83992 IMPLEMENTING THE Poznan Strategic and Long-Term Programs on Technology Transfer Foreword Dr. Naoko Ishii CEO and Chairperson Global Environment Facility Technology transfer plays an increasingly critical role in an In response to a Bali UNFCCC conference decision from effective global response to climate change and other 2007, the GEF launched the Poznan Strategic Program on environmental challenges. Promoting the transfer of Technology Transfer in 2008. This program supports environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) and best the following activities: (i) Conduct technology needs practices to developing and transition countries is a key assessments; (ii) Support pilot priority technology priority for all countries—developed as well as developing— projects linked to technology needs assessments; that seek to mitigate climate change impacts and and (iii) Disseminate GEF experience and successfully build resilience. demonstrated ESTs. Technology transfer is embedded in the fabric of the Parties welcomed the Poznan Strategic Program, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate and also requested the GEF to consider its long-term Change (UNFCCC). Parties agreed in 2010 at the Cancun implementation. The Long-Term Program on Technology climate change conference to establish and Transfer was developed and submitted to the Cancun operationalize a Technology Mechanism within the climate change conference in 2010. It seeks to scale up Convention. Its aim is to facilitate the implementation of technology transfer activities supported under the enhanced action on technology development and original Poznan Program. This Long-Term Program transfer in order to support action on mitigation and includes the following elements: (i) Support for climate adaptation to climate change. technology centers and a climate technology network; (ii) Piloting priority technology projects to foster The Global Environment Facility (GEF) is one of the innovation and investments; (iii) Public-private partnership entities entrusted to provide financial resources to assist for technology transfer; (iv) Technology needs developing and transition countries in implementing the assessments; and (v) GEF as a catalytic supporting UNFCCC. The GEF helps to catalyze the transfer of institution for technology transfer. climate-friendly ESTs to meet a broad variety of development priorities in a country-driven manner. In GEF-5 (2010 to 2014), we have intensified our efforts to promote innovation and technology transfer. The GEF The GEF supports piloting of innovative approaches and is making longer-term investments needed to scale up fosters adoption of technologies and practices, through the effort towards transformative change. The GEF is also the removal of policy, regulatory, and technical barriers. ready to continue to support the operationalization and The GEF support encompasses energy efficiency, activities of the Climate Technology Center and Network renewable energy, sustainable transport, and sustainable for Technology Transfer under the Convention, in line management of land use, land-use change, and forestry with GEF procedures. The GEF is providing funding (LULUCF). The GEF also supports technology transfer for for technology needs assessments and other enabling adaptation in areas such as water resource management, activities. This brochure provides a snapshot of our agriculture, and early warning systems. approach to date on promoting technology transfer, with new insights. Updates on the original Poznan Program The GEF has allocated US$3.6 billion to support climate and the Long-Term Program are also featured. change mitigation activities in developing and transition countries and has leveraged $23.7 billion in additional I hope this brochure will inspire you to enhance your co-financing. Significant resources have also been engagement in climate technology transfer and allocated to adaptation technology transfer. Today, the innovation, to move towards sustainable development GEF is a leading public-sector funding source for the with the GEF as your partner of choice. transfer of ESTs, supporting technology transfer activities in almost 168 developing and transition countries. Implementing the Poznan Strategic and Long-Term Programs on Technology Transfer 1 Introduction: Technology Transfer and GEF Support What is technology transfer and why is it important? Developing, demonstrating, deploying, and diffusing environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) are critical activities on a path toward an effective global response to environmental challenges. Technology is especially cen- tral to the climate change challenge. In combination with the choices we make individually and the policy instru- ments that may influence these choices, technology deter- mines the amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) we emit, how we can reduce these emissions, and how we can adapt to climate change impacts we cannot avoid. In essence, technology and its transfer serve as both the basis and catalyst for a global shift toward low-carbon development. Simply put, the global climate change chal- lenge cannot be addressed without technology transfer. The transfer of ESTs and know-how, as enshrined in Article 4.5 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), is one of the key means to reduce (or slow the growth in) GHG emissions and to 1 stabilize their concentrations. Also, technological change has the potential to significantly reduce the cost of options to meet the climate change goals. Technology transfer creates opportunities for economic growth: 1 Article 4.5 of the Convention states: “The developed country Parties and other developed Parties included in Annex II shall take all practicable steps to promote, facilitate and finance, as appropriate, the transfer of, or access to, environmentally sound technologies and know-how to other Parties, particularly developing country Parties, to enable them to implement the provisions of the Convention.” 2 The Global Environment Facility innovation is a foundation for industrial development, helping to create or expand markets for products and services, and generating jobs. box A Technology Transfer Definition The objective of this brochure is to present an updated While there are many definitions of technology transfer, the description of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) support GEF has adopted the concept of technology transfer as to technology transfer and of the implementation status of the defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Poznan and the Long-Term Programs on technology transfer. (IPCC) and embodied in the UNFCCC technology transfer framework. Technology transfer is defined as: … a broad set of processes covering the flows of know-how, What role does the GEF play experience and equipment for mitigating and adapting to in technology transfer? climate change amongst different stakeholders such as governments, private sector entities, financial institutions, non-governmental organization (NGOs) and research/ As an operating entity of the financial mechanism of the education institutions… UNFCCC, the GEF has a mandate to finance the transfer of ESTs in the context of both mitigation and adaptation, …the broad and inclusive term “transfer” encompasses with ongoing guidance from the Conference of the Parties diffusion of technologies and technology cooperation across (COP). The GEF Trust Fund is primarily programmed to and within countries. It covers technology transfer processes support mitigation measures. The GEF’s climate change between developed countries, developing countries and strategy under GEF-5 (2010–2014) focuses, as a whole, on countries with economies in transition, amongst developed promoting technology transfer at various stages of the countries, amongst developing countries, and amongst technology development cycle, from demonstration of countries with economies in transition. It comprises the innovative emerging low-carbon technologies to diffusion process of learning to understand, utilize and replicate the of commercially proven environmentally sound technolo- technology, including the capacity to choose and adapt to gies (ESTs) and practices. The GEF also manages two spe- cial funds under the UNFCCC that each address local conditions and integrate it with indigenous technologies adaptation: the Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF) and (Metz et al. 2001).1 the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF). The SCCF has as one of its primary aims the transfer of ESTs to This definition includes a wide range of activities and extends developing countries—for adaptation and mitigation. to a broad array of institutions. The COP established the The LDCF also supports technology transfer that relates Expert Group on Technology Transfer (EGTT) under the to urgent and immediate adaptation needs. Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA), which defined the following five-part framework for During the first two years of GEF-5 (2010–2012), the GEF meaningful and effective actions to enhance the implementation has invested more than US$1 billion to help pilot priority of technology transfer: technology needs and needs technology projects fostering innovation and leveraged assessments; technology information; enabling environment; investments. 85 projects under the GEF Trust fund were capacity building; and mechanisms for technology transfer. Implementing the Poznan Strategic and Long-Term Programs on Technology Transfer 3 approved, with $835.6 million of GEF funding and The GEF experiences leading up to GEF-4 had generated $5.9 billion in co-financing. Among these, 19 projects the following observations about technology transfer to address the promotion and transfer of innovative low-carbon inform subsequent programming: technologies, while 66 aim at market transformation, which n Technology is transferred primarily through markets, lays the groundwork and encourages uptake of specific and barriers to the efficient operation of those mar- technologies. Through its management of the LDCF and kets must be removed systematically; SCCF, the GEF has also approved 60 projects to date with n Technology transfer is not a single event or activity either a focus or distinct components on transferring but a long-term engagement, during which technology, out of 117 adaptation projects totaling partnerships and cooperation, often requiring $479.5 million of GEF funding. time to develop and mature, are mandatory for the successful development, transfer, and dissemination The GEF ‘s strategic approach to technology transfer is reg- of technologies; and ularly examined and modified, as appropriate, to improve n Technology transfer requires a comprehensive its effectiveness and scope in response to changing needs approach, incorporating capacity building at all and funding levels. The GEF’s programming in climate relevant levels. change and its support for technology transfer have evolved from the GEF’s early pilot phase (1991–1994) to These observations provided important insights into GEF-5 (2010–2014), as shown in Figure 1. Establishment of developing a strategic program on technology transfer, enabling policy environments is of importance to the GEF’s which is described in the next section. work in funding pilot technology and investment projects. The GEF works with countries to build legal and regulatory Under GEF-5 (2010–2014), the pledged funding level for landscapes that actively encourage the adoption of cli- the climate change mitigation program has expanded to mate-friendly technologies and practices (a key step toward approximately $1.4 billion, and the climate change strat- transforming markets). Ongoing commitments by the GEF egy embraces technology transfer as a priority, with the and its partners help countries further integrate newly entire portfolio supporting it directly or indirectly. The demonstrated technologies into their wider economies— GEF-5 programming is also described in this document. another element for successful technology transfer. Energy Efficiency (EE) Renewable Energy (RE) Transport/Urban Land Use Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) & SFM/REDD+ Technology Trans Figure 1 GEF financing in climate change from pilot phase to the middle of GEF-5 (GEF 2012b*) $1,000,000,000 $800,000,000 GEF financing $600,000,000 $400,000,000 $200,000,000 $0 Pilot Phase GEF-1 GEF-2 GEF-3 GEF-4 GEF-5* (1991–94) (1994–98) (1998–02) (2002–06) (2006–10) (2010–14) Energy Efficiency Renewable Energy Land Use Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) & SFM/REDD+ Transport/Urban Technology Transfer/innovative Mixed and others low-carbon technologies Enabling Activities Small Grants Program *For GEF-5, the figures only account for half of the 4-year phase 4 The Global Environment Facility Safe maintenance of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-free energy efficient cooling system in the Russian Federation as part of the Poznan Strategic Program on Technology Transfer pilot project, implemented by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). From the Poznan Strategic Program on Technology Transfer to the Long-Term Program on Technology Transfer In November 2008, the GEF Council and the LDCF/SCCF Council approved the new Strategic Program on Technology Transfer. This Program was developed in response to the 13th Conference of the Parties (COP 13) to the UNFCCC Decision 4/CP.13, which requested the GEF to elaborate a strategic program for scaling up investment in technology transfer to help developing countries address their needs for ESTs. The 14th Session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 14) in 2008 welcomed the GEF’s Strategic Program on Technology Transfer, renaming it the Poznan Strategic Program on Technology Transfer in its Decision 2/CP.14. The Poznan Strategic Program established the following three funding windows within the GEF in support of technology transfer: n Conduct Technology Needs Assessments (TNAs); n Pilotpriority technology projects linked to TNAs; and n Disseminate GEF experience and successfully demonstrated ESTs. Implementing the Poznan Strategic and Long-Term Programs on Technology Transfer 5 The total funding level for the Poznan Strategic Program Three of these elements (piloting projects, TNAs, and the was $50 million, including $35 million from the GEF Trust last one on outreach) are a direct continuation and scaling Fund from GEF-4 and $15 million from the SCCF. up of the initial Poznan Strategic Program. The other two elements (support for Climate Technology Centers and Parties also requested the GEF (through Decision 2/CP.14) Networks and PPP) are new, underlining the continuous to consider the long-term implementation of the strategic effort by the GEF to find innovative ways to support program. In response, the GEF then submitted a Long- greater technology transfer and to respond to COP Term Program on Technology Transfer to COP 16. The GEF guidance. The total funding level of the GEF in line with submission included the following elements to further scale the Long-Term Program on Technology Transfer reaches up investment in ESTs in developing countries that were close to $1 billion, including $827.8 million from the GEF also consistent with its GEF-5 climate change strategy: Trust Fund from GEF-5 and $240 million from the LDCF and the SCCF (including $168 million from the LDCF, n Support for climate technology centers and a climate $71 million from the SCCF). technology network; n Piloting priority technology projects to foster The following sections present the activities undertaken innovation and investments; on each of these five elements under both the Poznan n Public-private partnerships (PPPs) for technology Strategic Program and the Long-Term Program on transfer; Technology Transfer. n Technology needs assessments (tnas); and n GEF as a catalytic supporting institution for technology transfer. 6 The Global Environment Facility Figure 2 COUNTRIES PARTICIPATING IN the Poznan Strategic Program and the Long-Term Program on Technology Transfer ECA Region Russian Federation HCFC Phase-out and HFC-free, Energy Efficiency Belarus AC & Refrigeration (UNIDO) Ukraine Bosnia-herzegovina Moldova Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Mongolia Serbia Uzbekistan Albania Georgia Kyrgyz Repub. Turkey Afghanistan China Lebanon Nepal Green Truck Demonstration Morocco (World Bank) Senegal Egypt Jordan Pakistan Mexico Typha-based Bhutan Local Wind Thermal Insulation Mauritania Jordan Lao PDR Thailand Cuba LAC Bangladesh Technologies (IDB) Production (UNDP) Sudan Irrigation Technology South-South TechnologyTransfer: Belize Haiti Region Pilot (IFAD) Ethanol from Cassava (UNIDO) Mali Niger India Senegal Vietnam AP Guatemala Dom. Rep. Djibouti Honduras Burkina Faso Nigeria Thailand Region El Salvador Ethiopia Liberia Kenya Cambodia Cambodia Costa R ica Guyana Ghana Benin SolarChill Agricultural Residue Sierra Leone Uganda Sri Lanka Colombia Commercialization Malaysia Biomass to Energy (UNIDO) Suriname Côte d'Ivoire Cameroon Sri Lanka Colombia Togo Kenya & Transfer Côte d'Ivoire Bamboo Processing Ecuador SolarChill Central African Republic (UNEP) Solid Waste Composting (UNIDO) Indonesia Commercialization Rwanda & Transfer (UNEP) Unit (AfDB) Sao Tome Congo Dr Tanzania Maldives Peru Brazil & Principe Comoros Timor Leste Malawi AFR Zambia Region Bolivia LAC Zimbabwe Region Mozambique Mauritius Chile South Africa Local Solar Technologies (IDB) Lesotho Swaziland Uruguay SolarChill Commercialization Argenti na & Transfer (UNEP) Global TNA PROJECT (36) Abbreviations POZNAN PROGRAM PILOT PROJECTS (11) ECA Europe and Central Asia AFR Africa AP Asia and the Pacific Long-Term Program Technology Projects LAC Latin America and the Caribbean Implementing the Poznan Strategic and Long-Term Programs on Technology Transfer Adaptation (57) Mitigation (85) 7 Technology Needs Assessments A TNA is a country-driven activity to assist in identifying and analyzing priority technology needs for mitigating and adapting to climate change, particularly in developing countries. Such analysis can form the basis for developing portfolios of EST projects and programs that will facilitate the transfer of both technologies and know-how, in accor- dance with Article 4.5 of the Convention. The TNAs also offer an opportunity, under both the Poznan and the Long-Term Programs, to track evolving needs for new equipment, techniques, knowledge, and skills for mitigating GHG emissions and for reducing vul- nerability to climate change. The goal of this GEF- supported global program is to enable all parties to go beyond identifying technology needs to developing national technology action plans (TAPs) for prioritized technologies that reduce GHG emissions, support adapta- tion to climate change, and are consistent with national development objectives. TNA support within the Poznan Strategic Program This GEF-supported TNA project is executed and implemented by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The project concept was approved in April 2009 and launched in November 2009 as part of the Poznan Strategic Program. Its expected completion has been extended to April 2013 to enable all or most of the countries to complete their assessments and to deliver their outputs. The GEF funding for the project is 8 The Global Environment Facility $9 million (SCCF funding), with co-financing adding the workshops was to build the capacity of country teams approximately $2.85 million. to conduct high-quality TNAs. Topics covered included: methodology and tools for prioritization of technologies; The project has the following three components: multi-criteria analysis; financial assessments of technolo- gies; and facilitation of effective stakeholder consultation. n Support the development of TNAs in 36 developing countries or, where these have already been pre- The updated TNA Handbook, published by the United pared, make the TNAs more strategic and useful in Nations Development Programme (UNDP), has been an operational sense; shared with country teams and is being used as the basic n Develop appropriate decision-support tools and pro- resource document on a general methodology for sector vide the technology information needed for prepara- prioritization. A new guidebook on how to perform bar- tion of TNAs and TAPs; and rier analysis and develop enabling frameworks has also n Establish a mechanism that facilitates cooperative been developed to supplement the TNA Handbook. A sharing of TNA and TAP experiences, thereby foster- draft version of the Handbook was used for first-round ing implementation of identified measures. countries and, based on this experience, a final hand- book was published in January 2012. The project uses the methodologies described in the updated TNA Handbook, as indicated in COP decision The project published other materials on TNA practice. 2/CP.14. Simultaneously, it is receiving feedback through Three guidebooks on adaptation TNAs and three on miti- an iterative process involving project partners to fine tune gation in different sectors were developed and published. these methodologies. Another guidebook on mitigation in the building sector was released in August 2012. Also, two finance guide- Thirty-six countries are participating in the TNA project: books, one for mitigation projects and one for adaptation projects, were published in July 2012, and have been n Africa (11): Cote d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Ghana, widely disseminated at the Experience Sharing Workshop Mali, Morocco, Mauritius, Rwanda, Senegal, Sudan, in Bangkok, Thailand in September 2012. Zambia; n Asia and Europe (15): Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, A series of case studies titled “Technology Transfer Bhutan, Cambodia, Georgia, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Perspectives”, illustrating technology for adaptation and for Lao PDR, Lebanon, Moldova, Mongolia, Nepal, Sri renewable energy, was first published in November 2011. Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; and n Latin America and the Caribbean (10): Argentina, The above mentioned publications are available from the Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican project website, http://www.tech-action.org. Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Peru. The first project newsletter (“TNA Newsletter”), aimed at Draft TNA reports were submitted by 12 countries in 2011 keeping countries and other stakeholders informed of the (Bangladesh, Cambodia, Costa Rica, Cote d’Ivoire, project’s progress and at sharing experiences, was pub- Georgia, Indonesia, Mali, Morocco, Peru, Senegal, lished in June 2011. The second newsletter was released Thailand, and Vietnam). The TAPs were submitted by six in October 2011; the third in November 2011 (which was countries (Costa Rica, Cote d’Ivoire, Indonesia, Morocco, distributed at COP 17); and the fourth in May 2012. Mali, and Thailand). The TNAs and TAPs are recognized as contributing to existing national policies, plans, and strate- Experience so far shows that: gies, including Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions n High-level political support is crucial for TNA imple- (NAMAs), low-carbon development strategies, and the mentation and sustained momentum against a back- Millennium Development Goals. Linkages between the drop of often competing initiatives in many TNA Project and other reporting activities under the countries; in addition, regular project updates deliv- UNFCCC, such as National Communications, have also ered to political and technical actors are needed to been strengthened. increase political buy-in. n Stakeholder engagement and commitment to Building on a foundation established in many countries, the TNA process tends to be high when there is a technical support for carrying out TNAs is underway. Two strong signal from donors regarding the availability rounds of regional capacity-building workshops for coun- of financing for the TAP, National Adaptation tries were held between September 2010 and February Programme of Action (NAPA), and NAMA or 2012 in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The objective of for prioritized technologies. Implementing the Poznan Strategic and Long-Term Programs on Technology Transfer 9 outputs are a technology strategy and action plans to improve the whole system in the country concerned, including overcoming barriers in all parts of the system, as well as insight into the capacity needs in the country concerned for adoption of technologies for low emission and low vulnerability pathways. • The Handbook also suggests a structure for reporting on the overall assessment. Figure 3 TNA Handbook and Assessment Process (UNDP 2010) figure 1-2. Key sTePs in The Process envisioned in This hAndbooK HANDBOOK FOR CONDUCTING Technology Overall goal Needs Assessment for Climate Change Identification of technology options to support low emission and low vulnerability pathways Total duration: 8 - 24 months, depending on resources Organization Development Prioritizing Technology Constructing A national of assessment priorities (sub)sectors prioritization a National strategy and Strategy and action plan action Plan to accelerate technology innovation for development and climate objectives Decide National Understand Initially identify Identify Clarify Team structure country´s (sub) sectors technologies, objectives and Input to development including establish key country climate Organize priorities Assess (sub) familiarization milestones change and stakeholder sectors using development involvement Discuss development Assess Identify plans implications as well as technologies measures Develop a work of climate mitigation and through multi to develop Accelerated plan change for adaptation criteria decision capacities project development priorities analysis and enabling technology priorities frameworks for transfer Finalize Make final innovation programs Cluster short list of decisions development prioritized (sub) Compile national Input for priorities sectors strategy and capacity Action Plan for development for acceleration innovation for of technology mitigation and development adaptation and transfer Supporting tools: TNAssess & Climate TechWiki 8 Technology needs AssessmenT for climATe chAnge Source: http://unfccc.int/ttclear/jsp/TNAHandbook.jsp n Effortsshould continue to explore and take catalyze investments in technology transfer. The GEF is advantage of synergies between TNA-TAP processes, ready to support additional TNAs focusing on low- and on one hand, and existing efforts in countries such as medium-income countries, taking into consideration NAMAs, National Communications, and specific lessons learned from the ongoing Poznan-supported technology transfer projects on the other, while TNA project implemented by UNEP. Countries that wish reaching out to new initiatives such as the Climate to develop more in-depth and extensive analysis to Technology Center and Network of the UNFCCC. facilitate technology transfer have been invited to do so n Creating an efficient mechanism delivering highly under their GEF national resource allocation. As an targeted information about real funding illustration of such support, the GEF Council approved opportunities linked to prioritized technologies in February 2012 an innovative project in India that is essential. combines a National Communication, a Biannual Update Report, and a TNA. The project will be implemented by UNDP. In a similar spirit of innovation, a large-scale TNA project in China implemented by the TNA support within the World Bank was endorsed by the GEF CEO in 2012. Long-Term Program This project combines extensive sectoral TNAs with pilot implementation and monitoring of activities targeting prioritized climate technologies, particularly The project approach of the TNA global project in energy efficiency. Going beyond technology implemented by UNEP complements and is compatible identification, the project will pursue pilot activities to with individual country-level TNA projects outside the operationalize key assessment findings. Specifically, Poznan Program. The progress achieved under the programs that target and reduce barriers to diffusion of Poznan Strategic Program in developing TNAs has priority technologies will be designed and potentially highlighted the need to go beyond current practices to launched on a pilot basis. 10 The Global Environment Facility Piloting Priority Technology Projects to Foster Innovation and Investments Technology Transfer Pilot Projects within the Poznan Strategic Program Within the Poznan Strategic Program on Technology Transfer, a GEF funding window was created to finance pilot projects that support the deployment, diffusion, and transfer of technologies that are identified as national pri- orities through different means, including TNAs, National Communications, and others. The GEF organized a call for proposals for technology transfer pilot projects. In addition to the standard crite- ria for evaluating GEF climate change projects, the call for proposals placed emphasis on, among other things: consistency of targeted technology with national priori- ties; innovative technologies and mechanisms for tech- nology transfer; highly leveraged projects, including investments from both the public and the private sector; and South-South technology transfer and international collaborative projects. Fourteen proposals were selected out of 39 submissions, covering 16 countries supported by six GEF Agencies. The selected projects are summarized in Table 1. During the call for proposals, only one adaptation proposal was received. This proposal was funded, along with other proposals that include adaptation elements. Total GEF Implementing the Poznan Strategic and Long-Term Programs on Technology Transfer 11 Trust Fund and SCCF-B2 funding for the 14 pilot projects Cambodia—Utilizing Agricultural Residues amounts to $58 million. Co-financing for these projects for Power Generation totals more than $195 million. Project Title: Climate Change Related Technology Transfer for Cambodia: The diverse technologies targeted by these projects Using Agricultural Residue address both mitigation and adaptation. The projects Biomass for Sustainable Energy address the following fields: Solutions GEF Agency: UNIDO n Renewable energy: solar, biomass, and wind GEF Financing: $1,947,000 n Energy efficiency: construction and insulation materials, such as bamboo and typha; both efficient Co-financing: $4,565,000 total and hydrofluorocarbon-free appliances Public Sector: $565,000 n Transport: green trucks Private Sector: $4,000,000 n Waste management: solid waste composting for Dates of Implementation: 2011–2015 energy recovery n Water management: membrane drip irrigation. Project overview As of August 2012, GEF Agencies charged with imple- Cambodia has significant potential biomass energy menting the technology transfer pilots have reported resources from agricultural residues, including rice husk, progress in project development and implementation: rice straw, palm oil extraction waste, and cashew nut shells, in addition to standing biomass resources. The esti- n Nine projects have been endorsed by the GEF CEO mated potential energy generation from waste biomass is and are progressing in project implementation. substantial, at nearly 19,000 gigawatt hour (GWh) per year. n One project is undergoing preparation for CEO As Cambodia is dependent on imported fossil fuel, a endorsement by the GEF Agency and by the country strategy that combines energy efficiency with low carbon official. alternative technologies offers a comprehensive solution n One project was re-submitted by another Agency, for the country to achieve the twin goals of energy secu- and was approved by the GEF Council in November rity and sustainable energy solutions. The importance of 2011. It is currently undergoing preparation for using locally available renewable sources of energy has endorsement by the GEF CEO. been recognized in Cambodia’s TNA, National n Three projects were cancelled upon request of the Communication, and national policy. GEF Agencies and/or of the concerned national government. The objective of this project is to bring about the transfer of sustainable, efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally Short descriptions of each pilot project are provided in friendly (low-carbon) agro-waste biomass energy systems to this publication, along with information on the projects’ replace fossil fuel-powered generators and boilers for power implementation status and experience gained up to and thermal energy applications. The project uses an inte- this stage. grated approach, combining interventions at the policy level, in the market place, and on the shop floor. Specific activities In addition to conferring a variety of benefits within each include: operation of two pilot biomass plants; capacity country, these pilot projects will enable the GEF to building and tool development for technology adaptation explore ways to strengthen the linkages between technol- and transfer; strengthening of the institutional framework; ogy needs, priority identification exercises, and project scaling up biomass technologies in Cambodia through development. Practical experience gained from these market creation; and establishment of policies and regula- projects should help all GEF partners move toward a more tory frameworks to ensure economic sustainability of tech- comprehensive strategy and toward more focused tech- nologies transferred. The following two technology options nology programming in the future. are being explored: n Replacement of small fossil fuel generators in an indus- trial estate/provincial town with biomass-based high efficiency electricity generators of 3–5 megawatt (MW) n Replacement of diesel oil with available biomass in existing industrial captive power generation systems 2 SCCF-B is the Technology Transfer window of the SCCF. based on combined heat and power cycle. 12 The Global Environment Facility Implementation status Specific objectives include: The project was endorsed by the GEF CEO in May 2012; its first phase is scheduled to conclude in 2012. n To promote transfer of technology, institutional strengthening, and capacity building in solar Observations on the project’s challenges reported by the GEF technology; Agency include: Cambodia faces a lack of competent local n To develop pilot projects using solar technologies for technology suppliers and after-sales servicers; a lack of under- both solar water heating and power generation; and standing by industry executives possessing surplus biomass of n To support the design of incentives, financial mecha- the economic and environmental potential for clean and green nisms, and a public awareness campaign to promote energy; insufficient technical capacity within both enterprises solar technology projects for both solar water heating and the market to identify, develop, and implement renewable and power generation. energy projects and measures; and financing and credit con- straints for associated private enterprises. Significant improve- The project aims to enhance the capabilities of domestic ments in biomass power generation technologies have taken solar water heater and photovoltaic (PV) panel manufac- place in the Asian region, particularly in India, China, Malaysia, turers, and to help implement concentrating solar power and Thailand. Cambodia can likely benefit from such improve- projects. It supports: ments through South-South technology transfer. n The installation of 100 m2 of solar collectors with an expected further development of 397,800 m2 of solar Chile—Local Solar Technology Development collectors for solar hot water units. for Heating and Power Generation n The installation of 300 kilowatts-peak (kWp) of solar PV systems with an expected further development of 3 MW. Project Title: Promotion and Development of n The installation of up to 5 MW of concentrated solar Local Solar Technologies in Chile power production with an expected further develop- GEF Agency: Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) ment of 30 MW. GEF Financing: $3,000,000 Co-financing: $31,750,000 total This project has the potential to reduce 136,996 tonnes of Public Sector: $31,750,000 direct carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2 eq) emissions over the next 20 years. The estimated total indirect emissions Private Sector: Expected: $30,000,000 (to be confirmed) foregone are 0.41 million tonnes (Mt) CO2 eq over 20 years. Dates of Implementation: 2012–2016 Implementation status Project overview The project was endorsed by the GEF CEO in June 2012. Northern Chile receives one of the highest concentrations The project is yet to be approvedl by the Inter-American of solar radiation in the world, with great potential for Development Bank (IDB). solar energy generation. Yet this potential has not been fully utilized, primarily due to limited availability of suit- able technologies and low levels of investment. Chile has China—Green Trucks for Cleaner and More relied on nearby countries for natural gas and oil to meet Efficient Freight Transport its increasing energy demand and to maintain its eco- Project Title: Green Truck Demonstration nomic growth. Against this backdrop, the country has Project recently taken steps to increase the use of renewable GEF Agency: World Bank energy in order to reduce its reliance on imported fossil fuels and to expand electricity service in rural areas. GEF Financing: $4,868,000 Co-financing: $9,770,000 The general objective of this project is to support the Public Sector: $2,365,000 Government of Chile and its National Energy Private Sector: $7,405,000 (estimated) Commission in developing a solar technology industry— for both solar water heating and electric power genera- Dates of Implementation: 2011–2015 tion. This is the first project in Chile to promote distributed generation with solar power applications Project overview installed in households, which promises to lower energy The transport sector is a major consumer of energy in China, losses from transmission. accounting for 30 percent of total crude oil consumption. It is Implementing the Poznan Strategic and Long-Term Programs on Technology Transfer 13 also a rapidly growing source of GHG emissions: transport- made available to participating carriers to enable them to based GHG emissions are expected to increase by almost purchase at least 150 new green trucks. Through licensing or 400 percent from 2004 to 2030 in China. The number of intellectual property rights transfer, local technology vendors trucks on the road is expected to increase six-fold by 2035 as or truck producers are expected to make available an addi- the demand for road freight transport is rapidly increasing. tional 1,000 new trucks. These technologies are expected to Fuel efficiency of freight transport is 30 percent lower than in lead to an average 20 percent reduction in fuel usage in advanced industrialized countries. These figures indicate that existing and new trucks. the freight transport sector has significant potential to improve fuel efficiency and reduce GHG emissions. The project will result in an estimated reduction of 9.6 Mt CO2 eq emissions over eight years. However, many cost-effective technologies available inter- nationally are not yet widely utilized in China for a number Implementation status of reasons. First, existing policies do little to create incen- The project was launched in October 2011 with a work- tives for the development of markets for innovative tech- shop organized in conjunction with the first international nologies designed to reduce energy consumption in the Green Freight Exhibition in Guangdong, China. Over 60 existing freight transport fleet. Second, few if any effi- policy makers, truck companies, and international ciency improvement are made in the new truck fleet due experts discussed how to maximize fuel savings through to limited incentives for the adopt of these newer technol- the project and make maximum use of existing interna- ogies. Finally, the clients of freight service providers tional experience. The selection and enrollment of eligi- remain unaware about the merits, cost savings, and ble technologies and participating truck carriers started potential for fuel efficiency improvement. in March 2012. The new technologies have also been demonstrated to potential investors. Consultation work- This project supports green truck demonstrations in shops and applications from truck carriers already show Guandong Province to accelerate the transfer and deploy- that certain types of technologies demonstrated under ment of clean technologies in the road freight sector, the Guangzhou pilot are being adopted by early adopt- thereby contributing to reducing GHG emissions and to ers among truck carriers in the Guangdong market. The improving air quality. Guangdong Province serves as the project experiences were also shared and disseminated focus for project activities because freight transport there at the China Green Freight Seminar in June 2012. These represents a very high share of overall fuel consumption, logistics pilots are linked to a national green logistics accounting for almost 80 percent of transport fuel use. The demonstration program led by the Ministry of Transport green truck technologies and practices for this project to ensure proper coordination of initiatives at the include: improved aerodynamics; improved tire systems; national level. The project achievements are showcased enhanced truck maintenance; driver training on fuel effi- in various major events inside and outside China. ciency; and improved logistics management. More than 150 old trucks are to be retrofitted with different types of green truck technologies verified under the United States Colombia, Kenya, and Swaziland—Harnessing Environmental Protection Agency Smartway Program, which Solar Power for Vaccines and Households has showcased environmentally cleaner, more fuel-efficient through SolarChill Refrigerators transportation options. Innovative financing mechanisms are Project Title: SolarChill Development, Testing, and Technology Transfer Outreach GEF Agency: UNEP GEF Financing: $2,841,300 Co-financing: $5,663,000 total Public Sector: $2,528,000 Private Sector: $1,435,000 Other: $1,700,000 Dates of Implementation: 2013–2018 Project overview SolarChill is an initiative that began in 2000 by a consortium of bi- and multi-lateral agencies, NGOs, and others that started to stimulate the development of vaccine refrigerators Installing aerodynamic technology Photo credit: World Bank 14 The Global Environment Facility based on certification standards required for World Health Organization Performance, Quality and Safety vaccine refrigerators. The reliability data generated will be critical to supporting awareness campaigns and to enabling gov- ernments and donors to start using the refrigerators. Second, the project will procure 15 SolarChill B models for each partner country to be demonstrated in industry shows and to be placed in businesses and other places for reliability modeling and marketing. Third, marketing and awareness-raising campaigns will be conducted to increase familiarity with the refrigerators, to stimulate market demand, and to pave the way for accelerated commercialization, production, and technology transfer. Finally, support will be provided to governments of coun- tries with refrigerator production capacity to develop and implement their hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) Phase- Out Management Plan (Swaziland and Colombia) by pro- moting the countries’ ability to undertake SolarChill production as an additional benefit of converting from SolarChill refrigerators fluorocarbons to hydrocarbons for use as refrigerants. Photo credit: SolarChill Partnership Implementation status that are environmentally sound, battery free, technologically This project was initially approved in response to the reliable, affordable, and multi-source powered. SolarChill Poznan Strategic Program on Technology Transfer with refrigerators address a number of problems posed by vac- the World Bank as the Implementing Agency. However, cine refrigerators fueled by kerosene and liquefied petro- the World Bank withdrew in 2010 from the project. The leum gas in terms of cost, reliability, and environmental project was then re-submitted by UNEP with the addition impacts. A third generation of SolarChill refrigerators is ready of Swaziland. The GEF Council approved the project in for large-scale testing, presenting a unique opportunity for November 2011. The request for endorsement by the GEF health ministries and clinics to benefit from the latest in solar- CEO is expected to be submitted by May 2013. powered refrigeration technology. This project aims to commercialize and transfer the Cote d’Ivoire—Reducing GHG Emissions with SolarChill vaccine refrigerator (SolarChill A) and to begin Integrated Municipal Waste Management the process of commercializing and transferring the Project Title: Construction of 1,000 Ton per Day SolarChill household and light commercial refrigerator Municipal Solid Waste Composting (SolarChill B). The goal is to provide product tests of Unit in Akouédo Abidjan meaningful scale to allow the technology to proceed to GEF Agency: African Development Bank (AfDB) the final stages of commercialization in two developing countries with potential for technology transfer to private- GEF Financing: $3,000,000 sector producers. The market potential for SolarChill A, Co-financing: $36,898,500 total which has recently been certified by the World Health Public Sector: $1,888,500 Organization, has been estimated at between 3,000 to Private Sector: $35,010,000 5,000 units annually. The demand for household and light Dates of Implementation: 2013–2016 commercial refrigerators is more significant for popula- tions not living near the electrical grid, and may be con- sidered as a more profitable product for companies Project overview considering the technology for production. Akouédo is the only landfill for the urban agglomeration of Abidjan. Since 1965, solid wastes have been dumped The project will consist of four activities. First, it will pro- here without any treatment or environmental safeguards. cure and distribute 200 SolarChill A refrigerator models in Once the wastes get to the site, they are simply spread each country that will be placed in clinics and monitored mechanically with a stampede of informal sorters. This to generate data verifying the refrigerators’ reliability. The uncontrolled open site poses serious health concerns to SolarChill A will then be subjected to rigorous testing the nearby population. Five million m3 of contaminated Implementing the Poznan Strategic and Long-Term Programs on Technology Transfer 15 water from the site presents risks to the water table and may be assessed as economically and financially attrac- the nearby lagoon. Biodegradable wastes are also a tive, potential investors still need sufficient facts and infor- source of GHG emissions. mation to make a final investment decision. The preparation phase is therefore an important step in estab- The objective of this project is to transfer technologies for lishing adequate documentation to appeal to financiers. sustainable integrated management of the municipal solid wastes by the construction of a municipal solid waste treat- ment plant, including an industrial composting unit, thus Jordan—Water and Energy Efficient reducing local pollution and contributing to GHG emission Irrigation that Accommodates Saline Water reduction and the fight against climate change. The project Project Title: dHRS Irrigation Technology Pilot is expected to help the country develop its capacity in Project to Face Climate Change waste treatment and build consensus on climate change Impacts mitigation technologies. Industrial treatment of municipal GEF Agency: International Fund for Agricultural solid wastes could help address concerns of GHG emis- Development (IFAD) sions through composting, and recovery of recyclable GEF Financing: $2,365,000 materials could create job opportunities. The project should also enable farmers to improve soils and crop pro- Co-financing: $5,516,000 total ductivity with compost and reduce use of chemical fertiliz- Public Sector: $4,100,000 ers. The main expected outputs include the following: Private Sector: $1,416,000 Dates of Implementation: 2012–2016 n Diagnosis of the current waste management system to serve as a basis for the formulation and adoption of integrated waste management and awareness Project overview raising plan; Jordan is one of the world’s most water-scarce countries. n Establishment of a sustainable waste collection Water scarcity is a leading constraint in the agriculture system and the capacity reinforcement of all actors sector, which is the main consumer of water. The climate involved in waste collection system; and in the region is predicted to become hotter and drier, in n Installation of a 3,000 tonnes/day municipal solid waste turn increasing the incidence of drought (IPCC 2007). The treatment plant including a 1,000 tonnes/day industrial ability of Jordan’s agriculture sector to adapt to increased composting unit, a waste fermentation storage pit, a water scarcity will be crucial for the country’s human devel- leachate treatment unit and a sanitary filling zone. opment and growth. The project is based on South-South industrial cooperation The objective of this project is to reduce vulnerability to with China to introduce municipal solid waste treatment climate change in Jordan’s agriculture sector, particularly and composting technology systems designed and applied in the area of water resources management, by piloting in China with proven efficiency for decades. The proposed efficient water-use technologies. The project focuses on integrated and sustainable waste management is a first of promoting a pro-poor and community-based approach to its kind in Cote d’Ivoire and in West Africa, and will serve as technology transfer by directly engaging farmers and local a basis for replication in the country and in the region. stakeholders in the installation, use, and maintenance of new technologies. Implementation status The preparation of the project is in its final stage. The project preparation faced significant challenges, as it coin- cided with a period of instability in the country, with changes in the political environment as well as in govern- ment priorities. Given the national situation, milestone extension requests were approved by the GEF CEO in September 2011 and in June 2012. The Implementing Agency has pledged to submit the CEO endorsement request by the end of 2012. Lessons learned during the preparation of this project provided insights on leveraging private financing. For this Water and energy efficient irrigation trial applications project, as with others, while the proposed investments Photo credit: duPont 16 The Global Environment Facility energy generation. Mexico’s strongest wind energy resource is found in a 3,000 km2 region known as La Ventosa, located in the State of Oaxaca. Initial data from an ongoing pilot plant in this region indicate that the average capacity factor for wind power plants in the region could exceed 30 percent, higher than average capacity factors of the majority of wind resource areas around the world. In order to tap this potential for wind energy, Mexico seeks to promote a local manufacturing base for wind Water and energy efficient irrigation in applications from Abu Dhabi (2009) Photo credit: dti-r turbines. This will address the needs of smaller devel- opments, such as one or two wind turbines for distrib- Climate change adaptation measures in the agriculture uted generation, and also address the limited sector, including conservation agriculture, improved availability of turbines on the international market for water-use efficiency, and water harvesting techniques, strong wind regions such as La Ventosa. Mexico have been identified in Jordan’s Second National already possesses most of the capacity required for Communication to the UNFCCC. The government has turbine manufacturing, albeit with varying degrees of shown strong commitment to this project, providing competitiveness. co-financing through the National Centre for Agricultural Research and Extension. This project supports Mexico’s drive to become a key player in the global wind energy market, expanding its Implementation status wind generation capacity by facilitating local develop- The project was endorsed by the GEF CEO in May 2011 ment and implementation of wind power installations. and has since begun implementation. The project provides support to develop a value chain for the domestic production of wind turbines adapted to local conditions. The project has the following activity Mexico—Developing a Value Chain for components: Domestic Wind Turbine Production n Design and specification of wind turbine Project Title: Promotion and Development of Local Wind Technologies in components, including blueprints for manufacturing Mexico and assembly of wind turbine components, and operational manuals for installation, operation GEF Agency: IDB and maintenance; GEF Financing: $5,500,000 n Procurement, manufacturing and assembly of wind Co-financing: $33,660,000 total turbine components for a Class 1A wind turbine Public Sector: $29,660,000 prototype suitable for Mexican conditions and Private Sector: $4,000,000 verification of the blueprint parameters; n Erection, start-up and operational testing of the wind Dates of Implementation: 2012–2015 turbine; and n Capacity building and institutional strengthening to Project overview promote a wind power market for distributed Mexico is an oil-exporting country rich in fossil fuel generation by small power producers. resources. However, its future national energy demands may not be met with fossil fuel-based energy sources due This project has the potential to directly reduce 47,903 to scarcity of investment resources and other factors. The tonnes of CO2 eq emissions over the next 20 years. expected rise of natural gas imports, the volatility of fossil The estimated total indirect emissions avoided fuel prices, as well as climate change concerns have are 3.74 Mt over 20 years. prompted growing interest by the Mexican government to develop domestic sources of renewable energy to com- Implementation status plement fossil fuels in power production and supply. The project was approved by the IDB in May 2012, following endorsement by the GEF CEO in December There are many areas in the country with moderate to very 2011. The project is now under implementation. favorable wind resources that could be tapped for wind Implementing the Poznan Strategic and Long-Term Programs on Technology Transfer 17 Russian federation—Energy Efficiency The project includes the creation of a Center of Improvement and Phase-out of Ozone Excellence to stimulate the rollout and replication of new Depleting Substances in Refrigeration and technologies—by providing ongoing support for design Air Conditioning and service activities and by encouraging the adoption of energy-efficient technologies through financial incentives. Project Title: Phase out of HCFCs and Promotion of HFC-Free Energy Efficient This, in turn, will increase the new technologies’ dissemi- Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning nation to a broader range of consumers and users of Systems in the Russian Federation refrigeration and air conditioning systems. through Technology Transfer GEF Agency: UNIDO The direct GHG emissions reduction resulting from the phase-out of HCFCs will be approximately 15.6 Mt CO2 GEF Financing: $19,998,000 eq. The indirect GHG emissions reduction through Co-financing: $40,000,000 total reduced electricity consumption in the commercial and Public Sector: $2,500,000 industrial refrigeration sectors is approximately 10 Mt CO2 Private Sector: $37,500,000 eq over five years. Dates of Implementation: 2010–2015 Implementation status Project inception occurred in March 2011. The national Project overview project team was established and a detailed work plan Under article 2 of the Montreal Protocol, the Russian developed. The procurement of production equipment Federation is reducing consumption and production of for the investment component, especially in the foam HCFCs by 75 percent relative to its baseline consumption sector, has been partially completed. of 3,996.9 ozone depleting potential (ODP) tonnes by 2010. A further reduction of 90 percent relative to the baseline is The project contributed to the organization of the required by 2015. At present, there are three main barriers Microclimate, Energy Efficiency and Building Automation to achieving the phase-out and delivering long-term solu- Center, which will support dissemination of environmen- tions to enhance use of alternative technologies in the tally-friendly and energy-efficient heating, ventilation, air- foam and refrigeration and air conditioning sectors. They conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems within the are: insufficient institutional capacity, lack of suitable alter- framework of the public education system of the Russian native technologies, and insufficient market drivers for envi- Federation. The Center joins prominent players in the ronmentally friendly equipment and products. This project Russian HVAC&R market and such organizations as the represents the first comprehensive international effort to Russian Energy Agency, the Ministry of Energy, and the address the full scope of work for HCFC phase-out and to Nonprofit Partnership “Green Standards Environmental fully integrate related environmental issues. Certification Center.” The project also organized a Campaign for the Promotion of HCFC Phase-Out in the The primary objective of this project is the direct phase out of Russian Federation, while institutional strengthening, train- 600 ODP tonnes of HCFCs in the foam and refrigeration man- ing of technicians, and customs officers are ongoing. ufacturing sectors in the Russian Federation to help meet the 2015 Montreal Protocol target. The secondary objective of the project is to introduce more energy efficient designs and prac- Senegal—Building and Insulating with Typha tices, through technology transfer, during the conversion of to Address Energy Efficiency, Climate Change, refrigeration and air conditioning manufacturing facilities. and Biodiversity Concerns Project Title: Technology Transfer: The principal technology transfer activity is the provision of Typha-Based Thermal Insulation thermodynamic and engineering design as well as a code Material Production in Senegal of practice for the service of high-efficiency non-HCFC and GEF Agency: UNIDO HFC-free refrigeration equipment and air conditioners. The GEF Financing: $2,310,000 technology transfer component aims at stimulating the market to adopt refrigerants with low global warming Co-financing: $3,973,000 total potential (GWP) in energy-efficient refrigeration and air Public Sector: $2,200,000 conditioning equipment. In the course of replacing HCFCs Private Sector: $1,420,000 with ODP-free and low-GWP alternatives, equipment Others: $353,000 designs will be analyzed and improved to reduce energy consumption by approximately 25 to 30 percent. Dates of Implementation: 2012–2016 18 The Global Environment Facility Project overview Bulrush, or typha australis, is an invasive species causing serious problems in Senegal’s ecosystem and economy. The proliferation of this plant in the Senegal River is in part due to ecosystem changes from an upstream hydro- power dam and a salt-wedge dam built in the 1980s. Today, typha has invaded approximately 140,000 hectares, spreading at 10 percent per year, with negative health and livelihood impacts. In parallel, the country has faced weakened industrial and economic development due to power production shortfalls and poor quality of electricity supply. In order to reduce energy consumption in the building sector, Senegal is in need of effective, thermally efficient and affordable build- ing materials. While cement is domestically produced, suit- able aggregates and complementary materials are rather limited. Buildings are also rarely insulated, due to lack of availability of insulation materials. This results in suboptimal standards of comfort and energy efficiency of concrete buildings. There is a critical need to supply appropriate thermal insulation materials to the building sector. Typha can be harvested and used as a raw material for insulation to reduce energy consumption of both new construction and retrofitting of existing buildings to reduce electricity consumption and related GHG emissions. The objective of this project is to facilitate the transfer of technology for producing innovative thermal insulation materials using typha. The project is interdisciplinary with Typha vegetation and construction material made with typha Photo credit: UNDP, Naporo Gmbh cited by UNDP positive effects on energy efficiency, climate change, and biodiversity. The combination of typha and cement offers a wide range Implementation status of promising construction products, ranging from additive The project was endorsed by the GEF CEO in August and formwork to strong panels, columns and beams. The 2012 and has started implementation. use of typha as insulation materials has been validated in European-based research institutions. This collaborative This project illustrates the merits of project preparation, project aims to refine the technology in order to transfer it stakeholder engagement, and raising awareness. The to Senegal. project preparation phase generated significant interest from stakeholders in both the private and the public sec- In particular, the project includes: research and develop- tors. National institutions (Ministry of Environment, ment; certification and patenting; establishing a local pro- Ministry of Energy, Energy Efficiency Agency, Ministry of duction chain through investment in a production facility Education and Professional Training, and others) began for the innovative insulation materials; and adapting insu- discussing the best way to work together to promote an lation materials to local conditions. Demonstration and energy-efficient building sector. The project is also raising project monitoring will be conducted on a government the interest of neighboring countries, and of regional building retrofitted with typha-based insulation. institutions such as the Economic Commission for West African States. Such stakeholder engagement and dia- As a result of project implementation, direct GHG emis- logue during the project preparation phase generated sions reductions of about 556 tonnes of CO2 eq are insight into the importance of a favorable policy environ- expected. The range of indirect CO2 eq emissions reduc- ment for technology transfer. tions is estimated at 1,700–40,100 tonnes of CO2 eq. Implementing the Poznan Strategic and Long-Term Programs on Technology Transfer 19 Sri Lanka—Improving Energy Access and The project also features capacity building, demonstration, Halting Land Degradation with Bamboo and financing. It supports the development of a policy framework that promotes dedicated or mixed bamboo Project Title: Bamboo Processing for Sri Lanka plantations while helping develop a market for the products. GEF Agency: UNIDO GEF Financing: $2,700,000 A successful project can validate profit potential and Co-financing: $21,297,000 total promote continued operation and replication beyond the project time horizon. The availability of degraded land is Public Sector: $18,897,000 sufficient to allow a hundred-fold replication. Private Sector: $2,400,000 Dates of Implementation: 2012–2019 In total, the incremental direct emissions reductions from the project are expected to be 182,300 tonnes CO2 eq per Project overview year, with renewable energy generated equivalent to Sri Lanka faces degradation of forest resources due to 311,800 MWh per year. increased demand for timber and fuel wood from population pressure and economic growth. A sizeable part of the agricul- Implementation status tural lands in different parts of the country, including at least 30 The project was endorsed by the GEF CEO in April 2012. percent of the tea land, has also become marginal or uneco- Its inaugural workshop took place in September 2012. nomic. Many areas are in urgent need of land cover to prevent further degradation. Bamboo cultivation on the degraded lands offers an ideal alternative to halt land degradation and Thailand—Ethanol Production from Cassava provide sustainable energy source. To support this on a long- Project Title: Overcoming Policy, Market and term basis, there is a need to create an industry whose contin- Technological Barriers to Support ued existence (and profitability) depends on a sustainable Technological Innovation and feedstock resource. Experiences in other Asian countries, such South-South Technology Transfer: as China and India, have shown that a bamboo industry can the Pilot Case of Ethanol be a sustainable industry. While bamboo is already a key prod- Production from Cassava uct of forestry and agriculture on a world scale, only a limited GEF Agency: UNIDO area of bamboo plantation exists in Sri Lanka, mainly used GEF Financing: $2,970,000 locally for fuel and in low quality construction. Co-financing: $31,623,000 total This project has the objective to develop a bamboo supply Public Sector: $6,623,000 chain and product industry in Sri Lanka, leading to reduced Private Sector: $25,000,000 global environmental impact from GHG emissions and a Dates of Implementation: 2011–2015 sustainable industry base. The project seeks to develop new bamboo plantations covering 10,000 hectares on degraded land to serve as an industry cluster. The industry Project overview would have engineered bamboo materials for structural Thailand has set a high target for renewable energy applications, bamboo pellets for local energy use and for sources in its National Renewable Energy Master Plan. export markets, and bamboo sprouts for food. As Sri Of the 20 percent target for the renewable portion of total Lanka already has a wood processing industry, focusing projected energy demand by 2022, 4 percent will be con- the industry on processed and engineered bamboo prod- tributed by biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. For ucts could increase the quality and value of bamboo pro- ethanol, the target is to increase its consumption in trans- duction in the country, which in turn could increase the portation by mandating a phase-out program for regular value added and the profitability of the industry sector. fuels and an introduction of gasohol. The country has suf- ficient raw materials, especially molasses and cassava, to This project involves the South-South transfer of technolo- produce ethanol. Contract farming in neighboring coun- gies in key steps in the bamboo processing chain. For tries has been encouraged to ensure raw material supply instance, the technology for bamboo tissue reproduction and to create wider commercial opportunities and tech- could be transferred from India, while the technology for nology transfer opportunities to farmers. bamboo processing could be transferred from India and possibility China. Bamboo pelletizing technology can be The project aims at removing barriers and promoting tech- transferred and also utilized for other residues, such as nology transfer in the production of ethanol and at enhanc- those from rubber wood plantations. ing South-South cooperation. The targeted technology is 20 The Global Environment Facility simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, which learned from demonstration in Thailand. The project also includes improved culturing techniques, raw material prep- supports activities in Myanmar and Lao PDR to lay the aration, fermentation technology and shortcuts to the fer- foundation for technology transfer. In addition, the proj- mentation processes, and options for net energy reduction ect responds to findings from TNAs in both Thailand throughout the project cycle. and Vietnam. The project also aims to increase fermentation efficiency Implementation status in ethanol production, to promote private sector The project was endorsed by the GEF CEO in March engagement, and to transfer the associated technolo- 2012. The project is waiting for the Royal Thai gies to other countries in Southeast Asia. The project Government to give the green light for the official start- includes technology demonstrations to enhance and up. During the third quarter of 2013, the project plans to motivate full-scale technology investments (e.g., it offers launch a demonstration unit in Thailand. The project also to establish a demonstration plant in collaboration with intends to organize an investment forum back-to-back an interested partner). In order to remove policy and with this launch. The implementing Agency expects that financial barriers, the project also provides training to the event will receive a high level of interest from both policy makers, banks, and entrepreneurs. The technol- the public and the private sectors. ogy will be transferred to Vietnam, reflecting lessons Implementing the Poznan Strategic and Long-Term Programs on Technology Transfer 21 Table 1 Technology Transfer Pilot Projects Supported by the Poznan Strategic Program on Technology Transfer AS OF SEPTEMBER 2012 GEF Poznan Program Total GEF Co-financing Status Country Project title GEF Agency Funding ($)a Funding ($)a ($) of Project Brazil Renewable CO2 Capture and UNDP 2,970,000 2,970,000 7,715,000 b The project was cancelled in Storage from Sugar Fermenta- February 2012 upon request tion Industry in Sao Paulo State from the Agency. The project preparation identified invest- ment costs far higher than initially expected, exceeding the available financing. Cambodia Climate Change Related Tech- UNIDO 1,947,000 1,947,000 4,565,000 c The project was endorsed by nology Transfer for Cambodia: the GEF CEO in May 2012. Using Agricultural Residue Project implementation is at Biomass for Sustainable Energy initiation phase. Solutions Chile Promotion and Development IDB 3,000,000 3,000,000 31,750,000 c The project was endorsed by of Local Solar Technologies in the GEF CEO in June 2012 Chile and is awaiting IDB’s approval China Green Truck Demonstration WB 2,998,000 4,867,500 9,770,000 c The project was endorsed by Project the GEF CEO in March 2011 and approved by the World Bank Board in April 2011. Project Launch took place in China in October 2011. The project is under implementation. Colombia, SolarChill: Commercialization UNEP 2,841,300 2,841,300 5,662,900 b The project was re-submitted Kenya, and Transfer by UNEP after the World Bank Swaziland requested its cancellation in December 2010. The GEF Council approved the project in November 2011. The project has expanded to include Swa- ziland, in addition to Colombia and Kenya. The GEF CEO endorsement request is expected to be submitted by May 2013. Cote Construction of 1000 Ton-per- AfDB 3,000,000 3,000,000 36,898,500 b The project preparation exer- d’Ivoire day Municipal Solid Waste cise is in its final stage. Mile- Composting Unit in Akouedo stone extension requests were Abidjan approved by the GEF CEO in September 2011 and June 2012. The GEF CEO endorse- ment request is to be submit- ted by the end of 2012. Jamaica Introduction of Renewable UNDP 816,000 816,000 1,420,000 b The project was cancelled in Wave Energy Technologies for October 2011 upon request the Generation of Electric from the Agency. Power in Small Coastal Communities Jordan DHRS Irrigation Technology IFAD 2,365,020 2,365,020 5,516,000 c The project was endorsed by Pilot Project to Face Climate the GEF CEO in August 2011, Change Impact and has since begun implementation. 22 The Global Environment Facility GEF Poznan Program Total GEF Co-financing Status Country Project title GEF Agency Funding ($)a Funding ($)a ($) of Project Mexico Promotion and Development IDB 3,000,000 5,500,000 33,660,000 c Project was endorsed by the of Local Wind Technologies in GEF CEO in December 2011. Mexico Project implementation is expected to commence during the third quarter of 2012. Russian Phase-out of HCFCs and UNIDO 2,970,000 19,998,000 40,000,000 c The project was endorsed by Federation Promotion of HFC-free Energy the GEF CEO in August 2010. Efficient Refrigeration and Project implementation has Air-Conditioning Systems in started. the Russian Federation through Technology Transfer Senegal Typha-based Thermal Insula- UNDP 2,310,000 2,310,000 3,972,574 b The project was endorsed by tion Material Production in the GEF CEO in August 2012 Senegal and has started implementation. Sri Lanka Bamboo Processing for Sri UNIDO 2,700,500 2,700,500 21,297,000 c The project was endorsed by Lanka the GEF CEO in April 2012. The project is under implementation. Thailand Overcoming Policy, Market and UNIDO 2,970,000 2,970,000 31,623,000 c The project was endorsed by Technological Barriers to the GEF CEO in March 2012. Support Technological It is awaiting approval by the Innovation and South-South Royal Thai government. Technology Transfer: The Pilot Case of Ethanol Production from Cassava Turkey, Realizing Hydrogen Energy UNIDO 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,500,000 b The project was cancelled in Cook Installations on Small Island March 2012 upon request Islands through Technology from the Agency following Cooperation changes in the concerned governments’ priorities. TOTAL 36,071,820 57,469,320 180,804,500 a Includes Agency fees and project preparation grants. b co-financing amount at the GEF Council Approval. c co-financing amount at the GEF CEO Endorsement. Implementing the Poznan Strategic and Long-Term Programs on Technology Transfer 23 Technology Transfer Pilot Projects within the Long-Term Program In implementing the Long-Term Program on Technology The number of mitigation projects within the Long-Term Transfer, the GEF has expanded its piloting of technology Program is balanced among the different stages of inno- projects to foster innovation and investments. vation supported: one-fourth of the projects include a component aimed at the initial stages of innovative low- During the first two years of GEF-5 (Fiscal Year (FY) 2011 carbon technologies transfer (e.g. demonstration and and FY 2012), the GEF has approved 85 climate change deployment), while the rest target market transformation mitigation projects with $835.6 million of GEF funding and (targeting larger scale diffusion) for specific technologies. $5.9 billion of co-financing. Among these projects, 19 The variety of technologies targeted is diverse; one-fifth projects address the promotion and transfer of innovative of all mitigation projects promote market transformation low-carbon technologies, while the remaining 66 are for several technologies at the same time (classified as aimed at market transformation for specific technologies. “mixed”). Four of these projects incorporate both mitigation and adaptation objectives (with additional funding from the Figure 5 Distribution of the number of GEF mitiga- SCCF), while 37 combine climate change mitigation tion projects by objective—Long-Term Program on objectives with the objectives of other focal areas. Technology Transfer (As of June 2012) The GEF, through its management of the LDCF and SCCF, Land use, land-use Project with change and forestry mixed objectives has also approved $168 million and $71.8 million, respec- 22% 22% tively, for 40 and 19 projects with a specific focus on the transfer of adaptation technologies, including the four projects incorporating both mitigation and adaptation objectives mentioned above. These projects represent a considerable contribution towards the demonstration, deployment, and diffusion of climate-resilient technolo- Initial stage of Energy efficiency low-carbon 13% gies. In addition, most adaptation projects under the technologies LDCF and the SCCF promote the transfer of adaptation transfer 23% technologies in a cross-cutting manner. Renewable energy Sustainable transport 14% The distribution of mitigation projects by region is shown in and urban systems Figure 4. 6% Projects that have a component aiming at the initial stage of technol- ogy transfer (promotion and demonstration) are classified as Figure 4 Regional distribution of the number of GEF “low-carbon technology transfer.” All other categories aim at market mitigation projects contributing to the Long-Term transformation for specific technologies. For these, projects are Program on Technology Transfer (As of June 2012) accounted if their objective is solely focused on one considered category. Market transformation projects with multiple mitigation objectives are classified as “mixed.” Africa Latin America 12% and Caribbean 23% Asia 33% Europe and Central Asia 26% Global 6% 24 The Global Environment Facility Africa Asia Global Latin America Europe and Central Asia and Caribbean The regional distribution of adaptation projects within the Adaptation projects contributing to the Long-Term Long-Term Program shows that most of these projects Program usually involve multiple adaptation technolo- (and funding) are located in the African region, where gies at the same time. The exceptions are coastal zone adaptation is a top priority. management and water resources management proj- ects, where the focus tends to be on specific technolo- Figure 6 Regional distribution of the number of GEF gies in a single sector. adaptation projects contributing to the Long-Term Program on Technology Transfer (As of June 2012) Adaptation projects within the Long-Term Program encompass a wide range of technologies. A significant Latin America and Caribbean number of projects (42 percent) include a component on Europe and 10% agricultural technologies or technologies related to food Central Asia 5% security. Projects dealing with early warning systems and hydro-meteorological monitoring also make up another Global 4% large area (25 percent) of technology transfer for adaptation. Asia 15% Figure 7 Distribution of the number of GEF adaptation Africa projects by objective—Long-Term Program on 66% Technology Transfer (As of June 2012) Health Infrastructure development 1% Technology transfer 3% (cross-cutting) Tourism 1% 6% Disaster risk management Agriculture 7% 25% Water resources Africa Asia Global Europe and Central management Asia Latin America and Caribbean 7% Coastal zone management 7% Food security 17% Hydro-meteorology 12% Early warning systems 13% Implementing the Poznan Strategic and Long-Term Programs on Technology Transfer 25 Supporting Climate Technology Centers and Networks The Long-Term Program on Technology Transfer submitted to COP 16 includes two elements that are additional to the original Poznan Strategic Program. The first new element is the support for Climate Technology Centers and a Climate Technology Network. The aim of this element of the Long- Term Program objective is to support coordination of climate technology transfer at the global level while also supporting regional technology centers. Countries wishing to establish a national center and network have also been invited to do so by utilizing existing GEF national allocations. In line with the Long-Term Program, the GEF Council in May 2011 approved the “Pilot Asia-Pacific Climate Technology Network and Finance Center” project by the ADB and UNEP. Furthermore, the GEF Council in June 2012 approved three similar regional projects: the “Climate Technology Transfer Mechanisms and Networks in Latin America and the Caribbean” project by the IDB; the “Pilot African Climate Technology Finance Center and Network” project by the AfDB; and the “Regional Climate Technology Transfer Center” project by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). All four projects receive funding from the GEF Trust Fund for mitigation, as well as from the SCCF for adaptation, benefit- ing from a key GEF-5 reform enabling the GEF to finance multi-trust fund projects that address at once adaptation to climate change and mitigation. They are expected to gener- ate lessons learned to help inform the ongoing process to operationalize the Technology Mechanism, in particular the Climate Technology Center and Network (CTCN) of the UNFCCC. 26 The Global Environment Facility Table 2 GEF Regional Projects for Climate Technology FINANCE Centres and Climate Technology Networks GEF financing ($ millions) Co-financing Title Region Agency GEF Trust Fund SCCF ($ millions) Pilot Asia-Pacific Climate Asia and Pacific ADB/ UNEP 10.0 2.0 74.7 Technology Network and Finance (AP) Center Pilot African Climate Technology Africa AfDB 10.0 5.8 95.0 Finance Center and Network (AFR) Regional Climate Technology Europe and EBRD 10.0 2.0 77.0 Transfer Center Central Asia (ECA) Climate Technology Transfer Latin America and IDB 10.0 2.0 63.4 Mechanisms and Networks the Caribbean in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) Pilot Asia-Pacific Climate Technology and climate-resilient development projects, and assist Network and Finance Center (ADB/UNEP) with integrating technology transfer considerations into This multi-trust fund project seeks to accelerate cli- developing countries’ policies and investment programs mate technology investments in developing countries and strengthening design and enforcement capacities of of the Asia-Pacific region. The project aims to provide public institutions. The components financed under the capacity building to create the necessary conditions to SCCF-B contribute towards addressing knowledge gaps, foster investments in climate technology transfer and forging partnerships, developing enabling environments, mobilize appropriate financial resources from both and catalyzing resources for the demonstration, deploy- public and private sources to catalyze investments in ment and diffusion of relevant technologies for climate EST deployment. The project pilots a regional change adaptation and climate-resilient development. approach to facilitating deployment of climate tech- nologies, one that combines upstream and down- Regional Climate Technology Transfer stream support, from networking, capacity building Center (EBRD) and technical advice so as to establish enabling condi- This multi-trust fund project proposes to set up the cli- tions, down to mobilization of financial resources to mate technology network and center for EBRD’s coun- make investments happen. In short, it seeks to demon- tries of operations. Its aim is to facilitate accelerated strate the effectiveness of linking technology and investments in climate technologies (mitigation and finance mechanisms in catalyzing climate actions. adaptation). It focuses on increasing private sector The project is under implementation. involvement in adopting climate technologies, show- cases broader networking in the region, furthers the Pilot African Climate Technology Finance development of innovative financing mechanisms for Center and Network (AfDB) both climate change mitigation and adaptation technol- This multi-trust fund project aims at supporting on the ogies, and provides a platform for disseminating knowl- ground the deployment of technologies for both climate edge and bringing together key stakeholders. The change mitigation and adaptation in developing coun- components financed under the SCCF-B leverage tries in Africa. To do so, the project seeks to catalyze resources and pilot financing products for the transfer public and private finance for low-carbon technologies of adaptation technologies. Implementing the Poznan Strategic and Long-Term Programs on Technology Transfer 27 Climate Technology Transfer Mechanisms At the national level, the GEF Council in June 2012 also and Networks in Latin America and the approved the “Facility for Low Carbon Technology Caribbean (IDB) Deployment” project in India by the World Bank, which This multi-trust fund project proposes to set up the climate supports national level networking efforts and could be technology network and center for Latin America and the aligned with the CTCN of the UNFCCC, with the Caribbean. Its aim is to promote the development and potential to connect with other climate technology transfer of ESTs in the region in order to contribute to the centers in developing countries. The project will facilitate ultimate goal of reducing GHG emissions and reducing the identification and deployment of low-carbon vulnerability to climate change in specific sectors. The proj- technologies in India that can address technology gaps ect strategy is to build national capacities to identify, to mitigate climate change and improve the economy’s assess, develop and transfer ESTs, focusing on: energy efficiency. The project will do so through a Facility for Low Carbon Technology Deployment n Promotion of and support to regional collaborative that will bring together government, industry, efforts; consumers, academia, and Civil Society Organizations n Support to planning and policy-making processes at representatives. Four key technology areas are identified national and sectoral levels; to begin operations: refrigeration; air conditioning; n Demonstration of policies and enabling mechanisms; lighting; and low-temperature waste-heat recovery. and The facility will be designed to be sustainable over the n Mobilization of private and public financial and long-term using private sector support. human resources. Beyond these piloting and innovative examples, The components financed under the SCCF-B support net- the GEF, with the means at its disposal and in line working, policy support, and demonstration activities for with GEF procedures, is ready to continue to support the transfer of adaptation technologies, particularly in the the operationalization and activities of the CTCN in agriculture sector. response to decision 2/CP.17. 28 The Global Environment Facility Supporting Public- Private Partnerships for Technology Transfer PPPs support to facilitate technology transfer was intro- duced with the Long-Term Implementation Program. The PPPs are viewed as a powerful tool for promoting tech- nology transfer by supporting businesses in finding ways to commercialize or scale up environmentally sound technologies. To be able to do so, within GEF-5, the Parties to the GEF replenishment agreed to a private sector set-aside of $80 million. At the November 2011 Council meeting, the GEF-5 Revised Strategy for Enhancing Engagement with the Private Sector (GEF 2011b), defining specific modalities for utilizing the set-aside, was approved. The strategy emphasizes partnerships with the multilateral develop- ment banks to focus on the expanded use of non-grant instruments, and also includes components to support technology transfer and innovation among small and medium enterprises (SMEs). To guide the implementation of PPP Programs (GEF 2012d) under the approved strat- egy, the Operational Modalities for Public Private Partnership Programs was developed and submitted to the GEF Council in June 2012. These operational modali- ties describe the process for preparing and submitting PPP Programs as Programmatic Framework Documents under the GEF Process Cycle. Under the approved strategy, the GEF has worked with multilateral development banks to develop PPP Programs that will make investments in private sector partners for activities that will generate Global Environmental Benefits. The GEF Council in June 2012 approved two regional PPP Implementing the Poznan Strategic and Long-Term Programs on Technology Transfer 29 Programs as the first to access the GEF-5 private begin implementation. The GEF funding will be offered at sector set-aside: the minimum concessionality needed for each project to ensure no crowding out of private sector investment. n AfDB PPP Program. Renewable energy projects will deliver an expected expan- n Multilateral Investment Fund (MIF)-IDB PPP Program; sion of 65 MW of capacity and enable the reduction of 220 kilotonnes (kt) CO2 eq annually. Additional benefits will These two PPP programs described below will deliver sig- include more reliable electricity supply and reduced pres- nificant Global Environmental Benefits, including reduction sure on biomass resources. of GHG emissions, and enhance private sector engage- ment in Latin America and Africa. They aim to use conces- IDB-PPP MIF Public-Private Partnership Program sional loans or equity investments to promote technology This programmatic initiative will make targeted equity transfer, foster clean energy development, and protect nat- investments in funds to promote energy efficiency, ural resources. renewable energy, and biodiversity in Latin America. Three leading funds have been selected for negotiation. AfDB-PPP Public-Private Partnership Program Each has identified a pipeline of investments and has This programmatic initiative will promote scaling up of already attracted significant private sector investment renewable energy technologies on the African continent interest, but has not closed due to gaps in financing. The and contribute to the delivery of universal power supply in GEF funding will be used to help projects get to closing the region. Through the support for renewable energy proj- and begin implementation. The GEF principal and any ects, the program will contribute to reducing GHG emis- investment returns will flow back to the GEF Trust Fund, sions from the energy supply. A pipeline of renewable contributing to sustainable use of the private sector set- energy investments in West, Central, and East Africa has aside. Among the benefits from the investments over the been identified. Each of these projects has attracted signifi- project lifetime will be at least 7 Mt CO2 eq abated. The cant private sector investment interest, but has not closed program employs a unique partnership with the MIF of due to gaps in financing. The GEF funding will be used as the IDB, which will provide funding for all necessary tech- concessional financing to help projects get to closing and nical assistance and project preparation. 30 The Global Environment Facility GEF as a Catalytic Supporting Institution for Technology Transfer Dissemination of GEF experiences and successfully demonstrated ESTs within the Poznan Strategic Program Within the Poznan Strategic Program, the GEF launched an initiative to support the dissemination of GEF experi- ences and successfully demonstrated ESTs. The initiative had two main objectives. The first was to provide a better, more in-depth understanding of the technology transfer process and the role of the GEF by developing case stud- ies for specific technologies. The second was to dissemi- nate to a wider range of countries and audiences the technologies that have already been successfully demon- strated with GEF support—with a view to facilitating wider adoption of those technologies. This dissemination initia- tive is managed by the GEF Secretariat in collaboration with relevant GEF Agencies and other interested parties. Within this framework, the GEF has organized or partici- pated in key meetings, forums, and side events, such as: n The Ministerial Meeting on Technology Transfer: Challenges and Opportunities. This meeting was orga- nized on 20 April 2011 in partnership with the Government of France, which, as the Chair of the G20, sought to make progress on the subject of technology transfer with a view to contributing to the ongoing dis- cussions to operationalize key elements of the Cancun Agreements related to technology transfer. The Implementing the Poznan Strategic and Long-Term Programs on Technology Transfer 31 meeting was convened in partnership with the Forum Capitalizing upon the extensive experience of the GEF Francophone des Affaires (Francophone Business partnership, the GEF also published and updated the fol- Forum). The participants included a significant number lowing documents: of ministers, senior representatives from international organizations, including the UNFCCC secretariat and n In 2010, the GEF published a Booklet on Poznan the GEF Agencies, as well as private sector institutions. Strategic Program on Technology Transfer. This publi- The meeting addressed technology transfer chal- cation presented the Poznan Strategic Program on lenges and opportunities, including a presentation of a Technology Transfer, providing updates on GEF’s con- model pilot proposal for establishing and implement- tribution as well as progress. The present document, ing the regional climate technology centers and net- Implementing the Poznan Strategic and Long-Term work with GEF support. The meeting summary is Programs on Technology Transfer, is an update of this available from the GEF. booklet with an expanded scope. n COP 16 Side Event From Innovation to Market n In 2010, the GEF published a Booklet on Transfer of Transformation: the Role of the GEF in Technology Environmentally Sound Technologies—Case Studies Transfer. The GEF organized this side event on 2 from GEF Climate Change Portfolio. The GEF tech- December 2010, highlighting the role played by the nology transfer investments have generated not only GEF in facilitating technology transfer from innova- significant emissions reductions, but a body of tion to market transformation to help address climate knowledge and lessons learned that are informing change challenges for both mitigation and adapta- today’s technology transfer activities. This publica- tion. The event featured country experiences in tech- tion has been updated in 2012 and features some of nology transfer activities supported by the GEF, the key ESTs supported by the GEF to date, encom- notably from Egypt, Jordan, and Mexico. In addition, passing the areas of renewable energy, energy effi- the event introduced the Long-Term Program on ciency, sustainable transport, and innovative Technology Transfer. financing. The case studies provide background n COP 17 Side Event “GEF Innovations and Technology information, project description, technology Transfer,” 3 December 2011. The objective of the description, as well as results and outcomes. The meeting was to share information about the GEF’s common features of successful EST transfer projects innovative approaches to technology transfer as well are identified to inform future projects. as to launch the first GEF-funded pilot regional cli- n The GEF prepared a publication on lessons learned in mate technology finance center and network in the the past 20 years for release during the United Asia-Pacific region. Nations Conference on Sustainable Development n COP 17 “Joint SBI/SBSTA Forum on the Impact – the Rio+20 Summit. The book, From Rio to Rio: A of the Implementation of Response Measures,” 20-Year Journey to Green the World’s Economies, 1 December 2011. The GEF Secretariat participated includes case studies on climate technology transfer in this forum in response to a request from the (http://www.thegef.org/gef/pubs/from-rio-to-rio). UNFCCC Secretariat, where it delivered a presenta- n The GEF published a book on energy efficiency in tion on technology transfer. November 2012 entitled Closing the Gap: GEF COP 17 Side Event: “GEF Innovations and Technology Transfer,” 3 December 2011 32 The Global Environment Facility Experiences in Global Energy Efficiency, and activities detailed in previous sections, is complemented also issued an executive summary of this work by its outreach efforts. In order to raise awareness of its in a booklet form. support for technology transfer, including the Poznan Strategic Program and its long-term elements, the GEF The above information and more is available at the publicly presents its technology transfer activities regularly GEF Technology Transfer website. This GEF website at a variety of meetings, including its funding opportuni- is updated periodically with specific information ties for adaptation projects. Beside the meetings listed in on technology transfer, and can be accessed from: the previous section, the GEF also organizes: http://www.thegef.org/gef/TT. n An annual GEF Familiarization Seminar (last occasion in January 2012); n GEF Expanded Constituency Workshops (ECWs). The Long-Term Program Between July 2011 and June 2012, the GEF held on Technology Transfer: ECWs in: l Dakar, Senegal (July 2011); GEF as a Catalytic l Monrovia, Liberia (July 2011); Supporting Institution l Honiara, Solomon Islands (September 2011); l Tashkent, Uzbekistan (October 2011); for Technology Transfer l Nairobi, Kenya (October 2011); l Cape Town, South Africa (November, 2011); The Long-Term Program on Technology Transfer seeks to l Bujumbura, Burundi (February 2012); utilize the institutional capacity of the GEF to implement and l Dead Sea, Jordan (February 2012); enhance technology transfer. With a cadre of professionals l San Jose, Costa Rica (March 2012); with extensive programming and policy experience in differ- l Tirana, Albania (March 2012); ent sectors, the GEF is well-positioned to be a catalytic l Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (April 2012); global supporter of innovative approaches while incorporat- l Antigua and Barbuda (May 2012); and ing guidance on technology transfer from the UNFCCC COP. l Lima, Peru (May 2012). The GEF’s catalytic role supporting technology transfer, These meetings include the UNFCCC national focal points highlighted by the investment and technical assistance as participants. Implementing the Poznan Strategic and Long-Term Programs on Technology Transfer 33 GEF-5 and Technology Transfer The GEF-5 climate change mitigation strategy charts a course to promote a broad portfolio of environmentally sound, climate-friendly technologies that will achieve large GHG reductions in GEF-recipient countries in accordance with national circumstances. The entire climate change miti- gation portfolio for GEF-5 supports technology transfer, as defined by the IPCC and the technology transfer framework outlined by the COP. This support is reflected in the GEF strategy’s six climate change mitigation objectives: n Promote the demonstration, deployment, and trans- fer of innovative, low-carbon technologies n Promote market transformation for energy efficiency in the industrial and buildings sectors n Promote investment in renewable energy technologies n Promote energy-efficient, low-carbon transport and urban systems n Promote conservation and enhancement of carbon stocks through sustainable management of Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry n Support enabling activities and capacity building The strategy promotes technology transfer at various stages of technology development in the innovation chain, from demonstration of innovative, emerging, low- carbon technologies to diffusion of commercially proven, ESTs and practices. The GEF support involves a combina- tion of technology push and market pull interventions. Objective 1: Promote the demonstration, deployment, and transfer of innovative low-carbon technologies. This objective is geared toward promoting the demonstra- tion, deployment, and transfer of innovative low-carbon technologies. Projects supported under this objective 34 The Global Environment Facility target innovative technologies with potentially significant Objective 4: Promote energy-efficient low-carbon long-term impacts on carbon emissions. The GEF support transport and urban systems. This objective supports may involve the demonstration, deployment, and transfer interventions for land use and transport planning, public of commercially available technologies that were identi- transit systems, energy efficiency improvement of the fied as priorities by the recipient countries but have not fleet, efficient traffic control and management, transport been widely adopted in their particular markets. The GEF demand management, and non-motorized transport. support includes technical assistance for creating an Technological options in the transport sector, such as enabling policy environment for technology transfer, clean, low-carbon vehicles, may be considered in coun- North-South, and South-South technology cooperation, tries where such options can be expected to achieve sig- purchase of technology licenses, and investment in pilot nificant reductions in GHG emissions as well local projects. The GEF can also support technology centers development environmental benefits. The GEF support and networks at the global, regional, and national levels, under this objective may involve technical assistance, in accordance with UNFCCC guidance and the priorities innovative financing mechanisms, awareness campaigns, of the GEF recipient countries. Technologies at the diffu- and investments in demonstration and deployment of sion stage or those in wide-scale dissemination are con- high-performance technologies. sidered under other objectives. Objective 5: Promote conservation and enhancement Objective 2: Promote market transformation for energy of carbon stocks through sustainable management of efficiency in the industrial and buildings sectors. This Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry. This objec- objective aims to expand investment in energy efficiency tive aims to conserve, restore, enhance, and manage in the industrial and buildings sectors. Projects supported carbon stocks in forest and non-forest lands, and to pre- under this objective aims to step up policy interventions vent emissions of the carbon stocks by reducing the and scale up energy efficient investments. For industry, pressure on these lands in the wider landscape. emphasis is placed on energy-efficient industrial produc- Deploying low carbon technologies may reduce tion and manufacturing, particularly in SMEs. For build- demands from resources produced by land manage- ings, the GEF support covers the building envelope; ment, and simultaneously adopting and deploying new energy-consuming systems; appliances; and equipment land management responses can synergistically enhance used for heating, cooling, lighting, and building opera- and sustain carbon sequestration and conserve stocks. tions. Emphasis is also placed on integrated and systemic The GEF support could include development of national approaches. Promotion of energy-efficient cook stoves will systems to measure and monitor carbon stocks and also be covered. Projects under this objective may extend fluxes from forest and non-forest lands, policy and insti- to supporting the phase-out of HCFCs used in industry tutional strengthening, local community good practices, and buildings prior to the phase-out dates under the and establishment of financing mechanisms or invest- Montreal Protocol. ment programs. Objective 3: Promote investment in renewable Objective 6: Support enabling activities and capacity energy technologies. This objective aims to further building. This objective aims to provide support for non- boost investment in renewable energy technologies Annex I parties to prepare their National Communications by moving beyond the creation of enabling policy to the UNFCCC and meet their obligations under the and regulatory environments. Projects supported Convention. The GEF also continues to fund the prepara- under this objective lead to a step change in the tion and updating of TNAs in accordance with Convention deployment and diffusion of reliable, least-cost guidance. renewable energy technologies. The GEF support may cover on-grid renewable energy, decentralized The GEF-5 strategy for climate change draws on past production of electric power, as well as heating with experiences and is guided by three principles of respon- indigenous energy sources, including biomass, solar, siveness to Convention guidance, consideration of the wind, hydro, and geothermal. The GEF support could national circumstances of recipient countries, and cost- also cover sustainable production of biomass for bio- effectiveness in achieving global environmental benefits. fuels, as a substitute for fossil fuels where appropri- The GEF-5 phase endeavors to exert a transformative ate conditions exist, and methane recovery from impact in helping GEF-recipient countries to move along biomass wastes for power and heat generation. The a low-carbon development path through investment in, GEF projects can promote local SMEs to enhance and market transformation of, environmentally sound, their technical capacities to provide installation, climate-friendly technologies. operation, and management support. Implementing the Poznan Strategic and Long-Term Programs on Technology Transfer 35 Appendix Table 3 Climate change mitigation Technology Transfer Pilot Projects Supported IN LINE WITH the Long-Term Program on Technology Transfer as of June 30, 2012 GEF Amount b Co- financing Total Country Agency Title Type a ($ millions) ($ millions) ($ millions) Albania WB Environmental Services Project LFSM 3.2 22.6 25.7 Argentina IDB Introduction of Energy Efficiency and TT, EE 11.3 44.5 55.8 Renewable Energy Measures in Design, Construction and Operation of Social Housing and Community Equipment Armenia UNDP Green Urban Lighting EE 1.8 8.6 10.4 Azerbaijan UNDP Sustainable Land and Forest Management in LSFM 6.3 11.4 17.7 the Greater Caucasus Landscape Bangladesh UNDP Development of Sustainable Renewable Energy RE 4.6 29.8 34.4 Power Generation Bangladesh ADB ASTUD: Greater Dhaka Sustainable Urban TU 5 250.4 255.4 Transport Corridor Project d Belarus UNDP Removing Barriers to Wind Power Development RE 3.4 17.1 20.5 in Belarus Belarus UNDP Landscape Approach to Management of LSFM 3 10.5 13.5 Peatlands Aiming at Multiple Ecological Benefits Belize WB Management and Protection of Key Biodiversity LFSM 6.8 16 22.8 Areas Bolivia UNDP Fifth Operational Phase of the GEF Small SGP, RE, 4.5 6 10.5 Grants Program in Bolivia LF Bosnia- WB Sustainable Forest and Abandoned Land LFSM 6.1 18.4 24.5 Herzegovina Management Brazil UNDP Production of Sustainable, Renewable Biomass- EE, RE 7.9 32.7 40.6 based Charcoal for the Iron and steel Industry in Brazil Brazil UNDP Fifth Operational Phase of the GEF Small SGP, LF 5.4 5.1 10.5 Grants Program in Brazil Brazil IDB Recovery and Protection of Climate and LFSM 29.3 168.8 198.1 Biodiversity Services in the Paraiba do Sul Basin of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil Brazil IDB Consolidation of National System of LFSM 35.9 128.2 164.1 Conservation Units (SNUC) and Enhanced Flora and Fauna Protection Cameroon UNIDO Promoting Investments in the Fight against RE 2.2 10 12.2 Climate Change and Ecosystems Protection through Integrated Renewable Energy and Biomass Solutions for Productive Uses and Industrial Applications Cameroon FAO Sustainable Forest Management Under the LFSM 3.9 16.2 20.1 Authority of Cameroonian Councils Chile UNDP Supporting Civil Society and Community LF 3.6 15.3 18.9 Initiatives to Generate Global Environmental Benefits using Grants and Micro Loans in the Mediterranean Ecoregion 36 The Global Environment Facility GEF Amount b Co- financing Total Country Agency Title Type a ($ millions) ($ millions) ($ millions) China ADB Hebei Energy Efficiency Improvement and EE 4 189 193 Emission Reduction Project China UNIDO Promoting Energy Efficiency in Industrial Heat EE 5.9 40.5 46.4 Systems and High Energy-consuming (HEC) Equipment China WB Urban-Scale Building Energy Efficiency and EE, RE 13.2 152.1 165.3 Renewable Energy China WB Establish Measurement and Verification System EE 19.6 104 123.6 for Energy Efficiency in China China WB China Renewable Energy Scaling-Up Program RE 30 444.1 474.1 (CRESP) Phase II China WB GEF Large-City Congestion and Carbon TU 20 88.3 108.3 Reduction Project China WB Green Energy Schemes for Low-Carbon City in TT, EE, RE, 4.9 247.2 252.1 Shanghai, China TU Colombia IDB Low-carbon and Efficient National Freight TU 3.4 16.2 19.6 Logistics Initiative Costa Rica UNDP Fifth Operational Phase of the GEF Small SGP, RE, 4.8 4.6 9.4 Grants Program in Costa Rica LF Dominican UNIDO Stimulating Industrial Competitiveness Through RE 1.5 7.5 9 Republic Biomass-based, Grid-connected Electricity Generation Global UNEP SolarChill Development, Testing and TT 3 5.7 8.6 Technology Transfer Outreach Global UNEP Stabilizing GHG Emissions from Road Transport TU 1.9 13.5 15.3 Through Doubling of Global Vehicle Fuel Economy: Regional Implementation of the Global Fuel Efficiency Initiative (GFEI) Global UNDP Fifth Operational Phase of the GEF Small SGP, TT, 37.4 35.9 73.3 Grants Program—Implementing the program TU, LF using STAR resources I Global UNEP The GLOBE Legislator Forest Initiative LF 1.1 1.2 2.3 Global UNDP Fifth Operational Phase of the GEF Small SGP, TT, 140 134.6 274.6 Grants Program TU, LF Guatemala UNDP Sustainable Forest Management and Multiple LFSM 4.9 13.2 18.1 Global Environmental Benefits Guyana IDB Sustainable Energy Program RE 5.5 23.4 28.9 India UNIDO Promoting Business Models for Increasing TT 4.8 21.8 26.6 Penetration and Scaling up of Solar Energy India UNIDO Promoting Industrial Energy Efficiency through TT, EE 4.9 27.4 32.3 Energy Management Standard, System Optimizaton and Technology Incubation India WB Partial Risk Sharing Facility for Energy Efficiency EE 19.8 594.3 614.1 India WB Efficient and Sustainable City Bus Services TU 10.1 85 95.1 India WB Facility for Low Carbon Technology Deployment TT 9.9 59.3 69.2 India WB Integrated Biodiversity Conservation and LFSM 22.6 115 137.6 Ecosystem Services Improvement India UNDP Fifth Operational Phase of the GEF Small SGP, EE, 5.4 6 11.4 Grants Program in India RE Kazakhstan EBRD Reducing GHG Emissions through a Resource EE 7.8 38.5 46.3 Efficiency Transformation Programme (ResET) for Industries in Kazakhstan Kenya UNDP Fifth Operational Phase of the GEF Small SGP, RE 5.4 5.5 10.9 Grants Program in Kenya Implementing the Poznan Strategic and Long-Term Programs on Technology Transfer 37 GEF Amount b Co- financing Total Country Agency Title Type a ($ millions) ($ millions) ($ millions) Kyrgyz FAO Sustainable Management of Mountainous LFSM 6 17.1 23.1 Republic Forest and Land Resources under Climate Change Conditions Lao PDR WB Strengthening Protection and Management LFSM 7.4 17.6 25 Effectiveness for Wildlife and Protected Areas d Lebanon UNDP Small Decentralized Renewable Energy Power RE 1.6 9.7 11.4 Generation Liberia WB Lighting One Million Lives in Liberia RE 1.6 4.1 5.6 Malaysia UNIDO GHG Emissions Reductions In Targeted EE, RE 4.4 20 24.4 Industrial Sub-Sectors Through EE And Application Of Solar Thermal Systems Maldives UNEP Strengthening Low-Carbon Energy Island EE 4.3 21.3 25.6 Strategies Mexico WB Conservation of Coastal Watersheds in LFSM 43.5 239.9 283.4 Changing Environments Mexico UNDP Fifth Operational Phase of the GEF Small SGP, LSFM 4.8 5.9 10.7 Grants Program in Mexico Nepal UNDP Renewable Energy for Rural Livelihood (RERL) RE 3.4 14.6 17.9 Nigeria WB Small-scale Associated Gas Utilization TT 3 30.6 33.6 Pakistan UNIDO Sustainable Energy Initiative for Industries EE, RE 4 32.7 36.7 Pakistan UNDP Fifth Operational Phase of the GEF Small SGP, EE, 3 3.6 6.6 Grants Program in Pakistan RE, LF Peru UNDP Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions in EE, RE, EA 5 29.5 34.4 the Energy Generation and End-Use Sectors Regional ADB/ Pilot Asia-Pacific Climate Technology Network TT 12 74.5 86.5 (AP) UNEP and Finance Center Regional AfDB Pilot African Climate Technology Finance TT, EE, RE, 15.8 95 110.8 (AFR) Center and Network c TU Regional EBRD Regional Climate Technology Transfer Center c TT, EE 12 77 89 (ECA) Regional IDB Climate Technology Transfer Mechanisms and TT, EE, RE, 12 63.4 75.4 (LAC) Networks in Latin America and the Caribbean c TU, LF Regional UNEP Multiplying Environmental and Carbon Benefits LFSM 5.3 18.2 23.4 (LAC) in High Andean Ecosystems Russian EBRD ARCTIC Targeted Support for Energy Efficiency EE, RE 6.7 81 87.7 Federation and Renewable Energy in the Russian Arctic d Russian UNEP ARCTIC Conserving Biodiversity in the LF 6.2 14.2 20.5 Federation Changing Arctic d Russian UNEP ARCTIC Improvement of Environmental TT, EE 2.4 9.9 12.2 Federation Governance and Knowledge Management for SAP-Arctic Implementation d Russian WB ARCTIC Environment Project (Financial EE, RE 6 230 236 Federation Mechanism for Environmental Rehabilitation in Arctic) d Russian WB Russia Energy Efficiency Financing (REEF) EE 25 825 850 Federation Project Serbia UNDP Reducing Barriers to Accelerate the RE 3.2 14 17.2 Development of Biomass Markets in Serbia South Africa UNIDO Greening the COP 17 in Durban TT, RE, TU 1.1 1.4 2.5 Suriname IDB Development of Renewable Energy, Energy EE, RE 4.8 21.5 26.3 Efficiency and Electrification of Suriname 38 The Global Environment Facility GEF Amount b Co- financing Total Country Agency Title Type a ($ millions) ($ millions) ($ millions) Thailand WB GMS-FBP Strengthening Capacity and LFSM 8 29.4 37.4 Incentives for Wildlife Conservation in the Western Forest Complex d Timor Leste UNDP Promoting Sustainable Bio-energy Production RE 2 7 9 from Biomass Turkey WB Small and Medium Enterprise Energy Efficiency EE 4 252.5 256.5 Project Turkey FAO Sustainable Land Management and Climate TT, LF 6.3 21.3 27.6 Friendly Agriculture Turkey UNDP Integrated Approach to Management of Forests RE, LSFM 8 21.2 29.2 in Turkey, with Demonstration in High Conservation Value Forests in the Mediterranean Region Uganda UNDP Addressing Barriers to the Adoption of RE, LFSM 3.9 7.6 11.5 Improved Charcoal Production Technologies and Sustainable Land Management practices through an integrated approach Ukraine UNDP Development and Commercialization of RE 5.3 27.8 33.1 Bioenergy Technologies Ukraine UNIDO Introduction of Energy Management System EE 6.2 39.8 45.9 Standard in Ukrainian Industry Ukraine UNEP Conserving, Enhancing and Managing Carbon LF 5.5 15 20.5 Stocks and Biodiversity while Promoting Sustainable Development in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone through the Establishment of a Research and Environmental Protection Centre and Protected Area Uruguay UNIDO Towards a Green Economy in Uruguay: TT, RE 3.8 19.8 23.6 Stimulating Sustainable Production Practices and Low-emission Technologies in Prioritized Sectors Uzbekistan WB Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change TT, EE, RE 14 75 89 Mitigation Project Vietnam UNDP Promotion of Non-fired Brick (NFB) Production EE 3.2 36.1 39.3 and Utilization Vietnam UNIDO Implementation of Eco-industrial Park Initiative TT 3.9 14.2 18 for Sustainable Industrial Zones in Vietnam Zambia UNDP Strengthening Management Effectiveness and RE, LFSM 14.6 44.8 59.4 Generating Multiple Environmental Benefits within and around Protected Areas in Zambia Zimbabwe WB Hwange-Sanyati Biological Corridor (HSBC) LFSM 6.4 23.2 29.6 Environment Management and Conservation Project     TOTAL   835.6 5891.8 6726.6 a EE: energy efficiency, RE: renewable energy, SGP: Small Grants Program, TU: sustainable transport and urban systems, LF: land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF), LFSM: LULUCF&SFM/REDD+, TT: demonstration, deployment, and transfer of innovative low-carbon technologies. b These amounts include all focal area contributions, including project preparation grants and Agency fees. The total GEF Amount includes $322 million from other focal areas or trust funds, including SCCF and LDCF. c Multi-trust fund project, including funding from SCCF. d Child project under the programmatic approaches. Implementing the Poznan Strategic and Long-Term Programs on Technology Transfer 39 Table 4 Climate change adaptation Technology Transfer Pilot Projects Supported IN LINE WITH the Long-Term Implementation Program on Technology Transfer as of June 30, 2012 GEF Amount b Co-financing Total Country Agency Title Type a ($ millions) ($ millions) ($ millions) Afghanistan UNEP Building Adaptive Capacity and Resilience to WRM 5.5 16.0 21.5 Climate Change in Afghanistan. Azerbaijan UNDP Integrating climate change risks into water and DRM, 3.1 7.3 10.3 flood management by vulnerable mountainous EWS communities in the Greater Caucasus region of Azerbaijan Benin UNDP Integrated Adaptation Programme to Combat AG, FS 3.8 7.9 11.7 the Effects of Climate Change on Agricultural Production and Food Security Benin UNDP Strengthening Climate Information and Early HM, EWS 4.5 18.1 22.6 Warning Systems in Western and Central Africa for Climate Resilient Development and Adaptation to Climate Change—Benin Burkina UNDP Strengthening Climate Information and Early HM, EWS 4.5 24.3 28.8 Faso Warning Systems in Western and Central Africa for Climate Resilient Development and Adaptation to Climate Change—Burkina Faso Cambodia UNDP Promoting Climate-Resilient Water AG, FS, 2.1 2.2 4.4 Management and Agricultural Practices WRM Central UNDP Integrated Adaptation Programme to Combat AG, FS 3.1 5.6 8.7 African the Effects of Climate Change on Agricultural Republic Production and Food Security in CAR China WB Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change WRM, 5.8 50.5 56.3 Into Water Resources Management and Rural AG Development Colombia IDB Adaptation to Climate Impacts in Water WRM 4.6 23.3 27.9 Regulation and Supply for Bogota’s Metropolitan Area Comoros UNDP/ Adapting Water Resource Management in WRM 4.2 9.3 13.5 UNEP Comoros to Increase Capacity to Cope with Climate Change Comoros UNDP Enhancing adaptive capacity and resilience to AG, HM, 10.0 35.0 45.0 climate change in the agriculture sector in EWS Comoros Congo DR UNDP Building the Capacity of the Agriculture Sector AG, FS 3.4 4.1 7.5 in DR Congo to Plan for and Respond to the Additional Threats Posed by Climate Change on Food Production and Security Djibouti UNEP Implementing NAPA Priority Interventions to CZM 2.4 2.4 4.8 Build Resilience in the most Vulnerable Coastal Zones in Djibouti Egypt UNDP Adaptation to Climate Change in the Nile Delta CZM 4.5 12.8 17.3 Through Integrated Coastal Zone Management 40 The Global Environment Facility GEF Amount b Co-financing Total Country Agency Title Type a ($ millions) ($ millions) ($ millions) Ethiopia UNDP Strengthening climate information and early HM, EWS 5.5 20.8 26.3 warning systems in Ethiopia to support climate resilient development Ethiopia UNDP Coping with Drought and ClimateChange DRM, 1.1 1.9 3.0 HE, AG Ghana IFAD Promoting Value Chain Approach to Adaptation AG, FS 2.9 9.0 11.8 in Agriculture Global UNEP Enhancing Capacity, Knowledge and TT 5.5 23.0 28.5 Technology Support to Build Climate Resilience of Vulnerable Developing Countries Haiti UNDP Strengthening Adaptive Capacities to Address CZM 4.0 9.8 13.7 Climate Change Threats on Sustainable Development Strategies for Coastal Communities in Haiti Haiti FAO Strengthening climate resilience and reducing AG, FS, 3.0 9.3 12.3 disaster risk in agriculture to improve food DRM security in Haiti post earthquake Honduras IFAD Competitiveness and Sustainable Rural AG 3.4 21.0 24.4 Development Project in the Northern Zone India ADB Climate Resilient Coastal Protection and CZM 2.0 54.7 56.7 Management Lao PDR UNDP Improving the Resilience of the Agriculture AG, FS 5.0 7.7 12.7 Sector in Lao PDR to Climate Change Impacts Lao PDR UNDP Effective Governance for Small Scale Rural DRM, INF 5.3 25.9 31.2 Infrastructure and Disaster Preparedness in a Changing Climate Lesotho UNEP Improvement of Early Warning System to HM, EWS 2.0 2.7 4.7 Reduce Impacts of Climate Change and Capacity Building to Integrate Climate Change into Development Plans Lesotho IFAD Adaptation of Small-scale Agriculture AG, FS 4.9 13.0 17.9 Production (ASAP) Liberia UNDP Enhancing Resilience of Vulnerable Coastal CZM 3.3 4.7 8.0 Areas to Climate Change Risks Liberia UNDP Enhancing Resilience to Climate Change by AG, FS 2.7 6.3 9.0 Mainstreaming Adaption Concerns into Agricultural Sector Development in Liberia Liberia UNDP Strengthening Liberia’s Capability to Provide HM, EWS 7.5 28.4 35.9 Climate Information and Services to Enhance Climate Resilient Development and Adaptation to Climate Change. Malawi UNDP Strengthening climate information and early HM, EWS 4.5 17.1 21.6 warning systems in Malawi to support climate resilient development Maldives UNDP Increasing Climate Change Resilience of TO 1.8 1.7 3.5 Maldives through Adaptation in the Tourism Sector Mali UNDP Enhancing Adaptive Capacity and Resilience to AG, FS 2.7 8.5 11.2 Climate Change in the Agriculture Sector in Mali Mauritania IFAD Support to the Adaptation of Vulnerable AG, FS 4.0 10.5 14.4 Agricultural Production Systems Moldova IFAD Climate resilience through conservation AG 4.8 13.8 18.6 agriculture Implementing the Poznan Strategic and Long-Term Programs on Technology Transfer 41 GEF Amount b Co-financing Total Country Agency Title Type a ($ millions) ($ millions) ($ millions) Mozambique UNDP Adaptation in the coastal zones of CZM 5.0 9.7 14.7 Mozambique Mozambique UNDP Coping with Drought and Climate Change DRM, 1.0 0.9 2.0 HE, AG Niger UNDP Implementing NAPA Priority Interventions to AG, FS 3.9 11.0 14.8 Build Resilience and Adaptive Capacity of the Agriculture Sector to Climate Change Regional WB Design and Implementation of Pilot Climate DRM, 8.8 25.2 34.1 (LAC) Change Adaptation Measures in the Andean EWS Region Regional ADB/ Pilot Asia-Pacific Climate Technology Network TT 2.0 15.0 17.0 (AP) UNEP and Finance Centerc Regional IADB Climate technology transfer mechanisms and TT 2.0 6.3 8.3 (LAC) networks in Latin America and the Caribbeanc Regional AfDB Pilot African Climate Technology Finance Center TT 5.8 32.0 37.8 (ECA) and Networkc Regional EBRD Regional Climate Technology Transfer Centerc TT 2.0 12.6 14.6 (ECA) Sao Tome WB Sao Tome and Principe Adaptation to Climate CZM 4.9 13.2 18.0 and Principe Change Sao Tome AfDB Strengthening the Adaptive Capacity of Most AG, FS 2.3 7.7 10.0 and Principe Vulnerable Sao Tomean’s Livestock-keeping Households Sao Tome UNDP Strengthening Climate Information and Early HM, EWS 4.5 17.9 22.4 and Principe Warning Systems in Western and Central Africa for Climate Resilient Development and Adaptation to Climate Change — Sao Tome and Principe Senegal IFAD Climate Change adaptation project in the areas AG, FS 5.6 10.2 15.8 of watershed management and water retention Sierra Leone IFAD Integrating Adaptation to Climate Change into AG, FS 3.0 8.6 11.6 Agricultural Production and Food Security in Sierra Leone Sierra Leone UNDP Building adaptive capacity to catalyze active WRM 3.3 25.6 28.9 public and private sector participation to manage the exposure and sensitivity of water supply services to climate change in Sierra Leone Sierra Leone UNDP Strengthening Climate Information and Early HM, EWS 4.5 18.4 22.9 Warning Systems in Western and Central Africa for Climate Resilient Development and Adaptation to Climate Change — Sierra Leone Sudan UNDP Implementing NAPA Priority Interventions to AG, FS 3.7 3.5 7.2 Build Resilience in the Agriculture and Water Sectors to the Adverse Impacts of Climate Change Tanzania UNEP Developing Core Capacity to Address CZM 3.8 67.8 71.6 Adaptation to Climate Change in Productive Coastal Zones Tanzania UNDP Strengthening climate information and early HM, EWS 4.5 19.8 24.3 warning systems in Tanzania to support climate resilient development Togo IFAD Adapting Agriculture Production in Togo AG, FS 6.0 13.0 19.0 (ADAPT) 42 The Global Environment Facility GEF Amount b Co-financing Total Country Agency Title Type a ($ millions) ($ millions) ($ millions) Uganda UNDP Strengthening climate information and early HM, EWS 4.5 23.7 28.2 warning systems in Uganda to support climate resilient development Zambia UNDP Adaptation to the effects of drought and AG, FS 4.3 9.8 14.1 climate change in Agro-ecological Zone 1 and 2 in Zambia Zambia UNDP Strengthening climate information and early HM, EWS 4.4 23.7 28.1 warning systems in Zambia to support climate resilient development Zimbabwe UNDP Coping with Drought and Climate Change DRM, 1.1 1.2 2.2 HE, AG TOTAL   228.5 885.1 1113.5 a WRM: Water resources management; DRM: Disaster risk management; EWS: Early warning systems; AG: Agriculture; FS: Food security; HM: Hydro-meteorology; CZM: Coastal zone management; TT: Technology transfer (cross-cutting); INF: Infrastructure development; HE: Health; TO: Tourism. b These amounts include project preparation grants and Agency fees. All amounts accounted here are from the SCCF or the LDCF. c Multi-trust fund project. Funding from the GEF Trust Fund (for a total of $51.8 million) is not included here (please see Table 3 for GEF Trust Fund allocation). Implementing the Poznan Strategic and Long-Term Programs on Technology Transfer 43 References Global Environment Facility (GEF). 2012a. “Implementation Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2007. of the Poznan Strategic Program on Technology IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. Working Group I Transfer: Report of the GEF to the Thirty-sixth Session Report “The Physical Science Basis.” of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation.” Metz, G., Davidson, O., Martens, J., Van Rooijen, S., and Washington, DC: GEF. McGrory, L. 2001. “Methodological and Technological Global Environment Facility (GEF). 2012b. “Report of the Issues in Technology Transfer.” Cambridge, UK: GEF to the Eighteenth Session of the Conference of the Cambridge University Press for the IPCC. Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). 2010. Climate Change.” Washington, DC: GEF. “Handbook for Conducting Technology Needs Global Environment Facility (GEF). 2012c. “Transfer of Assessment for Climate Change.” New York: UNDP. Environmentally Sound Technologies — Case Studies United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)—Risoe from GEF Climate Change Portfolio.” Washington, Centre, 2012. “Overcoming Barriers to the Transfer DC: GEF. and Diffusion of Climate Technologies”. Denmark: Global Environment Facility (GEF). 2012d. “GEF Council UNEP-Riso. document GEF/C.42/Inf.08.” Washington, DC: GEF. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)—Risoe Global Environment Facility (GEF). 2011a. “Implementation Centre, 2011a. “Technologies for Climate Change of the Poznan Strategic Program on Technology Mitigation – Transport Sector”. Denmark: UNEP-Riso. Transfer: Report of the GEF to the Seventeenth United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)—Risoe Session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Centre, 2011b. “Technologies for Climate Change Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.” Adaptation – Water Sector”. Denmark: UNEP-Riso. Washington, DC: GEF. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)—Risoe Global Environment Facility (GEF). 2011b. “GEF Council Centre, 2011c. “Technologies for Climate Change document GEF C.41.09.Rev1.” Washington, DC: GEF. Adaptation – Agriculture Sector”. Denmark: Global Environment Facility (GEF). 2010a. UNEP-Riso. “Implementation of the Poznan Strategic Program on United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)—Risoe Technology Transfer: Report of the GEF to the Centre, 2010. “Technologies for Climate Change Sixteenth Session of the Conference of the Parties to Adaptation—Coastal Erosion and Flooding”. the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Denmark: UNEP-Riso. Change.” Washington, DC: GEF. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2005. “Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage. “Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press for the IPCC. PHOTOGRAPHY CREDITS Production Credits Cover: Abbie Trayler-Smith, Panos Pictures Text: Chizuru Aoki, Franck Jesus, Zhihong Zhang Inside front cover: Filmmaker Aslihan Unaldi Review and Edits: Robert Dixon, David Rodgers, Page 2: Danilo Victoriano, GEF photo contest Josef Buchinger, Linda Heath, Elisabeth Collins, Page 3: Energy Department Corporation (EDC) John Wickham Page 5: UNIDO Page 6: Dana Smillie, The World Bank Page 8: Hidajet Delic-Degi, The World Bank Page 11: iStockphoto Page 21: Curt Carnemark, The World Bank Page 26: Dominic Sansoni, The World Bank Page 26: Dominic Sansoni, The World Bank Page 31: iStockphoto Page 32: GEF Production Date: Revised November 2012 Page 33: Liang Qiang, The World Bank Design: Patricia Hord.Graphik Design Page 33: Jonathan Ernst, The World Bank Printer: Professional Graphics Printing Co. All other images are from Shutterstock ISBN: 978-1-939339-50-8 44 The Global Environment Facility Abbreviations and Acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank ACC Agricultural Credit Corporation AfDB African Development Bank AFR Africa AP Asia and the Pacific CO2 eq Carbon dioxide equivalent COP Conference of the Parties CTCN Climate Technology Center and Network EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ECA Europe and Central Asia ECW Expanded Constituency Workshop EGTT Expert Group on Technology Transfer EST Environmentally Sound Technology FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FY Fiscal Year GEB Global Environmental Benefit GEF Global Environment Facility GHG Greenhouse Gas GWP Global Warming Potential IDB Inter-American Development Bank IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change HCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbon HFC Hydrofluorocarbon HVAC&R Heating, Ventilation, Air-conditioning and Refrigeration LAC Latin America and the Caribbean LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund ABOUT THE GEF LULUCF Land Use, Land-use Change and Forestry MIF Multilateral Investment Fund NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action The Global Environmental Facility unites 182 member governments—in NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action partnership with international institutions, civil society organizations (CSOs), NGO Non-Governmental Organization and the private sector—to address global environmental issues while ODP Ozone Depleting Potential supporting national sustainable development initiatives. An independent PPP Public-Private Partnership financial organization, the GEF provides grants to developing countries and PV Photovoltaic countries with economies in transition for projects related to biodiversity, SBI Subsidiary Body for Implementation SBSTA Subsidiary Body for Scientific and climate change, international waters, land degradation, the ozone layer, Technological Advice and persistent organic pollutants. These projects benefit the global SCCF Special Climate Change Fund environment, linking local, national, and global environmental challenges SME Small and Medium Enterprise and promoting sustainable livelihoods. STAR System for a Transparent Allocation of Resources TAP Technology Action Plan Established in 1991, the GEF is today the largest funder of projects to TNA Technology Needs Assessment improve the global environment. The GEF has allocated $10.5 billion, UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme supplemented by more than $51 billion in co-financing, for more than UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on 2,700 projects in more than 165 developing countries and countries with Climate Change economies in transition. Through its Small Grants Programme, the GEF has UNIDO United Nations Industrial also made more than 14,000 small grants directly to civil society and Development Organization community based organizations, totaling $634 million. WB World Bank The GEF partnership includes 10 Agencies: the UN Development Units of Measure Programme, the UN Environment Programme, the World Bank, the UN GW Gigawatt Food and Agriculture Organization, the UN Industrial Development GWh Gigawatt hour Organization, the African Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, kW Kilowatt Mt Million tonnes the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Inter- kt Thousand tonnes American Development Bank, and the International Fund for Agricultural MW Megawatt Development. The Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel provides MWh Megawatt hour technical and scientific advice on the GEF’s policies and projects. For more information, visit www.thegef.org. www.theGEF.org Printed on Environmentally Friendly Paper