Environmental Assessment/Analysis Reports ______ Report E0040 China - Liaoning Environmental Project EA Category B Environmental Assessment 12 of 12 September 1993 This report has been prepared by the Borrower or its Consultant INVIROF TALB ASSESSMrElT R!E:PORT ,* 3IPVR ODF BEN'D POWE3R PL1ANT SAM JUN 0 g l99 RECEiLD Beijing Environment AsseFssent Corp'r ation * Oct. 1992 Beijing I.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I iiE M 4 : fft OFi 05(41 :~~~~~~~ E:7Z?TO1U7E=TAL .PALCT ASESS!!M!M C iS {~1 4 : -gi i F* )~~~~~~~~~~~~ g The DBeijZng Environ,MEntal ; ne C^rp-ra:_er w2 :-cnrik1e for the pre-paration cr thais EnA pcrt Ccomice and checking) of Low Conccntraion SO. Control Fr-c-e-: of Benxi Power pLant. ThE fcl2oving are the key personnel: Chief manager- Ru Zhicheng Project chief: Mu Taiqi-. Technical chief: "hang Yc=-W...ing Examiner: Li Zaigcng Editor: u Ti q ir. The anticipates attended to this work a!! their qualif ication are listed as below: 'am e Professicna2. 7osition S-ecialty Li Zaigong director en-.g:reer Enviironnental senior enginear Assessment Mu Taiqi n EP section di-rector Env-iron^mental senior engineer Ch e * cal :hang Yongming senior engineer Envronrenra2 Engin--ering Li "ouliang senior engineer En- rcn; er.t management 1. Introduction *. P.-'eative Policies. Standards and !;arnagement Systt. 3. Description of Proposed Project 3.1 General of the Proposed Project 3.21 Process 3.3 I-ain Process Equip:ment 3.4 Investnient Estimation .3.5 Project Sc!hedule 4. Environnental Condition.S 4.1 General of the V!atural Erviror.-er.. 4.2 General of the Social Econor-it: 5. Environnental Impact Analysis 5.1 General of Production 5.2 ' O. di scharging during the -^ cess ! prndct -inr. 5 .2 E::ist-n Ay,ir Pollutionr .,4 Project Pclluticen Reducin7u Effect on Air Quait: 5-.' Analysis c'f Environrental Benefi-s 5.5 onavyss of Fc-ial and Eccn-nic Benefits 5.7 Conclusion - . -^ - ..-__ -r. l .d ........... _' y5- S ' t>.-- ....... ...... ' ~- --r._*- - ....... s 7. Plan for Mitiar !'-qative r-r=ts on rnh 'E-ronr:n-: 0. En.vironmental !1anage-ent ard Staff r-i-incn S. Environmenta1 i^-nitoring and upe- rv. ^-. F r^crs- 10. Involvenent. of Affected Grcurs and I-rgce.rnrenea Organizations Main Reference Document and Infdr:.ati^- .Anr.ene s 1. Introduction The city of Benxi, located in the east of Liaoning province China. is one of the main indug'rjal raw iaterial bases in the State and has contributed a great on the tiational economic development. But for the past years, environmental protection have been overlooked during the economic developrent. Therefore. air pollution in the city have been become heavily and the " missing city" is named for Benxi due to not being found from the satellite. Serious pollution do not only limit the social and economic development but threatening public health. So it is initial need to improve the environment quality. In this case, "Seven-year plan for improving major pollution sources in Benxi " have been prepared by the Municipality. The atmosphere of Benxi is serious polluted by SO.. One of the largest contributor of SO. in Benxi is Benxi Power Plant. The air quality must be improv'ed by resolving the above problem, therefore, the Low Concentration SO. Control Project of Benxi Power Plant, which is one of the he;vy pollution source in the city, have been listed in the above m.entioned "Seven-year's Plan". Based on the "World Bank Project Preparation Mission Menoria for Liaoning Environmental Project" and "Application Report for applying World Bank Loan for Liaoning Environmental Project", the Low Concentration SO- Control Project of Benxi Power Plant was determined as the eniirowmental project of Benxi which will use the loan from World Bank. The Environmental Assessment for the project is required by World Bank and Benxi EPB. The Wcsrd Bank -has asked Liaoning EPB to be responsible for the organization and review of the EA. reports. Beiji ng Environrental Assessrent Corpcrat: on cf State Hetallurgical Departnent was asked to Prepared this EA Report by Benxi Po;eft ^fi:e and. had already g.iven the. Outline of EA P.eport to Liaoning EPE in Feb. 1992. The Outline was reviewed by experts invited by LEPE and .pproved by LEPB. This EA Report was prepared based on the Pppreved Outline anrd will be subnittVd in both English and Chinese versicns. 2. Relavant Policies. Laws and Manaaement Systems The rA Report of this project was prepared acc^rd ing to the r_levant Chinese state and provincia2 law! docti-entri-is and standards, it also achieved the requirenenzs of 'W7oc-d Bank. 2.1 Relevant Policies and Laws 1) Chinese Science and Ts.-.nical Foli-y Directive -Technical Policy for Environnei.ta3 Protection 2) JWate- Pollution Ccntrol Law of _op1e's Pepuhl:c- o! China * 3) Air Pollution Cntvro3 L.aw of Fecr'2e'i ' epublic of China 4) Atmosphere Quality Standa.rd (GBE3n5-Z-S'-! 5) Requirements of Wcrld Bank: Operational Directive JJo. 4 Appendix A - Environmental Assessment OD4.01 2.2 The management system of Benxi is shown in Table 2.1. Table 2.1 Structure of Benxi Environmental Protection Management System Engineering Division:.5 Plan Division: 6 | Mi .Authority Development Section: 6 of H BBex u e S Management Division: 7 A n t power B i x a e c i f 7 Plant n i f x p E Environ- i a P 153 Propagation and Education mental 1 3B Centre: 3 iL Prottec- tio Y Sciencv e and Technology Section: 2_ 3. D tPersonnel Section: 3 3Env1ronmenta eMonltoring Station: 61 Environm.ental Science Institute: 29 + Superveision Institute : 24l 3. Description of Proposed Project 3.1 General Benxi Power Plant, specially serves the Benxi industries, take the task of power and steea.r lpply fon- najor industries and mines as well as hot water supply for heatirng so.e- urbar area of residents. The total sums of different type bcoil*.rs in Benxi 2 , _0---- ......... FIGUP.E 1 GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION MAP OF BENXI CITY PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC e OF CHINA _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;z . __ v. NA Ftqure 3.2 Rotary'Spraying Dry Method Desulphurization Process spraying electrostatic ractantb bprecipitator waste sediment ~--part recycle Po-cr PlNr.- ar1e 15 smt10, tOta2 anr.ual coal consumption' is abou l.Snn.OnOC t. r .-jL:t will control the sroke and rebve th. ro* 7enerated fron' the lar.nrtr boilehi (40t/h) in Plant. Th. Ji-;e!t boiler is f ate in the cernter of the indu.tr,al nr.e tse. F;ur, 2., w*hich coal consumption 2O-25 t/h with 50,0on !-J g:ir fro- th.e 'astt-furnace. The. smoke will discharge to thr. ai: '1-.-vugh thc lZ2m high chirncy aft.ar dust collected by electrica: dst collector. The project is proposed to use the rotary spraying dry sm,ok. desulphurization processwhich is a simple process with ski;l;e technology. reliable operatien and high desu2phurizatio-. efficiency and suitable for exact situation of Benxi Power Plant. In this process the lime white will be adopt as absorbenrt. 3.2 Process 3.2.1 Desulphurization Process The Low Concentration SO. Control Project of 240t.h boiler vi:_ use the Rotary Spraying Fry Smoke Desulphurization Process, it's principle is based on the following chemical reactions: CaO + H.O --- CaCOH). sO. + Ca,OH)- --- CaiC., 2Sb. + 0. + ICa(ON) .-- 2CaSO. * H-O The smoke generated from. boiler wil enter th.e sp-Ci . .. adsorption tower and go through the line white which is sprayed by a centrifuge sprayiing device. The strong phys- cal and cherical reacticn will be happened: on the one side, the water in adsorbent wi" be vapoured, smoke will be cooled: on t.he c-h-- silde, the Ca'OH). in the adsorbent will be reacred with Se- _r the snoke tc cen&rate the powder solid of eaiu- Fphatear.d ca2:iu-. sulps ite etc.. the S0- renc- va& e ff cy -c f th_ rocess is above 808. Then after thTe desulphuri=_ted s=oke eill n er the electrical dust collector, the waste air wil: be exhaust"d to chinney to discharge to the atmosphere by the ex:hausting fan. the process chart is shown in Figure 3.2. 3.2.2 Lime White Making Process In order to meet the desulpurization preceFF re-quirem-ents to lime white quality and based on the 2-'"˘ production in. Ber.xi. t. l-^ie whire making syster. will use the slaked lime as rat- ret;-ria- which will be around and completed slaked by wet ball-grinder rc make it achieve high activation and dispersity. The process chart is shown as follow: 3 Slaked [ Lime Air Lime Powder Disc Compressed Store House Feeder [Tanker JT Lime White Net Lime White Making Ball-Grinder Transfer Machine Tank . Lime White Lime White Lehit Transfer Storage Feeding Pump Tank Pump Lime White Preparation Tank in Desulphurization Workshop The slaked lime which contains CaO 54.60% will be supplied Slaked Lime Powder Plant which is 4 km. away fror Benxi Pow Plant, ccnsumption of it will be 30t/day. The.concentration lime white is 20 - 25%. 3.3 Main Process Equipment 3.3.1 Smoke Desulphurization System .his system includes 5 sub-syst.e7s, they are: (11 Smoke Syste= (2' Li!-e whi-e Taking by Recycled line syste- (3) Lime white feeding syste-: (4) Water syster for ten.perature adjustinz 5i) Disposal syste= fcr desulphur4zed dust sc-linent Main Equipment of Smoke System 1. Spraying dry absorber: ; set, diameter 13vr, Stz treated capacity 540,000 ,' smoke retained ti-e 1-. seccnd. 2. S...eke distributor: 1 set Lime white making by recycled lime systeim: 1. Screw dust transfer -achine: 2 sets 2. Recycled lir-e. whit; rurr: 2 sets 3. .e-ycE 1iF- white tair.: k r.o. 4. St r4-* : 2 setr- Line white feeding system 3. . .-- r: : r : A t. '±3re wit.* preparatior. tank: IJo. f;ffecti.e v'olumc. 150m: each) 2. High level Lino White tank: 1 !'o. 4. Stirrer: 2 sets 5. Centrifuged Atomizer: 2 sets. include 1 spare latomi:ing capacity: 30t/h) Water system for temperature adjusting 1. Temperature adjusting pump: 2 sets 2. Mixed machine: 1 set Disposal system for desulphurized dust sediment 3.3.2 Lime White Making System The following are the main equipment: 1. Air compressed tanker: 2 IJo. (loading capacity: 4T) 2. Slaked lime storehouse: 2x50m- 3. Disc Feeder: 2 sets 4. Lime white preparing machine: 2 sets 5. Wet ball-grinder: 2 sets 6. Lime white transfer pump: 2 No. 7. Lime white feeding pump: 2 No. S. Lime white storage tank: 2 No. 9. Li-e white feeding pump: 2 No. 3.4 Investment Estimation The t:tal investment for Low Concentration SO- Control Project cf Benxi Power Plant - 240 t Boiler Sroke Vesul;thuri7ation is 28,560,000 Yuan R.MB. convert into tSS 5.289,000. Fc',owing is the investment assignment: Item Cost (P;.llicr. P.HD) Mlechanism 6.9 Lime white preparation 2.58 Dust removal 0.12 Electrical 1.32 Heat control 2.41 Auxiliary production 0.68 Staff welfare 0.32 Site cost 1.1 Training cost 0.46 Project m.anage-ent & 5.97 Construction Supervision Project contingency .'5 Price contingency '.73 Local tax 0.1S Loan interest Total Cost 28.56 Jw ~~~~~~~~~~~5 3. 5 rrtjo-ct Schedillz mr rr.lirinarzy DPign and Construction DNs§,n: 1993 Cons.ruction, Tnstallation and ron.-rie;iri.n: lE94-1?95 rrcject Start to oporation rDec. 199 * 4. Environmental Conditions 4.1 General of the Natural Environment The city of Benxi is located in the eastern Liaoning Province, upstrea. of the Ta * zi River Basin. In this long and narrow, surrounded by mountains area, total mountain area is over E5I but farmland is only 7.8%. The urban is located in western area wh--h is a valley at the middle stream, of Taiz- R._ver. surrounded by mountains and Taizi River flows through this area from.northeast to southwest. Because of the mountains and valley topography, the main wind direction of urban area is east. The main wind is northeast direction affected by the east air flow in winter time and is southwest affected by the south air flow in. summer ti.-e, wind speed is in middle level and annual average is 2.8r./s, annual windless frequency is 12%. Rainfall is in maiddle level, annual average is 793.7m.n, which most occurs during the July and August. Annual average air temperature is 6.90C. 4.2 General of the Social Economic Benxi urban area includes Pingshan, Hingshan, Xihu and I!anren .districts. According to the statist"- in 1990, total populadion in urban area is 919,000 includes Fingshan 320,000, MIingshan 259.000 and Xihu 242.000. The pr-ncipal activities of Benxi are heavy industrial production of steel & iron, coal and construction m:aterial etc., total hea-.y industrial value is -9.6% of the total industrial value. T-tal coal ccnsumption of the city is 7,000.OOOT in 1990, vohi-h includes 6,340,000T for industrial production and 666.00QT for domestic usage. The environment of Benxi is seriously polluted-because of the high centralization of heavy pollution sources. out-of-date equiprent and technology, environmental problens remained by history. Total discharged waste air is a5,600,000,000 ..-, which includes SO. 105,000 T, industrial dust 345.000T. The large armount. discharge of. pollutarnts had caused the environmental quality exceed the srandards. For exanple, in urb:rn area of 1990. So. annual daily average level is 0.16ing/r. exceeded the standard 1.7 times: dustfall is 49.5tk:,-, exccedsd the standard 5.2 tiMes. Therefore. Ber.xi is heavy polluted at the same tim.e they createi a great quantity of raw materials for the sc,ciety. 6 * *. ' n TnF1I'F T AT! ci1,N Jr'? CnA.TP'.;. proJr- A6 I.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ *. ;'w* E * - . 0 //alt-, _ . .*.. . .. LEGEND. 03 ltit !!rIans u11' .5 .4 *, - 3. . . .. _*%: . ,:: ,.. . , . ... :, .:"' .'.q'.1, -: .u'r > ........ -', ,: 5. Environmenta.l Impact Anlysis 5.1 General of Production The 240 T boiler of Benxi Power Plant was made by Haerbin Boiler Factory, completed instillation in 2976, it started operation at the end of 1970's. The boller's rated vapour quantity is 240t/h, pressure and temperature of overheat vapour are 3.9 Mpa and 4500C. operating hours is 7000h/year, main fuel is coal with 5- 10D gas from blast-furnace, practical coal burning amount is 20- 25t/h. Beside the coal from mine of Benxi, some coal are from Fuxin and Nanpiao. average sulphur content of coal is about 1.72%, annual coal consumption is 158,000 T. Three Electric Fields Dust Collector which removal efficiency is 99.5% will be used for smoke dust removal of the boiler, the smoke after go through the collector will be blown by a exhausting fan to go through the 120 m chimney then discharge to the air. 'Dust sediment will discharge to the storehouse by hydraulic then be sent to Daqinggou Dust Site after concentrating in the concentration tank. 5.2 S02 Discharging During the Production The parameters of so-oke and SO- discharge at the outlet of 240 t/h boiler of Benxi Power Plant is shovn in. Table 5.2. 5.3 Existing Air Pollution The site of this project is located in Nandi area. soutahwVestern Ben-:.i, which is heavy pcllution area according to the Annna: Report of Benxi Environ-rental Quality in 2991. The data of air monitoring fcr 4 times per year and. 5 days per time in 1991 _s shown in Table The data in Table 5.2 shows the annual average concentration cf SO. exceeded the State Air Quality Class IT Standard :.3 tir:es. This heavy p'lluted air is endangering human's health. 7 Ta)l'e 5.1 Uuaic of Boiler 1240t/h. coal burning Quantity of smoke 540,000 n3/h Temperature of smoke 1800C Concentration of S02 1.9 g/m3 Discharge quantity of S02 0.62 t/h Annual operation time 7000 h Annual discharge quantity of S02 4300 t .- Table 5.2 Air monitoring data for Nandi area in 1991 unit: mg/m season Spring Summer Autumn Winter| Annual S02 0.20 0.08 0.11 0.38 0.20 NOX 0.09 0.04 0.08 0.06 0.07 TSP 0.36 0.31 0.46 0.85 0.50 Co 4.2 3.0 2.3 3.5 3.3 5.4 Project Mitigation Effect for Environmental Pollution The SO- pollution is serious in Benxi urban area, the most part of SO- discharged from Benxi Power Plant, therefore, in order to remove the SO. in the air and to improve the air quality of Benxi, the priority is to control the SO. discharging from Benxi Power Plant. This project will improve the largest one (240 t/h) of 15 sets in Benxi Power Plant. If it is successful, the other boilers will be improved in the future by using the experience from it. The existing SO. dischargine from this 240 tlh boiler is 4300 t/year, 80% of it will be reduced after it is controlled by this project, that means SO. discharging will be reduced from the existing 4300 t/year 'to 860 t!year, it will mitigate the environment pollution of Benxi greatly. The total coal consuumption of Benzi Power Plant is 1,800,000 t, 240t/h boiler is 158,000 t which is 8.8% of total. that is to say, the reduced amount of SO. by this project is 1% of total SO. discharging amount of this Plant. 8 5.5 Environmental Benefit Analysis The annual coal consumption of 240 T/h boiler of Benxi Power Plant ir 158,00QQT, the average sulphur content in coal is 1.72%, so the annual SO. discharge is: Gso. = 1.6 * B * S = 1.6 x 158,000 x 0.01'2 = 4300 t in which: Gso.: Annual SO. discharge amount (t) B: annual coal consumption (t) S: sulphur content in coal {M) After starting.the operation of this project, at the condition of desulphurization efficiency is 80%, the SO. actual' annual discharging amount Gp.so, is: Gp.so. - Gso. * (1-q) = 4300 T x (1-0.8) = 860 T The c6riparis"on of maximum SO. concentrations at the ground level between existing and after desulphating for this boiler is shown in Table 5.3. Table 5.3 I existing [ after desulphating maximum S02 concentration L ,of fall to ground (mg/m3) 0.0804 0.0156 5.6 Social Economic Benefit Analysis * It is well known that So. is a common and harmful ai-r pollutant. if it meet the water vapour and dust in the air and that is affected by sunligh.. it wil. be oX:idated to su_phur'c acid mist and sulphate w-hich would further strength the harmful impact to ;human being's respiratory syster.. According to the observation result, the sym-ptons of respiratory systen il-lness can be seen for ,adults who have lived in such air environnetr. co 100-200 -ug/m fly dust and 150-200 ug/.;.- SO- concentration for - Iong pericd. the children are even more sensitive than adults. The concentrations of fly dust and SO. in Benxi a_r are higher th:an above mentioned level, the result4can be imagined. Besides, The pollution of SO. could cause the worse arowth and death of areen plants, reduce the crop harvest, speed the corrision and rust . c! buildings and metal structures, and also could cause the urban snog event and increase the freus.nc7 of urban traff-c a-id-Ent. Benxi Power Plant is a big Sc.- discharge scvr- -n +en:.i, so it -s the key to irprove air quaZity. If the e-S. dic -i-.n B-3::i Pow;e-r Plant could b-e controlled, the SCu. pcltiozi level of 'en -: veill be rreatsy dr-.Ped dc-7n which -'.11 c-ad the pe=ple there tc have a clear atrcsphere and to avoid gettirs resp iratcry s7ste-. illness, that means the pPople health ^onlition will be Ietter. cost for ned-i:Pl treatr+nt will b- reduced - th.- or rroductivity will be inr>reased. 9 Because of the reduction of SO- discharge, the concentration of SO. in air will be lower, such'air environment would be helpful to growu the crops and imrpel the agriculture output which would raise the economic income of the farmers. The reduction of SO, also can prevent the green plants from the endanging of acid rain. The sm.oke desulphurization project is new construction work whict will need amount of labor and staff to construct and operate it, that will provide more opportunities for local residents to get jobs and increase their income. This project is the first one of smoke desulphurization in Benxi, it will play a exemplary and spread role for Benxi smoke desulphurization work. Therefore, the social-benefit and indirect economic benefit is significant to undertake Low Concentration SO. Control Project in Benxi Power Plant. After this project go into operation, the annual operation cost will be 3,800,000 but the economic benefit of recycled CaSO1 and CaSO. is very small, so the direct economic benefit is negative. The annual operation cost of 240 t/h boiler smoke desulpurization is showm in Table 5.4. 5.7 Conclusion 1) The Low Concentration SO. Control Project of 240t1h boiler in Benxi Power P'lant will grelatly reduce the pellution of SO. in Benxi for the most SO. is discharged form this special big SO- discharging plant. The public supports the project because it will bring the environmental benefit for them and their environment. 2) After the operation of the project, the 3440 t SO. ','il2 be removed from the 240 t/h boiler and not discharae to the air, which is 8Q0 of the total SO. discharge of this boiler. Although there is no direct economic bene'it, but the environm!ental benefit is significant. 3) This project will improve the air quality of Benxi and is helpful for the health of residents so that labor productivity can be raised and medical treatment cost can be reduced. 4) For this project is a new construction work which will need amount of labor and staff to construct and operate it, that will provide more opportunities for Benxi residents to get jobs and increase their income, and to create the social benefit. 5) This project is the first one of sv-oke desulphurization in Benxi, it will play a exemplary and spread role for Benxi s-oke desulphurization work. This project is historic significant and would be supported by public because it will be helpful to change- 10 th- Benxi fro, "City cann-t be seen froip th-e Sateulitp-& o a ^Jc..r "trorrhcre citr. f' After t,his wc'ork starts to operation, the ar.nual operation cost wi3l be 3',90,O0C R!2B yuan, sc' this project will not have direct ecconcr.ic benefit at present. 7) The co-prehensive envirrnnruntal ir.pact for .ctential irpact aspects caused by Low Concentration SO. Control Pioject during it's construction and operation period is shown in Table 5.5. The data in Table 5.5 shows that the -ain impact for environnent caused by this project construction is beneficial, so the project is completely acceptable from the environmental protection aspect. Table 5.4 Item I Annual Unit Price Total |_______________________ 1 Consumption (Y) (10,OOOY) Line 8,680 t 65/t 56.42 Heat.consumption j 3,500 GJ 12.7/GJ 4.445 Electricity consumption 5,500 KRwh 170.9/kkwh 93.9950 Iilater for industry 100,000 t 0.4/t 4.0 iWrater fcr miscellaneous 60,000 t 0.7/t 4.2 Basic depreciation 4.8 - 130.2- ,'ai_ntenance cost .2.5 % _| 67.83 ' IHMaterial cost 1 8.0 I ?,ersozzel Ulo. j38 ?ezrsc*nn=e. salary 127 37.8P er ' l. 4 | Personnel welfare fund | 1168.36 per 0.6398 1 Total capita Total | 380.1l334r P.emark Based on 7000 h annual operation time1 - ~~11 Table 5.5 Im.pact to Environment at Different Phase of Low Concentration SO: Control Project in Benxi Power Plant Potential Construction Stage Operation Stage Impact Area -Negative No Positive Negative No Positive Impact Impact Impact Impact Impact Impact S02 TSP Water Resources Soil v _ noise: _ _ site short terms impact far from 1 I I si.te 1~. Social Sstructure:|l l=|| Itbemolition | Employment 1 IHousing _ _ v 1 v 6. The Comparison and Analysis of the Alternatives 6.1 Introduction for Several Kinds of Smoke Desulpurization Process There are three kinds desulphurization processes for power plant smoke in the world. The first is limestone-gypsum wet method process; the second is rotary spraying dry method process and the third is calcium spray in the furnace ( or additional activation at the end) process. 1) Limestone - Gypsum Wet Method Process This is a common and experienced process which adopt the thick liquid of limestone powder as a absorbent. It can remove the SO, by getting in touch with the smoke in the adsorption tower. The' Process is that the smoke from the boiler will go through the JVW dust collector then into adsorption tower after cooling, the 12 adsorption thick liquid made of limestone powder will put Anto adseorticn to'rr at tihe eampe ti!e. The series chemical reactions will hmr' happerned in thi' adsorption tower, the SO- in the gas phase will be reacted with linre and into the liquidphase, then the desulphurized smoke will go throuah the d&fog device, heating device and exhausting fan and chinney to discharge to the air. The- ratio of calciur and sulphur is lnwer and not exceed 1.2 because of the large qtinntity adsor-bent recycling and tcuiching with smoke. The sulphur removal ef!iciency of this process is over 90%. 2) Rotary Spraying Dry Method Process This process adopts the lime white as a adsorbent which made of second or primary class slaked sr.all pieces calcium lim.e and slaked lime powder. The smoke.entered the adsorptton tower will get in touch with lim.e white that atomized by a centrifuged atom.izer, the strong chemical and physical reaction will be happened; on the one s-de, the sm.oke will be cooled. the water of adsorbent will be vapoured; on the other side, the calcium. hydroxide will react with SO. to generate the calcium sulphite which state is solid powder, the smoke after desulphurizing will go through the dust collector and be ex:hausted by a exhaust fan to past the chimney then to the air. This technology has developed rapidly s4nce 1980's and widespread used, it has the advantage of experienced technology, simple process and relieble operation. desulphurization efficiency -s over 80%. 3) Calcium Spraying in Furnace Plus End Activation Process .H-ost of this process adopt the l-i-estone powder as a adsorbLnt, but so-e adopt the line as adsorb.-rt. The d.su',k,uriation efficiency -f this proc-ss is low. ncrn=.zi.y arut 5051, th-refore, in order to raise -he desulphurizatfon efflciency an! based on th;e calciu. apraying in the furnace .hE- activari-n derice is .nstalled at the s=cke- ;Ipe end of hh-i --ni-r, -hl^h -a- -ray the water to the furnace end wat-r cAn co.bine with ralciur ri. unreacted in the snoke to form calciu- wvdr^---ct; hich -hen th- react with 'C- to remove it. The desulphurizatior f.fi-ier.c. of this process is 70-80%, product is sclid, t- s.'.-e at--r desulphurization will go through the' dust cc.'lector and be exhausted by a exhaust fan to past a chimney to the air. 6.2 Selection of the Desulphurization Process Based on the fact of that heat and power supply are in shortage, the lonc tiroe stop operation is not perritted and the site is li..ited tco. After comparison of the alternat;'ies and site conditions, it can be seen: ; tIh-e are- f h.is th ler can not f!t th- space that we'-.thod Process needed; 2! the land occupy of The Furnace rel2i_j,n ,-rayin.g Procers i- not ~arw-. but it is al'F- s;e as the Spraying Pry 'I--th-I if ph3s the activation system out of the boiler body. Besides. this process not only need to renew the boiler but it's desulphurization efficiency is closely related to limestone characteristic, burning temperature in the furnace and selection of location of limestone powder spray nozzle. The spraying of limestone powder impacts the burning, slag feather and dust content of smoke, therefore, under the condition of shortage of heat and power supply, the Furnace Calcium Spraying Process is not available in the short terms. 3) The Spraying Dry Method Process is simple, easy to handle and which already has the successful operation experience in China. Therefore, the Spraying Dry Method Process is recommended according to the comprehensive comparison of technology, economic and site conditions. 7. Plan of Mitioatina Neaative Imnact on the Environment In order to mitigate the negative impact on the environment during the project construction and operation, the following recommendations was given: 1) To reduce the pollution of noise during the construction, select the low noise process and equipment. The measurement of noise eliminatios and sound insulation should be provided during the operation of work to cut down the harmful impact to the operators. ) To use sealed tank to transport the slaked lime to prevent the slaked 'i.e powder spread out during it's loading and unlnading. 3) During the operation , choosing the fuel structure according to the season and clim.ate conditions; to choose the high sulphur content coal -during the summer time because ol the good air spread condition; to choose the high quality coal which sulphur content is lower during the winter time because of the bad air spread condition in order to reduce the pollution of SO.. 4) To level the road surface for transportation, plan trees and grass on the two sides of the road to reduce the dust generated by transportation. 5) To set up the Plan of maintenance for various type pump to prevent overflow and leakage of pumps. 8. Environmental Manacement and Staff Trainina it is recommended that one director of Benxi Power Plant shall be responsible For environr.ental management of Low Concentration SO- Control Project. The Environmental Protection Division shall be set up and five sections shall be under the lead of it, they are: Environmental Manaaement, Environmental - rEgineering, 14 Environrental Monitoring, Environnental 2andprecIning, Environ.ertR-l Education. The Environmental Protection DNvision should be responsible for the environmental compre-hensive manag-er e-t of the whole Plant, the responsibilities of each section is shown as following: 1) Environmental Managemnent establish the environmental management regulations establish the environmental protection plan carry out technical measurement for environmental protection -peration management for environmental protection equip-.ent investigation for pollution factors issue the licenses for waste discharging waste discharging tariff disposal of environmental accidents 2) Environmental Engineering - organize and coodinate the e!:amination and acceptance of installation and operation of the environmental protection engineering, responsible for the routine maintenance of the environmental protectior. facilities. 3) Environmental Monitoring - responsib'le fcr the routine. environmental quality monitoring within the jurisdiction. 4) Environmental Landgreening-responsible for landgreen.ng. beautifying the factory area and routine managenent. 5) Environrental Education - responsible for the propagation and education of environmental protection to personnel of the plant to raise the environnent protectior. consciousness of individual. The env'ironmental protection organization related to th. prcject is shown in Table 8.1. The staff, content. time and location of training w.ll be determined after discussing between LUCRPO. municipal project office, director in charge and Environmental Protection Division of the plant. 15 Table 8. I Environmenta2 Management organization of Low Concentration SO. Control Projeot in Benxi Power Plant |Director in cr.arge of| Environmental Protection Environmental Protecetion Division | vntironmental Environmental Education l Management 1 Environmnental Enironmental Landgrening EngineeringJ ;FZnvironmental | Monitoringl 9. Environmental Monitorin adSupervision Plan The Environmental Monitoring Station of Benxi Power Plant will be responsible for the environmental monitoring. Air Monitoring Plan: Monitoring Location: Within Power Plant in Pingshan district 3nitoring Parameters: SO., TSP, NO-, dustfall Monitoring Frequency: once every season. 3 days each time, 6 samples everyday; dustfall once every month, TSP once everyday. Monitoring Plan for Pollution Source: Monitoring Location: at the smoke outlet of electrical dust collector. Monitoring Parameters: SO. TSP, NO. (random. sampling) 10. Involvement of Affected Groups and Nongovernmental * Oraanizations As the serious environmental pollution, the health and life of the residents in Benxi have been endangered, so the appeal and reports, even the complaint and protest have come from the various aspects of the public. According to the uncompleted statistic, The complaint letters concerned about environmental 3J . . ~~~~~16 pollutrin have achieved 2732 T1c. at tbc* last 12 years, the most lctters were concerned ahout air pollution, the detail is shown in Table 10.1. At the Fifth Meeting of the Seventh Municipal People's Political Consultative Conference in 1992, No.185 comnmittee membber, Mr. Zhao Fushen raised proposal of "continue to rtrength the management of environn.ental protection control, to achieve a distinct success" which raised the SO. pollution caused by low concentration SO. discharging by Benxi 'Power Plant, so this Low Concentration SO2 Control Project is the one of projects which are planned to resolve the above mentioned problem. for environmental pollution. In order to protect the people's rights and respect the master position of the people. the investigation of people's opinions for this project was undertaken for the part residents of Pingshan district during the project preparation period to invest the public attitudes and acceptable degree for this project, the results is shown in Table 10.2. The data in Table 10.2 shows that the personnel of different occupations support this project 100%. Table 10.1 Comnpliance letters over the years in Benxi r Year Total No. of Waste Waste 1 Noise ! Otherl Compliance air water | 80 °6 31 16 } 48 e81 11'3 41 52 l i 82 131 47 1.23 1 El6 83 94 3 37 1 41 ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ I .__ _ I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 162 . 60 1 *1 72 1 . 85 T s-; 1 ~~ ~~45 l 78 l 85 r 1 I 30 7 86 1 Si T 3S Co 87 16 Q 64 0 1 6ea Es8 204 1 t 28 I T 1 89 li t^' I ?4 | . 19 1 5 Es I :? __ ! __ Ic __ I I | I t i~ i I 1 * I cs I t ~ ~ I i I , t co § cr t -^g2 t 14 1 -, t IT:otal T s-n 59n I, -8 -. Table 10.2 Investigation Results of public Opinion ford Low Concentration SO. Control Project of Benxi Power Plant flumber occupation and number of age - Add- persons tech. cadre teacher worker reui- ross staff dent 18 - 60 Ping- 180 years 35 25 30 50 30 shan personm old dist. results agree 35 25 30 50 30 of- -- inves- object 0 0 0 0 0 tiga-- -- tion No reaction ' of agreed persons 100 100 100 100 100 Main Reference Literature and Information 1) The World Bank Operational Manual OD 4.00 - Annex A, October 1989 2) Memo. of World Bank Mission for China Liaoning Environmental Protection Project Preparation 3) Policy Directive for China Science and Technology - Technical Policy for Environmental Protection 4) Environmental Quality Annual Report of Benxi (1991) 5) China Big Encyclopedia 6) Environmental Protection Standards Manual 7) Feasibility Study Report of Low Concentration SO- Control Project of Benxi Power Plant . 18 Attached Table I Air Quality Standard (GB3095-82) IJame concentration lirnited level mg/normal m.3 of- Pollutant sampling time II class III class daily average 0.30 0.50 T.S.P random once 1.00 1.50 annual daily 0.06 0.10 average S02 daily average 0.15 0.25 random once 0.50 0.70 NOx. daily average 0.10 | 0.15 random once 0.15 0.30 co COdaily average 4.00 6.00 |randon. once 10.00 | 20.00 19