeps fine, the project construction dust will affect construction personnel dominantly, corresponding environmental protection measures (for instance, periodic sprinkling to lay down dust) shall be done during the construction period to reduce the impacts on the ambient air quality in the project and its surrounding area. Conclusions : the above analysis proofs that construction waste gas and construction dust will be the main unfavorable impacts on the ambient environment during construction period. Main affected population will be the construction personnel. Corresponding mitigation measures shall be put forward during construction period to avoid or limit those negative impacts of construction dust and waste gas on the health of those construction people. 5.2.3.3 Impacts on acoustic environment Status-quo of quality of acoustic environment in project area : because the project will be located in the rural area without industrial and mineral enterprises basically and quite far away from roads, suffering minor impacts of traffic noise, the regional acoustic environment still keeps background status. The acoustic environment is fine. Environmental impact analysis : The main noise sources will include regular noises from batching plant, water pumps, vibrators and other various kinds of engine-driven pumps; mobile noises from motor vehicles and other operation equipment. Those noise sources will give certain impacts to the ambient environment. Since there are no distributions of residents within the scope of the project area, the construction people will be the main targets affected by the noises. Construction noises will bring certain unfavorable impacts bear on the health of construction personnel. Conclusions : construction people on the site will be the dominant targets suffering the impacts of noises. Protective and mitigation measures shall be taken during the project construction period to limit those negative impacts. 5.2.3.4 Impacts of solid wastes Status-quo of project area : visual inspections show that there are no living garbage and the Page 180 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 179 distribution of dumping points of other wastes. Environmental impact analysis : Most solid wastes produced during construction period are project disposals and living garbage. According to the project design, most project disposals will be from the excavations of canals. Soil and rock measurement balance calculations show that Taerlang Branch Canal Project will produce disposals of 9300 m 3 , Ertang Branch Canal Lining Project 77,200 m 3 , and Alagou Main Diversion Canal Project 22,300 m 3 . Those excavation mucks will influence landscapes or cause soil erosion as a result of improper stacking. The construction people of Ertang Branch Canal Lining Project will live in the residential housing in the vicinity of the project area following a living nearby principle, in this case, all living garbage produced will be collected by existing system, and no impacts of garbage will occur on the ambient environment. The construction labors in the construction peaks of Taerlang Branch Canal and Alagou Main Diversion Canal will reach 200 and 168 respectively. It is calculated based on living water of 75 L per capita per day and sewage discharge coefficient of 0.8 that the daily maximum sewage discharge will be about 2.21 m 3 /d during the construction period of canal works. It is estimated sophisticatedly that each person will occur 0.6 ~0.8 kg of garbage every day, the living garbage to be produced during the construction peak time will approach to 220.8~294.4 kg/d. It is well know that living garbage would be good habitats breeding the flies, mosquitoes, pathogenic bacteria and rats and forming a key spreading source of infectious diseases. Improper treatment of garbage will endanger the health of workers and heavily degrade landscapes of project area and pollute the ambient environment. Conclusions : The main negative impacts of the stacking of production disposals will be the cause of soil erosion, related design shall consider necessary protective measures against such impacts; the main impacts of the living garbage will be in ways that affects regional landscapes, living environment of construction personnel and their health. Hence, it is required to propose garbage collection and treatment measures, take corresponding management and dissemination measures, prevent disorderly littering and pouring phenomenon during construction period, and protect regional landscapes and the health of construction personnel. 5.2.3.5 Impacts on ecological environment Status-quo of ecological environment: All projects will be located in the Gobi and deserted area in the plain region. Most vegetation within the area is natural desert plants. It is shown based on the investigations that there are no distributions of rare and protected plants; main wild animals are small one quite common in deserted zone; there are no distributions of rare and protected wild animals. In accordance with the Notice of The People’s Government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Concerning the Zoning of Key Protection Regions and Key Monitoring Regions against Soil Erosion throughout Xinjiang , Taerlang Branch Canal Project and Alagou Main Diversion Canal Project will be the key monitoring regions against soil erosion. Ertang Branch Canal Lining Project will be the key treatment region against soil erosion. Environmental impact analysis: (1) soil and vegetation Page 181 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 180 Temporary land occupation will be 511.17 hm 2 , while permanent land requisitions of 162.06 hm 2 for the project use. Permanent land requisition will thoroughly change the status-quo and functions of soil and vegetation within the project scope. The ground landscapes in the permanently requisitioned land will be substituted forever by permanent buildings, and irreversible. Temporary land occupation will be more and destroy local soil and vegetation to some extent, but those impacts will be over, the soil and vegetation affected can be restored by means of effective measures, so the impacts on the soil and vegetation will be small. (2) wild animal The common animals in the project area are chiffchaff and Mus musculus Linnaeus, etc. The projects with a small size and short construction period will give numbered unfavorable impacts to them. Once the constructions are completed, those impacts will be over gradually. (3) analysis and forecast of soil erosion analysis Increment in the soil erosion will be triggered by the project development mainly in construction period. Such increment will occur in following aspects: i. During project construction period, the arrangement of production area, living area and construction roads will destroy original ground surface and cause soil erosion; ii. excavations of canals and other construction activities during construction period will produce mucks. Improper stacking of those mucks and inadequate protective measures will lead to soil erosion in case of strong wind and rainfall. forecast i. to forecast the destroys with original landform, soil and vegetation Disturbed land, occupied land and destroyed vegetation area total 226.02 hm 2 including the area disturbed by project structures, production, living and management, disposal yard occupied area and borrow/quarry site occupied area. For details, see Table 5.2-15. Summary of Disturbed Area Table 5.2-15 NAME OF COMPONENT D ISTURBED LAND , OCCUPIED LAND AND DESTROYED VEGETATION AREA HM 2 T AERLANG B RANCH C ANAL P ROJECT 139.05 E RTANG B RANCH C ANAL L INING P ROJECT 58.73 A LAGOU M AIN D IVERSION C ANAL P ROJECT 28.24 T OTAL 226.02 ii. to forecast disposals After doing balance between excavation and backfill, disposals total 119,100 m 3 . The permanent disposals of each component are shown in Table 5.2-16. Page 182 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 181 Summary of Permanent Disposals Table 5.2-16 NAME OF COMPONENT PERMANENT DISPOSALS 10 3 M 3 T AERLANG B RANCH C ANAL P ROJECT 9.3 E RTANG B RANCH C ANAL L INING P ROJECT 30.5 A LAGOU M AIN D IVERSION C ANAL P ROJECT 79.3 T OTAL 119.1 iii. to forecast damages to water and soil conservation facilities Based on the statistics of land requisition and occupation for various project components, the total area of water and soil conservation facilities to be destroyed by the project development will be 222.22 hm 2 , see Table 5.2-17. Summary of Area of Water and Soil Conservation Facilities to be Destroyed Table 5.2-17 NAME OF COMPONENT AREA OF WATER AND SO IL CONSERVATION FACILITIES TO BE DES TROYED HM 2 T AERLANG B RANCH C ANAL P ROJECT 139.05 E RTANG B RANCH C ANAL L INING P ROJECT 54.93 A LAGOU M AIN D IVERSION C ANAL P ROJECT 28.24 T OTAL 222.22 iv. to forecast potential soil erosion Calculations indicate that the canal projects will result in total volume of soil erosion of 98,100 tons, increased by 23,800 tons. The main eroded area will be pipeline works area and disposal yards. Summary of Forecasted Soil Erosion in Each Project Component Table 5.2-18 Page 183 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 182 NAME OF COMPONENT F ORECASTED SOIL EROSION 1 0 3 T BACKGROUND V ALUE OF SOIL EROSION 10 3 T INCREASED SOIL EROSION 10 3 T T AERLANG B RANCH C ANAL P ROJECT 24.2 19.0 5.2 E RTANG B RANCH C ANAL L INING P ROJECT 39.8 23.3 16.5 A LAGOU M AIN D IVERSION C ANAL P ROJECT 34.1 33.0 2.1 T OTAL 98.1 75.3 23.8 potential hazards of soil erosion Canals newly built (rehabilitated) are categorized as construction projects, soil erosion will occur in construction period and natural restoration period. Improper water and soil conservation action during construction period and inadequate vegetation recovery job after the project will worsen soil erosion, and cause a negative impact on the project and its surrounding area. The main hazards are that: i. project constructions will destroy original ground surface, impair its erosion resistance ability and worsen regional ecological environment; ii. worsen dust storm weather, increase dust content in the air and bring negative impacts bear on the production and life of Tuokesun and adjacent regions. Hence, necessary water and soil conservation measures shall be taken to control soil erosion during project development period. Conclusions : the main impacts of the project development on the regional ecological environment are that: land requisition and reservoir submergence on the soil and vegetation; construction noises on wild animal; soil erosion caused by construction excavation and stacking of disposals. Hence, construction management shall be strengthened during construction period to avoid obvious unfavorable impacts on terrestrial plant and animal, in addition, proper water and soil conservation measures shall be proposed to limit the soil erosion probably caused by the project development. 5.2.3.6 Impacts on social environment Status-quo of social economy in project component area: All project area will be located in rural area with undeveloped economical development. Environmental impact analysis: (1) public health During project construction period, the clusters and high fluidity of construction people will Page 184 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 183 get construction people subject to the infection and spreading of epidemic diseases, so control and prevention of epidemic diseases shall be done well with those people. Environmental sanitation both in the living area and working area shall be given high attention. The control over the infectious diseases shall be enhanced. Safety and protection for the construction personnel shall be strengthened. (2) social economy The procurement of living and production materials locally during the project construction period will foster the economical development of related industries; needs of certain number of non-skilled labors for the project will involve some farmers in the project, broaden their income sources and improve their livelihood. Conclusions: project development will play an active role in fostering the economical development in each project component area. 5.2.4 Karez Protection Project 5.2.4.1 Impacts on water environment Status-quo of water environment in project area: It is proofed by the observation data obtained at the culvert downstream outlet of Wudaolin Karez by he Water Environment Monitoring Center under the Hydrological Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on September 12, 2008: the quality of water in Wudaolin Karez is satisfied with the surface water standard of Class II as per the Environmental Quality Standards For Surface Water of the People ’s Republic of China (GB3838-2002) . Environmental impact analysis: Wastewater during construction period will be made of production wastewater and living sewage. Production wastewater will come from construction dust and the activities of batching plant maintenance, transportation vehicle washing and other machinery caring. Since the project will be located close to Turpan City, overhaul and maintenance of machinery can be done in Turpan City, only small maintenance and repairing will be done on the site. The production wastewater will be from the batching plant system washing. Except bad indexes of SS and also a few of petroleum pollutants, the production wastewater will basically have no toxic substances. This kind of wastewater will be produced in small volume and bring limited impacts bear on the ambient environment. Domestic sewage will be discharged from each temporary living area mainly consisting of organic substances of human being feces and food residue, linear alklybezene sulfonates, dissolved and colloidal substance. The main pollutant contents are bacteria, COD and Ammonia Nitrogen. The analogy shows that COD and Ammonia Nitrogen will have a concentration of 300 mg/L and 40 mg/L, respectively. In accordance with the construction scheduling, planning and design, the construction labors in the construction peak will reach 30. It is calculated based on living water of 75 L per capita per day and sewage discharge coefficient of 0.85 that the daily maximum sewage discharge will be about 1.91 m 3 /d. Page 185 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 184 Domestic sewage without strict treatment and discharge would not only contaminate surface water groundwater, but also breed fly and mosquito, spread bacteria, threaten the health of construction personnel, destroy ecological and living environment. Conclusions : Domestic sewage without strict treatment and discharge would not only contaminate surface water groundwater, but also breed fly and mosquito, spread bacteria, threaten the health of construction personnel, destroy ecological and living environment. Hence, the management over the temporary living area of the construction people shall be enhanced during construction period. Proper treatment shall be given to the living sewage to be discharged in a collective way so as to minimize the impacts of the domestic sewage on the project environment. 5.2.4.2 Impacts on ambient air Status-quo of ambient air: The ambient air in the project area still keeps its background status. Its ambient air quality is fine. Environment impacts analysis: After the launch of Wudaolin Karez Protection Project in Turpan City, both construction machinery and construction personnel will profligate during construction period. Waste gas emitted by fuel driven machinery, waste air produced by coal firing necessary for production and living uses of construction contractors and construction teams and the dust caused by transportation will bring some impacts bear on the ambient air in the project area. Related analysis indicates that the aforesaid pollution sources are of fluidity and intermittence. Because there will no air pollution sources yet in the project area, the project construction dust will affect construction personnel dominantly, corresponding environmental protection measures (for instance, improvement in labor protection, periodic sprinkling to lay down dust, etc.) shall be done strictly during the construction period to reduce the impacts on the ambient air quality in the project and its surrounding area. Conclusions : environmental protection measures (for instance, improvement in labor protection, periodic sprinkling to lay down dust, etc.) shall be done strictly during the construction period to reduce the impacts on the ambient air quality in the project and its surrounding area. 5.2.4.3 Impacts on acoustic environment Status-quo of quality of acoustic environment in project area : the main noise sources will come from traffic, because the project will be located in an area where traffic flow is quite limited, the project area is comparatively less noisy. Environmental impact analysis : The main noise sources will come from self-loading truck, boring machine and mixing of cement mortar and cement slurry, etc. as well as loading and unloading activities on the construction site. The construction machinery on the site will produce noises at a level ranging from 75 to 86 dB. Except construction persons, there will no acoustic sensitive Page 186 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 185 targets within a scope of 500 m. The identification of those noise sources shows that some noise levels would surpass the specified standards, and the construction persons on the site shall be given necessary protection. In accordance with the Noise limits for Construction Site (GB12523-90) issued by the Ministry of Health of The People ’s Republic of China and the previous State Labor Bureau , the working time of the people who are exposed the noises must be limited in a serious manner. Conclusions: The identification of those noise sources shows that some noise levels would surpass the specified standards, and the construction persons on the site shall be given necessary protection. In accordance with the Noise limits for Construction Site (GB12523- 90) issued by the Ministry of Health of The People’s Republic of China and the previous State Labor Bureau , the working time of the people who are exposed the noises must be limited in a serious manner. 5.2.4.4 Analysis on the impacts of solid wastes Status-quo of project area : project area has a flat landform, and visual inspections show that there are no living garbage and the distribution of dumping points of other wastes. Environmental impact analysis : Project disposals and living garbage will be the dominant solid wastes. It is stated in the project design that project disposals will come from Karez dredging, rehabilitation, boring and other construction activities, totally 4634 m 3 , soil measurement dominant. Those project disposals will be stacked at the stationed points and places. Project disposals occurred during the construction project will mainly effect landscapes or cause soil erosion as a result of improper stacking or dumping. The construction labors in the construction peaks of the Wudaolin Karez Protection Project will reach 30. It is estimated sophisticatedly that each person will occur 0.6 ~0.8 kg of garbage every day, the living garbage to be produced during the construction peak time will approach to 18~24 kg/d, totally 2.84 tons throughout whole construction period. Living garbage produced at the construction camp will be collected at stationed points, cleaned out periodically and treated together with the garbage of local residents without impacts on the ambient environment around the project area basically. Conclusions: There will no newly built living garbage dumping points within the visual scope during the construction period, so the living garbage will not affect the regional landscapes and environment. However, mitigation measures also shall be proposed against the negative impacts of stacking and dumping of project disposals to be produced during the construction period to avoid the occurrence of soil erosion, in addition, project disposals shall be stacked in an rational way so as to maintain the original appearance of Wudaolin Karez. 5.2.4.5 Impacts on ecological environment Status-quo of ecological environment in the project area: The project area is characterized by rare precipitation, frequent wind in spring and scattered vegetation. The Gobi within the project area is an interlaced erosion region under the action of middle weathering and slight water erosion. The oasis farmland is an interlaced erosion Page 187 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 186 region under the action of slight weathering and slight water erosion. Environmental impact analysis: (1) soil and vegetation Compaction and rolling by the vehicles during the project construction period will directly destroy ground surface and thoroughly change the types and natures of the covering matters on the ground surface or alter the structure and physical performances of the soil. The culvert and shaft well of kareses will be carried out underground, so such construction activities will not affect the vegetation around. For the exposed canal and storage pool, only consolidation will be made with the loosened and collapsed locations and will not impair both sides of the exposed canal and the forest shelter around the storage pool. (2) wild animal The common animals in the project area are Lacerta agilis, chiffchaff and Mus musculus Linnaeus, etc. The construction noises will drive them far away from the construction area and therefore interfere with their food hunting and ecological habits. Since the project will just do some consolidations and protections with the culvert and shaft well underground based on their existing works in a small construction scale and short construction period, such a project will give numbered unfavorable impacts to them. Once the constructions are completed, those impacts will be over gradually. (3) soil erosion Increment in the soil erosion will be triggered by the project development mainly in construction period. Such increment will occur in following aspects: Increment in the soil erosion will be triggered by the project development mainly in construction period. Such increment will occur in following aspects: i. During project construction period, the arrangement of production area, living area and construction roads will destroy original ground surface and cause soil erosion; ii. excavations of canals and other construction activities during construction period will produce mucks. Improper stacking of those mucks and inadequate protective measures will lead to soil erosion in case of strong wind and rainfall. The project development will disturb and occupy the land of 14370 m 2 and do excavations of 4636 m 3 of disposals totally. Improper stacking or protection with those disposals will lead to soil erosion to some extent and bring unfavorable impacts bear on the ambient environment. The project development will cause soil erosion in a value of 22.94 tons, increased by 18.53 tons comparing with the non-project time. The followings hazards of soil erosion would occur if nothing protection measures are taken: project construction will disturb the original soil structure within the land requisition scope of the project construction, project constructions will destroy original ground surface, break the crusts on the desert ground surface, alter current landform, degrade ground surface ability against erosion and further worsen the ecological environment; Page 188 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 187 The temporary disposals produced during the construction period without protection will blow up dust in case of strong wind, which will affect the health of construction personnel and cause soil erosion. Hence, necessary water and soil conservation measures shall be taken to control the soil erosion to be occurred during the project development. Conclusions: since the project will just do some consolidations and protections with the culvert and shaft well underground based on their existing works in a small construction scale and short construction period, such a project will give numbered unfavorable impacts to the soil, vegetation and wild animal in the project area. Once the constructions are completed, those impacts will be over gradually. However, corresponding water and soil conservation measures shall be taken during the construction period to limit soil erosion. 5.2.4.6 Impacts on social environment Status-quo: The project area will be located in the rural area where local people live in a relatively scattered way, there are no infectious sources of heavy diseases, and regional economy is undeveloped. During project construction period, the clusters and high fluidity of construction people will get construction people subject to the infection and spreading of epidemic diseases, so control and prevention of epidemic diseases shall be done well with those people. Environmental sanitation both in the living area and working area shall be given high attention. The control over the infectious diseases shall be enhanced. Safety and protection for the construction personnel shall be strengthened. Environmental impact analysis: (1) public health During project construction period, the clusters and high fluidity of construction people will get construction people subject to the infection and spreading of epidemic diseases, so control and prevention of epidemic diseases shall be done well with those people. Environmental sanitation both in the living area and working area shall be given high attention. The control over the infectious diseases shall be enhanced. Safety and protection for the construction personnel shall be strengthened. When carry our constructions beneath a thin overburden layer, support measures shall be done and accompanied by good safety monitoring and specific person on duty for monitoring to ensure the safety. (2) social economy The procurement of living and production materials locally during the project construction period will foster the economical development of related industries; needs of certain number of non-skilled labors for the project will involve some farmers in the project, broaden their income sources and improve their livelihood. (3) potential impacts of existing social environment Considering Turpan Prefecture is rich in cultural relics, the construction of Karez protection Page 189 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 188 project will concern a large scope, there would be unearthed relics existing within the construction area. Once the traces of cultural and ancient relics or tumulus are shot, local cultural relic protection department shall be informed immediately, and the construction site shall be protected in a timely manner. No construction may be carried out until proper treatment is done by the cultural relic protection department; Conclusions: project development will play an active role in fostering the economical development in each project component area; however, control and prevention of epidemic diseases shall be done well with the construction people during construction period. Environmental sanitation both in the living area and working area shall be given high attention. The control over the infectious diseases shall be enhanced. 5.3 EIA during Operation Period 5.3.1 Reservoir Project 5.3.1.1 Impacts on water environment (1) hydrological regime impacts on the hydrological regime in reservoir area After reservoir impoundment, water level immediate behind the dam and reservoir tail level will rise up considerably; water area will be changed from a perennial dry-off and narrow natural course originally to a wide and open area, some terrestrial eco-environment will become aquatic eco-environment accordingly; the increment in backup water level and water depth will flat water profile gradient and slow down the inflow velocity. impacts of reservoir operation on downstream hydrological regime -----Meiyaogou Reservoir i. The main task of Meiyaogou Reservoir is to ensure an industrial water supply for ShengHongHua Chemical Industry Park concurrently with agricultural irrigation and flood control for the Meiyaogou River Basin. The tables of 5.3-1 through 5.3-3 below show that Meiyaogou Reservoir is designed to start reservoir fill in August annually, reach full level in September annually, give water supply priority to the ShengHongHua Chemical Industry Park during the period from November to April next year, supply the remaining reservoir water for spring irrigation in the downstream river reaches of the Meiyaogou River, drop back to the minimum operation level by the end of April; flood period of the Meiyaogou River occurs in the months from May to July at the same time of irrigation water demand peak. The Meiyaogou River Basin is still quite lack of water resources. Hence, the water supply of the Meiyaogou Reservoir will depend on the inflow from the Meiyaogou River Basin, and the reservoir capacity is designed to retain the flood to convert regional flood into applicable water resources, so that the flood can be used as far as possible to ease up the downstream water shortage; the reservoir begins another water fill from August to September again and enters into another regulation year. Meiyaogou Reservoir Annual Regulation, at a guarantee rate of P=95% Table 5.3-1 inflow use Total losses Gross use inflow-gross use Reservoir impoundment surplus T i m e m o n t h 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 5 679 679 5.1 684.1 -5.1 194.9 0 r i c h p e r i o d 6 1085 1085 5.5 1090.5 -5.5 189.4 0 Page 190 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 189 7 1356 1356 5.6 1361.6 -5.6 183.8 0 8 1141 801.9 7.4 809.3 331.7 515.5 0 9 413 223.6 8.5 232.1 180.9 696.4 0 10 215 193.9 6.7 200.6 14.4 710.8 0 11 144 183.3 4.7 188 -44 666.8 0 12 103 161.7 3.6 165.3 -62.3 604.5 0 1 100 161.7 3.3 165 -65 539.6 0 2 36 161.7 3.3 165 -129 410.6 0 3 45 168.4 3.6 172 -127 283.6 0 D r y p e r i o d 4 97 176.2 4.3 180.5 -83.5 200 0 Total 5414 5352.4 61.6 5414 0 Note: the reservoir capacity at the minimum operation level=2 million m 3 . Meiyaogou Reservoir Annual Regulation, at a guarantee rate of P=85% Table 5.3-2 inflow use Total losses Gross use inflow-gross use Reservoir impoundment surplus T i m e m o n t h 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 5 322.8 322.8 5.1 327.9 -5.1 194.9 0 6 1869.4 1869.4 5.5 1874.9 -5.5 189.4 0 7 1685 1685 5.6 1690.6 -5.6 183.8 0 8 1084 889.1 6.7 895.8 188.2 372.1 0 r i c h p e r i o d 9 541 242.8 7.7 250.5 290.5 662.6 0 10 238.8 197.5 6.5 204 34.8 697.4 0 11 149.9 184.2 4.7 188.9 -39 658.5 0 12 31.5 161.7 3.4 165.1 -133.6 524.9 0 1 102.4 161.7 2.9 164.6 -62.2 462.8 0 2 92.5 161.7 2.9 164.6 -72.1 390.7 0 3 99.7 176.6 3.7 180.3 -80.6 310.1 0 D r y p e r i o d 4 66 171.6 4.5 176.1 -110.1 200 0 Total 6283 6224.1 59.2 6283.3 0 Note: the reservoir capacity at the minimum operation level=2 million m 3 . Meiyaogou Reservoir Annual Regulation, at a guarantee rate of P=50% Table 5.3-3 inflow use Total losses Gross use inflow-gross use Reservoir impoundment surplus T i m e m o n t h 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 5 680 680 5.1 685.1 -5.1 194.9 0 r i c h p e r i o d 6 1279 1279 5.5 1284.5 -5.5 189.4 0 Page 191 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 190 7 2428 2428 5.6 2433.6 -5.6 183.8 0 8 2070 1636.9 8.7 1645.6 424.4 608.2 0 9 586 413.9 10.1 424 162 770.2 0 10 347 433.4 7.4 440.8 -93.8 676.4 0 11 194 190.8 5.1 195.9 -1.9 674.6 0 12 146 161.7 4.1 165.8 -19.8 654.8 0 1 21 161.7 3.7 165.4 -144.4 510.4 0 2 26 161.7 3.5 165.2 -139.2 371.3 0 3 85 174.4 4.1 178.5 -93.5 277.8 0 D r y p e r i o d 4 115 188 4.7 192.7 -77.7 200 0 Total 7977 7909.5 67.6 7977.1 0 Note: the reservoir capacity at the minimum operation level=2 million m 3 . In view that the Meiyaogou River reaches downstream the headworks of the Renmin Canal dries off in most time period, the Meiyaogou Reservoir is not designed to take a role of discharge to the downstream from the perspective of dispatching. The project will still maintain no discharges to the downstream after operation and give no impacts to the downstream hydrological regime. ii. impacts of reservoir flood control dispatching on the downstream hydrological regime The floods in the current Meiyaogou River mostly occur in summer. It is stated in the design documents that the project is designed to have a flood discharge of 466 m 3 /s (under 2%), the maximum discharge at reservoir design flood level of 224 m 3 /s (under 2%), and to divert the flood through ungated open spillway chute to the downstream. With consideration of the design concept, flood peak in the downstream river reaches will be impaired. Flood discharge will mainly occur in summer. The flood control dispatching will be done under the unified arrangement of Turpan City Flood Control Dispatching Command Center. The completion of the reservoir will upgrade the downstream flood control level of less 3-year-recurrence flood to the 50-year-recurrence flood under the normal operation condition of the reservoir, and flood control standard under the abnormal operation condition is designed to be 1000-year-recurrence period. ----Ertanggou Reservoir The reservoir will alter to some extent the hydrological regime in the downstream river reaches due to the reservoir operation dispatching. The main impacts will be that the annual average flow in the river reaches will be reduced and the average water level will be lower, etc. i. impacts on the downstream hydrological regime under the normal operation of the reservoir The reservoir works will change the hydrological regime in the downstream river reaches from a natural runoff status to artificially regulated runoff status. The reservoir will regulate Page 192 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 191 discharge based on production water demands by various sectors and reservoir inflow condition. The reservoir capacity regulation role will change the runoff distribution condition in each month throughout a year. The main task of Ertanggou Reservoir is to ensure a water supply for Ertang Irrigation District, Dikan Industry Park and petroleum production base concurrently with fishery water supply and flood control. The table of 5.3-4 below shows that Ertanggou Reservoir is designed to start reservoir fill in June annually, reach normal pool level in August annually. On the premise of satisfaction with basic ecological discharge, it is planned that Ertanggou Reservoir will provide water for Dikan Industry Park and petroleum production base throughout a year and for the irrigation district from March every year. After continuous water supply, the reservoir will touch the minimum operation level by the end of May, then reservoir fill starts again and enters in to another regulation year after full. Ertanggou Reservoir Annual Regulation, at a guarantee rate of P=85% Table 5.3-4 inflow use Total losses Gross use inflow-gross use Reservoir impoundment surplus T i m e m o n t h 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 10 4 m 3 6 1006.00 852.19 9.04 861.22 144.78 344.78 0.00 7 1537.00 906.38 15.59 921.97 615.03 959.81 0.00 8 1416.00 297.36 27.87 325.23 1090.77 2050.57 0.00 9 242.00 233.26 30.03 263.29 -21.29 2029.29 0.00 r i c h p e r i o d 10 183.00 228.33 28.00 256.33 -73.33 1955.96 0.00 11 93.60 159.30 23.32 182.62 -89.02 1866.94 0.00 12 75.20 159.30 21.99 181.30 -106.10 1760.84 0.00 1 110.10 159.30 20.72 180.02 -69.92 1690.92 0.00 2 99.50 159.30 20.85 180.15 -80.65 200.00 0.00 3 23.60 755.51 17.05 772.56 -748.96 -548.96 0.00 4 504.00 947.36 16.61 963.96 -459.96 -1008.93 0.00 D r y p e r i o d 5 811.00 1001.55 12.82 1014.37 -203.37 -1212.30 0.00 Total 6101.00 5859.16 243.88 6103.04 — — 448.7 244.5 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 — 503.5 244.5 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 Note: the reservoir capacity at the minimum operation level=2 million m 3 . During future reservoir operation period, discharge to the downstream will mainly go through the outlet for the basic ecological discharge. The discharge volume will be of the 10% of the mean annual average flow through the cross section at the proposed dam site. During whole reservoir operation period, the flow in the river reaches downstream of the dam site will keep 0.25 m 3 /s all along under a P=85%. ii. impacts of reservoir flood control dispatching on the downstream hydrological regime The floods in the current Ertanggou River mostly occur in summer. It is stated in the design documents that the project is designed to have a flood discharge of 356 m 3 /s (under 2%), and Page 193 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 192 to divert the flood through ungated spillway to the downstream. With consideration of the design concept, flood peak in the downstream river reaches will be impaired. Flood discharge will still mainly occur in summer. The completion of the reservoir will upgrade the downstream flood control level of less 5- year-recurrence flood to the 20-year-recurrence flood. ----Alagou Reservoir The reservoir will considerably alter hydrological characters of local river reaches downstream of the dam site. The hydrological regime in the downstream river reaches will change to some extent comparing to no project due to the reservoir operation dispatching. The main impacts will be that the annual average flow in the river reaches will be reduced and the average water level will be lower, etc. Particularly the river reaches from the dam site to the entrance of Yuergou, the hydrological characters will change significantly as a result of no recruitment of inflow from other rivers. (2) water temperature ----Meiyaogou Reservoir i. evaluation on the reservoir water temperature distribution structure Meiyaogou Reservoir is designed to have a maximum dam height of 41m, the deepest water approaching to 39m after reservoir impoundment, which would lead to a stratification of the water body. Runoff-reservoir capacity relationship method is commonly used to evaluate the reservoir water temperature distribution pattern. The detailed calculation is as follows: a = mean annual average i nfl ow total reservoi r capaci ty When a 10 , reservoir with stratified water temperature distribution mode; 10< a <20,reservoir with seasonal temperature mode; a 20 , reservoir with temperature distribution on a mixed mode. It is obtained based on the aforesaid calculations that the a value of the Meiyaogou Reservoir is 8.27. It means that the Meiyaogou Reservoir will have a stratified water temperature distribution. ii. reservoir water temperature stratification forecast mode The Meiyaogou Reservoir water temperature stratification mode is calculated by means of Zhu Bofang Fomula as follows: ) ( cos ) ( ) ( ) , ( 0 e t t w t + - + = y A y T y T m 0.04y () ( )e m Ty C T C = +- surface (g)/ 1 g CT T =- × - bottom surface 0.04H e g y 018 . 0 0 e y A A Page 194 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 193 Where, T y — water temperature at a depth of y when , Tm y —annual average water temperature at a depth of y, A y —annual water temperature variation amplitude at a depth of y, —phase difference of water temperature and air temperature, month =2 / temperature variation circular frequency —temperature variation circle, 12 months —time, month y—water depth, m 0 —time of highest temperature, take July T surface —mean annual average surface temperature, T bottom —mean annual average bottom temperature, H—reservoir depth, 40m A 0 —surface water temperature annual variation amplitude T ai —monthly average temperature . It is obtained from “reservoir bottom annual average water temperature distributions along latitude” (see diagram below) specified in the Regulation for Hydrologic Computation of Water Resources and Hydropower Project, Sl278-2002 that the reservoir bottom temperature will take 7 based on the location of the reservoir around N43° and the deepest water depth of about 40 m after the reservoir impoundment. Fig. 5.3-1 reservoir bottom annual average water temperature distributions along latitude iii. forecasting results 1 7 0 -T 5 . 0 A T y 085 . 0 e 30 . 1 15 . 2 - - e Page 195 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 194 Since water temperature variation will have no impacts on industry water. It is to forecast the monthly water temperature stratification of Meiyaogou Reservoir corresponding to the downstream agricultural water demand period, namely water supply period from April 1 to October 31 from the Renmin Canal headworks, the forecasting results are shown in Table 5.3-5. Forecasting Results of Water Temperatures at Various Water Depth in Meiyaogou Reservoir Table 5.3-5 Unit: Water depth (m) April May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. 0 14.63 18.03 19.52 18.71 15.80 11.59 7.18 5 14.99 17.40 17.82 16.16 12.85 8.78 5.05 10 14.65 16.35 16.17 14.14 10.82 7.08 3.94 15 14.01 15.26 14.75 12.62 9.44 6.06 3.39 20 13.29 14.24 13.57 11.47 8.49 5.44 3.13 25 12.58 13.33 12.60 10.58 7.83 5.07 3.05 30 11.91 12.52 11.79 9.90 7.36 4.86 3.06 35 11.31 11.82 11.10 9.35 7.02 4.75 3.13 40 10.76 11.20 10.52 8.90 6.77 4.70 3.24 e\11fi\10fi\03\03\03 140.1 209.3 6.3 3.1 0 : fl e 136.8 241.2 6.3 6.5 0 : fifl eve l reve l reve 136.8 337.8 6.3 6.5 0 : fffl 1flfl 11flfl 1flfl n\11flfl ccent\11flfl \11flfl l\11flfl \11flfl ron\11flfl taccent\11flfl l\11flfl fl\11flfl 144.7 337.4 7.4 3.8 0 : P 459.0 301.7 7.4 3.8 0 : ff e n 459.0 270.9 7.4 3.8 0 : \1a ccent arumlaut 459.0 240.2 7.4 7.7 0 : fifl iv. Result Analysis It is shown by the forecasting results that the reservoir water temperature at a shallow level will increase gradually along with the water level going deep during the months from April to July, while descend gradually along with the water level going deep beyond the period from April to July. The water temperature will go down when the water depth >5m. v. forecast of discharge water temperature Fig.5.3-2 Reservoir Water Temperature Vertical Distribution Page 196 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 195 Meiyaogou Reservoir will provide industry water and agricultural water through water supply culvert. The reservoir water will go through shaft well intake, flow into pressure water supply culvert in a length of 105.4m, then go into water distribution station where conical valve will be equipped to control water distribution. A pipeline will be connected to the station to provide water to the industry part directly. Renmin Canal will start from the outlet of the station to provide water to the downstream area. The intake of the water supply culvert will be arranged at El.946m, about 1.5 m below the minimum operation level (El.947.3m) and about 17m below the normal pool level (El.962.5m). Hence, the reservoir operation will affect the temperature of discharged water body, and then probably influence the aquatic ecology and agricultural production of irrigation district downstream of the project. Those impacts will be long-term and irreversible. It is stated in the project design that the intake of the water supply culvert will be arranged at El.946m, about 1.5 m below the minimum operation level (El.947.3m) and about 17m below the normal pool level (El.962.5m), so a comparison is done between the forecast average temperature values of water at 15m and 20m after the project and natural river water temperature values before the project, see Figure below. Comparison of Water Temperatures at the Proposed Location of Culvert outlet Before and After the Project Table 5.3-6 Month April May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Forecast water temperature at culvert outlet 13.65 14.75 14.16 12.04 8.96 5.75 3.26 Current water temperature 7.67 12.23 12.7 13.53 13.37 12.07 9.2 Variation 5.98 2.52 1.46 -1.49 -4.41 -6.32 -5.94 Page 197 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 196 breve\11fi\10ffl\03\03\03 142.9 507.3 7.8 3.9 0 : fl 142.9 527.0 7.8 3.9 0 : ffl 142.9 547.5 7.8 3.9 0 : ff n ccent 138.7 607.4 7.8 8.1 0 : fifl l 138.7 647.6 7.8 8.1 0 : fiff ron eve n otaccent arumlaut 444.0 496.6 7.8 8.1 0 : fifl T he di a g r a m s how s t ha t t he w a t e r t e m pe r a t ur e a f t e r t h e pr oj e c t w i l l de s c e nd t o s om e e xt e nt dur i ng t he m ont hs f r om J ul y t o O c t ob e r e v e r y y e a r w hi l e r i s e t o s om e e xt e n t dur i ng t h e m ont hs f r om A pr i l t o J un e . B e c a us e i r r i g a t i on w a t e r de m a nd p e a k i n t h e dow ns t r e a m i r r i g a t i on di s t r i c t w i l l c on c e nt r a t e i n t h e m ont h s f r om A pr i l t o J ul y , t he d i s c h a r g e d w a t e r t e m p e r a t ur e w i l l r i s e t o s om e e xt e nt i n t h e m ont h s f r om A pr i l t o J un e w hi c h w i l l b e f a v or a bl e t o t he c r op g r ow t h e xc e pt t h e di s c h a r g e d w a t e r t e m pe r a t ur e i n J u l y w i l l d e s c e nd but i n a v e r y s m a l l r a ng e . I n a dd i t i on , T ur pa n P r e f e c t ur e i s qui t e hot i n J ul y , g r ound s ur f a c e t e m pe r a t ur e i s a l s o v e r y hi g h w hi c h w i l l h e a t i r r i g a t i on w a t e r , a nd t he d i s c ha r g e d w a t e r w i l l g o t hr oug h e xpos e d di v e r s i on c a n a l of more than 30 km, so the water temperature decreased in the reservoir will get recovery after long delivery distance. The phreatic water from Karez at a relatively low temperature are used for agricultural irrigation at large in the downstream irrigation district, so the temperature variation with the discharged water from the reservoir will not have obvious impacts on the agricultural production. ----Ertanggou Reservoir i. evaluation on the reservoir water temperature distribution structure Ertanggou Reservoir is designed to have a maximum dam height of 66.00m, the deepest water approaching to 52.93m. Runoff-reservoir capacity relationship method is used to evaluate the reservoir water temperature distribution pattern. Ertanggou River has an annual runoff of 77.89 million m 3 . The total reservoir capacity will be 25 million m 3 ; It is obtained through computation that the Ertanggou Reservoir is =3.1210, namely a stable reservoir with stratified water temperature distribution mode, which means the project development will alter the water temperature structure of the river reaches concerned. Fig.5.3-3 Discharged Water Temperature and Current Water Temperature Page 198 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 197 ii. reservoir water temperature stratification forecast mode The Meiyaogou Reservoir water temperature stratification mode is calculated by means of Zhu Bofang Fomula. iii. forecasting results The water temperature stratification of the Ertanggou Reservoir is forecast through the aforesaid method. The forecasting results are shown in Table 5.3-7. Forecasting Results of Water Temperatures at Various Water Depth in Ertanggou Reservoir Table 5.3-7 Unit: Water depth (m) March April May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. 0 3.3 7.7 12.2 12.7 13.5 13.4 12.1 9.2 5 5.5 11.0 12.6 13.3 13.0 13.0 9.8 7.8 10 5.3 10.9 12.1 12.5 11.9 11.9 8.7 7.0 15 5.2 10.5 11.5 11.7 11.1 11.1 8.0 6.4 20 5.2 10.2 11.0 11.1 10.4 10.4 7.5 6.1 25 5.2 9.8 10.5 10.5 9.8 9.8 7.2 5.9 30 5.2 9.4 10.1 10.0 9.4 9.4 6.9 5.8 35 5.3 9.1 9.7 9.6 9.0 9.0 6.8 5.8 40 5.3 8.8 9.3 9.3 8.7 8.7 6.6 5.7 45 5.3 8.6 9.0 9.0 8.4 8.4 6.5 5.7 50 5.4 8.4 8.8 8.7 8.2 8.2 6.5 5.7 Page 199 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 198 \03\03\03 fl breve fifl fibreve fflfl fflbreve ffifl ffi breve ff fl ffbreve brevefl fl ffl ff caron dotaccent fifl fiffl fiff ficaron 384.6 529.1 7.4 3.8 0 : R & P ffi ff breve caron \1a dotaccent hungarumlaut fifl iv. Result Analysis It is shown by the forecasting results that the reservoir water temperature will descend gradually along with the water level going deep. The water temperature will have a obvious variation with the water depth ranging from 0m to 10m while a smaller variation amplitude when water depth >10m. v. forecast of discharge water temperature Ertanggou Reservoir will provide water for petroleum production base and downstream irrigation district through discharge tunnel on the left bank. A pipeline will be built to deliver water to the petroleum production base. Existing Ertanggou Main Canal will start from the outlet of the discharge tunnel to provide water to the downstream irrigation districts. The project design describes that the approach channel of discharge tunnel will have an invert at El.1435 m, about 40 m below the normal pool level (El.1475m). Hence, so a comparison is done between the forecast average temperature values of water at 40m after the project and natural river water temperature values before the project, see Table 5.3-8. Comparison of Water Temperatures at the Proposed Location of Discharge Tunnel Before and After the Project Table 5.3-8 Unit: Month March April May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Forecast water temperature at discharge tunnel outlet 5.3 8.8 9.3 9.3 8.7 8.7 6.6 5.7 Current water temperature 3.3 7.7 12.2 12.7 13.5 13.4 12.1 9.2 Variation 1.96 1.17 -2.90 -3.43 -4.85 -4.69 -5.44 -3.47 Fig.5.3-4 Reservoir Water Temperature Vertical Distribution Page 200 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 199 157.5 542.5 8.0 4.0 0 : fl 157.5 561.6 8.0 4.0 0 : ffl 157.5 580.5 8.0 4.0 0 : ff n ccent 153.2 637.1 8.0 8.3 0 : fifl l 153.2 675.1 8.0 8.3 0 : fiff ron 179.6 531.5 8.0 4.0 0 : ffi 215.4 531.5 8.0 4.0 0 : ff e n 323.0 531.5 8.0 4.0 0 : \1a ccent arumlaut 428.2 531.5 8.0 8.3 0 : fifl Fig.5.3-5 Discharged Water Temperature and Current Water Temperature The Fig.5.3-5 shows that the water temperature after the project will increase by 1.17 - 1.96 during the months from March to April every year comparing to current water temperature, and decrease by 2.90 -5.44 during the months from May to October every year comparing to current water temperature. vi. impacts of variation in the discharged water on the crops in irrigation district Dominant crops planted by the Ertanggou Main Canal Irrigation District are grapes and melons. Both grapes and melons are warm-season crops requiring a suitable temperature circumstance. The current temperature of the irrigation water provided for the Ertanggou Main Canal Irrigation District varies ranging from 3.33 to 13.53 . Because irrigation water demand peak in the downstream irrigation district will concentrate in the months from March to June, the discharged water temperature after the project will rise to some extent in March and April when the spring irrigation peak prevails, the increase in the irrigation water temperature will be favorable to the crop growth. The discharged water temperature will descend in a range in the moths from May to July but still keep between 3.33 and 13.53 . Since the Ertanggou conveyance water works are all exposed canals, the temperature of water flowing through will rise very quickly. The climatic temperature in the reservoir area is ranging from 8.0 to 22.7 in the months from May to October. The water after flowing out of the tunnel outlet will experience an elevation drop above 25 km, canal bends, sills, thermal land and temperature rise effects, finally its temperature will be higher than that when just leaving the tunnel outlet. Hence, necessary engineering measures in combination with the natural temperature increment will considerably ease up the low temperature of discharged water on the normal growth of downstream crops. In general, the variation in the reservoir water temperature will have no obvious impacts on the growth of crops in the irrigation district. Page 201 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 200 ---Alagou Reservoir i. evaluation on the reservoir water temperature distribution structure Runoff-reservoir capacity relationship method is commonly used to evaluate the reservoir water temperature distribution pattern. The detailed calculation is as follows: a = mean annual average runoff total reservoi r capaci ty b = one fl ood fl ow total r eser voi r capaci ty is a ratio of annual reservoir inflow and total reservoir capacity. When a 10 , reservoir with stratified water temperature distribution mode; a 20 , reservoir with temperature distribution on a mixed mode 10< a <20, reservoir with seasonal temperature mode; is a ratio of one flood flow to total reservoir capacity. When >1, reservoir with water stratification broken temporarily, namely a temporary mixed mode formed; 0.5 , it means flood having no obvious impacts on water temperature stratification. Values in Alagou Reservoir Area Table 5.3-9 Total reservoir capacity 10 3 m 3 Mean annual average annual runoff million m 3 45670 128 3.65 When Alagou Reservoir keeps at a normal pool level of 940.77 m, corresponding reservoir capacity is 45.67 million m 3 . The proposed site for the Alagou Reservoir has a mean annual average annual runoff of 128 million m 3 . It is obtain through computations that Alagou Reservoir will have a value of 3.65, the maximum dam height of 82.0m, featuring a stable reservoir with stratified water temperature distribution mode. Hence, the impacts of reservoir water temperature stratification shall be considered in the evaluation. Values in Alagou Reservoir Area Table 5.3-10 Total reservoir capacity 10 3 m 3 One flood flow million m 3 45670 127 3.62 The floods with big peak and high discharge would occur in the Alagou region in the case of snow-melt or precipitation with a flood peak of 490 m 3 /s, duration of three days and flood discharge of 127 million m. It is obtained through computations that the Alagou Reservoir will have a value of of 3.62, which means the Alagou Reservoir water temperature stratification would be broken temporarily in case of a flood. ii. forecast of reservoir water temperature variation In accordance with the observed data with regard to the high regulation dams in China, the water temperature of Alagou Reservoir can be stratified into three layers as 0-5 m of surface layer suffering big impacts from and following with the air temperature variation; 5-35 m of thermocline, forming a temperature gradient as much as 0.2-0.7 /m in summer; below 35 m of hypolimnion, keeping a relative constant water temperature perennial. Because the Page 202 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 201 Alagou Reservoir is designed to have a normal pool level of El.940.77m, intake structure at El.911.66m of about 39.1 m up to the normal pool level, the temperature of the water around the intake structure will be therefore quite different from the surface water. After the completion of the reservoir, the water temperature of surface layer will become higher with the contribution of thermal power and wind power, while the water temperature of the deeper layer will go down. Vertically, the reservoir water temperature will feature top cool and down warm in winter, contrarily top warm and down cool in summer. The reservoir water temperature will be stratified thereby. The stratification of water temperatures in the Alagou Reservoir is shown in Tables 5.3-11 & 12. Calculation Results of Temperatures of Surface and Bottom Layers in Alagou Reservoir Table 5.3-11 Elevation of Reservoir Water Level Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sept. Oct Nov Dec. Surface(940.77m) - 5.9 1.6 7.5 19.5 26.8 30.3 33.4 30.3 23.9 15.8 4.5 -3.9 Bottom (<=875m) 3 3 3 3.4 3.4 4 4 4 4.7 4.7 5.2 4 Calculations Results of Vertical Stratification of Water Temperature in Alagou Reservoir Table 5.3-12 MONTHS RESERVOIR WATER LEVEL M 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 940.77-935.77 SURFACE -5.9 1.6 7.5 9.5 26.8 30.3 33.4 30.3 23.9 15.8 4.5 -3.9 930 -5.1 1.7 7.1 18.1 24.8 28.1 30.9 28.0 22.2 14.9 4.6 -3.2 925 -4.7 1.8 6.8 17.1 23.3 26.4 29.0 26.3 21.0 14.2 4.6 -2.7 920 -3.2 2.0 6.2 14.7 19.8 22.6 24.6 22.3 18.2 12.5 4.7 -1.6 915 -2.6 2.1 5.8 13.5 18.0 20.6 22.5 20.3 16.7 11.7 4.8 -1.0 911.66 INTAKE LEVEL -2.0 2.2 5.6 12.6 16.6 19.1 20.7 18.6 15.5 11.0 4.8 -0.5 910 -1.9 2.2 5.5 12.3 16.2 18.7 20.3 18.3 15.3 10.9 4.8 -0.40 905 -1.2 2.3 5.2 11.1 14.5 16.8 18.1 16.2 13.9 10.1 4.9 0.2 900 -0.6 2.5 4.8 10.0 12.7 14.8 15.9 14.2 12.4 9.2 4.9 0.8 895 0.1 2.6 4.5 8.8 11.0 12.9 13.7 12.2 11.0 8.4 5.0 1.3 880 2.1 2.9 3.5 5.2 5.7 7.1 7.1 6.2 6.7 6.0 5.1 3.1 <875 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.4 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.7 4.7 5.2 4.0 iii. impacts of water temperature variation on agricultural irrigation Since the Alagou Reservoir will be responsible for water supply to downstream Yibo Irrigation District. The water demand peak in the Yibo Irrigation District will occur in the Page 203 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 202 months from March to November. The distributions of water temperatures are shown in Table 5.3-13 when the project intake is determined at El.911.66m. Alagou Reservoir Water Temperature Variation at Intake Level during Irrigation Period Table 5.3-13 MONTHS WATER TEMPERATURE AT W ATER LEVEL M ARCH A PRIL M AY J UNE J ULY A UGUST S EPT . O CT . N OV . 911.66 INTAKE LEVEL 5.6 12.6 16.6 19.1 20.7 18.6 15.5 11.0 4.8 940.77-935.77 SURFACE 7.5 19.5 26.8 30.3 33.4 30.3 23.9 15.8 4.5 WATER TEMPERATURES AT INTAKE LEVEL - SURFACE LEVEL - 1.9 - 6.9 - 10.2 - 11.2 - 12.7 - 11.7 - 8.4 - 4.8 0.3 Table 5.3-13 shows that the temperatures of water around intake level will have a difference within 9 with the temperatures of surface water in the months of March, April, September and October. The Chinese national regulations regarding the irrigation water specified that the irrigation water should have a temperature difference limited within 10 with the farmland existing water. Considering the water temperature recovery along the conveyance alignment, the discharged water in the months of March, April, September and October will have a little impact on the agricultural irrigation. The temperature of water around intake level will rise up of 0.3 in November favorable for agricultural irrigation. It is noted that the temperature of water around intake level will drop significantly as much as 10 comparing with the surface water temperature in the months of May, June, July and August, but the high temperature in the ambient environment in those months will contribute to a quick recovery of water temperature along the conveyance alignment. The diversion tunnel will have a conveyance length of 20km to the closest Nanshan Mine area, which constitutes a long distance for water temperature recovery. Based on the experience from the similar Chinese projects, the temperature of water supply in the months of May, June, July and August when reaching the farmland can satisfy Chinese national codes in terms of irrigation water supply. (3) quality of water Status-quo: The water of the three rivers which the reservoir projects will concern with comes from melting glacier, seasonal melting snow from mountainous region, precipitation and a few replenishment of groundwater. There is no entrance of industrial pollution along the river channel. The main pollution sources will come from the organic pollutants carried by erosion behaviors of upstream flood and rainstorm flushing ground surface. Environmental impact forecast: i. impact of reservoir impoundment on water quality Page 204 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 203 Reservoir impoundment will raise the level of the water immediately adjacent to the dam and submerge all vegetation and land below the normal pool level. After that vegetation decomposition will release organic matters, land submerged will loss fertilizer and pesticide, and the organic components of N and P in the reservoir will be increased sequentially. Reservoir impoundment will lead to a huge augment in the water body but obvious reduction in the river flow velocity. The increase in the water body and enhancement in the suspension sedimentation will reduce the concentration of suspension in the water body. Basically, the quality of reservoir water can maintain current status conditioning no more pollution discharges. In order to stop the degradation of reservoir water quality, reservoir bottom cleaning up shall be done pretty well before reservoir impoundment. ii. impacts of overhead’s living sewage on water quality Statistics of Discharge of Living Sewage during Reservoir Operation Period Table 5.3-14 P R OJECT C O MPONENT L IVING SEWAGE DAILY D ISCHARGE T MEIYAOGOU RESERVOIR 0.6 ERTANGGOU RESERVOIR 1.44 ALAGOU RESERVOIR 1.61 Conclusions: Because the rivers which the reservoir projects will be concerned with are categorized as Class II, the living sewage to be occurred during future operation period shall be given a stringent treatment measure. The living sewage shall be used in a composite way after treatment. No discharge into rivers may be allowed. The design requirements in relation to the composite use of living sewage after treatment will be described in the environmental protection measure part hereinafter. 5.3.1.2 Analysis on the impacts on eco-environment (1) forecast the impacts on ecological integrity The dominant vegetation in the proposed construction area (except reservoir) for the reservoirs is natural. Common species are desert xeric shrubs and herbaceous plants. Main land is desert grassland with a vegetation coverage rate less then 10% generally. Based on the Report of Resources and Utilization of Grassland in Xinjiang , topographical maps in a scale of 1:100,000 of Turpan City, Shanshan County and Tuokesun County and interpretation results of TM Remote Sensing Image conducted in year 2007, a vegetation type map in a scale of 1:100,000 is drafted covering the whole EIA involved reservoir area. 3S-based technologies are also used to analyze the current status of land utilization. It is concluded that: the natural regional ecosystem in the reservoir project area has a low eco- stability and capability against disturbance. Regional ecological environmental quality would not have strong recovery ability after disturbance. In general, ecological environmental quality of the natural regional ecosystem is poor. ----Meiyaogou Reservoir Page 205 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 204 A. change in the productivity of natural ecological system From the perspective of EIA covered area and the project itself, the changes in the productivity will be embodied from the aspects of reservoir submergence and project green works measure. Meiyaogou Reservoir will submerge cropland of 0.9hm 2 , garden plot of 0.94hm 2 , forest of 0.33hm 2 , and cause an increment in water area of 60hm 2 . The project management area will have a forest of 0.4 hm 2 and greensward of 0.8 hm 2 . Hence, the variation in the biomass of natural ecosystem in the project area as a result of land requisition and change with the land utilization way is shown in Table 5.3-15. Summary of Variation in the Biomass in the EIA Covered Area Table 5.3-15 Change in land use Land use Nature Area hm 2 Change in Biomass t Cropland Reservoir submergence 0.9 5.4 Garden Reservoir submergence 0.94 4.9 Forest land Reservoir submergence 0.59 1.48 Water area increase 60 +21 Forest by green works green works in project management area 0.4 +1.8 Greensward by green works green works in project management area 0.8 2 Total +13.02 The data in above table indicates that the change in the land utilization ways after project operation will increase the biomass of the natural ecosystem in the EIA covered area by 13.02t. Divided by the EIA covered area (45.07 km 2 ), the pure productivity will be increased by 0.28g/m 2 .a. B. impacts on the eco-stability in the EIA covered area The measurement of natural eco-stability will be interpreted from two aspects of resilience and resistance. measurement of resilience The measurement of ecosystem resilience is done through the measurement of biomass of vegetation. The launch of this project will bring an increment in the biomass of 13.02 tons to the natural regional ecosystem. Divided by the EIA covered area (45.07 km 2 ), the pure productivity will be increased by 0.28 g/m 2 .a. It is concluded that the productivity of the EIA covered area will be increased to 69.63 g/m 2 .a slightly higher than the current productivity of 69.35 g/m 2 .a. Hence, the project operation will have certain favorable impacts on natural ecosystem resilience. measurement of resistance The stability of resistance depends on the quantity of components, space distribution and Page 206 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 205 heterogeneity degree that a natural ecosystem is made of. Generally, the degree of heterogeneity of vegetation in a natural ecosystem is used for measurement. The project operation will alter to some extent the distribution pattern and space of the original natural ecosystem within the project concerned area in ways that increase landscape composition, convert original river beaches and barren land based area to water area dominant, segment original landscape space pattern, and improve the landscape fragmentation, which mean that the project development will upgrade the heterogeneity degree of the natural ecosystem to some extent. Hence, the stability of resistance of natural ecosystem will not be affected very much. C. impacts on composite quality of regional ecosystem The dominance of each type of land before and after the project operation is summarized in Table 5.3-16. Dominances of Each Type of Land within the EIA Covered Area of Meiyaogou Reservoir Project Table 5.3-16 Density Rd Frequency Rf Landscape percentage Lp Dominance Do Land type Before project After project Before project After project Before project After project Before project After project change Unused land 5.56% 4.98% 98.48% 93.21% 80.30% 79.12% 66.16% 64.11% -2.05% Grassland 24.07% 24.07% 36.36% 36.36% 4.81% 4.81% 17.51% 17.51% 0.00% Water area 1.85% 5.31% 24.24% 28.79% 2.48% 3.82% 7.76% 10.44% 2.67% Forest land 12.96% 10.30% 22.73% 19.32% 4.33% 3.55% 11.09% 9.18% -1.91% Construction land 33.33% 35.74% 18.18% 24.24% 1.63% 3.73% 13.69% 16.86% 3.17% Cropland 3.70% 2.35% 7.58% 7.58% 1.49% 1.24% 3.57% 3.10% -0.46% River beaches 18.52% 17.25% 22.73% 20.80% 4.95% 3.73% 12.79% 11.38% -1.41% The data in the above table shows that the land use pattern will change a bit after project operation, and the changes in the dominance values of construction land and water area will be the utmost, increased by 3.17% and 2.67%, respectively. The dominance of unused land will descend a little because some of unused land will be used, but unused land will be still dominant in this area. Hence, the project development will have limited impact on the regional eco-environment and the unused land will continue to keep its prevailing role in this area. From some perspective, the increment in the water area will be favorable to the quality of natural regional ecosystem. It is concluded that the project neither in development period nor in operation period will give big negative impacts on the quality of natural regional ecosystem within the EIA covered area basically. ----Ertanggou Reservoir A. change in the productivity of natural ecological system From the perspective of EIA covered area, the changes in the productivity will be embodied from the aspects of forest, grassland, cropland to be submerged by the reservoir, forest and grassland to be permanently occupied, green works on the both sides of permanent roads, Page 207 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 206 restoration of vegetation in the construction sites, living area, quarry/borrow sites and temporary disposal yards. The variation in the biomass of natural ecosystem in the project area after the project development and project operation is shown in Table 5.3-17. Summary of Variation in the Biomass in the EIA Covered Area of Ertanggou Reservoir Project Table 5.3-17 \03\03\03\03\03\03\03\03 Change in land use Type of Vegetation Nature Area hm 2 Change in biomass t scattered wood land Down 5.09 -61.12 Forest land Shrub land Reservoir submergence, land use for complex works, land use for road Down 6.10 -48.76 Middle coverage Down 1.34 -4.70 Grassland Low coverage Reservoir submergence, land use for complex works, land use for road Down 61.20 -122.86 Cropland Reservoir submergence Down 0.94 -5.63 River water area Reservoir submergence Up 83.95 294.16 Water area River beaches Reservoir submergence, land use for complex works Down 6.97 -20.86 Land for building Reservoir submergence Down 0.77 0.00 Bare land land use for road Down 1.54 0.00 Total Up 30.23 The data in above table indicates that the change in the land utilization ways after project operation will increase the biomass of the natural ecosystem in the EIA covered area by 30.23t. Divided by the EIA covered area, the pure productivity will be increased by 0.002g/m 2 .a. B. impacts on the eco-stability in the EIA covered area The measurement of natural eco-stability will be interpreted from two aspects of resilience and resistance. measurement of resilience The stability of ecosystem is metastable. It means that an ecosystem fluctuates centering a position, departing to an unbalance position sometimes but encircling the centre position all along. The measurement of ecosystem resilience is done through the measurement of biomass of vegetation. The launch of this project will bring an increment in the biomass of 30.23 tons to the natural regional ecosystem. Divided by the EIA covered area (49.26 km 2 ), the pure productivity will be increased by 0.002 g/m 2 .a. It is shown in Table 5.3-17 that the changes in the productivity will be embodied from the aspects of permanent requisition of forest land, grassland and cropland and permanent occupation of grassland for construction use as well as the increment in the water area. All these will increase the biomass of natural regional ecosystem after the operation of the project from current 0.62 g/m.d to 0.622 g/m.d, increased by 0.32% only. Hence, the project operation will have neglectable impacts on natural ecosystem Page 208 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 207 resilience. measurement of resistance The stability of resistance depends on the quantity of components, space distribution and heterogeneity degree that a natural ecosystem is made of. Generally, the degree of heterogeneity of vegetation in a natural ecosystem is used for measurement. The project operation will alter to some extent the distribution pattern and space of the original natural ecosystem within the project concerned area in ways that increase landscape composition, convert original river beaches and barren land based area to water area dominant, segment original landscape space pattern, and improve the landscape fragmentation, which mean that the project development will upgrade the heterogeneity degree of the natural ecosystem to some extent. Hence, the stability of resistance of natural ecosystem will not be affected very much. Heterogeneity is defined as the degree (intensity) of variation from the perspective of space or time of a kind of resource (or some kind of nature) prevailing in a group or in a senior biological organization in a region (landscape or ecosystem). The natural systems more senior than the landscapes should need a high heterogeneity to ensure long-term stability and necessary flexibility of the ecosystem for the human beings against disturbance outside. Since all parts consisting of the heterogeneity have different niches, which provide habitats and moving scope for animal species and plant species as well as a complex and delicate utilization relationship against external disturbance. Table 5.3-18 shows that the land use pattern within project development area and submerged area will change after project operation, and the changes in the water area and building land use will be the utmost. Included in the changes, water area will be increased from 101.50 hm 2 to 185.45 hm 2 ; forest land and grassland area will be reduced to some extent including the decrease of 0.11% of scattered wood land, decrease of 0.13% of shrub land, decrease of 0.03% of middle coverage grassland and decrease of 3.5% of low coverage grassland. Grassland has dynamic control ability, low coverage grassland is a dominant part in the EIA covered area, and the decrease in the low coverage grassland will be unfavorable to the heterogeneity. Since the decrease in the area of grassland is limited, the impact is quite minor. Generally, the resistance of EIA covered area will degrade to some extent but not very much. Comparison of Land Use Pattern Before and After the Operation of Ertanggou Reservoir Table 5.3-18 Area hm 2 Accounting for total land area % Number of patches (piece) Land Type Before operation After operation Before operation After operation Before operation After operation Scattered wood land 73.578 68.488 1.50 1.39 15 10 Shrub land 36.17 30.07 0.74 0.61 10 7 Middle coverage grassland 106.03 104.69 2.16 2.13 16 14 Low coverage grassland 4247.1 4185.9 86.48 84.98 71 52 Page 209 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 208 cropland 15.10 14.16 0.31 0.29 6 0 River water area 101.50 185.45 2.07 3.76 22 39 River beaches 219.43 212.46 4.47 4.31 46 38 Land for building use 1.12 0.35 0.02 0.01 13 2 Bare land 125.94 124.4 2.56 2.53 8 5 C. impacts on composite quality of regional ecosystem The dominance of each type of land before and after the project operation is summarized in Table 5.3-19. Dominances of Each Type of Land within the EIA Covered Area of Ertanggou Reservoir Project Table 5.3-19 R d % R f % L p % D 0 % Land type Before operation After operation Before operation After operation Before operation After operation Before operation After operation Scattered wood land 7.25 5.99 32.79 29.02 1.5 1.39 10.76 9.45 Shrub land 4.83 4.19 46.21 41.89 0.74 0.61 13.13 11.83 Middle coverage grassland 7.73 8.38 20.67 16.47 2.16 2.13 8.18 7.28 Low coverage grassland 34.30 31.14 64.98 58.64 86.48 84.98 68.06 64.94 cropland 2.90 0.00 80.23 0.00 0.31 0.00 20.94 0.00 River water area 10.63 23.35 23.65 41.71 2.07 3.76 9.60 18.15 River beaches 22.22 22.75 36.74 32.94 4.47 4.31 16.97 16.08 Land for building use 6.28% 1.20 27.36 32.11 0.02 0.01 8.42 8.33 Bare land 3.86% 2.99 70.13 62.49 2.56 2.53 19.78 17.64 The data in the above table shows that the land use pattern will change after project operation, and the changes in the dominance value of water area will be the utmost, while dominance values of forest land and grassland impaired. The dominance of rivers will be increased from current 9.6% to 18.15% after the project, cropland impaired utmost from current 20.94% to 0% after the project because the cropland in this area will be submerged completely, low coverage grassland impaired from current 68.06% to 64.94% after the project. In general, the composite quality of ecosystem within the EIA covered area will be improved to some extent but quite limited; the dominance of low coverage grassland will be still dominant in this area and will continue to keep its prevailing role in this area. Hence, the project development and future operation will have limited impact on the composite quality of regional eco-environment in this area. ----Alagou Reservoir A. change in the productivity of natural ecological system From the perspective of EIA covered area, the changes in the productivity will be embodied from the aspects of forest, grassland, cropland to be submerged by the reservoir, forest and grassland to be permanently occupied, green works on the both sides of permanent roads, restoration of vegetation in the construction sites, living area, quarry/borrow sites and temporary disposal yards. Page 210 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 209 The variation in the biomass of natural ecosystem in the project area after the project development and project operation is shown in Table 5.3-20. Summary of Variation in the Biomass in the EIA Covered Area of Alagou Reservoir Project Table 5.3-20 \03\03\03\03\03\03\03\03 Change in land use Type of Vegetation Type of Vegetation Type of Vegetation Change in land use Forest land Scattered wood land Reservoir submergence, land use for complex works, land use for road Down 7.69 -52.11 Middle coverage Down 2.46 -7.36 Grasslan d Low coverage Reservoir submergence, land use for complex works, land use for road Down 71.31 -124.86 River water area Reservoir submergence up 113.71 302.16 Water area River beaches Reservoir submergence, land use for complex works Down 7.27 -21.86 Land for building use Reservoir submergence Down 0.77 0.00 Bare land land use for road Down 1.54 0.00 Total Up 31.62 The data in above table indicates that the change in the land utilization ways after project operation will increase the biomass of the natural ecosystem in the EIA covered area by 31.62t. Divided by the EIA covered area, the pure productivity will be increased by 0.0013g/m 2 .a. B. impacts on the eco-stability in the EIA covered area The measurement of natural eco-stability will be interpreted from two aspects of resilience and resistance. measurement of resilience The stability of ecosystem is metastable. It means that an ecosystem fluctuates centering a position, departing to an unbalance position sometimes but encircling the centre position all along. The measurement of ecosystem resilience is done through the measurement of biomass of vegetation. The launch of this project will bring an increment in the biomass of 31.62 tons to the natural regional ecosystem. Divided by the EIA covered area (69.26 km 2 ), the pure productivity will be increased by 0.0013 g/m 2 .a. It is shown in Table 5.3-20 that the changes in the productivity will be embodied from the aspects of permanent requisition of forest land, grassland and cropland and permanent occupation of grassland for construction use as well as the increment in the water area. All these will increase the biomass of natural regional ecosystem after the operation of the project from current 0.51 g/m.d to 0.511 g/m.d, increased by 0.25% only. Hence, the project operation will have neglectable impacts on natural ecosystem resilience. measurement of resistance The stability of resistance depends on the quantity of components, space distribution and heterogeneity degree that a natural ecosystem is made of. Generally, the degree of Page 211 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 210 heterogeneity of vegetation in a natural ecosystem is used for measurement. The project operation will alter to some extent the distribution pattern and space of the original natural ecosystem within the project concerned area in ways that increase landscape composition, convert original river beaches and barren land based area to water area dominant, segment original landscape space pattern, and improve the landscape fragmentation, which mean that the project development will upgrade the heterogeneity degree of the natural ecosystem to some extent. Hence, the stability of resistance of natural ecosystem will not be affected very much. Heterogeneity is defined as the degree (intensity) of variation from the perspective of space or time of a kind of resource (or some kind of nature) prevailing in a group or in a senior biological organization in a region (landscape or ecosystem). The natural systems more senior than the landscapes should need a high heterogeneity to ensure long-term stability and necessary flexibility of the ecosystem for the human beings against disturbance outside. Since all parts consisting of the heterogeneity have different niches, which provide habitats and moving scope for animal species and plant species as well as a complex and delicate utilization relationship against external disturbance. Table 5.3-21 shows that the land use pattern within project development area and submerged area will change after project operation, and the changes in the water area and building land use will be the utmost. Forest land and grassland area will be reduced to some extent. Grassland has dynamic control ability, low coverage grassland is a dominant part in the EIA covered area, and the decrease in the low coverage grassland will be unfavorable to the heterogeneity. Since the decrease in the area of grassland is limited, the impact is quite minor. Generally, the resistance of EIA covered area will degrade to some extent but not very much. Comparison of Land Use Pattern Before and After the Operation of Alagou Reservoir Table 5.3-21 Area hm 2 Accounting for total land area % Number of patches (piece) Land Type Before operation After operation Before operate ion After operation Before operation After operation Scattered wood land 63.62 56.43 1.11 0.99 21 23 Middle coverage grassland 117.32 114.7 2.05 2.00 17 13 Low coverage grassland 5246.2 5174.92 91.68 90.44 69 57 River water area 96.57 187.27 1.69 3.27 24 44 River beaches 179.49 172.22 3.14 3.01 41 45 Land for building use 4.13 3.36 0.07 0.06 11 4 Bare land 14.86 13.32 0.26 0.23 8 5 C. impacts on composite quality of regional ecosystem The dominance of each type of land before and after the project operation is summarized in Table 5.3-22. Dominances of Each Type of Land within the EIA Covered Area of Alagou Reservoir Project Page 212 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 211 Table 5.3-22 R d % R f % L p % D 0 % Land type Before operation After operation Before operation After operation Before operation After operation Before operation After operation Scattered wood land 1.11 0.99 22.79 24.02 10.99 12.04 11.47 12.27 Middle coverage grassland 2.05 2.00 18.61 17.43 8.90% 6.81 9.62 8.26 Low coverage grassland 91.68 90.44 66.90 58.64 36.13 29.84 57.71 52.19 River water area 1.69 3.27 24.66 43.74 12.57 23.04 12.87 23.27 River beaches 3.14 3.01 36.74 33.97 21.47 23.56 20.71 21.03 Land for building use 0.07 0.06 27.36 37.15 5.76% 2.09 6.89 10.35 Bare land 0.26 0.23 41.06 41.49 4.19 2.62 12.43 11.74 The data in the above table shows that the land use pattern will change after project operation, and the changes in the dominance value of water area will be the utmost, while dominance value of grassland impaired. The dominance of rivers will be increased from current 12.87% to 23.27% after the project, low coverage grassland impaired from current 57.71% to 52.19% after the project. In general, the composite quality of ecosystem within the EIA covered area will be improved to some extent but quite limited; the dominance of low coverage grassland will be still dominant in this area and will continue to keep its prevailing role in this area. Hence, the project development and future operation will have limited impact on the composite quality of regional eco-environment in this area. (2) forecast the impacts on aquatic ecology ----Meiyaogou Reservoir Meiyaogou Renmin Canal Headworks was built in 1950s-60s. It is the first water retaining and conveyance works on the Meiyaogou River. However, the water diversion conducted by the Renmin Canal Headworks dries up the downstream river reaches. The runoff could not reach the downstream reaches except that the flood in the upstream is very big and can ’t be handled by the canal completely. The blockage and water diversion of the Renmin Canal Headworks completely cut off the habitats of aquatic life. The living conditions in the river reaches downstream of the headworks have been lost and unavailable for the fishy and other aquatic life. The status-quo of the river reaches of 4 km downstream to the Renmin Canal Headworks are of dry river course and exposed riverbed and for water passing during flood period. In this case, the development of this project will have no impacts of aquatic ecology in the project concerned river reaches. ----Ertanggou Reservoir impacts on microzooplankton, phytoplankton and meiofauna After the operation of the project, the river will slow down significantly comparing with previous river course, but its transparence and nutrients will be increased, reservoir water area will be wider comparing with previous river water area, microzooplankton and phytoplankton will be dense quickly. However, the varieties and distribution will change. Influenced by the river flow adjacent to the reservoir tail, the dominant varieties are current- Page 213 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 212 loving species. The more close to the middle and downstream reservoir, the more the microzooplankton and phytoplankton, the dominant group are of lacustrine. The biomass of meiofauna will increase due to the increment in their lures (microzooplankton, phytoplankton). Because the river flow will slow down because of reservoir, the dominant varieties in the reservoir will evolve accordingly from current river adaptive Caenidae larva, Odonata larva (current-loving cold water type) to lake and reservoir adaptive Diptera Chironomus larva. In addition, composition and species of meiofauna will be more. Because the river course where the project will be located has a torrent flow perennial and low water temperature unsuitable for the growth of aquatic plants. There are few aquatic plants in the river as so far. After the completion of Ertanggou Reservoir, slowing down river flow will enrich organic nutrients in the water body and help the growth of aquatic plants to some extent. impacts on fisheries i. dam barrier The dam of the reservoir will form a barrier blocking the path of fishes from reservoir going down to the downstream river reaches, alter the distribution of fishes and cumber the germplasm exchange to some extent. But the status-quo of fishy distribution in the Ertanggou River proofs that the fishy resources herein are distributed in the upstream reaches, while the dam will be located on middle reaches without concerning the concentrated area of habitat, lure area and multiplying places of fishes. Native fish resources in the Ertanggou River Basin are sedentary stocks, namely that their habitat, lure area, multiplying places and overwintering places are all fixed in certain region. In this case, the dam barrier will not affect the multiplying of native fish resources. ii. change in hydrological regime ----reservoir hydrological regime Firstly, the formation of Ertanggou Reservoir will make considerable changes in the hydrological regime of the water body. The habitat environment of fishes will be changed. Since the fishes have different requirement on the habitat environment, the fish stock compositions will alter accordingly. The investigations over the living habits of the native fish resources in the Ertanggou River Basin show that Tripiophysa(T.) microps, Tripiophysa(T.) leptosoma, Tripiophysa(T.) Turpan and Tripiophysa(T.) Si are all adaptive to low river flow. The reservoir development will significantly slow down the river reaches in the reservoir area which will be favorable to the habitat and multiplying of those native fishes that are living in the upstream reaches and will migrant to the reservoir area. Secondly, the reservoir will form a new aquatic ecosystem after its operation. The considerable increment in the fish lures of microzooplankton, phytoplankton and meiofauna will lead to an increment in the native fishes of Tripiophysa(T.) microps, Tripiophysa(T.) leptosoma, Tripiophysa(T.) Turpan, Tripiophysa (T.) Si and commercial fishes such as carp, silver crucian accordingly. The reservoir will be an ideal feeding, overwintering and spawning places for those fishes. Page 214 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 213 ----downstream river reaches hydrological regime Since there are no distributions of fish resources in the river reaches downstream of the dam, there will no impact of variation with hydrological regime on the fish resources. conclusions In general, project operation will affect the space distribution of fish resources to some extent but not have an unfavorable impacts bear on the germplasm resources or multiplying. ----Alagou Reservoir impacts on microzooplankton, phytoplankton and meiofauna After the operation of the project, the river will slow down significantly comparing with previous river course, but its transparence and nutrients will be increased, reservoir water area will be wider comparing with previous river water area, microzooplankton and phytoplankton will be dense quickly. However, the varieties and distribution will change. Influenced by the river flow adjacent to the reservoir tail, the dominant varieties are current- loving species. The more close to the middle and downstream reservoir, the more the microzooplankton and phytoplankton, the dominant species are of lacustrine. The biomass of meiofauna will increase due to the increment in their lures (microzooplankton, phytoplankton). Because the river flow will slow down because of reservoir, the dominant varieties in the reservoir will evolve accordingly from current river adaptive Caenidae larva, Odonata larva (current-loving cold water type) to lake and reservoir adaptive Diptera Chironomus larva. In addition, species composition and biomass of meiofauna will be more. Because the river course where the project will be located has a torrent flow perennial and low water temperature unsuitable for the growth of aquatic plants. There are few aquatic plants in the river as so far. After the completion of Alagou Reservoir, slowing down river flow will enrich organic nutrients in the water body and help the growth of aquatic plants to some extent. impacts on fisheries i. dam barrier The dam of the reservoir will form a barrier blocking the path of fishes from reservoir going down to the downstream river reaches, alter the distribution of fishes and cumber the germplasm exchange to some extent. The analysis on the status-quo of Alagou River shows that mountainous region is the river source region, the area downstream to the mountain pass is runoff dissipation zone, the runoff discharge would be considerable different in the regions upstream and downstream of the mountain pass. Fishes can ’t survive without water, so the fish resources are mainly distributed in the river reaches upstream of the mountain pass. Because the proposed dam site will be located on the river reaches of 2 km upstream to the mountain pass, the reservoir development will reduce the living room of fishes. But the river reaches upstream to the propose dam site is still very long, the minor decrease in the living room as a result of reservoir would not cause an obvious impact on fish stocks. Page 215 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 214 In addition, the investigations conducted by the Aquatic Production Research Institute over the status-quo of aquatic ecosystem of the Alagou River shows that there are only small- sized fish resources in the Alagou River due to its water body temperature and hydrology and no distribution of native fishes; all distributions of fish stocks are common species widely distributed in the water system north to the Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang; there are no fixed feeding, overwintering and spawning places for those fishes; those fishes have a strong adaptability. Hence, the dam barrier will not cause an obvious unfavorable impact on the fish resources in this river basin. ii. change in hydrological regime ----reservoir hydrological regime Firstly, the formation of Alagou Reservoir will make considerable changes in the hydrological regime of the water body. The reservoir will form a new aquatic ecosystem after its operation. The considerable increment in the fish lures of microzooplankton, phytoplankton and meiofauna will lead to an increment in the fish stock accordingly. ----downstream river reaches hydrological regime Since there are quite few distributions of fish resources in the river reaches downstream of the dam, there will minor impact of variation with hydrological regime on the fish resources. The development of Alagou Reservoir will change the hydrological characters of local reaches of the Alagou River, alter the aquatic ecosystem to some extent, convert mountainous torrent to a low-flow reservoir surrounded by valley, sequentially followed by a considerable change in the aquatic life in the reservoir-concerned river reaches. The aquatic ecosystem of the downstream river reaches will change to some extent due to the variation in the hydrology of local reaches and the temperature of discharged water, the species composition and biomass of aquatic life in the reaches will also change a bit. Since the statue-quo of Alagou River is that the dominant aquatic lives are inferior plankton, there are few of small-sized fish stock and economical value in use is less. Hence, the variation in the water environment after the completion of the project will enrich the compositions and species and increase the biomass of aquatic lives. 5.3.1.3 Impacts on environmental geology ----Meiyaogou Reservoir (1) reservoir leakage Since the reservoir bed of this project has a bad leakage before development, the reservoir has been given an overall impervious treatment, so the reservoir leakage will be not very much. (2) reservoir slope stability When the reservoir normal pool level is at El.962.5m, the reservoir backwater will be about 1.4 km long. The reservoir capacity under a normal pool level will form on the depositional terraces of Classes III to V on both banks. Both east and west banks of the reservoir are made of alluvium and pluvial layers Q 3 al+pl with boulders, pebbles and gravels of Upper Page 216 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 215 Pleistocene Series of Quaternary. The tectonics is middle tight to tight, slightly muddy cementitious, and weak muddy calcium cementitious locally. The left bank in a range of 1300 m away from the main dam axis (from the main dam to reservoir tail) is made of terraces of VIII with an elevation ranging from El.1050 to El.1000 m, and 70~80 m above the river level. An escarpment of 60~67m high is formed at the rear edge of the terrace of IV. There will be occurrence of collapse after the reservoir impoundment (under normal pool level El.962.5m), necessary slope cutting treatment shall be done in accordance with a recommended slope gradient of 1:1.25 1:1.5. The right bank of the reservoir area are terrace developed with a ridge height ranging from 3m to 6m, the fore edge of terraces are comparatively flat ranging from 25°to 40°, which can ensure a stable reservoir bank without occurrence of collapse. (3) reservoir submergence and immergence The reservoir will be located on the river bed in a low mountainous area in the Meiyaogou River Basin. The area surrounding the reservoir is made of sand, pebbles and gravels. There is a lined canal, entitled “No.1 Renmin Canal” routed on the terraces of III and IV on the left bank. The 3# gulley mouth is grape orchards in an area of 0.013 km 2 , some stone houses are also over there; on the terraces on the right bank, there are an abandoned factory in an area of about 0.09 km 2 , many workshops, and hennery converted from workshops. When the reservoir reaches its normal pool level of El.962.5m, aforesaid grapes, factory and other buildings will be submerged. Since the lithology of the reservoir is sand, pebbles and gravels which constitute a permeability coefficient of k=5.0×10 -3 1.1×10 -2 cm/s determined through in-situ testing. It means middle to strong permeable layer. Surface water will not have a strong capillary action, so there will no immergence problem. (4) earthquake risk The earthquake probably triggered by the reservoir development is subject to the regional geological tectonics and activity of tectonics, stress field status of new structure, lithology and reservoir scale, etc. From the perspective of regional earthquake and geological tectonic conditions, the regional geological tectonic herein is not developed, seismic movements are relatively weak. Piedmont fault F1 is about 2 km away from the proposed dam site and not crossing through the reservoir area. The area around the reservoir is made of the overburden of the Quaternary which will not lead to the accumulation of elastic stress in the rock mass, there is no stress concentrated zone in and around the reservoir, the reservoir itself is on a small size and provided with an overall impervious treatment, so the reservoir impoundment will not trigger earthquake. ----Ertanggou Reservoir (1) reservoir leakage The mountains on the both banks are huge and magnificent and far higher than the normal pool level. There are no major faults crossing through mountains on both banks and no strata with high permeability. There is no deep valley neighboring the reservoir. Hence, there will be no permanent leakage after reservoir impoundment. (2) reservoir slope stability Page 217 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 216 The baserock that the reservoir banks are made of is tuff and dacite dominantly. Middle thick to thick tuff strata are dominant, forming a big angle with the river flow direction. Those tuff strata are relatively flat generally so as to provide a good stability for the banks without concern of occurrence of large-scale collapse. But there will be small landslip or falling locally along surfaces of the high and steep slopes under the actions of folds, cracks, faults and weathering. Terraces of III at the proposed dam site on the left bank are distributed in a length of about 650 m, ranging from El.1485 m to El.1495 m, with a terrace deck width between 10 m and 25 m. Those Terraces are below the normal pool level, there will no bank slope restructuring problem. Hence, there will no risk of large-scale collapse, and the stability of reservoir banks is fine. (3) reservoir submergence and immergence The reservoir impoundment will raise surface water table. With time going by, the groundwater level in the zone around the reservoir will rise up due to the lateral replenishment by the river water, a balance will be achieved finally, and replenishment to each other will be formed following the alteration of seasons. The region submerged by the reservoir is mainly of baserock and some loosened stratum of Quaternary locally which are made of fine sandy soil and pebbles dominantly. Because the outcropped area of the Quaternary is small both in area and thickness, the layer above the submergence line is sandy and gravel soil layer with good permeability, swale and saline-alkaline land will not occur in a big size. Hence, the reservoir immergence will not trigger unfavorable geological problems and not worsen instability of banks. (4) earthquake risk From the perspective of regional earthquake and geological tectonic conditions, Ertanggou Reservoir will be located at the stable plate between regional Bogeda north-range fault zone and Bogeda south-range fault zone, regional earthquake tectonics are less developed, seismic movements are relatively weak. Piedmont fault F2 is about 13 km away from the proposed dam site and not crossing through the reservoir area. The reservoir itself is on a small size, the reservoir effect will not influence this piedmont fault F2. It is concluded that the possibility of occurrence of earthquake to be triggered by the reservoir impoundment will be at a neglectable side. ----Alagou Reservoir (1) reservoir leakage The lithology that the reservoir bed is made of is relatively impervious volcano debris. There is no larger fault crossing through the reservoir bed. The mountains on the left bank are huge and magnificent without low saddles developed; the landform on the right bank from the middle section of the reservoir is characterized by a stripped ridge in which the gullies are quite developed, one transversal deeply cut gulley is close to the reservoir bank, and there is a saddle developed between this gulley and Gobi with a ground surface at El.965m approximately. When the reservoir pool level is designed at El.940.26, the saddle will remain a thickness of about 1.8 km. This saddle is made of tuffaceous fine sandy rock and tuffaceous sandstone and tuff without fault cut through. Comparing with the results of the pressure test conducted at dam abutment ZK8 and ZK9, it is known that the strata of 33 m ~ 36 m beneath the ground surface are relatively impervious strata, above this zone are weak to middle pervious rock mass. The analysis on those issues indicates that the level of relatively Page 218 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 217 impervious strata is lower than the design reservoir pool level, the reservoir would probably leak along strata cracks or joint vein, but the seepage path is very long, permeability is weak, so the leakage would not be problematic. (2) reservoir slope stability Reservoir area has loosened deposits made of bank and baserock bank, totally two kinds. Except a stable landslide developed on the left bank, there are no more occurrences of landslides besides the small-sized breakdowns locally. Considering the reservoir banks made of boulders, sands, pebbles and gravels at the sloped zone of fore edge of terraces of II and III on the right bank close to the reservoir head and the reservoir banks made of soil intercalated with broken stone at the gulley mouth on the left bank close to the reservoir head, after the reservoir impoundment, once the loosened layer is saturated, the mechanical performances of those banks will be impaired, which are unfavorable to the bank stability. This reservoir bed is located at the exit section of Alagou Canyon at the western edge of Turpan Basin suffering a strong wind frequently due to its special geological circumstance. After reservoir impoundment, the waves would erode to some extent the banks made of loosened deposits and lead to a bank slope collapse finally; the baserock made bank consists of volcano debris in a gradient r anging from 45° to 60°, inclined to the river valley, dip upstream due right bank. There are no big faults threatening the slope stability. All reservoir banks have no integrated stability problem. But local steep sloped banks on the left bank would occur small breakdown because the rock mass have been strongly weathered, off-load cracks are well developed and the internal discontinuities will become weak under the actions of reservoir water erosion. But generally, the safety operation of reservoir will not be affected. (3) reservoir submergence and immergence There are no industrial and mineral enterprises, no residential regions (previous residential communities at the high floodplain have been abandoned), no exploitable and valuable mines and few dry land to be submerged; but the cultural relic investigation indicates that there are distributions of cultural relics within the reservoir area. (4) earthquake risk This reservoir lies in a compound zone of two tectonic units of Grade II as Boluokenu geosynclinal flod buildings zone of Tianshan Flod System and Yilianhaerbinai Compound Anticline of Northern Tianshan eugeosynclinal zone, where there are two regional active faults (Xiaerga TianShan Major Fault and Zhunumutai-Dayanhe Fault) crossing though the region of 5 km~7km south to the project area. Both historical data and recent observations proof that both faults are of earthquake pregnant tectonic systems. But reservoir impoundment will not affect those two earthquake pregnant tectonic systems because the reservoir bed is made of volcano debris which form a relatively impervious strata except shallow layer, there is no possibility of reservoir water leaking to deep locations, in addition, the reservoir bed is small sized; on the other hand, the reservoir bed is of hard rock layer interbedded with soft rock layer, and integrity of rock mass forms a monoclinal structure with high dip angle and a strike in parallel with the river valley approximately. Both lithology and tectonics provide no conditions for accumulation of high stresses. It is concluded that the possibility of occurrence of earthquake to be triggered by the reservoir impoundment will be at a neglectable side. Page 219 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 218 5.3.1.4 Impacts on social environment ----Meiyaogou Reservoir (1) downstream agricultural production The operation of Meiyaogou Reservoir will make floods being an act of goods, effectively put an end to the downstream water shortage in spring as a result of uneven distribution of water resources in terms of time and space, and provide a reliable guarantee for the development in oasis. The reservoir operation joining hands with the downstream water- saving irrigation project will significantly save agricultural water consumption, cut down agricultural input and increase pure incomes of farmers. The forecasting results proof that the temperature of the water discharged from the Meiyaogou Reservoir will not change very much and be capable of getting recovery after the long conveyance distance through the Renmin Canal, no impacts on downstream agricultural production. Hence, the initiation of Meiyaogou Reservoir will play an active role in the sustainability and stability of local agricultural development. (2) flood control Meiyaogou Reservoir is designed to take the tasks of retaining flood in summer concurrently with providing flood control for the downstream area. The flood control and dispatching will be conducted in ways that: in case of a flood inflow less than a safe discharge of 120 m 3 /s, inflow equal to discharge, maintain the flood limit level; in case of a flood inflow more than a safe discharge, when the reservoir level is below the flood control limit level of El.964.2 m, control the discharge within a safe limit; in case the reservoir level surpasses the flood control limit level, take a free discharge according to the discharge capability of the hydraulic works, drop the reservoir level below the flood control limit level, control discharge, and maintain the flood control limit level. Such flood control and dispatching will be done by the Turpan City Flood Control Dispatching Command Center in a unified way. The flood control and dispatching by the Meiyaogou Reservoir, the flood control standard for the downstream area will be upgraded from 3-year-recurrence flood to the 20~50-year- recurrence flood, the composite flood control capacity of the whole river basin will be enhanced so as to alleviate the people from flood disasters and effectively protect their life and property. (3) social economy Water shortage has been all alone one of key factors constraining the national economical development in Turpan City. In 2007, gross industrial and agricultural value of output in Turpan only accounted for less 50% of the total gross domestic product (GDP). The operation of Meiyaogou Reservoir will provide industrial and agricultural water, on the one hand, ensure a stable agricultural development, on the other hand, drive rapid industrial development, gradually form a agriculture-based sound circle, use industry to drive agriculture and use industrial income to finance agriculture, foster local economical development, provide more employment chances, increase people ’s income, upgrade their livelihood and keep the stability in the ethnic minority communities. ----Ertanggou Reservoir Page 220 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 219 (1) resettlement This project will concern the resettlement of 20 households (97 people) due to its reservoir submergence. All relocatees are the Uygur herders from Qialekan Village, Shengjin Township, and Turpan City. The impacts on the environment as a result of resettlement will be in two aspects: firstly the relocatees themselves; secondly the receipt area; the impacts on the relocatees will be also in two aspects: production resettlement and livelihood restoration. A. impacts on relocatees Firstly, the landform of receipt area is the same as that of previous living area of relocatees. The receipt area is also Uygur people communities consistent with previous living area in terms of social custom and cultural so as to provide relocatees the same living circumstances as before, and there would be no concerns of native integration; secondly, in accordance with the Written Reply to the Resettlement of Ertanggou Reservoir Project, TuDiXing [2008] No.178 , based on the actual conditions of the relocatees, each relocated household will be allocated with 2 mu of garden plot (including cattle and sheep pen ) and 2 mu of pasture. The receipt area will be equipped with necessary complete living and production facilities to ensure the livelihood of those relocatees upgraded comparing with their previous life before relocation; thirdly, the receipt area is only 15 km away from their previous living area, so short distance will be convenient for their resettlement. In general, such resettlement will not bring obvious unfavorable impacts on the relocatees themselves. B. impacts on receipt area i. analysis on the environmental capacity of receipt area All relocatees to be caused by the Ertanggou Reservoir submergence are all herders, total 98 in need of resettlement in the planned designed target year. Based on the resettlement standard for one herder of 2 mu of land, at least of 2 mu of garden plot (including 1 mu for housing and 1 mu for livestock raising farm) and a house in a floor area of 90~100 m 2 , the receipt area needs to allot a pure land area of 236 mu. Included in the allotted land, pure area of cropland total 196 mu, pure area of garden land total 40 mu, the lands for agricultural land shelter forest, lateral canal and lateral ditches, agricultural machine road, on-farm road and resident road total 421 mu. Field investigations show that there are totally 30000 mu land available for use in the receipt area; however, the land in this receipt area is unfertile, fertilizing has to be done before cultivation, and the fertilized land will yield a production than the output of previous land; the existing school in the Handunkanbakaner Village has enough reception capacity, so no additional school is needed. The aforesaid analysis indicates that the resettlement is proper from the perspective of environmental capacity. ii. impacts on the environment of receipt area Firstly, resettlement housing build, production development, restoration of specific facilities submerged, traffic facilities, power facilities and other infrastructure will bring about various Page 221 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 220 damages with vegetation and destroy original landscapes of the receipt area. In addition, mucks, disposals occurred during constructions and improper handling of remaining sand, soil and stone will cause new soil erosion under the actions of surface runoff and rainfall flushing, which will also destroy the eco-environment in the receipt area. Hence, proper guidance shall be given during the resettlement to avoid a large amount of soil erosion probably caused by disorderly development, estrpement and over-sized constructions. Secondly, after the movement into the receipt area, the improper treatment of living sewage and garbage produced by the relocatees will also contaminate the local environment. Hence, infrastructures shall be rehabilitated before the reception of relocatees. The sewage collection network existing in the Handunkanbakaner Village can be extended to collect the sewage in a unified way. The collected sewage can be treated together with the living garbage of the Handunkanbakaner Village. Once necessary measures are available, the pollution probably caused by the entrance of the relocatees to the receipt area can be minimized or avoided. (2) downstream agricultural production The operation of Ertanggou Reservoir will make floods being an act of goods, effectively put an end to the downstream water shortage in spring as a result of uneven distribution of water resources in terms of time and space, and provide a reliable guarantee for the development in oasis. The reservoir operation joining hands with the downstream water-saving irrigation project will significantly save agricultural water consumption, cut down agricultural input and increase pure incomes of farmers. The forecasting results proof that the temperature of the water discharged from the Ertanggou Reservoir will not change very much and be capable of getting recovery after the long conveyance distance, no impacts on downstream agricultural production. Hence, the initiation of Ertanggou Reservoir will play an active role in the sustainability and stability of local agricultural development. (3) flood control The operation of Ertanggou Reservoir will upgrade the flood control standard for the downstream area from current 5-year-recurrence flood to the 20-year-recurrence flood so as to reduce the occurrence of disasters in the river basin. (4) social economy The operation of Ertanggou Reservoir will guarantee the irrigation water for Ertang Irrigation District and industrial water use in Shanshan County, constitute a relatively complete township water supply system in collaboration with existing water resources works, ensure a sustainable social economical development, bring forth direct financial income and taxes, drive related sectors, for instance, transportation, raw material processing, etc. and markedly foster local economical development. ----Alagou Reservoir (1) resettlement Page 222 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 221 Alagou Reservoir Project will have no resettlement problem but concern relocation of specific facilities such as national basic hydrological station —Alagou Hydrological Station, flood control dike of 6.5 km, 1 television tower, communication line of 4 km and transmission line of 3 km. Initial relocation plan: newly build a hasty road of 6.5 km to recover provincial road traffic, newly route communication line of 4 km and transmission line of 3 km and water supply pipeline of 2 km to restore their previous functions; satellite TV receiver and TV tower will be compensated based on actual inventories at their original prices; provide adequate compensation for flood control dam and access bridge; dig tumulus in accordance with related plan. Compensation scheme: in accordance with compensation unit price and inventory indexes, the compensation cost in an amount of 19.4844 million Yuan will be needed for the compensation on the submergence of Alagou Reservoir including rural resettlement of 4.6644 million Yuan, relocation of specific facilities of 11.0426 million Yuan (2 million particularly for the relocation of Alagou Hydrological Station), reservoir bottom cleaning up of 150,200 Yuan, other expenses of 1.2126 million Yuan, contingency fee of 1.707 million Yuan and related taxes of 707,600 Yuan. Alagou Reservoir will have less submergence. With proper resettlement action plan, the production and livelihood that would be affected within certain period will be restored very quickly and recovered to their original level in a short period basically. Hence, the project development will have very minor impact on the overall livelihood and land use in this region. (2) irrigation district The operation of reservoir will provide higher guarantee in irrigation water supply, improve water supply conditions, and substitute the draft of groundwater in the irrigation district. When the reservoir water is used for irrigation, the groundwater in the irrigation district can be replenished to some extent through surface seepage at the same time so as to gradually raise groundwater table in the downstream region. Once groundwater table rises up, Karez can obtain more and more water from shallow aquifer, its outflow will be increased accordingly. Alagou Reservoir will bring forth obvious agricultural irrigation benefit. After operation, Alagou Reservoir can provide an annual agricultural water of 36.88 million m 3 when P=50%, 48.49 million m 3 when P=75%, which can ensure an even seasonal distribution of irrigation water to the downstream irrigation district, increase utilization rate of water resources and foster economical development in the irrigation district. (3) flood control After the completion of the project, the flood control standard of the river basin will be upgraded from 20-year-recurrence flood to 50-year-recurrence flood so as to provide a security guarantee for the life and property of the people in the downstream area and create a safe residential environment for the local people. (4) social economy Page 223 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 222 The implementation of Alagou Reservoir Project will bring forth significant social economical benefits and help regional social economical development. Tuokesun County lies at the west part of Turpan basin. Local climate is characterized by dry air, rare precipitation, strong wind and dense sand. Water shortage is one of key factors constraining local national economical development. The project development will figure out a good solution to the effective use of local water resources, provide a dependable water resources for the development of various sections in the national economy of Tuokesun County, consolidate a good foundation for boosting the economical development of Tuokesun County, gradually form a agriculture-based sound circle, use industry to drive agriculture and use industrial income to finance agriculture. The project development will bring into full use local limited water resources, drive local economical development, increase local people ’s income, improve their livelihood and also play an active role in maintain the harmony in the border area. i. impacts on agricultural economy The operation of Alagou Reservoir will bring into full use the natural runoff through regulation, make floods being an act of goods, take water conveyance measures, significantly improve the utilization rate of water resources and provide a reliable guarantee for the development in oasis. Hence, the initiation of Alagou Reservoir will play an active role in the sustainability and stability of agricultural development in oasis and also boosting the establishment of ecological agriculture. The agricultural irrigation benefits will be considerable after the reservoir completion because the utilization rate of water resources can be increased. Based on the agricultural cost determined in accordance with the investigation data collected by the investigation team organized by the agricultural economical station and price bureau and the prices of agricultural products determined in accordance with the investigation data obtained from local price bureau, cotton & hemp company, tea company and grain & oil price negotiation company, the analysis on the cost and benefit before and after the project is done and shows that irrigation agriculture in the irrigation district can get benefits of 33.265 million Yuan annually. With the development of agricultural production, farmers’ income and livelihood will be improved in a steady way, which also enhance the social stability. ii. impacts on industrial economy The reservoir can provide 7 million m 3 of water for Nanquan District in Urumqi City. Approach of Benefit-sharing Coefficient is used to compute benefits. The statistics yearbook and related investigation data of Turpan indicate that by 2010 water consumption of output value of 10,000 Yuan will be 200 m 3 , national economical benefits is taken 10% of the total output value, water works benefit-sharing coefficient is taken 0.2, it is obtained that the industrial water supply benefits will be 7 million Yuan. 5.3.2 Water-saving Irrigation Projects 5.3.2.1 Impacts on the water resource use The water-saving irrigation projects will cover a drip irrigation area of 60,000 mu. The irrigation water will come from electricity-driven wells and river water. Flood irrigation way is common in the project area. The gross water consumption is 78.4724 million m 3 before Page 224 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 223 the project and will be 45.3154 million m 3 after the project, 33.157 million m 3 saved, accounting for 42.3%. The composite gross irrigation quota will be reduced from 1121 m 3 /mu before the project to 647 m 3 /mu after the project. The utilization rate of water resources can be increased significantly. The water conserved can be supplied to other irrigation district to substitute the draft of groundwater. Other water saved can be used to develop other sectors and maintain a sound ecosystem in the area around the project. 5.3.2.2 Impacts on eco-environment At present, there are groundwater overdraft problem and a trend of environmental further worsening phenomenon. The development of the water-saving irrigation project can save water of 33.157 million m 3 consisting of surface water of 15.58 million m 3 saved and groundwater of 17.577 million m 3 substituted. The overdraft of groundwater can be effectively mitigated, and the trend of further worsening in the eco-environment can be cumbered. Meanwhile, water-saving irrigation project will improve irrigation conditions of irrigation district, boost agricultural development and plant growth, consolidate soil, conserve soil nutrition and fertilizers and effectively control and ease up soil desertification, alkaline and soil erosion. In general, the improvement in the utilization rate of water resources will effectively improve the eco-environment in the irrigation district. 5.3.2.3 Impacts on social environment The project implementation will upgrade water resource utilization coefficient, help improve irrigation district, and boost the agricultural economy in the irrigation district. The grape orchard, melon and cotton interplanted farms in the project area will be converted from low- yield land to the stable/high-yield land, increased by 13176 tons, achieving an economical output value increment of 30.45 million Yuan. The farmers will get obvious benefits therein. The project will bring into full use the current water resources, improve the economical benefits from the agricultural products, effectively ease up and mitigate the constraints of water on the agricultural productions, add more scientific stuff to the agricultural production, realize steadily the goal of “high yield, high efficiency and excellent quality”, and boost a rapid and healthy rural economical development in Turpan. The water-saving irrigation project will alter irrigation mode and probably increase the use of agricultural chemical products in the project area. This would give some negative impacts to the ambient environment. 5.3.3 Canal Newly Built (rehabilitated) Project 5.3.3.1 Impacts on eco-environment (1) Taerlang Branch Canal At present, grave groundwater overdraft occurs in the Zone I in the Meiyaogou Irrigation District, and further worsens the eco-environment locally. The operation of the project will provide 8 million m 3 of water for Zone I annually, which will effectively tackle the overdraft phenomenon in the Zone I and gradually cumber the further worsening trend. Meanwhile, the project will improve irrigation conditions of irrigation district, boost agricultural development and plant growth, consolidate soil, conserve soil nutrition and fertilizers and Page 225 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 224 effectively control and ease up soil desertification, alkaline and soil erosion. In general, the eco-environment in the irrigation district will be effectively improved by means of the rational dispatching of regional water resources and the improvement in the utilization rate of water resources. Taerlang Branch Canal will be a newly built canal. It is designed to have canal top width of 2.77~3.48 m, 7 flood control culverts and 29 flood control aqueducts along the alignment. Wild animals living in the both sides of the canal will have to pass through over the culvert or beneath the aqueduct, which means the canal would be like a small barrier for them. (2) Ertang Canal Lining The lining works for the Ertang Canal will effectively stop water erosion and canal leakage, save water resources, increase factual water consumption in the irrigation district, improve irrigation conditions, boost agricultural development and plant growth, and pave the way for sound development of internal eco-environment of the irrigation district. (3) Alagou Main Diversion Canal Agricultural irrigation surface water for Tuokesun County mainly comes from the Alagou River. After the completion, Alagou Main Diversion Canal will provide more water for the downstream area, cumber to some extent the groundwater overdraft, and help maintain the eco-stability of oasis. 5.3.3.2 Impacts on social environment The development of the canal newly built or rehabilitated projects will upgrade utilization coefficient of water resources, reduce groundwater overdraft, decrease irrigation water use cost, and relieve the burdens on farmers to some extent. Meanwhile, rational dispatching of water resources and improvement in the irrigation districts will boost the agricultural development in the irrigation district. 5.3.4 Karez Protection Project (1) impacts on eco-environment Karez uses its underground culverts to collect water and deliver water. Karez protection project can keep the Karez against collapse, sedimentation, leakage, improve its outflow, maintain a smooth flow, increase water conveyance coefficient and guarantee water supply. Karez protection project will provide dependable irrigation water for Wudaolin Forest area, pave the way for sound eco-environment and greatly reduce the mucks and disposals due to the dredging with the underground culverts. (2) impacts on social environment Being an ancient water diversion works, Karez is called one of the 3 major ancient water conservancy works in parallel with Dujiangyan Weir and Ling Canal. Kareses that were created by the ancient working people are valuable in terms of historical value, humanistic value and scientific value. The Kareses addressed to a simple structure, unpowered method, outflow by gravity are the witnesses of the knowledge of ancient people in terms of geography, geology, hydrology, water resources and so on, and the embodiments of their excellent construction skills with regard to underground canal alignment, ventilation, Page 226 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 225 lighting, mucking, etc. Kareses contain irreplaceable practical and historical information for the study on local geology, hydrology, history, culture and customs. Karez protection project can keep the Wudaolin Karez against collapse, sedimentation, leakage and improve its outflow. Thus, Karez, a live cultural relic, can be maintained forever together with the historical information endowed with. Because, Kareses are playing important role in their historical value, humanistic value and tourist value other than agricultural irrigation, keeping groundwater level in oasis and protection of ecological balance. In addition, Kareses attract thousands upon thousands of tourists both at home and abroad every year to see such “Underground Great Wall”, most of them are lost in admiration. Kareses can promote the internal awareness of local place and greatly drive local economy. 5.4 Regional Accumulative Impact Assessment The main contents of the project consist of engineering construction, management system and institutional capacity building. Included in those contents, the composite impacts od the engineering construction on the regional environment will concern regional water envrionment, eco-environment and social environment. The advanced management concepts, methods and institutions to be established will bring certain impacts bear on the water environment and social environment in Turpan Prefecture. This Chapter gives evalation on the accumulative impacts on the environment after the implementation of WB loaned water-saving irrigation project. 5.4.1 Impacts on Water Environment----water resources The project will influence the total volume of region water resources. The Forecasting of the accumulative impacts on the regional water resources is done based on the conclusions in the WB loaned Turpan Prefecture Water Conservation Project Environmental Management Report prepared by the Institue of Remote Sensing Application Chinese Acedemy of Sciences. This report describes the analysis results from two aspects—Turpan Basin and 3 independent water systems concerned with the 3 reservoir. 5.4.1.1 Water resources in Turpan Basin (1) water consumption and water balance Water consumption and water balance results are shown in Table 5.4-1. It is stated that the Turpan Basin has total water resources of 1.20159 billion m 3 (including precipitation over the basin region); total water consumption of 1.44751 billion m 3 . Total water consumption minus total water resources is 253.78 million m 3 . Water Consumption and Water Balance in Current Year and Planned Target year in Turpan Basin Table 5.4-1 No. Item Unit Current year Planned target year 1 Project area km 2 19166.63 19166.63 2 Water resources 10 6 m 3 1201.59 12.0159 Surface water resources (I) 10 6 m 3 874.00 874.00 Page 227 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 226 Natural water replenishment for groundwater (I) 10 6 m 3 41.00 41.00 precipitation P 10 6 m 3 286.59 286.59 3 Outflow (O) 10 6 m 3 7.86 7.86 4 Actual water consumption 10 6 m 3 1447.51 1265.39 Crop water consumption (ETagr) 10 6 m 3 797.20 668.44 Environmental ecological water consumption (ETeco) 10 6 m 3 603.18 176.43 Water consumption for living and livestock use 10 6 m 3 2.02 68.14 Industrial and urban water consumption (WCurb) 10 6 m 3 35.11 350.00 Tertiary industry water consumption 10 6 m 3 10.00 Reservoir water surface evaporation (ETeco) 10 6 m 3 In need of further investigation 2.38 5 Groundwater storage changes 10 6 m 3 -253.78 -71.66 Table 5.4-1 indicates that by planned target year the groundwater storage changes in the Turpan Basin will approach to -71.66 million m 3 from current -253.78 million m 3 . Although overdraft will still occur in the Turpan Basin, the overdraft volume will be cut down significantly. 5.4.1.2 Impacts on water resources of 3 rivers The composite impacts on the regional water environment probably suffering from the project mean the accumulative impacts on the 3 independent water systems on which the 3 reservoirs will be located. (1) impact of Meiyaogou Reservoir on the Meiyaogou River Basin water works planning for the Meiyaogou River Basin contained in the Report of Planning for Five River Basins Both upper and middle reaches of the Meiyaogou River are characterized by high mountains, dangerous roads, escarpments, densely distributed gullies, inconvenient traffic, poor construction conditions and difficult water resource development conditions. The planning this time doesn ’t consider the layout of project in those reaches. The lower reaches of the Meiyaogou has no escarpment, no headrace conditions, but the topographical conditions for a reservoir bed available. In addition, the Meiyaogou River Basin is extremely short of water and suffering frequent floods. Thus, it is stated in the Report of Planning for Five River Basins that the main tasks of treatment and development of the Meiyaogou River Basin are “building reservoir project, regulating storage in parallel with flood control”. The proposed planned water works is only the Meiyaogou Reservoir. forecast water resources in the basin Turpan City has an area of 1014.38 km 2 downstream to the Meiyaogou Reservoir including the area of oasis of 299.58 km 2 , accounting for 44.39% of the total oasis area in Turpan City. Current groundwater overdraft in the basin is 79.8094 million m 3 . It is planned that the reservoir will additionally provide 20 million m 3 for Shenghonghua Page 228 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 227 Industry Park and other industrial water consumers. The agricultural water use will be reduced from current 135 million m 3 to 57.26 million m 3 , decreased by 57%. The water consumption and water balance in current year and planned target year are shown in Table 5.4-2. Water Consumption and Water Balance in Current Year and Planned Target Year in Meiyaogou River Basin Table 5.4-2 \03 No. Item Unit Current year Planned target year 1 River basin downstream of the Meiyaogou Reservoir km 2 1014.38 1014.38 2 Oasis area km 2 299.58 299.58 3 County oasis area km 2 674.94 674.94 4 Percentage of project-concerned oasis area accounting for total oasis area in the county % 44.39% 44.39% 5 Reservoir area km 2 0.00 0.58 6 Water resources 10 3 m 3 114855.9 114855.9 Surface water (I) 10 3 m 3 81070.0 81070.0 Piedmont lateral(I) 10 3 m 3 19009.8 19009.8 precipitation(P) 10 3 m 3 14776.1 14776.1 7 Outflow 10 3 m 3 7000.0 7000.0 8 Actual water consumption 10 3 m 3 187665.2 114432.1 Crop water consumption (ETagr) 10 3 m 3 135024.9 57265.5 Environmental ecological water consumption (ETeco) 10 3 m 3 52006.6 52006.6 Water consumption for living use 10 3 m 3 214.3 214.3 Industrial and urban water consumption (WCurb) 10 3 m 3 419.5 4194.6 9 Reservoir water surface evaporation (ETeco) 10 3 m 3 0.00 751.1 10 Groundwater storage changes 10 3 m 3 -79809.4 0.00 (3) Conclusions It is shown in Table 5.4-2 that groundwater overdraft still occurs in the Meiyaogou River Basin where the project will be located. The development of Meiyaogou Reservoir in collaboration with complete water-saving irrigation project in the downstream irrigation district will achieve a balance between the inflow and outflow of groundwater by the planned target year in this river basin so as to put an end to the groundwater overdraft fundamentally. 5.4.1.2 Ertanggou reservoir project (1) Ertanggou River basin planning contained in the Report of Planning for Three River Basins in Shanshan County It is stated in the Report of Planning for Three River Basins in Shanshan County that the Ertanggou River Basin is extremely short of water and suffering frequent floods. Thus, Page 229 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 228 the main tasks of treatment and development of the Ertanggou River Basin are “building reservoir project, regulating storage in parallel with flood control”. The proposed planned water works is only the Ertanggou Reservoir. (2) forecast water resources in the Ertanggou River Basin Shanshan County has an area of 1625 km 2 downstream to the Ertanggou Reservoir including the area of oasis of 357 km 2 , accounting for 67% of the total oasis area in Shanshan County. Current groundwater overdraft in the basin is 110 million m 3 . It is planned that the reservoir will additionally provide 12 million m 3 for industrial water consumers. The agricultural water use will be reduced from current 176 million m 3 to 64.62 million m 3 , decreased by 63%. The water consumption and water balance in current year and planned target year are shown in Table 5.4-3. Water Consumption and Water Balance in Current Year and Planned Target Year in Ertanggou River Basin, Shanshan County Table 5.4-3 \03 No. Item Unit Current year Planned target year 1 River basin downstream of the Meiyaogou Reservoir km 2 1625.69 1625.69 2 Oasis area km 2 357.71 357.71 3 County oasis area km 2 534.35 534.35 4 Percentage of project-concerned oasis area accounting for total oasis area in the county % 66.94% 66.94% 5 Reservoir area km 2 0.00 0.9 6 Water resources 10 3 m 3 158972.1 158972.1 Surface water (I) 10 3 m 3 99605.0 95019.0 Piedmont lateral(I) 10 3 m 3 22193.0 22193.0 precipitation(P) 10 3 m 3 37174.1 37174.1 7 Outflow 10 3 m 3 0.00 0.00 8 Actual water consumption 10 3 m 3 268781.4 160209.0 Crop water consumption (ETagr) 10 3 m 3 175741.0 64628.8 Environmental ecological water consumption (ETeco) 10 3 m 3 91758.3 91758.3 Water consumption for living use 10 3 m 3 318.6 434.7 Industrial and urban water consumption (WCurb) 10 3 m 3 963.5 2221.7 Reservoir water surface evaporation (ETeco) 10 3 m 3 0.00 1165.5 10 Groundwater storage changes 10 3 m 3 -109809.3 0.00 (3) Conclusions It is shown in Table 5.4-3 that groundwater overdraft still occurs in the Ertanggou River Basin where the project will be located. The development of Ertanggou Reservoir in collaboration with complete water-saving irrigation project in the downstream irrigation district will achieve a balance between the inflow and outflow of groundwater by the planned target year in this river basin so as to put an end to the groundwater overdraft fundamentally. Page 230 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 229 5.4.1.3 Alagou reservoir project (1) Alagou River basin planning contained in the Report of Planning for Two River Basins in Tuokesun County Alagou River is a bigger river out of two river systems in Tuokesun County. It is stated in the Report of Planning for Two River Basins in Tuokesun County that a development scheme of one reservoir one stage is determined including a regulation reservoir providing multiple purposes as flood control, irrigation, water supply and ecological protection, etc. (2) forecast water resources in the Alagou River Basin The area downstream to the Ertanggou Reservoir is 363.44 km 2 including the area of oasis of 150 km 2 , accounting for 33.4% of the total oasis area in Tuokesun County. It is planned that the reservoir will additionally provide 43.47 million m 3 for the industry park, reduce water surplus from current 44.46 million m 3 to 33.78 million m 3 , but no groundwater overdraft occurs. The water consumption and water balance in current year and planned target year are shown in Table 5.4-4. Water Consumption and Water Balance in Current Year and Planned Target Year in Alagou River Basin, Tuokesun County Table 5.4-4 \03 No. Item Unit Current year Planned target year 1 River basin downstream of the Meiyaogou Reservoir km 2 363.44 363.44 2 Oasis area km 2 150.19 150.19 3 County oasis area km 2 451.98 451.98 4 Percentage of project-concerned oasis area accounting for total oasis area in the county % 33.23% 33.23% 5 Reservoir area km 2 0.00 0.36 6 Water resources (P+I) 10 3 m 3 150733.7 150733.7 Surface water (I) 10 3 m 3 134300.0 134300.0 Groundwater replenishment 10 3 m 3 14350.0 14350.0 precipitation(P) 10 3 m 3 2083.7 2083.7 7 Actual water consumption 10 3 m 3 106273.2 116951.7 Crop water consumption (ETagr) 10 3 m 3 81924.7 81924.7 Environmental ecological water consumption (ETeco) 10 3 m 3 15898.0 15898.0 Water consumption for living use 10 3 m 3 353.8 353.8 Industrial and urban water consumption (WCurb) 10 3 m 3 8096.7 18314.2 8 Reservoir water surface evaporation (ETeco) 10 3 m 3 0.00 461.0 9 Groundwater storage changes 10 3 m 3 44460.5 33782.0 5.4.2 Impacts on Eco-environment 5.4.2.1 Evaluation on the impacts on ecological integrity (1) Regional eco-stability Page 231 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 230 The measurement of natural eco-stability will be interpreted from two aspects of resilience and resistance. The measurement of ecosystem resilience is done through the measurement of biomass of vegetation. The launch of the project will alter the land use pattern in Turpan Prefecture (see Table 5.4-5 and Figures 5.4-1 and 5.4-2). The project land requisition data describe that in Turpan Prefecture, the project land requisition and reservoir submergence will lead to the increment in water area of 3.81 km 2 , dam, reservoir management area, canals and other affiliated structures of 2.82 km 2 , however decrease in forest land of 0.21 km 2 , grassland of 0.62 km 2 , cropland of 0.07 km 2 and unused land of 5.73 km 2 . The shrinkage in the forest land and grassland will degrade regional ecological productivity, but the increment in the regional water area will compensate the degradation aforesaid. Thus, the project implementation will not affect regional ecological productivity very much, also not cause obvious impacts on the ecosystem resilience in Turpan Prefecture. The stability of resistance depends on the quantity of components, space distribution and heterogeneity degree that a natural ecosystem is made of. Generally, the degree of heterogeneity of vegetation in a natural ecosystem is used for measurement. The project land requisition, particularly the constructions of roads and canals will fragment to some extent the distribution pattern and space of the original landscapes, improve the landscape fragmentation, increase the patches from 1,156 to 1,172, but reduce a bit the average area of each patch. The increment in the water area will improve the degree of heterogeneity of vegetation in Turpan Prefecture. In general, the land use pattern in the EIA covered area will not be changed substantially, so unused land will be still dominant in this area. In addition, the plant implementation will not change desert vegetation community within the EIA covered area, and heterogeneity will be kept ecologically. Thus, the stability of resistance of natural ecosystem will not be affected very much. The analysis on the impacts on the resilience and resistance of eco-stability proofs that the launch of the project will not cause obvious impacts on the regional eco-stability in Turpan Prefecture. Comparison of Land Uses Before and After the Project in Project Area Table 5.4-5 Area km 2 Accounting for total area % Landscape (pcs.) Area of each patch on average km 2 /piece Land type Before operation After operation Before operation After operation Before operation After operation Before operation After operation Forest land 301.17 300.96 0.41 0.41 38 38 7.08 6.08 Grassland 10270.21 10269.59 14.08 14.08 263 262 69.70 69.22 Water area 1880.99 1880.93 2.58 2.58 68 70 6.17 7.09 Cropland 312.59 315.42 0.43 0.43 438 446 20.23 20.16 Land for building use 64.12 67.93 0.09 0.09 25 29 9.45 10.79 Unused land 60100.91 60095.18 82.41 82.40 324 327 2.93 2.70 Total 72930.00 72930.00 100.00 100.00 1156 1172 63.09 62.23 (2) composite quality of regional eco-system Page 232 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 231 The launch of the project will alter the dominances of landscapes, and see Table 5.4-6 in details. The changes in the dominance values of construction land and water area will be the utmost. The water area will be increased from current 0.69% to 0.77% after the project, increased by 12.53%; the dominance of construction land will be increased from current 10.37% to 10.45% after the project, increased by 0.72%; the project will fragment cropland and lead to an increment in the number of cropland patch, so the dominance of cropland will be increased slightly from current 3.85% to 3.87% after the project. On the other hand, the dominance of forest land will descend from current 1.34% to 1.33% after the project, decreased by 0.95%; the dominance of grassland will descend from current 17.23% to 17.13% after the project, decreased by 0.61%; the dominance of unused land will descend from 69.67% to 69.63%, very slightly. In general, the project will enhance the dominance of water area, promote the composite quality of EIA covered area, however the degradation of dominances of forest land and grassland will cause certain negative impact on the composite quality; meanwhile, as the typical landscape, the unused land in Turpan Prefecture will be changed slightly without any impairment in its dominance. Thus, from the perspective of landscape, the launch of the project will not affect very much the composite quality of eco- system in Turpan Prefecture. Variation of Dominances of Each Type of Landscape Before and After the Project in Turpan Prefecture Table 5.4-6 R d % R f % L p % D 0 % Land type Before operation After operation Before operation After operation Before operation After operation Before operation After operation Forest land 3.29 3.24 1.24 1.23 0.41 0.41 1.34 1.33 Grassland 22.75 22.35 18.02 18.00 14.08 14.08 17.23 17.13 Cropland 5.88 5.97 4.36 4.36 2.58 2.58 3.85 3.87 Water area 2.16 2.47 0.40 0.43 0.09 0.09 0.69 0.77 Land for building use 37.89 38.05 2.74 2.86 0.43 0.43 10.37 10.45 Unused land 28.03 27.90 85.82 85.81 82.41 82.40 69.67 69.63 5.4.2.2 Impacts on Aiding Lake (1) water area and water level The main complementary water sources for the Aiding Lake come from the runoff confluences along the sloped ground surface, surface runoff of various rivers originating from Bogeda Mountain of eastern Tianshan Mountain Range, under current as well as seepage of agricultural irrigation. The replenishment from runoff confluences along the sloped ground surface is less in volume and variation; groundwater and surface runoff are the main replenishment for the Aiding Lake. However, various water works built in recent decades of years divert a large amount of surface water and cut off the replenishment of Aiding lake considerably, which lead to shrinkage of Aiding Lake gradually; the water diverted from other place is mostly used for agricultural irrigation. The expansion of oasis irrigation area leads to more plant transpiration and less replenishment for Aiding Lake. In Page 233 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 232 order to protect the Aiding Lake against further destroy, the development of the water works shall take into account the ecological water demands of Aiding Lake. The related analysis shows that since many years, the water balance is minus, but Aiding Lake is considered based on a mean annual average water balance. The equation is that: X+Y+Q=Z+ H.F Where, X —annual precipitation in Aiding Lake take 0 Y—surface runoff into Aiding Lake, 100 million m 3 /a The constructions of reservoirs and storage pools in the upstream area have cut off surface water, while the draft of a large quantity of groundwater has led to the dry-up of many springs and kareses. The limited agricultural irrigation recession flow has leaked or evaporated along their way to the Aiding Lake, so taking Y=0. Q—groundwater into Aiding Lake, (100 million m 3 /a) As so far, Aiding Lake keeps water area of about 4 km 2 (based on the American satellite data in 1987 ), salt brine like area of 120 km 2 . Main replenishment comes from groundwater. Get Q through evaporation value: The evaporation (salinity) has an inverse relationship with the mineralization of the lake. Take an evaporation of 1000 mm based on a fresh water area, consider evaporation at salt brine area of 30% of that of freshwater area, get evaporation of 340 mm (obtained from the Aiding Lake Glauber's salt mine survey data made by the No.11 geological team in 1987). It is estimated that: Q=0.04+0.408=0.448 m 3 /a Where, the value 0.04 is the evaporation over the water area of 4km 2 , and the value 0.408 is the evaporation over the salt brine and pellicular salt area of 120 km 2 . Z—evaporation over Ailing Lake area 100 million m 3 /a including t he evaporation both over the water area of 4km 2 and the salt brine and pellicular salt area of 120 km 2 , actually, Z=Q H.F —difference with the evaporation due to lake surface variation H —lake level variation range, take 0 Based on aforesaid analysis and estimation, the equation is simplified into: Q=Z 0.448m 3 /a It means that the current water balance trend in the Aiding Lake is lake evaporation comes from groundwater beneath the pellicular salt area at an amount of about 44.48 million m 3 annually. It is concluded based on the aforesaid computations that the minimum replenishment to the Aiding Lake shall not be less than its evaporation volume of 44.48 million m 3 if the status- quo of the water area of 4km 2 and the salt brine and pellicular salt area of 120 km 2 has to be maintained. It is stated in the Report of Planning for Two River Basins in Tuokesun County Page 234 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 233 that a protection goal for the Aiding Lake has been put forward based on the regional natural conditions and current situation of ecological protection works, namely guarantee with the ecological water demands of Aiding Lake and desert vegetation. The allocations of water resources are 16.29 million m 3 /a for Turpan City, 9.98 million m 3 /a for Tuokesun County and 18.53 million m 3 /a for Shanshan County. In the five-river basin of Turpan City, Meiyaogou River contributes surface water resources of 24.53%. According to the water resource allocation percentage, it should provide replenishment for Aiding Lake of 2.996 million m 3 /a. The Meiyaogou Reservoir will provide water of 6.14 million m 3 /a for Meiyaogou Zone I, agricultural recession flow will be 36.84 million m 3 /a considering a recession coefficient of 0.6; provide water of 14.6 million m 3 /a for Shenghonghua Industry Park, industrial recession flow will be 4.38 million m 3 /a considering a recession coefficient of 0.3; totally 41.22 million m 3 /a for the downstream area. This water supply will be far more than the water supply requirement of 2.996 million m 3 /a. Thus, in spite there will be partial evaporation loss in the process of under current replenishment, Meiyaogou Reservoir can fulfill the water supply to the Aiding Lake as per the allocation specified. The operation of Meiyaogou Reservoir will not quicken the shrinkage of the Aiding Lake area. Meanwhile, the analysis results described in the water resource balance part in relation to the Meiyaogou Reservoir show that the groundwater overdraft will be tackled to some extent, which is favorable for the restoration of Aiding Lake area and its water level. In the three-river basin of Shanshan County, Ertanggou River contributes surface water resources of 29.63%. According to the water resource allocation percentage, it should provide replenishment for Aiding Lake of 2.957 million m 3 /a. The Ertanggou Reservoir will be required to provide ecological discharge of 7.784 million m 3 /a for the downstream area; Ertang Irrigation District needs 39.5 million m 3 /a, and agricultural recession flow will be 23.7 million m 3 /a considering a recession coefficient of 0.6; Industry zone needs water of 11.1 million m 3 /a, industrial recession flow will be 3.3 million m 3 /a considering a recession coefficient of 0.3; totally 34.84 million m 3 /a for the downstream area. This water supply will be far more than the water supply requirement of 2.957 million m 3 /a. Thus, in spite there will be partial evaporation loss in the process of under current replenishment, Ertanggou Reservoir can fulfill the water supply to the Aiding Lake as per the allocation specified. The operation of Ertanggou Reservoir will not quicken the shrinkage of the Aiding Lake area. Meanwhile, the analysis results described in the water resource balance part in relation to the Ertanggou Reservoir show that the groundwater overdraft will be tackled to some extent, which is favorable for the restoration of Aiding Lake area and its water level. In the two-river basin of Tuokesun County, Alagou River contributes surface water resources of 46.11%. According to the water resource allocation percentage, it should provide replenishment for Aiding Lake of 8.544 million m 3 /a. The Alagou Reservoir will be required to provide ecological discharge of 12.614 million m 3 /a for the downstream area; Nanshan Irrigation District needs 70 million m 3 /a, and agricultural recession flow will be 4.2 million m 3 /a considering a recession coefficient of 0.6; Industry zone needs water of 40 million m 3 /a, industrial recession flow will be 12 million m 3 /a considering a recession coefficient of 0.3; totally 28.81 million m 3 /a for the downstream area. This water supply will be far more than the water supply requirement of 18.53 million m 3 /a. Thus, in spite there will be partial evaporation loss in the process of under current replenishment, with the contribution of Baiyang River, Alagou Reservoir can fulfill the water supply to the Aiding Lake as per the allocation specified. The operation of Ertanggou Reservoir will not quicken the shrinkage of Page 235 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 234 the Aiding Lake area. (2) Impact of project benefits on the eco-environment from the view of water works conservation One of the project development tasks is to improve the utilization rate of surface water by means of the establishment of on-farm water works, substitute the draft of groundwater, optimize the configuration of water resources through advanced ET management mode, reduce regional NBET, realize water conservation in the true sense and achieve a balance between ET values and local usable water resources. The final goal of the project is to recover groundwater table within a specified period through cumbering and closing electricity-driven wells and establishing a water right management system. Thus, the project will give a positive impact to the Aiding Lake. 5.4.3 Impacts on Social Environment 5.4.3.1 Regional social economy Meiyaogou Reservoir will provide 14.60 million m 3 of water for Shenghonghua Industry Park annually; Ertanggou Reservoir will provide 9.9054 million m 3 of water for Dikan Industry Park annually and 1.2032 million m 3 of water for petroleum production base annually; Alagou Reservoir will provide 40 million m 3 of water for the industry park in Tuokesun County annually and 7 million m 3 of water for Nanshan Mine area. Newly built and rehabilitated water conveyance canals will reduce the water losses due to canal leakage; the extension of water-saving irrigation technologies will significantly limit unuseful evaporation and transpiration to save water of 71 million m 3 per year. The project will improve existing configuration of water resources in Turpan Prefecture, promote the guarantee rate of industrial water supply on the premise of ensuring agricultural water supply, and create more social properties with the same amount of water resources. Thus, the launch of this project will significantly boost the rapid development of social economy in Turpan Prefecture. In addition, the implementation of the project will speedup the development of on-farm infrastructure in Turpan Prefecture, mitigate the draft of groundwater through various water works and hold back the further descending of groundwater table, figure out a good solution to the headachy problems of overdraft and eco-environment worsening, and create conditions enabling the sustainable development of local social economy. 5.4.3.2 Flood control and promotion of security for local residents The completion of the Meiyaogou Reservoir will upgrade the downstream flood control level of less 3-year-recurrence flood to the 50-year-recurrence flood under the normal operation condition of the reservoir, and flood control standard under the abnormal operation condition is designed to be 1000-year-recurrence period; the Ertanggou Reservoir will upgrade the downstream flood control level of less 5-year-recurrence flood to the 20-year-recurrence flood under the normal operation condition of the reservoir; Alagou Reservoir will upgrade the river basin flood control level of 20-year-recurrence flood to the 50-year-recurrence flood. Page 236 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 235 The improvement in the flood control capacity of Meiyaogou River, Ertanggou River and Alagou River will provide a security guarantee for the life and property of the people in the downstream area and create a safe residential environment for the local people. 5.4.3.3 Increase employment chances for local residents The progress of the project will provide more employment chances for the local people. Firstly, project constructions will create some short-term scattered employments; secondly, after the completion of the project, on the premise of ensuring the agricultural water supply the project operation can provide the water saved for the industrial development. With the rich mineral resources reserved in Turpan Prefecture, the improvement in the industrial water utilization rate will greatly boost the industrial development in this region, and more and more employment chances will be created accordingly, which will upgrade local people ’s income and improve their livelihood. When the project goes into operation period, some long-term and stable jobs will be available including the technicians and management people who will directly participate in the project. In addition, the initiation of the project will improve investment environment considerably, attract more fund, speedup industrial and agricultural development, drive the prosperity of tertiary industry concurrently, and provide more employment chances. 5.4.3.4 Protection of historical and cultural heritage The protection of Kareses is one of key component of the project. Protection of Karez is protection of historical and cultural heritage. Karez is one of important touring sites in Turpan Prefecture. Thus, the launch of this project not only protects Kareses themselves but also protects the touring resources of Turpan Prefecture. 5.4.3.5 Favorable to environmental management capacity building Throughout the whole process of the project, WB will introduce into Turpan Prefecture new water resource management and planning, provide useful training for related management personnel, improve institutional capacity building and increase the functioning efficiency of local governments and other water environmental administrative agents. 5.4.3.6 Others The project implementation, establishment of ET management system and development of WUAs will make the water using system more equitable in the project area. The extension of water-saving, high efficient agriculture with ethnic communities, farmer households and extremely poor village groups can help them improve income and shake off the property as a result of water shortage so as to strike the gap between the poor and the rich among village groups and farmer households. Page 237 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 236 6 Mitigation Measures Based on the environmental impact analysis, the chapter descries in details the specific mitigations measures against unfavorable impacts toward the construction period and operation period of reservoir project, water-saving irrigation project, main canal newly built or rehabilitated project and Karez protection projects, and clearly assigns the specific execution institutes. 6.1 Reservoir Project 6.1.1 Design Stage 6.1.1.1 Common measures During design stage, following measures will be taken with the 3 reservoirs to mitigate the environmental impacts caused by the project development: (1) analysis on the environmental rationality of selection of damsite; (2) analysis on the environmental rationality of selection of quarry sites; (3) analysis on the environmental rationality of selection of disposal yards; (4) investigations on public participation. There are also differences when taking above measures in view of specific reservoir project, for details see section 6.1.1.2. 6.1.1.2 Special measures (1) Meiyaogou Reservoir Project The design of Meiyaogou Reservoir Project has taken in account as much as possible the environmental protection from the perspective of dam site alternative comparison, selection of quarry/borrow/disposal sites and construction scheduling design so as to maximize the project benefits at the cost of minimized disturbance and change with the environment. analysis on the environmental rationality of selection of damsite Two dam site alternatives are determined during this stage, namely upper dam site alternative and lower dam site alternative. Upper dam site alternative: proposed upper dam site will be located on the river reaches of about 200m upstream of the Meiyaogou Hydrological Station, about 4 km downstream of the Renmin Canal Headworks, and about 2.3 km away from the mountainous pass; Lower dam site alternative: proposed upper dam site will be located on the river reaches of about 7km downstream of the Meiyaogou Hydrological Station, about 1.8 km downstream of the railway bridge crossing over the Meiyaogou River. Comprehensive comparisons have been given to the main civil works in terms of multiple utilization functions, composition of hydraulic structures and their sizes, topographical and Page 238 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 237 geological conditions, layout and conditions of structures and project investment. The conclusions are that both alternatives have identical conditions basically. However, considering the main task of the reservoir of water supply to Shenghonghua Industry Park, the upper dam site alternative can realize flow by gravity and need a low cost during future operation period; in addition, the upper dam site alternative can conduct dispatching, control and management upon the Meiyaogou River in an overall way. Thus, the upper dam site alternative is recommended during this stage. The comparisons among two alternatives from the perspective of environmental rationality are described in Table 8.2-1, Chapter 8. The comparison results list in the table show that there will be a large quantity of soil and rock works in case of the upper dam site alternative; both alternatives have the same reservoir formation conditions basically without environmental constraints; both alternatives have the same requisition of land types basically, but the land submergence under the upper dam site will be less than that under the lower dam site, the upper dam site can compensate submergence impacts through proper measures; in the case of the upper dam site alternative, excavation mucks of quarry/borrow sites of C4 and C5 can be used; the upper dam site can do flowing by gravity so as to reduce the investment in labors and energy; the upper dam site alternative will need a comparatively larger soil and rock works, which would cause bigger soil erosion, but proper soil and water conservation measures can be taken to ease up those impacts; the upper dam site would bring impacts bear on the residents of Meiyaogou Village, strict management measures shall be taken. Thus, it is concluded that the upper dam site is rational environmentally. analysis on the environmental rationality of selection of quarry/borrow site Quarry site C3 selected for the project during this state lies at the riverbed and terrace I within the reservoir bed; C4 at left abutment site; C5 at terrace III on the right bank. Except proposed C5 site has artificial forest, there are no vegetation in C3 and C4 sites. C3 lies in the reservoir area. There is no more vegetation besides scattered shrubs due to the drying up of riverbed. Renmin Canal Headworks will be used to do diversion when exploiting material herein to minimize the flow flushing over the site. Reservoir bed shall be leveled before geotexitile is done. Thus, the exploitation at C3 will have no obvious impacts; C4 lies on the left bank where there is basically no vegetation growing. Excavations of C4 will be favorable to the bank stability, increment in reservoir capacity and utilization of excavated material. But attention shall be paid during excavation to limit soil erosion and the impacts probably cause thereinto; C5 lies at the terrace III on the right bank of the river, excavation herein can expand reservoir capacity. There are some abandoned workshops, an artificial forest at the southern part. C5 will be submerged by reservoir in need of compensation in currencies way. Environmental rationality of each site is shown in Table 6.1-1 below. In conclusion, the selections of those quarry sites are rational basically. Page 239 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 2 3 8 \03 S u m m a r y o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l R a t i o n a l i t y o f Q u a r r y S i t e s f o r M e i y a o g o u R e s e r v o i r P r o j e c t T a b l e 6 . 1 - 1 I t e m Q u a r r y s i t e B a s i c I n f o r m a t i o n B r i e f o f E n v i r o n m e n t R a t i o n a l i t y A n a l y s i s C 3 g r a v e l s i t e R i v e r b e d a n d t e r r a c e I w i t h i n t h e r e s e r v o i r b e d . I t s h o w s a l o n g n a r r o w s h a p e , f l a t c o m p a r a t i v e l y , s u i t a b l e f o r m e c h a n i c a l e x c a v a t i o n . T o p o g r a p h i c a l l y , i t i s f l a t s l i g h t l y , g r a v e l s i n t h e r i v e r b e d o u t c r o p s , t h e r e a r e o n l y s c a t t e r e d s h r u b s . R e n m i n C a n a l h e a d w o r k s w i l l b e u s e d t o d i v e r t r i v e r f l o w d u r i n g e x c a v a t i o n . T h i s s i t e l i e s w i t h i n d a m s i t e a r e a , p r o v i d e s a c o n v e n i e n t u s e . T h e r e a r e n o d i s t r i b u t i o n s o f t a r g e t s a n d a n i m a l a n d v e g e t a t i o n i n n e e d o f e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n . S i n c e t h i s s i t e l i e s a t t h e r e s e r v o i r b e d a n d t e r r a c e I , e x c a v a t i o n d e p t h a n d w i d t h s h a l l b e c o n t r o l l e d . R e p e a t e d e x p l o i t i n g s h a l l b e f o r b i d d e n b e c a u s e i t w o u l d c h a n g e t h e l a n d f o r m o f t h e r e s e r v o i r b e d . R e n m i n C a n a l H e a d w o r k s w i l l b e u s e d t o d o d i v e r s i o n w h e n e x p l o i t i n g m a t e r i a l h e r e i n t o m i n i m i z e t h e f l o w f l u s h i n g o v e r t h e s i t e . T h u s , t h e l o c a t i o n o f t h i s s i t e i s r a t i o n a l b a s i c a l l y . C 4 g r a v e l s i t e C 4 l i e s a t l e f t a b u t m e n t a r e a . I t i s o p e n t o p o g r a p h i c a l l y , s u i t a b l e f o r m e c h a n i c a l e x c a v a t i o n . A c t u a l l y , C 4 s i t e w i l l c o n s i s t o f t h e e x c a v a t i o n m u c k s o f l e f t a b u t m e n t . E x c a v a t i o n s o f C 4 w i l l b e f a v o r a b l e t o t h e b a n k s t a b i l i t y , i n c r e m e n t i n r e s e r v o i r c a p a c i t y a n d u t i l i z a t i o n o f e x c a v a t e d m a t e r i a l . T o p o g r a p h i c a l l y , i t i s o p e n a n d w i d e , n o v e g e t a t i o n . T h e r e a r e n o d i s t r i b u t i o n s o f t a r g e t s a n d a n i m a l a n d v e g e t a t i o n i n n e e d o f e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n w i t h i n t h e q u a r r y s i t e r a n g e . E x c a v a t i o n s o f C 4 w i l l b e f a v o r a b l e t o t h e b a n k s t a b i l i t y , i n c r e m e n t i n r e s e r v o i r c a p a c i t y a n d u t i l i z a t i o n o f e x c a v a t e d m a t e r i a l . T h u s , t h e l o c a t i o n o f t h i s s i t e i s r a t i o n a l b a s i c a l l y . C 5 g r a v e l s i t e C o n s i d e r i n g t h e i n c r e m e n t i n t h e r e s e r v o i r c a p a c i t y a n d f u l l u t i l i z a t i o n o f e x c a v a t i o n m a t e r i a l , C 5 i s l o c a t e d a t t h e t e r r a c e I I I o n t h e r i g h t b a n k o f t h e M e i y a o g o u R i v e r t o p r o v i d e f i l l s o f d a m s h e l l . W i t h i n t h e s u r v e y r a n g e , i t s h o w s a l o n g n a r r o w s h a p e . A t i t s n o r t h p a r t , t h e r e a r e s o m e a b a n d o n e d w o r k s h o p s , c o n v e r t e d t o c h i c k e n f a r m a l r e a d y ; a t i t s s o u t h p a r t , t h e r e i s a f o r e s t . T h e r e a r e n o d i s t r i b u t i o n s o f t a r g e t s a n d a n i m a l a n d v e g e t a t i o n i n n e e d o f e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n w i t h i n t h e q u a r r y s i t e r a n g e . E x c a v a t i o n s o f C 5 w i l l b e f a v o r a b l e t o t h e b a n k s t a b i l i t y , i n c r e m e n t i n r e s e r v o i r c a p a c i t y a n d u t i l i z a t i o n o f e x c a v a t e d m a t e r i a l . T h u s , t h e l o c a t i o n o f t h i s s i t e i s r a t i o n a l b a s i c a l l y . Page 240 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 239 analysis on the environmental rationality of selection of disposal yards Permanent disposal yard will be located at a terrace on the right bank of about 1.5 km upstream of the dam site. Within the range of this disposal yard, there are only some scattered common xerocole shrubs and no rare value wild animal and plant. This site will not suffer the impacts of floods and gullies. Proper measures can be taken to limit the impact of soil erosion caused by the disposals. Temporary disposal yard will be arranged within the construction area of the main civil works for the purpose of no more land occupation. The characteristics of the disposal yards are shown in Table 6.1-2. In conclusion, the selections of those disposal yards are rational basically. Characteristics of the Disposal Yards for Meiyaogou Reservoir Project Table 6.1-2 D ISPOSAL YARDS A REA H M 2 S TACKING VOLUME M 3 S TACKING HEIGHT M PERMANENT 22.0 53.78 3 TEMPORARY 2.4 6.38 2.5 T OTAL 24.4 60.16 —— analysis on the environmental rationality of general construction layout The general construction layout is designed in a principle of construction helpful, life convenient, management easy and land use saving. The layout will combine permanent structure and temporary structure together and arrange related facilities in a compacted way so as to limit construction land requisition, achieve a balance of excavation material and minimize the impacts on the original ground surface and landform. In view of the topographical conditions of the river reaches on which the dam will be located, distribution of natural construction material, supply of air, water and power and construction features, construction and processing sites will be arranged behind the dam, project management are and temporary living area will be arranged at a open platform on the right bank. The planned construction area has scattered distributions of natural vegetation, only some common xerocole vegetations with a very low coverage rate. There are no vital environmental factors constraining the general layout of the project construction. Thus, the dam site is selected rationally. analysis on the environmental rationality of planning of construction access roads In-site traffic of Meiyaogou Reservoir will be the access roads from quarry sites to concrete batching plant, or from quarry sites and batching plant to irrigation tunnel and spillway. Some hasty roads existing in the reservoir area will converted to construction roads and be accessible to each construction sites basically after necessary rehabilitations; permanent disposal yard will be arranged at a platform on the right bank of upstream to the west auxiliary abutment, thus a simple road of 0.5 km shall be built to connect complex works and permanent disposal yard. The planning and design of construction roads have taken into account bringing into full use of existing hasty roads to satisfy the transportation demands temporary construction Page 241 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 240 facilities, construction sites and operating area, so as to avoid repeated constructions, limit the destroys with original landform, soil and vegetation, and minimize the soil erosion triggered by construction disturbances. In conclusion, the planning and arrangement of project construction access roads are rational. public participation Public participation is aimed to know the project affected people ’s concerns and opinions in relation with the environmental issues and environmental impacts before the launch of the project, during the project implementation process and after the completion of the project so as to achieve a more pretty design. The personnel conducting the EIA of Meiyaogou Reservoir Project have carried out two turns of public participation activities early or late after they received the EIA assignment. The first turn was done 1 week after they received the assignment; the second was done after the completion of the first draft of EIA report. They performed various participatory methodologies targeting different groups: village committee posting public notices, notification on newspaper, delivery of questionnaires, oral inquiry, expert workshop, etc. The public opinions of this project are summarized as below: A. Meiyaogou Reservoir Project is quite important to the industrial development in Turpan. It will boost regional economical development, improve local people’s livelihood and stabilize society. B. In general, Meiyaogou Reservoir Project will not affect the environment very much. The reduction in the water discharge will not give a big negative impact on the environment. C. The flood control role of the reservoir will protect the life and property of the downstream people. When give acknowledgement to the project, the public also proposed some suggestions and requirements as follows: A. Strengthen environment protection during construction period. No discharge of waste water, waste air and waste mucks and emission of noises may be allowed before reaching specified standards. Limit the interference with the life and environment of local residents. Suggest giving the first priority to the protection of water environment during construction period. B. Strictly abide by the environmental protection laws and regulations. Avoid as much as possible destroys to the local eco-environment. Try best to do construction in parallel with protection and improvement. C. Strengthen the management and knowledge dissemination with the construction personnel, guarantee the normal living and production safety of local residents and respect the local people’s customs. Page 242 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 241 The feedbacks to the opinions and suggestions derived from the public participation activities are that: A. This report has proposed protective measures and requirement particularly regarding the environmental protection, especially the water environment protection. The cost to be occurred has been list and included in the total project investment. Meanwhile, the EMP also contains an action plan to describe in details of environmental management and supervision during construction period and operation period. B. Considering the request of maintaining the social security during the construction period, the report proposes to strengthen the supervision, education and management over all construction persons, require them to respect local customs, keep local social and public orders and guarantee the security in normal production and life. (2) Ertanggou Reservoir Project analysis on the environmental rationality of selection of damsite Two dam site alternatives have been put forward for the Ertanggou Reservoir Project during the design stage, namely hydrological station place (upper dam site) and Tuowanmailai (lower dam site). The upper dam site will be located 14 km upstream of the mountain pass; the lower dam site will be located 900m downstream of the proposed upper dam site. The Ertanggou Reservoir Project Report gives a comparison and selection among the two alternatives based on the alternatives of the main civil works from the view of environment. The comparison is descried in Table 8.2-2, Chapter 8. It is proofed in Table 6.1-4 that the lower dam site alternative is considerably better than the upper dam site alternative from the perspective of environmental protection. The alternative recommended from the engineering view is consistent with the results of environmental comparison and selection. Thus, this dam site is rational. analysis on environmental rationality of quarry/borrow sites and related environmental protection requirements There are 4 quarry sites of C1, C2, C3 and C5 and 1 borrow site of C4 for the project. All sites lie at low coverage grassland. An analysis has been done in terms of land requisition, soil, vegetation and potential environmental impacts, see Table 6.1-3 in details. It is shown in Table 6.1-3 that all sites will be located at deserted grassland area with very low coverage rate. Both exploiting zones and transportation lines will not occupy cropland or the project area with fine vegetation coverage. Thus, the material quarrying and borrowing will have comparatively small impact on the vegetation; the locations of those sites are rational. However, attentions shall be paid that material quarrying and borrowing should be done in accordance with specified exploiting depth, no repeated exploiting may be allowed, pits or caves would be formed otherwise; no material quarrying and borrowing may be done during rainstorm, otherwise the skirts of the sites would be further eroded, and soil erosion would occur heavily. Page 243 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 242 analysis on environmental rationality of disposal yards and related environmental protection requirements One Permanent disposal yard and one temporary disposal yard will be considered in the design layout of the main civil works. Both yards will be arranged at the downstream of the dam site. Within the range of the disposal yards, there are only some scattered common xerocole shrubs and no rare value wild animal and plant. The sites will not suffer the impacts of floods and gullies. Proper measures can be taken to limit the impact of soil erosion caused by the disposals. Page 244 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 2 4 3 S u m m a r y o f A n a l y s i s o n E n v i r o n m e n t a l R a t i o n a l i t y o f Q u a r r y / b o r r o w S i t e s f o r E r t a n g g o u R e s e r v o i r P r o j e c t T a b l e 6 . 1 - 3 I t e m S i t e s B a s i c I n f o r m a t i o n E n v i r o n m e n t a l B r i e f C o m p o s i t e A n a l y s i s C 1 - 1 A t a f l o o d e d p l a i n o n t h e r i g h t b a n k , 0 . 2 1 . 0 k m u p s t r e a m o f t h e d a m s i t e , o p e n a n d f l a t t o p o g r a p h i c a l l y , h a u l a g e d i s t a n c e o f 0 . 2 1 . 1 k m , a c c e s s i b l e t o t h e d a m s i t e v i a a h a s t y r o a d ; h i g h g r o u n d w a t e r t a b l e b e n e a t h t h e s i t e , b u r i e d d e p t h o n l y 0 . 5 2 . 5 m ; a f t e r c a r i n g o f r i v e r , t h i s s i t e w i l l b e s u b m e r g e d . C 1 - 2 A t t h e r i v e r b e d o n t h e l e f t b a n k , 1 . 2 3 . 2 k m d o w n s t r e a m o f t h e d a m s i t e , o p e n a n d f l a t t o p o g r a p h i c a l l y , h a u l a g e d i s t a n c e o f 1 . 2 3 . 2 k m , a c c e s s i b l e t o t h e d a m s i t e v i a a h a s t y r o a d ; h i g h g r o u n d w a t e r t a b l e b e n e a t h t h e s i t e s , b u r i e d d e p t h o n l y 0 . 5 2 . 5 m . T h i s s i t e h a s a c o n v e n i e n t e x p l o i t i n g c o n d i t i o n s a n d s h o r t h a u l a g e ; m e a n w h i l e , t h e l o c a t i o n o f t h i s s i t e k e e p s n o t o u c h o n t h e a r e a w i t h g o o d v e g e t a t i o n , s o t h e l o s s e s i n t h e d i s t u r b a n c e o f g r o u n d s u r f a c e a n d p o t e n t i a l s o i l e r o s i o n t o b e t r i g g e r e d a r e l e s s . T h i s s i t e w i l l s u f f e r n o i m p a c t s o f f l o o d ; B e c a u s e g r o u n d w a t e r a q u i f e r i n t h i s a r e a h a s a s h a l l o w b u r i e d d e p t h , e x c a v a t i o n d e p t h s h a l l b e c o n t r o l l e d s t r i c t l y . T h i s s i t e i s b a s i c a l l y s a t i s f i e d w i t h e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t . C 1 C 1 - 3 A t t h e r i v e r b e d o n t h e r i g h t b a n k , 5 . 0 8 . 4 k m d o w n s t r e a m o f t h e d a m s i t e , o p e n a n d f l a t t o p o g r a p h i c a l l y , h a u l a g e d i s t a n c e o f 5 . 0 8 . 5 k m , a c c e s s i b l e t o t h e d a m s i t e v i a a h a s t y r o a d ; t h e r e i s n o i n t e r f e r e n c e o f g r o u n d w a t e r w i t h i n t h e e x p l o i t i n g r a n g e o f t h e s i t e s . E x p l o i t i n g a n d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c o n d i t i o n s a r e g o o d . T h i s s i t e h a s a c o n v e n i e n t e x p l o i t i n g c o n d i t i o n s . A l t h o u g h h a u l a g e i s l o n g , t h e a c c e s s r o a d b e t w e e n t h e d a m s i t e a n d q u a r r y s i t e h a s b e e n r e h a b i l i t a t e d t o a p e r m a n e n t r o a d t o t h e o u t s i d e d u r i n g t h e p r o j e c t p r e p a r a t i o n p e r i o d , w h i c h p r o v i d e s a c o n v e n i e n t t r a f f i c c o n d i t i o n ; m e a n w h i l e , t h i s s i t e h a s a l o w v e g e t a t i o n c o v e r a g e r a t e , s o t h e m a t e r i a l q u a r r y i n g w i l l o n l y c a u s e m i n o r l o s s e s i n t h e b i o m a s s ; E r t a n g g o u N o . 0 c a n a l h e a d w o r k s w i l l b e u s e d t o d i v e r t w a t e r d u r i n g e x c a v a t i o n t o r e d u c e t h e r i v e r w a t e r e r o s i o n o v e r t h e s i t e . T h i s s i t e i s b a s i c a l l y r a t i o n a l . C 2 A t t h e t e r r a c e I I o n t h e r i g h t b a n k , 2 . 0 2 . 8 k m u p s t r e a m t o t h e d a m s i t e , f l a t a n d o p e n t o p o g r a p h i c a l l y , h a u l a g e d i s t a n c e o f 2 . 0 2 . 8 k m , c o n v e n i e n t t r a f f i c c o n d i t i o n s . T h i s s i t e h a s a c o n v e n i e n t e x p l o i t i n g c o n d i t i o n s a n d s h o r t h a u l a g e ; T h e l o c a t i o n o f t h i s s i t e i s b e y o n d t h e v i s i o n r a n g e o f d a m s i t e a n d a c c e s s r o a d t o t h e d a m s i t e , s u f f e r i n g n o i m p a c t s o f f l o o d ; m e a n w h i l e , t h e l o c a t i o n o f t h i s s i t e k e e p s n o t o u c h o n t h e a r e a w i t h g o o d v e g e t a t i o n , s o t h e l o s s e s i n t h e d i s t u r b a n c e o f g r o u n d s u r f a c e a n d p o t e n t i a l s o i l e r o s i o n t o b e t r i g g e r e d a r e l e s s . T h i s s i t e i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e e c o l o g i c a l p r o t e c t i o n p r i n c i p l e o f m i n i m i z i n g d e s t r o y o r l e s s d e s t r o y s w i t h l o c a l v e g e t a t i o n . C 3 C 3 - 2 A t t h e t e r r a c e I I I o n t h e l e f t b a n k , 1 . 5 2 . 0 k m u p s t r e a m t o t h e d a m s i t e , f l a t a n d o p e n t o p o g r a p h i c a l l y , h a u l a g e d i s t a n c e o f 1 . 5 2 . 0 k m . T h i s s i t e h a s a c o n v e n i e n t e x p l o i t i n g c o n d i t i o n s a n d s h o r t h a u l a g e ; t e m p o r a r y r o a d f o r t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f m a t e r i a l d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d w i l l o n l y o c c u r l e s s e x c a v a t i o n s a n d s m a l l d i s t u r b a n c e ; T h e l o c a t i o n o f t h i s s i t e k e e p s n o t o u c h o n t h e a r e a w i t h g o o d v e g e t a t i o n , s o t h e m a t e r i a l q u a r r y i n g w i l l o n l y c a u s e m i n o r l o s s e s i n t h e b i o m a s s . T h e l o c a t i o n o f t h i s s i t e i s b e y o n d t h e v i s i o n r a n g e o f d a m s i t e a n d a c c e s s r o a d t o t h e d a m s i t e , s u f f e r i n g n o i m p a c t s o f f l o o d ; T h i s s i t e i s b a s i c a l l y s a t i s f i e d w i t h e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t . C 5 A t r i v e r b e d o n t h e l e f t b a n k , 7 . 0 8 . 5 k m d o w n s t r e a m t o t h e d a m s i t e , f l a t a n d o p e n t o p o g r a p h i c a l l y , h a u l a g e d i s t a n c e o f 7 . 0 8 . 5 k m . A l l l a n d t o b e o c c u p i e d i s g r a s s l a n d w i t h a l o w c o v e r a g e . T h e s o i l i s m a d e o f b r o w n c a l c i u m s o i l . G r o u n d s u r f a c e h a s a c o v e r a g e r a t e l e s s t h a n 1 5 % o n a v e r a g e . T h e r e a r e n o d i s t r i b u t i o n s o f r a r e a n d v a l u e a n i m a l , p l a n t a n d n a t u r a l p r o t e c t i o n z o n e s . T h i s s i t e h a s a c o n v e n i e n t e x p l o i t i n g c o n d i t i o n s . A l t h o u g h h a u l a g e i s l o n g , t h e a c c e s s r o a d b e t w e e n t h e d a m s i t e a n d q u a r r y s i t e h a s b e e n r e h a b i l i t a t e d t o a p e r m a n e n t r o a d t o t h e o u t s i d e d u r i n g t h e p r o j e c t p r e p a r a t i o n p e r i o d , w h i c h p r o v i d e s a c o n v e n i e n t t r a f f i c c o n d i t i o n ; m e a n w h i l e , t h i s s i t e h a s a l o w v e g e t a t i o n c o v e r a g e r a t e , s o t h e m a t e r i a l q u a r r y i n g w i l l o n l y c a u s e m i n o r l o s s e s i n t h e b i o m a s s ; E r t a n g g o u N o . 0 c a n a l h e a d w o r k s w i l l b e u s e d t o d i v e r t w a t e r d u r i n g e x c a v a t i o n t o r e d u c e t h e r i v e r w a t e r e r o s i o n o v e r t h e s i t e . T h i s s i t e i s b a s i c a l l y r a t i o n a l . Turpan Prefecture Water-saving Irrigation Project EIA Page 245 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 2 4 4 I t e m S i t e s B a s i c I n f o r m a t i o n E n v i r o n m e n t a l B r i e f C o m p o s i t e A n a l y s i s C 4 C 4 - 2 O n t h e l e f t b a n k , 4 . 5 4 . 8 k m d o w n s t r e a m t o t h e d a m s i t e , f l a t a n d o p e n t o p o g r a p h i c a l l y . T h e r e s e r v e s o f t h i s s i t e a r e c o n c e n t r a t e d , q u i t e s u i t a b l e f o r e x p l o i t i n g . T h i s s i t e h a s n o v e g e t a t i o n b a s i c a l l y , s o t h e m a t e r i a l q u a r r y i n g w i l l o n l y c a u s e m i n o r l o s s e s i n t h e b i o m a s s ; E r t a n g g o u N o . 0 c a n a l h e a d w o r k s w i l l b e u s e d t o d i v e r t w a t e r d u r i n g e x c a v a t i o n t o r e d u c e t h e r i v e r w a t e r e r o s i o n o v e r t h e s i t e . T h i s s i t e i s s a t i s f i e d w i t h e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t . Page 246 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 245 public participation Public participation is aimed to know the project affected people ’s concerns and opinions in relation with the environmental issues and environmental impacts before the launch of the project, during the project implementation process and after the completion of the project so as to achieve a more pretty design. The personnel conducting the EIA of Ertanggou Reservoir Project have carried out two turns of public participation activities early or late after they received the EIA assignment. The first turn was done 1 week after they received the assignment; the second was done after the completion of the first draft of EIA report. They performed various participatory methodologies targeting different groups: village committee posting public notices, notices on the Shanshan County water works website, delivery of questionnaires, oral inquiry, expert workshop, etc. The public opinions of this project are summarized as below: A. Ertanggou Reservoir Project is quite important to the industrial development in Shanshan County. It will relive the pressure of water supply on irrigation and petroleum production, boost regional economical development, improve local people’s livelihood and stabilize society. B. In general, Meiyaogou Reservoir Project will not affect the environment very much. The reduction in the water discharge to the downstream of the dam site will not give a big negative impact on the environment. When give acknowledgement to the project, the public also proposed some suggestions and requirements as follows: A. Strengthen environment protection during construction period. Suggest giving the first priority to the protection of water environment during construction period. Protect the Ertanggou River from the pollution during construction period. Ensure the quality of downstream irrigation water consistent with irrigation water standard. B. The water diversion from the stem of the Ertanggou River will affect the eco- environment and landscapes at the downstream area. This project shall given equal attention to the development and protection at the same time to ensure no drying up of downstream river course. C. Take care of the benefits of the herders in the project area; strictly abide by the environmental protection laws and regulations in relation with construction project; minimize destroys to the local eco-environment. D. The main ideas of relocatees are of no mixed living. The receipt area selected for them at present has no herding roads to the seasonal grassland. Although they can plant forage to feed livestock in the receipt area, a large number of livestock have to use utmost existing grassland except housing feeding during winter months from November to February next year, so grazing transfer has to be done; climbing the mountain is also workable, but steep sloped mountain is quite inconvenient for herders to climb frequently. Relocatees request that herding roads should be built well along the reservoir before resettlement. Page 247 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 246 The feedbacks to the opinions and suggestions derived from the public participation activities are that: A. This report has proposed protective measures and requirement particularly regarding the environmental protection, especially the water environment protection. The cost to be occurred has been list and included in the total project investment. Meanwhile, the EMP also contains an action plan to describe in details of environmental management and supervision, and assign responsible persons, execution persons and supervisors during construction period and operation period. B. Considering the request of maintaining the social security during the construction period, the report proposes to strengthen the supervision, education and management over all construction persons, require them to respect local customs, keep local social and public orders and guarantee the security in normal production and life. C. Fully respect the relocatees ’ opinions of no mixed living during the resettlement planning stage. The receipt area is Uygur communities. There will no native integration issue. D. For the specific resettlement fund available timely and completion of production and living infrastructure in the receipt area, this paper has proposed corresponding requirements and suggestions to the related to administrative and monitoring agents. Those agents should strengthen the monitoring upon the use of specific project fund, request the Project Owners to do a good job of annual auditing, ensure no embezzlement and misappropriate use of specific fund. Specific personnel shall be assigned to monitor the construction progress of infrastructure in the receipt area to ensure the constructions completed on schedule and in full quality. analysis on environmental rationality of receipt area and related environmental protection requirements This project will concern the resettlement of 20 households (97 people) due to its reservoir submergence. All relocatees are the Uygur herders from Qialekan Village, Shengjin Township, Turpan City. During the design of main civil works, the receipt area is located in Handunkanbakaner Village (geographical location of latitude north 43 º 7 51.5 and longitude east 89 º58 40.3 ) , which has been approved by the Turpan Prefecture Official, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the Documents No. 178 [2008], Written Reply to the Resettlement of Ertanggou Reservoir Project, TuDiXing . The detailed resettlement ways are that: partial land of Handunkanbakaner Village, Group No.2, Production Team No.4, Lianmuqin Township, Shanshan County is allocated for receipt area use (geographical location of latitude north 43 º 7 51.5 and longitude east 89 º58 40.3 ) for the 20 households of 97 persons relocated from Ertanggou Reservoir area. Each household will be allotted with 2 mu of garden plot (including cattle pen and sheep pen) as well as 2 mu of pasture. Ertanggou Reservoir Project EIA Report gives analysis to the receipt area from the view of environmental protection. Page 248 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 247 The impacts on the environment as a result of resettlement will be in two aspects: firstly the relocatees themselves; secondly the receipt area; the impacts on the relocatees will be also in two aspects: production resettlement and livelihood restoration. A. impacts on relocatees Firstly, the landform of receipt area is the same as that of previous living area of relocatees. The receipt area is also Uygur people communities consistent with previous living area in terms of social custom and cultural so as to provide relocatees the same living circumstances as before, and there would be no concerns of native integration; secondly, in accordance with the Written Reply to the Resettlement of Ertanggou Reservoir Project, TuDiXing [2008] No.178 , based on the actual conditions of the relocatees, each relocated household will be allocated with 2 mu of garden plot (including cattle and sheep pen ) and 2 mu of pasture. The receipt area will be equipped with necessary complete living and production facilities to ensure the livelihood of those relocatees upgraded comparing with their previous life before relocation; thirdly, the receipt area is only 15 km away from their previous living area, so short distance will be convenient for their resettlement. In general, such resettlement will not bring obvious unfavorable impacts on the relocatees themselves. B. impacts on receipt area a. status-quo of receipt area The receipt area for the Ertanggou Reservoir Project will be located in the Handunkanbakaner Village (nearby), Group No.2, Production Team No.4, Lianmuqin Township, Shanshan County, Turpan Prefecture, 15 km from the reservoir area, 40 km away from Lianmuqin Township (national road No.312), and 5km from Lanzhou —Xinjiang Railway. Handunkanbakaner Village has a history of more then 300 years, equipped with complete production and living infrastructure; as so far, Handunkanbakaner Village has 30 households plus with a total population of 153, 100% Uygurs; cropland of 300 my, 1 primary school with 1 teacher and more than 10 students, 4 classrooms; one public use room; per capita pure income of 4200 Yuan in 2007. The receipt area proposed for the project is desert and Gobi. The type of land used at present belongs to deserted grassland. The soil in this area is infertile, with quite low vegetation coverage of about 5%; field investigations show that there are no environmental sensitive zones in the receipt area, such as famous scenic sites, natural protection zones, drinking water source protection zones and natural forest protection zones, etc. b. analysis of capacity of receipt area All relocatees to be caused by the Ertanggou Reservoir submergence are all herders, total 98 in need of resettlement in the planned designed target year. Based on the resettlement standard for one herder of 2 mu of land, at least of 2 mu of garden plot (including 1 mu for housing and 1 mu for livestock raising farm) and a house in a floor area of 90~100 m 2 , the receipt area needs to allot a pure land area of 236 mu. Included in the total allotted land, pure area of cropland total 196 mu, pure area of garden land total 40 mu, the lands for agricultural land shelter forest, lateral canal and lateral ditches, agricultural machine road, on-farm road and resident road total 421 mu. Field investigations show that there are totally 30,000 mu Page 249 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 248 land available for use in the receipt area; however, the land in this receipt area is unfertile, fertilizing has to be done before cultivation, and the fertilized land will yield a production than the output of previous land; the existing school in the Handunkanbakaner Village has enough reception capacity, so no additional school is needed. The aforesaid analysis indicates that the resettlement is proper from the perspective of environmental capacity. c. impacts on the environment of receipt area Firstly, resettlement housing build, production development, restoration of specific facilities submerged, traffic facilities, power facilities and other infrastructure will bring about various damages with vegetation and destroy original landscapes of the receipt area. In addition, mucks, disposals occurred during constructions and improper handling of remaining sand, soil and stone will cause new soil erosion under the actions of surface runoff and rainfall flushing, which will also destroy the eco-environment in the receipt area. Hence, proper guidance shall be given during the resettlement to avoid a large amount of soil erosion probably caused by disorderly development, estrpement and over-sized constructions. Secondly, after the movement into the receipt area, the improper treatment of living sewage and garbage produced by the relocatees will also contaminate the local environment. Hence, infrastructures shall be rehabilitated before the reception of relocatees. The sewage collection network existing in the Handunkanbakaner Village can be extended to collect the sewage in a unified way. The collected sewage can be treated together with the living garbage of the Handunkanbakaner Village. Once necessary measures are available, the pollution probably caused by the entrance of the relocatees to the receipt area can be minimized or avoided. It is concluded based on the aforesaid analysis that the receipt area for resettlement is basically rational from the view of environmental protection. However, necessary environmental protection measures shall be taken to limit and avoid the pollution as a result of the entrance of relocatees. analysis on environmental rationality of other construction sites and related environmental protection requirements A. production area and living area All construction workshops will be arranged on the left bank downstream to the dam site, including concrete batching system, composite processing factory, machinery repairing plant, vehicle maintenance plant, steep pipe processing factory, artificial aggregates processing system and composite warehouse, etc. The concrete batching system will be arranged on the left bank of 0.80 km downstream to the dam site; aggregates screening system on the left bank of 1.5 km downstream to the dam site, close to C 3-2 quarry sites; machinery repairing plant and vehicle maintenance plant within the temporary production area on the left bank of 1.5 2.5km downstream to the dam site. Construction workshop area have a flat and open landform, convenient transportation, consisting of low coverage grassland and small patch of middle coverage grassland, where the plants are desert xeric shrubs and dwarf shrub dominant and herbaceous plant subordinate, constructive groups are Caragana microphylla and Kochia prostrate, Page 250 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 249 constituting a coverage rate of about 10%; the common wild animals within the construction area are rats and reptiles, and there are no distributions of rare valuable animals and plants; there are no residential points around the construction workshops, so no impacts of noise on the environment; the construction workshop area is made of brown calcium soil with relative thick layer, which will be helpful to the leveling and vegetation restoration; thus, the arrangement of construction workshop is satisfied with environmental protection requirement. Explosive warehouse will be arranged in a gulley on the left bank downstream to the dam site and about 0.3 km away form the river course. The explosive warehouse shall keep a far distance of 1 km on average away from the construction facilities and construction sites; construction oil warehouse will be arranged at a linkage place of in-site access road and external access road, on the left bank, 1.5 km downstream to the dam site, 0.8 km nearest to the access road and about 1.5 km nearest to the river. Although the arrangement of the explosive warehouse considers a long distance from the construction facilities and construction sites and also possesses a convenient traffic condition, an accident with the explosive ware would contaminate the quality of river water, thus, the security of the explosive warehouse shall be fully taken care during the construction period; the arrangement of construction oil warehouse provides a convenient traffic condition, an accident with the oil warehouse will lead to the injuries and death of people, thus, the security and protection of the oil warehouse shall be fully taken care during the construction period. Living area will have construction temporary living area and reservoir management area. The reservoir management area will be located close to the canal headworks downstream to the dam site, where it is open and wide topographically, groups of animal and plant are identical with that in the construction workshop area. The temporary living area for construction use will be located in a concentrated way at an open and wide area to facilitate the concentrated collection of domestic sewage and leveling and green works on the cut-over land after the completion of constructions. Hence, the analysis on the project area arrangement proof that the location of the temporary living area for construction use is rational. B. Hasty road for construction use The hasty roads for construction use can provide accesses to each construction site and establish connections among the living area, construction area, disposal yards and quarry sites. The groups of animals and plants are identical with that in the adjacent area, common desert plants and animals mostly, no distributions of rare valuable animals and plants; there are no residential points along the hasty roads, noise caused by construction transportation would not disturb local residents; in addition, part of roads are built taking advantage of existing landform so as minimize the excavations and disposals, which will not cause grave soil erosion problem. Hence, the analysis proofs that the arrangement of construction roads is rational. C. permanent road to the outside There is a hasty road of 13 km long in the complex works area connecting the construction site and the outside. In order to satisfy constructions, this road shall be rehabilitated to a metal road with a pavement of 12m wide for construction use. After the completion of the project, this road will be converted to a permanent asphalt road with a pavement of 7m wide. Page 251 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 250 Such permanent road reaching the dam crest via a Z-shape road will be used as the access to the dam; the road between diversion tunnel and irrigation tunnel will be permanent in-site road. Generally, the alignment of the permanent road crosses through desert area without distribution of rare valuable plants, no cropland, no residents, so no noise impacts on the residents caused by goods transportation. This road will be built based on existing village hasty road, so both building and future transportation conditions are good. Newly increased soil erosion will be less. Hence, the alignment of this permanent road is rational. (3) Alagou Reservoir Project analysis on the environmental rationality of selection of damsite Two dam site alternatives have been put forward for the Alagou Reservoir Project during the design stage, namely upper dam site (6.3 km upstream to the mountain pass where the Alagou River is flowing out of the mountain, about 7.3 km away from the Alagou Water management Station) and lower dam site (3.5 km upstream to the mountain pass where the Alagou River is flowing out of the mountain, about 4.5 km away from the Alagou Water management Station). The Alagou Reservoir Project Report gives a comparison and selection among the two alternatives based on the alternatives of the main civil works from the view of environment. The comparison is described in Table 8.2-3, Chapter 8. It is proofed in Table 8.2-3 that the lower dam site alternative is considerably better than the upper dam site alternative. Hence, the lower dam site alternative recommended by the civil works design is rational. analysis on the environmental rationality of selection of quarry sites There are 3 quarry sites to be located within the Yila Lake Basin: dam site river bed, dam site terrace land, Yuergou. Since the quarry sites within the project area contain a high content of boulders, the maximum boulder has a diameter more than 1m. The lithology of boulders is granite dominantly with high mechanical performance. The boulders eliminated from the quarrying of concrete aggregate material can be used for block stone material because their good quality, rich reserves. If so, no quarry site is need to supply block stone material. The Feasibility Report gives illustration of the selection quarry sites from the perspective of reserves and convenient conditions. The section below gives analysis from the view of environmental rationality. See Table 6.1-4 in details. Page 252 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 251 Analysis on Environmental Rationality of Quarry Sites for Alagou Reservoir Project Table 6.1-4 For the Alagou Reservoir Project, there is slag left by previous Yuergou Coal Mine and No.505 Mine in the river course of the Yuergou River Basin at the north of the Alagou River. The slag of the mine tailings has three kinds of radioactive matters of uranium, thorium and radium-226; related investigations show that although the mineral slag left in the river course is only at a small amount mixed in the sediment of the river taking a low radioactivity, there are still a probability of unfavorable impacts on the regional environment and the health of the people. It is suggested with the Yuergou Quarry site that the application of stone and soil material from the river course downstream to the slag of Yuergou mine tailings must be prohibited strictly to avoid potential radioactivity. analysis on the rationality of location of disposal yard This project will produce disposals of 292,100 m 2 . One disposal yard is proposed and located in a gully of 5 km away from the railway on the right bank. The mucks will be stacked herein from El.804 m up to El.810.5m, occupying an area of 7.8 hm 2 . This disposal yard is a low-lying saddle. There are no distributions of rare and valuable wild animals and plants within the range of disposal yard; there is no residential point around the disposal yard. Thus, the location of this disposal yard is rational from the view of environmental protection. However, necessary measures shall be provided with the disposal yard in the process of stacking to limit soil erosion. Descriptions Quarry site Block stone site Borrow site Assessment of environmental rationality Is it located in environmental sensitive zone (natural protection zone, famous scenic site, cultural relic site, etc.)? All sites do not lie in environmental sensitive area. rational Is it located within important resource land (basic cropland, land for growing special agricultural products)? The land requisition for the borrow site lies in a basin, where the main land types are barren land and a few dry land and no basic cropland; Yuergou Quarry Site lies on Gobi and flooded plain; the quarry site at the river bed within dam site area is not within the range of basic cropland. Thus, the land to be occupied for quarry/borrow uses are not important resource land. rational Is it located in the area suffering environmental risk (break down, collapse, mud flow, flood discharge way, strong wind pass, etc.)? All sites have a stable geological conditions without environmental risks. rational Does it affect environmental sensitive objectives? There are no densely residential points, rare valuable plants and other environmental sensitive objectives in the vicinity of the sites. rational Is it subject to landscape restoration, vegetation restoration and soil restoration, etc.? The ground surface of borrow site is barren land and a few dry lang. Yuergou Quarry Site lies on Gobi and flooded plain with less vegetation. The quarry site at the river bed within dam site area lies on river beaches. The exploiting at those sites will have less impacts on the vegetation, so the vegetation destroyed can be recovered after the exploiting is finished. Basically rational Does the transportation line pass through the area improperly (urban, dense population residential area, school, etc.)? Not pass the area improperly rational Page 253 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 252 public participation Public participation is aimed to know the project affected people ’s concerns and opinions in relation with the environmental issues and environmental impacts before the launch of the project, during the project implementation process and after the completion of the project so as to achieve a more pretty design. The personnel conducting the EIA of Alagou Reservoir Project have carried out two turns of public participation activities early or late after they received the EIA assignment. The first turn was done 1 week after they received the assignment; the second was done after the completion of the first draft of EIA report. They performed various participatory methodologies targeting different groups: village committee posting public notices, delivery of questionnaires, oral inquiry, expert workshop, etc. The public opinions of this project are summarized as below: A. Alagou Reservoir Project is quite important to the industrial development in Shanshan County. It will relive the pressure of water supply on irrigation and petroleum production, boost regional economical development, improve local people’s livelihood and stabilize society. B. In general, Alagou Reservoir Project will not affect the environment very much. The reduction in the water discharge to the downstream of the dam site will not give a big negative impact on the environment. When give acknowledgement to the project, the public also proposed some suggestions and requirements as follows: A. Strengthen environment protection during construction period. Suggest giving the first priority to the protection of water environment during construction period. Protect the Alagou River from the pollution during construction period. Ensure the quality of downstream irrigation water consistent with irrigation water standard. B. The water diversion from the stem of the Alagou River will affect the eco- environment and landscapes at the downstream area. This project shall given equal attention to the development and protection at the same time to ensure no drying up of downstream river course. C. Construction personnel shall be required to fully respect the habits of local ethnic groups during construction period. Take care of the benefits of the herders in the project area; strictly abide by the environmental protection laws and regulations in relation with construction project; minimize destroys to the local eco- environment. The feedbacks to the opinions and suggestions derived from the public participation activities are that: A. The Alagou Reservoir Project EIA Report has proposed protective measures and requirement particularly regarding the environmental protection, especially the water environment protection. The cost to be occurred has been list and included in the total project investment. Meanwhile, the EMP also contains an action plan Page 254 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 253 to describe in details of environmental management and supervision, and assign responsible persons, execution persons and supervisors during construction period and operation period. B. The Alagou Reservoir Project EIA Report has proposed basic ecological discharge through the cross section at the proposed dam site during future operation period and discharge way to make sure no more extension of drying up of river course as a result of project development. C. Considering the request of maintaining the social security during the construction period, the report proposes to strengthen the supervision, education and management over all construction persons, require them to respect local customs, keep local social and public orders and guarantee the security in normal production and life. 6.1.2 Mitigation Measures during Construction Period In terms of the main structures and construction pattern, the 3 reservoirs to be built in the project look basically the same. Since they are located in different natural environment and social environment, the environmental issues in each of them are different. Therefore, the countermeasures have both something in common and in difference. 6.1.2.1. Countermeasures in Common 1 Measures for Water Environment Protection Conventional explosives in engineering have relatively big impact on water quality. In order to mitigate the impacts of nitro-explosives on water quality, it is proposed to use emulsion based explosives, water/binder explosives or other environment-sound explosives. In order to make sure of the effective operation of the wastewater treatment station, the construction and effective operation of the wastewater treatment station should be included as one of the clauses in the project contract. The environmental management sector of the project should make regular checks and supervisions in the field to timely handle the situation of wastewater treatment and rectify any problems observed in forms of oral and written recommendations. Reservoir bed should be cleared. With the above measures, the nearby water body can be protected from contaminations by the construction wastewater and domestic sewages. 2 Measures for Air Environment Protection Dustproof Measures A. Earthwork and Stonework In excavation activities at dam site and material ground, measures such as of dust control water spraying (mainly at the excavating, dumping and loading sites) will be taken to accelerate dust deposition and reduce the time span and scope of the dust impact. The Page 255 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 254 quantity and frequency of water spraying will be set according to the weather conditions and dusting situation. B. Dust Treatment at Concrete Preparation The concrete preparation system should be supported by dust control water spraying around to reduce the time span and scope of the dust impact. C. Dustproof at Roads and During Transportation Vehicle dust is generated mainly from road surface, road damage and the goods on a running vehicle. It can be reduced when effective control measures are taken. Air pollution should be prevented in the process of transportation. When transporting a dusty material, the material should be properly moistured or covered with canvas. When transporting bulk cement, the tank should be well sealed. When transporting bagged cement, it must be properly covered. In addition, the vehicles should be frequently cleaned. Damaged road should be timely repaired, and the temporary roads at construction sites should be covered with pebbles so as to reduce dust. D. Water-Spraying Vehicles The construction sites should be equipped with water-spraying vehicles especially at the material excavating, stacking and loading sites as well as roads. The quantity and frequency of water spraying will be set according to the weather conditions and dusting situation. E. Labor Protection In accordance with the national stipulations on labor protection, on-site engineering staff should be access to dustproof respirator. Control Measures against Waste Gas from Machine The waste gas emission of construction vehicles and machines is of intermittent and mobile features. The vehicles and machines should be well managed: A. In order to reduce the emission of CO 2 and NO 2 in favor of air protection, machines and vehicles in line with the national standards relevant should be employed in the project construction, so that the waste gas emission will below the limit of national standard. B. On the basis of Car Scrapping Programs, mandatory update will be practiced to the poor vehicles of high consumption, low efficiency and the tail gas emission seriously exceeding the limit. C. The machines will be maintained in good conditions. Waste Gas Management in Tunnel Engineering Tunnel engineering will generate toxic gas and much dust and the environmental conditions in a tunnel restrict the waste gas and dust from diffusing, which is quite harmful for the health of engineering staff. Therefore, the sections of drilling and exploding practices are equipped with ventilation and dust removal equipment such as axial-flow fans and air Page 256 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 255 purifiers. Evaluation of the Measures : With the above environmental mitigation measures, the impacts of waste gas and dust on the health of engineering staff and air environment will be effectively reduced. 3Measures of Noise Control The engineering staff will be access to earplug, ear protector, cotton and headpiece of noiseproof according to the actual conditions. The roads and vehicles will be properly repaired and maintained to redu ce noise. The vehhicle to be employed will be of low noise and in line with regulations such as Limits of Noise Emitted by Stationary Road Vehicles (GB16170-1996) and Limits and Measurement Methods for Noise Emitted by Accelerating Motor Vehicles (GB1495-79). Machine base of vibration reduction will be used for an equipment with large vibration. Evaluation of Measures : With the above environmental mitigation measures, the impacts of noise on the engineering staff will be reduced to an acceptable level. 4Treatment of Domestic Garbage Mobile recycling collection points and garbage bins will be arranged at the temporary living quarters, and these sanitation facilities will be regularly managed to prevent and reduce mosquitoes and flies. Garbage truc k will be equipped to carry the domestic garbage for landfill disposal. Information publicity on sanitation will be strengthened for capacity building of sanitation and environmental protection among the engineering staff. Evaluation of the Measures : With the above environmental mitigation measures, the impacts of domestic garbage on the environment will be greatly reduced, and there will be no permanent impact on the environment. 5Measures in Favor of Ecological Environment Protection of terrestria l plants The construction activities will unavoidably generate some impacts on the plants. To mitigate the impact, the scope of construction sites and living quarters will be clarified according to the general arrangement plan. After the completion of engineering activities, the temporary facilities of construction and livelihood will be demolished, and these sites together with the material grounds will be leveled for vegetation rehabilitation. The practical measures are illustrated in the chapters of soil conservation of the project reports. The compensation for the inundation and occupation of farmland and forest land in the project will total to 51,767,100 Yuan, including 8,464,500 Yuan for Meiyaogou Reservoir, 23,818,200 Yuan for Ertanggou Reservoir and 19,484,400 Yuan for Alagou Reservoir. Protection of terrestrial animals Page 257 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 256 A. In the construction period, information publicity of ecological protection will be strengthened among the engineering staff and the local people by means such as of leaflets and information boards to reduce impact on wild animals. B. A mechanism of punishment against damaging ecological environment will be set up. Any of the engineering staff is forbidden to hunt wild animal. To mitigate the impact, the scope of construction sites and living quarters will be clarified according to the general arrangement plan. Fire will be forbidden outside the construction sites. C. Most of the wild animals look for food in the morning, early evening or at night, and noon is the time for rest. In order to reduce the disturbance of engineering exploding against wild animals, the pattern, quantity and time of the exploding activities should be well planned. D. Supervision on environmental protection will be strengthened. Supervision institution of environment protection will be set up and be equipped with full-time staff. The engineering staff will be upgraded with environmental protection education. Any illegal hunting of wild animals will be punished according to the law. Evaluation of the Measures : With the above environmental mitigation measures, the impacts of the construction on ecological environment will be reduced to an acceptable level. 6 Health Protection during the Construction Period Sanitation Management at the Living and Management Quarters After the civil construction of temporary living quarter and management quarter is completed, the sites should be cleared. The sewage pit and garbage should be treated for landfill disposal after disinfection with lime. Protection of Drinking Water Drinking water will be purified and disinfected. The practical measures will be: After sedimentation and filtration, chloride of lime is added into the water for disinfection. The residual chlorine in water above 0.3 mg/l after 30 minutes will be effective to eliminate pathogens of infectious intestinal diseases in water. Then, the water is safe to drink. Since river is the only water source for construction and livelihood, the water quality is easily impacted. Therefore, the water source should be protected. The measures will be: No temporary facility such as of living quarter, management quarter or construction sites as well as toilet, seepage pit, garbage pile or other dirt will be allowed 100 m within around the water source. Treatment of Garbage, Feces and Sewage The domestic sewage, construction wastewater and garbage will be properly collected and treated. Pest Control Sites of poor sanitation are good places for vector animals such as mosquitoes, flies and rats. Then, the opportunities to be infected will increase. Therefore, attention will be paid to controlling these pests in the living quarters. Page 258 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 257 Prevention and Quarantine Before entering the construction sites, all the cooking staff and the sampled engineering staff should pass the medical examination. The rate of random sampling will be 15%. Evaluation of the Measures: With the above sanitation and medical measures, the health of the construction people will be safeguarded. Crowd -dispersal from Blast Site Explosives will be operated by person specially assigned for them. Blast site must be closed with color stripes to warn people of the danger zone. All the people must be dispersed before an exploding activity. 7Cultural Relics Once cultural relics are found during the construction, the sector of cultural relics protection should be immediately informed of the event and the site should be well-protected. The engineering will continue when the cultural relics is properly managed. The cost thus generated will be shouldered by the project itself. 8 Information Publicity of Environmental Protection Before the construction, information publicity and education on the legal regulations and the project guidelines of environmental protection will be done among the engineering staff to upgrade their awareness of environmental protection. The approaches will include lecturing, material distribution and information boards. Evaluation of the Measures: The measures of information publicity can practically upgrade the engineering staff of their awareness of environmental protection. These activities should be done throughout the project construction. 9 Risk Prevention Measures in the Construction Period Prevention and Control Measures for the Transportation, Store and Use of Explosives, Oils and Other Dangerous Goods A. In accordance with the relevant regulations from Ministry of Public Security, the transport of dangerous goods should be carefully planned before the transport and well handled in the whole process. The planned activities will include the routes, vehicle and time of transport as well as transport escorts and hand-over and acceptance. B. According to the current regulations on storing dangerous goods, the user is required to submit the quantity of daily use to the supply, who will deliver the dangerous goods according to the plan of daily transport so as to avoid long time store of dangerous goods. C. The stipulations for the use of dangerous goods will be strictly followed. The operator must have induction eligibility. D. It is very hot in Xinjiang summer. The vehicle to transport dangers goods should be protected from insolating. Proper time of transport should be selected and proper measures of cooling should be taken. Page 259 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 258 E. Management of transportation safety will be strengthened. Only the drivers of good skill and high sense of responsibility will be arranged to transport dangerous goods for safe driving F. Once there is an accident when dangers goods leaks in a river in the transport or when the river water is polluted by construction wastewater and/or domestic sewage, the water quality at the accident area should be checked immediately, and the diffusion and impact scope should be investigated. The communities and governments downstream should be timely informed of the accident to prevent the people and crops downstream from hazard. At the same time, this should also be reported to the upper authorities. G. Once there is an accident of oil leakage or there is an explosion accident, the accident area should be immediately evacuated of people. If the road or river is blocked by the explosion accident, the traffic congestion should be eased and the river should be dredged up. H. Professional team should be designated to investigate and evaluate the accident. The report will be one of the evidences for decision-making. I. Explosives and other very dangerous goods will be managed and operated by person specially assigned for them. 100 m around explosive store will be recognized as dangerous area and security cordon is arranged. In explosion operation, 100 m around the explosion zone will be evacuated and closed. Management of Wastewater from Fire Fighting A. The management staff of the power station will be upgraded in the awareness of fire safety through information publicity and education. B. Management regulations of safe production will be formulated and executed. C. There should be drainage around the oil storage. At the end of the drainage, a concrete tank with a volume of 1.5 times of the maximum water use in a fire fighting will be constructed to collect the wastewater from fire fighting. It is forbidden to randomly discharge the wastewater from fire fighting. Evaluation of the Measures : With the above environmental mitigation measures, the impacts of the accident will be reduced to minimum level. 6.1.2.2. Special Features and Countermeasures 1 Management of Water Environment Treatment of Construction Wastewater A. Treatment of the wastewater from sand/gravel washing a. Construction of Meiyaogou Reservoir The procedures of wastewater treatment are illustrated in Fig 4.1-1. The wastewater flows from sand washing machine into wastewater regulation pool. The wastewater with high suspended solids is pumped to fine sand recycling processor, in which 80% of the fine sand with Page 260 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 259 diameter above 0.035 mm is recycled. The screen filtered water flows into sand basin for the 1 st sedimentation. After adding flocculant, the supernatant flows into sand basin for the 2nd sedimentation. Finally, supernatant will be used after flocculation and sedimentation. 281.5 651.7 7.3 3.6 0 : $ J FXODQW 384.1 651.7 7.3 3.6 0 : 5 XVH UQDWDQW 113.5 619.9 7.3 14.6 0 : VDQG 113.5 610.9 7.3 14.6 0 : ZDVK 107.9 601.9 7.3 3.6 0 : P QH OD LRQ 153.8 601.9 7.3 3.6 0 : S 157.4 601.9 7.3 11.0 0 : RRO \03VDQG FOLQJ 192.3 601.9 7.3 3.6 0 : S VVRU 248.9 615.5 7.3 3.6 0 : V 252.5 615.5 7.3 11.0 0 : DQG Q FXODWLRQ 336.3 615.5 7.3 3.6 0 : D 339.9 615.5 7.3 7.2 0 : QG PHQWDWLRQ 334.5 597.3 7.3 14.6 0 : SRRO \LQJ\03ZDWHU\03WR 430.9 615.5 7.3 3.6 0 : G VV\03GXVW U HQLVKPHQW \03VDQG FOHG 279.8 537.9 7.3 3.6 0 : % 3PXG 380.5 556.1 7.3 3.6 0 : % LOO ULDO 382.4 537.9 7.3 3.6 0 : J G\0f UHG\03ZLWK HOV Fig. 6.1-1. Procedures of Wastewater Treatment on Washing Sand/Gravel for Meiyaogou Reservoir The sand/gravel processing system for the construction of Meiyaogou Reservoir will be located at the river bed downstream the main dam. One set of sand basin and one set of flocculation and sedimentation tank will be constructed. They will be directly excavated without anti-seepage. On the basis of containing the wastewater for 2 days, the specification of sand basin will be length x width x depth = 20m×10m×2m, while the specification of flocculation and sedimentation pool will be length x width x depth = 20m×10m×2m. In the intermittent phase of sand washing, the water in sand basin is pumped out. When the slurry becomes dry, it is excavated and carried to dumping sites. After the completion of Meiyaogou Reservoir construction, the sand basin and flocculation and sedimentation pool will be backfilled flat. b. Construction of Ertanggou Reservoir The procedures of wastewater treatment are illustrated in Fig 6.1-2. The wastewater from sand/gravel process flows into fine sand recycling processor, in which 80% of the fine sand with diameter above 0.035 mm is recycled. The screen filtered water flows into sand basin for the 1 st treatment and to the sedimentation pool for the 2 nd treatment. After twice sedimentation, the treated water will be pumped into water tank for re-use. WUXFWLRQ HZDWHU \03VDQG FOLQJ HVVRU \03EDVLQ PHQWDWLRQ 349.5 160.8 8.1 16.4 0 : SRRO \LQJ\03ZDWHU\03WR HVV\03GXVW DJLQJ WHG\03ZDWHU\03UH\10 442.1 145.6 8.1 12.3 0 : XVH 0XVH DJH UDQFH 11\03ff\11ffl\10ffl\11\033URFHGXUHV\03RI\03:DVWHZDWHU\037UHDWPHQW\03RQ\03:DVKLQJ\036DQG\12*UDYHO\03IRU\03(UWDQJJRX\035HVHUYRLU The sand basin and sedimentation pool will be arranged within the sand/gravel screening ground. On the basis of containing the wastewater for one day, the specification of these 2 Page 261 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 260 structures will be length x width x depth = 20m×15m×2.2m. They will be directly excavated without anti-seepage lining-up. In the intermittent phase of sand washing, the water in the sedimentation pool is pumped out. When the slurry becomes dry, it is excavated and carried to dumping sites. After the completion of Meiyaogou Reservoir construction, the sand basin and flocculation and sedimentation pool will be backfilled flat. 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Agriculture of Alagou Reservoir The procedures of wastewater treatment are illustrated in Fig 4.2-4. The wastewater from sand/gravel process will be treated with flocculation and sedimentation. The wastewater will be discharged after static sedimentation in a sedimentation pool, when the treated water is in line of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996). When the slurry in the sedimentation pool becomes dry, it is excavated and carried to dumping sites. The main structures in the designed system will be sedimentation pool, sludge drying pool and construction water pool. 2 sets of sedimentation pools (12m×10m×3m) will be excavated between the sand/gravel processing zone and concrete preparation zone. Since coarse sand takes larger proportion in the suspended solids in the wastewater from sand/gravel washing system and concrete preparation system, the sedimentation capacity is large. The technical specification can be satisfied, after the wastewater with high suspended solids pass through a static sedimentation for 1.5 hours. Fig.6.1-3. Typical Design of the Procedures of Wastewater Treatment on Washing Sand/Gravel for Ertanggou Reservoir Washing water Fine sand recycled fine sand recycling processor sand basin sedimentation pool pump T r e a t e d w a t e r f o r r e - u s e Page 262 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 261 2 operators will be required in the wastewater treatment. The sludge will be transported by 5 ~ 10t vehicles. \03 \03 Evaluation of the Measures : With the above environmental mitigation measures, the impacts of the wastewater from the sand/gravel washing systems for the construction of the 3 reservoirs will be reduced to the level that the nearby water body will not be polluted. B. Wastewater Treatment in Concrete Preparation System After evaporation and infiltration, the suspended solids in the wastewater from the sand/gravel washing system and concrete preparation system will spread over the ground in form of crust. It should be cleared after the completion of the construction. Evaluation of the Measures : With the above environmental mitigation measures, the impacts of the wastewater from the sand/gravel washing systems for the construction of the 3 reservoirs will be reduced to the level that the nearby water body will not be polluted. C. Treatment of Oily Wastewater The structures for the treatment of oily wastewater will be composed mainly of sedimentation pool and water tank. A rectangular pool will be constructed near a machine repair station to collect oily wastewater. Oil removal material will be arranged at the entrance of the pool. The oily wastewater flows into the pool through the oil removal material by gravity. When the pool is filled up, the floating oil is collected. After the oil wastewater stays in the pool for 12 hours, it is discharged into water tank for re-use. There is no need for mechanical maintenance in this simple structure. In the operation, the oil removal material will be regularly cleaned or replaced, and the floating oil will be timely collected. After the completion of the construction, the sedimentation pool will be backfilled flat. w astewate Sedimentation pool sedimenting Waste dumping ground Sludge drying ground (natural drying) evaporation construction water pool raw water replenishment flocculant wastewater from sand/gravel w ashing system and concrete preparation system Fig. 4.2-4. Procedures of Wastewater Treatment on Washing Sand/Gravel for Alagou Reservoir Page 263 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 262 Fig. 6.1-6. Procedures of Oily Wastewater Treatment in Sedimentation Pool oily waste water oil removal material flocculant outlet Fig. 6.1-7. Typical Design of Wastewater/Sewage Treatment . . 10 cm sand/gravel bedding 20 cm concrete 10 cm sand/gravel bedding 20 cm concrete Page 264 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 263 Table 4.2-8. Specification of Oily Wastewater Treatment Structures for the Construction of 3 R e s er v oi rs ( u ni t: m ³) Items Rectangular Basin Water Tank Meiyaogou Reservoir 4m×3m×1.5m 4m×3m×1.5m Ertanggou Reservoir 2.5m×2m×2.3m 2.5m×2m×2m Alagou Reservoir 4.0m×2m×2.3m 2.5m×2m×2m Evaluation of the Measures : With the above environmental mitigation measures, the impacts of the oily wastewater from the construction of the 3 reservoirs will be reduced to the level that the nearby water body will not be polluted. D. Management of Domestic Sewage a. Construction of Meiyaogou Reservoir Septic tank will be built in the living quarter for the treatment of domestic sewage. The floor and walls of the septic tank will be built of C20 concrete (20 cm thick) with a bedding of 10 cm thick underneath. The peak of sewage production will be 49m 3 /d. The capacity of sewage tank is designed to be 250m 3 for 5 days. The specification of the septic tank will be length x width x depth = 15m×10m×2m. Table 4.2-9. Amount of Works for Septic Tank (unit: m³) Item Earthwork and Stonework Excavation C20 Concrete Work Bedding of Sand and Gravel Septic tank 300 50 15 Dry toilet of brick-concrete structure will be built at living quarter with anti-seepage treatment with cement laid stone masonry. After the completion of the construction, the dry toilet will be cleared, disinfected and buried. Page 265 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 264 Environment-sound toilets will be built at engineering sites. This kind of toilet will be easy to build and dismantle. For the construction of Meiyaogou Reservoir, one set of dry toilet (80m 2 ) and 3 sets of environment-sound toilets (20m 2 /set) will be constructed. b. Construction of Ertanggou Reservoir Since the structure of Ertanggou Reservoir Management Center will become a permanent structure of management, WSZ sewage treatment system will be used for this structure. At the temporary living quarter, sewage will be collected into a sewage tank through pipeline for regular treatment. The treated water can be used for watering vegetation, in which the water disappear through evaporation and there will be no impact on the water body nearby. No construction activity in winter implies no domestic sewage then. It is planned to build 3 sets, 2 sets and 3 sets of environment-sound toilets (10m 2 /set) respectively at (i) temporary living quarters, (ii) no-fixed living quarters, and (iii) engineering sites close to the dam, diversion tunnel and other sites near the river. Environment-sound toilets will be built at engineering sites. This kind of toilet will be easy to build and dismantle. c. Construction of Alagou Reservoir According to the features of Alagou Reservoir arrangement and the quantity of sewage production, the sewage treatment system will be constructed near the temporary living quarter. It is proposed to built a septic tank of Model 10-40B10. The treated water will be collected into an anti-seepage water tank (600m 3 ). The treated water can be used for watering vegetation, in which the water disappear through evaporation and there will be no impact on the water body nearby. Evaluation of the Measures : With the above environmental mitigation measures, the impacts of the domestic sewage from the construction of the 3 reservoirs will be reduced to the level that the nearby water body will not be polluted. E. Reservoir Bed Clearance a. Meiyaogou Reservoir In accordance with the technical requirements for using geotextile membrane, the structures in the reservoir area will be demolished, the trees being cut and the floating debris being cleared. After the structures are pushed down, the construction wastes will be carried to permanent dumping ground. The floating debris will be cleared. All the trees will either be cut or transplanted outside the reservoir area. The residual stumps should not exceed 0.3m above the ground surface. b. Construction of Ertanggou Reservoir In the operation period, it is predicted that the water surface of Etanggou Reservoir will be 0.9 km 2 . The inundation will involve in varieties of houses, auxiliary structures, tombs, trees, Page 266 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 265 special structures and other on-the-ground structures. In order to prevent the reservoir and its water from impacts of the said items, it is necessary to clear up the reservoir bed. The concrete measures will include: Clearance for Health and Epidemic Prevention The clearance for health and epidemic prevention will be done under the technical guidance of the local sector of health and epidemic prevention. There are 16 sets of manure pits in the inundation-impacted area. After the dirt is removed outside the reservoir area, the pits will be disinfected with lime (1 kg/pit) and backfilled with soil. There are 3240.8m 2 of livestock stables in the inundation-impacted area. The method to clearance is the same as for the manure pits above. There are altogether 99 sets of tombs (including 20 ancient tombs) to be removed outside the reservoir area. Of the above, all the tombs younger than 15 years will be removed, the tombs older than 15 years will be managed in accordance with the local culture. After the removal, the tomb pits will be disinfected with chloride of lime (1 kg/pit) and backfilled with soil. Clearance of Trees In the reservoirs area, 167.86 of trees will be clear, including 21.37 mu of fruit plantations and 167.86 mu of other trees, in addition to 958 pieces of scattered trees. Before the reservoir impoundment, all the trees above will either be cut or transplanted outside the reservoir area. The residual stumps should not exceed 0.3m above the ground surface. Clearance of Structures In the reservoir area, 2960.07m 2 of varieties of houses will be demolished and cleared. The height of the remaining part should not exceed 0.5 m above the ground surface. The floatable things will be managed in line of the regulations for health and epidemic prevention. The auxiliary structures include fencing walls, threshing grounds, cellarage, manure pits, livestock stables, water tanks, stoves and ovens. They will be demolished together with the houses. Clearance of Special Structure In the inundation-impacted area, there is a hydrological station. It should be cleared before the reservoir impoundment. c. Alagou Reservoir The scope of Alagou Reservoir bed clearance is the area below the normal water level (940.77m). Clearance for Health and Epidemic Prevention Page 267 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 266 Domestic garbage and excreta from livestock stables and toilets should be completely cleared. The remaining should be disinfected with chloride of lime (l kg/m 2 ). The treatment of excreta should follow Hygienic Standards for Sanitization of Human Excreta" (GB 7959- 1987). The manure pits and sewage pits should be disinfected with chloride of lime (l kg/m 2 ) and buried. The floor of houses, livestock stables and toilets as well as the walls 2m above ground will be sprayed with 4% supernatant of chloride of lime (0.3 kg/m 2 ). The time of disinfection should be no less than 30 minutes. The above activities of clearance for health and epidemic prevention will be done in the order a resettlement, clearance and demolishment. The floatable things such as leaves, branches and crop residues should be burnt on the site. Demolishment and Clearance of Structures In the demolishment of houses and auxiliary structures, the principle of “disinfection before demolishment” should be followed. Houses and sheds/stables will be demolished manually. The recyclable materials will belong to the owner, and s/he can carry them back home for re- use. The floatable things such as leaves, branches and crop residues should be burnt on the site. The walls should be pushed down and leveled. The water wells (pits), cellarage, shaft sinking and drifting and other underground engineering in the draw-down area of the reservoir will be properly managed on the basis of the geological conditions. Clearance of Trees Before the reservoir impoundment, all the trees above will either be cut or transplanted outside the reservoir area. The residual stumps should not exceed 0.3m above the ground surface. Evaluation of the Measures: Before the impoundment, bed clearance of the 3 reservoirs will be done strictly following the above measures to effectively reduce the contamination possibility against the water quality. 3Management of Air Environment Sensitive Points in the Construction of Meiyaogou Reservoir Dustproof at Roads and During Transportation: Vehicle dust is generated mainly from road surface, road damage and the goods on a running vehicle. It can be reduced when effective control measures are taken. Air pollution should be prevented in the process of transportation. When transporting a dusty material, the material should be properly moistured or covered with canvas. When transporting bulk cement, the tank should be well sealed. When transporting bagged cement, it must be properly covered. In addition, the vehicles should be frequently cleaned. The speed should not exceed 20 km/h when passing by Meiyaogou Village and the living quarters. Damaged road should be timely repaired, and the temporary roads at construction Page 268 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 267 sites should be covered with pebbles so as to reduce dust. In hot dry period, water spraying 4~6 times a day will be required at sensitive areas. Generally speaking, a diesel engine discharges more tail gas with higher contents of pollutants. Most of the vehicles in the construction are of diesel engine, and it is required to be equipped with tail gas cleaner. Evaluation of Measures : With the above environmental mitigation measures, the impacts of waste gas and dust from the construction on the sensitive target will be reduced to an acceptable level. 4Measures of Noise Control Sensitive Points in the Construction of Meiyaogou Reservoir The engineering time will be properly arranged. Whenever possible, engineering activities at night (from 22:00 to 09:00) should be avoided. Measures of traffic control at sensitive road sections will be taken. Warning boards will be erected at Meiyaogou Village entrances and near the school. The speed will not exceed 20 km/h and loud horning will be forbidden when passing by sensitive areas. Evaluation of Measures : With the above environmental mitigation measures, the impacts of noise on the sensitive targets will be reduced to an acceptable level. 5Management of Solid Waste from Construction Construction of Meiyaogou Reservoir A. One set of mobile recycling collection point and 3 sets of garbage bins will be arranged at the temporary living quarters, and these sanitation facilities will be regularly managed to prevent and reduce mosquitoes and flies. B. Eight sets of garbage bins will be arranged at the engineering sites. C. Two sets of garbage bins will be arranged at the management area. D. Garbage truck will be equipped to carry the domestic garbage for landfill disposal. Construction of Ertanggou Reservoir A. Two sets of mobile recycling collection point will be arranged at the temporary living quarter. B. Ten sets of garbage bins will be arranged at the management area. C. Garbage truck will be equipped to carry the domestic garbage for landfill disposal. Construction of Alagou Reservoir A. One set of mobile recycling collection point and 2 sets of garbage bins will be arranged at the temporary engineering site and living quarter. Page 269 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 268 B. Ten sets of garbage bins will be arranged at the management area. C. Garbage truck will be equipped to carry the domestic garbage for landfill disposal. 6Soil Conservation Construction of Meiyaogou Reservoir Environmental protection in the project construction will cover dam construction site, road building site, material ground, electricity transmission site, temporary engineering site living quarter, dumping ground and management area. The measures will include engineering measures, biological measures and temporary measures. A. Dam Construction Site a. Engineering measures will include the construction activities of dam, spillway, diversion/flood discharging tunnel, water supply culverts and so on. In accordance with the overall design, the slopes upstream and downstream of the dam will be protected, the spillway and diversion/flood discharging tunnel will be supported by energy dissipation and erosion control measures. The slopes at the both ends of the dam are rocky slopes and will be excavated at stable slope ratio. b. Temporary Measures: Throughout the construction period, it should be avoided to carry out engineering activities at the days of big winds and rainfall. In the process of construction such as dam building, masonry retaining walls will be built at downstream dam toe to prevent the soil and stone from dropping into the river downstream. Measures will be taken to protect the original land condition in the activities such as of excavation and stacking for the sake of soil conservation. Whenever possible, the excavated soil will be re-used, and it will be properly managed in the temporary stacking period. Effective measures will be taken to prevent any water-soil loss such as slope slide in the engineering activities. After the completion of the construction, the engineering site will be cleared. The masonry gravity wall will be 0.5 m wide at the top, 1.0 m in height, ramp slope ratio of 1:0.3 and 0.5 m in base depth. B. Road Building Site The roads here mainly refer to the roads between the dam sites and the material grounds and between the reservoirs and the related structures. Dustproof measures such as water spraying will be taken during the construction. Measures of soil conservation will be taken. After the completion of the construction, the occupied land will be properly managed. C. Material Grounds Flooding period should be avoided in the excavation of a material ground. The excavated can be directly placed at the flooding side for the purpose of flood prevention and guidance. After material excavation, the material ground should be leveled. A material ground should be excavated at stable slope ratio. Before the material ground excavation at the left bank, bagged dregs retaining ridge should be built under the excavation site. After the material excavation, the ground should be properly managed such as pebble mulching. Page 270 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 269 The material ground of construction aggregate will be located at the beach upstream. For the sake of soil conservation, dregs retaining ridge will be built under the exaction site before the excavation. The excavated stone will be place inside the dregs retaining ridge. After the material excavation, the ground should be properly managed such as leveling. The bagged dregs retaining ridge will be 0.75m wide at the top, 0.75m in height and 1:0.5 in slope ratio. D. Electricity Transmission Site The construction of the facilities for electricity transmission should be arranged to reduce the exposure time of the excavated materials. After the construction, the ground should be properly managed. E. Land Temporarily Occupied for Engineering Site and Living Quarter The land temporarily occupied for engineering will be the sites for concrete, reinforcement and wood preparation, while the land temporarily occupied for living quarter will include dormitories, sheds and so on. During the construction period, measure of water spraying will be done at the engineering sites and living quarters to alleviate dust problem. After the construction, the temporarily occupied land will be properly managed such as of leveling and pebble mulching. F. Dumping Ground Bagged retaining walls/ridges will be built around a temporary dumping ground. The walls/ridges will be 0.75 m wide at the top, 0.75 m in height and 1:0.5 in slope ratio. The dumped things will be covered in the days of big wind and rainfall. After the construction, the temporarily occupied land will be properly managed such as of leveling and pebble mulching. Both permanent material stacking ground and permanent dumping ground will be located at the mesa upstream the auxiliary dam at the right side. For the road between permanent dumping ground to the dam site (0.5 km), the average height of the leveled dumping will be 3m. For the sake of soil conservation before stacking, masonry retaining walls will be built around a temporary dumping ground. The walls will be 0.5 m wide at the top, 1 m in height, 1:0.3 in slope ratio and 0.5 m of base depth. The stacked material will be covered at the days of big wind and rainfall. If it is to be mulched with stone, the under-layer and up-layer will be 100 mm and 200 mm in diameter. G. Permanent Living and Officing Quarters After the completion of the management station, the land will be leveled and greened. The species to grow will include Haloxylon ammodendron, Calligonum polygonoides and Astragalus adsurgens. The total coverage of greening will be 0.04 ha. Construction of Ertanggou Reservoir The soil conservation activities in the project construction will cover the primary construction section, the special structure re-construction section and the resettlement zone. The primary construction section will include dam construction site, road building site, material excavation site, electricity transmission site, temporary engineering site and living Page 271 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 270 quarter, temporary stacking ground and flood prevention area. The measures will include engineering measures, biological measures and temporary measures. A. Primary Construction Section a. Dam Construction Site Engineering measures will include the construction activities of dam, spillway, sand-wash tunnel, diversion/flood discharging tunnel and so on. In accordance with the overall design, the slopes upstream and downstream of the dam will be protected, the spillway and diversion/flood discharging tunnel will be supported by energy dissipation and erosion control measures. The slopes at the both ends of the dam are rocky slopes and will be excavated at stable slope ratio for the sake of soil conservation. In the process of dam building, masonry retaining walls will be built at downstream dam toe to prevent the soil and stone from dropping into the river downstream. The retaining wall will be 450 m long. This masonry gravity wall will be 0.5m wide at the top, 1.0m in height, ramp slope ratio of 1:0.3 and 0.5 m in base depth. The earthwork, backfill sand/gravels and masonry will be 361.7m 3 , 123.8 m 3 and 472.5m 3 , respectively. Reservoir Management Station : Before the construction of the reservoir management station, the surface soil will be peeled off, put at a corner of the site, kept with bagged retaining wall around and covered at the days of big wind and rainfall. The work amount of peeling/backfilling and bagged retaining wall will be 150m 3 and 43 m 3 , respectively. The bagged retaining wall will be 50m long, 0.75 m wide at the top, 0.75 m in height, ramp slope ratio of 1:0.5. Biological Measure : After the completion of the management station, the surface soil will be backfilled, and the land will be leveled and greened. The species to grow will include Haloxylon ammodendron (140 pc), Calligonum polygonoides (140 pc) and Astragalus adsurgens (2.5 kg of seeds). The total coverage of greening will be 0.05 ha and the level ground will be 0.1 ha. In addition, a set of irrigation system will be equipped. (Feasibility Analysis of the Biological Measures: The soils in the project are mainly sandy soil, and there is some light chestnut soil and brown soil in the reservoir area. The thin soil is loose in texture and mixed with weathered detritus. According to the climatic and soil conditions in the project area, the species to be selected are drought-endurance plants such as Haloxylon ammodendron, Calligonum polygonoides and Astragalus adsurgens. b. Road Building Site Before the road construction, bagged retaining walls (7200 m long) will be built at the both sides of the filled subgrades for soil conservation. The walls will be 0.75 m wide at the top, 0.75 m in height and 1:0.5 in slope ratio. The earthwork will amount to 5063 m 3 . After the completion, the bagged soil will be used for plant cultivation. Water will be sprayed for dust depression. c. Material Ground Page 272 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 271 C 1-1 material ground: The excavation depth will be less than 4.2m with stable slope ratio of 1:2. The activity of engineering waste dump will be combined with the excavation of construction materials downstream the dam. Since the quantity of material excavation is much larger than the waste dump, the pit for material excavation will kept big enough even with waste dump. Material will be excavated section by section. After material excavation is completed in one section, it will be backfilled with engineering waste and leveled. After the sites for C 1-2 and C 1-3 material grounds are leveled, gravels on the beach will be collected for mulching the site surfaces. The under-layer and up-layer gravels will be 100 mm and 200 mm in diameter. Altogether, 34.65 ha of land will be leveled, and 22.90 ha will be mulched with gravels. After the completion of the material excavation downstream, the scouring section will be protected with slope masonry to prevent the embankment from slope slide or collapse. At the same time, this section of river will be trimmed for smooth flow. The slope protection will be 1500m long and 0.3 m thick and with slope ratio of 1:3. The masonry required will amount to 1350m 3 . The material ground for C3 aggregate will be located on the riverbed (III terrace) downstream. To prevent the site of material excavation from water-soil loss, dregs retaining ridge will be built under the site before the excavation. After the excavation, the stone material will be placed inside the dregs retaining ridge (300 m long). The bagged dregs retaining ridge will be 0.75m wide at the top, 0.75m in height and 1:0.5 in slope ratio. 211m 3 of earthwork will be required to build this bagged dregs retaining ridge. After the material excavation, the site will be leveled (4.0 ha). d. Electricity Transmission Site In the construction of electricity transmission facility, the dregs from the wire pole pit will be put together and retained with bagged dregs retaining ridge. It will be covered at the days of big wind and rainfall. After the completion of the construction, the site will be leveled (5.30 ha). The ridge will be 1000m long, and 437.5m 3 of earthwork will be required. The temporary pipeline for construction water supply will lie on the ground surface. The pipeline will be dismantled after the completion of the construction, and the site will be managed (0.48 ha). In the construction of temporary electricity transmission facility, the dregs from the wire pole pit will be put together and retained with bagged dregs retaining ridge. It will be covered at the days of big wind and rainfall. After the completion of the construction, the site will be leveled (1.25 ha). The ridge will be 0.75m wide at the top, 0.5m in height and 1:0.5 in slope ratio. The ridge of 300 m long will require 131.5m 3 of earthwork. In the construction of permanent electricity transmission facility, the dregs from the wire pole pit will be put together and retained with bagged dregs retaining ridge. It will be covered at the days of big wind and rainfall. After the completion of the construction, the site will be leveled (5.30 ha). The ridge will be 1000m long, and 437.5m 3 of earthwork will be required. e. Temporary Engineering Site Living Quarter Page 273 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 272 Bagged dregs retaining ridge of 425 m will be built around the site. The cross section of the ridge is of the same as for that at the dam site. After the completion of the construction, the site will be leveled (1.74 ha). If it is to be mulched with stone, the under-layer and up-layer will be 100 mm and 200 mm in diameter. f. Temporary Material Ground Before stacking, bagged retaining walls (1100 m) will be built around a temporary material stacking ground. The cross section of the wall is of the same as for that at the dam site. The bagged will contain 540m 3 of soil. The material will be covered at the days of big wind and rainfall (covering material 25600m 2 ). After the material is used up, the site (2.52 ha) will be mulched with stone. The under-layer and up-layer will be 100 mm and 200 mm in diameter, respectively. g. Flood Prevention Area In the process of foundation excavation for flood bank, the backfill earth beside the construction site will be retained with bagged retaining ridge (550m) and cover on top. The ridge will be 0.75m wide on top and 0.75m in height with slope ratio of 1:0.5. Altogether, 468m 3 of earth and 650m 2 of covering material will be required. To reduce the time of earth/stone stacking, engineering activities should not be arranged at the days of big wind and rainfall, if applicable. After the completion of the construction, the site (1.50 ha) should be leveled. B. Construction Site of Special Structures a. Site of Hydrological Station Before the engineering, the surface soil will be peeled off. The peeling quantity depends on how much soil will be required for the forthcoming vegetation building. The soil will be retained with bagged retaining ridge. It will be covered at the days of big wind and rainfall for soil conservation. After the completion of the hydrological station, the surface soil will be backfilled, and the land will be leveled and greened. The species to grow will include Haloxylon ammodendron, Calligonum polygonoides and Astragalus adsurgens. In addition, a set of irrigation system will be equipped. b. Site of Simple Road Construction Before the construction, the filled roadbed will be protected by bagged retaining ridge at the both sides for soil conservation. C. Resettlement Zone a. Production Area In accordance with the resettlement action plan, 15.73 ha of farmland will be required for the resettlers due to the construction of Ertanggou Reservoir. It is planned to reclaim 13.07 ha of farmland. Vegetable cultivation will be the main crop, and there will be limited problem of Page 274 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 273 water-soil loss. At the new production area for resettlement, the following measures of soil conservation will be taken: According to the resettlement action plan, the land reclamation will be: When the slope is between 20°~25°, farmland of sloping terrace will be built, and when the slope is less than 20°, farmland of leveling terrace will be built. Some of the farmland ridges will be protected by dry-laid stone masonry. In addition, irrigation and drainage facilities will be built around. The terraced farmland will be reclaimed along the contour. Small structures such as water interception trench, water retaining pool and drainage channel will be constructed for water harvest and soil conservation. Contour cultivation and intercropping will be the major patterns in the agricultural production in the resettlement zone. Then, the vegetation coverage and duration will be enlarged together with soil conservation. b. Living Quarter The living quarter for the resettlers will be 2.67 ha. It will be composed of the facilities of residential houses, school, roads and other infrastructures. Problems in soil conservation will take place mainly during the period of land leveling. According to the resettlement action plan, the measures of soil conservation here will include the construction of masonry retaining walls, slope protection, drainage channels and so on. Construction of Alagou Reservoir The project construction will be done in 6 sections. They are dam construction site, material excavation site, material stacking ground, road building site, temporary engineering site and living quarter and special structure construction site. The measures will include engineering measures, biological measures and temporary measures. A. Salient works area a. Salient structure During the process of dam filling, there will be a cofferdam on the upper side but no retaining structure on the lower side, so a retaining wall needs to be built at the dam toe on the downstream side to prevent mud and stone from entering to the lower river channel in construction. The retaining wall will be of masonry gravity wall with a length of 450m, a crest width of 0.5m, a height of 1.0m, a slope ratio of 1:0.3, and a foundation depth of 0.5m, and it requires 146m 3 of earth cut and 517 m 3 of grouted rubble. b. Reservoir management station Prior to the construction the management station, the topsoil in this area will be stripped and placed at a corner in a concentrated way. It will be retained by sacked earth and covered with color striped fabric in case of strong wind or rainstorm. When the station is built, make green the open spaces, backfill the land with topsoil and level it, plant bushes sacsaoul, Calligonum and seeds of Astragalus Adsurgens Pall, and furnish a complete set of irrigation system. Topsoil stripping and backfill amounts to 150mm 3 , and the area to be retained with sacked earth is 50m long. The sacked earth retaining ridge will be 0.75m wide on the top, 0.75m Page 275 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 274 high, and 1:0.5 in slope ratio and require 43m 3 of sacked earth. The area to be greened is 0.05hm 2 , which will be planted with 140 sacsaouls, 140 Calligonums, and sown with 2.5kg of Astragalus Adsurgens Pall seeds. c. Access to reservoir The accesses from the reservoir area to outside include a 2km-long road from the reservoir to the reservoir management area and a 4km-long road from the reservoir management area to Nanshan mining area. Both are of Grade 3. The roadbed will be prepared through excavation and filling, and the latter will be the major part. To prevent loss of soil and water during the roadbed construction, it’s planned to use sacked earth for retaining on both sides of the filled roadbed with a retaining length of 7200m. The sacked earth retaining ridge will be 0.75m wide on the top, 0.75m high, and 1:0.5 in slope ratio and require 5400m 3 of sacked earth. B. Quarry area Although the quarry upstream of the dam for dam fill materials will be inundated at reservoir impoundment, it should be excavated at a stable slope to avoid landslide caused by watering. The project spoil will be treated combined with the use of the quarry upstream of the dam. Since the amount of the excavated materials is far more than that of the spoil, the excavated pit will be big enough to accommodate the spoil. The quarry will be excavated by zone. After one zone is exploited, it will be backfilled with spoil in time, and then the spoil will be spread and leveled. The surface of the filled spoil will be covered with derrick stone collected from the shoal in two layers, the lower one with stone of about 100mm in diameter and the upper one with stone of about 200mm in diameter. The spoil surface to be treated totals 5.5hm 2 . As for the quarry downstream of the dam, to prevent water flow from scouring the excavated slopes and the consequent landslide and collapse of the banks, masonry slope protection is proposed for the excavation slopes of the section that may suffer scouring. Meanwhile, river dredging should be conducted to smooth the water flow. The section to be protected is 1500m long with a slope ratio of 1:3 and a protection thickness of 0.3m and requires 5985m 3 of grouted rubble. The quarry for aggregate is at Yu’ergou Gobi. To prevent loss of soil and water on the mining surface, under which a retaining ridge will be build before exploitation, and the rock will be piled within the ridge. The ridge will be built with sacked earth, 300m long, 0.75m wide on the top, 0.75m high and 1:0.5 in slope ratio, and require 255m 3 of sacked earth. After the exploitation, the excavation slash will be treated. The land will be leveled first, and then be covered with derrick stone collected nearby in two layers, the lower one with stone of about 100mm in diameter and the upper one with stone of about 200mm in diameter. The slash to be treated totals 2.85hm 2 . C. Storage area The temporary storage area is located at the left-bank alluvial plain 1km downstream of the damsite. To prevent loss of soil and water, sacked earth will be piled around the area prior to material storage for the purpose of retaining. The piled sacked earth will extend 720m long with a sectional size same as that of the salient works area and require 540m 3 of sacked earth. The stored materials will be covered with color striped fabric in construction in case of strong wind or rainstorm. The color striped fabric demand is 25500m 2 . When the stored materials are used up, the storage slash should be treated through covering it with derrick stone collected nearby in two layers, the lower one with stone of about 100mm in diameter Page 276 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 275 and the upper one with stone of about 200mm in diameter. The slash to be treated totals 2.4hm 2 . D. Construction access area Sacked earth will be arranged on both sides of the access during the construction period to avoid soil loss in roadbed construction and operation. The sacked earth block will be 5140m long in total with a sectional size same as that of the salient works area. When the construction is completed, the access will be demolished, and the area being occupied will be leveled and treated through covering it with derrick stone in two layers, the lower one with stone of about 100mm in diameter and the upper one with stone of about 200mm in diameter. The area to be treated totals 1.8hm 2 . E. Production and living quarter in construction The production and living quarter in construction is situated at the foot of the mountain and is 2km downstream of the dam, covering 1.07hm 2 . Temporary protective measures should be taken during the construction to prevent loss of soil, and the construction slash should be treated after the completion of construction. The temporary protective measures in construction are: to pile sacked earth into a retaining ridge around the construction area for 425m in total with a sectional area same as that of the salient works area; and to treat the construction slash when the construction is completed, i.e., to cover the ground surface being leveled with derrick stone collected nearby in two layers, the lower one with stone of about 100mm in diameter and the upper one with stone of about 200mm in diameter. The area to be treated totals 1.07hm 2 . F. Special facilities reconstruction area a. Relocation area for hydrometric station Alagou Hydrometric Station will be inundated in the reservoir area, so it’s planned to select a site on the upstream to rebuild a hydrometric station. The relocation area will occupy 1.53hm 2 of Gobi barren land. The planned water and soil conservation approach is as follows: the topsoil in the area will be stripped prior to the construction with an amount up to the demand of vegetation and be placed at a corner in a concentrated way. It will be retained by sacked earth around and covered with color striped fabric in case of strong wind or rainstorm. Since there are many strong wind days in the local area, it’s proposed to temporarily cover the disturbed ground surface with color striped fabric until the end of the construction so as to avoid loss of soil and water due to wind erosion. When the hydrometric station is built, make green the open spaces, backfill the land with topsoil and level it, plant bushes sacsaoul, Calligonum and seeds of Astragalus Adsurgens Pall, and furnish a complete set of irrigation system. As for the relocation area for hydrometric station, topsoil stripping and backfill amounts to 1350mm 3 , and the area to be retained with sacked earth is 150m long. The sacked earth retaining ridge will be 0.75m wide on the top, 0.75m high, and 1:0.5 in slope ratio and require 112m 3 of sacked earth. The color striped fabric demand is 2200m 2 . The area to be greened is 0.45hm 2 , which will be planted with 1260 sacsaouls, 1260 Calligonums, and sown with 22.5kg of Astragalus Adsurgens Pall seeds. Page 277 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 276 b. Power line reconstruction area 3km of 220kV power line needs to be reestablished at other place for the project, and the construction will disturb the ground surface and result in loss of soil and water. The reconstruction area will occupy 0.16hm 2 of land. It’s planned to temporarily cover the area with color striped fabric in construction and to treat the area by covering it with derrick stone after construction. The color striped fabric demand is 220 m 2 , and the slash to be treated is 0.16hm 2 . c. Water supply pipe line reconstruction area 2.0km of water supply pipe line needs to be reestablished for the project, and that will occupy 0.82 hm 2 of land, of which 0.63hm 2 is Gobi desert and 0.19hm 2 is dry land. The backfill earth will be piled on one side of the pipe temporarily during the excavation period, retained by sacked earth and covered with color striped fabric. The time for temporary piling of the earth rock should be minimized in construction, and the construction should avoid strong wind or raining days as far as possible. When the pipes are installed, the occupied area will be covered with rock block. The land to be treated totals 0.82 hm 2 , and the sacked earth retaining ridge will be 550m long, 0.75m wide on the top, 0.75m high, and 1:0.5 in slope ratio, and require 468m 3 of sacked earth. The color striped fabric demand is 650m 2 . d. Communication line reconstruction area 4km of communication line needs to be reestablished at other place for the project, and the reconstruction area will occupy 1.15hm 2 of land. The prevention measures proposed are the same as those for the power line reconstruction area, and the main measures are to temporarily cover the area with color striped fabric in construction and to treat the area by covering it with derrick stone after construction. The color striped fabric demand is 450 m 2 , and the slash to be treated is 1.15hm 2 . e. Simple road reconstruction area 6.5km simple road needs to be reconstructed, and that will occupy 8.45 hm 2 of land, of which 5.98hm 2 is Gobi desert and 2.47hm 2 is dry land. The roadbed will be prepared through excavation and filling, and the latter will be the major part. To prevent loss of soil and water during the roadbed construction, it’s planned to use sacked earth for retaining on both sides of the filled roadbed with a retaining length of 13,000m. The sacked earth retaining ridge will be 0.75m wide on the top, 0.75m high, and 1:0.5 in slope ratio and require 11050m 3 of sacked earth. Evaluation on the measures: The above measures to control soil and water erosion can significantly reduce the loss of soil and water for the three reservoirs during the project construction period and natural restoration period. In addition, the planting measure can increase the greening area in the project area, and that will play a certain role in improving the regional environment. 6.1.3 Mitigation measures during operation period 6.1.3.1 General measures Page 278 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 277 (1) Domestic sewage treatment measures; (2) Solid waste treatment measures; (3) Ecological environment protective measures - measures to prevent drying up of the lower watercourse; Specific measures to be taken for the three reservoirs in regard to the above three aspects are presented in Section 6.1.3.2. (4) Measures to prevent dam failure risk during operation period To prevent dam failure risk, the emergency measures for the three reservoirs are: internal emergency measures, emphasizing on the measures for the dams; external emergency measures, emphasizing on the protective facilities for the safety downstream of the dam and remedy measures. Internal emergency measures A. To take urgent measures to lower the water level of the reservoir, for example, to open the spillway, flood release tunnel and other water discharge facilities. B. To immediately evacuate the construction and management personnel on the dam and in the adjacent areas to ensure the personal safety of the staff. External emergency measures A. To analyze the range of inundation of the lower reaches by GIS and other information technologies, and to determine the impact range of dam failure based on the analysis results. B. To inform the local government of the area downstream of the dam about the accident, evacuate the residents possibly impacted, and minimize the personal and property dangers to the residents caused by dam failure. C. To clarify the quantity, position, and performance of emergency supplies and initiate the distribution and receiving procedures. D. To ensure the accesses in the plant area and to outside are unimpeded. E. To initiate the communication, transportation and other systems that can be used when the accident occurs. Evaluation on the measures: The above measures can minimize the losses of dam failure. 6.1.3.2 Special measures (1) Domestic sewage treatment measures Meiyaogou Reservoir Meiyaogou Reservoir is staffed with 6 front-line persons. If they work in two shifts, there will be 3 front-line operators constantly, plus 4 management personnel, then the sewage Page 279 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 278 discharge will be 0.6t per day based on a per capita sewage discharge of 85L per day, and the annual sewage discharge will be up to 217t. WSZ underground complete sewage treatment equipment is proposed to treat this part of sewage. It has a sewage treatment capacity of 1m 3 /h, which can meet the demand of domestic sewage treatment for the management area. After being treated, the domestic sewage can be used to water the grasses and plants in the area and the trees along the permanent road in summer and be discharged to the desert and Gobi far away from the river course in winter. Ertanggou Reservoir WSZ underground complete sewage treatment equipment is proposed to treat the sewage produced by the reservoir operators and management personnel during the operation period. It has a sewage treatment capacity of 1m 3 /h, which can meet the demand of domestic sewage treatment for the management area. After being treated, the domestic sewage can be used to water the grasses and plants in the area and the trees along the permanent road in summer and be discharged to the desert and Gobi far away from the river course in winter. Alagou Reservoir Alagou Reservoir is staffed with 16 persons during the operation period who will produce 4 tons of sewage per day. The domestic sewage from the reservoir management area will be collected and drained to a septic tank via pipe. The 10-40B10 septic tank built during the construction period can be used, but vehicles cannot pass over it. Due to the small flow of the Alagou River on the downstream of the reservoir, direct discharge of sewage to the river will pollute the lower reaches to a cer tain extent. It’s required that the treated domestic sewage be collected through an impervious tank. The impervious tank will utilize the facilities built during the construction period and will collect the outflow from the septic tank. The water can be used for plant watering in the management area or evaporate naturally and will not be discharged directly to the water body. Evaluation on the measures: The above domestic sewage treatment measures can ensure the sewage treatment up to the standard 100%, and the comprehensive utilization of the treated water can permanently and effectively avoid the pollution of domestic sewage to the river water. (2) Solid waste treatment measures Meiyaogou Reservoir, Ertanggou Reservoir 3 garbage collectors will be furnished in the management and living quarters of Meiyaogou Reservoir and Ertanggou Reservoir respectively to collect the domestic garbage in a concentrated way. The garbage will be cleared regularly each week and be transported to and filled in the solid waste landfill of Tuokexun County so as to prevent it from entering the reservoir area and polluting the water body. Alagou Reservoir 4 garbage collectors will be furnished in the management and living quarters of Alagou Reservoir to collect the domestic garbage in a concentrated way. The garbage will be cleared Page 280 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 279 regularly each week and be transported to and filled in the solid waste landfill of Tuokexun County so as to prevent it from entering the reservoir area and polluting the water body. Evaluation on the measures: The above domestic garbage treatment measures can ensure a garbage treatment rate of 100% and can effectively protect the living environment of the management area. (3) Ecological environment protective measures - measures to prevent drying up of the lower watercourse To carry out the essentials of the Circular on Strengthening Environmental Protection in Hydropower Development (HuanFa [2005] No. 13) jointly issued by the former General Administration of Environmental Protection of China and the National Development and Reform Commission, dehydration of the lower watercourse and increment of drying-up extent of the watercourse should be avoided so as to reduce the impact on water environment and aquatic ecology. Meiyaogou Reservoir Currently Meiyaogou River course is basically drying up when water is diverted from the headwork of Renmin canal; in addition, there is no ecological flow demand for the watercourse downstream of the Meiyaogou Reservoir dam. Therefore, the reservoir will not discharge water to the lower watercourse during the operation period. Ertanggou Reservoir According to the design of main works, a 500mm-diameter glass fiber reinforced plastic pipe extending from the access to the dam to the riverbed downstream of the dam is proposed at the outlet of irrigation water outlet to discharge ecological base flow. The discharge is required to be not less than 10% of the long-term average flow at the damsite section, i.e., 0.25 m 3 /s. Alagou Reservoir A small-sized siphon pipe will be installed at the damsite to discharge ecological base flow not less than 0.4 m 3 /s. Evaluation on the measures: The discharge measures for ecological base flow can ensure no increment in drying up section of the Ertanggou and Alagou rivers during the operation period of the works. (4) Resettlement Among the three proposed reservoirs, only Ertanggou Reservoir involves resettlement. To solve the problem of poor soil quality of farmland in the host area for Ertanggou Reservoir, it’s required to mellow the soil of farmland in the host area to ensure the quality of the farmland not inferior to that of the original farmland. \03 Page 281 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 2 8 0 S u m m a r y o f G e n e r a l M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s a g a i n s t E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t s o f R e s e r v o i r W o r k s T a b l e 6 . 1 - 1 0 T y p e P e r i o d E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t Design stage D u r i n g t h e d e s i g n s t a g e o f t h e t h r e e r e s e r v o i r s , t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s h a v e b e e n c o n s i d e r e d a s f a r a s p o s s i b l e i n t h e s e l e c t i o n o f d a m s i t e , q u a r r y , a n d d u m p i n g a r e a , c o n s t r u c t i o n p l a n n i n g a n d o t h e r a s p e c t s s o a s t o o b t a i n t h e m a x i m u m p r o j e c t b e n e f i t w i t h t h e m i n i m u m d i s t u r b a n c e a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l c h a n g e . I n t h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a l i m p a c t r e p o r t , t h e s e c o n d t i m e o f p u b l i c p a r t i c i p a t i o n w i l l b e i n v o l v e d t o s o l i c i t t h e c o m m e n t s a n d s u g g e s t i o n s f r o m t h e p e o p l e t h a t m a y b e i m p a c t e d i n t h e p r o j e c t c o n s t r u c t i o n s o a s t o f u r t h e r i m p r o v e t h e d e s i g n o f m a i n w o r k s a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n m e a s u r e s . M e a n w h i l e , t h e p u b l i c c o m m e n t s a n d s u g g e s t i o n s w i l l b e r e p o r t e d t o t h e r e l e v a n t a u t h o r i t i e s a n d m o n i t o r i n g d e p a r t m e n t s , a n d t h e s o l u t i o n s w i l l b e p u b l i c i z e d . D e s i g n e r , E n v i r o n m e n t w o r k g r o u p E n v i r o n m e n t a l m a n a g e m e n t o f f i c e s o f T u r p a n C i t y , S h a n s h a n C o u n t y , a n d T u o k e x u n C o u n t y — W a t e r e n v i r o n m e n t U s e o f c o n v e n t i o n a l e x p l o s i v e i n c o n s t r u c t i o n w i l l g r e a t l y i n f l u e n c e w a t e r q u a l i t y , s o i t ’ s s u g g e s t e d t o u s e e m u l s i f i e d e x p l o s i v e , w a t e r g e l e x p l o s i v e a n d o t h e r e n v i r o n m e n t a l f r i e n d l y e x p l o s i v e s t o m i t i g a t e t h e i m p a c t o f e x p l o s i v e s o n w a t e r q u a l i t y . I n l i n e w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f “ t h r e e s i m u l t a n e o u s n e s s ” , t h e O w n e r s h o u l d i n c l u d e t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d e f f e c t i v e o p e r a t i o n o f w a s t e w a t e r t r e a t m e n t s t a t i o n a s a n a r t i c l e o f t h e P r o j e c t C o n t r a c t t o e n s u r e i t s e f f e c t i v e o p e r a t i o n . P r o j e c t e n v i r o n m e n t a l m a n a g e m e n t d e p a r t m e n t s h o u l d o v e r s e e a n d i n s p e c t t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e r e g u l a r l y , f i n d o u t t h e p r o d u c t i o n w a s t e w a t e r t r e a t m e n t s t a t u s , a n d p u t f o r w a r d t h e c o r r e c t i v e c o m m e n t s o n h a r m f u l s i t u a t i o n s o r a l l y a n d i n w r i t t e n . R e s e r v o i r b o t t o m c l e a r a n c e m e a s u r e s . Reservoir Construction period Ambient air D u s t T h e d a m c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a a n d m a t e r i a l p i l i n g a r e a w h e r e t h e r e i s q u i t e a l o t o f e x c a v a t i o n , t h e m e a s u r e o f s p r i n k l i n g w i l l b e t a k e n o n d a y s w i t h o u t r a i n ( m a i n l y f o r t h e p l a c e s o f e x c a v a t i o n , d u m p i n g a n d l o a d i n g ) t o s p e e d u p t h e d u s t s e t t l e m e n t a n d l e s s e n t h e t i m e a n d s c o p e o f d u s t i m p a c t . T h e t i m e s o f s p r i n k l i n g a n d w a t e r d e m a n d w i l l b e d e t e r m i n e d a c c o r d i n g t o t h e w e a t h e r a n d d u s t y i e l d . T h e n e i g h b o r i n g a r e a s o f t h e p r o c e s s i n g s y s t e m w i l l b e s u p p l e m e n t e d w i t h d u s t r e d u c t i o n t h r o u g h s p r i n k l i n g t o l e s s e n t h e t i m e a n d s c o p e o f d u s t i m p a c t . A i r c o n t a m i n a t i o n s h o u l d b e p r e v e n t e d d u r i n g t h e m a t e r i a l t r a n s p o r t a t i o n p r o c e s s . T h e d u s t y m a t e r i a l s s h o u l d b e w e t t e d p r o p e r l y o r c o v e r e d w i t h c a n v a s t a r p a u l i n . T h e t a n k s o f v e h i c l e s t o t r a n s p o r t b u l k c e m e n t s h o u l d b e i n g o o d s e a l e d s t a t u s , a n d t h e b a g g e d c e m e n t s h o u l d b e c o v e r e d a n d c l o s e d i n t r a n s p o r t . T h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n v e h i c l e s s h o u l d b e o f t e n c l e a n e d . T h e p a v e m e n t d a m a g e d b y v e h i c l e s s h o u l d b e r e p a i r e d i n t i m e , a n d t h e t e m p o r a r y c o n s t r u c t i o n r o a d s h o u l d b e p a v e d w i t h g r a v e l t o r e d u c e t h e d u s t c a u s e d b y p o o r r o a d c o n d i t i o n s . S p r i n k l i n g t r u c k s s h o u l d b e a r r a n g e d i n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a t o s p r i n k l e t h e e x c a v a t i o n a r e a , m a t e r i a l p i l i n g a r e a , c o n s t r u c t i o n r o a d a n d o t h e r p l a c e s w i t h m u c h d u s t o n t h e d a y s w i t h o u t r a i n . T h e d u m p i n g a r e a s h o u l d b e s p r i n k l e d r e g u l a r l y t o c o n t r o l d u s t , a n d t h e t i m e s o f s p r i n k l i n g w i l l b e d e t e r m i n e d a c c o r d i n g t o t h e a c t u a l d u s t y i e l d . I n t h e l i g h t o f t h e r e l e v a n t r e g u l a t i o n o n l a b o r p r o t e c t i o n o f C h i n a , t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l o n t h e s i t e m u s t b e p r o v i d e d w i t h d u s t p r o o f m a s k a n d o t h e r p r o t e c t i v e a r t i c l e s f o r l a b o r p r o t e c t i o n . C o n s t r u c t o r X i n j i a n g E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n D e p a r t m e n t , e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n b u r e a u s o f T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e , T u r p a n C i t y , S h a n s h a n C o u n t y a n d T u o k e x u n C o u n t y T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g S t a t i o n Page 282 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 2 8 1 T y p e P e r i o d E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t W a s t e g a s T o c o n t r o l t h e a i r p o l l u t i o n b y c o n s t r u c t i o n w a s t e g a s e m i s s i o n a n d r e d u c e C O , N O 2 a n d o t h e r p o l l u t a n t s , t h e C o n s t r u c t o r s h o u l d s e l e c t c o n s t r u c t i o n m a c h i n e r y a n d m e a n s o f t r a n s p o r t t o e n s u r e t h e w a s t e g a s e m i s s i o n m e e t t h e n a t i o n a l s t a n d a r d . T o i m p l e m e n t t h e S t a n d a r d o f V e h i c l e s S c r a p p a g e , c a r r y o u t t h e s y s t e m o f m a n d a t o r y r e n o v a t i o n a n d s c r a p i n g , a n d d u l y r e p l a c e t h e o l d v e h i c l e s w h o s e e n g i n e s h a v e h i g h g a s c o n s u m p t i o n a n d l o w e f f i c i e n c y a n d t h e t a i l g a s e m i s s i o n s e r i o u s l y e x c e e d s t h e s t a n d a r d . E n h a n c e t h e m a i n t e n a n c e o f t h e m a c h i n e r y e q u i p m e n t u s i n g f u e l o i l s o a s t o k e e p t h e e n g i n e s i n n o r m a l a n d g o o d s e r v i c e c o n d i t i o n . I n t h e s e c t i o n o f t u n n e l i n g b y d r i l l i n g a n d b l a s t i n g , v e n t i l a t i o n a n d d u s t r e m o v a l m e a s u r e s w i l l b e c o n s i d e r e d i n c o n s t r u c t i o n . T h e i n s t a l l a t i o n o f a x i a l f l o w v e n t i l a t o r s a n d a i r p u r i f i e r s c a n s i g n i f i c a n t l y i m p r o v e t h e a i r q u a l i t y . A c o u s t i c e n v i r o n m e n t D i s t r i b u t e e a r p l u g s , e a r f l a p s , a n t i - n o i s e c o t t o n , a n t i - n o i s e h e l m e t a n d o t h e r p e r s o n a l p r o t e c t i o n a r t i c l e s , a n d c h o o s e t h e m o s t p r o p e r p r o t e c t i o n a r t i c l e s a c c o r d i n g t o t h e p o s t . S t r e n g t h e n r o a d c u r i n g a n d v e h i c l e m a i n t e n a n c e s o a s t o r e d u c e n o i s e s o u r c e . V e h i c l e s i n s e r v i c e m u s t c o n f o r m t o t h e L i m i t s o f N o i s e E m i t t e d b y S t a t i o n a r y R o a d V e h i c l e s ( G B 1 6 1 7 0 - 1 9 9 6 ) a n d A l l o w a b l e N o i s e L i m i t s f o r M o t o r v e h i c l e ( G B 1 4 9 5 - 7 9 ) , a n d l o w - n o i s e v e h i c l e s s h o u l d b e u s e d a s f a r a s p o s s i b l e . U s e a n t i - v i b r a t i o n m o u n t i n g f o r e q u i p m e n t v i b r a t i n g g r e a t l y . D o m e s t i c g a r b a g e A r r a n g e m o v a b l e g a r b a g e c o l l e c t o r s a n d g a r b a g e c a n s i n t h e t e m p o r a r y l i v i n g q u a r t e r s , o f t e n s p r a y p e s t i c i d e a t t h e g a r b a g e c o l l e c t i n g s t a t i o n t o a v o i d u n f a v o r a b l e i m p a c t o n t h e l i v i n g a n d h e a l t h o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l d u e t o b r e e d i n g o f m o s q u i t o e s a n d f l i e s . F u r n i s h r e f u s e t r u c k s t o d e l i v e r d o m e s t i c g a r b a g e t o t h e w a s t e y a r d c l o s e s t t o t h e p r o j e c t a r e a , a n d t r e a t t h e g a r b a g e b y f i l l i n g . D o a g o o d j o b i n s a n i t a t i o n p r o p a g a n d a t o t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l a n d m a k e t h e m g e t u s e d t o p u t g a r b a g e i n t h e g a r b a g e c o l l e c t o r . E c o l o g i c a l e n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n o f t e r r e s t r i a l p l a n t s I d e n t i f y t h e s c o p e o f a r e a f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d f o r b i d t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l a n d v e h i c l e s t o e n t e r i n t o t h e n o n - c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a . W h e n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n i s c o m p l e t e d , t h e t e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a n d l i v i n g f a c i l i t i e s w i l l b e r e m o v e d , a n d t h e s e a r e a s , q u a r r y , a n d o t h e r c o n s t r u c t i o n s l a s h e s w i l l b e l e v e l e d t o f a c i l i t a t e t h e r e c o v e r y o f v e g e t a t i o n u n d e r n a t u r a l s t a t u s . P r o t e c t i o n o f t e r r e s t r i a l a n i m a l s : A . S t r e n g t h e n p r o p a g a n d a a n d e d u c a t i o n o f t h e e c o l o g i c a l p r o t e c t i o n i n f o r m s o f b r o c h u r e a n d s i g n p l a t e s t o t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l a n d r e s i d e n t s a r o u n d , a n d r e s t r i c t t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l t o h u n t t h e l o c a l w i l d a n i m a l s i l l e g a l l y a n d e a t b i r d s a n d b e a s t s t o m i t i g a t e t h e i m p a c t o f c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e l o c a l t e r r e s t r i a l a n i m a l s . B . S e t u p a p u n i s h m e n t s y s t e m f o r e c o l o g i c a l d e s t r o y i n g , f o r b i d t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l t o h u n t w i l d a n i m a l s i l l e g a l l y o r t o e a t b i r d s a n d b e a s t s ; i d e n t i f y t h e s c o p e o f c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a a c c o r d i n g t o t h e g e n e r a l c o n s t r u c t i o n l a y o u t , e s t a b l i s h s t a k e s a n d b o u n d a r i e s , c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l a n d v e h i c l e s t o e n t e r i n t o t h e n o n - c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a ; f o r b i d s m o k i n g a n d f i r i n g i n t h e n o n - c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a , a n d p r o h i b i t t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l t o u s e f i r e i n t h e f i e l d . C . M o s t o f t h e w i l d b i r d s a n d b e a s t s g o o u t t o f i n d f o o d i n m o r n i n g a n d e v e n i n g , a n d t h e b i r d s r e s t a t t h e n o o n t i m e . T o r e d u c e d i s t u r b a n c e o f b l a s t i n g a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n n o i s e t o w i l d a n i m a l s , b l a s t i n g m e t h o d , q u a n t i t y a n d t i m e s h o u l d b e p l a n n e d w e l l , a n d b l a s t i n g i n t h e m o r n i n g , e v e n i n g a n d n o o n s h o u l d b e m i n i m i z e d . D . R e i n f o r c e t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n , s u p e r v i s i o n a n d m a n a g e m e n t f o r t h e p r o j e c t c o n s t r u c t i o n , e s t a b l i s h e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n a n d m o n i t o r i n g o r g a n i z a t i o n a n d s p e c i f i c e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n p e r s o n n e l , s t r e n g t h e n e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n e d u c a t i o n t o t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l , f o r b i d t h e m t o h u n t w i l d a n i m a l s , a n d h a n d l e t h e i l l e g a l a c t i v i t i e s b y l a w . C o n s t r u c t o r X i n j i a n g E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n D e p a r t m e n t , e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n b u r e a u s o f T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e , T u r p a n C i t y , S h a n s h a n a n d T u o k e x u n c o u n t i e s T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g S t a t i o n Page 283 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 2 8 2 T y p e P e r i o d E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t P u b l i c h e a l t h S a n i t a t i o n c l e a r a n c e f o r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n l i v i n g q u a r t e r a n d m a n a g e m e n t a r e a P r o t e c t i o n o f d r i n k i n g w a t e r s o u r c e a n d d i s i n f e c t i o n o f d r i n k i n g w a t e r H a r m l e s s t r e a t m e n t o f g a r b a g e , d e j e c t a a n d w a s t e w a t e r P r e v e n t i o n a g a i n s t m o s q u i t o e s a n d e x t e r m i n a t i o n o f f l i e s a n d r a t s P r e v e n t i o n a n d q u a r a n t i n e f o r p u b l i c h e a l t h P e o p l e e v a c u a t i o n a t t h e b l a s t i n g s i t e C u l t u r a l r e l i c O n c e c u l t u r a l r e l i c i s f o u n d d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d , i m m e d i a t e l y r e p o r t t o t h e l o c a l c u l t u r a l r e l i c p r o t e c t i o n a g e n c y a n d p r o t e c t t h e s i t e w e l l i n t i m e , a n d c o n t i n u e t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n w h e n t h e r e l i c p r o t e c t i o n a g e n c y p r o p e r l y h a n d l e s t h e c a s e . T h e c o s t a r i s i n g t h e r e o f w i l l b e c o v e r e d i n t h e m a i n w o r k s . T r a n s p o r t , s t o r a g e a n d u s e o f e x p l o s i v e s , f u e l s a n d o t h e r d a n g e r o u s m a t e r i a l s T h e t r a n s p o r t o f d a n g e r o u s m a t e r i a l s m u s t c o n f o r m t o t h e r e g u l a t i o n s o f t h e M i n i s t r y o f P u b l i c H e a l t h . T r a n s p o r t r u l e s w i l l b e f o r m u l a t e d p r i o r t o t h e t r a n s p o r t , i n c l u d i n g r o u t e , v e h i c l e s , t i m e , e s c o r t , p r o c e d u r e s o f d e l i v e r y a n d a c c e p t a n c e c h e c k , e t c . . T h e s t o c k o f d a n g e r o u s m a t e r i a l s m u s t f o l l o w t h e c u r r e n t e f f e c t i v e r e q u i r e m e n t s . T h e O w n e r i s r e q u i r e d t o r e p o r t t h e d a i l y d e m a n d o f d a n g e r o u s m a t e r i a l s a c c o r d i n g t o t h e p r o j e c t p r o g r e s s , a n d t h e s u p p l i e r w i l l s e t u p t h e d a i l y t r a n s p o r t a m o u n t s o a s t o a v o i d l o n g - t i m e s t o c k o f d a n g e r o u s m a t e r i a l s o n t h e s i t e . T h e u s e o f d a n g e r o u s m a t e r i a l s m u s t f o l l o w t h e r e g u l a t i o n s , a n d t h e p e r s o n s u s i n g t h e m m u s t b e s u b j e c t t o t h e r e l e v a n t t r a i n i n g a n d h a v e p o s t q u a l i f i c a t i o n c e r t i f i c a t e i n l i n e w i t h t h e s a f e t y m a n a g e m e n t r e g u l a t i o n s . A v o i d d i r e c t e x p o s a l o f t h e v e h i c l e s t o t r a n s p o r t d a n g e r o u s m a t e r i a l s i n s u n s h i n e , c h o o s e p r o p e r t i m e f o r t r a n s p o r t , a n d t a k e e f f e c t i v e t e m p e r a t u r e r e d u c i n g m e a s u r e s . R e i n f o r c e t r a f f i c s a f e t y m a n a g e m e n t a n d i m p r o v e t h e t e c h n i c a l q u a l i t y o f t h e d r i v e r s . I n c a s e a n y d a n g e r o u s m a t e r i a l l e a k a g e t o t h e r i v e r c o u r s e , m o n i t o r t h e w a t e r q u a l i t y o f t h e a r e a i n f l u e n c e d , a n d f i n d o u t t h e d i f f u s i o n r u l e s o f p o l l u t i o n s o u r c e s . N o t i f y t h e l o c a l g o v e r n m e n t s o f t h e l o w e r r e a c h e s i n t i m e , p r e v e n t t h e l e a k e d i n f l a m m a b l e a n d e x p l o s i v e m a t e r i a l s f r o m i n f l u e n c i n g t h e p e r s o n a l s a f e t y a n d h e a l t h o f t h e p e o p l e a n d c r o p g r o w t h o n t h e l o w e r r e a c h e s , a n d r e p o r t t o t h e r e l e v a n t d e p a r t m e n t s o f h i g h e r l e v e l s . I n c a s e o f f u e l l e a k a g e o r b l a s t i n g a c c i d e n t , e v a c u a t e t h e p e o p l e a t t h e a c c i d e n t s i t e i m m e d i a t e l y t o a v o i d t h e l e a k e d i n f l a m m a b l e m a t e r i a l s f r o m b u r n i n g d u e t o p e r s o n n e l f a c t o r . M e a n w h i l e , a s f o r t r a f f i c o r r i v e r c h a n n e l b l o c k a g e c a u s e d b y b l a s t i n g , t h e v e h i c l e s o r r i v e r c h a n n e l b l o c k e d s h o u l d b e d r e d g e d , a n d t h e v e h i c l e s b l o c k e d s h o u l d c h a n g e t h e r o u t e . A f t e r t h e o c c u r r e n c e o f t h e a c c i d e n t , t h e n a t u r e o f t h e a c c i d e n t s h o u l d b e d e t e r m i n e d b y a p r o f e s s i o n a l t e a m , w h o w i l l e v a l u a t e t h e a c c i d e n t c o n s e q u e n c e a n d d e t e r m i n e t h e d e g r e e o f p o l l u t i o n t o w a t e r e n v i r o n m e n t s o a s t o p r o v i d e a b a s i s f o r t h e c o m m a n d e r t o m a k e d e c i s i o n a n d f o r t h e l a t e r - s t a g e t r e a t m e n t . S p e c i f i c p e r s o n s w i l l b e d e s i g n a t e d t o w a t c h o v e r a n d m a n a g e t h e e x p l o s i v e d e p o t a n d f u e l s t o r e r o o m , a n d a r e a 1 0 0 m a r o u n d t h e e x p l o s i v e d e p o t i s c l a s s i f i e d a s d a n g e r o u s a r e a i d e n t i f i e d w i t h a s a f e t y g u a r d l i n e . T h e p e r s o n s w i t h o u t f i x e d d u t i e s w i t h i n 1 0 0 m w i l l b e d i s p e l l e d . C o n s t r u c t o r S u p e r v i s o r P o l l u t i o n o f w a t e r a n d s o i l e n v i r o n m e n t c a u s e d b y w a s t e w a t e r a g a i n s t f i r e o f o i l s t o r a g e r o o m S t r e n g t h e n t h e f i r e p r o o f p r o p a g a n d a a n d e d u c a t i o n t o t h e m a n a g e m e n t s t a f f o f t h e p o w e r s t a t i o n a n d i n c r e a s e t h e i r s e n s e o f f i r e p r e v e n t i o n . F o r m u l a t e a c o r r e s p o n d i n g s a f e p r o d u c t i o n m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m a n d r e i n f o r c e t h e s a f e p r o d u c t i o n e d u c a t i o n t o t h e m a n a g e m e n t s t a f f o f t h e p o w e r s t a t i o n . D r a i n d i t c h e s s h o u l d b e a r r a n g e d a r o u n d t h e o i l s t o r a g e r o o m , a n d a c o n c r e t e w a t e r t a n k w i t h a c a p a c i t y 1 . 5 t i m e s o f t h e m a x i m u m f i r e c o n t r o l w a t e r d e m a n d c a n b e d e s i g n e d a t t h e e n d o f t h e d r a i n d i t c h t o c o l l e c t t h e w a s t e w a t e r p r o d u c e d i n f i r e e x t i n g u i s h . I t ’ s f o r b i d d e n t o d r a i n t h e f i r e c o n t r o l w a s t e w a t e r a t d i s c r e t i o n . C o n s t r u c t o r S u p e r v i s o r Page 284 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 2 8 3 T y p e P e r i o d E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t Operation period D a m f a i l u r e r i s k I n t e r n a l e m e r g e n c y m e a s u r e s A . T a k e u r g e n t m e a s u r e s t o l o w e r t h e w a t e r l e v e l o f t h e r e s e r v o i r , f o r e x a m p l e , o p e n t h e s p i l l w a y , f l o o d r e l e a s e t u n n e l a n d o t h e r w a t e r d i s c h a r g e f a c i l i t i e s . B . I m m e d i a t e l y e v a c u a t e t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d m a n a g e m e n t p e r s o n n e l o n t h e d a m a n d i n t h e a d j a c e n t a r e a s t o e n s u r e t h e p e r s o n a l s a f e t y o f t h e s t a f f . E x t e r n a l e m e r g e n c y m e a s u r e s A . A n a l y z e t h e r a n g e o f i n u n d a t i o n o f t h e l o w e r r e a c h e s b y G I S a n d o t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n t e c h n o l o g i e s , a n d d e t e r m i n e t h e i m p a c t r a n g e o f d a m f a i l u r e b a s e d o n t h e a n a l y s i s r e s u l t s . B . I n f o r m t h e l o c a l g o v e r n m e n t o f t h e a r e a d o w n s t r e a m o f t h e d a m a b o u t t h e a c c i d e n t , e v a c u a t e t h e r e s i d e n t s p o s s i b l y i m p a c t e d , a n d m i n i m i z e t h e p e r s o n a l a n d p r o p e r t y d a n g e r s t o t h e r e s i d e n t s c a u s e d b y d a m f a i l u r e . C . C l a r i f y t h e q u a n t i t y , p o s i t i o n , a n d p e r f o r m a n c e o f e m e r g e n c y s u p p l i e s a n d i n i t i a t e t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n a n d r e c e i v i n g p r o c e d u r e s . D . E n s u r e t h e a c c e s s e s i n t h e p l a n t a r e a a n d t o o u t s i d e b e u n i m p e d e d . E . I n i t i a t e t h e c o m m u n i c a t i o n , t r a n s p o r t a t i o n a n d o t h e r s y s t e m s t h a t c a n b e u s e d w h e n t h e a c c i d e n t o c c u r s . C o n s t r u c t o r W a t e r r e s o u r c e s b u r e a u s o f T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e , T u r p a n C i t y , S h a n s h a n C o u n t y a n d T u o k e x u n C o u n t y Page 285 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 2 8 4 S u m m a r y o f S p e c i a l M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s a g a i n s t E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t s o f R e s e r v o i r W o r k s T a b l e 6 . 1 - 1 1 L o c a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t C o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d T u r p a n C i t y Y a o m e i g o u R e s e r v o i r P r o d u c t i o n w a s t e w a t e r W a s t e w a t e r f r o m a g g r e g a t e p r o c e s s i n g s y s t e m w i l l b e t r e a t e d b y c o a g u l a t i o n a n d s e d i m e n t a t i o n m e t h o d . T h e w a s t e w a t e r o f a g g r e g a t e p r o c e s s i n g p l a n t w i l l f l o w f r o m s a n d w a s h e r t o w a s t e w a t e r r e g u l a t i o n t a n k , a n d t h e n t h e w a s t e w a t e r w i t h h i g h c o n t e n t o f s u s p e n d e d s o l i d w i l l b e p u m p e d t o f i n e s a n d r e c o v e r y a n d t r e a t m e n t m a c h i n e . T h a t c a n r e c o v e r a b o u t 8 0 % o f f i n e s a n d g r e a t e r t h a n 0 . 0 3 5 m m . T h e f i l t e r e d w a t e r w i l l b e s u b j e c t t o p r i m a r y s e d i m e n t a t i o n i n g r i t t a n k , a n d t h e c l e a r l i q u i d o n t h e t o p w i l l b e a d d e d w i t h f l o c c u l a n t a n d f l o w t o s e d i m e n t a t i o n t a n k f o r s e c o n d a r y s e d i m e n t a t i o n . T h e t o p c l e a r l i q u i d s u b j e c t t o f l o c c u l a t i n g s e d i m e n t a t i o n c a n b e u s e d f o r w a t e r i n g o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e f o r d u s t r e d u c t i o n , v e g e t a t i o n i r r i g a t i o n , a n d s o o n . A r e c t a n g u l a r t a n k w i l l b e b u i l t a t t h e c o n f l u e n c e o f o i l y w a s t e w a t e r f o r m a c h i n e r y w a s h i n g , a n d a t i t s i n l e t o i l - s e p a r a t i n g m a t e r i a l s w i l l b e f u r n i s h e d . T h e o i l y w a s t e w a t e r w i l l f l o w t h r o u g h t h e m a t e r i a l s t o t h e t a n k b y g r a v i t y , a n d t h e f l o a t i n g o i l w i l l b e r e c o v e r e d w h e n t h e t a n k i s f u l l . A f t e r 1 2 h o u r s t h e w a t e r w i l l b e d r a i n e d t o w a t e r s t o r a g e t a n k a n d m a y b e u s e d f o r w a t e r s p r a y i n g t o r e d u c e d u s t . T h e t r e a t m e n t s t r u c t u r e i s s i m p l e a n d f r e e o f m a i n t e n a n c e o f m e c h a n i c a l e q u i p m e n t . D u r i n g t h e o p e r a t i o n , t h e o p e r a t o r o n l y n e e d s t o r e g u l a r l y c l e a n a n d r e p l a c e t h e o i l - s e p a r a t i n g m a t e r i a l s , c l e a n t h e t a n k s , a n d r e c o v e r t h e f l o a t i n g o i l o n t i m e . A f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n , t h e b o t t o m o f t h e t r e a t m e n t t a n k s w i l l b e c l e a r e d w i t h t h e w a s t e r e s i d u e b e i n g t r a n s f o r m e d t o s o l i d w a s t e l a n d f i l l . T h e t r e a t m e n t t a n k s w i l l b e f i l l e d w i t h e a r t h a f t e r c l e a r a n c e . W a s t e w a t e r f r o m c o n c r e t e b a t c h i n g s y s t e m w i l l b e m a i n l y s p r e a d o n t h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e i n f l a k e , a n d t h e c e m e n t s l u r r y w i l l b e c o n d e n s e d a f t e r w a t e r e v a p o r a t i o n a n d s e e p a g e a n d h a r d e n t h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e . I t n e e d s t o b e m o v e d a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n . C o n s t r u c t o r T u r p a n C i t y E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u X i n j i a n g E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n D e p a r t m e n t T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g S t a t i o n Page 286 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 2 8 5 L o c a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t D o m e s t i c s e w a g e A s e p t i c t a n k w i l l b e b u i l t i n t h e t e m p o r a r y l i v i n g q u a r t e r t o t r e a t t h e d o m e s t i c s e w a g e , a n d t h e d o m e s t i c s e w a g e d i s c h a r g e d i n a c o n c e n t r a t e d w a y w i l l b e d r a i n e d t o t h e s e p t i c t a n k v i a p i p e s a n d t h e n b e s u b j e c t t o r e g u l a r s t e r i l i z a t i o n a n d d i s i n f e c t i o n . S e p t i c t a n k : A s e p t i c t a n k w i l l b e a r r a n g e d i n t h e t e m p o r a r y l i v i n g q u a r t e r l i n e d w i t h 2 0 c m - t h i c k C 2 0 c o n c r e t e o n t h e b o t t o m a n d t h e f o u r s i d e s , a n d i t s b o t t o m w i l l b e c o v e r e d w i t h 1 0 c m - t h i c k g r a v e l c u s h i o n . T h e d a i l y s e w a g e d i s c h a r g e o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a o f M e i y a o g o u R e s e r v o i r w o r k s i s 4 9 m 3 / d , t h e s e w a g e r e c e i v i n g t a n k f o r t h e t e m p o r a r y l i v i n g q u a r t e r i s d e s i g n e d t o a c c o m m o d a t e 5 d a y s o f s e w a g e d i s c h a r g e , s o i t s d e s i g n s e w a g e r e c e i v i n g c a p a c i t y i s 2 5 0 m 3 . T h e d e s i g n s i z e o f t h e s e p t i c t a n k i s : L × W × D = 1 5 m × 1 0 m × 2 m . L a t r i n e o f b r i c k a n d c o n c r e t e s t r u c t u r e i s a r r a n g e d i n t h e t e m p o r a r y l i v i n g q u a r t e r , a n d i t ’ s c o n s i d e r e d t o u s e g r o u t e d r u b b l e f o r s e e p a g e c o n t r o l . O n l y f e c e s d r y i n g t a n k i s c o n s i d e r e d , a n d t h e f e c e s t r e a t e d w i l l b e u s e d a s m a n u r e . T h e l a t r i n e u n n e c e s s a r y a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n w i l l b e c l e a r e d , d i s i n f e c t e d a n d e m b e d d e d . E n v i r o n m e n t a l f r i e n d l y l a v a t o r i e s w i l l b e b u i l t b a s e d o n t h e n u m b e r o f p e o p l e a n d t h e i n h a b i t a t i o n d e n s i t y o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a s o f t h e m a i n w o r k s a n d f o r o t h e r w o r k s . T h e l a v a t o r i e s a r e s i m p l e a n d e a s y t o r e m o v e , a n d t h e i r l o c a t i o n c a n b e a d j u s t e d a c c o r d i n g t h e n e e d o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l . R o t o f p l a n t s i n r e s e r v o i r a r e a a n d o t h e r s T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f g e o m e m b r a n e r e q u i r e s t h e r e m o v a l o f b u i l d i n g i n t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a , f e l l i n g o f t r e e s , a n d c l e a r a n c e o f f l o a t i n g m a t t e r s . A s f o r t h e r e m o v a l o f b u i l d i n g s , t h e w a l l s w i l l b e p u s h e d o v e r a n d l e v e l e d w i t h b u l l d o z e r , a n d t h e g a r b a g e b e t r a n s p o r t e d t o t h e p e r m a n e n t d u m p i n g a r e a . T h e m a t t e r s e a s y t o f l o a t i n t h e r e s e r v o i r w i l l b e c l e a r e d m a n u a l l y , a n d a l l t h e t r e e s w i l l b e c u t d o w n a n d t r a n s p o r t e d o u t o f t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a o r b e m o v e d o u t s i d e . T h e t r e e s s h o u l d b e c u t f l u s h w i t h t h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e w i t h t h e s t u d s l e f t o v e r n o t m o r e t h a n 0 . 3 m o v e r t h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e . T h e r e m a i n i n g b r a n c h e s , w i t h e r e d t r e e s a n d o t h e r f l o a t i n g m a t t e r s w i l l b e t r a n s p o r t e d o u t s i d e t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a . C o n s t r u c t o r C o n s t r u c t i o n S u p e r v i s o r T u r p a n C i t y T u r p a n C i t y Y a o m e i g o u R e s e r v o i r A c o u s t i c e n v i r o n m e n t R e a s o n a b l y a r r a n g e t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n t i m e , a n d t r y t o a v o i d n i g h t c o n s t r u c t i o n ( 2 2 : 0 0 t o n e x t 9 : 0 0 ) . T a k e t r a f f i c c o n t r o l m e a s u r e s a t s e n s i t i v e r o a d s e c t i o n s a n d s e t u p s i g n p l a t e s a t b o t h e n d s o f t h e a c c e s s t o M e i y a o g o u V i l l a g e t o r e s t r i c t t h e v e h i c l e s p e e d w i t h i n 2 0 k m / h a n d t o f o r b i d l o u d h o r n . C o n s t r u c t o r X i n j i a n g E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n D e p a r t m e n t T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u T u r p a n C i t y E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g S t a t i o n Page 287 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 2 8 6 L o c a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t A m b i e n t a i r A i r c o n t a m i n a t i o n s h o u l d b e p r e v e n t e d d u r i n g t h e m a t e r i a l t r a n s p o r t a t i o n p r o c e s s . T h e d u s t y m a t e r i a l s s h o u l d b e w e t t e d p r o p e r l y o r c o v e r e d w i t h c a n v a s t a r p a u l i n . T h e t a n k s o f v e h i c l e s t o t r a n s p o r t b u l k c e m e n t s h o u l d b e i n g o o d s e a l e d s t a t u s , a n d t h e b a g g e d c e m e n t s h o u l d b e c o v e r e d a n d c l o s e d i n t r a n s p o r t . T h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n v e h i c l e s s h o u l d b e o f t e n c l e a n e d . W h e n p a s s i n g M e i y a o g o u V i l l a g e a n d p e r m a n e n t a n d t e m p o r a r y o f f i c e a n d l i v i n g q u a r t e r s , t h e v e h i c l e s s h a l l r u n a t a s p e e d n o t m o r e t h a n 2 0 k m / h . T h e p a v e m e n t d a m a g e d b y v e h i c l e s s h o u l d b e r e p a i r e d i n t i m e , a n d t h e t e m p o r a r y c o n s t r u c t i o n r o a d s h o u l d b e p a v e d w i t h g r a v e l t o r e d u c e t h e d u s t c a u s e d b y p o o r r o a d c o n d i t i o n s . I n a d d i t i o n , t h e p a v e m e n t i n t h e a r e a d i s t r i b u t e d w i t h s e n s i t i v e a m b i e n t a i r p o i n t s s h a l l b e s p r i n k l e d 4 - 6 t i m e s d u r i n g h o t a n d d r y p e r i o d . D u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d , t h e v e h i c l e s a r e m o s t o f l a r g e - s c a l e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n d i e s e l v e h i c l e s . T h e t a i l g a s e m i s s i o n a n d p o l l u t a n t c o n t e n t o f t h e m a r e h i g h e r t h a n t h o s e o f t h e g a s o l i n e v e h i c l e s , s o t h e y s h o u l d b e i n s t a l l e d w i t h t a i l g a s p u r i f i e r t o e n s u r e t h e t a i l g a s e m i s s i o n u p t o t h e s t a n d a r d s . C o n s t r u c t o r X i n j i a n g E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n D e p a r t m e n t T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u T u r p a n C i t y E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g S t a t i o n Y a o m e i g o u R e s e r v o i r D o m e s t i c g a r b a g e 1 m o v a b l e g a r b a g e c o l l e c t o r i s a r r a n g e d i n t h e t e m p o r a r y l i v i n g q u a r t e r , f u r n i s h e d w i t h 3 g a r b a g e c a n s . T h e g a r b a g e c o l l e c t o r s t a t i o n w i l l b e s p r a y e d w i t h p e s t i c i d e t o p r e v e n t b r e e d i n g t o m o s q u i t o e s a n d f l i e s a n d r e d u c e t h e u n f a v o r a b l e i m p a c t t o t h e l i v i n g a n d s a n i t a t i o n o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l . 8 g a r b a g e c a n s w i l l b e p r o v i d e d i n t h e a r e a s w i t h q u i t e c o n c e n t r a t e d d a m c o n s t r u c t i o n a c t i v i t i e s . T h e m a n a g e m e n t a n d o f f i c e a r e a w i l l p r o d u c e l e s s g a r b a g e , a n d 2 g a r b a g e c a n s w i l l b e p r o v i d e d . 1 r e f u s e t r u c k w i l l b e f u r n i s h e d t o d e l i v e r t h e d o m e s t i c g a r b a g e t o T u r p a n C i t y C o u n t y w a s t e y a r d a n d t r e a t i t b y f i l l i n g . C o n s t r u c t o r X i n j i a n g E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n D e p a r t m e n t , T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u , T u r p a n C i t y E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u Page 288 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 2 8 7 L o c a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t S o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n S o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n S a l i e n t w o r k s a r e a a . E n g i n e e r i n g m e a s u r e s : T h e s a l i e n t s t r u c t u r e s c o n s i s t s o f t h e d a m , s p i l l w a y , d i v e r s i o n a n d f l o o d r e l e a s e t u n n e l , w a t e r s u p p l y c u l v e r t , e t c . . T h e d e s i g n o f t h e s a l i e n t w o r k s h a s c o n s i d e r e d s u c h m e a s u r e s a s s l o p e p r o t e c t i o n f o r t h e u p s t r e a m a n d d o w n s t r e a m s l o p e s o f t h e d a m , e n e r g y d i s s i p a t i o n a n d a n t i - s c o u r i n g f o r t h e s p i l l w a y a n d d i v e r s i o n a n d f l o o d r e l e a s e t u n n e l , r o c k s u r f a c e f o r t h e e x c a v a t i o n s l o p e s o n b o t h e n d s o f t h e d a m , a n d a l l s l o p e s b e i n g e x c a v a t e d a t s t a b l e s l o p e r a t i o . b . T e m p o r a r y m e a s u r e s : C o n s t r u c t i o n i n s t r o n g w i n d d a y o r r a i n i n g d a y w i l l b e m i n i m i z e d . D u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n , m a s o n r y r e t a i n i n g w a l l i s r e q u i r e d a t t h e l o w e r d a m t o e i n d a m f i l l i n g t o a v o i d t h e e a r t h a n d r o c k f r o m e n t e r i n g t h e d o w n s t r e a m r i v e r r e a c h e s a n d t h e s o i l e r o s i o n . I t ’ s f o r b i d d e n t o e x c a v a t e , p i l e m a t e r i a l s a n d h a r d e n t h e g r o u n d a t d i s c r e t i o n t o m i n i m i z e d a m a g e t o t h e o r i g i n a l g r o u n d . R e a s o n a b l e m e a s u r e s w i l l b e t a k e n t o p r o t e c t t h e s o i l a n d w a t e r r e s o u r c e s . T h e e x c a v a t e d e a r t h s h o u l d b e u t i l i z e d a s f a r a s p o s s i b l e , a n d t e m p o r a r y p r o t e c t i o n t r e a t m e n t s h o u l d b e c o n d u c t e d i n p i l i n g p r i o r t o t h e u t i l i z a t i o n . E f f e c t i v e m e a s u r e s w i l l b e t a k e n t o c o n t r o l a n d p r e v e n t l a n d s l i d e a n d o t h e r s o i l e r o s i o n d i s a s t e r s c a u s e d b y c o n s t r u c t i o n . T h e a r e a w i l l b e c l e a r e d a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n . T h e r e t a i n i n g w a l l w i l l b e o f m a s o n r y g r a v i t y w a l l a c r e s t w i d t h o f 0 . 5 m , a h e i g h t o f 1 . 0 m , a s l o p e r a t i o o f 1 : 0 . 3 , a n d a f o u n d a t i o n d e p t h o f 0 . 5 m . A c c e s s a r e a : T h e t e m p o r a r y c o n s t r u c t i o n r o a d s m a i n l y c o n s i s t o f t h e t e m p o r a r y r o a d s b e t w e e n t h e d a m s i t e a n d t h e q u a r r i e s a n d t h o s e b e t w e e n t h e r e s e r v o i r s t r u c t u r e s . T h e m e a s u r e s f o r s o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n a r e : t o m a k e w a t e r i n g a n d d u s t p r e v e n t i o n t r e a t m e n t i n c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d t o r e d u c e l o s s o f s o i l a n d w a t e r i n o p e r a t i o n . T h e a r e a o c c u p i e d s h o u l d b e l e v e l e d a f t e r t h e c o m p l e t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n . Q u a r r y a r e a : E x c a v a t e t h e q u a r r i e s i n n o n - f l o o d s e a s o n . T h e e x c a v a t e d m a t e r i a l s c a n b e d i r e c t l y p i l e d o n t h e s i d e f o r f l o o d p a s s i n g t o p l a y a r o l e o f f l o o d p r e v e n t i o n a n d r e l e a s e . T h e q u a r r i e s s h o u l d b e e x c a v a t e d b y z o n e . W h e n t h e u p p e r q u a r r y i s e x c a v a t e d , t h e e x c a v a t i o n s l a s h s h o u l d b e l e v e l e d . A l t h o u g h i t w i l l b e i n u n d a t e d a t r e s e r v o i r i m p o u n d m e n t , i t s h o u l d b e e x c a v a t e d a t a s t a b l e s l o p e . A s a c k e d e a r t h r e s i d u e r e t a i n i n g r i d g e w i l l b e b u i l t b e l o w t h e e x c a v a t i o n s u r f a c e p r i o r t o t h e e x c a v a t i o n o f t h e l e f t - b a n k q u a r r y , w h i c h w i l l b e t r e a t e d a f t e r t h e e x c a v a t e d a n d b e c o v e r e d w i t h c o b b l e a n d g r a v e l . T h e q u a r r y f o r c o n c r e t e a g g r e g a t e i s i n t h e s h o a l o f t h e u p p e r r i v e r c o u r s e . A r e s i d u e r e t a i n i n g r i d g e w i l l b e b u i l t b e l o w t h e e x c a v a t i o n s u r f a c e p r i o r t o e x c a v a t i o n , a n d t h e r o c k m a t e r i a l s w i l l b e c o n c e n t r a t e d l y p i l e d w i t h i n t h e r i d g e . T h e e x c a v a t i o n s l a s h w i l l b e l e v e l e d a f t e r t h e e x c a v a t i o n , a n d i t w i l l b e i n u n d a t e d a t r e s e r v o i r i m p o u n d m e n t . T h e r i d g e w i l l h a v e a c r e s t w i d t h o f 0 . 7 5 m , a h e i g h t o f 0 . 7 5 m , a n d a s l o p e r a t i o o f 1 : 0 . 5 . T r a n s m i s s i o n l i n e a r e a : D u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f p e r m a n e n t t r a n s m i s s i o n l i n e a r e a , e x p o s i n g o f t h e e x c a v a t e d m a t e r i a l s s h o u l d b e m i n i m i z e d , a n d t h e m a t e r i a l s c a n b e c o v e r e d w i t h c o l o r s t r i p e d f a b r i c . T h e l a n d o c c u p i e d w i l l b e t r e a t e d a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n . P r o d u c t i o n a n d l i v i n g q u a r t e r i n c o n s t r u c t i o n : I t i n c l u d e s t h e l a n d t e m p o r a r i l y o c c u p i e d f o r p r o d u c t i o n a n d l i v i n g . T h e t e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a r e a s c o v e r t h e a r e a s f o r c o n c r e t e b a t c h i n g , r e b a r p r o c e s s i n g a n d t i m b e r p r o c e s s i n g . T h e t e m p o r a r y l i v i n g q u a r t e r s c o v e r d o r m i t o r y a n d w o r k s h e d . T e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a n d l i v i n g q u a r t e r w i l l b e w a t e r e d f o r m o i s t u r e p r o o f i n c o n s t r u c t i o n s o a s t o r e d u c e t h e d u s t . T h e l a n d t e m p o r a r i l y o c c u p i e d w i l l b e l e v e l e d a n d c o v e r e d w i t h c o b b l e a n d g r a v e l a f t e r c o n s t r u c t i o n . D u m p i n g a r e a p r e v e n t i v e a r e a : S a c k e d e a r t h w i l l b e p i l e d t o r e t a i n r e s i d u e a r o u n d t h e d u m p i n g a r e a , a n d i t w i l l b e c o v e r e d w i t h c o l o r s t r i p e d f a b r i c i n c a s e o f s t r o n g w i n d o r r a i n d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d . L a n d l e v e l i n g , c o v e r i n g w i t h o r i g i n a l t o p s o i l a n d o t h e r C o n s t r u c t o r W a t e r r e s o u r c e s b u r e a u s o f T u r p a n C i t y a n d T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e , X i n j i a n g W a t e r R e s o u r c e s D e p a r t m e n t U n i t q u a l i f i e d f o r s o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n m o n i t o r i n g Page 289 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 2 8 8 L o c a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t P r o d u c t i o n w a s t e w a t e r W a s t e w a t e r f r o m a g g r e g a t e p r o c e s s i n g s y s t e m w i l l b e t r e a t e d b y f l o c c u l a t i n g s e d i m e n t a t i o n m e t h o d . T h e m a i n s t r u c t u r e s a r e g r i t t a n k , s l u d g e d r y i n g b e d , a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n w a t e r t a n k . T w o s i m p l e 1 2 m × 1 0 m × 3 m ( L × W × H ) s e d i m e n t a t i o n t a n k s w i l l b e e x c a v a t e d b e t w e e n t h e a g g r e g a t e p r o c e s s i n g z o n e a n d t h e c o n c r e t e b a t c h i n g z o n e . A f t e r s e d i m e n t a t i o n i n t h e t a n k s f o r 1 . 5 h o u r s , t h e w a s t e w a t e r w i t h s a n d c a n m e e t t h e d i s c h a r g e r e q u i r e m e n t s . S l u d g e w i l l b e t r a n s f o r m e d a w a y i n t i m e a c c o r d i n g t o i t s a m o u n t b y 5 - 1 0 t t r u c k . A r e c t a n g u l a r s e d i m e n t a t i o n t a n k a n d w a t e r s t o r a g e t a n k w i l l b e b u i l t a t t h e c o n f l u e n c e o f o i l y w a s t e w a t e r f o r m a c h i n e r y w a s h i n g , a n d a t t h e i n l e t o f t h e s e d i m e n t a t i o n t a n k o i l - s e p a r a t i n g m a t e r i a l s w i l l b e f u r n i s h e d . T h e o i l y w a s t e w a t e r w i l l f l o w t h r o u g h t h e m a t e r i a l s t o t h e t a n k b y g r a v i t y , a n d t h e f l o a t i n g o i l w i l l b e r e c o v e r e d w h e n t h e t a n k i s f u l l . T h e w a t e r t r e a t e d w i l l b e u s e d f o r w a t e r s p r a y i n g t o r e d u c e d u s t . A f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n , t h e b o t t o m o f t h e t r e a t m e n t t a n k s w i l l b e c l e a r e d w i t h t h e w a s t e r e s i d u e b e i n g t r a n s f o r m e d t o s o l i d w a s t e l a n d f i l l . T h e t r e a t m e n t t a n k s w i l l b e f i l l e d w i t h e a r t h a f t e r c l e a r a n c e . T h e s i z e o f t h e s e d i m e n t a t i o n t a n k : L × W × D = 4 . 0 m × 2 m × 2 . 3 m ( f r e e b o a r d 0 . 3 m ) , a n d t h a t o f t h e w a t e r s t o r a g e t a n k i s : L × W × H = 2 . 5 m × 2 m × 2 m . W a s t e w a t e r f r o m c o n c r e t e b a t c h i n g s y s t e m w i l l b e m a i n l y s p r e a d o n t h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e i n f l a k e , a n d t h e c e m e n t s l u r r y w i l l b e c o n d e n s e d a f t e r w a t e r e v a p o r a t i o n a n d s e e p a g e a n d h a r d e n t h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e . I t n e e d s t o b e m o v e d a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n . T u o k e x u n C o u n t y A l a g o u R e s e r v o i r D o m e s t i c s e w a g e T h e d o m e s t i c s e w a g e t r e a t m e n t e q u i p m e n t i s a r r a n g e d c l o s e t o t h e t e m p o r a r y l i v i n g q u a r t e r . I t ’ s s u g g e s t e d t o t r e a t t h e d o m e s t i c s e w a g e b y 1 0 - 4 0 B 1 0 s e p t i c t a n k ( v e h i c l e s c a n n o t p a s s o v e r i t ) . T h e t r e a t e d s e w a g e f r o m t h e s e p t i c t a n k w i l l b e c o l l e c t e d b y a s e p a r a t e i m p e r v i o u s t a n k w i t h a c a p a c i t y o f a b o u t 6 0 0 m 3 . T h e t r e a t e d w a t e r w i l l d i s a p p e a r t h r o u g h e v a p o r a t i o n o r b e u s e d f o r t h e g r e e n i n g a r o u n d . C o n s t r u c t o r X i n j i a n g E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n D e p a r t m e n t ; T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u ; T u o k e x u n C o u n t y E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g S t a t i o n Page 290 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 2 8 9 L o c a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t R o t o f p l a n t s i n r e s e r v o i r a r e a a n d o t h e r s C l e a r i n g f o r s a n i t a t i o n a n d e p i d e m i c p r e v e n t i o n : D o m e s t i c g a r b a g e , d e j e c t a i n l i v e s t o c k b a r n s a n d t o i l e t s a n d o t h e r f e c u l e n c e s h o u l d b e t h o r o u g h l y c l e a r e d o u t s i d e t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a , a n d t h e l e f t o v e r t h a t c a n n o t b e c l e a r e d s h o u l d b e d i s i n f e c t e d t h r o u g h m i x i n g e v e n l y w i t h b l e a c h i n g p o w d e r a t a r a t i o o f l k g / m 2 a n d t h e n b e c l e a r e d . T h e i r p i t s a n d c e s s p i t s s h o u l d b e s p r a y e d w i t h c a l c e s a t a r a t i o o f l k g / m 2 , w e t t e d , a n d t a m p e d w i t h e a r t h o r c o n s t r u c t i o n r e s i d u e . T h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e a n d w a l l s 2 m a b o v e i t o f h o u s e s , l i v e s t o c k b a r n s a n d t o i l e t s w i l l b e s p r a y e d w i t h t o p c l e a n w a t e r o f 4 % b l e a c h i n g p o w d e r a t a r a t i o o f 0 . 3 k g / m 2 w i t h d i s i n f e c t i o n d u r a t i o n n o t l e s s t h a n h a l f a n h o u r . T h e b r a n c h e s l e f t o v e r f r o m t h e c u t , w i t h e r e d t r e e s , b u s h e s , s t r a w s o f c r o p s , w a s t e s f r o m r e m o v a l o f s t r u c t u r e s a n d b u i l d i n g s , a n d o t h e r m a t t e r s e a s y t o f l o a t s h o u l d b e c o l l e c t e d t o g e t h e r m a n u a l l y a n d b u r n t o n t h e s p o t . R e m o v a l a n d c l e a r a n c e o f s t r u c t u r e s a n d b u i l d i n g s : A l l t h e b u i l d i n g s a n d t h e i r a u x i l i a r y s t r u c t u r e s w i t h i n t h e s c o p e o f c l e a r a n c e s h o u l d b e r e m o v e d , a n d t h e i r w a l l s b e p u s h e d o v e r a n d l e v e l e d . T h e r e m o v a l a n d c l e a r a n c e o f t h e b u i l d i n g s a n d a u x i l i a r y s t r u c t u r e s s h o u l d f o l l o w t h e p r i n c i p l e o f c o n d u c t d i s i n f e c t i o n b e f o r e r e m o v a l . T h e r o o f s o f t h e b u i l d i n g s ( b a r n s ) s h o u l d b e r e m o v e d m a n u a l l y . T h e u s e d m a t e r i a l s t h a t c a n b e r e u s e d s h o u l d b e r e c o v e r e d a n d u s e d b y p r o p e r t y o w n e r , a n d t h e m a t e r i a l s t h a t a r e e a s y t o f l o a t a n d c a n n o t b e r e u s e d s h o u l d b e c o l l e c t e d t o g e t h e r a n d b u r n t o n t h e s p o t . T h e w a l l s w i l l b e p u s h e d o v e r a n d l e v e l e d w i t h b u l l d o z e r . W e l l s ( p i t s ) , c e l l a r s , l a n e w a y s a n d o t h e r u n d e r g r o u n d w o r k s w i t h i n t h e r e s e r v o i r d r a w d o w n a r e a w i l l b e t r e a t e d b y f i l l i n g , p l u g g i n g , c o v e r i n g o r o t h e r m e a s u r e s i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e g e o l o g i c a l c o n d i t i o n s o f t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a a n d t h e u t i l i z a t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e w a t e r a r e a . C l e a r a n c e o f w o o d l a n d : T h e f o r e s t t r e e s a n d s p o r a d i c f r u i t t r e e s s h o u l d b e c u t f l u s h w i t h t h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e a s f a r a s p o s s i b l e w i t h t h e s t u d s l e f t o v e r n o t m o r e t h a n 0 . 3 m o v e r t h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e . W o o d l a n d w i l l b e c l e a r e d t h r o u g h m a n u a l l y c u t t i n g . C o n s t r u c t o r C o n s t r u c t i o n S u p e r v i s o r T u o k e x u n C o u n t y A l a g o u R e s e r v o i r D o m e s t i c g a r b a g e I n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n l a y o u t , 1 t e m p o r a r y c o l l e c t i v e l i v i n g q u a r t e r i s a r r a n g e d f o r t h e p r o j e c t , i n w h i c h 2 m o v a b l e g a r b a g e c o l l e c t o r s a r e p r o v i d e d . T h e m a n a g e m e n t a n d o f f i c e a r e a w i l l p r o d u c e l e s s g a r b a g e , s o i t ’ s s u g g e s t e d t o a r r a n g e 1 0 g a r b a g e c a n s t o c o l l e c t g a r b a g e . 1 r e f u s e t r u c k w i l l b e f u r n i s h e d t o d e l i v e r t h e d o m e s t i c g a r b a g e t o T u o k e x u n C o u n t y w a s t e y a r d a n d t r e a t i t b y f i l l i n g . C o n s t r u c t o r X i n j i a n g E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n D e p a r t m e n t , T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u , T u o k e x u n C o u n t y E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u Page 291 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 2 9 0 L o c a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t S o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n S o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n S a l i e n t w o r k s a r e a A . S a l i e n t s t r u c t u r e : D u r i n g t h e p r o c e s s o f d a m f i l l i n g , t h e r e w i l l b e a c o f f e r d a m o n t h e u p p e r s i d e b u t n o r e t a i n i n g s t r u c t u r e o n t h e l o w e r s i d e , s o a r e t a i n i n g w a l l n e e d s t o b e b u i l t a t t h e d a m t o e o n t h e d o w n s t r e a m s i d e t o p r e v e n t m u d a n d s t o n e f r o m e n t e r i n g t o t h e l o w e r r i v e r c h a n n e l i n c o n s t r u c t i o n . T h e r e t a i n i n g w a l l w i l l b e o f m a s o n r y g r a v i t y w a l l w i t h a l e n g t h o f 4 5 0 m , a c r e s t w i d t h o f 0 . 5 m , a h e i g h t o f 1 . 0 m , a s l o p e r a t i o o f 1 : 0 . 3 , a n d a f o u n d a t i o n d e p t h o f 0 . 5 m , a n d i t r e q u i r e s 1 4 6 m 3 o f e a r t h c u t a n d 5 1 7 m 3 o f g r o u t e d r u b b l e . B . R e s e r v o i r m a n a g e m e n t s t a t i o n : P r i o r t o t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n t h e m a n a g e m e n t s t a t i o n , t h e t o p s o i l i n t h i s a r e a w i l l b e s t r i p p e d a n d p l a c e d a t a c o r n e r i n a c o n c e n t r a t e d w a y . I t w i l l b e r e t a i n e d b y s a c k e d e a r t h a n d c o v e r e d w i t h c o l o r s t r i p e d f a b r i c i n c a s e o f s t r o n g w i n d o r r a i n s t o r m . W h e n t h e s t a t i o n i s b u i l t , m a k e g r e e n t h e o p e n s p a c e s , b a c k f i l l t h e l a n d w i t h t o p s o i l a n d l e v e l i t , p l a n t b u s h e s s a c s a o u l , C a l l i g o n u m a n d s e e d s o f A s t r a g a l u s A d s u r g e n s P a l l , a n d f u r n i s h a c o m p l e t e s e t o f i r r i g a t i o n s y s t e m . T o p s o i l s t r i p p i n g a n d b a c k f i l l a m o u n t s t o 1 5 0 m m 3 , a n d t h e a r e a t o b e r e t a i n e d w i t h s a c k e d e a r t h i s 5 0 m l o n g . T h e s a c k e d e a r t h r e t a i n i n g r i d g e w i l l b e 0 . 7 5 m w i d e o n t h e t o p , 0 . 7 5 m h i g h , a n d 1 : 0 . 5 i n s l o p e r a t i o a n d r e q u i r e 4 3 m 3 o f s a c k e d e a r t h . C . A c c e s s t o r e s e r v o i r : T h e a c c e s s e s f r o m t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a t o o u t s i d e i n c l u d e a 2 k m - l o n g r o a d f r o m t h e r e s e r v o i r t o t h e r e s e r v o i r m a n a g e m e n t a r e a a n d a 4 k m - l o n g r o a d f r o m t h e r e s e r v o i r m a n a g e m e n t a r e a t o N a n s h a n m i n i n g a r e a . B o t h a r e o f G r a d e 3 . T h e r o a d b e d w i l l b e p r e p a r e d t h r o u g h e x c a v a t i o n a n d f i l l i n g , a n d t h e l a t t e r w i l l b e t h e m a j o r p a r t . T o p r e v e n t l o s s o f s o i l a n d w a t e r d u r i n g t h e r o a d b e d c o n s t r u c t i o n , i t ’ s p l a n n e d t o u s e s a c k e d e a r t h f o r r e t a i n i n g o n b o t h s i d e s o f t h e f i l l e d r o a d b e d w i t h a r e t a i n i n g l e n g t h o f 7 2 0 0 m . T h e s a c k e d e a r t h r e t a i n i n g r i d g e w i l l b e 0 . 7 5 m w i d e o n t h e t o p , 0 . 7 5 m h i g h , a n d 1 : 0 . 5 i n s l o p e r a t i o a n d r e q u i r e 5 4 0 0 m 3 o f s a c k e d e a r t h . Q u a r r y a r e a : A l t h o u g h t h e q u a r r y u p s t r e a m o f t h e d a m f o r d a m f i l l m a t e r i a l s w i l l b e i n u n d a t e d a t r e s e r v o i r i m p o u n d m e n t , i t s h o u l d b e e x c a v a t e d a t a s t a b l e s l o p e t o a v o i d l a n d s l i d e c a u s e d b y w a t e r i n g . T h e p r o j e c t s p o i l w i l l b e t r e a t e d c o m b i n e d w i t h t h e u s e o f t h e q u a r r y u p s t r e a m o f t h e d a m . S i n c e t h e a m o u n t o f t h e e x c a v a t e d m a t e r i a l s i s f a r m o r e t h a n t h a t o f t h e s p o i l , t h e e x c a v a t e d p i t w i l l b e b i g e n o u g h t o a c c o m m o d a t e t h e s p o i l . T h e q u a r r y w i l l b e e x c a v a t e d b y z o n e . A f t e r o n e z o n e i s e x p l o i t e d , i t w i l l b e b a c k f i l l e d w i t h s p o i l i n t i m e , a n d t h e n t h e s p o i l w i l l b e s p r e a d a n d l e v e l e d . T h e s u r f a c e o f t h e f i l l e d s p o i l w i l l b e c o v e r e d w i t h d e r r i c k s t o n e c o l l e c t e d f r o m t h e s h o a l i n t w o l a y e r s , t h e l o w e r o n e w i t h s t o n e o f a b o u t 1 0 0 m m i n d i a m e t e r a n d t h e u p p e r o n e w i t h s t o n e o f a b o u t 2 0 0 m m i n d i a m e t e r . T h e s p o i l s u r f a c e t o b e t r e a t e d t o t a l s 5 . 5 h m 2 . A s f o r t h e q u a r r y d o w n s t r e a m o f t h e d a m , t o p r e v e n t w a t e r f l o w f r o m s c o u r i n g t h e e x c a v a t e d s l o p e s a n d t h e c o n s e q u e n t l a n d s l i d e a n d c o l l a p s e o f t h e b a n k s , m a s o n r y s l o p e p r o t e c t i o n i s p r o p o s e d f o r t h e e x c a v a t i o n s l o p e s o f t h e s e c t i o n t h a t m a y s u f f e r s c o u r i n g . M e a n w h i l e , r i v e r d r e d g i n g s h o u l d b e c o n d u c t e d t o s m o o t h t h e w a t e r f l o w . T h e s e c t i o n t o b e p r o t e c t e d i s 1 5 0 0 m l o n g w i t h a s l o p e r a t i o o f 1 : 3 a n d a p r o t e c t i o n t h i c k n e s s o f 0 . 3 m a n d r e q u i r e s 5 9 8 5 m 3 o f g r o u t e d r u b b l e . T h e q u a r r y f o r a g g r e g a t e i s a t Y u ’ e r g o u G o b i . T o p r e v e n t l o s s o f s o i l a n d w a t e r o n t h e m i n i n g s u r f a c e , u n d e r w h i c h a r e t a i n i n g r i d g e w i l l b e b u i l d b e f o r e e x p l o i t a t i o n , a n d t h e r o c k w i l l b e p i l e d w i t h i n t h e r i d g e . T h e r i d g e w i l l b e b u i l t w i t h s a c k e d e a r t h , 3 0 0 m l o n g , 0 . 7 5 m w i d e o n t h e t o p , 0 . 7 5 m h i g h a n d 1 : 0 . 5 i n s l o p e r a t i o , a n d r e q u i r e 2 5 5 m 3 o f s a c k e d e a r t h . A f t e r t h e e x p l o i t a t i o n , t h e e x c a v a t i o n s l a s h w i l l b e t r e a t e d . T h e l a n d w i l l b e l e v e l e d f i r s t , a n d t h e n b e c o v e r e d w i t h d e r r i c k s t o n e c o l l e c t e d n e a r b y i n t w o l a y e r s , t h e l o w e r o n e w i t h s t o n e o f a b o u t 1 0 0 m m i n d i a m e t e r a n d t h e u p p e r o n e w i t h s t o n e o f a b o u t 2 0 0 m m i n d i a m e t e r . T h e s l a s h t o b e t r e a t e d t o t a l s 2 . 8 5 h m 2 . Page 292 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 2 9 1 L o c a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t P r o d u c t i o n w a s t e w a t e r W a s t e w a t e r f r o m a g g r e g a t e p r o c e s s i n g s y s t e m w i l l b e t r e a t e d b y c o a g u l a t i o n a n d s e d i m e n t a t i o n m e t h o d . T h e g r i t t a n k a n d s e d i m e n t a t i o n t a n k a r e a r r a n g e d i n t h e a g g r e g a t e s c r e e n i n g y a r d w i t h a d e s i g n c a p a c i t y o f o n e - d a y p r o d u c t i o n w a s t e w a t e r d i s c h a r g e . T h e s i z e o f t h e t w o t a n k s i s d e s i g n e d a s L × W × D = 2 0 m × 1 5 m × 2 . 2 m . T h e t a n k s w i l l b e e x c a v a t e d d i r e c t l y a n d d o n o t n e e d l i n i n g f o r s e e p a g e c o n t r o l . T h e t r e a t e d w a t e r w i l l b e u s e d f o r w a t e r i n g o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e f o r d u s t r e d u c t i o n , v e g e t a t i o n i r r i g a t i o n , a n d s o o n . A r e c t a n g u l a r s e d i m e n t a t i o n t a n k a n d w a t e r s t o r a g e t a n k w i l l b e b u i l t a t t h e c o n f l u e n c e o f o i l y w a s t e w a t e r f o r m a c h i n e r y w a s h i n g , a n d a t t h e i n l e t o f t h e s e d i m e n t a t i o n t a n k o i l - s e p a r a t i n g m a t e r i a l s w i l l b e f u r n i s h e d . T h e o i l y w a s t e w a t e r w i l l f l o w t h r o u g h t h e m a t e r i a l s t o t h e t a n k b y g r a v i t y , a n d t h e f l o a t i n g o i l w i l l b e r e c o v e r e d w h e n t h e t a n k i s f u l l . T h e t r e a t e d w a t e r w i l l b e u s e d f o r w a t e r s p r a y i n g t o r e d u c e d u s t . A f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n , t h e b o t t o m o f t h e t r e a t m e n t t a n k s w i l l b e c l e a r e d w i t h t h e w a s t e r e s i d u e b e i n g t r a n s f o r m e d t o s o l i d w a s t e l a n d f i l l . T h e t r e a t m e n t t a n k s w i l l b e f i l l e d w i t h e a r t h a f t e r c l e a r a n c e . T h e s i z e o f t h e r e c t a n g u l a r s e d i m e n t a t i o n t a n k i s : L × W × D = 2 . 5 m × 2 m × 2 . 3 m ( f r e e b o a r d 0 . 3 m ) , a n d t h e s i z e o f t h e w a t e r s t o r a g e t a n k i s : L × W × H = 2 . 5 m × 2 m × 2 m . W a s t e w a t e r f r o m c o n c r e t e b a t c h i n g s y s t e m w i l l b e m a i n l y s p r e a d o n t h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e i n f l a k e , a n d t h e c e m e n t s l u r r y w i l l b e c o n d e n s e d a f t e r w a t e r e v a p o r a t i o n a n d s e e p a g e a n d h a r d e n t h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e . I t n e e d s t o b e m o v e d a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n . S h a n s h a n C o u n t y E r t a n g g o u R e s e r v o i r D o m e s t i c s e w a g e E r t a n g g o u R e s e r v o i r w o r k s c o n s t r u c t i o n m a n a g e m e n t c e n t e r w i l l b e u s e d a s t h e p e r m a n e n t m a n a g e m e n t a r e a , s o i t ’ s c o n s i d e r e d t o t r e a t i t s d o m e s t i c s e w a g e w i t h W S Z u n d e r g r o u n d c o m p l e t e s e w a g e t r e a t m e n t e q u i p m e n t a s a c o m b i n a t i o n o f p e r m a n e n t a n d t e m p o r a r y m e a s u r e s . A s e w a g e r e c e i v i n g t a n k w i l l b e b u i l t i n t h e t e m p o r a r y l i v i n g q u a r t e r t o t r e a t i t s d o m e s t i c s e w a g e , a n d t h e d o m e s t i c s e w a g e d i s c h a r g e d i n a c o n c e n t r a t e d w a y w i l l b e d r a i n e d t o t h e s e p t i c t a n k v i a p i p e s a n d t h e n b e s u b j e c t t o r e g u l a r s t e r i l i z a t i o n a n d d i s i n f e c t i o n . T h e d o m e s t i c s e w a g e s t e r i l i z e d c a n b e u s e d f o r g r e e n i n g a n d i r r i g a t i o n i n s u m m e r , a n d i t w i l l n o t i m p a c t t h e w a t e r b o d y q u a l i t y d u e t o e v a p o r a t i o n a n d o t h e r c o n s u m p t i o n s . T h e r e w i l l b a s i c a l l y n o s e w a g e d i s c h a r g e d o u t i n w i n t e r b e c a u s e t h e p r o j e c t i s s u s p e n d e d . 3 e n v i r o n m e n t a l f r i e n d l y l a v a t o r i e s w i l l b e b u i l t i n t h e t e m p o r a r y l i v i n g q u a r t e r , a n d 2 i n t h e u n f i x e d r e s i d e n t a r e a b a s e d o n t h e n u m b e r o f p e o p l e a n d t h e i n h a b i t a t i o n d e n s i t y , e a c h w i t h a f l o o r a r e a o f 1 0 m 2 . I n a d d i t i o n , 3 l a v a t o r i e s w i l l b e f u r n i s h e d a t t h e d a m , d i v e r s i o n t u n n e l , i r r i g a t i o n r e l e a s e t u n n e l a n d o t h e r c o n c e n t r a t e d c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a s c l o s e t o t h e r i v e r , e a c h w i t h a f l o o r a r e a o f 1 0 m 2 . C o n s t r u c t o r X i n j i a n g E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n D e p a r t m e n t ; T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u ; S h a n s h a n C o u n t y E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g S t a t i o n Page 293 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 2 9 2 L o c a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t R o t o f p l a n t s i n r e s e r v o i r a r e a a n d o t h e r s C l e a r i n g f o r s a n i t a t i o n a n d e p i d e m i c p r e v e n t i o n M a n u r e p i t s : T h e i n u n d a t i o n o f t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a i n v o l v e s 1 6 m a n u r e p i t s . T h e i r f e c u l e n c e w i l l b e t r a n s p o r t e d o u t s i d e t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a , a n d t h e i r p i t s w i l l b e d i s i n f e c t e d w i t h c a l c e s a t a r a t i o o f l k g / m 2 a n d t h e n b e f i l l e d w i t h e a r t h a n d c o m p a c t e d . L i v e s t o c k b a r n s : 3 2 4 0 . 8 m 2 o f l i v e s t o c k b a r n s i s i n v o l v e d t h r o u g h o u t t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a , a n d t h e w a y o f t h e i r c l e a r a n c e i s s a m e a s t h a t f o r m a n u r e p i t s . T o m b s : 9 9 t o m b s i n t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a w i l l b e i n u n d a t e d ( i n c l u d i n g 2 0 a n c i e n t t o m b s ) . T h e t o m b s b u r i e d n o t m o r e t h a n 1 5 y e a r s w i l l b e r e l o c a t e d a n d b u r i e d a g a i n , a n d t h o s e b u r i e d o v e r 1 5 y e a r s w i l l b e t r e a t e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e l o c a l c u s t o m s . T h e c e m e t e r i e s w i l l b e d i s i n f e c t e d w i t h b l e a c h i n g p o w d e r ( 1 k g f o r e a c h t o m b ) , a n d t h e t o m b s w i l l b e t a m p e d w i t h e a r t h . C l e a r a n c e o f t r e e s . T h e i n u n d a t i o n o f t h e r e s e r v o i r i n v o l v e s 2 1 . 3 7 m u o f g a r d e n p l o t s , 1 6 7 . 8 6 m u o f v a r i o u s t y p e s o f w o o d l a n d s . T h e c l e a r a n c e w i l l c o v e r 1 8 9 . 2 3 m u o f l a n d a n d s p o r a d i c t r e e s . B e f o r e t h e r e s e r v o i r i m p o u n d m e n t , a l l t h e s u r f a c e p l a n t s i n g a r d e n p l o t s a n d v a r i o u s k i n d s o f t r e e s m u s t b e c u t d o w n a n d t r a n s p o r t e d o u t s i d e t h e r e s e r v o i r o r t r a n s p l a n t e d o u t s i d e t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a . T h e t r e e s s h o u l d b e c u t f l u s h w i t h t h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e a s f a r a s p o s s i b l e w i t h t h e s t u d s l e f t o v e r n o t m o r e t h a n 0 . 3 m o v e r t h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e . T h e b r a n c h e s l e f t o v e r f r o m t h e c u t , w i t h e r e d t r e e s , b u s h e s , a n d o t h e r m a t t e r s e a s y t o f l o a t s h o u l d b e t r a n s p o r t e d o u t s i d e t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a , o r b e b u r n t o n t h e s p o t o r t r e a t e d w i t h a n t i - f l o a t i n g m e a s u r e s p r i o r t o t h e r e s e r v o i r i m p o u n d m e n t . C l e a r a n c e o f b u i l d i n g s : 2 9 6 0 . 0 7 m 2 o f v a r i o u s t y p e s o f b u i l d i n g s i n t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a n e e d s t o b e c l e a r e d . T h e b u i l d i n g s w i l l b e r e m o v e d a n d c l e a r e d b y s t r u c t u r e . T h o s e t h a t c a n b e u t i l i z e d w i l l b e f u l l y u t i l i z e d , a n d t h o s e t h a t c a n n o t b e u t i l i z e d w i l l b e r e m o v e d m a n u a l l y a n d l e v e l e d w i t h b u l l d o z e r . T h e r e m a i n i n g h e i g h t s h o u l d n o t e x c e e d 0 . 5 m o v e r t h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e . T h e w a s t e s e a s y t o f l o a t w i l l b e t r e a t e d a s p e r t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s s t i p u l a t e d i n t h e r e g u l a t i o n s o f s a n i t a t i o n a n d e p i d e m i c p r e v e n t i o n . A u x i l i a r y s t r u c t u r e s i n c l u d i n g f e n c e , t h r e s h i n g g r o u n d , c e l l a r , m a n u r e p i t , l i v e s t o c k b a r n , w a t e r t a n k , c o o k i n g r a n g e a n d p a n c a k e p i t w i l l b e r e m o v e d t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e b u i l d i n g s . T h e f e n c e s a n d a u x i l i a r y h o u s e s w i l l b e p u s h e d a n d l e v e l e d m a n u a l l y , a n d t h e p a n c a k e p i t s a n d c e l l a r s w i l l b e t r e a t e d w i t h p l u g g i n g , f i l l i n g , c o v e r i n g a n d o t h e r m e a s u r e s . C l e a r a n c e o f s p e c i a l f a c i l i t i e s : T h e m a i n s p e c i a l f a c i l i t y i n t h e i n u n d a t e d a r e a i s m a i n l y a h y d r o m e t r i c s t a t i o n . I t w i l l b e t r e a t e d p r i o r t o t h e r e s e r v o i r i m p o u n d m e n t w i t h t h e w a s t e s b e i n g t r a n s p o r t e d o u t s i d e t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a . C o n s t r u c t o r C o n s t r u c t i o n S u p e r v i s o r S h a n s h a n C o u n t y S h a n s h a n C o u n t y E r t a n g g o u R e s e r v o i r E r t a n g g o u R e s e r v o i r D o m e s t i c g a r b a g e I n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n l a y o u t , 1 t e m p o r a r y c o l l e c t i v e l i v i n g q u a r t e r i s a r r a n g e d f o r t h e p r o j e c t , i n w h i c h 2 m o v a b l e g a r b a g e c o l l e c t o r s a r e p r o v i d e d . T h e m a n a g e m e n t a n d o f f i c e a r e a w i l l p r o d u c e l e s s g a r b a g e , s o i t ’ s s u g g e s t e d t o a r r a n g e 1 0 g a r b a g e c a n s t o c o l l e c t g a r b a g e . 1 r e f u s e t r u c k w i l l b e f u r n i s h e d t o d e l i v e r t h e d o m e s t i c g a r b a g e t o S h a n s h a n C o u n t y w a s t e y a r d a n d t r e a t i t b y f i l l i n g . C o n s t r u c t o r X i n j i a n g E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n D e p a r t m e n t , T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u , S h a n s h a n C o u n t y E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u Page 294 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 2 9 3 L o c a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t S o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n S o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n S a l i e n t w o r k s a r e a A . S a l i e n t w o r k s c o n t r o l a r e a a . T h e s a l i e n t s t r u c t u r e s c o n s i s t s o f t h e d a m , s p i l l w a y , s a n d f l u s h i n g t u n n e l , r e l e a s e t u n n e l , e t c . . T h e d e s i g n o f t h e s a l i e n t w o r k s h a s c o n s i d e r e d s u c h m e a s u r e s a s s l o p e p r o t e c t i o n f o r t h e u p s t r e a m a n d d o w n s t r e a m s l o p e s o f t h e d a m , e n e r g y d i s s i p a t i o n a n d a n t i - s c o u r i n g f o r t h e s p i l l w a y a n d d i v e r s i o n a n d s a n d f l u s h i n g t u n n e l , r o c k s u r f a c e f o r t h e e x c a v a t i o n s l o p e s o n b o t h e n d s o f t h e d a m , a n d a l l s l o p e s b e i n g e x c a v a t e d a t s t a b l e s l o p e r a t i o . T h e r e f o r e , t h e r e w i l l b e a l m o s t n o s o i l a n d w a t e r e r o s i o n a f t e r t h e c o m p l e t i o n o f t h e p r o j e c t . D u r i n g t h e p r o c e s s o f d a m f i l l i n g , t h e r e w i l l b e a c o f f e r d a m o n t h e u p p e r s i d e b u t n o r e t a i n i n g s t r u c t u r e o n t h e l o w e r s i d e , s o a r e t a i n i n g w a l l n e e d s t o b e b u i l t a t t h e d a m t o e o n t h e d o w n s t r e a m s i d e t o p r e v e n t m u d a n d s t o n e f r o m e n t e r i n g t o t h e l o w e r r i v e r c h a n n e l i n c o n s t r u c t i o n . T y p i c a l d e s i g n o f e n g i n e e r i n g m e a s u r e : T h e r e t a i n i n g w a l l w i l l b e o f m a s o n r y g r a v i t y w a l l w i t h a l e n g t h o f 4 5 0 m , a c r e s t w i d t h o f 0 . 5 m , a h e i g h t o f 1 . 0 m , a s l o p e r a t i o o f 1 : 0 . 3 , a n d a f o u n d a t i o n d e p t h o f 0 . 5 m , a n d i t r e q u i r e s 3 6 1 . 7 m 3 o f e a r t h c u t , 1 2 3 . 8 m 3 o f s a n d a n d g r a v e l f i l l a n d 4 7 2 . 5 m 3 o f g r o u t e d r u b b l e . b . R e s e r v o i r m a n a g e m e n t s t a t i o n : E n g i n e e r i n g m e a s u r e s : P r i o r t o t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n t h e m a n a g e m e n t s t a t i o n , t h e t o p s o i l i n t h i s a r e a w i l l b e s t r i p p e d a n d p l a c e d a t a c o r n e r i n a c o n c e n t r a t e d w a y . I t w i l l b e r e t a i n e d b y s a c k e d e a r t h a n d c o v e r e d w i t h c o l o r s t r i p e d f a b r i c i n c a s e o f s t r o n g w i n d o r r a i n s t o r m . T o p s o i l s t r i p p i n g a n d b a c k f i l l a m o u n t s t o 1 5 0 m m 3 , a n d t h e a r e a t o b e r e t a i n e d w i t h s a c k e d e a r t h i s 5 0 m l o n g . T h e s a c k e d e a r t h r e t a i n i n g r i d g e w i l l b e 0 . 7 5 m w i d e o n t h e t o p , 0 . 7 5 m h i g h , a n d 1 : 0 . 5 i n s l o p e r a t i o a n d r e q u i r e 4 3 m 3 o f s a c k e d e a r t h . V e g e t a t i o n m e a s u r e s : W h e n t h e s t a t i o n i s b u i l t , m a k e g r e e n t h e o p e n s p a c e s , b a c k f i l l t h e l a n d w i t h t o p s o i l a n d l e v e l i t , p l a n t b u s h e s s a c s a o u l , C a l l i g o n u m a n d s e e d s o f A s t r a g a l u s A d s u r g e n s P a l l , a n d f u r n i s h a c o m p l e t e s e t o f i r r i g a t i o n s y s t e m . T h e a r e a t o b e g r e e n e d i s 0 . 0 5 h m 2 , w h i c h w i l l b e p l a n t e d w i t h 1 4 0 s a c s a o u l s , 1 4 0 C a l l i g o n u m s , a n d s o w n w i t h 2 . 5 k g o f A s t r a g a l u s A d s u r g e n s P a l l s e e d s . T h e l a n d t o b e l e v e l e d i s 0 . 1 h m 2 . B . A c c e s s r o a d c o n t r o l a r e a a . P e r m a n e n t r o a d : P r i o r t o i t s c o n s t r u c t i o n , 7 2 0 0 m - l o n g s a c k e d e a r t h b l o c k w i l l b e m a d e o n b o t h s i d e s o f t h e f i l l e d r o a d b e d . T h e s a c k e d e a r t h r i d g e w i l l b e 0 . 7 5 m w i d e o n t o p , 0 . 7 5 m h i g h , 1 : 0 . 5 i n s l o p e r a t i o , a n d r e q u i r e 5 0 6 3 m 3 o f s a c k e d e a r t h . A f t e r t h e c o m p l e t i o n o f t h e p r o j e c t , t h e s a c k e d e a r t h w i l l b e u s e d t o g r o w p l a n t s . b . T e m p o r a r y r o a d T e m p o r a r y m e a s u r e s : S p r a y w a t e r t o c o n t r o l d u s t i n c o n s t r u c t i o n . E n g i n e e r i n g m e a s u r e s : S a c k e d e a r t h w i l l b e a r r a n g e d o n b o t h s i d e s o f t h e a c c e s s d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d t o a v o i d s o i l l o s s i n r o a d b e d c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d o p e r a t i o n . T h e s a c k e d e a r t h b l o c k w i l l b e 5 1 4 0 m l o n g i n t o t a l w i t h a s e c t i o n a l s i z e s a m e a s t h a t o f t h e s a l i e n t w o r k s a r e a . W h e n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n i s c o m p l e t e d , t h e a c c e s s w i l l b e d e m o l i s h e d , a n d t h e a r e a b e i n g o c c u p i e d w i l l b e l e v e l e d . C . Q u a r r y c o n t r o l a r e a Q u a r r y C 1 - 1 : C o n t r o l t h e e x p l o i t a t i o n d e p t h a t l e s s t h a n 4 . 2 m ; a n d c o n d u c t e x c a v a t i o n a t a s t a b l e s l o p e r a t i o o f 1 : 2 . T h e p r o j e c t s p o i l w i l l b e u s e d c o m b i n e d w i t h t h e u s e o f t h e q u a r r y d o w n s t r e a m o f t h e d a m s i t e . S i n c e t h e a m o u n t o f t h e e x c a v a t e d m a t e r i a l s i s f a r m o r e t h a n t h a t o f t h e s p o i l , t h e e x c a v a t e d p i t w i l l b e b i g e n o u g h t o a c c o m m o d a t e t h e s p o i l . T h e q u a r r y w i l l b e e x c a v a t e d b y z o n e . A f t e r o n e z o n e i s e x p l o i t e d , i t w i l l b e b a c k f i l l e d w i t h s p o i l i n t i m e , a n d Page 295 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 2 9 4 L o c a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t O p e r a t i o n p e r i o d D o m e s t i c s e w a g e i n m a n a g e m e n t a r e a W S Z u n d e r g r o u n d c o m p l e t e s e w a g e t r e a t m e n t e q u i p m e n t i s p r o p o s e d t o t r e a t t h e s e w a g e . I t h a s a s e w a g e t r e a t m e n t c a p a c i t y o f 1 m 3 / h , w h i c h c a n m e e t t h e d e m a n d o f d o m e s t i c s e w a g e t r e a t m e n t f o r t h e m a n a g e m e n t a r e a . A f t e r b e i n g t r e a t e d , t h e d o m e s t i c s e w a g e c a n b e u s e d t o w a t e r t h e g r a s s e s a n d p l a n t s i n t h e a r e a a n d t h e t r e e s a l o n g t h e p e r m a n e n t r o a d i n s u m m e r a n d b e d i s c h a r g e d t o t h e d e s e r t a n d G o b i f a r a w a y f r o m t h e r i v e r c o u r s e i n w i n t e r . T u r p a n C i t y M e i y a o g o u R e s e r v o i r D o m e s t i c g a r b a g e i n m a n a g e m e n t a r e a 3 g a r b a g e c o l l e c t o r s w i l l b e f u r n i s h e d i n t h e m a n a g e m e n t a n d l i v i n g q u a r t e r s r e s p e c t i v e l y t o c o l l e c t t h e d o m e s t i c g a r b a g e i n a c o n c e n t r a t e d w a y . T h e g a r b a g e w i l l b e c l e a r e d r e g u l a r l y e a c h w e e k a n d b e t r a n s p o r t e d t o a n d f i l l e d i n t h e s o l i d w a s t e l a n d f i l l o f T u o k e x u n C o u n t y s o a s t o p r e v e n t i t f r o m e n t e r i n g t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a a n d p o l l u t i n g t h e w a t e r b o d y . T u r p a n C i t y P M O f o r w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n p r o j e c t X i n j i a n g E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n D e p a r t m e n t ; T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u ; T u r p a n C i t y E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g S t a t i o n D o m e s t i c s e w a g e i n m a n a g e m e n t a r e a W S Z u n d e r g r o u n d c o m p l e t e s e w a g e t r e a t m e n t e q u i p m e n t i s p r o p o s e d t o t r e a t t h e s e w a g e . I t h a s a s e w a g e t r e a t m e n t c a p a c i t y o f 1 m 3 / h , w h i c h c a n m e e t t h e d e m a n d o f d o m e s t i c s e w a g e t r e a t m e n t f o r t h e m a n a g e m e n t a r e a . A f t e r b e i n g t r e a t e d , t h e d o m e s t i c s e w a g e c a n b e u s e d t o w a t e r t h e g r a s s e s a n d p l a n t s i n t h e a r e a a n d t h e t r e e s a l o n g t h e p e r m a n e n t r o a d i n s u m m e r a n d b e d i s c h a r g e d t o t h e d e s e r t a n d G o b i f a r a w a y f r o m t h e r i v e r c o u r s e i n w i n t e r . D o m e s t i c g a r b a g e i n m a n a g e m e n t a r e a 3 g a r b a g e c o l l e c t o r s w i l l b e f u r n i s h e d i n t h e m a n a g e m e n t a n d l i v i n g q u a r t e r s r e s p e c t i v e l y t o c o l l e c t t h e d o m e s t i c g a r b a g e i n a c o n c e n t r a t e d w a y . T h e g a r b a g e w i l l b e c l e a r e d r e g u l a r l y e a c h w e e k a n d b e t r a n s p o r t e d t o a n d f i l l e d i n t h e s o l i d w a s t e l a n d f i l l o f T u o k e x u n C o u n t y s o a s t o p r e v e n t i t f r o m e n t e r i n g t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a a n d p o l l u t i n g t h e w a t e r b o d y . T u o k e x u n C o u n t y A l a g o u R e s e r v o i r D r y i n g u p o f r i v e r c o u r s e A 5 0 0 m m - d i a m e t e r g l a s s f i b e r r e i n f o r c e d p l a s t i c p i p e e x t e n d i n g f r o m t h e a c c e s s t o t h e d a m t o t h e r i v e r b e d d o w n s t r e a m o f t h e d a m i s p r o p o s e d a t t h e o u t l e t o f i r r i g a t i o n w a t e r o u t l e t t o d i s c h a r g e e c o l o g i c a l b a s e f l o w . T h e d i s c h a r g e i s r e q u i r e d t o b e n o t l e s s t h a n 1 0 % o f t h e l o n g - t e r m a v e r a g e f l o w a t t h e d a m s i t e s e c t i o n , i . e . , 0 . 2 5 m 3 / s . T u o k e x u n C o u n t y f o r w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n p r o j e c t X i n j i a n g E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n D e p a r t m e n t ; T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u ; T u o k e x u n C o u n t y E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g S t a t i o n S h a n s h a n C o u n t y E r t a n g g o u R e s e r v o i r D o m e s t i c s e w a g e i n m a n a g e m e n t a r e a T h e d o m e s t i c s e w a g e f r o m t h e r e s e r v o i r m a n a g e m e n t a r e a w i l l b e c o l l e c t e d a n d d r a i n e d t o a s e p t i c t a n k v i a p i p e . T h e 1 0 - 4 0 B 1 0 s e p t i c t a n k b u i l t d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d c a n b e u s e d , b u t v e h i c l e s c a n n o t p a s s t h r o u g h i t . D u e t o t h e s m a l l f l o w o f t h e A l a g o u R i v e r o n t h e d o w n s t r e a m o f t h e r e s e r v o i r , d i r e c t d i s c h a r g e o f s e w a g e t o t h e r i v e r w i l l p o l l u t e t h e l o w e r r e a c h e s t o a c e r t a i n e x t e n t . I t ’ s r e q u i r e d t h a t t h e t r e a t e d d o m e s t i c s e w a g e b e c o l l e c t e d t h r o u g h a n i m p e r v i o u s t a n k . T h e i m p e r v i o u s t a n k w i l l u t i l i z e t h e f a c i l i t i e s b u i l t d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d w i l l c o l l e c t t h e o u t f l o w f r o m t h e s e p t i c t a n k . T h e w a t e r c a n b e u s e d f o r p l a n t w a t e r i n g i n t h e m a n a g e m e n t a r e a o r e v a p o r a t e n a t u r a l l y a n d w i l l n o t b e d i s c h a r g e d d i r e c t l y t o t h e w a t e r b o d y . S h a n s h a n C o u n t y P M O f o r w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n p r o j e c t X i n j i a n g E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n D e p a r t m e n t ; T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u ; S h a n s h a n C o u n t y E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g S t a t i o n Page 296 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 2 9 5 L o c a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t D o m e s t i c g a r b a g e i n m a n a g e m e n t a r e a 4 g a r b a g e c o l l e c t o r s w i l l b e f u r n i s h e d i n t h e m a n a g e m e n t a n d l i v i n g q u a r t e r s o f A l a g o u R e s e r v o i r t o c o l l e c t t h e d o m e s t i c g a r b a g e i n a c o n c e n t r a t e d w a y . T h e g a r b a g e w i l l b e c l e a r e d r e g u l a r l y e a c h w e e k a n d b e t r a n s p o r t e d t o a n d f i l l e d i n t h e s o l i d w a s t e l a n d f i l l o f T u o k e x u n C o u n t y s o a s t o p r e v e n t i t f r o m e n t e r i n g t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a a n d p o l l u t i n g t h e w a t e r b o d y . D r y i n g u p o f r i v e r c o u r s e A s m a l l - s i z e d s i p h o n p i p e w i l l b e i n s t a l l e d a t t h e d a m s i t e t o d i s c h a r g e e c o l o g i c a l b a s e f l o w n o t l e s s t h a n 0 . 4 m 3 / s . \03 Page 297 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 296 6.2 Canal building (rehabilitation) works 6.2.1 Mitigation measures at design stage Following measures should be taken at design stage to mitigate the environmental impact of project construction: The designer should consider all the factors comprehensively, divide the permanent land use plan into more details according to the design of the surroundings, and utilize the land rationally. In the design, the temporary dumping areas for the construction period and the permanent dumping areas after the construction should be arranged reasonably based on the specific conditions of various canal sections, and flood-control tailing hold works and sewage-control tailing hold works should be arranged to control the spoil in a concentrated way and minimize the impact of spoil piling on environment. Soil and water conservation plan should be prepared well. The general layout should fully consider not only the type, mode and impacting degree of soil erosion and water loss caused by the project construction, but also the master plan of the management area for the operation period of the project. Great attention should be attached in design on the public health during the construction period. The dwelling conditions in the temporary living quarter should not be too simple, crude and crowded, and the area with good surroundings should be selected as the living quarter for the construction personnel to prevent the introduction and spreading of epidemic diseases. The construction of the works will cause great noise, so the designer should take reasonable sound insulation and noise reduction measures as required so as to mitigate the impact of construction noise on site construction personnel. Find out the opinions and comments on environmental problems and impacts of the public and all walks of life to be impacted through public participation before, during and after the project development so as to improve the design. 6.2.2 Mitigation measures at construction stage Since the canal building (rehabilitation) works have similar construction items but different surrounding characteristics, their mitigation measures have commonness and differences. The section elaborate the general measures applicable to all works and the special countermeasures for each specific works (unless otherwise specified, the measures mentioned hereinafter will be general measures). (1) Water environment Production wastewater General measures: Production wastewater will be mainly from concrete batching and curing and cleaning and maintenance of transport vehicles and other machinery. Since the Page 298 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 297 construction sites are dispersed, the wastewater from concrete batching and curing is difficult to collect and will be fully consumed through evaporation. Only minor repair and maintenance will be conducted for the mechanical equipment at the site, so the production wastewater is mainly from washing of the batching system which is small in quantity and will be fully consumed through natural evaporation and seepage. Therefore, no mitigation measure will be taken for the production wastewater. Special measures: Alagou Main Diversion Canal Works will have one concrete aggregate quarry area located on the riverbed 1.0km downstream of the maintain outlet of the Alagou River. The concrete aggregate will be screened on the spot. One desilting tank will be built in the concrete aggregate quarry area with a capacity of 60m 3 and a size of 10m ´ 3m ´ 2m (L ´ W ´ D), designed to accommodate 3-day wastewater discharge. The wastewater will be collected in the temporary desilting tank, and be used for watering the construction access and spoil to reduce dust after deposition. Finally the desilting tank will be removed and transported to the permanent dumping area, and the spot will be backfilled with the excavated earth or stone. Domestic sewage Special measures: A. Taerlang Branch Canal Works In accordance with the construction production layout and due to the short construction period of the project, limited domestic sewage discharge and strong evaporation in the project area, it ’s decided that the domestic sewage will be collected in the temporary sewage receiving tank and be consumed through natural evaporation and seepage. Five tanks are arranged, one for each living quarter. The tank is designed to accommodate 2-day sewage discharge and will have a design capacity of 25.5m 3 and a size of 4m ´ 2.8m ´ 2.5m (L ´ W ´ D). Five latrines of brick and concrete structure with a floor area of 6m 2 will be built, one in each living quarter. After the construction, the sewage receiving tanks and latrines will be cleared, disinfected and buried. B. Alagou Main Diversion Canal Works The temporary production and living quarter is located in gravel desert, where the mean annual evaporation is up to 3744mm. The domestic sewage can be collected in the temporary sewage receiving tank and evaporate naturally. The daily sewage discharge will be 10.1m 3 /d in the construction quarter during peak period, and a sewage receiving tank will be built in the temporary production and living quarter. The tank is designed to accommodate 2-day sewage discharge and will have a design capacity of 20.2m 3 and a size of 5m ´ 2m ´ 2m (L ´ W ´ D) to facilitate design and construction. Meanwhile, one environmental friendly lavatory with a floor area of 20m 2 will be provided in the temporary production and living quarter, and one simple lavatory with floor area of 6m 2 be provided in the concentrated construction site. Feces from the lavatories will be used as manure after being disinfected with lime. When the project is completed, the sewage receiving tanks and lavatories will be dismantled, be backfilled with the excavated earth after the concrete and gravel being delivered to the permanent dumping area, and be leveled and compacted. Page 299 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 298 C. Ertang Branch Canal Seepage Control Upgrading Works The construction personnel for Ertang Branch Canal Seepage Control Upgrading Works will stay in the residential area nearby, so the domestic sewage produced will be collected and treated in a unified way in the residential area, no additional treatment measure will be taken. Evaluation on the measures: The above measures can effectively mitigate the adverse environmental impact of domestic sewage in the construction period. (2) Ambient air Specific measures: Operators for the batching plant will be protected for health care, for example, wearing gauze masks and wind glasses; Cement, lime and other powder materials should be canned or bagged. Transportation in bulk is forbidden so as to prevent dust along the transportation route; Cover the piled materials with tarpaulin in rain and strong wind days; Strictly regulate the traveling route of the transportation machinery during the construction period; Often sprinkle water for curing during the construction period to reduce dust. Water 2-3 times per day or more often in strong wind event; Avoid earth excavation under strong wind weather. Evaluation on the measures: The above measures can minimize the impact of atmospheric environment contamination on the construction personnel during the construction period. (3) Acoustic environment Specific measures: In accordance with the Noise Limits for Construction Site (GB12523-90), the working hours of the people working at the screening system, batching system and other highly noisy environment should be controlled as per the labor protection regulations and be offered with anti-noise articles. Use low-noise equipment as far as possible, and strengthen the maintenance of mechanical equipment. Evaluation on the measures: The above measures can minimize the impact of noise on the construction personnel during the construction period. (4) Solid waste Engineering spoil Page 300 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 299 General measures: Engineering spoil produced in construction is mainly of refused debris and earth. The best solution is to use refused debris and earth as filling materials or backfill materials on the spot to reduce the amount of waste, and the remaining spoil will be piled at the planned dumping area. Domestic garbage Special measures: A. Taerlang Branch Canal Works a. Provide five movable garbage collectors, one in each temporary construction living quarter, publicize the hygiene knowledge to the construction personnel, and nurture their habit of put garbage in garbage collector. b. Rent one refuse truck every week during the construction period to transport the garbage to the wasteyard belonging to Turpan City Sanitation Bureau. The wasteyard lies at Daqiao Village, Putao Township, Turpan City and is 30km away from the project area in average. B. Alagou Main Diversion Canal Works Domestic garbage will be produced mainly in the temporary living quarter. The domestic garbage yield will be 0.17t daily, and the total domestic garbage yield during the whole construction period will be about 38.8t. One movable garbage collector will be arranged in the temporary production and living quarter, and one temporary garbage collecting tank at each main construction site. The domestic garbage will be cleared once every three days and be transported to Tuokexun County wasteyard. C. Ertang Branch Canal Seepage Control Upgrading Works The construction personnel for Ertang Branch Canal Seepage Control Upgrading Works will stay in the residential area nearby, so the domestic garbage produced will be collected and treated in a unified way in the residential area, no additional treatment measure will be taken. Evaluation on the measures: The above measures can lower the impact of solid waste in construction on the surroundings to a degree within environmental endurance. (5) Ecological environment Specific measures: Strengthen the propaganda of the Environmental Protection Law and the Soil and Water Conservation Law, intensify the construction personnel ’s sense of environmental protection, standardize their behavior in construction, and strictly prohibit them from rolling and damaging soil and vegetation at discretion. Strictly designate the traveling route of vehicles and other construction machinery and set warning signs on both sides of the construction access. Evaluation on the measures: The above measures can effectively protect the ecological environment around the project area. Page 301 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 300 (6) Soil and water conservation measures Special measures: Taerlang Branch Canal Works In accordance with the existing status of soil erosion and water loss in the project area and the analysis on the soil erosion and water loss caused by the project construction, the soil erosion and water loss control area is divided into salient structures area, access road area, dumping area, and temporary production and living quarter according to the general project layout. A. Salient structures area Salient structures area includes canal works area and flood control works area. a. Canal works area The land to be disturbed in canal works area is 60.11hm 2 . The canal works area covers water carrying canal, flood control culvert, and flood discharge aqueduct. When the water carrying canal is built, its water passing section will occupy 7.34hm 2 of land. According to the feasibility study report, first, the canal works area is arranged in a relatively concentrated streamline to avoid excessive dispersing of the production line, occupation of large amount of land resources, and soil and water loss caused by increased ground surface disturbance. Next, since the general relief of the project area is quite gentle, the filling and excavation for land leveling should be done nearby so as to minimize the earthwork and avoid soil and water loss. The progress of the structure crossing canal should coordinate with that of water carrying canal. In the design of the salient works, in-situ concrete slab or grouted rubble lining will be adopted for the flood passing section of the structure crossing canal to increase its anti-scouring capacity. Meanwhile, a 9-12m-long V-shaped diffusion area will be made on the downstream surface to reduce the scouring capacity of flow. In a word, the measures stated in the feasibility study report for the salient structures area conform to the requirements on soil and water conservation. Engineering measures: When the construction of canal works is completed, the loosened deposit higher than the ground surface will be leveled according to the topographic conditions so as to prevent wind erosion on strong wind days. Temporary engineering measures: Construction in strong wind day or raining day will be minimized. During the construction, i t’s forbidden to excavate and pile materials at discretion to minimize damage to the original ground. The excavated earth should be utilized as far as possible. The earth temporarily piled needs to be covered with dust-prevention net in strong wind day or raining day. b. Flood control works area The main structure in the flood control works area is flood control diversion dikes arranged along the canal. Each flood control diversion dike is arranged in herringbone, and its downstream side is connected with the flood control culvert or flood discharge aqueduct. The earth to backfill the flood control diversion dike will directly use the excavated earth along the canal, and the dike will occupy 78.52hm 2 of land. According the feasibility study Page 302 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 301 report, it ’s required to coordinate the construction progress of flood control diversion dike with that of the water carrying canal, flood control culvert or flood discharge aqueduct, arrange the works in a relatively concentrated streamline to avoid excessive dispersing of the production line, occupation of large amount of land resources, and soil and water loss caused by increased ground surface disturbance. Additionally, in the design of the salient works, grouted rubble protection will be employed for the water-passing surface of the flood control diversion dike to effectively protect the earth on the water-passing surface from scouring. To sum up, the measures stated in the feasibility study report for the salient structures area conform to the requirements on soil and water conservation. Engineering measures: When the construction in the flood control works area is completed, the loosened deposit higher than the ground surface will be leveled so as to prevent wind erosion on strong wind days. Vegetation measures: No vegetation measure is taken because there is neither water source nor soil suitable for plant growth in the area. B. Access road area The project has very convenient access conditions to the outside, and its onsite access road is a newly built one and is included in the salient structures area. This access road, occupying 13.69hm 2 of land, will be used for construction and as the maintenance road for canal after the completion of the project. According to the feasibility study report, the natural gradient will be adopted for the onsite access road based on the topographic variation. The construction road will be sprinkled with water during the construction period to avoid dust. The salient structures conform to the requirements of soil and water conservation. C. Dumping area In accordance with the general project layout, construction of salient works and construction land leveling, it’s finally decided to locate the dumping area within the herringbone dike in the flood control works area to satisfy the demands of construction, and the dumping area will occupy 11.41hm 2 of land. It is safe, reliable, practical technically, and reasonable economically. In line with the characteristics and procedures of site construction, the large amount of waste earth produced from the cross-section of the canal in construction can be reused for the earth backfill of the diversion dyke. Therefore, some earth needs to be stored temporarily during the construction period. The temporary storage area will be 6.85hm 2 . According to the feasibility study report, this scheme required supplementary design of measures for temporary spoil storage and surface protection for the purpose of soil and water conservation. a. Engineering measures The temporary dumping areas will be located within 2.5m away from each excavation face to pile up the excavated materials from the construction and production in a form of trapezoidal bench. The outer slope will be 1:1.5 with a height around 1.0m. The waste earth will be piled according to its amount and piling mode, and the land it occupies is mostly of Gobi. After the construction, the land surface will be protected through covering with gravel. For the purpose of soil and water conservation, an engineering measure of covering the surface of the piled earth with dust-prevention net temporarily in strong wind days will be adopted. Page 303 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 302 As for the permanent dumping area, the spoil will be piled in a concentrated way utilizing the specific arrangement of the project area, and the spoil surface will be covered with gravel when the construction is completed so as to reduce wind erosion. b. Temporary engineering measures Construction in strong wind day or raining day will be minimized. During the construction, i t’s forbidden to excavate and pile materials at discretion to minimize damage to the original ground. The excavated earth should be utilized as far as possible. The earth temporarily piled needs to be covered with dust-prevention net in strong wind day or raining day. D. Temporary production and living quarter The temporary production and living quarter includes temporary production area and temporary living area. The temporary production area covers the places for concrete batching system, aggregate processing system, equipment repairing workshop, rebar processing workshop, wood workshop, parking lot, construction equipment warehouse, consumption goods warehouse, cement storage, fuel storage, and so on. The temporary living area covers the places for office, dormitory, work shed, temporary piling and transfer areas, and so on and will occupy 0.165hm 2 of land. The temporary production and living quarter will be watered to reduce the dust at the construction site. Since the original ground surface of the temporary production and living quarter is covered with gravel, it will be basically free of wind erosion through treatment after the construction. The engineering measures above mentioned are newly added for soil and water conservation. Alagou Main Diversion Canal Works In accordance with the type of relief and existing status of soil erosion and water loss in the project area and the analysis on the soil erosion and water loss caused by the project construction, the soil erosion and water loss control area is divided into canal works area, flood protection dyke area, construction access area, temporary production and living quarter for construction, quarry area and dumping area. A. Salient structures area (canal works area and flood protection dyke area) a. Engineering measures The excavated materials will be piled in a concentrated way on one side of the excavated section within the managed scope. The earth will be piled in trapezoidal bench. The slope ratio and height for earth piling for the canal are 1:1.5 and not over 1.4m, respectively, and those for the flood-prevention dyke are 1:1 and not over 3.0m, respectively. The temporary spoil piled will be covered with geomembrane during the construction period, and watering and other temporary protective measures will be taken for the disturbed ground surface in the construction area. The slash of temporary dumping area and the construction area will be leveled and covered with gravel. b. Vegetation measures: Not applicable c. Temporary engineering measures Page 304 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 303 Construction in strong wind day or raining day will be minimized. Temporary earth piling will be made in a concentrated way, sprinkled with during the construction period and covered with geomembrane. B. Construction access area Temporary engineering measures: During the construction period, the temporary construction roads in the project area will be watered frequently on the pavement, and the construction vehicles are prohibited to roll their peripheral land. C. Temporary production and living quarter for construction The temporary production and living quarter includes temporary production area and temporary living area, mainly referring to material piling area, temporary housing, concrete batching plant, storage area, and so on. The quarter will be watered to reduce the dust at the construction site. The pollutants (refuse and fuel) will be cleared or buried after the construction, and the Constructor needs to remove all the surface structures and wastes and transport them to the dumping area. Since the original ground surface of the temporary production and living quarter is covered with gravel, it will be basically free of wind erosion through treatment after the construction. The engineering measures above mentioned are newly added for soil and water conservation. D. Quarry area a. Cobble quarry area Cobble quarry area is in the riverbed, so it ’s difficult to take engineering measures and vegetation measures. The collection of cobbles should minimize the disturbance to the riverbed, and it’s required to collect only the cobbles that are on the top of the riverbed and move from the upper reaches in flood season. No exposal of riverbed is the criterion for cobble collection. Since the piling of big cobbles on the riverbed can play a role of anti- scouring to some extent, attention should be paid on the protection of riverbed in cobble collection. b. Concrete aggregate quarry area Engineering measures: As for the concrete aggregate quarry area, it’s proposed to backfill the quarrying pit of the quarry with the nearby discards from the screening after the construction of the salient works, and level and compact the pit mechanically. E. Dumping area The temporary dumping areas will be located within 3m away from each excavation face to pile up the excavated materials from the construction and production in a form of trapezoidal bench. The waste earth will be piled according to its amount and piling mode, and the land it occupies is mostly of Gobi. After the construction, the land surface will be protected through covering with gravel. For the purpose of soil and water conservation, engineering measures of watering and covering the surface of the piled earth with dust-prevention net temporarily in strong wind days will be adopted. Page 305 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 304 The permanent spoil will be transported to the permanent dumping area and piled in a concentrated way when the construction is completed, and the spoil surface will be covered with gravel so as to reduce wind erosion. Ertang Branch Canal Seepage Control Upgrading Works In accordance with the existing status of soil erosion and water loss in the project area and the analysis on the soil erosion and water loss caused by the project construction, the soil erosion and water loss control area is divided into 5 zones, i.e., salient structures area, quarry area, access road area, temporary dumping area, and temporary production area. The main measures for soil and water conservation are as follows: A. Salient structures construction area During the construction period, the temporarily piled materials will be covered with color striped fabric, and watering and other temporary protective measures will be taken for the disturbed ground surface in the construction area. After the construction, the slash of temporary dumping area and the construction area will be leveled. Construction in strong wind day or raining day will be minimized. I t’s forbidden to excavate and pile materials and harden the ground at discretion in construction to minimize damage to the original ground. Rational measures should be taken to protect the soil and water resources. The excavated earth should be utilized as far as possible, and temporary protective measures should be taken for the earth in the period of being piled before the utilization. It’s prohibited to dump and pile the waste earth and other solid wastes at Gobi and other areas not for this purpose, and those wastes must be cleared and transported to the specifically designed storage area and piled in a concentrated way. Covering and retaining measures should also be taken for the temporary storage area. Effective measures should be taken to control and prevent landslide and other soil erosion disasters caused by the construction. The area should be cleared after the construction. B. Quarry area Cobble quarry area is in the riverbed, so it’s difficult to take engineering measures and vegetation measures. The collection of cobbles should minimize the disturbance to the riverbed, and it’s required to collect only the cobbles that are on the top of the riverbed and move from the upper reaches in flood season. No exposal of riverbed is the criterion for cobble collection. C. Access road area The salient works have very convenient access conditions. Natural gradient will be adopted for the onsite access road based on the topographic variation, and the land will be leveled. The salient structures conform to the requirements of soil and water conservation. The construction road will be sprinkled with water during the construction period to avoid dust. D. Temporary dumping area In accordance with the demands of canal works, the dumping areas will be located within 2.5m away from each excavation face to pile up the excavated materials from the Page 306 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 305 construction and production. The temporarily piled materials will be covered with color striped fabric and be watered. The waste earth will be piled according to its amount and piling mode, and the land it occupies is mostly of Gobi. After the construction, the land surface will be protected through covering with gravel. E. Temporary production area Temporary production and living quarter will be watered to reduce the dust at the construction site. The pollutants (refuse, fuel, etc.) will be cleared or buried after the construction, and the Constructor needs to remove all the surface structures and wastes and transport them to the dumping area. Since the original ground surface of the temporary production and living quarter is covered with gravel, it will be basically free of wind erosion through treatment after the construction. Evaluation on the measures: The above measures can minimize the soil erosion and water loss caused by construction during the construction period. (7) Public health Specific measures: Request the local sanitation and antiepidemic authorities to specially assign person to instruct and supervise the sanitary clearance of the construction area; Organize and implement the health and antiepidemic measures before the mobilization of the construction personnel; Do a good job in treating the ordinary personal injuries and diseases; Strengthen publicization, dissemination and education of health knowledge, and instruct the construction personnel to form good living habits; Ensure the hygiene of food and drinking water at canteen and drinking water supply point and do a good job in sanitation, disinfection, epidemic prevention and immunization so as to eliminate the epidemic outbreak; Earnestly protect the safety of the construction personnel during the construction period to avoid industrial injury. Evaluation on the measures: In case proper sanitary and epidemic prevention measures are taken, the public health of the construction personnel will not be affected. 6.2.3 Mitigation measures during operation period According to the environmental impact analysis on canal building (rehabilitation) works stated in Section 4.1, this type of projects will cause adverse environmental impacts mainly in the construction period, and they will not adversely impact the surroundings during the operation period. Consequently, no mitigation measure is considered during the operation period. Page 307 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 3 0 6 S u m m a r y o f G e n e r a l M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s a g a i n s t E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t s o f C a n a l B u i l d i n g ( R e h a b i l i t a t i o n ) W o r k s T a b l e 6 . 2 - 1 2 T y p e P e r i o d E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t D e s i g n s t a g e T h e d e s i g n e r s h o u l d c o n s i d e r a l l t h e f a c t o r s c o m p r e h e n s i v e l y , d i v i d e t h e p e r m a n e n t l a n d u s e p l a n i n t o m o r e d e t a i l s a c c o r d i n g t o t h e d e s i g n o f t h e s u r r o u n d i n g s , a n d u t i l i z e t h e l a n d r a t i o n a l l y . I n t h e d e s i g n , t h e t e m p o r a r y d u m p i n g a r e a s f o r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d t h e p e r m a n e n t d u m p i n g a r e a s a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n s h o u l d b e a r r a n g e d r e a s o n a b l y b a s e d o n t h e s p e c i f i c c o n d i t i o n s o f v a r i o u s c a n a l s e c t i o n s , a n d f l o o d - c o n t r o l t a i l i n g h o l d w o r k s a n d s e w a g e - c o n t r o l t a i l i n g h o l d w o r k s s h o u l d b e a r r a n g e d t o c o n t r o l t h e s p o i l i n a c o n c e n t r a t e d w a y a n d m i n i m i z e t h e i m p a c t o f s p o i l p i l i n g o n e n v i r o n m e n t . S o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n p l a n s h o u l d b e p r e p a r e d w e l l . T h e g e n e r a l l a y o u t s h o u l d f u l l y c o n s i d e r n o t o n l y t h e t y p e , m o d e a n d i m p a c t i n g d e g r e e o f s o i l e r o s i o n a n d w a t e r l o s s c a u s e d b y t h e p r o j e c t c o n s t r u c t i o n , b u t a l s o t h e m a s t e r p l a n o f t h e m a n a g e m e n t a r e a f o r t h e o p e r a t i o n p e r i o d o f t h e p r o j e c t . G r e a t a t t e n t i o n s h o u l d b e a t t a c h e d i n d e s i g n o n t h e p u b l i c h e a l t h d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d . T h e d w e l l i n g c o n d i t i o n s i n t h e t e m p o r a r y l i v i n g q u a r t e r s h o u l d n o t b e t o o s i m p l e , c r u d e a n d c r o w d e d , a n d t h e a r e a w i t h g o o d s u r r o u n d i n g s s h o u l d b e s e l e c t e d a s t h e l i v i n g q u a r t e r f o r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l t o p r e v e n t t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n a n d s p r e a d i n g o f e p i d e m i c d i s e a s e s . T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e w o r k s w i l l c a u s e g r e a t n o i s e , s o t h e d e s i g n e r s h o u l d t a k e r e a s o n a b l e s o u n d i n s u l a t i o n a n d n o i s e r e d u c t i o n m e a s u r e s a s r e q u i r e d s o a s t o m i t i g a t e t h e i m p a c t o f c o n s t r u c t i o n n o i s e o n s i t e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l . F i n d o u t t h e o p i n i o n s a n d c o m m e n t s o n e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o b l e m s a n d i m p a c t s o f t h e p u b l i c a n d a l l w a l k s o f l i f e t o b e i m p a c t e d t h r o u g h p u b l i c p a r t i c i p a t i o n b e f o r e , d u r i n g a n d a f t e r t h e p r o j e c t d e v e l o p m e n t s o a s t o i m p r o v e t h e d e s i g n . D e s i g n e r E n v i r o n m e n t w o r k g r o u p E n v i r o n m e n t a l m a n a g e m e n t o f f i c e s o f T u r p a n C i t y , S h a n s h a n C o u n t y , a n d T u o k e x u n C o u n t y — P r o d u c t i o n w a s t e w a t e r P r o d u c t i o n w a s t e w a t e r w i l l b e m a i n l y f r o m c o n c r e t e b a t c h i n g a n d c u r i n g a n d c l e a n i n g a n d m a i n t e n a n c e o f t r a n s p o r t v e h i c l e s a n d o t h e r m a c h i n e r y . S i n c e t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e s a r e d i s p e r s e d , t h e w a s t e w a t e r f r o m c o n c r e t e b a t c h i n g a n d c u r i n g i s d i f f i c u l t t o c o l l e c t a n d w i l l b e f u l l y c o n s u m e d t h r o u g h e v a p o r a t i o n . O n l y m i n o r r e p a i r a n d m a i n t e n a n c e w i l l b e c o n d u c t e d f o r t h e m e c h a n i c a l e q u i p m e n t a t t h e s i t e , s o t h e p r o d u c t i o n w a s t e w a t e r i s m a i n l y f r o m w a s h i n g o f t h e b a t c h i n g s y s t e m w h i c h i s s m a l l i n q u a n t i t y a n d w i l l b e f u l l y c o n s u m e d t h r o u g h n a t u r a l e v a p o r a t i o n a n d s e e p a g e . T h e r e f o r e , n o m i t i g a t i o n m e a s u r e w i l l b e t a k e n f o r t h e p r o d u c t i o n w a s t e w a t e r . Canal Building (Rehabilitation) Works C o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d A m b i e n t a i r O p e r a t o r s f o r t h e b a t c h i n g p l a n t w i l l b e p r o t e c t e d f o r h e a l t h c a r e , f o r e x a m p l e , w e a r i n g g a u z e m a s k s a n d w i n d g l a s s e s ; C e m e n t , l i m e a n d o t h e r p o w d e r m a t e r i a l s s h o u l d b e c a n n e d o r b a g g e d . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n b u l k i s f o r b i d d e n s o a s t o p r e v e n t d u s t a l o n g t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n r o u t e ; C o v e r t h e p i l e d m a t e r i a l s w i t h t a r p a u l i n i n r a i n a n d s t r o n g w i n d d a y s ; S t r i c t l y r e g u l a t e t h e t r a v e l i n g r o u t e o f t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n m a c h i n e r y d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d ; O f t e n s p r i n k l e w a t e r f o r c u r i n g d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d t o r e d u c e d u s t . W a t e r 2 - 3 t i m e s p e r d a y o r m o r e o f t e n i n s t r o n g w i n d e v e n t ; A v o i d e a r t h e x c a v a t i o n u n d e r s t r o n g w i n d w e a t h e r . C o n s t r u c t o r X i n j i a n g E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n D e p a r t m e n t , e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n b u r e a u s o f T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e , T u r p a n C i t y , S h a n s h a n C o u n t y a n d T u o k e x u n C o u n t y Page 308 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 3 0 7 T y p e P e r i o d E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t A c o u s t i c e n v i r o n m e n t I n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e N o i s e L i m i t s f o r C o n s t r u c t i o n S i t e ( G B 1 2 5 2 3 - 9 0 ) , t h e w o r k i n g h o u r s o f t h e p e o p l e w o r k i n g a t t h e s c r e e n i n g s y s t e m , b a t c h i n g s y s t e m a n d o t h e r h i g h l y n o i s y e n v i r o n m e n t s h o u l d b e c o n t r o l l e d a s p e r t h e l a b o r p r o t e c t i o n r e g u l a t i o n s a n d b e o f f e r e d w i t h a n t i - n o i s e a r t i c l e s . U s e l o w - n o i s e e q u i p m e n t a s f a r a s p o s s i b l e , a n d s t r e n g t h e n t h e m a i n t e n a n c e o f m e c h a n i c a l e q u i p m e n t . E v a l u a t i o n o n t h e m e a s u r e s : T h e a b o v e m e a s u r e s c a n m i n i m i z e t h e i m p a c t o f n o i s e o n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d . E n g i n e e r i n g s p o i l E n g i n e e r i n g s p o i l p r o d u c e d i n c o n s t r u c t i o n i s m a i n l y o f r e f u s e d d e b r i s a n d e a r t h . T h e b e s t s o l u t i o n i s t o u s e r e f u s e d d e b r i s a n d e a r t h a s f i l l i n g m a t e r i a l s o r b a c k f i l l m a t e r i a l s o n t h e s p o t t o r e d u c e t h e a m o u n t o f w a s t e , a n d t h e r e m a i n i n g s p o i l w i l l b e p i l e d a t t h e p l a n n e d d u m p i n g a r e a . D o m e s t i c g a r b a g e S t r e n g t h e n t h e p r o p a g a n d a o f t h e E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n L a w a n d t h e S o i l a n d W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n L a w , i n t e n s i f y t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l ’ s s e n s e o f e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n , s t a n d a r d i z e t h e i r b e h a v i o r i n c o n s t r u c t i o n , a n d s t r i c t l y p r o h i b i t t h e m f r o m r o l l i n g a n d d a m a g i n g s o i l a n d v e g e t a t i o n a t d i s c r e t i o n . S t r i c t l y d e s i g n a t e t h e t r a v e l i n g r o u t e o f v e h i c l e s a n d o t h e r c o n s t r u c t i o n m a c h i n e r y a n d s e t w a r n i n g s i g n s o n b o t h s i d e s o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n a c c e s s . P u b l i c h e a l t h R e q u e s t t h e l o c a l s a n i t a t i o n a n d a n t i e p i d e m i c a u t h o r i t i e s t o s p e c i a l l y a s s i g n p e r s o n t o i n s t r u c t a n d s u p e r v i s e t h e s a n i t a r y c l e a r a n c e o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a ; O r g a n i z e a n d i m p l e m e n t t h e h e a l t h a n d a n t i e p i d e m i c m e a s u r e s b e f o r e t h e m o b i l i z a t i o n o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l ; D o a g o o d j o b i n t r e a t i n g t h e o r d i n a r y p e r s o n a l i n j u r i e s a n d d i s e a s e s ; S t r e n g t h e n p u b l i c i z a t i o n , d i s s e m i n a t i o n a n d e d u c a t i o n o f h e a l t h k n o w l e d g e , a n d i n s t r u c t t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l t o f o r m g o o d l i v i n g h a b i t s ; E n s u r e t h e h y g i e n e o f f o o d a n d d r i n k i n g w a t e r a t c a n t e e n a n d d r i n k i n g w a t e r s u p p l y p o i n t a n d d o a g o o d j o b i n s a n i t a t i o n , d i s i n f e c t i o n , e p i d e m i c p r e v e n t i o n a n d i m m u n i z a t i o n s o a s t o e l i m i n a t e t h e e p i d e m i c o u t b r e a k ; E a r n e s t l y p r o t e c t t h e s a f e t y o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d t o a v o i d i n d u s t r i a l i n j u r y . Page 309 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 3 0 8 S u m m a r y o f S p e c i a l M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s a g a i n s t E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t s o f C a n a l B u i l d i n g ( R e h a b i l i t a t i o n ) W o r k s d u r i n g C o n s t r u c t i o n P e r i o d T a b l e 6 . 2 - 1 3 L o c a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t D o m e s t i c s e w a g e I n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o d u c t i o n l a y o u t a n d d u e t o t h e s h o r t c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d o f t h e p r o j e c t , l i m i t e d d o m e s t i c s e w a g e d i s c h a r g e a n d s t r o n g e v a p o r a t i o n i n t h e p r o j e c t a r e a , i t ’ s d e c i d e d t h a t t h e d o m e s t i c s e w a g e w i l l b e c o l l e c t e d i n t h e t e m p o r a r y s e w a g e r e c e i v i n g t a n k a n d b e c o n s u m e d t h r o u g h n a t u r a l e v a p o r a t i o n a n d s e e p a g e . F i v e t a n k s a r e a r r a n g e d , o n e f o r e a c h l i v i n g q u a r t e r . T h e t a n k i s d e s i g n e d t o a c c o m m o d a t e 2 - d a y s e w a g e d i s c h a r g e a n d w i l l h a v e a d e s i g n c a p a c i t y o f 2 5 . 5 m 3 a n d a s i z e o f 4 m ´ 2 . 8 m ´ 2 . 5 m ( L ´ W ´ D ) . F i v e l a t r i n e s o f b r i c k a n d c o n c r e t e s t r u c t u r e w i t h a f l o o r a r e a o f 6 m 2 w i l l b e b u i l t , o n e i n e a c h l i v i n g q u a r t e r . A f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n , t h e s e w a g e r e c e i v i n g t a n k s a n d l a t r i n e s w i l l b e c l e a r e d , d i s i n f e c t e d a n d b u r i e d . T u r p a n C i t y T a e r l a n g B r a n c h C a n a l W o r k s D o m e s t i c g a r b a g e P r o v i d e f i v e m o v a b l e g a r b a g e c o l l e c t o r s , o n e i n e a c h t e m p o r a r y c o n s t r u c t i o n l i v i n g q u a r t e r , p u b l i c i z e t h e h y g i e n e k n o w l e d g e t o t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l , a n d n u r t u r e t h e i r h a b i t o f p u t g a r b a g e i n g a r b a g e c o l l e c t o r . R e n t o n e r e f u s e t r u c k e v e r y w e e k d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d t o t r a n s p o r t t h e g a r b a g e t o t h e w a s t e y a r d b e l o n g i n g t o T u r p a n C i t y S a n i t a t i o n B u r e a u . T h e w a s t e y a r d l i e s a t D a q i a o V i l l a g e , P u t a o T o w n s h i p , T u r p a n C i t y a n d i s 3 0 k m a w a y f r o m t h e p r o j e c t a r e a i n a v e r a g e . C o n s t r u c t o r T u r p a n C i t y E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u , T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u , X i n j i a n g E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n D e p a r t m e n t Page 310 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 3 0 9 L o c a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t S o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n S o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n S a l i e n t s t r u c t u r e s a r e a : i n c l u d i n g c a n a l w o r k s a r e a a n d f l o o d c o n t r o l w o r k s a r e a . A . C a n a l w o r k s a r e a T h e l a n d t o b e d i s t u r b e d i n c a n a l w o r k s a r e a i s 6 0 . 1 1 h m 2 . T h e c a n a l w o r k s a r e a c o v e r s w a t e r c a r r y i n g c a n a l , f l o o d c o n t r o l c u l v e r t , a n d f l o o d d i s c h a r g e a q u e d u c t . W h e n t h e w a t e r c a r r y i n g c a n a l i s b u i l t , i t s w a t e r p a s s i n g s e c t i o n w i l l o c c u p y 7 . 3 4 h m 2 o f l a n d . A c c o r d i n g t o t h e f e a s i b i l i t y s t u d y r e p o r t , f i r s t , t h e c a n a l w o r k s a r e a i s a r r a n g e d i n a r e l a t i v e l y c o n c e n t r a t e d s t r e a m l i n e t o a v o i d e x c e s s i v e d i s p e r s i n g o f t h e p r o d u c t i o n l i n e , o c c u p a t i o n o f l a r g e a m o u n t o f l a n d r e s o u r c e s , a n d s o i l a n d w a t e r l o s s c a u s e d b y i n c r e a s e d g r o u n d s u r f a c e d i s t u r b a n c e . N e x t , s i n c e t h e g e n e r a l r e l i e f o f t h e p r o j e c t a r e a i s q u i t e g e n t l e , t h e f i l l i n g a n d e x c a v a t i o n f o r l a n d l e v e l i n g s h o u l d b e d o n e n e a r b y s o a s t o m i n i m i z e t h e e a r t h w o r k a n d a v o i d s o i l a n d w a t e r l o s s . T h e p r o g r e s s o f t h e s t r u c t u r e c r o s s i n g c a n a l s h o u l d c o o r d i n a t e w i t h t h a t o f w a t e r c a r r y i n g c a n a l . I n t h e d e s i g n o f t h e s a l i e n t w o r k s , i n - s i t u c o n c r e t e s l a b o r g r o u t e d r u b b l e l i n i n g w i l l b e a d o p t e d f o r t h e f l o o d p a s s i n g s e c t i o n o f t h e s t r u c t u r e c r o s s i n g c a n a l t o i n c r e a s e i t s a n t i - s c o u r i n g c a p a c i t y . M e a n w h i l e , a 9 - 1 2 m - l o n g V - s h a p e d d i f f u s i o n a r e a w i l l b e m a d e o n t h e d o w n s t r e a m s u r f a c e t o r e d u c e t h e s c o u r i n g c a p a c i t y o f f l o w . I n a w o r d , t h e m e a s u r e s s t a t e d i n t h e f e a s i b i l i t y s t u d y r e p o r t f o r t h e s a l i e n t s t r u c t u r e s a r e a c o n f o r m t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o n s o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n . a . E n g i n e e r i n g m e a s u r e s : W h e n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f c a n a l w o r k s i s c o m p l e t e d , t h e l o o s e n e d d e p o s i t h i g h e r t h a n t h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e w i l l b e l e v e l e d a c c o r d i n g t o t h e t o p o g r a p h i c c o n d i t i o n s s o a s t o p r e v e n t w i n d e r o s i o n o n s t r o n g w i n d d a y s . b . T e m p o r a r y e n g i n e e r i n g m e a s u r e s : C o n s t r u c t i o n i n s t r o n g w i n d d a y o r r a i n i n g d a y w i l l b e m i n i m i z e d . D u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n , i t ’ s f o r b i d d e n t o e x c a v a t e a n d p i l e m a t e r i a l s a t d i s c r e t i o n t o m i n i m i z e d a m a g e t o t h e o r i g i n a l g r o u n d . T h e e x c a v a t e d e a r t h s h o u l d b e u t i l i z e d a s f a r a s p o s s i b l e . T h e e a r t h t e m p o r a r i l y p i l e d n e e d s t o b e c o v e r e d w i t h d u s t - p r e v e n t i o n n e t i n s t r o n g w i n d d a y o r r a i n i n g d a y . B . F l o o d c o n t r o l w o r k s a r e a T h e m a i n s t r u c t u r e i n t h e f l o o d c o n t r o l w o r k s a r e a i s f l o o d c o n t r o l d i v e r s i o n d i k e s a r r a n g e d a l o n g t h e c a n a l . E a c h f l o o d c o n t r o l d i v e r s i o n d i k e i s a r r a n g e d i n h e r r i n g b o n e , a n d i t s d o w n s t r e a m s i d e i s c o n n e c t e d w i t h t h e f l o o d c o n t r o l c u l v e r t o r f l o o d d i s c h a r g e a q u e d u c t . T h e e a r t h t o b a c k f i l l t h e f l o o d c o n t r o l d i v e r s i o n d i k e w i l l d i r e c t l y u s e t h e e x c a v a t e d e a r t h a l o n g t h e c a n a l , a n d t h e d i k e w i l l o c c u p y 7 8 . 5 2 h m 2 o f l a n d . A c c o r d i n g t h e f e a s i b i l i t y s t u d y r e p o r t , i t ’ s r e q u i r e d t o c o o r d i n a t e t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o g r e s s o f f l o o d c o n t r o l d i v e r s i o n d i k e w i t h t h a t o f t h e w a t e r c a r r y i n g c a n a l , f l o o d c o n t r o l c u l v e r t o r f l o o d d i s c h a r g e a q u e d u c t , a r r a n g e t h e w o r k s i n a r e l a t i v e l y c o n c e n t r a t e d s t r e a m l i n e t o a v o i d e x c e s s i v e d i s p e r s i n g o f t h e p r o d u c t i o n l i n e , o c c u p a t i o n o f l a r g e a m o u n t o f l a n d r e s o u r c e s , a n d s o i l a n d w a t e r l o s s c a u s e d b y i n c r e a s e d g r o u n d s u r f a c e d i s t u r b a n c e . A d d i t i o n a l l y , i n t h e d e s i g n o f t h e s a l i e n t w o r k s , g r o u t e d r u b b l e p r o t e c t i o n w i l l b e e m p l o y e d f o r t h e w a t e r - p a s s i n g s u r f a c e o f t h e f l o o d c o n t r o l d i v e r s i o n d i k e t o e f f e c t i v e l y p r o t e c t t h e e a r t h o n t h e w a t e r - p a s s i n g s u r f a c e f r o m s c o u r i n g . T o s u m u p , t h e m e a s u r e s s t a t e d i n t h e f e a s i b i l i t y s t u d y r e p o r t f o r t h e s a l i e n t s t r u c t u r e s a r e a c o n f o r m t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o n s o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n . a . E n g i n e e r i n g m e a s u r e s : W h e n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n i n t h e f l o o d c o n t r o l w o r k s a r e a i s c o m p l e t e d , t h e l o o s e n e d d e p o s i t h i g h e r t h a n t h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e w i l l b e l e v e l e d s o a s t o p r e v e n t w i n d e r o s i o n o n s t r o n g w i n d d a y s . b . V e g e t a t i o n m e a s u r e s : N o v e g e t a t i o n m e a s u r e i s t a k e n b e c a u s e t h e r e i s n e i t h e r w a t e r s o u r c e n o r s o i l s u i t a b l e f o r p l a n t g r o w t h i n t h e a r e a . A c c e s s r o a d a r e a : T h e p r o j e c t h a s v e r y c o n v e n i e n t a c c e s s c o n d i t i o n s t o t h e o u t s i d e , a n d i t s o n s i t e a c c e s s r o a d i s a n e w l y b u i l t o n e a n d i s i n c l u d e d i n t h e s a l i e n t s t r u c t u r e s a r e a . T h i s a c c e s s r o a d , o c c u p y i n g 1 3 . 6 9 h m 2 o f l a n d , w i l l b e u s e d f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d a s t h e m a i n t e n a n c e r o a d f o r c a n a l a f t e r t h e c o m p l e t i o n o f t h e p r o j e c t . A c c o r d i n g t o t h e f e a s i b i l i t y s t u d y r e p o r t , t h e n a t u r a l g r a d i e n t w i l l b e a d o p t e d f o r t h e o n s i t e a c c e s s r o a d b a s e d o n t h e t o p o g r a p h i c v a r i a t i o n . T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n r o a d w i l l b e s p r i n k l e d w i t h w a t e r d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d t o a v o i d d u s t . T h e s a l i e n t s t r u c t u r e s c o n f o r m t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f s o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n . D u m p i n g a r e a : I n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e g e n e r a l p r o j e c t l a y o u t , c o n s t r u c t i o n o f s a l i e n t w o r k s a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n l a n d l e v e l i n g , i t ’ s f i n a l l y d e c i d e d t o l o c a t e t h e d u m p i n g a r e a w i t h i n t h e h e r r i n g b o n e d i k e i n t h e f l o o d c o n t r o l w o r k s a r e a t o s a t i s f y t h e d e m a n d s o f c o n s t r u c t i o n , a n d t h e d u m p i n g a r e a w i l l o c c u p y 1 1 . 4 1 h m 2 o f l a n d . I t i s s a f e , r e l i a b l e , p r a c t i c a l t e c h n i c a l l y , a n d r e a s o n a b l e e c o n o m i c a l l y . I n l i n e w i t h t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a n d p r o c e d u r e s o f s i t e c o n s t r u c t i o n , t h e l a r g e a m o u n t o f w a s t e e a r t h p r o d u c e d f r o m t h e c r o s s - s e c t i o n o f t h e c a n a l i n c o n s t r u c t i o n c a n b e r e u s e d f o r t h e e a r t h b a c k f i l l o f t h e d i v e r s i o n d y k e . T h e r e f o r e , s o m e e a r t h n e e d s t o b e s t o r e d t e m p o r a r i l y d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d . T h e t e m p o r a r y s t o r a g e a r e a w i l l b e 6 . 8 5 h m 2 . A c c o r d i n g t o t h e f e a s i b i l i t y s t u d y r e p o r t , t h i s s c h e m e r e q u i r e d s u p p l e m e n t a r y d e s i g n o f m e a s u r e s f o r t e m p o r a r y s p o i l s t o r a g e a n d s u r f a c e p r o t e c t i o n f o r t h e p u r p o s e o f s o i l a n d C o n s t r u c t o r W a t e r r e s o u r c e s b u r e a u s o f T u r p a n C i t y a n d T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e , X i n j i a n g W a t e r R e s o u r c e s D e p a r t m e n t U n i t q u a l i f i e d f o r s o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n m o n i t o r i n g Page 311 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 3 1 0 L o c a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t P r o d u c t i o n w a s t e w a t e r A l a g o u M a i n D i v e r s i o n C a n a l W o r k s w i l l h a v e o n e c o n c r e t e a g g r e g a t e q u a r r y a r e a l o c a t e d o n t h e r i v e r b e d 1 . 0 k m d o w n s t r e a m o f t h e m a i n t a i n o u t l e t o f t h e A l a g o u R i v e r . T h e c o n c r e t e a g g r e g a t e w i l l b e s c r e e n e d o n t h e s p o t . O n e d e s i l t i n g t a n k w i l l b e b u i l t i n t h e c o n c r e t e a g g r e g a t e q u a r r y a r e a w i t h a c a p a c i t y o f 6 0 m 3 a n d a s i z e o f 1 0 m ´ 3 m ´ 2 m ( L ´ W ´ D ) , d e s i g n e d t o a c c o m m o d a t e 3 - d a y w a s t e w a t e r d i s c h a r g e . T h e w a s t e w a t e r w i l l b e c o l l e c t e d i n t h e t e m p o r a r y d e s i l t i n g t a n k , a n d b e u s e d f o r w a t e r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n a c c e s s a n d s p o i l t o r e d u c e d u s t a f t e r d e p o s i t i o n . F i n a l l y t h e d e s i l t i n g t a n k w i l l b e r e m o v e d a n d t r a n s p o r t e d t o t h e p e r m a n e n t d u m p i n g a r e a , a n d t h e s p o t w i l l b e b a c k f i l l e d w i t h t h e e x c a v a t e d e a r t h o r s t o n e . D o m e s t i c s e w a g e T h e t e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a n d l i v i n g q u a r t e r i s l o c a t e d i n g r a v e l d e s e r t , w h e r e t h e m e a n a n n u a l e v a p o r a t i o n i s u p t o 3 7 4 4 m m . T h e d o m e s t i c s e w a g e c a n b e c o l l e c t e d i n t h e t e m p o r a r y s e w a g e r e c e i v i n g t a n k a n d e v a p o r a t e n a t u r a l l y . T h e d a i l y s e w a g e d i s c h a r g e w i l l b e 1 0 . 1 m 3 / d i n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n q u a r t e r d u r i n g p e a k p e r i o d , a n d a s e w a g e r e c e i v i n g t a n k w i l l b e b u i l t i n t h e t e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a n d l i v i n g q u a r t e r . T h e t a n k i s d e s i g n e d t o a c c o m m o d a t e 2 - d a y s e w a g e d i s c h a r g e a n d w i l l h a v e a d e s i g n c a p a c i t y o f 2 0 . 2 m 3 a n d a s i z e o f 5 m ´ 2 m ´ 2 m ( L ´ W ´ D ) t o f a c i l i t a t e d e s i g n a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n . M e a n w h i l e , o n e e n v i r o n m e n t a l f r i e n d l y l a v a t o r y w i t h a f l o o r a r e a o f 2 0 m 2 w i l l b e p r o v i d e d i n t h e t e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a n d l i v i n g q u a r t e r , a n d o n e s i m p l e l a v a t o r y w i t h f l o o r a r e a o f 6 m 2 b e p r o v i d e d i n t h e c o n c e n t r a t e d c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e . F e c e s f r o m t h e l a v a t o r i e s w i l l b e u s e d a s m a n u r e a f t e r b e i n g d i s i n f e c t e d w i t h l i m e . W h e n t h e p r o j e c t i s c o m p l e t e d , t h e s e w a g e r e c e i v i n g t a n k s a n d l a v a t o r i e s w i l l b e d i s m a n t l e d , b e b a c k f i l l e d w i t h t h e e x c a v a t e d e a r t h a f t e r t h e c o n c r e t e a n d g r a v e l b e i n g d e l i v e r e d t o t h e p e r m a n e n t d u m p i n g a r e a , a n d b e l e v e l e d a n d c o m p a c t e d . T u o k e x u n C o u n t y A l a g o u M a i n D i v e r s i o n C a n a l W o r k s A l a g o u M a i n D i v e r s i o n C a n a l W o r k s D o m e s t i c g a r b a g e D o m e s t i c g a r b a g e w i l l b e p r o d u c e d m a i n l y i n t h e t e m p o r a r y l i v i n g q u a r t e r . T h e d o m e s t i c g a r b a g e y i e l d w i l l b e 0 . 1 7 t d a i l y , a n d t h e t o t a l d o m e s t i c g a r b a g e y i e l d d u r i n g t h e w h o l e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d w i l l b e a b o u t 3 8 . 8 t . O n e m o v a b l e g a r b a g e c o l l e c t o r w i l l b e a r r a n g e d i n t h e t e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a n d l i v i n g q u a r t e r , a n d o n e t e m p o r a r y g a r b a g e c o l l e c t i n g t a n k a t e a c h m a i n c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e . T h e d o m e s t i c g a r b a g e w i l l b e c l e a r e d o n c e e v e r y t h r e e d a y s a n d b e t r a n s p o r t e d t o T u o k e x u n C o u n t y w a s t e y a r d . C o n s t r u c t o r E n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n b u r e a u s o f T u o k e x u n C o u n t y a n d T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e , X i n j i a n g E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n D e p a r t m e n t Page 312 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 3 1 1 L o c a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t T u o k e x u n C o u n t y S o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n S o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n S a l i e n t s t r u c t u r e s a r e a ( c a n a l w o r k s a r e a a n d f l o o d p r o t e c t i o n d y k e a r e a ) A . T h e e x c a v a t e d m a t e r i a l s w i l l b e p i l e d i n a c o n c e n t r a t e d w a y o n o n e s i d e o f t h e e x c a v a t e d s e c t i o n w i t h i n t h e m a n a g e d s c o p e . T h e e a r t h w i l l b e p i l e d i n t r a p e z o i d a l b e n c h . T h e s l o p e r a t i o a n d h e i g h t f o r e a r t h p i l i n g f o r t h e c a n a l a r e 1 : 1 . 5 a n d n o t o v e r 1 . 4 m , r e s p e c t i v e l y , a n d t h o s e f o r t h e f l o o d - p r e v e n t i o n d y k e a r e 1 : 1 a n d n o t o v e r 3 . 0 m , r e s p e c t i v e l y . T h e t e m p o r a r y s p o i l p i l e d w i l l b e c o v e r e d w i t h g e o m e m b r a n e d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d , a n d w a t e r i n g a n d o t h e r t e m p o r a r y p r o t e c t i v e m e a s u r e s w i l l b e t a k e n f o r t h e d i s t u r b e d g r o u n d s u r f a c e i n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a . T h e s l a s h o f t e m p o r a r y d u m p i n g a r e a a n d t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a w i l l b e l e v e l e d a n d c o v e r e d w i t h g r a v e l . B . V e g e t a t i o n m e a s u r e s : N o t a p p l i c a b l e C . T e m p o r a r y e n g i n e e r i n g m e a s u r e s C o n s t r u c t i o n i n s t r o n g w i n d d a y o r r a i n i n g d a y w i l l b e m i n i m i z e d . T e m p o r a r y e a r t h p i l i n g w i l l b e m a d e i n a c o n c e n t r a t e d w a y , s p r i n k l e d w i t h d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d c o v e r e d w i t h g e o m e m b r a n e . C o n s t r u c t i o n a c c e s s a r e a : T e m p o r a r y e n g i n e e r i n g m e a s u r e s : D u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d , t h e t e m p o r a r y c o n s t r u c t i o n r o a d s i n t h e p r o j e c t a r e a w i l l b e w a t e r e d f r e q u e n t l y o n t h e p a v e m e n t , a n d t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n v e h i c l e s a r e p r o h i b i t e d t o r o l l t h e i r p e r i p h e r a l l a n d . T e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a n d l i v i n g q u a r t e r f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n : T h e t e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a n d l i v i n g q u a r t e r i n c l u d e s t e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a r e a a n d t e m p o r a r y l i v i n g a r e a , m a i n l y r e f e r r i n g t o m a t e r i a l p i l i n g a r e a , t e m p o r a r y h o u s i n g , c o n c r e t e b a t c h i n g p l a n t , s t o r a g e a r e a , a n d s o o n . T h e q u a r t e r w i l l b e w a t e r e d t o r e d u c e t h e d u s t a t t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e . T h e p o l l u t a n t s ( r e f u s e a n d f u e l ) w i l l b e c l e a r e d o r b u r i e d a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n , a n d t h e C o n s t r u c t o r n e e d s t o r e m o v e a l l t h e s u r f a c e s t r u c t u r e s a n d w a s t e s a n d t r a n s p o r t t h e m t o t h e d u m p i n g a r e a . S i n c e t h e o r i g i n a l g r o u n d s u r f a c e o f t h e t e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a n d l i v i n g q u a r t e r i s c o v e r e d w i t h g r a v e l , i t w i l l b e b a s i c a l l y f r e e o f w i n d e r o s i o n t h r o u g h t r e a t m e n t a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n . T h e e n g i n e e r i n g m e a s u r e s a b o v e m e n t i o n e d a r e n e w l y a d d e d f o r s o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n . Q u a r r y a r e a A . C o b b l e q u a r r y a r e a : C o b b l e q u a r r y a r e a i s i n t h e r i v e r b e d , s o i t ’ s d i f f i c u l t t o t a k e e n g i n e e r i n g m e a s u r e s a n d v e g e t a t i o n m e a s u r e s . T h e c o l l e c t i o n o f c o b b l e s s h o u l d m i n i m i z e t h e d i s t u r b a n c e t o t h e r i v e r b e d , a n d i t ’ s r e q u i r e d t o c o l l e c t o n l y t h e c o b b l e s t h a t a r e o n t h e t o p o f t h e r i v e r b e d a n d m o v e f r o m t h e u p p e r r e a c h e s i n f l o o d s e a s o n . N o e x p o s a l o f r i v e r b e d i s t h e c r i t e r i o n f o r c o b b l e c o l l e c t i o n . S i n c e t h e p i l i n g o f b i g c o b b l e s o n t h e r i v e r b e d c a n p l a y a r o l e o f a n t i - s c o u r i n g t o s o m e e x t e n t , a t t e n t i o n s h o u l d b e p a i d o n t h e p r o t e c t i o n o f r i v e r b e d i n c o b b l e c o l l e c t i o n . B . C o n c r e t e a g g r e g a t e q u a r r y a r e a : I t ’ s p r o p o s e d t o b a c k f i l l t h e q u a r r y i n g p i t o f t h e q u a r r y w i t h t h e n e a r b y d i s c a r d s f r o m t h e s c r e e n i n g a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e s a l i e n t w o r k s , a n d l e v e l a n d c o m p a c t t h e p i t m e c h a n i c a l l y . D u m p i n g a r e a : T h e t e m p o r a r y d u m p i n g a r e a s w i l l b e l o c a t e d w i t h i n 3 m a w a y f r o m e a c h e x c a v a t i o n f a c e t o p i l e u p t h e e x c a v a t e d m a t e r i a l s f r o m t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d p r o d u c t i o n i n a f o r m o f t r a p e z o i d a l b e n c h . T h e w a s t e e a r t h w i l l b e p i l e d a c c o r d i n g t o i t s a m o u n t a n d p i l i n g m o d e , a n d t h e l a n d i t o c c u p i e s i s m o s t l y o f G o b i . A f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n , t h e l a n d s u r f a c e w i l l b e p r o t e c t e d t h r o u g h c o v e r i n g w i t h g r a v e l . F o r t h e p u r p o s e o f s o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n , e n g i n e e r i n g m e a s u r e s o f w a t e r i n g a n d c o v e r i n g t h e s u r f a c e o f t h e p i l e d e a r t h w i t h d u s t - p r e v e n t i o n n e t t e m p o r a r i l y i n s t r o n g w i n d d a y s w i l l b e a d o p t e d . T h e p e r m a n e n t s p o i l w i l l b e t r a n s p o r t e d t o t h e p e r m a n e n t d u m p i n g a r e a a n d p i l e d i n a c o n c e n t r a t e d w a y w h e n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n i s c o m p l e t e d , a n d t h e s p o i l s u r f a c e w i l l b e c o v e r e d w i t h g r a v e l s o a s t o r e d u c e w i n d e r o s i o n . C o n s t r u c t o r W a t e r r e s o u r c e s b u r e a u s o f T u o k e x u n C o u n t y a n d T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e , X i n j i a n g W a t e r R e s o u r c e s D e p a r t m e n t U n i t q u a l i f i e d f o r s o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n m o n i t o r i n g Page 313 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 3 1 2 L o c a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t D o m e s t i c s e w a g e T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l f o r E r t a n g B r a n c h C a n a l S e e p a g e C o n t r o l U p g r a d i n g W o r k s w i l l s t a y i n t h e r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a n e a r b y , s o t h e d o m e s t i c s e w a g e p r o d u c e d w i l l b e c o l l e c t e d a n d t r e a t e d i n a u n i f i e d w a y i n t h e r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a , n o a d d i t i o n a l t r e a t m e n t m e a s u r e w i l l b e t a k e n . D o m e s t i c g a r b a g e T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l f o r E r t a n g B r a n c h C a n a l S e e p a g e C o n t r o l U p g r a d i n g W o r k s w i l l s t a y i n t h e r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a n e a r b y , s o t h e d o m e s t i c g a r b a g e p r o d u c e d w i l l b e c o l l e c t e d a n d t r e a t e d i n a u n i f i e d w a y i n t h e r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a , n o a d d i t i o n a l t r e a t m e n t m e a s u r e w i l l b e t a k e n . C o n s t r u c t o r E n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n b u r e a u s o f S h a n s h a n C o u n t y a n d T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e , X i n j i a n g E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n D e p a r t m e n t S h a n s h a n C o u n t y E r t a n g B r a n c h C a n a l S e e p a g e C o n t r o l U p g r a d i n g W o r k s S o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n S a l i e n t s t r u c t u r e s a r e a : D u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d , t h e t e m p o r a r i l y p i l e d m a t e r i a l s w i l l b e c o v e r e d w i t h c o l o r s t r i p e d f a b r i c , a n d w a t e r i n g a n d o t h e r t e m p o r a r y p r o t e c t i v e m e a s u r e s w i l l b e t a k e n f o r t h e d i s t u r b e d g r o u n d s u r f a c e i n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a . A f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n , t h e s l a s h o f t e m p o r a r y d u m p i n g a r e a a n d t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a w i l l b e l e v e l e d . C o n s t r u c t i o n i n s t r o n g w i n d d a y o r r a i n i n g d a y w i l l b e m i n i m i z e d . I t ’ s f o r b i d d e n t o e x c a v a t e a n d p i l e m a t e r i a l s a n d h a r d e n t h e g r o u n d a t d i s c r e t i o n i n c o n s t r u c t i o n t o m i n i m i z e d a m a g e t o t h e o r i g i n a l g r o u n d . R a t i o n a l m e a s u r e s s h o u l d b e t a k e n t o p r o t e c t t h e s o i l a n d w a t e r r e s o u r c e s . T h e e x c a v a t e d e a r t h s h o u l d b e u t i l i z e d a s f a r a s p o s s i b l e , a n d t e m p o r a r y p r o t e c t i v e m e a s u r e s s h o u l d b e t a k e n f o r t h e e a r t h i n t h e p e r i o d o f b e i n g p i l e d b e f o r e t h e u t i l i z a t i o n . I t ’ s p r o h i b i t e d t o d u m p a n d p i l e t h e w a s t e e a r t h a n d o t h e r s o l i d w a s t e s a t G o b i a n d o t h e r a r e a s n o t f o r t h i s p u r p o s e , a n d t h o s e w a s t e s m u s t b e c l e a r e d a n d t r a n s p o r t e d t o t h e s p e c i f i c a l l y d e s i g n e d s t o r a g e a r e a a n d p i l e d i n a c o n c e n t r a t e d w a y . C o v e r i n g a n d r e t a i n i n g m e a s u r e s s h o u l d a l s o b e t a k e n f o r t h e t e m p o r a r y s t o r a g e a r e a . E f f e c t i v e m e a s u r e s s h o u l d b e t a k e n t o c o n t r o l a n d p r e v e n t l a n d s l i d e a n d o t h e r s o i l e r o s i o n d i s a s t e r s c a u s e d b y t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n . T h e a r e a s h o u l d b e c l e a r e d a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n . Q u a r r y a r e a : C o b b l e q u a r r y a r e a i s i n t h e r i v e r b e d , s o i t ’ s d i f f i c u l t t o t a k e e n g i n e e r i n g m e a s u r e s a n d v e g e t a t i o n m e a s u r e s . T h e c o l l e c t i o n o f c o b b l e s s h o u l d m i n i m i z e t h e d i s t u r b a n c e t o t h e r i v e r b e d , a n d i t ’ s r e q u i r e d t o c o l l e c t o n l y t h e c o b b l e s t h a t a r e o n t h e t o p o f t h e r i v e r b e d a n d m o v e f r o m t h e u p p e r r e a c h e s i n f l o o d s e a s o n . N o e x p o s a l o f r i v e r b e d i s t h e c r i t e r i o n f o r c o b b l e c o l l e c t i o n . A c c e s s r o a d a r e a : T h e s a l i e n t w o r k s h a v e v e r y c o n v e n i e n t a c c e s s c o n d i t i o n s . N a t u r a l g r a d i e n t w i l l b e a d o p t e d f o r t h e o n s i t e a c c e s s r o a d b a s e d o n t h e t o p o g r a p h i c v a r i a t i o n , a n d t h e l a n d w i l l b e l e v e l e d . T h e s a l i e n t s t r u c t u r e s c o n f o r m t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f s o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n . T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n r o a d w i l l b e s p r i n k l e d w i t h w a t e r d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d t o a v o i d d u s t . D u m p i n g a r e a : I n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e d e m a n d s o f c a n a l w o r k s , t h e d u m p i n g a r e a s w i l l b e l o c a t e d w i t h i n 2 . 5 m a w a y f r o m e a c h e x c a v a t i o n f a c e t o p i l e u p t h e e x c a v a t e d m a t e r i a l s f r o m t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d p r o d u c t i o n . T h e t e m p o r a r i l y p i l e d m a t e r i a l s w i l l b e c o v e r e d w i t h c o l o r s t r i p e d f a b r i c a n d b e w a t e r e d . T h e w a s t e e a r t h w i l l b e p i l e d a c c o r d i n g t o i t s a m o u n t a n d p i l i n g m o d e , a n d t h e l a n d i t o c c u p i e s i s m o s t l y o f G o b i . A f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n , t h e l a n d s u r f a c e w i l l b e p r o t e c t e d t h r o u g h c o v e r i n g w i t h g r a v e l . T e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a n d l i v i n g q u a r t e r : I t w i l l b e w a t e r e d t o r e d u c e t h e d u s t a t t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e . T h e p o l l u t a n t s ( r e f u s e , f u e l , e t c . ) w i l l b e c l e a r e d o r b u r i e d a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n , a n d t h e C o n s t r u c t o r n e e d s t o r e m o v e a l l t h e s u r f a c e s t r u c t u r e s a n d w a s t e s a n d t r a n s p o r t t h e m t o t h e d u m p i n g a r e a . S i n c e t h e o r i g i n a l g r o u n d s u r f a c e o f t h e t e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a n d l i v i n g q u a r t e r i s c o v e r e d w i t h g r a v e l , i t w i l l b e b a s i c a l l y f r e e o f w i n d e r o s i o n t h r o u g h t r e a t m e n t a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n . C o n s t r u c t o r W a t e r r e s o u r c e s b u r e a u s o f S h a n s h a n C o u n t y a n d T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e , X i n j i a n g W a t e r R e s o u r c e s D e p a r t m e n t U n i t q u a l i f i e d f o r s o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n m o n i t o r i n g Page 314 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 313 6.3 Water saving irrigation works 6.3.1 Mitigation measures at design stage Following measures should be taken at design stage to mitigate the environmental impact of project construction: The designer should consider all the factors comprehensively, divide the permanent land use plan into more details according to the design of the surroundings, and utilize the land rationally. In the design, the temporary dumping areas for the construction period and the permanent dumping areas after the construction should be arranged reasonably based on the specific conditions of various construction zones, and flood-control tailing hold works and sewage-control tailing hold works should be arranged to control the spoil in a concentrated way and minimize the impact of spoil piling on environment. Soil and water conservation plan should be prepared well. The general layout should fully consider not only the type, mode and impacting degree of soil erosion and water loss caused by the project construction, but also the master plan of the management area for the operation period of the project. Great attention should be attached in design on the public health during the construction period. The dwelling conditions in the temporary living quarter should not be too simple, crude and crowded, and the area with good surroundings should be selected as the living quarter for the construction personnel to prevent the introduction and spreading of epidemic diseases. The construction of the works will cause great noise, so the designer should take reasonable sound insulation and noise reduction measures as required so as to mitigate the impact of construction noise on site construction personnel. Find out the opinions and comments on environmental problems and impacts of the public and all walks of life to be impacted through public participation before, during and after the project development so as to improve the design. 6.3.2 Mitigation measures during construction period (1) Water environment Production wastewater Specific measures: Production wastewater will be mainly from concrete batching and curing and cleaning and maintenance of transport vehicles and other machinery. Since the construction sites are dispersed, the wastewater from concrete batching and curing is difficult to collect and will be fully consumed through evaporation. Only minor repair and maintenance will be conducted for the mechanical equipment at the site, so the production wastewater is mainly from washing of the batching system which is small in quantity and will be fully consumed through natural evaporation and seepage. Therefore, no mitigation measure will be taken for the production wastewater. Page 315 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 314 Domestic sewage Special measures: A. Turpan City Water-Saving Irrigation Works a. The daily domestic sewage discharge will be 16.2m 3 /d (2.31m 3 /d by 7 living quarters) during peak construction period. In accordance with the construction production layout and due to the short construction period of the project, limited domestic sewage discharge and strong evaporation in the project area, it ’s decided that the domestic sewage will be collected in the temporary sewage receiving tank and be consumed through natural evaporation and seepage. Seven tanks are arranged, one for each living quarter. The tank is designed to accommodate 3-day sewage discharge and will have a design capacity of 6.94m 3 and a size of 2m ´ 2m ´ 2m (L ´ W ´ D). b. Seven latrines of brick and concrete structure with a floor area of 6m 2 will be built, one in each living quarter. After the construction, the sewage receiving tanks and latrines will be cleared, disinfected and buried. B. Tuokexun County Water-Saving Irrigation Works a. The construction personnel will stay in the residents’ houses around each construction zone, where the existing living facilities can fully meet the demands of the construction personnel. b. Eight simple lavatories (6m 2 each) will be provided at the seven concentrated construction sites and the temporary production area. Feces from the lavatories will be used as manure after being disinfected with lime. When the project is completed, the sewage receiving tanks and lavatories will be dismantled, be backfilled with the excavated earth after the concrete and gravel bedding course being delivered to the permanent dumping area, and be leveled and compacted. C. Shanshan County Water-Saving Irrigation Works The construction personnel for Shanshan County Water-Saving Irrigation Works will stay in the residential area nearby, so the domestic sewage produced will be collected and treated in a unified way in the residential area, no additional treatment measure will be taken. Evaluation on the measures: The above measures can effectively mitigate the adverse environmental impact of domestic sewage in the construction period. (2) Ambient air Specific measures: Construction personnel will be protected for health care, for example, wearing gauze masks and wind glasses; Cement, lime and other powder materials should be canned or bagged. Transportation in bulk is forbidden so as to prevent dust along the transportation route; cover the piled materials with tarpaulin in rain and strong wind days; Page 316 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 315 Strictly regulate the traveling route of the transportation machinery during the construction period; often sprinkle water for curing during the construction period to reduce dust. Water 2-3 times per day or more often in strong wind event; Avoid earth excavation and backfill under strong wind weather. Evaluation on the measures: The above measures can minimize the impact of atmospheric environment contamination on the construction personnel during the construction period. (3) Acoustic environment Specific measures: Prepare the construction planning well to locate strong noise sources far away from the living quarter of construction personnel, and control the noise of excavators, mixing machines and other equipment within 55dB(A). In accordance with the Noise Limits for Construction Site (GB12523-90), the working hours of the people working with mixing machines, bulldozers, excavators and under other highly noisy environment should be controlled as per the labor protection regulations and be offered with anti-noise articles so as to alleviate injury to construction personnel ’s health caused by noise. Evaluation on the measures: The above measures can minimize the impact of noise on the construction personnel during the construction period. (4) Solid waste Engineering spoil Special measures: A. Turpan City Water-Saving Irrigation Works Do a good job in design and construction planning, use the spoil produced in construction as filling materials or backfill materials on the spot as much as possible to reduce the amount of waste, and the remaining spoil will be transported to the permanent dumping area, which is located at Gobi close to Yaer Township project area and the desilting tank of Aidinghu Township project area and will be used to pile the spoil with the existing depression. B. Tuokexun County Water-Saving Irrigation Works The agricultural water-saving irrigation works involve much earth cut, mainly caused by desilting tank, pipe chases, control gates and anchorage blocks. The earth cut amounts to 507300m 3 , of which 492,800m 3 to be used for backfill and 14500m 3 as refuse. Mostly of the earth from pipe chase excavation will be used for backfill. The pipework will produce 8600m 3 of spoil, which can be built into a pipe dyke along the pipeline. The dyke will be 0.6m wide on the bottom, 0.15m high and 1:1.3 in slope ratio. The spoil from pipework can be fully utilized on the spot. The anchorage blocks will be precast and cause 1500m 3 of spoil, which can be used to build the pipe dyke since the anchorage blocks are arranged along the pipeline. When the desilting tank is built, the spoils will be used to level the land around the desilting tank and then be compacted. The land leveling will be 5m wide, 2794m 2 Page 317 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 316 in area, and 0.5m in thickness, using 1400m 3 of spoil, and the remaining 2800m 3 will be delivered to the permanent dumping area. The spoil from building of control gates is quite little, only 200m 3 , and the way to treat it is similar to that for the desilting tank. C. Shanshan County Water-Saving Irrigation Works The solid waste from the construction covers refused earth, sand and stone excavated, and refused bricks. The refused earth produced in the earth excavation is quite little because the earth is used for backfill while being excavated in the process of pipeline laying and the rest is blocked up along the pipeline to build into a pipe dyke, thus excavation and backfill are balanced basically. When the rehabilitated pump wells, gate well valves and inspection wells are built, the earth, sand, stone, and refused bricks from the excavation can be used to level the land around the excavation site, then be compacted, and finally be covered with gravel on the surface. Since the surplus earth is of perennial cultivated soil, it can be evenly scattered to farmland again. The earth can be reused although it is waste. Domestic garbage Special measures: A. Turpan City Water-Saving Irrigation Works a. Provide seven movable garbage collectors, one in each living quarter, publicize the hygiene knowledge to the construction personnel, and nurture their habit of putting garbage into garbage collector. b. Rent one refuse truck every week during the construction period to collect, clear and transport the garbage in time, and treat the garbage together with that from the local residents. B. Tuokexun County Water-Saving Irrigation Works The peak domestic garbage yield will be 0.36t daily, and the total domestic garbage yield during the whole construction period will be about 106t. Since the construction personnel will stay in the residents ’ houses around each construction zone, the existing living facilities can be utilized. However, one movable garbage collector needs to be arranged at the seven main construction sites and the temporary production area separately. The domestic garbage will be transported to Tuokexun County wasteyard for treatment. C. Shanshan County Water-Saving Irrigation Works The construction personnel for Shanshan County Water-Saving Irrigation Works will stay in the residential area nearby, so the domestic garbage produced will be collected and treated in a unified way in the residential area, no additional treatment measure will be taken. Evaluation on the measures: The above measures can lower the impact of solid waste in construction on the surroundings to a degree within environmental endurance. (5) Ecological environment Specific measures: Page 318 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 317 Strengthen the propaganda of the Environmental Protection Law and the Soil and Water Conservation Law, intensify the construction personnel ’s sense of environmental protection, standardize their behavior in construction, and strictly prohibit them from rolling and damaging soil and vegetation at discretion; Strictly designate the traveling route of vehicles and other construction machinery, mark clearly the area of construction activities at the site, and set warning signs on both sides of the construction access. Evaluation on the measures: The above measures can effectively protect the ecological environment around the project area. (6) Soil and water conservation measures Special measures: Turpan City Water-Saving Irrigation Works A. Diversion gate, desilting tank, management room and gate valve well works area It mainly includes diversion gate, diversion canal, desilting tank, concentrated surface water treatment station, pump room, management room, gate valve well and other structures, and occupies 10.88hm 2 of land, of which 0.0425hm 2 for the diversion gate and diversion canal, 1.18hm 2 for the desilting tank, 0.35m 2 for the management room and pump room, and 9.31hm 2 for the gate valve well. All the construction of the diversion gate, desilting tank, management room and gate valve well will be concentrated during the period from October to November of 2009, so the strong wind season lasting from every March to April will be avoided. The earth excavation will be done with 1m 3 excavator, accompanied by 15t dump truck for transport. A means of consecutive excavation, loading and transport is adopted. The excavated earth for backfill will be directly transported by dump truck to the place to be backfilled. If the place cannot be backfilled for the moment, the backfilling material will be piled beside the place in a concentrated way and be subject to temporary watering and hardening treatment. The earth not for backfill will be directly transported to the permanent dumping area. B. Pipeline works area The pipeline works area includes the main diversion pipe and field pipeline network works and occupies 50.11hm 2 of land. The main diversion pipe is 7580m and occupies 2.57hm 2 of land in total, and the field pipeline totals 453.867km long and occupies 47.54hm 3 of land. The excavated materials will be piled up in a concentrated way on one side of the excavated section within the managed scope. The earth will be piled in trapezoidal bench with a slope ratio of 1:1. The temporary piling height of the excavated materials for the main diversion pipe is controlled at 2.0m because it is in Gobi, and that for the field pipeline is controlled at 1.0m because it is in oasis farmland. The temporary spoil from the main diversion pipe can be watered and temporarily hardened with the water from canal, and that from the field pipeline can be compacted solidly with manpower for an earth layer of 5cm thick on the windward side. The slash of temporary dumping area and the construction area will be leveled after the construction. Page 319 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 318 C. Access road area Access road area includes maintenance road (7.58km long) and temporary construction road (22km long) and occupies 13.20hm 2 of land, of which 2.27 hm 2 for the maintenance road and 10.93hm 2 for the temporary construction road. The land for the maintenance road and temporary construction road will be leveled, and the earth produced therefrom should be stored concentratedly and be treated with corresponding temporary watering and protective measures. In accordance with the construction requirements, the earth from roadbed excavation should be transported to the place to be backfilled for roadbed, thus the soil erosion due to temporary earth piling can be reduced. Water sprinkling against dust will be carried out during the construction period. D. Dumping area In line with the characteristics and procedures of site construction, a large amount of spoil produced in the construction can be reused and needs to be stored temporaries. Therefore, a temporary dumping area needs to be built, mainly for the diversion gate, desilting tank, main diversion pipe, field pipeline and gate valve well works area, and it will occupy 99.38hm 2 of land. a. Permanent dumping area In accordance with the master plan of the project, two permanent dumping areas are arranged to meet the demands of production, located in Gobi close to Yaer Township project area and desilting tank in Aidinghu Township project area, respectively. The two areas will occupy 1.47hm 2 of land. The permanent dumping area will mainly accommodate the spoil from the diversion gate and the desilting tank. The dumping area is situated 200m away from the diversion gate and desilting tank and is close to the original canal, so it ’s convenient for water use and can be watered more during the construction period so as to lessen soil erosion. Cobbles and rock blocks with a diameter greater than 5cm will be picked out from the spoil pile nearby by manpower during the construction period and be transported to the permanent dumping area by 5t dump truck when the construction is completed to cover over the top and slope corners of the dumping area. The gravel coverage will be 10cm thick, and it will be spread and leveled with manpower and be compacted with 8-10t mechanically driven smooth wheel road roller. b. Temporary dumping area In line with the characteristics and procedures of site construction, a large amount of spoil produced in the construction can be reused and needs to be stored temporaries. Therefore, a temporary dumping area needs to be built, mainly for the diversion gate, desilting tank, main diversion pipe, field pipeline and gate valve well works area, and it will occupy 99.38hm 2 of land. Temporary dumping area for diversion gate and desilting tank Page 320 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 319 The temporary dumping area for the diversion gate and desilting tank is located 50m away from the construction side and is close to the original canal, so it ’s convenient for water use and can be watered more during the construction period so as to lessen soil erosion. Temporary dumping area for main diversion pipe The temporary dumping area for the main surface water diversion pipe is arranged by the pipe. It is 0.5m away from the pipe duct and between the canal and the pipe, so its surface can be sprinkled with water pumped from the canal during the construction period so as to lessen soil erosion. Temporary dumping area for gate valve well The gate valve well works area is on the boundary of the existing farmland, and currently the farmland, roads and shelterbelt are arranged in order and reasonably and have the function of soil and water conservation to some extent. All the temporary dumping areas for the gate valve wells are located beside the corresponding gate valve well. The windward side of the temporary spoil pile will be compacted solidly with manpower for a thickness of 5cm during the construction period. The temporary land occupied for the works do not have vegetation except the field pipeline network area, where the main vegetation is field weeds. The construction is scheduled from October to November, when the crops will have been reaped and the weeds will be withered and yellow. When excavating the pipe duct, top mellow soil of 30~50cm thick with grass roots and seeds will be took off and piled on the lowermost of the temporary spoil, and when backfilling the pipe duct after the pipes are installed, it will be put on the uppermost. Thus the vegetation will be resumed naturally in the next year. Temporary dumping area for field pipeline network The field pipeline network is in the existing farmland without exception, and currently the farmland, roads and shelterbelt are arranged in order and reasonably and have the function of soil and water conservation to some extent. All the temporary dumping areas for the field pipeline network are located along the network. The windward side of the temporary spoil pile will be compacted solidly with manpower for a thickness of 5cm during the construction period. The construction is scheduled from October to November, when the crops will have been reaped and the weeds will be withered and yellow. When excavating the pipe duct, top mellow soil of 30~50cm thick with grass roots and seeds will be took off and piled on the lowermost of the temporary spoil, and when backfilling the pipe duct after the pipes are installed, it will be put on the uppermost. Thus the vegetation will be resumed naturally in the next year. E. Temporary production and living quarter The temporary production and living quarter includes temporary production area and temporary living area. The temporary production area covers the places for concrete batching system, aggregate processing system, equipment repairing workshop, rebar processing workshop, wood workshop, parking lot, construction equipment warehouse, consumption goods warehouse, cement storage, fuel storage, and so on. The temporary living area covers the places for office, dormitory, work shed, temporary piling and transfer areas, and so on and will occupy 0.38hm 2 of land. Page 321 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 320 The temporary production and living quarter will be watered to reduce the dust at the construction site. The pollutants (refuse and fuel) will be cleared or buried after the construction, and the Constructor needs to remove all the surface structures and wastes and transport them to the dumping area. Since the original ground surface of the temporary production and living quarter is covered with gravel, it will be basically free of wind erosion through leveling of the temporarily occupied land (0.38 hm 2 ) after the construction. The engineering measures above mentioned are newly added for soil and water conservation. Tuokexun County Water-Saving Irrigation Works A. Field pipeline control area The pipeline control area covers the gate valve well and field pipeline network works. The excavated materials will be piled up in a concentrated way on one side of the pipe duct in trapezoidal bench with a slope ratio of 1:1 and a height controlled at 1.0m. The temporarily piled materials will be covered with geomembrane. When the construction is completed, the construction slash of 227.45 hm 2 will be leveled. B. Off-site works control area The off-site works control area covers sedimentation tank, pump room and management room. The excavated materials will be piled up in a concentrated way on the outer side of the structure in trapezoidal bench with a slope ratio of 1:1.0 and a height controlled at 1.0m, and the temporary protective measure of compacting solidly with manpower will be adopted. The slash of temporary piling area (4.89hm 2 ) will be leveled after the construction. C. Temporary construction road control area Temporary construction roads will consist of the existing tractor roads and the newly built construction road. The newly built one will be 6km long and be along the off-site main diversion pipe. This scheme mainly aims at the temporary protection of the newly built construction road, namely, taking temporary protective measure of watering during the construction period and leveling the site (2.40hm 2 ) after the construction. D. Temporary production and living control area The temporary production and living quarter includes temporary production area and temporary living area. The temporary production area covers the places for concrete batching system, aggregate processing system, equipment repairing workshop, rebar processing workshop, wood workshop, parking lot, construction equipment warehouse, consumption goods warehouse, cement storage, fuel storage, and so on. The temporary living area covers the places for office, dormitory, work shed, temporary piling and transfer areas, and so on. The temporary production and living quarter will be watered to reduce the dust at the construction site. The pollutants (refuse and fuel) will be cleared or buried after the construction, and the Constructor needs to remove all the surface structures and wastes and transport them to the dumping area. Since the original ground surface of the temporary production and living quarter is covered with gravel, the temporarily occupied land (0.70 hm 2 ) will be leveled after the construction. Page 322 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 321 E. Preventive management measures To reduce the soil erosion in construction, management of various construction stages should be intensified besides the specific engineering measures. a. The temporarily stored earth to be transferred and utilized should be piled into bench and compacted solidly on the surface to avoid wind erosion. In addition, the Constructor should arrange the construction procedures rationally to minimize the time of temporary storage of earth. b. Plan the range of construction activities during the construction period, and arrange the existing traffic at the sections with quite strong wind erosion, specially assign person to strictly control and manage the traveling route of transport vehicles and heavy machinery to prevent damage to ground surface and vegetation and the soil erosion arising thereof. c. Set up warning boards for vegetation protection at the passageway of service roads to remind the construction personnel and operators. d. No construction in strong wind or rainstorm weather, especially the excavation and backfill of pipe ducts. e. Strictly prohibit the pile and place the construction materials in disorder to prevent enlarging the damage to ecological environment. Shanshan County Water-Saving Irrigation Works Its construction area consists of 9 construction zones, 15 subzones and 60 control areas for the control of soil erosion and water loss. In accordance with the existing status of soil erosion in the project area and the analysis on the soil erosion caused by the project construction, and due to the fact that the control areas and the corresponding construction method and content are the same for the various construction zones, the soil erosion control system is designed only for the four control areas of one subzone of one construction zone. The four control areas are the management room control area, pipeline control area, temporary construction road control area, and temporary production and living control area. The major soil and water conservation measures are as below: Management room control area: The excavated materials will be piled up in a concentrated way on one side in trapezoidal bench with a slope ratio of 1:1 and a height controlled at 1.0m, and its windward side will be compacted solidly with manpower as a temporary measure. The slash of temporary piling area for the excavated materials will be leveled after the construction. Pipeline control area: The materials from pipeline excavation will be piled up in a concentrated way along one side of the pipeline in trapezoidal bench with a slope ratio of 1:1 and a height controlled at 1.0m, and its windward side will be compacted solidly with manpower as a temporary measure. The slash of temporary piling area for the excavated materials will be leveled after the construction. Page 323 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 322 Temporary construction road control area: The construction roads are mainly in the farmland. They will be temporarily protected through watering during the construction period and can be directly used for re-cultivation when the construction is completed. Temporary production and living control area The temporary production and living quarter includes temporary production area and temporary living area. The temporary production area covers the places for concrete batching system, aggregate processing system, equipment repairing workshop, rebar processing workshop, wood workshop, parking lot, construction equipment warehouse, consumption goods warehouse, cement storage, fuel storage, and so on. The temporary living area covers the places for office, dormitory, work shed, temporary piling and transfer areas, and so on. The temporary production and living quarter will be watered to reduce the dust at the construction site. The pollutants (refuse and fuel) will be cleared or buried after the construction, and the Constructor needs to remove all the surface structures and wastes and transport them to the wasteyard. Since the original of the temporary production and living quarter is covered with gravel, the ground surface will be basically free of wind erosion through treatment of the temporarily occupied land after the construction. The engineering measures above mentioned are newly added for soil and water conservation. (7) Public health Specific measures: Request the local sanitation and antiepidemic authorities to specially assign person to instruct and supervise the sanitary clearance of the construction area; Organize and implement the health and antiepidemic measures before the mobilization of the construction personnel; Do a good job in treating the ordinary personal injuries and diseases; Strengthen publicization, dissemination and education of health knowledge, and instruct the construction personnel to form good living habits; Eliminate the epidemic outbreak; Earnestly protect the safety of the construction personnel during the construction period to avoid industrial injury. Evaluation on the measures: In case proper sanitary and epidemic prevention measures are taken, the public health of the construction personnel will not be affected. 6.3.3 Mitigation measures during operation period From analysis in Chapter 5 of the environmental impacts of water-saving irrigation subprojects, it can be seen that increase of agricultural chemical uses may cause adverse impacts on environment and form the main environmental impact during the subproject operation period. Page 324 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 323 To address such adverse impacts, a Pest Management Plan has been prepared for the Project, and the following measures are proposed to prevent increase of agricultural chemical uses during project operation period, so as to prevent adverse impacts on the regional environment. The proposed measures are: to combine use of pestcides with agricultural, physical and biological pest control methods in the project operation period; strictly follow safety, economy and effectiveness principles in using pesticides; the Prefecture PMO should contact the county/city plant protection stations for their recommendations on high effectivenss and low toxin pesticides. Page 325 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 3 2 4 S u m m a r y o f G e n e r a l M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s a g a i n s t E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t s o f W a t e r S a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n W o r k s T a b l e 6 . 3 - 1 4 T y p e P e r i o d E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t D e s i g n s t a g e T h e d e s i g n e r s h o u l d c o n s i d e r a l l t h e f a c t o r s c o m p r e h e n s i v e l y , d i v i d e t h e p e r m a n e n t l a n d u s e p l a n i n t o m o r e d e t a i l s a c c o r d i n g t o t h e d e s i g n o f t h e s u r r o u n d i n g s , a n d u t i l i z e t h e l a n d r a t i o n a l l y . I n t h e d e s i g n , t h e t e m p o r a r y d u m p i n g a r e a s f o r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d t h e p e r m a n e n t d u m p i n g a r e a s a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n s h o u l d b e a r r a n g e d r e a s o n a b l y b a s e d o n t h e s p e c i f i c c o n d i t i o n s o f v a r i o u s c o n s t r u c t i o n z o n e s , a n d f l o o d - c o n t r o l t a i l i n g h o l d w o r k s a n d s e w a g e - c o n t r o l t a i l i n g h o l d w o r k s s h o u l d b e a r r a n g e d t o c o n t r o l t h e s p o i l i n a c o n c e n t r a t e d w a y a n d m i n i m i z e t h e i m p a c t o f s p o i l p i l i n g o n e n v i r o n m e n t . S o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n p l a n s h o u l d b e p r e p a r e d w e l l . T h e g e n e r a l l a y o u t s h o u l d f u l l y c o n s i d e r n o t o n l y t h e t y p e , m o d e a n d i m p a c t i n g d e g r e e o f s o i l e r o s i o n a n d w a t e r l o s s c a u s e d b y t h e p r o j e c t c o n s t r u c t i o n , b u t a l s o t h e m a s t e r p l a n o f t h e m a n a g e m e n t a r e a f o r t h e o p e r a t i o n p e r i o d o f t h e p r o j e c t . G r e a t a t t e n t i o n s h o u l d b e a t t a c h e d i n d e s i g n o n t h e p u b l i c h e a l t h d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d . T h e d w e l l i n g c o n d i t i o n s i n t h e t e m p o r a r y l i v i n g q u a r t e r s h o u l d n o t b e t o o s i m p l e , c r u d e a n d c r o w d e d , a n d t h e a r e a w i t h g o o d s u r r o u n d i n g s s h o u l d b e s e l e c t e d a s t h e l i v i n g q u a r t e r f o r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l t o p r e v e n t t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n a n d s p r e a d i n g o f e p i d e m i c d i s e a s e s . T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e w o r k s w i l l c a u s e g r e a t n o i s e , s o t h e d e s i g n e r s h o u l d t a k e r e a s o n a b l e s o u n d i n s u l a t i o n a n d n o i s e r e d u c t i o n m e a s u r e s a s r e q u i r e d s o a s t o m i t i g a t e t h e i m p a c t o f c o n s t r u c t i o n n o i s e o n s i t e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l . F i n d o u t t h e o p i n i o n s a n d c o m m e n t s o n e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o b l e m s a n d i m p a c t s o f t h e p u b l i c a n d a l l w a l k s o f l i f e t o b e i m p a c t e d t h r o u g h p u b l i c p a r t i c i p a t i o n b e f o r e , d u r i n g a n d a f t e r t h e p r o j e c t d e v e l o p m e n t s o a s t o i m p r o v e t h e d e s i g n . D e s i g n e r E n v i r o n m e n t w o r k g r o u p E n v i r o n m e n t a l m a n a g e m e n t o f f i c e s o f T u r p a n C i t y , S h a n s h a n C o u n t y , a n d T u o k e x u n C o u n t y P r o d u c t i o n w a s t e w a t e r P r o d u c t i o n w a s t e w a t e r w i l l b e m a i n l y f r o m c o n c r e t e b a t c h i n g a n d c u r i n g a n d c l e a n i n g a n d m a i n t e n a n c e o f t r a n s p o r t v e h i c l e s a n d o t h e r m a c h i n e r y . S i n c e t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e s a r e d i s p e r s e d , t h e w a s t e w a t e r f r o m c o n c r e t e b a t c h i n g a n d c u r i n g i s d i f f i c u l t t o c o l l e c t a n d w i l l b e f u l l y c o n s u m e d t h r o u g h e v a p o r a t i o n . O n l y m i n o r r e p a i r a n d m a i n t e n a n c e w i l l b e c o n d u c t e d f o r t h e m e c h a n i c a l e q u i p m e n t a t t h e s i t e , s o t h e p r o d u c t i o n w a s t e w a t e r i s m a i n l y f r o m w a s h i n g o f t h e b a t c h i n g s y s t e m w h i c h i s s m a l l i n q u a n t i t y a n d w i l l b e f u l l y c o n s u m e d t h r o u g h n a t u r a l e v a p o r a t i o n a n d s e e p a g e . T h e r e f o r e , n o m i t i g a t i o n m e a s u r e w i l l b e t a k e n f o r t h e p r o d u c t i o n w a s t e w a t e r . A m b i e n t a i r C o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l w i l l b e p r o t e c t e d f o r h e a l t h c a r e , f o r e x a m p l e , w e a r i n g g a u z e m a s k s a n d w i n d g l a s s e s ; C e m e n t , l i m e a n d o t h e r p o w d e r m a t e r i a l s s h o u l d b e c a n n e d o r b a g g e d . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n b u l k i s f o r b i d d e n s o a s t o p r e v e n t d u s t a l o n g t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n r o u t e ; c o v e r t h e p i l e d m a t e r i a l s w i t h t a r p a u l i n i n r a i n a n d s t r o n g w i n d d a y s ; S t r i c t l y r e g u l a t e t h e t r a v e l i n g r o u t e o f t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n m a c h i n e r y d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d ; o f t e n s p r i n k l e w a t e r f o r c u r i n g d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d t o r e d u c e d u s t . W a t e r 2 - 3 t i m e s p e r d a y o r m o r e o f t e n i n s t r o n g w i n d e v e n t ; A v o i d e a r t h e x c a v a t i o n a n d b a c k f i l l u n d e r s t r o n g w i n d w e a t h e r . Water-Saving Irrigation Works C o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d A c o u s t i c e n v i r o n m e n t P r e p a r e t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p l a n n i n g w e l l t o l o c a t e s t r o n g n o i s e s o u r c e s f a r a w a y f r o m t h e l i v i n g q u a r t e r o f c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l , a n d c o n t r o l t h e n o i s e o f e x c a v a t o r s , m i x i n g m a c h i n e s a n d o t h e r e q u i p m e n t w i t h i n 5 5 d B ( A ) . I n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e N o i s e L i m i t s f o r C o n s t r u c t i o n S i t e ( G B 1 2 5 2 3 - 9 0 ) , t h e w o r k i n g h o u r s o f t h e p e o p l e w o r k i n g w i t h m i x i n g m a c h i n e s , b u l l d o z e r s , e x c a v a t o r s a n d u n d e r o t h e r h i g h l y n o i s y e n v i r o n m e n t s h o u l d b e c o n t r o l l e d a s p e r t h e l a b o r p r o t e c t i o n r e g u l a t i o n s a n d b e o f f e r e d w i t h a n t i - n o i s e a r t i c l e s s o a s t o a l l e v i a t e i n j u r y t o c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l ’ s h e a l t h c a u s e d b y n o i s e . C o n s t r u c t o r X i n j i a n g E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n D e p a r t m e n t , e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n b u r e a u s o f T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e , T u r p a n C i t y , S h a n s h a n C o u n t y a n d T u o k e x u n C o u n t y Page 326 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 3 2 5 T y p e P e r i o d E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t E c o l o g i c a l E n v i r o n m e n t S t r e n g t h e n t h e p r o p a g a n d a o f t h e E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n L a w a n d t h e S o i l a n d W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n L a w , i n t e n s i f y t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l ’ s s e n s e o f e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n , s t a n d a r d i z e t h e i r b e h a v i o r i n c o n s t r u c t i o n , a n d s t r i c t l y p r o h i b i t t h e m f r o m r o l l i n g a n d d a m a g i n g s o i l a n d v e g e t a t i o n a t d i s c r e t i o n ; S t r i c t l y d e s i g n a t e t h e t r a v e l i n g r o u t e o f v e h i c l e s a n d o t h e r c o n s t r u c t i o n m a c h i n e r y , m a r k c l e a r l y t h e a r e a o f c o n s t r u c t i o n a c t i v i t i e s a t t h e s i t e , a n d s e t w a r n i n g s i g n s o n b o t h s i d e s o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n a c c e s s . P u b l i c h e a l t h R e q u e s t t h e l o c a l s a n i t a t i o n a n d a n t i e p i d e m i c a u t h o r i t i e s t o s p e c i a l l y a s s i g n p e r s o n t o i n s t r u c t a n d s u p e r v i s e t h e s a n i t a r y c l e a r a n c e o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a ; O r g a n i z e a n d i m p l e m e n t t h e h e a l t h a n d a n t i e p i d e m i c m e a s u r e s b e f o r e t h e m o b i l i z a t i o n o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l ; D o a g o o d j o b i n t r e a t i n g t h e o r d i n a r y p e r s o n a l i n j u r i e s a n d d i s e a s e s ; S t r e n g t h e n p u b l i c i z a t i o n , d i s s e m i n a t i o n a n d e d u c a t i o n o f h e a l t h k n o w l e d g e , a n d i n s t r u c t t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l t o f o r m g o o d l i v i n g h a b i t s ; E l i m i n a t e t h e e p i d e m i c o u t b r e a k ; E a r n e s t l y p r o t e c t t h e s a f e t y o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d t o a v o i d i n d u s t r i a l i n j u r y . Page 327 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 3 2 6 S u m m a r y o f S p e c i a l M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s a g a i n s t E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t s o f W a t e r S a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n W o r k s d u r i n g C o n s t r u c t i o n P e r i o d T a b l e 6 . 3 - 1 5 L o c a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t D o m e s t i c s e w a g e T h e d a i l y d o m e s t i c s e w a g e d i s c h a r g e w i l l b e 1 6 . 2 m 3 / d ( 2 . 3 1 m 3 / d b y 7 l i v i n g q u a r t e r s ) d u r i n g p e a k c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d . I n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o d u c t i o n l a y o u t a n d d u e t o t h e s h o r t c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d o f t h e p r o j e c t , l i m i t e d d o m e s t i c s e w a g e d i s c h a r g e a n d s t r o n g e v a p o r a t i o n i n t h e p r o j e c t a r e a , i t ’ s d e c i d e d t h a t t h e d o m e s t i c s e w a g e w i l l b e c o l l e c t e d i n t h e t e m p o r a r y s e w a g e r e c e i v i n g t a n k a n d b e c o n s u m e d t h r o u g h n a t u r a l e v a p o r a t i o n a n d s e e p a g e . S e v e n t a n k s a r e a r r a n g e d , o n e f o r e a c h l i v i n g q u a r t e r . T h e t a n k i s d e s i g n e d t o a c c o m m o d a t e 3 - d a y s e w a g e d i s c h a r g e a n d w i l l h a v e a d e s i g n c a p a c i t y o f 6 . 9 4 m 3 a n d a s i z e o f 2 m ´ 2 m ´ 2 m ( L ´ W ´ D ) . S e v e n l a t r i n e s o f b r i c k a n d c o n c r e t e s t r u c t u r e w i t h a f l o o r a r e a o f 6 m 2 w i l l b e b u i l t , o n e i n e a c h l i v i n g q u a r t e r . A f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n , t h e s e w a g e r e c e i v i n g t a n k s a n d l a t r i n e s w i l l b e c l e a r e d , d i s i n f e c t e d a n d b u r i e d . E n g i n e e r i n g s p o i l D o a g o o d j o b i n d e s i g n a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n p l a n n i n g , u s e t h e s p o i l p r o d u c e d i n c o n s t r u c t i o n a s f i l l i n g m a t e r i a l s o r b a c k f i l l m a t e r i a l s o n t h e s p o t a s m u c h a s p o s s i b l e t o r e d u c e t h e a m o u n t o f w a s t e , a n d t h e r e m a i n i n g s p o i l w i l l b e t r a n s p o r t e d t o t h e p e r m a n e n t d u m p i n g a r e a , w h i c h i s l o c a t e d a t G o b i c l o s e t o Y a e r T o w n s h i p p r o j e c t a r e a a n d t h e d e s i l t i n g t a n k o f A i d i n g h u T o w n s h i p p r o j e c t a r e a a n d w i l l b e u s e d t o p i l e t h e s p o i l w i t h t h e e x i s t i n g d e p r e s s i o n . T u r p a n C i t y T u r p a n C i t y W a t e r - S a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n W o r k s D o m e s t i c g a r b a g e P r o v i d e s e v e n m o v a b l e g a r b a g e c o l l e c t o r s , o n e i n e a c h l i v i n g q u a r t e r , p u b l i c i z e t h e h y g i e n e k n o w l e d g e t o t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l , a n d n u r t u r e t h e i r h a b i t o f p u t t i n g g a r b a g e i n t o g a r b a g e c o l l e c t o r . R e n t o n e r e f u s e t r u c k e v e r y w e e k d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d t o c o l l e c t , c l e a r a n d t r a n s p o r t t h e g a r b a g e i n t i m e , a n d t r e a t t h e g a r b a g e t o g e t h e r w i t h t h a t f r o m t h e l o c a l r e s i d e n t s . C o n s t r u c t o r T u r p a n C i t y E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u , T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n B u r e a u , X i n j i a n g E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n D e p a r t m e n t Page 328 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 3 2 7 L o c a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t S o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n S o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n D i v e r s i o n g a t e , d e s i l t i n g t a n k , m a n a g e m e n t r o o m a n d g a t e v a l v e w e l l w o r k s a r e a : I t m a i n l y i n c l u d e s d i v e r s i o n g a t e , d i v e r s i o n c a n a l , d e s i l t i n g t a n k , c o n c e n t r a t e d s u r f a c e w a t e r t r e a t m e n t s t a t i o n , p u m p r o o m , m a n a g e m e n t r o o m , g a t e v a l v e w e l l a n d o t h e r s t r u c t u r e s , a n d o c c u p i e s 1 0 . 8 8 h m 2 o f l a n d , o f w h i c h 0 . 0 4 2 5 h m 2 f o r t h e d i v e r s i o n g a t e a n d d i v e r s i o n c a n a l , 1 . 1 8 h m 2 f o r t h e d e s i l t i n g t a n k , 0 . 3 5 m 2 f o r t h e m a n a g e m e n t r o o m a n d p u m p r o o m , a n d 9 . 3 1 h m 2 f o r t h e g a t e v a l v e w e l l . A l l t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e d i v e r s i o n g a t e , d e s i l t i n g t a n k , m a n a g e m e n t r o o m a n d g a t e v a l v e w e l l w i l l b e c o n c e n t r a t e d d u r i n g t h e p e r i o d f r o m O c t o b e r t o N o v e m b e r o f 2 0 0 9 , s o t h e s t r o n g w i n d s e a s o n l a s t i n g f r o m e v e r y M a r c h t o A p r i l w i l l b e a v o i d e d . T h e e a r t h e x c a v a t i o n w i l l b e d o n e w i t h 1 m 3 e x c a v a t o r , a c c o m p a n i e d b y 1 5 t d u m p t r u c k f o r t r a n s p o r t . A m e a n s o f c o n s e c u t i v e e x c a v a t i o n , l o a d i n g a n d t r a n s p o r t i s a d o p t e d . T h e e x c a v a t e d e a r t h f o r b a c k f i l l w i l l b e d i r e c t l y t r a n s p o r t e d b y d u m p t r u c k t o t h e p l a c e t o b e b a c k f i l l e d . I f t h e p l a c e c a n n o t b e b a c k f i l l e d f o r t h e m o m e n t , t h e b a c k f i l l i n g m a t e r i a l w i l l b e p i l e d b e s i d e t h e p l a c e i n a c o n c e n t r a t e d w a y a n d b e s u b j e c t t o t e m p o r a r y w a t e r i n g a n d h a r d e n i n g t r e a t m e n t . T h e e a r t h n o t f o r b a c k f i l l w i l l b e d i r e c t l y t r a n s p o r t e d t o t h e p e r m a n e n t d u m p i n g a r e a . P i p e l i n e w o r k s a r e a : I t i n c l u d e s t h e m a i n d i v e r s i o n p i p e a n d f i e l d p i p e l i n e n e t w o r k w o r k s a n d o c c u p i e s 5 0 . 1 1 h m 2 o f l a n d . T h e m a i n d i v e r s i o n p i p e i s 7 5 8 0 m a n d o c c u p i e s 2 . 5 7 h m 2 o f l a n d i n t o t a l , a n d t h e f i e l d p i p e l i n e t o t a l s 4 5 3 . 8 6 7 k m l o n g a n d o c c u p i e s 4 7 . 5 4 h m 3 o f l a n d T h e e x c a v a t e d m a t e r i a l s w i l l b e p i l e d u p i n a c o n c e n t r a t e d w a y o n o n e s i d e o f t h e e x c a v a t e d s e c t i o n w i t h i n t h e m a n a g e d s c o p e . T h e e a r t h w i l l b e p i l e d i n t r a p e z o i d a l b e n c h w i t h a s l o p e r a t i o o f 1 : 1 . T h e t e m p o r a r y p i l i n g h e i g h t o f t h e e x c a v a t e d m a t e r i a l s f o r t h e m a i n d i v e r s i o n p i p e i s c o n t r o l l e d a t 2 . 0 m b e c a u s e i t i s i n G o b i , a n d t h a t f o r t h e f i e l d p i p e l i n e i s c o n t r o l l e d a t 1 . 0 m b e c a u s e i t i s i n o a s i s f a r m l a n d . T h e t e m p o r a r y s p o i l f r o m t h e m a i n d i v e r s i o n p i p e c a n b e w a t e r e d a n d t e m p o r a r i l y h a r d e n e d w i t h t h e w a t e r f r o m c a n a l , a n d t h a t f r o m t h e f i e l d p i p e l i n e c a n b e c o m p a c t e d s o l i d l y w i t h m a n p o w e r f o r a n e a r t h l a y e r o f 5 c m t h i c k o n t h e w i n d w a r d s i d e . T h e s l a s h o f t e m p o r a r y d u m p i n g a r e a a n d t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a w i l l b e l e v e l e d a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n . A c c e s s r o a d a r e a : A c c e s s r o a d a r e a i n c l u d e s m a i n t e n a n c e r o a d ( 7 . 5 8 k m l o n g ) a n d t e m p o r a r y c o n s t r u c t i o n r o a d ( 2 2 k m l o n g ) a n d o c c u p i e s 1 3 . 2 0 h m 2 o f l a n d , o f w h i c h 2 . 2 7 h m 2 f o r t h e m a i n t e n a n c e r o a d a n d 1 0 . 9 3 h m 2 f o r t h e t e m p o r a r y c o n s t r u c t i o n r o a d . T h e l a n d f o r t h e m a i n t e n a n c e r o a d a n d t e m p o r a r y c o n s t r u c t i o n r o a d w i l l b e l e v e l e d , a n d t h e e a r t h p r o d u c e d t h e r e f r o m s h o u l d b e s t o r e d c o n c e n t r a t e d l y a n d b e t r e a t e d w i t h c o r r e s p o n d i n g t e m p o r a r y w a t e r i n g a n d p r o t e c t i v e m e a s u r e s . I n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s , t h e e a r t h f r o m r o a d b e d e x c a v a t i o n s h o u l d b e t r a n s p o r t e d t o t h e p l a c e t o b e b a c k f i l l e d f o r r o a d b e d , t h u s t h e s o i l e r o s i o n d u e t o t e m p o r a r y e a r t h p i l i n g c a n b e r e d u c e d . W a t e r s p r i n k l i n g a g a i n s t d u s t w i l l b e c a r r i e d o u t d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d . D u m p i n g a r e a : I n l i n e w i t h t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a n d p r o c e d u r e s o f s i t e c o n s t r u c t i o n , a l a r g e a m o u n t o f s p o i l p r o d u c e d i n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n c a n b e r e u s e d a n d n e e d s t o b e s t o r e d t e m p o r a r i e s . T h e r e f o r e , a t e m p o r a r y d u m p i n g a r e a n e e d s t o b e b u i l t , m a i n l y f o r t h e d i v e r s i o n g a t e , d e s i l t i n g t a n k , m a i n d i v e r s i o n p i p e , f i e l d p i p e l i n e a n d g a t e v a l v e w e l l w o r k s a r e a , a n d i t w i l l o c c u p y 9 9 . 3 8 h m 2 o f l a n d . A . P e r m a n e n t d u m p i n g a r e a : I n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e m a s t e r p l a n o f t h e p r o j e c t , t w o p e r m a n e n t d u m p i n g a r e a s a r e a r r a n g e d t o m e e t t h e d e m a n d s o f p r o d u c t i o n , l o c a t e d i n G o b i c l o s e t o Y a e r T o w n s h i p p r o j e c t a r e a a n d d e s i l t i n g t a n k i n A i d i n g h u T o w n s h i p p r o j e c t a r e a , r e s p e c t i v e l y . T h e t w o a r e a s w i l l o c c u p y 1 . 4 7 h m 2 o f l a n d . T h e p e r m a n e n t d u m p i n g a r e a w i l l m a i n l y a c c o m m o d a t e t h e s p o i l f r o m t h e d i v e r s i o n g a t e a n d t h e d e s i l t i n g t a n k . T h e d u m p i n g a r e a i s s i t u a t e d 2 0 0 m a w a y f r o m t h e d i v e r s i o n g a t e a n d d e s i l t i n g t a n k a n d i s c l o s e t o t h e o r i g i n a l c a n a l , s o i t ’ s c o n v e n i e n t f o r w a t e r u s e a n d c a n b e w a t e r e d m o r e d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d s o a s t o l e s s e n s o i l e r o s i o n . C o b b l e s a n d r o c k b l o c k s w i t h a d i a m e t e r g r e a t e r t h a n 5 c m w i l l b e p i c k e d o u t f r o m t h e s p o i l p i l e n e a r b y b y m a n p o w e r d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d b e t r a n s p o r t e d t o t h e p e r m a n e n t d u m p i n g a r e a b y 5 t d u m p t r u c k w h e n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n i s c o m p l e t e d t o c o v e r o v e r t h e t o p a n d s l o p e c o r n e r s o f t h e d u m p i n g a r e a . T h e g r a v e l c o v e r a g e w i l l b e 1 0 c m t h i c k , a n d i t w i l l b e s p r e a d a n d l e v e l e d w i t h m a n p o w e r a n d b e c o m p a c t e d w i t h 8 - 1 0 t m e c h a n i c a l l y d r i v e n s m o o t h w h e e l r o a d r o l l e r . B . T e m p o r a r y d u m p i n g a r e a : I n l i n e w i t h t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a n d p r o c e d u r e s o f s i t e c o n s t r u c t i o n , a l a r g e a m o u n t o f s p o i l p r o d u c e d i n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n c a n b e r e u s e d a n d n e e d s t o b e s t o r e d t e m p o r a r i e s . T h e r e f o r e , a t e m p o r a r y d u m p i n g a r e a n e e d s t o b e b u i l t , m a i n l y f o r t h e d i v e r s i o n g a t e , d e s i l t i n g t a n k , m a i n d i v e r s i o n p i p e , f i e l d p i p e l i n e a n d g a t e v a l v e w e l l w o r k s a r e a , a n d i t w i l l o c c u p y 9 9 . 3 8 h m 2 o f l a n d . a . T e m p o r a r y d u m p i n g a r e a f o r d i v e r s i o n g a t e a n d d e s i l t i n g t a n k : I t i s l o c a t e d 5 0 m a w a y f r o m t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n s i d e a n d i s c l o s e t o t h e o r i g i n a l c a n a l , s o i t ’ s c o n v e n i e n t f o r w a t e r u s e a n d c a n b e w a t e r e d m o r e C o n s t r u c t o r W a t e r r e s o u r c e s b u r e a u s o f T u r p a n C i t y a n d T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e , X i n j i a n g W a t e r R e s o u r c e s D e p a r t m e n t U n i t q u a l i f i e d f o r s o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n m o n i t o r i n g Page 329 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 3 2 8 L o c a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t D o m e s t i c s e w a g e T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l w i l l s t a y i n t h e r e s i d e n t s ’ h o u s e s a r o u n d e a c h c o n s t r u c t i o n z o n e , w h e r e t h e e x i s t i n g l i v i n g f a c i l i t i e s c a n f u l l y m e e t t h e d e m a n d s o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l . E i g h t s i m p l e l a v a t o r i e s ( 6 m 2 e a c h ) w i l l b e p r o v i d e d a t t h e s e v e n c o n c e n t r a t e d c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e s a n d t h e t e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a r e a . F e c e s f r o m t h e l a v a t o r i e s w i l l b e u s e d a s m a n u r e a f t e r b e i n g d i s i n f e c t e d w i t h l i m e . W h e n t h e p r o j e c t i s c o m p l e t e d , t h e s e w a g e r e c e i v i n g t a n k s a n d l a v a t o r i e s w i l l b e d i s m a n t l e d , b e b a c k f i l l e d w i t h t h e e x c a v a t e d e a r t h a f t e r t h e c o n c r e t e a n d g r a v e l b e d d i n g c o u r s e b e i n g d e l i v e r e d t o t h e p e r m a n e n t d u m p i n g a r e a , a n d b e l e v e l e d a n d c o m p a c t e d . E n g i n e e r i n g s p o i l T h e a g r i c u l t u r a l w a t e r - s a v i n g i r r i g a t i o n w o r k s i n v o l v e m u c h e a r t h c u t , m a i n l y c a u s e d b y d e s i l t i n g t a n k , p i p e c h a s e s , c o n t r o l g a t e s a n d a n c h o r a g e b l o c k s . T h e e a r t h c u t a m o u n t s t o 5 0 7 3 0 0 m 3 , o f w h i c h 4 9 2 , 8 0 0 m 3 t o b e u s e d f o r b a c k f i l l a n d 1 4 5 0 0 m 3 a s r e f u s e . M o s t l y o f t h e e a r t h f r o m p i p e c h a s e e x c a v a t i o n w i l l b e u s e d f o r b a c k f i l l . T h e p i p e w o r k w i l l p r o d u c e 8 6 0 0 m 3 o f s p o i l , w h i c h c a n b e b u i l t i n t o a p i p e d y k e a l o n g t h e p i p e l i n e . T h e d y k e w i l l b e 0 . 6 m w i d e o n t h e b o t t o m , 0 . 1 5 m h i g h a n d 1 : 1 . 3 i n s l o p e r a t i o . T h e s p o i l f r o m p i p e w o r k c a n b e f u l l y u t i l i z e d o n t h e s p o t . T h e a n c h o r a g e b l o c k s w i l l b e p r e c a s t a n d c a u s e 1 5 0 0 m 3 o f s p o i l , w h i c h c a n b e u s e d t o b u i l d t h e p i p e d y k e s i n c e t h e a n c h o r a g e b l o c k s a r e a r r a n g e d a l o n g t h e p i p e l i n e . W h e n t h e d e s i l t i n g t a n k i s b u i l t , t h e s p o i l s w i l l b e u s e d t o l e v e l t h e l a n d a r o u n d t h e d e s i l t i n g t a n k a n d t h e n b e c o m p a c t e d . T h e l a n d l e v e l i n g w i l l b e 5 m w i d e , 2 7 9 4 m 2 i n a r e a , a n d 0 . 5 m i n t h i c k n e s s , u s i n g 1 4 0 0 m 3 o f s p o i l , a n d t h e r e m a i n i n g 2 8 0 0 m 3 w i l l b e d e l i v e r e d t o t h e p e r m a n e n t d u m p i n g a r e a . T h e s p o i l f r o m b u i l d i n g o f c o n t r o l g a t e s i s q u i t e l i t t l e , o n l y 2 0 0 m 3 , a n d t h e w a y t o t r e a t i t i s s i m i l a r t o t h a t f o r t h e d e s i l t i n g t a n k . C o n s t r u c t o r W a t e r r e s o u r c e s b u r e a u s o f T u r p a n C i t y a n d T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e , X i n j i a n g W a t e r R e s o u r c e s D e p a r t m e n t U n i t q u a l i f i e d f o r s o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n m o n i t o r i n g T u o k e x u n C o u n t y T u o k e x u n C o u n t y W a t e r - S a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n W o r k s T u o k e x u n C o u n t y W a t e r - S a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n W o r k s D o m e s t i c g a r b a g e T h e p e a k d o m e s t i c g a r b a g e y i e l d w i l l b e 0 . 3 6 t d a i l y , a n d t h e t o t a l d o m e s t i c g a r b a g e y i e l d d u r i n g t h e w h o l e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d w i l l b e a b o u t 1 0 6 t . S i n c e t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l w i l l s t a y i n t h e r e s i d e n t s ’ h o u s e s a r o u n d e a c h c o n s t r u c t i o n z o n e , t h e e x i s t i n g l i v i n g f a c i l i t i e s c a n b e u t i l i z e d . H o w e v e r , o n e m o v a b l e g a r b a g e c o l l e c t o r n e e d s t o b e a r r a n g e d a t t h e s e v e n m a i n c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e s a n d t h e t e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a r e a s e p a r a t e l y . T h e d o m e s t i c g a r b a g e w i l l b e t r a n s p o r t e d t o T u o k e x u n C o u n t y w a s t e y a r d f o r t r e a t m e n t . Page 330 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 3 2 9 L o c a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t T u o k e x u n C o u n t y S o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n F i e l d p i p e l i n e c o n t r o l a r e a : I t c o v e r s t h e g a t e v a l v e w e l l a n d f i e l d p i p e l i n e n e t w o r k w o r k s . T h e e x c a v a t e d m a t e r i a l s w i l l b e p i l e d u p i n a c o n c e n t r a t e d w a y o n o n e s i d e o f t h e p i p e d u c t i n t r a p e z o i d a l b e n c h w i t h a s l o p e r a t i o o f 1 : 1 a n d a h e i g h t c o n t r o l l e d a t 1 . 0 m . T h e t e m p o r a r i l y p i l e d m a t e r i a l s w i l l b e c o v e r e d w i t h g e o m e m b r a n e . W h e n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n i s c o m p l e t e d , t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n s l a s h o f 2 2 7 . 4 5 h m 2 w i l l b e l e v e l e d . O f f - s i t e w o r k s c o n t r o l a r e a : I t c o v e r s s e d i m e n t a t i o n t a n k , p u m p r o o m a n d m a n a g e m e n t r o o m . T h e e x c a v a t e d m a t e r i a l s w i l l b e p i l e d u p i n a c o n c e n t r a t e d w a y o n t h e o u t e r s i d e o f t h e s t r u c t u r e i n t r a p e z o i d a l b e n c h w i t h a s l o p e r a t i o o f 1 : 1 . 0 a n d a h e i g h t c o n t r o l l e d a t 1 . 0 m , a n d t h e t e m p o r a r y p r o t e c t i v e m e a s u r e o f c o m p a c t i n g s o l i d l y w i t h m a n p o w e r w i l l b e a d o p t e d . T h e s l a s h o f t e m p o r a r y p i l i n g a r e a ( 4 . 8 9 h m 2 ) w i l l b e l e v e l e d a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n . T e m p o r a r y c o n s t r u c t i o n r o a d c o n t r o l a r e a : T e m p o r a r y c o n s t r u c t i o n r o a d s w i l l c o n s i s t o f t h e e x i s t i n g t r a c t o r r o a d s a n d t h e n e w l y b u i l t c o n s t r u c t i o n r o a d . T h e n e w l y b u i l t o n e w i l l b e 6 k m l o n g a n d b e a l o n g t h e o f f - s i t e m a i n d i v e r s i o n p i p e . T h i s s c h e m e m a i n l y a i m s a t t h e t e m p o r a r y p r o t e c t i o n o f t h e n e w l y b u i l t c o n s t r u c t i o n r o a d , n a m e l y , t a k i n g t e m p o r a r y p r o t e c t i v e m e a s u r e o f w a t e r i n g d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d l e v e l i n g t h e s i t e ( 2 . 4 0 h m 2 ) a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n . T e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a n d l i v i n g c o n t r o l a r e a : T h e t e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a n d l i v i n g q u a r t e r i n c l u d e s t e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a r e a a n d t e m p o r a r y l i v i n g a r e a . T h e t e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a r e a c o v e r s t h e p l a c e s f o r c o n c r e t e b a t c h i n g s y s t e m , a g g r e g a t e p r o c e s s i n g s y s t e m , e q u i p m e n t r e p a i r i n g w o r k s h o p , r e b a r p r o c e s s i n g w o r k s h o p , w o o d w o r k s h o p , p a r k i n g l o t , c o n s t r u c t i o n e q u i p m e n t w a r e h o u s e , c o n s u m p t i o n g o o d s w a r e h o u s e , c e m e n t s t o r a g e , f u e l s t o r a g e , a n d s o o n . T h e t e m p o r a r y l i v i n g a r e a c o v e r s t h e p l a c e s f o r o f f i c e , d o r m i t o r y , w o r k s h e d , t e m p o r a r y p i l i n g a n d t r a n s f e r a r e a s , a n d s o o n . T h e t e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a n d l i v i n g q u a r t e r w i l l b e w a t e r e d t o r e d u c e t h e d u s t a t t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e . T h e p o l l u t a n t s ( r e f u s e a n d f u e l ) w i l l b e c l e a r e d o r b u r i e d a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n , a n d t h e C o n s t r u c t o r n e e d s t o r e m o v e a l l t h e s u r f a c e s t r u c t u r e s a n d w a s t e s a n d t r a n s p o r t t h e m t o t h e d u m p i n g a r e a . S i n c e t h e o r i g i n a l g r o u n d s u r f a c e o f t h e t e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a n d l i v i n g q u a r t e r i s c o v e r e d w i t h g r a v e l , t h e t e m p o r a r i l y o c c u p i e d l a n d ( 0 . 7 0 h m 2 ) w i l l b e l e v e l e d a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n . P r e v e n t i v e m a n a g e m e n t m e a s u r e s : T o r e d u c e t h e s o i l e r o s i o n i n c o n s t r u c t i o n , m a n a g e m e n t o f v a r i o u s c o n s t r u c t i o n s t a g e s s h o u l d b e i n t e n s i f i e d b e s i d e s t h e s p e c i f i c e n g i n e e r i n g m e a s u r e s : A . T h e t e m p o r a r i l y s t o r e d e a r t h t o b e t r a n s f e r r e d a n d u t i l i z e d s h o u l d b e p i l e d i n t o b e n c h a n d c o m p a c t e d s o l i d l y o n t h e s u r f a c e t o a v o i d w i n d e r o s i o n . I n a d d i t i o n , t h e C o n s t r u c t o r s h o u l d a r r a n g e t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o c e d u r e s r a t i o n a l l y t o m i n i m i z e t h e t i m e o f t e m p o r a r y s t o r a g e o f e a r t h . B . P l a n t h e r a n g e o f c o n s t r u c t i o n a c t i v i t i e s d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d , a n d a r r a n g e t h e e x i s t i n g t r a f f i c a t t h e s e c t i o n s w i t h q u i t e s t r o n g w i n d e r o s i o n , s p e c i a l l y a s s i g n p e r s o n t o s t r i c t l y c o n t r o l a n d m a n a g e t h e t r a v e l i n g r o u t e o f t r a n s p o r t v e h i c l e s a n d h e a v y m a c h i n e r y t o p r e v e n t d a m a g e t o g r o u n d s u r f a c e a n d v e g e t a t i o n a n d t h e s o i l e r o s i o n a r i s i n g t h e r e o f . C . S e t u p w a r n i n g b o a r d s f o r v e g e t a t i o n p r o t e c t i o n a t t h e p a s s a g e w a y o f s e r v i c e r o a d s t o r e m i n d t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l a n d o p e r a t o r s . D . N o c o n s t r u c t i o n i n s t r o n g w i n d o r r a i n s t o r m w e a t h e r , e s p e c i a l l y t h e e x c a v a t i o n a n d b a c k f i l l o f p i p e d u c t s . E . S t r i c t l y p r o h i b i t t h e p i l e a n d p l a c e t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n m a t e r i a l s i n d i s o r d e r t o p r e v e n t e n l a r g i n g t h e d a m a g e t o e c o l o g i c a l e n v i r o n m e n t . C o n s t r u c t o r W a t e r r e s o u r c e s b u r e a u s o f T u r p a n C i t y a n d T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e , X i n j i a n g W a t e r R e s o u r c e s D e p a r t m e n t U n i t q u a l i f i e d f o r s o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n m o n i t o r i n g S h a n s h a n D o m e s t i c s e w a g e T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l f o r S h a n s h a n C o u n t y W a t e r - S a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n W o r k s w i l l s t a y i n t h e r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a n e a r b y , s o t h e d o m e s t i c s e w a g e p r o d u c e d w i l l b e c o l l e c t e d a n d t r e a t e d i n a u n i f i e d w a y i n t h e r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a , n o a d d i t i o n a l t r e a t m e n t m e a s u r e w i l l b e t a k e n . C o n s t r u c t o r W a t e r r e s o u r c e s b u r e a u s o f T u r p a n C i t y a n d T u r p a n Page 331 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 3 3 0 L o c a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n E I F a c t o r M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s E n f o r c e m e n t U n i t S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g U n i t E n g i n e e r i n g s p o i l T h e s o l i d w a s t e f r o m t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n c o v e r s r e f u s e d e a r t h , s a n d a n d s t o n e e x c a v a t e d , a n d r e f u s e d b r i c k s . T h e r e f u s e d e a r t h p r o d u c e d i n t h e e a r t h e x c a v a t i o n i s q u i t e l i t t l e b e c a u s e t h e e a r t h i s u s e d f o r b a c k f i l l w h i l e b e i n g e x c a v a t e d i n t h e p r o c e s s o f p i p e l i n e l a y i n g a n d t h e r e s t i s b l o c k e d u p a l o n g t h e p i p e l i n e t o b u i l d i n t o a p i p e d y k e , t h u s e x c a v a t i o n a n d b a c k f i l l a r e b a l a n c e d b a s i c a l l y . W h e n t h e r e h a b i l i t a t e d p u m p w e l l s , g a t e w e l l v a l v e s a n d i n s p e c t i o n w e l l s a r e b u i l t , t h e e a r t h , s a n d , s t o n e , a n d r e f u s e d b r i c k s f r o m t h e e x c a v a t i o n c a n b e u s e d t o l e v e l t h e l a n d a r o u n d t h e e x c a v a t i o n s i t e , t h e n b e c o m p a c t e d , a n d f i n a l l y b e c o v e r e d w i t h g r a v e l o n t h e s u r f a c e . S i n c e t h e s u r p l u s e a r t h i s o f p e r e n n i a l c u l t i v a t e d s o i l , i t c a n b e e v e n l y s c a t t e r e d t o f a r m l a n d a g a i n . T h e e a r t h c a n b e r e u s e d a l t h o u g h i t i s w a s t e . D o m e s t i c g a r b a g e T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l f o r S h a n s h a n C o u n t y W a t e r - S a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n W o r k s w i l l s t a y i n t h e r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a n e a r b y , s o t h e d o m e s t i c g a r b a g e p r o d u c e d w i l l b e c o l l e c t e d a n d t r e a t e d i n a u n i f i e d w a y i n t h e r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a , n o a d d i t i o n a l t r e a t m e n t m e a s u r e w i l l b e t a k e n . P r e f e c t u r e , X i n j i a n g W a t e r R e s o u r c e s D e p a r t m e n t S h a n s h a n C o u n t y C o u n t y W a t e r - S a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n W o r k s S o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n M a n a g e m e n t r o o m c o n t r o l a r e a : T h e e x c a v a t e d m a t e r i a l s w i l l b e p i l e d u p i n a c o n c e n t r a t e d w a y o n o n e s i d e i n t r a p e z o i d a l b e n c h w i t h a s l o p e r a t i o o f 1 : 1 a n d a h e i g h t c o n t r o l l e d a t 1 . 0 m , a n d i t s w i n d w a r d s i d e w i l l b e c o m p a c t e d s o l i d l y w i t h m a n p o w e r a s a t e m p o r a r y m e a s u r e . T h e s l a s h o f t e m p o r a r y p i l i n g a r e a f o r t h e e x c a v a t e d m a t e r i a l s w i l l b e l e v e l e d a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n . P i p e l i n e c o n t r o l a r e a : T h e m a t e r i a l s f r o m p i p e l i n e e x c a v a t i o n w i l l b e p i l e d u p i n a c o n c e n t r a t e d w a y a l o n g o n e s i d e o f t h e p i p e l i n e i n t r a p e z o i d a l b e n c h w i t h a s l o p e r a t i o o f 1 : 1 a n d a h e i g h t c o n t r o l l e d a t 1 . 0 m , a n d i t s w i n d w a r d s i d e w i l l b e c o m p a c t e d s o l i d l y w i t h m a n p o w e r a s a t e m p o r a r y m e a s u r e . T h e s l a s h o f t e m p o r a r y p i l i n g a r e a f o r t h e e x c a v a t e d m a t e r i a l s w i l l b e l e v e l e d a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n . T e m p o r a r y c o n s t r u c t i o n r o a d c o n t r o l a r e a : T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n r o a d s a r e m a i n l y i n t h e f a r m l a n d . T h e y w i l l b e t e m p o r a r i l y p r o t e c t e d t h r o u g h w a t e r i n g d u r i n g t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d c a n b e d i r e c t l y u s e d f o r r e - c u l t i v a t i o n w h e n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n i s c o m p l e t e d . T e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a n d l i v i n g c o n t r o l a r e a : T h e t e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a n d l i v i n g q u a r t e r i n c l u d e s t e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a r e a a n d t e m p o r a r y l i v i n g a r e a . T h e t e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a r e a c o v e r s t h e p l a c e s f o r c o n c r e t e b a t c h i n g s y s t e m , a g g r e g a t e p r o c e s s i n g s y s t e m , e q u i p m e n t r e p a i r i n g w o r k s h o p , r e b a r p r o c e s s i n g w o r k s h o p , w o o d w o r k s h o p , p a r k i n g l o t , c o n s t r u c t i o n e q u i p m e n t w a r e h o u s e , c o n s u m p t i o n g o o d s w a r e h o u s e , c e m e n t s t o r a g e , f u e l s t o r a g e , a n d s o o n . T h e t e m p o r a r y l i v i n g a r e a c o v e r s t h e p l a c e s f o r o f f i c e , d o r m i t o r y , w o r k s h e d , t e m p o r a r y p i l i n g a n d t r a n s f e r a r e a s , a n d s o o n . T h e t e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a n d l i v i n g q u a r t e r w i l l b e w a t e r e d t o r e d u c e t h e d u s t a t t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e . T h e p o l l u t a n t s ( r e f u s e a n d f u e l ) w i l l b e c l e a r e d o r b u r i e d a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n , a n d t h e C o n s t r u c t o r n e e d s t o r e m o v e a l l t h e s u r f a c e s t r u c t u r e s a n d w a s t e s a n d t r a n s p o r t t h e m t o t h e w a s t e y a r d . S i n c e t h e o r i g i n a l o f t h e t e m p o r a r y p r o d u c t i o n a n d l i v i n g q u a r t e r i s c o v e r e d w i t h g r a v e l , T h e g r o u n d s u r f a c e w i l l b e b a s i c a l l y f r e e o f w i n d e r o s i o n t h r o u g h t r e a t m e n t o f t h e t e m p o r a r i l y o c c u p i e d l a n d a f t e r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n . T h e e n g i n e e r i n g m e a s u r e s a b o v e m e n t i o n e d a r e n e w l y a d d e d f o r s o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n . C o n s t r u c t o r W a t e r r e s o u r c e s b u r e a u s o f T u r p a n C i t y a n d T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e , X i n j i a n g W a t e r R e s o u r c e s D e p a r t m e n t U n i t q u a l i f i e d f o r s o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n m o n i t o r i n g Page 332 6.4 Protection of Kareses 6.4.1 Mitigation measures during design stage Following measures will be taken to mitigate the impacts on the environment during design stage: Engineering design should give an integrated consideration, further breakdown the permanent occupied land plan based on ambient environmental design and use the lands rationally. During design process, rationally make a layout of temporary disposal yard during construction period and permanent disposal yard after the completion of construction based on the specific conditions of buried channel, exposed channel and storage pool of karez so as to minimize the impacts of disposal stacks on the environment. Engineering design should give high attention to the public health during construction period. Living room in the temporary living area should not be too unadorned and huddled. The area with a good ambient environment will be selected as living area for the construction personnel so as to put an end to the spreading of infectious disease. Since the construction of buildings will cause a high noise, reasonable noise reduction measures shall be considered during the engineering design to limit the impacts of construction noise on the construction personnel. From the perspective of protection of cultural relics, the design shall be done in a principle of “minimized disturbance” so as to “keep original appearance as much as possible” and maintain the historical information contained in the kareses. Use public participation method to figure out the public that would be influenced by the project development, and to know the opinions and ideas of the public and all circles with regard to the environmental problems and environmental impacts before, during and after the project. The EIA personnel of the project will take various participatory methodologies upon different people, including bulletins and public notices by village committees, public notices on newspaper, dissemination of questionnaires, oral enquiry, expert workshops, etc. 6.4.2 Mitigation measures during construction stage 1water environment wastewater from production Specific measures: A. Since construction sites will be arranged in a relative scattered way, it is not easy to collect together the dust and wastewater from concrete batching and concrete care. The main contents mainly consist of solid matters as mud, sands, rock debris. Except poor SS values, the wastewater would not occur a large quantity and basically have a big content of toxicant, the wastewater to be occurred will be naturally evaporated or seepage; Page 333 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 332 B. The application of construction material will conform to related requirements, particularly the treatment of grout. Before grout injection, water body and shaft wall shall be given partition protection to protect them from contamination by construction material; C. Before consolidation with the shafts, buried channel top should be covered temporarily to prevent entrance of running oil, spilled oil, oil drop and oil leakage from construction machinery; D. After the consolidation with the buried channels and shafts, all solid deposition accumulated along the channels such as sediment and rock debris shall be dredged out completely. Evaluation: Applications of the aforesaid measures will effectively mitigate the unfavorable impacts of production wastewater on the water in kareses and ambient environment in the vicinity. domestic sewage Specific measures: A. Daily domestic sewage discharge peak will reach 1.91m 3 /d during construction period. The construction production layout shows that only septic tank and natural evaporation and leakage can satisfy demands due to short-term construction period and limited domestic sewage discharge and local high evaporation. A temporary septic tank with a capacity based on 3-day discharge will be provided in living area. This tank is designed to have a capacity of 5.73m 3 , sized 2m length by 2m width by 1.5m depth, concrete structure, 20cm thick bottom and 10cm thick cushion made of gravels. After flowing into the septic tank, domestic sewage will experience sedimentation, disinfection and evaporation; finally the residual solid deposition will be used in green work by local farmers. After the completion of construction, septic tank will be cleaned, disinfected and buried. B. One brick-concrete waterless toilet in a building floor area of 6m 2 will be built in the living area, and cement masonry will be done for lining purpose. Feces to be occurred will be collected and used for green work. After the completion of construction, this waterless toilet will be cleaned, disinfected and buried. Evaluation: Applications of the aforesaid measures will effectively mitigate the unfavorable impacts of domestic sewage on the environment. 2Ambient air Specific measures: give hygienic protection to the operators of batching plant, for i nstance, provision of respirator, goggles, etc.; powder like material, such as cement, lime, etc. should be transported by tank truck or in bags. Transportation in bulk must be forbidden. No dust dispersion may be allowed. Stacking material will be covered by awning cloth in case of rain and strong wind days; Traveling line of transportation vehicles should be set out strictly during construction period. Sprinkling shall be done along traveling line regularly to lay down dust; Page 334 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 333 Sprinkle disposals occu rred during construction period. Compact disposals tightly after the completion of construction. Evaluation: Applications of the aforesaid measures will minimize the unfavorable impacts of air pollution on the construction personnel. 3Acoustic environmen t Specific measures: Noises produced by drilling machine, excavator and batching machine should be controlled within 55dB (A) during construction; In accordance with the Noise limits for Construction Site (GB12523-90), working duration of construction personnel exposed to a high noise environment created by drilling machine and batching system will keep working everyday within the time specified by the labor law and equipped with the acoustic fixture; Adopt low -noise equipment as far as possible. Strengthen maintenance and care with machinery equipment. Evaluation: Applications of the aforesaid measures will minimize the unfavorable impacts of noise on the construction personnel. 4Solid waste Solid wastes in construction area feature scattering and difficult collection. Relevant measures will be taken as follows: One portable garbage collection station will be provided. Additionally, two garbage cans will be provided, one positioned at construction site of normal consolidation section and one at construction site of key consolidation section and exposed channel. Do a good job of dissemination of good habits of sanitation, get construction personnel cast garbage to collection stations or cans on their own accords; Hire one garbage cleaning car eve ry week to collect and clean out garbage occurred, and transport together with the living garbage occurred by the local residents. The cost hereinto will come from project cost and not be a line in environmental cost; Evaluation: Applications of the aforesaid measures will effectively limit the unfavorable impacts of solid wastes to be occurred during construction period on the ambient environment in the vicinity of kareses within a range affordable. 5Ecological environment Specific measures: strengthen the dissemination of knowledge of laws in terms of environment protection and water and soil conservation. Improve the awareness of construction personnel on environmental protection. Strictly forbidden to roll out and destroy soil and vegetation in an unruly manner; Page 335 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 334 strictly set out traveling line of vehicles and construction machinery. Mark out construction area and station warning signs at both sides of construction access roads. Evaluation: Applications of the aforesaid measures will effectively protect the ambient ecological environment of kareses and their neighboring area. water and soil conservation measures Do a good job of planning design with the WuDaoLin Karez so as to minimize the disturbance with the original landform; meanwhile, try best to reach a balance between excavation and backfilling, limit disposals and use disposals for land leveling. With consideration of the status-quo of water and soil erosion in the proposed project area and in accordance with the analysis on the water and soil erosion that might be triggered by the launch of the proposed project, the water and soil conservation within the project area can be zoned as: main civil works construction area, temporary construction road area, project disposal yard area. Main water and soil conservation measures: A. main civil works construction area. Mucks to be occurred during earth or rock cutting of karez or karez dredging or boring will be cleaned out via shaft. Mucks will be stacked in a circular shape around shaft with a stacking height ranging from 0.5m to 1.5m, sloped in a gradient of 1.75, compacted tightly and covered. After the completion of construction, leveling will be done. B. temporary construction road area. This area lies in Gobi made of coarse pebbles and gravels without vegetation. Before construction starts, slope cutting, ditch filling and other leveling measures will be done so as to achieve a balance as far as possible between excavation and backfill and avoid occurrence of disposals. C. permanent disposal yard will be set besides the original hillock adjacent with the shaft. After the completion of construction, mucks will be stacked in a circular way around the edge of hillock to a height level with the hillock. Muck surfaces will be covered with gravels and compacted properly to limit weathering. Evaluation: Applications of the aforesaid measures will effectively minimize the water and soil erosion to be probably caused by the project construction. 6public health Specific measures: local sanitation and hygienic departments will be assigned specific person to guide and supervise the sanitation of construction area; sanitation and epidemic control will be done before mobilization of construction personnel; do a good job of treatment of normal injuries and disease of personnel; Page 336 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 335 strengthen dissemination and popularization of hygienic knowledge. Help construction personnel have good living habits. put an end to the occurrence of epidemic diseas e; vigorously do a good job of personnel security during construction period to prevent occupational injuries. When carry out underground construction beneath comparatively thin overburden layer, adequate supports and monitoring activities should be done, specific person shall be assigned, and safety shall be guaranteed. Evaluation: Applications of the aforesaid measures will effectively protect the health of construction personnel during construction period. 6.4.3 Mitigation measures during operation period The analysis on the environmental impacts of Karez protection subproject indicates that major unfavorable environmental impacts will occur during construction period, no unfavorable impacts on the ambient environment would occur during operation period, no mitigation measures will be therefore considered with the operation period. Page 337 T a b l e 6 . 4 - 1 S u m m a r y o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n M e a s u r e s f o r W u d a o l i n K a r e z P r e s e r v a t i o n i n T u r p a n C i t y I m p l e m . S t a g e s E n . I m p a t i n g F a c t o r s M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s R e s p o n s i b l e U n i t s S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t s D e s i g n S t a g e E n g i n e e r i n g d e s i g n s h o u l d g i v e a n i n t e g r a t e d c o n s i d e r a t i o n , f u r t h e r b r e a k d o w n t h e p e r m a n e n t o c c u p i e d l a n d p l a n b a s e d o n a m b i e n t e n v i r o n m e n t a l d e s i g n a n d u s e t h e l a n d s r a t i o n a l l y . D u r i n g d e s i g n p r o c e s s , r a t i o n a l l y m a k e a l a y o u t o f t e m p o r a r y d i s p o s a l y a r d d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d p e r m a n e n t d i s p o s a l y a r d a f t e r t h e c o m p l e t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n b a s e d o n t h e s p e c i f i c c o n d i t i o n s o f b u r i e d c h a n n e l , e x p o s e d c h a n n e l a n d s t o r a g e p o o l o f k a r e z s o a s t o m i n i m i z e t h e i m p a c t s o f d i s p o s a l s t a c k s o n t h e e n v i r o n m e n t . E n g i n e e r i n g d e s i g n s h o u l d g i v e h i g h a t t e n t i o n t o t h e p u b l i c h e a l t h d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d . L i v i n g r o o m i n t h e t e m p o r a r y l i v i n g a r e a s h o u l d n o t b e t o o u n a d o r n e d a n d h u d d l e d . T h e a r e a w i t h a g o o d a m b i e n t e n v i r o n m e n t w i l l b e s e l e c t e d a s l i v i n g a r e a f o r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l s o a s t o p u t a n e n d t o t h e s p r e a d i n g o f i n f e c t i o u s d i s e a s e . S i n c e t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f b u i l d i n g s w i l l c a u s e a h i g h n o i s e , r e a s o n a b l e n o i s e r e d u c t i o n m e a s u r e s s h a l l b e c o n s i d e r e d d u r i n g t h e e n g i n e e r i n g d e s i g n t o l i m i t t h e i m p a c t s o f c o n s t r u c t i o n n o i s e o n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l . F r o m t h e p e r s p e c t i v e o f p r o t e c t i o n o f c u l t u r a l r e l i c s , t h e d e s i g n s h a l l b e d o n e i n a p r i n c i p l e o f “ m i n i m i z e d d i s t u r b a n c e ” s o a s t o “ k e e p o r i g i n a l a p p e a r a n c e a s m u c h a s p o s s i b l e ” a n d m a i n t a i n t h e h i s t o r i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n c o n t a i n e d i n t h e k a r e s e s . U s e p u b l i c p a r t i c i p a t i o n m e t h o d t o f i g u r e o u t t h e p u b l i c t h a t w o u l d b e i n f l u e n c e d b y t h e p r o j e c t d e v e l o p m e n t , a n d t o k n o w t h e o p i n i o n s a n d i d e a s o f t h e p u b l i c a n d a l l c i r c l e s w i t h r e g a r d t o t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o b l e m s a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l i m p a c t s b e f o r e , d u r i n g a n d a f t e r t h e p r o j e c t . T h e E I A p e r s o n n e l o f t h e p r o j e c t w i l l t a k e v a r i o u s p a r t i c i p a t o r y m e t h o d o l o g i e s u p o n d i f f e r e n t p e o p l e , i n c l u d i n g b u l l e t i n s a n d p u b l i c n o t i c e s b y v i l l a g e c o m m i t t e e s , p u b l i c n o t i c e s o n n e w s p a p e r , d i s s e m i n a t i o n o f q u e s t i o n n a i r e s , o r a l e n q u i r y , e x p e r t w o r k s h o p s , e t c . O w n e r , D e s i g n I n s t i t u t e C u l t u r a l R e l i c s B u r e a u C o n s t r u c t i o n S t a g e W a t e r E n v i r o n m e n t A . S i n c e c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e s w i l l b e a r r a n g e d i n a r e l a t i v e s c a t t e r e d w a y , i t i s n o t e a s y t o c o l l e c t t o g e t h e r t h e d u s t a n d w a s t e w a t e r f r o m c o n c r e t e b a t c h i n g a n d c o n c r e t e c a r e . T h e m a i n c o n t e n t s m a i n l y c o n s i s t o f s o l i d m a t t e r s a s m u d , s a n d s , r o c k d e b r i s . E x c e p t p o o r S S v a l u e s , t h e w a s t e w a t e r w o u l d n o t o c c u r a l a r g e q u a n t i t y a n d b a s i c a l l y h a v e a b i g c o n t e n t o f t o x i c a n t , t h e w a s t e w a t e r t o b e o c c u r r e d w i l l b e n a t u r a l l y e v a p o r a t e d o r s e e p a g e T h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n m a t e r i a l w i l l c o n f o r m t o r e l a t e d r e q u i r e m e n t s , p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e t r e a t m e n t o f g r o u t . B e f o r e g r o u t i n j e c t i o n , w a t e r b o d y a n d s h a f t w a l l s h a l l b e g i v e n p a r t i t i o n p r o t e c t i o n t o p r o t e c t t h e m f r o m c o n t a m i n a t i o n b y c o n s t r u c t i o n m a t e r i a l ; B e f o r e c o n s o l i d a t i o n w i t h t h e s h a f t s , b u r i e d c h a n n e l t o p s h o u l d b e c o v e r e d t e m p o r a r i l y t o p r e v e n t e n t r a n c e o f r u n n i n g o i l , s p i l l e d o i l , o i l d r o p a n d o i l l e a k a g e f r o m c o n s t r u c t i o n m a c h i n e r y ; A f t e r t h e c o n s o l i d a t i o n w i t h t h e c u l v e r t s a n d s h a f t s , a l l s o l i d d e p o s i t i o n a c c u m u l a t e d a l o n g t h e c h a n n e l s s u c h a s s e d i m e n t a n d r o c k d e b r i s s h a l l b e d r e d g e d o u t c o m p l e t e l y . T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o d u c t i o n l a y o u t s h o w s t h a t o n l y s e p t i c t a n k a n d n a t u r a l e v a p o r a t i o n a n d l e a k a g e c a n s a t i s f y d e m a n d s d u e t o s h o r t - t e r m c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d l i m i t e d d o m e s t i c s e w a g e d i s c h a r g e a n d l o c a l h i g h e v a p o r a t i o n . A t e m p o r a r y r e c e i v i n g t a n k s h a l l b e u s e d t o c o l l e c t e d o m e s t i c s e w a g e f o r n a t u r a l d e p o s i t i o n a n d e v a p o r a t i o n o f t h e w a s t e w a t e r ; a f t e r t h e c o m p l e t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n , t h e r e c e i v i n g t a n k w i l l b e c l e a n e d , d i s i n f e c t e d a n d b u r i e d . O n e b r i c k - c o n c r e t e w a t e r l e s s l a t r i n e w i l l b e b u i l t i n t h e l i v i n g a r e a , a n d c e m e n t m a s o n r y w i l l b e d o n e f o r l i n i n g p u r p o s e . F e c e s t o b e o c c u r r e d w i l l b e c o l l e c t e d a n d u s e d f o r g r e e n w o r k . A f t e r t h e c o m p l e t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n , t h i s w a t e r l e s s t o i l e t w i l l b e c l e a n e d , d i s i n f e c t e d a n d b u r i e d E n v i r . B u r e a u , P M O o f T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e Page 338 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 3 3 7 I m p l e m . S t a g e s E n . I m p a t i n g F a c t o r s M i t i g a t i o n M e a s u r e s R e s p o n s i b l e U n i t s S u p e r v i s i o n U n i t s A i r E n v i r . g i v e h y g i e n i c p r o t e c t i o n t o t h e o p e r a t o r s o f b a t c h i n g p l a n t , f o r i n s t a n c e , p r o v i s i o n o f r e s p i r a t o r , g o g g l e s , e t c . ; p o w d e r l i k e m a t e r i a l , s u c h a s c e m e n t , l i m e , e t c . s h o u l d b e t r a n s p o r t e d b y t a n k t r u c k o r i n b a g s . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n b u l k m u s t b e f o r b i d d e n . N o d u s t d i s p e r s i o n m a y b e a l l o w e d . S t a c k i n g m a t e r i a l w i l l b e c o v e r e d b y a w n i n g c l o t h i n c a s e o f r a i n a n d s t r o n g w i n d d a y s ; T r a v e l i n g l i n e o f t r a n s p o r t a t i o n v e h i c l e s s h o u l d b e s e t o u t s t r i c t l y d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d . S p r i n k l i n g s h a l l b e d o n e a l o n g t r a v e l i n g l i n e r e g u l a r l y t o l a y d o w n d u s t ; S p r i n k l e d i s p o s a l s o c c u r r e d d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d . C o m p a c t d i s p o s a l s t i g h t l y a f t e r t h e c o m p l e t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n . A c o u s t i c E n v i r l N o i s e s p r o d u c e d b y d r i l l i n g m a c h i n e , e x c a v a t o r a n d b a t c h i n g m a c h i n e s h o u l d b e c o n t r o l l e d w i t h i n 5 5 d B ( A ) d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n ; I n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e N o i s e l i m i t s f o r C o n s t r u c t i o n S i t e ( G B 1 2 5 2 3 - 9 0 ) , w o r k i n g d u r a t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l e x p o s e d t o a h i g h n o i s e e n v i r o n m e n t c r e a t e d b y d r i l l i n g m a c h i n e a n d b a t c h i n g s y s t e m w i l l k e e p w o r k i n g e v e r y d a y w i t h i n t h e t i m e s p e c i f i e d b y t h e l a b o r l a w a n d e q u i p p e d w i t h t h e a c o u s t i c f i x t u r e ; A d o p t l o w - n o i s e e q u i p m e n t a s f a r a s p o s s i b l e . S t r e n g t h e n m a i n t e n a n c e a n d c a r e w i t h m a c h i n e r y e q u i p m e n t . S o l i d W a s t e O n e p o r t a b l e g a r b a g e c o l l e c t i o n s t a t i o n w i l l b e p r o v i d e d . A d d i t i o n a l l y , t w o g a r b a g e c a n s w i l l b e p r o v i d e d , o n e p o s i t i o n e d a t c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e o f n o r m a l c o n s o l i d a t i o n s e c t i o n a n d o n e a t c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e o f k e y c o n s o l i d a t i o n s e c t i o n a n d e x p o s e d c h a n n e l . D o a g o o d j o b o f d i s s e m i n a t i o n o f g o o d h a b i t s o f s a n i t a t i o n , g e t c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l c a s t g a r b a g e t o c o l l e c t i o n s t a t i o n s o r c a n s o n t h e i r o w n a c c o r d s ; H i r e o n e g a r b a g e c l e a n i n g c a r e v e r y w e e k t o c o l l e c t a n d c l e a n o u t g a r b a g e o c c u r r e d , a n d t r a n s p o r t t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e l i v i n g g a r b a g e o c c u r r e d b y t h e l o c a l r e s i d e n t s . E c o - E n v i r . s t r e n g t h e n t h e d i s s e m i n a t i o n o f k n o w l e d g e o f l a w s i n t e r m s o f e n v i r o n m e n t p r o t e c t i o n a n d w a t e r a n d s o i l c o n s e r v a t i o n . I m p r o v e t h e a w a r e n e s s o f c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l o n e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n . S t r i c t l y f o r b i d d e n t o r o l l o u t a n d d e s t r o y s o i l a n d v e g e t a t i o n i n a n u n r u l y m a n n e r ; s t r i c t l y s e t o u t t r a v e l i n g l i n e o f v e h i c l e s a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n m a c h i n e r y . M a r k o u t c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a a n d s t a t i o n w a r n i n g s i g n s a t b o t h s i d e s o f c o n s t r u c t i o n a c c e s s r o a d s . w a t e r a n d s o i l c o n s e r v a t i o n m e a s u r e s M a i n w a t e r a n d s o i l c o n s e r v a t i o n m e a s u r e s : A . m a i n c i v i l w o r k s c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a . M u c k s t o b e o c c u r r e d d u r i n g e a r t h o r r o c k c u t t i n g o f k a r e z o r k a r e z d r e d g i n g o r b o r i n g w i l l b e c l e a n e d o u t v i a s h a f t . M u c k s w i l l b e s t a c k e d i n a c i r c u l a r s h a p e a r o u n d s h a f t w i t h a s t a c k i n g h e i g h t r a n g i n g f r o m 0 . 5 m t o 1 . 5 m , s l o p e d i n a g r a d i e n t o f 1 . 7 5 , c o m p a c t e d t i g h t l y a n d c o v e r e d . A f t e r t h e c o m p l e t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n , l e v e l i n g w i l l b e d o n e . B . t e m p o r a r y c o n s t r u c t i o n r o a d a r e a . T h i s a r e a l i e s i n G o b i m a d e o f c o a r s e p e b b l e s a n d g r a v e l s w i t h o u t v e g e t a t i o n . B e f o r e c o n s t r u c t i o n s t a r t s , s l o p e c u t t i n g , d i t c h f i l l i n g a n d o t h e r l e v e l i n g m e a s u r e s w i l l b e d o n e s o a s t o a c h i e v e a b a l a n c e a s f a r a s p o s s i b l e b e t w e e n e x c a v a t i o n a n d b a c k f i l l a n d a v o i d o c c u r r e n c e o f d i s p o s a l s . C . p e r m a n e n t d i s p o s a l y a r d w i l l b e s e t b e s i d e s t h e o r i g i n a l h i l l o c k a d j a c e n t w i t h t h e s h a f t . A f t e r t h e c o m p l e t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n , m u c k s w i l l b e s t a c k e d i n a c i r c u l a r w a y a r o u n d t h e e d g e o f h i l l o c k t o a h e i g h t l e v e l w i t h t h e h i l l o c k . M u c k s u r f a c e s w i l l b e c o v e r e d w i t h g r a v e l s a n d c o m p a c t e d p r o p e r l y t o l i m i t w i n d e r o s i o n . P u b l i c H e a l t h l o c a l s a n i t a t i o n a n d h y g i e n i c d e p a r t m e n t s w i l l b e a s s i g n e d s p e c i f i c p e r s o n t o g u i d e a n d s u p e r v i s e t h e s a n i t a t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a ; s a n i t a t i o n a n d e p i d e m i c c o n t r o l w i l l b e d o n e b e f o r e m o b i l i z a t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l ; d o a g o o d j o b o f t r e a t m e n t o f n o r m a l i n j u r i e s a n d d i s e a s e o f p e r s o n n e l ; s t r e n g t h e n d i s s e m i n a t i o n a n d p o p u l a r i z a t i o n o f h y g i e n i c k n o w l e d g e . H e l p c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l h a v e g o o d l i v i n g h a b i t s . p u t a n e n d t o t h e o c c u r r e n c e o f e p i d e m i c d i s e a s e ; v i g o r o u s l y d o a g o o d j o b o f p e r s o n n e l s e c u r i t y d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d t o p r e v e n t o c c u p a t i o n a l i n j u r i e s . W h e n c a r r y o u t u n d e r g r o u n d c o n s t r u c t i o n b e n e a t h c o m p a r a t i v e l y t h i n o v e r b u r d e n l a y e r , a d e q u a t e s u p p o r t s a n d m o n i t o r i n g a c t i v i t i e s s h o u l d b e d o n e , s p e c i f i c p e r s o n s h a l l b e a s s i g n e d , a n d s a f e t y s h a l l b e g u a r a n t e e d . C o n s t r u c t i o n U n i t E n v i r . B u r e a u , P M O o f T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e Page 339 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 338 6.5 Integrated Mitigation Measures This project development is mainly aimed to get rid of over draft of underground water fundamentally through the constructions of farmland water works and scientific water resource management mode. The development of reservoirs and canal works will upgrade surface water utilization efficiency. The application of water conservation will lower down agricultural water consumption, increase industrial water consumption and improve economic value of unit water resource accordingly. The statistic and analysis on the status- quo of over draft of underground water within Turpan Prefecture and counties and cities indicate that only engineering measures would far beyond the realization of thoroughly holding back the further descending underground water table. In view of this, based on analysis on the reasons of over draft of underground water this project proposes “mechanical/electrical driven wells closing plan” and “Turpan Prefecture De-farming Plan” besides the engineering measures. The details are described below. 6.5.1 Turpan City The WB funded water conservation project in Turpan City involves a total area of 60,000 mu (surface water drip irrigation area of 10,500 mu and mechanical/electric-driven well drip irrigation area of 49,500 mu) in the townships of YaEr, AiDingHu, QiaTeKaLe, ErBao, SanBao and QiQuanHu. The main crops to be irrigated are grapes, interplant of melon and cotton, and green house vegetable. Drip irrigation is employed. Mechanical/electrical driven wells closing: there are 330 wells before the project. It is prospected that the achievement of water conservation due to project implementation will cut down 115 wells and only maintain 215 wells within the project area. De-farming: It is planned in the project that Turpan City will de-farm 23,200 mu, and the farmland within the project area in Turpan City will be reduced by 23,200 mu, from 60,000 mu before the project to 36,800 mu after the project. 6.5.2 Shanshan County The WB funded water conservation project in Shanshan County involves a total area of 50,000 mu (surface water drip irrigation area of 16,000 mu and mechanical/electric-driven well drip irrigation area of 34,000 mu) in the townships of QiKeTai, PiZhan, LuKeQin, LianMuQin, DaLangKan and TuYuGou. The main crops to be irrigated are grapes, cotton, cumin and vegetable. Drip irrigation is employed. Mechanical/electrical driven wells closing: there are 181 wells before the project. It is prospected that the achievement of water conservation due to project implementation will cut down 51 wells and only maintain 126 wells within the project area. De-farming: It is planned in the project that Shanshan County will de-farm 5500 mu, and the farmland within the project area in Shanshan County will be reduced from 50,000 mu before the project to 44,500 mu after the project. 6.5.3 Tuokesun County The WB funded water conservation project in Tuokesun County involves a total area of 50,800 mu (surface water drip irrigation area of 24,700 mu and mechanical/electric-driven Page 340 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 339 well drip irrigation area of 26,100 mu) in the townships of Xia, GuoLeBuYi, YiLaHu and BoSiTan. The main crops to be irrigated are jujube, cotton, cumin and vegetable. Drip irrigation is employed. Mechanical/electrical driven wells closing: there are 152 wells before the project. It is prospected that the achievement of water conservation due to project implementation will cut down 61 wells and only maintain 91 wells within the project area. De-farming: It is planned in the project that Tuokesun County will de-farm 5400 mu, and the farmland within the project area in Tuokesun County will be reduced from 50,800 mu before the project to 45,400 mu after the project. 6.6 Investment for Environmental Protection Measures Environmental investment for implementing both environmental protection and water and soil conservation measures under the Project totals 40.0369 million yuan, incluidng environmental protection measures investment of 9.0805 million yuan and water and soil conservation investment of 30.9564 million yuan. Statistics of Environmental Protection Investments Table 6.6-1 unit 10 4 yuan County/City No. Name of Subproject Investment for Envir. Protection Investment for Water & Soil Conserv. Total 1 Meiyaogou Reservoir 247.86 461.38 709.24 2 Water-saving Irrigation 31.674 370.01 401.684 3 Taerlang Branch Canal 26.25 158.77 185.02 Turpan City 4 Wudaolin Karez Protection 12.972 — 12.972 5 Ertanggou Reservoir 262.05 666.56 928.61 6 Water-saving Irrigation 17.33 201.67 219 Shanshan County 7 Lining of Ertanggou Branch Canal 32.05 116.65 148.7 8 Alagou Reservoir 199.57 693.88 893.45 9 Water-saving Irrigation 46.56 310.98 357.54 Tuokexun County 10 Alagou Main Canal Construction 31.73 115.74 147.47 Total 908.05 3095.64 4003.69 Page 341 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 340 7 Environment Risk Analysis and Mitigation Measures World Bank Loan Funded Turpan Water-saving Irrigation Project (hereafter as the Project) is composed mainly of reservoir construction, water-saving irrigation, canal construction/improvement and Karez protection. Of the above, reservoir construction is the biggest component in the Project in terms of construction scale, work amount and impacted area. From the practical experiences and by analyzing the whole process from the construction to operation of reservoirs, the risks in the construction and operation of reservoirs can be identified as (i) the transportation and storage of explosives and oils in the construction period, (ii) possible pollution against the river water in the construction period, (iii) dam-break in the operation period and (iv) the material ground and radioactive substances in the construction of Alagou Reservoir. The practices in water-saving irrigation and canal construction/improvement are typical hydraulic measures in agriculture. Since long, lots of similar structures have been constructed in the project area. Judging from the construction and operation since long, there is basically no possibility of environment risk from such small hydraulic structures in agriculture. The Karez protection is by nature to rehabilitate cultural relics. Both the work amount and the impacted area are small. Judging from the similar activities since long, there is no possibility of environment risk from Karez protection. Therefore, this chapter will focus on analyzing the environment risks in the construction and operation of reservoirs and proposing mitigation measures and emergency plan. 7.1. Environment Risk Assessment of Explosives and Oils 7.1.1. Risk identification The construction and operation of the 3 reservoirs will not be involved in toxic or harmful raw material or product. However, a certain amount of explosives and oils will be used in the process of construction. They are inflammable and explosive materials. In the process of transportation and storage or due to improper operation, there is risk of accident. 7.1.2. Analysis of environment risks and hazards The explosives and oils to be used by the project will be transported by highway, in which there might be traffic accident resulting possible oil leakage/burning or exploding. The accident would pollute and damage the ecological environment around. In accordance with the engineering organization and design for the reservoir construction, the explosives and oils to be used by the project will be transported by special vehicles, and the vehicles will be driven and escorted by special staff so as to effectively control the possibility of traffic accident. In the process of transportation, the load quantity per vehicle will be strictly controlled in accordance with the national stipulations relevant, so that the damage if ever will be confined within the controllable scope. 7.1.3. Risk Mitigation Measures Page 342 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 341 1 Prevention and Control Measures in the Transportation, Storage and Use of Explosives, Oils and Other Dangerous Goods In accordance with the relevant regulations from Ministry of Public Security, the transport of dangerous goods should be carefully planned before the transport and well handled in the whole process. The planned activities will include the routes, vehicle and time of transport as well as transport escorts and hand-over and acceptance. According to the current regulations on storing dangerous goods, the user is required to submit the quantity of daily use to the supply, who will deliver the dangerous goods according to the plan of daily transport so as to avoid long time store of dangerous goods. The stipulations for the use of dangerous goods will be strictly followed. The operator must have induction eligibility. It is very hot in Xinjiang summer. The vehicle to transport dangers goods should be protected from insolating. Proper time of transport should be selected and proper measures of cooling should be taken. Management of transportation safety will be strengthened. Only the drivers of good skill and high sense of responsibility will be arranged to transport dangerous goods for safe driving. Once there is an accident when dangers goods leaks in a river in the transport or when the river water is polluted by construction wastewater and/or domestic sewage, the water quality at the accident area should be checked immediately, and the diffusion and impact scope should be investigated. The communities and governments downstream should be timely informed of the accident to prevent the people and crops downstream from hazard. At the same time, this should also be reported to the upper authorities. Once there is an accident of oil leakage or there is an explosion accident, the accident area should be immediately evacuated of people. If the road or river is blocked by the explosion accident, the traffic congestion should be eased and the river should be dredged up. Professional team should be designated to investigate and evaluate the accident. The report will be one of the evidences for decision-making. Explosives and other very dangerous goods will be managed and operated by person specially assigned for them. 100 m around explosive store will be recognized as dangerous area and security cordon is arranged. In explosion operation, 100 m around the explosion zone will be evacuated and closed. 2 Management of Wastewater from Fire Fighting The management staff of the power station will be upgraded in the awareness of fire safety through information publicity and education. Management regulations of safe production will be formulated and executed. Page 343 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 342 There should be drainage around the oil storage. At the end of the drainage, a concrete tank with a volume of 1.5 times of the maximum water use in a fire fighting will be constructed to collect the wastewater from fire fighting. It is forbidden to randomly discharge the wastewater from fire fighting. 7.2. Environment Risk Assessment of River Pollution in the Construction Period 7.2.1. Risk identification The water quality target at the river sections of reservoir construction is Grade-II. According to Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996), there should be no sewage/wastewater discharge into any water body of Grade-II. Therefore, neither engineering wastewater nor domestic sewage from the project construction should be discharged into the rivers. The project construction will produce certain amount of engineering wastewater and domestic sewage. The engineering wastewater will come mainly from cleaning and repairing/maintaining machines. The major pollutants against water quality are SS and petroleum. Due to inadequate management, there will be possibility that some of the engineering wastewater will be directly discharged into the rivers or riverbeds nearby. Therefore, there will be some risk of river pollution in the construction period. 7.2.2. Analysis of Risk Hazards Meiyaogou Reservoir, Ertanggou Reservoir and Alagou Reservoir to be constructed in the project are control reservoirs in the respective catchments. Meiyaogou Reservoir and Ertanggou Reservoir will be located at the mid-reaches of Meiyaogou River and Ertanggou River, while Alagou Reservoir will be located at the upper reaches of Alagou River. The water quality in the reservoirs is directly related with the irrigation water quality downstream and the functions of the water body. 7.2.3. Risk Mitigation Measures 1 The measures of environmental protection will be effectively taken in the treatment of the engineering wastewater and domestic sewage in the construction period. 2 Publicity information and education will be strengthened to upgrade the engineering staff in their awareness of environmental protection. 3 The engineering sites and living quarters will be regularly checked to stop any activity of directly discharging engineering wastewater or domestic sewage into the river or riverbed. 4 The plan of water environment monitoring will be formulated and highly respected. 7.3. Risk of Dam-Break 7.3.1. Risk of dam-break at the reservoir to be constructed The dams to be constructed for Meiyaogou Reservoir, Ertanggou Reservoir and Alagou Reservoir will be concrete faced sand and gravel dams. In accordance with the information of 110 countries and regions from International Commission of Large Dams, 2.3% of the Page 344 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 343 large dams suffered from failure accident. Most of the dams of failure accident were earth dams (95% of the earth dams in China suffered from failure accident), while the rate of failure accident is very low in concrete faced sand and gravel dams. There have been lots of international and domestic researches on dam safety. The causes of dam damage and failure are multiple and sophisticated. The analyses are as follows: (1) Overtopping flood Upon analyzing dam accidents in history, most of the failures resulted from overtopping flood, because of (i) the inadequate design specifications so that the flood discharge structures cannot satisfy the demands of flood peak discharge; or (ii) improper dispatching. Therefore, Flood Control Standards (GB50201-94) should be highly respected in setting the design specifications for flood prevention of the dams. The requirements for flood prevention must be satisfied since this is the primary factor to keep the dams safe. Meiyaogou Reservoir and Ertanggou Reservoir will be structures of Grade- , the diversion dams will be the structures of Grade-3, the standard of flood prevention is for floods of 50 years return, and the checked standard of flood prevention is for floods of 1000 years return. The capacity of flood discharge will completely satisfy the requirements. Alagou Reservoir will be a structure of Grade- , the diversion dam will be the structure of Grade-2, the standard of flood prevention is for floods of 100 years return, and the checked standard of flood prevention is for floods of 2000 years return. The capacity of flood discharge will completely satisfy the requirements. (2) Earthquake Earthquake is possible to seriously damage the rock mass of dam abutment and the auxiliary structures. However, the proposed sites for the reservoirs and dams are relative stable places. In accordance with the geological reports, the construction of these 3 reservoirs is not likely to induce earthquake. Therefore, the possibility of large-scaled and intensive damage due to earthquake is very limited. (3) Rock avalanches of outer bank slope in reservoir The rock avalanches of outer bank slope in reservoir can result in reservoir leakage and reservoir bank instability. These can jeopardize dam safety. In accordance with the geological reports, the construction of these 3 reservoirs is not likely to induce earthquake. Therefore, the possibility of large-scaled and intensive damage due to earthquake is very limited. 4 Damage to dam foundation The deformability, permeability and stability of dam foundation are closely linked to dam safety. A dam foundation should be good enough in anti-distortion and bearing capacity. The permeability should be small and the rock mass should be complete and stable so as to prevent the base from distortion. If seepage pressure is too high, the uplift pressure would exceed the limit, and the rock mass of dam body or dam abutment would slide for instability. In accordance with the geological reports, the reservoirs to be constructed will not suffer from problems of reservoir inundation or permanent seepage. Page 345 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 344 5Improper engineering and material use If the concrete construction is not in line with the technical specifications, the concrete pouring will be of low quality. The alkali reaction of concrete aggregates would result in cracks, expansion and denudation on dam body. Low quality grouting at dam joint would result in seepage. All the above causes in engineering and material use would generate partial damage to a dam and jeopardize dam safety. However, these artificial factors are avoidable when the construction is strictly abided by the technical regulations and specifications. 6Terrorist attacks Terrorist attack can generate very serious problem. However, the possibility is very limited and this is an unforeseen factor. As can be observed from the above statements, the possibility of dam break in this project will be very limited. 7.3.2. Dam-Break Risk of Existing Reservoir In accordance with the dam safety policy of the World Bank (OP4.37), Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute (also the Dam Safety Management Center of Ministry of Water Resources) was contracted by the project office to evaluate the safety of the existing reservoirs that will be involved in the project construction. On the basis of the relevant requirements of the World Bank, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute chose 4 sets of reservoirs for safety evaluation. They are Putaogou Reservoir and Yaernaizi Reservoir in Turpan City, Kekeya Reservoir of Shanshan County and Kanerqi Reservoir in Tuokexun County. Emergency plan relevant was proposed. 7.3.2.1. Putaogou Reservoir 1 Risk Identification Putaogou Reservopir is a set of perfusion reservoir. There is no problem in flood prevention. The stability against sliding of the main dam and auxiliary dam can satisfy the technical requirement. Therefore, there will be no dam break due to overtopping. However, once the reservoir is attacked by a terrorist and a gap is exploded at the crest, there would be a dam failure due to gap scouring. The dam core wall bottom of Putaogou Reservoir is only one meter wide. According to Rolled Earth-Rock Design Code (SL274-2001), the bottom thickness of a soil impervious body should be no less than 1/4 of the water head. Therefore, the core wall of the main dam cannot satisfy the technical requirements of seepage stability. When the impermeable geomembrance in the main dam is damaged, the bottom of the core wall is likely to suffer from seepage failure to result in dam burst. Floods in Meiyaogou catchments where Putaogou Reservoir is located would threat the dam and the downstream. The normal water level of Putaogou reservoir is 125.00m. However, in accordance to the arrangement for safety impoundment of Putaogou Reservoir, the maximum water level of Putaogou Reservoir nowadays is only 117.25m. On the basis of Page 346 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 345 comprehensive considerations, the most possible emergency events of Putaogou Reservoir will include: . At the normal water level of 125.00m in reservoir, when the geomembrance in the main dam is damaged and the core wall bottom at 90.00m suffers from seepage failure, there would be piping leakage to break the dam. . At the maximum water level of 117.25 m in reservoir nowadays, when the geomembrance in the main dam is damaged and the core wall bottom at 90.00m suffers from seepage failure, there would be piping leakage to break the dam. . At the maximum water level of 117.25m in reservoir nowadays, when the main dam is attacked by a terrorist and a gap is exploded at the crest, there would be a dam failure due to gap scouring. 2Risk Analysis Any dam failure would have tragedy impact on large areas both upstream and downstream. At upstream, the sudden discharge of huge quantity of water would make the reservoir water level (especially the dam water level) drop sharply, which would instabilize the reservoir bank to cause bank caving. The surges due to bank caving would reinforce the attack against the dam. The tragedy impact of dam failure takes place mainly at downstream. The sudden discharge of huge quantity of water would build an overwhelming dam-break flow for disaster downstream. 3Protection and Mitigation Measures against Risk Establishment of Emergency Organization System With Turpan City Flood Control Headquarter as the center, flood control institutions will be set up at all the levels. With the administration chief as the head for each of the flood control institutions at the corresponding level, the responsibilities will be clarified layer by layer. There are 2 layers of flood control institutions in Turpan Prefecture -- Turpan City Flood Control Headquarter and flood control headquarters at township and farm level. Composition of Emergency Headquarter The emergency headquarter is Turpan City Flood Control Headquarter. The principle that the administration chief will take the first responsibility will be highly respected. As the chairperson of flood control headquarter, Turpan Chief Executive will take the overall responsibility of flood control in Turpan. The vice-chairpersons will be the other leaders of Turpan City Government. The members are the heads of the townships and farms. The emergency plan for Putaogou Reservoir includes detailed information of the headquarter leaders and members, such as their names, working units, positions and communication means. Emergency Patrol The patrol route is between Putaogou Reservoir and Yuergou Reservoir. The patrol time is 18~20 o’clock everyday. Page 347 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 346 The emergency plan for Putaogou Reservoir includes the name list of patrolling staff. Rescue Team. The staff are the young and strong people from Putao and Qiatekale townships and Stock Seed Farm close to Putaogou reservoir. All the rescue staff must obey the order. They should always be ready to be mobilized. In case of need, army will be requested to help. 7.3.2.2. Yaernaizi Reservoir 1Risk Identification On the basis of the field investigation and technical study of present safety situation, the most possible emergency events of Yaernaizi Reservoir will include: (i) When there is a flood of 500 year’s return or when the spillway design flood level of 500 year’s return is 16.93m, the gate hoist systems of the discharge culverts and sand flushing culvert fail to function and the discharge of emergency spillway is not smooth; (ii) At the normal water level of 15.00m in reservoir, piping leakage takes place at downstream dam toe to erode dam filling; (iii) There is a large scale of landslide at the reservoir bank (the emergency spillway could be blocked). The reservoir water level at flood period is as high as or higher than the elevation of dam crest; and (iv) There are big floods in Taerlang River on which Yaernaizi Reservoir is built and there are emergency events upstream and downstream the dam. 2Risk Analysis Once there were a dam break, the surges would destroy Yaernaizi Reservoir Management Station in 30 seconds, rush out of the valley entrance in 2 minutes to overwhelm a copper mine (0.8 km downstream) on the right and Bajiahu Village on the left, overflow Highway- 010 in 15 minutes, inundate Chunguang Yidui Village (1.3 km downstream) in 20 minutes, inundate Yeshimu Village (1.5 km downstream) in 25 minutes... 3Protection and Mitigation Measures against Risk When collapse and/or landslide happens at the reservoir, block stones, earth-sand-filled bags and gabions are thrown into the problem places until stable slope. When piping leakage happens at the landside slope or foundation of the dam, if the leakage is small, soft wedges made of cotton, straw bags or woven bags or straw bundles will be urgently used to block the hole; if the leakage is big, soft wedges made of cotton, straw bags or woven bags or straw bundles will be urgently used to block the hole, and then tarpaulin, earth-sand-filled bags and clay will be employed to reinforced the blockage. The method of “seepage interception at the riverside while diverting at the landside” will be used to solve the problem of water seepage on the dam. At the riverside slope, clay will be used to build front berm, or tarpaulin and geomembrance will be employed to isolate the seepage. At the landside slope, materials of good permeability such as sand, gravels, basketwork or straw will be used for inverse filtration, so that the soils will not be eroded and the seepage line is lowered in favor of dam stability. It is forbidden to stop the seepage at the landside slope with clay, since it will lift the seepage line to worsen the situation. Page 348 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 347 When there is a chasm on the dam, it will be directly filled up with clay-filled bags and clay. When a crack appears with serious leakage on the dam, cut-off shafts will be built along the crack at interval of 3~5m. The depth will be 0.3~0.5m lower than the crack with bottom width at least 0.5m. At the same time, front berm will be built at the riverside to intercept the leakage. When there is also leakage at the landside slope, facilities of inverse filtration will be built for diverting at landside slope. When the dam is scoured by wind-generated waves , straw mats and boundless will be spread over the riverside to protect the dam. Another method is to float woven bag and plastic film on water surface to reduce waves. The measures to protect the dam from overtopping will include: (i) Earth dyke is built at the riverside slope on dam crest 0.5~1.0m from the dam abutment. The dyke will be 0.5~1.0m wide with the side slope no steeper than 1:1. The dyke should be higher than the calculated maximum water level. When building a dyke, a binding groove will be excavated along its axis. The groove will be 0.2m deep with the bottom width around 0.3m and side slope of 1:1. Before the construction, the site should be cleared up and grooved in favor of binding the existing and new material. The building material should be clay. (ii) Earth-filled bag dyke will be built 0.5~1.0m from the dam abutment. The bags will be split-level paved. The riverside slope of the dyke will be 1:0.5. The dyke should be higher than the calculated maximum water level. (iii) Pile dyke will be constructed 0.5~1.0m along the riverside slope of the dam abutment. The pile length will depend on the design dyke height. The piles will be knocked 1/3~1/2 into the soil at intervals of 0.5~1m. Tree branches and boards will be fastened behind the piles and stones and clay will be compacted behind the piles. 7.3.2.3. Kekeya Reservoir 1Risk Identification On the basis of the field investigation and technical study of present safety situation, the most possible emergency events of the concrete-faced dam at Kekeya Reservoir will happen (i) the flood water below the flood prevention limit, (ii) the flood exceeding the flood prevention limit, (iii) when there is a flood of 1000 year’s return, (iv) when the spillway is blocked due to land slide or (v) when the gate hoist systems of the discharge culverts fail to function. 2Risk Analysis Once there were dam break, the surges would destroy Kekeya Reservoir Management Station (0.3 km from the dam). The water head would lower to 2 m when it rushes to Kekeya Village 3~7 km downstream. It would still be 0.5 m even when 45 km downstream. The dam break flow will inundate Kekeya Village, the northwest part of Shanshan Township, Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway, National Highway-312, zones of irrigated agriculture … There would be a tragedy impact. 3Protection and Mitigation Measures aga inst Risk Establishment of Emergency Organization System Page 349 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 348 Shanshan County Government is the emergency headquarter. The executing office of the emergency headquarter is located in the building of Shanshan County Kekeya Catchments Management Division. Compo sition of Emergency Headquarter The emergency headquarter is Shanshan County Flood Control Headquarter. The principle that the administration chief will take the first responsibility will be highly respected. As the chairperson of flood control headquarter, Shanshan County Government chairperson will take the overall responsibility of flood control in Shanshan County. The vice-chairpersons will be the other leaders of Shanshan County Government. The members are the heads of the townships and farms. The emergency plan for Kekeya Reservoir includes detailed information of the headquarter leaders and members, such as their names, working units, positions and communication means. Emergency Information Publicity Once emergency event or phenomena at reservoir dam is observed, the observer (i.e. patrolling staff) should report it immediately to the front director of the headquarter Mr. Zhu Jinggang (Director of Shanshan County Bureau of Water Resources, Mobile: 13909958286) or the deputy Mr. Shi Changghuang (Director of Shanshan County Kekeya Catchments Management Division; Tel: 8328666). Immediate action should be taken according to the director’s instruction, and the details of the emergency event or phenomena should be recorded. Emergency Patrol Once the emergency plan is put into action, adequate staff should be arranged especially at the key points for more intensive patrolling and observation (at least 2 people in one shift and take turns on duty in 24 hours per day). The information should be timely reported to the director or the deputy, and the details of the follow-up phenomena and action should be timely recorded. Emergency Evacuation and Temporary Resettlement Once emergency event or phenomena at reservoir dam is observed very serious with possibility of dam break, the front director should immediately apply to Shanshan County Government for the order of emergency evacuation and temporary resettlement. The impacted people downstream should evacuate within 30 minutes after the reception of the warning. The basic conditions should be provided to the resettlers in terms of accommodation, medical care, transportation, communication, education and social security. Responsibilities of each of the measures should be clarified to the rescue staff. 7.3.2.4. Kanerqi Reservoir 1Risk Identification On the basis of the field investigation and technical study of present safety situation, the most possible emergency events of the concrete core wall rock-earth dam at Kanerqi Reservoir will happen (i) the flood water below the flood prevention limit, (ii) the flood Page 350 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 349 exceeding the flood prevention limit, (iii) when there is a flood of 1000 year’s return, or (iv) when the spillway is blocked due to land slide. 2Risk Analysis Once there were dam break at spillway design flood, the surges would destroy Kanerqi Catchments Management Division (0.3 km from the dam). The water head would not lower to 2 m until it rushes to the northeast of Huochezhan Township 13 km downstream. It would still be one meter even when 20 km downstream. The dam break flow will inundate Shanshan County Railway Station, the east part of Huochezhan Township, Lanzhou- Xinjiang Railway, National Highway-312, Turpan-Hami Oil Field, zones of irrigated agriculture … There would be a tragedy impact. 3Protection and Mitigation Measures against Risk The emergency organization system will be built of emergency headquarter, the executing office of the headquarter, front group and supporting group. Shanshan County Government is the emergency headquarter. The executing office of the emergency headquarter is located in the building of Shanshan County Kanerqi Catchments Management Division. Under the leadership of Shanshan County Government, the emergency headquarter is composed of leading representatives of all the related sectors. The headquarter is to lead and coordinate all the related forces for joint action. The emergency plan for Kanerqi Reservoir includes detailed information of the headquarter leaders and members, such as their names, working units, positions and communication means. Rescue staff are the young and strong people from the nearby townships, enterprises and institutions. All the rescue staff must obey the order. They should always be ready to be mobilized. In case of need, army will be requested to help. 7.4. Radioactivity Risk 1Risk Analysis In accordance with the survey, there are some residues from the previous Yuergou Coal Mine and Mine-505 at the riverbed of Yuergou Catchments at the north of Alagou District. The tailings and spoil content 3 radioactive substances such as uranium, thorium and radium- 226. The residues are the small quantity of tailings and spoil mixed in the sand and gravels on riverbed after clearance. Although the radioactivity dosage is relatively small, there are still possible impacts on the regional environment and public health. To avoid any risks of radioactivity, therefore, it is suggested to forbid excavating sand, gravel or earth material downstream the tailings and spoil at the riverbed in Yuergou. 2Prevention Measures To avoid any risks of radioactivity, it is forbidden to excavate sand, gravel or earth material downstream the tailings and spoil at the riverbed in Yuergou. Warning boards will be erected around the problem area. Page 351 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 350 The engineeri ng staff will be informed of the existence and area scope of the radioactivity substances as well as the consequence. Page 352 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 351 8 Alternative Analyses 8.1 With and Without-Project Analysis The project will reduce losses of the downstream area caused by flood and store flood resources to supply more water for industrial and agricultural development in Turpan Prefecture through building reservoirs in mountainous area. The project will upgrade on- farm water irrigation and reduce non-beneficial evapotranspiration through constructing or rehabilitating the main irrigation system. The project will also protect cultural heritage through resuming the Karez system. The more important benefit from the project is that the reduction of non-beneficial evapotranspiration is based on integrated water resource and ecological environment management. That will maximize the role of the proposed and existing water facilities under the project, realize sustainable utilization of water resource, protect the ecological environment and promote the social and economic development of Turpan Prefecture. However, the implementation of the project will bring about some adverse impacts such as reduction of land resources due to occupation, resettlement for Ertanggou Reservoir, and environmental impacts of each subproject during its construction period. Table 8.1-1 With and Without-Project Analysis Items With-Project Scenario Without-Project Scenario Advantages - Implementation of the Project is in line with the 11th Five Year Water Conservancy Development Plan of Turpan Prefecture; - Urban and industrial water supply will be increased and thus economic benefits can be achieved; - Upgraded agricultural productivity with better agricultural water supply; - Mitigated tendency of falling groundwater table in the project area; - Gradually improved eco-environment of the project area; - Protection of cultural heritage, the Karez; - Strengthened institutional capacity in integrated water resource management. - Current environmental status will be maintained, without potential adverse environmental impacts caused by construction under the Project Disadvantages - Occupation of some land resources; - Short term adverse impacts caused by construction and resettlement because of the Project. - Low irrigation water use efficiency, low economic value of water resources, and unsustainable water resources utilization; - Impeded social and economic development of the prefecture caused by serious shortage in water resources required for industrial development and further deteriorated conflict between water supply and demand; - Continuous falling of groundwater table; - Accelerated drying up of Karezes; - Escalating ecological migration; - Laggard improvement in institutional capacity in water resource management. - Unmitigated flood disasters caused to lives and properties in the downstream area; - That results in further eco-environmental deterioration. Overall Analysis With and without-project analysis above indicates that the implementation of the project is of positive significance to the regional social and economic development and natural environment improvement and it will transform the development pattern of Turpan Prefecture from unsustainable economic development at the cost of destroying the environment to sustainable social and economic development while protecting the environment. Therefore, with-project scenario is better than the without-project scenario based on social and economic analysis. Page 353 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 352 From the above comparison, although the without-project scenario will maintain the current environmental status and has no environmental impacts, it is unfavorable to the social and economic development of the project area. The with-project scenario, though bringing with it certain environmental impacts, will produce great environmental, social and economic benefits, and the adverse impacts of its construction and operation can be mitigated to acceptable level by taking various engineering and management measures. Therefore, the with-project scenario is better than the without-project one. 8.2 Reservoir Construction Subprojects 8.2.1 Dam Site Environmental Analysis of Meiyaogou Reservoir At this stage two dam site alternatives are proposed, namely, the upper dam site and the lower dam site. The upper one is about 200m upstream of Meiyaogou Hydrometric Station, 4km downstream of Renmin Canal headwork, and 2.3km away from the mountain pass of the hilly area. The lower one is about 7km downstream of Meiyaogou Hydrometric Station and 1.8km downstream of the railway bridge of the Meiyaogou River. The details are shown in Fig. 8.2-1. Through an overall comparison in terms of main structures in such aspects as comprehensive use, topographical and geological conditions, construction conditions and project investment, the conditions of the two dam site alternatives are basically identical. However, since the main task of the reservoir is to supply water to Shenhong Chemical Industry Park, the upper dam site alternative will have a lower operation cost because gravity water supply can be realized. Additionally, a dam at the upper site can regulate and control the Meiyaogou River water overall. Consequently, the upper dam site alternative is recommended in terms of main structures at this stage. The Environmental Impact Assessment Report of the project presents alternative analysis of the upper and lower dam sites in regard to environment and shows the same result as the analysis in perspective of main structures. The detailed alternative analysis process is shown in Table 8.2-1. Page 354 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 353 Fig. 8.2-1 Sketch of Dam Site Alternatives of Meiyaogou Reservoir \03 fl\03\03\03\03\03\03\03\03\03\03ff\03\03\03\03\03\03\03\03\03\03dotaccent\03\03\03\03\03\03\03\03 \03 fifflNP \03 Upper Dam Site (Recommended) Headwork of Remin Canal )ORZ \03 Lower Dam Site )ORZ\03 \03 Page 355 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 354 T a b l e 8 . 2 - 1 A l t e r n a t i v e A n a l y s i s o f t h e U p p e r a n d L o w e r D a m S i t e s o f M e i y a o g o u R e s e r v o i r O p t i o n s F a c t o r s U p p e r D a m S i t e ( R e c o m m e n d e d ) L o w e r D a m S i t e A n a l y s i s T o p o g r a p h i c a l a n d G e o l o g i c a l C o n d i t i o n s T h e u p p e r d a m s i t e i s l o c a t e d o n t h e r i v e r b e d o f M e i y a o g o u R i v e r i n t h e h i l l y a r e a . T h e s l o p e o f t h e l e f t b a n k o f t h e r i v e r i s s t e e p a n d n e e d s s c a l i n g . T h e r e a r e t h r e e g u l l i e s d e v e l o p e d t h e r e . T h e l o w e r d a m s i t e i s l o c a t e d o n t h e r i v e r b e d o f t h e M e i y a o g o u R i v e r o n t h e p i e d m o n t i n c l i n e d p l a i n , w h e r e t h e v a l l e y i s U - s h a p e d w i t h b a s i c a l l y e q u a l h e i g h t o f b o t h b a n k s . T h e l e f t b a n k i s s l i g h t l y s t e e p a n d n e e d s s c a l i n g . A g u l l y i s d e v e l o p e d a l o n g t h e l e f t b a n k . E n g i n e e r i n g G e o l o g y T h e d a m s i t e i s o f Q u a t e r n a r y s t r a t u m , 2 . 5 k m a w a y f r o m F r a c t u r e F 1 a h e a d o f t h e m o u n t a i n . T h e r e i s n o f a u l t d e v e l o p e d i n t h e a r e a . T h e d a m a r e a s u f f e r s s e e p a g e p r o b l e m a n d n e e d s s e e p a g e c o n t r o l t r e a t m e n t . T h e s l o p e o f t h e l e f t b a n k i s s t e e p a n d n e e d s s c a l i n g . T h e r e a r e t h r e e g u l l i e s d e v e l o p e d t h e r e , s o f l o o d a n d d e b r i s f l o w c o n t r o l s h o u l d b e n o t i c e d . T h e d a m s i t e i s o f Q u a t e r n a r y s t r a t u m a n d a b o u t 9 k m a w a y f r o m F r a c t u r e F 1 a h e a d o f t h e m o u n t a i n . T h e r e i s n o f a u l t d e v e l o p e d i n t h e a r e a . T h e d a m a r e a s u f f e r s s e e p a g e p r o b l e m a n d n e e d s s e e p a g e c o n t r o l t r e a t m e n t . T h e s l o p e o f t h e l e f t b a n k i s s l i g h t l y s t e e p a n d n e e d s s c a l i n g . A g u l l y i s d e v e l o p e d a l o n g t h e l e f t b a n k , s o f l o o d c o n t r o l s h o u l d b e n o t i c e d . B o t h t h e u p p e r a n d t h e l o w e r d a m s i t e s a r e l o c a t e d o n t h e m o d e r n r i v e r b e d o f t h e M e i y a o g o u R i v e r . T h e l a n d f o r m , r e l i e f a n d s t r a t u s l i t h o l o g y o f b o t h s i t e s a r e b a s i c a l l y i d e n t i c a l . T h e y a r e a t t h e s a m e r e g i o n a l g e o l o g i c a l s t r u c t u r e a n d h a v e a l m o s t i d e n t i c a l b a s i c s e i s m i c i n t e n s i t y a n d r e g i o n a l s t r u c t u r e s t a b i l i t y . T h e i m p a c t o f g u l l i e s c a n b e m i t i g a t e d b y e n g i n e e r i n g m e a s u r e s . C o n s t r u c t i o n C o n d i t i o n s T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n s p a c e a t t h e d a m s i t e i s b r o a d , d a m a r e a t h a t n e e d s c l e a n u p a n d s e e p a g e p r e v e n t i o n u s i n g g e o m e m b r a n e i s s m a l l . I n t e n s i t y o f d a m b o d y f i l l i n g i s l o w e r , a n d d i s t a n c e s t o p o w e r s u p p l y a n d w a t e r s o u r c e a r e s h o r t . L a y o u t o f c o n s t r u c t i o n r o a d f o r d a m c o n s t r u c t i o n i s e a s i e r a n d t h e d i s t a n c e f r o m t h e d a m s i t e a n d s p o i l a r e a i s a b o u t 1 . 5 k m . T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n s p a c e a t t h e d a m s i t e i s b r o a d , d a m a r e a t h a t n e e d s c l e a n u p a n d s e e p a g e p r e v e n t i o n u s i n g g e o m e m b r a n e i s b i g g e r . I n t e n s i t y o f d a m b o d y f i l l i n g i s g r e a t e r , a n d d i s t a n c e s t o p o w e r s u p p l y a n d w a t e r s o u r c e a r e s h o r t . T h e d i s t a n c e f r o m t h e d a m s i t e a n d s p o i l a r e a i s a b o u t 3 . 5 k m . T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n d i t i o n o f t h e u p p e r d a m s i t e a l t e r n a t i v e i s s l i g h t l y b e t t e r t h a n t h a t o f t h e l o w e r o n e . I n d u s t r i a l W a t e r S u p p l y M e t h o d s G r a v i t y w a t e r s u p p l y c a n b e r e a l i z e d . C o n s t r u c t i o n o f a p u m p i n g s t a t i o n i s n e e d e d . T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f a p u m p i n g s t a t i o n w i l l e x p a n d l a n d o c c u p a t i o n a n d s o i l d i s t u r b a n c e a n d i n c r e a s e w o r k q u a n t i t i e s , w h i l e g r a v i t y w a t e r s u p p l y c a n s a v e e n e r g y a n d r e d u c e w a s t e e m i s s i o n . Q u a n t i t i e s o f E a r t h a n d R o c k W o r k D a m f i l l i n g t o t a l s 1 . 4 6 9 m i l l i o n m 3 a n d e a r t h e x c a v a t i o n i s 2 . 2 0 7 m i l l i o n m 3 D a m b o d y f i l l i n g i s 1 . 1 2 1 m i l l i o n m 3 , a n d e x c a v a t i o n i s 1 . 8 1 7 m i l l i o n m 3 E a r t h e x c a v a t i o n o f t h e u p p e r d a m s i t e a l t e r n a t i v e i s b i g g e r . Main Structures I n v e s t m e n t ( 1 0 4 y u a n ) 1 8 8 4 9 1 9 4 5 2 T h e i n v e s t m e n t o f t h e u p p e r d a m s i t e a l t e r n a t i v e i s l e s s . L a n d O c c u p a t i o n L a n d o c c u p i e d b y t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n i s m a i n l y b a r r e n r o c k a n d g r a v e l a r e a , m o u n t a i n a r e a a l o n g b o t h b a n k s o f t h e r i v e r a n d r i v e r b e d o f b a r e g r a v e l s , w h e r e b a s i c a l l y t h e r e i s n o v e g e t a t i o n . L a n d o c c u p i e d b y t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n i s m a i n l y b a r r e n r o c k a n d g r a v e l a r e a a n d r i v e r b e d o f b a r e g r a v e l s , w h e r e b a s i c a l l y t h e r e i s n o v e g e t a t i o n . L a n d o c c u p a t i o n o f b o t h a l t e r n a t i v e s i s s i m i l a r . Environmental Rationality I n u n d a t i o n L o s s e s S o m e p h y s i c a l o b j e c t s w i l l b e i n u n d a t e d , a n d t h e i n u n d a t i o n a r e a o f t h e r e s e r v o i r i s 0 . 5 6 k m 2 . B a s e d o n f i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n , i n u n d a t i o n l o s s e s a r e s m a l l e r t h a n t h e u p p e r d a m s i t e p l a n , w i t h r e s e r v o i r i n u n d a t i o n a r e a o f 0 . 6 k m 2 . T h e l o w e r d a m s i t e a l t e r n a t i v e h a s s m a l l e r i n u n d a t i o n l o s s e s , s o i t i s s u p e r i o r t h e u p p e r o n e . Page 356 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 355 R e s e t t l e m e n t N o r e s e t t l e m e n t w i l l b e c a u s e d . N e i t h e r o f t h e a l t e r n a t i v e s w i l l c a u s e r e s e t t l e m e n t . R a r e F a u n a a n d F l o r a S p e c i e s T h e r e i s n o d i s t r i b u t i o n o f r a r e f a u n a o r f l o r a s p e c i e s f o u n d i n t h e p e r m a n e n t l y o r t e m p o r a r i l y o c c u p i e d l a n d a r e a s . N e i t h e r o f t h e a l t e r n a t i v e s w i l l h a v e i m p a c t o n r a r e f a u n a o r f l o r a s p e c i e s . I m p a c t o n R i v e r E c o - e n v i r o n m e n t E c o - e n v i r o n m e n t o f t h e r i v e r c h a n n e l a t t h e d o w n s t r e a m i s s i m i l a r . B a s i c a l l y t h e r e i s n o f l o w i n t h e r i v e r c h a n n e l , e x c e p t f l o o d i n s u m m e r f l o o d s e a s o n . I m p a c t s o n e c o - e n v i r o n m e n t o f t h e r i v e r o f b o t h a l t e r n a t i v e s a r e s i m i l a r . I m p a c t o n W a t e r a n d S o i l E r o s i o n E a r t h a n d r o c k e x c a v a t i o n a n d f i l l i n g f o r t h e u p p e r d a m s i t e p l a n a r e b o t h b i g g e r t h a n t h o s e f o r t h e l o w e r d a m s i t e p l a n , t h u s r e s u l t i n g i n m o r e w a t e r a n d s o i l e r o s i o n b e c a u s e o f s o i l d i s t u r b a n c e a n d s p o i l . T h e l o w e r d a m s i t e a l t e r n a t i v e i s s u p e r i o r t o t h e u p p e r o n e . E n v i r o n m e n t a l S e n s i t i v e A r e a s N o n a t u r a l r e s e r v e i s i n v o l v e d ; W i t h o u t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h e T h r e e A r e a s f o r f i s h s p e c i e s ; W i t h o u t e x i s t i n g v a l l e y f o r e s t ; C o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a o f t h e l o w e r d a m s i t e i s l o c a t e d i n t h e g o b i a r e a , f a r f r o m t h e r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s ; t h e u p p e r d a m s i t e r e q u i r e s u s e o f t h e v i l l a g e r o a d o f M e i y a o g o u V i l l a g e a s e n t r a n c e r o a d t o t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a , a l o n g t h e r o a d a r e r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a a n d a s c h o o l , w i t h a c l o s e s t d i s t a n c e t o t h e r o a d o f w i t h i n 5 m . T h e l o w e r d a m s i t e a l t e r n a t i v e i s s u p e r i o r t o t h e u p p e r o n e . Page 357 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 356 Conclusions from the alternative analysis: Table 8.2-1 shows that the upper dam site alternative is better than the lower one in terms of main structures, and the lower dam site alternative is better than the upper one in terms of environmental protection. However, since both alternatives don ’t have environmental constraints, as long as the environmental protection measures stated above are strictly taken during the construction and operation periods of the project, the upper dam site alternative is still feasible. 8.2.2 Dam Site Environmental Analysis of Ertanggou Reservoir At the dam site selection stage two dam site alternatives are proposed for Ertanggou Reservoir, namely, the upper dam site (Shuiwenzhan dam site) and the lower dam site (Tuowanmailai dam site). The upper one is located 14km upstream of the mountain pass of the Ertanggou River, and the lower one is 900m downstream of the upper one. Through an overall comparison in perspective of main structures in such aspects as topographical and geological conditions, engineering geology and construction conditions, generally the lower dam site alternative is better than the upper one. The Environmental Impact Assessment Report of the project presents alternative analysis in regard to environment and shows the same result as the analysis in perspective of main structures. The detailed alternative analysis process is shown in Table 8.2-2. Page 358 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 357 Fiure 8.2-2 Sketch Map of Dam Site of Ertanggou Reservoir \03 /RZHU\03'DP\036LWH \03 Upper Dam Site Recommended \03 \03 \03 fl\03\03\03\03\03\03ffl\03\03\03\03\03\03ff\03\03\03\03\03caronNP\03 fl \03 fi \03 \03 \03 \03 Page 359 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 3 5 8 T a b l e 8 . 2 - 2 A l t e r n a t i v e A n a l y s i s o f t h e U p p e r a n d L o w e r D a m S i t e s o f E r t a n g g o u R e s e r v o i r O p t i o n s F a c t o r s U p p e r D a m S i t e L o w e r D a m S i t e ( R e c o m m e n d e d ) A n a l y s i s T o p o g r a p h i c a l a n d G e o l o g i c a l C o n d i t i o n s T h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a s o f t h e b o t h d a m s i t e s a r e i n t h e v a l l e y o f s a m e l a n d f o r m u n i t a n d h a v e a l m o s t i d e n t i c a l t o p o g r a p h i c a l a n d l a n d f o r m c o n d i t i o n s . A l o n g b o t h b a n k s o f t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a a r e h i g h a n d b r o a d m o u n t a i n s , w i t h s u m m i t e l e v a t i o n r a n g i n g f r o m 1 5 5 0 m t o 2 0 0 0 m . T h e v a l l e y a t t h e d a m s i t e i s U - s h a p e d a n d 2 5 0 - 5 0 0 m w i d e o n t h e b o t t o m , a n d h a s s l o p e v a r y i n g f r o m 3 0 ° t o 7 0 ° . T h e v a l l e y i s n o r t h - s o u t h w a r d w i t h a l o n g i t u d i n a l g r a d i e n t o f a b o u t 3 % . , b e i n g a c r o s s v a l l e y . L e v e l - I t o L e v e l - I V t e r r a c e s a r e l o c a t e d a l o n g b o t h b a n k s , w i t h s l o p e s w i t h a n g l e s f r o m 3 0 ° t o 5 0 ° a n d b e i n g a b r u p t i n s o m e p a r t s . O n t h e r i g h t b a n k o f t h e d a m s i t e a r e o u t c r o p p i n g b a s e r o c k s . L e v e l - I t o L e v e l - I V t e r r a c e s a r e l o c a t e d a l o n g b o t h b a n k s . L e v e l I I I t e r r a c e s h a v e a s u r f a c e e l e v a t i o n a b o v e 1 4 8 0 m a n d a w i d t h o f 1 0 - 2 0 m n o r m a l l y . M o s t o f L e v e l - I V t e r r a c e s h a v e b e e n e r o d e d , o n l y a f e w s c a t t e r e d a b o v e E l . 1 5 1 5 m o n t h e l e f t b a n k b e t w e e n t h e t w o s i t e s . G u l l i e s a r e d e v e l o p e d o n b o t h b a n k s i n t h e r e s e r v o i r a r e a , e s p e c i a l l y o n t h e l e f t b a n k . T h e i n t e r n a l b e t w e e n g u l l i e s i s 3 0 0 - 5 0 0 m o n t h e l e f t b a n k a n d 5 0 0 - 8 0 0 m o n t h e r i g h t b a n k . M o s t o f t h e g u l l i e s a r e o r t h o g o n a l t o t h e v a l l e y a n d e x t e n d 3 0 0 - 7 0 0 m l o n g w i t h a d e p t h l e s s t h a n 1 0 0 m . E n g i n e e r i n g G e o l o g y I n t h e r i v e r b e d o v e r b u r d e n t h e r e i s m a i n l y p o r e p h r e a t i c w a t e r b u t w i t h o u t o b v i o u s c o n f i n e d w a t e r . T h e p e r m e a b i l i t y o f t h e r i g h t b a n k i s c l o s e t o t h a t o f t h e l o w e r d a m s i t e o p t i o n a n d i s a t t h e s a m e l e v e l . T h e d a m s i t e i s 1 4 k m a w a y f r o m F r a c t u r e F 2 a h e a d o f t h e m o u n t a i n . I n t h e d a m s i t e a r e a t h e r e i s n o l a r g e f a u l t b u t q u i t e d e v e l o p e d f o l d s t r u c t u r e . T h e r i g h t a b u t m e n t i s f o l d e d a n d f r a c t u r e d , t h a t w i l l h a v e a c e r t a i n i m p a c t o n t h e r o c k s t a b i l i t y a n d s e e p a g e t h e r e . I n t h e r i v e r b e d o v e r b u r d e n t h e r e i s c o n f i n e d w a t e r u n d e r a d e p t h o f 2 0 m b e s i d e s p o r e p h r e a t i c w a t e r . T h e m e d i u m p e r v i o u s r o c k e x t e n d s q u i t e a l a r g e a r e a a t t h e r i g h t a b u t m e n t a n d t h e r e i s p o s s i b i l i t y o f s e e p a g e b y p a s s i n g t h e d a m . T h e d a m s i t e i s a b o u t 1 3 k m a w a y f r o m F r a c t u r e F 2 a h e a d o f t h e m o u n t a i n . T h e m a i n f a u l t s i n t h e a r e a a r e F 1 0 5 , F 1 3 6 , f 2 2 , a n d f 1 3 4 , a n d t h e m a i n f o l d s t r u c t u r e s a r e A n t i c l i n e 3 a n d S y n c l i n e 1 . T h e y w i l l h a v e a c e r t a i n i m p a c t o n t h e t u f f s t a b i l i t y a n d s e e p a g e o n t h e r i g h t b a n k . B o t h t h e u p p e r a n d t h e l o w e r d a m s i t e s a r e l o c a t e d o n m o u n t a i n o u s v a l l e y o f t h e E r t a n g g o u R i v e r a n d a t t h e s a m e r e g i o n a l g e o l o g i c a l s t r u c t u r e , a n d h a v e a l m o s t i d e n t i c a l b a s i c s e i s m i c i n t e n s i t y a n d r e g i o n a l s t r u c t u r e s t a b i l i t y . T h e d a m c a n b e b u i l t a t e i t h e r s i t e , b u t t h e s p e c i f i c e n g i n e e r i n g g e o l o g i c a l c o n d i t i o n s f o r d a m b u i l d i n g o f t h e t w o s i t e s a r e d i f f e r e n t . A n a l y s i s i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e r o c k s o u n d n e s s a n d c a v e r n s t a b i l i t y o f t h e l o w e r d a m s i t e a r e b e t t e r t h a n t h e u p p e r o n e . C o n s t r u c t i o n C o n d i t i o n s T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e i s q u i t e o p e n a n d t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n d i t i o n s a r e b e t t e r t h a n t h e l o w e r d a m s i t e . H o w e v e r , t h e r i v e r b e d o v e r b u r d e n r e q u i r e s 3 0 0 m w i d e o f s e e p a g e t r e a t m e n t , a n d t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f c u t o f f w a l l i s d i f f i c u l t a n d n e e d s l o n g t i m e . T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e i s q u i t e n a r r o w a n d t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n d i t i o n s a r e p o o r e r . H o w e v e r , o n l y 1 3 0 m w i d e a r e a n e e d s c u t o f f w a l l , a n d t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f c u t o f f w a l l i s e a s i e r t h a n t h e u p p e r d a m s i t e . T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n d i t i o n o f t h e l o w e r d a m s i t e a l t e r n a t i v e i s s l i g h t l y b e t t e r t h a n t h a t o f t h e u p p e r o n e . Q u a n t i t i e s o f E a r t h a n d R o c k W o r k E a r t h - r o c k e x c a v a t i o n i s 1 5 5 , 1 0 0 m 3 , e a r t h - r o c k f i l l i n g t o t a l s 1 9 9 . 2 0 m 3 , t e m p o r a r y c o n s t r u c t i o n s p o i l 1 3 1 , 0 0 0 m 3 , a n d p e r m a n e n t s p o i l 5 8 , 5 0 0 m 3 . E a r t h - r o c k e x c a v a t i o n i s 1 4 6 , 5 0 0 m 3 , e a r t h - r o c k f i l l i n g t o t a l s 2 0 1 . 2 5 m 3 , t e m p o r a r y c o n s t r u c t i o n s p o i l 1 1 4 , 0 0 0 m 3 , a n d p e r m a n e n t s p o i l 5 1 , 0 0 0 m 3 . E a r t h e x c a v a t i o n o f t h e u p p e r d a m s i t e a l t e r n a t i v e i s b i g g e r . Main Structures I n v e s t m e n t ( 1 0 4 y u a n ) 3 2 2 5 3 3 2 0 3 8 T h e i n v e s t m e n t o f t h e l o w e r d a m s i t e a l t e r n a t i v e i s l e s s . L a n d O c c u p a t i o n L a n d o c c u p i e d b e l o n g s t o d e s e r t g r a s s l a n d . P e r m a n e n t l a n d o c c u p a t i o n a r e a b y t h e d a m i s b a s i c a l l y t h e s a m e . B u t b e c a u s e o f t h e n e e d t o c o n s t r u c t a w a t e r d i v e r s i o n c a n a l o f 1 k m i n l e n g t h t o c o n n e c t w i t h t h e e x i s t i n g E r t a n g g o u m a i n c a n a l , l a n d t o b e o c c u p i e d t o t a l s 1 5 2 h m 2 . L a n d o c c u p i e d b e l o n g s t o d e s e r t g r a s s l a n d . P e r m a n e n t l a n d o c c u p a t i o n a r e a b y t h e d a m i s b a s i c a l l y t h e s a m e . S i n c e t h e i r r i g a t i o n w a t e r r e l e a s e t u n n e l c a n d i r e c t l y c o n n e c t w i t h t h e e x i s t i n g E r t a n g g o u m a i n c a n a l , t h e r e i s n o n e e d o f c o n s t r u c t i o n o f n e w c a n a l . L a n d t o b e o c c u p i e d t o t a l s 1 3 5 . 4 0 h m 2 . I n u n d a t i o n L o s s e s T h e r e s e r v o i r b a c k w a t e r i s 2 . 5 k m i n l e n g t h , a n d t h e i n u n d a t e d a r e a o f t h e b a c k w a t e r i s 8 6 . 4 1 h m 2 . T h e r e s e r v o i r b a c k w a t e r i s 2 . 0 0 k m i n l e n g t h , a n d t h e i n u n d a t e d a r e a o f t h e b a c k w a t e r i s 8 3 . 9 5 h m 2 . Environmental Rationality R e s e t t l e m e n t 9 7 p e o p l e t o b e r e s e t t l e d i n t o t a l . 9 7 p e o p l e t o b e r e s e t t l e d i n t o t a l . B o t h o p t i o n s h a v e n o e n v i r o n m e n t a l c o n s t r a i n t s f r o m t h e p o i n t o f v i e w o f e n v i r o n m e n t a l i m p a c t a n a l y s i s . B a s e d o n i n u n d a t e d p h y s i c a l o b j e c t s a n d a r e a , t h e l o s s e s c a u s e d b y t h e u p p e r d a m s i t e o p t i o n i s b i g g e r t h a n t h e l o w e r d a m s i t e o p t i o n , a n d t h e u p p e r d a m s i t e o p t i o n Page 360 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 3 5 9 R a r e F a u n a a n d F l o r a S p e c i e s T h e t e r r a c e s a l o n g t h e r i v e r b a n k s a r e o f d e s e r t g r a s s l a n d t y p e , w i t h m a i n l y d r y l a n d b u s h e s a n d s e m i - d r y l a n d b u s h e s c o n s i s t i n g o f c a r a g a n a , s e m i - E q u i s e t i H i e m a l i s a n d f r u c t u s k o c h i a e a s t h e m a i n s p e c i e s , a n d a l s o v a r i o u s s p e c i e s o f g r a s s , w i t h v e g e t a t i o n c o v e r a g e r a t i o o f a b o u t 2 0 % . T h e r e i s n o d i s t r i b u t i o n o f r a r e f a u n a o r f l o r a s p e c i e s f o u n d i n t h e p e r m a n e n t l y o r t e m p o r a r i l y o c c u p i e d l a n d a r e a s . T h e t e r r a c e s a l o n g t h e r i v e r b a n k s a r e o f d e s e r t g r a s s l a n d t y p e , w i t h m a i n l y d r y l a n d b u s h e s a n d s e m i - d r y l a n d b u s h e s c o n s i s t i n g o f c a r a g a n a , s e m i - E q u i s e t i H i e m a l i s a n d f r u c t u s k o c h i a e a s t h e m a i n s p e c i e s , a n d a l s o v a r i o u s s p e c i e s o f g r a s s , w i t h v e g e t a t i o n c o v e r a g e r a t i o o f a b o u t 1 0 % . T h e r e i s n o d i s t r i b u t i o n o f r a r e f a u n a o r f l o r a s p e c i e s f o u n d i n t h e p e r m a n e n t l y o r t e m p o r a r i l y o c c u p i e d l a n d a r e a s . I m p a c t s o n A q u a t i c E c o l o g y T h e t w o d a m s i t e s a r e a t a d i s t a n c e o f 9 0 0 m o n l y a n d t h e i r a q u a t i c e c o l o g y i s s i m i l a r , s o t h e i m p a c t o f b o t h s i t e s o n t h e a q u a t i c e c o l o g y o f t h e r i v e r c h a n n e l i s b a s i c a l l y i d e n t i c a l . W a t e r a n d S o i l E r o s i o n 1 5 2 . 0 h m 2 o f s o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n a r e a w i l l b e d a m a g e d i n p r o j e c t c o n s t r u c t i o n , a n d 3 2 2 7 1 t o f s o i l e r o s i o n b e c a u s e d b y s o i l d i s t u r b a n c e i n c o n s t r u c t i o n . 1 3 5 . 4 0 h m 2 o f s o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n a r e a w i l l b e d a m a g e d i n p r o j e c t c o n s t r u c t i o n , a n d 3 1 5 1 9 . 8 t o f s o i l e r o s i o n b e c a u s e d b y s o i l d i s t u r b a n c e i n c o n s t r u c t i o n . E n v i r o n m e n t a l S e n s i t i v e A r e a s W i t h o u t a n y n a t u r a l r e s e r v e ; W i t h o u t f o r e s t i n t h e v a l l e y . a n d t h e u p p e r d a m s i t e o p t i o n n e e d s t o c o n s t r u c t a w a t e r d i v e r s i o n c a n a l o f a b o u t 1 k m i n l e n g t h , w h i l e t h e l o w e r d a m s i t e o p t i o n d o e s n o t h a v e s u c h a n e e d a n d t h u s i t s e a r t h a n d r o c k q u a n t i t y , t e m p o r a r y a n d p e r m a n e n t l a n d o c c u p a t i o n s a r e a l l m u c h s m a l l e r t h a n t h e u p p e r d a m s i t e o p t i o n . A d d i t i o n a l l y , i m p a c t s o f t h e l o w e r d a m c o n s t r u c t i o n o n w a t e r , a c o u s t i c , a i r a n d e c o l o g i c a l e n v i r o n m e n t a r e s m a l l e r t h a n t h e u p p e r o n e . T h e r e f o r e , t h e l o w e r d a m s i t e o p t i o n i s b e t t e r t h a n t h e u p p e r o n e b a s e d o n e n v i r o n m e n t a l i m p a c t a n a l y s i s . Page 361 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 360 8.2.3 Dam Site Environmental Analysis of Alagou Reservoir Two dam site alternatives are proposed for Alagou Reservoir. The upper one is located 6.3km upstream of the mountain pass of the Alagou River, and the lower one is 3.5m upstream of the mountain pass of the River. The sketch of the dam site alternatives of Alagou Reservoir is shown in Fig. 8.2-3. Through an overall comparison in terms of main structures in such aspects as terrain and relief, engineering geology and construction conditions, generally the lower dam site alternative is better than the upper one. The Environmental Impact Assessment Report of the project presents alternative analysis in regard to environment and shows the same result as the analysis in terms of main structures. The detailed alternative analysis process is shown in Table 8.2-3. Page 362 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 3 6 1 F i g u r e 8 . 2 - 3 S k e t c h M a p o f D a m S i t e o f A l a g o u r R e s e r v o i r / R Z H U \03 ' D P \03 6 L W H \03 \0b 5 H F R P P H Q G H G \0c \03 8 S S H U \03 ' D P \03 6 L W H \03 230.9 382.2 8.5 4.3 90 : \03 183.8 173.1 8.5 4.3 90 : \03 343.5 702.4 8.5 4.3 90 : \03 \03 fl \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 ff \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 dotaccent \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 fi ffl N P \03 \03 \03 \03 Page 363 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 3 6 2 T a b l e 8 . 2 - 3 A l t e r n a t i v e A n a l y s i s o f t h e U p p e r a n d L o w e r D a m S i t e s o f A l a g o u R e s e r v o i r O p t i o n s F a c t o r s U p p e r D a m S i t e L o w e r D a m S i t e ( R e c o m m e n d e d ) A n a l y s i s T o p o g r a p h y T h e v a l l e y a t t h e d a m s i t e i s d i s s y m m e t r i c a l U - s h a p e d , w i t h n e a r l y u p r i g h t r i g h t b a n k a n d r e l a t i v e l y g e n t l e l e f t b a n k w i t h a n g e l o f a b o v e 5 0 º . T e r r a c e s a r e w e l l - d e v e l o p e d , a n d t h e L e v e l - I I a n d L e v e l - I I I t e r r a c e s a r e s e r i o u s l y d e n u d a t e d . M o u n t a i n s o n t h e l e f t b a n k a r e t h i n a n d d i s s y m m e t r i c a l . T h e b o t t o m w i d t h o f t h e v a l l e y i s 1 6 4 m . T h e v a l l e y a t t h e d a m s i t e i s d i s s y m m e t r i c a l U - s h a p e d , w i t h r e l a t i v e l y w e l l - d e v e l o p e d L e v e l - I I I t e r r a c e s t h a t e x t e n d a s t e r r a c e s c a r p ; O n t h e l e f t b a n k o n l y L e v e l - I I I b a s e t e r r a c e s e x t e n d a s n a r r o w , d i s c o n t i n u o u s s t r i p . T h e t w o b a n k s a r e d i s s y m m e t r i c a l a n d t h e b o t t o m w i t h o f t h e v a l l e y i s 1 3 5 m . E n g i n e e r i n g G e o l o g y R o c k m a s s a t t h e d a m s i t e p r e s e n t s m a i n l y s t r o n g c o r r u g a t i o n d e f o r m a t i o n , a n d t o t a l l y 6 s m a l l f a u l t s a r e f o u n d w i t h w e l l - d e v e l o p e d j o i n t f r a c t u r e s ; P h y s i c a l w e a t h e r i n g o f t h e r o c k s i s s t r o n g . T h e r o c k s i n c l u d e m a i n l y t h i n t u f a c e o u s l a y e r s i n t e r m i n g l e d w i t h c a l c i u m a r g i l l a c e o u s s h a l e s , a n d t h e l a t t e r a r e s o f t w i t h l o w m e c h a n i c a l s t r e n g t h a n d e a s i l y g e t i n t e n e r a t e d i f g e t t i n g w a t e r a f t e r b e i n g r i p p e d a w a y . F a u l t a n d j o i n t f r a c t u r e s a r e w e l l - d e v e l o p e d , a n d t h e r e a r e 3 6 f a u l t s f o u n d b u t a l l i n s m a l l s c a l e . P h y s i c a l w e a t h e r i n g o f t h e r o c k s i s s t r o n g a t t h e l o w e r d a m s i t e . T h e b o t t o m d e p t h o f t h e l a y e r t h a t i s s t r o n g l y w e a t h e r e d w i t h i n t h e d a m s i t e i s 1 3 m - 2 0 m o n t h e l e f t b a n k , a n d 0 m - 2 m o n t h e r i v e r b e d , a n d 1 2 . 5 m - 2 6 . 8 m o n t h e r i g h t b a n k . T h e l o w e r d a m s i t e o p t i o n i s s l i g h t l y b e t t e r t h a n t h e u p p e r o n e i n t e r m s o f t o p o g r a p h i c a n d e n g i n e e r i n g g e o l o g i c a l c o n d i t i o n s . A s f o r t h e s l o p e s t a b i l i t y , t h e r e i s a l a n d s l i d e o n t h e l e f t b a n k i n t h e a r e a 4 5 m - 2 0 0 m u p s t r e a m o f t h e d a m a x i s o f t h e l o w e r d a m s i t e w i t h i t s f r o n t e d g e e x t e n d i n g t o 2 2 m d e e p i n t h e r i v e r b e d . T h r o u g h a n a l y s i s , t h i s l a n d s l i d e i s s t a b i l i z e d a n d w i l l n o t h a v e m u c h e f f e c t o n t h e c l a y c o r e g r a v e l d a m a n d o n l y h a v e a c e r t a i n i m p a c t o n t h e d a m w i t h i m p e r v i o u s f a c e . I n t h e l a t t e r c a s e , t h e d a m a x i s c a n b e a d j u s t e d t o k e e p t h e i m p e r v i o u s d a m f a c e a w a y f r o m t h e l a n d s l i d e . T h e u p p e r d a m s i t e o p t i o n h a s p r o b l e m s o f d a m f o u n d a t i o n s e e p a g e a n d s e e p a g e b y p a s s i n g d a m . C o n s t r u c t i o n C o n d i t i o n s T h e u p p e r d a m s i t e o p t i o n h a s w i d e r c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a , m o r e f o u n d a t i o n e x c a v a t i o n i n r i v e r b e d , l a r g e r a n d d e e p e r c u t o f f w a l l , d e e p e r s e e p a g e c o n t r o l d e m a n d f o r t h e c o f f e r d a m , m o r e i n t e n s i f i e d d a m f i l l i n g a n d l o n g e r c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d . T h e d i s t a n c e t o c o n s t r u c t i o n p o w e r s u p p l y i s 4 . 8 k m . L a y o u t o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n r o a d f o r t h e u p p e r d a m s i t e i s e a s y a n d t h e d i s t a n c e t o b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l g r o u n d i s s h o r t . T h e s t o c k g r o u n d f o r f i l l i n g m a t e r i a l o f t h e d a m b o d y i s o n a v e r a g e 4 . 8 k m t o t h e d a m s i t e , w i t h r e l a t i v e l y p o o r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c o n d i t i o n . T h e d a m s i t e i s a b o u t 7 . 8 k m t o t h e s p o i l a r e a . T h e l o w e r d a m s i t e o p t i o n h a s n a r r o w e r c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a , l e s s f o u n d a t i o n e x c a v a t i o n i n r i v e r b e d , s m a l l e r a n d s h a l l o w e r c u t o f f w a l l , s h a l l o w e r s e e p a g e c o n t r o l d e m a n d f o r t h e c o f f e r d a m , m o r e i n t e n s i f i e d d a m f i l l i n g a n d l o n g e r c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d . T h e d i s t a n c e t o c o n s t r u c t i o n p o w e r s u p p l y i s a b o u t 2 k m . L a y o u t o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n r o a d f o r t h e u p p e r d a m s i t e i s r e l a t i v e l y d i f f i c u l t . T h e d i s t a n c e t o t h e b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l i s s h o r t . T h e s t o c k g r o u n d f o r f i l l i n g m a t e r i a l o f t h e d a m b o d y i s o n a v e r a g e 2 k m , w i t h g o o d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c o n d i t i o n . T h e d a m s i t e i s a b o u t 5 k m t o t h e s p o i l a r e a . T h e l o w e r d a m s i t e o p t i o n i s b e t t e r t h a n t h e u p p e r o n e . Q u a n t i t i e s o f E a r t h a n d R o c k W o r k E a r t h - r o c k e x c a v a t i o n i s 1 . 2 7 9 6 m i l l i o n m 3 , b a c k f i l l i n g t o t a l s 5 . 2 3 6 4 m i l l i o n m 3 , a n d p e r m a n e n t s p o i l 2 9 6 , 5 0 0 m 3 . E a r t h - r o c k e x c a v a t i o n i s 7 6 4 , 6 0 0 m 3 , b a c k f i l l i n g t o t a l s 4 . 2 7 4 m i l l i o n m 3 , a n d p e r m a n e n t s p o i l 2 1 7 , 0 0 0 m 3 . T h e l o w e r d a m s i t e o p t i o n i s b e t t e r t h a n t h e u p p e r o n e . Main Structures I n v e s t m e n t ( 1 0 4 y u a n ) 4 2 0 9 1 3 8 7 9 7 . 7 5 T h e i n v e s t m e n t o f t h e l o w e r d a m s i t e a l t e r n a t i v e i s l e s s . L a n d O c c u p a t i o n 2 7 9 . 0 0 h m 2 ; l a n d o c c u p i e d b e l o n g s t o d e s e r t g r a s s l a n d , b a r e l a n d a n d s o m e f a r m l a n d . 2 6 6 . 9 3 h m 2 ; t h e t y p e o f l a n d o c c u p i e d i s s a m e a s t h a t f o r t h e u p p e r d a m s i t e R e s e r v o i r I n u n d a t i o n I n u n d a t e d l a n d a r e a i s 1 . 3 k m 2 , o f w h i c h 4 5 . 3 m u i s c u l t i v a t e d l a n d a n d t h e r e s t i s d e s e r t g r a s s l a n d . I n u n d a t e d a r e a i s 1 . 2 k m 2 , i n c l u d i n g m a i n l y d e s e r t g r a s s l a n d . Environmental Rationality R e s e t t l e m e n t N o r e s e t t l e m e n t c a u s e d b y i n u n d a t i o n . B o t h o p t i o n s h a v e n o e n v i r o n m e n t a l c o n s t r a i n t s f r o m t h e p o i n t o f v i e w o f e n v i r o n m e n t a l i m p a c t a n a l y s i s . B a s e d o n i n u n d a t e d p h y s i c a l o b j e c t s a n d a r e a , t h e l a n d o c c u p a t i o n s , i n u n d a t i o n l o s s e s a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n q u a n t i t y o f t h e u p p e r d a m s i t e o p t i o n a r e a l l g r e a t e r t h a n t h e l o w e r d a m s i t e o p t i o n , a n d t h u s t h e i m p a c t s o f t h e u p p e r d a m c o n s t r u c t i o n o n w a t e r , a c o u s t i c , a i r Page 364 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 3 6 3 R a r e F a u n a a n d F l o r a S p e c i e s T h e r e i s n o d i s t r i b u t i o n o f r a r e f a u n a o r f l o r a s p e c i e s f o u n d i n t h e p e r m a n e n t l y o r t e m p o r a r i l y o c c u p i e d l a n d a r e a s . I m p a c t s o n A q u a t i c E c o l o g y T h e r e i s n o f i s h s p e c i e s u n d e r p r o t e c t i o n d i s t r i b u t e d i n t h e r e a c h e s i n v o l v e d i n t h e p r o j e c t . H o w e v e r , t h e A l a g o u R i v e r i s a s e a s o n a l o n e w i t h l a r g e f l o w a n d n o d i v e r s i o n w o r k s o n t h e u p p e r r e a c h e s , s o t h e f i s h e s a r e m a i n l y o n t h e u p p e r r e a c h e s . T h e t w o d a m s i t e s a r e a t a d i s t a n c e o f 2 . 8 k m , t h u s t h e i m p a c t o f t h e u p p e r d a m s i t e o p t i o n w i l l h a v e g r e a t e r i m p a c t o n t h e a q u a t i c e c o l o g y . W a t e r a n d S o i l E r o s i o n 1 2 4 h m 2 o f s o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n a r e a w i l l b e d a m a g e d i n p r o j e c t c o n s t r u c t i o n , a n d 4 6 6 3 7 t o f s o i l e r o s i o n b e c a u s e d b y s o i l d i s t u r b a n c e i n c o n s t r u c t i o n . 1 1 4 . 9 3 h m 2 o f s o i l a n d w a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n a r e a w i l l b e d a m a g e d i n p r o j e c t c o n s t r u c t i o n , a n d 4 5 6 7 2 t o f s o i l e r o s i o n b e c a u s e d b y s o i l d i s t u r b a n c e i n c o n s t r u c t i o n . S e n s i t i v e O b j e c t s W i t h o u t a n y n a t u r a l r e s e r v e ; W i t h o u t f o r e s t i n t h e v a l l e y . o f t h e u p p e r d a m c o n s t r u c t i o n o n w a t e r , a c o u s t i c , a i r a n d e c o l o g i c a l e n v i r o n m e n t a r e g r e a t e r t h a n t h e l o w e r o n e . T h e r e f o r e , t h e l o w e r d a m s i t e o p t i o n i s b e t t e r t h a n t h e u p p e r o n e b a s e d o n e n v i r o n m e n t a l i m p a c t a n a l y s i s . Page 365 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 364 8 . 3 W a t e r - S a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n S u b p r o j e c t s T a b l e 8 . 3 - 1 A l t e r n a t i v e A n a l y s i s o f W a t e r - s a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n S u b - p r o j e c t s O p t i o n s F a c t o r s R e c o m m e n d e d O p t i o n A l t e r n a t i v e O p t i o n A n a l y s i s W a t e r S u p p l y M e t h o d s W e l l a n d p r e s s u r e w a t e r s u p p l y W e l l a n d g r a v i t y w a t e r s u p p l y P r e s s u r e w a t e r s u p p l y h a s s m a l l i n v e s t m e n t a n d w a t e r s u p p l y i s r e l a t i v e l y d i s p e r s e d , s o e a s i e r t o o p e r a t e . W a t e r s o u r c e i s s t a b l e . P i p e M a t e r i a l G l a s s r e i n f o r c e d p l a s t i c p i p e P r e - s t r e s s e d c o n c r e t e p i p e G l a s s r e i n f o r c e d p l a s t i c p i p e h a s b i g g e r d i s c h a r g e c a p a c i t y t h a n p r e - r e i n f o r c e d c o n c r e t e p i p e , b u t l o w e r c o s t . I r r i g a t i o n M e t h o d s D r i p I r r i g a t i o n 1 . O r d i n a r y w a t e r s a v i n g 2 . L o w p r e s s u r e p i p e i r r i g a t i o n 3 . S p r i n k l e r i r r i g a t i o n W a t e r S a v e d 4 0 % — 6 0 % 1 . a b o u t 1 0 % 2 . 1 0 % - 2 0 % 3 . 1 5 % - 2 5 % C r o p Y i e l d I n c r e a s e 3 0 - 4 0 % 1 . 5 - 8 % 2 . 7 - 1 0 % 3 . 1 0 - 2 5 % M a i n S t r u c t u r e s I n v e s t m e n t B i g g e r 1 . S m a l l e r 2 . S i m i l a r t o s p r i n k l e r i r r i g a t i o n 3 . S m a l l e r t h a n d r i p i r r i g a t i o n O v e r u s e o f g r o u n d w a t e r i n t h e p r o j e c t a r e a i s s e r i o u s . C o m p r e h e n s i v e a n a l y s i s i n d i c a t e s d r i p i r r i g a t i o n i s m o s t e f f e c t i v e i n s a v i n g w a t e r . B e s i d e s , t h e w i n d s i n t h e p r o j e c t a r e a a r e s t r o n g , i r r i g a t i o n i s u n e v e n , s o s p r i n k l e r i r r i g a t i o n i s n o t s u i t a b l e f o r a p p l i c a t i o n . W a t e r a n d S o i l E r o s i o n E a r t h e x c a v a t i o n a n d f i l l i n g o f t h e o p t i o n s i s o f s i m i l a r a m o u n t , s o t h e w a t e r a n d s o i l e r o s i o n i m p a c t o f t h e o p t i o n s h a s n o b i g d i s c r e p a n c y . E n v i r o n m e n t a l R a t i o n a l i t y L a n d O c c u p a t i o n O f s a m e a m o u n t . C o n c l u s i o n s f r o m t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a l i m p a c t a s s e s s m e n t : a s s e s s m e n t : t h e r e c o m m e n d e d o p t i o n h a s s t r o n g e r w a t e r - s a v i n g c a p a c i t y a n d c a n r e d u c e a g r i c u l t u r a l w a t e r u s e , i m p r o v e i r r i g a t i o n c o n d i t i o n i n t h e i r r i g a t i o n a r e a s w h i l e r e d u c i n g a b s t r a c t i o n o f g r o u n d w a t e r a n d m i t i g a t i n g o v e r u s e o f g r o u n d w a t e r . T h e r e f o r e , i n t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a l i m p a c t p e r s p e c t i v e , t h e r e c o m m e n d e d o p t i o n i s b e t t e r t h a n t h e o t h e r s . Page 366 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 365 8.4 Canal Rehabilitation and Construction Subprojects Table 8.4-1 Alternative Analysis of Canal Lining Subproject in Turpan City Options Factors Option 1 (Trapezoid-Arch Shaped Stone Masonry) Option 2 (Recommended, Trapezoid Cast-in- situ Concrete Slab Lining) Construction Condition Difficult construction and longer construction duration Less difficult construction and shorter construction duration Operational Condition With trapezoid-arch shaped cross-section, the flow in the canal section is concentrated with smaller evaporation but bigger seepage losses, poor anti-frost capability, making operational maintenance difficult. The flow in the trapezoid canal section is dispersed with stronger anti-abrasion capability. Settlement of the canal is smaller and anti-frost capability is stronger, providing better condition for operational maintenance. Sensitive Area Without residential area along the canal. Without residential area along the canal. Land Occupation Total area of land occupied is 124.58 hm 2 , including permanently occupied land of 124.16 hm 2 and temporarily occupied land of 0.415 hm 2 . Total area of land occupied is 124.58 hm 2 , including permanently occupied land of 124.16 hm 2 and temporarily occupied land of 0.415 hm 2 . Vegetation Status Small amount of Sophora alopecuroide, Peganum harmala, gobi Chenopodium album and Kochia scoparia found Small amount of Sophora alopecuroide, Peganum harmala, gobi Chenopodium album and Kochia scoparia found Investment 316.93 yuan /m 300.40 yuan / m Conclusions from the alternative analysis: Table 8.4-1 shows that, in environmental impact perspective, the scope and magnitude of environmental impact are almost the same for both options. However, Option 1 has longer construction duration compared to Option 2, so its duration of environmental impact of construction is longer correspondingly. Consequently, Option 2 is better than Option 1. That is consistent with the result of analysis in terms of main structures, so the option recommended in main structures perspective is rational. Page 367 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 366 Table 8.4-2 Alternative Analysis of Canal Lining Subproject in Shanshan County Options Factors Option 1 (Recommended, Trapezoid-Arch Shaped Masonry Bottom and Concrete Sides Canal) Option 2 (Trapezoid-Arch Shaped Total Masonry Canal) Option 3 (Trapezoid-Shaped Bottom Masonry and Concrete Sides Canal) Construction Condition Not difficult to construct; after removing original lining, the canal can be cut straight to have better strike. The canal appears artistic after completion of the construction. But due to removal of original canal lining, the canal can not be used to divert water, which makes water use during construction period difficult and water transportation will be needed. Not difficult to construct; after removing original lining, the canal can be cut straight to have better strike. The canal appears artistic after completion of the construction. But due to removal of original canal lining, the canal can not be used to divert water, which makes water use during construction period difficult and water transportation will be needed. Dry masonry pebble grouting is convenient compared to concrete construction, and needs less water for maintenance. The original canal line in some sections is not regular, difficult to construct some canal sections that are seriously damaged due to frozen-heave; since the original pebble structure of the canal is not removed, the canal may not be artistic after completion of the construction. Sensitive Area Without residential area along the canal. Without residential area along the canal. Without residential area along the canal. Land Occupation Total area of land occupied is 56.99 hm 2 , including permanently occupied land of 40 hm 2 and temporarily occupied land of 16.99 hm 2 . Total area of land occupied is 56.99 hm 2 , including permanently occupied land of 40 hm 2 and temporarily occupied land of 16.99 hm 2 . Total area of land occupied is 56.99 hm 2 , including permanently occupied land of 40 hm 2 and temporarily occupied land of 16.99 hm 2 . Vegetation Status Along both sides of the canal there are a few trees, including mainly planted willow and poplar trees, etc. Vegetation at the edge of the canal includes mainly reaumuria soongorica, salsola and other desert plants. Along both sides of the canal there are a few trees, including mainly planted willow and poplar trees, etc. Vegetation at the edge of the canal includes mainly reaumuria soongorica and salsola and other desert plants. Along both sides of the canal there are a few trees, including mainly planted willow and poplar trees, etc. Vegetation at the edge of the canal includes mainly reaumuria soongorica, salsola and other desert plants. Investment 517 yuan/m 645 yuan/m 630 yuan/m Conclusions from the alternative analysis: Table 8.4-2 shows that, in environmental impact perspective, the scope and magnitude of environmental impact are almost the same for the three options, and there is no environmental constraint for all the three options. Therefore, it ’s reasonable to recommend Option 1 from aspects of construction difficulty and investment of main structures. Page 368 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 367 Table 8.4-3 Alternative Analysis of Alagou Main Water Diversion Canal Options Factors Option 1 (Recommended, Total Cross- Section Grouting Masonry Canal) Option 2 (Canal of Grouting Masonry Bottom and Concrete Slab Side) Topographic and Geological Conditions With topographically complicated areas along the canal line, being scarps and alluvial flats eroded by river water. Outcropped rocks in the river basin include mainly calc-tufa and tufaceous sandy rocks. At the downstream of the river basin are widely distributed Quaternary loose accumulative formations, with depth of above 60m and less clay content. Groundwater table is shallow, within 10m or so. Located in a region that is structurally stable. With topographically complicated areas along the canal line, being scarps and alluvial flats eroded by river water. Outcropped rocks in the river basin include mainly calc-tufa and tufaceous sandy rocks. At the downstream of the river basin are widely distributed Quaternary loose accumulative formations, with depth of above 60m and less clay content. Groundwater table is shallow, within 10m or so. Located in a region that is structurally stable. Natural Building Material Pebbles needed can be collected in the river bed close by, where the pebbles can meet quality and quantity requirements of the construction. Pebble transportation is convenient with a distance of 2.0 km. Concrete aggregate stock ground is selected in the river bed of Alagou River at 1 km downstream of the mountain pass, where there is an abundance of aggregate material. Average distance of transportation of the aggregates is relatively long, being 4.0 km. Construction Condition Without big amount of earth work and construction is easy. But rock work of masonry is of big amount, while construction duration is relatively long. Easy to get water for construction purpose. Without big amount of earth work, but the construction period is quite long due to the long time for concrete curing, while water-seal treatment of the concrete slab on the sides is complicated. Sensitive Area Without residential area along the canal. Without residential area along the canal. Land Occupation Total area of land occupied is 39.55 hm 2 , including permanently occupied land of 37.37 hm 2 and temporarily occupied land of 2.18 hm 2 , including mainly river bed, terraces and gravel desert. Total area of land occupied is 39.55 hm 2 , including permanently occupied land of 37.37 hm 2 and temporarily occupied land of 2.18 hm 2 , including mainly river bed, terraces and gravel desert. Vegetation Status Plants are growing only along the river bed, belonging to typical vegetation in extremely arid desert valley. Vegetation species include Xinjiang Poplar, tamarix, achnatherum splendens, reeds, peganum harmals, etc. Plants are growing only along the river bed, belonging to typical vegetation in extremely arid desert valley. Vegetation species include Xinjiang Poplar, tamarix, achnatherum splendens, reeds, peganum harmals, etc. Investment 7.2366 million yuan 8.0900 million yuan Conclusions from the alternative analysis: Table 8.4-3 shows that, in environmental impact perspective, the impact are almost the same for both options in aspects of land occupation and environmental sensitive area. However, Option 1 has shorter transportation distance for natural building material and will have less environmental impact arising thereof, so Option 1 is better than Option 2, and the option recommended in perspective of main structures is rational. 8.5 Karez Protection Subproject Two options are compared for the main construction activities of Wudaolin Karez Protection Subproject, including water engineering structure protection option and cultural relics unit protection option. Table 8.5-1 presents the alternative analysis in perspective of main structures and environmental impact. Table 8.5-1 Alternative Analysis of Construction Activities of Wudaolin Karez Protection Subproject Options Factors Option 1 Water Engineering Structure Protection Option: Traditional Pre - cast Concrete Pipe Protection Option 2 (Recommended) Cultural Relics Unit Protection Option: Shotcrete with Anchor Rod and Mesh Structure Page 369 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 368 Structure Construction Methods Extend and dredge the water collection section of the culvert; line and reinforce the culvert, use new technology and measures to protect the culvert, so as to reduce future maintenance and ensure long-lasting effective protection of the culvert. Lining of culvert uses inverted U-shaped pre-cast concrete pipes to support, beneath the pipes is concrete base underlay, with a width of 1m and thickness of 0.2m; Thickness of the inverted U-shaped pre- cast concrete pipe wall is 0.10m, each pipe is 0.4m in length. In order to ensure safety and stability of the concrete pipes, double reinforced steel cable is arranged. For the convenience of construction, the inverted U- shaped concrete pipes will be pre-cast in two segments. Reinforce the shaft wells that have collapsed or are in the danger of collapse to ensure safety and normal water diversion; Cover the openings of the shafts to protect against wind and sandstorm by using pre-cast concrete slabs. Reinforce the outlet part of the culvert to protect against outlet collapse and prevent losses of people ’s life and property. Line the opening channel part to prevent seepage. Reinforce the pond part of the Karez and the banks that have landslide problem. Use lining reinforcement to the whole culvert of the Karez. Use a supporting method of shotcrete with anchor rod and mesh to protect the culvert instead of traditional rigid lining method of reinforced concrete with masonry pebble structure. The anchor rod is of 2 0 type, to be installed in the shape of plum blossom, with a spacing of 0.8m. The plastic geo-grids with manual sprayed modified concrete will be used to protect the weathered rock surface. The bottom of the culvert will be pre-cast concrete U-shaped canal with discharge capacity as required, and plain concrete will be filled along the both banks of the canal. Reinforce the shaft wells that have collapsed or are in the danger of collapse to ensure safety and normal water diversion; Cover the openings of the shafts to protect against wind and sandstorm by using pre-cast concrete slabs. Reinforce the outlet part of the culvert to protect against outlet collapse and prevent losses of people’s life and property. Line the opening channel part to prevent seepage; Reinforce the pond part of the Karez and the banks that have landslide problem. Construction Condition Pre-cast concrete is heavy and relatively difficult for transportation and convey (especially convey in the culvert of the Karez), making the construction complicated and resulting in more labor input. Avoid manual convey of big volume pre- cast concrete, making construction easier with less labor work needed. Adaptability The rigid concrete structure results in poor adaptability to deformation of the tunnel. Geo-grids with shotcrete used for protection is good to adapt to deformation. Land Occupation 2.215 hm 2 1.437 hm 2 Investment 6.10 million yuan 3.50 million yuan Main Structures Spoil 4700m 3 4636m 3 Impact on Karez Landscape While meeting the structural requirement of the Karez, the appearance of the culvert will be totally changed. With only a layer of shotcrete on the wall of the culvert, the appearance of the culvert will not have much change, which is in line with requirements of preservation of the culture and history of the Karez. Water and Soil Erosion Bigger volume of construction work, with more land occupied and more spoil and thus bigger water and soil erosion. Smaller volume of construction work, with less land occupied and less spoil and thus smaller water and soil erosion. Environmental Impacts Other Impacts More construction workers, with more wastewater and rubbish produced, resulting in bigger unfavorable environmental impacts. Less construction workers, with less wastewater and rubbish produced, resulting in smaller unfavorable environmental impacts. Note: The sketch of the traditional pre-cast concrete pipe protection structure is shown in Fig. 8.4-1, and the sketch of the shotcrete with anchor rod and mesh structure is shown in Fig. 8.4-2. Conclusions from the alternative analysis: Table 8.5-1 indicates that Option 2 is better than Option 1 from the perspectives of construction of main structures and environmental impacts. Therefore, the cultural relics unit protection option recommended in terms of construction of main structures is reasonable to be the recommended option. Page 370 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 369 Page 371 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 370 \03 Figure 8.4-1 Sketch Map of Traditional Pre-cast Concrete Pipe Protection Structure Figure 8.4-2 Protection Structure Using Anchor Rod and Mesh with Sprayed Concrete Page 372 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 371 9 Cost-benefit Analysis of Environment Economy 9.1. Objectives and Benefits of the Project Development 9.1.1. General Description of the Objectives and Benefits of the Project Development The project construction will be composed of 2 sections – i.e. engineering section and management section. The engineering section will include (i) the construction of 3 sets of medium-sized reservoirs; and the construction and improvement of main and branch canals (48.14 km); (ii) the construction of water-saving irrigation facilities covering 161,300 mu of farmland; and (iii) the protection and rehabilitation of one set of Karez system for the sake of cultural heritage. The management section will include (i) adopting new concepts and methodology in water resources integrated management for higher water efficiency and ecological improvement; (ii) strengthening institutional capacity building (the replicable activities will including consulting service, farmers’ water use association, monitoring and evaluation, operation and maintenance, management information system, technical training for sustainable development); and (iii) upgrading project management (including the preparation of project documents and the improvement in daily management). The overall goal of the project construction will be (i) employing new methods to upgrade the integrated management of water resources, ecological environment and irrigated agriculture focusing on water efficiency; and (ii) improving infrastructures to accelerate the sustainable development and utilization of water resources in favor of the socio-economic development in Turpan Prefecture. After the completion of the designated engineering, the following objectives will be achieved: (i) Through the construction of the project reservoirs, the water resources in Meiyaogou River, Ertanggou River and Alagou River will be regulated to protect the people’s lives and properties over the downstream plains; (ii) Through implementation of water-saving activities in the project, the hydraulic structures and facilities will be constructed and improved for higher water efficiency in agricultural production; (iii) The industrial development will be access to more water, which in return will provide farmers with more opportunities of employment; (iv) Less groundwater will be exploited; (v) Some of the Karez systems will be protected and rehabilitated; and (vi) The institutional capacity will be upgraded. More details are illustrated in Table 9.1-1. Table 9.1-1. Objectives and Benefits of the Project Development Objectives Expected Benefits Through slowing down the process of environmental degradation in Turpan Prefecture, necessary hydraulic structures and facilities will be constructed in the project in favor of the economic and environmental development of Turpan Prefecture. z\03 Upgrade the efficiency of surface water resources. z\03 Improve the management of ware resources in Turpan Prefecture by means of engineering construction and management construction, so that the problem of groundwater over- exploitation will be basically solved in favor of the regional ecological environment. z\03 Provide more water for industrial development so as to increase local financial income in favor of people’s livelihood improvement. z\03 To protect and rehabilitate the cultural heritage – Karez. Page 373 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 372 9.1.2. Outputs and Achievements of the Project The outputs and achievements from the project construction are illustrated in Table 9.1-2. Table 9.1-2. Outputs and Achievements from the Project Construction Project Activity Output Achievement Reservoir Construction – Meiyaogou Reservoir – Ertanggou Reservoir – Alagou Reservoir – To upgrade the efficiency of surface water resources; – To provide more water for industrial development; – To accelerate local economic development and increase financial income; – To prevent floods. Water-Saving Irrigation – 60,200 mu in Turpan City; – 50,000 mu in Shanshan County; – 51,100 mu in Tuokexun County. – To reduce groundwater exploitation; – To upgrade the efficiency of water resources; – To alleviate the farmers from water tariff burden. Canal Construction and Improvement – New construction 29.32 km; – Improvement 18.82 km. – To reduce seepage in water delivery; – To upgrade the efficiency of water resources. Karez Protection – Rehabilitation of cultural relics – To protect cultural relics; – To protect tourism resources for tourism development. Integrated Management of Water Resources and Environment – Two sets of soft ware systems (ET technology-based water rights distribution system and sustainable water management system); – User manual (2 sets); – Handbook of information publicity; – Data and database system; – ET technology-based water rights distribution system for Turpan Prefecture; – ET technology-based strategy for water resources sustainable management; – Action plan for ET targets in Turpan Prefecture. – To use the latest technology and the latest concept of water resources management in Turpan Prefecture – a place in extreme shortage of water resources; – To employ new patterns of water management to solve the problems of “water supply depending on water demands” – a problem of wasting water resources and lowering water efficiency; – To recommend new patterns of water management fo r “water demands depending on water availability”; – Under the precondition that the water use for industrial production and domestic life is satisfied and the agricultural output value is not impacted, to upgrade water efficiency and mitigate groundwater over-exploitation by means of a series of water-saving measures. Farmers’ Water User Association – Water rights management agency of farmers’ self - – To upgrade the efficiency and intensity of water rights Page 374 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 373 Association management management; – To upgrade the farmers with management capacity; – To accumulate experiences of water resources management for the other places also suffering from water shortage. Monitoring and Evaluation Agency – To set up a complete system of monitoring and evaluation – To make sure of the effectiveness of all the water-saving measures. MIS – To set up MIS – To make sure of the data accuracy and integrity in the function modules in favor of higher efficiency of the management staff. 9.2. Expected Benefits from the Project 9.2.1. Basic Benefit The project implementation will accelerate the construction progress of agricultural hydraulic infrastructures in Turpan Prefecture. The reservoir construction in the project will push forward the reasonable use of surface water resources for higher efficiency. The canal construction and improvement in the project package of water- saving irrigation will help reduce the groundwater exploitation to basically solve the problem of groundwater table lowering, groundwater over-exploitation and eco- environment degradation. The project activities will provide good conditions for the local socio-economic sustainable development. In the Eleventh Five-Year Program for National Economic and Social Development in Turpan Prefecture, the objectives of strengthening hydraulic construction include: (i) accelerating the construction of auxiliary structures and the improvement of water- saving facilities in large irrigation schemes; (ii) accelerating the construction of uprising irrigation schemes; (iii) pushing forward the agricultural hydraulic infrastructure for higher canal anti-seepage and water efficiency; (iv) pushing forward safe drinking water program in the countryside; and (v) strengthening the construction of flood prevention structures and the protection of Karez. The project construction will directly contribute to the fulfillment of the above objectives. 9.2.2. Protection of Cultural Heritage The project implementation will make positive contribution to the protection of cultural heritage – karez system. The details are illustrated in Environmental Impact Assessment Report of Karez Protection prepared by Xinjiang Design Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower. 9.2.3. Protection of Aiding Lake Page 375 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 374 The elevation at Aiding Lake is the lowest in Turpan Prefecture and Aiding Lake is one of the important tourist attractions in Turpan Prefecture. In recent decades, the water surface of Aiding Lake keeps shrinking. One of the major causes is the groundwater table at Turpan Prefecture is lowering year by year. One of the objectives of the project is to reduce regional ineffective evaporation and carry out water-saving irrigation to basically solve the problem of groundwater over- exploitation for gradual rehabilitation of the groundwater level. Therefore, the project implementation will make great contribution to the protection and rehabilitation of Aiding Lake water surface and regional eco-environment as well as to upgrading the environment of tourist attraction. 9.2.4. Flood Prevention After the completion of Meiyaogou Reservoir , the standard of flood prevention downstream will be upgraded from floods of 3 years return nowadays to floods of 50 years return at normal operation (for floods of 1000 years return under the condition of special operation). After the completion of Ertanggou Reservoir , the standard of flood prevention downstream will be upgraded from floods of 5 years return nowadays to floods of 20 years return at normal operation. After the completion of Alagou Reservoir , the standard of flood prevention downstream will be upgraded from floods of 20 years return nowadays to floods of 50 years return at normal operation. 9.2.5. Capacity Building for Environment Management The project implementation will import advanced concepts and methodology for integrated management of water resources and environment. In the implementation of this package, new models such as of farmers’ water use association, monitoring and evaluation and MIS will be applied. These will upgrade the environmental management and its efficiency in Turpan Prefecture. 9.3. Environmental Benefit 9.3.1. Improvement of Water Supply After the completion of the project reservoirs, Meiyaogou Reservoir will provide 14.6 million cubic meters of water to Shenhong Chemical Industrial Park, annually, Ertanggou Reservoir will supply 9,905,400 m 3 /year of water to Dikan Industrial Park and 1.2 million m 3 /year of water to oil field, and Alagou Reservoir will supply 40 million m 3 /year of water to Tuokexun County Industrial Park and 7 million m 3 /year of water to Nanshan Mining Area. The project will provide more water for industrial development, and the current arrangement of water resources will be improved. For a place of water resources shortage, the economic value of the water resources will be maximized. The canal construction and improvement for water-saving irrigation will help reduce canal seepage in water delivery. The extension of water-saving irrigation technology Page 376 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 375 will reduce ineffective evaporation. It is estimated that this measure will save 71 million m 3 /year of water, so that less groundwater will be exploited. 9.3.2. Soil Conservation The integrated management of river/lake water environment will include vegetation rehabilitation, ecological reconstruction and mountain closure for natural rehabilitation as well as the construction of sediment storage dams, check dams, water interception trenches, irrigation structures and biological embankment protection. Water-soil resources will be conserved in favor of maintaining farmland fertility and agricultural production. 9.3.3. Benefit of Ecological Landscape After the completion of the project, the urban landscape will be improved, the environmental quality of the project catchments will be upgraded, and there will be a remarkable improvement on ecological environment. 9.3.4. Upgrading Environment Management Capacity The activities of upgrading environment monitoring and management capacity in the project will provide the local environmental protection with powerful technical tools in favor of the healthy development of local environment protection. They will help effectively prevent accident of environment pollution and reduce risks against environment. They will also help to keep the water pollutant total discharge within the control targets. 9.3.5. Providing Better Environmental Conditions for the Local Socio-Economic Development The project implementation will accelerate the construction of the municipal water and wastewater infrastructures in the project counties. The system of hydraulic infrastructures will be improved to alleviate the conflicts between urban development and environment rehabilitation. With the improvement of environmental quality and water environment function, the functions of project towns will be upgraded for a better environment for the local socio-economic development. 9.4. Social Enefit 9.4.1. Employment Opportunities With the progress of the project construction, more and more opportunities of employment will be generated. Firstly, there will be some opportunities of temporary employment in the engineering period. Secondly, after the completion of the project, at the same time agricultural water use is assured, the saved water will be used for industrial development. Since Turpan Prefecture is rich in mineral resources, more water will help accelerate the local industrial development for more opportunities of employment. This will help the local people with higher income for better livelihood. When the project enters operation period, more stable opportunities of employment will be generated including technical and management posts. Thirdly, since the Page 377 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 376 project implementation will remarkably improve the investment environment and Turpan will become more attractive to capital resources, the accelerated development in industries and agriculture will mobilize the development of tertiary industry. Still more opportunities of employment will be generated. 9.4.2. Improvement of Investment Environment for Higher Regional Capacity of Sustainable Development The improvement of agricultural hydraulic infrastructure will primarily solve the problem of regional groundwater lowering, will effectively protect the cultural heritage of Karez, the regional eco-environment and tourism resources, and will create a better living environment and investment environment in favor of the regional sustainable development. At the same time, the project will accelerate the local progress of urbanization and reinforce the project counties with stronger capacity in economic competition. 9.4.3. Upgrading Capacity of Flood Prevention After the completion of Ertanggou Reservoir, the standard of flood prevention will be upgraded from floods of 5 years return nowadays to floods of 20 years return at normal operation, and the people downstream will be better safeguarded. 9.5. Economic Benefit By nature, this project of infrastructure construction is a project for public welfare. The benefit from direct investment is not significant. The economic benefit is mainly indirect economic benefit. 9.5.1. Benefit of Improving Eco-environment The improvement of eco-environment can effectively accelerate the beneficial cycle of regional eco-environment in favor of regional socio-economic sustainable development and the increase in local financial income. At the same time, the losses due to natural calamities such as water quality degradation, floods and droughts will be reduced. 9.5.2. Benefit of Tourism Development Turpan Prefecture is an important place of tourism, and Karez is one of the tourist attractions in Turpan Prefecture. The protection and rehabilitation of Karez in the project is to protect the regional tourism resources, accelerate the local tourism development and increase the income from tourism and tertiary industries. 9.5.3. Benefit of Income Increase The project construction will remarkably upgrade water supply for industrial development. With the industrial development in Turpan Prefecture, the unit water value will increase. The local financial income can increase through lifting water tariff for industrial use. Page 378 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 377 9 .5.4. Benefit of Flood Prevention In accordance with the historical statistics of the losses from flood damage, it is calculated that the direct benefit from the flood prevention by Meiyaogou, Ertanggou and Alagou reservoirs will amount to 1.76, 5.12 and 14.36 million RMB/year, respectively. 9.6. Summary The project implementation will help solve the problems of water use in the irrigation schemes and industries in the catchments of Meiyaogou, Ertanggou and Alagou rivers. The project structures will be integrated with the existing hydraulic structures and facilities to build complete urban water supply systems in the project counties. The project will import and extend advanced management system in favor of the local socio-economic development. The project construction will not only bring the project counties with direct financial resources, but also mobilize the development of the relevant industries such as transportation and raw material processing. In addition, the project will make positive contribution to the local eco-environment. To sum up, the project will generate good benefits for environment improvement, social progress and economic development. The project is in line with the national strategy of West China Development and well-off society construction in China. It is also in line with the country assistance strategy of the World Bank to accelerate the sustainable development in China. Page 379 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 378 10. Public Participation and Information Disclosure 10.1. Publicity of Sub-Projects The public participation of the sub-projects was implemented at the joint efforts of the sub-project employers and EIA institution. In the investigations, the EIA institution clearly presented the project general information to the participants. Among the others, the questionnaires included the information of key-point engineering impacts expected in the project construction 10.1.1. Public Participation and Information Disclosure for Reservoir Construction 10.1.1.1. Construction of Meiyaogou Reservoir (1) Public Participation Investigation Target Groups o f Public Participation The investigation target groups of public participation were the public employment staff in Turpan Prefecture and Turpan City, villagers of Meiyaogou Village where the project will be located, other social people and audience in media. Investigation Pattern in Public Participation A. Questionnaire Investigation The investigated were the public employment staff, ordinary people, villagers and village heads of Meiyaogou Village. 20 sets of questionnaires were distributed and 18 sets were fed back. The questionnaire format is presented in Table 10.1-1 and the information of the investigated are presented in Table 10.1-2. Table 10.1-1. Questionnaire of Public Participation for the Construction of Meiyaogou Reservoir, Turpan City I. Basic Information 1. Name 2. Sex Male Female 3. Age below 18 19~39 39~60 above 60 4. Ethnic Han Uygur Other 5. Education Primary School and below Junior Middle School Senior Middle School or Technical Secondary School Junior College and above 6. Occupation Farmer, Herdsman Student Worker and Technician Public Employment Staff 7. Institution Page 380 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 379 8. Monthly Income below RMB 500 RMB 500~1000 RMB 1000~2000 above RMB 2000 II. Project General Information Meiyaogou Reservoir will be built on Meiyaogou River 300 m upstream Meiyaogou Hydrological Station and 2.3 km from the downstream valley outlet from the mid-lower mountains. It is around 40 km from Turpan City town, 14 km from Qiquanhu Railway Station and 6 km north from provincial Highway-202. The project construction will be composed of cross-river dam, spillway, diversion + flood discharge tunnel, culvert outlet for industrial and agricultural water supply. The reservoir storage totals to 9.8 million m 3 with the dam 41 m in height. Meiyaogou Reservoir is a comprehensive project for industrial water supply, agricultural irrigation and flood prevention. Meiyaogou Reservoir will intercept and store the useless upstream floods in the flooding period for water supply to the downstream. On one hand, the losses due to flood inundation are reduced, while on the other hand, harmful floods become water supply resources in favor of industrial and agricultural production to alleviate the local pressure of water supply. Reservoir impoundment will inundate some farmland, fruit plantations, trees and structures. The loss will be compensated by cash. Land occupation and inundation will generate some environmental impacts, the discharge and emission of wastewater, waste gas, residues and noise in the engineering period will impact the environmental around, and the engineering activities will also cause some water-soil loss. III. Contents of Investigation 1. Do you know Meiyaogou River? Yes No 2. Do you think the reservoir construction will generate some impacts on your life? Yes No What do you think the impacts will be? 3. How do you like the present environmental quality on Meiyaogou River? very good good it’s OK poor What problems do you think still exist? 4. Did you know this project before the investigation? Yes No 5. What do you think the environmental impact will be in the engineering period? (more choices are also OK) wa ter pollution air pollution waste residues noise soil pollution ecological impact Do you think what impact it will generate? 6. How do you like the impact on the local environmental quality after the completion of the project? positive i mpact negative impact no impact What negative impact(s) will be generated by the project? (more choices are also OK) water pollution air pollution waste residues noise soil pollution ecological impact Do you think what impact it will generate? 7. How do you like the impact of the project on the water environment? positive impact negative impact no impact What impact(s) will be generated by the project? 8. How do you like the impact of the project on the ecological environment? positive impact negative impact no impact What impact(s) will be generated by the project? Page 381 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 380 9. What role do you think the project will play for the development of local economy? very big moderate very small not clear 10. What benefit do you think will be the most significant? social benefit economic benefit environmental benefit 11. Do you think the project will be favorable for the reasonable use of the water resources? favorable no good no change 12. Is the project site selection reasonable? reasonable basically reasonable not reasonable 13. How do you like the impact of the project on the agricultural production? positive impact negative impact no impact 14. What is the environmental problem you concern most? water pollution air pollution impact of solid wastes impact of noise impact on ecology other 15. What will be the general environmental tendency with the impact of the project? The local enviro nmental quality will be upgraded. There will be some impacts, and mitigation measures will be required. There will be no impact. There will be irreversible impact. 16. What proposal do you have to solve the environmental problems in the project? st rengthening the design of environmental protection strengthening the management of environmental protection strengthening investment to environmental management facilities others 17. What is your attitude to this project? support acceptable against let is be 18. Any other proposal or remarks? Table 10.1-2. Statistics of Questionnaire Investigation Items No. of People % Below 18 0 0.00% 19-39 12 66.67% 39-60 6 33.33% Age Above 60 0 0.00% Han 7 38.89% Uygur 10 55.56% Ethnic Other 1 5.56% Primary School and below 0 0.00% Junior Middle School 2 11.11% Senior Middle School or Technical Secondary School 5 27.78% Education Junior College and above 11 61.11% Farmer, Herdsman 3 16.67% Student 0 0.00% Worker and Technician 5 27.78% Occupation Public Employment Staff 10 55.56% Turpan City Town 10 55.56% Residential Place Meiyaogou Village 8 44.44% Page 382 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 381 B. Interview Due to the big differential in written expression capacity among the impacted people, it was relative difficult to solicit their opinions only by questionnaire investigation. Therefore, interviews were added for better presentation and opinion solicitation of the project. Ten people (all Uygur people) were interviewed. They were all common villagers of Meiyaogou Village. The interviewing topics included: 9\03 Did you know this project before the interview? 9\03 How do you like the present environmental quality on Meiyaogou River? 9\03 Is the project site selection reasonable? 9\03 What role do you think the project will play for the development of local economy? 9\03 What will be the general environmental tendency with the impact of the project? 9\03 What is your attitude to this project? 9\03 Any other proposal or remarks on the project? Investigation Results The results of the questionnaire investigation and field interview are presented in Table 10.1-3. Table 10.1-3 Results of the Questionnaire Investigation and Field Interview The Total Investigated: 28 People Topics Options No. of People % Yes 19 67.86% Did you know this project before the investigation? No 9 32.14% Good 8 28.57% Just so so 11 39.29% How do you like the present environmental quality on Meiyaogou River? Poor 9 32.14% Reasonable 12 42.86% Basically Reasonable 12 42.86% Is the project site selection reasonable? Not Reasonable 0 0.00% Positive Impact 11 39.29% Negative Impact 2 7.14% What impact do you think the project will generate to the local ecological environment? No Impact 8 28.57% Very Big 18 64.29% Moderate 10 35.71% Very Small 0 0.00% What role do you think the project will play for the development of local economy? Not Clear 0 0.00% What will be the general environmental tendency with the impact of the project? The local environmental quality will be upgraded. 14 50.00% Page 383 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 382 There will be no impacts. 5 17.86% There will be some impacts, and mitigation measures will be required. 9 32.14% There will be irreversible impact. 0 0.00% Support 18 64.29% Acceptable 8 28.57% Against 0 0.00% What is your attitude to this project? Let it be 2 7.14% The general opinions of the investigated in the public participation are summarized as follows: ¨ The construction of Meiyaogou Reservoir will be very important for the industrial development in Turpan City. It will play an important role in accelerating the regional economic-social development, upgrading the livelihood of the local people and stabling social environment. ¨ Generally speaking, the construction of Meiyaogou Reservoir will not have much impact on the environment, and the water reduction downstream the dam will not have much negative impact on the environment. ¨ The reservoir benefit of flood prevention will help safeguard the people and properties downstream. As the same time positive remarks were given to the project construction, the public contributed some proposals and raised some requirements on the project: ¨ Environmental protection should be strengthened in the engineering period. It is required that the discharge and emission of wastewater, waste gas, waste residues and noise be kept below the limits to the maximum extent, so that the engineering activities will give the local residents less disturbance. It is proposed to put the protection of water environment at an important position. ¨ The laws and legal regulations on environmental protection for construction projects should be highly respected. All the possible measures should be taken to avoid damaging local eco-environment. On the contrary, the local eco- environment should be improved with the help of the project construction. ¨ The training and management of the engineering staff should be strengthened for the sake of social order in the project areas. The habits of the local ethnic groups should be highly respected. Management of the Public Opinions ¨ This EIA report has pointed out measures and requirement for the environmental Page 384 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 383 protection (especially water environmental protection) in the engineering period. The budget of environmental protection has been integrated into the overall investment of the project. At the same time, action plan has been formulated for strengthening environmental management and supervision in both the engineering and operation periods. In the action plan, responsible persons, implementers and supervisors are clarified. ¨ It is requested in this report that the training and management of the engineering staff be strengthened for the sake of social order in the project areas an that the habits of the local ethnic groups be highly respected. (2) Information Disclosure The First Publicity The relevant information of Meiyaogou Reservoir was publicized on Turpan Prefecture Daily in both Uygur and Chinese versions on the 26 th September 2008 by Turpan City Bureau of Water Resources. \03 Page 385 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 384 \03 The Second Pu blicity In order to solicit the opinions and remarks on the project EIA activities and EIA report from the relevant institutions and the directly impacted groups in the project area, the employer publicized the relevant information of project engineering on Turpan Prefecture Daily in both Uygur and Chinese versions on the 28 th November 2008 for 10 days. Page 386 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 385 Page 387 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 386 10.1.1.2. Construction of Ertanggou Reservoir (1) Public Participation Investigation Target Groups of Public Participation The investigated were (i) the public employment staff in Turpan Prefecture Government and Shanshan County administrative institutions, (ii) the staff of Karez Protection Association and Turpan Prefecture Bureau of Cultural Relics (iii) villagers in Qialekan Village of Shengjin Township where the project will be located and (iv) other social people and audience in media. Investigation Pattern in Public Participation A. Questionnaire Investigation For a better solicitation of public opinions on the construction of Ertanggou Reserevoir, questionnaire investigation was made on the 23rd August 2008. The investigated were (i) the public employment staff, (ii) ordinary people, (iii) people to be resettled, villagers and village heads of Qialekan Village and (iv) the villagers of Handunkanbakaner Village (the host village of the resettlers). 20 sets of questionnaires were distributed and 16 sets were fed back. The questionnaire format is presented in Table 10.1-4 and the information of the investigated are presented in Table 10.1-5. Table 10.1-4. Questionnaire of Public Participation for the Construction of Ertanggou Reservoir, Shanshan County I. Basic Information 1. Name 2. Sex Male Female 3. Age b elow 18 19~39 39~60 above 60 4. Ethnic Han Uygur Hui Other 5. Education Primary School and below Junior Middle School Senior Middle School or Technical Secondary School Junior College and above 6. Occupation Farmer, Herdsman Stud ent Worker and Technician Public Employment Staff 7. Institution 8. Monthly Income below RMB 500 RMB 500~1000 RMB 1000~2000 above RMB 2000 II. Project General Information Ertanggou Reservoir will be built at the middle reaches of Ertanggou River at the west part of Shanshan County. The dam site will be 13 km upstream the valley outlet from the mountains. It is around 65 km from Shanshan County Town (89°53 E, 43°18 N). It is a control project on Ertanggou River in the mountainous section. This project of medium size Grade-III will be composed of cross-river dam, spillway, diversion/flood discharge/sand flush tunnel, culvert outlet for irrigation. The dam will be 64.3m high, the normal water level – 1474 m, the total storage 25 million m 3 , the project investment Page 388 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 387 the normal water level – 1474 m, the total storage 25 million m 3 , the project investment RMB 197.78 million. The main purposes of the project construction are (i) the water supply for irrigation and oil field and (ii) flood prevention. After the completion of the construction, the irrigation water supply will amount to 53,936,000 m 3 /year for 207,800 mu of farmland and 4,164,000 m 3 /year for the oil field downstream. The flood prevention standard downstream will be upgraded from flood of 5 years return nowadays to 50 years return. The project will help reduce the groundwater exploitation. Besides, the project construction will help push forward the development of the secondary and tertiary industries to generate more employment opportunities for the surplus rural labors in favor of the regional economic development. Therefore, the project construction will generate significant benefits for social progress, economic development and ecological improvement. From the viewpoint of environmental protection, this is a clean hydraulic project. Generally speaking, the project construction does not have much impact on the environment. However, there are still some impacts on the regional environment: (i) Due to the water interception and storage by the reservoir, there will be some changes in the process of natural runoff, water quality, water temperature and other hydrological features; (ii) Since lots of water will be diverged for irrigation and petroleum exploitation, there will be much less water in the downstream river and the aquatic ecology downstream will be impacted; (iii) land occupation, inundation and resettlement will generate environmental impacts and (iv) Some engineering wastes such as wastewater, waste gas, waste residues and noise will be produced. However, this impact will disappear with the completion of the construction. This EIA report has recommended varieties of effective and feasible mitigation measures against the environmental impacts. When these measures are earnestly put into practice, the environmental impacts of the project construction will be mitigated III. Contents of Investigation 1. Do you know Ertanggou River? Yes No 2. How do you like the present environmental quality on Ertanggou River? very good good it’s OK poor 3. Did you know this project before the investigation? Yes No 4. How do your think the project construction will impact the environmental quality around? serious moderate limited 5. How do you like the impact of the project on the ecological environment? positive impact negative impact no impact 6. How do you like the impact of the project on the water environment? positive impact negative impact no impact 7. What role do you think the project will play for the development of local economy? very big moderate very small not clear 8. What benefit do you think will be the most significant? social benefit economic benefit environmental benefit 9. Do you think the project will be favorable for the reasonable use of the water resources? favorable no good no change 10. What negative impact(s) will be generated by the project? (more choices are also OK) water pollution air pollution waste residues noise soil pollution ecological impact 11. What negative impact(s) will be generated by the project? (more choices are also OK) water pollution air pollution waste residues noise soil pollution ecological impact Page 389 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 388 ecological impact 12. Is the site selection reasonable or not? reasonable basically reasonable not reasonable 13. How will the project construction benefit irrigation? very good good moderate as the same as before the construction 14. What is the environmental problem you concern most? water pollution air pollution impact of solid wastes impact of noise impact on ecology soil salinization other 15. What will be the general environmental tendency with the impact of the project? The local environmental quality will be upgraded. There will be some impacts, and mitigation measures will be required. There will be no impact. 16. What proposal do you have to solve the environmental problems in the project? strengthening the design of environmental protection strengthening the management of environmental protection strengthening investment to environmental ma nagement facilities others 17. What is your attitude to this project? support acceptable against let is be 18. Any other proposal or remarks? Table 10.1-5. Statistics of Questionnaire Investigation Items No. of People % Below 18 0 0 19-39 12 75% 39-60 4 25% Age Above 60 0 0 Han 7 44% Uygur 8 50% Ethnic Other 1 6% Primary School and below 0 0 Junior Middle School 2 12.5% Senior Middle School or Technical Secondary School 3 18.5% Education Junior College and above 11 69% Farmer, Herdsman 1 6% Student 0 0 Worker and Technician 4 25% Occupation Public Employment Staff 11 69% Shanshan County Town 10 62.5% Residential Place Qialekan Village 6 37.5% B. Interview Since educational status of some residents in the impacted areas was quite low and their capacity of written expression was quite poor, it was relatively difficult to solicit their opinions only by questionnaire investigation. Therefore, interviews were added Page 390 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 389 for better presentation and opinion solicitation of the project. Eight people (all Uygur people) were interviewed. They were all common herdsmen of Shengjin Township where the project is to locate. The interviewing topics included: 9\03 Did you know this project before the interview? 9\03 How do you like the present environmental quality on Ertanggou River? 9\03 Is the project site selection reasonable? 9\03 What role do you think the project will play for the development of local economy? 9\03 What will be the general environmental tendency with the impact of the project? 9\03 What is your attitude to this project? 9\03 Any other proposal or remarks on the project? C. Special Investigation of Resettlement The construction of Ertanggou Reservoir will generate 97 resettlers. They are all Uygur people. Since the resettlers had quite low educational status, interview was the major pattern of investigation. All together, 20 households were interviewed (all Uygur people). They were common villagers of Qialekan Village where the engineering site is to locate. The interviewing topics included: 9\03 Did you know this project before the interview? 9\03 What is your attitude to this project? 9\03 Are you willing to resettle? 9\03 Are you willing to live mixed with the households of other ethnic groups? 9\03 What impact will the resettlement generate to your livelihood and production? 9\03 Is the site selection of resettlement area reasonable? 9\03 Are the planned resettlement and compensation arrangements acceptable to you? 9\03 What is your biggest concern on the resettlement? 9\03 Any other proposal or remarks on the project? Investigation Results Page 391 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 390 A. Results of Participatory Investigation The results of the questionnaire investigation and field interview are presented in Table 10.1-6. Table 10.1-6 Results of the Questionnaire Investigation and Field Interview The Total Investigated: 24 People Topics Options No. of People % Yes 17 70.8% Did you know this project before the investigation? No 7 29.2% Good 6 25.0% Just so so 10 41.7% How do you like the present environmental quality on Meiyaogou River? Poor 8 33.3% Reasonable 14 58.3% Basically Reasonable 10 41.7% Is the project site selection reasonable? Not Reasonable 0 0.0% Positive Impact 17 70.8% Negative Impact 1 4.2% What impact do you think the project will generate to the local ecological environment? No Impact 6 25.0% Very Big 16 66.7% Moderate 8 33.3% Very Small 0 0.0% What role do you think the project will play for the development of local economy? Not Clear 0 0.0% The local environmental quality will be upgraded. 10 41.7% There will be no impacts. 5 20.8% There will be some impacts, and mitigation measures will be required. 9 37.5% What will be the general environmental tendency with the impact of the project? There will be irreversible impact. 0 0.0% Support 16 66.7% Acceptable 7 29.2% Against 0 0.0% What is your attitude to this project? Let it be 1 4.2% B. Special Investigation Results of Resettlement The results of the questionnaire investigation and field interview specially on resettlement are presented in Table 10.1-7. Table 10.1-7 Results of the Questionnaire Investigation and Field Interview Specially on Resettlement 20 Households in Total Topics Options No. of People % Yes 13 65% Did you know this project before the investigation? No 7 35% It is a good project. 7 35% How do you like the project? It is a moderate project. 6 30% Page 392 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 391 It is a poor project. 7 35% Yes 6 30% Are you willing to resettle? No 14 70% Yes 3 15% Are you willing to live mixed with the households of other ethnic groups? No 17 85% More positive impacts 7 35% More negative impacts 8 40% What impact will the resettlement generate to your livelihood and production? No clear 5 25% Appropriate 10 50% Not appropriate 3 15% Is the site selection of resettlement area appropriate? Not clear 7 35% Acceptable 10 50% Are the planned resettlement and compensation arrangements acceptable to you? Not acceptable 10 50% Whether the resettlement special fund will be timely positioned. 16 80% Incomplete arrangement of the livelihood and production facilities in the resettlement area 13 65% What is your biggest concern on the resettlement? Integration among ethnic groups 8 40% Any other proposal or remarks on the project? It will be better if the livelihood conditions after resettlement will be better than the nowadays. The general opinions of the investigated in the public participation are summarized as follows: ¨ The construction of Ertanggou Reservoir will be very important for the development in Shanshan County. It will play an important role in effectively alleviating water supply pressure for irrigation and petroleum exploitation, accelerating the regional economic-social development, upgrading the livelihood of the local people and stabling social environment. ¨ Generally speaking, the construction of Ertanggou Reservoir will not have much impact on the environment, and the water reduction downstream the dame will not have much negative impact on the environment. ¨ The main concerns of the resettlers are: (i) not willing to live mixed with the households of other ethnic groups, and (ii) whether the resettlement compensation fund is timely positioned. As the same time positive remarks were given to the project construction, the public contributed some proposals and raised some requirements on the project: ¨ Environmental protection should be strengthened in the engineering period. It is proposed to put the protection of water environment at an important position, so that the construction of Ertanggou Reservoir will not impact Ertanggou river water and the water quality will satisfy the irrigation downstream. ¨ Water diversion from Ertanggou river mainstream will generate some negative impacts on the ecological environment and landscape environment downstream Page 393 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 392 the dam site. Therefore, attention should be paid to both the project construction and environmental protection. Measures should be taken to make sure that the river course downstream the dam site will not dry up. ¨ Great attention should be paid to protect the vital interest of the project farmers and herdsmen. The laws and legal regulations on environmental protection for construction projects should be highly respected. All the possible measures should be taken to avoid damaging local eco-environment. On the contrary, the local eco-environment should be improved with the help of the project construction. ¨ It is expected that the relevant authority will strictly manage and supervise the release of resettlement compensation fund. D. Management of the Public Opinions ¨ This EIA report has pointed out measures and requirement for the environmental protection (especially water environmental protection) in the engineering period. The budget of environmental protection has been integrated into the overall investment of the project. At the same time, action plan has been formulated for strengthening environmental management and supervision in both the engineering and operation periods. In the action plan, responsible persons, implementers and supervisors are clarified. ¨ It is requested in this report that the training and management of the engineering staff be strengthened for the sake of social order in the project areas an that the habits of the local ethnic groups be highly respected. ¨ To respect the willingness of the resettlers that they do not want to live mixed with the households of other ethnic groups, they will be resettled at the place where Uygur people live in compacts, so that there will be no integration problem with the host villagers. ¨ As for the biggest concerns of the resettlers (i) whether the resettlement special fund will be timely positioned and (ii) whether the livelihood and production facilities in the resettlement area will be complete, this EIA report has proposed the management and supervision institutions relevant to strengthen the supervision over the resettlement special fund. It is required to strengthen annual auditing to make sure that the special fund will not be intercepted or used for other purpose than the designated. Full-time staff will be arranged to supervise the construction of all the livelihood and production facilities in the resettlement area to make sure of the quality, quantity and timely completion. Information Disclosure According to Provisional Measure of Public Participating in Environmental Page 394 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 393 Assessment issued by Ministry Environmental Protection (2006 No. 28), the employer of construction project or the entrusted EIA institution and the administrative authority of environmental protection should disclose EIA information to the public by the means they are familiar with. A. The First Publicity The relevant information of Ertanggou Reservoir construction was publicized on Water Resources Website of Shanshan County on the 24 th November 2008 by the employer – Shanshan County Bureau of Water Resources. \03 \03 B. The Second Publicity The relevant information of the environmental issues on Ertanggou Reservoir construction was publicized on Water Resources Website of Shanshan County on the 24 th November 2008 by the employer – Shanshan County Bureau of Water Resources. Page 395 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 394 10.1.1.3. Construction of Alagou Reservoir Public Participation (1) Investigation Target Groups of Public Participation The investigation target groups of public participation included the relevant institutions of Tuokexun County, technicians of Alagou Hydrological Station, the villagers near the impacted area and other people interested in the project construction. (2) Investigation Pattern in Public Participation In the participatory investigation, the relevant institutions were interviewed one by one to solicit their opinions and remarks on the construction of Alagou Reservoir. Interviews plus questionnaire investigation were made for the villagers near the impacted area. The questionnaire format is presented in Table 10.1-8. Table 10.1-8. Questionnaire of Public Participation for the Construction of Alagou Reservoir Interviewee Unit or Address Name Age Ethnic Occupation Position Education Registered population ( ), incl. laborer ( ) Farmland ( ) mu House ( ) m 2 Family annual net income (RMB) Main Sources of Income (RMB) Cropping (grains, vegetables, fruits, cash crops) Livestock Raising Off-farm Works Enterprise Aquiculture Page 396 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 395 Tractor Truck Motorcycle TV set Faming Tools Others (bicycle, sowing machine, household appliances) Properties in Kind General Information of the Project: The dam site of Alagou Reservoir will be located on Alagou River 3.5 km upstream the valley outlet. At normal water level of 940.77m, the storage capacity of the reservoir will amount to 34.12 million m 3 . For the construction, 1700 m 2 of houses in the impacted area will be demolished generating 100 settlers. The inundation will mainly impact Nanquan District. The main structures to be built will include the dam, diversion canals and so on. Positive Impacts of the Construction: (1) The capacity of flood prevention downstream will be upgraded to the flood of 50 years return. (2) The irrigation benefit of Alagou River will be upgraded with the better use of water resources. (3) The project construction will push forward the agricultural development and eco- environment improvement downstream. Negative Impacts of the Construction: (1) There will be some environmental impacts around the engineering site in the construction period. (2) there will be some inundation. (3) There will be some partial impact on the aquatic eco-environment downstream the dam site. After knowing the basic information of this project, please consider the following issues and make your choice: Land occupation House demolishment Both land occupation and resettlement Neither land occupation nor house demolishment Other What is the impact of reservoir construction on you? Do you agree to build the reservoir? Yes No Let it be. Will you follow the arrangement of land occupation, house demolishment and resettlement? Yes No Yes but with conditions What type of environmental pollution impacts you most? Noise Damage to ecology Water pollution Less fish What mitigation measures will you propose? Vegetation building Multiplication of baby fish Reinforce embankment Other Other opinions or suggestions Remarks 1. Put “ ” at the place you agree. 2. The issues not-yet included in the above, please put them in the space for “Other opinions or suggestions”. Working staff: \03 \03 \03\03\03 \03 \03\03 \03 \03\03 \03\03 Date: (3) Results of Public Participation In the investigations of public participation in the impacted area of Alagou Reservoir Construction, 60 sets of questionnaires were distributed and 53 sets were fed back. More details are presented in Table 10.2-9. Table 10.1-9 Public Participation for the Construction of Alagou Reservoir Age Educational Status Occupation Old Adult Young Senior Middle School Junior Middle Scholl Primary School Public employment Staff Farmer Other Page 397 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 396 Nanquan District 16 21 16 6 38 9 2 50 1 % 30% 40% 30% 11% 72% 17% 4% 94% 2% (4) Investigation Result A. Opinions from Institutions Opinions from Nanquan District Government Nanquan District Government fully agrees on the construction of Alagou Reservoir. Opinions from Alagou Hydrological Station Alagou Hydrological Station agrees on the construction of Alagou Reservoir. Opinions from the Impacted Villages and Neighborhood Committees in Nanquan District In the participatory investigations, the project staff interviewed the impacted villages and neighborhood committees in Nanquan District. On the basis of oral interview and written statements of the interviewee units, the key-points are summarized as follows: ¨ All the impacted villages and neighborhood committees believed that the construction of Alagou Reservoir will play a good role in the flood prevention, irrigation and ecological improvement downstream in favor of the local economic development. ¨ All the impacted villages and neighborhood committees requested to keep the systems of roads, telecommunication and electric power supply in good order in spite of the inundation due to the construction of Alagou Reservoir. ¨ All the impacted villages and neighborhood committees requested to strengthen environmental protection (especially water protection) to mitigate negative impacts on the environment. The conclusion of the impacted villages and neighborhood committees is: they fully will support the construction of Alagou Reservoir. B. Public Opinions Questionnaire Investigation The key-points of the 53 sets of collected questionnaires are summarized as follows: Page 398 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 397 ¨ It was observed in the investigation that 37.8% of the investigated will be impacted by land occupation, 13.2% by house demolishment and 45.9% will be impacted in other aspects. ¨ It was leant from the investigation that 100% of the investigated are to support the construction of Alagou Reservoir. ¨ Around 40.0% of the investigated thought the major impact of the project construction will be on water environment, 35.5% -- noise, 26.5% -- ecological environment, and 3.8% -- other aspect. It can be observed that the public concern is focused on water pollution and noise. Therefore, it is proposed to strengthen the protection of water and acoustic environment in the project construction. ¨ When soliciting mitigation measures, 20.5% of the investigated were for vegetation building, while 79.5% for the other aspects. As can be observed in the participatory investigations, most of the public take positive attitude towards the construction of Alagou Reservoir. Some of the investigated expressed their concern for the impact of the project construction on water environment, while most of the investigated showed their special concern on the compensation for structure demolishment and resettlement. The public thought it would be necessary to help the villagers build reservoir area roads. Towards the construction of Alagou Reservoir, Nanquan District Government, all the villagers in the reservoir area and the relevant people take supportive attitude, since they believed that the project construction will accelerate the local socio-economic development. At the same time, they realized that the project construction would generate some impacts on the water environment and farmland resources in the reservoir area. The public hope that appropriate compensation would be available to mend up the loss. Under the precondition that the public interest is safeguarded, the public will be very active to support the project construction. (5) Management of the Public Opinions In accordance with the collected questionnaires in the participatory investigations, the concern of the public focused on road building in the reservoir area, soil conservation and resettlement compensation. This EIA report has proposed clear measures for each of these key-points. The project management should be open and fair to safeguard the vital interest of the impacted villagers. The public opinions from the participatory investigations will be managed through 3 channels: 9\03 The opinions on eco-environmental quality and environmental protection will be reflected in EIA reports, in which the nature, scope and intensity of the impacts will be identified and mitigation measures will be proposed. 9\03 The opinions and remarks on the quality and progress of the project Page 399 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 398 construction will be forwarded to the technical department of the project management for their reference. 9\03 The opinions and remarks on the compensation for land occupation and resettlement will be forwarded to the resettlement department of the project management for their reference. The public opinions are mainly involved in the quality and progress of the project construction and the vital interest. These opinions and remarks will be forwarded to the project management headquarters for appropriate measures relevant to satisfy the public. The public opinions and counter measures are illustrated in Table 10.1-10. Table 10.1-10. Public Opinions and Counter Measures Aspect Opinion Formulated Counter Measures Further Management Engineering Road at the reservoir area should be built for the convenience of the local residents. However, dust problem should be mitigated in road building. Attention will be paid to environmental protection and management during the engineering. The route of temporary road will be carefully selected for convenient transportation. The request of the public will be earnestly considered. Land Occupation It is requested to properly handle the resettlement issues of the resettlers and the livelihood issues of the farmers whose land is occupied. The impacted people will be compensated for their loss in favor of the production and livelihood. The resettlement plan will be further improved. The measures of environmental protection during the engineering should be seriously implemented. Environmental protection will be supervised during the engineering. The supervision on environmental protection will be improved and furthered The engineering residues should not be randomly disposed for the sake of the local landscape protection. Environment Protection During the engineering, attention should be paid to reduce water pollution, air pollution, acoustic pollution and vegetation damage. The EIA reports have analyzed the possible impacts on water, air, acoustic and ecological environment as well as the problem of waste residues in the engineering period. Accordingly, mitigation measures have been prepared. The scheme of environmental protection in the preliminary design will be improved. Page 400 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 399 It is expected that the construction of Alagou Reservoir will be completed at the designated quality and quantity for the welfare of the local people. The reservoir construction will be put under full supervision. Other Opinions It is expected that the construction progress will be accelerated for earlier benefits. All the works for the reservoir construction will be done at good quality and quicker pace. 10.1.2. Other Issues of Information Disclosure In accordance with the domestic stipulations, only EIA tables are required for the project packages of water-saving irrigation, canal construction & improvement and Karez protection. On the basis of Chinese legal regulations and management provisions on environmental protection, it is not required to disclose the information of EIA tables. Therefore, the information of environmental impacts was not disclosed in preparing the EIA tables. However, to satisfy the World Bank policies on information disclosure, at the same time Comprehensive Environmental Assessment Report was prepared, the EIA tables for the above project packages were publicized. The information publicity was done mainly by pasting notifications on the information boards of the township governments and village commissions in the project area. The concrete activity is shown in the following pictures: Page 401 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 0 0 F i r s t P u b l i c i t y o f W a t e r - s a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n F i r s t P u b l i c i t y o f W a t e r - s a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n F i r s t P u b l i c i t y o f W a t e r - s a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n P r o j e c t o f T u r p a n C i t y P r o j e c t o f S h a n s h a n C o u n t y P r o j e c t o f T u o k e c u n C o u n t y T i m e : J u l y 2 6 , 2 0 0 9 - A u g u s t 0 4 , 2 0 0 9 T i m e : J u l y 2 6 , 2 0 0 9 - A u g u s t 0 4 , 2 0 0 9 T i m e : J u l y 2 6 , 2 0 0 9 - A u g u s t 0 4 , 2 0 0 9 L o c a t i o n : Q i a t e k a l e T o w n s h i p G o v e r n m e n t L o c a t i o n : T u y u g o u T o w n s h i p G o v e r n m e n t L o c a t i o n : G u o y i b u l e T o w n s h i p G o v e r n m e n t S e c o n d P u b l i c i t y o f W a t e r - s a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n S e c o n d P u b l i c i t y o f W a t e r - s a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n S e c o n d P u b l i c i t y o f W a t e r - s a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n P r o j e c t o f T u r p a n C i t y P r o j e c t o f S h a n s h a n C o u n t y P r o j e c t o f T u o k e c u n C o u n t y T i m e : A u g u s t 2 0 , 2 0 0 9 - A u g u s t 2 9 , 2 0 0 9 T i m e : A u g u s t 2 0 , 2 0 0 9 - A u g u s t 2 9 , 2 0 0 9 T i m e : A u g u s t 2 0 , 2 0 0 9 - A u g u s t 2 9 , 2 0 0 9 L o c a t i o n : Q i a t e k a l e T o w n s h i p G o v e r n m e n t L o c a t i o n : T u y u g o u T o w n s h i p G o v e r n m e n t L o c a t i o n : B o s i t a n T o w n s h i p G o v e r n m e n t Page 402 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 0 1 F i r s t P u b l i c i t y o f E n v i . I n f o . O n F i r s t P u b l i c i t y o f E n v i . I n f o . O n F i r s t P u b l i c i t y o f E n v i . I n f o . o n T a e r l a n g B r a n c h C a n a l E r t a n g B r a n c h C a n a l L i n i n g A l a g o u B r a n c h C a n a l T i m e J u l y 3 0 , 2 0 0 9 - A u g . 0 8 , 2 0 0 9 T i m e J u l y 3 0 , 2 0 0 9 - A u g . 0 8 , 2 0 0 9 T i m e J u l y 3 0 , 2 0 0 9 - A u g . 0 8 , 2 0 0 9 L o c a t i o n : Y a e r T o w n s h i p G o v e r n m e n t L o c a t i o n : L i a n m u q i a n T o w n s h i p G o v e r n m e n t L o c a t i o n : B o s i t a n T o w n s h i p G o v e r n m e n t S e c o n d P u b l i c i t y o f E n v i . I n f o . O n S e c o n d P u b l i c i t y o f E n v i . I n f o . O n S e c o n d P u b l i c i t y o f E n v i . I n f o . o n T a e r l a n g B r a n c h C a n a l E r t a n g B r a n c h C a n a l L i n i n g A l a g o u B r a n c h C a n a l T i m e A u g u s t 3 1 , 2 0 0 9 - S e p t . 0 9 , 2 0 0 9 T i m e A u g u s t 3 1 , 2 0 0 9 - S e p t . 0 9 , 2 0 0 9 T i m e A u g u s t 3 1 , 2 0 0 9 - S e p t . 0 9 , 2 0 0 9 L o c a t i o n : Y a e r T o w n s h i p G o v e r n m e n t L o c a t i o n : L i a n m u q i a n T o w n s h i p G o v e r n m e n t L o c a t i o n : B o s i t a n T o w n s h i p G o v e r n m e n t Page 403 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 402 First Publicity of Envir. Info. on Second Publicity of Envir. Info. on Wudaolin Karez Preservation Project Wudaolin Karez Preservation Project Time July 20, 2009-July 29, 2009 Time Aug.31, 2009 -Sept. 09, 2009 Location: Yaer Township Government Location: Yaer Township Government 10.2. Information Disclosure of Comprehensive Environmental Assessment Report (CEA) 10.2.1. Arrangement of Information Disclosure In accordance with the World Bank requirements for information disclosure, there were at least two rounds of participatory information disclosure in the period of CEA preparation. The first round was done on the 23 rd June 2009, while the second round was done on the 11 th August the same year. 10.2.2. Participatory Patterns The public participation in the project was done with integration among expert consultation, leaflets distribution in all the sub-project areas and information publicity on websites and newspapers. In the public participation, the Project EIA Group presented the project background and EIA working scheme to solicit opinions and remarks on the EIA, so that priority will be given to the key-points in EIA for target- oriented mitigation measures. The participants were mainly the people who will be impacted by the project construction or are living near the engineering sites. The participants were the people of different age sections, genders, educational statuses and occupations. The questionnaire not only focused on the general attitude of the public on the project construction, but also emphasized the attitude of the impacted people towards the concrete environmental issues such as: . the benefits to be brought forth by the project construction; . the negative impacts of the project construction such as on water environment, acoustic environment, air environment and so on; and . the resettlement and compensation issues for the people to be impacted by land occupation. All the meetings or questionnaire investigations of public participation were held in the project area. With the impacted people as the main participants, representatives from governmental institutions relevant were also invited. In the activities of public participation, the EIA Institution presented the current environmental situation in the project area and illustrated the major negative impacts of the project construction on the environment. Then, the opinions and remarks of the participants were solicited to Page 404 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 403 probe their main concern. The second round of public participation was done after the pre-evaluation of CEA with the integration of expert consultation and information publicity on websites and newspapers. The EIA Institution was requested to explain how the issues that raised by experts during CEA preparation were reflected in the revised CEA. Additional information for the improvement of CEA was solicited. The CEA draft was put at places easily accessible by the public. The said places included all levels of the project offices. The First Publicity: Website Publicity: Page 405 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 0 4 N e w s p a p e r P u b l i c i t y : \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 Page 406 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 405 \03 Second Publicity: Website publicity \03 Page 407 N e w s p a p e r p u b l i c i t y Page 408 10.1.3.3. Result of Public Participation in the Project Environmental Assessment In the public participation in the project environmental assessment, the information was disclosed on Turpan Prefecture Daily and by posters throughout the project impacted area. As can be observed in the participatory investigations, most of the resettlement households are not willing to leave their indigenous township. In particular, the local ethnic minorities clearly expressed their unwillingness of leaving their own indigenous place, and they hope to be resettled within the same village or at least at the places not far from their original residential sites. Through soliciting the opinions of the resettlers, Turpan Prefecture Government decided to resettle the impacted people at the west part of Bakaner Village (Lianmuxin Township) not far from their original residential sites. Through soliciting the opinions of the host villagers, the resettlers are welcome. 10.3. Conclusion On the basis of EIA requirements of the Chinese Government and the World Bank, the project information was disclosed by means of Turpan Prefecture Daily, websites of water resources, posters at all the township governments and village commissions throughout the project area. Since Turpan Prefecture is a place where ethnic minorities live in compacts, all the information publicity was done in both Uygur and Chinese languages. The information of the project main constructions, the environmental impacts and mitigation measures was clearly publicized. In addition, channels of appeal and information enquiry were accessible to the public. More details of information disclosure are presented in Table 10.3-1 and Table 10.3-2. The finalized Comprehensive Environmental Assessment Report (CEA) will be collected in Turpan Prefecture Library, and the simplified CEA will be publicized on the World Bank Website and Turpan Prefecture Website of water resources. The implementation of public participation is presented in Table 10.1-1. Table 10.3-1. Implementation Of Public Participation Time Participant Investigation Pattern Organizer Turpan Prefecture Jun-09 • Field interview; • Questionnaire investigation; • Posters; • Information disclosure Aug-09 • Representatives of the resettlers; • Representatives from the bureaus of water resources, environmental protection, cultural relics, agriculture and forestry of Turpan Prefecture, Turpan City, Shanshan County and Tuokexun County; • Experts of water-saving irrigation, environment, ecology and Karez. • Questionnaire investigation; • Expert consltation; • Information disclosure; • Interview Project Office Environmental Expert Group Turpan City Sep~Oct 2008 • Representatives from the bureaus of water resources, environmental protection and • Field interview; • Questionnaire investigation; • Turpan City Bureau of Water Page 409 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 408 Nov~Dec 2008 environmental protection and forestry of Turpan Prefecture and Turpan City as well as Association of Karez Protection; • Representatives of the impacted people throughout the project area; • Experts of water-saving irrigation, hydro-geology, environment, ecology and Karez. investigation; • Expert consultation; • Information disclosure. Water Resources • Xinjiang Design Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower Shanshan County Sep~Oct 2008 Nov~Dec 2008 • Representatives from the bureaus of water resources, environmental protection, forestry and cultural relics of Turpan Prefecture and Shanshan County; • Representatives of the impacted people throughout the project area in Shanshan County; • Experts of water-saving irrigation, hydro-geology, environment, ecology, Karez and cultural relics protection. • Field interview; • Questionnaire investigation; • Expert consultation; • Information disclosure. • Shanshan County Bureau of Water Resources • Xinjiang Design Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower Tuokexun County Sep-07 • Representatives from the bureaus of water resources, environmental protection, forestry and cultural relics of Turpan Prefecture and Tuokexun County; • Representatives of the impacted people throughout the project area in Tuokexun County • Field interview; • Questionnaire investigation • Tuokexun County Bureau of Water Resources • Hunan Design Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower Note: The photos, newspapers and websites of information disclosure of the project CEA are presented in the annexes. Page 410 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 0 9 W B F u n d e d T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t - E I A - E M P P r e p a r a t i o n s a n d S u m m a r y o f I n f o r m a t i o n D i s c l o s u r e T a b l e 1 0 . 3 - 2 N o . E I A / E M P E I A ( Y e s / N o ) E M P ( Y e s / N o ) C h i n e s e / U y g u r E I A / E M P s u b m i s s i o n F i r s t i n f o r m a t i o n p u b l i c a t i o n S e c o n d i n f o r m a t i o n p u b l i c a t i o n E I A / E M P p u b l i c a t i o n w a y s a n d i n q u i r y p l a c e 1 T u r p a n C i t y M e i Y a o G o u R e s e r v o i r P r o j e c t Y Y C / U C / 2 0 0 8 - 1 2 2 0 0 8 . 9 2 0 0 8 . 1 1 P u b l i s h e d i n n e w s p a p e r ( T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e D a i l y ) , T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e P M O , e n v i r o n m e n t a l a s s e s s m e n t i n s t i t u t e - X i n j i a n g H y d r o p o w e r I n s t i t u t e E n v i r o n m e n t a l A s s e s s m e n t D e p a r t m e n t 2 T u r p a n C i t y T a ’ E r L a n g B r a n c h C a n a l P r o j e c t Y Y C / U C / 2 0 0 8 - 1 2 2 0 0 9 . 7 2 0 0 9 . 8 P r o j e c t a r e a v i l l a g e c o m m i t t e e / t o w n s h i p g o v e r n m e n t p o s t p u b l i c n o t i c e s , T u r p a n C i t y P M O , e n v i r o n m e n t a l a s s e s s m e n t i n s t i t u t e - X i n j i a n g H y d r o p o w e r I n s t i t u t e E n v i r o n m e n t a l A s s e s s m e n t D e p a r t m e n t 3 T u r p a n C i t y W a t e r - s a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n P r o j e c t Y Y C / U C / 2 0 0 8 - 1 2 2 0 0 9 . 7 2 0 0 9 . 8 P r o j e c t a r e a v i l l a g e c o m m i t t e e / t o w n s h i p g o v e r n m e n t p o s t p u b l i c n o t i c e s , T u r p a n C i t y P M O , e n v i r o n m e n t a l a s s e s s m e n t i n s t i t u t e - X i n j i a n g H y d r o p o w e r I n s t i t u t e E n v i r o n m e n t a l A s s e s s m e n t D e p a r t m e n t 4 T u r p a n C i t y W u D a o L i n K a r e z P r o t e c t i o n P r o j e c t Y Y C / U C / 2 0 0 8 - 1 2 2 0 0 9 . 7 2 0 0 9 . 8 P r o j e c t a r e a v i l l a g e c o m m i t t e e / t o w n s h i p g o v e r n m e n t p o s t p u b l i c n o t i c e s , T u r p a n C i t y P M O , e n v i r o n m e n t a l a s s e s s m e n t i n s t i t u t e - X i n j i a n g H y d r o p o w e r I n s t i t u t e E n v i r o n m e n t a l A s s e s s m e n t D e p a r t m e n t 5 S h a n s h a n C o u n t y E r T a n g G o u R e s e r v o i r P r o j e c t Y Y C / U C / 2 0 0 8 - 1 2 2 0 0 8 . 1 1 2 0 0 8 . 1 1 S h a n s h a n C o u n t y W R B w e b s i t e , S h a n s h a n C o u n t y P M O e n v i r o n m e n t a l a s s e s s m e n t i n s t i t u t e - X i n j i a n g H y d r o p o w e r I n s t i t u t e E n v i r o n m e n t a l A s s e s s m e n t D e p a r t m e n t 6 S h a n s h a n C o u n t y E r T a n g B r a n c h C a n a l L i n i n g P r o j e c t Y Y C / U C / 2 0 0 8 - 1 2 2 0 0 9 . 7 2 0 0 9 . 8 P r o j e c t a r e a v i l l a g e c o m m i t t e e / t o w n s h i p g o v e r n m e n t p o s t p u b l i c n o t i c e s , S h a n s h a n C o u n t y P M O e n v i r o n m e n t a l a s s e s s m e n t i n s t i t u t e - X i n j i a n g H y d r o p o w e r I n s t i t u t e E n v i r o n m e n t a l A s s e s s m e n t D e p a r t m e n t 7 S h a n s h a n C o u n t y W a t e r - s a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n P r o j e c t Y Y C / U C / 2 0 0 8 - 1 2 2 0 0 9 . 7 2 0 0 9 . 8 P r o j e c t a r e a v i l l a g e c o m m i t t e e / t o w n s h i p g o v e r n m e n t p o s t p u b l i c n o t i c e s , S h a n s h a n C o u n t y P M O e n v i r o n m e n t a l a s s e s s m e n t i n s t i t u t e - X i n j i a n g H y d r o p o w e r I n s t i t u t e E n v i r o n m e n t a l A s s e s s m e n t D e p a r t m e n t 8 T u o k e s u n C o u n t y A l a g o u R e s e r v o i r P r o j e c t Y Y C / U C / 2 0 0 9 - 1 — — — — — — 9 T u o k e s u n C o u n t y A l a g o u M a i n C a n a l P r o j e c t Y Y C / U C / 2 0 0 8 - 1 2 2 0 0 9 . 7 2 0 0 9 . 8 P r o j e c t a r e a v i l l a g e c o m m i t t e e / t o w n s h i p g o v e r n m e n t p o s t p u b l i c n o t i c e s , T u o k e s u n C o u n t y P M O e n v i r o n m e n t a l a s s e s s m e n t i n s t i t u t e - X i n j i a n g H y d r o p o w e r Page 411 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 1 0 N o . E I A / E M P E I A ( Y e s / N o ) E M P ( Y e s / N o ) C h i n e s e / U y g u r E I A / E M P s u b m i s s i o n F i r s t i n f o r m a t i o n p u b l i c a t i o n S e c o n d i n f o r m a t i o n p u b l i c a t i o n E I A / E M P p u b l i c a t i o n w a y s a n d i n q u i r y p l a c e I n s t i t u t e E n v i r o n m e n t a l A s s e s s m e n t D e p a r t m e n t 1 0 T u o k e s u n C o u n t y W a t e r - s a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n P r o j e c t Y Y C / U C / 2 0 0 8 - 1 2 2 0 0 9 . 7 2 0 0 9 . 8 P r o j e c t a r e a v i l l a g e c o m m i t t e e / t o w n s h i p g o v e r n m e n t p o s t p u b l i c n o t i c e s , T u o k e s u n C o u n t y P M O e n v i r o n m e n t a l a s s e s s m e n t i n s t i t u t e - X i n j i a n g H y d r o p o w e r I n s t i t u t e E n v i r o n m e n t a l A s s e s s m e n t D e p a r t m e n t 1 1 W B F u n d e d X i n j i a n g U y g u r A u t o n o m o u s R e g i o n T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t E I A Y Y C / U C / 2 0 0 9 - 9 2 0 0 9 . 6 2 0 0 9 . 8 P u b l i s h i n g i n n e w s p a p e r ( T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e D a i l y ) , T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e w a t e r r e s o u r c e s w e b s i t e , T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e P M O Page 412 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 411 11 Resettlement and Social Impacts 11.1 Brief Introduction of Resettlement Turpan Prefecture Water Conservation Project consists of reservoir component, water-saving irrigation component and canal newly built (rehabilitation) component. Only reservoir component will be concerned with resettlement issue. Except ErTangGou Reservoir Project will have livelihood restoration issue, all reservoir projects will be only concerned with production resettlement. Turpan Prefecture Water Conservation Project Leading Group Office and LG Offices of County/City will be the execution institutions of the project. PMOs of County/City in Turpan Prefecture and Project Owners will be the implementation institutions of the project. Based on the latest FS results of each project component and detailed social economical investigation and impact investigation, with the assistances from the Xinjiang Water Resources and Hydropower Design Institute and WB experts, Turpan WRB PMO has drafted MeiYaoGou Reservoir Project RAP, ErTangGou Reservoir Project RAP and Alagou Reservoir Project RAP. 11.2 Project Impacts During the period from August to October 2008, Project Owners with the collaboration of local governments at various levels, administrative villages, village group cadres, relocatees and project design institutes carried out investigations over main inventory indexes one by one in terms of population to be influenced, housing and affiliated facilities, land and specific facilities based on the preliminarily proposed land requisition scope. Those inventory indexes were re-investigated for review purpose based on the latest FS results in November 2008. Based on those field investigations, after communications with the Project Owners, project design institute has taken into account as much as possible the impacts of project on the social economy and environment that are the crucial factors to which the optimization and comparison among alternatives are subject to. In order to minimize land requisition and resettlement, both design institutes and Project Owners have taken a series of effective measures with regard to selection of alternatives and layout of completion facilities so as to bypass the residential area, limit requisition of farmland and satisfy local planning and the recommendations of the local government. 11.3 Policy Framework and the Rights Reserved In accordance with the Circular of the State Council on Intensifying the Land Control (Document No.28 in 2008), Rules of Land Administration in Turpan Prefecture , and Guidance Concerning Further Improving Compensation System for Land Requisition (GuoTuZiFa, No.28), as well as WB OP/BP 4.12 < Involuntary Resettlement > and their appendixes, the resettlement policies of this project are aimed to avoid the unfavorable impacts triggered by the land requisition and dismantling. The properties of the persons who have to suffer those unfavorable impacts will be compensated at a replacement price. Those persons will be provided with proper assistances to help them obtain adequate chances to restore or surpass original livelihood. The main principles are as follows: 1take every p ossible measures to minimize the unfavorable impacts on the relocatees; 2compensation and resettlement schemes can improve relocatees’s livelihood or at least help them restore previous livelihood; 3negotiations with the relocatees in a Page 413 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 412 sincere manner, involve them into the planning and implementation of resettlement scheme in an all-around way; 4all properties to be influenced will be compensated at a replacement cost; 5dismantling after compensation. No land requisition and dismantling may be allowed until the relocated obtain all compensation fee, namely that land requisition and related property expropriation may be allowed upon the payment of all compensation fees or upon the provision of receipt location and resettlement subsidies; 6the Borrower shall be responsible for the financing of resettlement fund including contingency fee for resettlement; 7verification of relocatee qualifications. Relocation qualification will be verified on the due date on which the land requisition notice is issued. After such date, no newly built, housing enlargement and housing rebuilt by the relocatees may be allowed; no variation of utilization purposes of housing and land may be allowed; no land leasing and housing procurement and sale may be allowed. The persons who join in this area after such date will not be deemed as relocatees; 8all housings will be compensated at a replacement price. 11.4 Compensation Standards for Land and Houses (1) Compensation for Land Acquisition and Subsidy for Resettlement A Compensation to Forest Land According to the Method to Implement the Forest Law of the People ’s Republic of China issued by Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, compensation to forest land acquisition includes four parts, such as land compensation, subsidy for relocation, compensation to trees and forest vegetation recovery fees. The compensation to forest land shall be made in line with the Method of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region to Implement the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Land Administration, the Circular issued jointly by Xinjiang Development and Reform Committeee and Xinjiang Finance Bureau entiled Standards for Administrative Charging by National Land Resources System of Xinjiang (Document No. [2001]500). B Compensation to Cultivated Land Such compensation includes compensation to the land and subsidy for resettlement. According to Document No. [2001]500, compensation for Class-3 cultivated land uses base compensation index of 480 yuan/mu, and compensation for special crops is: within 3 times of the base compensation index for vegetable land; within 4 times of the base index for grape yard. However, according to surveys, the averge production values of vegetables in open field, vegetable in greenhouses and grape in the previous 3 years were 2000 yuan/mu, 5000yuan/mu, and 2000 yuan/mu, therefore, their compensation indexes are set as 2000 yuan/mu, 5000 yuan/mu and 2000 yuan/mu, respectively. Land compensation is made as 10 times of the compensation index, and the subsidy for resettlement is set as 6 times of the index, and compensation to cultivated land is set 16 times. C Houses and the Affiliated Structures Brick and wooden structure houses shall be calculated based on a rate of 200 yuan/ m 2 , and the attached fencing walls at a rate of 20 yuan/m; the compensation shall be calculated with comprehensive consideration of depreciation(?) and dilipidation status. D. Small Water Conservancy and Popower Transmission Structures Page 414 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 413 Cost estimation of the small size water conservancy and power transmission structures is conducted based on local prices. Overall main canal is calculated at 100000 yuan/km, and the total cost is 160 thousand yuan; water diversion field ditches is calculated at 10000yuan/km, and the total cost is 20 thousand yuan; flood discharge aquiduct is calculated at 5000 yuan/set, and the total is 15 thousand yuan. The unit costs and total costs for flood embankments, water storage ponds and line of power transmission are, respectivley, 100000 yuan/km, 50yuan/ m 2 and 50000 yuan/km, and 100 thousand yuan, 145 thousand yuan and 210 thousand yuan. The transformers are regarded as reusable, so only removal and transportation costs are considered in the calculation, and the unit cost is 1000 yuan/set, and the total cost is 1 thousand yuan. (2) Compensation to Temporary Land Uses Temporary land use for the purpose of the project construction is in the gobi desert land area along the road sides. The gobi desert and river bottom land belong to the nation and without uses by people. So no compensation is needed for the temporary land uses. (3) Compensation for Reconstruction of Specialized Structures Meiyaogou Reservoir Construction Specialized structures to be inundated by construction of Meiyaogour reservoir include mainly power line side road for repair purpose, an abandoned thermal power station, and Meiyaogou Hydrological Station. i) Abandoned Thermal Power Station There is no need to reconstruct this station, so only removal cost is calculated and the initially estimated price is 50 thousand yuan. ii) Hydrological Station Compensation for removal and reconstruction of the hydrological station was estimated by Turpan Prefecture Hydrological and Water Resources Bureau following the princile of resuming original scale, standard and functions. The cost is incluced in the chapter on hydrological issues. Ertanggou Reservoir Construction The specialized structures to be inundated by construction of Ertanggou reservoir mainly include: one hydrological station, 20 ancient tombs, and 1 site of rock painting and 1 anciment residential area. i) Hydrological Station: According to the hydrolobial station relocation plan prepared by Turpan Prefecture Hydrological and Water Resources Bureau, relocation and reconstruction cost of the hydrological station is 966.95 thousand yuan. ii) Ancient tombs and the rock painting: According to results of survey conducted by Xinjiang Regional Archaeological Research Institute to the Ertanggou reservoir area, the preservation and excavation cost will be 180 thousand yuan. Page 415 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 414 iii) Simple road (herding road): The length of road to be inundated in 2.5 km. According to plan, the recovery and reconstruciton length is 3 km, unit cost is 500 thousand yuan/km, totally 1.5 million yuan is needed. Alagou Reservoir Construction Specialized structures to be inundated by construction of Alagou reservoir includes Alagou hydrological station, 6.5 km of flood prevention embankment and 1 TV signal transmitter tower, 4 km of line of communication and 3 km of power transmission line. i) Road: The road to be inundated in a simple road and will be recovered according to its original standard at a unit cost estimated at 500000 yuan/km. Road bridge of 25m is calculated at unit cost of 90000 yuan. Line of communication is regarded as reusable, so only removal and installation cost at 500 yuan/km is taken into calculation. TV signal transmitter is regarded as reusable, and its removal and transportation cost is taken as 300 yuan/set. The TV signal transmitter tower is regarded as reusable, and the compensation totals 10000 yuan. ii) Power transmission line: The power transmission line is taken as reusabel, and the cost for recovery and reconstruction of the power transmission line (220kv) is 1 million yuan per km. iii) Ancient tombs: The compensation for removal and transportation of the tombs is calculated as 5000 yuan/site. iv) Hydrological station: According to cost estimation for the removal and reconstruction of the hydro-station by Turpan Prefecture Hydrological and Water Resources Bureau following the princile of resuming original scale, standard and functions, totally 2 million yuan is needed. 11.5 Institutional Organization Turpan Prefecture PMO will assist PMOs at county/city levels and guide the Project Owners to carry out land requisition and dismantling activities in accordance with the RAP in a serious way. All counties/cities suffering impacts will set up leading groups and resettlement offices. The Project Owners of all project components will take main responsibilities for resettlement consulting services, resettlement implementation and timely delivery of rights and benefits observed. Related townships and villages will provide necessary assistances. 11.6 Vulnerable Groups The women within the project area enjoy the rights, benefits, positions the same as the men. No special cares are needed. The vulnerable groups within the project area means disadvantaged people, including the disabled, elderly person of no family, orphan and low- income families. The disabled and low-income families shall be given special attentions. During the resettlement implementation period, all vulnerable groups to be influenced by the project will be further analyzed and identified in terms of family member structure, employment situation, ownership of family resources in accordance with their objective conditions and the data provided by the Civil Affairs Department. Once a household is Page 416 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 415 defined as vulnerable group, special assistance would be also given by the project execution institute during the resettlement implementation period. All relocatees will be Uygur herders (there will be 98 relocatees from 20 households by the planning target year), of which, there are 24 low-income persons from 9 households, 1 disabled person. Those people will be regarded as vulnerable groups. The basic information of vulnerable groups within submergence area is shown in Table 8.5-1. Statistics of Basic Information of Vulnerable Groups Table 11.6-1 Name Family Members person Annual income per capita Yuan Monthly subsidy per capita Yuan Total Monthly subsidy Yuan Remarks ReLiPu. WuSiMan 2 400 45 90 461.6 535.9 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 NiYaZiHan. MaiHeMuTi 1 300 55 55 461.6 516.7 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 MuTeLi. MaiHeMuTi 1 550 35 35 1 disabled person KeRanMuHan.YaSeng 4 685 35 140 461.6 478.5 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 A’WaHan.KeYiMu 4 300 55 220 461.6 459.3 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 SeLiMuHan 2 300 55 110 461.6 440.3 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 SiMaYi.MaiTiNiYaZi 4 580 35 140 461.6 421.1 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 NaYiTi.WuShouEr 3 580 35 105 461.6 402.0 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 RouSiTaMu.HaiBiBu 3 520 35 105 461.6 382.9 8.5 4.2 0 : \02 All those vulnerable groups including elderly person of no family, farmer households with women headed and extremely poor households will be given additional financial support and goods support by the project. During the project implementation, all those vulnerable groups will be given additional assistances as follows in accordance with the RAP: (i) to provide labors for free to help build house and make a move; (ii) to pay special subsidies to help them maintain their livelihood during house construction period. The specific amount of subsidies will be determined in accordance with actual conditions and their demands. PMOs at county level and Project Owners are allowed to set aside part of rural resettlement compensation fund as special fund in support of the provision of direct and necessary assistances to the vulnerable groups. 11.7 Machenism to Settle Complaints and Grievance The Project establishes transparent and effective channels for the rural people to be resettled to appeal their complaints and grievance. The process is as follows. Step 1: If a resettler is not satisfied with the decision made in Step 1, she/he may submit complaints to the respective administrative village or Township Resettlement Working Group. In cases of oral complaint, the administrative village should deal with it and record it in writing. Page 417 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 416 Responsive actions should be taken by the village or working group within 2 weeks after having received reasonable requirements or suggestions. Step 2: If the resettler is not satisfied with the decision made in the first step, he/she may appeal to the County Resettlement Office and its Leading Group. The said office should make responsive decision within 2 weeks after having received the complaint. Step 3: If the resettler is still not satisfied with the decision made by the County Resettlement Office, she/he may appeal to the Prefecture Project Resettlement Office; The Prefecture Project Resettlement Office should make responsive decision within 2 weeks after having received the complaint. Step 4: If the resettler is, again, not satisfied with the decision made by the Prefecture Resettlement Office, she/he may can prosecute in a civil court after having received the decision made by the office. The resettlers are entitled to prosecute appeal on any aspects of the resettlement, including the compensation standards. The resettlers will be informed of the above appeal channels through meetings or other patterns, so that the resettlers will sufficiently realize their right of appeal. At the same time, information publicity will be strengthened through media tools. The opinions and proposals from all the stakeholders on the resettlement will be complied by categories for the reference of all levels of resettlement institutions. The appeal will be free of charge to the resettlers. In the case some fee incurred in the process of appealing, it will be paid by the PMO using project preliminary fund. 11.8 Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) In order for smooth implementtion of the RAPs and realizaiton of objectives of the resettlement, the Project shall conduct M&E over the whole process of land acquisition and resettlement. Such M&E includes both internal M&E and independent external M&E that are to be conducted in parallel. 11.8..1 Internal M&E (1) Institutions and Staff Internal M&E institutions for the project resettlement consists of the provincial project office, prefecture/county project offices and the relevant institutions, such as bureau of land administration. These institutions will be equipped with leaders specially in charge of the resettlement in the project. These leaders should have rich experience in resettlement issues and be capable enough to coordinate all the sectors involved in resettlement. The staff in the institutions should also knowledgeable enough in dealing with resettlement and social issues to fulfill its due responsibility. Page 418 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 417 (2) Internal M&E resettlement, the distribution of house sites and the construction of new houses; the release and use of the compensation fund for land requisition, and the progress and quality of the production development activities; the resettling progress of the public institutions, the release of the compensation funds, and the rehabilitation of the public structures; the reconstruction and rehabilitation of infrastructure and the special structures, and the recovery of the production and livelihood of the vulnerable groups; the investigation on and settlement of the major problems relating to the resettlers and the project resettlement institutions involved in RAP implementation; the income recovery of the resettlers after resettlement; the release and use of the resettlement compensation funds; the public participation and consultation in the RAP implementation; technical training and the effect in the resettlers; and the working units, training, working time and efficiency of the local resettlement offices. (3) Implementation Procedures In the project implementation, the project offices at county and prefecture levels should timely record and submit the information of the rural resettlement according to the monitoring formats so as to keep the monitoring activities continuous. All levels of the project offices from provincial to county levels will regularly check the project implementation. In the above mechanism of monitoring operation, information tables of stipulated format should be prepared in favor of the continuous information flow from the grass-root level of the project implementation to the provincial project office. All levels of the project management offices and resettlement offices are important components of the internal monitoring system, and regular checks will be done. (4) Internal M&E Report The county and city project resettlement offices will submit quarterly reports of project progress to county and provincial PMOs. Provincial project office will be responsible to submit semi-annual report of internal monitoring to the World Bank. The reports should include tables of information of the previous 6 months, including progress on land requisition, resettlement and compensation fund release based on comparison of actual and planned amounts. 11.8.2 External M&E (1) Baseline Survey The external M&E agency will make baseline surveys to the villages, villager groups and resettlers to be impacted due to land requisition, so that the baseline information of production and livelihood of the resettlers to be monitored will become available. The surveys of the production and livelihood will be carried out semi-annually so as to follow up the changes in the production and livelihood. The methodology of the surveys will include case study (Percentage of Random Sampling: 5% of the impacted households due to land requisition, and 20% of the impacted households due to house demolishment), interview and field observation. The data collected will then be analyzed and the evaluation is made. Page 419 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 418 2Regular Monitoring and Evaluation During the RAP implementation, the external M&E agency will carry out regular follow-up monitoring (twice a year) by means of field observation, case study and interview. The monitoring activities will include: a) the release of compensation fund (including quantity);b) the preparation of the resettlement site, whether it is sufficient; c)the construction of residential houses; d) the resettlement of the impacted people; e) training; f) the support to the vulnerable groups; g) the rehabilitation and reconstruction of infrastructures and special structures; h) the arrangement and recovery of production; i) the compensation for the lost properties; j) the compensation for the lost time of work; k) the subsidy for the transitional period; l) the schedule of the above activities (applicable any time); m) the organizational network of resettlement institutions; n) the use of the compensation fund for collective land resources, and the income of the resettlers; o) the employment of the labor forces, and income generating; and p)whether the impacted people have benefited from the project? (3) Public Consultation The external M&E agency will attend the meetings of public consultation in the RAP implementation so as to evaluate the effectiveness of public consultation. (3) Receiving Complaints The external M&E agency will regularly visit the impacted villages and villager groups. It will also enquiry PMOs at all levels and the project resettlement offices that receive and deal with the complaints to understand the situation of complaints’ treatment. The agency will visit the complaining resettlers and put forward measures and suggestions for improvement to solve the existing problems, so as to ensure more effective RAP implementation. 11.9 Funding and Implementation of the RAPs Funds needed for the resettlement include shall be used to cover compensations and subsidies to the resettlers for their moving and losses of properties, subsidies to the vulnurable groups, RAP implementation fees and funds to support M&E of resettlement, etc. Totally 54.7459 million yuan is needed for the resettlement according to estimation, accouting for 4.25% of the total project investment and including 9.1839 million yuan for Turpan City, accounting for 16.78% of the total; 26.0776 million yuan for Shanshan County, accounting for 47.63% of the total; and 19.4844 million yuan for Tuokexun County, accounting for 35.59% of the total. The city and counties involving in the Project shall guarantee budgetary allocation of resettlement funds and avoid any shortage of resettlement funding in the process of realizing resettlement objectives. The schedule for resettlement implementation has been finished and defined as follows: For Meiyaogou reservoir: The process of dismantling and resettlement shall begin in the second half of 2009 and the buildings’ dismantling in the reservoir area will be finished by the end of 2009. For Alagou reservoir: The process of dismantling and resettlement shall begin in the second half of 2010 and the buildings’ dismantling in the reservoir area will be finished by the end of 2010. Page 420 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 419 For Ertanggou reservoir: The construciton of new houses and other buildings will begin in March 2010 and finished at the end of the same year; in June 2011 dismantling of the houses and auxiliary buildings in the reservoir inundation area will start and the people shall be resettled with relevant compensations paid. Page 421 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 420 12 Environmental Management Institution of Project Component 12.1 Environmental Management System 12.1.1 Environmental Management System In accordance with the definitions of management jurisdictions specified in the Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China and Regulations on the Administration of Construction Projects Environmental Protection, all reservoir related EIA papers of Turpan Water Conservation Project shall be approved by the Environmental Protection Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, while the EIA papers in relation with water-saving irrigation components and newly-built canals and rehabilitation of existing canals shall be approved by the Turpan Prefecture Environmental Protection Bureau. The water and soil conservation program reports shall be exmined and approaved by Xinjiang Water Resources Bureau. The environmental management institutions of the project will be the Xinjiang Environmental Protection Bureau, Xinjiang Water Resources Bureau, and the Environmental Protection Bureau and Water Resources Bureau of Turpan Prefecture. There responsibilite are raising environmental protection requirements based on the EIAs to be submitted, coordinating environmental management among various departments, and conducting final inspection and acceptance in a three-concurrence way upon environmental protection facilities. In view of the overall administrative institutional framework of the Project, PMOs at various levels will manage the implementation of the Project. Under the lead of governments of Turpan Prefecture and counties/cities concerned, with the collaboration of PMOs, the Project Owners (Turpan City Water Rsources, Shanshan County Water Resources Bureau and Tuokesun County Water Resources Bureau) will implement respective component of this Project. In order to ensure a smooth implementation of environmental management actions of this Project, PMOs, Project Owners, Contractors and Operators will assign a number of full-time or part-time environmental management personnel to carry out the environmental management program. The PMO of Turpan Prefecture will be in charge of the planning and design of this Project, supervision and management of environmental protection throughout the Project, organization of skill training for all personnel to be engaged in environmental management within Prefecture region; The PMOs and water resources bureaus at city/county levels will be mainly responsible for executing specific project implementation program, following various technical standards and carrying out routine monitoring on the environmental management; Entrusted by the Project Owners, the Environmental Monitoring Stations at city/county levels will be responsible for the monitoring over the project area during the construction and operation periods of the Project; Environmental supervision engineers and water ans soil conservation monitiring engineers authorized by the Project Owners will be responsible for the environmental and water and soil conservation supervision during the implementation period of the Project. The Project Owner is going to assign specific environmental management personnel to be in charge of environmental management during various stages of the Project; abiding by environmental protection laws and regulations and programs; inspecting finalization conditions of environmental protection measures; extending advanced technologies and good experience of environmental protection; organizing environmental technology training for project personnel to upgrade their personnel quality. Since there would be a certain of Page 422 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 421 differences with the contents of environmental management between construction period and operation period, one will be short-term, another will be long-term, in view of these, the Contractors and Operators will set up respective institutions when the Project entering into different periods so as to carry out their corresponding designated responsibilities thereupon. Through this way, once the construction period is finished, the corresponding management institution will be dismissed therewith, the management institution for the operation period will enter into force accordingly. Those institutions set up during different periods will be allowed to be functioning overlapped within a certain transition period. The institutional framework is shown in Fig. 12.1-1. Page 423 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 422 Fig. 12.1-1 Institutional Framework C o u n t y / c i t y e n v . M o n i t o r i n g S t a t i o n E n v . A s s e s s m e n t I n s t i t u t e D e s i g n I n s t i t u t e C o n s t r u c t i o n C o n t r a c t o r s E n v . S u p e r v i s i o n E n g i n e e r s C o u n t y / c i t y e n v . M o n i t o r i n g S t a t i o n O w n e r o r O p e r a t o r Autonomous Region Level Prefecture Level Project Owners Environmental Protection Bureau WB Turpan Prefecture Environm Protection B ureau T u r p a n C i t y E P B S h a n s h a n E P B T u o k e s u n E P B Turpan Prefecture WB Loan Project T u r p a n C i t y W R B S h a n s h a n C o u n t y W R B T u o k e s u n C o u n t y W R B County/city Level Enterprise Level Xinjiang Water Resources Bureau Turpan Prefecture Water Resources Bureau Page 424 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 423 Table 12.1-1 Compositions of Environmental Management System Nature Name Duties Turpan Prefecture PMO Project management institution Management institution Turpan Prefecture environmental management office Project environmental management institution WB Supervision and inspection over the implementation of EMP Supervision institution Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region EPB, Turpan prefecture EPB, EPBs of two counties and one city Governmental administrative supervision and management institution Implementation institution Contractor Implementation institution to finalize environmental protection measures during construction period Environmental experts group Assigned by project environmental management institution, implement environmental review, consulting and technical assistance Environmental supervision engineer Assigned by project environmental management institution, supervise and manage Contractors environmentally Project supervision engineer Establish a channel for transferring the correspondences between environmental supervision engineer and contractors Consulting institution Environmental Monitoring institution Assigned by project environmental management institution, carry out environmental monitoring Environmental Protection Supervision Plan of the Project Table 12.1-2 Period Institutions Monitoring Items Aims FS Environmental Protection Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Turpan Prefecture Environmental Protection Bureau WB Water Resources Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 1. review EIA paper (tables); 2. review EMP 3. review CEA 4. review FS report 5. review water and soil conservation scheme 1. ensure overall environmental assessment contents, proper selection of special topics and focuses outstanding; 2. ensure considerations and reflections of vital potential possible problems; 3. ensure specific workable implementation plan available for environmental impact mitigation measures. Initial design period and construc tion period Government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Environmental Protection Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Water Resources Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government of Turpan Prefecture Turpan Prefecture Environmental Protection Bureau Turpan Prefecture Cultural Relic Bureau 1. review initial design of environmental protection and EAP; 2. inspect reinstatement of temporarily occupied land, restoration of vegetation, environmental restoration; 3. inspect measures in terms of duct control, noise control and pollution control, determine construction time; 4. inspect emission of air pollutants; 5. inspect discharge and treatment of living sewage and waste engine oil; 6. restoration and treatment of borrow site and disposal site; 7. make sure if there is buried relic or not. 1. strictly carry out three-concurrence; 2.ensure those sites in conformity with environmental protection requirements; 3. reduce the impacts of construction on surrounding environment, abide by related environmental protection regulations and codes; 5. ensure water quality of inland rivers without pollution; 6. ensure sights and land resources without serious damages, avoid occurrence of land and soil erosion; 7. protect cultural relicts against damages. Operatio n period Turpan Prefecture Environmental Protection 1. inspect EMP implementation during operation period; 1. Finalize EMP and water and soil conservation scheme; Page 425 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 424 Bureau Environmental Protection Bureaus at county/city levels Water Resources Bureaus at county/city levels Public Security and Fire Fighting Departments at county/city levels 2. inspect implementation of environmental monitoring plan; 3.identify sensitive points in need of taking further environmental protection measures (for possible environmental problems beyond expectation); 4. inspect whether or not the environmental quality at sensitive points is satisfied with related quality standards; 5. inspect implementation of water and soil conservation scheme; 6. inspect implementation of water and soil erosion monitoring plan; 7. strength monitoring, prevent occurrence of emergencies, launch a contingency plan for major emergencies, and get rid of risks in case of emergencies. 2. Finalize water and soil erosion monitoring plan; 3. Protect environment actually; 4. enhance environmental management and protect public health actually. 12.1.2 Environmental Organization during Construction Period 12.1.2.1 Organization From technical perspective: Turpan Prefecture PMO will involve 3 experts in the environmental management. From PMO perspective: Prefecture PMO will assign one project environment management who will supervise the implementation of environmental management program and will be in charge of all Project environment-related issues. County/city PMOs will assign one project environment management respectively responsible for the implementation of environmental management program within respective command area and for the idea/experience exchanging with the Prefecture PMO. From Contractors perspective: Each Contractor will assign one or two environmental coordinators who will responsible for monitoring over the implementation of environmental protections measures, figuring out a solution to environmental problem arising from local residents and communication with PMOs and environmental monitoring institution. From Operators perspective: Each enterprise will set up an environmental management office. Such office will consist of two full-time environmental protection engineers. Enterprise’s staff members will assist those two engineers to do a good job of environmental management during project operation period. The enterprise will be equipped with internet facilities and telephones to maintain normal communication with environmental management and monitoring institutions. From environmental supervision and water and soil conservation supervision engineers perspective: Each Project Owner will employ one environmental supervision engineer and one water and soil conservation supervision engineer to field supervise environmental management during construction period. 12.1.2.2 Roles and Duties A Technical environmental experts Such experts will be the technical support for local PMOs. At the beginning 6 months of the Project, such experts will track the project implementation all along. During the Page 426 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 425 sequential 4 years of project implementation period, such experts will provide services periodically on a basis of two weeks per quarter. Such experts will make sure that all necessary conditions shall be available at the beginning of the Project so as to put environmental management rules into full and effective use in accordance with environmental laws and regulations as well as WB security and guard policies. Provide PMOs environmental managers, Contractors, Operators, environmental supervision engineers the necessary training. Provide PMOs, Project Owners, Contractors, Operators consulting services. Assist enterprise’s environmental management personnel to organize monitoring and measurement actions. B PMOs: environmental managers One environmental manager will be assigned in Prefecture PMO and PMOs of Turpan City, Shanshan County and Tuokesun County respectively. The environmental manager of Prefecture PMO will be a environmental management supervision expert responsible fore reporting to WB. The environmental managers of county/city PMOs will be responsible for supervision over the project in respective project area and reporting to Prefecture PMO. The environmental managers will also assist local land management institutions and resettlement institutions to make sure a smooth implementation of environmental management program without any obstacles as a result of land or resettlement issues. Environmental managers will have duties as follows: With the collaboration of assistants, provide environmental management managers the necessary training. With the collaboration of assistants, propose monitoring plan. Communicate with environmental management managers and construction workers in ways that: —Submit PMO and WB monthly the routing monitoring report; —Submit special inconsistent case report in the case of occurrence of No.2 and No.3; —Once a solution comes out, communicate with the personnel of construction contractor and operator orally to reach an agreed solution scheme; —In case of occurrence of inconsistence, propose counter measures together with environmental management engineers and environmental management managers. Take part in the meeting involving PMO environmental engineers, environmental management managers, construction contractors and operators. Page 427 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 426 Coordinate ideas exchanging and reporting between environmental management experts and WB. C Project Owners: environmental manager coordinators (EMC) Project Owners’ EMCs will be responsible for environmental monitoring and reporting to county/city PMOs and governments the finalization of environmental protection by construction contractors and operators. The specific duties of EMCs will be as follows: At the beginning of the project, with the help of technical assistant, draft environmental protection implementation rules for construction contractors and operators. Construction contractors and operators will monitor the implementation of such rules. Collect guideline for project management design personnel. Assign to other institutions the monitoring tasks in need of special equipment, for instance atmosphere quality and water environmental quality. Submit PMOs monthly monitoring report, implementation progress of project and feasibility study, and remedy measures. Report to PMO monthly the project monitoring progress and discuss project consistence. Select proper experts and consultants from universities and institutions who can teach training methodologies and provide technical consulting services, as the case may be. Carry out special topic study and public investigation with regard to special construction requirement or some changes deemed necessary according to the actual situation of the project. Report to PMO environmental manager and environmental monitoring institution the countermeasures of normal cases and contingency measures for emergencies. Make information public through meeting or local media. D Environmental supervision engineers Environmental supervision engineers will be in charge of construction activities and other related activities, including land requisition and resettlement, to make sure aforesaid activities in conformity with environmental protection requirement, environmental protection investment and environmental targets; in charge of field coordinating the relationship with land administration department, resettlement department and environmental monitoring and supervision department. The main duties of environmental and water and soil conservation supervision engineers will be as follows: Ensure all project permits, specifications and environmental management programs available before the commencement of the project. Page 428 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 427 Verify the personnel of construction contractors and operators finalizing environmental protection and water and soil conservation measures in accordance with contract agreements. Draft monthly criteria summary for construction contractors and operators based on monthly payment in accordance with their efforts and contributions to environmental protection activities. Collection of environmental monitoring documents. Identify the cases in need of specific topic study and special action. Exchange with EMC; take effective measures periodically. Exchange with construction personnel aiming at explaining them environmental requirements locally; give proper suggestions to remedy measures, and propose remedy measures in view of the items inconsistent with the project concept designed; release the special and formal guideline to the construction contractors and operators in accordance with related requirements. Exchange with construction contractors, operators and construction consultants to increase understanding to each other and know their options upon some special issues, such that a quick feedback can be given to construction management engineers in case of occurrence of some problems during construction; A construction suspension shall be made if a potential damage would apply to sensitive targets or the project existence is extremely inconsistent with project concerned environment. Exchange with project construction supervision engineers and construction workers; draft routine weekly monitoring report; record inconsistent cases if such cases come out, and propose remedy measures together with project designer if necessary. 12.1.3 Environmental Management Institution during Operation Period Project operators will establish specific environmental management office responsible for finalization of environmental management program during operation period. The specific duties of this environmental management office will be as follows: (1) implementation of environmental protection measures of management items; (2) coordination of environmental issues in relation with environmental monitoring administrative department and concerned with local residents; (3) entrust county/city monitoring stations to carry out routine monitoring over wastes/pollutants discharged by project facilities and regional environmental quality; (4) environmental risk contingency measures in case of an environmental accidence; (5) report to environmental protection bureaus and PMOs at Prefecture, city and county levels the enterprise’s environmental management information; Page 429 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 428 (6) recording, reorganization and archiving of enterprise’s environmental management files. 12.1.4 Environmental Management Institution in Project Components The environmental management institutions in project components are shown in Table 12.1- 2. Staffing of PMO Environmental Personnel Table 12.1-3 Institutions Environmental Manager Environmental Expert Tur pan Prefecture PMO 1 3 Turpan City PMO 1 1 Shanshan County 1 1 Tuokexun County PMO 1 1 Total 4 6 12.2 Implementation of EMP 12.2.1 Detailed Taks of EMP Implementation There will be negative impacts on environment both during construction period and operation period, environmental protection measures corresponding to different periods shall therefore be taken to minimize various impacts to a receivable extent. In order to guarantee an effective role of environmental measures, environmental management and monitoring processes will be brought out. WB PMO will track and report monitoring on the environmental measures besides its project management duty. Chapter 6 gives descriptions to general environmental measures and duties of related institutions. PMOs will track and report monitoring on the implementation of various measures. Summary of activities by environmental management institutions are shown in Table 12.2-1 Page 430 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 2 9 S u m m a r y o f A c t i v i t i e s b y E n v i r o n m e n t a l M a n a g e m e n t I n s t i t u t i o n s T a b l e 1 2 . 2 - 1 D u t i e s P l a n A c t i v i t i e s M a n a g e m e n t i n s t i t u t i o n I m p l e m e n t a t i o n i n s t i t u t i o n M o n i t o r i n g i n s t i t u t i o n R e m a r k s C o n s t r u c t i o n P r e p a r a t i o n O n e y e a r E s t a b l i s h e n v i r o n m e n t a l m a n a g e m e n t d e s i g n t e a m a n d d o s t a f f i n g . P M O O w n e r P M O S t a f f i n g , s e l e c t o f f i c e s , p r o c u r e v e h i c l e , r a i s e o p e r a t i n g f u n d O n e y e a r E a c h C S E s e l e c t s o r a s s i g n s o n e e n v i r o n m e n t a l s u p e r v i s i o n e n g i n e e r . C S E E M D C S E O n e y e a r E a c h C S E i m p l e m e n t s e n v i r o n m e n t a l s u p e r v i s i o n t r a i n i n g . C S E E M D C S E O n e y e a r P r e p a r e a n d i m p l e m e n t t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m t a r g e t i n g E M O a n d P M O e n v i r o n m e n t a l m a n a g e r s . P M O T A P M O C a r r y o u t s o m e i n t e r n a t i o n a l t r a i n i n g O n e y e a r P r e p a r e w o r k i n g p r o g r a m f o r E M O a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l s u p e r v i s i o n e n g i n e e r . P M O T A P M O V e r i f y p e r s o n n e l a n d r o l e s o f E M D a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l s u p e r v i s i o n e n g i n e e r O n e y e a r P r e p a r e w o r k i n g d o c u m e n t s : s t a n d a r d s , f i e l d i n s p e c t i o n t a b l e s , r e p o r t f o r m a t s o f v a r i o u s a c t i v i t i e s . P M O E M D P M O M a k e p r o p e r a d j u s t m e n t w i t h t h e d o c u m e n t s a n d d o f u r t h e r a d j u s t m e n t t o m e e t f i e l d r e q u i r e m e n t s O n e y e a r P r e p a r e d e t a i l e d s t e p s f o r E M D a g a i n s t i n c o n s i s t e n t i t e m s s h o t b y m o n i t o r i n g a n d r e p o r t . P M O T A P M O O n e y e a r P r o p o s e p r o p e r a s s e s s m e n t f o r e n v i r o n m e n t a l e l e m e n t s a n d a g r e e m e n t n e g o t i a t i o n . P M O T A h e l p s E M D P M O / W B O n e y e a r P r e p a r e a s s i g n m e n t c o n t r a c t f o r m o n i t o r i n g a c t i v i t y E M D ( m o n i t o r i n g i t e m s i n n e e d o f s p e c i a l e q u i p m e n t , f o r i n s t a n c e w a t e r q u a l i t y a n d a t m o s p h e r e ) . P M O E M D C o m p a n y M a k e s u r e c o n s i s t e n c e a m o n g i m p l e m e n t a t i o n , w o r k i n g p l a n a n d u t i l i z a t i o n o f l a n d C o n s t r u c t i o n P e r i o d F i v e y e a r s E n v i r o n m e n t a l s u p e r v i s i o n e n g i n e e r a n d E M D d i s c u s s t h e d o c u m e n t s a n d p r o c e s s w i t h r e g a r d t o p r o j e c t a d j u s t m e n t a n d i m p r o v e m e n t . E M D / e n v i r o n m e n t a l s u p e r v i s i o n e n g i n e e r P M O A d j u s t p r o c e s s p r o p e r l y t o i n c r e a s e e f f i c i e n c y F i v e y e a r s E a c h c o n t r a c t o r m u s t a s s i g n o n e f u l l - t i m e p e r s o n w i t h a d e d i c a t e d m i n d o f e n v i r o n m e n t a l r e s p o n s i b i l i t y , w h o w i l l w o r k t o g e t h e r w i t h e n v i r o n m e n t a l s u p e r v i s i o n e n g i n e e r a n d E M D . O w n e r a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t o r c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t o r P M O E n t e r p r i s e ’ s p e r m i t F i v e y e a r s E a c h c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t o r s h a l l o r g a n i z e h i s p e r s o n n e l s t u d y i n g g e n e r a l e n v i r o n m e n t a l k n o w l e d g e a n d r e l a t e d m e a s u r e s . O w n e r a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t o r c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t o r E M D / e n v i r o n m e n t a l s u p e r v i s i o n I n t r o d u c t i o n b y E M D o f f i e l d m a n a g e m e n t a n d p o s s i b l e e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o b l e m s F i v e y e a r s O r g a n i z e t h e p u b l i c t o d o i d e a s e x c h a n g i n g a n d p r o v i d e s u p p o r t i v e m a t e r i a l P M O E M D O w n e r C r e a t e e x c h a n g i n g r e g u l a t i o n s a n d p r o c e s s . B r o a r d c a s t i n g a n d T V c a n b e u s e d f o r t h i s p u r p o s e O p e r a t i o n P e r i o d V e r i f y t h e p r o c e s s o f r e p o r t i n g e n v i r o n m e n t a l i s s u e s d u r i n g o p e r a t i o n p e r i o d . O w n e r P r e f e c t u r e e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n b u r e a u Page 431 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 3 0 D u t i e s P l a n A c t i v i t i e s M a n a g e m e n t i n s t i t u t i o n I m p l e m e n t a t i o n i n s t i t u t i o n M o n i t o r i n g i n s t i t u t i o n R e m a r k s V e r i f y t h e s t a c k o f s o l i d w a s t e s a n d m a k e s u r e s a f e d i s p o s a l . O w n e r , E n v i r o n m e n t a l S a n i t a t i o n A d m i n i s t r a t i v e D e p a r t m e n t P r e f e c t u r e e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n b u r e a u Page 432 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 431 12.2.2 Contract Requirements on Environmental Management During project implementation period, Contractors will play an important role in environmental management, pollution control and mitigation measures, following requirements are proposed for Contractors: (1) select Contractors with adequate resources to ensure effective execution of environmental management program; (2) It is requested that Contractors and construction supervision engineers should receive the training on environmental protection and environmental management organized by TA; (3) During construction period, environmental impact mitigation measures shall be included in the Bids of Contractors, and will form a part of Construction Contracts as the Contract requirements on Project Contractors; (4) It is requested that Contractors should monitor their environment-related activities, and submit environmental performance logs daily or weekly. PMOs and construction monitoring groups will supervise and review those logs; (5) Contractors shall assign one full-time environmental person for each project component. Those full-time environmental personnel will receive necessary training according to the training plans so as to make them qualified with their jobs; (6) during construction period, Contractors shall communicate and discuss with local people, set up publication boards at each construction unit to get the people informed of detailed construction activities and time so as to facilitate the local people if they are going to appeal to construction activities or give some suggestions; (7) Contractors shall allocate a certain percent of Contract proceeds based on their annual budget as environmental management deposite. The environmental management deposite shall account to about 3% of the budget. 12.2.3 Information Exchange and Solutions to Inconsistencies It is required by the environmental monitoring that related information should be made public once a month to environmental supervision engineers in the field, enterprise ’s environmental management manager and PMOs in ways that environmental monitoring engineers draft monitoring report and delivery reports to environmental supervision engineers in the field, enterprise’s environmental management manager and PMOs’ principals. In order to focus efforts of environmental management on important issues, the natures of inconsistencies are classified into 3 levels as below: Level 1: This kind of inconsistencies is defined as the cases inconsistent with original requirements, which are believed to give no impact in the near future on vital resources. The neglect of recurrence of such inconsistencies will lead to the inconsistencies of level 2. Necessary measures are that: proper cooperation and routine communication can handle the inconsistencies of level 1 rightly. For instance, after timely discussions with construction contractors and operator personnel, remedy measures can be put forward. While, formal communication way is weekly routine report from environmental supervision engineer to environmental management manager and residential construction manager. Level 2: This kind of inconsistencies is defined as the cases not causing obvious losses with and irreversible impacts on sensible and vital resources yet. But those inconsistencies shall Page 433 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 432 be remedied and treated in the field to put an end to the aforesaid unfortunate losses or impacts. The neglect of recurrence of such inconsistencies will lead to the inconsistencies of level 3. Necessary measures are that: Once the occurrence of inconsistencies of level 2, such inconsistencies shall be report immediately on the same day by the enterprise ’s environmental management manager to PMO environmental manager and residential construction manager so as to reach remedy measure. Normally, remedy measures will be put forward within one week after occurrence of inconsistencies. Level 3: This kind of inconsistencies are defined as the cases causing damages to especially concerned sensitive targets or foreseeable damages coming in the near future. Special activities forbidden internationally are classified as level 3. Necessary measures are that: once such inconsistencies come out, environmental management manager shall report without any delay to PMO environmental manager and residential construction manager to reach a remedy measure. Normally, remedy measures will be put forward within three days after occurrence of inconsistencies, unless otherwise specified. If necessary, enterprise’s environmental management manager can request construction manager to suspend some special projects to protect resources before application of remedy measures. 12.2.4 Training —Necessary Capacity Building and Measures Building 12.2.4.1 Training Requirement Environmental capacity building will focus on environmental management personnel and environmental supervision engineers. Training on them will be a part of Project ’s TA. Training courses will be provided to construction contractors and workers during project implementation. Before project construction starts, all construction contractors and operators and construction supervision engineers will be required to take part in compulsive training in terms of environment, health and security. 12.2.4.2 Training Contents (1) environmental management personnel and environmental supervision engineers The training for them will be organized by Turpan Prefecture PMO. Before 1 year of launch of the Project, Turpan City will give training in a concentrated way to environmental managers of PMOs at county/city levels, environmental manager coordinator of project component, environmental supervision engineers as well as the personnel concerned. Specific training courses will be done by environmental experts. Detailed training contents are shown in Table 6.5-1. (2) Contractors and construction workers The training for them will be done on the site by the PMOs at county/city levels, project component Owners before project construction starts. Specific training courses can be done by environmental management experts or enterprise’s environmental mangers who already received training. Detailed training contents are shown in Table 6.5-2. Training for Environmental Managers, Environmental Supervision Engineers, Water Conservation Supervision Engineers Table 12.2-2 Topics Training Contents Day Page 434 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 433 Topics Training Contents Day Operation capacity (environmental managers, environmental supervision engineers and water conservation supervision engineers ) Quickly browse and identify hotkey functions of Word, Excel and PowerPoint; Learn WB security and guard policies; Enhance learning. For the environmental protection detailed rules prepared for construction contractors, after technical consultant prepares well environmental protection list, each list shall include monitoring instructions. Learn project environmental impacts and environmental items in need of monitoring. 4 days Inconsistence monitoring (environmental managers, environmental supervision engineers and water conservation supervision engineers ) The training on field monitoring process includes organization, exchanging, roles, duties, decision-making process, report and standard observation process. 1day Contingency team (environmental managers, environmental supervision engineers and water conservation supervision engineers ) General knowledge of dangerous material on site; Potential leakage and spill; Impacts of such leakage and spill on environment and human being; Contingency plan including priority; Location and utilization of contingency facilities; Facilities for communication and reporting. 1/2 day Emergency rescue and medical relief (environmental managers, environmental supervision engineers and water conservation supervision engineers ) Process for asking for medical relief in case of emergencies and non-emergencies, and process for asking for other related medical relief (toll telephone and medical consulting). 1/2 day Management of dangerous material and wastes, including treatment of explosive wastes and medical relief (environmental managers, environmental supervision engineers ) Correct utilization and storage; Correct utilization and storage include charging of fuel, calculation of charging quantity and maintaining effective utilization of equipment; Correct treatment of storage tank; Storage of dangerous wastes; Management of leased land and cut-over land; Management of non-dangerous wastes; Medical services for the ones exposing to dangerous wastes; Contingency plan. 1/2 day Health and safety inspection, application process (environmental managers, environmental supervision engineers and water conservation supervision engineers ) Issues of health and security; Requirements on health and security; How to implement health and security inspections; Report and find a solution. 1day Traffic security (environmental managers, environmental supervision engineers and water conservation supervision engineers ) Traffic rules; Safe driving training; Fuel charging; Contingency plan. 1/2 day Monitoring and analysis on water quality (environmental managers, environmental supervision engineers and water conservation supervision engineers ) Utilization of equipment includes standard, testing, methods, sample transfer, control of data quality, monitoring and reporting requirements. 1/2 day Page 435 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 434 Training for Construction Personnel Table 12.2-3 Topics Training Contents Duration General environmental knowledge necessary for construction workers Introduction of environmental impact factors and environmental protection measures; Introduction of particular sensitive region and sensitive issues within construction area and the region neighbouring construction area; Roles and duties of environmental management design engineers, environmental supervision engineer, and construction supervision engineer. Key points of report of environmental issues; Management of wastes in construction camp area and construction site; Measures of control of pollution in construction site; Cultural relic; Penalty for behaviours against rules, regulations and laws. Half-day learning at each construction site Normal health and security of construction workers Disease spread channels and protection methods, prevent HIV/AIDS and STD; Forbid alcohol and drug; Process for asking for medical relief in case of emergencies and non-emergencies, and process for asking for other related medical relief (STD inspection and medical consulting); General knowledge of health and security includes some basic processes, traffic security, safe use of electric power, blasting, fire disaster, dangerous wastes management; Personnel preventive equipment; Penalty for behaviours against rules, regulations and laws. Half-day learning at each construction site (3) Operators Training for Environmental Management Personnel Table 12.2-4 Targets Training Contents Duration WB project management procedure Archiving, public, exchanging and reporting mechanism of environmental information; Contingency plan for environmental risks; Health and security inspections and application process. 1 day of learning at Turpan Environmental management personnel Study tour for advanced workmanship and environmental management. Study tour for good municipal projects in China Environmental personnel Utilization of equipment includes standard, testing, methods, sample transfer, control of data quality, monitoring and reporting requirements; Contingency plan for environmental risks: potential leakage and spill, impacts of such leakage and spill on environment and human being, contingency plan including priority, location and utilization of contingency facilities. 2 days of learning at Turpan 12.2.4.3 Budget of Personnel Training The budget for project capacity building is shown in Table 12.2-5. Training Program for Environmental Protection Personnel of Project Components Table 12.2-5 \03 Period Categories Number (person) Time Cost (1000 Yuan) Environmental managers 4 Year 2009 80 Project manager coordinators 10 Before project implementation 100 Construction Environmental supervision engineer 13 Before operation 130 Page 436 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 435 Water and Soil Conservation Supervision Engineer 12 Before Operation 120 Sub-total 440 Environmental management personnel 3 Before functioning of enterprise 60 Personnel dealing with environmental risk emergencies 3 Before functioning of enterprise 30 Operation Sub-total 90 Total 400 12.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan 12.3.1 Objectives of Environmental Monitoring Environmental monitoring covers both construction period and operation period, aimed at obtaining in an overall and timely way the pollution, ecological protection and water/soil losses situation of proposed project; knowing the variation extent and incidence of environmental quality due to project development in the region where the project will be located; knowing dynamic situation of environmental quality during operation period. The related data can be feedback to the line responsible administrative department so as to provide scientific basis for project environmental management. 12.3.2 Environmental Monitoring Institutions Project Contractors or Operators will assign hydrological bureaus, environmental monitoring stations or water conservation monitoring centers at Prefecture or county/city where the project will be located to carry out environmental monitoring during construction period and operation period. Those intuitions assigned have past certifications, possessed complete equipment and rich technical resources, and can be capable of executing environmental monitoring. In view of environmental impact forecasting results, the sensitive points subject to pollution shall be included in monitoring points. Pollution situation shall be monitored in a follow-on way during construction period and operation period. Monitoring actions will give more efforts on noise, ambient environment and surface water environment which will impose heavier impacts on the environment. Monitoring elements will be determined based on project pollution characteristic elements. Monitoring analysis methodologies will be in accordance with Technical Specifications of Environmental Monitoring and Technical Specifications of Water and Soil Conservation Monitoring published by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People ’s Republic of China . The standards to be applied to the environmental assessment will adopt the national standards specified in the EIAs of each project component. Detailed key procedures necessary for and to be followed by effective monitoring over the construction sites and construction actions are summarized in Table 12.3-1. 12.3.3 Detailed Requirements on Environmental Monitoring Detailed environmental program and related budget for each project component are shown in Tables 12.3-2 through 12.3-13. Page 437 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 3 6 M o n i t o r i n g d u r i n g O p e r a t i o n P e r i o d a n d C o n s t r u c t i o n P e r i o d T a b l e 1 2 . 3 - 1 D u t i e s P l a n A c t i v i t i e s I m p l e m e n t a t i o n S u p e r v i s i o n F i n a n c i n g R e m a r k s c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d 1 s t y e a r ( 1 - 2 m o n t h s ) D r a f t e n v i r o n m e n t a l m a n a g e m e n t p r o g r a m s u i t a l b e f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e C o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t o r E M C / P I U / E P B O w n e r D r a f t s u c h p r o g r a m w i t h i n o n e m o n t h a f t e r a w a r d o f t h e C o n t r a c t a n d f i n i s h t h e p r o g r a m w i t h i n t w o m o n t h s a f t e r a w a r d o f t h e C o n t r a c t , s u b m i t t o E M C f o r r e v i e w a n d a p p r o v a l . c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d C o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t o r s a n d o p e r a t o r s s e t o u t c o n s t r u c t i o n b o u n d a r y f o r e a c h p r o j e c t a r e a , a n d o b t a i n a p p r o v a l . O w n e r E M C / P I U / E P B - C o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t o r s a n d o p e r a t o r s s h a l l p r e p a r e m a p s b e f o r e p r o j e c t c o n s t r u c t i o n s t a r t s . 1 s t y e a r ( 1 - 3 m o n t h s ) D r a f t p o l l u t i o n c o n t r o l p r o g r a m ( a i r p o l l u t i o n a n d n o i s e ) O w n e r E M C / P I U / E P B / W a t e r R e s o u r c e s B u r e a u o f X i n j i a n g U y g u r A u t o n o m o u s R e g i o n O w n e r A f t e r d i s c u s s i o n s w i t h r e l a t e d o r g a n i z a t i o n s a n d l o c a l r e s i d e n t s , E M C d o e s r e v i e w a n d a p p r o v a l . c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d M o n i t o r i n g o v e r a t m o s p h e r e , n o i s e a n d w a t e r S p e c i a l p a r t s c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d S u c h p o l l u t i o n c o n t r o l p r o g r a m s h a l l d e s c r i b e t h e f i n a l i z a t i o n o f a l l p o l l u t i o n c o n t r o l m e a s u r e s p r o p o s e d b y E M P . C o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t o r s a r e r e q u e s t e d t o c a r r y o u t a l l s u s p e n s i o n m e a s u r e s a n d d o i n s p e c t i o n s o v e r a l l c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e s a n d f a c i l i t i e s . C o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t o r E M C / P I U / E P B - C S E E . H a v e a l o o k a t c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e a n d f a c i l i t i e s e v e r y d a y , c a r r y o u t i n s p e c t i o n s E M C t w o m o n t h s c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d C o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t o r s s h a l l f i l l i n m o n t h l y r e p o r t s h e e t t o r e p o r t t h e i r e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n m e a s u r e s . C o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t o r E M C / P I U / E P B - P a y m e n t t o P I U / P M O i s s u b j e c t t o C S E ’ s s u g g e s t i o n s c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d I n v i e w o f t h e v a r i a t i o n s i n p r o c e s s e s a n d p o l l u t i o n l e v e l s c l a s s i f i e d , o b s e r v e t h o s e v a r i a t i o n s a n d r e p o r t i n c o n s i s t e n c i e s . C o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t o r E M C / P I U / E P B - L e v e l 1 : E M C ; l e v e l 2 : E M C a n d P I U L e v e l 3 : E M C , P I U , P M O c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d D e c i d e i f t h e p a y m e n t m a d e w i t h t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t o r s s h a l l b e d e l a y e d o r r e f u s e d . O w n e r E M C / P I U / E P B - c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d E n s u r e l a n d r e q u i s i t i o n s a t i s f i e d w i t h c o n s t r u c t i o n d e m a n d s O w n e r P O I U a n d r e s e t t l e m e n t b u r e a u c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d D a i l y , w e e k l y a n d m o n t h l y r e p o r t s C o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t o r E M C / P I U / E P B - W e e k l y f i e l d r e p o r t , S R S m o n t h l y r e p o r t c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d s e a s o n a l r e p o r t C o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t o r P I U - S u b j e c t t o t h e r e q u e s t s r a i s e d b y t h e r e l a t e d p r o j e c t i n s t i t u t i o n s c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d S e m i - y e a r r e p o r t C o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t o r E M C / P I U / E P B - S u b j e c t t o t h e r e q u e s t s r a i s e d b y t h e r e l a t e d p r o j e c t i n s t i t u t i o n s c o m p l e t e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d R e s t o r a t i o n o f t e m p o r a r i l y o c c u p i e d l a n d a n d d e m o b i l i z a t i o n o f a l l c o n s t r u c t i o n m a t e r i a l a n d e q u i p m e n t . C o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t o r E M C / P I U / E P B O w n e r o p e r a t i o n p e r i o d Page 438 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 3 7 D u t i e s P l a n A c t i v i t i e s I m p l e m e n t a t i o n S u p e r v i s i o n F i n a n c i n g R e m a r k s B e f o r e c o m p l e t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n , r e i n s t a t e t e m p o r a r i l y o c c u p i e d l a n d O w n e r E P B / W a t e r R e s o u r c e s B u r e a u o f X i n j i a n g U y g u r A u t o n o m o u s R e g i o n - S u m u p t h e e x p e r i e n c e o f t h i s p r o j e c t a n d a p p l y t o o t h e r s i m i l a r p r o j e c t s i n t h e f u t u r e E P B / W a t e r R e s o u r c e s B u r e a u o f X i n j i a n g U y g u r A u t o n o m o u s R e g i o n S t a n d a r d i z e p r o c e d u r e s T a k e p a r t i n t h e t r a i n i n g o r g a n i z e d b y r e l a t e d i n s t i t u t i o n s E x h i b i t p r o j e c t a c h i e v e m e n t s a n d b e n e f i t s Page 439 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 3 8 T a b l e 1 2 . 3 - 2 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g o v e r t h e M e i y a o g o u R e s e r v o i r C o n s t r u c t i o n P e r i o d Time Monitoring Targets M o n i t o r i n g P o i n t s M o n i t o r i n g I t e m s M o n i t o r i n g F r e q u e n c y U n i t P r i c e ( Y u a n / m o n i t o r i n g ) A n n u a l C o s t ( Y u a n / Y e a r ) C o s t p e r P e r i o d ( Y u a n ) T o t a l C o s t ( Y u a n ) M o n i t o r i n g I n s t i t u t i o n A p p l i c a b l e S t a n d a r d s a n d C o d e s W a t e r E n v i r o n m e n t Living Water for construction personnel W a t e r i n t a k e f o r l i v i n g a r e a f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l p H , D O , m i n e r a l i z a t i o n , c h l o r i d e , C O D M n , B O D 5 , S S , A m m o n i a N i t r o g e n , v o l a t i l e p h e n o l , W a t e r - s o l u b l e I o n i c I r o n , T o t a l M a n g a n e s e C o n t e n t , t o t a l c o p p e r c o n t e n t , t o t a l z i n c c o n t e n t , t o t a l p h o s p h o r c o n t e n t , f l u o r i d , t o t a l a r s e n i c c o n t e n t , t o t a l c a d m i u m c o n t e n t , h e x a v a l e n t c h r o m i u m , p e t r o l e u m g r o u p , f e c a l c o l i f o r m b a c t e r i a c o l o n y , e t c . 2 0 i t e m s t o t a l l y M o n i t o r i n g w i l l g o t h r o u g h w h o l e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d . S a m p l i n g w i l l b e d o n e i n r i c h w a t e r , n o r m a l w a t e r a n d d r y t o t a l l y t h r e e p e r i o d s . S a m p l i n g t w i c e i n e a c h p e r i o d a t a n i n t e r v a l o f 5 d a y s l e a s t . 1 2 4 5 3 7 3 5 . 0 0 6 8 4 7 . 5 0 Construction Period Waste water from aggregates batching system O n e m o n i t o r i n g p o i n t w i l l b e s e t a t t h e i n l e t a n d o u t l e t o f w a s t e w a t e r t r e a t m e n t f a c i l i t i e s r e s p e c t i v e l y p H , S S M o n i t o r i n g t w i c e p e r q u a r t e r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d 4 1 0 1 6 4 0 . 0 0 3 0 0 6 . 6 7 1 5 8 6 7 . 5 T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g S t a t i o n S u r f a c e W a t e r E n v i r o n m e n t a l Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d ( G B 3 8 3 8 - 2 0 0 2 ) T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s O f E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g Page 440 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 3 9 Waste water from machinery repairing system i n l e t a n d o u t l e t o f m a c h i n e r y r e p a i r i n g w a s t e w a t e r t r e a t m e n t s y s t e m S S , p e t r o l e u m g r o u p M o n i t o r i n g t w i c e p e r q u a r t e r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d 4 1 0 1 6 4 0 . 0 0 3 0 0 6 . 6 7 Domestic sewage I n l e t a n d o u t l e t o f d o m e s t i c s e w a g e t r e a t m e n t s y s t e m i n l i v i n g a r e a C O D c r , B O D 5 , f e c a l c o l i f o r m b a c t e r i a c o l o n y , t o t a l p h o s p h o r c o n t e n t , t o t a l n i t r o g e n c o n t e n t , a n i o n i c s u r f a c t a n t M o n i t o r i n g t w i c e p e r q u a r t e r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d 4 1 0 1 6 4 0 . 0 0 3 0 0 6 . 6 7 A m b i e n t a i r Air quality at construction concentrated area O n e m o n i t o r i n g p o i n t a t d a m c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a T S P M o n i t o r i n g o n c e p e r q u a r t e r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d , s a m p l i n g e v e r y d a y a t 0 9 : 0 0 , 1 4 : 0 0 , 1 9 0 0 r e s p e c t i v e l y 1 8 0 . 0 0 7 2 0 . 0 0 1 3 2 0 . 0 0 1 3 2 0 . 0 0 T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g S t a t i o n S u r f a c e W a t e r E n v i r o n m e n t a l Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d ( G B 3 8 3 8 - 2 0 0 2 ) T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g A c o u s t i c E n v i r o n m e n t O n e m o n i t o r i n g p o i n t a t d a m c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a ( e q u i v a l e n t n o i s e s i d e b a n d A ) L e q M o n i t o r i n g o n e d a y p e r q u a r t e r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d , s a m p l i n g a t 1 0 0 0 , 1 4 0 0 , 2 2 0 0 r e s p e c t i v e l y 1 4 0 . 0 0 5 6 0 . 0 0 1 0 2 6 . 6 7 Sensitive point O n e m o n i t o r i n g p o i n t a t M e i Y a o G o u V i l l a g e l o c a t e d a l o n g t h e a c c e s s r o a d ( e q u i v a l e n t n o i s e s i d e b a n d A ) L e q M o n i t o r i n g o n e d a y p e r q u a r t e r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d , s a m p l i n g a t 1 0 0 0 , 1 4 0 0 , 2 2 0 0 r e s p e c t i v e l y 1 4 0 . 0 0 1 6 8 0 . 0 0 3 0 8 0 . 0 0 4 1 0 6 . 6 7 T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g S t a t i o n A c o u s t i c E n v i r o n m e n t a l Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g ruc tio n Pe W a t e r a n d S o i l C o n s e r v a t i o n Page 441 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 4 0 M o n i t o r e d A r e a M o n i t o r i n g M e t h d o l o g i e s M o n i t o r i n g C o n t e n t s M o n i t o r i n g T i m e a n d F r e q u e n c y A n n u a l C o s t ( Y u a n / P e a r ) M o n i t o r i n g T i m e ( Y e a r ) C o s t p e r P e r i o d ( Y u a n ) T o t a l C o s t ( Y u a n ) M o n i t o r i n g i n s t i t u t i o n A p p l i c a b l e S t a n d a r d s a n d C o d e s p e n e t r a t i o n m e t h o d f o r s u r v e y i n g w i n d e r o s i o n ( p e n e t r a t i n g o n e s t e e l d r i l l ) W i n d - e r o s i o n a m o u n t o f d i s t u r b e d g r o u n d s u r f a c e 8 ~ 1 0 m o n i t o r i n g s p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d ; o n c e p e r m o n t h d u r i n g s t r o n g w i n d s e a s o n Main Civil Works Area S u r v e y a n d m o n i t o r i n g ( w h o l e a r e a ) r e s p o n s i b i l i t y c o m m a n d a r e a , m e a s u r e s a n d e f f e c t o f p r e v e n t i o n a n d t r e a t m e n t ; P l a n t p e r c e n t O n c e b e f o r e c o n s t r u c t i o n , o n c e p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d o n c e a f t e r c o m p l e t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n p e n e t r a t i o n m e t h o d f o r s u r v e y i n g w i n d e r o s i o n ( p e n e t r a t i n g o n e s t e e l d r i l l ) W i n d - e r o s i o n a m o u n t o f d i s t u r b e d g r o u n d s u r f a c e , w i n d - e r o s i o n a m o u n t o f o r i g i n a l l a n d f o r m 8 ~ 1 0 m o n i t o r i n g s p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d ; o n c e p e r m o n t h d u r i n g s t r o n g w i n d s e a s o n Quarry/borrow Area S u r v e y a n d m o n i t o r i n g ( w h o l e a r e a ) r e s p o n s i b i l i t y c o m m a n d a r e a , m e a s u r e s a n d e f f e c t o f p r e v e n t i o n a n d t r e a t m e n t ; q u a r r y / b o r r o w q u a n t i t y O n c e b e f o r e c o n s t r u c t i o n , o n c e p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d o n c e a f t e r c o m p l e t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n p e n e t r a t i o n m e t h o d f o r s u r v e y i n g w i n d e r o s i o n ( p e n e t r a t i n g o n e s t e e l d r i l l ) W i n d - e r o s i o n a m o u n t o f d i s t u r b e d g r o u n d s u r f a c e 8 ~ 1 0 m o n i t o r i n g s p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d ; o n c e p e r m o n t h d u r i n g s t r o n g w i n d s e a s o n Disposal Yard S u r v e y a n d m o n i t o r i n g ( w h o l e a r e a ) r e s p o n s i b i l i t y c o m m a n d a r e a , m e a s u r e s a n d e f f e c t o f p r e v e n t i o n a n d t r e a t m e n t ; O n c e b e f o r e c o n s t r u c t i o n , o n c e p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d o n c e a f t e r c o m p l e t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n 1 2 9 7 6 0 2 . 5 3 2 4 4 0 0 3 2 4 , 4 0 0 W i t h w a t e r a n d s o i l c o n s e r v a t i o n m o n i t o r i n g q u a l i f i c a t i o n c e r t i f i c a t e T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s o f W a t e r a n d S o i l C o n s e r v a t i o n M o n i t o r i n g ( S L 2 7 7 - 2 0 0 2 ) T o t a l C o s t o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g D u r i n g C o n s t r u c t i o n P e r i o d 3 4 5 , 7 0 0 — — — — Page 442 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 4 1 T a b l e 1 2 . 3 - 3 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g o v e r t h e M e i Y a o G o u R e s e r v o i r O p e r a t i o n P e r i o d Time M o n i t o r i n g T a r g e t s M o n i t o r i n g P o i n t s M o n i t o r i n g I t e m s M o n i t o r i n g F r e q u e n c y U n i t P r i c e ( Y u a n / m o n i t o r i n g ) A n n u a l C o s t ( Y u a n / Y e a r ) C o s t p e r P e r i o d ( Y u a n ) T o t a l C o s t ( Y u a n ) M o n i t o r i n g i n s t i t u t i o n A p p l i c a b l e S t a n d a r d s a n d C o d e s R e m a k r s W a t e r E n v i r o n m e n t R i v e r W a t e r Q u a l i t y p H , D O , C O D M n , B O D 5 , A m m o n i a N i t r o g e n , t o t a l p h o s p h o r c o n t e n t , t o t a l n i t r o g e n c o n t e n t , f l u o r i d , h e x a v a l e n t c h r o m i u m , s u l f a t e , c h l o r i d e , i r o n , H g , l e a d , f e c a l c o l i f o r m b a c t e r i a c o l o n y , e t c . S a m p l i n g w i l l b e d o n e i n r i c h w a t e r , n o r m a l w a t e r a n d d r y t o t a l l y t h r e e p e r i o d s e a c h y e a r . S a m p l i n g t w i c e i n e a c h p e r i o d a t a n i n t e r v a l o f 5 d a y s l e a s t . 9 0 0 2 7 0 0 8 1 0 0 H y d r o l o g i c a l o b s e r v a t i o n C r o s s s e c t i o n s c u t a t t h e e n d o f r e s e r v o i r b a c k w a t e r a n d r e s e r v o i r w a t e r s u p p l y c u l v e r t p i p e I n f l o w , o u t f l o w , w a t e r t e m p e r a t u r e 3 m o n i t o r i n g s p e r d a y . M o n i t o r i n g f r e q u e n c y c a n b e m o r e c l o s e d u r i n g f l o o d p e r i o d — 2 5 0 0 7 5 0 0 Operation Period Q u a l i t y o f d o m e s t i c s e w a g e f r o m p r o j e c t m a n a g e m e n t a r e a I n l e t a n d o u t l e t o f t r e a t m e n t s y s t e m f o r d o m e s t i c s e w a g e f r o m p r o j e c t m a n a g e m e n t a r e a C O D c r , B O D 5 , f e c a l c o l i f o r m b a c t e r i a c o l o n y , t o t a l p h o s p h o r c o n t e n t , t o t a l n i t r o g e n c o n t e n t , a n i o n i c s u r f a c t a n t O n c e p e r y e a r 4 1 0 4 1 0 1 2 3 0 1 6 8 3 0 T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g S t a t i o n S u r f a c e W a t e r E n v i r o n m e n t a l Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d ( G B 3 8 3 8 - 2 0 0 2 ) T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s O f E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g M o n i t o r i n g t i m e l i m i t f o r o p e r a t i o n p e r i o d : a f t e r p r o j e c t c o m p l e t i o n , m o n i t o r i n g s h a l l b e d o n e i n s u c c e s s i v e t h r e e y e a r s . \03 Page 443 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 4 2 \03 T a b l e 1 2 . 3 - 4 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g o v e r t h e E r T a n g G o u R e s e r v o i r C o n s t r u c t i o n P e r i o d Time Monitoring Targets M o n i t o r i n g P o i n t s M o n i t o r i n g I t e m s M o n i t o r i n g F r e q u e n c y U n i t P r i c e ( Y u a n / m o n i t o r i n g ) A n n u a l C o s t ( Y u a n / Y e a r ) C o s t p e r P e r i o d ( Y u a n ) T o t a l C o s t ( Y u a n ) Monitoring Institution A p p l i c a b l e S t a n d a r d s a n d C o d e s W a t e r E n v i r o n m e n t Living Water for construction personnel W a t e r i n t a k e f o r l i v i n g a r e a f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l p H , D O , m i n e r a l i z a t i o n , c h l o r i d e , C O D M n , B O D 5 , S S , A m m o n i a N i t r o g e n , v o l a t i l e p h e n o l , W a t e r - s o l u b l e I o n i c I r o n , T o t a l M a n g a n e s e C o n t e n t , t o t a l c o p p e r c o n t e n t , t o t a l z i n c c o n t e n t , t o t a l p h o s p h o r c o n t e n t , f l u o r i d , t o t a l a r s e n i c c o n t e n t , t o t a l c a d m i u m c o n t e n t , h e x a v a l e n t c h r o m i u m , p e t r o l e u m g r o u p , f e c a l c o l i f o r m b a c t e r i a c o l o n y , e t c . 2 0 i t e m s t o t a l l y M o n i t o r i n g w i l l g o t h r o u g h w h o l e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d . S a m p l i n g w i l l b e d o n e i n r i c h w a t e r , n o r m a l w a t e r a n d d r y t o t a l l y t h r e e p e r i o d s . S a m p l i n g t w i c e i n e a c h p e r i o d a t a n i n t e r v a l o f 5 d a y s l e a s t . 1 4 0 0 5 2 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 Waste water from aggregates batching system O n e m o n i t o r i n g p o i n t w i l l b e s e t a t t h e i n l e t a n d o u t l e t o f w a s t e w a t e r t r e a t m e n t f a c i l i t i e s r e s p e c t i v e l y p H S S M o n i t o r i n g t w i c e p e r q u a r t e r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d 5 2 0 2 0 8 0 5 2 0 0 Waste water from machinery repairing system i n l e t a n d o u t l e t o f m a c h i n e r y r e p a i r i n g w a s t e w a t e r t r e a t m e n t s y s t e m S S , p e t r o l e u m g r o u p M o n i t o r i n g t w i c e p e r q u a r t e r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d 5 2 0 2 0 8 0 5 2 0 0 Construction Period Domestic sewage I n l e t a n d o u t l e t o f d o m e s t i c s e w a g e t r e a t m e n t s y s t e m i n l i v i n g a r e a C O D c r , B O D 5 , f e c a l c o l i f o r m b a c t e r i a c o l o n y , t o t a l p h o s p h o r c o n t e n t , t o t a l n i t r o g e n c o n t e n t , a n i o n i c s u r f a c t a n t M o n i t o r i n g t w i c e p e r q u a r t e r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d 5 2 0 2 0 8 0 5 2 0 0 2 8 6 0 0 Turpan Prefecture Environmental Monitoring Station S u r f a c e W a t e r E n v i r o n m e n t a l Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d ( G B 3 8 3 8 - 2 0 0 2 ) T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s O f E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g Constructio n Period W a t e r a n d S o i l C o n s e r v a t i o n Page 444 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 4 3 M o n i t o r e d A r e a M o n i t o r i n g M e t h o d o l o g i e s M o n i t o r i n g C o n t e n t s M o n i t o r i n g T i m e a n d F r e q u e n c y A n n u a l C o s t ( Y u a n / P e a r ) M o n i t o r i n g T i m e ( Y e a r ) C o s t p e r P e r i o d ( Y u a n ) T o t a l C o s t ( Y u a n ) Monitoring institution A p p l i c a b l e S t a n d a r d s a n d C o d e s p e n e t r a t i o n m e t h o d f o r s u r v e y i n g w i n d e r o s i o n ( p e n e t r a t i n g o n e s t e e l d r i l l ) r e s p o n s i b i l i t y c o m m a n d a r e a , m e a s u r e s a n d e f f e c t o f p r e v e n t i o n a n d t r e a t m e n t 8 ~ 1 0 m o n i t o r i n g s p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d ; o n c e p e r m o n t h d u r i n g s t r o n g w i n d s e a s o n Complex structures S u r v e y a n d m o n i t o r i n g ( w h o l e a r e a ) r e s p o n s i b i l i t y c o m m a n d a r e a , m e a s u r e s a n d e f f e c t o f p r e v e n t i o n a n d t r e a t m e n t O n c e b e f o r e c o n s t r u c t i o n , o n c e p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d Complex works Management station S u r v e y a n d m o n i t o r i n g ( w h o l e a r e a ) r e s p o n s i b i l i t y c o m m a n d a r e a , m e a s u r e s a n d e f f e c t o f p r e v e n t i o n a n d t r e a t m e n t O n c e b e f o r e c o n s t r u c t i o n , o n c e p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d p e n e t r a t i o n m e t h o d f o r s u r v e y i n g w i n d e r o s i o n ( p e n e t r a t i n g o n e s t e e l d r i l l ) W i n d e r o s i o n a m o u n t o f d i s t u r b e d g r o u n d s u r f a c e 8 ~ 1 0 m o n i t o r i n g s p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d ; o n c e p e r m o n t h d u r i n g s t r o n g w i n d s e a s o n O n c e b e f o r e c o n s t r u c t i o n , o n c e p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d Access Road Permanent road S u r v e y a n d m o n i t o r i n g ( w h o l e a r e a ) r e s p o n s i b i l i t y c o m m a n d a r e a , m e a s u r e s a n d e f f e c t o f p r e v e n t i o n a n d t r e a t m e n t O n c e a f t e r p r o j e c t c o m p l e t i o n p e n e t r a t i o n m e t h o d f o r s u r v e y i n g w i n d e r o s i o n ( p e n e t r a t i n g o n e s t e e l d r i l l ) W i n d e r o s i o n a m o u n t o f d i s t u r b e d g r o u n d s u r f a c e , w i n d e r o s i o n a m o u n t o f o r i g i n a l l a n d f o r m 8 ~ 1 0 m o n i t o r i n g s p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d ; o n c e p e r m o n t h d u r i n g s t r o n g w i n d s e a s o n O n c e b e f o r e c o n s t r u c t i o n , o n c e p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d Quarry/borrow area C 1-2 sand and gravel quarry site slope S u r v e y a n d m o n i t o r i n g ( w h o l e a r e a ) r e s p o n s i b i l i t y c o m m a n d a r e a , m e a s u r e s a n d e f f e c t o f p r e v e n t i o n a n d t r e a t m e n t ; q u a r r y / b o r r o w q u a n t i t y O n c e a f t e r p r o j e c t c o m p l e t i o n p e n e t r a t i o n m e t h o d f o r s u r v e y i n g w i n d e r o s i o n ( p e n e t r a t i n g o n e s t e e l d r i l l ) W i n d e r o s i o n a m o u n t o f d i s t u r b e d g r o u n d s u r f a c e 8 ~ 1 0 m o n i t o r i n g s p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d ; o n c e p e r m o n t h d u r i n g s t r o n g w i n d s e a s o n C 3 concrete aggregates quarry site S u r v e y a n d m o n i t o r i n g ( w h o l e a r e a ) r e s p o n s i b i l i t y c o m m a n d a r e a , m e a s u r e s a n d e f f e c t o f p r e v e n t i o n a n d t r e a t m e n t ; q u a r r y / b o r r o w q u a n t i t y O n c e b e f o r e c o n s t r u c t i o n , o n c e p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d o n c e a f t e r p r o j e c t c o m p l e t i o n 2 2 6 1 0 0 3 6 7 8 3 0 0 6 7 8 3 0 0 With water and soil conservation monitoring qualification certificate T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s o f W a t e r a n d S o i l C o n s e r v a t i o n M o n i t o r i n g ( S L 2 7 7 - 2 0 0 2 ) Page 445 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 4 4 p e n e t r a t i o n m e t h o d f o r s u r v e y i n g w i n d e r o s i o n ( p e n e t r a t i n g o n e s t e e l d r i l l ) W i n d e r o s i o n a m o u n t o f d i s t u r b e d g r o u n d s u r f a c e 8 ~ 1 0 m o n i t o r i n g s p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d ; o n c e p e r m o n t h d u r i n g s t r o n g w i n d s e a s o n D i s p o s a l y a r d S u r v e y a n d m o n i t o r i n g ( w h o l e a r e a ) r e s p o n s i b i l i t y c o m m a n d a r e a , m e a s u r e s a n d e f f e c t o f p r e v e n t i o n a n d t r e a t m e n t ; t e m p o r a r y s t a c k i n g q u a n t i t y o n c e p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d p e n e t r a t i o n m e t h o d f o r s u r v e y i n g w i n d e r o s i o n ( p e n e t r a t i n g o n e s t e e l d r i l l ) W i n d - e r o s i o n a m o u n t o f d i s t u r b e d g r o u n d s u r f a c e 8 ~ 1 0 m o n i t o r i n g s p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d ; o n c e p e r m o n t h d u r i n g s t r o n g w i n d s e a s o n L i n e w o r k s S u r v e y a n d m o n i t o r i n g ( w h o l e a r e a ) r e s p o n s i b i l i t y c o m m a n d a r e a , m e a s u r e s a n d e f f e c t o f p r e v e n t i o n a n d t r e a t m e n t O n c e b e f o r e c o n s t r u c t i o n , o n c e p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d T o t a l C o s t o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g D u r i n g C o n s t r u c t i o n P e r i o d 7 0 6 , 9 0 0 — — — — N o t e : T h e c o s t o f r e s e r v o i r b o t t o m d r e d g i n g a n d s t u b b i n g i n a n a m o u n t o f 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 Y u a n i s i n c l u d e d i n t h e c o m p e n s a t i o n f o r r e s e r v o i r l a n d r e q u i s i t i o n a n d r e s e t t l e m e n t a n d n o t l i s t i n t h e t o t a l c o s t o f E M P a g a i n . Page 446 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 4 5 T a b l e 1 2 . 3 - 5 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g o v e r t h e E r T a n g G o u R e s e r v o i r O p e r a t i o n P e r i o d \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 T i m e M o n i t o r i n g T a r g e t s M o n i t o r i n g P o i n t s M o n i t o r i n g I t e m s M o n i t o r i n g F r e q u e n c y U n i t P r i c e ( Y u a n / m o n i t o r i n g ) A n n u a l C o s t ( Y u a n / Y e a r ) C o s t p e r P e r i o d ( Y u a n ) T o t a l C o s t ( Y u a n ) M o n i t o r i n g i n s t i t u t i o n A p p l i c a b l e S t a n d a r d s a n d C o d e s R i v e r w a t e r q u a l i t y p H , D O , C O D M n , B O D 5 , A m m o n i a N i t r o g e n , t o t a l p h o s p h o r c o n t e n t , t o t a l n i t r o g e n c o n t e n t , f l u o r i d , h e x a v a l e n t c h r o m i u m , s u l f a t e , c h l o r i d e , i r o n , H g , l e a d , f e c a l c o l i f o r m b a c t e r i a c o l o n y , e t c . S a m p l i n g w i l l b e d o n e i n r i c h w a t e r , n o r m a l w a t e r a n d d r y t o t a l l y t h r e e p e r i o d s e a c h y e a r . S a m p l i n g t w i c e i n e a c h p e r i o d a t a n i n t e r v a l o f 5 d a y s l e a s t . 9 0 0 2 7 0 0 8 1 0 0 H y d r o l o g i c a l o b s e r v a t i o n C r o s s s e c t i o n s c u t a t t h e e n d o f r e s e r v o i r b a c k w a t e r a n d r e s e r v o i r w a t e r s u p p l y c u l v e r t p i p e I n f l o w , o u t f l o w , w a t e r t e m p e r a t u r e 3 m o n i t o r i n g s p e r d a y . M o n i t o r i n g f r e q u e n c y c a n b e m o r e c l o s e d u r i n g f l o o d p e r i o d — 2 5 0 0 7 5 0 0 Operation Period Q u a l i t y o f d o m e s t i c s e w a g e f r o m p r o j e c t m a n a g e m e n t a r e a I n l e t a n d o u t l e t o f t r e a t m e n t s y s t e m f o r d o m e s t i c s e w a g e f r o m p r o j e c t m a n a g e m e n t a r e a C O D c r , B O D 5 , f e c a l c o l i f o r m b a c t e r i a c o l o n y , t o t a l p h o s p h o r c o n t e n t , t o t a l n i t r o g e n c o n t e n t , a n i o n i c s u r f a c t a n t a f t e r p r o j e c t c o m p l e t i o n , m o n i t o r i n g s h a l l b e d o n e i n s u c c e s s i v e t h r e e y e a r s . O n c e p e r y e a r . 4 1 0 4 1 0 1 2 3 0 1 6 8 3 0 T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g S t a t i o n S u r f a c e W a t e r E n v i r o n m e n t a l Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d ( G B 3 8 3 8 - 2 0 0 2 ) T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g \03 Page 447 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 4 6 T a b l e 1 2 . 3 - 6 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g o v e r t h e A ’ L a G o u R e s e r v o i r C o n s t r u c t i o n P e r i o d \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 Time Monitoring Targets M o n i t o r i n g P o i n t s M o n i t o r i n g I t e m s M o n i t o r i n g F r e q u e n c y U n i t P r i c e ( Y u a n / m o n i t o r i n g ) A n n u a l C o s t ( Y u a n / Y e a r ) C o s t p e r P e r i o d ( Y u a n ) T o t a l C o s t ( Y u a n ) M o n i t o r i n g I n s t i t u t i o n A p p l i c a b l e S t a n d a r d s a n d C o d e s W a t e r E n v i r o n m e n t a l Living water for construction personnel W a t e r i n t a k e f o r l i v i n g a r e a f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o o n e l p H , D O , m i n e r a l i z a t i o n , c h l o r i d e , C O D M n , B O D 5 , S S , A m m o n i a N i t r o g e n , v o l a t i l e p h e n o l , W a t e r - s o l u b l e I o n i c I r o n , T o t a l M a n g a n e s e C o n t e n t , t o t a l c o p p e r c o n t e n t , t o t a l z i n c c o n t e n t , t o t a l p h o s p h o r c o n t e n t , f l u o r i d , t o t a l a r s e n i c c o n t e n t , t o t a l c a d m i u m c o n t e n t , h e x a v a l e n t c h r o m i u m , p e t r o l e u m g r o u p , f e c a l c o l i f o r m b a c t e r i a c o l o n y , e t c . 2 0 i t e m s t o t a l l y M o n i t o r i n g w i l l g o t h r o u g h w h o l e c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d . S a m p l i n g w i l l b e d o n e i n r i c h w a t e r , n o r m a l w a t e r a n d d r y t o t a l l y t h r e e p e r i o d s . S a m p l i n g t w i c e i n e a c h p e r i o d a t a n i n t e r v a l o f 5 d a y s l e a s t . 1 3 5 0 4 0 5 0 1 6 2 0 0 Waste water from aggregates batching system O n e m o n i t o r i n g p o i n t w i l l b e s e t a t t h e i n l e t a n d o u t l e t o f w a s t e w a t e r t r e a t m e n t f a c i l i t i e s r e s p e c t i v e l y p H , S S M o n i t o r i n g t w i c e p e r q u a r t e r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d 4 6 0 1 8 4 0 7 3 6 0 Waste water from machinery repairing system i n l e t a n d o u t l e t o f m a c h i n e r y r e p a i r i n g w a s t e w a t e r t r e a t m e n t s y s t e m S S , p e t r o l e u m g r o u p M o n i t o r i n g t w i c e p e r q u a r t e r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d 4 6 0 1 8 4 0 7 3 6 0 Domestic sewage I n l e t a n d o u t l e t o f d o m e s t i c s e w a g e t r e a t m e n t s y s t e m i n l i v i n g a r e a C O D c r , B O D 5 , f e c a l c o l i f o r m b a c t e r i a c o l o n y , t o t a l p h o s p h o r c o n t e n t , t o t a l n i t r o g e n c o n t e n t , a n i o n i c s u r f a c t a n t M o n i t o r i n g t w i c e p e r q u a r t e r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d 4 6 0 1 8 4 0 7 3 6 0 3 8 2 8 0 T u r p a n P r e f e c t u r e E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g S t a t i o n S u r f a c e W a t e r E n v i r o n m e n t a l Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d ( G B 3 8 3 8 - 2 0 0 2 ) T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s O f E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g Page 448 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 4 7 W a t e r a n d S o i l C o n s e r v a t i o n M o n i t o r e d A r e a M o n i t o r i n g M e t h o d o l o g i e s M o n i t o r i n g C o n t e n t s M o n i t o r i n g T i m e a n d F r e q u e n c y A n n u a l C o s t ( Y u a n / P e a r ) M o n i t o r i n g T i m e ( Y e a r ) C o s t p e r P e r i o d ( Y u a n ) T o t a l C o s t ( Y u a n ) M o n i t o r i n g i n s t i t u t i o n A p p l i c a b l e S t a n d a r d s a n d C o d e s p e n e t r a t i o n m e t h o d f o r s u r v e y i n g w i n d e r o s i o n ( p e n e t r a t i n g o n e s t e e l d r i l l ) W i n d e r o s i o n a m o u n t o f d i s t u r b e d g r o u n d s u r f a c e 8 ~ 1 0 m o n i t o r i n g s p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d ; o n c e p e r m o n t h d u r i n g s t r o n g w i n d s e a s o n Management station S u r v e y a n d m o n i t o r i n g ( w h o l e a r e a ) r e s p o n s i b i l i t y c o m m a n d a r e a , m e a s u r e s a n d e f f e c t o f p r e v e n t i o n a n d t r e a t m e n t O n c e b e f o r e c o n s t r u c t i o n , o n c e p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d p e n e t r a t i o n m e t h o d f o r s u r v e y i n g w i n d e r o s i o n ( p e n e t r a t i n g o n e s t e e l d r i l l ) W i n d e r o s i o n a m o u n t o f d i s t u r b e d g r o u n d s u r f a c e 8 ~ 1 0 m o n i t o r i n g s p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d ; o n c e p e r m o n t h d u r i n g s t r o n g w i n d s e a s o n M a i n c i v i l w o r k s a r e a A c c e s s r o a d t o r e s e r v o i r S u r v e y a n d m o n i t o r i n g ( w h o l e a r e a ) r e s p o n s i b i l i t y c o m m a n d a r e a , m e a s u r e s a n d e f f e c t o f p r e v e n t i o n a n d t r e a t m e n t O n c e b e f o r e c o n s t r u c t i o n , o n c e p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d o n c e a f t e r p r o j e c t c o m p l e t i o n Q u a r r y / b o r r w s i t e s Y u ’ E r G o u s a n d a n d g r a v e l q u a r r y s i t e s l o p e p e n e t r a t i o n m e t h o d f o r s u r v e y i n g w i n d e r o s i o n ( p e n e t r a t i n g t w o s t e e l d r i l l s ) W i n d e r o s i o n a m o u n t o f d i s t u r b e d g r o u n d s u r f a c e , w i n d e r o s i o n a m o u n t o f o r i g i n a l l a n d f o r m 8 ~ 1 0 m o n i t o r i n g s p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d ; o n c e p e r m o n t h d u r i n g s t r o n g w i n d s e a s o n 1 3 8 , 1 3 3 . 3 3 4 . 5 6 2 1 6 0 0 6 2 1 , 6 0 0 W i t h w a t e r a n d s o i l c o n s e r v a t i o n m o n i t o r i n g q u a l i f i c a t i o n c e r t i f i c a t e T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s o f W a t e r a n d S o i l C o n s e r v a t i o n M o n i t o r i n g ( S L 2 7 7 - 2 0 0 2 ) Page 449 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 4 8 S u r v e y a n d m o n i t o r i n g ( w h o l e a r e a ) r e s p o n s i b i l i t y c o m m a n d a r e a , m e a s u r e s a n d e f f e c t o f p r e v e n t i o n a n d t r e a t m e n t ; q u a r r y / b o r r o w q u a n t i t y O n c e b e f o r e c o n s t r u c t i o n , o n c e p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d o n c e a f t e r p r o j e c t c o m p l e t i o n p e n e t r a t i o n m e t h o d f o r s u r v e y i n g w i n d e r o s i o n ( p e n e t r a t i n g o n e s t e e l d r i l l ) W i n d e r o s i o n a m o u n t o f d i s t u r b e d g r o u n d s u r f a c e 8 ~ 1 0 m o n i t o r i n g s p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d ; o n c e p e r m o n t h d u r i n g s t r o n g w i n d s e a s o n s a n d a n d g r a v e l q u a r r y s i t e a t d o w n s t r e a m r i v e r b e d / r i v e r b e a c h S u r v e y a n d m o n i t o r i n g ( w h o l e a r e a ) r e s p o n s i b i l i t y c o m m a n d a r e a , m e a s u r e s a n d e f f e c t o f p r e v e n t i o n a n d t r e a t m e n t ; q u a r r y / b o r r o w q u a n t i t y O n c e b e f o r e c o n s t r u c t i o n , o n c e p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d o n c e a f t e r p r o j e c t c o m p l e t i o n p e n e t r a t i o n m e t h o d f o r s u r v e y i n g w i n d e r o s i o n ( p e n e t r a t i n g o n e s t e e l d r i l l ) W i n d e r o s i o n a m o u n t o f d i s t u r b e d g r o u n d s u r f a c e 8 ~ 1 0 m o n i t o r i n g s p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d ; o n c e p e r m o n t h d u r i n g s t r o n g w i n d s e a s o n S t a c k i n g y a r d S u r v e y a n d m o n i t o r i n g ( w h o l e a r e a ) r e s p o n s i b i l i t y c o m m a n d a r e a , m e a s u r e s a n d e f f e c t o f p r e v e n t i o n a n d t r e a t m e n t ; t e m p o r a r y s t a c k i n g q u a n t i t y O n c e p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d C o n s t r u c t i o n t e m p o r a r y r o a d p e n e t r a t i o n m e t h o d f o r s u r v e y i n g w i n d e r o s i o n ( p e n e t r a t i n g o n e s t e e l d r i l l ) W i n d e r o s i o n a m o u n t o f d i s t u r b e d g r o u n d s u r f a c e 8 ~ 1 0 m o n i t o r i n g s p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d ; o n c e p e r m o n t h d u r i n g s t r o n g w i n d s e a s o n Page 450 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 4 9 S u r v e y a n d m o n i t o r i n g ( w h o l e a r e a ) r e s p o n s i b i l i t y c o m m a n d a r e a , m e a s u r e s a n d e f f e c t o f p r e v e n t i o n a n d t r e a t m e n t O n c e b e f o r e c o n s t r u c t i o n , o n c e p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d o n c e a f t e r p r o j e c t c o m p l e t i o n p e n e t r a t i o n m e t h o d f o r s u r v e y i n g w i n d e r o s i o n ( p e n e t r a t i n g t w o s t e e l d r i l l s ) W i n d e r o s i o n a m o u n t o f d i s t u r b e d g r o u n d s u r f a c e , w i n d e r o s i o n a m o u n t o f o r i g i n a l l a n d f o r m 8 ~ 1 0 m o n i t o r i n g s p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d ; o n c e p e r m o n t h d u r i n g s t r o n g w i n d s e a s o n L i v i n g a r e a f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r s o n n e l S u r v e y a n d m o n i t o r i n g ( w h o l e a r e a ) r e s p o n s i b i l i t y c o m m a n d a r e a , m e a s u r e s a n d e f f e c t o f p r e v e n t i o n a n d t r e a t m e n t O n c e b e f o r e c o n s t r u c t i o n , o n c e p e r y e a r d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d o n c e a f t e r p r o j e c t c o m p l e t i o n T o t a l C o s t o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g D u r i n g C o n s t r u c t i o n P e r i o d 6 5 9 , 9 0 0 — — — — N o t e : A ’ L a G o u r e s e r v o i r p r o j e c t i s d e s i g n e d t o h a v e a c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d o f 4 8 m o n t h s . Page 451 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 5 0 \03 T a b l e 1 2 . 3 - 7 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g o v e r t h e A ’ L a G o u R e s e r v o i r P r o j e c t D u r i n g O p e r a t i o n P e r i o d \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 Time M o n i t o r i n g T a r g e t s M o n i t o r i n g P o i n t s M o n i t o r i n g I t e m s M o n i t o r i n g F r e q u e n c y U n i t P r i c e ( Y u a n / m o n i t o r i n g ) A n n u a l C o s t ( Y u a n / Y e a r ) C o s t p e r P e r i o d ( Y u a n ) T o t a l C o s t ( Y u a n ) Monitoring institution A p p l i c a b l e S t a n d a r d s a n d C o d e s Remakrs W a t e r E n v i r o n m e n t a l R i v e r w a t e r q u a l i t y p H , D O , C O D M n , B O D 5 , A m m o n i a N i t r o g e n , t o t a l p h o s p h o r c o n t e n t , t o t a l n i t r o g e n c o n t e n t , f l u o r i d , h e x a v a l e n t c h r o m i u m , s u l f a t e , c h l o r i d e , i r o n , H g , l e a d , f e c a l c o l i f o r m b a c t e r i a c o l o n y , e t c . S a m p l i n g w i l l b e d o n e i n r i c h w a t e r , n o r m a l w a t e r a n d d r y t o t a l l y t h r e e p e r i o d s e a c h y e a r . S a m p l i n g t w i c e i n e a c h p e r i o d a t a n i n t e r v a l o f 5 d a y s l e a s t . 9 0 0 2 7 0 0 8 1 0 0 H y d r o l o g i c a l o b s e r v a t i o n C r o s s s e c t i o n s c u t a t t h e e n d o f r e s e r v o i r b a c k w a t e r a n d r e s e r v o i r w a t e r s u p p l y c u l v e r t p i p e I n f l o w , o u t f l o w , w a t e r t e m p e r a t u r e 3 m o n i t o r i n g s p e r d a y . M o n i t o r i n g f r e q u e n c y c a n b e m o r e c l o s e d u r i n g f l o o d p e r i o d — 2 5 0 0 7 5 0 0 Q u a l i t y o f d o m e s t i c s e w a g e f r o m p r o j e c t m a n a g e m e n t a r e a I n l e t a n d o u t l e t o f t r e a t m e n t s y s t e m f o r d o m e s t i c s e w a g e f r o m p r o j e c t m a n a g e m e n t a r e a C O D c r , B O D 5 , f e c a l c o l i f o r m b a c t e r i a c o l o n y , t o t a l p h o s p h o r c o n t e n t , t o t a l n i t r o g e n c o n t e n t , a n i o n i c s u r f a c t a n t O n c e p e r y e a r 4 1 0 4 1 0 1 2 3 0 1 6 8 3 0 Turpan Prefecture Environmental Monitoring Station S u r f a c e W a t e r E n v i r o n m e n t a l Q u a l i t y S t a n d a r d ( G B 3 8 3 8 - 2 0 0 2 ) T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n F o r E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g Monitoring time limit for operation period: after project completion, monitoring shall be done in successive three years. \03 \03 \03 Page 452 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 5 1 T a b l e 1 2 . 3 - 8 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 T u r p a n C i t y W a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n p r o j e c t T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r W a t e r / S o i l C o n s e r v a t i o n M o n i t o r i n g \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 P r o j e c t N a m e M o n i t o r i n g A r e a M o n i t o r i n g M e t h o d o l o g i e s M o n i t o r i n g I t e m s M o n i t o r i n g T i m e a n d F r e q u e n c y A n n u a l C o s t ( Y u a n ) M o n i t o r i n g P e r i o d ( Y e a r ) C o s t P e r P e r i o d ( Y u a n ) T o t a l C o s t ( Y u a n ) Monitoring institution A p p l i c a b l e S t a n d a r d s a n d C o d e s F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n C u r r e n t l a n d f o r m , t o p o g r a p h y , v e g e t a t i o n s t a t u s O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n D i s t u r b e d l a n d f o r m , s c o p e a n d e x t e n t o f d e s t r o y e d v e g e t a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h P o s i t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n W a t e r / s o i l e r o s i o n a m o u n t O n c e a m o n t h , a d d i t i o n a l o n e a f t e r s t r o n g w i n d O n - f a r m p i p e l i n e a r e a R e f e r e n c e l a n d u n i t m e t h o d G r o w i n g s t a t u s o f p l a n t w i t h i n t r e a t e d r e g i o n O n c e i n M a y a n d S e p t e m b e r r e s p e c t i v e l y e v e r y y e a r F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n C u r r e n t l a n d f o r m , t o p o g r a p h y , v e g e t a t i o n s t a t u s O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n D i s t u r b e d l a n d f o r m , s c o p e a n d e x t e n t o f d e s t r o y e d v e g e t a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h p o s i t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n W a t e r / s o i l e r o s i o n a m o u n t O n c e a m o n t h , a d d i t i o n a l o n e a f t e r s t r o n g w i n d P r o j e c t a r e a b e y o n d f a r m l a n d R e f e r e n c e l a n d u n i t m e t h o d G r o w i n g s t a t u s o f p l a n t w i t h i n t r e a t e d r e g i o n O n c e i n M a y a n d S e p t e m b e r r e s p e c t i v e l y e v e r y y e a r F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n C u r r e n t l a n d f o r m , t o p o g r a p h y , v e g e t a t i o n s t a t u s O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n D i s t u r b e d l a n d f o r m , s c o p e a n d e x t e n t o f d e s t r o y e d v e g e t a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h p o s i t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n W a t e r / s o i l e r o s i o n a m o u n t O n c e a m o n t h , a d d i t i o n a l o n e a f t e r s t r o n g w i n d C o n s t r u c t i o n r o a d a r e a R e f e r e n c e l a n d u n i t m e t h o d G r o w i n g s t a t u s o f p l a n t w i t h i n t r e a t e d r e g i o n O n c e i n M a y a n d S e p t e m b e r r e s p e c t i v e l y e v e r y y e a r T u r p a n C i t y W a t e r - s a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n P r o j e c t D i s p o s a l y a r d F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n C u r r e n t l a n d f o r m , t o p o g r a p h y , v e g e t a t i o n s t a t u s O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n 8 5 0 5 0 2 1 7 0 1 0 0 1 7 0 1 0 0 With water and soil conservation monitoring qualification certificate Technical Specifications of Water and Soil Conservation Monitoring (SL277-2002) Page 453 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 5 2 F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n D i s t u r b e d l a n d f o r m , s c o p e a n d e x t e n t o f d e s t r o y e d v e g e t a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h p o s i t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n W a t e r / s o i l e r o s i o n a m o u n t O n c e a m o n t h , a d d i t i o n a l o n e a f t e r s t r o n g w i n d T a b l e 1 2 . 3 - 9 172.5 114.0 8.5 4.3 90 : \03 172.5 118.3 8.5 4.3 90 : \03 172.5 122.5 8.5 4.3 90 : \03 172.5 126.8 8.5 4.3 90 : \03 172.5 131.1 8.5 4.3 90 : \03 S h a n s h a n C o u n t y W a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n p r o j e c t T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r W a t e r / S o i l C o n s e r v a t i o n M o n i t o r i n g P r o j e c t N a m e M o n i t o r i n g A r e a M o n i t o r i n g M e t h o d o l o g i e s M o n i t o r i n g I t e m s M o n i t o r i n g T i m e a n d F r e q u e n c y A n n u a l C o s t ( Y u a n ) M o n i t o r i n g P e r i o d ( Y e a r ) C o s t P e r P e r i o d ( Y u a n ) T o t a l C o s t ( Y u a n ) M o n i t o r i n g i n s t i t u t i o n A p p l i c a b l e S t a n d a r d s a n d C o d e s F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n C u r r e n t l a n d f o r m , t o p o g r a p h y , v e g e t a t i o n s t a t u s O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n D i s t u r b e d l a n d f o r m , s c o p e a n d e x t e n t o f d e s t r o y e d v e g e t a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d Pipeline area p o s i t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n W a t e r / s o i l e r o s i o n a m o u n t O n c e a m o n t h d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d n a t u r a l r e c o v e r y p e r i o d r e s p e c t i v e l y , a d d i t i o n a l o n e a f t e r s t r o n g w i n d F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n C u r r e n t l a n d f o r m , t o p o g r a p h y , v e g e t a t i o n s t a t u s O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n D i s t u r b e d l a n d f o r m , s c o p e a n d e x t e n t o f d e s t r o y e d v e g e t a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d Temporary construction and living area p o s i t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n W a t e r / s o i l e r o s i o n a m o u n t O n c e a m o n t h d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d n a t u r a l r e c o v e r y p e r i o d r e s p e c t i v e l y , a d d i t i o n a l o n e a f t e r s t r o n g w i n d F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n C u r r e n t l a n d f o r m , t o p o g r a p h y , v e g e t a t i o n s t a t u s O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n S h a n s h a n C o u n t y W a t e r - s a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n P r o j e c t Construction road area F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n D i s t u r b e d l a n d f o r m , s c o p e a n d e x t e n t o f d e s t r o y e d v e g e t a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d 1 2 2 9 0 0 2 2 4 5 8 0 0 2 4 5 8 0 0 W i t h w a t e r a n d s o i l c o n s e r v a t i o n m o n i t o r i n g q u a l i f i c a t i o n c e r t i f i c a t e Technical Specifications of Water and Soil Conservation Monitoring (SL277-2002) Page 454 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 5 3 p o s i t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n W a t e r / s o i l e r o s i o n a m o u n t O n c e a m o n t h d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d n a t u r a l r e c o v e r y p e r i o d r e s p e c t i v e l y , a d d i t i o n a l o n e a f t e r s t r o n g w i n d T a b l e 1 2 . 3 - 1 0 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 T u o k e s u n C o u n t y W a t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n p r o j e c t T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r W a t e r / S o i l C o n s e r v a t i o n M o n i t o r i n g P r o j e c t N a m e M o n i t o r i n g A r e a M o n i t o r i n g M e t h o d o l o g i e s M o n i t o r i n g I t e m s M o n i t o r i n g T i m e a n d F r e q u e n c y A n n u a l C o s t ( Y u a n ) M o n i t o r i n g P e r i o d ( Y e a r ) C o s t P e r P e r i o d ( Y u a n ) T o t a l C o s t ( Y u a n ) Monitoring institution A p p l i c a b l e S t a n d a r d s a n d C o d e s C u r r e n t l a n d f o r m , t o p o g r a p h y , v e g e t a t i o n s t a t u s F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n D i s t u r b e d l a n d f o r m , s c o p e a n d e x t e n t o f d e s t r o y e d v e g e t a t i o n F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h W a t e r / s o i l e r o s i o n a m o u n t p o s i t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h , a d d i t i o n a l o n e a f t e r s t r o n g w i n d O n - f a r m p i p e l i n e a r e a G r o w i n g s t a t u s o f p l a n t w i t h i n t r e a t e d r e g i o n R e f e r e n c e l a n d u n i t m e t h o d O n c e i n M a y a n d S e p t e m b e r r e s p e c t i v e l y e v e r y y e a r C u r r e n t l a n d f o r m , t o p o g r a p h y , v e g e t a t i o n s t a t u s F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n D i s t u r b e d l a n d f o r m , s c o p e a n d e x t e n t o f d e s t r o y e d v e g e t a t i o n F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h W a t e r / s o i l e r o s i o n a m o u n t p o s i t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h , a d d i t i o n a l o n e a f t e r s t r o n g w i n d P r o j e c t a r e a b e y o n d s i t e G r o w i n g s t a t u s o f p l a n t w i t h i n t r e a t e d r e g i o n R e f e r e n c e l a n d u n i t m e t h o d O n c e i n M a y a n d S e p t e m b e r r e s p e c t i v e l y e v e r y y e a r T u o k e s u n W a t e r - S a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n P r o j e c t C o n s t r u c t i o n r o a d a r e a C u r r e n t l a n d f o r m , t o p o g r a p h y , v e g e t a t i o n s t a t u s F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n 7 4 4 0 0 2 1 4 8 8 0 0 1 4 8 8 0 0 With water and soil conservation monitoring qualification certificate T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s o f W a t e r a n d S o i l C o n s e r v a t i o n M o n i t o r i n g ( S L 2 7 7 - 2 0 0 2 ) Page 455 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 5 4 D i s t u r b e d l a n d f o r m , s c o p e a n d e x t e n t o f d e s t r o y e d v e g e t a t i o n F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h W a t e r / s o i l e r o s i o n a m o u n t p o s i t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h , a d d i t i o n a l o n e a f t e r s t r o n g w i n d G r o w i n g s t a t u s o f p l a n t w i t h i n t r e a t e d r e g i o n R e f e r e n c e l a n d u n i t m e t h o d O n c e i n M a y a n d S e p t e m b e r r e s p e c t i v e l y e v e r y y e a r C u r r e n t l a n d f o r m , t o p o g r a p h y , v e g e t a t i o n s t a t u s F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n D i s t u r b e d l a n d f o r m , s c o p e a n d e x t e n t o f d e s t r o y e d v e g e t a t i o n F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h T e m p o r a r y c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d l i v i n g a r e a W a t e r / s o i l e r o s i o n a m o u n t p o s i t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h , a d d i t i o n a l o n e a f t e r s t r o n g w i n d T a b l e 1 2 . 3 - 1 1 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 T u r p a n C i t y C a n a l L i n i n g P r o j e c t T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r W a t e r / S o i l C o n s e r v a t i o n M o n i t o r i n g Project Name M o n i t o r i n g A r e a M o n i t o r i n g M e t h o d o l o g i e s M o n i t o r i n g I t e m s M o n i t o r i n g T i m e a n d F r e q u e n c y A n n u a l C o s t ( Y u a n ) M o n i t o r i n g P e r i o d ( Y e a r ) C o s t P e r P e r i o d ( Y u a n ) T o t a l C o s t ( Y u a n ) Monitoring institution A p p l i c a b l e S t a n d a r d s a n d C o d e s F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n C u r r e n t l a n d f o r m , t o p o g r a p h y , v e g e t a t i o n s t a t u s O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n a n o t h e r o n c e a f t e r c o m p l e t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n D i s t u r b e d l a n d f o r m , s c o p e a n d e x t e n t o f d e s t r o y e d v e g e t a t i o n O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n a n o t h e r o n c e a f t e r c o m p l e t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n T e m p o r a r y d i s p o s a l y a r d p o s i t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n W a t e r / s o i l e r o s i o n a m o u n t O n c e i n M a r c h a n d A p r i l r e s p e c t i v e l y , a d d i t i o n a l o n e a f t e r s t r o n g w i n d F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n C u r r e n t l a n d f o r m , t o p o g r a p h y , v e g e t a t i o n s t a t u s O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n a n o t h e r o n c e a f t e r c o m p l e t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n urpan City Canal Lining project T r a f f i c r o a d c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n D i s t u r b e d l a n d f o r m , s c o p e a n d e x t e n t o f d e s t r o y e d v e g e t a t i o n O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n a n o t h e r o n c e a f t e r c o m p l e t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n 1 7 2 7 0 0 1 1 7 2 7 0 0 1 7 2 7 0 0 With water and soil conservation monitoring qualification certificate T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s o f W a t e r a n d S o i l C o n s e r v a t i o n M o n i t o r i n g ( S L 2 7 7 - 2 0 0 2 ) Page 456 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 5 5 p o s i t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n W a t e r / s o i l e r o s i o n a m o u n t O n c e i n M a r c h a n d A p r i l r e s p e c t i v e l y , a d d i t i o n a l o n e a f t e r s t r o n g w i n d F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n C u r r e n t l a n d f o r m , t o p o g r a p h y , v e g e t a t i o n s t a t u s O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n a n o t h e r o n c e a f t e r c o m p l e t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n D i s t u r b e d l a n d f o r m , s c o p e a n d e x t e n t o f d e s t r o y e d v e g e t a t i o n O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n a n o t h e r o n c e a f t e r c o m p l e t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n D i s p o s a l y a r d p o s i t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n W a t e r / s o i l e r o s i o n a m o u n t O n c e i n M a r c h a n d A p r i l r e s p e c t i v e l y , a d d i t i o n a l o n e a f t e r s t r o n g w i n d T a b l e 1 2 . 3 - 1 2 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 \03 S h a n s h a n C o u n t y E r T a n g B r a n c h W a t e r o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r W a t e r / S o i l C o n s e r v a t i o n M o n i t o r i n g \03 Project Name M o n i t o r i n g A r e a M o n i t o r i n g M e t h o d o l o g i e s M o n i t o r i n g I t e m s M o n i t o r i n g T i m e a n d F r e q u e n c y A n n u a l C o s t ( Y u a n ) M o n i t o r i n g P e r i o d ( Y e a r ) C o s t P e r P e r i o d ( Y u a n ) T o t a l C o s t ( Y u a n ) M o n i t o r i n g i n s t i t u t i o n A p p l i c a b l e S t a n d a r d s a n d C o d e s F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n C u r r e n t l a n d f o r m , t o p o g r a p h y , v e g e t a t i o n s t a t u s O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d r e s p e c t i v e l y F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n D i s t u r b e d l a n d f o r m , s c o p e a n d e x t e n t o f d e s t r o y e d v e g e t a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d M a i n c i v i l w o r k s p o s i t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n W a t e r / s o i l e r o s i o n a m o u n t O n c e a m o n t h d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d n a t u r a l r e c o v e r y p e r i o d r e s p e c t i v e l y , a d d i t i o n a l o n e a f t e r s t r o n g w i n d F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n C u r r e n t l a n d f o r m , t o p o g r a p h y , v e g e t a t i o n s t a t u s O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d r e s p e c t i v e l y F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n D i s t u r b e d l a n d f o r m , s c o p e a n d e x t e n t o f d e s t r o y e d v e g e t a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d S h a n s h a n C o u n t y E r T a n g B r a n c h C a n a l L i n i n g P r o j e c t T r a f f i c r o a d c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e a p o s i t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n W a t e r / s o i l e r o s i o n a m o u n t O n c e a m o n t h d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d n a t u r a l r e c o v e r y p e r i o d r e s p e c t i v e l y , a d d i t i o n a l o n e a f t e r s t r o n g w i n d 6 3 0 0 0 2 1 2 6 0 0 0 1 2 6 0 0 0 W i t h w a t e r a n d s o i l c o n s e r v a t i o n m o n i t o r i n g q u a l i f i c a t i o n c e r t i f i c a t e T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s o f W a t e r a n d S o i l C o n s e r v a t i o n M o n i t o r i n g ( S L 2 7 7 - 2 0 0 2 ) Page 457 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 5 6 F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n C u r r e n t l a n d f o r m , t o p o g r a p h y , v e g e t a t i o n s t a t u s O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d r e s p e c t i v e l y F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n D i s t u r b e d l a n d f o r m , s c o p e a n d e x t e n t o f d e s t r o y e d v e g e t a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d D i s p o s a l y a r d p o s i t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n W a t e r / s o i l e r o s i o n a m o u n t O n c e a m o n t h d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d a n d n a t u r a l r e c o v e r y p e r i o d r e s p e c t i v e l y , a d d i t i o n a l o n e a f t e r T a b l e 1 2 . 3 - 1 3 \03 \03 \03 T u o k e s u n C o u n t y A ’ L a G o u M a i n D i v e r s i o n C a n a l W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r W a t e r / S o i l C o n s e r v a t i o n M o n i t o r i n g Project Name M o n i t o r i n g A r e a M o n i t o r i n g M e t h o d o l o g i e s M o n i t o r i n g I t e m s M o n i t o r i n g T i m e a n d F r e q u e n c y A n n u a l C o s t ( Y u a n ) M o n i t o r i n g P e r i o d ( Y e a r ) C o s t P e r P e r i o d ( Y u a n ) T o t a l C o s t ( Y u a n ) Monitoring institution A p p l i c a b l e S t a n d a r d s a n d C o d e s C u r r e n t l a n d f o r m , t o p o g r a p h y , v e g e t a t i o n s t a t u s F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n D i s t u r b e d l a n d f o r m , s c o p e a n d e x t e n t o f d e s t r o y e d v e g e t a t i o n F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h W a t e r / s o i l e r o s i o n a m o u n t p o s i t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h , a d d i t i o n a l o n e a f t e r s t r o n g w i n d C a n a l w o r k s a r e a G r o w i n g s t a t u s o f p l a n t w i t h i n t r e a t e d r e g i o n R e f e r e n c e l a n d u n i t m e t h o d O n c e i n M a y a n d S e p t e m b e r r e s p e c t i v e l y e v e r y y e a r C u r r e n t l a n d f o r m , t o p o g r a p h y , v e g e t a t i o n s t a t u s F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n D i s t u r b e d l a n d f o r m , s c o p e a n d e x t e n t o f d e s t r o y e d v e g e t a t i o n F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h W a t e r / s o i l e r o s i o n a m o u n t p o s i t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h , a d d i t i o n a l o n e a f t e r s t r o n g w i n d F l o o d c o n t r o l d i k e a r e a G r o w i n g s t a t u s o f p l a n t w i t h i n t r e a t e d r e g i o n R e f e r e n c e l a n d u n i t m e t h o d O n c e i n M a y a n d S e p t e m b e r r e s p e c t i v e l y e v e r y y e a r C u r r e n t l a n d f o r m , t o p o g r a p h y , v e g e t a t i o n s t a t u s F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n Tuokesun County A’LaGou Main Diversion Canal project C o n s t r u c t i o n r o a d a r e a D i s t u r b e d l a n d f o r m , s c o p e a n d e x t e n t o f d e s t r o y e d v e g e t a t i o n F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h 7 6 8 0 0 2 1 5 3 5 0 0 1 5 3 5 0 0 With water and soil conservation monitoring qualification certificate T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s o f W a t e r a n d S o i l C o n s e r v a t i o n M o n i t o r i n g ( S L 2 7 7 - 2 0 0 2 ) Page 458 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 5 7 W a t e r / s o i l e r o s i o n a m o u n t p o s i t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h , a d d i t i o n a l o n e a f t e r s t r o n g w i n d G r o w i n g s t a t u s o f p l a n t w i t h i n t r e a t e d r e g i o n R e f e r e n c e l a n d u n i t m e t h o d O n c e i n M a y a n d S e p t e m b e r r e s p e c t i v e l y e v e r y y e a r C u r r e n t l a n d f o r m , t o p o g r a p h y , v e g e t a t i o n s t a t u s F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n O n c e d u r i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e p a r a t i o n D i s t u r b e d l a n d f o r m , s c o p e a n d e x t e n t o f d e s t r o y e d v e g e t a t i o n F i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h D i s p o s a l y a r d W a t e r / s o i l e r o s i o n a m o u n t p o s i t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n O n c e a m o n t h , a d d i t i o n a l o n e a f t e r s t r o n g w i n d Page 459 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 458 12.4 Cost Estimation and Fund Source of Environmental Management 12.4.1 Allocation of Budget EMP will concern many intuitions, fund sources will therefore be different. Most environmental protection activities will be engineering measures. In view of this, engineering measures will be provided by project contraction contractors and operators and list in project cost. The lines of the cost will be classified in list in their competitive bids. EMP budget will be mainly used for the environmental management during construction period and operation period, including: environmental monitoring, environmental supervision, personnel training, and environmental management institution functioning and risk resistance for some projects. EMC activities will be included in the budget for PMO, PIUs international project management, monitoring over water quality/air/noise, the same as CSEE and EFSI. CSEE ’s monitoring and supervision activities will be the part of budget for building and supervision. Project Owners will bear monitoring cost. If routine monitoring of local environmental protection institutions will be done concurrently with that of this project, the data coming from routine monitoring executed by local environmental protection institutions can be used. 12.4.2 Fund Sources and EMP Budget The summary of environmental management cost for all project components during construction period sees Table 12.4-1. Page 460 E I A R e p o r t f o r T u r p a n W a t e r C o n s e r v a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 5 9 T a b l e 1 2 . 4 - 1 S u m m a r y O f E n v i r o n m e n t a l M a n a g e m e n t C o s t F o r A l l P r o j e c t C o m p o n e n t s D u r i n g C o n s t r u c t i o n P e r i o d A n n u a l C o s t d u r i n g C o n s t r u c t i o n p e r i o d ( 1 0 4 Y u a n ) E M D p r o j e c t C o d e P r o j e c t N a m e S a l a r y O f f i c i a l T r a f f i c E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g E n v i r o n m e n t a l S u p e r v i s i o n P e r s o n n e l E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n T r a i n i n g ( 1 0 4 Y u a n ) C o n s t r u c t i o n D u r a t i o n ( Y e a r ) A n n u a l C o s t f o r M o n i t o r i n g W a t e r / s o i l C o n s e r v a t i o n ( 1 0 4 Y u a n ) M o n i t o r i n g P e r i o d ( Y e a r ) T o t a l C o s t d u r i n g C o n s t r u c t i o n P e r i o d ( 1 0 4 Y u a n ) T L F 1 M e i Y a o G o u R e s e r v o i r p r o j e c t 1 0 5 1 . 8 1 . 1 6 1 6 5 1 . 8 3 1 2 . 9 8 2 . 5 9 9 . 6 0 T L F 2 T u r p a n C i t y W a t e r - s a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 1 0 . 8 0 6 3 0 . 4 2 8 . 5 0 5 2 2 4 . 9 7 T L F 3 T a ’ E r T a n g B r a n c h C a n a l P r o j e c t 4 1 0 . 8 0 6 3 0 . 8 3 1 7 . 2 7 1 3 0 . 0 6 T L F 4 W u D a o L i n K a r e z P r o t e c t i o n P r o j e c t 4 1 0 . 8 0 6 2 2 0 0 2 5 . 6 0 S S 1 S h a n s h a n C o u n t y E r ’ T a n g G o u R e s e r v o i r P r o j e c t 1 0 4 2 . 2 9 1 . 1 4 1 6 5 2 . 5 2 2 . 6 1 3 1 5 6 . 4 1 S S 2 S h a n s h a n C o u n t y W a t e r - s a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 1 1 . 2 0 6 3 0 . 4 2 1 2 . 2 9 2 3 2 . 7 0 S S 3 E r ’ t a n g B r a n c h C a n a l L i n i n g P r o j e c t 4 1 1 . 3 6 0 6 3 0 . 5 6 . 3 2 2 1 . 7 8 T K X 1 T u o k e s u n C o u n t y A ’ L a G o u R e s e r v o i r P r o j e c t 1 0 4 2 . 6 7 0 . 9 6 1 6 5 4 1 3 . 8 1 4 . 5 2 0 1 . 6 7 T K X 2 T u o k e s u n C o u n t y W a t e r - s a v i n g I r r i g a t i o n P r o j e c t 4 1 1 0 6 3 1 . 3 4 4 . 9 6 3 3 3 . 9 6 T K X 3 A ’ L a G o u M a i n D i v e r s i o n C a n a l P r o j e c t 4 1 1 0 6 3 0 . 7 5 1 5 . 3 5 1 2 7 . 3 5 Page 461 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 460 13 Conclusions and Recommendations 13.1 Project Objectives and Components 13.1.1 Project Objectives Through adopting non-beneficial evapotranspiration (NBET) reduction based integrated water resources and environmental management and new concepts and methods for agricultural water saving irrigation, improve regional on-farm water infrastructures and focus on relevant software development, so as to promote sustainable water resources development and utilization and sound economic and social development of Turpan Prefecture. 13.1.2 Project Components (1) Engineering construction: (a) Construction of 3 medium size mountainous reservoirs, rehabilitation and lining of main and branch irrigation canals of 47.5 km; (b)Development of agricultural water-saving irrigation in a total area of 160 mu of irrigated land; (c) Karez preservation: a selected Karez system shall be recovered to preserve historic cultural heritage and ancient water conveyance system. (2) Integrated water resources and environmental management (3) Institutional capacity building: covering development of Water User Associations (WUAs), monitoring and evaluation (M&E), and management information system (MIS), etc. 13.1.3 Compliance of the Project Implementation with Relevant Plans and Policies The project implementation is in compliance with the 11 th Five Year Plan for Water Conservancy Development of Turpan Prefecture and the Country Assistance Strategy of the World Bank. 13.2 Conclusitons from Assessment of Current Environmental Status 13.2.1 Natural Environment (1) Geographical Location The project area is located within the Turpan Prefecture that lies in the middle eastern part of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang). It covers an area of 69713 km 2 , accounting for 4.2% of the total area of Xinjiang, with a length from east to west of 300km, and a width from south to north of 240km. Its geological locations is 87°41'45” 91°54'00” of east longitude and 41°12'43” 43°37'50” of north latitude. The project involves Turpan City, Shanshan County and Tuokexun County of the Turpan Prefecture. (2) River Systems Without outflowing rivers, and all river systems are semi-closed ones; Rivers with short courses, small runoffs are in the majority; Page 462 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 461 The rivers all have small variation of inter-annual runoff but big variation of annual runoffs. (3) Regional Eco-environmental Characteristics According to Xinjiang Ecological Function Zoning (revised version), Turpan Basin is classified as Tianshan Mountain arid grassland ~ coniferous forest ecological zone and gobi-desert oasis type sub-agricultural ecological zone in Turpan~Hami Basin on the southern slope of Tianshan Mountain. The project area belongs to oasis agriculture and tourism function zone located in the Turpan Basin. 13.2.2 Social Environment The project area is inhabited by people of multiple ethnic groups and is dominated by oasis agricultural economy due to its natural conditions. Within the project area, construction of Ertanggou reservoir will inundate some unclassified cultural relics. Resettlers in the project area are ethnic minorities, all being Uygur. 13.2.3 Current Environmental Quality (1) Surveys of Pollution Sources The project construction will be conducted in rural, economically backward areas, where pollution is mainly caused by agricultural area sources and domestic waste sources, instead of industrial pollution sources that are much less in quantity in the project area. (2) Current Quality Status of Surface Water Environment Based on monitoring results, water quality of all rivers relating to construction of the sub- projects is of good quality and can meet requirements of Class-II surface water quality defined in the Quality Standards of Surface Water Environment. (3) Current Quality Status of Acoustic Environment Most of the project constructions are located in rural areas where there are less industrial and mining enterprises, thus without major noise pollution sources except for transportation noises. As a result, the background noise is kept at a lower level and acoustic environment in the project area is in good status. (4) Current Status of Ambient Air Quality The project constructions will all be conducted in rural areas that are spacious without air pollution sources in the surrounding environment, so ambient air quality of the project area is good. (5) Current Status of Eco-environment Page 463 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 462 In terms of classification of natural landscape eco-systems, the project area can be divided into three categories, including grassland eco-system, water area eco-system and oasis agricultural eco-system. As the dominant constitute of eco-systems in the project area, low vegetation coverage grassland landscape determines quality of the regional eco-environment. Because of the overall low vegetation coverage, the natural landscape eco-systems in the project area are characterized by lower stability and lower resistance capability, and the recovery capability of the eco-systems after being disturbed is weak. Overall speaking, eco-environmental quality of the regional landscape eco-systems is low. 13.3 Conclusions of This EIA (1) During project construction period, the negative impacts caused by the project construction include mainly waste water, waste solids and waste gas discharged and noise produced, as well as vegetation losses and resettlement of people due to land acquisition by the project. During project operation period, only reservoir construction sub-projects have certain negative impacts. Water conservancy constructions included in the Project will upgrade flood resistance capacity of the project area, increase economic value of the irrigated agricultural products produced with one unit of water, increase water supply to industrial and mining production that can produce more benefits, and promote optimization and adjustment of regional industrial structure. Additionally, through the project implementation, the World Bank will introduce into Turpan Prefecture the up-to-date and internationally accepted methods and systems for water resources management and planning, while development of the water resources management systems under the Project will promote sustainable water resources planning and development in Turpan Prefecture. After completion of the Project, remote sensing based ET techniques will be used in the whole Turpan Prefecture for water resources planning and management. Through adopting ET-based water management, water consumption can be taken under strict control and further control over groundwater abstraction can be applied. Along with increase of water use coefficient, groundwater abstraction will be reduced, which will solve fundamentally the problem of groundwater overuse in Turpan Prefecture and thus improve the regional eco-environment. (2) Implementation of the Project is in compliance with national laws and regulations, and consistent with the 11 th Five Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of Turpan Prefecture, where the project is located. Most of the sub-projects included in the Project have already been listed into 11 th Five Year On-farm Water Conservancy Construction Plan of Turpan Prefecture or the project counties, or taken into the Plan for Karez Preservation and Development in Xinjiang. Therefore, the project implementation is well-supported by the governmental laws and policies. (3) The project implementation may involve some environmentally sensitive areas/sites, such as tourism resort, residential area, school, cultural relic protection units, etc. In the feasibility study, proper site selection was conducted to keep the construction sites as far away as possible from those environmentally sensitive areas/sites. In the environmental assessment, the alternative analyses conducted, mitigation measures proposed, Environmental Management Plan (EMP) formulated, and public participation and approaches and measures for non-voluntary resettlement defined will all help to further reduce or eliminate negative impacts caused on the environmentally sensitive areas/sites, and Page 464 EIA Report for Turpan Water Conservation Project 463 ensure that the possible impacts are within the limits defined by the national environmental protection laws, regulations and standards. (4) Construction under the Project may cause some adverse impacts on the surrounding environment, but mainly in the construction period. Such adverse impacts during construction period includes: impact of dust raised due to construction on air quality; impacts of noise of construction vehicles and machines on surrounding environment; impacts of production waste water and sanitary waste water discharged during construction on surface water; damages caused by land occupation of the construction to ground surface vegetation; soil and water erosion caused by spoil from construction; etc. (5) Accumulated impacts of the project construction on regional environment involve regional water environment, eco-environment and social environment. The impacts on water environment are mainly those impacts on groundwater environment in the river basins caused by regulating function of the three reservoirs constructed on three independent rivers. Based on analyses, along with implementation of irrigation water-saving sub-projects in the plain irrigated areas, completion of the reservoirs will be in favor of mitigating the current status of groundwater overuse. The impacts on eco-environment will be proven by slackened drop of groundwater table. According to results of analyses, the project implementation will not speed up shrinkage of the Aiding Lake or reduce area of the wetland around the lake, therefore, there won ’t be adverse impacts on the regional eco-environment. Besides, over the construction and operation processes of the Project, the World Bank will help the Turpan Prefecture to introduce brand-new water resources management model and planning method, and provide well-designed training to relevant managerial staff to enhance local institutional capacity, so as to provide foundation for sustainable water resources management and planning in the river basins in Turpan Prefecture and thus promote a virtuous cycle of development of regional social environment. (6) The adverse impacts that may be caused by the project construction can be limited within the scope and levels defined by the national laws, regulations and standards through adopting mitigation measures, implementing EMP and public participation and consultation, and using proper approaches in the process of non-voluntary resettlement. To summarize, the Project is environmentally feasible given that the proposed construction options, mitigation measures, EMP implementation, public consultation, proper approaches for non-voluntary resettlement are taken in the process of project implementation. 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